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ALMANAC
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OF THE
| University of Illinois.
CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME.
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Accession No.
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SUKVEY
THE DAILY NEWS
(/ !
ALMANAC
AND
POLITICAL REGISTER
FOR
1896.
COMPILED BY GEO. E. PLUMBE, A. B., LL. B.
TWELFTH YEAR.
ISSUED BY
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY.
THE CHICAGO QUARTERLY
OF
THE CHICAGO RECORD and THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS.
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT CHICAGO, ILL., BY THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS CO.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAH.-
VOL. 3, NO. 2. JANUARY, 189fi.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFKICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
PREFACE,
THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND POLITICAL REGISTER for 1896 is com
piled with special reference to the political campaign of the year. The very
general and widespread interest that has been excited by the discussion of
the silver question and the action of political organizations regarding it
makes it reasonably certain that it will play an important part in the pending
presidential campaign. A very generous amount of space has been given in
the present issue to a perfectly impartial statement of the various phases of
the silver question and to invaluable statistics bearing upon the subject.
Most that is of permanent value on the subject that has been brought out by
the year's discussion is condensed into a popular form in these pages.
The tariff is quite likely to be an important issue in the coming
political struggle and large additions have been made to what has usually
been published in the ALMANAC on that subject. The table giving our
exports to and imports from every foreign country shows the trend of
our trade and commerce. The history of the government's dealings with
the bond syndicate outlines one of the most peculiar monetary operations in
the history of national finances in this or any other country.
The elections in fourteen states of the union full returns of which
ate given show the tendency of political thought and will serve as a basis
for future calculations.
Unusual efforts have been put forth, by large additions of new and
fresh material, to make THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND POLITICAL REGISTER
for 1896 not only popular with but a necessity to all thinking American
citizens who desire to acquaint themselves with political issues and measures
with the view to casting an intelligent ballot in the next presidential election.
CHICAGO, 111., Jan. 1, 1896.
a*
Chicago Daily News Almanac
1896.
NOTE. The time given In this Almanac is local mean time, except when otherwise indicated.
ECLIPSES.
In the year 1896 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon.
I. An Annular Eclipse of the Sun, February 13. Invisible to North America. Visible to
the south-eastern coast of South America, Southern Africa and the South Atlantic and Ant-
irctlc Oceans. The line of Annulus passing through the Antarctic Ocean.
II. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, February 28. Invisible to North America. Visible en-
tire to Europe, Asia and Africa, and in part to Australia, the eastern extremity of South
America and the Atlantic Ocean.
bUTUUgJU XlUVOf XWlUIMa Uliu X OBOUt .1 il }>.l II.
Sun setting slightly eclipsed at 7 h. 53 m.
IV. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, August 22-23. Visible entire to North and South Amer-
ica and the Sandwich Islands, and In part to the western extremities of Europe and Africa, to
eastern Australia, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Occurring as follows:
CHICAGO.
ST. LOUIS.
ST. PAUL.
Moon enters Penumbra
D. H. M.
22 10 7 A.
D. H. M.
22 10 7 A.
D. H. M.
22 10 7 A.
11 25 A.
11 25 A.
11 25 A.
Middle of Eclipse .
23 58 M.
23 58 M.
23 58 M.
2 30 M.
2 30 M.
2 30 M.
Moon leaves Penumbra. ..
3 48 M.
3 48 M.
3 48 M.
First contact of shadow, 79 degrees from south point of the Moon's limb toward the east.
Magnitude of Eclipse = 0.735. (Moon' s diameter = 1.)
THE FOTJR SEASONS.
SEASON.
Begins.
Lasts.
Winter
December 21, 1895, 7:38 P.M.
March 19, 1896, 8:23 P.M.
D. H. M.
89 04
92 19 58
June 20, 1896, 4:27 P.M.
. 92 14 3fi
Autumn
September 22, 18%, 7:03 A.M.
89 18 31
Winter...
December 21.1896, 1:29 A.M.
February
May
EMBER DAYS.
26, 28, 29 I September
27, 29, 30 | December
16, 18, 19
16, 18, 19
MORNING AND EVENING STARS.
MERCURY will be Evening Star about January 23, May 16 and September 18; and Morning
Star about March 5, July 3 and October 24.
VENUS will be Morning Star till July 9; and then Evening Star the rest of the year.
JUPITER will be Morning Star till January 24; then Evening Star till August 11; and then
Morning Star again the rest of the year.
CHURCH DAYS AND CYCLES OF TIME.
Epiphany Jan. 6
Septuageslma Sunday Feb. 2
Sexagesima Sunday Feb. 9
Quinquagesima Sunday Feb. 16
Ash Wednesday Feb. 19
Quadragesima Sunday Feb. 23
Purina Feb. 28
Mid-Lent Sunday Mar. 8
Palm Sunday Mar. 29
Good Friday Apr. 3
Easter Sunday Apr. 5
Low Sunday Apr. 12
Rogation Sunday May 10
Ascension Day May 14
Whit Sunday May 24
Trinity Sunday May 31
Corpus Christ! June 4
Hebrew New Year (5657) Sept. 8
First Sunday in Advent Nov. 29
Christmas Dec. 25
Dominical Letters E D
Solar Cycle
Lunar Cycle (or Golden Number)
Roman Indiction
Epact (Moon's Age, Jan. 1) 15
Julian Period (
Year of the World (Septuagint) 7404-7405
Dionysian Period 225
IHoon's leases.
1896-
i).
EASTERN TIME.
CENTRAL TIME.
MOUNTAIN TIME
PACIFIC TIME.
January.
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
7
14
22
:>o
H. M.
10 25 morn.
5 19 eve.
9 42 eve.
3 55 morn.
H. M.
9 25 morn.
4 19 eve.
8 42 eve.
2 55 morn.
H. M.
8 25 morn.
3 19 eve.
7 42 eve.
1 55 morn.
H. M.
7 25 morn.
2 19 eve.
6 42 eve.
55 morn.
February
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Fullifoon
5
13
21
2*
7 38 eve.
11 12 morn.
4 14 eve.
2 51 eve.
6 38 eve.
10 12 morn.
3 14 eve.
1 51 eve.
5 38 eve.
9 12 morn.
214 eve.
51 eve.
4 38 eve.
8 12 morn.
1 14 eve.
11 51 morn.
March.
Last Quarter.
New Moon. . .
First Quarter.
Full Moon
a
14
22
29
6 29 morn.
5 48 morn.
6 57 morn.
2l morn.
5 29 morn.
4 48 morn.
5 57 morn.
11 21 eve.*
*28th.
4 29 morn.
3 48 morn.
4 57 morn.
10 21 eve.*
*28th.
3 29 morn.
2 48 morn.
3 57 morn.
9 21 eve.*
*28th.
'C
6,
<
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
4
12
20
27
7 24 eve.
11 23 eve.
5 47 eve.
8 47 morn.
6 24 eve.
10 23 eve.
4 47 eve.
7 47 morn.
5 24 eve.
9 23 eve.
3 47 eve.
6 47 morn.
4 24 eve.
8 23 eve.
2 47 eve.
5 47 morn.
>>
(3
S
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
4
12
20
2ti
10 25 morn.
2 46 eve.
1 21 morn.
4 56 eve.
9 25 morn.
1 46 eve.
21 morn.
3 56 eve.
8 25 morn.
46 eve.
11 21 eve.*
2 56 eve.
*19th.
7 25 morn,
ll 46 morn.
10 21 eve.*
1 56 eve.
*19th.
a
p
1-5
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
8
11
18
25
3 2 morn.
3 43 morn.
6 40 morn.
1 55 morn.
2 2 morn.
2 43 morn.
5 40 morn.
55 morn.
1 2 morn.
1 43 morn.
4 40 morn.
11 55 eve.*
*24th.
2 morn.
43 morn.
3 40 morn.
10 55 eve.*
*24th.
J
3
i-s
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
2
10
17
24
8 23 eve.
2 35 eve.
11 4 morn.
45 eve.
7 23 eve.
1 35 eve.
10 4 morn.
11 45 morn.
6 23 eve.
35 eve.
9 4 morn.
10 45 morn.
5 23 eve.
11 35 morn.
8 4 morn.
9 45 morn.
August.
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
9
15
2H
81
1 34 eve.
2 morn.
4 2 eve.
2 4 morn.
5 55 morn.
34 eve.
11 2 eve.*
3 2 eve.
1 4 morn.
4 55 morn.
*8th.
11 34 morn.
10 2 eve.*
2 2 eve.
4 morn.
3 55 morn.
*8th.
10 34 morn.
9 2 eve.*
1 2 eve.
11 4 eve.t
2 55 morn.
*8th. t22d.
September
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
7
13
21
29
8 43 morn.
1 1 9 eve.
5 49 eve.
8 58 eve.
7 43 morn.
10 9 eve.
4 49 eve.
7 58 eve.
6 43 morn.
9 9 eve.
3 49 eve.
6 58 eve.
5 43 morn.
8 9 eve.
2 49 eve.
5 58 eve.
October.
New Moon..
First Quarter.
Full Moon....
Last Quarter.
(i
13
21
29
5 18 eve.
9 47 morn.
11 17 morn.
10 20 morn.
4 18 eve.
8 47 morn.
10 17 morn.
9 20 morn.
3 18 eve.
7 47 morn.
9 17 morn.
8 20 morn.
2 18 eve.
6 47 morn.
8 17 morn.
7 20 morn.
November.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon....
Last Quarter.
5
12
20
27
2 27 morn.
40 morn.
5 25 morn.
9 44 eve.
1 27 morn.
11 40 eve.*
4 25 morn.
8 44 eve.
*llth.
27 morn.
10 40 eve.*
3 25 morn.
7 44 eve.
*llth.
11 27 eve.*
9 40 eve.t
2 25 morn.
6 44 eve.
*4th. tilth.
1 December.
New Moon. .
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
1
11
19
27
51 eve.
7 29 eve.
ll 5 eve.
7 8 morn.
11 51 morn.
6 29 eve.
10 5 eve.
8 morn.
10 51 morn.
5 29 eve.
9 5 eve.
5 8 morn.
9 51 morn.
4 29 eve.
8 5 eve.
4 8 morn.
1st MONTH. JANUARY. 31 DAYS.
- .
6
h -
January Is named from Janus,
an ancient Roman divinity, and
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
St Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
St.Paul.N.E.
Wis. and Mich.,
OM
S
w
was added to the Roman Calen-.
S.Wis., S.Mich.,
Kan., Col., Gal.,
N.E. NewYork,
$1
t-
<>
dar 713 B. o.
N. 111.. Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
pX
<
o
&
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
1
1
We.
Slaves emancipated, 18C3
7 29
i :(s
5 33
7 19
4 48
5 43
7 89
4 29
5 23
2
2
Th.
Bragg defeated, 1862.
7 29
4 39
6 52
7 19
4 49
7
7 39
4 30
6 45
3
3
Fri.
Battle of Princeton, 1777,
1 29
4 40
8 10
7 19
4 50
8 15
7 39
4 30
8 5
4
4
Sat.
Battle of Stone River, 1863.
7 29
441
9 26
7 19
4 51
9 29
7 39
431
9 25
5
6
srx.
Arnold burns Richmond, 1781.
7 29
4 42
10 42
7 19
4 52
1042
7 39
4 32
10 43
6
Mo.
Great earthquake in N.E.,1883,
7 29
4 43
11 57
7 19
4 53
11 54
7 39
4 33
morn
7
7
Tu.
Battle Springfield, Mo., 18B3.
7 29
4 44
morn
7 19
4 54
morn
7 38
4 35
8
8
We.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815.
7 2S
4 45
1 11
7 19
455
1 6
7 88
4 36
1 18
9
9
Th.
Ft.Sunbury,Ga.,captured, 1779.
7 28
4 46
2 26
7 1!)
4 56
2 19
7 38
437
2 35
10
ID
Fri.
Florida seceded, 1861.
7 28
4 47
3 40
7 19
4 57
3 30
7 38
4 38
3 51
11
11
Sat.
Alabama seceded, 18(51
7 28
448
4 52
7 19
4 58
4 40
7 37
4 89
5 5
12
12
si;x.
Lincoln's 1st speech in cgs,1848.
727
449
5 56
7 18
4 59
5 44
7 37
4 41
611
13
13
Mo.
Ft. Fisher attacked, 1865
727
4 51
6 50
7 18
5
639
7 30
4 42
7 5
14
14
Tu.
Gen. Braddock sails, 1755.
720
4 52
sets
7 18
5 1
sets
7 86
4 43
sets
15
18
We.
Ft. Fisher captured, 1865.
7 26
4 53
5 42
7 18
5 2
5 50
7 35
4 44
5 34
16
1C
Th.
Amnesty bill passed, 1872.
7 26
4 54
6 49
7 17
5 3
6 55
7 35
4 45
6 43
17
17
Fri.
Morgan defeats Tarleton,1781.
725
4 55
753
7 17
5 4
7 56
7 34
4 47
749
18
18
Sat.
Battle of Frederickstown,1813.
7 2.1
4 57
8 54
7 16
5 5
8 56
7 34
448
853
19
19
SUN.
Battle of Mill Springs, 1862.
7 24
4 58
9 55
7 16
5 6
9 55
7 33
4 49
9 56
20
L'O
Mo.
Battle of Somerset, N. J., 1777.
7 24
4 59
10 56
7 15
5 7
10 53
7 32
4 50
1059
21
21
Tu.
Jackson enters N.Orleans, 1813.
7 23
5
11 56
7 15
5 8
11 52
7 31
4 52
morn
22
22
We.
Stone fleet sunkCharl'st'n,1861
7 22
5 1
morn
7 14
5 10
morn
7 31
4 53
2
23
2:1
Th.
Massacre River Rasin, 1813.
7 22
5 3
59
7 14
5 11
53
7 30
4 55
1 7
24
21
Fri.
Rhoddy driv'n fr'm Tenn.,1864
7 21
5 4
2 5
7 13
5 12
1 56
7 29
4 56
2 15
25
25
Sat.
Orizaba taken, 1848.
7 20
5 5
3 14
7 13
5 13
3 3
7 28
4 57
3 26
26
Ji>
so.
Webster's reply to Hayne.1830
7 19
5 6
4 20
7 12
5 14
4 9
7 27
4 59
4 35
27
27
Mo.
New Providence taken, 1778.
7 18
5 7
5 22
7 11
5 15
5 10
7 26
5
5 37
28
2S
Tu.
First nat'l bank atPhila., 1783.
7 18
5 9
6 17
7 10
5 16
6 6
7 25
5 2
6 31
29
2!l
We.
British take Augusta.Ga., 1779.
7 17
5 10
7 3
7 10
5 17
653
7 24
5 3
7 14
80
30
Th.
Constitution amended, 1885.
7 16
5 11
rises
7 9
5 19
rises
7 23
5 4
rises
31
31
Fri.
Naval battle off Charl'sfn,1863.
7 15
5 12
7 7
7 8
5 20
7 10
722
5 6
7 4
sa MONTH. FEBRUARY. 29 DAYS.
c
>>. <
6
S
I*
February is named from Roman
divinity ^febrwMS(Pluto), or Feb-
rua (Juno), and was added to
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., TST.Y., Pa.,
S.Wls. S. Mich.,
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St.Paul.N.E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Sri
^k^
*
S
Roman Calendar about 713 B. c.
N. 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
o^
R
<&
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
riees
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.& S.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
32
1
Sat.
Battle of Cowan's Ford, 1781.
7 14
5 14
8 25
7 7
5 21
8 26
7 20
5 7
8 25
33
2
SUN.
Mexican cession of 1848.
7 13
5 15
9 43
7 6
5 22
9 41
7 19
5 9
9 46
34
a
Mo.
Battle of Dover, 1802
7 12
5 17
10 59
7 5
.-. 23
10 55
7 18
5 10
11 5
85
4
Tu.
Clinton reaches N. Y., 1776.
7 11
5 18
morn
7 5
5 24
morn
7 17
5 11
morn
86
5
We.
Med'liag w'hsl'v'ry lll'gal,1836
7 10
5 19
016
7 4
5 2(!
9
7 16
5 13
24
37
(i
Th.
Treaty with France. 1778.
7 9
5 20
1 32
7 3
5 27
1 23
7 14
5 14
1 43
38
7
Fri.
Jeff Davis' case dismissed,1869.
7 7
5 22
2 45
7 2
5 28
2 34
7 13
5 16
2 58
89
8
Sat.
Conf 'derate gov't formed, 1861.
7 6
5 23
3 50
7 1
5 29
3 38
7 12
5 17
4 5
40
a
Six.
Conf 'derate congress met, 1861
7 5
5 24
4 47
6 59 5 30
4 35
7 105 18
5 2
41
10
Mo.
Battle Hornet & Resolute,1813.
7 4
5 25
5 35
6 58 5 31
523
7 9 5 20
5 48
42
11
Tu.
Lincoln left for Wash'n, 1861.
7 2
5 27
6 13
6 57 5 32
6 3
7 7
5 21
6 24
43
12
We.
First fugitive slave law, 1793.
7 1
5 2H
642
6 56 5 34
634
7 6
5 23
6 51
44
13
Th.
Massacre of Glencoe, 1(591.
(> 59
5 30
sets
6 55 5 35
sets
7 45 24
sets
45
14
Fri.
Pickens routs the British, 1778.
(I 58
5 31
6 43
6 54
5 3(5
6 46
7 35 25
6 42
4(i
15
Sat.
Battle of Ft. Donelson, 1862.
(i 57
5 ;t2
7 44
<> 52
5 37
7 45
7 1
5 27
7 45
47
n;
srx.
Hessian troops hired, 1776
(i 55
.-, ;;:;
8 45
6 51
r. :;s
8 43
7
5 28
8 48
48
17
Mo.
Treaty of Ghent ratified, 1815.
(i 54
5 35
9 45
6 50 5 39
9 41
6 58 5 30
9 51
49
18
Tu.
Lee com.-in-chief, 1864.
li 52
5 36
10 47
49 5 40
10 42
6 57 5 31
10 55
50
lit
We.
First nat'l thanksgiving. 1795.
(i 51
5 37 11 52
6 47 5 42 11 44
6 55|5 33
morn
61
20
Th.
Braddock arrives In Va., 1755.
(i 50
5 38 morn
6 46:5 43 morn
6 54 5 34
1
52
21
Fri.
Silver roiuom'ti/.ed, 1878.
(i 48
5 39
59
6 45 5 441 49
6 52 5 36
1 11
53
22
Sat.
Battle of Ogdensburg, 1813.
(5 47
5 41
2 4
(i 48 5 45
1 52
6 51 5 37
2 17
54
23
srx.
Battle of Buena Vista, 1847.
6 45
5 42
3 6|
6 42 5 46
2 54
6 49 5 39
3 21
55
21
Mo.
Johnson impeached, 1858.
(i -11
5 43
4 3
6 41 5 47
3 52
6 47 5 40
4 18
56
25
Tu.
Conscription bill passed, 1863.
42
5 44
4 52
6 39,5 48
4 41
6 45 5 41
5 4
57
21 i
We.
Nashville surrendered, 1862.
6 41
5 46
5 32
6 38 5 49
5 23
6 44 5 43
5 42
58
27
Th.
Battle of Morris Neck, 1776.
(i 39
5 47 6 3
6 37 5 50
5 57
6 42 5 44
6 11
59
28
Fri.
Pri vate'r Nashville dest'd,l863
f! 37
5 48 rises 6 35 5 51
rises
6 40 5 45
rises
60
20
Sat.
Leap Year Day
6 86
5 50 7 16 Id 34 5 52
7 15 16 38 5 46
7 17
3d MONTH. MARCH. 31 DAYS.
M
M
A.Y MO.
&d
&
March was named from Mars,
the god of war. It was the
first month of the Boman year.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis.,S.Mich.,
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo..
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.B.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York.
Minn., Or.
Q H
q
a*
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
Sun Sun
rises sets.
Moon
R.4S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
61
1
8CN:
Articl's of confed. ratlfi'd, 1781
6 34
5 51
8 36
ti 32
5 53
8 33
ti ::u
5 48
8 40
62
2
Mo.
Grant made lieut.-gen., 1864.
6 32
5 52
9 55
6 31
5 54
9 50
ti 35
5 49
10 3
63
3
Tu.
Battle of Brier Creek. 1779.
631
5 53
11 15
6 29
5 55
11 7
6 33
5 51
11 25
64
4
We.
First congress meets, 1789.
6 29
5 55
morn
6 28
5 56
morn
6 31
5 52
morn
65
5
Th.
Boston massacre, 1770.
6 28
5 56
32
6 27
5 57
21
6 29
5 53
44
66
8
Fri.
Battle of Pea Ridge, 1862.
6 26
5 57
1 42
6 25
5 58
1 31
6 27
."> 55
1 57
67
7
Sat.
Bible society formed, 1804.
6 24
5 58
2 43
6 24
5 59
2 31
6 26
5 56
258
68
8
Sl'X.
Stamp act passed, 177H.
6 23
5 59
3 34
6 22
6 1
3 23
6 24
5 58
348
69
9
Mo.
Monitor-Merrimac battle, 1862.
6 21
6
415
6 21
6 2
4 5
ti 22
5 59
4 27
70
It)
Tu.
M'Clel'n crosses Potomac, 1802
ti 20
6 1
4 46
6 19
6 3
438
6 20
6
4 56
71
11
We.
Confed.constit'n.adopted, IStil.
6 18
6 2
5 11
617
6 4
5 5
6 18
6 1
5 19
"72
12
Th.
Grant made com.-in-chief, 1864
6 16
6 3
5 32
6 16
6 5
528
6 17
6 3
5 38
73
13
Fri.
Red river expedition, 1864
6 14
6 4
5 53
6 14
6 6
5 50
6 15
6 4
5 56
74
14
Sat
Newbern captured, 1862.
6 13
6 6
sets
6 13
6 7
sets
6 13
6 5
sets
75
15
Sl'.N.
Island No. 10 bombarded, 1861.
6 11
6 7
7 38
6 11
6 8
7 35
6 11
6 6
7 42
76
Iti
Mo.
Battle of Guilford, 1781.
6 9
6 8
839
6 10
6 9
834
6 9
6 8
8 46
77
17
Tu.
Boston evacuated, 1776.
6 7
6 9
9 42
6 8
6 10
935
6. 8
6 9
9 51
78
18
We.
Stamp act repealed, 1776
6 5
6 10
10 47
6 6
6 10
10 38
6 6
611
1058
79
19
Th.
Patent for Conn, issued, 1831.
ti ^
I! 12
11 53
6 5
611
11 42
6 4
6 12
morn
80
20
Fri.
Washington ent'rs Boston, 1776
ti \
6 13
morn
6 3
612
morn
6 2
6 13
6
81
21
Sat.
Battle of Henderson, 1864.
6
6 14
055
6 2
613
044
6
6 14
1 10
82
22
80.
Stamp act signed,.1765.
558
6 15
1 53
6
6 14
1 41
558
6 16
2 8
83
"3
Mo.
Battle of Winchester. 1862.
5 57
6 16
2 44
5 58
6 15
2 32
5 56
6 17
2 57
84
2t
Tu.
Attack on Peekskill. 1777.
5 55
6 17
3 26
5 57
6 16
3 16
5 54
6 18
3 37
85
25
We.
Hudson river discovered, 1609.
5 54
6 18
4
5 55
617
353
5 52
6 19
4 9
86
2li
Th.
Forrest beat'n atPaducah,1864
5 52
6 19
4 29
5 54
6 18
4 25
5 50
ti 20
4 36
87
27
Fri.
Tanning, Tex., massacre. 1836.
5 50
6 20
4 56
5 52
6 19
4 53
5 49
6 22
459
88
_>s
Sat.
Seminole treaty, 1833.
5 49
6 21
5 18
5 51
6 20
5 18
5 47
6 23
5 19
89
29
sex.
Vera Cruz capitulates. 1847.
5 47
ti 23
rises
5 49
6 21
rises
5 45
6 24
rises
90
ill)
Mo.
Battle of Somerset, Ky., 1863.
5 46
ti 21
848
547
ti 22
841
5 43
6 25
8 57
91
31
Tu.
Treasury bldgs burned, 1833.
5 44
625
10 8
5 46
623
9 58
5 41
627
1019
4th MONTH. APRIL. 3O DAYS.
53
6
X
og
April was named from apriere
(to open), the season when buds
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.wk, S.Mich.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.
St. Paul, N. E.
Wls. and Mich.
N.E. New York,
*z
h
^
(H
<fc
open.
N. 111., lord., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
3"
Q
ft ?
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AMERICAN HISTORY.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rises
sets.
B.& 8.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
92
I
We.
Battle Five Forks, 1865.
5 42
; 2i
11 25
5 44
6 24
11 13
5 -40
6 28
11 38
93
2
Th.
Battle at Selma, Ala., 1865.
5 40
6 27
morn
5 43
6 25
morn
5 38
6 30
morn
94
3
Fri.
Richmond evacuated, 1865.
5 39
t! 2S
32
5 41
ti 2ti
20
5 36
6 31
47
95
4
Sat.
First newspaper in U. S., 1704.
5 37
t! 29
1 28
5 40
ti 27
1 17
5 34
t; 32
1 43
96
r>
SUN.
Yorktown besieged. 1862.
5 35
6 30
2 14
5 3*
6 28
2 3
5 32
t; 33
2 26
97
t;
Mo.
1st house of rep.organiz'd,1786.
533
6 31
2 49
5 37
t! 29
2 40
5 31
ti 35
3
98
7
Tu.
Battle of Shiloh, 1862.
5 32
6 32
3 16
535
6 30
3 9
5 29
6 30
3 25
99
8
We.
Island No. 10 taken, 1862.
5 30
l! 31
338
5 34
6 31
3 34
5 27
637
345
100
9
Th.
Civil rights bill passed, 1866.
5 29
ti 35
3 59
5 32
t; 32
3 56
5 25
6 38
4 3
101
10
Frl.
Battle of Ft. Pulaski, 1862.
5 27
6 3U
4 17
5 30
6 33
4 16
5 23
t; 39
4 19
102
11
Sat.
Ft. Sumter bombarded, 186L
5 25
6 37
435
5 29
6 33
4 36
5 22
6 41
4 35
103
12
stx.
Lee surrenders, 1865.
5 24
t; 3,x
452
5 27
6 34
456
5 20
t! 42
4 50
101
13
Mo.
Civil war begins, 1861.
5 22
t! 39
sets
5 26
6 35
sets
5 18
6 43
sets
105
14
Tu.
Battle of Monks' Corners, 1780.
5 21
640
838
5 24
6 36
8 30
5 16
6 44
8 48
106
15
We.
Lincoln dies, 1865,
5 19
641
9 46
5 23
6 37
9 35
5 14
6 45
9 58
107
1(1
Th.
Porter passed Vicksburg, 1863.
5 17
ti 42
10 48
5 22
t; 3s
1037
5 13
6 47
11 2
108
17
Fri.
Death of Franklin, 1790.
5 16
6 43
11 47
5 20
ti 39
11 35
5 11
6 48
morn
109
is
Sat.
Ride of Paul Revere, 1775.
5 14
645
morn
5 19
6 40
morn
5 9
6 49
2
110
19
srx.
Battle of Lexington, 1775.
5 13
646
039
5 17
641
28
5 7
650
54
111
20
Mo.
Gen. Lee resigns U. S. A., 1861.
5 11
647
1 23
5 16
6 42
1 13
5 6
6 52
1 35
112
21
Tu.
Battle of San Jacinto, 1836.
5 it
6 48
1 59
5 15
6 43
1 51
5 4
(i 53
2 9
113
_"_'
We.
Paul Jones at Whitehav'n, 1778
5 8
6 49
2 28
5 13
6 44
2 22
5 3
f> 55
2 36
114
_::
Th.
Battle bet. Lee & Marion, 1781.
5 tl
ti 50
2 55
5 12
6 45
2 51
5 1
ti ~>0
2 59
115
21
Fri.
Ranger takes the Drake, 1778.
5 5
ti 51
3 19
5 11
6 4li
3 18
4 59
ti 57
3 21
lie
25
Silt.
U.S.land office estab'sh'd, 1812.
5 3
6 52
3 43
5 9
6 47
345
4 58
ti 58
3 42
117
26
SI \.
New Orleans taken, 1862.
5 2
6 53
4 8
5 8
6 48
4 12
4 56
7
4 4
118
27
Mo.
Habeas corpus suspend'd,l8fil.
5 1
6 54
rises
5 7
6 4!)
rises
4 55
7 1
rises
ll!l
2s
Tu.
Battle of Saugatuckriv'r,1777.
4 59
ti .-,.-,
8 58
5 6
6 50
847
4 53
7 2
9 10
190
29
We.
Md. d'cidesag'nstseces'n.lNtil.
4 58
t; 5t;
10 12
5 4
6 51
10 1
4 52
7 3
1027
121
30 Th.
Washington inaugurated 1789.
;4 57 6 57
11 15
5 3
6 52
11 4
4 50
7 4
11 30
5th MONTH. MAY. 31 DAYS.
h .
c
fc
May is from the Latin Muiu*.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N.Y., Pa.,
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., MO.,
St. Paul, N.E.
Wis. and Mich.,
x
**
PS
the growing month.
S.Wis., 8. Mich.
Kan., Col., Cal.,
N.E. New York,
<' W
5
^ H
N. 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
ft
a
0^
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.& S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
122
i
Fri.
Battle of Port Gibson, 1863.
4 56
58
morn
5 2
52
1155
4 49
7 6
morn
123
2
Sat.
Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863
4 54
6 59
7
5 1
6 53
morn
447
7 7
20
124
3
SEN.
First call for 3-year men, 1861.
4 53
7 1
46
4 59
6 54
36
446
7 8
57
125
4
Mo.
Grant crosses the Rapid'n, 1864
4 51
7 2
1 17
4 58
6 55
1 10
4 45
7 9
1 26
126
5
Tu.
Yorktown evacuated, 1862.
4 50
7 3
141
4 57
6 5(5
1 36
4 43
7 10
1 48
127
We.
Ark. and Tenn. secede, 1861.
449
7 4
2 3
4 56
57
1 59
442
7 12
2 7
128
7
Th.
Baton Rouge, La., capt'r'd,1862
448
7 5
2 22
4 55
58
2 20
440
7 13
2 25
129
8
Frl.
Battle of Palo Alto. 1846.
4 46
7 6
2 40
4 54
59
2 41
439
7 14
2 40
130
9
Sat.
Battle of Resaca,Mox., 1846.
4 45
7 7
2 58
4 53
7
3 1
4 38
7 15
2 57
131
10
Sl'N.
Jeff Davis captured, 1805.
4 44
7 8
3 19
4 52
7 1
3 23
4 37
7 16
3 15
13'*
11
Mo.
Battle of Charl'st'n Neck,1779.
4 43
7 9
3 42
4 51
7 2
3 48
435
7 17
3 36
183
12
Tu.
Crown Point taken, 1775.
442
7 10
4 8
4 50
7 3
4 17
434
7 18
4
134
1 3
We.
War declar'd ag'nst Mex., 1846
4 41
7 11
sets
4 49
7 4
sets
433
7 19
sets
14
Th.
Cape Cod discovered, 1602.
4 40
7 12
9 41
448
7 5
9 30
4 32
7 20
956
13ti
15
Fri.
Ft. Granby taken, 1781.
4 39
7 13
10 36
4 47
7 6
10 25
4 31
7 21
1051
137
10
Sat.
Lincoln nominated, 1860.
438
7 14
11 22
4 46
7 7
11 11
4 30
7 23
11 34
13S
17
srN.
First national fast, 1776.
437
7 15
11 59
445
7 7
11 50
4 29
7 24
morn
139
18
Mo.
Grant invests Vicksburg, 1863.
437
7 16
morn
444
7 8
morn
428
7 25
9
1 10
lit
Tu.
The "dark day," 1780.
4 36
7 17
30
4 44
7 9
24
427
7 26
038
141
20
We.
Mecklenburg declaration, 1577
4 35
7 18
056
443
7 10
52
4 26
7 27
1 2
142
21
Th.
Ft. Galphin taken, 1781.
4 34
7 19
1 21
4 42
7 11
1 19
4 25
7 28
1 24
143
>'>
Fri.
Brooks assaults Sumner, 1850.
433
7 20
144
4 41
7 12
1 45
4 2 t
7 29
1 44
144
23
Sat.
Settlem'nt at Jamestown, 1607.
433
7 20
2 8
4 41
7 13
2 11
423
7 30
2 6
145
21
srs.
Banks evac's Strasburg, 1862.
4 32
7 21
2 35
4 40
7 13
2 40
422
731
2 30
140
25
Mo.
Battle of Spottsylvania, 1864.
4 31
7 22
3 6
440
7 14
3 14
4 21
7 32
258
147
20
Tu.
Last confeds. surrender. 18(55.
4 30
7 23
3 44
439
7 15
3 54
421
7 33
3 34
148
27
We.
Fts. Erie & George aban'd,1813.
4 30
7 24
rises
4 38
7 16
rises
4 20
7 34
rises
149
28
Th.
Battle of Dallas, Ga., 1864.
429
7 25
9 55
4 38
7 16
9 41
4 19
7 35
10 9
29
Fri.
Battle of Waxhaw, 1780.
429
726
10 40
437
717
1030
419
7 36
10 52
151
30
Sat.
Corinth taken, 1862.
4 28
727
11 15
437
7 18
11 7
418
7 37
11 25
152
31
SI'S.
Battle of Fair Oaks, 1862.
4 28
728
11 43
436
7 19
11 37
418
7 37
11 51
6th MONTH. JUNE. 30 DAYS.
S3
O
<
AY OF
KEK.
June traced to Juno, the queen
of heaven, who was thought to
preside over marriages.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S. Wis.,8. Mich.
N. 111.. Ind. O.
St. Louis, S. 111..
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan , Col., Cal..
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.E.
Wis and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
a*
ft
HF
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&8.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
153
1
Mo.
Battle of Cold Harbor, 1864.
427
7 28
morn
1 30
7 19
morn
4 17
7 38
morn
154
2
Tu.
Battle Lake Champlain, 1813.
4 27
7 29
6
4 36
7 20
2
4 17
7 39
12
1 55
8
We.
Lee assumes command, 1862.
426
7 29
026
4 35
7 21
24
4 17
7 40
29
4
Th.
War declar'd ag'nst Mex. 1842
426
7 30
44
4 35
7 21
44
4 16
7 41
45
167
5
Fri.
Battle of Piedmont, 1864.
426
7 31
1 3
4 35
7 22
1 5
4 16
7 41
1 2
15S
Sat.
Confeds. sur. Memphis, 1862.
4 26
7 31
1 23
4 34
7 23
1 26
4 15
7 42
1 19
159
7
SIN.
Fenians raid Canada, 1866.
4 25
7 32
1 44
4 34
7 23
1 50
415
743
1 38
100
8
Mo.
Battle of Chattanooga. 1862.
425
7 32
2 9
4 34
7 24
217
415
7 44
2 2
101
9
Tu.
Battle of Big Bethel, 1861.
425
7 33
240
434
7 24
2 50
414
7 44
2 31
162
168
10
11
We.
Th.
War d'cl'd ag'nst Tripoli, 1801.
Walker lands in Nicar'g'a,1855
4 25
4 25
7 34
7 34
3 18
sets
4 34
4 34
7 25
7 25
3 30
sets
4 14
4 14
7 45
7 45
3 7
sets
164
12
Fri.
Grant crosses C'kah'miny, 1864
4 24
7 35
9 20
4 34
7 20
9 9
4 14
7 46
9 33
105
13
Sat.
Fugitive slave lawrep'l d,1863.
4 24
7 35
10 1
434
7 26
9 51
414
7 46
10 12
166
14
StIN.
National flag adopted, 1777:
424
7 30
1033
434
7 20
10 20
4 14
7 47
10 42
107
15
Mo.
Wash'n takes command, 1775.
4 24
7 30
11 1
434
7 27
10 57
414
7 47
11 8
108
10
Tu.
Mississippi discovered, 1693.
424
7 36
11 20
4 34
7 27
11 23
4 14
7 48
11 29
169
17
We.
Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.
4 25
7 37
11 49
4 34
7 27
11 49
4 14
7 48
11 50
170
18
Th.
Can. evac't'dbyAm'ric'ns.l77f>
4 25
7 37
morn
4 34
7 28
morn
4 14
7 48
morn
171
19
Fri.
War decl'd ag'nst Engl'd, 1812.
4 25
7 37
Oil
434
7 28
14
4 14
7 48
10
172
20
Sat.
Battle of Stony Ferry, 1779.
4 25
7 37
037
434
7 28
041
4 15
7 49
33
173
21
srx.
Petersburg captured, 1864.
4 25
7 37
1 6
434
7 28
1 13
415
7 49
059
174
>>
Mo.
Ewell crosses Potomac, 1863.
4 20
7 38
1 41
4 35
7 29
1 51
4 15
7 49
1 32
175
23
Tu.
Great Eastern at N. Y., 1860.
4 2(5
7 38
2 23
4 35
7 29
2 34
4 15
7 49
2 12
170
24
We
Harrison warns Tecums'b.,1811
4 2(5
7 38
3 16
4 35
7 29
327
4 15
7 49
3 3
177
25
Th.
Custer massacre, 1876.
42(5
7 38
rises
4 30
7 29
rises
4 10
7 49
rises
178
26
Fri
Seven days' battles began, 18f>2
4 27
7 38
9 12
43(5
7 29
9 3
4 1*;
7 49
9 23
179
27
Sat.
Morm'nsmobb'd.Carth'ge, 1857
427
7 38
9 42
4 3(5
7 29
9 35
4 10
7 49
9 51
180
28
srs.
1st colonl'l assembly m'ts, 1619
4 28
7 38
10 7
4 37
7 29
10 2
417
7 49
10 14
181
29
Mo.
Howe reaches Sandy Ho'k,1776
4 28
7 38
10 29
437
7 29
10 20
4 17
7 4(1
10 33
182
30
Tu.
Gulteau banged, 1882.
428
738
1048
438
729
1047
418
7 49
10 50
Ttli MONTH. JULY. 31 DAYS.
N
6
2
S
H
July named In honor of Julius!
Csesar.who was born on the 12th
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.Wls., S.Mich.,
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St.Paul.N.E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.B.NewYork,
>
^'j-
H
>W
^C
of July.
N 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
Q^
O
^
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AMERICAN HISTORY.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rises
sets.
R.&8.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
H M.
H.M.
H. M.
?.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
183
1
We.
Battle of Gettysb'gbeg'n,1863.
4 29
7 :N
11 6
38
7 2!)
11 7
4 18
749
11 6
184
2
Th.
Garfield assassinated. 1881.
429
7 38
11 25
4 39
7 29
11 29
4 19
7 49
11 23
185
3
Fri.
Massacre of Wyoming, 1778.
4 30
7 38
11 47
4 39
7 29
11 52
4 20
7 49
11 42
186
4
Sat.
Vicksburg surrendered, 1863.
430
7 38
morn
4 40
7 28
morn
4 20
7 48
morn
1ST
5
8i:x.
Battle of Carthage, Mo., 1861.
4 31
7 38
10
4 40
7 28
17
4 21
7 48
3
188
6
Mo.
Battle of Jamestown, 1781.
4 32
7 37
38
4 41
1 28
47
4 21
7 47
029
189
7
Tu.
Lincoln's murder'rs hung, 1805
4 32
7 37
1 13
4 41
7 28
1 24
4 22
7 47
1 3
190
8
We.
Wash'n chosen as capital, 1792
4 33
7 36
1 58
4 42
7 27
2 9
4 23
7 47
1 45
191
9
Th.
Surrender of Pt. Hudson, 18G3.
434
7 36
2 54
443
7 27
3 5
4 24
7 46
2 41
191'
10
Fri
Fr'nch allies land, N'port,1780.
4 35
7 35
sets
4 43
7 27
sets
4 24
7 46
sets
193
11
Sat.
Battle of Rich Mountain, 1861.
4 36
7 35
834
4 44
7 26
826
4 25
7 45
844
194
1
Sl'N.
Norwalk, Conn., burned, 1779.
4 3(3
7 34
9 3
4 45
7 26
8 58
4 26
7 45
9 10
195
13
Mo.
Draft riots in N. Y., 1863.
437
7 34
9 30
4 45
7 25
9 26
4 27
7 44
9 34
196
14
Tu.
Second great flre.Chicago, 1875
4 38
7 33
9 54
4 46
7 24
9 53
4 28
7 43
9 56
197
15
We
Battle of Baylor's Farm, 18C4.
439
7 32
10 16
4 47
7 24
10 18
4 29
743
10 15
198
it;
Th.
Wayne takes Stony Point,1779.
440
7 32
10 40
447
7 24
10 44
4 30
7 42
]0 36
199
17
Frl.
Emancipation bill signed, 1862.
4 40
7 31
11 7
448
7 23
11 13
431
7 41
11 1
200
18
Sat.
Maximilian shot, 1867.
4 41
7 31
11 39
4 49
7 22
11 48
4 32
7 40
1131
201
19
SFN.
Morgan defeated, 1863.
4 42
7 30
morn
4 50
7 22
morn
4 33
7 39
morn
202
20
Mo.
Confed. cong. Richmond, 1861.
4 43
7 29
18
4 51
7 21
029
4 34
7 39
8
208
21
Tu.
Battle of Bull Run, 1861.
444
7 28
1 7
451
7 20
1 18
435
7 38
54
204
22
We.
Gen. M'Clell'n takes com., 1861
444
7 28
2 7
452
7 20
2 18
436
737
1 54
205
23
Th.
Gen. Grant dies, 1885.
4 45
7 27
311
4 53
7 19
3 22
437
7 36
3
206
24
Fri.
Mormons arrive in Utah, 1847.
4 46
7 26
rises
4 54
7 18
rises
4 38
7 35
rises
207
25
Sat.
Battle of Iiundy's Lane, 1814.
4 47
7 25
8 8
4 55
7 17
8 2
4 39
7 34
8 16
208
26
8CS.
Halleck sup's McClellan, 1862.
4 48
7 24
8 31
4 56
7 16
8 28
4 40
7 33
8 37
209
27
Mo.
Atlantic cable laid, 1866.
4 49
7 23
8 52
4 56
7 16
8 50
4 41
732
8 55
210
28
TU.
Battle at Atlanta, 1864.
4 50
7 22
9 10
457
7 15
9 11
4 42
7 31
9 11
211
29
We.
The Alabama starts out, 1862.
451
7 21
929
4 58
7 14
932
4 43
7 30
928
212
30
Th.
Petersb'g mine explod'd, 1864.
4 52
7 20
9 50
459
7 13
9 54
4 44
7 28
946
213
31
Fri.
Lafayette made maj.-gen.. 1777
4 53
7 19
10 11
5
7 12
10 17
4 45
7 27
10 5
8th MONTH. AUGUST. 31 DAYS.
AT OF 1
r EAB. 1
6
|x
8|j
51
August was named In honor
of Augustus Caesar, he having
been made consul in this month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.,
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col.. Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N. E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
1 "
ft
fi
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.& S.
Sun
rises
Sun Moon
sets. H.& S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
IH.M.
H M
H. M.
H.M.
H.M. 1 H.M.
214
1
Sat.
Clerm'nt'strip on Huds'n, 1807
4 54
7 18
10 36
5 1
7'll
10 44
4 46
7 26
10 28
215
2
SUN.
Battle of Ft.Stephenson, 1813.
4 55
7 17
11 8
5 2
7 10
11 18
4 47
7 25
10 58
216
3
Mo.
Col'mbus sails from Sp'n, 1492.
4 5ii
7 16
11 49
5 3
7 9
morn
4 48
7 23
11 37
217
4
Tu.
Col. Isaac Hayne hang'd, 1781.
4 57
7 15
morn
5 4
7 8
4 50
7 22
morn
218
5
We.
Farrag't ent'rs M'bile bay,1864
4 58
7 14
39
5 4
7 6
50
4 51
7 20
26
219
6
Th.
Ram Arkansas explod'd, 1862.
4 59
7 12
1 39
5 5
7 5
1 50
4 52
7 19
1 27
220
7
Fri.
Lafayette departs, 1825.
5
7 11
248
5 6
7 4
258
4 53
7 18
2 38
221
8
Sat.
Battle of Mackinaw, 1814.
5 1
7 10
4 4
5 7
7 3
412
4 54
7 16
3 56
222
9
8US.
Battle of Cedar Mount'n, 1862.
5 2
7 9
sets
5 8
7 2
sets
4 56
7 15
sets
223
10
Mo.
Battle of Wilson Creek, 1861.
5 3
7 7
7 56
5 9
7 1
7 54
4 57
7 13
7 59
224
11
Tu.
Bat.Sulphur Bridge Sps., 1864.
5 4
7 6
8 20
5 10
6 59
8 21
4 58
7 12
8 20
225
12
We.
King Philip shot, 1675.
5 5
7 4
8 43
5 11
6 58
847
4 59
7 10
8 41
226
13
Th.
Mosbv's atk.on Sheridan, 1864.
5 6
7 3
!> 10
5 12
6 57
9 15
5
7 9
9 5
227
14
Fri.
Death of Farragut, 1870.
5 7
7 1
9 40
5 13
6 55
948
5 2
7 7
932
228
15
Sat.
Lafayette visits the U. S..1824.
5 8
7
10 17
5 13
6 54
10 27
5 3
7 6
10 7
229
115
SUN.
Battle of Bennington. 1777.
5 9
6 58
11 3
5 14
6 53
11 14
5 4
7 4
1051
280
17
Mo.
Anti-Neb, con. Saratoga, 1854.
5 10
6 57
11 58
5 15
6 52
morn
5 5
7 2
11 45
231
18
Tu.
Panic of 1873 began.
5 11
6 55
morn
5 16
6 50
10
5 6
7 1
morn
232
19
We.
Battle of Bluelicks, Kv., 1782.
5 12
6 54
1 1
5 17
6 49
1 13
5 8
6 59
50
233
20
Th.
Battle of Fallen Timb'rs, 1794.
5 13
t; 52
2 9
5 18
6 48
2 19
5 9
ti 58
1 59
231
21
Fri.
Lawrence, Kas., sacked, 1863.
5 15
6 51
3 19
5 19
6 46
3 27
5 10
6 5i ;
3 11
235
22
Sat.
Atfck on Ft. Sumter rep., 1863.
5 l(i
6 49
4 27
5 20
6 45
432
5 11
6 54
4 21
236
23
SUN.
Ft. Morgan surrenders, 1864.
5 17
6 48
rises
5 21
6 43
rises
5 12
6 52
rises
237
24
Mo.
British capt're Washing'n.1814
5 18
6 4;
7 16
5 2''
6 42
7 15
5 14
6 51
7 17
238
25
Tu.
Battle Ream's Station, 1864.
5 19
6 45
7 34
5 23 i 40
7 36
5 15
6 49
7 33
239
2(i
We.
Stamp-act riot Boston, 17C.S.
5 20
6 43
7 53 5 21 i 39 7 57 5 KJ
6 47
7 51
240
27
Th.
Battle of Long Island, 1776.
5 21
6 42
8 15 5 24 i 38 8 20 5 17
6 45
8 10
241
28
Fri.
Post-carserv.C.&N.W.Ry, 1864
5 22
6 40
8 39 5 25 ! 3li 8 4li 5 Is
6 44
8 32
242
29
Sat.
Second battle Bull Run, !8fS.
5 23
6 38
9 7 5 26 > 34
!l 17 5 19
6 42
8 58
243
30
srx.
Americ'ns evacuate R. I., 1778.
5 24
(i 37
9 42
5 2716 33
9 53 5 20
6 41
9 31
244
31
Mo.
French fleet arrives, 1781.
5 25
6 35
10 28
5 2816 31
10 39 15 21 6 39
10 15
9th MONTH. SEPTEMBER. so DAYS.
IAY OF i
fKAK.
6
S
H
N
September, from Septem (sev-
enth), as it was the seventh
Roman month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,T*.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S. Mich.
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Loul8,S.Ill.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul.N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
H 1 ^
G
o>
AMKIUCAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
n.M.
H.M
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
245
1
Tu.
Battle of Chantilly, 1862.
5 26
6 34
11 23
5 29
6 30
11 34
5 22
6 37
11 10
24(i
2
We.
Atlanta surrenders, 1864.
5 27
ti 32
morn
5 30
6 28
morn
5 23
6 35
morn
2-17
3
Th.
Tre'ty of peace.U.S. &G. B.,'83
5 28
(i 30
027
5 31
6 27
038
5 25
6 33
16
248
4
Fri.
Chicago lighted with gas. 1850.
5 29
ti -8
1 40
5 32
(i 25
1 49
5 26
6 31
1 31
249
5
Sat.
Lee invades Maryland, 1862.
5 30
(i 27
2 56
5 33
6 24
3 3
5 27
6 29
249
250
(i
SUN.
Mayflower sails, 1620.
5 31
ti 25
4 14
5 33
6 22
418
5 28
6 27
4 10
251
7
Mo.
Ft. Wayne captured, 1863.
5 32
6 23
sets
5 34
6 20
sets
5 29
6 25
sets
252
8
Tu.
Battle of Molino del Rey, 1847.
5 33
6 21
6 46
5 35
6 19
648
5 31
6 24
6 45
253
9
We.
Geneva award paid, 1873.
5 34
(5 20
7 11
5 36
6 17
7 15
5 32
6 22
7 7
25 1
10
Th.
Perry's vlct. in Lake Erie, 1813
5 35
(5 18
7 40
537
6 16
747
5 33
6 20
733
255
11
Fri.
Battle of Brandywine, 1777.
5 36
6 17
8 16
538
6 14
8 26
5 34
6 18
8 7
256
12
Sat.
Battle of Chapultepec, 1841.
537
6 15
9
5 39
6 13
9 12
5 35
6 16
849
257
13
SUN.
Gen. Wolf killed, 1759.
538
6 13
9 54
5 40
6 11
10 5
5 37
6 15
9 41
258
14
Mo.
City of Mexico taken, 1847.
5 39
6 11
10 55
5 41
6 10
11 6
5 3S
6 13
10 42
259
15
Tu.
Delegates adopt consti'n, 1787.
5 41
6 10
morn
5 41
6 8
morn
5 39
6 11
11 51
2(30
1(5
We
Battle of Winchester, 1864.
5 42
6 8
1
5 42
6 6
012
540
6 9
morn
2(51
17
Th.
Battle of Antietam, 1862.
5 43
6 6
1 10
543
6 5
1 19
541
6 7
1 2
262
18
Fri.
Fugitive slave law signed, 1850
5 44
6 4
218
5 44
6 3
2 24
5 43
6 5
2 12
263
19
Sat.
Battle of luka, 1862.
5 45
6 2
3 24
5 45
6 1
3 28
5 44
6 3
3 20
2(34
.'()
SUN.
Battle of Lexington, Va., 1861.
5 45
6 1
4 26
5 46
6
4 29
5 45
6 1
4 25
265
21
Mo.
Battle of Fisher's Hill, 1864.
5 46
5 59
5 28
5 47
5 58
5 28
5 46
5 59
5 29
2(5(5
22
Tu.
Arnold's treason, 1780.
5 47
5 57
rises
548
5 57
rises
5 47
5 57
rises
2(57
23
We.
PaulJones' victory, 1779.
5 48
5 55
621
549
555
625
5 49
5 56
6 16
2(58
2-1
Th.
Monterey captured, 1846.
5 49
5 53
6 43
5 50
5 53
6 50
5 50
5 54
6 37
269
25
Fri.
Philadelphia captured, 1777.
5 51
5 52
7 9
550
5 52
7 18
5 51
5 52
7 1
270
26
Sat.
Harrison leaves Vincen'es,1811
5 52
5 50
7 41
5 51
5 50
7 52
5 52
5 50
7 31
271
27
SUN.
Battle of Pilot Knob, 1864.
5 53
5 48
8 22
5 52
5 49
833
5 53
5 48
8 10
272
2S
Mo.
Detroit retaken, 1813.
5 54
5 46
9 12
5 53
5 47
923
5 55
546
8 59
273
29
Tu.
Andre convicted, 1780.
5 55
5 45
10 10
5 64
5 45
10 22
5 56
5 44
9 59
274
30
We.
Congress meets at York, 1777.
5 57
543
11 17
555
5 44
11 27
5 57
5 42
11 7
10th MONTH. OCTOBER. a 1 DAYS.
9
6
S
AY OK
rKEK.
October was formerly the
eighth month, and hence the
name from Octem (eighth).
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.
N. 111.. Ind., O.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul.N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
fi
O
G>
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sum Moon
sets.j B.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.&S.
H.M.
H.M. H. .M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
275
1
Th.
Jacks'n removes TJ.S.deps,1833
5 58
5 42
morn
5 56
5 42
morn
5 58
5 40
morn
276
2
Fri.
Andre hung as a spy, 1780.
5 59
5 40
30
5 57
5 41
38
6
5 38
022
277
3
Sat.
Harrison at Terre Haute, 1811
6
5 38
1 46
5 58
5 39
1 51
6 1
5 37
1 41
278
4
SUN.
Battle of Germantown, 1777.
6 1
5 36
3 2
5 59
5 3S
3 6
6 3
5 35
3
279
5
Mo.
Tecumseh killed, 1813.
6 2
5 35
4 20
6
.-> 36
421
6 4
5 33
4 20
280
(i
Tu.
Peace proclaimed, 1783.
6 3
5 33
5 39
6 1
5 34
537
6 5
5 31
5 42
281
7
We.
Bristol, R. I., bombarded, 1776.
6 4
5 31
sets
6 2
5 33
sets
6 ti
5 29
sets
282
8
Th.
First great Chicago flre. 1871,
6 5
5 29
6 12
6 3
5 32
6 20
6 8
5 2S
6 4
283
9
Fri.
Battle of Strasburg, Va., 1864.
6 6
5 28
6 54
6 4
5 30
7 5
6 9
5 26
6 44
281
10
Sat.
Naval academy opened, 184o.
6 8
5 26
7 45
6 5
5 29
7 56
6 10
5 24
7 32
285
11
SUN.
Battle Lake Cnamplain, 1776.
6 9
8 45
6 6
5 27
8 56
6 11
5 22
832
281)
12
Mo.
Battle of Resaca. Ga., 1864.
(i 10
5 23
9 51
6 7
5 2(5
10 2
6 12
5 20
9 40
287
13
Tu.
Battle of Queenstown, 1812.
6 11
5 21
11 1
6 8
524
11 10
6 14
5 19
1052
288
14
We.
Declaration of rights, 1774.
(i 12
5 20
morn
6 9
5 23
morn
6 15
5 17
morn
289
15
Th.
Great bank panic, 1857.
6 14
5 18
10
6 10
5 21
017
6 16
5 15
3
290
1(5
Fri.
Harper's F. arsen'l capt.. 1859.
6 15
5 17
1 16
6 11
5 20
1 21
6 17
5 13
1 11
291
17
Sat.
Burgoyne's surrender, 1777.
6 16
5 15
219
6 12
5 18
2 22
6 19
5 11
2 17
292
18
SUN.
Treaty with Seminoles, 1820.
6 17
5 14
3 22
6 13
5 17
323
6 20
5 10
3 22
293
19
Mo.
Cornwallis surrenders, 1781.
618
5 12
4 23
6 14
5 16
4 22
6 22
5 8
4 25
294
20
Tu.
Grant relieves Ros'ncr'ns, 1863
(i 19
5 11
5 24
6 15
5 14
5 20
6 23
5 6
5 28
295
21
We.
Earthquake at San Fran., 1868
(i 20
5 9
624
ti 16
5 13
6 19
6 24
5 4
6 31
29(5
22
Th.
Hessians arrive, 1776.
6 21
5 8
rises
6 17
5 12
rises
6 26
5 3
rises
297
23
Fri.
Topeka convent'n meets, 1855.
6 22
5 6
5 44
(3 18
5 10
5 54
6 27
5 1
5 34
298
21
Sat.
Zagonyi'sch'ge, Springf d, 1861
(5 24
5 5
6 22
6 10
5 9
6 34
6 29
5
6 11
299
25
SUN .
British evacuate R. I., 1779.
6 25
5 3
7 8
(i 20
5 8
7 19
(5 30
4 58
6 55
300
26
Mo.
Recession agreed upon, 1860.
(> 27
5 2
8 4
6 21
5 6
8 14
631
4 57
7 52
301
27
Tu.
Ram Albemarle sunk, 1864.
6 28
5
9 6
6 22
5 5
9 17
6 33
4 55
8 56
302
28
We.
Erie canal completed, 1825.
(i 29
4 59
10 14
(i 23
5 4
10 23
(i 34
4 54
10 6
303
29
Th.
McC'ellan dies, 1885.
(> 30
4 58
11 26
(i 24
5 3
11 32
6 3(5
4 52
11 20
301
30
Fri.
San Fran, bay discovered, 1769
(3 32
-1 56
morn
6 26
5 2
morn
(3 37
4 51
morn
305
31
Sat.
Gen. Scott retires, 1861.
6 33
4 55
40
16 27
5
44
6 38
4 50
36
ntn MONTH. NOVEMBER. so DAYS.
op;
c
-
S S
November, from Novem (nine),
as It was formerly the ninth
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S. Wis.. S.Mich.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St. Paul, N. E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
M
<
*! H
Q
month.
N. 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
Q
2
W 1 ^
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AJIKKICA.N HISTORY.
rises
sets.
rises
sets.'R.&s.
rises
sets.
B.&S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
306
1
sux.
Bat. French Creek, N. Y., 1813.
6 34
4 54
1 54
6 28
459
1 56
6 40
4 48
1 53
307
2
Mo.
Washington's farewell, 1783.
(5 35
4 53
3 10
6 29
458
3 9
6 41
4 47
3 12
3
Tu.
Battle of Opelousas, La., 1863.
6 36
4 52
4 28
6 30
4 57
4 24
6 43
4 45
4 32
'!()'(
I
We.
George Peabody died, 1869.
(i MS
4 50
5 49
6 31
4 56
5 43
6 44
4 44
5 57
310
5
Th.
Battle near Nashville, 1862.
639
449
sets
6 32
4 55
sets
6 45
4 43
sets
311
6
Fri.
Brownsville, Tex., taken. 1863.
6 40
448
5 30
6 33
4 54
5 41
6 47
4 41
5 19
312
7
Sat.
Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811.
6 41
447
629
6 34
4 53
640
6 48
4 40
6 16
818
8
SUN.
Confed. envoys taken, 1861.
6 42
446
736
6 36
4 52
7 48
6 50
4 38
7 25
314
9
Mo.
Battle of Talladega, Ga., 1813.
6 44
4 44
847
6 37
4 51
8 57
6 51
4 37
8 38
315
10
Tu.
Burnside takes command, 1862.
6 45
4 43
9 58
6 38
4 50
10 6
6 52
4 36
9 51
31(5
11
We.
Cherry Valley massacre, 1778.
6 46
4 42
11 6
6 39
4 49
11 11
6 54
4 35
11 1
317
12
Th.
Montreal taken, 1775.
6 47
4 41
morn
6 40
448
morn
6 55
434
morn
318
13
Fri.
Provisional govt. in Tex., 1835.
648
440
10
641
448
14
6 57
4 33
8
319
14
Sat.
U. S. Christian com. org., 1861.
6 50
4 40
1 13
6 42
4 47
1 15
6 58
432
1 13
320
15
SUX.
Articles conf'n adopted, 1777.
6 51
4 39
2 14
6 43
4 46
2 13
6 59
431
2 16
321
Hi
Mo.
Manistee lost, 1883.
6 52
438
3 15
6 44
4 45
3 12
7
430
3 19
322
17
Tu.
Battle Knoxville, Tenn., 1863.
653
437
4 15
6 45
4 45
4 11
7 2
4 29
421
323
18
We.
Standard time adopted. 1883.
6 54
436
5 18
6 47
4 44
5 12
7 3
428
526
324
19
Th.
Gettysb'g cem. dedicated, 1863.
6 56
4 36
6 22
6 48
4 44
613
7 4
4 27
6 32
325
20
Fri.
British take Ft. Lee, 1776.
(5 57
4 35
rises
6 49
4 43
rises
7 5
426
rises
32(5
21
Sat.
Surrender Fredricksliurg, 1862.
6 58
4 34
5 6
6 50
4 42
5 17
7 7
425
4 54
327
22
SUX.
Ft. George captured, 1780,
659
433
6
6 51
442
6 11
7 8
4 25
5 48
328
32!!
23
21
Mo.
Tu.
Fight at Chattanooga. 1863.
Battle Columbia, Tenn., 1764.
7
7 2
433
4 32
7
8 7
6 52
6 53
4 41
4 41
7 11
8 16
7 10
7 11
4 24
4 23
649
7 58
330
25
We.
Ft. Duquesne taken, 1755.
7 3
4 32
9 17
6 54
4 40
9 24
7 12
4 22
9 10
331
2(5
Th.
Sojourner Truth died, 1883.
7 4
4 31
10 28
6 55
4 40
10 32
7 13
422
10 23
332
27
Fri.
Utah declar'd in rebellion, 1857
7 5
431
11 39
6 56
439
11 42
7 15
421
11 37
333
28
Sat.
Ft. Rosalie massacre, 172!).
7 6
4 30
morn
6 57
4 39
morn
7 16
421
morn
334
29
SUN.
Savannah, Ga., taken, 1778.
7 8
4 30
051
658
439
051
7 17
4 20
52
335
30
Mo.
Battle of Franklin, Tenn. .1863.
7 9
4 29
2 6
659
439
2 3
7 18
4 20
2 9
ism MONTH. DECEMBER. 31 DAYS.
LY OF 1
'EAR.
6
?,
AY OF
fEEK.
December, from Decem (ten),
the Roman Calender terming it
the tenth month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.,
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Louis, S. III.,
Va., Ky., Mo..
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
or
&F
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AMERICAN HISTORY.
rises
sets.
B.&8.
rises
sets.
H.A-.S.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
336
1
Tu.
Habeas corp. re-estab., 1865.
ffd
H.M.
4 29
H. M.
3 23
H.M.
7
H.M.
439
H. M.
3 18
H.M.
7 19
H.M.
4 20
H.M.
3 29
337
2
We.
Execution John Brown, 1859.
7 11
4 29
4 43
7 1
438
4 36
7 21
4 19
4 52
338
3
Th.
Revolutionary army dis., 1783.
7 12
4 29
6 4
7 2
438
5 54
7 22
4 19
6 15
33!
1
Fri.
Senateexp'ls Breck nri'ge.1861
7 13
4 28
sets
7 3
4 38
sets
7 23
4 19
sets
340
5
Sat.
Worcester, Masf ., taken, 1786.
