FHE DAILY NEWS
ALMANAC
REMOTE S .i o.xAGE.
anb |f abor.
LIBRARY
CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME.
University of Illinois.
CLASS.
5IO B\A-
Accession No.
THE DAILY NEWS
ALMANAC
AND
FOR
1899.
COMPILED BY GEO. E. PLUMBE, A. B., LL. B.
FIFTEENTH YEAR.
ISSUED BY
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY.
THE CHICAGO QUARTERLY
OF
THE CHICAGO RKCORD and THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS.
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT CHICAGO. ILL., BY THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS CO.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER ANNUM.
VOL. 6, NO. 2. JANUARY, 1899
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
[Copyright, 1899, by THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS Co.]
PREFACE.
The year 1898 was one of the most interesting and important in the
history of the United States and of the world. It was the year that witnessed
the war between this country and Spain, in which the achievements of our
army and navy astonished the entire world; the destruction of Spanish
sovereignty in the West indies; the loss to Spain of her colonial power in the
Pacific; the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii to the United States; the
first steps in a movement for the dismemberment of China; the rapid growth
of a sentiment among the Jews looking to their return to Palestine; the initial
act having for its object the disarmament of Europe; the disastrous culmina-
tion of the most gigantic wheat speculation in the history of commerce; the
almost total absorption of the continent of Africa by the European powers;
the obliteration of the last remnant of sectional feeling between the northern
and southern portions of this country; the election of a new congress, and
many other less important events that will be lasting in their bearing on our
national history.
THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC for 1899 has made every effort to cover all
these various subjects and to deal with the facts involved in a fair and wholly
impartial manner. The articles on the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, the
Mariana islands and Hawaii are prepared with the purpose of giving the
reader a concise and accurate view of their people, products, trade and com-
merce that will show their present and prospective importance. The section
devoted to the war with Spain deals exclusively with the facts as they have
been established, leaving to general history the speculations and opinions that
have grown out of it.
Much important and valuable statistical matter has been added to the
departments of agriculture, education and finance, while the army and navy
have been given an enlarged space devoted to the increased importance of
these branches of the national government.
The election returns are full, accurate and complete, showing the trend
of political preferences in each of the states and territories, and no pains have
been spared to make THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC for 1899 of permanent value
to its possessors.
January 1, 1899.
ftCMOTC STORAGE
Chicago Daily ISTews -A.lm.anac
1899.
NOTE. The time given In this Almanac Is local mean time, except when otherwise Indicated.
ECLIPSES.
In the year 1899 there will be five eclipses, three of the Sun and two of the Moon.
I. A Partial Kclipse of the Sun. January 11. Invisible here. Visible to the extreme North-
western portion of Alaska, and to the greater portion of the North Pacific Ocean.
II.^A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, June 8. Not visible here; but visible to Great Britain,
.France, Germany. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and all the Polar Regions.
III. A Total Eclipse of the Moon, June 22-23. Invisible here: but visible generally: the
beginning, in the eastern portions of Asia and throughout the Pacific Ocean, and the western
portions of North America; and the end, in Asia, the middle and western Pacific Ocean, and
the eastern portions of Africa.
IV. -An Annular Eclipse of the Sun. December 2. Not visible here. Visible to a portion of
New Zealand, the extreme Southwestern part of Australia, and to a great portion of the South
Pacific and Indian Oceansi The line of Annulus passes almost exactly through the South
Pole.
V. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, December 16, occurring as follows:
STANDARD
Moon enters Penumbra
Moon enters Shadow . . .
Middle of Eclipse
Moon leaves Shadow . . .
Moon leaves Penumbra
EASTERN
16d. 5h. 33m. A.
Kid. 6h. 45m. A.
16d. 8h. 36m. A.
16d. lOh. 7m. A.
16d. llh. 19m. A.
16d. 4h. 33m. A
16d. 5h. 45m. A.
16d, 7h. 20m. A.
16d. 9h. 7m. A.
16d.lOh. 19m. A.
MOUNTAIN
16d. 3h. 33m. A.
16d. 4h. 45m. A.
16d. 6h. 26m. A.
16d. 8h. 7m. A.
PACIFIC
16d. 2h. 33m. A.
16d. 3h. 45m A.
16d. 5h. 2(im. A.
16d. 7h. 7m. A.
16d. 9h. 19m. A. 16d. 8h. 19m. A.
First contact of shadow 66 degrees from North point of the Moon's limb toward the East.
Magnitude ofEclipse 0.996. (Moon's diameter _ 1.0.)
THE FOUR SEASONS.
SEASON.
Begins.
Lasts.
Winter
December 21, 1898, 0:59 P.M
T>. H. M.
, 89 47
Spring
March 20, 1899, 1:46 P.M
92 20 00
Summer .,
June 21, 1899, 9:4ti A.M
. . 93 14 43
Autumn
September 21!, 1899, 0:29 A.M
88 42 27
Winter
December 21, 1899, 6.56 P.M
Common Tear, 365 5 57
February
May
EMBER DAYS.
22, 24, 25 I September
24, 26, 27 | December
20, 22, 23
20, 22, 23
MORNING AND EVENING STARS.
MERCURY will be Morning Star about January 11. May 10, September 5 and December 25;
and Evening Star about March 24 July 22 and November 16.
VENUS will be Morning Star until September 16; and then Evening Star the rest of the
year.
JPPITEH begins as Morning Star and continues as such till April 25, after which he appears
as Evening Star until November 13, and then as Morning Star to the end of the year.
CHURCH DAYS AND CYCLES OF TIME.
Epiphany Jan. 6
Septuageslma Sunday Jan. 29
Sexagesima Sunday Feb. 5
Vuinquagesima Sunday Feb. 12
Ash Wednesday Feb. 15
Quadragesi ma Sunday Feb. 19
Purim Feb. 24
Mid-Lent Sunday Mar. 12
Palm Sunday Mar. 26
Good Friday Mar. 31
Easter Sunday A pr. 2
Low Sundav Apr. 9
Rogation Sunday May 7
AscensionDay May 11
Whit Sunday May 21
Trinity Sunday May 28
Corpus Christ! June 1
Hebrew New Year (5660) Sept. 5
First Sunday in Advent Dec. 3
Christmas Dec. 25
Dominical Letter A
Solar Cycle 4
Lunar Cycle (or Golden Number) 19
Roman Indiction 12
Epact (Moon's Ane, Jan. 1) 18
Julian Period 6612
Year of the World (Septuagint) 7407-7408
Dionyeian Period 228
fHoon's pfjaseg.
1899,
D.
EASTERN TIME.
CENTRAL TIME.
MOUNTAIN TIME.
PACIFIC TIME.
January.
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon....
4
11
18
26
H. M.
10 21 eve.
5 50 eve.
11 36 morn.
2 34 eve.
H. M.
9 2 1 eve.
4 50 eve.
10 36 morn.
1 34 eve.
H. M.
8 21 eve.
3 50 eve.
9 36 morn.
34 eve.
H. M.
7 21 eve.
2 50 eve.
8 36 morn.
11 34 morn.
February
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon....
3
10
17
25
24 eve.
4 32 morn.
8 52 morn.
9 16 morn.
11 24 morn.
3 32 morn.
2 52 morn.
8 16 morn.
10 24 morn.
2 32 morn.
1 52 morn.
7 16 morn.
9 24 morn.
1 32 morn.
52 morn.
616 morn.
March.
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon....
4
11
18
27
11 7 eve.
2 53 eve.
10 24 eve.
1 18 morn.
10 7 eve
1 53 eve.
9 24 eve.
18 morn.
9 7 eve.
53 eve.
8 24 eve.
11 18 eve.*
*26th.
8 7 eve.
11 53 morn.
7 24 eve.
10 18 eve.*
*26th.
o.
Last Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
3
10
17
25
6 56 morn.
1 21 morn.
5 43 eve.
2 22 eve.
5 56 morn.
21 morn.
4 43 eve.
1 22 eve.
4 56 morn.
11 21 eve.*
3 43 eve.
22 eve.
*9th.
3 56 morn.
10 21 eve.*
2 43 eve.
11 22 morn.
9th.
i
Ijast Quarter.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
2
9
17
_T.
31
47 eve.
39 eve.
13 eve.
49 morn.
5 55 eve.
11 47 morn.
11 39 morn.
11 13 morn.
11 49 eve.*
4 55 eve.
*24th.
10 47 morn.
10 39 morn.
10 13 morn.
10 49 eve.*
3 55 eve.
*24th.
9 47 morn.
9 39 morn.
9 13 morn.
9 49 eve.*
2 55 eve.
*24th.
o
a
9
i-s
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
8
Iti
2:*
29
1 20 morn
4 46 morn.
9 20 morn.
11 45 eve.
20 morn.
3 46 morn.
8 20 Biorn.
10 45 eve.
11 20 eve.*
2 46 morn.
7 20 morn.
9 45 eve.
*7th.
10 20 eve.*
1 46 morn.
6 20 morn.
8 45 eve.
*7th.
tj
)-s
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
7
15
22
29
3 Sieve.
6 59 eve.
4 41 eve.
7 42 morn.
2 31 eve.
5 59 eve.
3 41 eve.
6 42 morn.
1 31 eve.
4 59 eve.
2 41 eve.
5 42 morn.
31 eve.
3 59 eve.
1 41 eve.
4 42 morn.
August.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
6
14
20
27
6 48 morn.
6 54 morn,
ll 45 eve
6 57 eve.
5 48 morn.
5 54 morn.
10 45 eve.
5 57 eve.
4 48 morn.
4 54 morn.
9 45 eve.
4 57 eve.
3 48 morn.
3 54 morn.
8 45 eve.
3 57 eve.
September
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
4
12
19
26
10 33 e"ve.
4 49 eve.
7 31 morn.
10 3 morn.
9 33 eve.
3 49 eve.
6 31 morn.
9 3 morn.
8 33 eve.
2 49 eve.
5 31 morn.
8 3 morn.
7 33 eve.
1 49 eve.
4 31 morn.
7 3 morn.
October.
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon. . . .
Last Quarter.
4
12
IS
26
3
10
17
25
2 14 eve.
1 10 morn.
5 5 eve.
4 40 morn.
1 14 eve.
10 morn.
4 5 eve.
3 40 morn.
14 eve.
11 10 eve.*
3 5 eve.
2 40 morn.
*llth.
11 14 morn.
10 10 eve.*
2 5 eve.
1 40 morn.
*llth.
November.
New Moon...
First Quarter
Full Moon
Last Quarter.
5 27 morn.
8 35 morn.
5 19 morn.
1 35 morn.
4 27 morn.
7 35 morn.
4 19 morn.
35 morn.
3 27 morn.
6 35 morn.
3 1 9 morn.
11 35 eve.*
*24th.
2 27 morn.
5 35 morn.
2 19 morn.
10 35 eve.*
*24th.
1 December
New Moon...
First Quarter.
Full Moon...
Last Quarter.
2
9
16
24
7 48 eve.
4 3 eve.
8 31 eve.
10 57 eve.
6 48 eve.
3 3 eve.
731 eve.
9 57 eve.
5 48 eve.
2 3 eve.
6 31 eve.
8 57 eve.
4 48 eve.
1 3 eve.
531 eve.
7 57 eve.
1st MONTH. JANUARY. 31 DAYS.
* .
6
CM
January is named from Janus,
au ancient Roman divinity, and
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,7*.Y., Pa.,
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky.,Mo.,
St. Paul, N. E.
Wis. and Mich.,
OM
S
was added to the Roman Calen-
S.Wls., S.Mich.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
N.E.NewYork,
ttf
>
5"
^E>
dar 713 B. c.
N. 111.. Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or
ft*
AMERICAN BISTORT.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.&S
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&8.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
M. M.
H. M
l
1
St'N.
Slaves emancipated, 1863.
7 29
4 40
9 24
7 19
4 48
9 26
7 40
4 27
024
2
2
Mo.
Bragg defeated, 1862.
7 29
4 40
1024
7 19
4 49
10 24
7 40
428
1025
3
3
Tu.
Battle of Princeton, 1777.
7 29
4 41
11 29
7 19
4 50
11 25
7 40
429
11 31
4
4
We.
Battle of Stone Kiver, 1863.
7 29
4 42
morn
7 19
451
morn
7 40
4 80
morn
5
5
Th.
Arnold burns Richmond, 1781.
7 29
4 43
36
7 19
452
031
7 40
481
41
6
li
Fri.
Great earthquake in N.E.,1663.
7 29
444
1 46
7 19
4 63
1 39
7 40
4 82
1 54
7
7
Sat.
Battle Springneld, Mo., 1863.
7 29
4 45
256
7 19
4 54
2 50
7 40
4 33
3 6
9
8
SIX.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815.
728
4 4(5
4 9
7 19
4 55
4 1
7 40
4 34
4 21
9
;t
Mo.
Kt.Sunbury,Ga., captured, 1779.
728
4 47
5 19
7 19
45(5
5 10
7 39
4 36
5 32
10
10
Tu.
Florida seceded, 1861.
728
4 48
6 23
7 19
457
6 14
7 39
4 37
6 35
11
11
We.
Alabama seceded, 1861.
7 28
449
7 17
7 18
458
7 9
739
4 38
7 29
12
12
Th.
Lincoln's 1 st speech in cg-=,1848.
727
450
sets
7 18
4 59
sets
7 38
4 39
sets
13
13
Fri.
Ft. Fisher attacked, 1865.
727
451
7 22
7 18
5
7 26
7 38
4 40
7 18
14
14
Sat.
Gen. Braddock sails, 1755.
727
4 52
8 42
7 18
5 1
8 45
7 37
4 42
8 40
15
15
SIX.
Ft. Fisher captured, 1865.
7 26
4 54
9 56
7 18
5 2
9 55
7 37
4 43
9 59
16
it;
Mo.
Amnesty bill passed, 1872
7 26
4 55
11 6
7 17
5 3
11 3
7 36
4 44
11 11
17
17
Tu.
Morgan defeats Tarleton,1781.
725
4 56
morn
7 17
5 4
morn
7 35
4 45
morn
18
18
We.
Battle of Frederickstown,1813.
725
457
18
7 16
5 5
13
7 35
4 47
025
19
19
Th.
Battle of Mill Springs, 1862.
7 24
4 58
1 27
7 16
5 6
1 20
7 34
4 48
1 36
20
20
Fri.
Battle of Somerset, N. J., 1777.
724
5
2 31
7 15
5 6
2 24
7 34
4 50
242
21
;_M
Sat.
Jackson enters N.Orleans,l813.
7 23
5 1
3 31
7 15
5 7
3 23
7 33
451
343
22
sex.
Stone fleet sunk Charl'st'n,l861
7 22
5 2
428
7 14
5 8
420
7 32
452
4 41
23
]f;
Mo.
Massacre River Rasin, 1813.
7 22
5 3
5 18
7 14
5 9
5 9
7 31
4 54
5 31
24
24
Tu.
Rhoddy driv'n fr'm Tenh.,1864
721
5 4
6
7 13
5 10
553
7 30
4 55
6 13
25
25
We.
Orizaba taken, 1848.
720
5 6
6 38
7 12
5 11
632
7 29
4 57
649
2(3
21 ;
Th.
Webster's reply to Hayne.1830
7 20
5 7
rises
7 12
5 13
rises
7 28
4 58
rises
27
27
Frl.
New Providence taken, 1778.
7 19
5 8
6 14
7 11
5 14
6 18
727
4 59
6 10
28
Sat.
First nat'l bank at Phila., 1783.
7 18
5 9
7 15
7 10
5 15
7 19
7 26
5 1
7 14
29
J'.t
six.
British take Augusta. Ga., 1779.
7 17
5 11
820
7 10
5 16
821
725
5 2
821
30
:>u
Mo.
Constitution amended, 1865.
7 16
5 12
9 19
7 9
5 18
9 16
7 24
5 4
9 22
31
31
Tu.
Naval battle off ChaiTsfn,1863.
715
5 14
10 24
7 8
5 20
10 21
723
5 5
10 29
sd MONTH. FEBRUARY. as CATS.
Cflfi
k~ ^
d
at
5*
February is named from Roman
divinity Fkbruus(Plnto), or Feb-
rua (Juno), and was added to
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y.,Pa.,
S.Wls. S. Mich.,
St. Louis, 8. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo..
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St.Paul.N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E.NewYork,
H
IN
5"
Roman Calendar about 713 B. c.
N. 111., Ind.. 0.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
a** 1
3
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun Moon
sets. K.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
H.M.
H.M. H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
32
1
We.
Battle of Cowan's Ford, 1781.
7 14
5 1511 33
7 75 21 11 27
7-225 7 11 39
is
2
Th.
Mexican cession of 1848.
7 13
5 16 morn
7 65 22 morn
7 21 5 8 morn
34
Frl.
Battle of Dover. 1862.
7 12
5 17
41
7 6i5 23
33
7 19 5 10 50
85
4
Sat.
Clinton reaches N. Y., 1776.
7 10
5 19
1 50
7 5
5 24
1 43
7 18i5 11! 2 2
86
37
SiSfX.
6 Mo.
Med'ling w'hsl'v'ry ill'gal,1836
Treaty with France. 1778.
7 9
7 8
5 20
5 21
2 59
4 4
7 4
7 3
5 26
5 27
2 50
3 56
7 17 ! 5 13! 3 11
7 16 5 14 4 17
38
7
Tu.
Jeff Davis' case dismissed. 1869.
7 7
5 22
5 1
7 2
5 28
453
7 14 5 16| 5 13
39
40
q
We.
Th.
Conf'derate gov't formed, 1861.
Conf 'derate congress met, 1861
7 6
7 5
5 24
5 25
548
6 29
7 1
6 59
5 29
5 30
542
622
7 13 5 17 5 59
7 11 5 19 6 37
41
10 Fri.
Battle Ilornet & Resolute, 1813.
7 3
5 26
sets
6 58
5 31
sets
7 10 5 20i sets
42
11 Sat.
Lincoln left for Wash'n, 1861.
7 2
5 28
732
6 57
:, :r_>
7 32
7 85 211 7 33
43
12,Stx.
First fugitive slave law, 1793.
7 1
5 29
8 42
6 5615 33
8 40
7 7 5 23 8 45
44
13, Mo.
Massacre of Glencoe, 1691.
6 59
5 30
958
(5 54 5 35
9 54
7 5 5 24 10 3
45
14jTu.
Pickens routs the British, 1778.
6 57
5 32
11 11
65353611 3
7 45 26 11 19
46
47
15 We.
16 Th.
Battleship Maine destr'd, 1898.
Hessian troops hired, 1776.
6 57
6 5r>
5 33
5 34
morn
18
>6 52 5 37 morn
6 51 5 39 12
7 25 27
7 05 29
morn
28
48
17
Fri.
Treaty of Ghent ratified, 1815.
6 54
5 35
1 22
6 50 5 40
1 14
ii .v,i .-, ::o
1 34
49
18
Sat.
Lee com. -In-chief, 1864.
6 53
5 37
2 21
6 49 5 41
2 12
>< 67 .' 93
2 33
50
19 srx.
First nat'l thanksgiving, 1795.
6 51
5 38
3 14
6 47 5 42
3 6
c, :.c, :, :;:;
3 27
51
20
Mo.
Braddock arrives in Va., 1755.
6 50
5 39
3 59
6 46 5 43
3 51
6 54 5 35
4 11
52
21
Tu.
Silver rcmonetized, 1878.
6 4H
5 40
439
6 45 5 44
432
6 .vj 5 ::<;
4 51
53
22
We.
Battle of Ogdensburg, 1813.
li 47
5 42
512
6 44 5 45
5 5
6 51 5 38
5 22
54
23
Th.
Battle of Buena Vista, 1847.
6 45
5 43
5 41
6 42 5 46
5 35
6 49 5 39
5 49
55
24
Fri.
Johnson impeached, 1868.
6 44
5 44
6 6
6 41 5 47
6 2
6 48 5 41
6 10
5(5
57
25 Sat.
2ti srx.
Conscription bill passed, 1863.
Nashville surrendered, 1862.
6 42
6 41
5 45
5 47
rises
7 10
6 39 5 48
6 37 5 49
rises
7 9
6 46 ."> 42 rises
i; 1 1 :. 43. 7 12
58
59
27 Mo.
28 Tu.
Battle of Morris Neck. 1776.
Pri vate'r Nashville dest'd.lRft!
6 39 5 48 8 16
6 37 5 49' 9 23
6 35 5 50 8 13 6 42 5 45| 8 20
6 34 5 51 9 18 1(5 41 5 46 9 30
8d MONTH. MARCH. 31 DAYS.
KJJ
c
H
M
March was named from Mars,
the god of war. It was the
first month of the Roman year.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich..
N. 111., Ind.. O.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky.,Mo.,
Kan., Co ., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
O
C
Q
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun Sun
Moon
AHERICAX HISTORY.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rises
sets.
R.& S.
60
1
We.
Articl's of confed. ratifl'd, 1781
6 '35
H.M.
5 51
H. M.
10 32
H.M.
6 32
S'fe
H. M.
10 25
H.M.
6 3S
H.M.
5 48
H. M.
10 41
61
2
Th.
Grant made lieut.-gen., 1864.
6 34
5 52
11 39
6 31
5 54
11 33
6 36
5 49
11 50
62
3
Fri.
Battle of Brier Creek. 1779.
6 32
5 53
morn
6 29
5 55
morn
6 34
5 51
morn
63
4
Sat.
First congress met, 1789.
6 30
5 54
047
6 2*
5 56
038
6 33
5 52
59
64
5
SUX.
Boston massacre, 1770.
6 2S
;> 55
1 52
6 27
5 57
143
6 31
5 54
2 5
65
6
Mo.
Battle of Pea Ridge, 1862.
6 27
5 57
2 50
6 26
5 5S
2 41
6 29
5 55
3 2
66
7
Tu.
Bible society formed, 1804.
6 25
5 58
3 40
6 24
5 59
333
6 27
5 56
3 52
67
8
We.
Stamp act passed, 1776.
6 24
5 59
422
6 22
6 1
4 14
6 25
5 5S
431
68
9
Th.
Monitor-Merrlmac battle. 1862.
6 22
6
456
li 21
6 2
450
ti 23
5 59
5 3
69
10
Fri.
McOlel'ii crosses Potomac , Hi:;
620
6 1
5 25
6 19
6 3
5 22
6 21
6 1
529
70
11
Sat.