7 14
4 28
5 13
7 4
438
524
7 24
4 19
5 1
341
(5
SUX.
Anti-slavery soc, org., 1833.
7 15
4 28
625
7 5
4 38
6 36
7 25
4 19
615
342
7
Mo.
Bat. Prairie Grove, Ark., 1862,
7 16
1 2S
7 38
7 6
4 38
747
7 26
4 18
7 30
3 13
8
Tu.
British take N'port, K. I., 1776.
717
4 28
849
7 7
4 38
8 55
7 27
4 18
8 43
344
9
We.
Battle of Great Bridge. 1775.
717
4 28
9 58
7 7
4 38
10 2
7 28
4 18
954
315
10
Th.
Savannah besieged, 1864.
718
1 28
11 2
7 8
438
11 4
7 29
4 18
11 1
346
1 1
Fri.
Burnside cross's Bap'nook.lSSi
7 19
1 28
morn
7 9
439
morn
7 30
4 18
morn
317
12
Sat.
Battle Franklin, Tenn., 1862.
720
4 28
4
7 10
439
4
7 30
4 19
5
318
13
srx.
Ft. McAllister taken, 1864.
721
4 28
1 5
7 10
4 39
1 3
7 31
4 19
1 8
319
11
Mo.
Kan.-Xeb. bill submitted, 1853.
721
4 29
2 6
7 11
4 39
2 2
7 32
4 19
2 12
350
15
Tu.
Hartford convent'n me'ts,1814
7 22
4 29
3 9
7 12
4 40
3 3
7 33
4 19
3 17
351
1(5
We.
Boston " tea party," 17f3.
7 23
429
4 12
7 13
4 40
4 4
7 33
4 19
422
352
17
Th.
Battle Goldsboro, N.C., 1863.
724
429
5 15
7 13
440
5 5
7 34
420
5 26
353
18
Fri.
Battle Mississiniwa, Ind., 1812.
724
430
6 17
7 14
4 40
6 6
7 34
4 20
6 30
351
1!)
Sat.
Am. army atVall'y For'e, 1777.
7 25
4 30
7 15
7 14
441
7 4
7 35
4 20
7 30
355
20
srx.
Battle Dranesville, Va., 1861.
7 25
4 31
rises
7 15
4 41
rises
7 36
4 21
rises
35(5
21
Mo.
Sherm'n reaches Savan'h. 1KT4
7 26
4 31
5 59
7 15
4 42
6 9
7 3(5
4 21
550
357
>).j
Tu.
The embargo act passed, 1807.
7 2(5
4 32
7 9
7 16
4 42
7 17
7 37
4 22
7 2
358
23
We.
Washington resigns, 1783.
7 27
4 32
8 20
7 16
4 43
8 25
7 37
4 22
8 15
359
21
Th.
Treaty of Ghent, 1814.
727
4 33
9 30
7 17
4 44
9 34
7 38
4 23
9 28
3(i(i:25: Fri.
Amnesty proclaimed. 1868.
7 28
433
10 41
7 17
4 44
10 42
7 38
4 24
1041
3(5 2(5 Sat.
Battle of Trenton, 1776.
7 28
4 34
11 53
7 18
4 45
11 51
7 38
4 25
11 56
3(52,27 srx.
Washington made dictat'r,1776
7 28
4 35
morn
7 18
4 45
morn
7 39
4 25
morn
3(53
28
Mo.
Mason and Slidel sur., 18(53.
7 28
4 3(5
1 7
7 18
4 46
1 4
7 39
4 26
1 13
3(51
M)
Tu.
Battle Mossy Cre'k.Tenn.. 1Sa*i
7 29
4 3(5
2 24
7 19
4 46
2 18
7 39
4 27
2 32
3(55
30
We.
Mexican Gadsden cession, 1S53
7 29
4 37
3 42
7 19
4 48
3 33
7 3!)
4 27
3 52
386
31
Th.
Battle of Quebec, 1775.
729
4 38
4 59
7 19
4 48
4 48
7 39
428
5 11
<a &ea&s=&eference (Ealtnlrar "
For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the
Introduction of the New Style, 1752* to 1952 Inclusive.
YEARS 1753 TO 1952.
1
1
1
|
i
1
=i
I
Ba
S
3
*j
a.
$
ti
R
^>
<
1
1761
1801
1762
1802
1T67
1807
1778
1818
1789
1829
1795
1835
1846
1857
1903
1863
1914
1874
1925
1885
1931
1891
1942
4
3
T
3
*
1
3
6
3
4
1
2
1773
1813
1779
1819
TrrT
1825
1790
1830
1841
1847
1853
1858
1909
1869
1915
1875
1026
1886
1937
1897
1943
5
I
1
i
t
4
T
8
5
I
3
1757
1803
175T
1805
I75T
1806
1763
1814
1785
1831
1791
1842
1859
1910
1870
1921
1881
1927
1887
1938
1898
1949
6
2
3
i
T
8
6
1
4
9
3
4
1765
1811
1771
1822
1782
1833
1793
1839
1799
1850
1901
1861
1907
1867
1918
1878
1929
1889
1935
1895
1946
2
5
6
3
t
1
4
7
2
i
7
1766
1817
1777
1823
1783
1834
1794
1845
1S()U
1851
1902
1862
1913
1873
1919
1879
1930
1890
1941
1947
~8
6
6
t
4
~
8
5
1
3
t
1
i 1758
1809
1769
1815
1775
1826
1786
1837
1797
1843
1854
1905
1865
1911
1871
1922
1882
1933
1893
1939
1899
1950
I
a
8
8
I
4
6
2
E
7
I
6
1753
1810
1759
1821
1770
1827
1781
1838
1787
1849
1798
1855
1866
1906
1877
1917
1883
1923
1894
1934
1900
1945
1951
1
4
4
1
2
, r >
7
3
t
1
4
6
LEAP YEARS.
29
1768
1796
1808
1836
1864
1892
1904
1932
5
i
3
5
V
1
3
I
1
i
4
1
i
4
2
6
4
1772
177C,
1780
1812
1816
1820
1840
1844
1848
1868
1872
1876
1896
1908
1912
1916
1936
1940
1944
3
1
6
8
4
a
7
6
3
8
i
6
ft
8
1
1
8
4
3
1
;
(i
4
2
2
7
5
4
2
7
7
5
3
2
7
5
1756
1760
1
178
178
i
3
1824
1828
2
18
If
162
156
1880
1884
3
1920
1924
4
1948
1952
4
2
5
7
g
1
6
4
2
(i
4
(
3
7
4
2
7
5
8
1
6
3
7
1
a
3
1
Monday.... 1
Tuesday.... 2
Wednesday 3
Thursday.. 4
Friday 5
Saturday... 6
Sunday 7
Monday 8
Tuesday.... 9
WednesdaylO
Thur8day-.il
Friday 12
Saturday... 13
Sunday 14
Monday.... 15
Tuesday.... 16
Wednesdayl7
Thursday.. 18
Friday 19
Saturday... 20
Sunday... 21
Monday 22
Tuesday.... 23
Wednesday24
Thursday.. 25
Friday 26
Saturday... 27
Sunday.... 28
Monday 29
Tuesday.... 30
WcdnesdaySl
Tuesday.... 1
Wednesday 2
Thursday.. 3
Friday 4
Saturday... 5
Sunday 6
Monday 7
Tuesday.... 8
Wednesday 9
Thursday.. 10
Friday 11
Saturday... 12
Sunday 13
Monday 14
Tuesday.... 16
WednesdaylG
Thursday.. 17
Friday 18
Saturday... 19
Sunday 20
Monday 21
Tuesday.... 22
Wednesday23
Thursday.. 24
Friday 25
Saturday... 26
Sunday ... .27
Monday 28
Tuesday.... 29
WednesdaySO
Thursday.. 31
Wednesday 1
Thursday.. 2
Friday 8
Saturday... 4
Sunday 5
Monday 6
Tuesday 7
Wednesday 8
Thursday.. 9
Friday 10
Saturday... 11
Sunday 12
Monday.... 13
Tuesday.. ..14
Wednesdayl5
Thursday.. 16
Friday 17
Saturday... 18
Sunday 19
Monday.... 20
Tuesday.... 21
Wednesday22
Thursday.. 23
Friday 24
Saturday.. .25
Sunday. . . .26
Monday 27
Tuesday.... 28
Wednesdays'.*
Thursday.. 30
Friday 31
Thursday.. 1
Friday 2
Saturday... 3
Sunday 4
Monday 5
Tuesday.... 6
Wednesday 7
Thursday.. 8
Friday 9
Saturday... 10
Sunday 11
Monday.... 12
Tuesday.. ..13
Wednesday^
Thursday.. 15
Friday 16
Saturday... 17
Sunday 18
Monday 19
Tuesday.... 20
Wednesday21
Thursday.. 22
Friday 23
Saturday.. .24
Sunday 25
Monday 26
Tuesday.. ..27
Wednesday28
Thursday. .29
Friday 30
Saturday... 31
Friday 1 !
Saturday... 2 .
Sunday.... 3
Monday. . . . 4 '
Tuesday.... 5 1
Wednesday 6 '
Thursday.. 7
Friday 8i
Saturday... 9
Sunday 10
Monday....!] '
Tuesday.... 12
Wednesdays '
Thursday.. 14 1
Friday 15 i
Saturday... 16
Sunday 17|
Monday 18 '
Tuesday.... 19 "*
Wednesday^ '
Thursday. .21 1
Friday 22 S
Saturday... 23 <
Sunday 24 1
Monday.... 25 '
Tuesday.. ..26 ^
Wednesday27 '
Thursday. .28 ]
Friday 29
Saturday... 80 i
Sunday.... SI 1
Saturday... ]
Sunday.... '
Monday 5
Tuesday.... t
Vednesday .'
^hursday.. 6
Friday '<
Saturday... f
Sunday.... $
Monday.... 1(
Tuesday....!]
Vednesdayl!
^hursday..l3
Friday 14
Saturday... 1{
Sunday.... 1<
Monday 17
Tuesday If
Vednesdayl!
'hursday.^
Friday 21
Jaturday... 22
Sunday. . . .23
Monday. . . .24
'uesday....25
iVednesday26
'hursday..27
>lday 28
aturday...29
Sunday. . . .30
Monday 31
Sunday.... 1
Monday 2
Tuesday.... 3
Wednesday 4
Thursday.. 5
Friday 6
Saturday... 7
Sunday 8
Monday 9
Tuesday.. ..10
Wednesdayll
Thursday.. 12
Friday 13
Saturday... 14
Sunday 16
Mom ay 16
Tuesday.... 171
WednesdaylS
Thursday. .19
Friday 20
Saturday... 21
Sunday 22
Monday 23
Tuesday.... 24,
Wednc8day25
Thursday.. 26
Friday 27
Saturday. ..38
Sunday 29
Monday 30
Tuesday.... 31
NOTE. To ascertain any day of the week first look in the table for the year required and
under the months are figures which refer to the corresponding figures at the head of the
columns of days below. For Example: To know on what day of the week July 4 was in the
year 189n. in the table of years look for 181)5, and in a parallel line, under July, is figure 1, which
directs to column 1, in which it will be seen that July 4 falls on Thursday.
1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2. From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept. 3-13 were
omitted). This Calendar is from Whitaker's London Almanack, with some revisions.
12 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, WITH RATE OF DUTY,
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1895, compared with the corresponding period of 1894.
[Abbreviation: n. e. s., not elsewhere specified.]
NOTE. The new arrangement, combining free and dutiable is made to conform to the
tariff classification which took effect August 28, 1894.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Agricultural i mplements free
Jl,280
Animals Cattle free No
312
1,280
1,516
4,650
2,537
240,031
$5,349
13,355
836,157
483,415
63,022
725,159
186,339
14,a")6
134,825
1,263
11,833
1,942
288,519
99,104
666,749
417,664
637,527
30,885
651,733
173,468
61,162
Do dut No
Horses free. .No
Do dut No
Sheep free.. No.
2(1<?
Do dut.. No
All other, including fowls free
20$
Do dut
88,450
Total... .. H re t e
1,090,867
1,310.379
721,121
2,017,171
25
30 <
Antimony ore, and regulus or metal... free.. Ibs.
Articles, the growth, produce and manufacture
of the U. 8., returned, n. e. s free
2,543,924
240,810
2,990,196
187,326
2,292,205
3,ti55,817
187,250
266,956
230,943
247,863
1,750,810
1,580,827
132,126
Do dut
1484,1*1
Asphaltum or bitumen, crude free tons
77,449
46,269
203,883
212,350
194,632
1,875.286
1,584,182
167,270
85,646
47,336
Bolting cloths free
Books, music, maps, engravings, etch-
ings, photographs, and other
printed matter free
Do dut
Brass, and manufactures of dut
Breadstuffs Barley dut...bu.
791,061
2,199
8,345
358,744
1,508
3,928
2,116,816
16.525
308.308
867,743
7,552
80,901
Corn dut...bu.
Oats .. dut...bu.
... . 20%
20$
Oatmeal dut. .Ibs.
421,459
50
1,181,060
401
24,483
37
769,177
1,946
220,462
296,176
12,918
1,429.993
1,868
21,993
6,272
888.965
8,295
314,897
682,831
2,859.449
1556
Rye dut...bu.
20%
Wheat dut...bu.
Wheat flour dut.brls.
20j
All other, and preparations of, used as food
....7^clb.
35$
1056
.8c 100 Ibs.
2556
1056
821,602
Total
2,201,887
Bristles Crude, not sorted, hunched, or pre-
4,741
1,296,753
1,301,494
1,892
1,242,259
1,244,151
892,520
892,520
929,231
929,231
Total
559,767
464,912
3,265,087
1059971593
660.583
1,070,733
3,409.937
Cement, Roman, Portland, and other
hydraulic dut. .Ibs
1015133873
Chemicals, Drugs, and Dyes Alizarin and aliz-
arin colors or dyes, natural or artificial,
including extract of madd er free . . Ibs.
Argal, or argol, or crude tartar free.. Ibs.
Barks, cinchona, or other, from which qui-
nine may be extracted free. .Ibs.
Coal-tar colors and dyes dut
Cochineal free. . Ibs.
3,959,572
22,373,180
2,497,439
""101,284
722,265
1,501,200
143,249
1,499,978
28,124
5,294,467
27,911,112
1,911.489
"'134,205
870,768
1,893,730
117,297
2,549,350
38,568
Dyewoods Logwood free. tons
53,705
1,313,376
136,907
60,731
1.487,291
102.482
264,223
l,853,99f
All other free
Extracts and decoctions of .dut. .Ibs.
Total
i .2,582,646
189,197
1.1)39,480
3,711,315
..ItoSclb.
Glycerine dut. .Ibs.
8,321,853
1.089.589
1,323,932
27.397,460
4,868,681
519,296
108,8e,8
309.407
981,329
996,706
2.783,420
5,179,730
13,488.825
1,461,239
1.500,739
29,122.203
6,401,060
784,613
139,055
284,968
963,255
1,288,501
2,s84,543
5,560.322
Gambler or terra japonica free.. Ibs.
Shellac free. .Ibs.
All other free. .Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Indigo free. .Ibs.
],7ia534
70,158,301
81,610,463
1,627,965
716,881
1,218,576
1,209,728
1,507,076
356,416
1,691.914
3,960.758
83,281,275
100.256,774
2,047,542
358,455
2.015,975
1,404,563
1,644.835
460,929
730,669
Licorice root free. .Ibs.
Lime, chloride of, or bleaching pow-
der free. .Ibs.
Mineral waters, all not artificial free.gals.
Opium, crude or unmanufactured... .free. .Ibs.
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 13
IMPORTS FEEE AND DUTIABLE.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Valves.
Quant's.
Values.
Prepared for smoking and other containing
less than 9% of morphia dut. .Ibs.
Potash Chlorate of free.. Ibs.
Muriate of free. .Ibs.
50,102
4,131,180
81,011,438
9,071,217
21,123547
116,537,382
$310,771
520,571
1,280,795
251,418
543,716
2,596,500
139.765
4,505,575
89,773,02!)
8.735,290
29,912,624
132,926.518
?920,OOC
488,539
1,301,115
240,031
757,80b
2,847,491
....16 alb.
....l^clb.
J4c lb'
Nitrate of, or saltpeter, crude free. .Ibs.
All other free.. Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Soda Caustic dut. .Ibs.
38,987,832
88.079
16,893,700
256,293.395
14,829,622
850,753
2.7S5.04S
120.794
2,520,921
104,800
6,382,316
56,853,959
124,803
28.760,028
300.59St.257
11,803,171
1.044,80!
4,124,712
167,267
2,367,10P
141,070
7,844,967
Nitrate of free. tons
Sal soda dut . . Ibs.
Soda ash dut. .Ibs.
All other salts of dut. .Ibs.
Total
Quinia, sulphate of, and all alkaloids or salts
of cinchona bark free...oz.
2,485,490
86,965
8,383570
171,556
488.929
1,3'!7,9U)
192,64?
727,853
4,486,110
3,810,106
27,433,907
10.119.2ffi
1,420,649
126,860
12,179,203
137,196
342,348
1,091.301
235,157
495,273
4.497,000
4,753,352
30,325,615
Sumac, ground dut. .Ibs.
Vanilla beans free. .Ibs.
Allother free
Do dut
Total chemlcals.drugs & dyes. j J"^ 6
Chicory root, raw, unground free. Ibs.
fl tun.
25%
7,951,042
67,330
' 1448,454
17.634,779
108,892
526,543
101,648
1,098,972
3,704,113
2,402,382
9,544,180
91,266
' '1,254,666
29,307,048
158,142
679,637
306,825
1,012,696
3,838,653
3,195.811
Clocks and Watches and Parts of Clocks and
parts of dut
Watches, and watch materials, and move-
ments dut
Coal, bituminous dut. tons
25%
....40c ton
35%
...Various
...Various
...Various
. ..Various
. ..Various
...Various
...Various
...Various
...Various
30%
35%
..Various
....Scdoz.
35%
30%
Cocoa, or cacao, crude, and leaves and shells
of free.. Ibs.
Coffee free. .Ibs.
531,705,072
19,229,265
550,934,337
87,173,108
3,141,568
90,314,676
645.699,535
6,502,774
652,202.309
95,085.770
1,043,556
96,129,326
Do dut. .Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Copper and Manufactures of Ore (fine copper
contained therein) dut. .Ibs.
7,251,157
494,422
1,158,881
5,792
71,486
295,007
Ore andregulus free. tons
Pigs, bars, Ingots, old and other unmanufac-
3,809,595
913,637
295,423
75,0&3
64,383
434,839
3,571,206
312,934
53,544
366,478
Total, not including ore
Cork wood, or cork bark, unm'nf'ctr'd .free
985,913
3,003,888
95,565
3,385,241
3.480.801;
1,049,073
4,714,817
125,816
5,428,243
5,554.059
Cotton and Manufactures of Unman-
27,705,949
1,152,798
27,172,415
28,325,213
49,362,787
1,444,421
45,342,529
46,780.950
Manufactures of Cloth Not bleached,
dyed, colored, stained, painted or
Bleached, dyed, colored, stained, .painted or
Total dut.sq.yd
Clothing, ready-made, and other articles of
wearing apparel, etc dut
Knit Goods Stockings, hose, half-hose, shirts,
drawers, etc dut
1,658,778
4,360,655
8,021,769
326,224
4,498,315
22.346.547
1,784,855
2,766,777
6,534,014
11,686,064
658,702
5,995,722
33,195.338
Laces, edgings, embroideries, insertings, neck
millings, etc dut
Thread (not on spools), yarn, warps or warp
747,038
All other dut
Total manufactures
Earthen, Stone and China Ware China, porce-
lain, parian and bisque, earthen, stone, ant!
crockery ware Not decorated or orna-
mented dut
Decorated or ornamented dut
All other dut
Total
1,258,881
5,222.075
398,481
6,879,437
2.053.759
6,585.000
316,615
8,956.034
EJIKS dut doz
1,791,430
199,536
2,709,411
324,133
1,722,638
415,299
1.741,258
Feathers and downs, crude, not dressed, colored
or manufactured free
Feathers and downs, natural, dressed, colored
or manufactured, and dressed and finished
birds for millinery ornaments dut
Feathers, flowers, fruits, grains and leaves,
artificial, for millinery use dut
726,692
^727.996
14 CHICAGO DALLY NEWS A T.MAN' AC FOB 1896.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant' i.
Values.
Quant's.
Valuta.
uB
23379
!". -i."
114,799
927389
H
2L598
72.403
154.976
865,070
1.092.449
[box
.10to2^c
Ifclb.
Mclb.
c Ib".
Me Ib.
All other free. tons
Total
L139.294
' Fish Fresh Salmon free ..Ibs.
Do dut. .Ibs.
i.63i",336
"l,SK
827.873
556,109
JH
50.213
1.028.4^
341.3S2
765,716
499^45
56JW7
L031.473
994,427
44.879
560.516
5.473.LS3
All other l....free..
Do dut. . Ibs.
413,043
976552
509.395
77.079
982.311
1.133.509
84.715
340.136
4.643.746
Cured or Preserved Anchovies and sardines,
packed in oil or otherwise dut
Cod. haddock, hake and pollock, dried.
13.406.193
3.227.806
29.180.tiOO
19,655.600
1,107,061
12387.146
2.839.305
." mum
19,019.649
681x577
Herring Dried or smoked dut.. Ibs.
Pickled or salted dut. .Ibs.
Mackerel, pickled or salted dut-.lbs.
All other dut
Total
Fruits, Including Nuts Bananas free
Currants. free.. Ibs.
52,6641843
5.122.503
774302
MB i - :
am
187.024
5.065
311 ATT
567.430
3.917^36
1597,266
527.615
651.420
570.568
657.262
1.068.073
5.408.S43
9318^19
4310.129
'169.190
15.018,599
11355390
Do dut. .Ibs.
Dates . , , , free Ibs
12,406^92
387.586
Do- dut Ibs.
Figs . dut Ibs
75S5,959
392.040
4,285278
...l^clb.
51.50 per M
H40perM
...... .30%
Oranges dut. .
1.127.005
9.906.122
13.751.050
416.342
.V4 :
526 .561
1320.274
1.160.31U
8.105.165
14,352.057
15521478
Rai*ins ... dut Ibs
All other fruits free
Do dut
Total fruits |^t
...Various
. .3 to 5c Ib.
an
...Various
30$
...Various
...Various
. .Various
. .Various
. .Various
. .Various
. .Various
. .Various
...Various
...Various
12 ton
Sclb.
Nuts Almonds dut- .Ibs.
7,436,784
769.453
796,777
7503^75
810.439
59.033
412.961
7J0.41U
5.467.876
U 772,029
Cocoannts free.. .
Do _ dut... .
631.759
All other- dut..
Total fruits and nuts | < dut""
-.-.--. .-4-:
9362.329
Furs Fur skins, undressed: and dressed, suit-
able only for hatters'furs free.. .
2,641.205
4 .'-'''. '-
3.320.053
7.002.104
Furs and manufactures of dut
Glass and Glassware Bottles, vials, demijohns.
506.183
14)67,787
22U314
, 1 !
75-lOt;
2,272.215
531504
835.730
61^12
782,778
- ..:
684.131
16,740
3.605,176
Cylinder, crown and common window glass,
unpolished dut. .Ibs
52.437,068
102.4S
1556.605
243.236
40,796^79
297,362
3.173.574
,." M
3.075.491
46,051
Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsil-
Silvered .dut.sq.ft
Plate glass, fluted, rolled or rough dnt.sq.ft
All other dut
TotaL
34.425.625
LMtM
959426
2J25.47Q
Hair U nmanuf actured free
839572
122,466
962.438
Total
Hats. Bonnets, and Hoods Materials for. com
2,017.678
2.755.450
1.433.7161
TT*y ..... dnt. tfms
86,784!
761540
201.900
Hides and Skins, Other than Fur Skins Goat
skins free.. Ibs
Goatskins (sec. 3, act of Oct. 1, 1890).. dut.. Ibs
' "i.7sais3
8,170563
- 4 ---':.
~4 :V '"
10.394345
59.982
15.(T67.104
i - :
Bt : |
tut
All other (sec, 3. act of Oct. L.1890) dut.. Ibs
Total Ibs
6.014.559
534Jfl
: Km
Hops dut . . Ibs.
828.022
484,411
2.775562
. ..--.-
599.744
2.242.961
Household and personal effects, and wearing
apparel in use, etc free
India rubber A gutta-percha.A manufactures of -
Unmanufactured Gutta-percha..free~lbs
496.763
33.757.7S
34.25o.54t
84.340
15.077593
' | ...
i m
41.130,667
122 J61
IUMJM
18,477 .ObT
Total unmanufactured Ibs
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 15
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values
Quant's.
Values.
Manufactures of Gutta-percha dut
India rubber dut
$30.654
309,308
339,962
$71,199
315,902
387.101
301,
30<J
Total manufactures
. . . -40c ton
. . .$4 a ton
. . .?4 a ton
...Various
...Various
...Various
...Various'
...Various i
.'.".4-lOclb."
...Various I
....l&c Ib.
Iron and Steel and Manufactures of Iron
ore dut. tons
218,550
388,720
262,703
379.682
Plgiron dut ton"
25,763
2.822
22,763,623
2,178
1,792,392
2,225,690
27,880.946
60,523,632
454.161X826
56,228,155
8,710,399
735,811
462,384
585,988
45,967
421,997
42,325
32,032
64,158
820.541
1,191,045
11,969,518
993,802
475,083
47,805
25,120
805,799
1221710
1,419,512
53.302
1,494,164
14,174
2,882
28,953,460
784
386,555
37502
502,346
11,237
Scrap iron and steel, fit only to be remanu-
factured dut tons
Bar iron, rolled or hammered dut. .Ibs.
Bars, railway, of iron or steel, or in part of
steel dut tons
Hoops or ties for baling purposes, barrel
hoops, etc dut Ibs
Hoop, band or scroll iron or steel dut. .Ibs.
Ingots, blooms, slabs, billets and bars of steel
and steel informs n. e. s dut.. Ibs.
Sheet, plate and taggers iron or steel. dut. .Ibs.
Ties for baling cotton free. .Ibs
Tin plates, terne plates and tag-
gers tin dut Ibs
386,515
30,107,846
11,'Out
508,428,938
50,514,198
13.421.195
956;202
10,879
1.098,556
1,114,636
120
12,144.080
934,359
679,120
75,467
l,854;8(tt
65,594
Wire rods of iron or steel dut.. Ibs.
Wire and wire rope and strand. Iron
or steel dnt Ibs.
Manufactures Anvils dut. .Ibs
Chains .. . .dut Ibs
Cutlery dut. . . .
...Various
Files, file blanks, rasps and floats., .dut
Firearms dut
458,462
291,026
Needles, hand sewing and darning. f ree. . . .
Machinery dut
Shotgun bar'ls.forged, rough-bored free
48.278 > '
1,637,246
. ..Various
All other i . . .dut
Total, not including ore
21,314,489
23,0375371
Ivory Animal free Ibs
123.843
7,220,79s)
374,685
101,397
566567
498,000
4,844,809
4,270,573
2,335.609
683
259.364
8,050,128
769,716,
89,437
562,890
653,378
6,858,465
35%
Vegetable free Ibs
Jewelry, manufactures of gold and silver, and
precious stones Diamonds and other pre-
cious stones, rough or uncut, etc. free. .
Jewelry, and manufactures of gold and
silver dut
Precious stones, and imitations of, not
set dut
Lead, and Manufactures of As reported pre-
vious to January, 1894. dut
.%c Ib
Pigs. bars, old, and other in ore (since Janu-
ary, 1894) dnt.. Ibs.
43,266,839
74^)66,752
2,485.920
2,664
Iclb.
Manufactures of (since Jauary, 1894). .dut
Leather, and Manufactures of Leather Bend
or belting and sole leather. .. dut
16,459
384,796
256,505
527,427
3,728555
2,351,156
6,863.343
Calfskins, tanned or tanned and dressed, and
patent, enameled, and japanned.. dnt
m
2,484,740
1.622,335
4,508.330
10%
Upper leather, dressed, and skins, dressed
and finished dnt
Total leather
20%
...Various
. .Various
Manufactures of Gloves, of kid or other
leather. dnt
All other dut
4,412,597
495518
4,907.815
6,463.872
491,804
Total manufactures
6,955.676
....SOcgal.
....15cgal.
...Various
...Various
40%
Malt Barley dut...bn.
5.0K
5.676
11,069
7.4<6
Malt Liquors In bottles or jugs dut.gals.
In other coverings dut.gals.
931.172
1.979,368
2.910,540
885,537
625,230
1.510.767
937.443
2,027,737
2.965,180
898,634
614,808
1.508.442
Total gals
Marble and Stone, and Manufactures of Mar-
ble, and manufactures of dut
Stone.and manufactures of, including
slate dnt
807,141
481,855
1.288.996
847,481
391574
UMJttt
Total
f
Matting for floors, manufactured from round
or split straw, including Chinese
matting free
Metals. Ketal Compositions, and Manufactures
of Bronze manufactures dut
1.874,977
1,638.630
523,57^
477317
3.750.07-1
All other dut
40%
Total
16 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Mineral substances dut
Musical Instruments dut
Oils Animal or rendered Whale and
flsh dut. gals.
$180,856
619,466
$57,008
918,170
25*
25*
25*
569,835
3,697
179,556
1,232
258,944
1,464
20
942,723
775,046
161,981
469
9
35,785
952,405
2,053,067
516,833
Other dut. gals.
25jg
35*
Do dut. gals.
194,028
757,478
26,751
909,897
1,336,802
393.995
914,023
Vegetable Fixed or expressed
Olive, salad dut.gals.
Other free
35*
Do ....dut.gals.
438,360
1,126,876
272,074
5,119,499
...Various
...Various
35*
40*
..10 to 50*
. . .15*
Do dut.gals.
1,133,255
188,085
3,950,341
Total
68,717
1.178,207
Do dut
Paper Stock, crude Rags, other than
woolen free. .Ibs.
980,715
49,089,521
739,602
2,308.492
3.048,094
74,776.703
1,175,778
2,610,248
3,786,026
All other free
Total
Paper, and manufactures of dut
Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc dut
Pipes and smokers' articles dut. .....
""2,995
7,935
2,028.351
427,850
314,578
397,037
410,819
"'3,982
7,051
2,863,477
603,730
412,422
522,396
208,935
Plumbago free, tons
Provisions, Comprising Meat and Dairy Prod-
uctsMeat products Meat and meat ex-
tracts . dut
412,666
479,a36
5,244
12,930
1,450,657
80,491
2,028,653
All other . . ...dut
12,291
23,356
1.247,198
102,336
"*72,i48
10,276,293
15*
4c Ib.
4clb.
2clb.
....IKclb.
%c Ib
Dairy Products Butter dut. .Ibs.
144,346
8,742,851
Cheese dut. .Ibs.
Milk dut
Total
1,797,847
Rice ..; dut.. Ibs
77,695,053
9,115,483
55,351,281
142,161,817
1,183,662
357,a30
833,843
2,374,835
136,106,809
5,144.087
78,262,487
2,125,052
228,380
1,091,532
Rice (free under reciprocity treaty with Ha-
waiian Islands free. .Ibs.
Rice flour, rice meal and broken rice..dut. .Ibs.
Total Ibs.
219,513,383
3,444,964
....20c bu.
...Various
50*
50*
45*
45?
35<j
392.129,775
104,392,326
496^22,101
561,490
119,312
680.802
345,479,066
345,479,066
592,722
592,722
Total Ibs.
Seeds Linseed or flaxseed dut. .bu.
592,820
701,866
l,328.11t;
4,166,223
4,554,485
1,336,105
644,991
All other ' free
Do dut
t
365,621
Silk and Manufactures of Unmanufactured-
Cocoons free.. Ibs.
181,824
4,956,875
763,786
5,902,485
112,385
15,627,822
493,075
16,234,182
320,621
7,974.810
1,021,029
!),316,4PO
139,042
22,029,088
457,946
22,626,056
Raw, or as reeled from the cocoon. ..free. .Ibs.
"Waste free. .Ibs.
Total unmanufactured Ibs.
Manufactures of Clothing, ready-made, and
other wearing apparel dut
Dress and piece goods dut
Laces and embroideries dut
Ribbons dut
All other dut
1,496,699
9,695,863
2.:f:u,22l
1,068,116
10,235,871
1,813,323
9,774,920
3.956,270
1,128,813
14,532,114
31,205,440
Total manufactures
Soap Fancy, perfumed and all descriptions of
24,811,773
693,760
294,870
283,940
578,810
748,038
240,930
312.328
553,258
All other dut
Total
10*
3clb.
.. $1.80 gal.
...Various
Spices Unground Nutmegs; free. .Ibs
Pepper, black or white free. .Ibs.
Al 1 other free . . Ibs,
1.140,878
12,7b4,215
14,857,688
1.664.246
30.427,027
395.977
665,576
943,155
257,845
2.262.553
1,651,280
20,600,628
17.876.968
2,066,481
42,085,357
513,339
791,260
1,002,746
271.533
2,638,878
Allother dut .Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Spirits, Distilled Of domestic manufacture, re-
turned (subject to internal rove-
1,060,627
201,433
893,131
2.155.191
910,526
568.458
931,146
2,410.130
770,124
313.327
1,128,074
2.2 11. 525
670,292
813,882
1.214.986
2,729.110
Bran dy. dut .pr.gl
All other dut.pr.gl
Total pr.gl.
Sponges dut
25U.446I
35U.OUS 10*
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 17
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Sugar, Molasses, and Confectionery-
Molasses free. gals.
19,670,663
$1,984,778
2.804,550
12,271,329
63,155.50!,
284321,230
1064124275
2104657159
30,360,868
8,580,465
19,335,953
1127279777
2447155675
$211,143
1,084,003
1,445,349
5,547,933
28,154,631
39,681,881
..2&4cgal.
40%
. . .Various
40<5&!^clb.
35%
. . . .V4c lb.
Iclb.
...Various
. . .10$
Molasses above 40o polariscopic test. .dut.gals.
Sugar Not above No. 16 Dutch stand-
ard In color Beet sugar free. .Ibs.
Do dut. .Ibs.
510,350,276
15,793,041
3775878029
108,842,016
Above No. 16 Dutch standard Beet
743,570
243,564
All above No. 16 (kind not specified),
as reported previous to Sept., 1894. dttt. .Ibs.
Total ..} f n e( Hh!'
58,965,576
4286228305
58,965,576
2,236,832
124,635,057
2,236,832
644,629
29,599,980
46,861,577
42,215
14,144,243
9*7',249,8i6
30,745
13,170.924
Tea free. .Ibs,
93,518,717
Textile Grasses and Vegetable Fibers and Man-
ufactures of Unmanufactured Flax, and
5,008
2,225
6,177
777
9,827
110,671
50,218
47,596
6,162
235,659
3.002
1,008,743
1,050,548
754,975
127,786
458,404
Flax, hackled, etc... dut. tons
4,352
'"i',635
4,789
50,037
35,233
48,468
10,207
148,734
5,987
1,336,845
'"239,9i8
257,089
1,716,298
4,013,255
3,742,073
858,003
10,586,718
1,576,763
Hemp, and tow of free. tons
2,752,96T
4,056,563
2,743,3%
324,74b
12,099,793
1,178,334
Manilla free. tons
Sisal grass . free. tons
All other free . tons
Total unmanufactured . . . . \ ? re t e orls
Manufactures of bags for grain, made of
1,104,444
30,490
332,32]
4,902,600
885,529
19,901
55,071
16,422
511,704
18,423,671
26,282,153
Bagging, gunny cloth and similar material
Bags and bagging dut
1,431,683
Burlaps, ex. for bagging for cotton... dut
Cables, cordage and twine, n. e. s dut. .Ibs.
'"333; 746
5,492,993
4,566,798
26,726
130,740
'"216,868
2,861,250
387,360
3,592,333
10%
Twine, binding .... .. ..free.. Ibs.
3556
Yarns or threa'ds dut. .Ibs.
All other dut
3,070,641
469,207
12,735,607
19,360,761
...Various
...ll-5clb.
.... 11.50 lb.
. ..Various
.$41b&25%
.$41b&25%
50%
20cbu.
....15cbu.
...30%
Total manufactures
40,484,182
7,147,600
5,713,300
1,074,124
Do dut. . Ibs.
Tobacco and Manufactures of Leaf Suitable
for cigar wrappers dut. .Ibs.
16,7a5,362
2,640,770
4,447,308
15,215,951
19,663,259
5,098,461
6,886,925
10,985,386
5,680,252
20,989,439
26,669,691
7,219,877
7,526,815
14,746,692
Other dut . . Ibs.
Total leaf Ibs.
Manufactures of Cigars, cigarettes and che-
roots dut. . Ibs.
463,923
2,083,984
70,202
2,154,186
483,476
2,083,308
62,649
2,145,957
Total manufactures
Toys dut
Vegetables Beans and pease dut..bu.
2,149,660
1,889,478
1,184,081
3,002,578
1,117,909
1,277,194
341,135
1,535,913
1,342,533
1,548,749
603,554
321,591
679,871
817,680
3,971,445
Pickles and sauces dut... .
All Other In their natural state dut
Prepared or preserved dut
Total
653,259
505,510
3,895,067
10%
30%
.$8dozqts
...50cgal.
..Various
25 %
Wines Champagne and oth'r sparkling.dut.doz.
Still Wines In casks dut gals
237,360
2,599.693
296,097
3, 198,5:2
1,817,813
1,423,143
6,739,478
256,957
2,789,153
296,779
3,807,961
1,945.347
1,430,229
7.183,537
Total
Wood, and manufactures of Unmanufactured
11,549
577,517
665,603
1,151,720
52,842
3,941
6,172,494
087,038
99,790
300,106
All other free
Logs and round timber f ree.M ft.
159,631
5,0-S
Timber, hewn and sawed, etc free. M ft.
Do . dut
48,018
' 6,i3ti',96i
732.284
1,419,065
Lumber boards, planks, deals, and other
sawed lumber f ree.M ft.
Do dut.M f t.
'"514,619
378,632
539.585i
61,224
51,513
25%
25%
25*
Shingles dut. . .M.
Other lumber dut
18 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1894.
1895.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's .
Values.
%>%
All other unmanufactured free
Do dut
$5,966,472
44,020
272,843
1,664,54?
1.80.263
18,154,073
$4,977,454
1,781
Manufactures of cabinetware or bouse furni-
ture dut
Wood pulp dut tons
'"35,587
"'28,446
365,625
958.009
1,800.034
17.813,854
25<
i6<&
All other dut
Total wood and manufactures
Wool, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, and other
like animals, and manufactures of un-
manufactured Class 1 free. .Ibs.
..Various
42J^ & 30%
50%
S0%
82.615,995
4..VJ5.527
13,207.230
269,505
95,503,018
10,002,631
91,326^43
14.807.663
12,713,350
622,252
2.564.427
73,154
8,718,447
864,791
23,996,224
1,560,197
Do dut. .Ibs.
10,685,469
1,748,359
Class 2 free. .Ibs.
Do . dut Ibs.
1,548,505
399,875
Class 3 free . . Ibs.
Do dut. .Ibs.
42,918,584
3,959,204
...
Rags, noils, and wastes ... . free.. Ibs.
Do dut.. Ibs.
55.152,558
6.107,438
"'143.002
'"47,522
12.300.554
1,7(55.500
1,444.298
536,166
Manufactures of wool, carbonized. . . .dut. .Ibs.
Carpet and carpeting dut.sq.yds.
47,984
16,342
421,758
"7,456,4i7
* 41667031
959,526
58,827
6,756,321
8,580,962
1.005.899
157,352
357.414
715,549
19.391.850
700,770
23.9i7.03i
* 21872916
113207666
1,361,465
999,401
16,298,131
14399,844
937,999
200.782
Clothing, ready Bade, and other wearing ap-
parel, ex. shawls and knit goods . .dut
Cloths dut Ibs
Dress goods.women's and children's. cl ut
Knit fabrics dut
Shawls dut
..35&40* i
. .35 & 40<&
Yarns dut.. Ibs.
646,408
2.403,846
1.167.368
1 177,40R
..Various
All other dut
Total manufactures
Zinc or spelter, and manufactures of In blocks
or pigs, and old dut. .Ibs.
36,542.396
25'.'
327,242
14.129
13,076
27,208
811,505
26,355
12,179
38.534
Manufactures of dut
Total
35<6
All other articles free
Do .dut
15.0!.5tU
5.873,810
8.998,442
7.594,068
Total value of merchandise dut .
75.1W.OSI]
79.7!'5,f>;
64.994.622
568.729,601
KW.22.S2T4
31.957375
Total value of merchandise free
Total value of imports of merchandise. .
"Square yards. fPounds.
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE.
[Fiscal Year.]
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quanta
Values
Quant'.
Values.
Agricultural Implements Mowers and reapers, an<
parts of
I
$326189
1 ...
$3,659.735
Plows and cultivators, and parts of
. 539,72
1
. 513,913
Exported to United Kingdom
. 1,226,30
59693
a
i . .
750 6S2 i
Germany
52471
553349
France
28660
~>
533 762 i
Other Europe
651 41
4 ....
1.233.676
British North America
222 15
)
235,417
Mexico
95 4C
1
122568
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
10.41
11826
9
4
12.562 1
38461
Puerto Rico
751
2,728
Santo Domingo
1,OJ
4...
1,658
Other West Indies and Bermuda
6,87
)
8,788
Argentine Republic
. 1,514,1S
i
. 1,004,551
Brazil
20,08
i
40.834
Colombia
3,88
5
1,492
Other South America
278,75
...
26H.867
358.43
) ...
246.9.30
British India nml East Indies
2,OK
1
1,260
Other Asia and Ocean ica
34,89
i
29,757
294.27
i
327.733
. 5,413,075
Total agricultural implements
. 5,027.91
y
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 19
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Qwant's.
Values .
Animals Cattle Exported to United Kingdom No .
345,734
3,069
5,184
1,865
537
654
89
1,942
199
4
1
359,278
$32,345,235
285,792
450,000
173,860
12,489
31,505
8,260
134.317
20,199
195
70
33,461,922
305,068
6,436,
10,538
4,780
530
2,071
83
1,890
213
107
(
331,722
$28.492,424
f 521.920
840.000
406,840
9,094
31,900
6.720
174,640
12,838
6,420
400
30.603,796
Germany No
France No
Other Europe No
British North America No
Mexico . No
Central American States and British Honduras No.
West Indies and Bermuda . No
South America No.
Asia and Oceanica No.
Other countries No.
Total No.
Hogs Exported to Un Ited Kingdom No
60
698
4,388
20
138
1,738
88
7,130
540
3,215
56,112
380
2,023
8,981
1,173
72,424
British North America No.
324
334
74
90
686
45
1,553
2,928
2,724
1,193
2,251
4,498
1,159
14,753
Mexico .. . No
West Indies and Bermuda No.
South America No.
Asia and Oceanica No.
Other countries No .
Total No.
Horses No.
5,246
2,063
1,108,995
240,961
19,984
2,515
2,209,298
186,452
Mules No.
Sheep Exported to United Kingdom No.
79,786
653,135
335.882
9,272
53,985
909
3.870
1,718
112
405,748
2,348.816
70,361
159,600
3,338
29,503
16,656
2,352
2,630,686
Other Europe... No.
British North America No.
42,550
5,443
2,935
1,615
41
132,370
133,090
9,085
22.080
14,793
580
832,763
Mexico No.
West Indies and Bermuda No.
South America No.
Other countries No,
Total No.
53,247
35,712,641
51,393
35.754,049
Total animals
Art Works Painting and statuary
391,763
471.104
290.362
464.707
288.084
Bark, and extracts of, for tanning
271,236
295,505
260,675
Bones, hoofs, horns, and horn tips, strips, and waste
Books, Maps, Engraving, and Other Printed Matter-
Exported to United Kingdom
664,016
780,314
121.457
60.990
52.767
522.917
121,420
38.107
33,851
6,785
1,503
66,132
35,700
170,088
79,289
65,231
12,301
69,840
11,576
35,948
29,099
230
2,316,217
110,282
69,705
33,799
674,893
73,016
36,282
39,626
Cuba
2,809
3,874
143.767
43,328
347,859
125,525
86,188
11,861
Brazil . . ...
Colombia
Other South America
China x .
British Australasia
67,475
4,750
56,179
23,004
1,808
Africa
Other countries
Total
2,620,046
Brass, and manufactures of
HOS.427
784.640
767,218
634,600
Breadstuffs Barley bu
5,219,405
15.185,175
2,379,714
723.873
1,563,754
14,304,504
Bread and biscuit Ibs.
Corn Exported to United Kingdom bu.
26,849,826
11.438,349
2.310.428
11,553,970
10,468,5R8
431.516
337,299
1,130.057
17,449
1,897
625,464
125.103
16,840
12,393,4*)
5,339.631
1.115,015
5,448.007
4,466.145
220,362
219.018
571,320
9.141
1,025
344,067
70.858
9,680
15,363.975
3.217.835
(31.101
4.022,62!)
3,013.178
179,014
142,021
392.204
1.200
3.658
615,530
103.356
10,567
8.120,520
1.072,539
30(5.689
2,125.101
1,502,114
108,273
100,155
216,01)2
714
2,062
357,778
61,984
7,499
Germany bu.
British North America bu
Central American States and British Honduras.... bu.
Cuba bu.
Puerto Rico bu.
Other West Indies and Bermuda bu.
South America bu.
Asia and Oceantca bu .
20 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other countries bu-
5,449
65,324,841
$2,840
30,211,154
4,269
27,691,137
82,671
14,650,767
Total bu
Cornmeal brls
Oats bu
291,172
5,750,206
9,719,337
230,822
3,065
770,5i26
2,027,934
238,528
126,532
9.273
223,567
570,257
20,499.253
9,43"
3,768
648,844
200.868
566,321
5,340
12,062
Oatmeal Ibs
Rye bu
Rye flour brls
Wheat Exported to United Kingdom bu
Germany bu
50,868,680
1,7(0,779
8,701,100
22,657,145
4,260.80-:
6,130
40,572
15,614
63
33.602.839
1.177,259
5.992,151
15,769,517
2,741,578
4,480
28,700
ll 593
54.373,341
2.526,931
1 596791
30,453,104
1,522,736
945,594
8.156,123
2,600,129
4.508
57,678
6,508
49
2.161
19,562
37,158
63
43.805,663
France bu
Other Europe bu
ia296,9fll
4,110,255
7,938
90.991
9,518
63
2.887
38,760
48,19*
76,102,704
British North America bu
Mexico bu
Central American States and British Honduras bu.
' 62
4,247
8,020
66,595
Other South America bu
5,176
12,117
87,049
Asiaand Oceanica bu
Africa bu
Other countries bu
Total bu.
88,415,230
59,407,041
Wheat Flour Exported to United Kingdom. brls.
9,987,179
286,129
1,963
1,565,064
43.246,944
1,287,014
8,158
6,606,914
1,959,967
192,712
915,671
2,473,805
734,443
167,988
3,437,189
3,538,871
406,030
1,775,939
77,342
12,010
2,304,721
73,844
52509
69,271.770
8,H57,529
256,650
1,102
1,050,310
916,995
52,065
282.323
379,856
118,617
41,836
951,492
775.425
113,020
446,811
36,144
8,165
951,732
14,757
14,063
15,268,892
30,ti04,837
740.264
4,174
3,594.714
3,158,543
171,129
895,337
1,301,079
382,676
144,649
3,288.572
2,683.948
378,183
1,501,774
103,375
25,854
2,58,231
56,390
48,199
51.651,928
Germany brls
France brls
Other Europe t... brls
British North America brls.
550,740
51,70(1
258,235
662.248
200,813
44,173
937,556
920,869
108.465
486,677
23,717
3,600
736,809
19,015
14,581
16,859,533
Mexico brls
Central American States and British Honduras.... brls.
Cuba brls
Puerto Rico brls
Santo Domingo brls
Other West Indies and Bermuda brls
Brazil brls
Colombia brls
China brls.
British India and East Indies brls
Other Asia and Oceanica brls
Africa brls.
Other countries brls.
Total ....brls.
All other breadstuffs, and preparations of, used as food.
Total breadstuffs
1,610,884
166,777,229
1,659,504
114,603,115
Bricks Building M
6,884
51,791
126,113
177,904
5,437
39,134
88,699
127,833
Fire
Total
Broom corn :
210,742
169,503
165.672
190.9S6
179098
Candles Ibs.
1.918,051
189,462
2,091,156
Carriages and street cars, and parts of
1 649 154
1,514,3.'
868,378
2.382,714
Cars, passenger and freight, for steam railroads No.
Total
1,723
1,700,521
3.349,675
1,934
Exported to United Kingdom
445,385
370.186
57,869
30,863
20,743
140,924
170,431
153,357
420,840
6,780
47.839
1IM.61S
84,270
291,250
8,022
72,581
24
203,861
8.272
25.926
10K,008
2,105
2,382,714
80262
France
31,555
49,665
Other Europe ."
British North America
117,553
131,839
72,238
458,738
13,819
24,181
Mexico
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
Santo Domingo
214,247
19,570
Brazil
1,279.578
50,100
74,941
Other South America
1,484
175,769
5,487
British India and East Indies
21,084
79,197
Africa
Other countries
2,983
Total carriages, cars, etc
3,349,675
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 21
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Casings for sausages
$1,280,514
$1,581,891
Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, and Medicines Acids
108,326
29,205
818,271
619,114
1,021,019
117,752
30,188
575,183
826,713
1,978,144
232,095
4,429,007
8,189,142
Ashes, pot and pearl IDS
650,261
664,876
Dyes and dyestuffs
194,564
233,236
Medicines, patent or proprietary
Roots, herbs, and barks, n.e.s
244,438
All other
3,900580
Total
7,400,953
Clocks and Watches Clocks, and parts of
919,534
840,070
357,329
1,204,005
383,279
1,302,813
Total
1,436,870
2,178,321
3,615,191
6,656.590
5,252,375
11,908,965
1.397.204
2,374,988
3,772,192
5,918.229
5,180,398
11,098.627
Bituminous, tons
Total coal tons
61,895
32.645
20,236
22,168
2,805,299
166,769
7,083
331,902
15,301
3,773
109,292
7.460
25,833
12,193
1,587
1,755
5,615,191
170,425
102,016
64,570
84,066
9,338,4(8
673,315
30,382
915.800
41,762
13,693
300,066
31,557
77,547
41,471
10,546
13,282
11,908,965
4,275
434
6
7,752
3,018,074
126,673
6,250
415,300
30.262
4,337
113,479
12.419
23,659
6,628
2,869
785
a772,192
16,144
1,750
60
61,225
8,895,623
425,252
22,342
1,091.812
77,182
14,822
299.570
78,895
65,984
33,154
12,048
2,758
11,088,627
British North America tons
Central American States and British Honduras.. . .tons
Puerto Rico tons
Other West Indies and Bermuda tons
Brazil tons
Colombia tons
Other countries tons
Total coal tons
Coke tons
98,509
346,858
104,317
Coffee and cocoa, ground or prepared, and chocolate
137,777
Copper, and Manufactures of Ore Exported to United
22,464
1,016
23,480
2,321,981
113,785
2,435,716
10,169
112
10,281
1,091,302
13,213
1,104.515
Total tons
Ingots, bars, and old Exported to United Kingdom. .Ibs.
74,011,789
24,998,854
28,642,776
60,095,840
484,744
177,819
24,612
11,208
195,047,642
7,221,779
2.501,245
2,89(1,710
6,557,204
43.089
18,289
2,753
1,301
19,242,370
47,671,818
16,567,873
27,379,168
56,328,297
292,916
177, 446
1,721
26,800
148,410,039
4,321,253
1,604,390
2,628,532
5,320,912
25,432
17,723
183
3,036
13,921,460
France Ibs.
Other Europe Ibs.
British North America Ibs.
Mexico Ibs .
West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Total Ibs .
454,770
547,243
14,468,703
Total, not including ore
19,697,140
Cotton and Manufactures of Unmanufactured Ex-
ported to United Kingdom Ibs
1485451425
454,694.392
4(16,42688?
882,648,128
32,542,448
17,582,418
130,145
4,801,595
4,896
2683282325
117,573.470
34,075,710
23,976,506
30,272.947
2,606,978
1,891,836
11,097
360,492
247
210,869,289
1776890909
752,315,486
395,349,541
00921,741
52.767,285
37,976.422
140.714
11,004,869
6,134
3517433109
104,101,246
43,078,399
21.iCW.213
29,200,745
3,414,150
2,352.299
9,526
soo.ias
349
204,900,990
Other Europe Ibs .
British North America Ibs.
Total Ibs .
Manufactures of Cloths, colored yds.
61,538,458
124,349,278
185.887.736
3.854,935
7,639,851
11,494.786
58.407,743
125,790318
184,258.061
3,444,539
7,034,678
10,479,217
Total yds.
Exported to United Kingdom yds.
9,159,026
1,731,347
133,315
025.960
16,161,021
4.552.868
8,007,473
661,257
266,433
5,171,125
712,578
128,524
7,499
57,760
987,837
309.091
431,052
57,422
12,532
289.135
10,050,427
2,091.911
31,292
487,247
6,437.270
0,437,606
13.009,433
235,824
207,511
1,439,434
659,444
127,537
1,897
44,340
387,160
389,544
6(8,333
24,394
10.540
78,793
Other Europe yds .
British North America y ds .
Mexico yds.
Central American Sta'tes and British Honduras yds.
Cuba yds.
Puerto Rico yds.
Santo Domingo yds.
22 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other West Indies and Bermuda . yds
12,935,016
3,975,813
19,387.655
2.937,783
20,107,864
51,739,766
583,237
5.881.292
7.550.491
4.527,679
9,831,315
85.887,736
$886,837
317,883
1,435,546
160,351
1,227,787
2,846,220
50,584
330,077
436.870
271,690
537.511
11,494,786
13,727,749
2,332,871
22,533.321
5,522;203
24,434,946
34,672,249
607,574
5.738,928
13,335.769
8.315.2-->0
12,000,250
184,258.061
$836,451
188,247
1,594,726
298,333
1,394,518
1.703.023
59.C84
2P2.278
702,179
444.572
583,819
10,479,217
Argentine Republic yds
China yds
British India and East Indies yds
Total cloths yds.
Other Manufactures of Wearing apparel
476 617
618,730
2,791,863
13.789.810
2369 483
Total
14,340.886
Exported to United Kingdom
361867
259.2SO
230.514
10.774
48,230
1,719.871
151,699
172,416
43.047
4,734
6,661
73,758
18,209
107,792
83.953
58.035
12,681
89.087
1>38
22S.S50
15,440
23,734
3.310.593
Germany
164,835
9849
Other Europe
97 175
British North America
<
1,275,623
Mexico -
151,575
71,424
62,761
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
8755
11.355
62,287
32,461
Brazil
103,143
40,052
48,261
8,001
China . ..
71,485
957
236,9%
10,40.'
16,836
Total other manufactures of
2,846,100
Earthen, Stone, and China Ware Earthen and stone ware
113,080
14,357
127,437
118,205
22,816
141.021
Total
Eggs doz
163,061
542.718
27,49"
5,038,445
150,992
638,586
25.312
5.741.262
Fertilizers tons
Fish Fresh, other than salmon Ibs
1,115,742
14,733,648
5,118,025
1,479,407
48,820
704.652
123.882
50,96f>
43,082
149,316
1,036,215
58,659
143,402
1,353,490
11.280.937
4,340,111
1,197.067
2.726
25,688
24,672,923
67,272
514,370
97.719
61.082
35.725
108.178
2,266.727
83.789
141.311
634.573
279,043
Dried, smoked, or cured Codfish, including haddock
Herring Ibs.
Other Ibs.
Pickled Mackerel brls
Other brls
3,224
33,309
10,727,010
Salmon Canned Ibs
Canned fish, other than salmon and shellfish
Shellfish Oysters
688.653
Other
249,721
All other fish ,
204.8S
Total
3.492.201
4,294,789
Flax, Hemp and Jute, and other Vegetable Fiber, Mami
factures of Bags
423,832
286,386
409,781
748.526
277,86
1,722,559
Cordage IDS
6,225,663
448,187
672,957
6,585,328
Twine
All other
167,766
Total
1,712,744
2,846.645
78,580
168,054
242,617
660,723
211.215
7,085.94t,
818,711
461,214
1,954,318
871.465
47.420
1.522,100 :
115,274
4.971.791
Fruits, Preserved Canned
Other
All other green, ripe, or d ried fruits
1 016 397
Nuts
125,233
Total
2.424.23J
Exported to United Kingdom
Germany
771,02C
138,739
2.907,953
291.645
72,683
322.727
756.637
64,4(8
40864
Other Europe
105.75?
NiV>
British North America
Mexico
57,1ft
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 23
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's .
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
$37,313
106,975
$53,995
70,111
2,712
2,889
71,227
2,722
18,299
6,507
37,306
13,946
150,815
13.720
100,241
16,921
4,267
4,971,791
Puerto Rico
3,759
72,690
679
18,112
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
China
34,215
12,313
100,269
11,466
79,846
9,296
2,304
2,424,239
British Australasia
Total fruits and nuts
Furs and Fur Skins Exported to United Kingdom
3,425,474
500,913
6.11T
18,767
225,079
2,340
4,238,690
3,025,541
580,401
7,690
7.395
282.925
17,553
3,921,505
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
Total
Glass and Glassware Window glass
All other
19,311
902,761
922,072
11,140
935,241
946,381
Total . .
124,796,288
999,052
2,328,707
101,372
1,380,2911
133,808,414
1,178,223
2,507. TH9
114,478
904,081
Glue Ibs.
Grease, grease scraps, and all soap stock
Gunpowder and Other Explosives Gunpowder Ibs.
495,566
66,839
935,287
1,002.126
972,271
102,885
1,174,396
1,277,281
Total
"'54,446
353,729
890.054
3,97^',4'.t4
127,282
"'57,08i
36,002,799
505,(
6D9.029
2,310,323
118,873
Hay tons
Hides and skins, other than furs Ibs.
Honey
Hops Exported to United Kingdom Ibs
10,602,918
6T.MOS
158,093
331,500
14,942
18,513
3.927
2,167
1,298
10,790
14,119
158.796
69,537
18,187
280
17,472,975
3,662,493
18,129
36,885
65,295
2,907
3,904
85!>
434
248
2,047
3,285
30,806
13,200
3,691
5i
3.844.232
16,693.742
1,115
26,895
324,689
21,759
50,819
6,219
2,488
1,782,879
111
2,459
32,110
3,464
5,760
920
294
15
1,343
1,901
30,399
8.009
2,917
16
1,872.597
British North America Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs
Cuba Ibs
Puerto Rico Ibs
53
10,579
14,704
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
274,663
72.200
23.318
145
17,523.388
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs .
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs
Ice tons
19.686
37.09;
17,295
41,915
India Rubber and Gutta Percha, manufactures of Boots
261,657
155.011
1,306,831
1.461.842
383,793
225,986
1,279,156
1,505,142
Allother
Total
Ink, printers' and other
154,691
154,152
Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes, includ-
ing telegraph, telephone, and other electric
1,534,27-
1,912,771
1,411
22,51t
333.288
7,801,48
i7,ns
6,000
277,066
6,411
143.221
140.010
582.988
154.410
786.903
95,471
.26,52!)
350.99"
6,681,653
11,639
370.243
7,30.
133.783
94,954
491,928
Bund, hoop, and scroll iron Ibs
Bar Iron Ibs
Car wheels.. No
Cutlery
167,732
623.624
29,28
Ingots, bars, and rods of steel Ibs
1,145.090
6,975,744
Builders' hardware and saws and tools Locks, hinges
2,505.310
2,483.666
1,984,612
4,468.278
1,918,96*
Total
4,424,278
24 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's..
Values.
Exported to United Kingdom
$714 154
$802.494
413,958
Germany
293,032
Other Europe
75,821
167,290
642885
74,318
199,149
503,872
344,704
106.427
257,992
15,372
19,054
85,937
141,354
293,886
62,939
241,977
11,346
635,494
11,976
60,727
183.284
2,018
4,468,278
British N orth America
300 02H
Central American States and British Honduras
79,664
438,720
30093
Cuba
Santo Domi ngo
27609
Other West Indies and Bermuda
83,741
127220
Argentine Republic
Brazil
270,714
Colombia
78,167
262,409
8,018
British Australasia
617,743
British India and East Indies
5,543
53,128
145,259
3,01:i
Total builders' hardware, etc
4,424,278
Machinery, including Steam Engines and parts of, n.e.s.
Machinery, n. e. s
10,438,069
11,493,093
9,010
2,379,519
220.375
376,325
14,478,322
8
142
365
14,828
l,028,38fi
313,346
710,219
5
252
273
Boilers and parts of engines
Total
12,504,798
2004 126
2,273,289
488,991
359,769
8?S,973
l,5'iJ,821
1,836,397
421,500
1,645,041
73.757
242,572
182,002
161,479
2,046,065
100,194
478,072
61,945
322,026
43,351
, r )lS.'.tT8
822,937
2,163
14,478,322
584,545
335,188
Other Europe
701,715
British North America
1 485403
Mexico
1.596.559
Central American States and Bri tish Honduras,
294939
Cuba
2.0114. ;V >s
41,924
Puerto Rico
Santo Domingo
291,182
Other West Indies and Bermuda
.228,666
Argentine Republic
229,771
Brazil
680,849
120,295
Other South America
773,832
26,352
China
British Australasia
265322
British India and East Indies
27,574
Other Asia and Oceanica
403,093
Africa
316,934
1,961
Total machinery, including steam engines, etc
Nails and Spikes Cut Ibs
12,504,798
16,736,643
3,233,776
6,061,83]
l,305,72fi
330,llfc
180,607
112,115
39,597
272,514
16,895,428
4,367,267
2.122,000
2,090,853
283,646
210,192
52,936
65.600
159,<>27
43,096
267,409
292,918
Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, including
gteel Ibs
Printing presses and parts of
"Railroad Bars or Rails Iron tons.
1,084
15,561
26,987
447,925
315,290
2,101
10,101
Scales and balances
Sewing Machines and Parts of To United Kingdom
712.411
255,507
645,847
472,203
98,566
92.260
111,388
132,841
64,976
16,114
2,230
1,817
22,661
53,504
140,054
39,924
107,217
2,414
224.S75
1,162
91,24fi
73442
114299
Mexico
151,239
32,066
Cuba
212,696
Puerto Rico
1,9(3
28,757
71,51?
101,71'.
49.674
102.22C
2.17V
310,!)tf
British India and East Indies
3,626
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 25
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other Asia and Oceanica
$18901
$H).7(>7
10,244
75
2,260.139
Africa
8,591
824
2.347,354
Total
Stoves and ranges, and parts of
23643?
248,199
1,277,479
5,706,668
32,000.989
\Vire Ibs
44,778,268
1,074,915
4 988483
61,093,717
All other manufactures of iron and steel
Total, not including ore
29,220.264
Jewelry and manufactures of gold and silver.
851,084
650.418
716,844
669,777
Lamps, chandeliers, and all devices and appliances for
illuminating purposes
Lead and Manufactures of Pigs, bars, and old Ibs.
638,636
638.63C
S 1,885,198
60,514
155,573
216,087
Total
Leather, and Manufactures of Leather, sole Exported
to United Kingdom Ibs.
34,574,232
542,292
5,991,330
667,12]
89,230
27,126
196,879
685,696
93,965
9,626
42.877,497
5,038,56f
88,429
1,003,275
119,371
16,561
4,698
45,093
148,774
36,764,480
733.475
4,924,218
503,228
96,412
10,528
253,934
5,411,381
112,142
806,739
81,196
17,522
1,790
55,113
407,896
16,f>50
8,943
6,919,372
Other Europe Ibs.
British North America Ibs.
West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
South America Ibs.
Other Asia and Oceanica ...Ibs.
1,926.437
106,151
45,486
45.364,349
14,597
1 891
Total Ibs
6,481,25"
Leather, other Buff, grain, splits, and all finished upper
5221.205
5,753,278
285,602
682,241
6,721.181
Patent or enameled
249,12"
All other
827 356
Total
6,297,688
Exported to United Kingdom.
5,302 (fit
147,555
75,561
327,196
5,710,329
105,<i04
73.144
411.461
228.60C.
16,260
11,374
6,300
1,050
783
10.406
Other Europe
British North America
221,10o
12,476
Mexico
Central American States and British Honduras
4,399
7,752
Cuba
2,172
76(
10,425
Santo Domingo
Other West I ndies and Bermuda
Brazil
3,174
9714
8,638
838
9,617
92,278
15,097
16,531
156
6,721,181
Colombia '...
l,faV
Other South America
11,591
122,55;
19,87(
17,570
Africa .
105
6,297,688
Total leather, other
Manufactures of Boots and shoes ., pairs
617,318
777,354
198,04"
822,412
1.010,228
'196,018
707,608
15,614,407
Harness and saddles
All other
529,08;
Total leather and manufactures of
Lime and cement brls
14,283,42S
102,760
162,091
86,435
127.25C
Malt Liquors In bottles doz
351,62u
307,077
471.58S
77,390
548.97S
427,51"
255,110
492,748
66,022
558,770
Not in bottles gals
Total
Marble and Stone, and manufactures of Unmanuf acturct
Manufactures of Hooting slate
142.691
37,195
3359
88,806
846,373
968,538
All other
874,928
Total
1,054,814
Matches
66,61'
9t,79E
M usical Instruments Organs No
8,672
618
539.27S
178,822
254,49C
9r2,59C
10,635
874
040,718
233.043
241,966
1,115,727
Pianofortes No
All other, and parts of
Total
Naval Stores Resin . brls
1,987,15ft
17,38
13,62
2.018,04
3,285,8'K
37,73(
30,07
3,353.70,'
1,8(8,394
22,77,
12,30.
1,897,535
3,351.250
41,r,73
28,57:1
! 3.421,49!;
Turpentine and pitch brls
Total brls
26 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOH 1896. 1
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Exported to United Kingdom brls.
704,660
422,351
574,836
43,007
5,906
6,748
11,301
1,512
2,008
6,236
32,574
78,804
4.395
44.760
2,022
32,293
43,858
677
95
2,018,043
$1,277,797
571,514
817,597
102,370
17,325
18,543
23,920
3,128
4.243
15,030
83.071
155,029
8,952
104,239
4,412
81.272
63,486
1,565
210
3,353,703
579,302
432.334
553,007
43,407
MOB
5,899
8,271
(>31
2,257
7,223
48,762
107,456
6,072
43,210
2,27V
23,790
28,468
988
72
1,897,532
$1,153,154
697,724
857,108
96,014
12,753
18,302
17,351
1,316
5,508
17,442
112,994
20ti.065
12.691
96,649
4,541
61,709
47,833
2,157
185
3,421,496
British North America brls.
Central American States and British Honduras.. ..brls.
Cuba brls.
Puerto Rico brls.
Other West Indies and Bermuda brls.
Argentine Republic brls.
Colombia brls.
Other South America brls
China brls
British Australasia brls.
Other Asia and Oceanica brls
Africa brls
Other countries brls
Total resin, tar, etc brls.
Turpentine, Spirits of Exported to Unt'd Kingdom..gals.
Germany gals
6,453,331
1,593,292
3,411,500
350,244
9,058
8,982
108,682
7,933
4,913
27.579
95,650
125,753
8,017
126,560
7,200
230,264
18,950
30,308
101
12,618,407
1,701,706
427,416
912,443
106,647
3,458
3,419
36,125
2,737
1,589
9,893
33,922
43,308
3,118
46,192
2,527
83,339
6,586
13,784
36
3.437,245
8,103,283
1,731,818
3,327,326
409,098
9,563
12,654
68319
9,104
1,888
24,412
221,270
163,313
14,264
145,878
13,000
326,351
29,tiOO
41,545
52
14,652,738
2,138,641
463.263
888.150
128,900
3,613
4,641
22,332
3,107
719
8,403
75,958
56.328
5,341
51,536
4,382
116,235
10,808
17,398
22
3.998,277
British North America gals
Mexico gals
Central American States and British Honduras gals.
Cuba gals
Puerto Rico .. gals
Santo Domingo gals.
Other West Indies and Bermuda.. .. gals
Argentine Republic gals
Brazil '..... gals
Colombia gals
Other Sonth America gals,
China gals.
British Australasia gals
Other Asia and Oceanica gals
Afriea . gals
Other countries gals
Total gals.
Total naval stores
6.790,948
7,419,773
Nickel, nickel oxide and matte Ibs.
1,535,906
316,638
Oil Cake and Oil-Cake Meal Cottonseed Ibs.
617,104,402
127,498,827
743,603.229
7.108,165
1,699.091
8,807,256
489,686,053
243.936,442
733,822,495
4,310,1'.!8
2,855,459
7,165.587
Flazseed or linseed Ibs
Total Ibs.
Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
3JW.859.244
249,144.048
26,171,735
123,122.404
951,879
13,975.678
286,941
91,300
744,603,229
4,151,748
2,713,908
288,312
1,432.169
10.361
205,288
4,094
1,340
8.807,256
324,766.185
259.053,008
7,797,491
I24.as2.2t'.;
4,203.041
12.544.931
288,33*
87,234
733,622,495
3,216.971
2,339,885
70.977
1,327,696
45,386
159,765
3.825
1,082
7,166,687
Germany Ibs .
Other Europe Ibs
British North America Ibs.
West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
South America Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total oil cake and oil-cake meal Ibs.
Oils Animal Lard gals
681,081
188,852
105,519
270,835
1,246,287
449,571
107,077
33,774
149,801
740,223
553,421
122,626
646,553
144,446
1.467,046
301.093
56.214
142,553
75,581
578.441
Whale gals
Fish gals
Other gals
Total animal gals.
Mineral, Crude, Including All Natural Oils, Without
Regard to Gravity Exported to Germany gals.
4,877,593
84 434 953
134,639
2,958,174
533.403
1.192
337,902
413,140
37,325
140
4,415,915
3.966,870
72.802.459
21,776.001
5,427
5,229,98!
6,980,372
518.100
6,052
111,285,264
119.869
3,308,095
954,470
563
283.233
451,443
43,546
491
5,161,710
Other Europe gals
17,185,761
19,399
8,026,189
6,865,549
514,905
2,000
121,926,349
British North America . . gals.
Mexico gals
Puerto Rico gals
Other countries gals
Total gals .
Mineral, Refined or Manufactured Naphthas, including
all lighter products of distillation gals.
15,555,754
943,970
14,801,224
910,988
34,706,844
5,867.477
41,485,309
Illuminating gals.
7HO.3ti8.IBB
40,190,577
786,114,957
30,676,217
5,449,000
37,069,187
714.859,144
4.3,418,942
773,079,310
Lubricating and heavy paraffin gals.
Total gals
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 27
E XPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
want's.
Values .
want's.
Values.
01,058.637
J6.305.013
8,6-27,117
24,910,609
9,292,704
710,263
1,218,663
511,771
192,480
458,760
3,652,052
8.708.409
12,620,610
770,426
7.830,786
40,387,089
12,651.599
10,964,383
3,372,913
1,272,254
4,'.KxS,;.'n
690,839
146,613
133,536
111,877
21,134
37,856
315,189
348,405
944,427
70,783
672,797
2,438,636
1,102,306
3,565,041
5,308.702
562.864
25,361
37,069,187
i07,617.276
11,107,839
11,040,827
62,940,515
8.480,785
723,026
1,112,242
202,492
335,380
360,327
4,7(52,360
T.OS'WI
15,829,754
860,364
10,851,069
18,043,475
15,771,906
-50,040,812
13.667,518
4,712,190
1,027,113
7,754,208
585,505
181,006
137,238
44,831
36,550
37,292
424,380
821.240
1,206,042
82.069
1,038,890
1,181.210
1,541.078
2,145,650
3,908.504
864,661
33,067
41,485.309
France gals.
Mexico gals.
Central American States and British Honduras... .gals.
Cuba gals.
Puerto Rico gals.
Brazil. gals.
Colombia . gals.
China gals .
r >7,049,540
86,614,882
7.167,864
54,954,515
9,854,352
500,010
773,079,310
Africa gals.
379,663
86,114,957
Total mineral refined (not including residuum).gals.
Residuum, including tar, and all other, from which the
light bodies have been distilled brls.
5,029
14,704
37,083,891
3,274
13,063
41.498,372
Vegetable Cottonseed Oil Exported to United King
dom gals
1,268,793
2,199,434
1,275.132
7,441,034
488,178
890,202
6,497
51,929
450
24,036
351,635|
5J
593,804
241,800
40,772
492,899
3,463,412
2,074,263
2,463,994
8,922,716
423,067
1,720,859
10,252
13,308
1,060
38,816
349,568
37,315
593,295
190,773
34,083
158
224,789
21,161,728
919,585
931,560
776,317
3,107.053
128,685
408,617
3,841
4,400
308
16,622
112,851
13,180
223,115
73,874
13,893
56
72,356
6,806,313
Germany gals
5271035
2,979,422
207,955
284.982
2.947
18,832
225
11,807
136,234
2,600
221,807
107,765
18,172
Other Europe gals
Mexico gals
Central American States and British Honduras. . .gals
Cuba ... gals
Puerto Rico gals
Santo Domingo gals
Brazil gals
Other South America gals
British Australasia gals
Africa gals
78,860
14,958,309
27,799
6,008,405
Total gals
92,86
80,225
48.550
209,722
64,907
62,728
87,633
37,367
194.616
190,798
106,022
7,335,116
Volatile or Essential Peppermint Ibs
Other
Allother
Total vegetable
6,468,62o
Paints and painters' colors
825.98"
729,706
Paper, and Manufactures of Paper hangings
108,400
84,30,
109.203
112,770
1,903,136
2,185,109
Writing paper and envelopes
Al 1 other
1,713,92!
Total
1.906,634
Paraffin and Paraffin Wax Exported to United King
73,818,156
6.962,21
625,096
7,087,33
172,69 C
1,384,38C
257.49C
43,51
84,57
21,5tt
2,245.29
1,906.54
507,15
95,115,954
2.847.3W
292,236
33,00f
315,34
14,186
88,28,
15,95,
4,682
5,30.
1,784
102,62-
75,71
24,22
3.820,65!
70,396.283
7,074,97
528,354
8,127,01
w,m
2,125,25f
367,87
29,74U
224.22?
2.70C
3.524,92 C
1,033,64
990,201
95,070,m
2568201
254061
21 083
Other Europe Ibs
302,422
2,434
117,141
22,233
1,308
13,677
163
154,068
64,574
47,649
3,569,614
British North America Ibs
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs
Brazil Ibs
Other South America Ibs
Africa Ibs
Total Ibs
327,83.
338,495
336,018
Plated ware
281.39
Provisions, comprising Meat and Dairy Products Mea
products Beef products Canned Exported t
United Kingdom Ibs
42,544,532 3,958,99.
4,518,923 376.91
1,304,3061 107,31
40,310,19
5,978,434
6,761,63
3,502,993
518,260
558,165
France Ibs
28 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant'*.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other Europe Ibs
2,934,716
1,331,920
65,952
117,573
119,054
6,166
8,620
618,167
9,950
481,914
57,548
241,160
33,790
223,377
3,904
475,445
870,653
7,240
55,974,910
$262,659
102,493
6,879
10,678
10,139
509
675
51,792
7&5
38,618
4,939
19,814
4,902
18.608
502
70,321
72,302
1,012
5,120,851
3,672,960
1,216,371
76.429
168,703
20,486
1,584
324,087
104,260
8,168
16,148
1,624
123
British North America Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba Ibs
Puerto Rico Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs
625,549
3,200
648,050
64,478
222,023
92,400
265.070
6.080
2,572,311
1,373,700
22,600
64,102,263
51,208
250
51,350
5,742
17,986
12,025
19,069
872
355.042
109,792 !
3.169J
5,720,933
Brazil Ibs .
Colombia Ibs.
Other South America Ibs.
China ... . Ibs.
British Australasia . Ibs.
British India and Kast Indies Ibs.
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs.
Total , Ibs.
Fresh Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
193,331,292
1,066
346,483
212,516
467
193,891.824
16,659,814
80
21,505
18,721
43
16,700,163
190,73ai86
411,250
96,110
86,086
8,855
191,334487
16,784,936
32,723
6,29
8,312
590
16,832,860
Total Ibs.
Salted or Pickled, and othercured Salted orplckled.. Ibs.
02,682,667
1,218,334
63,901,001
3,572,054
100,631
3,672,685
62,471,416
821,673
63,293,089
3,558,108
73,569
3,031,737
Total Ibs.
27,368,261
7,514,030
787,800
5.838,228
7,247,545
12,187
641,224
84,938
79,300
230,375
9,419,213
56,100
245,906
3,523,948
514,570
280,37
57,000
63,901,001
1,615,284
441,484
44,755
324,968
338.429
972
35,200
4,948
4,159
14,208
565,783
3,145
13,247
217,a30
30,580
15,016
3,178
3,672,685
28,720.804
9,041,469
404,400
5.621,237
6,120,667
14,703
504,741
21,091
36,625
499,890
7,289,626
68,700
187,376
3,095,365
1.300,080
227,315
74,000
63.293.089
1.687.590
'650,326
25.131
317,964
290.285
1,165
26.091
1,141
1,781
27,842
418,504
3.739
9,276
179,938
75,780
11,570
3,608
3,631,737
British North America Ibs.
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Brazil Ibs
Colombia Ibs.
Africa Ibs
Total beef, salted, etc Ibs.
Tallow Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
11). 170,283
4,385,603
7,144.510
15.780.010
936.9UO
1.847.390
1,985.090
1,246,688
3305
644,934
1.183.994
107.105
7,745
348,305
15.042
14.530
54,661.524
949,909
220,802
365,7S5
792,549
44,074
99,468
116,018
56,700
171
35,335
56,142
6,481
493
20,316
847
1,104
2,766,164
4,781,782
2,558,308
847.759
9,673.105
583.917
1.743,999
2,297,207
802,425
3,990
669,829
1,494.203
39,589
99,221
243,276
16.790
5.9JO
25,864,300
227.908
121.390
42,573
490,756
29,424
84.308
123,593
35,432
234
33,939
78,957
2.428
5,802 i
15,203
700
412
1,293.059
British North America Ibs.
Mexico Ibs .
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba 1 bs .
Brazil Us
Colombia Ibs
Asia and Oceanica Ibs.
Other countries Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Hog Products Bacon Exported to Unt'd Kingdom. .Ibs.
,i34.85,38S
12,537.849
663.049
87,787,096
10,311 .030
38.516
112,642
6,154,077
230.976
126,471
4.17.974
12,935,681
12,970
233,839
31.366,843
1,030.055
5J.611
3.169,924
839,034
4,621
10.644
532,035
19.038
11,933
39.677
1,220.929
1.093
20,819
k)T,294.27!
13.160.326
9.296,98
44.180.025
5,380,492
86,451
197,412
5,137,535
399.222
112,210
412,130
22,504,112
0,097
219.4(11
29.472.582 '
9S1.;H
79L6H
3.576.210
435,7(8
8.369
16.516
390.454
29.001
8,868 j
86,287
1,998,394
486
17,531
France Ibs.
British North America Ibs.
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba . Ibs.
Puerto Rico Ibs.
Santo Domingo ... Ibs.
Other West Indies and Bermuda ... . Ibs.
Brazil Ibs.
Colombia Ibs.
Other South America Ibs.
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 29
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
China Ibs
14,767
58,024
6,000
623
416,657,57"
$2,381
8,502
607
67
38,338,843
15,800
75,698
5,781
5,984
452,549,976
$2,121
10,425
440
654
37,776,293
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs-
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs.
Hams Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
Germany Ibs.
73.994 ,24t-
1.293,735
129.442
I,(i05,582
951,944
229,734
8,230,787
146,354
14,223
194.074
89.800,462
1,977,212
545,086
8.567,781
2,013,900
211.148
213.60C
3,929,994
680,411
63,576
1,072,685
18,470
92,805
967,500
46.918
20,170
237,825
20,176
14,384
105,494,123
9,245,618
216,577
60.546
3S5.004
213.182
25,385
24,582
420,215
70,967
8,146
122,135
2,253
9,007
112,197
6,244
2,726
31,769
2,379
1,635
10,960,567
France Ibs.
Other Europe Ibs
British North America Ibs
103,807
30,372
18,344
668,959
98,695
13,890
138,329
2.473
9,256
134,592
6,481
6,959
25,916
1898
653
9.845,062
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba Ibs
151,843
5.272,640
799,812
96,274
Puerto Rico Ibs
Santo Domingo Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda . Ibs
1,036,268
20,739
77,521
1,023,836
36.850
47,785
181,683
14,975
5,660
86,970,571
Brazil Ibs
Colombia Ibs
Other South America Ibs
China Ibs
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs.
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs.
Pork, fresh and pickled Fresh Ibs
UB8.647
63,575.881
64,744.528
92.095
5,067,773
5,159,868
818,581
58,266,893
59,085,474
60.660
4,138,400
4,199,060
Pickled Ibs
Total Ibs.
Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
14,272,957
2,431.325
150,250
1,196,700
10.521.427
1,096,60;
GSfi.UK
4.4S0.4U
411,505
23,520;94<
109.151
103,170
5,477.600
165,595
75,484
106,385
64.744,528
1,159,315
193.011
11,716
95.465
791,806
85,431
52,333
360.684
njget
1,872,797
9.614
8,620
458,939
15.020,502
2,149,851
236,600
927,882
8.052,652
967,141
462.640
3,285,200
271,322
22,283.239
1,123,292
83,314
3,821.900
148,590
59,737
191,553
59,085,474
1.0S9.23S
144,169
18,329
63.728
540,312
67,733
32,586
221,848
19,685
1,592,315
97.559
5,661
278,380
10,485
4,023
13,009
4,199,060
Germany Ibs.
Other Europe Ibs
British North America Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Puerto Rico . Ibs
Santo Domingo Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Brazil Ibs .
Colombia Ibs
11,991
6,248
8,015
3,159,868
Africa Ibs.
Other countries Ibs.
Total pork, fresh and pickled Ibs.
Lard Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
I49.69"i,95i
90.010,508
29,841.320
85.61 1,855
2.753,524
1.414.2SK.
1.858,315
42,340.578
3,979,784
574.914
7,193,960
60.274
11.880,364
1,760,795
11,697,238
382,379
478,611
30,193
47,500.867
13,458,563
8,488.fio3
2,695,228
7.757,993
218,300
116,198
161,291
3,625,545
343,573
51,115
711,037
6,747
1,149,285
161,251
1,059,874
36,410
46,044
2,702
40.0S9.SW
184,251,911
104.121,187
84,665.860
77,630,61(
2 W 133
14,301.018
8.018,516
2.681.659
6,015,671
182,097
128,779
179,836
2.209,007
243.148
35,522
690,995
1.182
1,140,128
142.186
878,729
31.S20
38.159
3,046
36,821,508
1.908.071
2,202,087
:tO,672,512
3,414,798
459,460
7,161,407
12,724
12,556,491
1,928,235
10,070,217
365,635
432,663
42,912
474,895,274
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Puerto Rico Ibs
Argentine Republic Ibs
Brazil Ibs
Colombia Ibs
Other South America Ibs.
Asia and Oceanica Ibs.
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs.
M utton. Ibs.
2,197.900
174,404
591,44$
47,832
Oleomargarine Imitation butter . . .Ibs.
:;.s:>s,'.'.vi
123,295,895
27,194,845
475,003
11,942,842
12,417,845
10,100,S97
78.098,878
88,199,775
992,464
7,107,018
8,099,482
The oil Ibs
Total Ibs.
Exported to United Kinjdom Ibs
9.577,512
29 217 5 9 7
973,613
2.857,406
134,306
7,S!7,784
193,758
1,948
1,772
10.182
S.(Hr,>.947
22,766,014
53,565.583
724,846
21,655
3723
110,515
7:>'.l.069
1,902.673
4.9GL2M
61,197
2,585
535
13,540
Germany Ibs
France Ibs.
Other Europe Ibs.
British North America Ibs
1. 424.055
81,564,231
1,881,992
14.007
15,944
76,534
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Puerto Rico Ibs.
30 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant'*.
Values .
Quant's.
Values.
Other West Indies and Bermuda lbs -
2,684,724
71,815
507,564
41,040
17,900
127,194.845
$329,789
8.573
60,976
5,605
2,133
12,417.845
2,494,824
89,882
259,310
85,596
74,880
58,19?,775
1298,081
9,539
31.222
10,307
9,450
8,099.482
Other South America Ibs.
Total oleomargarine Ibs.
Poultry and game
18,6*
17,898
1,600,241
All other meat products
1,386,089
Dairy Products Butter Exported to United Kingdom.lbs.
Germany Ibs.
Other Europe Ibs
5,498,704
725,790
847,266
744,621
115,738
168.819
121,179
139,774
116,346
2,166,582
87,278
93,793
809,097
5,768
146,333
7,361
17,643
11,812.092
941,523
113,042
134,559
132,671
25,308
37,076
27,038
21,456
21,386
412,176
16,134
20,117
138,198
1,312
30,861
2,14(
2.609
2.077,608
868,815
100,482
333.988
369,085
155,382
188.330
53,305
102,914
84,739
1,956,140
354,388
143,162
626,035
5,528
217,964
17,456
21,099
5.598,812
134,955
12,978
47,558
62.284
27,714
35,386
11,598
12,448
12,747
321,297
67,568
25,339
95.040
1,097
40,612
3,996
2,916
915,533
British North America Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba Ibs
Puerto Rico Ibs
Santo Domingo Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs5
Brazil Ibs .
Colombia Ibs
Other South America Ibs
China Ibs.
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs.
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs.
Cheese Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
61.459,757
5,913,571
48,286,660
5,883
10,288,239
112,421
143,976
52,680
25,319
71,546
940,356
1,837
50.024
269,230
28,787
123,906
47,557
60,448,421
4,362.877
553
913,330
13,958
17,784
8,368
3,038
8,8ti3
105.623
228
6,050
33,310
3,507
14,535
5,515
5,497,539
Germany Ibs.
22,998
10,088,034
109,876
130,869
215,021
130,545
89.503
1.017,671
11,891
52,363
378,438
29.104
112,735
3,339
73,852,134
2.269
963,153
14,340
16,893
30,835
16,568
11,903
133,925
1,413
7,045
49,532
3,777
14,736
371
7,180,331
British North America Ibs
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Cuba Ibs
Puerto Rico Ibs
Santo Domingo Ibs
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Brazil Ibs
Colombia Ibs
Other South America Ibs
China Ibs
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs.
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs.
Milk
322,288
219,785
133,634,327
Total provisions, etc
145,270,643
Quicksilver Ibs.
1,599,013
618,297
1,089,603
1,499,040
425,724
11,767
Rice bran, meal and polish Ibs.
Seeds Clover Ibs
45,41S,i3
5,419,056
2,047,83H
10.155,867
4,540,851
41,866
2,426,284
22.905,672
11,051,812
1,324
4,939,-237
2,124,997
86.695
1,433
277,160
358.860
2,849.145
Flaxseed or Unseed bu
Timothy Ibs
449,207
484,013
All other
Total
7,942,221
Exported to United Kingdom
2,123,680
l.:ii5,i.>4
672,905
39,757
309,933
442.803
16.268
8,287
3,921
125
171
3,904
484
488
872
2,459
128
23.949
7,089
249
9
2,849.145
Germany
l,714.9tf
France
1.002,754
Other Europe
2.451.25!
British North America
565,618
506b
Mexico
Central American States and British Honduras
5,854
Cuba
4,19h
Puerto Rico
393
377
13,964
11
1,197
Santo Domingo
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Argentine Republic
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
2,884
338
41,247
China
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
6,187
954
Africa
Other countries
14
7,942,221
Total seeds
Silk, manufactures of
283.765
256,181
Soap Toilet or fancy
101,290
144,656
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 31
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other .- Ibs
25,028,944
$1,038,432
1,139,722
23,778,398
$947,470
1,092,126
Total
Spermaceti and spermaceti wax Ibs.
342,786
99,467
231,217
73,189
Spirits. Distilled Alcohol, including pure, neutral or
cologne spirits proof gals
173,527
361,653
977.994
4,105,639
256,816
592,387
6,468,016
62,166
291,022
1,081,716
3,720,562
266,293
255,177
5,676,936
676,832
100,719
879,153
1,442,685
17,672
154,703
3,271,764
181,393
94,924
1,134,965
1,485,525
34,755
60,124
2,991,686
Whisky Bourbon proof gals
All other proof gals
Total proof gals.
Starch Ibs.
22,888,016
727,011
683,278
58,124
11,788,995
366,800
681.639
44,839
177,1)46
Stationery, except of paper . . .
Stereotype and electrotype plates ....
Straw and palm leaf, manufactures of
186,427
Sugar and Molasses Molasses and sirup gals
9,385,359
690.080
1,038,680
25,931
9.148,711
695.486
850,400
22,052
Sugar, brown Ibs.
Sugar, Refined Exported to United Kingdom Ibs.
17,519
36,273
267,282
196,263
888,204
696,273
190,746
4,808,464
19,210
1,380
2,119,966,
413,311
14,869
5,165,709
431,733
11.214
14,778,416
863
1,619
13,232
10,792
47,094
34,635
9,925
215,533
990
65
108,194
20,435
805
165,850
22,417
603
653,052
36,567
3,459
100,228
129,314
625,719
947,246
107,941
3,960,475
1,791
152
4,764
6,750
31,422
39,908
5,050
183,517
Other Europe Ibs.
British North America Ibs.
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
Santo Domingo Ibs.
Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Brazil ... Ibs
Colombia . Ibs
1,243,588
58,045
60,730
2,838
Other South America Ibs.
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs
1.201,091
394,782
24,531
8,832,986
49,246
19,571
1,155
406,894
Africa . Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total Ibs .
Candy and confectionery
491,748
2,209,411
712,552
1,991,898
Total
Tin, manufactures of
290,494
277,796
Tobacco, and Manufactures of Unm'n'fact'red Leaf.. Ibs.
Stems and trimmings Ibs
268,791,312
21,893,680
290,684,992
22,939,366
1,145,878
24,085,234
293,795,855
7,186.075
300,981,930
25,622,776
176,192
25,798,968
Total unmanufactured Ibs.
Exported to United Kingdom Ibs
83,273,199
>!,(;: ;:;,s;c
38.2(,008
95,(S)3,681
12.575.420
1,334,152
119,137
2,'J39,549
95,350
11,365
1.041,415
1,377.876
72,234
2,248,019
2,690
290.684,992
8.171,759
3,923,915
3,025,654
6,841,888
l,ir,4,(:;
114,225
13,233
292,356
5,363
1,089
97,336
217.818
6,864
209,468
223
24,085,234
89,945,465
54,184.621
31.943,161
99.374,686
11,996,031
1,970,397
190.531
2,854,033!
21,839
21,845
1,394,026
1,934,713
91,371
2,037,307
22,055
300,981.930
9,295,946
8,910,388
2,901,098
7,565,128
1,097,729
156,847
23.490
274,053
1,795
2,525
117,320
2(8,0 79
9,668
182,130
2,772
25,798,968
France Ibs
Other Europe Ibs
British North America Ibs
Mexico Ibs
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs.
West Indies and Bermuda Ibs.
Argentine Republic Ibs
Colombia Ibs
Other South America Ibs
British Australasia Ibs
Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs
Africa Ibs
Other countries Ibs
Total unmanufactured Ibs.
Manufactures of Cigars M .
Cigarettes M
2,062
408,551
51,26li
1.094,340
2 704 393
1,538
464,636
42,200
1,180,699
2,730,266
3,953,165
Allother
Total
3.849,996
Exported to United Kingdom
981 591
1,138,948
97,860
18,032
226,724
49,094
10,887
79,204
47,996
204,185
3,811
947
509
61,899
104.913
Germany
95,013
18 184
France
Other Europe
323 217
British North America
48297
Mexico
14'980
Central American States and British Honduras... .
Cuba
121,443
38233
Other West Indies and Bermuda . . .
182,721
Argentine Republic....
9,798
Brazil
2 732
Colombia
943
69 159
Other South America
China
118,039
32 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
British Australasia
$1,168,163
143,769
354972
81,303,690
85,501
293,101
216,015
9,789
3,953,165
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
147^525
11,217
3,849,996
Total manufactures of
Toys
114,431
123.968
133,552
104,275
303.959
429,006
46,699
418.221
441, 383
208,144
1,543,453
Trunks, valises, and traveling bags
Varnish gals
226,760
326,748
6S,865
803,111
282,278
576,657
69,823
651,877
255,857
190,248
256,890
242,682
53,333
572,857
Vegetables Beans and pease bu
Onions bu
Potatoes .bu
Vegetables, canned
Total
1,744,462
Vessels sold to foreigners Steamers tons
384
867
1,251
72,792
26,250
99,042
319
1,420
1,739
79.951
15,000
94,951
Total tons
Vinegar gals
68,282
152,709
9,137
441,969
80,234
259.318
11,273
699,495
Whalebone Ibs.
Wine In bottles doz
13,813
802,192
63,860
380,588
444,448
13,919
1,125,297
56,202
545,708
601,910
Not In bottles gals
Total
Wood, and manufactures of Timber and unmanufac-
tured wood Sawed M feet
237.830
4,082,709
2,411,229
816,322
2,643,530
297,693
6,039,539
2,971,785
1,126,194
1,808,834
5,906,813
Hewn cubic feet
Logs, and other
Total
5,871,061
Exported to United Kingdom
2.661,918
2.714,504
777,925
175,387
720,207
1,001,545
78.900
119,313
45,983
38.504
35.092
3,794
12,640
35,511
71,664
28,181
37,970
9,693
5,906,813
Germany
882,863
209,612
France
Other Europe
668,445
British North America
1,001,210
Mexico
111.603
Central American States and British Honduras
60,927
Cuba
62.284
Other West Indies and Bermuda
35,035
8,754
Brazil.. . . . . . . . . ....
Colombia
34,424
Other South America
11,425
25,993
41,046
Africa
47,502
8,040
Total timber and unmanufactured wood
5,871,081
Lumber Boards, deals and planks M feet
574,920
12,412
587,332
9,355,025
176,798
9,531,823
588.781
27,454
616,235
8,860,285
300,357
9,160,592
Joists and scantling M feet
Total M feet
Exported to United Kingdom M feet
09,957
17,490
25,951
63,318
25,188
29,945
2,625
65,291
11,179
7,318
56,552
49,033
27,168
2,822
41,328
2,651
19,309
18.512
20.182
1,513
587,332
2.226,873
384,904
357,700
916.554
533,016
385,001
35.303
917,921
. 172,802
113,607
939". 142
713,308
425.302
47,683
575,355
23,649
219.352
195.983
332,232
16,136
9,531,823
83,574
15,852
18,523
70.923
a3,344
33,441
4,512
34,110
998C
6'.92C
54,766
46,525
38,663
4,829
62.487
7,641
41,181
20.557
27,273
1,134
616,235
1,972,576
341,125
263.387
1,006.156
556,356
354,875
54,225
395,524
143,837
101,798
819.323
665,591
536,173
80,662
742,563
65.257
419.581
208.028
420.563
12,992
9,160,592
British North America M feet
Mexico M feet
Central American States and British Honduras..M feet
Puerto Rico .M feet
Santo Domingo M feet
Other West Indies and Bermuda M feet
Argentine Republic M feet
Brazil M feet
Colombia M feet
Other South America M feet
China M f eet
British Australasia M feet
Other Asia and Oceanica M f eet
Africa M feet
Other countries M feet
Total boards, deals, joists, etc M feet
All Other Lumber Shingles M.
28,277
80.01*
275,140
40,122
93,046
358.817
566,038
Other No.
383,706
620,311
384,943
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, 33
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1894.
1895.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Staves and headings
$2 891,805
$3,138,424
1,642,370
5,798,695
All other
1,668,267
5,535,541
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
1 599 546
1,460,413
443,027
453,268
1,705,467
108.164
838.r>98
68,359
110,011
131,219
10.537
503,813
100,728
20,15(5
17,779
156,478
35,602
37,091
96,292
1,693
5,798,695
238622
584,220
1,346,529
74269
British North America
280253
Central American States and British Honduras
57946
200293
147,791
24288
Other West Indies and Bermuda
565,477
61,391
Brazil.
23,297
50.959
132,755
40,227
31,691
66,239
9,750
Total all other lumber
5,535,541
203,10-
163,585
209,852
275,876
167,652
216,234
3,047,212
452,720
2.090,113
6,249,807
Hogsheads and barrels, empty
3,427,14"
346,84-
2,423,18b
Allother
Total
6,773,724
Exported to United Kingdom
1,829,811
1,827,541
530,687
180,984
335,751
1,1(19,582
277.373
193,036
216,546
21,684
24,967
236,044
71,997
111,869
41,576
151,710
21,923
389,412
8,975
150,582
336,571
10,997
6.249,807
509,159
234,221
France
305,846
1,510,665
British North America
221,97
149,75*
Cuba :.
390,791
Puerto Rico
26,633
32,189
251,462
84,685
Argentine Republic
89,35<
Colombia .,
53,893
161,835
Other South America
China
27,052
British Australasia
413.635
12,898
146,004
British India and East Indies
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
311,95*
Other countries
9,905
Total manufactures of
6,773,724
Total wood, and manufactures of
27,712,169
27,115,907
Wool, and Manufactures of Wool, Raw Exported to
50,874
1,693
467,367
IDS
204
520.24-
8,184
25
82,14
8
90,67
97,024
43,610
1,78063-
2,335,961
12,636
4,892
271,328
192,639
2,968
484,463
British North America Ibs
21,882
4,279,10H
Total wool, raw Ibs
Manufactures of Carpets yds
287,188
250,006
38,756
317,296
168,523
257,645
161,006
49,822
316,154
143,244
670,226
Flannels and blankets
All other manufactures of
Total manufactures
774.58C
Zinc, and Manufactures of Ore ton
1
14
415
Pigs, bars, plates, and sheets '. Ibs
5,327,61
253,54;
203,31
456.85C
3,831,08-
161,678
76,137
237,815
An other manufactures of
Total, not Including ore
'
All other articles
3,060,67
2,085,633
793,397,890
Total value of exports of domestic merchandise.. . .
869,204,93
34 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, BY COUNTRIES.
[Fiscal years 1894 and 1895.]
COUNTRIES.
Imports.
Exports.
1894.
1895.
1894.
1895.
Europe Austria-Hungary
$6,896,341
10,234
8,009,819
$6,511,876
25,914
10,152,581
$527,509
294,933
28,422,989
$2,125,772
258,784
25,356,936
Azores and Madeira Islands
Belgium
Denmark
France
194,900
47.519,974
<;9,337,iX)5
11,122
797,281
170,215
18,006,075
10,1)90,979
2,030,966
345,839
61.660,003
81,011,443
7.807
327,201
127,329
20.851,761
I5.i86.5ii5
1,689,226
5,050,837
55,315,511
92,357, 163
508,086
124,449
3,475,326
45,034.781
92,053,953
381,875
239,414
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland, Iceland, etc
Italy
13,916,620
43,570,312
5,194,231
91,198
6,273,623
553,852
16,276,255
31.011,775
2,971,301
23,925
5,188.a>4
771,046
Netherlands
Portugal
Russia, Baltic, etc
1,636,920
1,214,350
22,360
4,255,875
3,112,066
1,829,761
1,745,627
10,558
3,566,656
2,517,773
15,001,496
2,097,702
134.608,539
14,735,065
9,776,094
383,686,842
Russia, Black
Spain
13,122,906
4,391.046
17,124
85,166
374.915,376
37,798,122
18,345,769
700,870,822
10.927,069
4,648,101
17,578
41,733
341.268,620
27,791,839
18,110,196
627,975,133
11,450,270
1.657,218
89,327,477
11,375.564
6,669,954
295,077,865
Turkey i n Europe
United Kingdom England
Total Europe
North America Bermuda
444,595
112,959
461,707
181,809
928,876
320,923
821.564
402,833
British Honduras
Dominion of Canada Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc..
4.474,653
22,922,030
3,394,233
30,790,916
5,851,156
26,917,630
3,765,425
36,534,211
4,050,617
50,761,245
1,852,232
56,664,094
4.041,775
46,754,527
2,098,614
52,894,916
British Columbia.
Total Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
535,815
431,836
1,649,129
1,126,999
Central American States Costa Rica
Guatemala
2,287.384
2,225,586
765,138
1,564,472
2,926,4641
9,769,049
3,295,596
2,699,469
872,210
1,538,792
3,174,677
11,580,744
1,002.049
1,664,584
558,511
935,142
1,071,695
5,231.981
984,085
2,665,408
645,781
1,073,467
1.260,628
6,629,369
Honduras
Nicaragua
Salvador
Total Central American States
Miquelon, Langley, etc
28,727,006
117,255
15,628,746
185,213
12,842,149
156,644
15,005,903
170,224
West Indies British
13,017,178
511,970
62,687
18,336
840,046
3,200.852
75.678,261
3,135,634
96,464,964
9,777,444
238,775
176,408
27,630
2,746,539
1.514,583
52,305,956
1,506,512
68,793,847
8,512,016
581,959
598,267
1.848,808
5,743.935
1,768.602
20,125,321
2,720,508
41,899,416
7,759,735
495,216
619,420
1,585,355
5,092.801
1,852,505
12,313.704
1,833,544
31,552,280
Danish
Dutch
French
Haiti
Santo Domingo ...
Spanish Cuba
Puerto Rico
Total West Indies
South America Argentine Republic
3,497,030
7,675,270
4,862,746
10.071
13,866.001
2,272,530
2,784,631
761,178
2,414,720
390,857
105,857
4,455,600
10,888
15,165,01)9
2,791,099
2,596.302
735,341
1,705,219
343.509
90,661
Bolivia
Brazil
79,360,159
3,536,11)7
2,234,837
816,484
4,223,9rO
1,078.541
23,400
1,001
78,831,476
4.465,561
3,713.682
821,666
2,521,704
855,508
25,065
10.274
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guianas British
Dutch
French
Paraguay
Uruguay
491.384
1,419,573
3,464,481
100.147,107
473,315
2.699,(i48
10,073,951
112.167,120
591,377
1,015.171
4,137,163
33,212,310
630,385
1.262.001
3,740,464
33,526,538
Venezuela
Total South America
Bast Indies British
17,135,028
14,829,661
11,278,725
20,544,792
21.287.540
7,727,282
92
762,236
23,682,5.83
100
441,0131
5,862.426
4,329,103
1.722,876
193,049
4.209,847
3,986,815
3.603.365
2,855,091
1,154.515
69.136
4.172.280
4,634,655
Dutch
French
Hongkong
892,511
19,426,522
Japan
Korea
Russia, Asiatic
355,476
163.8551
202,897
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 35
COUNTRIES.
Imports.
Exports.
1894.
1895.
1894.
1895.
$2,204.973
63,501
66,186,397
$3,047.891
83,487
77,577,016
$107,162
297,628
20,872,761
$130,236
426,<45
17,248,920
All other Asia
Total Asia
4.017.025
367,239
10.0f>5.317
7,008,342
21,457,923
4,721,044
209,771
7.SSS.'.V,1
4,731,366
17,551,142
8,131,939
880,590
3.30K.187
145,466
11,914,182
9,014,268
252.651
3,720,177
119,255
13,106.351
Total Oceanica
Africa British Africa
464,067
23,123
99,099
12,800
210.721
4,680
2.165,485
42,544
456,799
3,479,338
776,231
48,394
282,698
9,775
68,675
6,629
3,628,4tK
90,776
797,554
5,709,194
3.983,883
203,257
215.947
32,037
42,920
86,250
181,252
5,200.275
232,997
32S.250
18,080
167,920
109,358
137,694
Liberia
Madagascar
Tripoli.
All other Africa
178,313
4,923,859
183,189
6.377,763
557,351
2,905
84,125
55,959
700,340
Total Africa
All other countries All other British
1,660,639
1,382,674
595,087
1,392
2,312
54,635
653,426
All other Spanish
180
22,614
1,683,433
386
85,389
1,468.449
Total all other countries
Grand total
tYd.994,622 "
31,957,876
892.140,572 f
07.539,133
RECAPITULATION.
Europe
295,077,865^
166,962,559
100,147,107
66.186,397
21,457,923
3.479,338
1,683,433
,83,686,842
33,798,113
12,167,120
77.577.0U
17,551,142
5,709,194
1,468,449
700,870,8221
119,693,212
33.212,310
20.872,761
11.914,182
4,923,8:,9
653,426
27,975,133
118,604,088
33,526,538
17,248,920
13,106,351
6,377,763
700,340
North America
South America
Asia
Oceanica
Africa
All other countries
SUMMARY-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.
[Fiscal years 1894 and 1895.]
GROUPS.
1894.
1895.
IMPORTS.
Free of Duty Articles of food and live animals
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts ... .
$244.414,83
1U5.281.01
16,164,52
11,106,161
2,828,99
379,795.531
Per ct.
? 64.36
r 27.72
9 4.26
) 2.93
r .73
3 100.00
$152,931,261
162,010,11
26,269.68
15.465.69,
7,522,51
363,228,27
Per ct.
i 42. 10
i 44.61
1 6.96
i 4.26
i 2.07
1 100.00
For consumption ;
Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc
Total free of duty
Duti able Articles of food and live animals
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry. .. .
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts
34~23877;->
33,641,71
47,797,15,
89.830,51
69.690,901
275,199.08
i 12.44
3 12.23
> 17.37
3 32.64
3 25.32
5 100.00
82,797,27
29,070,69
48.39ti.97
122,731,44,
85,733,21
368,729,60
i 22.45
r 7.88
I 13.13
3 33.29
2 2125
L 100.00
Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc
Total dutiable
Free and Dutiable Articles of food and live animals. ....
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts
2"7s.653~,56
138,922,73
63,961,68
100,936.67
72,519,95
654,994,62'
7 42.54
j 21.21
1 9.77
3 15.41
r 11.07
2 100.00
235,728,5s 1
191,119.81
73.65fi.65.
138,197,14
93,255,731
731,957,87
) 32.21
) 26.11
> 10.06
I 18.88
) 12.74
) 100.00
Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc
Total imports of merchandise
EXPORTS.
Domestic Products of Agriculture
628.363,03
183,718.48
20.449,59
28.010.95
4,261,92
4,400.94
869.204.93
3 72.28
i 21.14
3 2.35
3 3.22
D .49
4 .52
100.00
553,215,31
183,595.74,
id,5U!t.8i
28,576^81
5,328,80
4,171,97
793,397,891
r 69.68
5 23.14
I 2.35
) 3.62
.68
( .53
) 100.00
Forest
Fisheries
Miscellaneous
Total
Foreign Free of duty
Dutiable
8,841.18
14,094,45
22,935,63
I) 38.60
} 61.40
5 100.00
7.476.90 1
6.644,41!
14,141,35
52.88
* 47.12
100.00
Total
36 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
OUR TRADE WITH CANADA.
EXPORTS TO CANADA.
PRINCIPAL AND OTHER ARTICLES.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
$57,802
975,84b
94,238
808,156
4,194,320
381,485
34,407
2,582,575
657,095
566,983
137.818
97.527
36,516
80,625
23,034
271,752
64.128
96,909
S.446.U97
45,876
74.844
88,635
3,721,054
94,817
156,040
554,559
1,175,697
66,9%
356,584
261,125
451,88(
191,500
323,42b
1,321,327
351.153
427,852
42.307
154,855
1,094,168
514,393
1,660.558
$09,426
8r5,064
109,958
741,844
3.308.786
324,634
24,432
2,643,87!)
255,872
362.959
162,512
109,042
30,612
106,348
33,510
276.466
59,070
86,997
9,530.482
62,211
61,233
117,847
3,788,457
117.892
161J002
495,927
1,216.881
66,147
462,153
235,000
425,920
287,595
411,252
1,042.306
368,390
441,557
36.245
89,873
1,164,121
492,233
1,869,720
$81,569
953,177
103,781
754.009
2,188.833
204,728
1.988,524
5.202,461
226,202
320,567
130,688
115,479
36.694
113.427
46,559
307,444
27,679
104,108
9,995,736
82,947
50,954
256,180
3.579.227
94,538
234,320
560,379
1,228,792
62.664
663,066
266,763
413,352
546,715
411,875
1,209.962
355,363
424,332
43,539
206,961
1,063,507
428,181
1,674,377
$39,14
594,240
103,762
749,829
2,619,607
158,431
185,620
3,423,760
169,959
284,136
138,839
144,987
26,678
116,638
35,009
223,29!*
39,896
119,976
10.673.700
102,382
55,990
197,498
3,459,427
104,684
247,369
658,428
1,272,426
58,88E
661,203
260,018
395,320
634,806
370.931
1.203,005
421.2ST
407,910
42,809
183,478
1,222,646
402,632
1,731,053
$40,817
518,631
97,986
692.341
5,547,175
149,224
81,641
3,252,117
247.521
586,019
123,219
120,597
33.281
88,909
61,015
269.183
33,263
97,343
9.781,922
106,525
52,039
190.194
2,852,654
98.071
214,272
574,749
1,226,619
58,481
451,9(8
233,517
359.164
229,554
332.157
1,386,222
391,430
364,086
33,467
224,747
1,185,855
395,354
1 664,857
Animals, living
Cornmeal
Rye
Wheat
Wheat flour
All other
Pricks, clays, and tiles
Buttons of all kinds
Carriages, tram, passenger and freight cars, etc. .
Cordage and twine, and manufactures of, n. e. s. .
Cotton, and manufactures of Unmanufactured..
Manufactures of Bleached and unbleached
All other . .
Electric apparatus
Green
Gutta-percha and India rubber, and manufactures
or .....
Hats, caps, and bonnets
319,133
796,55-2
417,973
303,63!
5,545,324
21,910
233,960
605,8*2
319,05C
965,795
101.314
136,29!
682.805
3.018.0:4
391,83b
340.517
50,201
500,151
123,411
1,430,6-39
219.757
512,00:
2,779.059
838.649
5,641,217
.)9..-)2;;.054
273,039
675,130,
438,546
3-27,896
5,555.995
30,199
252,206
577,752
309,830
1,079,445
115.862
133,995
659.160
2,388,032
411.162
310,629
58,751
254,298
158,124
1,547,290
183,946
401,738
2,969.329
671.549
5.731.273
58,044,081
227,742
805,576
418,463
279,124
5,790,407
104,257
211,831
062.280
295.273
1.029,717
92.04
158, 12S
719,561
2,227,253
672,104
384,670
54,743
307,948
97,110
1,863.864
190,012
306,526
2.20U,9.->3
849.429
5,890,207
62,601,439
184,259
943,961
390,015
325.239
5,8:56.557
152,180
262,316
926.883
278.450
1,070,366
70,368
155,399
737.846
1,003,313
432.532
341.972
61,142
355.353
89,286
1.746,301
178.757
308.199
2,166.570
727.635
6,767,030
59,153,707
179,270
723.637
355,897
197,000
5,130,487
126.487
121,095
737,258
20^.023
1,010,304
116,891
156.071
649.102
1,831,867
598,853
329,847
40.178
1.231,375
119,776
1.705,313
195,136
257,433
2,t!06.41P
747.835
5,210,733
59,032.498
Metals and minerals Brass, and manufactures ot
Tin, and manufactures of
Paintings, drawings, engravings, in oil or water.
Tea
All other articles
Total merchandise
Gold and silver. .
926,312
1,652,180
1,395.440 5,882,180
2,238,009
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER. 37
OUR TRADE WITH CANADA. CONTINUED.
IMPORTS FROM CANADA.
PRINCIPAL AND OTHER ARTICLES.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
Animals Cattle,
$107,391
I.ai9,355
764,217
110,716
2,941,679
$29,245
1.370,192
763,481
57,048
2,219,966
$21,777
1,220,665
1,117.121
57,897
2,417,460
$11,052
1,250,189
1,129,499
199,617
2,590,357
$3,891
713,671
659,216
66,846
1,443,624
All other
Total
Ashes, including pot and pearl
Books, periodicals, and other p
Breadstuff's and grain Barley.
33,645
48,061
49,869
57,113
52.081
57,331
66.854
57,586
56,238
50,006
rinted matter
4,582,575
2,849,281
1,354,485
638,279
216,493
Wheat
6,625
113,320
11,758
696,316
274,033
5.684,627
613,690
95,131
8,710
951,709
221,212
4,739,733
871,263
88,207
55,654
893,270
200,287
3,463,166
246,568
6,017
23,635
779,211
283.351
1,977.061
76,846
43
22,177
592,005
188,227
1,095,791
Rye
Oats ,
All other
Total
Coal and coke
2,309,064
160,392
61,819
38,473
2,679,988
297,829
I 248,689
570,075
| 481,276
54,791
174.965
2.713,967
13t,972
49.717
27,165
3.827.r,06
280,808
389,801
321,382
477,311
29.408
152.482
2.97J.223
133,883
42,403
20,530
3,304,649
227,013
280,262
483,574
476,768
43,569
123,661
2,982.657
164,728
48,99U
25,894
3,493,959
248,180
691,226
409,397
398,090
25.584
97,898
3,118,746
116,026
38.fr.JO
36,766
3,317,687
230,877
469,500
524,851
291,439
24.277
64,385
Fertilizers
Fish, and products of
Flax, hemp, and jute, manufac
tures of . .
Furs, and manufactures of
Hides and skins, raw
Hoofs, horns, and tips
Lime
Metals and minerals (exclusive
Copper, and manufactu
Iron and steel, and manufacl
Asbestus
of gold and silver)
109,327
206,778
403,800
143,390
863,295
238,246
206,807
374,687
304,645
1,124.385
188,453
188,203
375,956
753,881
1,506,493
375,039
208,151
368.373
610,337
1,561,900
53,605
161,934
279,926
886,768
1,382,233
All other
Total
Musical instruments
32,909
38,461
35,583
16,547
50,470
98,279
52,219
84,841
43,724
15,838
Oil cake and meal ,
Provisions, n.e. s. Butter and cheese, lard, bacon
and hams, shoulders and sides, and other meats.
Seeds and bulbous roots -
I,9ia833
1,152,871
595,014
406,28b
243,559
35,001
700
33,457
364.154
92,535
57,805
405,382
11.635,470
248,598
793,460
4.937,058
37,242.491
57,974
5,257
59,794
338.163
122,086
41.950
1,571,951
13,633,151
247.729
1,012,312
4,511,470
39,402,223
25,778
8,000
77,648
333,774
148,216
48,870
111,950
13,207,350
208,283
1,155,653
5,091,965
36,766,316
83,708
36,507
35,300
145,750
320,981
108,073
118,038
301,167
13,814,079
15,662
940,709
4,822,742
33.228.595
Ships
Spirits and wines
110,905
394,935
377,132
77.180
366.205
15,518,862
228,030
1.303.378
5,632,095
39.476.138
Sugar and molasses
Tobacco, and manufactures ot
Vegetables
Wool, and manufactures of. . . .
All other articles Settlers' eff
Other
3CtS
Total merchandise
Gold and silver
3,-ttO,31!l
1,736.472
2,221,711
4,446,872
2.581.345
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER COIN AND BULLION.
[Fiscal years IS
94 and 1895 ending June 30.1
COUNTRIES FROM WHICH
IMPORTED.
GOLD. SILVER. TOTAL.
1894.
1895. 1894. 1895. 1894.
1895.
France
$10,742,507
14,437,867
31, (518,545
96,753
16,902
1,669,399
308,458
267,397
1,503.818
440,289
$7.845,S
1,376,'
14,996,?
60,1
8,t
3,176,;:
337,(
286,1
1,84U
275,<
S3 $21,505
62 1.905
,69 13,508
56 1,026
64 305,170
143 114,401
39
$5,126 $10,764,102
12,328 14,439,772
65,508 31,632,053
3,295 97,779
$87,887 322,072
$00,537 1,783,800
39,497 308,458
152,701 692,70!)
302,269 12,790,lil9
39,913 487,336
$7,850.709
1.389,090
14,161,877
69,451
296,551
3,376,880
377,136
438,815
9,644.160
315,546
Germany
England
Other Europe
British Honduras
Quebec, Ontario, etc
Briti sh Columbia
Central American States
Mexico
14 425.322
!91 11,286,381 7,
i 47,047
British West Indies
38 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER. CONTINUED.
COUNTRIES FROM WHICH
IMPORTED.
GOLD.
SILVER.
TOTAL.
1894.
1895.
1894.
1895.
1894.
1895.
Cuba
$7,305.375
394,595
609,849
767,554
63,012
1,969,487
235,890
$3,550,756
204,950
675,578
325,819
24.370
978,265
73,750
1,657
$38,146
293,987
658,851
788
76,920
330
1,175
$39,348
440.697
429,297
$7,343,521
688,592
1,268,700
768.342
139,932
1.969,817
237,065
$3.590.104
645,647
1.101,875
325.819
88JQ8
978,265
88.259
1,657
5,610
Other West Indies
Colombia
Venezuela
14,433
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
14,509
All other countries.
1,422
435
5,175
1,422
Total
72,449,119
I5,4JO,000
28,811.650
15,069,210
725,400
1,729.824
44,347
322,740
80,224
102585
12,351,317
785,388
19,704
44,067
87,200
454,925
7,400
35,146,734
28,625.400
14.857.754
8.346,068
250,000
3,311,761
15,777
40.900
4,943
121,988
8,186,805
697,849
15,131
33.140
16,082
935,460
5,232
13,286,552
201.000
94,950
35.107,908
9,.V>2.520|
1,500
81,317
31,973,355
86,000
168,161
11,720
520,819
546.121
12,182
12,986
625
250,217
13.960
458.358
1.323
193,326
3.949.700
4.500,519
4,440,763
3,000
1.365
85,735,671
15651 000
44,699.254
28,626.900
14,939.071
40,31'.M'.':i
330.000
8,479. ;c>2
27,497
561,7191
551,064
134,170
8,199,791
f.fls.474
265.348
47,100
474,440
936,783
19&S68
3,949,700
4,591,912
4,441,263
578,000
1.365
COUNTRIES TO WHICH
EXPORTED.
2s,90t5,GO(>
50.177,198
725,400
1,877,151
61,098
615,420
708,932
lp:).405
12.388,827
897,183
157,908
48.227
580.020
454,925
120,331
163,500
9,137,786
3,849,030
794,085
5,300
England
Other Europe
147,327
16,751
292,680
628,708
7,120
37,510
111,795
138,201
4.160
492,820
ritish Columbia
Central American States
Mexico
Cuba
Haiti
Other West Indies.
Colombia
112.931
163.500
9.037,571
3,819,030
2,01)0
5,300
China
Hongkong
100,215
91,393
500
575,000
Japan
Hawaiian Islands
792,085
All other countries
Total
76,978,061
66.131,183
50,451,265
47,227,317
127,429,326
113,358,500
IMPORT DUTIES LEVIED BY SEVER/
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
Articlt*. D
Flour, per brl . .$1
LLET7
uly.
61
16.6
06.1
05.1
.18.3
07.8
.30
45
.88
36.8
08.4
14.7
.12.5
14.7
.22.7
.32.3
54
.22
.09.7
ROF
Ai
Floi
Wh
Con
Oat
Rye
Bar
Mea
Lar
Ai
FlOl
Wh
Con
Oat
Rye
Lar
Flo
Wh
CO
Flo
BAN COUNTRIES ON FARM PRODUCTS
ITALY.
ticles. Duty.
ir, per brl . . . $1 97 3
Wheat, per bu
Corn, per bu ,
jat, perbu 3(5.8
i, per bu 05 r>
Oats, per bu
i, per bu 11 9
Rye, per bu
Barley, per bu
Meats of all kinds per 100 Ibs . .. 1
, per bu
ey, perbu
ts, salted and stuokei
i per 1 b
20.
04.8
1, per Ib 02 1
Lard, per 100 Ibs 3
American pork prohibited.
FRANCE.
Flour, per brl fl
Wheat, per bu '
Oats, per bu
nerican pork prohibited.
PORTUGAL WHEN ALLOWED,
ir, per brl $2.02
3at. .perbu 58.7
i, per bu 49.3
Rye, per bu
Barley, perbu
Corn, per bu
GERMANY.
Wheat, per bu.,with countrU
special commercial treaties
Wheat, per bu., other countrie
Flour, per brl.. with countri
special commercial treaties
Flour, per brl., other countrie
Oats, per bu .
;s having
, per bu 48. 8
d, per Ib 05
RUSSIA.
ir per brl $ .83 8
GREECE.
eat, per bu., with countries having
mmercial treaties with Greece $ .16.8
SPAIN,
ir, wheat, per brl S3. 26
s
js having
i 2
Rye. per bu
.21.2
.10.6
.09.7
.80
62
62
19
Flo
Wh
Cor
Oat
Rye
Por
Salt
IT, other, p
eat, per bu
Q per bu
erbrl... .. 1.24.2
Barley, per bu
42
. .21 .ft
Butter, per 100 Ibs 1
Meat, per 100 Ibs . .1
.perbu 21.5
Pork, per 100 Ibs 1
k. lard, bacon and hams, per Ib 01.3
d and dr ed meats, per Ib 01
Live hogs, per head 1
OCCUPATIONS OP THE PEOPLE. 39
SWEDEN.
Flour, per brl $1.40
Wheat,
Corn, pe
Oats, pe
Rye, pei
per bu ... J.01 .0
r bu 01 5
Wheat, per bu 21
t bu Free
Corn, per bu 08.5
bu 01 5
Oats, per bu Free
Barley,
The ts
America
Switze
. corn anc
F THE
per bu .-. .. 01 5
Kye, per bu 08.5
TURKEY AND BULGARIA.
iriff rate is 8 per cent, ad valorem,
n pork prohibited,
rland abolished its import duties on
I oats May 20, 1893.
PEOPLE.
Barley, per bu 06.8
Lard, per Ib 01.2
NORWAY.
Flour, wheat, per brl $ .29.78
OCCUPATIONS
Number of persons in the United States engaged in each specified occupation, classified by
sex, Census of 1890.
OCCUPATIONS.
Total.
Males.
Females.
All occupations
22,735,661
18,820.950
3,914.711
Agriculture, fisheries, and mining
9,013,201
8,333,092
679,509
Agricultural laborers (1)
3,004,015
1,800
17,80fi
5,281,557
60,150
72,601
65,857
208,549
141.039
37,658
70,734
as,697
17,738
944,323
2,556,930
1,755
16,072
5,055.1,30
59,887
70,186
osk*.)
208,330
140,W>
37,628
70,047
33.6S5
17,327
632,641
447,085
45
1,734
226.427
263
2,415
28
219
133
30
687
32
411
311,682
Dairymen and datrywomen
Farmers, planters, and overseers (2)
Gardeners, florists, nurserymen, and vine growers
Miners (coal)
Miners (not otherwise specified)
Wood choppers
Other agricultural pursuits (4)
Professional service
9,728
8,070
22,486
6,714
4,510
88,295
17,498
9,392
43,242
21,849
89,630
62,155
2,926
79,664
5,779
8,048
11,676
3,989
4,464
87,060
17,161
9,086
43,115
20,961
89,422
27,636
2,926
74,789
100,218
4,697
96,581
17,421
6,492
1,090
2,692,820
3,949
22
10,810
2,725
46
1,235
337
30C
127
888
208
34,519
Artists and teachers of art
Authors and literary and scientific persons..
Clergymen
Dentists
Engineers (civil, mechanical, electrical, and mining)
and surveyors
.Lawyers
Musicians and teachers of music
OfiHcers of United States army and navy. . .
Officials (government) (5)
4,875
4,555
245,230
634
2
479
1,667,680
Physicians and surgeons
104,803
5,432
341,811
18,055
6,494
1,569
4,360,506
Professors In colleges and universities
Teachers . .
Veterinary surgeons
Other professional service
Domestic and personal service
Barbers and hairdressers
84,976
55,807
44,349
139,765
44,140
92,810
2,552
21,556
1,913,317
82,151
55,(M)
11,766
139,718
38,825
6,008
2,531
18,776
1,858,504
2,825
147
32,593
5,315
86,802
21
2,780
54,813
Engineers and Bremen (not locomotive)
Hotelkeepers
Housekeepers and stewards (6)
(1) In agricultural districts "agricultural
laborers" are often reported simply as
"laborers."
(2) Farmers' wives, sons and daughters,
working in common and without stated re-
muneration, especially in the southern states,
are often reported as "farmers" and so tabu-
lated.
(3) Frequently returned as "sailors." In
many cases where the avocation is followed
for only a portion of the year they are re-
ported under some other branch of industry.
(4) Includes "turpentine farmers and labor-
ers," principally found in a few of the
southern states.
(5) Includes national, state, county, city
and town governments.
(6) Includes paid housekeepers in private
families, hotels, etc.. matrons in public and
private Institutions and stewards and stew-
ardesses.
40 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED.