Confed. constit'n adopted, 1861.
6 18
6 2
5 51
6 17
6 4
5 51
6 19
6 2
5 52
71
12
SUN.
Grant made com.-in-chief,186i
6 17
6 4
sets
6 16
6 5
sets
ti 17
6 3
sets
72
13
Mo.
Red river expedition, 1864.
6 15
6 5
845
6 14
6 6
8 40
6 15
6 4
8 53
73
14
Tu.
Newbern captured, 1862.
6 13
6 6
9 58
6 13
6 7
9 51
6 14
6 6
10 7
74
15
We.
Island No. 10 bombarded, 1861.
6 12
6 7
11 5
6 11
6 7
10 58
6 12
6 7
11 16
75
16
Th.
Battle of Guilford, 1781.
6 10
6 8
morn
6 10
6 8
11 59
6 10
6 8
morn
76
17
Fri.
Boston evacuated, 1776.
6 8
6 9
7
6 8
6 9
morn
6 8
6 9
19
77
18
Sat.
Stamp act repealed, 1776.
6 6
6 10
1 5
6 7
610
057
6 6
6 11
1 18
78
19
SUX.
The Oregon left S. F.. 1898.
6 5
6 12
1 53
6 5
6 11
1 45
6 4
6 12
2 5
79
20
Mo.
Washington ent'rs Boston,1776
6 3
6 13
2 36
6 3
6 12
2 29
6 2
6 14
2 48
80
21
Tu.
Battle of Henderson, 1864.
6 1
6 14
3 12
6 2
6 13
3 3
6
6 15
3 22
81
22
We.
Stamp act signed, 1765.
5 59
6 15
3 42
6
6 11
336
5 58
6 16
351
82
23
Th.
Battle of Winchester, 1862.
5 58
6 16
4 9
5 58
6 15
4 4
5 56
6 17
4 14
83
24
Fri.
Attack on Peekskill, 1777.
5 56
6 17
4 30
5 57
6 16
427
5 55
6 19
4 35
84
* ' ")
Sat.
Hudson river discovered. 1609.
5 54
6 18
4 52
5 55
6 17
451
5 53
6 20
4 54
85
26
srx.
Forrest beat'n atPaducah.1864
5 52
6 19
5 18
5 54
ti 18
5 19
5 51
6 21
5 18
86
27
Mo.
Tanning, Tex., massacre, 1836.
5 51
(i 20
rises
5 52
ti 19
rises
5 49
6 22
rises
87
2S
Tu
Seminole treaty, 1833.
5 49
6 22
8 22
551
ti 20
8 15
5 47
6 24
8 30
88
29
We.
Vera Cruz capitulates, 1847.
5 47
6 2:,
930
5 49
6 21
923
5 45
6 25
9 41
89
30
Th.
Battle of Somerset, Ky., 1863.
5 45j6 24
10 39
5 47
6 22
19 32
5 43
6 27
10 51
90
31
Fri.
Treasury bldgs. burned 1833.
5 44I625H1 45
5 46
li 23
11 36
5 41
628
11 57
4tli MONTH. APRIL. 3O DAYS.
s
6
2
og
April was named from apriere
(to open), the season when buds
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va.,Ky.,Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.
St. Paul, N. E.
Wls. and Mich.
N.E. New York,
<"
j
t-te
open.
N. III., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
ft
C
^f
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AMERICAN HISTORY.
rises
sets.
R.& S.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rises
sets.
H.& 8.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
91
1
Sat.
Battle Five Forks, 1865.
r, 43
i 26
morn
5 45
6 24
morn
5 40
6 29
morn
92
2
SUN.
Battle at Selma, Ala., 1865.
5 41
6 27
044
5 43
6 25
35
5 38
6 30
57
93
3
Mo.
Richmond evacuated, 1865.
5 40
6 28
1 35
5 41
6 26
1 27
5 37
6 32
1 47
94
4
Tu.
First newspaper in U. S., 1704.
5 3S
6 30
2 18
5 40
6 27
2 11
6 33
2 28
95
5
We.
Yorktown besieged, 1862.
5 36
6 31
2 55
5 38
6 28
2 48
5 33
6 34
3 2
96
6
Th.
1st house of rep.organiz'd,178&.
5 34
6 32
3 25
5 37
6 29
3 21
5 31
6 35
3 30
97
7
Fri.
Battle of Shiloh, 1862.
5 33
6 33
3 51
535
6 30
3 48
5 29
li 36
3 53
98
8
Sat.
Island No. 10 taken, 1862.
5 31
6 34
4 19
5 33
6 30
4 21
5 28
6 37
4 19
99
9
SUN.
Lee surrendered, 1865.
5 29
6 35
4 47
5 32
6 31
4 51
5 26
6 39
4 46
100
10
Mo.
Battle of Ft. Pulaski, 1862.
5 2S
6 36
sets
5 30
6 32
sets
5 24
640
sets
101
11
Tu.
Ft. Sumter bombarded. 186L
5 26
6 37
8 44
5 29
6 33
8 38
5 22
6 41
8 55
102
12
We.
Ft. Pillow massacre. 1864.
5 24
l 3S
9 50
5 27
6 34
9 43
5 20
643
10 2
103
13
Th.
Ft. Sumter surrendered, 1861.
5 23
6 40
10 50
5 26
6 35
1042
5 19
6 44
11 3|
104
14
Fri.
Battle of Monks' Corners, 1780.
5 21
6 41
11 44
5 24
6 36
11 36
5 17
6 46
11 56'
105
15
Sat.
Lincoln dies, 1865,
5 20
(i 42
morn
5 23
6 37
morn
5 15
6 47
morn
106
Iti
srx.
Porter passed Vicksburg, 1863.
5 18
6 43
029
5 22
6 38
022
5 13
648
041
107
17
Mo.
Death of Franklin, 1790.
5 16
6 44
1 8
5 20
6 39
1 2
5 11
649
1 19
108
18
Tu.
Ride of Paul Revere, 1775.
5 15
6 45
1 42
5 19
6 40
1 35
5 10
6 51
1 51
109
19
We.
Battle of Lexington, 1775.
5 13
ti 46
2 10
5 17
6 41
2 4
5 8
6 52
2 17
110
20
Th.
Lee resigns U. S. A., 1861.
5 12
6 47
2 32
5 16
6 42
2 29
5 6
6 53
2 38
111
21
Fri.
Spanish-Amer.war began. 1898.
5 10
(i 48
2 55
5 15
6 43
2 53
5 4
6 54
2 57
112
22
Sat.
Paul Jones at Whitehav'n,1778
5 9
6 50
3 20
5 13
6 44
3 20
5 3
( 55
3 21|
113
23
srx.
Call for 125.0UO men. 1S<)8.
5 76 51
3 42
5 12
6 45
3 44
5 1
6 57
3 41
114
24
Mo.
Ranger takes the Drake. 177S.
5 66 52
4 5
5 11
6 46
4 9
5
6 58
4 2
115
25
Tu.
U.S. land office estab'sh'd, 1812.
5 4 (i 53
rises
5 9
6 47
rises
4 58
6 59
rises
lie
2(1
We.
New Orleans taken, 1862.
5 36 54
8 27
5 8
6 4S
8 20
4 56
7
8 38
117
27
Th.
Habeas corpus suspend'd,18(il.
5 1 6 55
9 36
5 7
6 49
9 27
4 55
7 2
9 48
118
2^
Fri.
Battle of Saugntuck riv'r, 1777.
506 56
10 39
5 6
6 50
10 30 4 53
7 3
10 51
119 29 Sat.
Md. d'cides ag'nst seccs'n, n .8i;i.
4 59 (i 57 11 32
5 4
6 51 11 24 4 52 7 5 11 44
120 ! 30 SUX.
Washington inaugurated. 1789.
4 57 6 59 morn 5 3iti 52 morn 4 50:7 -.6 morn
5tliMOXTH. MAY. 31 DAYS.
h -
d
S,,-
May is from the Latin Mains,
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N.Y., Pa.,
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., MO.,
St. Paul, N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
<
^ w w
the growing month.
S.Wis., S. Mich.
Kan., Col., Cal..
N.E. New York,
< H
< 55
N. 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
PT
A
er
Sun Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
AMERICAN HISTORY.
rlses:sets.
B.& S.
rises
sets.
U.& S.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
H.M.IH.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
121
i
Mo.
Dewey's" victory, 1898.
4 56
6 58
17
5 2
(5 53
11
4 49
7 6
28
122
2
Tu.
Battle of Chancellorsville, 18(53
454
7
056
5 1
(i 54
049
4 47
7 7
1 4
123
3
We.
First call for 3-year men, 18(51.
4 53
7 1
1 27
4 59
6 55
1 23
4 46
7 9
1 33
124
4
Th.
Grant crosses the Kapid'n,1864
4 52
7 2
1 54
4 58
6 56
1 52
4 44
7 10
1 56
126
5
Fri.
Yorktown evacuated, 18(52.
4 50
7 3
2
4 57
6 57
2 20
4 43
7 11
221
126
(i
Sat.
Ark. and Tenn. secede, 1861.
449
7 4
2 49
4 5(5
6 58
2 51
4 42
7 12
248
127
7
Sl'N.
Baton Rouge, La.,capt'r'd,18G2
448
7 5
3 15
4 55
6 59
3 19
4 40
7 13
3 12
128
8
Mo.
Battle of Palo Alto, 1846.
4 47
7 6
3 45
4 54
7
3 52
4 39
7 15
3 39
129
9
Tu.
Battle of Kesaca. Mex., 1840.
4 46
7 7
4 20
4 53
7 1
4 2(5
4 37
7 16
4 11
130
10
We.
Jeff. Davis captured. 18(55.
4 44
7 8
sets
4 52
7 2
sets
4 36
7 17
sets
131
11
Th.
Battle of Charl'st'u Neck,1779.
4 43
7 9
933
451
7 3
9 25
4 35
7 18
9 45
132
12
Fri.
Crown Point taken, 1775.
4 42
7 11
10 22
4 50
7 4
10 14
4 34
7 19
1034
133
13
Sat.
War declar'd ag'nst Mex., 1840
4 41
7 12
11 5
4 49
7 5
10 58
4 32
7 21
11 16
134
14
SUN.
Cape Cod discovered. 1602.
4 40
7 13
1141
4 48
7 5
11 34
4 31
7 22
11 50
135
15
Mo.
Ft. Granby taken, 1781.
4 39
7 14
morn
447
7 6
morn
430
7 23
morn
136
16
Tu.
Lincoln nominated, 18(50.
4 38
7 15
11
4 4(5
7 7
4
4 29
7 24
19
137
17
We.
First national fast, 177(5.
4 37
7 16
35
4 46
7 8
31
4 28
725
41
138
18
Th.
Grant invests Vicksburg, 1863.
4 36
7 17
58
4 45
7 9
55
4 27
7 26
1
139
19
Fri.
The "dark day," 1780.
435
7 18
1 17
4 44
7 10
1 17
426
727
1 18
140
20
Sat.
Mecklenburg declaration, 1577.
434
7 19
1 44
4 43
7 11
1 46
4 25
7 28
1 43
141
L'l
srx.
Ft. Galphin taken, 1781.
433
7 20
2 7
4 43
7 11
2 10
4 24
7 29
2 4
142
')>
Mo.
Brooks assaults Sumner, 1850.
4 33
721
2 32
4 42
7 12
237
423
730
2 27
143
I'll
Tu.
Settlem'nt at Jamestown, 1607.
432
7 22
3 2
4 41
7 13
3 9
423
731
2 54
144
24
We.
Banks evac's Strasburg, 18*52.
431
7 22
341
4 41
7 14
348
4 22
7 32
3 32
145
26
Th.
Battle of Spottsylvania, 1864.
4 30
7 23
rises
4 40
7 14
rises
4 21
7 33
rises
146
Fri.
Last confeds. surrender, 1805.
4 29
7 24
9 25
4 39
7 15
9 16
4 20
7 34
9 37
147
27
Sat.
Fts. Erie & George aban'd,1813.
4 29
7 25
10 14
4 39
7 16
10 8
419
7 35
1026
148
28
SUN.
Battle of Dallas, Ga., 1804.
429
7 26
10 55
438
7 16
1049
419
736
11 5
149
29
Mo.
Battle of Waxhaw, 1780.
4 28
727
1130
437
7 17
11 25
418
7 37
11 36
150
80
Tu.
Corinth taken, 1862.
427
728
11 57
4 37
7 18
11 54
4 17
7 38
morn
151
31
We.
Battle of Fair Oaks, 1862.
4 27
7 29
morn
4 36
7 19
morn
4 16
7 39
1
6th MONTH. JUNE. . 30 DAYS.
<
6
$
AY OF
7E.KK.
June traced to Juno, the queen
of heaven, who was thought to
preside over marriages.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N.Y., Pa.,
S. Wis.,8 Mich.
N. 111., Ind. O.
8t Louis, S 111..
Va , Ky., Mo.,
Kan , Col., Cal..
Ind., Ohio
St Paul, N.E.
Wis and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn , Or.
a**
C,
AMERICAS BISTORT.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
Moon
K.& S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.&S.
H M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M
H.M
H. M.
152
1
Th.
Battle of Cold Harbor, 1864.
1 2(5
7 29
23
i 36
7 20
21
4 1(5
7 40
025
J 53
2
Fri.
Battle Lake Champlain, 1813.
I 20
7 30
54
1 36
7 20
56
4 15
7 40
053
164
8
Sat.
Merrimac sunk, Santiago, 1898.
4 26
7 31
1 18
4 35
721
1 21
4 15
7 41
1 15
155
4
SIX.
Ft. Pillow evacuated, 1802.
4 25
7 31
1 46
4 85
7 22
1 51
4 14
7 42
1 40
156
5
Mo.
Battle of Piedmont, 1864.
4 25
7 32
2 18
4 35
7 22
2 26
4 14
7 43
2 11
157
8
Tu.
Confeds. sur. Memphis, 1862.
424
7 33
2 57
4 85
7 23
3 3
4 14
7 44
2 48
158
7
We.
Fenians raid Canada, 1866.
4 24
7 33
3 41
4 34
7 23
3 49
4 13
7 44
3 31
1 59
8
Th.
Battle of Chattanooga. 1802.
4 24
7 34
sets
434
7 24
sets
4 13
7 45
sets
160
9
Fri.
Battle of Big Bethel, 1861.
4 24
7 34
9 1
4 34
7 24
8 54
4 13
7 46
9 13
161
1(1
Sat.
War d'cl'd ag'nst Tripoli, 1801.
4 23
7 35
939
4 34
7 25
933
4 13
7 46
949
162
11
srx.
Walker lands in Nirar'g'a,isftf>
4 23
7 35
10 11
4 34
7 25
10 4
4 12
7 47
10 20
163
12
Mo.
Grant cros. Chickah'ininy, 1864
423
7 36
10 37
4 34
7 25
10 33
4 12
7 47
10 44
164
13
Tu.
Fugitive slave law rep'l d.1803.
4 23
7 36
11
4 34
7 2(5
10 58
412
7 48
11 5
166
14
We.
National fhig adopted, 1777.
4 23
7 37
11 22
4 34
7 2(5
11 20
4 12
7 48
11 24
166
15
Th.
Wasn't) takes command, 1775.
4 23
7 37
11 45
434
7 26
11 46
4 12
7 48
11 44
1(17
16
Fri.
Mississippi discovered. 1093.
4 23
7 37
morn
4 34
7 27
morn
4 12
7 49
morn
168
17
Sat.
Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.
4 23
7 38
9
4 34
7 27
11
4 12
7 49
7
169
18
srx.
Can. evuc't'dby Ain'ric'ns.1776
4 24
7 38
032
4 34
7 27
036
4 12
7 50
028
170
19
Mo.
Wardecl'd ag'nst Kngl'd, 1812.
4 24
7 39
59
4 34
7 28
1 6
4 12
7 50
53
171
20
Tu.
Battle of Stony Ferry, 1779.
4 24
7 39
1 33
4 34
7 28
1 40
4 12
7 50
1 26
172
21
We
U. S. A. reaches Santiago. 1898
4 24
7 39
2 16
4 34
7 28
2 23
4 12
7 50
2 6
178
22
Th.
Ewell crosses Potomac, 1868.
4 24
7 39
3 8
4 35
7 28
3 17
4 13
7 51
2 58
174
23
Fri
Great Eastern at N. Y., 1800.
4 25
7 39
rises
4 35
7 29
rises
4 13
7 51
rises
175
24
Sat.
Battle of Sevilla, 1898.
4 25
7 89
8 51
4 35
7 29
8 44
4 13
7 51
9 2
176
''5
srx.
Custer massacre, 1876.
i 25
7 39
9 30
4 35
7 29
9 23
4 13
7 51
9 38
177
26
Mo.
Seven days' battles began. 18(52
4 20
7 39
10
4 36
7 29
9 56
4 14
7 51
10 5
178
"7
Tu.
Morm'nsmobb'd.Cnrth'gc. is.">7
4 26
7 39110 27
4 36
7 29
10 25
4 14
7 51
10 29
179
28
We.
1st coloni'l assembly m'ts, 1619
4 26
7 39110 55
4 30
7 29
10 57
4 15
7 51
10 56
180
181
29
30
Th.
Fri.
Howe reaches Sandy Ho'k,1776
Guiteau hanged, 1882.
4 27
4 27
7 39 11 23
7 3911 49
4 37
4 37
7 29 11 26
7 29U1 54
4 15
4 16
7 51
751
11 21
11 45
7 til MONTH. JULY. 81 DATS.
11
6
z
S*
H
July named In honor of Julius
Caesar.who was born on the 12th
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y., Pa.,
S.Wl8.,S.Mich.,
St. Louis, 8. 111..
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St.Paul.N.E.
Wls.and Mich,
N.B. New York,
^H
<K*
t-
x
> -
'--
of July.
N I1L, Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
5*
Q^
ASEBICAlf HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&s.
H M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
182
1
Sat.
Battle of San Juan, 1898.
428
7 39
morn
1 3X
7 29
morn
4 17
7 50
morn
188
2
SUN.
Garfleld assassinated, 1881.
4 28
7 39
20
4 38
7 29
27
4 17
7 50
13
184
3
Mo.
Cervera's fleet destroyed. 1898.
4 29
7 39
57
4 39
7 29
1 3
4 18
7 49
48
180
4
Tu.
Vicksburg surrendered, 1863.
4 29
7 39
1 38
439
7 28
1 45
4 19
749
1 28
186
5
We.
Battle of Carthage, Mo.. 1861.
4 30
7 38
2 25
4 40
7 28
233
4 20
7 49
2 15
187
6
Th.
Battle of Jamestown, 1781.
4 30
7 38
3 17
4 40
7 28
3 25
4 20
7 48
3 7
188
7
Fri
Hawaii annexed to U. 8.. 1898.
4 31
7 38
4 13
4 41
7 28
4 20
4 21
7 48
4 3
188
8
Sat.
Wash'n chosen as capital, 1792
4 32
7 37
sets
4 41
7 27
sets
421
747
sets
190
9
>IN
Surrender of Pt. Hudson, 1863.
433
7 37
841
4 42
7 27
835
4 22
747
849
191
10
Mo.
Fr'nch allies land, N'port,1780.
434
7 36
9 5
4 43
7 27
9 2
4 23
746
9 10
19'2
11
Tu.
Battle of Rich Mountain, 1861.
4 34
7 36
928
4 43
7 26
9 25
4 24
7 46
9 30
193
12
We.
Norwalk, Conn., burned, 1779.
4 35
7 35
948
4 44
7 26
9 48
4 24
7 45
9 49
194
13
Th.
Draft riots in N. Y.. 1863.
4 36
735
10 13
4 45
7 25
10 15
4 25
7 45
10 11
195
14
Fri.
Battle of Carrick's Ford, 1861.
4 37
7 34
10 34
445
7 25
1037
4 26
744
10 32
198
15
Sat.
Battle of Baylor's Farm, 18C4.
437
7 33
10 59
4 46
7 24
11 4
4 27
7 43
1054
197
16
8CS.
Wayne takes Stony Point,1779.
4 38
7 33
11 29
447
7 24
11 37
4 28
7 42
11 22
198
17
Mo.
Santiago surrendered, 1898.
4 39
7 32
morn
447
7 23
morn
4 29
7 42
11 59
199
is
Tu.
Maximilian shot, 1867.
4 40
731
7
4 48
7 23
15
4 30
741
morn
200
19
We.
Morgan defeated, 1863.
4 41
731
53
4 49
7 22
1 2
431
7 40
043
201
20
Th.
Confed. cong. Richmond, 1861.
4 42
7 30
1 50
449
7 21
1 58
4 32
7 39
1 39
202
21
Fri.
Battle of Bull Run, 1861.
4 43
7 29
2 57
4 50
7 21
3 5
4 33
7 38
2 47
203
22
Sat.
Gen. McClell'n takes com.,1861
4 44
7 28
rises
4 51
7 20
rises
4 34
737
rises
204
23
Sl'N.
Gen. Grant dies, 1885.
4 45
7 27
7 59
4 51
7 19
7 53
4 35
7 36
8 6
20.-.
24
Mo.
Mormons arrive in Utah, 1847.
4 45
727
828
4 52
7 18
8 26
4 3li
7 35
832
206
-'.->
Tu.
Battle of Lundy's Lane, 1814.
4 46
7 26
8 56
453
7 18
8 56
4 37
7 34
8 57
207
21 ;
We.
Halleck sup's McClel Ian, 1862.
4 47
7 25
927
4 54
7 17
929
4 38
7 33
9 26
20V
27
Th.
Atlantic cable laid, 1866.
4 48
7 24
9 54
4 55
7 16
9 58
4 40
7 32
9 51
209
US
Fri.
Ponce, Puerto Rico.taken, 1898
4 49
7 22
10 23
4 55
7 15
1030
4 41
7 31
1017
210
29
Sat.
The Alabama starts out, 1862.
450
7 21
1057
4 56
7 15
11 4
4 42
7 30
1050
211
fill
SON.
Petersb'g mine explod'd, 1864.
451
7 20
11 38
4 57
7 14
11 45
4 43
7 29
11 28
212
31
Mo.
Battle of Malate, 1898.
4 52
7 19
morn
4 59
7 13
morn
4 44
7 27
morn
8tli MONTH. AUGUST. 31 DAYS.