OCCUPATIONS.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Launderers and laundresses
248,443
58,090
19,301
71,412
1,443,399
4.981
27,919
74,633
13,053
3,325,962
31,816
6,688
16,885
69,137
237,523
4,954
27.919
74,350
9,619
3.097,653
216,627
51,402
2,416
2,275
l.'JOo^Tf,
30
Nurses and midwives
Restaurant keepers
Saloonkeepers
Servants
Sextons
Soldiers, sailors, and marines (United States) (1)
Watchmen, policemen, and detectives
283
3,434
228,309
Other domestic and personal service . .-.
Trade and transportation
Agents (claim, commission, real estate, insurance, etc.)
and collectors
174,579
3,207
30,020
16,719
159,374
5,985
iVxj.'.XHI
58,701
368,502
36,100
54,029
59,083
26.767
79,463
46.411
42,587
115,085
10,090
3,657
446,230
27,542
51,355
5,288
39,956
24,930
4,266
24,327
55,904
264 3SO
382,750
33.333
37,435
52,214
11,134
9.900
3,897
3,882
5,091,669
169,704
3,205
29,516
16.683
131,602
5,953
492,852
581089
3t>8,26.j
35,117
54.005
56,824
26.719
79.459
45,672
40,358
108,722
9,945
3,609
430,303
27,344
48,446
5,216
39,719
18,426
4.265
24,002
55.875
205,931
381,312
12,148
37,423
43,740
10,465
9.817
3.842
3,080
4,064,144
4,875
2
504
36
27,772
12
C4,048
612
237
983
24
2,259
48
4
739
2,229
6,363
145
48
15,927
198
2,909
72
237
6,504
1
325
29
58,449
1,438
21,185
12
8,474
G69
8A
55
802
1.027,525
Auctioneers
Bankers and brokers (money and stocks)
Boatmen and canalmen
Bookkeepers and accountants (2)
Brokers (commercial)
Clerks and copyists (3)
Commercial travelers
Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc
Foremen and overseers
Hostlers....
Hucksters and peddlers
Merchants and dealers in drugs and chemicals (retail).
Merchants and dealers in dry goods (retail)
Merchants and dealers in groceries (retail)
Merchants and dealers in wines and liquors (retail)
Merchants and dealers in wines and liquors (whole-
sale)
Merchants and dealers, not specified (retail)
Merchants and dealers (wholesale), importers and
shipping merchants
Messengers and errand and office boys
Newspaper carriers and newsboys
Officials of banks and of insurance, trade, transporta-
tion, trust, and other companies (5).
Packers and shippers
Pilots
Porters and helpers (in stores and warehouses). . . ,
Sailors (1)
Salesmen and saleswomen
Steam railroad employes (not otherwise specified) (6). .
Stenographers and typewriters
Street railway employes
Telegraph and telephone operators
Telegraph and telephone linemen and electric light
Undertakers
Weighers, gaugers, and measurers
Other persons m trade and transportation
Manufacturing and mechanical industries
Agricultural implement makers (not otherwise classi-
fied) (7)
3.771
4,245
1,031
6,735
853
4,439
422
9,729
1.927
1,335
2,322
3,717
4,242
1,004
6,726
851
132
421
9,717
1,926
140
2,314
54
3
27
9
2
4,307
1
12
I486
8
Apprentices (blacksmiths)
Apprentices (boot and shoe makers)
Apprentices (carpenters and joiners)
Apprentices (carriage and wagon makers)
Apprentices (dressmakers)
Apprentices (milliners)
Apprentices (painters,
(1) "Sailors" at sea are liable to be omitted (4) See "Steam railroad employes (not
unless they are actual members of families otherwise specified)."
which are enumerated. (5) Includes officials of mining and quarry-
(2) Includes bookkeepers and accountants ing companies, classified in 1880 with officials
of all kinds, irrespective of where they may of manufacturing companies,
happen to be employed. (6) See "Locomotive engineers and flre-
(3) Includes clerks and copyists of all kinds, men."
irrespective of where they may happen to be (7) Generally reported as blacksmiths, car-
employed. See "Stenographers and type- penters, iron and steel workers, machinists,
writers." painters, wood workers, etc.
OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE.
OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED.
OCCUPATIONS.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Apprentices (plumbers) 4,579
Apprentices (printers) : 4 628
Apprentices (tailors) , 2,625
Apprentices (tinsmiths) 2,03(5
Apprentices (not otherwise specified) 35,580
Artificial tiower makers 3130
Bakers 60,181
Basket makers 5,223
Blacksmiths 205,315
Bleachers, dyers, and scourers 14,192
Bone and ivory workers 1,792
Bookbinders 23,787
Boot and shoe makers and repairers 213,447
Bottlers, and m ineral and soda water makers 7,215
Box makers (paper) 19,239
Box makers (wood) 9,446
Brass workers (not otherwise specified) (1) 17,268
Brewers and maltsters (2) 20,349
Brick and tile makers and terra cotta workers (2) 60,201
Britannia workers 1,020
Broom and brush makers 10,117
Builders and contractors 45,986
Butchers 105,442
Butter and cheese makers 11,440
Button makers 2,589
Cabinet makers 35,926
Candle, soap and tallow makers 3,449
Carpenters and Joiners 611,417
Carpet makers (3) 22,290
Carriage and wagon makers (not otherwise classified)
<4>...T ; I 34,572
Charcoal, coke, and lime burners 8,699
Chemical works employes (5) 3,733
Clock and watch makers and repairers 25,303
Compositors (6) 29,988
Confectioners 23,168
Coopers 47,489
Copper workers 3,381
Corset makers 6,608
Cotton mill operatives (7) 173,058
Distillers and rectifiers (5) 3,349
Door, sash, and blind makers (8) 5,062
Dressmakers 288,983
Klectroplaters 2,757
Klectrotypers and stereotypers (6) 1,508
Engravers 8,319
Fertilizer makers (5) 716
Fish curers and packers (9) 1,303
Gas works employes (5) 5,246
Glass workers 34,382
Glove makers 6,432
Gold and silver workers 20,225
Gunsmiths, locksmiths, and bell hangers 9,154
Hair workers 1,266
Harness and saddle makers ami repairers 43,468
Hat and cap makers 24,030
Hosiery and knitting mill operatives (3) 29,219
Iron and steel workers (10) 144,536
Lace and embroidery makers 5,393
Lead and zinc workers 4,685
Leather curriers, dressers, finishers, and tanners 39,345
Machinists 177,076
Manufacturers and officials of manufacturing com-
panies 103,265
4,576
4,47t>
1,925
2,032
31,039
603
57.908
4,517
205,25(i
12.495
1,548
12,289
179,838
6,659
6,271
8,098
16,35,'i
20,277
60,007
893
8,944
45,976
105,313
10,941
1,067
35.891
3.053
611,226
11,545
34,294
8.684
2,689
20,543
23,702
17,562
47,435
3,373
792
80,144
3,340
5,034
828
2,645
1,503
8,016
705
1,095
5,209
32,660
2,760
9,065
708
42,612
17,336
8.706
142,087
915
4,452
39,032
176,937
101,216
(1) See "Molders" and "Metal workers (not
otherwise specified)."
(2) The unskilled workmen are often re-
ported as common laborers.
(3) See "Woolen mill operatives" and "Mill
and factory operatives (not specified)."
(4) Generally reported as blacksmiths, car-
penters, iron and steel workers, machinists,
painters and varnishers. upholsterers and
trimmers, wheelwrights, wood workers, etc.
(5) The unskilled workmen are often re-
ported as common laborers.
(6) See "Printers, lithographers and press-
men."
(7) See "Print-works operatives" and "Mill
and factory operatives (not specified)."
(8) See "Saw and planing mill employes."
(9) See "Meat and fruit packers, canners
and preservers."
(10) Includes employes of foundries, fur-
naces and rolling mills. See "Metal workers
(not otherwise specified)," "Molders." "Nail
and tack makers," and "Stove, furnace and
grate makers."
42
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED.
OCCUPATIONS.
Total.
Females.
Marble and stone cutters 61,069
Masons (brick and stone) 158,916
Meat and fruit packers, canners, and preservers (!}... 6,002
Mechanics (not otherwise specified) , 15,481
Metal workers (not otherwise specified) 16,702
Mill and factory operatives (not specified) (2)., 93,411
Millers (flour and grist) 52,844
Milliners 60.464
Model and pattern makers 10,301
Molders 66,288
Musical instrument makers (not otherwise specified)
(3) 724
Nail and tack makers (4) 4,638
Oil well employes 9,239
Oil works employes 5,624
Painters, glaziers and varnishers 219,868
Paper hangers 12,367
Paper mill operatives 27,824
Photographers 20,029
Piano and organ makers and tuners (5) 14,717
Plasterers 38,935
Plumbers and gas and steam fitters 56,597
Potters 14,963
Powder and cartridge makers 1,396
Printers, lithographers and pressmen (6) 86,454
Print works operatives (7) 7,103
Publishers of books, maps, and newspapers 6,426
Roofers and slaters 7,137
Rope and cordage makers 8,420
Rubber factory operatives 16,349
Sail, awning, and tent makers 3,244
Salt works employes 1,867
Saw andplaning mill employes (8) 133.518
Seamstresses (9; 149,704
Sewing machine makers (not otherwise classified) (10). 1,085
Sewing machine operators (11) 7,088
Ship and boat builders 22,932
Shirt, collar, and cuff makers (12) 21,155
Silk mill operatives (13) 34,814
Starch makers 775
Steam boiler makers 21 ,278
Stove, furnace, and grate makers (4, 9,420
Straw workers 3,805
Sugar makers and refiners 2,737
Tailorsand tailoresses (12) 185.197
Tinners and tinware makers 55,374
Tobacco and cigar factory operatives ' 111,422
Tool and cutlery makers (not otherwise classified) (13). 18.105
Trunk, valise, leather-case, and pocketbook makers. . . 6,300
Umbrella and parasol makers 3,415
Upholsterers 25,723
Well borers 4,889
Wheelwrights 12,853
Whitewasners 3,984
Wire workers 12,348
Wood workers (not otherwise specified) 67,225
Woolen mill operatives (14) 84,071
Other persons in manufacturing and mechanical in-
dustries : 74,686
61,006
153,874
4,604
15,468
15,840
51,561
52,745
406
10,156
66,241
701
4.130
9.229
5,587
218,622
12,313
17,834
14,360
38,912
56,555
12,943
978
80.889
5,356
6,207
7,134
5,044
9,886
2,999
1,758
133,216
1,145
22.929
5,206
14,192
581
21,272
9,397
1,312
2,733
121,586
54,427
83,601
17,454
5,467
1.480
23,916
4,888
12,852
3,975
J 1,255
68,529
47,636
59,807
63
42
1,398
13
862
41,859
99
60,058
145
47
23
508
10
37
1,246
51
8,955
2,195
357
23
42
2,020
418
5,565
1,747
219
3,376
6,463
245
109
302
145,716
197
5,883
15,949
20,622
194
6
23
2,463
4
63,611
947
27,821
651
833
1,935
1,807
1
1
9
1.093
3,696
36,435
14,879
(1) See "Fish curers and packers."
(2) Includes textile mill operatives (not
otherwise specified), and also mill and factory
hands for whom the specific branch of in-
dustry was not reported.
(3) See "Piano and organ makers and
tuners."
(4) See "Iron and steel workers" and "Metal
workers (not otherwise specified)."
(5) See "Musical instrument makers (not
otherwise specified)."
(6) See "Compositors" and "Electretypers
and stereotvpere." '
(7) See "Cotton mill operatives" and "Mill
and factory operatives (not specified),"
(8) See "Door, sash and blind makers."
(9) See "Sewing machine operators, 4 ' "Shirt,
collar, and cuff makers." and "Tailors and
tailoresses."
(10) Generally reported as cabinetmakers,
iron and steel workers, machinists, wood
workers, etc.
(11) See "Seamstresses," "Shirt, collar and
cuff makers," and "Tailors and tailoresses."
(12) See "Seamstresses" and "Sewing ma-
chine operators."
(13) Generally reported as blacksmiths, ma-
chinists, etc.
(14) See "Carpetmakers," "Hosiery and
knitting-mill operatives," and "Mill and fac-
tory operatives (not specified)."
WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The following statement, showing the rates
of wages in the general trades in various
countries, has been prepared by the depart-
ment of state.
The rates given for foreign countries have
been compiled from United States Consular
Reports, with the exception of the rates in
New South Wales, which have been compiled
from the Statistical Register of New South
Wales for 1891.
In some cases, where no general rates of
later date were available, the statistics are
taken from a Special United States Consular
Report, entitled Labor in Foreign Countries,
printed in 1884. In nearly all the cases, how-
ever, the rates for 1884 are supplemented by
later statistics, which will be found immedi-
ately following the tabular statements. These
subsidiary figures will aid in arriving at a close
approximation of the present rates of wages
prevailing in those countries. They will, also,
serve to show that only slight changes in the
rates of wages have occurred during the dec-
ade, and that the rates for 1884 are substan-
tially the same as those which now prevail in
foreign countries, the former being, if any-
thing, higher than the present rates.
It was considered necessary, for compara-
tive purposes, to give a column to the United
States, but as there is no department compi-
lation showing the average wages prevailing
in this country the figures were taken from
the report to the United States senate (LJId
congress, second session), upon transportation,
wages and prices for fifty-two years, ended
July. 1891, in certain localities in Connecticut,
Delaware, Illinois. Kentucky, Maryland, Mas-
sachusetts, fTew Hampshire, New York, Penn-
sylvania and Tennessee. The rates for the
several trades, as stated In that report, were
collated, and the averages are the rates given
in this statement. It is deemed necessary to
add, however, that as there is no uniformity in
the number of times the several trades are
mentioned in the reports the tables being
separately printed and in great detail the
rates given cannot be called a true average
of the rates which prevailed in the states
mentioned. For instance, some trades are
mentioned once or twice that is. in one or
two reports, representing only as many places
(cities) while others are mentioned in six, ten
or fifteen, or more, reports; and while the oft-
mentioned trades may be accepted as com-
paratively true averages, the trades men-
tioned in only a few reports represent only
the districts for which they are given. In the
absence of all other statistics, this is the best
that could be done in regard to the United
States, and the rates as a rule should be taken
as only comparatively those which prevailed
in 1891.
The weekly hours of labor that is, the
actual working hours in the several coun-
tries, as well as can be ascertained from the
foregoing sources, are:
COUNTRIES WITH CURRENCIES ON GOLD
BASIS.
Australasia New South Wales, not stated;
New Zealand, 48 hours; Victoria, 48 hours.
Brazil, (X) hours.
Belgium, 54, 60, 72 and T8 hours, 60 hours being
the most general.
Canada, 60 hours.
Denmark (Copenhagen). HO hours.
France, 60. 06 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the
most general.
Germany, 60, 63, 66 and 72 hours, 60 and 66
hours being the most general.
Holland, 60 and 63 hours.
Italy, 60, 66 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the
most general.
Spain. 60, 63 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the
most general.
Switzerland, 60 and 66 hours, the latter being
the most general.
United States, 60 hours.
COUNTRIES WITH CURRENCIES ON SILVER
BASIS.
Austria, 60, 66 and 72 hours, the latter being
the most general.
China In Amoy the general trades labor 60
hours, but in southern China, and generally
throughoutChina, the working hours are from
"daylight to dark," with an hour for the noon-
day meal and a few minutes in the forenoon
and afternoon for tea and refreshments.
Colombia, 60 to 72 hours.
Ecuador (Guayaquil), 60 hours.
Japan Consular reports do not give the
hours of labor, but it may be assumed that
they are somewhat like those prevailing in
China.
Mexico, 60 hours.
Persia From sunrise to sunset. In winter,
an hour at noon for eating; in summer, work-
men have two intermissions, first at 11 o'clock
for breakfast and a few minutes in the after-
noon for lunch. Generally speaking there is
no labor performed on Fridays.
Russia, 60, 69 and 72 hours, the latter being
most prevalent.
Venezuela. 60 hours.
Austria -Hungary and Russia have been
omitted from the fixed-currency table for the
reason that while a gold Dasis has been re-
cently adopted in the former and is being
gradually established in the latter, they were
on a silver basis at the time the rates of wages
given were in force. They are, therefore, in-
cluded in the table of countries having a fluc-
tuating currency, with explanatory notes as
to the present condition of their finances.
The following supplementary statements
give such later information as was obtainable
concerning the rates of wages in gold-stand-
ard countries:
Germany, 1889. Annual wages earned in
the various industries in 1889: Building trades
(not otherwise designated), $124; potters, $157;
machine shops and iron and steel works, $200:
gas works and water works, $194; chemical
industries, $138; leather industries, $187; paper
mills, $162; potteries, $158; glass works, $155;
silk mills, $146; textile industries, $123; rolling
mills, $238; quarries, $63. (Consular Reports
No. 148, p. 97.)
Germany, 1890. The British consul at
Munich, July 9, 1890, reports: In the country
the price of skilled labor is lowest in the tex-
tile industries and highest in parquetry and
in stove and glue factories, etc. male skilled
labor, 48 cents to $1.20; ordinary male labor,
42 to 66 cents; female skilled labor, 34 to 72
cents; ordinary female labor, 26 to 34 cents.
Men's average wages in the industries Tex-
tile, 72 cents; iron industries, $1.28. Printers
in Munich, 82 cents; ordinary labor in Munich,
54 to 66 cents; ordinary labor in the country, 48
cents. Wages of skilled female labor in
Munich, under 72 cents.
Germany, 1892. A Berlin machine maker by
constant work earns $250.60 per annum; a Ber-
lin bricklayer or carpenter, less the rainy and
frosty days, earns $253 per annum; an Er-
langer first workman in a stone quarry. $232.53;
ordinary workman, $187.95. (Consular Reports
No. 145, p. 302.)
England, 1892. Telegraph service, govern-
ment operators: Men, first class, $73 per
week; second class, $2.92, $3.40 and $4.38 per
weok, for first, second and third years respect-
ively. Women, first class, $6.80 per week; sec-
44 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896.
AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES PAID TO THE GENERAL TRADES IN COUNTRIES WITH
CURRENCIES ON GOLD BASIS.
s
s
a
"3
TRADES AND OCCU-
s
i
1
1
1
1
m
8
>
el
73
11
8 8
PATIONS.
s
"S
$
;
_2
^
i
gs
^ S
3
1
I
1
O
I
i
"
I
1
1
g
'i-S
$
P
tS 1
Building trades-
1894.
1884.
1894.
1884.
1884.
1884.
1884.
1884.
1.^4.
1892.
1884.
1884.
1891.
Bricklayers
M4.tai
$7.90
$5.74
$4.21
$7.5T
$7.22
$7.55
$4.89
$4.20
$3.80
$5.21
jixm
$21.18
Hod carriers
9.50
5.00
3.13
2.92
4.94
3.48
4.50
3.60
1.70
2.99
8.40
13.38
Masons
15.30
5.85
5.33
4.67
7.68
7.12
7.10
4.80
3.00
' 's',30
5.27
13.50
21.00
Tenders
9.60
3.28
3.23
3.15
5.07
3.65
4.70
4.00
1.70
3.50
8.40
9.60
Plasterers
15.30
8.30
6.34
4.43
7.80
7.12
6.73
4.00
5.04
"5.' 16
5.03
13.50
23.10
Tenders
9.60
3.28
3.22
2.91
5.27
3.53
4.95
4.00
1.70
3.40
8.40
Slaters
15.30
8.25
5.65
4.20
7.10
6.85
6.86
4.00
4.20
4.35
"2i!66
Roofers
5.34
5.65
4.28
7.35
6.57
7.13
4,20
2.99
'isiso
17.30
Tenders
3.28
3.64
2.81
4.24
3.40
5.10
1.70
3.18
8.40
Plumbers
'13.40
7.92
6.10
4.25
7.90
7.47
7.00
' 4.80
3.60
' '3 .'36
5.18
13.50
'ig'.'oo
Assistants......
9.60
3.60
3.61
2.72
4.69
3.38
4.10
2.80
1.70
3.36
8.40
Carpenters
14.60
7.13
6.20
4.11
7.66
6.97
6.91
4.80
4.00
"s.'oi
4.74
11.60
'i5.'25
Gasfltters
13.40
7.02
6.07
4.08
7.66
7.47
6.86
5.60
3.40
5.04
13.50
11.90
Bakers
11.55
5.73
3.50
6.17
6.53
6.51
4.80
4.00
' 'i.'so
3.88
10.. VI
Blacksmiths
14.60
13.42
"s.'s'i
4.00
7.37
7.07
6.56
4.80
2.90
3.90
5.20
10.50
'is.dz
Strikers
7.65
4.72
2.94
5.30
8.79
4.61
3.60
3.40
4.40
7.00
10.32
Bookbinders
"ie.'M
3.58
5.75
4.20
6.77
7.22
6.70
4.00
3.80
4.68
10.00
Brickmakers
10.00
5.33
3.98
7.00
6.41
5.97
3.29
5.00
' '5.40
4.40
8.10
Brewers
'iiigo
4.56
4.43
5.00
6.85
7.30
6.86
6.00
2.70
3.78
15.00
Butchers
13.07
9.0S
3.32
5.50
6.81
5.95
3.00
3.90
4.66
9.60
Brass founders
16.00
7.0S
'e'.54
4.38
7.47
7.34
6.31
4.00
' '4.'66
4.92
Cabinetmakers
12.20
5.01
6.14
4.25
7.68
7.22
6.73
4.80
3.40
"5 .'25
5.59
'ii.'40
"i3!32
Confectioners
9.75
7.86
4.85
3.40
6.84
6.46
4.80
3.75
3.55
5.84
11.00
Cigarmakers
7.30
7.00
4.65
3.63
6.07
6.11
4.80
3.00
4.80
3.30
9.00
Coopers
13.86
6.45
5.58
3.97
7.50
"e.'s'i
6.66
4.80
2.60
4.78
9.00
ieios
Cutlers
5.16
3.90
7.00
8.03
6.73
3.80
' '4.'50
4.93
Distillers
' ' .'75
10.48
3.56
6.00
6.11
' 'e.'oo
4.20
4.25
4.02
Draymen and team-
sters
10.94
3.54
5.57
2.96
5.37
4.26
5.28
4.40
1.50
8.40
10.80
Drivers-
Cab and carriage
3.86
4.82
3.21
5.15
4.26
5.16
2.50
2.60
2.70
8.40
Street car
6.89
4.47
3.44
4.26
5.16
2.50
3.60
3.00
' 's'.si
10.00
Dyers
5.37
4.83
3.45
' 'e.'is
4.86
6 08
3.60
3 00
3 30
4.91
7.00
' '9 .'66
Engineers
7.35
5.12
8.38
8.27
8.46
8.00
6.00
7.65
6.25
15.00
Furriers
7.00
4.20
8.52
8.03
7.06
4.00
4.60
3.00
4.63
14.00
Gardeners
4.30
5.11
3.78
5.80
4.86
4.98
3.60
4.00
4.95
3.83
8.00
"isiai
Hatters
10.32
5.50
4.36
6.10
7.30
7.88
4.00
5.25
3.84
Horseshoers
7.02
5.89
3.61
6 32
6 21
6 88
4 40
5 20
4*50
4 65
i2"66
Jewelers
iiio
12.00
6.24
5.21
8.76
8.00
7.00
3.20
5.20
3.60
6.35
12.00
Laborers, porters, etc.
9.60
3.35
4.00
3.11
4.70
4.00
4.36
4.80
3.80
2.75
3.63
7.00
"s.ss
Lithographers
13.40
12.90
7.17
5.60
7.07
7.71
7.33
4.80
3.00
5.51
12.00
Millwrights
15.00
6.74
4.18
6.97
7.30
6.76
6.00
6.30
12.00
'ie.'so
Nailmakers, hand
4.84
3.12
5.90
4.87
"Oo
2.64
Printers
'jz'.oo
6.64
7,17
8.52
"7. '27
"e.ob
4.60
"i.'so
5.92
'l6.'42
Potters
3.87
4.7?
' 's'.'eu
5.20
4.38
6.62
6.20
4.00
4.17
Sailmakers
10.32
6.04
2.85
7.02
8.03
6.50
' 'i.'so
2.80
3.90
Shoemakers
3.00
4 00
3 30
Stevedores
17.52
7.75
6.72
6.70
8.84
5.40
6.07
2.00
3.30
Stonecutters
5.18
4.85
3.90
2i.66
Tanners
9.24
3.80
6.35
5.45
6.46
4.00
2.20
4.20
4.92
8.25
Tailors
13.40
' 'e.'se
"i>'.&
3.41
7.40
6.70
6.90
5.00
4.00
4.9U
6.36
9.00
Telegraph operators. .
io.7r>
6.92
5.11
11.00
8.87
12. (X)
5.00
5.20
7.00
7.50
Tinsmiths
"i2'!i6
7.02
5.50
3.5:>
6.50
6.04
6.6i
4.00
6.60
3. OU( 4.41^
6.00
ii.'ss
*The gold standard prevails in Brazil, but the actual currency is paper, which is now valued
at about 18 cents per milreis, while the gold milreis is worth 51.6 cents. As the rates given are
based upon a gold standard, and as it. is now most likely that'labor is paid in paper currency, It
follows that the purchasing power of the paper-currency wage is only about one-third the
purchasing power of the rates given in the table, and that labor has suffered to that extent,
unless wages have been trebled in the meantime.
ond class, $2.43, $2.92 and $3.65 per week for paid $4.86 to $6.32 per week. (Consular Reports
first, second and third years respectively. No. 144, p. 47.)
The second class operators are as two to one England. 1894. Weekly wages in Liverpool
as compared with the first class. The number shipyards: Pattern makers, $8.51; machinists,
of women employed as operators is one-third $8; boiler makers. $8.63; pipe fitters, $8.51; car-
of the total force. Midland railway operators penters, $9.11; drillers, $6.30; joiners, $8.51;
are paid from $97.33 for first year to $389.32 for fitters, $5.59; riveters, $7.90; calkers, $7.90;
the tenth year, the increase taking place year painters, $8; smiths, $9.36; laborers, $4.86.
after year, higher salaries being dealt with (Consular Reports No 170, p. 302.)
according to the special circumstances of Ireland, 1894. Weekly wages paid in Belfast
each case. Great Western railway operators shipyards: Platers, $8.26; helpers, $3.89; rivet-
are paid from $340.65 to $729 per annum. Lan- ers and calkers, $7.53; drillers, $3.77; joiners,
cashire and Yorkshire railway operators are $3; smiths, $7.78; finishers, $7.05; bolt makers,
WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
45
$7.90; strikers, $1.74; pattern makers, $8; fitters,
$7.78; shipwrights, $8.14; laborers, $3.77; riggers
and sawyers, *7.17;sailmakers, $6.96; plumbers,
$8.75: assistants, $2.67: polishers, $7.30; uphol-
sterers, $8.26. (Consular Reports No. 170,
p. 304.)
Scotland, 1894. Weekly wages in the Clyde
shipyards: Pattern makers, $9.35; machinists,
$fi.48; boiler makers and plumbers, $8.64; pipe
fitters, $7.29; shipwrights, $8.10; joiners, $7.84;
drillers, $9.18: riveters, $10.80; calkers, $9.72;
painters, $8.10; furnace men, $6.48; sheet-iron
workers, $7.02; coppersmiths, $8.37; iron mold-
ers, $8.10; brass molders, $6.60; blacksmiths,
$8.10; laborers, $5.40; frame setters, $9.18.
(Consular Reports No. 170, p. 307.)
Holland, 1892. Any statement respecting
the earnings of the various laborers can only
be approximative, on account of the great
difference and fluctuations in both hours of
labor and wages. One witness stated that a
good workman (on the docks) at Rotterdam
ought easily to make $4 to $4.80 per week the
year round, but the rate of wages per hour
may be put at from 8 to 10 cents. Laborers
employed on railways and at the depots aver-
age from 36 to 70 cents per day, with a bonus
of from $1.25 to $1.60 per month. Drivers on
tramway cars receive from $4.05 to $5.68 per
week, and conductors $5.25. Smiths and other
workmen employed in the carriage factories
of the tramway companies earn $6.08 per
week. Engine drivers on steam tramways
earn from $4.86 to $6.85 per week, besides a
bonus. These at first sight may appear sub-
stantial earnings, but it must be borne in
mind that the purchasing price of the florin
(40.2 cents) scarcely exceeds that of a shilling
(24 cents) in England.
Holland, 1891. Weekly wages in shipyards:
Pattern and boiler makers, $6.24; machinists,
$&72; plumbers and pipe fitters, $5.28; carpen-
ters and painters, $4.80; loiners, calkers,
furnace men and molders, $6; drillers, $4.88;
fltters-up and riveters, $7; sheet-iron workers,
$5.08; coppersmiths, $5.64; laborers, $4.20. (Con-
sular Reports No. 170, p. 300.)
Italy, 1889. Per diem wages in Florence:
Machine and molding shops Cabinet makers,
48 to 68 cents; wood carvers, 39 to 68 cents: car-
penters, 48 to 59 cents; carriage builders,
ordinary hands, 58 cents, first class hands, 96
cents to $1.15. Pottery and porcelain works-
Painters, 10 cents to $1.15; turners, 58 to 96
cents; firemen, 23 to 49 cents; laborers, 28 to 49
cents; potters, 58 to 68 cents. Glassworks-
Blowers. 96 cents to $2.30; cutters, 58 to 98 cents;
mechanics, 58 to 76 cents; laborers, 20 to 76
cents; founders, 48 cents to $1.15. Goldsmiths
and jewelers, 49 to 96 cents. Paper mills-
Machine tenders, 39 to 49 cents; ordinary
hands, 29 to 45 cents. Printers, 58 to 96 cents;
lithographers, ordinary hands, 34 to 69 cents;
skilled hands, 59 to 78 cents.
Italy, 1890. Weekly wages in Genoa: Car-
penters, ${.60 to $6 for first class hands and $3
to $3.60 for second class; masons, $3 to $3.60;
plasterers, $3 to $4.25; stone cutters, $3 to $3.60;
.house painters. $2.40 to $3; blacksmiths, $2 to
$4.80; tailors, $2.40 to $4.20; shoemakers, $1.80 to
$2.40; hatters, $2.40 to $4.80; machinists, $3.(W
to $6; fitters, 13 to $6.90; ship carpenters, $6.
I Stevedores throughout Italy, $7.44, about the
highest wages earned in the general trades
and callings.
Switzerland, 1892. The Swiss workingman
is satisfied with a rate of remuneration which
Is 33 to 40 per cent below that of the English
and 10 to 15 per cent below that of the French
workingman, the rates varying in different
parts, being higher in the French than in the
German cantons. Swiss official estimates of
the average wage of a Swiss male worker
fixes it at 50 to 60 cents per diem, but the con-
sul considers this estimate too low. Non-con-
tract laborers earn from 48 to 72 cents. (British
Consular Reports.)
Switzerland, 1895. The following figures are
taken from a report by Consul Germain of
Zurich, dated July 11,1895: The average wages
paid in cotton mills vary between 29 and 50
cents per diem. A day's wage of 80 cents for
ordinary factory hands is an exception.
Among the reelers the wages are lowest, one-
eighth of these not receiving more than 20
cents per day. Silk mills : Dyers and finishers.
30 per cent receive less than 30 cents and only
15 per cent receive over 40 cents; winders and
twisters, 40 to 50 cents; spinners, 33 to 35 cents;
warpers, 50 to 60 cents; weavers, 40 to 60 cents
all per diem. Iron foundries and machine
works: Unskilled laborers (20 per cent of the
whole), 60 cents: skilled workers (57 per cent
of the whole), 60 cents to $1; and the remain-
ing skilled workers (23 per cent of the whole),
$1 to $2 per diem.
Austria, 1889. From a British consular report
dealing with labor in the several districts of
Austria-Hungary, the following daily wage
rates are taken: Budapest Factory hands,
10 cents (lowest) to $1.05 (highest) ; women
factory hands, 8 to 40 cents; boiler makers, 80
cents; wheelwrights, 90 cents; tinsmiths, 70
cents; coppersmiths, 84 cents; turners, 80
cents; machinists, 66 cents; locksmiths, 76
cents; instrument makers, 88 cents; carriage
builders, 68 cents; woodworkers, 83 cents;
saddlers and upholsterers, 81 cents; painters,
69 cents; molders, 65 cents; day workmen, 50
cents; other laborers, 46 cents; iron miners, 32
to 40 cents. Various districts Chemical fac-
tories, 24 to 92 cents; flour mills and sugar
factories, 20 to 80 cents; tobacco factories, 24
to 40 cents; distilleries. 20 to 72 cents; glass
factories, 32 to 40 cents; iron works. 20 to 80
cents; sawmills, 16 to 60 cents; foundries, 40 to
92 cents; forges, machine shops and rolling
mills, 40 to 96 cents; nail factories, 20 to 21
cents; women, 16 to 18 cents; day laborers, 20
to 30 cents.
Austria, 1894. Weekly wages (60 hours) in
the Trieste shipyards: Pattern makers, $4.20
to $7.80; boiler makers, plumbers, pipe fitters,
coppersmiths and molders, $3.60 to $5.40;
carpenters, joiners, drillers, fltters-up, rivet-
ers, calkers, painters, and furnace men, $3 to
$1.50; iron and brass workers, $2.40 to $3. (Con-
sular Reports No. 170, p. 290.) Weekly wages
in hemp mills in the Budapest district: La-
borers, $2,50; breakers, $3.50; hacklers, $4.14.
(Consular Reports No. 168, p. 140.)
Mexico, 188o. Mining In the San Antonio
mine (near Monterey), Mexican labor under
an American superintendent speaking Span-
ish, work two shifts of twelve hours each.
Good smelters are paid $1 per day of twelve
hours; assistant smelters, 75 cents, and yard
hands, 36 to 50 cents (Consular Reports No. 67.
p. 491.) La Paz mines Wages per day of
twelve hours: Miners, $1,50; furnace men. $1;
general workmen, $1.25; teamsters, 75 cents;
machinists, $2.50; carpenters, $2; watchmen,
75 cents. (Consular Reports No. 67. p. 504.)
Mexico, 1895. In an article in Rhodes'
Journal of Banking, for July, 1895, Mr. Worth-
Ington C. Ford, Chief of the United States
Treasury Bureau of Statistics, quotes a state-
ment from Mr. C. A. Browne, treasurer of the
Mexican Central Railway, as to the wages
paid by that company. Mr. Browne writes:
"In the first part of 1890 we were paying
Mexican laborers from 50 to 75 cents per day.
according to the location upon the road;
brakemen, from $15 to $50 a month; machinists,
from $1 to $5 a day; masons, from $1 to $3, and
carpenters. $1 to $3. At the present time la-
borers are receiving the same rates;carpenters,
from $1.50 to $3.50 per dav, and some as nigh as
$1.75; machinists, from $1 to $5 a day, according
to their skill,"
46 CHICAGO DAILY NBWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES PAID TO THE GENERAL TRADES IN COUNTRIES WITH
CURRENCIES ON SILVER BASIS.
TRADES AND OCCU-
PATIONS.
AUSTRIA *
CHINA.
Colombia
(Barran-
quilla).
ECUADOR
i
JL
1884.
$10.00
8.60
10.80
3.50
4.25
3.50
Persia.
Peru
(Callao).
Russia.
Venezuela.
|!
Austria.
i
Ningpo.
1
||
Building Trades-
Bricklayers
1891.
1884.
$3.58
2.05
3.73
1.92
4.00
1.82
4.00
1891.
$1.64
1.13
1.60
.75
1.50
.75
1884.
$1.20
1884.
$7.74
3.90
7.74
3.90
7.74
3.90
7.74
1885.
$1.44
.72
1.44
.72
1.44
.72
1.44
1884.
$7.50
4.50
7.50
4.50
7.50
4.50
1892.
$2.04
1.14
2.18
1.14
1.56
1884.
$2.40
1.90
1.80
1.20
2.40
1.20
1884.
$9.00
540
14.76
4.90
9.00
5.40
1884.
$4.32
2.45
6.72
2.88
4.00
2.55
4.20
3.75
2.60
4.32
1884.
$9.00
4.63
9.74
3.81
9.40
4.63
13.20
8.70
4.82
Hod carriers
Masons
Tenders
Plasterers
Tenders
'$2.63
Slaters
Roofers
Tenders
Plumbers
Assistants
Carpenters
"2'.85
"2.57
"2.24
3.09
4.2$
2.80
4.11
2.41
5.10
6.00
4.72
3.18
4.00
3.10
5.87
3.60
4.40
3.00
3.04
3.01
3.90
3.00
3.00
2.20
4.00
3.68
3.80
1.60
.75
1.56
.75
2.15
L38
T.64
3.50
2.25
1.62
2.25
2.80
1.40
1.63
2.13
3.50
LTO
258
"i'.oo
'T.80
1.32
"2.66
7.74
3.90
14.50
7.74
7.74
14.50
4.84
9.66
4.84
4.84
"V.74
4.84
4.84
3.8i
3.84
4.84
1.44
.72
1.44
.72
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
"i'.ii
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
"".72
"i'.ii
1.44
7.50
4.50
10.00
6.00
10.80
8.00
10.00
9.00
7.50
7.50
"9.66
10.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
10.00
' 12.66
9.00
9.00
9.00
"9.66
1.80
8.40
3.25
1.80
1.20
"I'M
T.85
'3.66
T.50
T.52
' ' 7.60
8.00
5.50
6.00
6.00
5.40
10.00
10.00
5.00
4.50
7.25
"i'.oo
3.60
3.60
8.00
3.16
4.6(>
366
"2.40
"3'. 72
3.04
"3.78
'T&8
2'.88
1.68
i'.25
1.75
"2". 40
3.00
"9.66
" 3.60
isiso
9.20
20.00
12.30
' ii'.iti
4.20
7.50
7.50
"3.56
3.50
7.40
' 19.75
2.30
3.30
8.70
2.92
3.72
3.42
2.80
4.00
2.91
4.20
5.76
3.30
5.00
3.6(1
3.91
4.00
3.60
3.60
2.95
3.16
4.66
3.6(1
3.110
5.10
3.75
4.15
2.88
8.30
5.76
5.76
2.59
"2'.88
9.60
9.84
18.00
12.00
12.83
10.25
9.16
' i'l.75
' 14.45
10.38
12.50
' '13.50
"a'S)
10.00
' 13.66
6.50
"V.85
' i2'.66
14.00
10.00
Gasfltters
Bakers
Blacksmiths
Bookbinders
Brewers
Butchers
Brass founders
Cabinetmakers
Confectioners,
3.31
2.85
3.20
"2'.20
2.36
2.42
Cigarmakers
Coopers
Cutters
Distillers..
Draymen & teamsters.
Drivers-
Cart and carriage . . .
Streetcar
Dyers
Engravers
Furriers
Gardeners
Hatters
Horseshoers
"3'.85
3.<8
4.74
3.00
3.10
4.85
3,40
3.80
1.50
1.50
1.56
1.88
1.00
1.88
1.88
2.25
4.50
1.20
"i'.ii
3.84
3.84
9.66
9.6d
3.84
"4.84
4.84
"i'.ii
1.44
.72
"i'.ii
1.44
"aofi
12.00
12.00
8.00
20.110
2.75
10.00
'i'.ii
T.80
1.75
3.90
5.10
3.75
4.15
2.90
3.80
5.7(1
5.76
2.60
1.48
3.8)
3.68
6.3(1
1.92
"8.66
1.92
5.00
9.00
' '13.90
3.50
"9.42
Jewelers
Laborers, porters, etc.
Millwrights
Potters
Printers
Sailmakers
"2'.37
"2.86
3.34
Shoemakers
Stevedores
Stonecutters
'Y.io
4 15
1.45
1.88
1.75
'5.92
1.44
i'.ii
9.00
9.00
"9.66
3.84
"4.92
Tanners
Tailors
Telegraph operators..
Tinsmiths
2.41
3.00
4.03
6.75
8.70
1.50
2.50
6.00
1 10
5.92
4.84
12.00
5.92
1.44
1.44
8.00
10. |
27.00
10.00
i'l'.TO
2.95
3.00
|7.14
11.50
7.50
3 84
2.88
"T.92
4.92
4.92
12.10
7.50
4.90
3.42
5.25
3.96
12.00
12.50
11.38
11.00
'Although the gold standard now prevails in Austria-Hungary, the silver standard pre-
vailed up to August, 1892. As will be noted in the tables printed in Consular Reports showing
the value of foreign coins, the Austrian silver florin, the old money unit of the empire,
fluctuated In value from 47.6 cents in 1874 to 32 cents in July, 1892, when It was superseded by
the gold crown, with a fixed value of 20.3 cents. The downward course of the old silver florin
must be taken into account in the Austrian wage rate, thus scaling still further the very low
rate which prevailed in that country.
tA week of seven days.
iTailors employed on native clothes.
{Employed in making foreign clothes.
Russia. While silver is the normal currency mined. The Consul-General says that, at the
of Russia, paper is the actual currency In elate of his writing (July 16, 1895), the silver
which all general business and other cdmmer- ruble passed at par with the paper ruble,
cial values are estimated throughout the Em- which was then quoted at 52.1 cents American,
plre. Consul-General Karel of St. Petersburg, According to the United States Treasury valu-
in a report upon this subject, says : "The paper ations, the silver ruble on that date was valued
ruble officially called 'credit ruble' is the at only 38.9 cents. The Russian gold ruble has
actual currency of Russia." Silver, being very a fixed value of 77.2 cents. In 1884, the date on
little in circulation, plays only a small part in which the foregoing Russian wage rates were
Russian currency. obtained, the silver ruble was valued by the
Gold is the standard by which the values of United States Treasury at 64.5 cents; on July
both the paper and silver ruble are deter- 1, 1895, at 38.9 cents.
f
FOREIGN MEASURES. 47
The metrical systei
season:
Arabia
Algeria
Argentine, Chile am
Bolivia
Austria
FOREIGN MEASURES.
n is used in Europe, bu
Bushels.
. .1 bahar, equal... . 3.708
.Itarrie 0.564
1 cafflse 9.026
1 1 fanega 1.598
t the following are employed during harvest
Bushels.
Japan Ito 0517
Ikoku 5.168
Java 1 pecul 2.264
Malta 1 salma 8.111
.1 cahiz 19.176
.lachtel 0.218
Mexico 1 fanega . 1 603
Morocco 1 muhd 5. 184
Persia lartaba 1997
Belgium
Brazil
8 achtels 1 metzenl.745
1 staho 2.346
Portugal 1 fanega 1.535
Imoyoor moio.. 23.021
1 alquiere 0.384
Icentner 2.059
.Ikop 0.028
1 schepel 0.284
Imuddeorzak, . 2.837
1 hectolitre 2.837
Roumania 1 kilo 12.340
Russia 1 garnietz 0.093
Itchetverka 0.185
Itchetverik 0.740
1 payak 1 480
.lalqueire 1.145
.1 aim ii nan 5.742
China
Corsica
Cuba
llast 6.746
1 osmine 2.960
.Ipeeul )
100 catty > 2.222
1 chetwerk . . . 5.920
1 pood* 36.112 Ibs. 0.602
Sicily 1 salma 7.840
Spain Ifanega .... l.COO
1 cahiz 19 000
1600tael )
.1 stajo 5.254
1 quintal (101.75
Canary Islands. . . .
Ibs,)... 1.096
Sweden 1 tunna 4.156
Switzerland 1 coup 2.233
Tripoli 1 temen 0762
Ifanega 2.987
1 fauega of wh't. 1.777
Candia
Denmark and Norway
Egypt
France and Greece
Germany
If anega of maize 5.520
.Icarga 4.322
.Itoende 3.940
1 last 45.910
1 hueba 3.046
Tunis 1 caffiso 14.0K2
Turkey 1 f ortin 3.985
TURKISH PROVINCES FOR THE SALE OF
GRAIN.
Lbs.
Moldavia loke 3.2
Icentner 1,097.1
Wallachia 1 killow 1,280.0
Icentner 1.837
.Irooba 0.217
1 weybeh 0.868
lardeb 5.206
.1 hectolitre 2.837
.Iwispel 29.875
llast 87.000
Bavaria
Bremen.
Brunswick
.Imetzen .. 1.714
Ischeffel 10.284
.Iviertel 0.815
Ischeffel 2.015
Galatz 1 killow 853.0
THE "QUARTER" IN ENGLAND CONSISTS IN:
Lbs.
American Atlantic coast business in all
United Kingdom markets 480
llast 80623
.1 scheffel 8.827
Frankfort .
1 simmer 0.815
Hamburg
1 achtel . . . 3.260
Russian wheat in London 492
.Ischeffel 2.994
California wheat in all United Kingdom
markets 500
1 malter 6 296
Hesse Cassel
Hesse Darmstadt
Prussia
.Ischeffel 2.277
.Imalter 3.633
.Ischeffel 1.560
English home-grown wheat In all United
Kingdom markets 504
English and Scotch barley in all United
Kingdom markets 448
Saxony
Icentner.... 1.888
..Ischeffel 3.926
.Ischeffel . .. 5.029
Russian barley in London 420
Russian oats in London 504
Prince Edward Island oats in Liverpool
and London 320
Gibraltar
. .1 arroba 0.423
Goa
India* Bengal .,
1 fanega 1.600
..1 maund 0.700
1 candy 14.000
English and Scotch oats in all United
Kingdom markets . .. . 336
.1 maund 0.461
OTHER MEASURES IN DIFFERENT COUN-
TRIES EQUAL IN:
One hundred kilos wheat.. bu. 3.67
Bombay
Madras
1 candy 9.222
.1 maund 0.466
1 candy 9.333
.1 maund 0.416
1 candy 8.320
Iparah 1.928
One hundred kilos corn bu. 3.93
Igarse 154.275
One hundred kilos oats bu. 6.87
1 morah. . 1.333
One hundred kilos rye bu. 3.93
1 candy . . 9 333
One hundred kilos barley bu. 4.58
1 tomolo 1 567
One hectolitre wheat bu. 2.83
Rome
Sardinia
Tuscany
1 carro 56.412
..Iquarta 2.088
Irubbio 8.352
. .Imina 3.425
1 sacco 3.264
One centner, Austria, wheat bu. 2.05
One fanega, Argentina, wheat. bu. 1.59
One cahiz, Argentina, wheat bu.19.17
One chetwerk, Russian, wheat bu. 5.92
One pood, Russian, wheat. bu 0.60
1 charge 4.530
One candy, Bengal, wheat bu. 9.22
..1 sacco 2.074
1 moggio 16.592
1 stajo 0.689
One candy, Mysore, wheat bu. 9.33
*Weights equivalents are on a basis of 60 Ibs.
48 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1893 AND 1894.
Compiled for the Mineral Industry, Vol. III.
PRODUCTS.
1893.
1894.
QUANTITY.
Value at
Place of
Produc-
tion.
QUANTITY.
Value at
Place of
Produc-
tion.
Customa'y
Measures.
Metric
Tons.
Customa'y
Measures.
Metric
Tons.
Non-Metallic Alum short tons.
Antimony ore short tons.
96,000
850
120
3.490
26.632
19.041
31,404
9,199.000
348.399
7,445,950
673,989
1,629
3,245,172
47,355,387
'128,826,364
8,939.961
3,894
17,862
54,000,000
1,747
17,000
36.500
9,700
1,520
45,341)
882,912
1,691
330,231
W,000,000
1,143
9,150
200,000
679,000
6.500
155
130,000
87,093
771
109
3,166
24,161
10,896
28,489
4,173
158
918,667
91,715
1,646
2.943,973
42.960,116
116,869.397
8,104,202
2
16.204
24,492
1,585
17,274
33,113
88,000
1,379
41,133
400
1,534
299,682
5,443,164
1.037
9,297
203,814
m
141
59
$2,880,000
41,000
6,000
68.682
133,160
55,205
114,752
689,925
87,100
5.010,958
1,052,173
16,000
5,028.150
74,1505.885
123.899,415
14,706,544
5,452
134,520
1,882,500
140,589
85,000
337,625
63,070
55.800
345,920
39,731
8.996
927,615
30,000.000
8,000
60,000
540,000
29,522
5,478
-VW.I
7,600
14.000.000
72,000
165
250
4,198
23,758
. 10,732
34,199
13,140,589
379,444
7,895,259
738,196
2,653
3,400,290
52,010.433
*117,950,348
8,495,295
6,550
^ W' 897
ttf).000,000
1,220
23,280
39,600
9,000
1,000
37,400
770,846
165
287,517
156,750,000
1.37C
11,735
225,000
829,500
9,900
297
750,000
65,304
150
227
4,080
21,548
10,906
25,018
5,962
172
1,074,179
100,352
2.697
3,084.040
47.183,345
106,953.311
7,706,846
3
13,511
27,215
1,106
23,655
85,917
8,165
907
33,922
349
150
279,437
5,104,355
1,243
11.924
228,622
377
4
269
340
$2,160,000
9,075
3,750
75,654
95.032
42,928
148,120
919,841
98.055
4,397,407
1,080,644
35,125
4.236.054
80,879,404
103.842,467
12,654,558
8,843
104.100
2,016,000
109,500
116,400
396,000
tU.OOO
35,000
335,800
34,689
1,252
849.925
28,375,000
4,864
74.890
607,500
36.957
11,103
4,447
45,000
11,0(10,000
6622li2
45,600
8,445,174
1,711,275
40.762,962
2,856,465
250,000
466,466
5,396,9s3
347.951
2,551,259
499,578
Asbestus short tons
Asphalt short tons
Bary tes short tons
Bauxite long tons.
Bituminous rock short tons
Borax pounds
Cement, nat. hydraulic,bls. 300 Ibs.
Cement, Portland bis. 300 Ibs.
Chrome ore long tons
Clay short tons.
Coal, anthracite short tons.
Coal, bituminous short tons.
Coke short tons.
Cobalt, oxide pounds.
Copperas short tons
Corundum and emery, .short tons.
Feldspar long tons
Fibrous talc short tons
Fluorspar short tons.
Garnet short tons.
Grindstones short tons.
Graphite pounds.
Graphite, amorphous . ..short tons.
Gypsum short tons.
Lime brls., 200 Ibs
Magnesite short tons.
Manganese ore long tons.
Mica, ground pounds.
Mica, sheet pounds.
Millstones short tons.
Paints, mineral short tons.
44,709
37
88,500
25,000
50,349,228
981,340
40,559
34
80,286
22,679
6,978,403
997,140
726,160
40.000
9,469.500
1,875,000
32.223.505
3,434,690
200,000
38,861
41
87,242
22,814
48,527,336
952,155
34,201
37
78.155
22,172
6,725.490
967,485
Paints, white lead short tons.
Pai nts, zinc oxide short tons.
Petroleum (crude) brls., 42 gals.
Phosphate, rock long tons.
Precious stones
Pyrites long tons.
95,000
11,639,061
300,000
803,887
4.138.920
2,500
3,750,000
5,639,681
2,175
95,526
1,478.230
304,814
237,014
2,268
3,810,375
429,399
166
285,000
5,623,647
330;824
2.956,895
475,681
12,950
2,250,000
2,087,758
28.750
1-38,000,000
366.825
25,625
89,550
377 517 086
107,462
11,502,975
315,531
693,944
5,099,791
109,192
1,400,946
320,610
204.656
Salt brls., 290 Ibs.
Silica, sand and quartz, .long tons.
Slate, roofing squares
Slate, other manufactures. . .sq. ft.
Soda short tons.
Stone, limestone (flux), .long tons.
Stone, marble cubic feet.
3,544,393
5,681,766
1,450
3,602,290
433,093
110
2,126,636
2,177.280
29.000
130,000.000
401.892
36,687
84,450
353 760 877
Stone, onyx cubic feet.
Stone, other building
Talc and soapstone short tons.
Tripoli and inf us.earth.short tons.
Whetstones short tons.
20,100
1,351
1,903
18,235
1,226
1,726
21,044
1.802
1,735
19,087
1.634
1,574
Antimony short tons.
312,000
350
327,255,788
1,739.323
7,043,384
166.678
25,893
30,164
00,500,000
76,255
142
318
144,441
75,764
7,156,782
152,080
11.745
1,046
1,881,550
69,178
202,800
63,000
35.179,997
35,955,000
'.ci.ssfvjxr.t
12,134,178
12,42!)
1.108,527
47.311,000
6.214,782
817,600
220
353,504,314
1.923,619
6,657,388
160,867
371
205
110,483
72,732
6.764,5?^
145,906
jnO,560
39,200
Si,540.489
39176L205
71,966.364
10,585,048
Copper pounds.
Gold troy ounces.
Iron, pig long tons.
Lead, value at N. York. short tons.
Quicksilver flasks, 76^4 pounds.
Silver, commercial value.. .troy oz.
Zinc spelter short tons.
30,440
49,846,875
74.004
1,056
1,550.238
67,135
1,095,840
31.403,531
5,209,882
Estimated products unspecified
Grand total
6.000.000
5,500.000
til5.887.108
553.352.99li 1
Including brown coal, lignite. tEstlmated. JKiloKrams,
PARKS OF GREAT CITIES.
4!)
PARKS OF GREAT CITIES.
CITIES.
American-
Allegheny, Pa
Baltimore. Md
Brooklyn, N.Y
Buffalo, N. Y
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, O
Cleveland, O
Denver, Col
Detroit, Mich
Indianapolis, Ind...
Louisville, Ky
Milwaukee, Wis....
Minneapolis, Minn.
Newark, N. J
New York
Omaha, Neb
Philadelphia, Pa...
Pittsburg, Pa
Providence, R. I
Rochester, N. Y
San Francisco, Cal.
St. Louis, Mo
Washington, D. C.. .
European
Athens, Greece
Berlin, Germany
Birmingham, England..
Brussels, Belgium
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dublin, Ireland
Edinburgh, Scotland
Glasgow, Scotland.
Hamburg, Germany
Liverpool, England
London, England
Moscow, Russia
Stockholm, Sweden
110,000
r.03,000
1.003.781
300,000
1.600.000
825,000
330.000
150,000
265.000
120,000
200,0^0
2(6.000
200,000
200.IXH)
l.S'.HINH)
ifio,ooo
1,170.000
260,000
153.000
150,000
335.000
500.000
230,000
150,000
l.ti'.ts.:;:.'!
486,064
341,000
349.594
270,588
677,883
595,000
517,891
4,349,160
H-941.SOO
252,937
8.0C
31.54
26.44
39.04
186. 3C
24.2*
e27.2-
43.6
29.0(
15. 0(
14. 3(
21.04
55.6
17.77
38.9C
24.7.
129.3
38. 2C
16.2
18.3t
42. 2C
C1.3
9.5,
13.54
24. Hi
19.8,
34.5
8.0 C
39.0C
9.6t
18.5,
23.3 C
8.1
108.7
a; 27. 8
12.04
PUBLIC
PARKS.
35.05
45.69
c5d900.00180.00
ft 14
/!'. i
11
4
o2
r!5
t30
Mil
1)20
150
1/18
33
300.00 150.00
911.25
(31.00
2,148.19
390.25
213.13
510.00
884.38
116.00
1,079.18119.91 11.8
402.00
1,552.00
80.00
312.02
540.00
3,175.00
800.00
484.19
475.00
1,190.00
2.180.00 103.81
413.52
54.36
15.22
108.72
1,203.10
264.00
395.36
82.3'
1.900. 00 950.00
1,280.00
612.00
249.57
743.00
5,000.00
301.50
468.6'
PARKS, CITY AREA,
AND POPULATION.
85.112
65.04
23.68
63.75
46.55
23.20
33,02
5.71
63.67 12.5
79.38
49.58
1.8
1.5
.. 7.6
85.3320.8
2.5
1.2
4.8
22.69
37.15 14.3
14.20
1.7
(i.l
55.000
19,354
62,736
60,000
64,000
54,167
36,667
18,750
13,947
2t,000
22.222
37,857
4,255
14,286
38,571
22,857
29,250
130.000
9,563
16.667
13,958
23,810
75,000
20,462
37,531
44,242
85,250
174,797
18,039
22,596
DI.OiH
25,895
.
52,322
7,665
Sji
s' 0( ^
367
552
1,591
333
745
833
1,549
294
300
1,034
185
659
129
2,500
1.380
1,345
1,840
1,231
4,140
211
1,108
1,983
697
860
3,123
184 p 14
19.03
20.99
21.20
19.03
18.15
13.87
18.92
16.56
16.33
24.53
23.52
8.60
21.20
22.35
20.92
16.22
16.21
21.56
21.50
20.50
20.01
26.90
19.70
22.90
20.00
27.30
21.00
2o.fiO
20.37
a. Includes 6 parks of 857)4 acres, and 20
squares of 60 acres, b. This does not Include
the Coney Island Concourse, 70 acres, and the
Parade Ground, 40 acres, recently brought
within the city limits; nor the Ocean Parkway,
5J^ miles long, and the Eastern Parkway, 2^
miles long, each road being 210 feet wide.
The area of the city given is the old area be-
fore the annexation, c, "Besides a number of
places." d. "Including park approaches."
e. "Cleveland has recently purchased six par-
cels of land in different sections of the city
for parks, aggregating about 700 acres." /.
The street car company has a park of 166 acres
near the city. Armstrong Park, 156 acres, lies
near the city. g. "Several of these are very
small, nothing more than small triangles.
About 18 fair-sized parks." h. "Most or the
parks of the city are very small." i. Pelham
Park (1,700 acres) and one-half of Bronx Park
(653 acres) lie outside the city limits. Total
area of parks belonging to the city, 5,174 acres.
}. "Thirteen small, three large." k. " Besides
these there are Rock Creek Park, 1,500 acres,
and the Zoological Park, containing 16 acres.
Of the 413.52 acres In the city, 341.83 are im-
proved." I. "The area of Athens is too large
tor its population. Besides the two parks
there are several squares." n. "The corpora-
tion also possesses two hills called Redual
and Bilberry Hills, containing 82 acres, and
situated ten miles without the city." o. "And
several small open spaces." p. "245,000 of the
population reside on an area containing 64
persons to the acre." r. "Includes Queen's
Park and Arboreum, which are under govern-
ment control and contain about 614 and 58
acres respectively." t. " Includes Botanic
Gardens, 21J^ acres, and adjoining highlands
of 9J^j acres, also 7 disused graveyards open to
the public, with an area of 12 acres, and 11
minor open spaces, with an area of 11 acres."
u. "The area of the lakes within the parks Is
not included in the total area of park ground."
Dr. Benkerman, Chief of Statistics of the State
of Hamburg, v.' 'Several are very small, being
disused churchyards, etc., laid out as orna-
mental grounds. Largest public park. 382
acres." w. "916.500 in the city and the rest In
the suburbs." x. "Of which 1,147.20 acres con-
tain houses and 1,258.11 acres are water." y.
"The two great parks, of 272 and 54 acres re-
spectively, are situated outside the area of
buildings. Inside, the six largest contain, re-
spectively, 29, 25, 22, 9^, 6^ and 5jy acres."
50
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
OUR MILITARY STRENGTH.
Secretary of War Lament sent to the last
congress an abstract of the military force of
the United States for the year 1894, compiled
from the latest returns received by the ad-
jutant-general of the army.
The statement shows the organized strength
by states, gives the number of commissioned
officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians
and privates and the number of men avail-
able for military duty unorganized. A grand
aggregate shows 9.50o commissioned officers,
20,410 non-commissioned officers, 4,047 mu-
sicians, 107,394 privates, and places the num-
ber of men available for military duty
unorganized at 9.582,806.
Given by states, the aggregate organized
strength (commissioned and non-commis-
sioned) and unorganized men available is as
follows:
Organ-
States, ized.
Alabama 2,982
Arkansas 1,079
California 4,948
Colorado 1,621
Connecticut ...... 2,842
Delaware 421
Florida.. 1,011
Georgia 4,194
Idaho 304
Illinois 5,313
Indiana 2,581
Iowa 2,478
Kansas 1,724
Kentucky 1,471
Louisiana 1,249
Avail-
able.
85,000
98.779
28,080
60,714
261.021
13.932
700.000
481.192
269,510
100.000
40.YOOO
Organ-
ized.
Maine 1,241
Maryland.. .: 1.907
Massachusetts 6.006
Michigan 2,878
Minnesota., 1.900
Mississippi 1,760
Missouri 2,036
Montana 517
Nebraska 1,248
Nevada 549
New Hampshire 1,337
New Jersey ii,970
New York 12,846
North Carolina 1,659
North Dakota 545
Ohio .-. 6,057
Oregon 1,565
Pennsylvania 8.932
Rhode Island 1,372
South Carolina 4,674
South Dakota 799
Tennessee 3,369
Tex* 3,000
Vermont 787
Virginia 3,107
West Virginia 838
Washington 1,530
Wisconsin 2,571
Wyoming 460
Arizona 503
New Mexico 470
Oklahoma 130
Utah 1,080
Avail-
able.
98,978
100.000
,
.ziio.ooo
160,000
233,480
25,000
132,000
6.248
55,000
284,aS7
750,000
240,000
50,000
645,000
46.365
806,230
73,945
181,000
35.000
169,000
800,000
44,164
220,000
122,475
85.000
308,717
8,000
7,600
25,000
10.000
25.000
Total 141,365 9,582,806
FICTITIOUS NAMES OF CITIES.
Aberdeen, Scotland. . .Granite City.
Alexandria, Egypt Delta City.
Alton, 111 Tusselburgh.
Akron, O Summit City.
Baltimore, Md Monumental City.
Birmingham, O Bran Town.
Boston, Mass Athens of America, The
Hub.
Brooklyn, N. Y City of Churches.
Buffalo, N. Y Windy City, Queen City
of the Lakes.
Cairo, Egypt City of Victory.
Cincinnati, O Queen City, Porkopolis,
Queen of the West.
Chicago, 111 Garden City.
Cleveland, O. . Forest City.
Dayton, O Gem City of Ohio.
Detroit, Mich City of the Straits.
Duluth, Minn Zenith City.
Edinburgh, Scotland. .Maiden Town. Northern
Athens. Modern Ath-
ens, Athens of the
North.
Gibraltar Key of the Mediterra-
nean.
Hannibal, Mo Bluff City.
Havana, Cuba Pearl of the Antilles.
Holyoke, Mass Paper City.
Indianapolis, Ind Railroad City.
Jerusalem, Palestine.. City of Peace, City of
the Great King.
Kansas City, Mo Mushroomopolis.
Keokuk, Iowa Gate City.
Lafayette, Ind Star City.
Limerick, Ireland City of the Violated
Treaty.
London, England City of Masts, Modern
Babylon.
Lowell, Mass City of Spindles, Man-
chester of America.
Louisville,Ky Falls City.
Madison, Wis Lake City.
Milan, Italy Little Paris.
Milwaukee, Wis Cream City.
Minneapolis, Minn ...FlourCity.
Nashville, Tenn City of Rocks.
New Haven, Conn. ...City of Elms.
New Orleans, La.. .
...Crescent City.
New York, N. Y ........ Gotham. Empire City,
Metropolitan City.
Pekin, 111 .............. Celestial City.
Philadelphia, Pa ...... Quaker City, City of
Brotherly Love, City
of Homes.
Pittsburg. Pa .......... Iron City, Smoky City.
Portland, Me ........... Forest City
Lyons of
Whisky Town.
Lyons of America.
ty.
A
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Quebec, Canada ........ Gibraltar of America.
Quincy. Ill .............. Gem City.
Racine. Wis ............ Belle City.
Richmond, V~a .......... City of Seven Hills.
Rome, Italy ............ Eternal City, Nameless
City, Queen of Cities,
Seven-Hilled City. Mis-
tress of the World.
Rochester, N. Y ........ Flour City.
St. Louis, Mo ........... Mound City.
St. Paul, Minn ......... Gem City.
San Francisco, Cal Golden City.
Salem, Mass ............ City of Peace.
Salt Lake City, Utah. .City of the Saints.
Springfield, 111 ......... Flower City.
Streator. Ill ............ City of the Woods.
Toledo, O ............... Corn City.
Venice, Italy ........... Bride of the Sea.
Washington, D. C ...... City of Magnificent Dis-
tances.
Winnipeg, Manitoba.. Gate City of the North-
west.
NAVIES OF THE WORLD.
51
NAVIES OF THE WORLD.
Italy.
Germ
Nethe
Spain.
Austri;
Swedei
Norwa
Denms
Portug
Turke3
Greece .
United
Brazil .
Argen
Chile..
China*
Japan ,
COUNTRIES.
BATTLE-
SHIPS.
Port Defence Ves-
sels.
CRUISERS.
TORPEDO
CRAFT.
'e
6
|
2
ft
Second
Class.
?e
fj
S
1-
i
?l
1
I.
tc
r
A.
B.
A.
B.
t Britain
89
2;
l~
8
9
7
i
'"i
IT
18
25
4
18
<
m
o
7
4
1
12
13
7
I
8
6
2
69
30
2
IB
9
8
6
4
1
106
4<>
89
28
18
8
K
in
10
4
6
1
82
4
7
f
i
2
13
M
87
88
10
8
8
88
24
9
7
14
14
27
to
10
14
18
6
8
27
3
86
46
68
lor
114
6
12
24
"*8
5
9
6
. 3
7
8
"'2
1
88
140
86
20
14
20
81
it;
a
4
3
15
8
""5
6
6
M
24
18
38
'"4
"3
1
8
2
3
'"7
f!
1
'"3
M
10
498
486
189
224
SOI
135
97
114
53
34
40
41
107
43
68
49
.33
26
102
75
ce....
ila.
8
i
i
aany
erlands
Q
i
2
10
17
7
1
,ria
i
6
2
ien
ray ...
,)
t
4
8
1
9
X
4
i
;ey
i
1
7
i
1
ed States .. .
A
18
fl
ft
I
18
8
2
4
9
9
11
j
It
3
2
4
i
1
a*
*
9
f
* Previous to the captures at Wei-Hai-Wei.
THE WORLD'S SHIPPING.
COUNTRIES.
Sailing Vessels.
Steam Vessels.
Total.
Great Britain
No.
8,892
3,609
1,265
3,111
1,490
1,841
1.041
647
1,729
1,358
244
856
1,136
285
Tons.
3,48,%590
1,403.494
<i24,922
1,297,801
250,200
516,225
172,729
157,630
359,572
290,829
84,216
101,750
250,008
65,575
No.
5,735
480
810
510
503
213
359
199
289
462
140
238
93
172
Tons.
9,706,976
005.3! 15
1,216,092
406,119
872,103
319,04!)
465,273
310,286
232.61)3
214,840
218,440
200,008
127,915
114,923
No.
14,627
4,039
2,075
3,621
1,993
2,054
1,400
840
2,018
1,820
384
1,094
1,256
457
Tons.
18,192,566
2,068,859
1,841,014
1,703,920
1,128,309
835,274
638,002
467,872
592.265
505669
302,656
302,358
378,523
180,498
United States
Germany
Norway
France
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Russia
Sweden
Austria
Denmark
Greece
Brazil
POPULAR NAMES OF STATES.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana,
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Montana
.Cotton State.
.Bear State.
.Golden State.
.Centennial State.
.Nutmeg State.
.Blue Hen State.
.Peninsula State.
.Cracker State.
.Sucker State.
.Hoosier State. -
.Hawkeye State.
.Sunflower State.
. Blue Grass State.
.Pelican State.
.Pine Tree State.
.Old Line State.
,.Bay State.
..Wolverine State.
..Gopher State.
..Bayou State.
.Stub Toe State.
Nebraska Blackwater State,
Nevada Silver State.
New Ham pshire Granite State.
New Jersey... .-Jersey Blue State.
New York Empire State.
North Carolina Old North State.
North Dakota Flickertail State.
Ohio Buckeye State.
Oregon Beaver State.
Pennsylvania Keystone State.
Rhode Island Little Rhody.
South Carolina Palmetto State.
South Dakota Swinge Cat State.
Tennessee Big Bend State.
Texas Lone Star State.
Vermont Green Mountain State.
Virginia The Old Dominion.
Washington Chinook State.
West Virginia The Pan-Handle.
Wisconsin Badger State.
52 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
TABLE FOR CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
(Prepared by T. C. Mendenhall, of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.)
CUSTOMARY TO METRIC.
LINEAR.
CAPACITY.
Inches to
milli-
metres.
Fett to
metres.
Yards to
metres.
Miles to
kilo-
metres.
Fluid
drams to
millili-
tres or
cub. cen-
timetres.
Fluid 02.
to milli-
litres,
Quarts to
litres.
Gallons
to litres.
1
25.4001
50.8001
76.20(12
101.6(102
127.0003
152.4003
177.8004
203.2004
228.6005
.304801
.609601
.914402
1.219202
1.524003
1. 328804
2.133604
2.438405
2.743205
.914402
1.828804
2.743205
3.05760r
4.572*9
5.486111
6.400811!
7.315215
8.229616
1.60935
3.21869
4>2S01
6.43739
8.04674
9.65608
11.26543
12.87478
14.48412
1
3.70
7,39
11.09
14.79
18.48
22.18
25.88
29.57
33.27
29.57
59.15
88.72
118.29
147.87
177.44
207.02
236.59
266.16
.94636
1.89272
2.S3908
3.78543
4.73179
5.67815
6.62451
7.57087
8.51723
3.78543
7.57087
11.35630
15.14174
18.92717
22.71261
26.49S04
:-W.2s;j,s
34.06891
2
3 . .
3
4
4
5
6
6
7 ..
7....
8
8....
9
g
SQUARE.
WEIGHT.
Sq. in. to
sq. centi-
metres.
Sq.ft. to
sq. deci-
metres.
So. yds.
tosq.
metres.
Acres to
hectares.
Grains
to milli-
grammes
Avoirdu-
pois
oz. to
grammes
Avoirdu-
pois
pounds
to kilo-
grammes
Troy
oz. to
grammes
l...
6.452
12.903
19.aio
25..S07
32.258
38.710
45.161
51.613
58.065
9.290
18.581
27.871
37.161
46.452
55.742
65.032
74.323
83.613
.836
1.672
2.508
3.344
4.181
5.017
5.853
6.689
7.525
.4047
.8094
1.2141
1.6187
2.0234
2.4281
2.8328
f 3.2375
3.6422
1...
64.7989
129.5i7S
194.3968
259.1957
323.9946
383.7935
453.5924
518.3914
583.1903
28.3495
56.6991
85.0486
113.3981
141.7476
170.0972
19S.4467
236.7962
255.1457
.45359
.90719
1.36078
1.81437
2.26796
2.72156
3.17515
3.62874
4.06233
31.10348
62.20696
!.31044
124.41392
155.51740
186.62088
217.72437
248.827H5
279.93133
2
2 ... ....
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
8 ..
7
8
9
9
CUBIC.
1 Gunter's chain =
1 sq. statute mile =
1 fathom
20.1168 metres.
259.000 hectares.
1.829 metres.
1853.25 metres.
9.4840158 log.
453.5924277 gram.
1 kilogramme.
Cubic in.
to cubic
centi-
metres.
Cubic ft.
to cubic
metres.
Cubic
yards to
cubic
metres.
Bushels
to hecto-
litres.
l .
16.387
32.774
49.161
65.549
81.936
98.323
114.710
131.097
147.484
.02832
.05663
.08495
.11327
.14158
.169SW
.19822
.22654
.25485
.765
1.529
2.291
3.058
3.823
4.587
5.352
6.116
6.881
.35239
.70479
1.05718
1.40957
1.76196
2.11436
2,46675
2.81914
3.17154
1 na
1 fO(
1 av
15432.3563 1
utical mil
>t .30481
e =
)1 metre,
1 =
2
ir. pount
J grains
3
4
6 ...
7
8...,
9
The only authorized material standard of
customary length is the Troughton scale be-
longing to this office, whose length at 59 C .62
Fahr. conforms to the British standard. The
yard in use in the United States is therefore
equal to the British yard.
The only authorized material standard of
customary weight is the troy pound of the
Mint. It is of brass of unknown density, and
therefore not suitable for a standard of mass.
It was derived from the British standard
troy pound of 1758 by direct comparison. The
British avoirdupois pound was also derived
from the latter, and contains 7.000 grains troy.
The grain troy is therefore the same as the
grain avoirdupois, and the pound avoirdu-
pois in use in the United States is equal to
the British pound avoirdupois.
The British gnllon= 4.54346 litres.
The British bushel 86^477 litres.
The length of the nautical mile given above
and adopted by the United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey many years ago is defined
as that of a minute of arc of a great c rcleof a
sphere whose surface equa s that of the earth
(Clarke's Spheroid of 1866),
CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.-CONTINUED.
METRIC TO CUSTOMARY.
LINEAR.
CAPACITY.
Metres to
inches.
Metres to
feet.
Metres to
yards.
Kilome-
tres to
miles.
Millili-
tres or cu
centime-
tres to fid
drams.
Centi-
litres to
fluid
minces.
Litres
to
quarts.
riffnli, Hecto-
Jjecailr litre?
tv#o tn litres
treo 10 *.j
gallons. ^^
1....
39.3700
78.7400
118.1100
i;->7.48(Ki
190.8500
236.2200
275.5900
314.96(10
354.3300
3.28083
6.56167
9.84250
13.128S3
16.40417
19.08500
22.96583
26.24667
29.52750
1.093611
2.187222
3.280833
4.374444
5.468050
6.561667
7.655278
S.74SW.I
9.842500
.62137
1.24274
1.86411
2.48548
3.10685
3.72822
4.34959
4.97096
5.59233
L. .27
2.. .54
3. . .81
4.. 1.08
5.. 1.35
6. . 1.62
7.. 1.89
8. . 2.16
9. . 2.43
.338
.676
1.014
1.353
1.691
2.029
2.367
2.705
3.043
1.0567
2,1134
3.1700
4.2267
5.2834
6.3401
7.39(8
8.4535
9.5101
2.6417 2.8377
5.2834 5.6755
7.9251 8.5132
10.5068 11.3510
13.2085 14.1887
15.8502 17.0265
18.4919 19.8642
21.1336 22.7019
23.7753 25.5397
2
a
4. ..
A
6
7....
8....
9
SQUARE.
WEIGHT.
Square
centime-
tres to
square
inches.
Square
metres to
square
feet.
Square
metres to
square
yards.
Hectares
to
acres.
Milli-
grammes
to
grains.
Kilo-
grammes
to
grains.
Hecto-
grammes
to oz. av-
oirdu-
pois.
Kilo-
grammes
to Ibs. av-
oirdu-
pois.
]....
.1550
.3100
.4650
.6200
.7750
.9300
1.0850
1.2400
1.3950
10.764
21.528
32.292
43.055
53.819
.61.583
75.347
86.111
96.875
1.196
2.392
3.588
4.784
5.980
7.176
8.372
9.568
10.764
2.471
4.942
7.413
9.884
12.355
14.826
17.297
19.768
22.239
1....
.01543
.03086
.04630
.06173
.07716
.09259
.10803
.12346
.13889
15432.36
30864.71
46297.07
61729.43
77161.78
92594.14
108020.49
imvvK5
138891.21
3.5274
7.0548
10.5822
14.1090
17.0370
21.1644
24.6918
28.2192
31.7466
2.20462
4.40924
6.61337
8.81849
11.02311
13.22773
15.43230
17.63098
19.84100
2
2
;j
3
4.
4..
5
5
6
6
7.
8 ..
g
9
9
CUBIC.
WEIGHT Continued.
Cubic
centime-
tres to
cubic
inches.
Cubic
decime-
tres to
cubic
i nr hex.
Cubic
metres to
cubic
feet.
Cubic
metres to
cubic
yards.
Quintals
to Ibs. av-
oirdu-
pois.
Milliers
or tonnes
to Ibs. av-
oirdu-
pois.
Kilo-
grammes
to oz.
troy.
1....
0.0610
0.1220
0.1831
0.2441
0.3051
0.3661
0.4272
0.4882
0.5492
61.023
122.047
Is.-i.OTO
244.094
305.117
366.140
427.164
488.187
549.210
35.314
70.629
105.943
141.258
176.572
211.887
247.201
282.516
317.830
1.308
2.616
3.924
5.232
6.540
7.848
9.156
10.464
11.771
1...
220.46
440.92
661.39
881.85
1102.31
1322.77
1543.24
1763.70
1984.16
2204.6
4409.2
6613.9
8818.5
11023.1
13227.7
15432.4
17637.0
19841.6
32.1507
61.3015
96.4522
128.6030
100.7537
192.9044
225.0552
257.2059
239 .3507*
2
2..
3
3
4
4
5
5..
6
g
7
7
8
g
9
9 .
By the concurrent action of the principal
governments of the world an International
Bureau of Weights and Measures has been
established near Paris. Under the direction
of the International Committee two ingots
were cast of pure platinum-iridlum In the
proportion of 9 parts of the former to 1 of the
latter metal. From one of these a certain
number of kilogrammes were prepared, from
the other a definite number of metre bars.
These standards of weight and length were
inter-compared, without preference, and cer-
tain ones were selected as international pro-
totype standards. The others were distrib-
uted by lot, in September, 1889, to the different
governments and are called national proto-
type standards. Those apportioned to the
United States were received In 1890 and are in
the keeping of this office.
The metric system was legalized in the
United States in 1866.
The international standard metre is derived
from the metre des archives, and its length is
denned by the distance between two lines at
centigrade, on a platinum-iridium bar de-
posited at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures.
The international standard kilogramme is
a mass of platinum-iridium deposited at the
same place, and its weight in vacuo is the
same as that of the kilogramme des archives.
The litre is equal to a cubic decimetre, and
it is measured by the quantity of distilled
water which, at its maximum density, will
counterpoise the standard kilogramme In a
vacuum, the volume of such a quantity of
water being, as nearly as has been ascer-
tained, equal to a cubic decimetre.
54 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896.
FARM CROPS.
[From Clapp & Co.'s Annual Record.]
TEN CROPS.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
1890.
WHEAT.
31,882,436
13.2
400,267,416
61.1
49.1
6.48
220,902,025
28.8
62.582,269
22.7
1,212,770,052
15.5
45.7
8.86
554,719,162
36.2
27.023,553
24.5
6(3.036,928
32.4
7.95
214,816,920
1,944,780
34.629,418
11.4
3i,131,725
57.1
53.8
ti.16
213.171,381
26.2
72,036.465
22.5
1,619,46,131
17
365
8.21
591,625,627
38.5
27,273,033
23.4
638.854,850
29.4
6.88
187,576,092
2.038,485
38,554,000
13.4
515,949,000
55.2
62.4
8.35
322.111,881
28.2
70.626,658
23.1
1,628,464,000
196
:-9.3
9.09
642,146,630
41.8
27,063.835
24.4
f 1.035,000
31.7
7.73
209,253,611
39,916,897
15.3
611,780,000
47.9
83.P
12.86
513.472,711
28.2
76204,515
2,0:d.l54,OCO
12.6
40.6
10.96
8,30,439,228
36.4
25.581.861
28.9
738,394.000
31.5
9.08
232,312,267
36.087,154
11.1
399.26>,GOO
51.9
83.8
9.28
3S4,773,678
31.9
71.970,763
20.7
1,489,970,000
18.2
50.6
10.48
75t.4S3.tal
45.9
2K.431.369
198
623.631,000
42.4
8.40
222,043,486
Average yield bushels per acre
Shipped out of county where grown
Amount in farmers' hands March l.p. c.
CORN.
Shipped out of county where grown
Amount in farmers' hands March l.p. c.
OATS.
Yearly acreage
RYE.
Yearly acreage
Average yield bushels per acre
13.7
2o,T27.615
50.3
6.89
13,395,476
3.170,602
19.03
fil.400,465
449
8.55
27,134,127
789,232
16.05
12,663,200
55.7
8.92
7,040,238
523,103
40fi.H7S.385
27,760,739
2.737,973
62.3
170,787,333
53
33.06
91,526,787
48,321,272
1.13
54,874,403
8.54
9.66
468,578,321
19,737.641
191.7
9.750,000
4.6
8.81
223.650.00C
13.03
26,555,446
51.3
6.66
13,612,222
3.220.371
21.7
69,869,495
41.1
18.91
28,729,386
815,614
14.7
12,132.211
58.3
8.57
7,074,450
702,952
4S3.023.9li3
39,155,442
2,605.186
72.2
183,034,203
59
42.59
108,661.801
49,613,469
1.32
66.766,153
8.68
11.65
670,882,872
19,701,385
182.76
7,527,211
6.99
10.40
251,6S9,S(M
#0.000,000
54.8
'33.000,000
77.4
*-,003,000
62.9
16,440,000
25,542,000
17,612,000
BARLEY.
Yearly acreage
70.000,000
47.2
175,000,000
$63.000,000
64.8
Farm value per bushel
Value per acre at farm
33,040,000
40500,000
40,824,000
BUCKWHEAT.
Average yield bushels per acre
111,000,000
53.4
112,000,000
57.9
lll.OOO.CCO
57.7
Farm value per bushel
Value per acre at farm
5,874,000
6,948,000
5
6,347,000
TOBACCO.
Production pounds
POTATOES.
2.411,500
62.2
1150.000,000
67.3
t41.86
100,950,000
142,735,042
1.17
i,>o,ooo,coo
6.73
17.87
336,500,000
18,362,000
167
6.717,142
8.4
114.02
246,542.901
Average yield bushels per acre
Total bushelsgrown
225.000,000
37.1
iiai.000,000
77.7
Value per acre at farm
Farm value of crop
83,475,000
141,525,423
1.18
149,000,000
8.39
19.90
411,110,000
20,838,000
203
9,038.707
7.3
114.81
297,377.014
104,895,000
140.000,000
1.20
148,000,000
7.74
19.28
371,520,000
20910,000
194
8,655,518
8.6
116.6,
326,959.124
HAY.
Yearly acreage
Average yield tons per acre
Total yield in tons
Farm value of crop
COTTON.
(Total yield in bales
Plantation value per pound
Plantation value of crop
201.712,861
1.854,4-33,795
212,636,378
2,012,179,077
199,763.035
1,912,859,023
204.(V'*>,:W
2,447,176,220
195,399,'^86
2,179,412.739
Total value leading crops
Cincinnati Price Current estimate. tBased on government value and per cent yield.
^Computations based on government or Chronicle figures. JNo government report for the year.
IClapp's estimate.
THE YEARLY WHEAT YIELD.
THE YEARLY WHEAT YIELD OF THE WORLD, SINCE 1890, IN BUSHELS.
COUNTRIES.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
1890.
United States
France
India
Russia and Poland
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Germany
United Kingdom
Asia, except India
Spain
Roumania
Caucasus
South America
Australasia
Canada
Africa
Turkey and dependencies.
Bulgaria
Belgium
Greece
Servia
Portugal
Netherlands
Denmark
S weden and Norway
Switzerland
Mexico ,
t435. 149,000
843.545,391
258,45S.t>67
305.000,000
200,000,000
122,957.387
113,500,000
1165,347,542
79,000,000
95,000.000
43,5*4.142
64.000.000
loo.imom
40.000.000
4*.000.<)00
40.000.000
30.000.000
22.000.000
20,000.000
4.800.000
5.000.000
8,000,000
5,000.000
5,000,000
4.400.000
4.000,000
10,000,000
396,132,000
277,857,0110
266,896,000
393,312.798
200,600.000
119,695,000
131.440,000
52.465,112
79,000,000
86,000,000
59..VW.OW
68,207.452
81,644,000
41,161,000
41.347,000
35,514,000
34,315.000
26,941,000
17,500.000
6,500,000
6,000,000
6,000,000
5,500,000
5,000,000
4,406.000
2.500.000
9.733,485
515,949,000
310,814.000
206,640.000
2(56.019,000
192,183,000
115,676,000
116.215,000
62,621.000
83.804.000
78.8'.ii;,ooo
60.253.IKX)
71.266,000
51,292.000
35,963,000
48,182.000
34,464.000
36.740.000
40,441.000
20,748.000
4,000.000
5.500.000
6.100,000
6.200.000
5.000.000
4.960.000
3,301.000
10,000,000
611,780,000
220.353,000
256,704,000
181,527,000
180,349.000
141,450,000
85,750,000
(7,016,000
87,907,000
71,349.000
45,672,000
79.000.IXX)
50,000.000
;i2.S89.UK)
60,721.000
38.723.000
40,800,000
40,902,000
15,560.000
5,675,000
5,000,000
7,000,000
3.504,000
4,666,000
4,741,000
3.300.000
12.000,000
399,262,000
331,748,810
228,592,000
225,621,679
192,076.962
126,610,746
104,020,781
78,306,016
72,206,370
75,530,734
63,954,240
56,000.000
51,271,043
42.480,131
39,231,412
38,915.000
37.134,720
25,470,000
19.573,675
12.378,240
10.315,200
8,252,160
6,189,120
5,776.512
4.368,651
2.475,648
12,000,000
World's crop, yearly
Exports for year ending June 30
Seeding requirements
Acreage in the United States
Yield per acre
Average weight per hushel
Export price lor Vear ending June 30. . .
Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago
COB.V:
United States crop
Yield per acre
Exports for year ending June 30
Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago
Acreage
Export price for year ending June 30.
OATS.- i
Acreage
Crop
Yield per acre
Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago
COTTON:
Crop, bales
Average weight per bale-
Acreage
Pounds per acre ,
Average export price to Aug. 31
Exports to Sept. 1
Price of January cotton Nov. 28
1.742.129 2,465,344,si'.' ,'.:','.i-.V.".'7.(XNl
2,471,
165.622,233
*53.000.000
33.224,764
13.1
58
.67
191,916.635
54,000,000
34.629,418
11.4
57.6
.79.9
225.666.311
55.550,000
38.554,430
13.4
57.5
1.02
.72
(1198.823,800 1,619.494,000 1,665,000.000
19.7
63,425,565
t60>54JK)0
.46.2
27,027,575
662,186.000
24.5
*9,300.000
t497.98
J20. 107.247
1-191.7
5,231.494
.05.79
72,036,465
.3.4
27,273,033
638.854.850
23.4
*7,527.211
496.28
19,701,385
182.76
.08.05
4,402.890
.O7.a5
23.1
73,768.672
70,626,658
.55
25,357,600
615.000,000
24.4
.31
6.717,142
499.85
18.362,000
167
.08.7
5,864,921
.09.60
.364,288,000
106,181.316
55.550,165
39,916.897
15.3
58.5
.93.3
.91%
060.000,000 1,490.000.000
,269,761,850
109,430,466
51.190,935
36,087,154
11.1
57.2
.83.2
27
30,768,213
76,204*515
.57
25,581,861
738.000.000
28.9
9,017,694
501.47
19,948.287
179
.10
5,791.434
20 7
32,000,000
71,973363
.49
26,431,000
523,621,000
19.8
.44
8,674,417
498.14
20.483,326
189
.10.2
4.906.000
.09.27
*Clapp's estimate, flndicated government estimate. JChronicle estimate, |] J. B. Laws.
COIN EQUIVALENTS.
[From Muhleman's Monetary Systems of the World.]
Dollars
Shil-
lings
Franca
Marks
Florins
Kronen
Kroner
RuKle
Peso
Rupee
Dollar (U. S.)....
4 11
518
4 20
248
492
3 73
1 34
98
of 20 shillings....
Franc* (Lat-Lnion)
Mark (Germany).. .
Florin (Dutch)
4.86.6
.19.3
.23.8
.40.2
"".79
.98
1.G5
25,22
"T.24
2.09
20.43
.81
12.09
.48
.59
23.97
.95
1.17
1.98
18.16
.72
.89
1.50
6.50
.26
.32
54
4.80
.19
.23
.40
10.96
.43
.54
%
Krone (Austria)...
Krone (Scand.)
Rublet (Russia)....
Pesot (Mexico)
.20.3
.26.8
.74.8
1.01.6
.83
1.10
3.08
4.18
1.05
1.39
. 3.88
5.26
.85
1.13
3.15
4.27
.50
.67
1.86
2.53
"T.32
3.68
5.00
.76
'"2. 79
3.79
.27
.38
"T.36
.20
.26
.74
.46
.60
1.69
22!)
Rupeef (India)
.44.4
1.83
2.30
1.87
1.10
2.18
1.66
.59
.44
Same as Italian lira, Spanish peseta, Greek drachma, Bulgarian lew. Roumanian lei
Finnish markka. Servian dinar, Venezuelan bolivar, and 1-5 peso of Spanish America.
tSilver ruble, peso, rupee, at United States coining rate.
56 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
SHEEP AND WOOL.
The number of sheep and number of pounds in the clip for states and years named, com-
oiled from Commercial Bulletin, Boston, and American Shepherd's Year Book and Govern-
ment Reports.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
NUMBER OF SHEEP
JANUARY 1.
CLIP OF BACH STATE IN
POUNDS FOR YEAR.
1895.
181)4.
1893.
1895.
1894.
1893.
Maine
284,435
106,233
226,938
49,383
11,279
37,934
1,096,560
50,662
1,178,795
12,873
138.174
449,357
357.494
78.384
402,946
110,627
326.640
390,904
178,745
3,738,117
212,328
493,782
635,535
1,046,788
3,577,419
1,96UM6
836,217
857,370
895,756
489,192
627.930
860,820
274,883
183,448
3,526,341
2,529,759
544,077
1,305,989
746,546
323,482
367,171
919,865
2,808,717
3,008,824
326,937
115,471
280,170
51,441
11,279
39,930
1,388,051
57,571
1,473,494
12,873
145,446
488,432
376,309
78,384
411,169
112,885
343,832
415.855
184,273
3,814,405
228,310
519,770
765,705
1,163,098
3.765,704
2,392,617
972,345
1,032,976
1.066,376
514,939
775,222
1,000,953
323,392
277,952
3,918,157
2,529,759
544.077
1.293,058
691,246
370,880
336,960
779,547
2,780,908
2,921,188
398,704
135,848
329,612
53,032
12.260
42,479
1,492,528
61,246
1,637.216
13,551
151,506
498,400
396,115
78,384
432,809
106,495
358,158
477,156
191,951
4,334.551
240,326
641,427
841,434
1,237,338
4,378,725
2,518,544
1,080,383
1,187,329
1,198,175
499,941
791,043
1,099,948
389,627
272,502
4,124,376
2,456,077
555,181
1,231,484
580,879
390,400
324,000
764,262
2,528,098
2,730,082
1,706,610
743,631
1,702,035
296,298
67,674
227,624
6,853,500
253.310
7,072,770
70,801
690,870
2,246,785
1,787,470
391,920
1,813,257
553,135
1,469,880
1,954,520
893,725
24,297,760
1.273,968
2,468,910
3,495,442
5,757,334
19,675.804
12.749.724
5,017.302
5,572,905
5,374,536
2.935.152
4,395,510
5,164,920
2,199.064
1,651.032
24,684.387
20,238,072
4,352,616
9,141,923
6.718,914
2,021,762
2,203,026
6,897,637
18,256,660
14,291,914
1,961,622
808,297
2,101,275
308,646
67,674
239,580
8,675,319
287,855
8,840,964
70,801
727,230
2,442,160
1,881,545
391,920
1,850,261
564,425
1,547,244
2,079,275
921,365
24,7aS,632
1,369,860
2.598,850
4,211.377
6,397,039
20,711,372
15,552,011
5.834,070
6,714,344
6,398,256
3.089.634
5,426,554
6,005,718
2,587,136
2,501,568
27,427.099
20,238,072
4,352,616
9,051,406
6,221.214
2,318,000
2,021,760
5,846,603
18,075,902
13,875,643
2,790,928
1,086.784
2,636,896
318.192
73,560
212,395
10,447,696
306.230
11,460.512
67,755
606.024 !
2,472,000
1,980,575
391,920
1.731.236
532,475
1,432,632
1,862,9:5(5
959.755
26,007,306
1,682,282
3,248,562
4,207,170
7,424.028
21,893,625
5,948,106
7,123,914
Rhode Island
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Texas
Ohio
Michigan
7.189.050
2,999,646
4,746,258
2,727!888
1.907.514
26.808,444
19,648.616
4,441,448
8,620,388
5,808,790
2.342,400
1,944,000
5,319,834
17,696,686
13,650,400
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
2,039,226
748,857
1,222,538
22,778
1,905,819
832,063
1,198,567
18,222
2,117,577
823,825
1,198,567
13,254,969
5,241.999
10,391,573
159,446
12,387,823
5,824,441
10.187.820
127,554
14,823,039
<;,590,600
9,588,536
Oklahoma
Total
42.294.0fc
45,048,0171 47,273,55;
270,680,076
287,914.832
299.752.666
The total number of sheep in the United States and total wool clip, importations, spindles,
and Boston and London sales for years named:
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
The American flock, Januar
The total American clip of v
The total foreign wool impo
Per cent of foreign consume
No. of new textile plants rei
Boston receipts Domestic..
y 1
42,294,064
270,680,076
45,048,017
54,914.832
*119,765,721
47,273,553
304.152,666
172,433,838
35.7
27.9
504.319
120,893
107.207,000
25,574,900
1,775,000
299.000
60.75
125,995,500
.08^
44,938,000
333,018,405
148,670.652
33.1
35.6
629,440
191,136
137,749,700
42,697.900
1,835.000
291.000
58.32
123,988,420
43.431,136
303,401.507
' 30.8
ool Ibs.
rted Ibs.
d in U.S...
orted
263
581,304
102,366
138.640,284
27,281,500
1,896.000
256.000
56.89
120,275,280
.07^
545,230
163,116
115,827,159
32,328,300
1,683.000
322.000
65.61
131,545,620
.09
Boston sales Domestic Ibs.
.London sales Australian bales
Cape bales
Average value per bale, 3
Value In dollars
Value good, greasy Australian, Dec.
31 per Ib.
*75,170,314, free of duty.
FARM ANIMALS AND STATISTICS OF TOBACCO.
57
FARM ANIMALS IN THE UNITED STATES, YEARLY, JANUARY 1.
Mules.
Milch Cows.
Other Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine.
1878..
1S71I..
1880..
1881.,
..
IX*.
1887.
1890.
1891.
1S92.
K.
is'.u.
18%.,
10.329,700
10.93.S.700
11,201.800
11,429,626
10,521.5*4
10.838.111
1U69.6X3
11,564.572
U077.657
12,496,744
13.172,936
13,663,2;>4
14,218,837
14,056,750
15.498,140
lrt.20H.802
16,081.139
15.SiW.H18
1.637,500
1,713,100
1.729.5IX)
1.720,731
1,835.160
1,871.079
1.914.126
1,972,569
2,052,593
2,117.141
2,191,727
2,257.574
2.331.027
2.291.532
2.314.699
2,331.128
2,352,231
2,333,108
11.300,100
11,826,400
12.027.000
12,368,653
12.611,632
13,125,085
13,501,206
13.904,722
14,235,388
14.522.083
14.856.414
14.211S.ltt5
15.952.8-vS
10.019,591
16,41<S51
16,42*087
16.487,403
16.504,629
19,223,300
21,408,100
21,231.000
20,937.702
23.280,238
28.046,077
29.046.101
29,836,573
31.275.242
33,511,750
34.378,363
35.tti2.417
36.849.024
36.875.IV48
37.651,239
35,954,196
36.608,168
34,364,316
35,740,500
38,123.800
40.765.9IX)
43.576.899
45.016.224
49.237,291
50,626.626
50,360.24,"
48.3r2.SU
44.759.314
43,544,755
42,599,079
44,336.072
43,431.136
4,93S,365
47,253,553
45 MX.017
42,294,064
32,262,500
34,766,200
34,034,100
36,227.603
44.122,200
^.270,086
44,200,893
45.142,657
4t!,092,043
44.612,836
44,346,525
50,301.592
51.602,780
50,6.'5.106
6-J.398.019
4(i.094.807
45.206.498
44,165.176
A comparison of the numbers and value for two years past Is presented, as follows:
STOCK.
NUMBER.
1894.
1895.
Increase (+)
or
decrease ().
AGGREGATE VALUE.
1894.
1895.
Increase
Horses
Mules
Milch Cows
Oxen and other
cattle
Sheep
Swine
Total...
16,081,139
2.352,231
16,487,400
36,608,168
45,048.017
45.206.4U8
15,893,318
2.333.108
16,504,629
34,364,216
42,294.084
44,165,716
187,821
19,123
+17,229
-2,243,952
2.753,953
1,040,782
$769,224,799
146,232.811
358,998,661
53<?,789.747
89.1S6.110
270.384,626
1576,730,580
110,927,834
362,601,729
482,999,129
66,<>S5,767
219.501,267
-$192,494,219
-35,301,977
+3,003,068
53,790.618
-22.500,343
-50.883,359
2,170,816.754
1.819.446.306
-351,370,448
The changes In value per head are also shown, as follows:
STOCK.
VALUE PER
HEAD.
1894. 1895
Increase
or
decrease.
STOCK.
VALUE PER
HEAD.
1894. 1895
Increase
or
decrease.
Horses
Mules
Milch cows.
$47.83
62.17
21.77
$36.29
47.55
21.97
-$11.54
14.62
+.20
Oxen and other
cattle
Sheep
Swine
$14.C6
1.98
$14.06
1.58
4.97
-$0.00
.40
1.01
STATISTICS OF TOBACCO.
Crop In 1867, 1881, 1884, 1888, and 1894.
STATES.
1867.
1881.
1884.
1888.
1894.
Arkansas
Connecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
All other
Total
Pounds.
1,739,000
6,664,000
15,792,000
7,385,000
40.000,000
22,472.000
3,619,000
11,657,000
8,743,000
40,212.000
10,749.000
4.712.000
40.988.000
90.0^)0.000
2,100.000
100.000
6,792.000
Pounds.
979,922
13.763,759
3,346,195
7,719,373
163.037,700
25,869,218
5,000.964
12,233,959
6,291,217
24,827.532
35.419.913
a8,805.G61
22,157.300
77.649,854
2.066,531
8,702,770
2.008,146
Pounds.
1,111,000
9,481,000
3,944.000
9,318.000
208,692,000
31.255.000
3,715.000
15,810,000
8,162,000
34.858.000
29,349.000
34,143,000
31,392.000
99.763,000
2,343,000
14.3W.OOO
3,808.000
Pounds.
1,156,000
9.603.000
2.947.000
16.1SS.01X)
283,306.0011
14,017,009
3,893.000
13,109,000
6,488.000
25,755,000
35,195,000
24,1M),OUI
45,641,000
64.aS4.000
4,496,000
12.846.000
2,976,000
Pounds.
1,195,908
10.176,908
1,790,980
3,841,952
18.",.61S,42f
7,010,380
3,449,655
8,296,749
6.934,620
42,043,620
32.468,938
26.228,089
26,724.000
IS5.593.984
2,634,585
14,669,592
313.':24.0IIO| 449.SSI 1.014
541 .504.000 565.795.000 4O;.f,- --.:;-:
r,s
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMAXAC FOR 1896.
COTTON STATISTICS.
The production and distribution of cotton in the United States in bales of 500 pounds.
1894-95.
1893-94.
1892-93.
1891-92.
1890-91.
Acreage in the United States
Yield per acre in pounds
Average weight per bale
Crop in bales
Crop of Sea Island cotton
Consumption of Sea Island cotton
Exports Sea Island, year ending August 31
Foreign cotton imported, in pounds
Value foreign cotton goods imported, in dollars
Consumption of northern spinners
Consumption of southern spinners :
Total consumption
Exports to Great Britain
Exports to France
Exports to Channel '.
Exports to other foreign countries
Exports to Canada by rail
Total all exports
Spindles in northern states
Spindles in southern states
value exports of cotton manufactures, dollars. .
Plantation value U. S. cotton crop, in dollars....
19,737.000
191.7
497.98
9,750,2al
19,701,000
182.76
497.98
7,54'..817
61.052
24,345
37,333
2,946,077
3,443,574
774.476
2,500,911
22,346,479
1,675.000
723.329
18,362,000
167
499.85
6,711,365
45,422
22,911
22,548
43.367,952
90,316
6,818,277
2,761.306
588.145
138,018
1,744,025
5.2S7.SS7
13,550.000
2,291.064
..
1,950.000
733.701
2,683.701
2,332,665
548,407
70,759
1,451,059
58,971
4.402.S90
13,475.000
2.1fi6,023
20,838,287
203
498.78
9,035,379
59,171
32,093
27,568
28,663,769
' 2,025,666
681,471
2.706,471
14,340.6831 11.809.355
692.304
79.324
1,762,785
76,580
5.S64.921
13,275,001)
2.002.8f
13,226.277
20,483.325
194
499.84
8,655,518
68,118
26.651
39.116
20,908,817
' '1,925,666
605.916
2,530,916
3,319,004
561.246
82.010
1,828.374
68,367
5.791.434
12.925,000
1.856.000
13.472.85'
228,0X1000 251,689,804,246,542,901 297,377.014 326,959,124
There are 119 plants employing nearly $13,000,000 in capital in manufacture of cottonseed oil
and cake; 13 establishments engaged in cotton cleaning; 52 in compressing; 1.637 in ginning; 905
in the manufacture of cotton goods; 3 of cotton ties; 31 handle cotton waste. The 2,641 con-
cerns aggregate a capital of 365,957,844; they employ 232.802 hands, and pay out for wages
annually $711711,162. Fall River employs $20,478,000, which nets 5 to 8*4% in dividends.
RECEIPTS'AND EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT, 1864-1895.
REVENUE BY FISCAL YEARS.
Customs.
Internal
Revenue.
Sales of
Public
Lands.
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
Prem's on
Loans and
Sales of
Gold Coin.
OtJier Mis-
cellaneous
Items.
Total
Revenue.
Excess of
Revenue
Over Ordi-
nary Ex-
penditures
1864.
I,-!',-..
1866.
is'-,:.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1*77.
1K7S.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1SS2.
1883.
1884.
1885.
.
1890.
1891.
1S!.
1S93.
1SH4.
189;..
$102,316,153
84,928,261
179,046,652
176,417.811
164.464,600
180,048,427
194,533,374
206,270,408
216,370,287
188,089,523
163,103.834
157,167,722
148.071,985
130.956,493
130,170,680
137,250,048
186,522,065
198,159,676
220,410,730
214,706,497
195,067,490
181,471,939
192.9(15,023
217,286,893
219,091,174
223,832,742
229.668.584
219.528.205
177.452.964
203.355.017
131.818,681
$109,741,134
209,464,215
309,226.81"
266.027,537
191,087,589
158,356,461
184,899,756
143,098,154
130,642,178
113,729,314
102,409,785
110.007,494
116,700,732
118,630,408
110,581,625
113.561. HI 1
124.009,374
135.2114,386
146,497,595
144,720,369
121,586,073
112,498,726
116.805,936
118.823,391
124.296,872
130.881,514
142.WJ6.70:.
145.686.249
153,971.072
161,027.624
147,111,232
$475.649
1,200,573
1,974,754
4,200.234
1,788. 146
765,686
229,103
580,355
315,255
93,799
31
1,517
160,142
108,157
70,721
' 103,246
32,892
1,566
143,421,672
$588.333
996,553
665,031
1,163,576
1,348,715
4.020.344
3.350.482
2.3SS.647
2,575.714
2.882,312
1,852.429
1,413,640
1,129,467
976,254
1,079,743
924,781
1,016,507
2.201.8(13
4,753,140
7,935,864
9,810.705
5,705.9%
5.630.999
9,254.2Sd
11,20-2.017
8,0:i8,6V2
6,358.272
4,029.535
3,261.876
3.1.82,090
1,673,637
1,103,347
$21.174,101
11,683,447
38,083,056
27.7S7.330
29,203,629
13,755,491
15.295,644
8.892.840
9,412,638
11,560,531
5.037,665
4,029,481
405,777
317,102
1,505,048
110
$30,331,401
25,441,556
29.036.314
15,037,522
17,745,404
13,997,339
12,942,118
2-2,093.541
15,106,051
17,161,270
17,075,043
15,431,915
17.456,77(1
18,031,655
15,614,728
20.583,697
21.978,525
25,154,851
31.703.64o
30.796.r.95
21,984,88:.'
24,014,05?
20.989.528
26.005,815
24,674,446
24,297.151
24.447,419
23,374,457
20.251.872
18,253,898
17.118.618
16,706,438
$264,626,772
333,714,605
558,032,620
490,634,010
405,638,083
370.9 43.7 47
411,255,478
3S3.323.94-)
374.106.868
333,738,205
289.478.755
288.lXXJ.ail
287,482.039
269.000.587
257,763,879
273,827.181
333,r.26.611
360.782.293
403,525.259
398.2S7.5S>
348.519.870
323,690.706
336.439,727
371.403,278
379.266.075
387.050.059
403.1I80.9K!
392,612.447
354,397.784
385.818.629
297,722.019
313,390.075
1800696^70
' 963,84(1,619
37,223,203
133,091.335
28.297.798
48.078,469
101,601.917
91,146.757
96,588,905
43,392,959
2,344,882
13.376.658
29.022.242
30.340.578
20.799,552
6,879,301
65.883,653
100,0<i9,405
145.543.811
132,879.444
104.393.626
63,463,771
93.956.589
103.471,098
111,341.274
87.701,081
85,040.272
26,838,542
9,914,454
2,341,674
42.8(>5.223
'69.803,260
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT.
'EXPENDITURES BY FISCAL YEARS.
CIVIL AND MISCELLANEOUS
Prem. on
ns.Pur-
cJia.se of
Bonds, etc.
Other Civil
and Mis-
cellaneous
Items.
War
Depart-
ment.
Navy
Depart-
ment.
Indians.
Pensions.
Interest
on Public
Debt.
TotalOrdi-
nary Ex-
penditures
.
isoo.
IS67.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1870.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
$1,717,900
58,477
10,813,349
7,001,151
1,674,630
15.990.550
9,010,795
6,958.267
5.1(15.920
1,395,074
2,795,320
1,061,249
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
S.270,S42
17,292,303
20,3i>4.244
10,401,221
$27,505,5<)9
43,047,"-
41,056,952
51,110,224
53,009,868
56,474,062
53.237,462
60.481.916
6!),98 1,757
73,328,110
69,641,593
71,070,703
(50.958.374
50.252.007
53,177,704
65,741.555
54,713,530
64,416,325
57,219,751
OS,07S,022
70,920.434
87,494,258
74.106,930
85.204,826
72,952,201
80,664,064
81,403.250
110,048,107
108,782,799
101,943.730
93,279,730
$690,791.843
:7i658 1,031,323,361
284,449,702
95,224,416
123,246,649
78,501,991
57,655,675
35.799,992
35,372,157
46,323,138
42,315,927
4 1.1 20/46
3S.070.8S9
37,082,736
32.154,148
40.425,661
38,116,916
40,466,461
43,570,494
48,911,383
39.429.603
42,670,578
34,324,153
38.561.026
38.522,436
44,435,271
441582:838
48,720,005
46,895,45fi
49,611,773
54.567.930
51.804,759
$85,725,995
122,612,945
43,324,119
31,034,011
25,775,503
20,OOJ,758
21,780,230
19,431,027
21,249,810
23,526,257
30,932.587
21,497,626
18,963.310
14,939,935
17,365.301
15,125,127
13,536,985
15.686,672
15,032,046
15.2S.V137
17,292,601
16,021,080
13,907,888
35,141,127
16,926,438
21,378,809
22,006,206
26,113,896
29,174,139
30.136,084
31.701,294
28,797.795
$2,629,859
5,116,837
3,247,005
4,642,532
4,100,682
7,042,923
3,407,938
7.426,997
7,031,729
7,051,705
6.1592,162
8.:3S4.057
5.9i50.55S
5.277.1X17
4.li29,280
5,206,109
5,945,457
6.514,161
9.73'i,747
7,362,590
6,475,999
6,552,493
6,099.158
6,194,523
6,219,308
$4.98:3,924
16,SB,811
15,605,352
20,9:!6.552
2:{,72.:lS7
28.476,662
28,310,202
34,4413,895
28.5)33,403
29,359,427
29,0:38,415
29.456,216
2S.257.39ii
27,963,768
27,137,019
35,121,482
56,777,174
50,059,280
61,345,194
66,012,574
55. I29.22S
56,102,267
63,404,864
75,029,102
6,708.04
8,5*7,469
11,150,578
13,345,347
10.293,482
9,939,754
87,624,779
100,930,855
124,415,951
134.583,053
159.357,585
141,177,285
141,395,228
$53,685,422
77,397,712
133,067,742
143,781,592
140,424,046
130,694,243
129,235,498
125,576,566
117,357,840
104,750,688
107,119,815
103,093,545
100,243.271
97,124,512
102,500,875
105,327.949
95,757,575
82,508.741
71,077,207
59,160,131
54,578,378
51,386,256
SO,. 7 * (.146
47,741,577
44,715,007
41.001,484
315.099.284
37,547,135
23,378,116
27,264,392
27.841,406
30,978,030
$885,322,642
1,297,555,224
520.809.417
357,542,675
377,340,285
322,865.278
309,653,561
292,177,188
277,517,963
290,345,245
287,133.873
274,623,393
258,459,797
238.660,009
236,984,327
206.947,883
207.612.958
260.712,888
257.981,440
205,408,138
244.126,244
2<i0.220.'.K5
242.4S3.138
207.932,180
887,984,801
229,288,978
318,040,711
305,773,905
345,023,330
3813,477,964
365, 195,298
356,195,298
* Expenditures In excess of revenue.
TOTAL AND PER CAPITA RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
Of the United States from customs and internal revenue, 1890 to 1894, inclusive.
RECEIPTS.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
Total.
Per
cap.
Total.
Per
cap.
Total.
Per
cap.
Total.
Per
cap.
Total.
Per
cap.
Distilled spirits (int.)
Liquors (customs). . .
F armented liquors
(internal)
$81,687,375
8,518,081
26.008.535
110 ''13 'HI!
1.333
.139
.424
1 896
$83,335,964
9,503,327
28,565,130
1 9 1 404 421
1.331
.152
.456
1 't'! 1 !
$91,309,984
8,840,501
30.037,453
130 187 938
1.427
.138
.470
2 035
$94,720,261
9,256,617
32,548,983
1'30 )'") SOI
1.448
.142
.498
2 088
$85,259,252
6,930.244
31,414,788
1.276
.104
.470
Tobacco (Internal).. .
Tobacco (customs)...
Total
33.95S.991
13.317.368
.554
.217
32,796,271
16,172,277
.524
.258
31,000,493
10.2ti3.ll08
.485
.161
31.SS9.712
14.S31.990
.488
.226
28,017,899
13,668,907
.428
.205
47,276.359
.771
48,968,548
.782
41.265,561
.646
46,721,702
.714
42.286,806
.633
Sugar and molasses.
Other (internal)
Other (customs)
Total
55,166,703
951,805
152.600,433
.900
.016
2.491
32,505.332
988,884
161.341.269
.519
.016
2.576
126,704
1,623,143
158,220.691
.002
.025
2.473
191,831
1,868,6(8
179,074,579
.003
.028
2.7:38
272,131
1,819,294
110,917,249
.004
.027
i.ooo
208.784.911
3.407
194.835,485
3.111
159.970,538
2.500
181.135,078
2.769
113,038,674
1.691
Total internal
Total customs
Miscellaneous
Grand total
EXPENDITURES.
Civil
112,000.70';
229.1VV8.585
30.805,692
2.327
3.747
.503
145.iiS6.249
.'19.5*2,205
27,403.993
2.327
3.505
.438
153.971.073
177.452,964
23.513,747
2.407
2.774
.367
101,027.624
203.355.017
21.436,088
2.402
3.109
.328
147,111,233
131,818,531
18.792,255
2.201
1.973
.281
403,080,983
23.638,827
4,917,400
32,377,615
467,785
11,737.438
15.174,403
6,831.803
36,0!I9,284
10S.93li.855
52,847.030
8.577
.386
.080
.528
.008
.192
.248
.111
.589
1.745
.862
<592,612,447
27,143,925
5,528,708
35,792,972
676,466
12.250,627
15.504.6SI9
10,609.197
37,547.1.35
124.415.951
77,375.534
6.270
.4313
.088
.572
.011
.196
.248
.169
.599
1.987
1.236
354,937,784
25,236,899
7,240,784
32,999.685
878,562
13.017,208
15.417,639
13.756.500
23,378.116
131.583.053
67,364.306
5.548
.394
.113
.516
.014
.203
.241
.215
.306
2.104
1.05:!
385,819,629
28,233,933
5,603,101
34,002.205
839,732
14.799.Sili
15,105,875
15.030,227
27.264,392
159,357,558
09.895,705
5.899
.432
.065
.520
.013
2->0
!231
.230
.417
2.436
1.069
297,722,019
26.943,387
4.926.715
31,318,631
361,934
19.887.362
15.502,03)
16,199,259
27,841,40C
141,177,285
70.073,782
4.455
.403
.074
.513
.005
.298
.232
.242
.417
i'.049
Buildings
Army
Fortifications
Rivers and harbors. .
Navy support
Construction
Interest
Pensions
Miscellaneous
Total expend! t rs
291,028.440
4.749
346,845,214
5.539
33B372.752
6.818
370,132,606
5.659
357,231,799
5.346
60 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
RAILROAD BUILDING.
[From Poor's Railroad Manual.]
Number of miles of railroad In operation in each state and territory of the United States dur-
ing the years ending Dec. 31, 1870, 18SO, and from 1889 to 1894, inclusive.
STATES AND GROUPS
OP STATES.
1870
1880.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
New England.
Maine
786
736
614
1,480
136
742
4,494
1.005
1,015
914
1,915
210
923
5,977
1,340.11
1,123.68
960.59
2,082.85
212.43
1.010.79
6,730.45
1,377.47
1,146.89
988.45
2,096.69
234.43
1,006.64
6,840.57
1.383.26
1,144.88
1,O>1.91
2,100.32
223.48
1,006.54
6,860.39
1,101.64
1,061.33
995.01
2,126.69
223.48
1.088.54
6,914,69
1.515.00
1,155.88
986.54
2,121.26
227.46
1,013.22
7,019.36
1.621.38
1,170.38
975.36
2,124.76
225.95
1,013.22
7,131.05
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Total
Middle Atlantic.
New York
3,928
1,125
4,656
197
671
10,577
5,991
1,684
6,191
275
1,040
15,181
7.708.87
2,035.52
8,421.82
314.54
1,225.19
20.66
19.726.60
7,745.85
2,052.81
8,700.58
314.95
1,270.04
20.66
20,114.89
7,765.22
2,132.41
8,919.98
320.12
1,269.44
20.66
20,427.83
8.116.10
2,201.91
9,159.45
314.94
1,289.44
20.66
21,102.50
8,110.51
2,176.1C
9,435.56
315.44
1,300.80
20.66
21,359.67
8,148.10
2,205.05
9.511.21
315.44
1,292.67
22.66
21.495.13
New Jersey ..
Pennsylvania
Delaware
District of Columbia. J
Total
Central Northern.
Ohio
3,538
1,638
8,177
4,823
1,525
14,701
5,792
3,938
4,373
7,851
3,155
25,109
1,893
691
1,486
1,427
2,459
518
8,474
7,792.85
6,918.40
6,003.76
9,964.63
5,477.63
36,175.27
7.987.99
7,103.15
1,106.19
10,129.65
5,614.95
36.944.93
8,167.63
7,187.44
6,135.25
10.189.38
5,785.61
37,465.31
8,351.88
7,440.95
6,292.12
10,439.53
5,927.97
38,362.45
8,558.74
7.492.33
6,321.07
10,428.19
5,970.07
38,770.40
8,574.48
7,474.81
6,390.56
10..-*U.90
6,031.48
39,036.23
Illinois
Wisconsin
Total
South Atlantic.
Virginia
1,486
387
1,178
1,139
1,845
446
6,481
3,202.75
1.327.89
2,844.13
2,129.37
4,268.20
2,377.55
16,149.89
3,367.65
1,433.30
3.128.17
2,296.65
4.592.83
2. 439.52
17,308.12
3,573.64
1,547.11
3,205.46
2,491.06
4,870.25
2,566.87
18,254.39
3,576.69
1,806.19
3,229.57
2,545.30
4,946.39
2,676.88
19,781.02
3,590.99
1.883.33
3,353.31
2,561.72
5,083.02
2,840.26
19,312.63
3,575.18
1.976.99
3,371.25
2,617.13
5.140.68
2,978.74
19,659.97
West Virginia .
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Total
Gulf and Miss. Valley.
Kentucky
1,017
1,492
1,157
990
450
5,106
1,530
1,843
1.843
1,127
652
6,995
3,965
859
3,244
3,400
1,570
758
289
14,085
2,776.88
2,648.20
3,145.69
2,379.18
1,654.09
12,622.04
2,946.38
2,798.98
3,422.20
2,470.85
1,749.95
13,388.36
2,962.45
2.996.20
3.576.47
2,440.39
1,880.01
13,855.52
2,997.23
3,064.26
3,595.76
2.448.37
1,967.09
14,072.71
3,051.25
3.091.43
3.627.89
2,459.22
1,992.81
14,222.63
3,029.95
3.124.28
3,633.5(5
2,487.55
2,067.35
14,342.69
Tennessee.. .....
Mississippi
Total
Southwestern.
2,000
256
711
1,501
157
5,978.41
2.140.54
8.49S.31
8.810.27
4,097.37
1,326.28
1,155.14
32,006.32
6,142.02
2,213.44
8,709.85
8,900.11
4,291.11
1,388.77
1,260.65
32,905.95
6,178.45
2,304.95
8.812.67
8.890.87
4,441.33
1,423.82
1,272.08
33,324.17
6,360.56
2,310.67
9,040.73
8,893.83
4,451.52
1,429.57
1,375.02
33,861.90
6,464.30
2.369.91
9.184.61
8,931.28
4,488.22
1,439.50
1,379.14
34,256.96
6,517.05
2,424.05
9.230 96
8,872.16
4,538.86
1,510.36
1,334.28
34,477.72
Texas
New Mexico
Indian Territory ?
Total
4,625
Northwestern.
Iowa .'
2,683
1,092
705
65
459
5,400
3,151
1,953
1,225
512
106
12,347
8,43(5.02
5,482.34
5,124.20
J 2,055.73
} 2.480.92
950.50
2,001.19
25,530.90
8,416.14
5,545.35
5.407.47
2,116.49
2,610.41
1,002.93
2,195.58
27,249.37
8,436.51
5.670.88
5.430.49
2,222.77
2,699.92
1,048.71
2,290.82
27,800.10
8,506.00
5,874,08
5,524.28
2,315.24
2,707.89
1,150.13
2,667.87
28,745.49
8.513.44
5,944.58
5,504.32
2.517.20
2,792.15
1.157.62
2.721.63
29.210.94
8,508.27
6,039.70
5.541.36
2.528.1(5
2,797.41
1.177.93
2.824.61
29.417.44
Minnesota
North Dakota . )
South Dakota j
Total
5,004
Pacific.
California
925
159
2,195
508
289
739
349
842
206
5,128
4,202.11
1.413.H8
1,705.57
916.18
1,094.81
1,211.73
929.09
11,473.17
4,336.45
1,455.53
1,998.65
923.18
1,094.81
1,265.49
946.11
12,020.22
4,484.63
1,503.52
2,309.23
923.18
1,079.57
1,335.66
959.68
12,613.47
4,623.65
1,521.82
2,722.13
423.23
1,161.97
1,356.59
1,073.29
ia382.68
4.692.39
1.527.19
2.837.52
932.23
1.161.97
1,369.08
1,089.99
13.601.37
4.634.89
1,514.60,
2,805.15!
922.62
1,357.49
1.394.87
1,089.49
13.719.11
Washington
593
Utah
257
Idaho
Total
1,934
52:922
United States
98,290
161,396.64
166,817.41
170,601.18
175,223.44
177,753.36
179,279.34
FOREIGN CARRYING TUADK AND FOREIGN IMMIGRATION.
(il
FOREIGN CARRYING TRADE.
Values of the Impprts and exports of the United States carried in American vessels and
in foreign vessels during each fiscal year for the last twenty years, with the percentage carried
in American vessels.
YEAR KXDIXG JUNE 30.
1866..
isc,;..
1S71,.
1S72..
is;:>..
1874..
1ST.-...
1S76..
1S77..
1S78..
H79..
1880..
1881..
1SS2..
IS-iii..
issr..
1890..
i sin..
..
1S93..
I SHI."
IMPORTS.
In American
Vessels.
$112.040,395
11 7.209,538
122,963,225
136.802,024
153,237.077
163,285,710
177,286,302
174.739.8S4
176.027,778
157,872.726
143,380,704
151,834,087
146,499,282
143,599,353
149,317,368
133,631,146
1 30.266,828
138,002,290
135,046,207
112.864,052
118,942,817
121,365,4',
123.525,298
120,782,910
124,926,977
127,471,688
1*1.139,891
127.095.434
108.2CKi.it37
In Foreign
Vessels.
$333.471,763
300,622,035
248,659.583
300,512,2:11
809,140,510
363,030,644
445,416,783
471,80ii,765
405,320,135
382,949,568
321.139.500
329,565,833
:W7.407,565
310,499,55)9
503,494,913
41(1.840.2f.9
571,517,802
564,175,576
512,511,192
443,513,801
491,937,836
543.392.216
568.222.357
586.120.881
623.6rti.134
676,511,763
648.535,976
fi95,184,394
503.810,334
590,510,308
EXPORTS.
In American
Vessels.
$213,671,461!
180,625,368
175.016,348
153,154,748
199.732,324
190,3:8.462
168,0(4,708
171,566,758
174.424,216
156,385,066
167.686,467
164.826,214
166.551,624
128.425,339
109.029,209
118,955,824
96,962,919
104,418,210
98,652.828
82.001.65)1
78.406,686
72.991,253
(i7.332.175
83,022.198
75.382,012
78,968,047
81,033,844
70.670,073
71.258,893
60,474.697
In Foreign
Vessels.
$351,754,928
280,708,3(18
301.886,491
285,979,781
329,786,978
392.801,932
393,929,579
494,915.886
533.885,971
501.838,5)49
492.215,487
530.354,703
569,583,564
600,769.633
720.770,521
777,162,714
641,460.5)67
694,331,348
615.287.007
636.004.765
581,973,477
621,802,292
606,474,964
630.942,6fiO
739,594.424
773.589,324
916,022.832
733,132.174
825,798.918
687,535,828
32.2
33.9
S5.1
33.2
35.6
31.9
29.2
26.4
27.2
26.2
27.7
26.9
26.3
23.0
17.4
16.5
15.8
16.0
17.2
15.3
15.5
14.3
14.0
14.3
12.9
12.5
12.3
12.2
13.3
11.2
FOREIGN IMMIGRATION.
Immigrants arrived in the United States, during the years ending June 30, 1894 and 1895.
COUNTRIES-.
1894.
Male. Female. Total
1895.
Malt. Female. Total
Austria-HungaryBohemia
Hungary
Other Austria (except Poland)
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Italy..
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Roumania
Russia (except Poland)
Finland
Spain
Sweden and Norway
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom England.
Scotland
Ireland
West Indies
South America
Armenia
Syria
China
Japan
Australasia
Hawaiian Islands
Other countries
Total...
1,263
9,462
12,822
14833
3,061
2,111
33,173
1,309
311,139
1,768
947
1,089
432
19,407
1,385
613
14.590
2,066
199
17.671
4,011
14,749
407
301
210
795
3,734
853
496
304
406
2,527
14,423
20,563
2,026
5,574
3,653
59,358
1,348
43,964
2,884
1.555
2,069
805
35,697
2,359
816
27,365
3,414
288
30,537
7,231
33,840
718
432
241
1,181
3,937
906
753
460
781
10.069
10,114
1,004
2,313
2.074
18,992
574
26,905
1.488
591
258
310
18,038
1,309
635
12,047
1,543
146
19.982
3,189
20,257
483
265
200
1.522
914
444
249
122
452
863
5,153
6,429
586
1,914
1,636
17,2(i3
31
10,050
858
437
329
204
13,717
1,128
253
10,995
1.081
66
13,772
2.692
27,656
273
68
33
788
60
38
110
40
853
1,664
15.222
16.543
1,590
4,227
3,710
36,255
605
36,955
2,346
1,028
587
514
31,755
2,437
888
23,042
2,624
202
33,754
5,881
47,913
756
333
233
2.310
974
482
359
162
1S4.006
311.612
157.270 I 118.866
276.13(i
NOTE. The arrivals of immigrants
gration into the country at ports rep
America and Mexico an* not inohu'eri i
above specified comprise about 99 percent, of the
orting such arrivals. Immigrants from British
n the above statement.
immi-
Nortb
62 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
COUNTRIES.
Rulers.
Titles.
Pop.
Area.
Abyssinia
Menelik II
Emperor.