AT OP I
r M: 1
6
5S
t-
K
5JH
August was named in honor
of Augustus Caesar, he having
been made consul in this month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N. Y.,Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.,
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N. E.
Wls.and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
or
Q
ft*
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.iS.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun Moon
sets.! R.& 8
H.M.
H.M.
H. M. IH.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
213
1
Tu.
Clerm'nt'strip on Huds'n, 1807
4 53
718
023
5
7 11
031
4 46
7 26
13
214
2
We.
Battle of Ft. Stephenson, 1813.
4 54
7 17
1 12
6 1
7 10
121
4 47
7 24
1 2
215
3
Th.
Col'mbus sails from Sp'n, 1492.
4 55
7 16
2 8
5 3
7 9
216
448
7 23
1 58
216
4
Fri.
Col. Isaac Hayne hane'd, 1781.
4 56
7 14
3 5
5 4
7 8
3 12
4 49
722
2 56
217
5
Sat.
Farrag'tent'rs M'bile Day. 1864
4 58
7 13
4 3
5 5
7 7
4 10
4 50
7 21
3 56
218
6
sex.
Ram Arkansas explod'd, 1862.
4 59
7 12
sets
5 5
7 5
sets
4 51
7 19
sets
219
7
Mo.
Lafayette departs, 1825.
5
7 11
7 34
5 6
7 4
7 31
4 52
7 18
737
220
8
Tu.
Battle of Mackinaw, 1814.
5 1
7 9
7 54
5 7
7 3
7 53
4 53
7 17
7 56
221
9
We.
Battle of Cedar Mount'n. 1862.
5 2
7 8
820
5 8
7 2
8 22
4 54
715
8 19
222
10
Th.
Battle of Wilson Creek, 1861.
5 3
7 7
840
5 9
7 1
8 43
4 55
7 14
8 38
223
11
Fri.
Bat.Sulphur Bridge Sps., 1864.
5 4
7 6
9 3
5 10
6 59
9 8
457
7 12
8 59
224
12
Sat.
Spanish protocol signed, 1898.
5 5
7 4
931
5 10
6 58
938
4 58
7 11
9 24
225
13
SI'S.
Manila surrendered. 1898.
5 6
7 2
10 6
5 11
6 57
10 12
459
7 9
9 58
226
14
Mo.
Death of Farragut, 1870.
5 7
7 1
1046
5 12
655
10 53
5
7 7
1036
227
15
Tu.
Lafayette visits the U. S..1824.
5 8
6 59
11 36
5 13
6 54
11 45
5 1
7 6
11 26
22*
16
We.
Battle of Bennington. 1777.
5 9
(i 58
morn
5 14
6 53
morn
5 3
7 4
morn
229
17
Th.
Anti-Neb, con. Saratoga, 1854.
5 10
6 56
36
5 15
li 52
45
5 4
7 3
26
230
IS
Fri.
Panic of 1873 began.
5 11
6 55
1 46
5 16
650
1 54
5 5
7 1
1 38
231
19
Sat.
Battle of Bluelicks, Ky., 1782.
5 12
6 53
3 3
5 17
6 49
3 9
5 6
6 59
2 55
232
20
SUN.
Battle of Fallen Timb'rs, 1794.
5 14
li 52
423
5 18
6 48
4 28
5 8
6 57
4 18
233
21
Mo.
Lawrence, Kas.. sacked, 1863.
5 15
650
rises
5 19
6 46
rises
5 9
6 56
rises
234
22
Tu.
Att'ck on Ft. Sumter rep., 1863.
5 16
6 49
7 28
5 20
6 45
7 29
5 11
6 54
7 28
235
23
We.
Ft. Morgan surrenders, 1864.
5 17
6 47
7 55
5 21
6 43
7 58
5 12
6 52
7 53
23I>
21
Th.
British capt're Washing'n.1814
5 18
6 46
8 23
5 22
6 42
828
5 13
6 50
8 18
237
25
Fri.
Battle Ream's Station, 1864.
5 19
6 44
8 58
5 22
6 40
9 5
5 14
6 48
851
238
26
Sat.
Stamp-act riot Boston, 1768.
5 20
6 42
937
5 23
6 39
9 43
5 16
647
928
239
27
SI'S.
Battle of Long Island, 1776.
5 21
6 41
1021
5 24
li 38
10 29
5 17
6 45
10 11
240
2S
Mo.
Post-carserv.C.&N. W.Ry. 1864
5 22
6 39
11 9
5 25
li 36
11 17
5 18
6 43
10 59
241
29
Tu.
Second battle Bull Run, 1SS.
5 23
6 38
morn
5 2l!
6 34
morn
5 19
6 41
11 54
242
:;i)
We.
Americ'ns evacuate R. I., 1778.
5 24
6 3t!
3
527
6 33
11
5 20
6 39
morn
L 243
31
Th.
French fleet arrives, 1781.
525
634
059
528
631
1 6
5 22
638
050
eth MOUTH. SEPTEMBER. so DATS.
*4
6
S
\t
September, from Septem (sev-
enth), as It was the seventh
Roman month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,^T.Y., Pa.,
S.Wls., 8. Mich.
N. 111., Ind., O.
St. Louis, 8. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo..
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
0*
Q
AMERICAS HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
K.&S
H.M.
H.M
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M
244
1
Fri.
Battle of Chantilly, 1862.
5 25
6 33
1 56
5 29
6 30
2 4
5 22
037
1 49
245
2
Sat.
Atlanta surrenders, 1864.
5 26
ti 32
2 57
5 30
6 28
3 3
5 23
(i 35
2 51
246
3
SUN.
Treaty peace, U.S. &G. B..1783.
5 27
li 30
3 58
5 31
6 27
4 2
5 24
ti 33
3 55
247
4
Mo.
Gen. Morgan killed, 1864.
5 28
ti 2S
4 58
5 32
6 25
5 2
5 25
6 31
4 57
248
5
Tu.
Lee invades Maryland, 1862.
529
6 27
sets
5 32
t! 21
sets
5 27
6 30
sets
249
(i
We.
Mayflower sails, 1620.
5 30
6 25
647
5 34
li 22
6 50
5 28
ti 2S
6 46
250
7
Th.
Ft. Wayne captured. 1863.
5 32
6 23
7 9
5 35
ti 20
7 13
5 29
(i 26
7 5
251
8
Fri.
Battle of Molinodel Rey,1847.
5 33
6 22
735
5 36
6 19
7 41
5 30
ti 24
730
252
S)
Sat.
Geneva award paid, 1873.
5 34
6 20
8 6
537
6 17
8 14
5 31
(i 22
7 59
253
10
Sl'X.
Perry's vict. in Lake Erie, 1813
5 35
6 18
845
538
6 16
8 52
5 33
6 20
836
254
11
Mo.
Battle of Brandy wine, 1777.
5 36
6 16
930
5 39
6 14
9 39
5 34
6 18
920
255
12
Tu.
Battle of Chapultepec, 1841.
5 37
6 14
10 25
5 39
6 13
10 34
5 35
6 16
1015
266
13
We
Gen. Wolfe killed, 1759.
5 38
6 13
11 30
5 40
6 11
11 37
5 36
6 14
11 20
257
14
Th.
City of Mexico taken, 1847.
5 39
6 11
morn
541
6 10
morn
5 37
6 12
morn
258
15
Fri.
Delegates adopt constt'n, 1787.
5 40
6 9
41
5 41
6 8
48
5 39
6 11
33
259
It!
Sat.
Battle of Winchester. 1864.
5 41
6 7
1 55
5 42
6 6
2 2
5 40
6 9
1 50
260
17
st:x.
Battle of Antletam. 1862.
5 42
6 6
3 15
5 43
6 5
3 19
5 41
6 7
3 12
961
18
Mo.
Fugitive slave law signed, 1850
5 43
6 4
4 33
5 44
6 3
438
5 42
6 5
4 36
262
19
Tu.
Battle of luka, 1862.
5 44
6 2
rises
545
6 1
rises
5 43
6 3
rises
263
264
20
21
We.
Th.
Battle of Lexington, Va., 1861.
Battle of Fisher's Hill, 1864.
5 45
5 46
6
559
6 22
6 54
5 40
547
6
558
6 26
7 1
5 45
5 46
6 1
559
6 18
6 48
366
22
Fri.
Arnold's treason, 1780.
5 47
5 57
7 32
5 48
5 57
738
547
5 57
7 24
266
2i;
Sat.
PaulJones' victory, 1779.
5 49
5 55
8 16
5 49
5 55
823
5 48
5 55
8 6
267
24
srx.
Monterey captured, 1846.
5 50
553
9 4
5 50
5 53
9 12
5 49
5 53
8 54
268
25
Mo.
Philadelphia captured, 1777.
5 51
5 52
957
5 51
5 52
10 4
5 51
5 51
946
269
Tu.
Harrison leaves Vincen'es,1811
5 52
5 50
10 53
5 52
5 50
11
5 52
5 49
1043
270
27
We.
Battle of Pilot Knob, 1864.
5 53
5 48
11 51
5 52
5 49
11 57
5 53
5 47
11 43
271
28
Th.
Detroit retaken, 1813.
5 54
5 46
morn
5 53
547
morn
5 54
5 45
morn
272
'..".I
Fri.
Andre convicted, 1780.
5 5515 45
50
5 54
5 45
57
5 56
5 43
043
273
30
Sat.
Congress meets at York, 1777.
5 56 5 43
1 50
5 55
5 44
1 55
5 57
5 42
1 46
loth MONTH. OCTOBER. 31 DAYS.
s*
5 3
6
a
AY OF
rKKK.
October was formerly the
eighth month, and hence the
name from Octem (eighth).
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wls., S.Mich.
N.'Ill.. Ind., O.
St. Louis, 8.111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N.E.
Wls. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
Q
Q
OF-
AMERICAS HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sum Moon
sets., R.&s.
Sun
rlsee
Sun
sets.
Moon
B.*S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
H.M.
H.M. H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
274
1
8CS.
Jacks'n removes TJ.S.deps,1833
5 5ti
5 41
2 50
5 56
5 42
2 53
5 58
5 41
2 48
275
2
Mo.
Andre hung as a spy, 1780.
5 57
5 39
3 52
5 57
5 41
3 54
5 59
5 39
3 52
276
3
Tu.
Harrison at Terre Haute, 1811
5 59
5 3S
4 51
5 58
:, ;;9
450
6
5 37
453
277
4
We.
Battle of Germantown, 1777.
6
5 36
555
5 59
5 38
5 51
6 1
5 35
5 58
278
5
Th.
Tecumseh killed, 1813.
6 1
5 34
sets
6
5 37
sets
6 3
5 33
sets
279
6
Fri.
Peace proclaimed, 1783.
6 2
5 33
6 9
6 1
5 35
6 16
6 4
5 31
6 2
280
7
Sat.
Bristol, R. I., bombarded, 1775.
6 3
5 31
6 46
6 2
5 33
6 53
6 5
5 29
6 38
281
8
srx.
First great Chicago fire. 1871.
6 4
5 29
7 30
6 3
.-, 32
7 38
6 6
5 27
7 21
282
9
Mo.
Battle of Strasburg, Va., 1864.
6 5
5 27
821
6 4
5 30
830
6 8
5 25
8 11
283
10
Tu.
Naval academy opened, 1815.
6 7
5 2(
9 22
6 5
5 29
9 30
6 9
5 24
9 12
284
11
We.
Battle Lake Champlain, 1776.
6 8
5 24
10 30
6 6
5 27
10 36
6 11
5 22
10 21
285
12
Th.
Battle of Resaca, Ga., 1864.
6 9
5 23
11 40
6 7
5 26
11 47
6 12
5 20
11 33
286
13
Fri.
Battle of Queenstown, 1812.
6 10
5 21
morn
6 8
5 24
morn
15 13
5 18
morn
287
14
Sat.
Declaration of rights, 1774
6 11
5 19
055
6 9
5 23
1 1
6 15
5 16
51
288
15
srx.
Great bank panic, 1857.
6 13
5 18
2 12
6 10
5 21
2 16
6 16
5 15
2 11
289
Hi
Mo.
Harper's F. arsenal capt., 1859
6 14
5 16
3 30
11
5 20
3 30
6 18
5 13
3 31
290
17
Tu.
Burgoyne's surrender, 1777.
6 15
5 15
4 42
6 12
5 18
4 39
6 19
5 11
4 45
291
18
We.
Treaty with Seruinoles, 1820.
li If,
5 13
5 58
6 13
5 17
5 54
(i 20
5 9
6 4
292
19
Th.
Cornwallis surrenders, 1781.
(i 17
5 11
rises
6 14
5 1(5
rises
6 21
5 8
rises
293
20
Fri.
Grant relieves Rosecrans, 1863
6 18
5 10
6 7
6 15
5 14
6 14
ti 23
5 6
5 58
29 1
21
Sat.
Earthquake at San Fran., 1868
t! 19
5 8
654
li 16
5 13
7 1
6 24
5 5
6 44
296
>>
si's.
Hessians arrive. 1776.
ti 21
5 7
7 45
6 17
5 12
7 53
ti 25
5 3
7 36
296
23
Mo.
Topeka convent'n meets. 1S55.
6 22
5 5
8 42
6 18
5 10
8 49
li 26
5 1
8 32
297
298
24
25
Tu.
We.
Zagonyi's ch'gi 1 , Springf d, 1861
British evacuate B. I., 177i).
6 23 5 4
6245 8
941
10 39.
li 19
tl 20
r> si
5 8
947
10 46
I! 28
6 29
5
4 58
9 32
10 32
299
21 i
Th.
Secession agreed upon. IStiO.
625
5 1
ti 21
5 6
11 44
ti 31
4 57
11 34
300
27
Fri.
Ram Albemarle sunk, ist'4.
6 27
5
morn
li 23
5 5
morn
(i 32
4 55
morn
301
302
303
304
2H
29
30
31
Sat.
St'N.
Mo.
Tu.
Erie canal completed, 1825,
McClellan dies, 1885,
San Fran, bay discovered, 1709
Gen. Scott retires. 1861.
6 28 4 68
li 29 4 57
6 30 I 56
BJjf 4 (54
40
1 41
H 4U
(1 24
li 25
6 20
6 27
5 4
5 8
I I
43
1 43
2 40
033
035
036
638
4 53
4 52
4 50
4 49
037
1 41
2 41
3 44
nth MONTH. NOVKMBER. so DAYS.
h
d
S
H
November, from Novem (nine),
as It was formerly the ninth
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb., N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo.,
Kan., Col., Cal.,
St. Paul, N. E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
**
H
<
a*
month.
N. 111., Ind., O.
Ind., Ohio.
Minn., Or.
o^
a
4"
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon
Sun
Sun
Moon i
AMERICAN IUS10BT.
rises
sets.
H.&S.
rises
sets.
R.&S.
rlaei
sets.
R.&S.
H.M.
H.M. H. M.
H.M.
H.M..H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. H.
305
i
We.
Bat. French Creek, N. Y.. 1813.
(i 33
4 54
4 46
I) 28
459
442
6 39
447
4 51
806
2
Th.
Washington's farewell, 17S3.
6 34
4 53
5 52
6 29
4 58
547
(i 41
446
5 59
307
3
Fri.
Battle of Opclousas, La., 1863.
6 35 ! 4 52
6 58
6 30
4 57
6 51
642
4 44
7 8
308
4
Sat.
George Peabody died, 18t>9.
6 3714 50
sets
6 31
4 56
sets
6 44
4 43
sets
309
5
SUN.
Battle near Nashville, 18T>2.
6 3814 49
6 17
6 32
4 55
6 26
6 45
4 41
6 7
310
(i
Mo.
Brownsville, Tex., taken. 1863.
6 39
4 48
7 16
ti 33
4 54
7 24
6 47
4 40
7 6
311
7
Tu.
Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811.
t! 40
4 47
822
6 35
4 53
828
6 48
4 39
8 13
312
8
We.
Confed. envoys taken, 1861.
42
4 46
933
636
4 52
9 39
6 5(1
438
9 25
313
9
Th.
Battle of Talladega, Ga., 1813
6 43
4 45
10 45
6 37
4 51
10 50
(i 51
4 36
1041
311
10
Fri.
Burnside takes command.lStS.
6 44
444
11 59
6 38
450
morn
6 53
4 35
11 58
315
11
Sat.
Cherry Valley massacre, 1778.
6 45
443
morn
i> 39
4 49
3
6 54
4 34
morn
316
12
SL'X.
Montreal taken. 1775.
6 47
4 42
1 15
6 40
4 49
1 17
'i 55
433
1 15
317
13
Mo.
Provisional govt. in Tex., 1836.
6 48
4 41
2 24
6 41
4 48
2 22
6 57
4 32
2 26
318
14
Tu.
U. S. Christian com. org., 18B1.
6 49
4 40
3 39
6 42
4 47
3 35
6 58
4 31
3 44
319
15
We.
Articles conf'n adopted, 1777.
6 51
4 39
453
'6 43
4 46
4 48
7
4 30
5 1
820
It!
Th.
Manistee lost, 1883.
(5 52
438
6 4
6 44
4 46
5 57
7 1
4 29
6 14
321
17
Fri.
Battle Knoxville, Tenn., 1863.
II 53
4 37
rises
6 46
4 45
rises
7 2
4 28
rises
322
323
18
19
Sat.
SUN.
Standard time adopted, 1883.
Gettysb'g cem. dedicated, 1863.
6 54
ii 55
4 36
4 36
5 33
629
6 47
648
444
444
5 41
636
7 4
7 5
4 27
4 26
5 23
6 19
324
20
Mo.
British take Ft. Lee, 1776.
6 57
435
727
6 49
443
7 34
7 7
4 25
7 18
325
21
Tu.
Surrender Fredricksburg, 1862.
6 58
4 34
8 28
6 50
4 42
8 34
7 8
4 24
8 19
32(!
22
We.
Ft. George captured, 1780.
6 59
4 34
9 27
6 51
4 42
9 33
7 9
4 23
9 21
327
_::
Th.
Fight at Chattanooga, 1863.
7
433
1028
6 52
4 41
10 32
7 10
4 23
10 24
328
21
Fri.
Battle Columbia, Tenn., 1864.
7 1
433
11 28
6 53
441
11 31
7 12
4 22
11 27
329
2.1
Sat.
Ft. Duquesne taken, 1755.
7 3
4 32
morn
6 54
4 40
morn
7 13
4 22
morn
880
26
8ITN.
Sojourner Truth died, 1883.
7 4
4 32
30
655
4 40
30
7 14
4 21
30
331
27
Mo.
Utah declar'd in rebellion, 1857
7 5
4 31
127
6 56
4 40
1 25
7 15
4 20
1 29
332
2.x
Tu.
Ft. Rosalie massacre, 1729.
7 6
431
230
6 57
439
227
7 16
4 20
2 35
333
2!
We.
Savannah, Ga., taken, 1778.
7 7
4 30
335
658
439
3 30
7 18
4 19
342
334
3(
Th.
Battle of Franklin, Tenn.,1803.
7 8
4 30
440
6 59
439
4 34
7 19
4 19
4 50
istfc MONTH. DECEMBER. si DAYS.
**
jjS
6
S
t-
AT OF
?EKK.
December, from Decem (ten), 1
the Roman Calender terming it
the tenth month.
Chicago, Iowa,
Neb.,N.Y., Pa.,
S.Wis., S.Mich.,
JT. 111., Ind., 0.
St. Louis, S. 111.,
Va., Ky., Mo..
Kan., Col., Cal.,
Ind., Ohio.
St. Paul, N. E.
Wis. and Mich.,
N.E. New York,
Minn., Or.
n H
^
QP-
AMERICAN HISTORY.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
R.&S.
Sun
rises
Sun
sets.
Moon
H.&S.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H H.
335
836
1
2
Fri.
Sat.
Habeas corp. re-estab., 1865.
Execution John Brown, 1S59.
7 9
7 10
4 30
4 29
548
6 54
7
7 1
439
4 39
5 41
6 47
7 20
7 21
4 18
4 18
5 59
7 6
337
8
SUN.
Revolutionary army dis., 1783.
7 11
4 29
sets
7 2
4 38
sets
7 22
4 18
sets
338
4
Mo.
Senate exp 1 Is Breck'nri'ge. 1801
7 12
4 29
6 10
7 3
438
6 17
7 24 4 17
(i 10
339
5
Tu.
Worcester, Mass., taken. 1780.
7 13
4 29
7 21
7 4
4 38
7 28
7 25
4 17
7 13
310
(i
We.
Anti-slavery soc, org., 1833.
7 14
4 29
8 34
7 5
i 38
8 40
7 26
4 17
8 29
341
7
Th.
Bat. Prairie Grove, Ark.. 1862.
7 15
4 29
9 50
7 6
4 38
9 54
7 27
4 17
9 47
342
8
Fri.
British take N'port, R. I.. 177(3.
7 16
4 29
11 6
7 6
4 38
11 8
728
4 17
11 5
343
9
Sat.
Battle of Great Bridge, 1775.
7 17
429
morn
7 7
4 38
morn
7 29
4 17
morn
344
10
SUN.
Savannah besieged, 1864.
7 18
4 29
18
7 8
4 38
16
7 30
4 17
20
345
11
Mo.
Burn side cross's Uap'nock.1862
7 19
4 29
1 27
7 9
4 38
1 21
7 31
417
1 31
34 *i
12
Tu.
Battle Franklin, Tenn., 1813. .
7 19
4 29
2 40
7 9
4 39
2 35
7 32
4 17
2 46
347
13
We.
Ft. McAllister taken. IStil.
7 20
4 29
3 52
710
439
3 45
7 33
4 17
4 1
348
U
Th.
Kan.-Xeb. bill submitted. 18B3.
7 21
4 30
4 59
7 11
439
4 53
7 33
4 18
5 10
349
15
Fri.
Hartford convent'n mc'ts,18l4
7 22
4 30
ti 4
7 12
4 39
5 56
7 34
4 18
616
350
Hi
Sat.
Boston " tea party," 1773.
7 22
4 30
rises
7 12
440
rises
7 35
4 18
rises
351
17
8CX.
Battle Golclsboro, N.C., 1863.
7 23
i 3d
5 13
7 13
440
5 20
7 36J4 18
5 3
352
is
Mo.
Battle Mississiniwa. Ind., 18:2
7 24
4 30
(i 1 1
7 14
4 40
6 20
7 36l4 19
6 5
353
19
Tu.