3,000.000
4,000,000
4,086,492
41,231,842
500,000
6,262,272
2.500,000
2,019,549
9,930,470
3,309,81H
2,915.332
386.s53.o29
3.878,600
14,000.000
243,205
250.000
2,185,335
1.270,000
6,817,265
3S.IU3.192
49.KS.47I
29,955.281
5.594.982
3.502.684
1,995.185
1,657,867
992,883
128,495
271,963
403,773
578,342
97,978
854,968
170,864
206,513
223,832
326,091
62,754
57,281
38,104.975
2,187.208
1,460.017
89,990
960,000
369,048
221,172,952
28.459.fi28
40,435.461
700,000
io.528.arr
1.0)8.000
211,088
3,500,000
12,056,046
220.000
5,000.000
2.000.000
4.732,911
282,845
1,500,000
207,503
480.000
9.000.000
2,621,844
4,708.178
5,800.000
118,014,187
651,130
34,000
610,000
2.256.084
8.000,000
409,276
17,5*55,632
6,825,067
2,917,754
1.500.000
27,691.600
62,022.250
728,447
2,323,527
150,000
300,000
1,125,086
249,942
130,000
11,373
92.000
567,360
3.209.S7*
24,360
293,970
l,:a7.3os
504,773
900.000
23000
4,000
15,289
12,000
10.698
204.092
208,670
134,537
29,282
5.787
7,528
6,822
2,966
469
906
1,424
6,135
1,131
2,479
511
757
053
1,388
120
433
120.979
25,041
46.000
6,640
10,204
43.000
964,993
110,623
147,655
22,320
82.000
14,360
998
228,500
767,005
3.630
219,000
54.000
12.648
49,500
82.000
48,326
98.000
628.000
463.747
34.038
48.307
8,660,282
7,225
1,701
18,045
19.050
200.000
119.139
197,670
297.321
15,976
45,000
1,147,587
3,501,000
72.110
593,943
Afghanistan
Argentina
Austria-Hungary
Abdur Khan
Senor Uriburu
Franz Josef I
Ameer
President
Emperor
Beloochistan
Mir Muhammad
Khan
King..
Bokhara
Sayid Abdul Ahad
M. Baptista
Ameer
Brazil
Prudentide M. Barros
President
Ferdinand
Jorge Montt
Duke
President
Chile
Tsai T'ien
Colombia
M. A. Caro
President
Gutbili
King....
Christian IX
King
Abbas Hilmi
M. Felix Faure
Wilhelm 11
Khedive
President
France
Prussia
Wilhelm II
Otto
King
Saxony
Wurtemberg
Albert
Wilhelm 11
Frederick I
King
King
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Prince
Baden
Hesse
Lippe
Lud wig
Waldemar
Anhalt
Duke
Franz III . .... .
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Duke
Duke
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Oldenburg
Saxe- Alien burg
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Wilhelm I
Peter I
Ernst
Alfria
Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe- Weimar
Reuss
Waldeck
George II
Karl Alexander
Heinrich XXII
Frederick
Duke...
Grand Duke
Prince
Great Britain and Ireland
Victoria
Queen
King..
J M. R. Barrios
Hawaii
Haiti
8. B. Dole
Hippolyte
P. Bonilla
President
President
India (British)
Italy
Victoria
Umberto I
Mutsu Hito
Empress
King
Mikado.
Khiva
Syed Mehomed Rahim....
Li-Hi
Khan
Korea
J. J. Cheeseman
Adolf
Ranavalona
Porflrio Diaz
Nicholas I
Mulai Abdul Aziz
President
Duke
Queen
President
Luxemburg
Madagascar
Mexico
Prince
Nepal.
M. Dhirag
Wilhelmina
S. Zelaya
Sovereign
Queen
Netherlands
Oman
Orange Free Stats
Seyyid Fersal
F. W. Reitz
Sultan
President
Gen. Egusquiza
Nasir-ed-DIn
Gen. Caceres
Carlos I
Carol I
President
Shah
President....
Persia
Peru
Portugal
King
King
Nicholas II
Salvador
Samoa
R. A. Gutierrez
Malietoa
President
King
Santo Domingo
Servia
U. Heureaux
Alexander I
Chulalongkorn I
President....
King
King
Siam
South African Republic
Spain
Sweden and Norway
President
Alfonso XIII
Oscar II
J. Zemp
Sidi An
King
King
President
Switzerland
Tunis ....
Bey
Turkey
Abdul Hamid II
Grover Cleveland
1. Borda
Gen. Crespo
Sultan
President
President
President
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFB'RAGE. 63
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.
PREVIOUS
RESIDENCE
j
REQUIRED.
g
Requirements as to
2
1
Excluded from
STATE.
Citizenship.
_i
2
I
01
-
Voting.
K
Is
=
1
3
I
M
a
0>
5:
i
1
I
w
1
Alabama
Citizens, or alien who has
iy.
im
iOd
iOd
Yes.
Yes.
If convicted of treason, em-
declared his intentions;
bezzlement of pu blic f u nds.
must exhibit poll-tax re-
malfeasance in office or
ceipt.
other penitentiary offenses,
diots or insane.
Arkansas
Like Alabama
if-
ini
jod
No-
Yes.
[diots, insane, convicts
until pardoned.
California
Citizens by nativity; nat-
iy.
X)d
Wd
Yes.
Yes.
Chinese, insane, embezzlers
uralized for 90 days or
of public moneys, convicts.
treaty of Quaretaro.
Colorado
Citizens, or alien who has
G in
.Kid
Wd
IOd
Yes.
Yes.
Persons under guardian-
declared his intention 4
ship, insane, idiots, prison-
months before offering to
ers.
vote; unlimited woman suf-
frage.
Connecticut..
Citi zens who can read
iy.
Jin
Yes.
Yes.
Convicted of felony or
other infamous crime.
Delaware
Citizens and pay ing co. tax;
iy.
1 in
15(1
No..
Yes.
Insane, idiots, felons, pau-
limited woman suffrage.
pers.
Florida
Citizens or alien who has
i y-
\ in
Yes.
No..
Persons not registered, in-
declared his intention and
sane or under guardian,
paid capitation tax 2 years;
felons, convicts.
women at school elections.
Georgia.
Citizens who have paid all
1 y.
'mi
(a)
No..
Persons convicted of crimes
taxes since 1877.
junishable by imprison-
ment, insane, delinquent
taxpayers.
! Idaho
Citizens; limited woman
(i 111
Kiel
Yes.
No..
Chinese, Indians, insane.
suffrage.
Felons, polygamists, biga-
mists, traitors, bribers.
Illinois
Citizens; women at school
Iy.
Kid
SOd
iOd
Yes.
Yes.
Convicts of penitentiary
elections.
iintil pardoned.
Indiana
Citizens, or alien who has
ti 111
10 d
SOd
No..
Yes.
Convicts and persons dis-
declared intention and re-
qualified by judgment of a
sided 1 year in U. S. and 6
court.
months in state; limited
woman suffrage.
Iowa
Citizens ;
i; MI
sod
(h)
Yes.
[diots, insane, convicts.
Kansas
Citizens; aliens who have
6m
:ii:i
Wd
V)'d
(b)
Yes.
[nsane, persons under guar-
declared intention; women
dianship, convicts, bribers,
vote at municipal and
defrauders of the govern-
school elections.
ment and persons who have
aorne arms against the U.S.
Kentucky
Citizens; limited woman
iy.
; 111
50 d
iOd
(0
No..
Treason, felony, bribery,
suffrage.
diots, insane.
Louisiana
Citizens, or aliens who have
ly.
i in
Wd
!0d
Yes.
No..
[diots, insane, all crimes
declared intention.
punishable by imprisonm't.
jmbezzling public funds.
Maine
Citizens
:> in
Jm
8m
Sm
Yes.
Yes.
Paupers, persons ' under
guardianship, Indians not
;axed, persons who cannot
ead and write.
Maryland
Citizens
iy.
6m
Yes.
Yes.
Persons convicted of lar-
ceny or other infamous
crime, persons under guar-
dianship, insane, idiots.
Massachus'ts.
Citizens who can read and
iy.
im
tOd
Yes.
Yes.
Paupers (except U. S. sol-
write English; women al-
diers), persons under guar-
lowed to vote for school
dianship.
committees.
Michigan
Citizens: women vote at
school elections.
3 in
10 d
IOd
Yes.
Yes.
[ndians holding tribal rela-
tions, duelists and their
abettors.
Minnesota . . .
Citizens and aliens who
4m
10(1
10 d
IOd
(d)
Yes.
Treason, felony unless par-
have declared intention;
doned, insane, persons un-
civilized Indians; women
der guardianship, uncivil-
can vote at school elections
ized Indians.
Mississippi. . .
Citizens who can read or un-
2y.
ly.
iy-
iy.
Yes.
Yes.
tnsane, idiots, felons, de-
derstand the constitution.
linquent taxpayers.
(<i) Registration required in some counties, (b) In all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second
I and third class. (d) Required in cities of 1,2UO inhabitants or over.
64 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE. CONTINUED.
STATE.
Requirements as to
Citizenship.
PREVIOUS
RESIDENCE
REQUIRED.
Registration.
Ballot Reform.
Excluded from
Voting.
!
r /3
County.
w
S
1
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
N.Hampshire
New Jersey.. .
New York
K. Carolina . .
N. Dakota
Ohio
Citizens, or alien who has
declared his intention not
less than 1 nor more than 5
years before offering to
vote.
Citizens; women can vote
at school elections.
Citizens, or alien who has
declared his intention 30
days before election; lim-
ited woman suffrage.
Citizens
Citizens; women can vote
at school elections.
Citizens; limited woman
suffrage.
Citizens who have been
such for 10 days.
Citizens
Citizens or aliens who have
declared intention 1 year
and Indians who nave
severed tribal relations;
limited woman suffrage.
Citizens
Citizens, or aliens who have
declared intention 1 year
before election; limited
woman suffrage.
Citizens at least 1 month,
and if 22 years old must
have paid tax within 2 yrs.
Citizens
ly.
iy.
M ni
c> in
(> in
iy.
iy.
ly.
iy.
iy.
6m
iy.
*y
50 d
iOfl
40 rt
iOcl
; in
"> in
4 m
!W(I
M 111
;:0d
!X)d
X)d
(a)
Yes.
(ft)
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
(0
(d)
No..
Yes.
(e)
Yes
(/)
(0)
(W
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes
Yes.
Yes
No..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
U. S. soldiers or sailors,
paupers, persons convicted
of felony or other infamous
crime or misdemeanor or
violating right of suffrage
unless pardoned; second
conviction disfranchises.
Indians, felons, idiots, in-
sane.
Lunatics, persons convicted
of treason or felony unless
pardoned, U. S. soldiers
ind sailors.
Insane, idiots, convicted of
treason or felony, un-
amnestied confederates
against the U. 8.
Paupers (except honorably
discharged soldiers), per-
sons excused from paying
;axes at their own request.
Paupers, insane, idiots and
persons convicted of crimes
which exclude them from
being witnesses unless par-
doned.
Sonyicted of bribery or any
infamous crime unless sen-
tenced to the reformatory
or pardoned, bettors on re-
sult of election, bribers for
votes and the bribed.
Idiots, lunatics, convicted
of felony or other infamous
crimes, U. S. soldiers and
sailors.
Felons, idiots, convicts un-
less pardoned, U. S. soldiers
and sailors.
Idiots, insane, U. S. soldiers
and sailors, felons unless
restored to citizenship.
Idiots, insane, convicted
felons, Chinese, U. S. sol-
diers and sailors.
Persons convicted of some
offense forfeiting right of
suffrage, non-taxpayers.
Paupers, lunatics, idiots,
conyicted of bribery or in-
f'mous crime until restor'd.
Paupers, insane,idiots,con-
victed of treason, dueling
or other infamous crime.
Persons under guardian,
idiots, insane, convicted of
treason or felony unless
pardoned.
Convicted of bribery or
other infamous crime, fail-
ure to pay poll tax.
Idiots, lunatics, paupers,
convicts, U. S. soldiers and
sailors.
ion
1()<1
; tu
10(1
IOd
)(!
30(1
JOd
!*)d
20d
30 d
Jin
im
IOd
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
S. Carolina. . .
S. Dakota ....
Tennessee,.. .
lim
MOd
Mm
Citizens
Citizens, or aliens who have
declared intention and
been 1 year in U. S.; lim-
ited woman suffrage.
Citizens
Citizens; limited woman
suffrage.
iy.
M m
ly.
iy.
MOd
HO (1
H m
;> m
(a) In cities of 100.000 population or over. (6) In all cities, (c) In cities of 3,000 population or
over, (d) In cities of not less than 9,000 inhabitants, (e) Non-taxpayers must register yearly be-
fore Dec. 31. (/) In towns having 1,000 voters and counties where registration has been adopted
by popular vote, (g) AH counties having 60,1100 inhabitants or over, (h) In cities of 10,000 or over.
HEALTH OF CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.-CONTINUED.
STATE.
Requirements as to
Citizenship.
PREVIOUS
RESIDENCE
REQUIRED.
Registration.
Hallot Reform.
Excluded from
Voting.
1
S3
County.
i
Precinct.
Vermont
Virginia
Washington..
W. Virginia. .
Wisconsin
Wyoming.
Citizens; women may vote
at school elections.
Citizens
Citizens; limited woman
suffrage.
Citizens
Citizens, or alien who has
declared intention; women
may vote on school mat-
ters only.
Citizens, male or female.. . .
IT.
IT.
IT-
IT-
IT.
IT.
iin
Im
d
60 d
8m
8m
iOd
30 d
30 ci
10 d
Yes.
Yes.
No.,
(a)
Yes.
Yes.
No..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Unpardoned convicts, de-
serters from U. S. service
during the war, ex-confed,
Idiots, lunatics, convicts
unless pardoned by the leg-
islature.
Indians not taxed.
Paupers, idiots, lunatics,
convicts, bribery, U. S. sol-
diers and sailors,
[nsane, under guardian,
convicts unless pardoned.
[diots, insane, felons, un-
able to read the state con-
stitution.
X) (I
(a) In cities of 3,000 population or over.
In a more or less limited form, relating to taxatipn and school matters, woman suffrage
exists in Arizona, California, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massa-
chusetts. Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska. New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Da-
kota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin.
HEALTH OF CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES.
Official figures showing the percentage of mortality for the year 1894.
A report showing the percentage of mortality in 200 cities of the United States for the year
1894 has been published under the auspices of the Surgeon-General of the Marine Hospital
service. The following figures show the number of deaths in each 1,000 of the estimated popu-
lation in the larger cities mentioned:
.. 9.63 Scranton, Pa 17.28
. .11.85 Sioux Falls, S. D 4.49
. .12.85 Springfield. Mass 15.73
Augusta, Ga 18.26 Council Bluffs, Iowa. .
Baltimore 19.11 Crawfordsville, Ind . . .
Boston 22.98 Danville, 111 ..
Bridgeport, Conn 15.44 Dayton, 13.24 Syracuse, N, Y 16.94
Brooklyn 20.1)3 East St. Louis, 111 11.12 Toledo, 8.05
Brownsville. Tex 44.33 Flint, Mich 13.72 Washington, D. C 19.89
Cambridge, Mass 19.28 Fort Smith, Ark 8.68 Wilmington, Del 16.58
Charleston, S. C 27.29 Fort Worth, Tex 9.59 Worcester, Mass 17.20
Chattanooga, Tenn 11.45 Fresno, Cal 13.00 Manitowoc, Wls 12.35
Chicago 14.93Greenville, Miss 17.43 Marinette, Wis 20.27
Cincinnati 18.29 Kalamazoo, Mich 12.61 Massillon, O 11.68
Cleveland 17.42Keokuk, Iowa 10.20 Middletown, 9.00
Columbus, O 13.09 Laredo, Tex 40.00 Muskegon, Mich 14.09
Dcdham, Mass 17.73 Ludington, Mich 12.40 Ogden, Utah 9.83
Detroit 14.30 Memphis, Tenn 23.06 Ottum wa, Iowa 12.11
Dubuque, Iowa 10,57 Milwaukee . 15.71 Pensacola, Fla 17.0(i
Evansville, Ind.... ...15.45Minneapolis.... ... 9.24 Racine, Wis 10.84
Grand Rapids, Mich 13.00 Newark, N.J 23.07 Saul tSte. Marie, Mich 10.29
Hartford, Conn 15.85 New Orleans... ... .24.88 Spokane, Wash 7.83
Jersey City. ... ... .24.19 New York city ... ... .21.38 Sterling. Ill 11.86
Knoxville, Tenn 1.(S Philadelphia 18.28 Stockton, Cal 10.82
Lowell, Mass 19.58 Portland, Me 20.12 Superior, Wis 5.90
Manchester. N. H 19.54 Reading, Pa 17.95 Tiffin, 12.71
Alameda, Cal ... 11.57 Richmond, Va ... .20.23 Urbana. O 10.12
Battle Creek, Mich 9.93 Rochester, N. Y 14.54 Warren, O 8.37
Belleville, 111 10.45 St. Louis 16.12 West Bay City, Mich 14.28
Bloomington, 111 13.40 Salt Lake City 8.10 Winona, Minn 12.31
Brunswick, Ga 19.2P San Diego, Cal 12.50 Youngstown, 14.34
Butte.Mont 14.73 San Francisco 18.84 Zanesville, 15.30
Columbus, Ind 9.52
In some of the southern cities the report shows the comparative death rates between white
persons and colored, as follows:
Augusta, white 11.36, colored 28.41; Charleston, S. C., white 16.58, colored 35.80; Knoxville,
Tenn., white 12.4, colored 29.63; New Orleans, white 21.91, colored 32.14.
Where the names of cities are not given in this list, it is because their health officials
have failed to respond to the requests of the Surgeon-General for the data upon which the
list is prepared.
66 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
The following table gives the capitals, governors, their salaries and terms of office and data
regarding the state legislatures:
STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
Capitals.
Governors.
Term
Yrs.
Sal-
aries.
Term
Expires.
Next Ses-
sion Leg-
islature.
Limit
of
Ses-
sion..
Montgomery...
Sitka
W. C. Oates. D
tJ. A. Sheakley, D...
2
4
$3,000
3,000
Nov. 1896
*Nov.I896
50 days
Alaska Territory.
Arizona Territory
Phoenix
tL. C. Hughes, >....
J. P. Clarke, D
J. H. Budd, D. ...
A. W. Mclntire, R . .
O. V. Coffin, R
W. T.Watson, D....
4
2
4
2
2
4
2,600
3,500
6,000
5,000
4,000
2,000
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1899
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1899
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Jan. 1897
Man. 1897
60 days
(JO days
Odays
90 days
None.
None.
Little Rock. . . .
Sacramento....
Denver
Hartford
Dover
Washington. . . .
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Tallahassee
Atlanta
Boise City
Springfield
Indianapolis...
Des Moines. ...
H. L. Mitchell, D....
W. Y. Atkinson, D...
W. J. McConnell, R.
J. P. Altgeld. D
C. Matthews, D
F.M.Drake, R
4
2
2
4
4
2
3.500
3,000
3,000
6.000
5,000
4.000
Jan. 1897
Nov. 1898
Dec. 1896
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1898
*Apr. 1897
*Nov. 1896
*Dec. 1896
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1898
60 days
50 days
60 days
None.
60 days
None.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Indian Territory..
Topeka ,
Frankfort
Baton Rouge..
E.N. Morrill,R
W. O.Bradley. R....
M. J. Foster, D
H. B. Cleaves, R
Lloyd Lowndes. R.. .
V. T. Greenhalge, R.
J.T.Rich. R
David M. Clough, R.
A. J . McLaurin, D.. . .
W.J. Stone. D
J. E. Rickards, R
S. A. Holcomb, Peo..
J. E. Jones, F. S . . .
C. A. Busiel, R
J. W. Griggs, R
tW. J. Thornton, D. .
L. P. Morton, R....
Elias Carr, D..
2
4
4
2
4
1
2
2
4
4
4
2
4
2
3
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
4
1
2
.2
2
2
4
2
4
4
4
2
4
3.000
5.000
4,000
2,000
4,500
8000
4.000
5,000
4,000
5.000
5,000
2,500
6 000
2,000
10,000
2,600
10,000
4.000
3.000
4,000
2,600
1.5UO
10,000
3,000
3.500
2.600
4.000
4,000
2.000
1.500
5,000
4,000
2,700
5,000
2,500
Jan. 1897
Sept.1900
May 1896
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1900
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1900
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1899
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1899
Apr. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1898
May 1897
Jan. 1899
Jan. 1899
May 1896
Dec. 1896
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1901
Oct. 1896
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1897
Mar. 1897
Jan. 1897
Jan. 1899
Man. 1897
*Dec. 1896
*May 1896
Man. 1897
Man. 1898
Jan. 1897
Man. 18H7
Man. 1897
Man. 1898
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Jan 1897
Man. 1897
Jan. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1898
Jan. 1897
Man. 1896
Man. 1897
Jan. 1897
Nov. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 189S
"Oct. 1898
'Dec. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Man. 1897
Jan. 1898
40davs
60 days
60 days
None.
90 days
None.
None.
90 days
None.
70 days
tiO days
lOOd'ys
40 days
None.
None.
60 days
None.
i!0 days
60 days
None.
60 days
40 days
None.
None.
None.
60 days
75 days
60 days
60 days
None.
90davs
60 days
45 days
None.
40 days
Maine
Annapolis
Boston
Lansing
St. Paul
Jackson
Jefferson City .
Helena
Lincoln
Carson City
Concord
Trenton
Santa Fe..
Albany
Raleigh
Bismarck
Columbus
Guthrie
Salem
Harrisburg
Newport and
Providence . .
Columbia
Pierre
Nashville
Austin
Salt Lake City.
Montpelier
Richmond
Olympia
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire..
New Jersey
New Mexico Ter-
ritory
New York
North Carolina. . .
North Dakota
Ohio
R. Allin, R
A. S. Bushnell.R....
tW. C. Renfrew, D.. .
W.P. Lord.R
D. H. Hastings, R...
C. W. Lippitt, R
J. G. Evans. D.,..
C. H.Sheldon, R
Peter Turney, D
C. A. Culberson, D...
H. M.Weils. R
U. A. Woodbury, R..
C. T. O'Ferrall. D. ...
J. H. McGraw, R....
Oklahoma Terri-
tory
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina...
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia . . .
Wisconsin ....
Charleston
Madison
Cheyenne
W. A. MacCorkle, D.
W. H. Upham. R
W. A. Richards, R...
Wyoming
*Biennial sessions. tAppointed by the president. Republican governors, 26; democratic
governors, 23; people's governor,!; free-silver governor, 1.
STATES AND TERRITORIES. 07
STATES AND TERRITORIES. CONTINUED.
The following table gives valuable historical data as to the states and territories, their circa,
population and electoral vote:
STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
Admitted to
the Union.
Popula-
lion,
1WO.
Area,
Sq.M.
Settled at
Date
By Whom.
He)),
in
Cony
Elec-
toral
Vote
Alabama
Alaska Ter
Arizona Ter
Dec. 14,1819..
tJuly27, 1868..
tFeb. 24, 1863..
June 15, 1836.
Sept. 9, 1850..
Aug. 1, 1876 . .
Jan. 9, 1788...
*Dec. 7. 1787. .
fJuly 16, 1790..
March 3. 1845.
Jan 2, 1788....
July3, 1890...
Dec. 3, 1818. .
Dec. 11, 1816. .
March 3, 1845.
(
1,513,017
31,795
59,620
1,128,179
1,208,130
412,198
746,258
168,493
230,392
391,422
1,837,353
84,385
3,826,351
2,1 '.12,404
1,911,896
52,250
577,390
113.020
53,850
158,360
103.925
4,990
2,050
70
58,680
59,475
84,800
56,650
36,350
56.025
31400
Mobile
1702
'1.526'
1685
1769
1850
1635
1627
9
....
6
7
2
4
1
11
...,
9
4
6
3
Ark'nsas Post
San Diego
Near Denver.
Windsor
Cape Henlo-
Spaniards.:..
French
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Spaniards
Puritans
Swedes
Dist. of Columbia
Florida
St. Augustine
Savannah
1565
1733
1842
Spaniards
English
2
11
1
22
13
11
4
13
3
24
15
13
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kaskaskia
Vincennes
Burlington...
1720
1730
1788
French
French
Kansas
Kentucky
Jan. 29, 1861. .
Feb. 4,1791...
Aprils, 1812..
March 3, 1820.
*April 28, 1788.
Feb. 6, 1788...
Jan. 26, 1837..
1,427,096
1,858,635
1,118,587
661,086
1,042,390
2,238,943
2,093,889
82,080
40,400
48,720
33,040
12,210
8,315
58,915
8
11
6
4
6
13
12
7
7
15
1
6
1
2
8
t 1
34
9
1
21
*i
30
2
7
2
10
13
1
2
10
2
10
1
10
13
8
6
8
15
14
9
9
17
3
8
8
4
10
36
11
3
23
....
32
4
9
4
12
15
3
4
12
4
6
12
3
Lexington....
Iberviue
Bristol
1765
1699
1624
1634
1620
1650
From Va
French
English
English
Puritans
French
St. Marys
Plymouth
Near Detroit.
Massachusetts . . .
May 11, 1858..
Dec. 10, 1817. .
March 2. 1821.
Feb. 22,1889..
March 1,1867.
Oct. 13, 1864...
1,301,826
1,289,600
2,679,181
132,159
1,058,910
45,761
376,530
1,444,933
153,593
5,997,853
1,617,917
182,719
3,672,316
61,834
313,767
5,258,014
345,506
1,151,149
328,808
1,767,518
2,235,523
207,905
332.422
1, 655,980
349,390
762,794
1,686.880
60,705
83,365
46.810
69.415
146,080
77,510
110.700
9,305
7,815
122,580
49,170
52.250
70.795
41,060
39,030
96.030
45,215
1,250
30.570
77.650
42.050
265,780
84,970
9.565
42,450
69,180
24,780
56,040
d7,8BO
St Peter's R.
Natchez
St. Louis
1805
1716
1764
1852
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
From S. C
French
Nevada
1850
New Hampshire-
New Jersey
New Mexico Ter..
June 21, 1788.
*Dec. 18, 1787..
ISept. 9, 1850. .
July 26, 1788..
May 23, 1785..
Feb. 22. ISS'.I..
Nov. 30, 1802.
tMay 2, 1830. . .
Feb. 14, 1859. .
Dec. 12, 1787..
May 29, 1790. .
May 23, 1788..
Feb. 22, 1889..
June 1. 1796. .
Dec. 29, 1845..
Jan. 4, 1896. . .
Feb. 18, 1791..
Dover and
Portsmouth
1623
HBO
Puritans
Swedes
Santa Fe
Manhattan Id
Albemarle
1537
1614
1650
Spaniards
Dutch
North Carolina...
North Dakota ....
Ohio
English
Marietta .
1788
Oklahoma Ter....
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina. . .
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Astoria
On the Dela-
'isio'
1682
1636
1670
Americans...
English
English
Huguenots . .
Providence...
Port Royal...
Ft. London...
Matagorda
Bay
1757
1686
'1764'
1607
1810
1774
1H70
1867
English
French
Ft. Dummer..
Jamestown...
Astoria
Wheeling
Green Bay . . .
English
English
English
French
Virginia ....
June 26. nss.
Feb. 22,1889..
Dec. 31. 1862..
March 3, 1847.
July 10, 1890..
Washington
West Virginia....
Wisconsin
"Ratified the constitution. tOrganized as territory. ^Delegate.
Total population, 62,979,fiOfi; total area. 3.li02,9M.
Historians do not all agree as to some of the dates in the above table. The dates given
are from the statistical abstract of the United States published by the government, and are
well supported in all disputed cases.
68 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC TOR 1896.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1850 TO 1890.
[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.]
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1850.
17
24
22
31
21)
40
32
12
42
3
8
10
19
11
25
27
(i
i
20
21
5
41
86
44
33
IS
If,
n
88
i
35
37
13
7
88
15
81
88
It
a
1,513,017
1.128,179
1,208,130
412,198
746,258
168,493
391,422
1,837,353
84,385
21192U04
1,911,896
1.427,096
1.85S.IS5
1,118.587
661,086
1.042,390
2,238,943
2,093,889
1,301,826
1.289. (iOO
2,679,184
132,159
1,058,910
45,761
376,530
1,444,933
5,91)7,853
1,617,947
182,719
3,672,316
313,767
5,258,014
345,506
1,151,149
328,808
1,767,518
2,235,523
332,422
1,655,980
349,390
762,794
1,686,880
S0.705
V
25
24
35
28
37
34
13
1,262,505
802,525
864,694
194,327
622,700
146,608
269,493
1,542,180
16
26
24
''
34
88
12
996,992
484,471
560,247
39,864
537,454
125,015
187,748
1,184,109
13
25
26
IS
81
11
964,201
435,450
379,994
34,277
460.147
112,216
140,424
1,057,286
12
88
88
80
n
9
771,623
209,897
92,597
'"370;792
91,532
87,445
906,185
Arkansas
Cal if ornia
Connecticut
Delaware
Idaho
Illinois
4
6
10
80
8
22
27
23
f
9
88
18
5
a077,871
1,978.301
1,624,615
996,096
1,648,690
939,946
648,936
934,943
1,783085
l.tV)6,937
780,773
1,131,597
2,168,380
4
8
11
88
8
21
23
20
13
28
18
5
2,539,891
l.tVSO,t7
1,194,020
364,399
1,321,011
726,915
626,915
780,894
1,457,351
1,184,059
439,706
827,922
1,721,295
4
t;
20
88
17
gg
1!)
7
16
30
14
8
1,711,951
1,350,428
674,913
107,206
1,155,684
708,002
628,279
587,049
1,231,066
749.113
172,023
791,305
1,182,012
11
7
27
851,470
988,416
192,214
Indiana
8
18
17
6
20
33
15
13
982,405
517,762
583,169
583,034
994,514
397,654
6,077
606,526
682,044
Maine
Mississippi
if!
31
19
1
15
452,402
62,266
346,991
1,131,116
5,082,871
.1,399,750
86
37
31
17
1
14
122,993
42,491
318,300
906,096
4.382,751)
1,071,361
86
88
21
21
1
12
28,841
6,857
326.073
672,035
3,880,735
992,622
22
r.)
1
10
317,976
489,555
3,097.39
869,039
New York
Ohio
3
88
2
33
21
3,198,062
174,768
4,282,891
276,531
995,577
3
86
3
32
22
2,665,260
90,923
3,521,951
217,353
705,606
3
34
2
IS
2,339,511
52,465
2,90(5,215
174,620
703,708
3
88
a
2S
14
1,980,329
13,294
2,311,786
147,545
668,507
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Tennessee
12
11
32
14
1,542,359
1,591,749
332,286
1,512,565
9
19
80
10
1,258,520
818,579
330,551
1,225,163
10
23
28
B
1,109,801
604,215
315,098
1,596,318
5
25
23
4
1,002,717
212,592
314,120
1,421,661
29
16
618,457
1,315,497
27
15
442,014
1,054,670
15
775,881
24
305,391
Wyoming
The States
61,908,906
49,371,340
38,155,505
31,218,021
23,067,262
4
59,620
6
8
1
8
40,440
135,177
177,624
32,610
9
8
1
7
9,658
14,181
131,700
14,999
6
2
4,837
75,080
District of Columbia
1
230,392
2
51,687
7
4
39,159
119,565
6
2
20,595
91,874
3
5
2
153,593
61,834
207,905
1
93,516
1
61,547
Utah ....
2
5
9
143,963
75,116
20,789
3
5
10
86,786
23,955
9,118
3
5
40,273
11,594
3
11,380
The Territories
713,344
784,443
402,866
225,300
..
124,614
On public ships in service of
the United States
The United States
62,622,250
50,155,783
38,558,371
31,443,321
23,191,876
24.8
30.08
22.65
35.11
35.83
NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population.
Population of Alaska and Indian Territory not yet reported.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 69
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1840.
[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.]
STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
1840.
1830.
1820.
1810.
1800.
1790.
13
88
590,756
97,574
US
37
309,527
30,388
U
i
127,901
14,255
California
Connecticut
M
n
9
309,978
78,085
54,477
691,392
1C,
24
2f>
10
297,675
76,748
34,730
516,823
14
38
275.148
72,749
9
19
261,942
72,674
8
17
251,002
64,273
8
16
237,964
59,096
Georgia
11
340,985
U
252,433
13
162,686
18
82,548
Illinois
14
1(1
a
476,183
685,866
43,112
20
B
157,445
343,031
24
18
55,162
147,178
38
31
12,282
24,520
88
5,641
Iowa
i
ID
u
15
8
779,828
352,411
501,793
470,019
737,699
212,267
(i
ID
12
11
8
38
687,917
215,739
399.455
447,040
610,408
31,639
(i
17
Q
10
7
M
564,135
152,923
298,269
407,350
523.159
8,765
7
18
14
8
6
24
406,511
76,556
228,705
380,546
472,040
4,762
9
220,955
14
73,677
Maine
14
7
6
151,719
341,548
422,845
11
1
4
96,540
319,728
378,787
Massachusetts
Michigan
17
16
375,65i
383,702
22
21
136,621
140,451
31
88
75,448
66,557
20
23
40,352
20,845
19
8,850
Missouri
Nevada
New Hampshire . .
New Jersey
a
18
1
7
284,574
373,306
2,428,921
753,419
18
14
1
5
269,328
320,823
1,918,603
737,987
15
a
i
4
244,022
277,426
1,372,111
638,829
16
12
3
4
214,460
245,562
959,049
555,500
n
10
8
' 4
183,858
211,149
589,051
478,103
10
9
6
8
141,885
184,139
340.120
393,751
New York . .
North Carolina...
North Dakota
Ohio
8
1,519,467
4
937,903
6
581,295
18
230,760
18
45,365
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina...
S< mth Dakota
3
24
11
1,724.033
108,830
594,398
3
n
e
1,348,233
97,199
581,185
8
80
8
1,047,507
83,015
502,741
3
17
6
810,091
76,931
415,115
8
it;
6
602,365
69,122
345,591
2
15
7
434,373
68,825
249,073
Tennessee
5
829,210
7
681,904
8
422,771
10
261,727
15
105,602
17
35,691
Texas
Vermont
&
4
291,948
1,239,797
17
8
280,652
1,211,405
Hi
2
235,966
1,065,116
15
i
217,895
974,600
13
1
154,465
880,200
13
1
85,425
747,610
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
89
30,945
Wyoming
The States
Alaska
17,019,641
12,820,868
9,600,783
7,215,858
5,294,390
*
Arizona
Dakota
Dist. of Columbia.
Idaho
1
43,712
1
39,834
1
33,039
i
24,023
1
14,093
Indian
Montana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Washington
H
Wyoming
The Territories
On public ships in
service of U.S...
43,712
39,834
33,039
24,023
14,093
6,100
5,318
United States.
Percent, of gain..
....| 17,069,453
12,866,020
9,633,822
7,239,881
5,308,483
3,929,214
33.52
32.51
33.06
36.38
35.10
NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population.
Population of Alaska and Indian Territory not yet reported.
70 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
MOVEMENT OF PRICES.
Relative prices in gold* by groups of articles, 1840-1891. From Senate report No. 1394, second
session Fifty-Second Congress.
YEAR.
GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES.
foot.
Cloths
and
Clothing.
Fuel
and
Lighting
Metah
and
Imple-
ments.
Lumber
and
Build'ng
Mate-
rials.
Drugs
and
Chem-
icals.
House-
furnish-
ing
Goods.
Miscella-
neous.
All
Articles.
1840. . . .
96.6
94.4
82. 9
79.3
81.6
87.3
94.6
94.7
83.5
79.0
85.5
90.6
88.7
101.2
105.9
111.8
110.4
117.5
94.6
98.8
100.0
95.8
107.7
91.7
106.6
100.1
124.1
121.8
118.6
120.1
126.8
152.9
122 2
115.2
118.0
110.0
109.1
113.3
105.5
97.6
107.6
110.9
118.8
118.8
108.9
98.7
99.5
104.2
109.4
111.9
104.6
103.9
110.7
113.4
100.9
99.9
105.0
97.1
95.3
97.6
87.5
82.2
91.3
94.7
88.7
98.6
97.4
94.7
100.0
106.0
98.0
101.1
100.0
94.9
121.1
132.0
167.7
138.4
161.7
133.7
10(5.0
108.8
114.9
120.4
131.1
121.5
114.8
106,8
95.3
95.9
91.9
91.1
104.5
99.9
98.7
94.8
88.9
84.8
85.1
84.7
4.7
83.6
82.4
81.1
395.8
208.9
202.0
187.5
119.7
239.6
143.8
110.7
106.1
100.0
102.6
97.3
93.5
101.6
106.8
121.1
126.4
113.3
111.4
98.8
100.0
103.5
94.8
73.8
115.9
110.0
200.2
115.8
157.9
152.5
162.0
130.2
i:i6.8
119.4
134.3
139.1
128.2
101.7
91.7
95.3
100.2
113.7
110.1
114.2
102.4
89.6
86.2
88.6
91.9
95.3
92.5
91.0
123.5
123.7
118.7
114.7
133.3
110.8
116.9
120.6
119.7
124.9
114.8
119.2
117.7
122.8
125.6
117.8
115.3
110.4
101.3
100.1
100.0
102.5
114.3
96.5
115.6
88.5
122.1
119.8
108.7
104.2
105.4
110.4
117.3
115.2
103.7
104.4
9ti.l
91.2
90.8
88.4
96.3
91.1
91.2
87.5
81.0
77.4
75.8
74.9
74.9
72.9
73.2
74.9
110.0
111.8
108.8
105.4
103.0
106.7
106.2
108.2
105.3
97.6
102.2
97.2
100.4
103.2
114.1
103.4
102.8
105.0
103.8
98.7
100.0
108.9
145.6
122.1
142.3
84.2
133.4
132.8
125.8
122.3
122.3
130.8
153.0
152.5
139.0
127.7
121.7
118.5
115.2
115.1
130.9
131.3
137.5
134.3
129.5
126.6
128.5
126.5
124.8
124.0
123.7
122.3
145.8
141.3
131.6
121.4
119.7
121.0
123.9
112.5
113.0
111.0
123.6
125.8
111.8
107.0
110.7
129.2
135.5
120.8
116.0
104.2
100.0
101.3
113.6
101.0
109.5
125.6
104.3
156.9
128.4
118.7
123.3
1.25.9
122.8
125.6
131.8
128.2
108.0
115.2
112.6
110.9
113.1
110.4
107.6
98.1
95.7
86.9
&3.9
83.6
-86.0
88.8
87.9
86.3
116.4
116.4
116.4
100.3
102.3
102.3
111.0
120.3
121.7
120.5
125.6
120.0
111.9
118.7
121.2
121.2
115.5
116.8
108.7
103.2
100.0
96.8
87.3
84.8
105.9
83.8
132.3
118.2
97.4
89.0
100.2
116.1
112.9
96.8
98.3
84.4
77.3
74.4
73.3
68.6
85.2
77.6
78.1
77.5
76.3
70.1
68.4
66.4
66.9
70.0
69.5
70.1
147.1
147.1
170.6
123.5
129.6
114.8
111.0
121.7
125.6
109.8
107.7
102.7
100.5
109.2
108.4
115.2
121.6
110.0
97.1
100.8
100.0
100.7
101.2
89.0
99.3
93.8
122.1
119.9
118.5
119.7
122.6
134.4
121.6
117.5
116.5
109.2
101.2
111.3
110.2
102.1
109.8
108.8
114.6
117.3
111.9
97.5
91.3
88.6
89.3
88.8
89.7
95.1
116.8
115.8
107.8
101.5
101.9
102.8
106.4
106.5
101.4
98.7
102.3
105.9
102.7
109.1
212.9
113.1
113.2
112.5
101.8
100.2
100.0
100.6
114.9
102.4
122.5
100.3
136.3
127.9
115.9
113.2
117 3
122.9
127.2
122.0
119.4
113.4
104.8
104.4
99.9
96.6
108.9
105.7
MS.5
106.0
99.4
93.0
91.9
92.6
94.2
94.2
92.3
92.2
1H41
1842
1843
1844
1845 .
1810
1847. . . .
1848. . .
1849
1850
1851
1852. . . .
1853
1854
1855. . . .
1S5H
1857. . .
1858
1859
I860 . .
1801
1802
1863
1864
1865....
1806
1807
1868
1869
1870....
1871 .
1872
1873
1874
1875. . . .
1876
18n. .
1878
1879
1880. . . .
1S81
1882
1883.
1884
1885. . . .
1886
1887
18H8
1889
isno
1891
*In converting currency prices into gold we have used the value of $100 gold in currencv as
given for January of each year in the American Almanac for 1878, as follows: 1862, $1(12.5: 1863,
i*li:>.l: tv,i..*i.-,.-..:>: isr,;,. S >K;.;>; isor,. *] l.l; Is.;; . *l:;j.O; His. *|:;s..-, : IStV.i. i?l:i5.0; 1870. $121.3; 1871, $110.7;
1872, $109.1; 1873, $112.7; 1874. $111.4; 1875, $112.5; 1876, $112.8; 1877, $106.2, and 1878, $101.4.
THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
71
THE MONROE DOCTRINE-ITS ORIGIN AND MEANING.
[By Prof. John Bassett Moore of Columbia College, New York.]
The great diversity of view which has char-
acterized discussions of the Monroe doctrine
may be ascribed to several causes, amon
which are the different mental attitudes
Ilg
. of
those who have discussed it, a neglect to con-
sider the circumstances in which it originated,
and a divergence of opinion or of assumption
as to the precise passages in which it is to be
found. In order that nothing essential to an
understanding of the subject may be lacking,
I will quote all the passages In President Mon-
roe's message that have been cited as con-
taining the expression of his doctrine:
I.
"At the proposal of the Russian imperial gov-
ernment, made through the minister of the
emperor residing here, a full power and in-
structions have been transmitted to the min-
ister of the United States at St. Petersburg, to
arrange by amicable negotiation the respec-
tive rights and interests of the two nations on
the northwest coast of this continent. A
similar proposal has been made by his im-
perial majesty to the government of Great
Britain, which has likewise been acceded to.
* * In the discussions to which this interest
has given rise, and in the arrangements by
which they may terminate, the occasion has
been judged proper for asserting as a princi-
ple in which the rights and interests of the
United States are involved, that the American
continents, by the free and independent con-
dition which they have assumed and main-
tain, are henceforth not to be considered as
subjects for future colonization by any Euro-
pean powers." Paragraph?, Message of Dec.
2, 1823.
II.
"In the wars of the European powers in mat-
ters relating to themselves we have never
taken any part, nor does it comport with our
policy to do so. It is only when our rights are
invaded or seriously menaced that we resent
injuries or make preparation for our defense.
With the movements in this hemisphere we
are, of necessity, more immediately connected,
and by causes which must be obvious to all
enlightened and impartial observers. The
political system of the allied powers Is essen-
tially different in this respect from that of
America. This difference proceeds from that
which exists in their respective governments.
And to the defense of our own, wnich has been
achieved by the loss of so much blood and
treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their
most enlightened citizens, and under which
we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this
whole nation is devoted. We owe it, there-
fore, to candor and to the amicable relations
existing between the United States and those
powers, to declare that we should consider
any attempt on their part to extend their sys-
tem to any portion of this hemisphere as dan-
gerous to our peace and safety. With the ex-
isting colonies or dependencies of any Euro-
pean power we have not Interfered and shall
not interfere. But with the governments who
have declared their independence and main-
tained it, and whose independence we have,
on great consideration and on just principles,
acknowledged, we could not view any inter-
position lor the purpose of oppressing them,
or controlling in any other manner their des-
tiny, by any European power, in any other
light
by any
than a
,
s the manifestation of an un-
friendly disposition toward the United States.
* * Our policy in regard to Europe, which
was adopted at an early stage of the wars
which have so long agitated that quarter of
the globe, nevertheless remains the same.
which is, not to interfere in the Internal con-
cerns of any of its powers; to consider the
government de facto as the legitimate govern-
ment for us; to cultivate friendly relations
frank, firm and manly policy, meeting in all
instances the just claims of every power, sub-
mitting to injuries from none.
ry power
But in r
egard
.
to these continents, circumstances are emi-
nently and conspicuously different. It is im-
possible that the allied powers should extend
their political system to any portion of either
continent without endangering our peace and
happiness; nor can any one believe that our
southern brethren, if left to themselves,
would adopt it of their own accord. It is
equally impossible, therefore, that we should
behold such interposition, in any form, with
indifference." Paragraphs 48 and 49, Message
of Dec. 2 1823.
It will be observed that the two passages
above quoted, which are sometimes printed
together among other places, in Wharton's
"International Law Digest" as if they formed
one continuous passage and were intended to
convey one idea, are widely separated in Pres-
ident Monroe's message. In reality, they re-
late to two distinct subjects". I will discuss
them in their order.
MEANING OP PASSAGE I.
This passage has by more than one writer
been said to mean: "No more European colo-
nies on these continents." In a proper sense
this interpretation is correct. But it is not
correct If it is intended to ascribe to Presi-
dent Monroe the declaration that the United
States would resist any acquisition whatso-
ever of territory on either of the American
continents by a European power. That ques-
tion was not before him. The history of the
passage shows that it related solely to the
question of colonization or original settle-
ment; that It did not refer to the acquisition
of territory by gift, purchase or other form
of voluntary transfer, or even by conquest;
government to any course of action in respect
of any territory but that which it claimed as
its own.
In 1821 the emperor of Russia issued a ukase
by which he assumed as owner of the shore
to exclude foreigners from carrying on com-
merce and from navigatingand fishing within
100 Italian miles of the northwest coast of
America from Bering straits down to the 51st
parallel of north latitude. As this assertion
of title embraced territory which was claimed
by the United States as well as by Great Brit-
ain, both those governments protested against
it. Inconsequence the Russian government
proposed to adjust the matter by amicable
negotiation at St. Petersburg; and instruc-
tions to that end were prepared for Mr. Mid-
dleton, then our minister to Russia, in the
summer of 1823. John Quincy Adams was then
secretary of state. At a meeting of the cabi-
net on June 28 the subject of Mr. Middleton's
instructions was discussed, and Mr. Adams
expressed the opinion that the claim of the
Russians could not be admitted, because they
appeared to have no "settlement" upon the
territory in dispute. On July 17 he informed
Baron Tuyl, the Russian minister, at a con-
ference at the department of state, "that we
Russia to any territorial establishment on this
continent, and that we should assume dis-
tinctly the principle that the American con-
tinents are no longer subjects for any new
European colonial establishments." When
72
the principle was announced in the message
of Dec. 2, President Monroe spoke of "future
colonization."
Now. what was meant by the term "coloni-
zation '? The answer is. simply what was
meant by the terms "settlement" and "colo-
nial establishments" previously employed by
Mr. Adams. The word "colonization" has a
definite meaning. It signifies the settlement
by emigrants of a region not under the con-
trol of any civilized power, unless that of the
parent country. Indeed, Mr. Adams in his in-
structions to Mr. Middleton clearly expressed
himself in that sense. "Occupied," he says,
"by civilized nations, they [the American con-
tinents] will be accessible to Europeans and
each other on that footing alone." It was in
this sense that Mr. Adams and President Mon-
roe used the term colonization. They used it
to describe a method of acquiring title to un-
occupied territory. They denied the existence
of Russian settlements in the territory in dis-
pute, and, claiming the territory as our own,
they necessarily denied the right of Russia or
any other European power to colonize it.
While the announcement as to future col-
onization was made in general terms, appli-
cable to the whole of the American continents,
it related, in the message of President Mon-
roe, solely to our territorial claims on the
northwest coast. It was put forth with a view
to protect those claims against encroach
ment, and, as an argument invented for the
purpose, it did not become the subject of cabi-
net deliberation. This could not have been
the case if there had been an intention to an-
nounce a new policy which the United States
was to maintain in behalf of all the Americas.
But all doubt as to what was intended in
this regard has been precluded by Mr. Adams
himself, who was the author of the argument.
In his special message to congress of Dec. 26,
1825, touching the Panama congress, he sug-
gested as one of the subjects that might be
discussed, "an agreement among all the par-
ties represented at the meeting that each will
guard, by its own means, against the estab-
lishment of any European colony within its
borders. * * * This was," he said, "more
than two years since announced by my prede-
cessor to the W9rld as a principle resulting
from the emancipation of ooth tne American
continents." It may be said that if Mr.
Adams intended to do no more than announce
that territory already occupied by civilized
powers was not subject to future colonization,
he merely stated a truism. But in its applica-
tion to the American continents at that time
the announcement was far from being a tru-
ism. It was by no means generally admitted
that the American continents were then
wholly occupied by civilized nations. There
were vast regions of territory not actually
settled by the subjects of civilized powers.
Neither Russia nor Great Britain admitted
the claim put forth by Mr. Adams.
It is often said that the Monroe doctrine
would forbid the transfer by a European
power of a colony in America to another Eu-
ropean power This is another example of
the danger in indulging in loose interpreta-
tions. If Spain should transfer Cuba to Den-
mark, or if Great Britain should transfer Can-
ada and Jamaica to Greece, would we con-
sider either of these acts as "unfriendly" to
us, or as "dangerous to our peace and safety"?
THE POLK DOCTRINE.
In his annual message of Dec. 2, 1845, Presi-
dent Polk, referring to our dispute with Great
Britain as to the Oregon territory and to the
possible intervention of European powers in
consequence of our annexation of Texas and
possibly of other territory southward, sought
to give to President Monroe's announcement
on the subject of colonization the meaning
often erroneously conveyed by the expression
"no more European colonies on this conti-
nent." But, in so doing, he restricted its ap-
plication to North America, saying that "it
should be distinctly announced to the world
as our settled policy that no future European
colony or dominion shall, with our consent,
be planted or established on any part of the
North American continent." It is obvious
that President Polk in pronouncing against
the establishment of any "dominion" by a
European power a term which includes the
acquisition by voluntary transfer or by con-
quest of territory already occupied asserted
something quite different from Monroe's dec-
laration against "colonization." He asserted
something which should be called the Polk
doctrine rather than the Monroe doctrine;
and it was, perhaps, the consciousness of this
fact that led him to restrict the new doctrine,
which was to be maintained by us without
regard to other American powers, and not
merely by each of those powers "by its own
means." to the North American continent.
President Polk reasserted his doctrine in a
special message to congress Of April 29, 1848, in
relation to Yucatan. An Indian outbreak
having occurred in that country, the authori-
ties offered to transfer "the dominion and
sovereignty" to the United States, and at the
same time made a similar offer to Great Brit-
ain and Spain. President Polk recommended
the occupation of the territory by the United
States, and in so doing declared that "we
could not consent to a transferor this 'do-
minion and sovereignty' to either Spain,
Great Britain or any other European power."
This pronouncement went beyond the Monroe
doctrine in any of its parts. The Monroe doc-
trine, in all its parts, was based upon the right
of American states, whose independence we
had acknowledged, to dispose of themselves
as they saw fit. It was directed against the
interposition of European powers to control
their destiny against their will. Mr. Adams
expressed this idea in his diary thus: "Con-
sidering the South Americans as independent
nations, they themselves, and no otner na-
tion, had the right to dispose of their condi-
tion. We have no right to dispose of them,
either alone or in conjunction with other na-
tions. Neither have any other nations the
right of disposing of them without their con-
sent." The Polk doctrine, on the other hand,
would forbid the acquisition of dominion by
a European power in North America even by
voluntary transfer or cession. The project of
occupying Yucatan was abandoned before
any vote on the subject was reached in con-
gress, in consequence of the reception of news
that a treaty between the whites and the In-
dians had been concluded.
It is obvious that President Polk, in invok-
ing the Monroe doctrine in the sense in which
he sought to apply it, was endeavoring to
strengthen his position in respect to his policy
of annexation, to which many persons were
strenuously opposed. That he had an eye
chiefly to this feature of his administration is
shown by the fact that he abandoned in 184G
his claim to the Oregon territory and settled
the boundary at forty-nine instead of at the
line of "flfty-four-forty or fight," to which he
had previously pronounced our title to be un-
questionable.
MEANING OP PASSAGE II.
This passage, which was anxiously consid-
ered by President Monroe and his cabinet,
related to the threatened interference of a
combination of European powers in the
political affairs of the independent American
states. On Sept. 26, 1815, the emperors of Aus-
tria and Russia and the king of Prussia con-
cluded at Paris a treaty which was known as
the holy alliance. The object of this league
THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
73
was declared to be the administration of gov-
ernment, in matters both internal and exter-
nal, according to the precepts of justice,
charity and peace; and to this end the allied
monarchs, "looking upon themselves as dele-
gated by Providence" to rule over their re-
spective countries, engaged to "lend one
another, on every occasion and in every
place, assistance, aid and support." In the
course of time, as revolt against the arrange-
ments of the treaty of Vienna became more
widespread and more pronounced, the alli-
ance ceased to wear its originally benevolent
aspect and came more and more to assume
the form of a league for the protection of the
principle of legitimacy the principle of the
divine right of kings as opposed to the rights
of the people against the encroachments of
liberal ideas. Congresses were held at Alx-la-
Chapelle, Troppau and Laybach for the pur-
pose of maturing a programme to that end.
The league was joined by the king of France,
but England, whose prince regent had origi-
nally given it his informal adhesion, began to
grow hostile. In the circular issued at Trop-
pau, the allies associated "revolt and crime,"
and declared that the European powers had
"had an undoubted right to take a hostile at-
titude in regard to those states in which the
overthrow of the government might operate
as an example." In the circular issued at Layi
bach they denounced "as equally null, and
disallowed by the public law of Europe, any
pretended reform effected by revolt and open
force." Popular movements were forcibly
suppressed In Piedmont and Naples. In Octo-
ber, 18'i2, representatives of the allies assem-
bled at Verona, especially for the purpose of
concerting measures against the revolution-
ary government In Spain. As the result of
their deliberations they issued a circular in
which they announced their determination
"to repel the maxim of rebellion, in whatever
Rlace and under whatever form it might show
;self"; and they adjourned with the secret
understanding that France should intervene
to suppress the constitutional government in
Spain. Their ultimate object was more ex-
plicitly expressed in a secret treaty in which
they engaged mutually "to put an end to the
system of representative governments" in
Europe and to adopt measures to destroy
"the liberty of the press."
In April, 1823, France proceeded to execute
the plans of the allies by invading Spain for
the purpose of restoring the absolute mon-
arch, Ferdinand VII. Before the close of -the
ensuing summer such progress had been made
in the execution of that design that notice
was given to the British government that, as
soon as the military objects of the allies in
Spain were achieved, they would propose a
congress with a view to the termination of
the revolutionary governments in Spanish
America. At this time Lord Castlereagh, who
had always been favorably disposed toward
the alliance, had been succeeded in the conduct
of the foreign affairs of England by George
Canning, who reflected the popular sentiment
as to the policy of the allied powers. The inde-
pendence of the Spanish-American govern-
ments, which had now been acknowledged by
the United States, had not as yet been recog-
nized by Great Britain. But English mer-
chants, like those of the United States, had
developed a large trade with the Spanish-
American countries, a trade which their
restoration to a colonial condition, whether
under Spain or any of the allies, would, under
the commercial system then in vogue, have
cut off and destroyed.
As the Interests of the United States and of
England were thus to a great extent Identical,
Canning, toward the close of the summer of
1823, began to sound Mr. Rush, our minister at
London, as to the possibility of a joint decla-
ration by the two governments against the in-
tervention of the allies in Spanish America.
When Mr. Rush reported these conversations
to his government, President Monroe lost no
time in taking counsel upon them. Jefferson,
whose opinion was sought, replied: "Our
first and fundamental maxim should be never
to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe;
our second, never to suffer Europe to inter-
meddle with cis-Atlantic affairs, * * *
While the last [Europe] is laboring to become
the domicile of despotism, our endeavor
should surely be to make onr hemisphere
that of freedom. One nation [Great Britain],
most of all, could disturb us in this pursuit;
she now offers to lead, aid and accompany us
in it. By acceding to her proposition we de-
tach her from the bands, bring her mighty
weight into the scale of free government and
emancipate a continent at one stroke. * * *
Great Britain is the nation which can do us
the most harm of any one or all on earth, and
with her on our side we need not fear the
whole world. With her, then, we should most
sedulously cherish a cordial friendship, and
nothing would tend more to knit our affec-
tions than to be fighting once more side by
side in the same cause." Mr. Madison viewed
the suggestion of Canning with favor.
In the cabinet of Monroe, Mr. Calhoun in-
clined to invest Mr. Rush with power to join
England in a declaration, even if It should
pledge the United States not to take either
Cuba or Texas. He believed that the holy
alliance "had an ultimate eye to us; that
they would, if not resisted, subdue South
America. * * * Violent parties would arise
in this country, one for and one against them,
and we should have to fight upon our own
shores for our own institutions." The presi-
dent at first inclined to Calhoun's Idea of giv-
ing Mr. Rush discretionary powers, but this
was opposed by Mr. Adams, who maintained
that we could act with England only .on the
basis of the acknowledged independence of
the Spanish-American states. He thought
that we should let England make her own
declaration. He did not believe that the
holy alliance meant to establish monarchy
among us. But if they should subdue the
Spanish provinces, the ultimate result would,
said Mr. Adams, be to recolonize them, par-
titioned out among themselves. Russia might
take California, Peru and Chile; France might
take Mexico, and Great Britain, if she could
not resist the course of things, would take at
least the island of Cuba as her share of the
scramble. What, then, would be the situation
of the United States England holding Cuba,
and France Mexico? We should therefore
make a declaration for ourselves. The act of
the executive could not, after all, commit the
nation to a pledge of war, and congress would
be left free to act or not, as circumstances
might arise.
On Oct. 9, 1823. Canning, in an interview
with Prince de Polignac, the French ambas-
sador, declared that while Great Britain
would remain "neutral" in any war between
Spain and her colonies, the "junction" of any
foreign power with Spain against the colonies
would be viewed as constituting "entirely a
new question, upon which Great Britain must
take such decision as her interests required."
This declaration,, followed by that of Presi-
dent Monroe for the United States, shattered
the plans of the holy alliance with reference
to Spanish America. Against the two great
maritime powers of the world the allies were,
in respect to any transatlantic project, utterly
helpless.
The motive of England was chiefly commer-
cial. But the motive of the United States
was largely political. The holy alliance rep-
74
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR
resented a force avowedly and aggressively
hostile to the form of popular government of
which the United States furnished the most
shining example. It was for this reason that
President Monroe declared that any attempt
on their part to extend "their system" to any
portion of this hemisphere would be consid-
ered as "dangerous to our peace and safety."
The further declaration that we could not
view any interposition by any European
power in the affairs of the governments wnose
independence we had acknowledged, for the
purpose of oppressing them or controlling in
any other manner their destiny, in any other
light than as "the manifestation of an un-
friendly disposition toward the United
States," grew out of the same circumstances
as the preceding declaration, and may, as Mr.
Calhoun has said, be considered as an ap-
8endage to it. Those governments, said Mr.
alhoun, who spoke with peculiar authority
on the subject, "had just emerged from their
protracted revolutionary struggles. They had
hardly yet reached a point of solidity, and in
that tender stage the administration of Presi-
dent Monroe thought it proper not only to
make that general declaration in reference to
the holy alliance but to make a more specific
one against the interference of any European
power, in order to countenance these young
republics as far as we could with propriety."
Mr. Webster, in 1826, said that the "amount"
of President Monroe's declarations was "that
this government could not look with indiffer-
ence on any combination to assist Spain in
her war against the South American states;
that we could not but consider any such com-
bination as dangerous or unfriendly to us,
and that if it should be formed It would be
for the competent authorities of this govern-
ment to decide when the case arose what
course our duty and interest should require
us to pursue."
On Jan. 20, 1824, Mr. Clay offered In the house
of representatives a joint resolution, by
which it was declared that the people of the
United States "would not see, without serious
inquietude, any forcible intervention by the
allied powers of Europe in behalf of Spain,"
to reduce her colonies to subjection. Upon
this resolution no action was taken. Regard-
ing the danger as probably passed, congress
was unwilling to commit the government to
general declarations by which its freedom of
action might in the future be hampered. In-
deed, the nouseof representatives adopted a
resolution declaring that the United States
ought not to form any alliances with South
American republics or enter into any joint
declarations on the subject of President Mon-
roe's pronouncement, but that the people
should be "left free to act, in any crisis, in
such manner as their feelings of friendship
toward those repubHcs and as their own
honor and policy may at the time dictate."
In this view there is certainly great wisdom.
To attempt to anticipate particular cases
would be a futile experiment; while, if an
effort were made to employ terms so general
as to cover all future cases, contingencies
might arise in which the government would
find itself seriously embarrassed by its own
unadvised declarations.
Attempts have frequently been made to
trace back the declarations of President Mon-
roe to utterances of other statesmen made
long previously. It has even been said that
their germs are to be found in Washington's
proclamation of neutrality in the war between
England and France, and in his farewell
address. But, as all the territory of the
American continents, except that occupied by
the United States, belonged at that time to
European powers and was more or less in-
volved in their contests, it is difficult to under-
stand how the policy of non-intervention,
which Washington adopted and inculcated,
involved the policy wnich Monroe, thirty
years later, advocated, of intervention in be-
half of independent American states against
the aims of the holy alliance.
LATTER-DAY FALLACIES.
At the present time an idea seems to pre-
vail that the Monroe doctrine committed us
to a kind of protectorate over the independ-
ent states of this hemisphere, in consequence
of which we are required to espouse their
quarrels, though we cannot control their con-
duct. To state this theory is to refute it.
Like other independent nations, we are at
liberty to act with some regard to our own
interests. Our position is not that of an in-
voluntary military force, at the beck and call
of any American state that may stand in need
of it. When it became apparent that the
French sought to establish a monarchy In
Mexico, we did not hesitate to declare our
opposition; and in 1866 we notified the Aus-
trian government that, if it sent any troops
to the support of Maximilian, we could not
engage longer to remain neutral in the con-
test. This was a correct assertion of the
Monroe doctrine. But we have not assumed
to forbid European powers to settle their
quarrels with American states by the use of
force any more than we have hesitated to do
so ourselves. In 1861 we admitted the right
of France, Spain and Great Britain to pro-
ceed jointly by force against Mexico for the
satisfaction of claims. Indeed, Mr. Seward,
in an instruction to our minister to France of
June 21, 1862, said: "France has a right to
make war against Mexico, and to determine
for herself the cause. We have a right and
interest to insist that France shall not im-
prove the war she makes to raise up in Mexico
an anti-republican or anti-American govern-
ment, or to maintain such a government
there. France has disclaimed such designs,
and we, besides reposing faith in the assur-
ances given in a frank, honorable man-
ner, would, in any case, be bound to wait for,
and not anticipate, a violation of them." It
was not tlH they were subsequently violated
that Mr. Seward protested.
In 1842 and again in 1844 Great Britain block-
aded the port of San Juan de Nicaragua, In
1851 the same power laid an embargo on traf-
fic at the port of La Union, in Salvador,
and blockaded the whole coast of that coun-
try. In 1862 and 1863 the same power seized
Brazilian vessels in Brazilian waters in re-
prisal for the plundering of the bark Prince
of Wales on the Brazilian coast. In 1838
France blockaded the ports of Mexico as an
act of redress for unsatisfied demands. In
1845 France and Great Britain blockaded the
ports and coasts of Buenos Ayres for the pur-
pose of securing the independence of Uru-
fuay. From 1865 till some scarcely defined
ate Spain was at war with the republics on
the west coast of South America. The bom-
bardment of Valparaiso by a Spanish fleet was
a prominent incident of the conflict. In 1831
a United States man-of-war dispersed the
Buenos Ayrean colony on the Malvinas, or
Falkland islands, and released some of our
citizens who had been arrested there for kill-
ing seals on the coast. In 1846 we went to war
with Mexico. In 1854 the commander of one of
our men-of-war, having failed to obtain from
the town of Greytown an indemnity of $24,000
for the seizure and destruction of property,
and an apology for an affront to the American
minister by some of the inhabitants of the
place, bombardad it, and afterward, "in or-
der to inculcate a lesson never to be forgot-
ten," burned such buildings as were left
standing. In 1859 we sent an expedition to
THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
75
obtain redress from Paraguay. In 1890, while
the Pan-American conference was In session,
congress passed an act to authorize the presi-
dent to use force to collect a claim from Vene-
zuela. In 1892 we sent an ultimatum to Chile,
with which she had the wisdom to comply.
The suggestion has lately been made in va-
rious quarters that it is a violation of the
Monroe doctrine for a European power to em-
ploy force against an American republic for
the purpose of collecting a debt or satisfying
a pecuniary demand, whatever may have
been its origin. As has been seen, there is
nothing in President Monroe's declarations
even remotely touching this subject; and the
examples I have given of the employment of
force oy the united States as well as by other
powers for such objects show that the Ameri-
can republics have not heretofore been sup-
posed to enjoy so desirable an exemption.
But I think I can trace the idea to its origin.
In Wharton's "International Law Digest,"
under the section entitled "Monroe Doctrine,"
there is the following sentence: "The govern-
ment of the United States would regard with
frave anxiety an attempt on the part of
'ranee to force by hostile pressure the pay-
ment by Venezuela of her debt to French
citizens." The authorities cited for this state-
ment are two alleged manuscript instructions
of Mr. Elaine's to our minister to France, of
July 23 and Dec. 16, 1881. The whole matter is,
however, erroneously stated. The instruc-
tions are both published in the volume of
"Foreign Relations for 1881." They refer not
to "hostile pressure," but to a rumored design
on the part of France of "taking forcible pos-
session of some of the harbors and a portion
of the territory of Venezuela in compensation
for debts due to citizens of the French repub-
lic." They nowhere express any "grave anxi-
ety." They do not mention the Monroe doc-
trine. They merely argue that such a pro-
ceeding as that reported to be in con-
templation would be unjust to other
creditors of Venezuela, including the United
States, since It would deprive them of
a part of their security. And they express
the "solicitude" of the government of
the United States "for the higher object
of averting hostilities between two repub-
lics, for each of which it feels the most sin-
cere and enduring friendship." It is plain
that this latest development of the Monroe
doctrine, based upon the erroneous passage
in "Wharton's Digest," has no actual founda-;
tion whatever.
The recent proceedings of the British at
Corinto have in nowise involved either the
Monroe doctrine or the Polk doctrine. On
the 16th of August last the Nicaraguan com-
missioner at Blueflelds, Senor Madriz, invited
a number of persons, including two citizens
of the United States and twelve British sub-
jects, one of whom was the British pro-consul,
to call upon him. Each one of the persons so
invited laid aside his business and proceeded
to the commissioner's office. When they
arrived there they were ushered in, but not
into the presence of the commissioner. On
the contrary, they were arrested and forcibly
deported from the country. No information
as to the cause of their arrest was given them.
They were denied all opportunity to arrange
their business or to visit their families before
their forcible expulsion. The two American
citizens were, in the following October, per-
mitted to return to the country under circum-
stances tending to soothe their feelings.
Some of the British subjects were "pardoned"
and permitted to return toward the close of
December. Among those not "pardoned" was
the British pro-consul, Mr. Hatch. For the
violent treatment of her consular representa-
tive Great Britain exacted a fine of $75,000 as
punitive damages or "smart money." The
amount of the fine may seem somewhat
large. But it is not so large as to involve the
independence of the country, and its payment
would not entail so great a general loss, to say
nothing of individual suffering, as the bom-
bardment and destruction of a commercial
town. The question of the private losses of
her subjects Great Britain offered to leave to
arbitration.
It has been suggested that the seizure of the
custom house at Corinto, with a view to
obtain the amount of the fine by the collec-
tion of customs duties at that port, was a
violation of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, which
forbids the United States and Great Britain
to "occupy" any part of Central America.
But the occupation referred to in the treaty
is occupation as an exercise of dominion or
sovereignty, and not merely as an act of war.
The treaty says that neither party shall
"occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or
exercise any dominion" over Nicaragua or
any part of Central America, The saving
clause as to the assumption or exercise of
"dominion" colors the whole passage and
clearly discloses its meaning. The seizure of
a custom house and the collection of duties
by a foreign power, while it involves the
doing of things that properly belong to the
sovereign of the country, cannot, when done
as an act of war. and therefore adversely and
in avowed hostility to the sovereign, be con-
sidered as an assumption or exercise of
dominion or sovereignty. Every hostile force
exercises dominion, in the sense of actual
control, over the territory which it physically
holds. But it does not thereby acquire
dominion in the legal sense of absolute
ownership or sovereign control.
[The foregoing on the Monroe doctrine was
written for and published in the New York
Evening Post and is reprinted by permission.]
THE UNEXPLORED GLOBE.
Leaving out of account the very imper-
fectly known regions of central Asia and
the interior of the northern parts of both
North and South America, as well as the sim-
ilar areas of Africa and Australia, there is an
aggregate area of about 20,0011,000 of square
miles of the surface of the globe as yet quite
unexplored. This aggregate is made up as
follows:
Sq. miles.
Africa ...6,500,000
Australia 2.2r>O.OUO
North America 1.500.000
South America 500,000
Asia 250.100
Islands 500,000
Arctic regions 3,500.000
Antarctic regions 5,000,000
Total 20,000,000
When we add to this great total not merely
the enormous areas of only partially explored
regions, but also those that, though explored,
are not yet accurately surveyed, it will be
seen that the field for further geographical
exploration and research is abundantly wide;
for the globe cannot be said to be geographic-
ally conquered until all its physical features
are. accurately known and mapped, and all
its habitable lands, at least, have been cov-
ered with the network of a complete geodetic
triangulation.
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR
CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA.
Our record of the war In Asia in the Dally
News Almanac for 1895 closed Dec. 15, 1894. At
the end of the year 1894 the Japanese armies
were distributed as follows: The first army,
which, after the fall of Port Arthur, had
moved northward In the direction of Mouk-
den, finding the region wasted and deserted
except by roaming guerrilla bands which an-
noyed the troops greatly, abandoned the
expedition and joined the second army under
Gen. Oyama, which was in the vicinity of Kai-
Pheng. The third army, under Count Saigo,
was reported at Sha-ho, to the west of Chefoo.
The Chinese were totally discouraged and de-
sirous of peace. Toward the end of Decem-
ber it was officially announced from Washing-
ton that John W. Foster, who succeeded Mr.
Blaine as secretary of state in Mr. Harrison's
administration, had been appointed by the
Chinese government as legal adviser to two
peace plenipotentiaries who were to be sent to
Japan for the purpose of arranging a treaty of
peace between the two countries.
The new year (1895) opened with great activ-
ity on the part of the Japanese forces. The
capture of Kai-Pheng on the 10th of January
gave them complete mastery over the Liao-
Tung peninsula, at the extreme end of which
Port Arthur is situated. The capture of
Kai-Pheng was one of the most brilliant ma-
neuvers of the war and gave the Japanese the
control of the whole province of Shun-Klng.
During January and February four attempts
were made by the Chinese to retake Hai-
tcheng, but they were disastrous failures in
which the Chinese losses were heavy. Feb.
12 Ning-Hai-Chu was occupied, and a few days
later the Japanese array at Kai-Pheng defeat-
ed a Chinese army of 13,000 men, driving them
northward to Ying-Chow. March 1 the Japa-
nese captured Koushino. On the 4th of March
a still greater defeat for the Chinese followed
in the capture of Niu-Chwang on the Leano
river. In this battle the Chinese lost 1,880 In
killed and wounded and 500 prisoners. The
two armies of the Japanese having formed a
junction at Ying-Chow, they crossed the river
and in a desperate battle at Thien-Ohwang-
thai defeated the Chinese after a three hours'
engagement. At this battle the Chinese loss
was 2,000 men, 600 prisoners, and 18 large guns
and a large quantity of military stores. A few
days later the invaders took Niu-Chwang and
three months' supply of stores which were to
be sent to the northern Chinese army. Pekin,
the capital of China, was now exposed to the
victors.
On the 19th of January the Japanese fleet
began the movement against Wei-Hai-Wei
The movement against this place continued
until its capitulation, Feb. 13. when all the
Chinese ships, arms, forts, guns, ammunition
and other Chinese property fell into the hands
of the Japanese. No oattle or series of bat-
tles in the entire war equals the capture of
the Chinese stronghold at Wei-Hai-Wei. The
capture of the place is regarded by American
and British naval authorities as one of the
most remarkable events in the history of war.
Its capture made Japan mistress of the gulf
of Pe-Chi-Li and the .northern portion of the
Yellow sea, while it opened another route to
the Chinese capital. The Japanese pressed
their advantages, seized Fisher island, cap-
tured Makong and Yen-Tung.
These successes of their enemy made China
still more anxious for a cessation of hostili-
ties. Preliminary negotiations for peace were
made through Mr. Denby, United States min-
ister to China, and Mr. Dun. United States
minister to Japan. Through the instrumen-
tality of these diplomats Japan expressed her
willingness to reeive the envoy of China, pro-
vided he came with plenipotentiary powers
to make and ratify a treaty of peace. The
reason for Japan's exacting these terms was
that twice during the war China had made
overtures of peace to Japan, the first after
the fall of Port Arthur in November, 1894, and
the second in January. 1895. In neither in-
stance had the Chinese envoys the power to
carry out the terms of peace that might be
agreed upon. As a result of the failure of
these efforts to secure peace China resolved
to make overtures of peace in a manner ac-
ceptable to Japan and her leading statesmen.
Li Hung Chang was delegated to visit and
treat with Japan for peace. He was given
full power to negotiate upon four subjects
(1) the independence of Korea, (2) a money in-
demnity from China to Japan. (3) a cession of
Chinese territory, and (4) the negotiation of a
new treaty regarding commercial relations
and other matters rendered necessary by the
war. The Chinese ambassador arrived in
Japan on the 19th of March. The first pro-
posal of China was an armistice during the
negotiations, to which Japan assented upon
condition that the approaches to Pekin be
surrendered. To this China objected and it
appeared as if the negotiations were at an
end. Such would have been the case but for
an event which rather compelled Japan to
grant an armistice. On the 24th of March Li
Hung Chang was leaving the conference
chamber and proceeding to his hotel with his
attendants, when he was shot by a Japanese
named Koyama, the bullet entering his cheek
just below the eye. This assault, on the Chi-
nese envoy produced the most profound sym-
athy for him in Japan. The emperor sent
im his own physicians and expressed his re-
gret at the act. The imperial diet passed
resolutions expressing its regret at the crime.
The would-be assassin, who had lost two
brothers in the war, whose death he desired to
revenge, was arrested and sent to penal servi-
tude for life. A three weeks' armistice was
granted by Japan, to end AprilSO. During the
armistice the Japanese, while abstaining
from making war in China, pushed supplies of
all kinds forward for her armies, prepared re-
enforcements for marching to the front at a
moment's notice and hurried forward prepa-
rations for a great naval attack on Canton.
On the other hand, negotiations for peace
were hurried with equal celerity, with the
result that on the 17th of April the war was
ended by the formal signing of a treaty of
peace.
The following is the full text of the treaty:
1. China recognizes Korea as a perfectly in-
dependent nation.
2. China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and
full sovereignty the following territories, to-
gether with all fortifications, arsenals and
public property thereon:
(a) The southern portion of the province of
Feng-Tien within the following boundaries:
The line of demarkation begins at the mouth
of the River Yalu and ascends that stream to
the mouth of the River An-ping; thence the
line runs to Feng Huang: thence to Haicheng;
thence to Ying Kow, forming a line which de-
scribes the southern portion of the territory.
The places above named are included in the
ceded territory. When the line reaches the
River Liao at Ying Kow it follows the course of
that stream to its mouth, where it terminates.
The mid-channel of the River Liao shall be
taken as the line of demarkation.
This cession also includes all islands apper-
taining or belonging to the province of Feng-
Tien situated in the eastern portion of the bay
ot Liao-Tung and in the northern part of the
Yellow sea.
CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA.
77
(b) The island of Formosa, together with all
Islands appertaining or belonging to the &aid
Island of Formosa.
(c) The Pescadores group that is to say, all
islands lying between the 119th and 120th de-
grees of iongtitude east of Greenwich and the
23d and 24tli degrees of north latitude.
3. The alignments of the frontiers described
in the preceding article shall be subject to veri-
fication and demarcation on the spot by a joint
commission of delimitation consisting of two
or more Japanese and two or more Chinese
delegates, to be appointed immediately after
the exchange of the ratifications of this act.
In case the boundaries laid down in this act
are found to be defective in any point, either
on account of topography or in consideration
of good administration, it shall also be the
duty of the delimitation commission to rec-
tify the same.
The delimitation commission will enter
upon its duties as soon as possible, and will
bring its labors to a conclusion within the
period of one year after appointment.
The alignments laid down in this act shall,
however, be maintained until the rectifica-
tions of the delimitation commission, if any
are made, shall have received the approval of
the governments of Japan and China.
4. China agrees to pay to Japan as a war in-
demnity the sum of 200.000,000 kuping taels,
the said sum to be paid in eight installments.
The first installment of 50.11)0,000 taels to be
paid within six months and the second install-
ment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within twelve
months after the exchange of the ratifications
of this act. The remaining sum to be paid in
six equal annual installments, as follows: The
first of such equal annual installments to be
paid within two years; the second within
three years; the third within four years; the
fourth within five years; the fifth within six
years, and the sixth within seven years after
the exchange of the ratifications of this act.
Interest at the rate of 5 per centum per an-
num shall begin to run on all unpaid portions
of the said indemnity from the date the first
installment falls due.
China, however, shall have the right to pay
by anticipation at any time any or all of said
installments. In case the whole amount of
the said indemnity is paid within three years
after the exchange of the ratifications of the
present act, all interest shall be waived and
the interest for two years and a half or for any
less period, if then already paid, shall be in-
cluded as a part of the principal amount of the
indemnity.
5. The inhabitants of the territories ceded
to Japan who wish to take up their residence
outside the ceded districts shall be at liberty
to sell their real property and retire. For this
purpose a period of two years from the date
of the exchange of the ratifications of the
present act shall be granted. At the expira-
tion of that period those of the inhabitants
who shall not have left such territories shall,
at the option of Japan, be deemed to be Jap-
anese subjects. Each of the two governments
shall, immediately upon the exchange of the
ratifications of the present act, send one or
more commissioners to Formosa to effect a
final transfer of that province, and within the
space of two months after the exchange of
the ratifications of this act such transfer shall
be completed.
6. All treaties between Japan and China
having come to an end in consequence of war,
China engages, immediately upon the ex-
change of the ratifications of this act, to ap-
point plenipotentiaries to conclude, with the
Japanese plenipotentiaries, a treaty of com-
merce and navigation and a convention to
regulate frontier intercourse and trade. The
treaties, conventions and regulations now
subsisting between China and European
powers shall serve as a basis for the said
treaty and convention between Japan and
China. From the date of the exchange of the
ratifications of this act until the said treaty
and convention are brought into actual oper-
ation the Japanese government, its officials,
commerce, navigation, frontier intercourse
and trade, industries, ships and subjects
shall in every respect be accorded by China
most-favored-nation treatment.
China makes in addition the following con-
cessions, to take eflect six months after the
date of the present act:
1. The following cities, towns and ports, in
addition to those already opened, shall be
opened to the trade, residence, industries and
manufactures of Japanese subjects, under
the same conditions and with the same priv-
ileges and facilities as exist at the present
open cities, towns and ports of China:
1. Shashih, in the province of Hupeh.
2. Chung King, in the province of Szechuan.
3. Suchow, in the province of Kiang Su.
4. Hangchow, in the province of Chekiang.
The Japanese government shall have the
right to station consuls at any or all of the
above-named places.
2. Steam navigation for vessels under the
Japanese flag for the conveyance of passen-
gers and cargo shall be extended to the fol-
lowing places:
1. On the upper Yang-tse river, from Ichang
to Chung King.
2. On the Woosungriver and the canal, from
Shanghai to Suchow and Hangchow.
The rules and regulations which now gov-
ern the navigation of the inland waters of
China by foreign vessels shall, so far as
applicable, be enforced in respect of the
above-named routes, until new rules and
regulations are conjointly agreed to.
3. Japanese subjects purchasing goods or
produce in the interior of China or transport-
ing imported merchandise into the interior of
China shall have the right temporarily to rent
or hire warehouses for the storage of the arti-
cles so purchased or transported without the
payment of any taxes or exactions what-
ever.
4. Japanese subjects shall be free to engage
in all kinds of manufacturing industries in all
the open cities, towns and ports of China, and
shall be at liberty to import into China all
kinds of machinery, paying only the stipu-
lated import duties thereon.
5. All articles manufactured by Japanese sub-
jects in China shall in respect of inland transit
and internal taxes, duties, charges and ex-
actions of all kinds, and also in respect of
warehousing and storage facilities in the in-
terior of China, stand upon the same footing
and enjoy the same privileges and exemptions
as merchandise imported by Japanese sub-
jects into China.
6. In the event additional rules and regula-
tions are necessary In connection with these
concessions they shall be embodied in the
treaty of commerce and navigation provided
for by this article. .
7. Subject to the provisions of the next suc-
ceeding article, the evacuation of China by
the armies of Japan shall be completely
effected within three months after the ex-
change of the ratifications of the present act.
8. As a guaranty of the faithful perform-
ance of the stipulations of this act China con-
sents to the temporary occupation by the
military forces of Japan of Wei-Hai-Wei, in
the province of Shantung. -
Upon the payment of the first two install-
ments of the war indemnity herein stipulated
for and the exchange of the ratifications of
the treaty of commerce and navigation, the
said place shall be evacuated by the Japanese
78
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
forces, provided the Chinese government
consents to pledge, under suitable and suf-
ficient arrangements, the customs and revenue
of China as security for the payment of the
tinal installments of said indemnity. It is,
however, expressly understood that no such
evacuation shall take place until after the
exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of
commerce and navigation.
9. Immediately upon the exchange of the
latiflcations of this act all prisoners of war
then held shall be restored, and China under-
takes not to ill-treat or punish prisoners of
war so restored to her by Japan. China also
engages to at once release all Japanese sub-
jects accused of being military spies or charged
with any other military offenses. China fur-
ther engages not to punish in any manner,
nor allow to be punished, those Chinese sub-
jects who have in any manner been compro-
mised in their relations with the Japanese
army during the war.
30. All offensive military operations shall
cease upon the exchange of the ratifications
of tliis act.
11. The present act shall be ratified by their
majesties the emperor of Japan and the em-
peror of China, and the ratifications shall be
exchanged at Chefoo on the 8th day of the
5th month of the 28th year of Meiji, corre-
sponding to the 14th day of the 4th month of
the 21st year of Kuang Hsu.
In witness whereof the respective plenipo-
tentiaries have signed the same and have af-
fixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Shimonoseki in duplicate this 17th
day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji.
corresponding to the 23d day of the 3d month
of the 21st year of Kuang Hsu.
COUNT ITO HIROBUMT (L.S.),
Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of
Paullownia, Minister President of State,
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of Japan,
VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU (L. s.V,
Junii. First Class of the Imperial Order of the
Sacred Treasure. Minister of State for Foreign
Affairs, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the
Emperor of Japan.
Li HUNG CHANG (L. s.),
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent,
Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern
Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of
Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank.
Li CHING FONG (L. s.),
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of China. ox-Mtnister of the Diplomatic
Service, of the Second Official Rank.
SEPARATE ARTICLES.
1. The Japanese military forces which are,
under article 8 of the treaty of peace signed
this day, to temporarily occupy Wei-Hai-Wei,
shall not exceed one brigade, and from the
date of the exchange of the ratifications of
the said treaty of peace China shall pay
annually one-fourth of the amount of the ex-
penses of such temporary occupation; that is
to say, at the rate of 500,000 kuping taels per
annum.
2. The territory temporarily occupied at
Wei-Hai-Wei shall comprise tlie island of Liu
Kung and a belt of land five Japanese ri
wide, along the entire coast line of the bay of
Wei-Hai-Wei. No Chinese troops shall be
permitted to approach or occupy any places
within a zone five Japanese ri wide beyond
the boundaries of the occupied territory.
3. The civil administration of the occupied
territory shall remain in the hands of the
Chinese authorities. But such authorities
shall at all times be obliged to conform to the
orders which the commander of the Japanese
army of occupation may deem it necessary to
give in the interest of the health, mainte-
nance, safety, distribution or discipline of the
troops.
4. All military offenses committed within the
occupied territory shall be subject to the ju-
risdiction of the Japanese military authori-
ties.
5. The foregoing separate articles shall have
the same force, value and effect as if they
had been word for word inserted in the treaty
of peace signed this day.
In witness whereof the respective plenipo-
tentiaries have signed the same and have af-
fixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Shimonoseki. in duplicate, this 17th
day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji,
corresponding to the 23d day of the 3d month
of the 21st year of Kuang Hsu.
COUNT ITO HIROBUMT [r.. s.],
Junii, Grand Cross of Imperial Order of Paul-
lownia, Minister President of State, Pleni-
potentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of
Japan.
VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU [i,. s.l,
Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the
Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for For-
eign Affairs, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty
the Emperor of Japan.
Li HUNG CHANG [L. s.],
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent,
Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern
Ports of China. Viceroy of the Province of
Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank.
Li CHING FONG [L. s.].
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of China, ex-Minister of the Diplomatic
Service, of the Second Official Rank.
RATIFICATION.
Mutsu Hito, by the grace of heaven emperor
of Japan, and seated on the throne occupied
by the same dynastv from time immemorial.
To all to whom these presents shall come,
greeting:
WHEREAS, We have seen and examined
each and every clause of the treaty of peace
and separate articles which were signed and
sealed at Shimonoseki by the plenipoten-
tiaries of Japan and China on the 17th day of
the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji; and
whereas, we have found them satisfactory
and agreeable to us, we do therefore hereby
accept and ratify the said treaty and sepa-
rate articles.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set
our signature and caused the great seal of
the empire to be fixed.
Done at Hiroshima this 20th day of the 4th
month of the 28th year of Meiji, corresponding
to the 2,555th year from the coronation of the
Kmperor Jimmu.
[Seal of the empire.] [Imperial sign manual.]
Countersigned :
VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU,
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
We recently complied with the request of
hina, and in consequence appointed pleni-
atentiaries and caused them to confer with
THE ALASKAN BOUNDARY.
Since then the governments of their majes-
ties the emperors of Russia and Germany and
of the republic of France have united in a
recommendation to our government not to
permanently possess the peninsula of Feng-
Tien, our newly acquired territory, on the
ground that such permanent possession would
be detrimental to the lasting peace of the
orient.
Devoted as we unalterably are, and ever
have been, to the principles of peace, we were
constrained to take up arms against China
for no other reason than our desire to secure
for the orient an enduring peace.
Now, the friendly recommendation of the
three powers was equally prompted by the
same desire. Consulting, therefore, the best
interests of peace and animated by a desire
not to bring upon our people added Hardships
or to impede the progress of national destiny
by creating new complications and thereby
making the situation difficult and retarding
the restoration of peace, we do not hesitate to
accept such recommendation.
By concluding the treaty of peace China has
already shown her sincerity of regret forthe
violation of her engagements, and thereby the
justice of our cause has been proclaimed to
the world.
Under these circumstances we can find noth-
ing to impair the honor and dignity of our em-
pire if we now yield to the dictates of mag-
nanimity and. taking into consideration the
general situation, accept the advice of the
friendly powers.
Accordingly we have commanded our gov-
ernment and have caused them to reply to the
three powers in the above sense.
Regarding the arrangements by which we
will renounce the permanent possession of the
peninsula, we have specially commanded our
government that the necessary measures shall
be made the subject of future negotiations
and adjustment with the government of China.
Now the exchange of ratifications of the
treaty of peace has already been effected, the
friendly relations between the two empires
have been re-established and careful rela-
tions with all other powers are also strength-
ened.
We therefore command our subjects to re-
spect our will, to take into careful considera-
tion the general situation, to be circumspect
in all things, to avoid erroneous tendencies
and not to impair or thwart the high aspira-
tions of our empire.
The 10th day, the 5th month of the 28th year
of Meijl.
[L. S.] [Imperial sign manual.]
[Countersigned by all ministers of state.]
The treaty produced a commotion In Europe
when its terms were made public. The great
commercial interests of several European
powers were deemed to be threatened by its
ratification and Russia, France and Germany
protested against the terras of the settlement.
To France and Spain as well the growing
power of Japan in Asia was by no means
welcome. Germany was influenced more by
sympathy for China than by colonial or com-
mercial reasons, while Russia could not per-
mit Japan to secure so strong a foothold on
the shores of the Yellow sea, to which she was
constructing a transcontinental line of rail-
road to connect Siberia with St. Petersburg.
Russia, therefore, made a demand upon
Japan, in which France and Germany joined,
that the treaty be modified by re-ceding to
China Port Arthur and the whole of the Liao-
Tung peninsula. Notwithstanding the formal
ratification of the treaty on the 19th of May,
it was agreed that Japan should not make the
occupation of the peninsula permanent, but
insisted that the retrocession demanded
should be arranged by China and Japan be-
tween themselves. The retrocession was
made, and it was publicly but not officially re-
ported that Japan received $50.000.000 addi-
tional indemnity from China for surrendering
so valuable a part of its spoils of war. Thus
ended one 01 the greatest wars of modern
times. Its chief result has been that Japan
has been admitted to the list of great naval
and military powers, which position she has
fairly won. Forty years ago Japan was a
hermit nation, without trade and commerce,
civilization or education. Since then she has
become a naval power of the highest rank
and fought battles on the seas, with all the
appliances of modern naval warfare, that
were the admiration of the world so far as the
technique of modern naval warfare is con-
cerned. She massed great armies of thor-
oughly disciplined troops, supplied with the
most approved arms and officered by soldiers
whose SKill and ability won recognition from
the great military commanders of the world.
Japan is the miracle of modern history.
THE ALASKAN BOUNDARY.
Very unexpectedly the United States has
been forced into a dispute with Great Britain
over the location of the boundary line be-
tween Alaska and British Columbia. It has
occasioned a good deal of interest in the west,
and the value of the region or territory in-
volved is so great that it is probable the
claims of Canada, which are espoused by the
British government, will be resisted by our
government with more determination than
has usually characterized such controversies.
Owing to the importance of the points in issue,
and from the fact also that the dispute is to
be a long if not a hitter one, it will be of serv-
ice to give a history of the case as it now
stands.
On Feb. 28, 1825, Stratford Canning, British
plenipotentiary, and Count de Nesselrode and
Pierre de Poleticia, for Russia, signed a treaty
whereby what is now Alaska became the
property of Russia. Under this treaty the
boundary was specifically set forth, as is
shown in the two following sections from that
instrument:
SEC. 3. The line of demarkation between
the possessions of the high contracting
parties upon the coast of the continent and
the islands of America to the northwest
shall be drawn in the following manner:
Commencing with the southernmost ppint of
the island called Prince of Wales island,
which point lies in the parallel of 54 degrees
40 minutes north latitude, and between the
131st degree and the 133d degree of west
longitude, the same line shall ascend to the
north along the channel called Portland
channel as far as the point of the continent
where it strikes the 5(!th degree of north lati-
tude; from this last-mentioned point the line
of demarkation shall follow the summit of
the mountains situated parallel to the coast
as far as the point of intersection of the 141st
degree of west longitude (of the same
meridian), and finally from the said point of
intersection, the said meridian line of the
141st degree, in its prolongation as far as the
frozen ocean, shall form the limit between
the Russian and British possessions on the
continent of America to the northwest.
SEC. 4. That wherever the summit of the
mountains, which extend in a direction par-
allel to the coast, from the 56th degree of
north latitude to the point of intersection of
the 141st degree of west longitude, shall prove
to be at the distance of more than ten marine
leagues from the ocean, the limit of the
80
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
British possessions and the line of the coast
which is to belong to Russia, as above men-
tioned, shall be formed by a line parallel to
the windings of the coast, and which shall
never exceed the distance of ten marine
leagues therefrom.
In 1867 the United States purchased Alaska
in its entirety from Russia, paying for it
$7,200,000. England did not then raise the
question as to the boundary, but during all
the time that Russia was the possessor of
Alaska, and up to 1889, a term of fifty-nine
years forty-two years under Russian-British
ownership and seventeen years under United
States-British control the Alaskan boundary,
as above set forth, was never questioned, but
in all map* charts and British official mat-
ters this boundary line was shown and repre-
sented as American maps and official docu-
ments still hold it, and as it came to this gov-
ernment from Russia. Between 1825 and 1867
the Russians had officially occupied all the
territory west of Portland channel, and fol-
lowing the transfer of Alaska to the United
States in 1867 our government did the same
thing. From 1867 to 1887 United States troops
were stationed at Fort Tongass, at the mouth
of Portland channel, and customs officials
were stationed there as late as 1889. All this
was without any protest from either Great
Britain or Canada, the boundary line estab-
lished in 1825 being recognized by Great Brit-
ain, Canada and the United States. In 1S84
the Dominion of Canada on its maps and ter-
ritorial charts changed the Alaskan boundary
line to suit its own purpose, but the dominion
press was silent on this point till 1892. That
the British government recognized what the
Dominion of Canada makes claim to is proved
by the fact that at the instigation of her maj-
esty's government the United States on July
22, 1892, entertained Great Britain in a conven-
tion, resulting in the appointment of a com-
mission for the purpose as set forth in article
1 of that convention: "Providing for the de-
limitation of the existing boundary between
the United States and her majesty's posses-
sions in North America in respect to such por-
tions of said boundary line as may not in fact
have been, permanently marked in virtue of
treaties heretofore concluded."
Under this agreement the time allowed to
complete surveys and submit final reports
was Nov. 28, 1894, but by an agreement between
the two governments in March, 1894, the time
limit was extended to Dec. 31, 1895.
The disputed lands are in the southeastern
division of Alaska, in what is known as the
panhandle of that vast territory, which di-
vision alone comprises about 29,000 square
miles of territory. The claim set up by the
British government, which now conforms to
its maps, charts, etc., since 1884, in brief is
that instead of Portland channel, Behm
channel, the first inlet west of Portland chan-
nel, was meant; and, starting from this point,
the line of demarkation as now extended by
the British includes an area about 600 miles in
length and of varying width up to 150 miles,
including, as Mr. Begg, an English authority,
reports, "about 100 miles of seacoast, with its
harbors and the islands adjacent thereto."
In pursuance of the international agreement,
England and the United States have each
had and now have engineering parties in the
disputed territory.
It is the universal report of Americans fully
conversant with this section of Alaska, many
of whom have traversed it repeatedly, that
there is no defined range of mountains, as
there would appear to be by the treaty re-
ferred to, but that that particular section, ten
marine leagues from the windings of the
coast line, is a jumbled-up mountainous coun-
try of varying width.whereas, by photographic
views skillfully arranged, a continuous range
may be shown as actually existing in strict
continuity, though such representation would
Dr. Sheldon Jackson, United States general
agent of education in Alaska, in a recent in-
terview in answer to the question, "Is there
enough of value in. this disputed section to
make a fuss about?" is reported to have said:
"The funny part of it all is the cheek displayed
by England in attempting to take in territory
of which Russia and the United States have
for sixty years had free and undisputed pos-
session, and which our government now owns
by right of purchase. No nation on the face
of the earth that has self-respect would make
such a claim. The value of the strip that the
English government is now seeking to bring
within its territorial limits is almost inestima-
ble. Alaska last year in her fish canneries
alone did a business of fully $3.000,000, the
greater part of which business is in the dis-
puted Alaskan territory. One of the famous
gold mines of the world, valued in San Fran-
cisco at $13,000,000, is in this section. Besides
this there are many other gold and silver
properties there thx' are rapidly being de-
veloped, while the m Couched forests of this
section are greater t^an any in the United
States. Up to this ttme no timber has been
shipped out of Alaska, the law of the United
States preventing this, the forests being held
under government control to prevent syndi-
cates and speculators from getting in and
taking up this vast extent of fine timber, and
by this act we have held a forest reserve that
will be of incalculable value to the United
States in the future if she maintains her
ownership thereto. Besides this, there are
large deposits of copper, iron, coal and
marble, which the British now claim. The
population of Alaska is now 35.000, of which
number about two-thirds are in this south-
eastern or disputed division. The United
States government now has twenty-eight
schools in Alaska, and the religious denomi-
nations are widely and liberally represented,
and in no place in the world are they so
systematically divided as to location as in
Alaska, each different sect having located in
separate districts throughout the great ter-
ritory. The army of men who are working into
the interior or main part of Alaska come by
steamer to Chilkat, and thence follow a trail
a distance of forty miles to Forty-Mile creek,
where they build cheap rafts and float down
the Yukon river a distance of 600 miles to the
inland gold fields. If the English claims to
territory are made good, these headwaters
will become their possessions, and the harbors
now in American hands will fly the British
flag, and the great gateway to the interior of
Alaska will be controlled by this would-be
usurper."
Miner W. Bruce, the well-known Alaskan
explorer, in discussing the claims Great
Britain is making, is reported to have said:
"The Canadians have always proceeded very
cautiously and secretly in this matter. Al-
though the Canadian maps have changed
the Alaskan boundary according to Canadian
ideas, still the press of the country has been
singularly silent, which means no good for
America or Americans. It has been said that
Alaska was not very valuable, anyway, but
why, then, should Canada be so anxious to
secure it? Why should surveying parties be
sent out at great expense in the dead of
winter? The country which England is
endeavoring to secure is the key to the gold
mines of the Yukon and the interior, and for
that reason is immensely valuable. Even
the people at Washington city are supremely
ignorant of the value of the resources of
Alaska. A well-known American diplomat at
ALIEN LAND-OWNING.
81
ost. Te act is tat Aasa as prouce
ore than $08,000,000 since her purchase by the
United Stated in the fishing and seal indus-
tries, not including the output of her mines.
The commerce and trade of the country have
also been much greater than the casual ob-
server could possibly conceive of."
The acquisition of the coal fields of Alaska
by England is of far more Importance than
may be appreciated by our government. To
make this matter plainer, it is well to call at-
tention to the fact that the only coal supply
station now open to the United States on the
Pacific coast is on Puget sound. The Alaskan
coal deposits have been proved to be very
extensive, although not yet being opened up
to the commercial world. England now,
through the Dominion of Canada, has vast
coal fields in British Columbia. The only
ocean inlet to Puget sound is the strait of San
Juan de Fuca, washing the shores of United
States territory on the south and the British
possessions on the north. It may be pertinent
in this connection to say that the English
government is now at work on strong fortifi-
cations on the shores of this strait, fortifica-
tions that will cost millions of dollars and will
not be exceeded for impregnability by any
fort on the eontinent. with these the strait
of San Juan de Fuca will be practically under
British control, and with the Alaskan coal
fields owned by England the United States
would not have a coaling station in the entire
Pacific waters. Besides this, England at all
times has a liberal fleet of warships at Esqui-
malt, Vancouver island, the point where the
great fort is now being constructed.
The revenues now derived by the British
from their Inland possessions bordering on
Alaska are of such extent that she is looking
with jealous eye upon the rich country, the
harbors, the lumber, the coal, the mineral
wealth, the fishing and seal industry, all with-
in the lands and waters now the property of
the United States, and for the continued own-
ership of which the Americans on the North
Pacific coast are exceedingly anxious that the
government at Washington shall resist the
claims of Great Britain with all its energy and
power.
ALIIK LAND-OWNING.
The evils resulting from the large holdings
of American real estate by alien landlords
have been severely felt by many of the new
and some of the older states of the union.
These foreign land-owners impede the devel-
opment of the states in which their holdings
are located. They refuse to sell their lands,
and prefer to establish a system of agencies
and bailiffs detrimental to the state and the
counties in which the lands are located.
Several state legislatures, notably in Illi-
nois, Kansas, and Nebraska, have made ef-
forts to deal with the question, but so far
with only indifferent success.
The government of the United States has
passed a law to restrict ownership of real es-
tate in the territories to American citizens,
and such law is still in force. The act of 1878
provided that "it shall be unlawful for any
person or persons not citizens of the United
States, or who have not lawfully declared
their intention to become such citizens, or for
any corporation not created by or under the
laws of the United States or of some state or
territory of the United States, to hereafter ac-
quire, hold or own real estate so hereafter
acquired, or any interest therein, in any of the
territories of the United States or in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, except such as may be ac-
quired by inheritance or In good faith in the
ordinary course of justice in the collection of
debts heretofore created." The second section
provides that no corporation of which more
than 20 per cent of the capital stock is held by
aliens shall acquire or hold real estate In the
territories. The third section regulates the
holding of lands by railway, turnpike and
canal companies, and the fourth provides that
"all property acquired, held or owned in viola-
tion of the provisions of this act shall be for-
feited to the United States."
In 1887 the state of Illinois passed a law to
restrict the right of aliens to acquire and hold
real property. The fact that Viscount Scully
practically owns the best parts of the counties
of Logan, Livingston and Tazewell, and is
conducting a system of tenantry offensive to
the people, was the cause of the law. The law
provides that:
"A non-resident alien, firm of aliens, or cor-
poration incorporated under the laws of any
foreign country, shall not be capable of ac-
quiring title to or taking or holding any land
or real estate in this state, by descent, devise,
purchase or otherwise, except that the heirs of
aliens who have heretofore acquired lands in
this state under the laws thereof, and the
heirs of aliens who may acquire land under
the provisions of this act, may take such lands
by devise or descent and hold the same for the
space of three years and no longer, if such
alien at the time of so acquiring such land is of
the age of twenty-one years, and if not twen-
ty-one years of age, then for the term of five
years from the time of so acquiring such
lands; and If, at the end of the time nereln
limited, such lands so acquired by such alien
heirs have not been sold to bona-flde purchas-
ers for value or such alien heirs have not be-
come actual residents of this state, the same
shall revert and escheat to the state of Illi-
nois the same as the lands of other aliens
under the provisions of this act." Some of the
other western states have similar laws.
All that has been done to limit alien land-
holding has been at the instance and through
the influence of the organized associations of
the tenantry on such estates in the several
states, and their movements have always been
attended with the utmost secrecy. Such an
association exists in Illinois, Nebraska, Iowa
and Kansas to resist to the utmost the de-
mands of the English landlords. The organi-
zation is a secret one and is the first really
agrarian agitation in American history. The
association has already influenced legislation
in a marked degree.
This development in the situation more
than anything else has caused the English
land-owners to form an alliance among them-
selves. The movement was first proposed in
the Interest of the Scully estate in Illinois.
It is intended to have an agent in attendance
at the meetings of the legislatures of all the
states involved this winter. The matter was
brought to the attention of the British am-
bassador to the United States in the fall of
1894, when he visited the London foreign
office, but what is to be done in the matter no
one cares to say. The English owners feel
that they have not been fairly dealt with by
their American tenantry, and it is likely that
this year (1896) will witness a crisis in the
entire western agrarian movement. The
duke of Beaufort and the duke of Suther-
land both assert that the meetings of the
land-owners now periodically held at the
Bank of England are meant entirely to effect
economy in the collection of rents. At
present each land-owner has his set of agents,
82
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR
who work Independently. By consolidating
the collection systems the landlords hope to
expedite business. The tenants profess to be
alarmed by this new development. They see
in it more rack-renting, and committees have
been detailed to obtain legal redress if pos-
sible. At any event there is in prospect for
the first time an open war between the
British land-owners and their tenants in
America.
It is impossible to give a strictly accurate
list of the foreign land-owners and their real-
estate holdings in this country, but the fol-
lowing comprises the names of the largest
syndicates and individual holders, with the
acreage under their control and their loca-
tion. While not complete, it shows the extent
of the evil against wnich so much complaint
is made in many quarters:
The Texas Land Union (Syndicate No. 3)
owns 3,000,000 acres. Interested peers: Baron-
ess Burdett-Coutts, Earl Cadogan, H. C. Fitz-
roy Somerset (duke of Beaufort), William
Alexander Lochiel Stephenson Douglas-Ham-
ilton (duke of Beaudon), the duke of Rutland,
U. J. Kay-Shuttleworth and Ethel Cadogan
(maid in waiting to the queen). This syndicate
owns whole counties in Texas and tens of
thousands of persons pay it rentals.
Sir Edward Reid. 2,000.000 acres in Florida
only. This syndicate includes the present
duchess of Marlborough, Lady Randolph
Churchill and Lady Lister-Kaye.
Viscount Scully, 3.000,000 acres in central
Illinois. His lordship maintains an elaborate
system of bailiffs.
Syndicate No, 4, 1,800.000 acres in Mississippi.
It includes the marquis of Dalhousie, George
Henry Howard Cholmondeley (Viscount Chol-
mondeley), Georgiania (Viscountess Cross),
the Hon. Lady Hamilton Gordon and the
Hon. Lady Biddulph.
Marquis of Tweedale, 1,750,000 acres. The
marquis is William Montagu Hay, notorious
in Scotland as the rack-rentlord.
Phillips, Marshall & Co., London, 1,300,000
acres. This firm has the whole peerage for
its clients.
The Anglo-American Syndicate, London,
750,000 acres. The funds of widowed peeresses
are largely Invested here. The lands are in
the south and west.
Bryan H. Evans, 700.000 acres in Mississippi.
Mr. Evans resides in London.
The duEe of Sutherland, 125.000 acres. The
duke is widely known as a rack-rent nobleman
of police court fame.
The British Land Company, 320,000 acres in
Kansas.
William Whalley, 310,000 acres. Mr. Whal-
ley is the squire of Peterboro, England.
The Missouri Land Company, 300,000 acres
in Missouri. It has headquarters at Edin-
burgh.
Robert Tennant, 230,000 acres. This is all
farming land. Mr. Tennant lives in London.
Dundee Land Company, 247 ,000 acres.
Lord Dunmore, 120,000 acres.
Benjamin Newgast Liverpool, 100,000 acres.
Lord Houghton. 60/000 acres in Florida.
Lord Dunraven. 60.000 acres in Colorado.
English Land Company, 50,000 acres in Cali-
fornia.
English Land Company, 50,000 acres in
Arkansas.
Alexander Grant, London, 35,000 acres in
Kansas.
Syndicate No. 6. 110,000 acres in Wisconsin.
This syndicate includes the earl of Verulam
and the earl of Lankeville.
M. Elfenhauser, Halifax, 600,000 acres in
West Virginia.
Syndicate No. 1. 50,000 acres in Florida. This
is a Scotch concern.
It is claimed that fully 20,000.000 acres of
American land are thus owned by great land-
owners in England and Scotland. This does
not include the Holland Syndicate, which
owns 5,000,000 acres of grazing land in western
states, nor the German Syndicate, owning
2,000,000 acres in various states.
THE TORREKS SYSTEM.
Registration and transfer of title to real estate.
Illinois Is the first state in the union to move
in the direction of adopting the so-called Tor-
rens system of registration and transfer of
the title to real estate. The system is by no
means a new one except on this continent. It
Prussia, Bavaria and other European states,
notably in Hamburg, where it has been used
for upward of 600 years. It has been in use
since 1858 in South Australia, since 1861 in
Queensland, since 1862 in Victoria and New
South Wales, since 1863 in Tasmania, since
1870 in New Zealand and British Columbia,
since 1874 in parts of England and in Western
Australia, since 1884 in Ontario (Canada) and
since 1885 in Manitoba,
tried system.
It is therefore no un-
Chicago invited Mr. Theodore Sheldon to ex-
plain the Torrens system, which invitation he
accepted. Soon after the State Bar Association
procured the adoption of a joint resolution by
the XXXVIlth general assembly authorizing
system and report to the governor. The gov-
ernor appointed as that commission James K.
Edsall. Theodore Sheldon and Willis G. Jack-
son. of Chicago. George W. Prince of Gales-
burg and Frank II. Jones of Springfield. The
death of Mr. Edsall made a vacancy which
was tilled by the appointment of H B. Hurd.
into effect was presented to the legislature in
1893. It passed the senate by a vote of 28 yeas
to 4 nays, but lacked 7 votes of a majority
in the house and failed. At the session of the
legislature in 1895 the bill was again pre
' ' "., 1ST
sented, passed and became a law July 1, 1895.
It does not, however, become operative until
it is submitted to a vote of the people of a
county and adopted by a majority of the
votes cast.
The great purpose of the Torrens system is
to free land titles of the expense of convey-
ance, the perils that have always attended
real-estate transactions and the expense of
investigating chains of title back through
former owners. Judge Hurd, one of the com-
missioners of the state appointed to investi-
gate the system, gives the following as to its
details: "The first step Is to provide an
officer, or set of officers, experts who can
make an examination of title once for all
down to a given time that is, down to the
time of the application to have the title reg-
istered; and the title being found to be in the
applicant, to certify that fact, entering the
certificate in a book called the register, and
delivering a copy to the owner, which certifi-
cate is conclusive as to ownership.
"This is called registering the title, and is
quite a different thing from recording the in-
struments of conveyance or keeping an ab-
The report of the commission was made in I stract of them. The title being thus registered,
December. 1S92 The commission favored the the next thing is to provide for subsequent
adoption of the system and a bill carrying it I dealings so that at each transfer of the title
IMPORTANT LEGISLATION.
all questions of form and substance must be
conclusively settled so that the purchaser will
get just what he buys. If he buys a fee-simple
clear of all Incumbrances he will get a fee-
simple clear of all incumbrances; it he buys
subject to incumbrance or any less interest
than a fee it will appear upon the register and
in the certificate that will be delivered to him,
and there is no going back of the certificate.
It is a matter of no consequence to him who
owned the land before him, or how many
owners there may have been, or what nice
questions of law have been or might be raised
upon the various conveyances through which
it has come down to him; they have all been
settled and dropped into oblivion.
"All this is made practicable and compara-
tively easy by the simple manner in which the
register is kept. The first certificate is the
first thing that will appear in the register, this
being a new root of title, back of which it is
not necessary to go; ail that need be attended
to is the subsequent dealings. If the registered
owner mortgages it, the mortgage will be filed
in the office of the registrar and a memorial of
mortgage will be entered immediately under
the certificate of title. When the mortgage
is released the notation will be canceled. If
an execution or attachment is levied upon
the land the fact is certified to the registrar
and he enters at the same place a memorial
of the fact. When that is disposed of the
memorial is disposed of, and so on as to every-
thing that may affect the title up to the time
of the next transfer.
'When the owner wishes to transfer the land
he surrenders his certificate of title and it is
canceled. A new one is issued to the trans-
feree, which is registered upon a new page.
The dealings under the old certificate are
closed and thereafter will proceed under the
new. Bach-successive certificate constitutes
a new root of title. If the transfer is subject
to incumbrances or outstanding interests of
any kind the notation of them under the
former certificate will be brought forward by
entry under the new.
" When only a part of the land described in a
certificate of title is transferred a new certifi-
cate is issued to the transferee for what he
gets and another to the owner for the balance,
I have not attempted to go into exceptions,
as in case of frauds, etc., or into particulars
beyond sufficient to give an understanding of
the leading principles upon which the system
proceeds, which may be'summed up in a single
line: Clear up everything as you go along and
have no afterclaps. Short accounts and fre-
quent settlements avoid difficulties."
Sir Hobert Torrens, after whom the system
is named, because he more than any one else
has systematized the various modes of pro-
cedure in vogue in various countries into the
modern plan, says: "It is not necessary to ex-
amine abstracts of title these no longer ex-
ist they having been delivered up to the reg-
istrar, and that officer, when he grants a cer-
tificate of title, cancels all previous evidences
of title. Accordingly, an investor runs no
risk of blunder or any incompetency of the
conveyancer or examining solicitor. Every
transaction has Its complete security and
finality.
"In fine, the benefits which have attended
this measure, wherever adopted in its integ-
rity, may be summed up:
"1. It has substituted security for insecurity.
"2. It has reduced the cost of conveyancing
from pounds to shillings and the time occu-
pied from months to days.
"3. It has exchanged obscurity and verbiage
for brevity and clearness.
"4. It has so simplified ordinary dealings
that he who has mastered the 'three R's' can
transact his own conveyancing.
"5. It affords protection against fraud.
"6. It has restored to their just value many
estates, held under good holding titles, but
depreciated in consequence of some blur or
technical defect, and barred the recurrence of
any similar fault.
"7. It has largely diminished the number of
chancery suits by removing those conditions
that afford grounds for them."
In a British province where the Torrens sys-
tem has been in force for some time the regis-
trar-general sums up its benefits as follows:
"1. "The title to real property has been greatly
simplified without radical changes in the gen-
eral law.
"2. Stability of title, with safety to purchas-
ers and mortgagees, has been secured.
"3. The ownership of property, either In
town or country, is shown by the register at a
glance, and whether it is incumbered or not.
"4. It increases the salable value of prop-
erty.
"5. It enables both venders and purchasers to
accurately ascertain the expenses of carrying
out any sale or transfer.
"6. It protects trusts, estates and benefici-
aries.
"7. It prevents fraud and protects purchasers
and mortgagees from misrepresentations.
"8. It has secured the chief advantages of
the old system of recording of deeds (of which
notice is the most important principle) and
has operated so as to almost entirely dispense
with investigations of prior title."
The system has lately been considered by a
Humber of states New York, Massachusetts,
Maryland, Minnesota, Tennessee. California,
Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Wisconsin and
possibly some others.
IMPORTANT LEGISLATION.
The following is a synopsis of the last session of the LUId Congress to March 4, 1895, when
it expired by limit of law:
FOR RELIEF OF HOMESTEADERS.
WHKKEAS, During the summer and autumn
of 181(1 extensive forest fires prevailed in
northern Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michi-
gan, resulting in the death of many home-
steaders and their families, the destruction of
their property and effects, and of much of the
green timber growing upon them, which home-
steads are valuable chiefly for the timber
standing and growing on them; and,
WHEREAS, tinder existing law homestead-
ers are not allowed to cut or sell green or
burned timber, except for the purpose of
clearing and improving, and all burned timber
not cut within a short period will become
worthless and a loss to the settler and the
government; therefore.
Be it enacted 1>\I the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America in
Conr/ress assembled, That all such persons actu-
ally occupying homesteads in said states of
Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan at the
time of such fires, upon claims under the laws
of the United States, on lands of the United
States, whose property and buildings were de-
stroyed by such fires, and the heirs of all such
persons who perished by such fires, and all
persons who by reason of such fires and loss
of property were obliged to leave their home-
steads, are hereby granted two years' addi-
tional time in which to make final proof. And
temporary absence for any period within two
years from the date of this act shall be deemed
constructive possession and residence, but
84
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
shall not be deducted from the time required
to make final proof.
SEC. 2. That all persons whose property was
destroyed by such flres, and the heirs of all
Eersons who were actual occupants of the
omesteads at the time of the fire, and who
lost their lives in and by that flre, may, by
proving such actual occupancy at the date of
such flres, make proof showing compliance
with the law up to the date of the flre, and
shall make payment at the minimum price
under existing statues, in the same manner as
if such claimants were alive, and upon re-
ceipt of such proof of loss of property by
such flres, or death of the claimant, heirs
surviving, and upon payment as aforesaid, a
patent shall be issued to such claimant, or his
or her heirs.
SEC. 3. That the claimant upon any home-
stead, who by reason of not having lived there-
on the necessary length of time to enable him
to commute under section 2301 of the revised
statutes as amended by the act of March 3,
1891, his heirs, executor, administrator, or
guardian of his minor heirs, may, when the
quantity of timber destroyed upon his or her
homestead shall not exceed 75,000 feet of mer-
chantable green timber, file an estimate in
the land office where such homestead was
entered, with such reasonable proofs as the
commissioner of public lands may prescribe,
as to the quantity of timber destroyed upon
any sectional subdivision, and thereupon the
register and receiver may, under the direction
of the commissioner of public lands, issue
a license or permit to cut the burned timber
I on any homestead or sectional fraction
thereof, upon payment of the sum of $1.25 per
acre for such sectional subdivision, and the
government shall issue a patent for the same
to the claimant or his or her heirs.
Approved Jan. 19, 1895.
COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS' TICKETS.
An amendment to the Interstate commerce
law provided that nothing in this act shall
prevent the issuance of joint interchangeable
5,000-mile tickets, with special privileges as to
the amount of free baggage that may be car-
ried under mileage tickets of 1,000 or more
miles. But before any common carrier, sub-
ject to the provisions of this act, shall issue
any such joint interchangeable mileage tick-
ets with special privileges, as aforesaid, it
shall file with the interstate commerce com-
mission copies of the joint tariffs of rates,
fares or charges on which such joint inter-
changeable mileage tickets are to be based,
together with specifications of the amount of
free baggage permitted to be carried under
such tickets, in the same manner as common
carriers are required to do with regard to other
joint rates by section 6 of this act; and all the
provisions of said section 6 relating to joint
rates, fares and charges shall be observed by
said common carriers and enforced by the
interstate commerce commission as fully
with regard to such joint interchangeable
mileage tickets as with regard to other joint
rates, fares and charges referred to in said
section 6. It shall be unlawful for any com-
mon carrier that has issued or authorized to
be issued any such joint interchangeable mile-
age tickets to.demand, collect or receive from
any person or persons a greater or less com-
pensation for transportation of persons or bag-
gage under such joint interchangeable mile-
age tickets than that required by the rate, fare
or charge specified in the copies of the joint
tariff of rates, fares or charges filed with the
commission in force at the time. The pro-
visions of section 10 of this act shall apply to
any violation of the requirements of this
proviso.
Approved Feb. 8, 1895.
GETTYSBURG MILITARY PARK.
That the secretary of war is hereby author-
ized to receive from the Gettysburg Battle-
field Memorial Association, a corporation
chartered by the state of Pennsylvania, a
deed of conveyance to the United States of
all the lands belonging to said association,
embracing about 800 acres, more or less, and
being a considerable part of the battlefield of
Gettysburg, together with all rights of way
over avenues through said lands acquired by
said association, and all improvements made
by it in and upon the same. Upon the due
execution and delivery to the secretary of
war of such deed of conveyance, the secre-
tary of war is authorized to pay to the said
Battlefield Memorial Association the sum of
$2,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary
to discharge the debts of said asspciation. the
amount of such debts to be verified by the
officers thereof, and the sum of $2,000 is here-
by appropriated, out of any money in the
treasury not otherwise appropriated, to meet
and defray such charges.
SEC. 2. That as soon as the lands aforesaid
shall be conveyed to the United States the
secretary of war shall take possession of the
same, and such other lands on the battlefield
as the United States have acquired, or shall
hereafter acquire, by purchase or condemna-
tion proceedings; and the lands aforesaid
shall be designated and known as the "Gettys-
burg National Park."
SEC. 3. That the Gettysburg National Park
shall, subject to the supervision and direction
of the secretary of war, be in charge of the
commissioners heretofore appointed by the
secretary of war for the location and acqui-
sition of lands at Gettysburg, and their suc-
cessors; the said commissioners shall have
their office at Gettysburg, and while on duty
shall be paid such compensation out of the
appropriation provided in this act as the sec-
retary of war shall deem reasonable and
just. And it shall be the duty 9f the said
commissioners, under the direction of the
secretary of war, to superintend the opening
of such additional roads as may be necessary
for the purposes of the park and for the im-
provement of the avenues heretofore laid out
therein, and to properly mark the boundaries
of the said park, and to ascertain and defi-
nitely mark the lines of battle of all troops
engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, so far as
the same shall fall within the limits of the
park.
SEC. t. That the secretary of war is hereby
authorized and directed to acquire, at such
times and in such manner as he may deem
best calculated to serve the public interest,
such lands in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa.,
not exceeding in area the parcels shown on
the map prepared by Major-General Daniel
K. Sickles, United States army, and now on
file in the office of the secretary of war,
which were occupied by the infantry, cavalry
and artillery on the 1st, 2d and 3d days of
July, 1863, and such other adjacent lands as he
may deem necessary to preserve the impor-
tant topographical features of the battlefield:
Provided, That nothing contained in this act
shall be deemed and held to prejudice tl~e
rights acquired by any state or by any mili-
tary organization to the ground on which its
monuments or markers are placed, nor the
right of way to the same.
Section 8 of the bill provides for a bronze
tablet containing Mr. Lincoln's speech at Get-
tysburg, Nov. 10. 18t>3, on the occasion of the
dedication of the national cemetery. The
speech was as follows:
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought, forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
IMPORTANT LEGISLATION.
85
"Now we are engaged in a great civil war.
testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
W e are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have cotne to dedicate a portion of that
field as a final resting-place for those who
here gave their lives that that nation might
live. It is altogether fitting and proper that
we should do this.
"But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate,
we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world
will little note, nor long remember, what we
say here; but it can never forget what they
did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work which
they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedi-
cated to the great task remaining before us;
that from these honored dead we take In-
creased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion; that
we here hi i;hly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain; that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and
that government of the people, by the people,
for the people, shall not perish from the
earth."
Approved Feb. 11, 1895.
PUBLIC BUILDING AT CHICAGO.
That the secretary of the treasury is here-
by authorized and directed to cause to be
erected upon the present postofflce site in
the city of Chicago and state of Illinois, which
site is bounded by Adams. Jackson, Clark and
Dearborn streets, a commodious and suffi-
ciently fireproof building for the use of the
postoffice. United States courts, United States
sub-treasury, United States collectors, and
other necessary officers of the government;
the building to be so erected as to occupy all
the available area of the present site to the
street lines on all sides, and the secretary of
the treasury is authorized to contract with
the lowest and best bidder, after reasonable
notice by advertisement in two or more news-
papers published in the city of Chicago, for
the sale of the present building as hereinbe-
fore described and the removal of the same
from the site where it is now located, and the
secretary of the treasury is further author-
ized and directed to have prepared by the su-
pervising architect of the treasury depart-
ment full and complete plans, specifications
and detailed drawings of the building to be
erected, the said plans to be approved by the
secretary of the treasury, the postmaster-
general and the secretary of the interior.
SEC. 2. That the secretary of the treasury is
hereby further authorized in the specifica-
tions for the erection of said building to enter
into contract for the construction of any por-
tion thereof, and the several contracts for the
different portions of said building shall be
awarded, after public advertisement accord-
ing to law for not less than one month, to the
lowest responsible bidder or bidders. Said
contracts shall be made at such times that
the actual work of construction shall pro-
gress continuously, and no delay be caused in
the erection of the building: Provided, That
the entire cost of said building when com-
pleted shall not exceed the sum of 4,000,000.
Approved Feb. 13, 1895.
THE VENEZUELAN BOUNDARY.
That the president's suggestion, made in
his last annual message to this body namely,
that Great Britain and Venezuela refer their
dispute as to boundaries to friendly arbitra-
tionbe earnestly recommended to the favor-
able consideration of both the parties in
interest.
Approved Feb. 20, 1895.
MEXICAN FREE ZONE.
That the secretary of the treasury be and
is hereby authorized and directed to suspend
the operation of section 3005 of the revised
statutes, in so far as thes ame permits goods,
wares and merchandise to be transported in
bond through the United States into the free
zone of Mexico, so long as the Mexican free-
zone law exists: Provided, That nothing
herein contained shall be construed so as to
prevent the transportation of merchandise in
bond to be delivered at points in the territory
of Mexico beyond the limits of said free zone.
Approved March 1. 1895.
COPYRIGHT LAW.
If any person, after the recording of the
title of any map, chart, dramatic or musical
composition, print, cut, engraving, or pboto-
grapn, or chromo, or of the description of any
painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or model
or design intended to be perfected and exe-
cuted as a work of the fine arts, as provided
by this act, shall, within the term limited,
contrary to the provisions of this act, and
without the Gonsent of the proprietor of the
copyright first obtained in writing, signed in
presence of two or more witnesses, engrave,
etch, work, copy, print, publish, dramatize,
translate, or import, either in whole or in part,
or by varying the main design, with intent to
evade the law, or, knowing the same to be so
printed, published, dramatized, translated, or
imported, shall sell or expose to sale any copy
of such map or other article, as aforesaid, he
shall forfeit to the proprietor all the plates on
which the same shall be copied and every sheet
thereof, either copied or printed, and shall
further forfeit $1 for every sheet of the same
found in his possession, either printing,
printed, copied, published, imported, or ex-
posed for sale; and in case of a painting,
statue, or statuary, he shall forfeit $10 for
every copy of the same in his possession, or by
him sold or exposed for sale: Provided, hmv-
ever, That in case of any such infringement of
the copyright of a photograph made from any
object not a work of fine arts, the sum to be
recovered in any action brought under the
provisions of this section shall be not less
than $100. nor more than $5,000, and : Provided,
further, That in case of any such infringe-
ment of the copyright of a painting, drawing,
statue, engraving, etching, print, or model or
design for a work of the fine arts or of a photo-
graph of a work of the fine arts, the sum to be
recovered in any action brought through the
provisions of this section shall be not less than
$250, and not more than $10.000. One-half of
all the foregoing penalties shall go to the pro-
prietors of the copyright and the other half to
the use of the United States.
Approved March 2, 1895.
ACCRUED PENSIONS.
That from and after the 28th day of Septem-
ber, 1892, the accrued pension to the date of the
death of any pensioner, or of any person en-
titled to a pension having an application
therefor pending, and whether a certificate
therefor shall issue prior or subsequent to the
death of such person, shall, in the case of a
person pensioned, or applying for pension, on
account of his disabilities or service, be paid,
first, to his widow; second, if there is no
widow, to his child or children under the age
of 16 years at his death; third, in case of a
widow, to her minor children under the age of
Mi years at her death. Such accnied pension
shall not be considered a part of the assets of
the estate of such deceased person, nor be
86
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB
liable for the payment of the debts of said
estate in any case whatsoever, but shall Inure
to the sole and exclusive benefit of the widow
or children. And if no widow or child survive
such pensioner, and in the case of his last sur-
viving child who was such minor at his death,
and in case of a dependent mother, father,
sister or brother, no payment whatsoever of
their accrued pension shall be made or allowed
except so much as may be necessary to reim-
burse the person who bore the expense of
their last sickness and burial, if they did not
leave sufficient assets to meet such expense.