Am. army atVall'y For'e, 1777.
7 24
4 31
7 13
7 14
4 40
7 20
737
4 19
7 7
354
20
We.
Battle Dranesville, Va , 18til.
7 25
4 32
8 14
7 ]5
4 41
8 19
7 37
4 20
8 10
355
21
Th.
Sherm'n reaches Savan'h. isiij
7 25
4 32
9 16
7 15
4 41
9 19
7 38
4 20
9 14
35(J
22
Fri.
The embargo act passed, 1807.
7 26
4 33
10 17
~ 16
4 41
1019
7 38
421
10 16
357
23
Sat.
Washington resigns. 1783.
7 21 i
4 33
11 15
7 16
4 42
11 14
7 39
4 21
11 16
358
21
SUN.
Treaty of Ghent. 1814.
7 27
4 3 1
morn
7 17
4 42
morn
7 39
morn
359
25
Mo.
Amnesty proclaimed. 1868.
7 27
1 84
15
717
443
12
7 40 i 4 22
18
860
26
Tu.
Battle of Trenton. 177(>.
7 27
1 35
1 18
7 17
1 41
1 14
7 40 4 23
1 24
3(>1
27
We.
Washingt'n made dietat'r.1770
7 28
4 36
2 23
7 is
4 45
2 17
7 40 4 21
2 30
862
2,x
Th.
Mason mid slidellsur.. 1803.
7 28 4 36
7 18
4 45
3 21
7 40 4 25
3 37
863
29
Kri.
Battle Mossy Ov'k.Tenn.. 18f3
7 2,x ; 37
4 33
7 19
446
4 27
7 40 4 25
4 45
364
30
Sat.
Mexican G.-itlsdcn o< ssion, 1853
7 28 1 :<x
5 :!9
7 19 4 -17
5 31
7 -1(1 t 26
5 51
365
31
SI \.
Battle ofjjuebec, i;:5.
7 29 ! I'.'.!
6 39' 7 1914 48
6 31
7 40 4 27
6 51
"E &catis=Krfmnce (Calendar n
For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the
introduction of the New Style, 1V52* to 1952 inclusive.
YEARS 1753 TO 1952.
1
s
C
,8
3
I
1
1
|
j
5
1
|
1761
1801
1767
1807
1778
1818
1789
1829
1795
1835
1846
1857
1903
1863
1914
1874
1925
1885
1931
1S91
1942
1
7'
7
3
i>
1
3
6
2
4
7
2
I7tr_>
1802
1773
1813
1771)
1819
1790
1830
1841
1847
1858
1869
1915
1875
1926
issrt
1937
1897
194:!
B
1
1
4
a
2
4
7
3
6
1
3
1757
1803
1763
1814
1774
1825
17S5
1831
1791
1842
1853
1859
1910
1870
1921
1881
1927
1887
1938
1S9S
1H49
a
2
2
5
7
3
5
1
4
6
2
4
i 1754
1805
1765
1811
1771
1822
1833
1793
1839
1799
l!K)l
1861
1907
1867
1918
1878
1929
1889
1935
[^
2
5
5
1
3
6
1
4
7
2
5
7
1755
1806
1766
1817
1777
1823
17S3
1834
1794
1845
1800
1S51
1902
1862
1913
1873
1919
1879
19.il!
1890
1941
i<>47
3
6
6
2
4
7
2
5
1
3
6
1
T758
1809
1769
1815
1775
1826
17S6
1837
1797
1843
1854
1905
1865
1911
1871
1882
1933
1893
1939
i my
I'.U
7
3
3
6
1
4
6
2
B
7
3
5
175,'t
1810
1759
1821
1770
1827
1781
1838
1787
1849
1798
1855
1866
1906
1877
1917
1883
1923
1894
1934
19HT
I'.Uf
19M
1
4
4
7
2
B
7
1
6
1
4
6
LEAP YEARS.
29
1
...I...L.
1
II
1764
1 1792 1804
1832 | 1860 I
ias8 | 1928
71 31 4| 71 2| 5 71 3| 6| 1
416
lies
| 1796 1808
1836 I 1864
1892 | 1901
1932 5 | 1 1 2 I 5 1 7
13 5| 1| 4
6| 2|4
1776
fe
... 1812
. . . 1816
1840 1 1868
1844 | 1872
1896 I 1908
| 1912
1936 316171,3 5|1 3| t. 2 4 1 7 1 2
1940 1 4 | 6 | 1 I 3 | 6 | 1 4 7 1 2 1 5 1 7
MS
1760
I 1784 1824
I 1788 1828
1 1S52 I 1880
I 1856 | 1884
| 1920
I 1924
1948 4
1952 2
1711 4| 6| 2 4
5| 6| 2| 41 71 2
71 31 51 113
511 3| 6 1
1 1 55
3
4
5
6
7
Monday..
Tuesday .
Wednesd
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday
Sunday..
Monday .
Tuesday.
Wednesd
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday
Sunday. .
Monday .
Tuesday.
Wednesd
Tnnrada;
Friday...
Saturday
Sunday ..
Monday.
Tuesday
Wednesd
Thursdaj
Friday..
Saturday
Sunday.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesc
.. 1'
.. 2
y 3'
.. 41
.. 5i
.. 6
.. 71
.. 8'
.. 9
ylO'
..11
..12i
..13
..14
..15'
..it;
'yiv
..18
..19
..2)
..21
...22
. .2:;
>_;
..2.)
..26
7
"28
./.-.i
. ,:KI
y:;i
Puesd
A'edn
?hurs
Fridaj
Saturi
Sinidii
rlondf
1'uesil
Wedn
I'hurs
r'riday
Satun
Sinid/i
Mondi
i'uesd
Wedn
Chur
Kridiij
!atur<
Zinnia
viondi
Tuesd
Wedn
I'hurs
T ridaj
xitim
Mond
I'uesd
Wedn
Thurs
iy... :
j sd'y 5
lay.. ;
4
ay... f
y.... t
iy...'
ay... {
jsd'y <
lay..l(
1
ay...l!
y K
iy ...1
ay...l,
ssd'yl
ilay..l
1
ay...l
I/ ....21
iy...2
ay...?
sci'v2
Say.. 2-
r 2.
Wednesd'y 1
Thursday.. 2
Friday 3
Saturday.. 4
> Sunday.... 5
Monday.... 6
Tuesday... 7
Wednesd'y 8
Thursday.. 9
) Friday 10
Saturday... 11
Sunday 12
Monday.... 13
Tuesday... 14
> Wednesd'ylo
i Thursday.. 16
'Friday 17
^Saturday. ..18
i Sunday. ...19
> Monday ...20
I Tuesday... 21
! Wednesd'y22
i Thursday. .38
1 Friday 24
> Saturday. ..25
Thursday.. 1 I
Friday 2 g
Saturday. . 3 i
Sunday 41
Monday . . . 5 '.
Tuesday... 6 \
Wednesd'y 7 1
Thursday.. 8 I
Friday 9 fc
Saturday ..10 t
Sunday ...ll 1
Monday ...12 1
Tuesday... 13 1
Wednesd'yU 'J
Thursday.. 15 1
Friday 16 6
Saturday. ..17
Sunday 183
Monday... .19'
Tuesday... 20 1
Wednesd'y21 n
Thursday..22 1
Friday 23 J
Saturday ..24 ,
Sii,l,iy....ttl
Mday 1<
a turd ay... 2
unday.... 3
londay ... 4 '
'uesday... 6
Vednesd'y 6
'hursday.. 7
Mday 8
aturday. . 9
'unduy 10
londay 11
'uesday... 12
Vednesd'ylS
'hursday. .14j
'riday 15
aturday.. .16
fund "J/....17
donday....!8
uesday... 19
Vednesd'y20
'hursday.. 21
Yiday 22
>aturday . .23
Sunday 24
Monday ...25
Saturday ..
Sunday. . . .
donday . . .
Tuesday...
Vednesd'y
Thursday.
Friday
Saturday..
Sunday. ...
donday...
Tuesday..
iVednesd'y
Thursday.
<'riday
Saturday..
Sunday ...
Honday . .
Tuesday. .
Vednesd'i
Thursday.
Friday....
Saturday..
Monday ..
Tuesday..
1
2
8
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
K>
If,
17
IS
l!l
20
21
29
29
24
25
ae
27
j*
29
:;o
31
Sunday 1
Monday... 2
Tuesday... 3
Wednesd'y 4
Thursday.. 5
Friday 6
Saturday... 7
Sunday 8
Monday ... 9
Tuesday. ...10
Wednesd'y;]
Thursday.. 12
Friday 13
Saturday... 14
Sunday 15
Monday. ...16
Tuesday... 17
Wednesd'yl8
Thursday. .19
Friday 20
Saturday. ..21
Sunday 22
Monday ..23
Tuesday. . .24
Wednesd'y25
Thursday.. 2fi
Friday 27
Saturday. ..28
Sunday .. ..29
Monday ...30
Tuesday... 31
ay. .21
1/....2 1
iy ...2l
ay.,.2 1
esd'y;-!i
day. .3
" Monday" !!27
S Tuesday... 28
) Wednesd'y29
J Thursday..:*
1 Friday 31
Monday.... 26 r
Tuesday. .27 ^
Wednesd'y28 r
Thursday ..291
Friday 80S
Saturday... 311.
Tuesday ..26
^'ednesd'y27
Thursday.. 28
""rlday 29
iaturday...30
Sunday 31
Wednesd';
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday..
Monday ..
NOTE. To ascertain any day of the week first look in the table for the year required and
under the months are figures which refer to the corresponding figures at the head of the
columns of days below. For K.rtnnp1e: To know on what day of the w.eek July 4 was in the
year l.s'ja. in the table of years look for 1S95, and in a parallel line, under July, is figure 1, which
directs to column 1, in which it will be seen that July 4 falls on Thursday.
*17.i2 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2. From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept. 3-13 were
omitted). This Calendar is from }Vh taker's London Almanack, with some revisions.
12 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE WITH RATE OF DOTY.
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1898. compared with the corresponding period of 1897.
[Abbreviation: n. e. 8., not elsewhere specified.]
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Agricultural Implements free
$11,469
$2-82.75 hd.
. .Various
75c-S1.50hd.
120*
Animals (No.) Cattle free
Do dut...
204
328,773
699
6,299
2.382
403,251
24,360
2,565,497
97,058
367,750
32,640
987,028
146,378
64,744
577
290.978
799
2,286
3.047
389,153
$76,631
2,835,059
145,45ti
269,443
42.805
1,062,781
156,967
83,536
421.859
4,250,819
Horses free
Do '. dut
Do dut
Do dut
Total... .. H re ,?
300,436
3.9S5.019
clb.
20
...$1.50 ton
3056
Horses (free, No.) Imported from
United Kingdom
16
646
37
699
20,754
68,639
7,665
97.058
35
721
43
799
59,540
67.640
18,276
145,456
British North America
Total
Horses (dut., No.) Imported from
United Kingdom
16
4,777
1,506
6,299
10,391
342,720
14,639
367,750
42
2,021
223
2,286
18,800
246,393
4,250
269,443
British North America
Other countries
Total.
Antimony ore f ree. . Ibs.
4,464,608
201.963
3,370,107
5,359.590
2,230,902
78.510
121,116
3,783.043
10.649
701.208
1,562.209
Antimony, as regulus or metal dut... Ibs.
Articles, the growth, product and manufacture
of the U. S., returned, n. e. s free
Articles for the use of the U. 8., etc.. free ..
Art works free
Do dut
4,424,158
375
Art Works (free) Imported from
United Kingdom
1,185,569
170,372
353.403
28,303
80.484
24,668
36.040
7 938
France
2,448,713
Germany
228,024
Italy
301,205
Other Europe
156,133
British North America
89,946
14,568
4,424.158
Total
701.208
Art works (dut.) Imported from
691,658
524,216
115.060
173,284
48,741
5.569
3,681
1,562,209
France
375
Germany
Italy
British North America
Other countries
Total
375
Asphaltum or bitumen, crude free. tons
122,122
395,554
12,440
79.060
27,033
34,157
260,765
106.306
187,249
471,561
165,209
Do dut.. tons
Bark, hemlock free.c'rds
28,983
133,051
212,385
Bolting cloth free
Bones, horns & hoofs, unmanufact'd..free...
Bones and horns, manufactures of dut
Books, music, maps, engravings, etc. .free
Do dut
Books, etc. (free) Imported from
United Kingdom
1,806,476
1.373.230
1,588,607
1,345,141
25$
737795
645,343
155.436
554,291
138.211
35.506
9,820
1.538,607
France
195098
Germany
656,927
Other Europe
161.W4
British North America
35675
Other countries
19007
Total ..
1,806,476
Books, etc. (dut.) Imported from
United Kingdom
915.393
947,375
65,843
221,937
59,115
27,734
3.494
France
52,312
2956411
Other Europe
41.400
British North America
23656
China
Hg
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE:. 13
IMPORTS FREE AXD DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
$33.554
8,727
1,373,230
$13,431
6,212
1,345.141
. . 30c bu.
. . 15c bu
. . lac bu.
. ...Iclb.
. . lOc bu.
....25cbu.
2556
Total
Brass, and manufactures of dut
Breads! uffs Barley dut....bu,
147,130
35,09*
1,271,787
0,284
46,469
1,525,409
72
1,534,117
2,250
394,749
2,070
12.071
32,742
170
1,176.337
9,914
249,635
124,803
3.381
8,776
287.233
82.938
2,046.551
2,724
43,862
1,463
3.244
15,672
13,323
1.948.260
12,113
195.829
917,234
3,151,000
Corn dm. . .int.
Oats dut .. .lui.
Oatmeal dut. . . Ibs.
Rye dut. ..bu.
Wheat dut. . . bu.
Wheat flour dut. . brls.
All other, and preparations of, etc.. free
. 40$
Do dut
897,075
Total
2,774,763
Bristles (Ibs.) Crude, not sorted, bunched or
prepared free
630
1,347,270
1,347,900
385
1,216,794
1.217,179
1.203
1,533,888
1,535,091
416
1,248,703
1,249,119
Sorted, bunched or prepared dut
Total
Brushes . dut.
782,802
950.061
745.267
Buttons and button forms dut
435,669
104
Cement, Roman, Portland, etc dut... Ibs.
Cement (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
939,100,866
2.972.350
797,658,183
2,578,282
.7c 100 Ibs.
..lc-%c Ib.
3056
184,237,053
258,812,102
12.849,762
464,362.050
15,788.463
2.749.425
802,011
939,100,806
596,195
749,174
37,467
1,517.232
56,956
11,454
3,872
2.972,350
113.733,295
24ttl.J7.30S
13.060,916
407,467.520
21,093,145
2,170,799
5,200
797,658,183
379,759
716,440
39,072
1.366,209
66.405
10,330
67
2.578,282
Belgi um
France. . ,
Germany
British North America
Other countries
Total
Chemicals, Drugs and Dyes Alizarin and aliz-
6.148,268
23,457,576
' 2,532.499
1.022,970
1,967,042
"' 142,512
3.196.478
5,872,015
741,150
18.461.479
2,940,100
886.332
65,164
1,525,873
273,228
3,689.214
Argal. or argol, or crude tartar free. .Ibs.
Argols, or wine lees dut.. .Ibs.
Barks, cinchona, or other, etc free. .Ibs.
Coal-tar colors and dyes dut
Cochineal free. . Ibs.
142,261
41.943
158,055
45,762
Iclb.
Dye woods Logwood free.tons
33,362
611.010
119.716
46,596
741.455
174.386
256,176
1,172,017
All other free
Extracts and decoctions of dut.. .Ibs.
Total
5,562,264
281.868
1.015,594
4,084,672
3c Ib.
Logwood (tons) Imported from
Central America
336
1,219
7,928
23,244
635
33.362
7,535
32.684
144,740
414,354
11,697
611,010
Mexico
821
16,625
29,083
67
46,596
21.922
264,422
453,646
1.465
741,455
British West 1 ndies
Other West Indies
Other countries
Total
Dyewoods, Extracts of (Ibs.) Imp. from
United Kingdom
923,892
1,571,717
1,M6#M
557,200
563,091
5,562,264
12,717.098
65,772
99,123
63,850
44,112
22,011
284,868
1,400,223
912,537
357,118
281.800
1,132,994
4,084,672
86,725
61.010
16.119
26,050
66,272
256,176
France
Germany
Switzerland
Other countries
- Total
Glycerin dut... Ibs.
1.182,099
12,274,987
774,709
Gums (free, Ibs.) Arabic
<>S6.670
1,469,601
31.349,545
7,151,459
85.807
332,748
959,501
1.0S2.401
3,294,790
942,239
2,047,244
4i.334.590
6,984,395
114.943
365,652
1,021.341
939.361
2,599,391
5,040.688
Jl Ib
$6Jb.
Camphor, crude
Gambier.or terpa japoniea
Shellac
All other
TotaL
5,755,247
Indigo ....free Ibs
3.522.016
62,370,337
99,274.138
1,696,641
1,022,650
1,375,560
3.097,330
70,136,591
6.720,638
107,511.941)
73.505
L466.149
14,414
109.431
100,258
1.8 15.411
1,171,621
92.487
1,329,433
17.463
440.540
32.340
233.267
652,341
Licorice root free . .Ibs.
Lime, chloride of, or bleaching pow-
der free..lbs
Do dut Ibs
Mineral waters, all not artificial free.gals.
Mineral waters dut..gals
2.449,604
581,947
Opium. (Ibs.) crude or unmanufactured... .free
Do dut
1,072,914
2,184,727
Prepared for smoking, and other, etc. dut
157,061
1,132361
14 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Opium, Crude (Ibs.) Imported from
175,022
289,011
606,142
2,709
1,072,914
$393,579
595.717
1,188,929
6,502
2,184,727
58.550
42,584
$139.732
83.062
42,813
J^clb
Iclb.
....2-10clb.
Iclb.
....25cton
...3-10clb.
....2^clb.
$1 ton
25$
22,711
Total
123,845
265,607
Opium, Prepared (Ibs.) Imported from
China
152.684
4,377
157.061
1,113,310
19,551
1,132,861
99,958
300
100.258
650,644
1,697
652.341
Other countries
Total
Potash (Ibs ) Chlorate of free .. .
5,985,212
458,095
630,340
4.287,636
117,566,204
12,921.986
35,809,415
171.215,581
45.026
263,432
1.817,221
270,291
893,132
3,289.102
Do . dut
Muriate of free
89.560,413
19.719,876
25,838,028
141,103.529
1,400,603
408,761
632,203
2,899,662
Nitrate of, or saltpeter, crude free
All other free
Total
Soda Caustic dut.. .Ibs
66,476,152
83,331
18.875,029
L62,fxS5.074
3,919,339
1,147,763
2,640.389
82,695
1,241.321
67,684
5,179,852
29,697,185
125,103
9,851.011
87.833,619
2i;400,565
476,032
2,729,750
40,266
589,714
225,628
4.061.390
Nitrate of free, tons
Sal soda dut. ..Ibs
All other salts of dut... Ibs.
Total
Quinta, sulphate of, etc free...oz.
3,517,844
130.133
18,688,635
165,001
582.945
2,183.607
248,048
884.865
5,594,434
5,057,068
31,307,867
4,372.477
171,589
7,301,235
63,997
896.908
3.193,528
120.205
279.755
5.291,534
5.080.359
25,773,522
15,697,189
Sumac, ground dut.. .Ibs.
Vanilla beans free. .Ibs.
All other , free. ...
Do dut
13,640,885
16.930,162
232,494
176.210
139,497
868.902
106,265
2.137
2,963
128,538
738,815
276.766
689,656
Do dut. . .Ibs.
Chocolate, prepared, etc. (not confectionery)
dut. .Ibs.
Clays or earths of all kinds dut.. tons
99,455
689,456
448,600
Clocks and Watches and Parts of (dut.)
Watches, and watch materials, etc
1,118,399
...Various
Coal, anthracite free. tons
5,851
1,264,91.'
14,729
3,372,338
....67c ton
5clb.
Coal, bituminous dut.. tons
Coal, Bituminous (tons) Imported from
United Kingdom
1,287,977
3,553,876
54,474
1.345
840.983
99.760
1,575
284,849
4,991
1,287,977
150,919
3,972
2,654,444
218,456
3,908
508.040
14,137
3.553,876
133.245
2.355
748.521
108.103
2.675
260.318
3,695
1,264.912
311,733
5.184
2.351.523
200.728
8075
486,935
8.160
3.372,Si8
Other Europe '.
British North America
Mexico
Other Asia and Oceanica
Other countries
Total
Cocoa, or cacao, crude, etc free.. Ibs
31,406,612
2,997,866
25,717.404
636,556
3.492.033
223,591
Cocoa, prepared, etc dut.. .Ibs.
Cocoa. Etc. (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
2,665.693
1,074.195
270,364
2,150
11,468.95<;
796,134
4.330.178
10.689.194
66,833
42,915
31,406.612
352,238
130.146
31.981
209
1,077,278
76.367
332,620
984,558
8,243
4,226
2,997,866
1,960.626
722,579
027,670
304,147
113,398
94.345
Netherlands
Other E urope
Central America
British West Indies
8,376,766
1.612,194
1,376,810
10,617,740
374.614
48,399
25,717,404
1,257.225
225,865
173.846
1,203.376
111,865
7,966
3.492.033
Other West Indies .-
Brazil
Other South America
East Indies
Other countries
Total
Coffee (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
2 986.695
482.803
70.108
710,993
507.620
180,504
6,038.335
4.573.865
1.394,722
52.792,937
1,796.985
859.419
7.3:14.801
2,408,967
2,427,834
35.802.385
34.511,108
6.412.20!)
J61.00S.372
254.206
62,173
538.717
361.095
136,902
4,459,183
3.599,392
673,800
40.956.963
France
466,877
5,636.746
2.798.082
1.235.293
40.968.550
28,704.190
10.667.133
>42.857.265
Germany
Netherlands
Other Europe
Central America
Mexico
' West Indies
Brazil
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 15
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Value*.
Quant's.
Values.
80.067.960
14.051,884
5,241,732
44,791
1,918,472
737,645,670
$11.160.238
2,517.892
878,002
7,250
223,115
81,544.38)
90.113,241
21.311.159
4,947,018
42.305
1,477.352
370,514.215
$9,276,212
3.603,055
918.104
6.040
221,719
65.067.561
2clb.
8clb.
Africa..
Total
Copper and Manufactures of
Ore and regulus free. tons
3,421
544.868
4,648
748,446
Pigs, bars, ingots, etc free.tlbs.
11,504,382
999,824
80,814
1,080,638
40,718,649
3,077,842
42.730
3.120,572
Total, not including ore
Cork wood, or cork bark, unmanfact'd.free
Cork, manufactures of dut
1,323.409
1,152,325
251.501
Cotton and Manufactures of Unman-
ufactured free. .Ibs.
Cotton. Unmanufact'd 'Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
51,898,926
5.884,262
52.660.363
5.019.503
...Various
...Various
...Various
...Various
...Various
. . .Various
...Various
55*
60%
13,536.095
23.460
908,650
58.120
234.345
37.023,249
115.007
51,898,926
1,471,095
2.132
98.779
5.448
17,788
4.277,618
11,402
5,884.262
12,594,972
26,038
1,300.4%
61,745
3,988,;i67
34,558.429
130,335
52.660.363
1.286.438
1.963
123,771
4,847
364,271
3,225.172
13,041
5,019,503
Africa (Egypt)
Other countries
Total
Manufactures Of (dut.) Cloth (sq. yds.)
Not bleached, dyed, colored, etc
3,177,241
35,937,975
39.115,216
273.654
4,404,025
4,677.679
1,520,108
43,259,291
44,779,399
120,767
5,313,683
5.434,450
Total
Clothing, ready-made, etc
Knit Goods Stockings, hose, etc
Laces, edgings, embroideries, etc
Thread (not on spools), yarn, warps, etc.. Ibs.
All other
Total manufactures
Cloths, Etc. (sq. yd.) Imported from
United Kingdom
I,664,2i7
2.627.222
5.596,703
12,573.207
647,388
8,307,164
34.429,363
' '1,817,955
1,050.551
4,034.486
11,7K8.704
687,999
4,290,742
27.266,932
28,845.397
4.454,219
2,741.205
2.989,744
96,513
54.296
3,842
39,115,216
3,283,173
582.609
415,101
389,262
3,328
3,794
412
4,677,679
35,432.524
4.242,348
3,455..%7
1,271.022
282,782
83,130
12.026
44,779,399
4,177,711
559,07(
500.801
156.467
32,206
6,643
1,546
5,434,450
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Other Manuf 's of Cotton Imported from
11,176,712
6.567,468
318.900
3,222.66!
6 J15 855
420,975
3,102.568
8 932 847
5.902,474
4,800.414
85,884
29,407
34.682
22,922
34,281
21.832,482
77,602
25,630
73681
Other Asia and Oceanica
21,038
18.156
Total
29,751,684
Earthen, Stone and China Ware (dut.) China
porcelain, parian, bisque, etc.
Not decorated or ornamented
Decorated or ornamented
1,513.474
8.087.443
834,226
376,380
9,977.297
273,721
6,686.220
...Various
5c doz.
Total
Earthen, Stone and China Ware Imported
from United Kingdom
4,010,077
2,708,791
499,264
909,055
2,086.991)
119.139
313,288
49.684
6,686,220
658 2K8
1,655391
Germany
3,034,040
Other Europe
114,181
445 793
Other countries
59,547
Total
9,977.2!t~
Eggs dut doz
5PO.OS1
47,700
166,037
8,025
16 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Feathers, etc., natural and artificial Feathers
$2,232,908
$145,448
2 093 507
50%
Do dut
Feathers and downs, natural, dress'd, color'd,
etc dut...
Feathers, flowers, etc., fruits, grains & leaves,
artificial, for millinery use dut.. .
Fertilizers (free, tons) Guano
712,610
2,138,215
774,259
2,248.183
50$
50%
3clb.
7,103
9,931
91,836
65,420
954,276
4,563
9,840
56,806
59.726
1,254,001
1.370,533
All other
Total
l,li: ,532
Fibers, Vegetable, etc.. and Manufactures of
Unmanufactured (tons) Flax, and tow
of free
7,480
1,710
6,096
24
6,313
68,550
46,260
63,266
8,734
305,699
1,734
1,256,717
641,259
633,288
6,569
335.841
1,640,484
3,408,322
3,834,732
579,206
11,688.590
647.828
1,779
3,750
299
3,718
2,563
112,306
50,270
69,322
9,791
246,330
7,468
245,012
948,585
43,729
516,605
130,294
2.543,498
3,239.341
5.169.900
609,222
11,980,996
1,465,190
Hemp, and tow of free
. . . .$40 ton
6-lOc sq.yd.
lclb.&15<&
60%
Hemp, hackled dut
Istle or Tampico fiber free
Jute and jute butts free
Manila free
Sisal grass free
All other free
Total unmanufactured j ^j 6
Flax (free and dutiable, tons) Import 'd f rom-
Unlted Kingdom
2,389
4,055
2,73(
16
9,190
709,065
777,667
410,227
1,017
1.897.976
2,116
2,702
711
632.532
471,094
89,853
118
1,193.597
Other Europe
British North America
Total
5,529
Jute (tons) Imported from United Kingdom
East Indies
2,179
62,934
3,437
68,550
133,905
1,447,465
59,114
1,640.484
2.035
109,909
362
112.306
100.091
2,428,409
14,998
2.543,498
Total
Manila (tons) Imported from
7,085
38,526
649
46,260
659,820
2,701,651
46,851
3,408,322
1,572
48,541
157
50,270
135,690
3,092,285
11,366
3,239,341
Other countries
Total
Sisal Grass (tons) Imported from Mexico...
Other countries
62,839
427
63,266
3,809.415
25,317
3,834,732
68,432
890
69.322
5,104.228
65,672
5,169,900
Total
Manufactures of (Ibs.) Bagging, gunny
cloth, etc free
Do . . dut
394,409
24,907
449,614
320,201
566,046
489,412
5,181,721
69,907
131,453
34,391
383,048
14,249,014
21,899,714
Bags for grain, made of burlaps., free
2,019,856
Burlaps free
9,243,025
Cables, cordage and twine, n.e.s...dut
195,161
4,702.809
1,374.347
1,859,373
20,373
118,328
79,356
517,617
20,153,903
32,546,867
492,846
3,928,501
Ic Ib.
7clb.
Iclb.
Twine, binding free .
426,055
1,956,883
Yarns or threads dut
All other dut
Total manufactures
Fish (Ibs.) Fresh-
6,596,859
160083
599.577
16,378
85,304
1,848,565
259
163,106
27
1,780,079
160,309
902,742
451,654
88.085
886,647
1,164,424
67,175
444,46fa
6,108.714
Do dut
983,969
All other free
Do dut
252,771
907,255
1.110.667
525,968
107,840
1,053,022
992.822
65,693
267.682
5,981,980
3056
Cured or Preserved Anchovies and sardines
etc dut
Cod, haddock, etc., dried, sm'k'd.etc.dut
Herring Dried or smoked dut
Pickled or salted dut.. , . , , .
Mackerel, pickled or salted ,,.dut
Salmon, pickled or salted , ,,dut
'l4,32U39
4,587,162
25.446.855
30.515,529
954,194
'16,052,597
5.432,165
27,995,142
16,241.870
904,090
...Various
J6clb.
Iclb.
Iclb.
Iclb.
30%
20 Ib.
Kolb.
All other , .4 u i' ,,..
Total ,
Fruits, Including Nuts (Ibs.) Bananas, free
Currants free .....
Do dut......
Dates dut
""77'J9
29,18S,57(J
11,847,279
4,086.,320
' 3.599
892,485
284,050
4.336,118
25,186,010
13.561,434
837,fl87
871, 90S
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. ' 17
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Figs dut
8,940,762
$535,380
4.043,822
9,624,391
$508.998
2,848,124
886.695
39,655
381.887
922.325
421,657
873,198
12.328,936
. .2Uc Ib.
. ...Iclb.
. ...Iclb. 1
. . . .2c Ib.
. .2^c Ib.
2clb.
...Various
4clb.
Iclb.
Iclb.
....SOcgal.
...Various
2,324,007
Plums and prunes '. dut
710,028
12,650,598
73,303
567.039
605,053
672,549
1,138,258
303,917
6,593,823
Prepared or preserved fruits dut
AH other fruits free
Do .. dut
Total fruits
14,926,771
Bananas Imported from
91,684
90,337
1,569.749
1,852,843
Central American States.
British West Indies ..
1,606.854
I,5fi8.488
Cuba
147,135
679,18C
571,361
48,081
104,047
4,236,418
63,774
29,207
Total
4.086.32C
.
Lemons Imported from -Italy
3,831.13?
153,415
2,771,875
59.154
17,095
2.848,124
59,27(
Total
4,043,822
519,517
697,193
23,149
207,464
131,672
502,915
1,991
9,448
7.056
886,695
Italy
258,340
731,806
8,780
.
11,788
...
97,48i
Total '.
2,324,907
Nuts (Ibs.) Almonds dut
9,644,333
880,263
5,746,363
659,659
554.061
21.874
1,002.344
14,566.874
Do dut
All other dut
471,387
848,511
17,126,932
Total fruits and nuts
Furs Furs and fur skins, undressed., .free
2,938.9?!
8,832.603
4.048,545
Furs, and manufactures of dut
Furs and Fur Skins, etc. Imported from
United Kingdom
3,076,125
826,162
362,147
1,122,891
355.956
1,428.863
213.026
289,462
62.96E
359,3K
3.832,603
915,877
74,586
Other Europe
British North America
239.7
16,428
2.896
501.123
Other countries
Total
2,938,979
Furs, and manufactures of Imported from
United Kingdom
1,076,482
180,813
1,310,753
235.710
1,331,078
930,768
15,733
204.678
19,825
4,048.545
917,492
752,261
13.999
110,967
Other countries
24,111
3,076.125
Total
Ginger ale or ginger beer dut..doz-
181,884
132,079
Glass and Glassware (dut.) Bottles, etc., empty
or filled
600,308
338,861
953,116
569,380
66,768
9,880
157,992
4.207
1,569,715
3,669,919
55,961,813
1,232,849
2,682.012
420,149
1,099,785
57,388
1,181,696
301.412
772,2%
18.245
285,485
21.870
2,328,314
38,908,992
2,810,511
244.044
1?9,981
611,070
15,632
Cylinder and crown glass, polished (sq. feet)
Silvered
Plate glass (sq. ft.) Fluted, rolled or rough.
Cast, polished, unsilvered
All other
Total
5,509.626
Glass Cylinder, etc. (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom ,
3,633,010
51,504,608
542,405
237,178
2,250
181,863
952.910
22.318
23,228
77
2,890.943
150,083
', 66,335
H.205
27,1)85
641
36.638.022
150,490
185,711
18,576
Germany ,.,,,,,.,..,,.,.,,,
Other Europe
18 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's .
Values.
Other countries
42,362
55,961,813
$1,300
1.181,696
25.345
38,908,992
$867
953.116
....^Clb.
Total
Glue. . dut ..Ibs
3,726,324
403,068
432,426
161,748
Grease and oils n. e. s free
Grease n. e. s dut
976,306
Hair Unmanufactured free
Manufactures of .' dut
Total
1.330,632
721,572
2.052,204
1,838.322
286.698
2,125,020
Hats, Bonnets and Hoods, and Materials for,
composed of straw, chip, grass, palm leaf,
willow, osier, or rattan Hats, bonnets and
hoods, materials for, etc free
1,990,735
36,308
584071
Materials for, etc dut
1,623.970
..Various
Hay dut. tons.
119.942
1.030,497
3.S47
34.105
$4 ton
1556
Hides and Skins, Other than Fur Skins (Ibs.)
Goatskins free
49.868,020
156,232,824
Il.328.lfi2
16,534,864
64.903,485
54,442,5S2
126,243.595
245.589,612
15,776,601
7.667.342
13,624,889
37,068,832
All other, except hides of cattle> etc.free
Hides of cattle... . dut.
Total
206,100,844
27,863,026
12clb.
Hides and Skins (Ibs.) Imported from
37.437,185
9.873.797
6,771,886
13.^87,920
21,467,784
1,826.941
13.744,511
10.105,872
til .052,241
12.423,674
6.250,167
4,501.217
7,258,700
206,100.844
4,598,932
1.742.830
1.279,417
2.082,99
1,555,348
238,429
1,827,615
815.490
9,295,136
1,746,807
1,154,132
629744
46,673.962
19.H01.428
13,755.842
23,191,180
14,414,711
i.y.B.soo
13.300.7V1
4.230,75h
5'.), 195.320
23.6tiO.78!
18,067.895
7,334,150
6.432.181
3.460.23f
2.572.451
3.860.465
1,148,935
193,874
1.698,574
France
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States
West Indies
419.853
9.178.328
3.853.2%
3.023.792
1.226,224
South America
East Indies
896,159
27.863.026
Total
245,589,612
37,068,832
3,017.821
629.987
2,438,363
2.575,932
648155
1,778.421
Household and personal effects, etc... free
India rubber & gutta-percha,& manufactures of-
Unmanufactured (free. Ibs.) Gutta-percha
1.117,665
35,574.449
36,692,114
100,187
17,457,916
17,558,163
636.477
46,056.3
46,692.170
159.381
25.386.010
25.545.391
Total unmanufactured
India rubber. Crude (Ibs.) - Imported from
United Kingdom
6,987,119
993,635
2,760.543
1,078.949
106,871
47,llt>
21,858,02s
1.234,61f
4kll,<H
4,7ft
11,757
35,574,449
3.265.497
368,750
1.325,755
446,214
32,li75
15,162
11.400.931
9.001,797
1.691.683
5,661,852
972,631
136,874
10,467
26.570.127
1,557,508
418,860
11.731
22,163
46,055,693
5,322.469
682.995
3,167.97b
419.74'-
41,901
2.500
14,980.875
622.641
131.529
3,832
9,550
25,386.010
Other Europe
Central America
West Indies
Brazil
Other South America
462,371
135,277
1,614
3.730
17,457.971
East Indies
Africa
Other countries
Total
Manufactures of (dut.) Gutta-percha
India rubber
97,194
297,953
156,997
309,246
Total manufactures
395.147
466,243
....40cton
$4 ton
Wton
...6-lOc Ib.
...4-lOc Ib.
. ..Various
...Various
... l'.,c ll>.
...5-lOc Ib.
Iron and Steel and Manufactures of Iron
543.241
22.159
3,411)
30,148.571
7.777
5,584
39,560.628
9.553.23;
16.265,501
230.073.fi83
83.lJ3.178
6328,111
733,482
698,481
778,084
520.745
72,258
SKJS&
203,054
1. 9311
1,554.4*
225.411
239,49a
5.344.ii3S
B82,80i
389,297
44,781
62.6tih
2,339.918
352,555
25,640
1.502
33.990.542
52H
69.463
30,821,15';
6WH
470.089
675.88:
14.931
683.415
18,824
3.0*-
1,202.055
183.402
Scrap iron and steel, etc dut. .tons
Bars, railway, of iron or steel dut. .tons
Hoop, band or scroll dut... Ibs
Ingots, hi ins. sl'bs, bil't8,of steel, etc..dut.. .Ibs
Sheet, plate and tagaers iron or steel. .dut.. Ibs
Ties for baling cotton free. .Ibs
Tin plates, terne plates and tag-
171.662.345
88.601,6$!
5,238,193
777.903
if^SM
3 80") 148
....IfcjClb.
fci-lf
. .\ arums
. ..l%c Ib.
...Various
. ..Various
Wire rods dut.. .Ibs
Wire, and articles made from dut... Ibs
Manufactures of Anvils dut. ..Ibs
844.84
348.854
47.797
11,429
944.05t
Chains dut. ..Ibs
Cutlery dut
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 19
1897.
1898.
Duty.
IMPORTS-FKEE AND DUTIABLE.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
$47,407
753,112
309,754
l,289,f
as,089
1,386,666
$35,342
409,031
362,606
1,875.223
...Various
...Various
$1 M & 25%
Needles, hand sewingand darning..free
48,885
1,097,094
Total, not including ore
Tin Plates, etc. (Ibs.) Imported from
16,094,557
12,615,913
10%
10*
229,208,495
864,225
963
730.073,683
5.320,238
24,361
39
5,344,638
170,872.133
779,482
10,730
171,662,345
3,786,626
22,151
371
3,809,148
Total
ivory (free, Ibs.) Animal
173,480
4,445,100
452,461
44,618
244,138
15,158,128
520,518
155.934
Vegetable
Jewelry, manufactures of gold and silver, and
precious stones Diamonds, rough or un-
47,865
1,937,944
2.517,759
4,438.030
22,802
1,982,446
1,434.728
Diamonds, n. e. s., not set dut
Other precious stones, and imitations of, Hot
686.789
886.969
..........
20%
60%
...Various
20%
20%
10%
. ..Various
...Various
35%
Jewelry, and manufactures of gold and
silver dut
Precious stones, etc. (free) Imported from
6,802
1,108,661
124.454
1,227,387
71,660
1.303
7,096
2,540,561
1,308
649
36,785
2,318
Brazil. .
47.865
Total
Jewelry, and other precious stones, etc. (dut.)
Imported from United Kingdom
France
799,478
1,074,729
1,958.618
2.546,392
536.041
2.122.257
583.186
92,111
6.747
3,944
5,908
7.855,204
319,412
5'.K).571
707,059
4,378
3,737
3.542
8,79b
Total
3,511,702
Lead, and Manufactures of (dut. Ibs.) Lead In
181571,846
3,313,090
2,509.525
82,271
169,008,200
1,943,700
4,525
Manufactures of
4,250
Lead, pigs, bars, etc. (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
1,198,485
32,596
644,482
336,053
1,120.528
42,55T,856
139,552.207
473.810
184,684,936
17.830
8,944
28,938
934,149
1,596,725
5,210
2,591,796
Other Europe
222,169
26,671,077
139,648.154
1,268,315
169,008,200
4,224
435,067
1,456,320
15.493
1,943,700
British North America
Mexico
Other countries .
Total
Leather, and Manufactures of Leather (dut.)
Band or belting and sole leather
Calfskins, tanned, etc
157,128
53,395
3,716,259
2,410,862
6,337,644
155,860
176.578
3,081,770
2,210,937
5,625.145
Skins for morocco
Upper leather and skins, dressed, etc
Total leather
Manufactures of (dnt.) Gloves, of kid or other
leather
6,486.813
458,694
5,384,168
404.805
5.788,973
All other
Total manufactures
45cbu.
....40cgal.
Gloves Imported from Belgium...
372.0UJ
309,823
1.624,114
2.684.287
765,475
469
5,384.168
France <
2,271, (itS
2 610 175
Germany
Other Europe
1 232 (is!
Other countries
186
6,486,813
Total
Malt Barley dut. . . bu.
Malt Liquors (dut., gals.) In bottles or jugs
11,084
9.384
4,769
733.835
4.412
l,0tt,994 1.025,867
695,102
20 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
In other coverings
1,915.650
2,964,644
$534.426
1.560.293
1.777.202
2,511,037
$506,428
1,201,530
....20cgal.
...Various
...Various
. .6c sq. yd.
45
...Various
45$
Segal.
Segal.
... 40cgal.
...Various
...Various
...Various
..25 to 35 %
60clb.&45&
6056
Total
Manganese ore or oxide free, tons
Marble and Stone, and Manufactures of (dut.)
97,320
772,310
872,169
325,039
1,197.208
689.454
249,502
938.956
Stone. and manufactures of, including slate. . .
Total
Matting for floors free. rolls.
1,211,391
3,922.003
20.804
19.789.331
61.899
1.375.272
Matting and mats for floors dut.sq.yds.
Metals. Metal Compositions, and Manufactures
'519,458
3,599,140
4,118,598
511,493
3.340.614
3,852.107
Allother
Total
Musical 1 nstruments dut
1,147.926
920,094
Oils (gals.) Animal or rendered Whale and
flsfi dut
202.308
38.334
21.980
212,295
928,567
179,879
6,OH6
20,871
14.611
1,134,077
673.109
14.143
1,376.147
15,379
732,877
221,749
5,697
98,252
3,097
923,804
1,893,878
540.331
1.133.371
377,707
5,197.886
Other dut
Mineral free
Do dut . ..
Vegetable Fixed or expressed
Olive dut
725,998
1,624,313
Volatile or essential, and distilled.. free
261,210
5,594.111
Total
110.447
8.470
1,056.553
Do.' dut
1,276.906
Paper Stock, crude (free; see also wood pulp)
Rags, other than woolen IDS.
51,181,009
668.385
2,403,320
49,800,209
699,981
2,170,342
2,870,323
All other
Total
3,071,705
Paper Stock, crude Imported from
1.031,038
1,068.272
273,141
208.923
571.965
254.407
129,80
212.526
10.777
80.318
60,104
2,870,323
301.559
215.812
France
Germany
459,647
Italy . .
217,712
Other Europe
147.958
587.694
East Indies
34,362
38,994
Other countries
36,928
Total
3,071,705
Paper, and manufactures of dut
3,121,530
2,838,716
Paper and Manufactures of Imported from
United Kingdom
615,162
522,374
58.166
255.625
1,708,826
55.474
198.836
39,416
2.838.716
Belgium
92,960
France
196,583
Germany
1,922.582
Other Europe
60,937
Japan
205,929
Other countries
27,377
Total
3,121,530
Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc dut
Pipes and smokers' articles. dut
'"6,357
12,459
698,095
371,072
1,049,780
321,355
""6,603
11.154
432,011
259,864
1,032.192
472.401
35clb.
Plumbago free, tons
Provisions, Comprising Meat and Dairy Prod-
ucts (dut.) Meat products-
Meat and meat extracts
601,808
344,497
Dairy Products (Ibs.) Butter.. ...
37,963
12,319,122
6,077
1,668,796
58,467
2,384,632
31.801
10,012,164
5.427
1,343,168
67,629
1,840,420
....6c Ib.
6c Ib.
2c Ib.
Cheese
Milk, condensed
Total
Cheese (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
95,012
919.900
18,462
150.698
47,915
521,117
99,679
197.439
919,116
263.795
3,160,0(X>
8H7.085
30,537
146,860
34.215
417,816
96,100
France
Germany
381.900
3.tKV-'49
905.743
Italy
Netherlands
IMPORTS OF MEKCHANDISE. 21
1897.
1898.