And the mailing of a pension check, drawn by
a pension agent in payment of a pension due,
to the address of a pensioner, shall constitute
payment in the event of the death of a pen-
sioner subsequent to the execution of the
voucher therefor. And all prior laws relating
to the payment of accrued pension are hereby
repealed.
Approved March 2, 1895.
SUPPRESSION OP LOTTERIES.
That any person who shall cause to be
brought within the United States from abroad,
for the purpose of disposing of the same, or
deposited in or carried by the mails of the
United States, or carried from one state to
another in the United States, any paper, cer-
tificate or instrument purporting to be or rep-
resent a ticket, chance, share or interest in
or dependent upon the event of a lottery,
so-called gift concert or similar enter-
prise offering prizes dependent upon lot
or chance, or shall cause any advertise-
ment of such lottery, so-called gift con-
cert or similar enterprise offering prizes
dependent upon lot or chance, to be
brought Into the United States, or deposited
in or carried by the mails of the United
States, or transferred from one state to an-
other in the same, shall be punishable in the
first offense by imprisonment for not more
than two years or by a fine of not more than
$1.000, or both, and in the second and after
offenses by such imprisonment only.
PENSION CHANGES.
That from and after the passage of this act
all pensioners now on the rolls, who are
pensioned at less than $6 per month, for any
degree of pensionable disability, shall have
their pensions increased to $6 per month, and
that hereafter, whenever any applicant for
pension would, under existing rates, be en-
titled to less than $6 for any single disability,
or several combined disabilities, such pen-
sioner shall be rated at not less than $6 per
month: Provided also, That the provisions
hereof shall not be held to cover any pen-
sionable period prior to the passage of this
act, nor authorize a re-rating of any claims
for any part of such period, nor prevent the
allowance of lower rates than $6 per month,
according to the existing practice in the
pension office in pending cases covering any
pensionable period prior to the passage of
this act.
Approved March 2, 1895.
VENEZUELA AND GREAT BRITAIN.
The controversy now going on between these
two nations over the boundary line dividing
Venezuela from British Guiana is quite likely
to involve the United States before it is ter-
minated. On the northeasterly coast of South
America is a region lying between the deltas
of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, which
early in the century was known as the Guay-
anas. In 1810 a very considerable portion of
this territory became a part of Venezuela,
that country having taken" It as the inheritor
of the Spanish title. In 1814 Holland ceded
another portion of the Guayanas to Great
Britain, but the boundary line between the
Dutch and Spanish portions of the territory
had never been established by any treaty.
Shortly after the cession of British Guiana
disputes as to the boundary line between
Venezuela and the British cession arose, and
they still remain unsettled. The Venezuelan
claim includes all territory west of the Esse-
quibo river and southward to the boundaries
of Brazil. The British claim includes the Yuru-
ary valley and west nearly to the Caroni river,
in which very rich gold mines have recently
been discovered, as far west as the mouth of
the Orinoco river, being nearly one-third of the
entire country. Great Britain made no at-
tempt to occupy any portion of her claimed
territory west of the Pomaron river until 1841.
when she sent a commissioner, who, without
the consent of Venezuela, ran a boundary
line from the Orinoco delta southwest, which
line has since become known as the Schom-
burgk boundary. The territory taken from
Venezuela by this new line is nearly equal in
area to the state of New York.
Although this line is now referred to by the
British government as marking the limits be-
tween what is without question British terri-
tory and what may be considered territory in
dispute, it was cot so regarded by the British
government at that time, for, upon a protest
from Venezuela, Lord Aberdeen, then prime
minister of England, distinctly disavowed any
intention of occupying the territory within it,
and directed the colonial authorities to oblit-
erate the line and destroy the posts and marks
by which it had been defined.
Lord Aberdeen subsequently proposed a
conventional boundary line beginning near
the mouth of the Orinoco, but carrying the
British contention farther to the westward in
the interior than had been proposed by the
Schomburgk line. This line, though disad-
vantageous to Venezuela, might have been
accepted but for the fact that Lord Aberdeen
accompanied it by what Venezuela considered
a humiliating condition. He proposed to
"cede" to Venezuela the territory beyond this
line and oblige her not to alienate any part
of it to a third power.
The matter then remained unsettled until
1879, when Dr. Rojos, Venezuelan minister to
London, opened negotiations with Lord Salis-
bury, who then set up a claim that far ex-
ceeded any theretofore made by Great Brit-
ain. He claimed not only the territory to the
east of the old Schomburgk line but a vast
tract beyond it. Lord Granville succeeded
Lord Salisbury while the matter was under
consideration, and he proposed aline which,
while it did not lay any claim to the mouth of
the Orinoco, was more favorable to Great
Britain in the interior than any line which
had previously been suggested. Dr. Rojos
could not consider this and proposed the set-
tlement of the question by arbitration. Great
Britain did not agree to this and nothing
more was done until 1884.
In that year Guzman Blanco, who had be-
come Venezuelan minister at London, con-
tinued negotiations for a treaty of arbitration
which came more nearly resulting in a settle-
ment of the controversy than any of the ne-
gotiations before or since that time. A draft
of a treaty was practically agreed upon which
would have referred the boundary question to
arbitration and settled all the pending ques-
tions between the two governments. By a
MEN OF THE YEAR.
87
change in the ministry, however, the marquis
of Salisbury became premier and he declined
to carry out the agreements which had been
made by Earl Granville.
Three years later, when Lord Rosebery was
minister of foreign affairs in the Gladstone
cabinet, the matter was again taken up and
Lord Rosebery prepared a conventional line
more favorable to Venezuela than any propo-
sition that had come from the British side.
He accompanied it, however, with a condition
that the Orinoco would be declared open and
free to the navigation of British vessels. This
was rejected by Venezuela and arbitration
was again proposed, but was not agreed to by
Great Britain.
In the meantime the British authorities
took formal possession of the territory within
the old Schomburgk line and in 18S6 estab-
lished fortifications at Barima point and
posted notices at the mouth of the Amacura
river announcing that the territory was within
British jurisdiction. Venezuela demanded
dispute to arbitration. These demands were
not complied with, and in February, 1887, Ven-
ezuela formally declared all diplomatic rela-
tions with England suspended.
This dispute created some anxiety In the
United States, and on the 20th of February,
1895, the following joint resolution was passed
by congress:
"Resolved, That the president's suggestion
made in his last annual message to this body
namely, that Great Britain and Venezuela
refer their dispute as to boundaries to
friendly arbitration be earnestly recom-
mended to the favorable consideration of both
parties in interest."
The Venezuelan government is willing and
anxious to submit the whole question to arbi-
tration. Great Britain declined to act upou
the suggestion of the United States upon the
following grounds:
1. That Venezuela once proposed arbitra-
tion, to which proposal, after careful consid-
eration. Great Britain replied signifying her
willingness to arbitrate certain definite
subjects of controversy, but that Venezuela
has never made any reply to this proposition,
either accepting or rejecting the suggested
basis of arbitration.
2. That in any event there are certain por-
tions of territory to which Venezuela lays
claim which under no circumstances will be
made the subject of arbitration, as they are
recognized and established portions or the
British domain, and are not, therefore, a sub-
ject on which the judgment of arbitrators
could be invoked.
3. That the subject-matter is one between
Great Britain and Venezuela, so that the good
offices of the United States are not regarded
as essential to a settlement, as it is not under-
stood that the United States has assumed a
protectorate over Venezuela or has other
interests than those of a friendly power.
In plain English, Great Britain does not, un-
der any circumstances, propose to arbitrate
any claim to the vast region east of the
"Schomburgk line," and advises the United
States to mind its own business in the matter.
The truth is that the whole region between
the Orinoco and the Essequibo is marked with
British "boundary lines," dated 1814, 1840, 1843,
1844, 1881, 1886, 1890. 1893 and 1895, no two agreeing,
and not one of them having any better excuse
for existence than the demands of greed and
the taste and fancy of the diplomatic surveyor
or engineer who drew it. .
As the controversy now stands Venezuela is
ready and nnxious to enter into a treaty with
Great Britain, whereby the entire boundary
controversy will be submitted to settlement
by a court of arbitration, without any reserva-
tions whatever, while, on the other hand, Great
Britain has declined to consider any proposi-
tion for arbitration which does not admit that
all the territory east of the Schomburgk line
is British territory. Venezuela will not concede
this advantage to the British, as her conten-
tion is that her title to the territory east of the
Schomburgk is as good as to that west of that
line. Contending, as she does, that the terri-
tory east of the Schomburgk line, clear to the
Essequibo river, is part of Venezuela, that gov-
ernment holds that it is powerless to concede
any part of it to Great Britain until a duly
constituted court of arbitration shall decide
that it never properly belonged to the Vene-
zuelan government.
KEN OF THE YEAR.
po
Ci
JUDSON HARMON.
Judson Harmon, the attorney-general ap-
.ointed to succeed Mr. Olney. is a resident of
Cincinnati; was born in Anderson township
Feb. 3, 1846. His father, the Rev. B. F. Har-
mon, was a baptist minister well known
throughout the Ohio valley. Mr. Harmon was
graduated at Dennison university at Gran-
ville. O.. in 1866, and began the practice of
law in 1869. He was a republican till 1872, when
he Greeleyized. He was elected superior
judge in 1878, re-elected in 1883. and when ex-
Gov. George Hoadly went to New York in 1887
Judge Harmon resigned from the bench to be-
come the head of the firm of Harmon, Colston,
Goldsmith & Hoadly, which represents several
railways and other large corporations, and
with which firm he will continue his connec-
tion. When Judge Harmon resigned in 1887
Gov. Koraker appointed Judge William Taft,
now United States circuit judge and formerly
solicitor-general, to the vacancy. Mrs. Har-
mon is the daughter of the late Dr. Scobey of
Hamilton. They have three daughters Mrs.
Eciman Wright. Jr., of Philadelphia, Miss
Elizabeth, and Marjorie. the youngest of the
family, who is 14 years old.
Ex-Judge Harmon has been a stanch dem-
ocrat, though he has not taken a very active
part in politics. He has devoted himself
chiefly to the practice of law, but he has kept
well posted about current events in the polit-
ical world. He has affiliated with the Cleve-
land (or administration) wing of the demo-
cratic party. In Ohio politics he has been a
friend of ex-Gov. Campbell, and in local af-
fairs he has always been opposed to "the
gang."
WILLIAM L. WILSON.
William L. Wilson, postmaster-general, was
born in Jefferson county. West Virginia. May 3.
1843; was educated at Charlestown academy
and at Columbian college. District of Colum-
bia, where he was graduated in 18(10, and at the
University of Virginia; served in the confeder-
ate army; was for several years after the war
professor in Columbian college, but on the
overthrow of the lawyers' test oath in West
Virginia resigned and entered upon the prac-
tice of law at Charlestown; was a delegate in
1880 to the national democratic convention at
Cincinnati, and was chosen an elector for
the state-aMarge on the Hancock ticket; was
permanent president of the national demo-
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
era tic convention at Chicago in 1892; was
elected president of the West Virginia uni-
versity in 1882 and entered upon the office
Sept. 6. but on Sept. 20 was nominated as the
democratic candidate for the XLVIIIth con-
gress and elected; resigned the presidency of
the State university in June, 1883; received
the degree of LL.D. from Columbian univer-
sity in 1883 and from Hampden-Sidney college,
Virginia, in 1886; was appointed a regent of
the Smithsonian Institution for two years in
1884, and reappointed in 1886; was elected to
the XLVIIIth, XLIXth, Lth, List, Llld and
LUId congresses, but was defeated for elec-
tion to the LIVth. Upon the resignation of
Mr. Bissell of the office of postmaster-general
Mr. Wilson was appointed as his successor.
MATT W. HANSOM.
Matt W. Ransom of North Carolina, minis-
ter to Mexico, was born in Warren county,
North Carolina, in 182(i, received an academic
education; was graduated from the University
of North Carolina in 1847; studied law and was
admitted to the bar on graduating in 1847; is a
lawyer and planter; was elected attorney-gen-
eral of North Carolina in 1852 and resigned in
1855; was a member of the legislature of North
Carolina in 1858, 1859 and 1860; was a peace com-
missioner from the state of North Carolina to
the congress of southern states at Montgom-
ery, Ala., in 1861; entered the confederate
army, serving as lieutenant-colonel, colonel,
brigadier-general and major-general and sur-
rendered at Appomattox; was elected to the
United States senate as a democrat in Jan-
uary, 1872, took his seat April 24, 1872, and was
re-elected in 1876, 1883 and 1889. His term of
service expired March 3, 1895, and in February
he was appointed minister to Mexico to suc-
ceed Mr. Gray, deceased.
GEN. NELSON A. MILES.
Maj.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles, who has been
in command of the department of the east,
succeeded in October, 1895, Gen. Schofleld
in the command of the army, but with-
out change of rank. Gen. Miles was born at
Westminster. Mass., in 1839. He is not a
West Point graduate, and because of this fact
there has been, it is said, some opposition, at
least among his brother officers, to his ap-
pointment to the command of the army. In
1861 he went out with a regiment of Massachu-
setts volunteers with the rank of captain. He
was rapidly promoted, reaching the rank of
brigadier-general of volunteers in 1864 and
major-general of volunteers early in 1865. At
the close of the war he entered the regular
army and distinguished himself in numerous
campaigns against the Indians, especially in
the northwest and in capturingGeronimoand
his Apache band in Arizona in 1886. He was
made a brigadier-general in the regular army
in 1880, and a major-general in 1890. He was in
command of the department of the Missouri
with headquarters at Chicago during the great
strike of 1894, where he rendered most efficient
service. Near the close of the year he was
transferred to the department of the east,
with headquarters at New York.
WILLIAM P. CRAIGHILL.
William Price Craighill, chief of engineers,
J. S. A., was born in Charlestown, Jefferson
junty, W. Va., on the 1st of July, 1833, and
.as graduated at West Point, second in a clasi
of fifty-two, in 1853. He was assigned to the
engineer corps and superintended the build-
ng of Fort Delaware. For some years he was
an instructor at the Military academy, but in
863 he was engaged in the construction of de-
'enses at Pittsburg, which was threatened by
Morgan and other raiders. In March, 1865, he
was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for his serv-
ces in the defense of Cumberland gap, and a
little later he served on the board appointed
to superintend the defenses at New York.
After this he was engaged in similar work at
Baltimore. Since then he has been employed
in many important works, including the im-
provement of the Potomac, Appomattox and
Delaware rivers. In 1877 he was sent to Europe
to examine movable dams and other works in
tlques," and, in collaboration with Capt. Men-
dell, Gen. Jomini's "Precis de 1'Art de la
Guerre."
GEN. G. N. LIEBER.
Gen. Guido Norman Lieber, judge-advocate
general, U. S. A., was born March 21, 1837, in
Columbia, S. C., where his father was serv-
ing as professor of history and political
economy in the University of South Carolina.
At this institution Gen. Lieber was graduated
in 1856, and at the Harvard law school three
years later. After a practice of two years at
the New York bar he entered the army. May
14, 1861, receiving the brevet of captain for
gallantry at the battle of Games' Mill, and
the full grade later on, serving meanwhile as
adjutant of his regiment, the llth infantry.
He saw war service also at Yorktown, Mai-
vern Hill, the second battle of Bull Run and
in the Teche and Red river campaigns of
Louisiana, gaining a second brevet, that of
major, for gallantry, and at the close of the
war the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for
"faithful and meritorious service during the
war." Nov. 13, 1862, he was appointed major
and judge advocate of volunteer service,
serving as such on the staff of Gen. Banks.
Feb. 25, 1867, Maj. Lieber was transferred
from the infantry to the judge-advocate gen-
eral's department of the army, being on duty
as professor of law at the United States Mili-
tary academy from 1878 until his transfer to
the bureau of military justice, Washington,
in 1882. July 5, 1884, he was promoted to col-
onel and assistant judge-advocate general.
His final promotion to the highest grade in
his corps makes no change in his duties, as he
has been at the head of the corps since the
suspension of its chief, Gen. Swaim.
GEORGE C. PERKINS.
George .Clement Perkins, senator from
California, was born at Kennebunkport,
Me., in 1839 and was reared on a farm,
with limited educational advantages. At
the age of 12 he went to sea as a cabin
boy and followed the sea as sailor for
several years. In 1855 he shipped "before
the mast ' for California, where he arrived in
the autumn of that year and went on foot to
Oroville and became a porter in a store. Sub-
sequently he became a partner in the business
and was very successful. He went into bank-
ing, milling, mining and sheep-raising, and in
1868 was elected to the state senate. He be-
came largely interested in the Pacific Coast
Steamship company. He was elected presi-
dent of the merchants' exchange of San Fran-
cisco and in 1879 was elected governor of Cali-
fornia, serving until 1883. Upon the death of
Mr. Stanford he was elected his successor.
His term will expire March 4, 1897.
GEORGE L. SHOUP.
George L. Shoup, senator from Idaho, was
born in Kittannmg, Armstrong county. Pa.,
June 15, 1836. He was educated in the public
schools of Freeportand Slate Lick, and moved
with his father to Illinois in June, 1852. He
engaged in farming and stock-raising near
Galesburg until 18o8, when he removed to
Colorado. Here he engaged in mining and
mercantile business until 1861, and in Septem-
ber enlisted in Capt. Backus' independent com-
MEN OF THE YEAR.
pany of scouts, beingsoon after commissioned
second lieutenant. During the autumn and
winter of 1861 he was engaged in scouting
along the base of the Rocky mountains. He
was ordered to Fort Union, New Mexico, in the
early part of 1862, and was kept on scouting
duty on the Canadian, Pecos and Red rivers
until the spring of 1863. During this time he
was promoted to a first lieutenancy. He was
then ordered to the Arkansas river. He had
been assigned in 1862 to the 2d Colorado
regiment of volunteer infantry, but was re-
tained on duty tn the cavalry service, being
assigned to the 1st Colorado regiment of
cavalry in May, 1863.
In 1861 Mr. Shoup was elected to the consti-
tutional convention to prepare a constitution
for the proposed state or Colorado and ob-
tained a leave of absence for thirty days to
serve as a member. After performing this
service he returned to active duty. He was
commissioned colonel of the 3d Colorado
cavalry in September, 1864, and was mustered
out at Denver with the regiment at the expira-
tion of his term of service.
Mr. Shoup engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness in Virginia City, Mont., in 1866, and during
the same year established a business at Sal-
mon City, Idaho. Since 1866 he has been en-
gaged in mining, stock-raising, mercantile and
other business in Idaho. He was a member
of the territorial legislature during the VIHth
and Xth sessions, was a delegate to the na-
tional republican convention in 1880, was a
member of the republican national committee
from 1880 to 1881, was United States commis-
sioner for Idaho at the world's cotton centen-
nial exposition at New Orleans, La., in 1884-5,
and was again placed on the republican com-
mittee in 1888 and re-elected in 1892. Mr. Shoup
was appointed governor of Idaho territory
March, 1889, which position he held until
elected governor of the state of Idaho Oct. 1,
1890. He was elected to the United States sen-
ate as a republican Dec. 18, 1890, and took his
seat Dec. 29, 1890. His term will expire March
4, 1901.
LUCIEN BAKER.
Lucien Baker, senator from Kansas, was,
when elected, a member of the state senate
from the 3d senatorial district. He was born
in Fulton county, Ohio, and is 46 years of age,
more than twenty-five years of which have
been passed In Kansas. Of methodist parent-
age, Mr. Baker secured a good general educa-
tion and adopted the law as his profession.
He went to Kansas from Michigan in 1869
and located at Leavenworth, where be has
since resided. As a lawyer Mr. Baker was
very successful and had but little time to de-
vote to practical politics. He never held any
office until he was elected to the state senate
except that of city attorney for Leavenworth.
But he was so well known as an ardent and
patriotic republican that when he was nomi-
nated for the state senate no fears were felt
by his friends as to the result. His majority
over the populist candidate was over 1.500 and
over the democratic nominee more than 2,000.
By virtue of his ability as a logician and
clear-headed thinker he was at once recog-
nized as one of the republican leaders of the
state senate. His term will expire March 4,
1899.
JULIUS C. BURROWS.
Julius Caesar Burrows of Kalamazoo. sena-
tor from Michigan, was born at North East,
Erie county, Pa., Jan. 9, 1837; received a com-
mon-school and academic education; by pro-
fession a lawyer; was an officer in the union
army, 1862-4; "prosecuting attorney of Kalama-
zoo county, 18V>5-7; appointed supervisor of in-
ternal revenue for the states of Michigan and
Wisconsin tn 1867, but declined the office;
elected a representative to the XLIIId, XLVIth
and XLVIlth congresses; appointed solicitor
of the United States treasury department by
President Arthur in 1884. but declined the
office; elected a delegate-at-large from Michi-
gan to the national republican convention at
Chicago in 1884; elected to the XLIXth, Lth
and List congresses; twice elected speaker
pro tern, of the house of representatives during
the List congress and was elected to the Llld
congress and re-elected to the LIHd congress
as a republican, receiving 21,287 votes, against
15,803 votes for Daniel Strange, democrat; 2.510
votes for P. T. Butler, prohibitionist, and 2,898
votes for L. C. Lockwood, people's. He was
elected to succeed Senator McMillan and his
term will expire March 4, 1901.
KNUTE NELSON.
Knute Nelson, senator from Minnesota,
was born in the parish of Voss, near Bergen,
Norway. Feb. 2, 1843. His father died while
he was almost an infant, and his mother emi-
grated to this country, making her home in
Chicago. They went there in 1849, remain-
ing until 1850, when they moved to Wiscon-
sin. Young Knute remained In the Badger
state until 1871, when he moved to Douglas
county, Minnesota, which has since been his
home.
When the civil war broke out he entered
the service as a private in company B of the
4th Wisconsin, and became a non-commis-
sioned officer. He served over three years,
and was taken prisoner while wounded at
the siege of Port Hudson, La., In 1863. After
the war he studied law and was admitted to
the bar in Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1867.
and was sent to the legislature as a member
of the assembly in 1868 and 1869. In 1871, as
stated, he moved to Alexandria, Minn., and
a year later became county attorney of Doug-
las county.
He served In the state senate from 1875 to
1878, inclusive, and In 1880 was one of the
presidental electors. Later than that he was
one of the board of regents of the State uni-
versity. A greater step was taken, however,
when he was elected to the XLVIIIth con-
gress from the old 5th district, defeating all
comers, and he was subsequently elected to
the XLIXth and Lth congresses by equally
handsome figures over his opponents of all
parties. In July, 1892, he was nominated by
acclamation by the republican state conven-
tion for governor, to which high office he was
elected by a plurality of nearly 15,000, and in
1894 he was renominated and was re-elected
by a plurality of 60,000, His term will expire
March 4, 1901.
THOMAS H. CARTER.
Thomas H. Carter, senator from Montana,
was born in Scloto county, Ohio, Oct. 30, 1854,
and removed with his parents in his 5th year
to Illinois, locating at Pana, where he was edu-
cated in the public schools. His father was a
farmer, and young Henry was taught to do all
the work that is incidental to carrying on a
farm in the central part of Illinois. At 20
years of age he studied law and was admitted
to practice. In 1882 he went to Helena, where
he has constantly engaged In practicing law.
He was elected delegate to the XLth congress
as a republican from the territory of Mon-
tana. He was nominated by the republicans
in their flrst state convention and elected to
the Lth congress.
Mr. Carter gained a national reputation In
the List congress by his Indefatigable work
upon the floor of the house. He was chosen sec-
retary of the republican national congression-
al committee forthe campaign of 1890. In that
year Mr. Carter was chosen by his partv again
as its candidate for congress, but was de-
90
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
feated by W. W. Dixon, democrat. In the
spring of 1891, Mr. Carter was appointed by
President Harrison to be commissioner of the
general land office. In 1892 he was selected as
chairman of the republican national commit-
tee, which position ne still holds.
Mr. Carter ranks high throughout the entire
northwest as a lawyer. He is regarded as one
of the ablest trial lawyers in the country.
Mr. Carter is a member of the catholic
church. It was on this point that the Ameri-
can Protective association made such great
opposition to Mr. Carter's election. After it
was announced through the press that Mr.
Carter had been nominated the association
undertook to prevent his election, as it was
said that a majority of the members of the
legislature that were republican belonged to
this order. When the hour for election was
called, however, it passed off in a quiet, orderly
way, every member of the republican party
casting his vote for Mr. Carter.
LEE MANTLE.
Lee Mantle, senator from Montana, was
born in England Dec. 13, 1851, and came to this
country when about 9 years of age. In 1868 he
went to Utah and got a job driving team for a
contractor who was furnishing railroad ties to
the new Union Pacific railroad. When this
work was completed in 1869 young Mantle
found himself without work. He packed his
blankets, however, and walked 125 miles to
Malad City. There he got a job driving an ox
team, hauling salt from the salt works of east-
ern Idaho to Virginia City and Boise. On one
of his trips he chanced to meet a telegraph
operator, with whom he arranged for instruc-
tions in telegraphy. He paid for this in labor,
by keeping the lines in repair. He was quick
to learn, prompt and reliable, and was soon
promoted to the position of general repairer
tor the Western Union telegraph lines be-
tween Ogden and Green River. From this posi-
tion Mr. Mantle was given the agency of the
stage line between Corinne, Utah, and Helena,
Mont. He continued his connection with stage
and telegraph lines in that locality until 1877,
when he moved to Butte City as agent of the
Wells-Fargo express company. Two years
later he was placed in charge of the first tele-
graph office opened in Butte and also opened
the first insurance office there. In 1880 he took
an active part in local politics, helped to in-
corporate the city and was one of Butte's first
aldermen.
Soon after this Mr. Mantle organized the
Inter-Mountain Publishingcompany and be-
gan the publication of the Butte Daily Inter-
Mountain. He has held the position of man-
ager of that paper ever since its publication
and through it has done a great deal of work
for the republican party.
In 1882 Mr. Mantle was elected to the lower
house of the territorial legislature and in 1884
was one of Montana's delegates to the repub-
lican national convention. In 1886 he was
again elected to the legislature. The follow-
ing year, when the people of Montana organ-
ized a Mineral Land association to take steps
to fight the Northern Pacific railroad com-
pany's efforts to secure large grants of valu-
able mineral lands, Mr. Mantle was elected
president of this association and took an active
part In the fight that saved 1 the mineral lands
from falling into the bands of the railroad.
In 1888 Mr. Mantle was elected for the third
time to represent his county in the legislature,
and in that year he nominated T. H. Carter,
his present colleague, for congress in the re-
publican convention. After Montana's admis-
sion as a state Mr. Mantle was a candidate for
the United States senate before the first state
legislature in 18yO. but was defeated in the
caucus by two votes by Senator T. C. Power.
JOHN M. THURSTON.
John M. Thurston, United States senator
from Nebraska, has been a resident of three
states during his 48 years of life. He was
born in Montpelier, vt., Aug. 21, 1847, and at
the age of 7 accompanied his parents to their
new nome in Madison, Wis. He was edu-
cated in Madison, Beaver Dam and at Way-
land college and was admitted to the bar in
1869.
At the age of 22 he removed to Omaha, hung
out his shingle and began his by no means
short career as a briefless barrister. Omaha
was then a city of about 15,000 inhabitants
and contained more legal talent to the square
inch than any other city of its size in the
country. In the face of a most discouraging
paucity of clients the young lawyer persevered
in his attempts to build up a practice. He
attended strictly to what business he had
during the day and slept in the office at
night, so that clients rarely tried his office
door in vain. His larder was usually well
supplied, however, for he would buy a box of
crackers and a cheese and live on them till
they were gone.
In 1872 he entered politics and was elected
councilman. Two years later he was city
attorney and in 1875 a member of the legis-
lature. In 1880 he was a presidental elector
and carried the vote of Nebraska to Washing-
ton to be counted for Garfleld. He was chair-
man of the Nebraska delegation In the repub-
lican national convention of 1884 and seconded
the nomination of John A. Logan. In 1888 he
was temporary chairman of the republican
national convention, and his speeches In
these two great gatherings gave him wide
fame as one of the most graceful, eloquent
and convincing orators in the republican
party.
The same year he was appointed to the
office of general solicitor of the Union Pacific
railroad at a salary of about $12.000 a year,
which he resigned in favor of a salary of
$5,000 a year (and mileage) when he entered the
United States senate. His term will expire
March 4, 1901.
MARION BUTLER.
Marion Butler, senator from North Carolina,
was born in 1863 and is the youngest man in
the senate His great-grandfather, James
Butler, came over from England and settled
in Sampson county, North Carolina, in 1760,
and was a soldier in the revolutionary war.
One hundred years later his father, Wiley
Butler, entered the confederate army and at
the close of the four years' struggle the new
senator was a child in his mother s arms. The
family farm was distant from schools, so his
mother taught him all that he learned until
he entered the Salem high school to prepare
for the University of North Carolina, where he
was graduated in 1885. Then he studied law,
became principal of an academy in a county
adjoining his home, and there, in 1888, made
the acquaintance of the state organizer 9f the
Farmers' alliance, whose ideas he readily ac-
cepted and a week later became president of
a county lodge. Then he bought a newspaper,
the Clinton Caucasian, a small country weekly
which shortly after was selected as the state
organ of the alliance. This editorial promi-
nence brought him into public notice and he
was elected to the state senate, where he be-
came the leader of the anti-monopoly faction
and succeeded in securing the passage of the
present law for the regulation of railroads.
In 1891 he was made president of the State
Farmers' alliance and in 1893 was promoted to
the presidency of the national organization
before he was 30 years old. Then he com-
menced his fight for the United States senate.
His ability as an organizer and a politician
MEN OF THE TEAR.
91
accomplished a fusion between the populists
and the republicans in his state, with the un-
derstanding that the two parties, if successful,
should divide the offices evenly. This re-
sulted In a fusion majority of over 30,000 and
the gratification of his ambition was Mr. But-
ler's reward. He married Florence Livingston
Faison of Faison, N. C., a member of one of
the old aristocratic families of the state. The
parents of the bride opposed the marriage
because Mr. Butler's social position did not
equal that of their daughter, and the course of
true love did not run smooth. But the young
woman had her way about it and she goes to
Washington as the youngest member of the
senatorial circle. His term will expire March
4, 1901.
JETER C. PRITCHARD.
Jeter C. Pritchard, senator from North Caro-
lina, was born in 1843 in Tennessee. Mr.
Pritchard is a native of East Tennessee, but
has spent most of his days in the Old North
state. He comes from the extreme southwest
corner of North Carolina, his home being on
the crest of the mountains, about twenty-five
miles from Asheville. He is a finely formed
man, about six feet tall, and has a manly and
attractive manner. He was a mere boy at the
outbreak of the war. His father was a union
man, but was drafted into the confederate
army. Senator Pritchard's last recollection
of him is seeing him mounted on a horse, his
feet and hands bound, on his way to the front,
where he died, an unwilling conscript in a
cause in which his sympathies were not en-
listed. The new senator is a stanch repub-
lican, having been actively engaged in every
campaign in his state since he was 18 years
old. His term will expire March 4, 1897.
GEORGE W. MCBRIDE.
George Washington McBride, senator from
Oregon, was born in Yamhill, Ore., in 1854. He
is a son of Dr. James McBride. who was well
known as one of the earliest and sturdiest
pioneers of the state. McBride was edu-
cated in the common schools and at Willa-
mette university, Salem. In 1867 his parents
left Yamhill county and located at St. Helen,
Columbia county, at which place he has made
his home ever since. In 1882 he was elected
to the Oregon house of representatives and
was subsequently chosen speaker of that
body. In 1886 Mr. McBride was nominated by
the republicans for secretary of state and
was elected. His popularity is attested by
the fact that two principal nominees on the
ticket with him governor and treasurer-
were defeated. Mr. McBride performed the
duties of his office so satisfactorily that he
was renominated by acclamation in 1890 and
re-elected by a handsome majority. He served
out the full term and retired the first of the
year, 1895, to give way to his successor. His
term will expire March 4, 1901.
R. F. PETTIGREW.
Richard Franklin Pettigrew, senator from
South Dakota, was born at Ludlow, Vt.. July,
1848; removed with his parents to Evansville,
Kock county, Wis., in 1854; was prepared for
college at the Evansville academy and en-
tered Beloit college in IStHJ, whore he remained
two years; was a member of the law class of
1870, University of Wisconsin; went to Dakota
in July, MS), in the employ ot a United States
deputy surveyor as a laborer; located in Sioux
Kails, where he engaged in the surveying and
real-estate business; opened a law office in
1872 and has been in the practice of his profes-
sion since; was elected to the Dakota legisla-
ture as a member of the council in 1877,
and ro-elected in 1879; was elected to the
XLVIIth congress as delegate from Dakota
territory: was elected to the territorial coun-
cil in 1884-5; was a member of the South Da-
kota constitutional convention of 1883; chair-
man of the committee on public indebtedness,
and framed the present provisions of the con-
stitution on that subject; was elected United
States senator Oct. 16, 1889, under the provis-
ions of the act of congress admitting South
Dakota into the union; was re-elected in 1895.
His term will expire March 4, 1901.
JOHN L. WILSON.
John L. Wilson, senator from Washington,
is only 44 years of age. He was born In Craw-
fordsville, Ind.; was graduated from Wabash
college in 1874; was a representative in the
Indiana legislature from Montgomery county
in 1880, and in 1881 was appointed to a clerk-
ship In the pension office at Washington.
Being a man of nervous temperament, full of
life, energy and ambition, he did not like the
routine and confinement, so he resigned his
position and went to Spokane Falls. Within
a year President Arthur appointed him re-
ceiver of public moneys at Spokane, and with
that office as a basis he went into politics. In
1884 he was chosen a delegate to the repub-
lican national convention. In 1890 he took
his seat in congress as the first representative
from the new state of Washington, and now
is elected to the senate. His term of office
will expire March 4. 1899.
STEPHEN B. ELKINS.
Stephen B. Elkins. senator frem West Vir-
ginia, was born Sept. 26, 1841, in Perry county,
Ohio, the son of a farmer. In early life his
family removed to Missouri.where he was grad-
uated from the State university in 1859. He
then studied law and was admitted to the bar
in 1864. He shortly afterward removed to
New Mexico, and during the first year of his
residence there was elected to the legislature.
He was shortly afterward appointed by Pres-
ident Johnson to the position of United States
attorney for the territory, an office which he
held until 1872, when he was elected a mem-
ber of the XLHId congress, and was re-
elected in 1874. While in congress he married
a daughter of Senator Henry G. Davis of
West Virginia. They have several children.
Mr. Elkins was appointed secretary of war by
President Harrison, and since the close of
Harrison's term has been devoting his atten-
tion to his railroad and coal interests. The
republican victory in West Virginia In 1894
was largely due to the energy and ability
which he displayed in conducting the cam-
paign. He has been successful in speculation
in lands and railroad stocks In New Mexico
and West Virginia and is several times a mil-
lionaire. His term will expire March 4, 1901.
CLARENCE D. CLARK.
Clarence D. Clark, senator from Wyoming,
is only 43 years of age and looks younger. He
is a man of muscular development and great
energy. Born at Sandy Creek, N. Y., in 1852.
he went to Iowa when a lad with his parents,
and after receiving an education in the com-
mon schools and graduating from the Iowa
State university he read law and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1874. Six years later he
removed to Evanston, Wyo,, and has there
been engaged in the practice of his profession
ever since. Three terms he served as prose-
cuting attorney and declined an appointment
as associate justice of the Supreme court of
that territory, which was tendered him by
President Harrison. He was the first repre-
sentative elected to congress from Wyoming
after its admission as a state: took his seat in
the List congress and was re-eiected to the
LHd congress.
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR
FRANCIS E. WARREN.
Francis B. Warren, senator from Wyoming,
was born in Hinsdale. Mass., June 20.1844; re-
ceived a common-school and academic educa-
tion; enlisted in 1862 in the 49th Massachusetts
regiment and served as private and non-com-
missioned officer in that regiment until it was
mustered out of the service; was afterward
captain in the Massachusetts militia; was en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising in Massa-
chusetts until early In 1868, when he removed
to Wyoming (then a part of Dakota); has
also engaged in mercantile, live-stock and
lighting businsss; was president of the coun-
cil, Wyoming legislature, in 1873, and a mem-
ber of the council in 1884; was mayor of Chey-
enne and served as treasurer of Wyoming;
was a delegate to the national republican
convention at Chicago in 1888; was appointed
governor of Wyoming by President Arthur
tory was admitted as a state, when he was
elected governor, Sept. 11, 1890; was elected to
the United States senate as a republican, Nov.
18. 1890, and took his seat Dec. 1, 1890. His
term of service expired March 3, 1893. In 1895
he was re-elected for the term expiring March
4, 1901.
IVAN N. WALKER.
Col. Ivan N. Walker of Indianapolis, Com-
mander-in-chief of the G. A. R., was born in
Rush county, Indiana, in 1839. At the breaking
out of the war, at the age 9f 21, he was hold-
ing an important office, which he resigned to
raise a company for the 73d Indiana volunteers,
of which he was chosen captain. He was
with his regiment in all its engagements-
Richmond, Perryville and Stone River and
for gallant conduct on that hotly contested
field won the rank of major and was soon
after promoted to lieutenant-colonel in March,
1863, and on the death of the colonel, in May
following, became commander of the regi-
ment. For more than a year he endured all
the horrors of Libby prison, having been
captured in a raid into the enemy's country,
and escaped through the historic tunnel in Feb-
ruary, 1864. Returning to his regiment, he ren-
dered most important service in the army of
the Cumberland in protecting the line of sup-
plies between Stevenson and Decatur, on the
Memphis & Charleston railroad and Tennessee
river, during the advance on Atlanta. At the
battle of Nashville he rendered valuable serv-
ice as aid, and received the personal thanks
of Gen. Thomas. He became a member of
the G. A. R. in 1867, and, on the reorganization
of the department of Indiana, served as com-
mander of George H. Thomas post, the larg-
est post in the department. He was assistant
adjutant-general of the department in 1887.
In 1891, declining a fifth term, he was chosen
department commander. During his four
years as executive officer the membership of
the department was increased more than
6,000. His work in the national encampment
and as chairman of the national pension com-
mittee was of inestimable value to the com-
radeship everywhere. He possesses first-class
executive ability and is in every way fitted
to fill the position of commander-in-chief. Col.
Walker is state tax commissioner of Indiana.
JOHN L. PEAKE.
John L. Peake, appointed minister to Swit-
zerland, went to Missouri from Kentucky in
1868. He was born in Scott county, Kentucky,
in 1839. and was graduated from the law
school at Louisville in 1860. He engaged in
the practice of law and in the insurance and
real-estate business, acquiring the nucleus of
a fortune early in life. His popularity as a
criminal lawyer won for him an enviable
reputation throughout western Missouri. In
1872 he formed a partnership with Caldwell
Yeaman, late member of the state judiciary
of Colorado, which continued until 1876. In
1877 Mr. Peake was elected prosecuting attor-
ney of Jackson county, Missouri, retaining
the office three terms. Upon his retirement
from this the only political office he ever
held he engaged in the private practice of
law. He is a leading member of the baptist
church and a Sunday school worker of na-
tional reputation.
THE GOVERNORS ELECTEE IN 1895.
FRANCIS MARION DRAKE, the successful
republican candidate for governor of Iowa,
was born in Rushville. Schuyler county. 111.,
Dec. 30, 1820. In 1859 he removed to Iowa,
where he has since made his home. He served
with distinction during the war and was
wounded at Mark's Mills. Ark., where he was
left for dead. He was brevetted brigadier-gen-
eral in February, 1865. Since the war Gen.
Drake has been engaged in railroad projects.
He was the first president of the Missouri,
Iowa & Nebraska railway. He founded and
endowed Drake university at Des Moines,
From boyhood the life of Gen. Drake has been
an active one and useful to the community in
which he lives as well as to the state.
LLOYD LOWNDES, elected on the republican
ticket governor of Maryland, was born in
Clarksburg, Va.. in 1845. He was educated at
Washington college, Pennsylvania. Allegheny
college, Meadville, Pa. and the University of
Pennsylvania. He began the practice of law
in Cumberland, the principal city of western
Maryland and the center of its coal territory.
In 1872 he was elected on the republican ticket
to the XLHId congress, reversing the usual
democratic majority in the district. In 1874
he was renominated, but was defeated by 50
votes. Since then he has refused political
honors. He is either president or director of
about twenty corporations and is worth four
or five millions.
FREDERICK THOMAS GREENHALGE, for a
third time elected by the republicans governor
of Massachusetts, is said to be the shrewdest,
wittiest and most popular of all the repub-
lican politicians in Massachusetts. Mr. Green-
halge is an Englishman by birth, but came to
this country when in early childhood and was
educated in the public schools at Lowell and
at Harvard university. He has held a great
many public offices, has been twice elected
mayor of Lowell, was city solicitor in 1888, and
representative to the legislature in 1885. He
was subsequently elected to congress. In
1893 Mr. Greenhalge was first elected governor
of Massacnusetts and in 1894 was re-elected
by a substantial majority.
ANSELM JOSEPH MCLAUKIN, chosen gov-
ernor by the democrats of Mississippi, was
born in Brandon, Rankin county, Mississippi,
in 1848. He attended only such schools as the
backwoods afforded, and afterward spent a
short time at the Summerville (Miss.) insti-
tute. He was admitted to the bar in 1868, at
once assumed a front rank in his profession,
and is to-day considered one of the finest
criminal lawyers in the state. In 1871 he was
elected district attorney and served four
vears. Mr. MoLaurin was a member of the
legislature of 1879 and of the constitutional
convention of 1890. He was elected to suc-
ceed Senator Walthall for his unexpired
term of thirteen months, when Mr. Walthall
resigned in January. 1894.
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
EX-SENATOR JOHN W. GIUGGS, chosen gov-
ernor of New Jersey on the republican ticket,
was born in Newton, Sussex county, N. J.,
July 10, 1849. He was graduated from La-
fayette college, Easton, Pa., and was sub-
sequently admitted to the bar. He was elected
to the assembly from one of the Paterson dis-
tricts in 1875 and 1876. The following year he
was renominated and defeated. In 1879 he
was appointed city counsel of Paterson, an
office he filled until 1882, when he was elected
to the senate Three years later he was re-
elected to the senate and in 1886 he was presi-
dent of that body. Since retiring from the
halls of legislation Mr. Griggs has devoted
his energies to the practice 01 law.
ASA S. BUSHNELL, of Springfield. O., who
succeeds William McKinley as the repub-
lican governor of that state, was born in
Oneida county, New York, in 1834, and went
to Springfield in 1851, where for three years he
was a clerk in a dry-goods store. In 1867 he
became a partner in the firm of Warder,
Mitchell & Co., manufacturers of reapers, and
has acquired a large fortune. During the
war Gen. Bushnell raised a company and
served as its captain in the Shenandoah val-
ley. Gen. Bushnell has been chairman of
the republican state committee and is ex-
tremely popular both in his own city and with
the republicans of Ohio. In 1886 he was ap-
pointed quartermaster-general of Ohio and
served four years.
HEBER M. WELLS, governor-elect of Utah,
was born in Salt Lake City, Aug. 11. 1869. In
1882 Mr. Wells was elected recorder of Salt
Lake City, which office he filled until 1890. In
1887 he was secretary of the sixth constitu-
tional convention of Utah, and in 1892 received
the republican nomination for mayor of Salt
Lake City, but was defeated in the election
by the liberal candidate. He has since
worked untiringly for republican success in
Utah. Mr. Wells has been cashier of the
State Bank of Utah since the expiration of
his term as city recorder in 1890. He has
achieved some notoriety by his exploits on
the amateur stage, and efforts have been
made to induce him to go on the stage as a
professional.
WILLIAM O'CONNELL BRADLEY, governor-
elect of Kentucky, is a citizen of Lancaster,
Garrard county, Ky., and was born March 18,
1847. He enlisted in the federal army at the
age of 14, and three years later was admitted
to the bar by a special act of the legislature.
In 1870 he was elected prosecuting attorney,
and in 1872 and 1876 made the race for con-
gress, but was defeated. In 1880 he was a
delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention
and seconded the nomination of Grant. He
was again a delegate in 1884 and a member of
the national committee. President Arthur
selected him to aid in prosecuting the star-
route thieves, but a difference with the attor-
ney-general caused him to give up the ap-
pointment. In 1887 he ran for governor
against Gen. Buckner and cut down the demo-
cratic majority very largely, running about
3.000 votes ahead of nis ticket. He was at the
head of the Kentucky delegation to the na-
tional republican conventions of 1888 and
1892.
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
The island of Cuba, properly known as "the
gem of the Antilles," has had a troublesome
history almost from the day of its discovery by
Columbus in October, 1492. Spain claimed and
held the island by right of discovery, but it
was not until 1511 that the Spaniards colonized
it. From the advent of the Spaniards the
extreme cruelty and injustice was inaugurated
that has characterized their treatment of the
people of Cuba ever since. Under Hernando
the government was so rigorous that it re-
sulted not only in greatly impairing the pros-
perity of the island but in the total extinction
of the Indian population in 1533. In 1534, and
again in 1554. Havana was destroyed by the
French, but it was rebuilt, and in 1584 the city
was so strongly fortified as to make it exempt
from attacks by sea. In 1(324 the Dutch cap-
tured the island, but only to surrender it again
to Spain. For half a century following, the
prosperity of the island suffered from repeated
incursions of filibusters. In 1702 Havana was
taken by the English, but the year following
it was surrendered to Spain in exchange for
Florida. The commercial relations between
Spain and Cuba grew stronger and more close,
and the island became the center of the slave
trade for all Spanish South America, and re-
mained so until 1845, when the importation of
slaves was forbidden. Through all its history,
up to 1829, Cuba was loyal to the Spanish
crown, and poured, with the utmost generosity
and willingness, its wealth into the treasury
of the mother country. As an evidence of
this it may be said that in July, 1808, when the
French had deposed the royal family of Spain,
the Cuban cabildo met at once and every
member took a solemn oath to preserve the
island for the deposed sovereign, and war.
without truce, was declared against Napoleon.
Two years later, when Mexico threw off the
Spanish yoke, Cuba remained loyal to the
mother country. Upon the re-establishment
of Spanish dominion over the island was in-
augurated the form of government by govern-
ors or captains-general appointed by the
crown, which has been continued to the pres-
ent time. Under this form of government the
last remnants of political, civil and religious
liberty have been gradually destroyed, until
for the last quarter-century the inhabitants of
the island have been excluded from all public
office and from all the affairs of the island;
taxes have been multiplied, and the people
have been robbed and plundered to supply the
Spanish treasury with funds for the mainte-
nance of the home government, its army and
navy. Under such conditions discontent was
created and spread rapidly. In 1829 this dis-
content showed itself in the uprising known
as the conspiracy of the "Black Eagle." In
1844 there was an insurrection of the blacks.
The first serious revolutionary attempt, how-
ever, was that of Narciso Lopez in 1848, a year
red with revolutions and revolutionary move-
ments. In May, 1850, he landed in the island
with 600 men from the United States. He cap-
tured the city of Cardenas, but failed to
receive support and withdrew. Again in
August, 1851, he gathered a band of several
hundred Kntuckians and made a descent
upon the north coast He was pursued by the
Spaniards from place to place, his forces dis-
persed and 700 taken prisoners. Then began
that system of horrible cruelty which Spain
has since persistently followed in the treat-
ment of Cuban insurgents. Lopez, Col. Crit-
tenden and this great body of prisoners were
all put to death by the garrote, their dead
bodies horribly mutilated and portions of them
openly sold in the city of Havana as relics.
Soon after this abortive attempt the so-called
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
reformist party arose. It endeavored to
secure Cuban rights without impairing Spanish
interests. It anally succeeded in securing
from the crown an official inquiry as to needed
reforms in Cuba. The results of that inquiry,
however, revealed sources of revenue un-
known up to that time, and the only thing
that followed was a new system of taxation
more extensive and more oppressive than
those which had preceded it.
The tyranny of Spain in Cuba excited the
warmest sympathy for the Cubans from the
people of the United States, and this, added
to a desire at the south to acquire more
slave territory, led to attempts to purchase
the island by our government. In 1848 Presi-
dent Polk offered Spain $1,000.000 for the
island, which was refused. In October, 1854.
three United States ministers to various Eu-
ropean courts signed what was known as the
Ostend manifesto, which declared in case of
Spain's refusal to sell the island of Cuba to
the United States that our government had
the right to take it by conquest and annex it
to the union. The signers of that manifesto
were Buchanan. Soule and Mason. In 1858 a
proposal was made in the United States sen-
ate to offer Spain $30,000,000 for the island, but
it was withdrawn after being debated.
In 1868 the Spanish revolution led to a rising
of the friends of Cuban independence on the
island and ten years' insurrection was inaugu-
rated. The leader of that movement was Car-
los Manuel Cespedes, who took the field with
a force composed of his own liberated slaves.
He. soon had an army of 12,000 men. The up-
rising took place at Yara, in the district of
Bayamo. Oct. 10 of that year in the city of
Manzanillo independence was declared and a
provisional republic established. Cespedes
was elected president, and among the mem-
bers of the first congress was Tomas Estrada
Palma. second president of the provisional
republic. Among the revolutionary leaders
with Cespedes, besides Modesto Diaz and
Ignacio Agramonte, were Maceo, Maximo
Gomez, Carlos Rolofl and Serafin Sanchez.
These last names will be recognized as those
of men now at the head of the actual revolu-
tionary movement.
The whole eastern end of the island rapidly
came into possession of the new republic.
Oct. 18 Bayamo was captured. Ten days later
Holguin joined the movement and early in
November a strong Spanish force from San-
tiago de Cuba was signally defeated. A num-
ber of the Spanish-American republics at once
accorded the revolutionists belligerent rights.
For eight years Spain poured thousands of
men and millions of money into the island in
an unavailing attempt to crush out the insur-
rection. In November, 1876, in a debate in the
Spanish cortes on the affairs of Cuba, it was
stated that 145,000 soldiers had been sent to
Cuba, and of them not enough remained or
had returned to make a single regiment. In
that year Spain determined to make a last
gigantic effort, and Gen. Martinez Campos, the
"Strong Man of Spain," was sent to Cuba
with Sti.OOO fresh troops. While doing enor-
mous damage to Spain, the revolutionists had
not been able during all this time, owing to
the peculiar character of the warfare, to do
more than hold their own. Both.sides were
weary of the struggle, and by tactful promises,
holding out the hope of autonomy for Cuba.
Campos succeeded in effecting the treaty of
Zanjon. and thus by diplomacy rather tnan
by force of arms put an end to the ten years'
revolution.
The main concession for which the uncon-
quered insurgents accepted peace was the
promise of constitutional reform. As a matter
of fact, there promptly followed four royal
decrees, as follows: June 9, 1878, entitling
Cuba to elect deputies to the cortes, one for
each 40,000 people; June 9, dividing the island
into the present six provinces; June 21, insti-
tuting a system of provincial and municipal
government, followed on Aug. 16 by the
necessary electoral regulations. But the sys-
tem was immediately seen to be the shadow
without the substance of self-government.
The provincial assembly could nominate only
three candidates for presiding officer. It was
the inevitable governor-general who had the
power to appoint, not necessarily one of the
three nominees but any member of the as-
sembly he chose. But all this provincial ma-
chinery was in reality an empty form, since
expressly by law the governor-general was
given the power to prorogue the assemblies at
will. The chief practical result of the long
struggle was the wiping out of slavery in
Cuba. The system of government which ex-
isted before the rebellion of 1868 is still in
vogue. That system comprises: 1. A tariff
which by differential duties forces Cuba to
buy to Spanish advantage and her own disad-
vantage, and sell (with an export duty for
Spain's benefit) where she can. 2. A scheme
of internal taxation laid in crushing weight
on every phase of industrial life. 8. A com-
plete system of control and espionage over
the details of business, with countless fees
and explanations. The body of officers who
execute this universal system of great and
petty interference are too generally black-
mailers who adroitly temper their exactions
to the little wool left on the oft-shorn lamb.
4. The distribution and expenditure of prac-
tically the total collected revenues remains
with Spain. The general result of this policy,
besides imbittering the Cubans, has been to
strain and drain every industry and to dis-
courage new projects and embarrass old ones.
The population of the island is about 2.000,-
000. Upon that population has been fastened
by Spain the enormous debt of $200.000.000. In
addition to this crushing debt of $100 per
capitals added a system of taxation incon-
ceivable in its extent and oppressiveness.
However exaggerated any statement of the
wrongs of the Cubans may seem, the difficulty
really is not how to magnify but how to give
an adequate conception of them. Everything
that a Cuban has or does, or may expect to
have or do, is subject to two taxes at least.
Of the first class some examples may give
an idea, The smallest retail stores are taxed
$300, and for larger stores the tax is greater.
Each and every article in those stores has
paid customs duties at excessive rates. Every
income is taxed. Even clerks in the stores
must pay an income tax of 2J^ per cent of
their salaries, and in addition thereto must
pay further 6 per cent on this income tax to
cover the expense of collecting it Every
social gathering is taxed. There is a tax on
marriages, on funerals, and even on a dinner
party or dance. There is a tax on repairing
houses. There is a tax on every servant kept.
There is a tax for every letter in the signs of
the stores. There are import and export
duties. The duty on American flour is abso-
lutely prohibitory, simply that Spain may dis-
pose in Cuba of an inferior quality, produced
in Spain, at enormous profit. Two years ago.
when the Spanish crops were a failure, cheap
brands of American flour were purchased and
sent to Spain and reshipped to Cuba, the
double freight thereon being added to the
duties. The statement has been frequently
made and, however incredible it may seem,
it is true that the government banks, the
officers of which are of course Spaniards.
have passed out counterfeit money in making
payments. Indeed, so far and to such an ex-
tent this was done that the long-suffering in-
habitants of Havana once nearly rose in
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
95
riot against the abuse. The other class of
taxes it is impossible to estimate, as it consists
of extortions of the government officials,
which are as barefaced as they are incredi-
ble.
No sooner had the peace of 1878 been con-
cluded than plans were considered for the
present rebellion. During the revolution of
1868-78 a boy of 15 was put in chains and kept
at hard labor for alleged seditious writings.
Later he was sent to Spain, but succeeded in
escaping shortly after. He became a man of
great genius in letters, of high intellectual at-
tainments, a poet and a brilliant journalist.
Every move in the great struggle for freedom
in his native land, from which he was an
exile, was watched by him with deepest inter-
est. He foresaw the inevitable outcome of
that struggle and resolved to devote his life
to the perfection of plans which would result
in the attainment of freedom. That man was
Jose Marti.
In 1891 he began to put his well-thought
plans into active execution. Knowing that
the most energetic and patriotic of his fellow-
countrymen had been forced to leave Cuba, he
sought them out in the land of their refuge,
the United States. Others had gone to the
various Spanish-American republics to Ja-
maica, to Haiti, and to Santo Domingo.
Marti visited the principal cities in all of
these countries, forming in each of them
clubs of Cubans, which altogether made up
the Cuban revolutionary party, of which
Marti was president
Enormous sums of money were collected
and placed in his hands for disbursement.
With this money he purchased immense quan-
tities of arms and ammunition, which were
secretly shipped to Cuba and there concealed
until the time should be ripe to declare the
new revolution. The time arrived early in
1896. Feb. 24 Marti gave the signal to proclaim
once more the republic of Cuba. The old flag
adopted in 1868, a triangular blue union, bear-
ing a single star and five stripes, three of red
and two of white, was again hoisted to the cry
of "Cuba libre !" Unfortunately for his plans,
accident had placed the Spaniards in posses-
sion of the knowledge that such an attempt
was to be made. In the province of Matanza
great stores of arms and ammunition were
discovered and forfeited, and the suspected
leaders were kept under strict espionage.
The captain-general, Calleja, put forth
every effort to crush the movement in its in-
ception. How unsuccessfully the columns of
the daily newspapers during the last year, in
spite of the difficulty of obtnining truthful in-
formation and the tremendous efforts made
by Spain and still making to hide from the
world anj; real knowledge of the condition of
events, will show.
Toward the end of February, 1895, Marti
arrived on the island and was nominated by
the revolutionary junta to be the head of the
new revolutionary government, and Gen. Max-
imo Gomez was appointed commander of the
insurgent forces. The insurgents had two
points of rally, one being Matanzas, in the
province of Matanza, on the north coast
of the island, the other being Santiago,
in the province of Santiago de Cuba,
on the extreme southeast coast. In March
the government announced the capture Of
Matanzas. At this time the government
forces on the island consisted of 18,000 regu-
lars, while the insurgent forces were very
closely estimated at about 6,0(10. and of these
about 4.000 were well armed with modern rifles
and revolvers. It is exceedingly difficult to
give a chronology of the events of the war in
Cuba, from the fact that most of the reports
come through Spanish sources and are wholly
unreliable, and also because the insurgents
are not risking their cause In general engage-
ments. The battles, as a rule, are more like
skirmishes than general encounters. During
March the insurgents were defeated near
Bayamo, but later defeated the government
troops. The rebels were defeated at Guan-
tanamo and at Salis, where two of their
leaders were killed. On the other hand, dur-
ing March the rebels won signal successes at
El Cobre and at Holguin. The rebellion was
spreading rapidly in March and the number
under arms was increasing. The extreme
difficulty of policing so large an extent of
coast rendered it possible for the insurgents
to procure arms and ammunition in large
uantities from their friends in the United
talcs and in Mexico.
In April the rebels met defeat at Palmarito.
Ilolgum and Palenque. The rebels won battles
at Ramon de las Yaguas and at minor points
in the east end of the island. Re-enforcements
were weekly arriving from Spain. In May the
rebels pushed the war toward the west, using
the extreme eastern province of Santiago de
Cuba as their base. The point of attack was
Puerto Principe, the chief city of the province
next west of Santiago de Cuba. In May in a
battle near Camaguey the government forces
were defeated and Gen. Echague was
taken prisoner, and they were defeated May
12 in a battle at Jovito. May 20 occurred the
battle near Dos Rios, In which the rebels were
defeated and Marti was killed, the most severe
loss sustained by the insurgent forces since
the uprising. It is claimed with strong
evidence in its favor that Marti was assassi-
nated by a Cuban traitor.
Up to the first of June over 20.000 troops were
sent to Cuba from Spain and 10,000 additional
forces are under orders to sail. The troops,
however, have been of the poorest kind,
being Spanish conscripts, the larger propor-
tion being boys under military age and with-
out discipline, experience or acclimation.
They are, however, fairly well armed and of-
ficered. In June the insurgents pushed the
campaign westward into the province of
Puerto Principe, and as the people of the
province favored the Cuban cause the state
fell into the rebels' hands without much fight-
ing. So completely had the rebels acquired
possession of the two eastern provinces that
Gen. Maceo began the issuance of clearance
gapers to merchaut vessels from the port of
aimanera. The taking of the war to the
west developed the strength of the insurgent
forces. The town of Canasl, west of Matanzas.
was attacked by the rebels, early in June and
the Spanish bands under Gen. Pratt deserted
and went over to the rebels. At that time the
insurgent forces were estimated to number
20,000 men of all arms. In June the cities of
Saledad and Cienfuegos revolted against
Spanish rule and it was reported that "all the
artillery possessed by the Spanish forces in
the eastern departments" had fallen into the
hands of Gen. Maceo. In Spain a dispatch
was received from the captain-general that
14,000 fresh troops were necessary to prosecute
an offensive campaign in Cuba.
Through July and August the military
operations on the island were confined to
skirmishes between the opposing forces, suc-
cess being usually with the insurgents. The
insurgents used the time in perfecting their
political organizations and in preparations
for declaring their independence, in choosing
government officials and in perfecting their
constitution.
On the 23d of September a meeting of the
Cuban provincial delegates was held at Anton
de Puerto Principe, at which the report of the
special committee appointed to draw a consti-
tution was adopted without debate, the funda-
mental laws of the republic were formally
CHICAGO DALLY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896.
proclaimed, and the independence of the
island from Spain solemnly declared.
The provisional government of Gen. Maceo
gave way to this permanent organization:
President Salvador Cisneros of Puerto
Principe.
VIce-President Bartolome Masso of Man-
zanillo.
Secretary of War Carlos Roloff of Santa
Clara.
Assistant Secretary of War Mario Menocal
of Matanzas.
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Rafael Por-
tuendo of Santiago de Cuba.
Assistant Secretary of Foreign Affairs Fer-
mln V. Dominguez of Havana.
Secretary of the Treasury Severa Pina of
Sancti Spiritus.
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Joa-
quin Castillo of Santiago de Cuba.
Secretary of the Interior Santiago J. Sani-
narea of Remedies.
Assistant Secretary of the Interior Carlos
Dubols of Baracoa.
General-in-Chief Maximo Gomez.
Lieutenant-GeneralAntonio Maceo.
The provinces of Santa Clara, Santiago,
Havana, Puerto Principe and Matanza were
all represented in the new government, and
the organization seemed to give general satis-
faction to insurgents and to insurgent sym-
pathizers throughout the island. Jose Maceo,
Maso, Capote, Serapin Sanchez and Suerto
Rodriguez were designated as major-generals.
Following this meeting the declaration of
independence and the constitution adopted
by the insurgents were publicly Issued. They
were as follows:
The revolution for the independence and
creation in Cuba of a democratic republic,
initiated on the 24th of February last, sol-
emnly declares the separation of Cuba from
the Spanish monarchy and its constitution as
a free and independent state, under the name
of Republica de Cuba.
The elected delegates of the revolution, in
convention assembled, acting free from all
violence, anger or prejudice, and inspired
solely by the desire faithfully to interpret the
popular vote in regard to the establishment
of a provisional government, have now formed
a compact between the world and Cuba, and
pledge themselves to the following articles of
the constitution of the new Cuban republic:
Article 1. The supreme power of the re-
public shall be vested in a council composed
of a president, vice-president and four sec-
retaries for the dispatch of business of war,
of the interior, of foreign affairs and of the
treasury.
Art. 2. Every secretary shall have a sub-
secretary, in order to supply any vacancy.
Art. 3. The council of government shall have
power to dictate all measures and dispositions
relative to the civil and political life of the
revolution; to impose and collect taxes; to
contract public loans; to issue paper money;
to appropriate and expend the funds collected
in the island from whatever source, and also
the funds which may be raised abroad; to
grant letters of marque; to raise troops and
to maintain them; to declare reprisals with
respect to the enemy, and to ratify treaties;
to grant authorization, when deeming it con-
venient to do so, for the trial before the civil
courts of the president or any member of the
council of government who may be accused;
to decide all matters which may be brought
before them by any citizen, except those of a
judicial character; to approve the law of mil-
itary organization and the ordinances of the
military servic 