Duty.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Switzerland
6,002,544
341,235
32,190
7,349
12,319,122
$783,767
41,861
4,391
906
1,668,796
4,346.580
224,886
27,365
5,892
10,012,164
$585.309
27,907
3,750
674
2c Ib.
&clb.
8-12cl001bs.
25cbu.
...Various
..Various
..Various
60*
British North America
Total
1,343,168
Rice (Ibs.) Rice dut
Do.. free
128.058,330
5,881,600
63,876,204
197.816.134
2,324,449
231,511
961,200
3,517,160
126,499,972
4.414.300
59,324,248
190.238.520
2,620.915
188,539
936,433
3,745.887
Rice flour, rice meal and broken rice. dut
Total
Salt (Ibs.) free .. ..
583,134,519
15,223,837
598,358,356
734,7191
19,179
753,898
26,053.890
316,200,327
342,254,217
34,168
490,491
524,659
Do dut... Ibs.
Total Ibs.
Sausage casings 4 ....free
488.755
Seeds (bu.) Linseed or flaxseed dut. ...
All other free
Do dut
Total
105,222
108,871
839.955
475,100
1,423.926
136,098
iso.sia
698,387
382,864
1.231.766
Shells, unmanufactured free
860,706
Silk, and Manufactures of Unmanufactured
(free.Jbs.) Cocoons
10.492
10,315,161
1,762,297
3,999
31,446.800
659,267
32,110,066
Raw, or as reeled from the cocoon.
6,513,612
1,479,832
18,496,944
421,339
18,918,283
"Waste
Total unmanufactured
Silk, Raw (Ibs.) Imported from France
Italy
233,005
865,972
1,800.587
3,474,875
139,173
6,513.612
751,846
3,019,515
4,364,392
10,010.885
350,306
18,496,944
339,934
1,742,157
2,612,279
5,217,181
403,610
10,315,161
1.192.008
6,250.671
6,311.188
16,510,502
1,182,431
31,446,800
China
Other countries
Total...
Manufactures of (dut.) Clothing, ready-made,
and other wearing apparel
Dress and piece goods
2,285,042
7,576,001
2,157,927
1,855,279
10,495,057
3.349,464
2,035,411
5,787,899
23,523,110
963.96S
50%
All other
12,216,128
25,199,067
..Various
....15clb.
....20clb.
Iclb.
Total manufactures
Manufactures of Imported from
United Kingdom
1,907,528
1,935,072
135.634
31,216
10,842.561
4,434.402
356.978
3,492.734
47,063
135,889
2,061,907
49,654
23,523,110
150.127
27,625
France
11,321,676
Germany
5,198,114
Italy
293,207
3,276.674
Other Europe ....
35.114
China
159,298
Japan
2,758.968
Other countries
70,741
Total
25,199,067
Soap (dut., Ibs.) Fancy, perfumed, etc....
1,095.007
352,309
414,067
766,376
592,687
254,441
244,065
498,506
All other
Total
Spices Unground (Ibs.) Nutmegs free. . . .
Pepper, black or white free
1,669.740
15,033,452
20,411.490
3,030,031
451,614
711,453
i,076.9t;:i
336,686
2,576.716
1,213,994
14,080. 1*1
13,784,413
2,658,695
331,235
909,711
898,992
264,686
2,404,624
Another free
Do dut.
Total
Nutmegs, Pepper, etc. (free, Ibs.) Imported
from United Kingdom
8,925,107
4,253,246
1,222,114
116,244
3,648.398
4.039 636
11.962.327
1,109,307
1,068,763
124,551
37,114,082
473,087
388,057
66,889
6,734
184.484
190.873
800.576
72,377
50.872
6,081
2,240,030
7.576,669
2.023,148
1,142,648
2,515
2,368,264
2,508.689
Ii,2b8,416
503,817
1,666,225
48.157
29,078,543
599,742
220,837
85,988
166
166,365
158,669
795,620
50,282
60,079
2,190
2,139,938
Netherlands
Other Europe
British North America
British West Indies
China
East Indies
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Other countries
Total
Spices. All Other (dut.) Imported from
United Kingdom
276,084
191,680
28,6(51
Other Europe
20,696!
22 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant '.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
$30.133
$30,408
13,877
. .$2.25 gal.
. . .Various
2056
9,773
Total
336.086
264.686
Spirits. Distilled (proof gals.) Of domestic man-
ufacture, returned (subject to in-
956.760
337,595
1,727,110
3.021.465
863,558
911,721
2,074,835
3,850,114
854,616
137.SXU
769,832
1,76-3.350
734,901
395,758
1,004.135
2.134.794
All other "..dut
Total
Spirits ( not of domestic manufacture, proof
gals.) Imported from United Kingdom..
645,583
37,182
801,491
119.133
29752
338,813
41,802
232.687
52.884
131.017
36,987
7,406
2,064.705
911.560
37,173
1.070,326
119,974
48,032
153,749
62,714
438,981
95,133
28,530
9,232
11,152
2,980.556
338.486
25,7:9
172,907
51,806
9.946
111.701
9.329
98,430
22,830
41,324
21,751
3,405
907.734
490.535
32.316
492,297
35,989
16.767
56.886
16,509
183,919
54.555
11.243
6,584
2,293
1,399.893
Italy
Netherlands
British North America
West Indies
China
Total
Sponges dut
487,143
401.725
Sugar, Molasses and Confectionery-
Molasses free. gals.
284.627
3,417.844
18,376
568,137
49,276
3,554.274
2,346
541,670
Segal.
... .1.95c Ib.
....4-50clb.
lOclb.
Molasses above 40 polariscoplc test.dut..gals.
Sugar (Ibs.) Not above No. 16 Dutch standard-
Beet dut
1865577495
431.196.9SO
2422995089
199,136,169
431,196.980
4187708753
33.689,158
13,164.379
47,284.494
4,928,150
13,161,879
85,901.802
140.641,485
198.760.798
1948423905
100,997,866
(98,766,798
3190083256
2.717.955
16.600.109
88,659,764
2,434,875
16 6T0.109
43.S12.594
Cane free
Above No. 16 Dutch standard-
Beet, cane and other dut
Total sugar ...}t re t e
Not above No. 16 Dutch standard (Ibs.), Im-
ported from United Kingdom
74.280,451
93.547.897
130.317,484
1.360,003
1,683,410
2,308,793
16,551,980
1,046,190
388.475
24,473
Belgium
Germany
1511401968
24.91)6,329
65,800,077
922,667
27,636,433
390.843
1,046.385
66,527
138.084.955
2,308.083
77.230
935,904
4.764.387
2,893,145
232.798,204
440,225.111
202.716,181
148.052,308
192.755,229
305.973
610.269.5ti6
49!l,7b6.79b
29,489,000
29H.058
64,435.286
258783218S
2,656.135
57,128
1,698
44.705
195.149
44,598
4.610,350
9.828.607
4.203.484
2.317.987
3,940.648
5.755
11.246.988
16.729.752
381.279
7,425
1,353,195
58,037,828
Netherlands '.....
Other Europe..
British North America
Central America
Mexico
1,412,255
322,103.80f
>76,261.05h
2H5.003.20S
140.773.tW2
243,487,721
888,096
645.344.707
431,196,980
72,463.577
171,841
149,950.690
471976956 :
19,111
5,893.877
11.953,994
3,956,325
2.136.989
5,012.422
7.034
13.264.848
13.lf4.379
1,199.202
3,183
3,034.27:>
94,iaS,031
West Indies
British
Cuba
Other West Indies
Brazil
East Indies
Philippine Islands
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Total
Above No. 16 Dutch standard (.Ibs.), imported
from United Kingdom
18,757,131
11,589.531
2.397.303
92 831103
446,976
273,617
34.884
2,207.588
1.520.090
306.1)81
132,014
4,928.150
4.991.263
690,933
6,093
37,100,4S5
38.107,744
6,794,681
13,300,057
100.997.8tVi
126.655
32,977
324
864.661
926,653
170,996
310.609
2,434,875
Austria-Hungary
France
57.252,335
11,115.476
5,193,290
China
Other countries
Total
Confectionery dut
Tea free Ibs
24.752
27,133
113,347,175
14,835,862
68,454.891
2,501.868
9.053,394
400.011
Do dut... Ibs.
Tea (Ibs.) Imported from United Kingdom.
British North America
6,212.008
2,551.371
56,483.924
2.120.003
45,465,161
1,165,786
390.788
7,281. H
272.683
5.651.279
3,011.390
1.320,214
38.tKl.s90
2,264,202
25.233.407
580.183
242.142
5,811.051
878,878
3.UM.663 1
China
East Indies
J apan
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 23
IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other Asia and Oceanica
454.111
00,597
Iia347.175
$57.226
10,241
14,885,862
303.179
2,477
70.956.75P
$34.951
712
10.054,005
....fl.851b.
. .35-55c Ib.
$4^1b&2556
Tl'.;.ll>A: }.-)'
35 %
45c bu.
....40c bu.
....25c bu.
40$
Total
Tin in bars, blocks, pigs, etc free..lbs.
Tin in Bars, etc. (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
50.460,123
0,535.852
63.938,889
8,770,151
20,903.129
3.385,20h
23,801 ,91'J
1.824.417
1,045,452
50,460.123
2,723,133
479.076
2.982.9C*)
236.409
114,274
6,535,852
21.622.583
3.7S3.2S.-.
3f>.782.625
1.572.314
178,079
63.938.889
3,122.562
532.924
4,882,412
213,651
24,602
8,776,151
Total
Tobacco and Manufactures of Leaf (dut., Ibs.)
suitable for cigar wrappers
Other
6,057.268
7,747.959
13,805,227
5.663.214
3,920,941
9,584,155
3.988.561
6.488,537
10.477.098
3,913,294
3,576.311
7.488.605
Total leaf
Tobacco, Leaf (Ibs.) Imported from
1,874,119
5.413,4^
486,614
67G.337
749.560
4,409,369
195,830
13,805,277
1.180,523
5,033.::'0.
161,505
566.501
297,262
2.300.00:5
39,099
9,581,155
395.801
3.6S5.435
489.875
395.241
578,548
4,340.475
585.718
10,477.098
213.601
3.595.3S2
150,575
253.B91
259.279
2,848,524
161,553
7.488,605
Mexico
Total
Manufactures of (dut. Ibs.) Cigars, cigarettes,
455,697
2,040,441
57,103
331,902
1.551,009
52,495
1,603,504
All other
Total manufactures
2,097,547
Toys dut
Toys Imported from France
3,295,057
2,214,482
198,027
93,183
2,020.045
72,080
29,174
2,214,482
2,979, 138
93,266
Other countries
24,626
Total
3,295,057
Vegetables (dut., bu.) Beans and dried peas...
Onions
482,984
560,138
216,178
489,274
627.273
145,584
332,243
16.1543
488.853
1,171,282
149.197
129,173
473,116
243,351
239,720
499,867
2.031.430
Potatoes
All Other In their natural state
256,752
720,822
2,571,948
25*
. . . -2&c Ib.
. .$2-$8 doz.
..40-50cgal.
...Various
..lc cu. ft.
J2M
30cM
...Various
. . .Various
35%
Iclb.
....Mclb.
Total
Wines (dut.) Champagne and oth'r sparkl'g.doz.
Still WTnes In casks gals.
22S.02S
2,997.a52
309,281
3.348.004
2.039.250
1,475,211
6,862,465
22)162!
1,930.389
209.337
3.264.323
1,392.605
1,312,252
5,969.180
Total
Wines Imported from United Kingdom
201.403
4 112 30T
222,042
3.7S3.074
917,180
280,747
736.551
29,586
5,909,180
1,358.929
Italy
319047
Other Europe
830,897
39,822
6862,465
Total
Wood, and Manufactures of Unmanufactured
(M It.) Cabinet woods Mahogany. free
All other free
15,129
656,976
5(4.490
14,679
799.149
900.187
2.430.089
22,416
17,118
1.055,126
2,452,252
7tiO,705
796,843
2,289,983
14,578
274.153
001,642
1,444,391
13.858.582
Logs and round timber ..free
Timber, hewn, etc free
333.727
4,743
2,61>.397
93,77?
896
9,072,202
3,719
275,547
815
138,780
107.953
245.074
435,22!'
Do dut.cu.f t.
Lumber boards, planks, etc free
Do - dut
883,735
46
Shingles dut. .M. .
Other lumber dut
18 979
All other unmanufactured free
Do dut
4,702.0.11
34
264,240
800,886
1,709,024
20,543,810
'"29*^6
Manufactures of (dut. ) Cabinetware or house-
furniture
"'il'.TTO
All other
Total wood and manufactures of
Mahogany (M ft.) Imported from
United Kingdom
4-18
3.996
131,0.51 1,35!
110.04:? 4,25;,
261,095
141,724
Central American States
24 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
1897.
1898.
Duty.
IMPORTS FEBB AND DUTIABLE.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Mexico
8,791
433
328
912
191
15,129
$321.800
22,777
22,867
31,964
9,675
656.976
7,160
40
125
1,662
85
14,679
$309.493
1,766
8.821
71,569
4,681
799,149
...Various
...Various
...Various
...Various
. ...20clb.
Cuba
Other West Indies
South America
Total
Boards, Planks, etc. (M ft.) Imported from
883,770
883.781
9,073,405
2,576
9,075.981
352,887
140
353.027
3,496,616
10,762
3,507.378
Other countries
Total
Wood Pulp (tons) Imported from
Germany
1,783
5,183
34,804
41,770
94.574
207.606
498,706
800,886
1.607
3,81)9
24,430
29.846
72,167
159.042
370,433
601.642
Other Europe
Total
Wools, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, etc., and
manufactures of Unmanufactured (Ibs.)-
Class 1, clothing: In the grease free
Do dut
Scoured free
176,350,510
24,468,569
27,824,507
' "6,457,149
10,902,270
32.159,202
2.274.045
107,570
3.197.646
1,107,917
15.310
5.186.116
77,841.550
2,197
1,479
21,577,584
111,217.718
1.841,523
5.461.318
643,069
23.701
631.929
224,452
3,218
473.820
7.4S0.3ol
208
115
3,593,767
13.189.925
Do dut
Class 2, combing: In the grease free
Do dut
37,627,967
7,119,201
Scoured free
Class 3, carpet: In the grease free
Do dut
Scoured free
Do dut
323.523
110,665,432
"1,476.025
68,419
11,599,886
""174,629
Total unmanufactured j J^. e
350,852,026
53,243,191
Wools (Ibs.) Imported from
Class 1 United Kingdom
107,515,170
18,982,124
4,283,671
4,692,933
3.159.935
3.162,993
34.281,656
20,074,328
1,154,631
6,729.538
14.205.227
3,279,363
45.443.08/
2,836,259
South America
Asia and Oceanica
36.0o6.984
18.618,721
21,591,923
200,759.079
841,377
3,516,665
476,237
7,969,611
Total
Class 2 United Kingdom
21,011,^83
1,073.903
7,374.463
8,339.497
22,454
129,190
37,951,490
4,297,774
249,781
1.448.137
1,173.810
3,639
14.479
7,187,620
3,090.310
35,119
969.549
222,533
646,550
7,935
177,506
28,411
British North America
Asia and Oceanica
3,362
4,320,873
199
859,599
Total
Class 3 United Kingdom. .
40.073.884
8,799,115
2.379,654
4.929.083
1,146.891
262,387
1,818,559
3.016
1.392,914
1.553.94T
661,534
5,5S4
11,773.915
42.830,248
3,146.122
1.053,930
19.147,436
29.988
10.589.418
20.308.26;
5,508,14]
417,792
83.031.342
2.622,959
a33.06U
111.093
1,925.507
1.751
862,321
1.510.1(to
552,777
34,843
7.954.482
Germany
16,214.393
33.054
16.4US.044
21.449,747
6,725,776
57,790
112,141,457
British North America.,
Other countries
Total
Manufactures of Wool Carbonized. dut. . Ibs
43,726
470,757
13,513
782,955
984,689
17,007,273
16,787.241
2.531.058
589,745
' 5,062,261
29,125.322
1,790,132
765,178
3,965,577
6,036.080
387.260
253.779
443,843
39,683
185,447
956,780
14.823.768
...Various
...Various
...Various
. ..Various
44clb.iOO<6
25clb.
Clothing, etc., except shawls and knit
Cloths. dut. ..Ibs
27,859,311
77,169,841
Dress goods, women'sand children's.. dut
sq. yds.
Knit fabrics dut
44.243.140
5.670,592
' i,842 356
5.220.793
1,714.865
464.835
956,543
2.699,227
49.162.992
1.724,489
1,574,282
'"331,889
Shawls dut
Yarns dut.. .Ibs
...Various
...Various
...Various
All other dut
Total manufactures
Carpets (sq. yds.) Imported from
352.988
78.114
6.085
22,4%
lui
470.T57
545,907
146.642
o.7(l9
69.914
24.TS3
782.955
211.895
245.693!
12.244
93,918
25,995
589.745
509.735
B88.18J
13.NS7
290,684
92.638
1.71)11,132
Other Asia and Oceanica
Total
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.
25
IMPORTS FHEE AND DUTIABLE.
Quant's. Values
1897.
1898.
Quant's. Values
Duty.
Cloth (Ibs.) Imported from
United Kingdom
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
France
Germany
Other Europe
Other countries
Total
Dress Gootis (sq. yds.) Imported from
United Kingdom ,
Fra nee
Germany
Other Europe ,
Other countries ,
Total
Zinc or Spelter, and Manufactures of (dut.) In
blocks or pigs, and old Ibs.
Manufactures of
Total
All other articles . free
Do dut
Total value of merchandise free
Total value of merchandise dut
Total value of Imports of merchandise. .
23,412.241 $13.056.678
202,782
565,244
421,165
3.280.769
18,542
13,568
27,859,311
179.451
465,051
447.181
2,887,136
10.059
11,717
17,007,273
4,062.973 $3,009,630
49,97*
106,321
111,760
720.854
3,580
6,797
5,062,261
47009
89,522
123,940
686.057
3,060
6,359
3,965,577
28,221,043
29,578,402
18,748,912
618,334
3,150
77,169,841
5.218,648
6.768,965
4,633,530
165,289
809
16,787,241
13.366,474
7.036.334
7,381.048
1,339.168
2,298
29,125.322
2,318,563
1.620.345
2,060.994
35,329
849
6,036.080
1,662,356
57.346
21,054
78.400
3,250,965
127,033
11,694
138,727
9,900,502
8.079.508
5,544,671
382.792.169
.764,730,412
2m.3S2.948
324,622,211
616,005,159
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE.
[Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1898.]
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
Quant's. Values.
1898.
Quant's. Values,
Agricultural Implements Mowers and reapers, and
parts of
Plows and cultivators, and parts of
All other, and parts of
Total. . .
$3,127,415
590,779
1,522,492
5,240,686
$5,500,665
927,250
1,181,817
7,609,732
Exported to United Kingdom
France
Germany .".
Other E urope . . .
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia ;
Other South America
East Indies (British)
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Other countries
642.317
710,818
1,070,241
464.!fi9
35.925
130.825
1,428
3,624
4,239
6,705
415,312
3,362
140,117
8,7(8
490,985
46.206
417,333
Total agricultural implements
Animals-Cattle (No.)-United Kingdom
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
West Indies and Bermuda
South America
Asia and Oceanica
Other countries
Total ...
_6,240,686
378,459 35,374',322
1.145.025
1,252.167
1,232,242
1,451.284
781,415
14,910
124,368
1,079
7,817
2,504
7.432
377.054
24,755
4.843
196,054
8,333
697,565
56,159
224,306
420
7,609,732
Hogs (No.) Un ited Kingdom .
British North America
Mexico
West Indies and Bermuda . .
3.648
6.812
397
690
1,982
44
157
1
392,190
888,125
459.036
16.561
29,186
133.308
3,134
8,434
350
36,357,451
378,951! 35,431,464
15,805!
98
1,953
42,119
285
1,088.239
7,058
78,400
1,232.157
7,462
2,720
439.255
37,827,500
3,768
22,164
r
539
17,883
2ti3,083
160
1.030
4.1 HI
4,097
1.463
7,987
24,940
44,487
11,556
26 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, ANJ> COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values .
Quant's.
Values.
fi
2,615
113
28.751
$110
13,487
736
295,998
24
3,636
122
14,411
$488
19,213
1,816
110,487
Asia and Oceanica '.
Other countries
Total
Horses (No.) United Kingdom
19,360
23
4,897
4,218
3,902
486
1,884
4,235
170
365
1
1
39.532
2,579,73b
8.500
822,250
467.365
478.574
33.172
88.978
234.320
11,655
39,190
400
125
4,769,265
22,068
72
7.913
7,559
9,476
3.063.348
9,000
1,161,750
169,170
883.824
12,795
85.490
132,982
5,700
' 34.925
17,585
France
234
1,416
1,924
21
350
117
West Indies and Bermuda
South America
Africa
Total
51.150
0,176,568
Mules No
7,47S
545.331
8,098
664,789
Sheep (No.) -United Kingdom . . ..
180,304
3,751
48,437
4,t>28
5,466
1,280
254
244.120
1,316,104
34.406
90.353
11.877
39.807
14.076
25.022
1.531.615
131,339
1
59,164
2,359
5.056
1,475
296
199,690
943,546
50
181.7H5
9.748
38,871
12,4(19
27.47
1,213,886
Other Europe
British North America
Mexico.. . .
West Indies and Bermuda
Other countries
Total
All other, and fowls
6S,771
250,175
46,243.406
Total animals
43,568,461
Artworks Paintings and statuary
301,362
273.521
329,994
41,827
382,001
351,567
174,861
Bark, and extract of, for tanning
241,979
Beeswax Ibs
(*)
| 384,937
280,140
*] 51,094
Blacking Stove polish
Allother
j
Bones, hoofs, horns and horn tips, strips and waste
Books, Maps, Engravings, and Other Printed Matter-
United Kingdom
890.087
841.098
30.454
102,385
62,402
722,049
34,264
125,006
550
22,506
1,332
26,967
26.614
153,770
17,484
43,558
15.836
12,831
27,608
92,706
33.521
41,384
2.434.325
France
44,613
Germany
112,153
Other Europe .'
3S.S70
British North America
612,588
69,564
Central American States and British Honduras
161.343
1,336
221,251
Cuba
Puerto Rico
5,250
Other West Indies and Bermuda
29.067
Argentina
25,313
Brazil
128,214
72.389
Other South America
53,846
China
16.520
East Indies (British)
8.041
23.689
67,275
Other Asia and Oceanica
32,320
33,81
Total
2,647,548
Brass, and Manufactures of
1,171,431
1,320,093
Breadstuffs Barley bu
20,030,301
15,2i4'.6i9
1.677,102
7,646,384
""697',695
678.959
11,237.077
91,189
15,990,258
1.370,403
6,542,040
1,329,519
788,av4
589.285
Bran, middlings and mill feed tons.
Bread and biscuit Ibs.
Buckwheat bu.
Corn (bu.) United Kingdom
75,489.129
7.092,156
31,784,181
40,444.535
9.506.877
107.672
8,825.8tW
1,087
689,846
1.200
710.819
38.235
22,952,199
2,113,628
9,881.821
11.4)30,336
2,541.453
50,421
3,233,781
389
247,905
433
271.366
13.921
82~,876~8tH
11.465.121
39,246,387
48.211,439
23,476.509
130.227
125,310
409
1.055.512
200
739,543
95.419
29,580,758
3,991,172
14.166,476
17.203.435
7,850.840
70.965
43.557
166
415,803
80
314.120
38,186
France
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Santo Domingo ...
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
South America
*Returned under "All other unenumerated articles" prior to July, 1897.
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 27
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
278,941
1,941,3(57
4,560
176,916,3(55
$106,149
741,898
1,452
54,087,152
15,261
1,302,442
4,29ti
208,744,188
$10,168
509,516
1,608
74.196,850
Africa
Total
475,263
35.096.736
47.810,251
8,560.271
2,666
902,061
8,75t>,20
1.071.340
3,667.505
7,336
827.651
88,180,387
83.500.270
15,541,575
3,410
1,766,068
20,632,914
1,757,978
8,825,709
11,815
Kye bu.
Rye flour brls.
Wheat (bu.) United Kingdom
55,742.089
2(51.422
3.000.477
41,975,05.
185.00R
1.W7.039
80,163,805
30.041,2811
3,218,401
22,124.014
6,116.901
41,540
1,384
1,857,433
102,316
70.663
5,493,470
148,231,261
7(5.834,524
124:543
21,307.934
5.104.800
43,808
41
1,580
1,705,171
85.395
59,6(i7
4,850,946
145.684.659
8^04852
5,581.151
80,575
40
1,539
178,423
1,829.591
996,788
3,381,473
79,562,020
t!.300.919
3,975.433
71,236
32
1,363
165.292
1,538.846
7(59.646
2,939,110
59,920.178
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
South America
British Australasia
Africa
Total
Wheat Flour (brls.) United Kingdom
8,25ti,630
408
169,363
808,531
709,873
280,530
24,659
35,968
132,738
126,933
868,886
786,378
133,254
878,207
18,270
7,608
237,126
318.078
1,049,554
214,402
12,154
14,569,545
30,92f..512
1,350
613.309
2.754.203
2,748.355
1,190,324
96,762
163,078
564,638
516,188
3,625,122
3,541,579
580.237
1,500.624
72,100
28,953
819,620
1,310,175
3,8M).108
964,004
48,106
55,914,347
9,132,465
3,826
190,039
1,282,457
557,471
250,228
19,240
35,889
245,293
90.578
770,289
637.592
115,256
365,290
19,609
8,866
161,654
41.845
1,078,809
332,553
10,694
15,349,943
41,083,120
16,990
851,713
5,146.080
2,707,203
1,183,182
86.848
197.338
1,160,736
450,493
3,836,418
3,2 10,3)3
541,147
1,740.204
89,305
39.678
644,039
174,1 8
4,450,210
1,511.966
62,578
69,263,718
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Cuba
Other West Indies and Bermuda*
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
China
East Indies (British)
Japan
British Australasia
Other Asia and Ocean ica
Africa .
Other countries
Total
Preparations of, for table food
1 4,508,025
197,857,219
(
1,765,207
1,743,033
333,897.119
AH other
1
Total breadstuff's
Bricks Building . M
4,732
30,213
118,176
148,389
4,368
30,014
127,200
157,274
Kire
Total
Broom corn
136007
1(53,0156
158,272
282,214
186,056
216,565
Candles :...lbs.
2,673,717
3.072,36i)
Carriages, Cars, Other Vehicles, and Parts of Cars, pas-
senger and freight, and parts cf For steam railways.
For other railways
I 990,950
( ..
1,478,188
260.393
1,685,838
3,424,419
\
1,955,760
2,946,710
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
France
675,000
26,076
606.CT1
71,031
103.583
0,8H5
183.233
45,149
608,(W)
24,111
22,194
5,821
75,067
237,506
561.773
43.028
79934
29.098
10.752
10,967
64,966
41,507
126,553
155,143
615,468
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Santo Domingo
2",588
Cuba
12957
Puerto Rico
10,240
106140
149766
Other West Indies and Bermuda.
Argentina
119,334
65718
47,042
1,663
China *
East Indies (British)
7,843
Japan
1,418
28 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
British Australasia
$351 88fi
$324.890
58.89C
359,139
Other Asia and Oceanica
44 752
412,642
8
2.946,710
Other countries
Total
3,424,419
Cycles and Parts of United Kingdom
2,375.675
262 60ti
1,852,166
482.680
1,724.401
949,502
614.003
8.267
68,022
1,171
9,214
3,359
84,393
90,229
98,482
15.684
48,966
27,449
90,388
88.905
309.006
81.164
197,365
1,710
6,846.529
Germany
1 026 346
Other Europe
1 194 988
British North America
734 493
Central American States and British Honduras
53,801
73 117
Santo Domingo
4|908
Puerto Rico
4.016
4120
Other West Indies and Bermuda
132607
42091
29,355
24290
73.507
18,410
China
East Indies (British)
18326
52 179
British Australasia
692,894
Other Asia and Oceanica
61,398
135.979
217
7,005,323
Total
Total carriages, cars, etc
9.952.U3c
10.270.948
1 514 651
1.821.702
*1;V>.261
86,208
CM
Cement..' brls.
38,490
48.836
Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes and Medicines Acids
102,483
21,727
115,050
33,410
475,717
442,967
638,446
537.856
2,460,669
147.839
4,589,809
9.441,763
611,830
899.841
14,736,373
Dyes and dyestuffs
450,009
179,573
840,68b
174,063
37,496,288
Medicines, patent or proprietary
2287 744
Roots, herbs and barks, n. e. s
154,347
All other
5930582
Total ..:
9,787,578
Cider gals.
(*)
(*)
465,87c
60,063
968,911
801,491
955.557
771.912
1,727,469
Watches, and parts of
Total
1.770.402
Exported to United Kingdom
(i0385b
646,436
11,219
14.216
33.522
349.198
6.998
20,128
12.059
28,065
40,898
85.040
18,504
48.943
163,438
152.722
28.744
70,032
307
1.727.469
France
11,050
Germany
14,50;
31 07S
British North America
344946
Central American States and British Honduras
12474
25,llb
11 45b
Argentina
34,902
Brazil
59,52(
102019
China
31.242
East Indies (British)
37 493
177607
British Australasia
165,420
21.832
85,303
85
1,770,402
Total
Coal and Coke Coal (tons) Anthracite
1.274,417
2,384,0(11
3,658,4*
5,678,198
5,330,445
11.008,643
1,326,582
2,682.414
4.008.996
5,906.171
5,777,5:8
11.683.749
Total coal
Exported to (tons) United Kingdom
55
779
198
6.9& 1 ;
2,975.813
241
3,985
470
48,733
9,076.507
53
2.057
37
5.904
3.1S6.745
550
11,322
156
37,341
9.510.922
British North America ?
Returned under "All other unenumerated articles" prior to July, 1897.
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 29
EXPORTS, AND POUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
7.411
221,031
6,415
254.244
22,785
124,513
16,353
11,690
8,296
1,114
854
3,658,486
155,972
$28,000
649.955
26,211
632,896
58,977
325.862
88,080
25,175
32,548
7,605
3,338
11,008,643
547.046 1
5.668
340.426
3,384
208,124
9.766
188.419
17,570
16,109
6,165
14,018
4,551
4,008,996
212.021
$19,335
974.040
11,288
459.805
21,014
432.163
93,778
38,284
28,425
43,352
9,74|
11,683,749
608,784
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Brazil
Other South America.
Asia and Oceanlca
Total coal . . .
Coke tons
Coffee and cocoa, ground or prepared, and chocolate
Copper, and Manufactures of Ore (tons)
United Kingdom
128.078
137,369
13,960
1,889,564
5,886
2
2,507
8,395
579,939
300
243,926
824,165
Other countries
1,041
15,001
170,215
2,059,779
Total
Ingots, bars and old (Ibs.) United Ki ngdom
70,619.998
56.270,720
28,553,912
117,469,132
354,891
96,698
28,461
279,393,807
8,283.175
6.272,952
3,167,670
12.934,686
38.591
11.046
3,477
30,711.597
909,528
72,306,274
60,656,376
32,898.962
111,431.982
1,398.565
186,545
77,937
278,936641
8,079,164
6,770,671
3,705.937
12,332,912
155.215
22.583
9,154
31,075,636
1,105.236
32.180,872
Other Europe
Mexico
Other countries
Total
Manufactures of
Total copper and manuf 's of, not including ore
Cork, manufactures of
31,621,125
(*)
*45,891
Cotton and Manufactures of Unmanufactured (Ibs.)
Sea Island
21,585,360
3082169589
3103754949
4078,044
15,610,302
3884653993
3850264295
2,767,291
227,674,924
230,442,215
Upland and other
226,812,927
230.890,971
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
1563592959
US.012,461
585,788,341
408.875,745
40.203.937
ll7.2iB.717
26,110.302
50,2(14.855
30.491,88t
3,137,860
1,236,447
1497
1766050390
421,018.931
929.2(8,297
532,654,257
61,247,259
21,216,287
105,853,614
24,599.724
54,886,245
3UI38.894
3.961,586
1,321,473
Other Europe
British North America
Mexico
15,103,138
19,020
32,011.252
139,178
8,415
3103754949
South America
2,345,01b
9,742
649
230.890,971
112,106.823
6,699,498
8553
7,428,226
451,800
653
230,442,215
Total unmanufactured
3850054295
Waste Ibs.
12,521.574
511,004
Manufactures of Cloths (yds.), colored
U ncolored
83.40!),44i
230,123,603
313.533,044
4,770,231
12,511,388
17,281,620
79.U5.37b
191,092,442
270.507,818
4,138.887
9,151,936
13,290,823
Total
Exported to (yds.) United Kingdom
11,094,345
663.346
1,588,698
687,603
29.460.860
11.581,098
5.577,808
1,837.647
291,263
110,698
13,453,938
3,262,983
8,331,321
8,738,984
26,7.078
140.121,035
3,670.360
2,626.981
651.432
29.2t6.624
16,284,31!
78,674
830,421
33.233
95,672
62,397
1,775,483
599. 12h
366,753
92.831
25.008
7,057
794,70fc
270,844
607.019
382,54*
1.3ti4.!)0i
7,438.203
199,880
141.264
68.423
1,372,265
748.23(
5350
10,765,64
726.284
8.878
43.096
91.877
783.985
396.510
415,910
120.167
12,1(53
2.206
793.175
181,8(58
566.921
261.803
1,12(5.871
5.195.845
022,293
47.107
114,088
1,176,052
579,428
5,296
13,290,823
163,687
487,387
1,382,134
14,116,228
8,496,741
6.679,429
2,642.038
188,889
22.87f
13.598.473
2,673,651
8.6(ili.68b
5.857,768
24.0i,0.968
115,492.797
13,291,87!
578,741
1,148,627
26.648,521
13,554,743
100,641
270,507.818
Other Europe
British North America
Mexico
Cuba
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Brazil
Other South America
China
East Indies (British)
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
Total cloths
313,533,044
17,281.620
* Returned under " All other unenumerated articles" prior to July, 1897.
30 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Other Manufactures of Wearing apparel
$878804
$934,192
283.1.43
2,515.434
3.733,269
1 2,877,254
3,756.058
-| 7,090,908
All other
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
467656
380.0S9
4,478
190.041
69.350
1,681.645
214.246
334,663
18,491
11,715
1.678
96.900
34,726
50,828
44.764
35,410
7.582
1.882
167,274
327.467
52.728
7,312
3,733,269
17,024,092
10492
Germany
219,069
Other Europe
51817
British North America .-;
1,351,179
Central American States and British Honduras
240.683
346139
Santo Domingo
31.012
Cuba
42,444
4,945
Puerto Rico
83305
Argentina
66.845
67,975
54,832
Other South America
56.683
China
22,775
4,055
181,397
East Indies (British)
371.736
Africa
70.232
10,787
3,756,058
Total manufactures of
21.037.078
Earthen, Stone and China Ware Earthen and stone ware
152,272
193.334
39.658
232.992
25,560
177,832
Total
Eggs doz
1,300,183
180.954
(*)
2.754,810
448,370
*157.553
Feathers
Fertilizers , tons
530,313
5.005,929
474,230
4,359.834
Fertilizers (tons) United Kingdom
146.513
32,770
195,825
945.549
279.006
1.944411
98,315
14.864
183.231
147,377
4,574
1
21
2,422
74
23,141
210
474.230 1
779.657
83,130
1.738.351
1,184.193
93.470
40
537
56,475
3.378
417,735
2,868
4.359,834
France
Other Europe
135,874
4,409
4
10
3,256
88
11,371
193
530,313
1,341.791
86.373
121
253
70,320
1.268
324.006
3.831
5,005.929
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
West Ind ies and Bermuda
South America
Other countries
Total '..
Fibers, Vegetable, and Textile Grasses Manufactures of
498.373
556.926
57H.140
1,091.576
332,823
2.557.465
Cordage Ibs
10,735,443
583,267
802,563
10,104. 127
Twine
Allother
331,981
2,216.184
Total
Fish Fresh, other than salmon Ibs
Dried, smoked, or cured Cod, haddock, hake and
1,078,359
10.598,963
5.600.570
710994
59,563
396.422
105,770,
38,571
28,990
84,978
3 215 798
1,250,055
7.969.681
3.701.526
1.093.327
1.370
20.345
27,279,455
48,878
300.953
74,844
48.442
14,830
75.4(13
2564017
Herring Ibs
Other Ibs
Pickled Mackerel brls
3.001
22,889
35,303.299
Other brls
284,891
332.1B3
146,510
*1U5,HU
586.401
266.406
20,840
4,674.657
Canned fish, other than salmon and shellfish
Caviare
213,669
623,285
Shellfish Oysters
Other
309,498
(*)
5,361.435
Total
30.775.401
1.503.9S1
1,340,159
2,371,143
(t)
III
2 172 199
31,031.251
605.390
1,897.725
1.684,717
1339.396
1,021.888
1W.062
2,033.845
Apples, green or ripe brls.
(fj
.(t)
H5.94U.791
+3,109,639
'Returned under "All other unenuuierated articles'' prior to July, 1897.
tReturned under "All other green, ripe, or dried fruit'' prior to July. 1897.
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 31
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Qua (it's.
Values.
$1,686,723
$1,624,741
82.504
161,432
9,013.310
Other
43,276
Nuts
Total
7,739.305
3,683,577
3.415.616
747. 38S)
1.644.723
1.195.547
1.202,998
35.716
58,513
1,394
38,175
2,348
56,096
9,853
11.751
10,517
23.892
31,785
12.853
293.757
129.279
90,261
847
9.013,310
V > niw Unittutt. g
301.380
1,080,304
t'anv " "
OH IP "i ro'n'p ' ' '
1,087.809
R tt h N th America' "
750.752
58,976
72.654
2,388
46,745
Santo Domingo :
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Otber West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
56.894
4,610
11,528
9,472
Other South America
China
East Indies (British)
18,119
13,175
311,625
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
109,734
79,740
204
7,739,305
Other countries
Total fruits and nuts
Furniture of metal
21,758
2,432,774
2,020.459
15,197
527.220
15.271
386,793
21,725
2,986.970
f
579,861-
8.87>
249.11fa
12,69;
Total
3,284.349
13,369
1,194,818
23,480
1,187,604
1,211,084
All other
Total
1,208.187
Glucose or grape sugar Ibs .
Glue Ibs.
194,419,250
1.400,868
2,736,674
132.581
2,070.111
196.860.605
2,318.711
2,871.839
209.441
1.964.565
Grease, grease scraps, and all soap stock
1,086,465
118,00
1,202.971
139.6J4
1,255,762
1,395.406
1,437,317
Total
1,555.318
Hair, and manufactures of
517.469
635,716
1,151,273
Hay tons
61,658
845,5!K)
81,827
Hides and Skins, Other than Furs (Ibs.)
United Kingdom
2,098.358
4,829.171
8.333,374
1,859,284
13,513.923
12,933
289,8*
4,06i
28,808
13,60t
135,700
46
31,119, 16t
157,030
404.728
652,613
184,714
943,937
1,41
31,243
554
1,892
1,385
9,001
23
2,388,530
318.551
687,73d
4 8?J 327
29,456
67.382
392.292
54,492
460,325
Other Europe
382.021
British North America
5,142.93"
19,117
1,472
20.200
2,676
West Indies and Bermuda
163
1,205
Japan
Other Asia and Oceanica
80.962
3,751)
ll,53<i.073
6,650
391
1.015,032
Total
Honey .*
22.368
98.504
Hops (Ibs.) United Kingdom
9,913,152
1,159,28.
15,809.457
1.935
282.374
21. 335
290.772
122
3,097
49o
6,734
8.615
27.008
682.580
23,448
3,697
2,468.853
280
35,185
3,279
32.425
19
389
54
773
1.248
3,760
93,101
3,020
3'.3
2,642.779
British North America ,
369,188
22,50
474.132
2,910
2,242
2.505
7,213
10,525
86,161
552,44^
33,26t
31,5%
2.655
55,618
287
247
266
736
1,287
2,824
46,450
3,04
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
East Indies (British)
Total '
11.426.24
1.304,183
17.161.OtM
32 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Ice tons
26,454
51,560
22,542
J38.116
India Rubber and Gutta Percha, manufactures of Boots
and shoes pairs
306,026
195.499
1,611 646
391,832
224.705
1,499,133
1,723,838 :
Allother
Total
], 807,145
India rubber, scrap and old
257.663
Ink Printers'
Other
\ 162,955
162.955
)
113,924
90.003;
203,927
Total
Instruments and Apparatus for scientific purposes, includ-
ing telegraph, telephone, and other electric-
United Kingdom
437086
538,293
174,316
234.942
239,618
305.G16
58,711
287,270
88,815
109,696
88,233
123.800
31.199
230,197
57,893
107,973
94,637
194
2,770.803
France
298133
Germany
240.577
313667
Other Europe
British North America
310.589
97.453
284 714
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
West Indies and Bermuda
102,879
Argentina
157,564
110,468
Brazil
Other South America
210.037
China
5,813
148,271
58.348
Japan
British Australasia
Other Asia andOceanica
82,188
Africa
196,666
Other countries
Total
3,054,453
[ron and Steel, and Manufactures of Iron ore tons
9,770
| 168,890
16,566
7,764.206
92,507,017
4.181
107,991
34,168
2,331,771
193.503
126.646
1,121.000
79.488
2,482.208
11.537
v 8,403
1 227,465
60.195
12.308.615
36,151.791
2,769
229,783
16.100
8,476,988
32.409.526
9.087.0T1
27,360,934
20.827
30,585
136,9f>1.294
21,006
34.224
344.743
2,385.252
632.334
181,845
451.468
37.150
4,613,376
290.827
47.327
330,022
182,809
354,579
Ma
1.183,482;
2,593,194
129,446
804,975
31,151
125.377
672.223
Pig iron Ferro-manganese tons
Allother tons
Scrap and old, fit only for remanufacture tons
Bars or rods of steel, other than wire Ibs
Bars or rails for railways Iron tons
Steel tons
Billets, ingots and blooms tons
Hoop, band and scroll IDS.
860,864
16,984
Rods, wire, of steel Ibs.
Sheets and plates Iron Ibs.
4,273,349
5,394,423
92.332
118,965
Steel Ibs.
Wire Ibs
107.729.155
18,550
2,242.617
112.187
989,432
Car wheels No.
Castings, n. e. s
Cutlery Table .... ....
\ 178,381
644,992
('.'.'.
I... ....
Firearms
Builders' hard ware and saws and tools Locks, hinges
4 152,836
3,907.796
206.799
2,223,737
6.428.332
2.474,630
Tools, n. e. s
Total
6.627,466
Exported to United Kingdom
1,670.057
1,585.UU9
181.806
778.623
555.568
722,178
82.462
458.684
13.197
185.506
568448
440269
554 441
Central American States and British Honduras
149.211
622,488
11,283
84072
56.961
9,439
Puerto Rico
15,299
Other West Indies and Bermuda
74.903
228,344
147.958
Brazil
246.819
lll>,860
160.884
9U.309
252.851
205,323
19.609
22.066
76.514
877.t35
108.850
208.622
China.. ..
31,463
East Indies (British)
25,002
45.910
969,774
73,084
257,2861
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 33
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values .
Qua it'.
Vahies.
Other countries
$4,096
$3,716
6,428.332
Total builders' hardware, etc
6,627,466
Machinery, Machines, and Parts of Electrical
2,052.564
4,618,683
874,515
2,023.034
Printing presses, and parts of
649,710
Pumps and pumping machinery
Sewing Machines, and Parts of United Kingdom
1,074.489
123.606
879,650
102.824
861.687
211.643
141.222
30.312
197,642
1,282
2,785
3.120
Germany
761,229
194,468
British North America
103.119
88.117
199 ON!
Santo Domingo
],798
Cuba
3,199
2242
Other West Indies and Bermuda
17,929
17,471
77,188
95.966
82.359
101.289
3.848
4.363
5.883
274.154
30,961
10,556
159
3,136,364
101,628
Brazil
114.555
113043
Other South America
117.88S
China
9.505
Kast Indies (British) . . .
2,814
7275
249.510
35.642
18,903
Africa
264
3,340,241
Total
Shoe machinery
895.788
7.497
3.8H3.71!)
393.570
927.552
Steam engines, and parts of Fire engines No.
2
338
423
6.790
3,225.831
323,418
671.901
9
468
565
Boilers and parts of engines
Typewriting machines, and parts of United Kingdom...
France
731.152
99222
896,575
Ui.ttW
425,014
232,253
51,752
2,360
28.900
90
1,457
65
4.225
18,187
4,945
4,228
U.652
Germany
228,710
Other Europe
175,976
British North America
30710
Central American States and British Honduras
13270
25298
267
2,745
Cuba....;
*
Puerto Rico
590
5.540
11914
Brazil
4,006
3,995
Other South America
11,278
China '.
3,672
2.642
9,014
4.220
60,039
9,985
36,342
1,902,153
13.336,930
East Indies (British)
7,608
4.858
67.622
5062
Africa
19,622
Total
1,453.117
19,771.856
Allother
Nails and Spikes (Ibs.) Cut
26,476.585
\ 9,911,714
519,471
357,541
42.310.393
\228SW099
( t308,(J82
612.234
458.787
245.722
3,092.016
87,614
343,200
382,980
9,266,731
70.367,527
Wire
Safes No
1,349
381886
325625
All other manufactures of iron and steel
Total iron and steel, etc., not including ore
9,112,403
57,497,872
Jewelry, and Other Manufactures of Gold and Silver-
J- 658,678
658,67b
1
555.719
192,061
747,780
^. .......
Total
Lamps, chandeliers, and all other devices for illuminating
purposes
710,997
672,010
Lead, and Manufactures of (Ibs.) Pigs, bars, and old
17,632,455
474,690
| 181,398
656,088
32,560
j 301.988
1.462
104.404
117,152
223.018
All other
Total
34 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AXD COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant'g.
Values.
Quant'g.
Values.
Leather, and Manufactures of Leather, sole (Ibs.)
United Kingdom
29.737.380
230.276
6.066.132
488.037
44.609
15.788
l.a>1.058
187,271
271.097
170.781
118,885
3S.38i.3U
$1,906.786
45.101
1,100.189
82,722
8,826
3,108
213.853
38.571
54.319
33,123
23.806
6.510.404
30.019.394
305.900
4.201.948
1.056.205
41.828
13,950
1,5(8.105
178.522
192.118
166.538
44,511
37,813.019
$5.125.572
liO.305]
787.867
203.1(51
8.672
9.071
327.836
37.724
40.935
34,539
8,871
6.644.553
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
West Indies and Bermuda
South America
Japan
British Australasia ,
Africa
Other countries
Total
Leather, other Upper leather Kid, glazed
| 313,151
8.793,902
* . .
251,288
R3.847
9.919.598
857,123
11.151.851
Patent or enameled
\........
Splits, buff, grain, and all other
All other leather .
813,798
9.920,851
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
7,511,770
8,025,217
291.228
587.602
1.162.151
674.893
4.713
9,310
569
2,298
1,394
15,105
4.360
54,022
4.763
12,658
239.474
37,678
23,886
530
11,151,851
t>ance
173.618
317,174
Germany
Other Europe
984.165
British North America
654,001
5.143
16,456
1.177
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Cuba
1,217
839
16,032
4.055
18.914
2.388
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America . .. '
14,242
172,316
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
18,756
Africa
28,185
403
9,920,*)!
Total leather, other
300.978
17,119
352.755
26.778
68.572
36.113
285.054
88.907
87.669
290.516
41.735
28.574
235.679
177.418
93.247
3,521
1,816.538
France v
15,368
32,399
Other Europe .. ...
227.67$
Central American States and British Honduras
98.678
58.639
234,878
West Indies and Bermuda ...
42.719
26.481
403,787
129,955
Africa
87,37(
2,174
1,708.224
Total
246,499
775.468
19,161,446
214.665
1.286,033
21.113,640
All other.
Total leather and manufactures of
Lime brls.
78,72b
72,311
48,887
42.268
Malt Liquors In bottles doz
549.910
390,018
636.837
87,112
723.94S
40H,231
391.8J2
497.031
88,548
585.579
Total
Marble and Stone, and Manufactures of Unmanufacturet
Manufactures of Rooting slate
66,665
780,112
'.15.953
1.370.075
422.507
1.888.535
All other
536,703
1.383,480
Total
Matches
70.988
78.548
13.725
82b
799,132
214.848
262.736
13.421
987
742.963
232,144
408.760
1.383.867
Total
1.276.71?
Naval Stores Resin, tar, turpentine, and pitch (brls.)
2,429. lib
17.640
18,020
'->.465.i;7b
4,688,1(53
34.878
44,36b
4.707.41)7
2.206.2113
19.31h
19,225
2,-m,744
3.689.252
36.475
48.611
3.774,338
Tar
Total
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 35
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values .
Quant's.
Values.
Exported to (brls.) United Kingdom
726.042
610.993
713,760
54,657
9,080
2.343
2,083
4,839
523
8.322
34,210
124.427
9.029
46,034
3.230
9.574
42,826
62,279
1,396
29
2,465,676
$1,523.543
1,122.761
1,301.391
116.123
24,151
6.91C
6,036
9,398
1,045
18,808
75,851
234.731
19,163
95,528
6,307
20,446
83.668
99.433
3,042
72
4,767.407
614.203
520.427
698.053
49.960
5.774
5,323
2,895
4,077
404
7.537
53,782
113,058
6.037
49,753
2,139
8.067
60.288
42.979
952
36
2,244.744
$1.068,255
843,611
1,102.578
111.482
15.459
10,212
6,156
7,543
814
15,853
95.161
194.409
13,102
95.878
4.635
17.762
106.564
62.726
2,046
92
3,774,338
Cuba
Puerto Rico ...
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
China
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica.. .
Africa
Other countries
Total resin, tar, etc
Turpentine, Spirits of (gals.) United Kingdom
8.478.694
2.418.796
4,922.738
491,050
13,377
7.612
959
63.616
9,890
2.111.852
613,772
1,270,136
132,670
4,346
2,667
312
18,800
3,174
8.835
80.264
46.722
5.781
36,672
3.701
8.651
96.843
4.134
7.508.837
2,810,720
6,079.499
670,432
7,468
10.071
1,229
48,149
4,675
22.310
335.677
202.207
11.757
169.334
6.655
12.500
368.593
20.550
60066
411
18,351,140
2.156.130
797.125
1,753.074
207.600
3.029
3.626
491
15,352
1,648
7,785
129.506
74.1481
4.513
ei.a-u 1
2.494
4.088
126 553
7.358 '
24.192,
160
5,380,806
9.155.144
Germany
Other Europe
British North America.
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Cuba
Other West Indies and Bermuda
27,865
168.350
152,401
15.620
113,151
11,250
27,750
294,879
14.470
70,254
101
17,302,823
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
China .
Japan
British Australasia
Africa
28,183
1
4,447.551
9.214.958
Other countries
Total
Total naval stores
Nickel, nickel oxide and matte... Ibs-
3,246,209
725,309
5,699,109
1,402.803
96,330
N ursery stock
Oil Cake and Oil-Cake Meal (Ibs.) Cottonseed
i23,:{8.63s
433,10M48
1056493086
5.515,800
4,095,244
919.727,701
436.206,321
1355934022
8,040.710
4,540,824
12,681,534
Flaxseed or linseed
Total
9,611,044
Exported to (Ibs.) United Kingdom
350,698,838
31.7tti.258
311.52ti.721
348.15->,367
1.100.497
12,594.713
560.417
156,275
1056493086
3,170,883
266,749
2,827.285
3.198.01:
10,310
130,600
6.619
1,555
9,611,044
351.137.738
67.313.237
433. 308.664
487.844.589
3.519.i6
12,29fi,858
301.282
121.988
1355934022
3,295.959
629,9ti7
3.795.548
4.6BU27
36.571
157.178
3.724
1,460
12,681,534
France
Other Europe
British North America
South America
Other countries
Total oil cake and oil-cake meal
Oilcloths For floors.
29.429
89,212
118.641
Other
Total
Oils Animal (gals ) Fish
W.21I
961.407
55.129
112,555
1,927,302
155,052
419,803
21,233
47,836
643,924
585.!'30
775.102
83,302
123.711
1.568.045
IDS. 114
305.835
- 37,726
50,587
502,332
hard
Whale
Other
Total animal
Mineral, crude, including all "natural oils, without
regard to gravity (gals.) France
100,153,929
18,225.S4
18.390
T.090.ai3
4,772.589
623,958
4,584,562
795,845
89!
849,021
296,849
59.67
BEtin
6,171,852
a>,125.657
16,042,1102
100
7.713.859
3.S "9.463
585.290
1.026
113,297.397
3,221.437
544,761
8
317,514
207.1149
51.808
86
4,343,262
OtherEurope
British North America
Mexico
Cuba . ..
Puerto Rico
Other countries
841,140
131,726.243
Total
36 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values .
Quant's.
Values.
Mineral. Refined or Manufactured, not including residu-
um (gals.) Naphthas, including all lighter products
of distillation
14.249.028
'71.3oO.iao
50,199,345
335.798,999
$1,123,347
48.543,916
6,619,864
56,287.127
16,252,929
824.426.581
60,319,3t>5
900.998.875
$1,080.797
42.SW2.682
7,239,454
51.242.933
Illuminating
Total
Exported to (gals.) Onited Kingdom
213,627,108
9.005,114
124,2l!l,435
244,330,854
10.013,517
13,240.527
932,938
6,617,189
14,165.611
724,447
146,789
174,107
62.48*
10,067
33,375
376,638
1,0(.214
212.265,563
12.835.631
152,203.222
260,431,311;
11.087.502
1,064.980
1,106.853
679.825
243,202
200,542
4.108.714
11.099,132
11.157.459
1,133.288
e.838.404
12,431.565
737.389
112,834
184.088
50.051
31.358
22.677
338,299
1.007.498
1,532.231
103.145
967,007
2,865.095
2.577,216
3.815.125
1.9S5.(i05
2.234.91 8
1,114,103
3,458
51.242,933
Germany
Other Europe
l,25(i.760
836.628
520,671
68,747
276,195
4,224.737
10.394,716
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Cuba..
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
Brazil.
20.51)3,698
1,245,185
10,213,795
42,627,184
21,361 ,346
47,411,176
16,837,914
46,111,698
10,474,918
63,548
835798,999
1,642,912
121,861
moat
3,371,937
1,897.651
4.222,383
1,915,69!
3.512,417
1,072,522
5,277
56,287,127
20.501.084
1.069.622
11.283.540
44.523.552
35.752.592
53,398.185
20.495.398
34.353.65<
12,292.744
42,020
900,998,875
Colombia . v
China f
East Indies (British)
J apan
Africa -.
Total mineral, refined or manufactured (not includ-
ing residuum)
Residuum, including tar, and all other, from which the
142,612
176,058
56,463,185
475,562
539,383
51,782.316
Total refined or manufactured (including residuum)
2.046.50t
2.560.09I
14,393.581
2,000,577
15,471.225
460.649
8.869
1,727,413
82,773
9,543
100
754.504
19.270
876,307
323.247
76,506
1.300
864,820
40,230,784
675,646
629,079
3,617.133
639.312
3.977,385
115.648
3,080
328.768
27.824
2,774
30
196.192
5,947
237.065
104.844
22,686
355
228,897
10,137.619
1,147,573
10,464.382
1,766.586
9,614.594
277.631
16,949
1,616,407
46,828
1,090
170
737,545
35,651
656.555
230.521
52,282
2,800
531,319
27,198.882
294,611
2,601 .52h
430.535
2,558,614
62,220
4,855
320.49fi
15,61<
290
193,708
11,594
172,833
73,37H
16,823
860
139,355
6,897,361
France
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Brazil
Other South America
Africa
Total
Li nseed gals.
111,262
162,492
42,700
257,484
146,561!
1,167,504
90,074
145.375
38.439
180.811
201.497
885,057
12.019,069
Other.. .
All other
Total vegetable :
Paints, Pigments and Colors Carbon black, gas black, and
8,511,618
178.422
211.299
689,797
1.079.518
Zinc, oxide of Ibs.
7,140,09!)
All other..
944,53lj
944.53d
Total
Paper, and Manufactures of Paper hangings
111,146
180.904
2,702,351
160.499
2,444,810
5,494.564
107,405,503
Writing paper and envelopes
110,328
All other
3,111,688
Total
3.333,1(3
Paraffin and ParaflBn Wax (Ibs.) United Kingdom
82.639.081
1,323,807
1<;.344,50(
14,208.(X
41.807
530.342
2.888.47:'
101,664
3,126.041
56,691
538,61?
591,131
96,105.035
2,768,836
23.588.735
19,784.826
128.714
404.759
3,637.767
31.656
3,071.424
120.756
926.540
802,544
5.788
19 745
157.863
1.246
1.754
31.0SH
144,805
4,0S
West Indies and Bermuda
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 37
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Brazil
250,559
99.26T
4,313.395
2,213,124
79.602
1,331,603
128.365,128
$13,9GO
4,733
171.476
96,590
3.213
52.926
4,957,096
234.939
111,879
4,880,688
2,727,684
58,154
715,391
154,628,460
$10.968
5.703
158,305
117,246
2.658
29,506
6,030,292
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Total
316,913
443.032
306.363
417,^24
Plated ware
Provisions, comprising Meat and Dairy Products Meat
products Beef products Canned (Ibs.)
United Kingdom
34,714,439
1.111.143
4.611,748
8.191,881
1,382.395
309,320
117,420
910
32,686
2,496
370,982
1.750
220,260
76.634
154,299
117,084
6,145
70, ; i,490
139.974
603.604
6,147,902
500
54,019,772
*.H).()U7,?72
37,105
350.053
1,000
290,395,930
3,019.451
91,471
372.460
284,919
107,204
. 37,407
14,253
72
2,508
192
32,028
135
17,610
6,467
12,750
16,762
591
60,013
13,893
85,686
480,393
43
4,656,308
20.763,131
422,017
5.069,003
3,046.732
519.315
257,368
112,112
466
81,046
384
449,213
4,880
184.600
72.273
157.317
173.858
5.000
227,672
69,945
616,656
4,976,319
264
37,109,570
1,828,593
35.503
446.440
256.779
40.1o9
28,584
14,232
40
6,412
30
41,651
545
17,744
6,623
14,492
24,470
668
33,452
7,695
76,670
398,855
20
3.279.657
Cuba.
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Brazil
Other South America
China
East Indies (British)
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa :
Total
Fresh (Ibs.) United Kingdom ..
22,626,778
2,173
24,725
66
22,653,742
274.183,636
144.860
439,578
22,922,136
9.676
34,744
British North America
Total
274,768,074
47.4C4.471t
1,589,052
46.053,531
22.966,556
Salted or Pickled, and other cured (Ibs.) Sal ted or pickled
67,712,940
939,448
68,652,388
3,514.126
83,701
3.597,827
2,368.467
150.061
2,518.518
Total
Exported to (Ibs.) United Kingdom
38,030~>24
236.766
4.949,385
2,127,815
11,371
252.347
379,556
248,220
27,921
250
2,612
4,141
6,960
305,904
3,601
12,652
153.416
39,775
20,473
813
3,597,82i
19,279,027
323,775
1.832,160
6,637,288
3,304.157
793,031
8,275
52,600
279.189
16,700
5,869.499
22.400
252.189
3,123.675
1,567.625
613,500
18,500
46,053,531
1,125,707
17.911
271.011
293.593
155,528
39,079
492
2,718
13.720
859
311.083
1.237
13.240
175,027
65.650
30.752
961
2,518.518
7,416,354
5,73ti.957
58L291
4.220
61,650
91,000
147,100
6,486,683
81,900
2Ti>S7
3,292,811
794.197
446,263
18,900
68.652,388
Cuba.. ..
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Total beef, salted, etc
Tallow (Ibs.) United Kingdom :
24,527,265
18.823.183
9,277,703
14,439,711
76,013
2,724,512
997,216
538.562
566,729
4.565
2,323,087
222.675
898,966
6V5.424
8S6.545
534,074
2,382
119.15h
36,561
21,037
20,958
25f
102,0 1 9
9,25t>
41,661,299
9,608,964
11.195,548
11,419,748
247.375
2,206.331
636.742
786,763
343,217
5.307
2,041.605
572,245
434.833
468,418
188,601
2,?50
81.744.H09
1,598.528
351,545
445,231
422.424
7.185
95.079
24.364
30.338
11,554
287
85.917
25.070
17.907
20.033
5,417
144
3.H1,0>!
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
Other West Indies and Bermuda
245.644
3I0.6SO
29,585
1.704
75.10S.834
11.704
13,12*
UMf
2.7S2.S
Other Soutli America
Total
38 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Hog Products Bacon (Ibs.) United Kingdom
6,457,491
1,979,586
26,878,288
44.825,834
10,799.240
281,230
101.727
46,906
10,581,819
618,015
520,57(5
16,770.805
27,781
321,353
20,372
76,209
91,915
300
500,399,448
$27,564.915
133,086
1,572,234
2.642.802
541,485
19.248
9,449
2.706
574,402
33,233
89,004
1,013,182
1,662
21,593
2,650
9,787
5,687
22
34,187.147
473501,692
2,370.965
51,524.565
82.533.840
19,099.775
217,533
95,100
31,824
10,736,383
496,391
737.730
7.857,354
18,460
380,001
35,655
138,318
33,342
$34.919.807
165,925
3.338.809
5,a35,717
1.267.287
16,692
9.804
2.213
672.008
33,013
56.123
508,171
1,366
29,223
4,635
17,906
2,159
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Brazil
Colombia
China
Africa
Total
650,108,933
46,380.918
Hams (Ibs.) United Kingdom
134,933,004
316,624
2,943,983
13,008.512
30,078
268,216
1,544,715
301,751
33.654
28,976
7,316
374,185
79,369
153,549,559
1,182.618
11,963,031
19.902,884
5,793,345
278,160
211,471
69,918
3.532,940
602,415
1,534.182
33,016
156,021
795,108
68,159
6.985
347,856
152.025
15,568
200,185,861
14,567,748
117.513
1.109,550
1,893,425
513.129
28,291
23.790
6.716
365,243
50,941
138.380
3.2u2
13.805
84,268
8,788
909
41.685
18.632
1,450
18,987.525
France
Other Europe
15,648,739
3.070,486
312,078
264.049
62,984
4,012,433
888,945
1,276,843
18,373
172,921
864,375
49,233
11,680
275,387
119,956
5,209
165^47,302
British North America
Santo Domingo
CuDa
Other West Indies and Bermuda
125,501
1,733
14,969
94,131
6,557
1,544
35,805
12,469
540
15,970,021
Brazil
Other South America
China
Africa
Other countries
Total
Pork (Ibs.) Fresh
1,306,424
66,768,920
68,075,344
94,816
3,297,214
3,392,030
12,224,285
88,133,078
100.357,363
815,075
4,906,961
5.722.036
Salted or pickled
Total
Exported to (Ibs.) United Kingdom
19,005,770
131,550
1,902.637
2.'.(,o,N;n
12.269,836
l,30/.36o
95,500
222,660
3,450,200
21,881,575
315.400
135,722
1,098,919
8,037
101.639
170,899
561,850
57,582
4.357
10,005
152,411
995.397
17,684
6,830
175,566
19,047
6.476
5,331
3.392.030
31,691. T32
112,900
9,017,039
13,829,336
15,751,791
1,423.005
95,000
207,600
3,556.700
19,205.017
32,300
154.039
4,242,440
144,735
102,800
130,329
100,357,363
2,014,665
5,670
524,859
804.817
867,101
70.438
5.338
14.103
176,219
985.879
2.045
8.899
218.508
9,840
6,316
7,339
5,722,036
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Santo Domingo
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Brazil
Colombia
Other South America
3,907,250
276.585
128,900
107,525
68,075,344
Africa
Other countries
Total
Lard (Ibs.) United Kingdom
192,116.083
20,934,590
166. 192,473
107.780,558
5,372.233
2.104.781
7,195.747
420,634
25,717,489
4,572.985
6,993,212
83,903
12,358.589
2,917.290
11,625.901
4t>6,403
1,411,038
51,731
568,315,640
10,040,789
1.032,286
8,317.050
5,485.107
249.756
111,747
332,235
23,077
1,255,1X3
228.051
408,022
4.665
714,828
152.501
646,087
32,095
90,172
2,774
29,126.485
241,077,725
21.307.239
233.84i.879
138,043,160
6,456.740
2.060.022
3.602.758
489.707
20,139,515
3.609.131
6,482,058
40.002
15.362.399
2.057,865
10,837.480
661.288
2,018.217
41,800
709.344.045
13.807.640
1.129,191
12.820.843
7,631.883
347,811
156.161
177.525
29,682
1.027.657
190,630
418,487
3,133
973.990
120.436
681.023
46.854
145,228
2,498
39.710.672
France
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba .
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Total
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 39
EXPORTS, AN'D COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Lard compounds, and substitutes for (cottolene, lardine.
16,261.991
361.955
$857,708
28.341
21,343,028
329.169
$1,118.659
27.961
Mutton Ibs.
113^06,152
4,864,351
118,370,503
6,742,061
472,856
7,214,917
132579,277
4.328,536
136.907.813
7,904.413
386,297
8.290,710
Total
7,661.339
24.887,346
70.988.741
10.2S3.582
1.296,160
2,610
6.414
2.573,397
476,172
1,398,082
4.375,564
570,105
65,227
261
701
260,225
7.513
32,663
9,782
9,164,137
31,580,067
81,452,099
11,536,933
823,902
io,a30
9,017
1,753.190
93,8%
161,766
193,896
112.960
136907,813
551.425
1,911,780
4,878.313
(5B8.194
49.604
1,254
961
170.090
8.400
15.855
2Z.440
12.394
8,290.710
Central .American States and British Honduras
Si.896
309,375
92.768
181,875
118,370,503
18,622
7,214,917
Total
72.0H2
85,739
4,193.078
All other meatproducts
2,944,486
20,022,410
2,834.147
2.6'.485
1,797,089
268,208
238,5'.5
53,051
58,120
33,525
1,984,709
318,787
132,947
675,295
25,336
87.1SO
150,464
15,820
11,056
31,345,224
2,995.036
329,892
297,479
276,005
45,737
40,089
7,331
10,475
4,009
239.484
40,303
17,833
87,960
4,621
15.654
27,079
2,791
1,586
4,493,364
14,801,641
1,448,806
1,141,279
3,809,452
279.895
249,079
55,816
42,715
18.900
l,85i'.252
749,653
134,644
651,569
21,555
115,203
255,304
20.987
36,275
25,690,025
2,269.931
171,735
139.418
594,033
48,631
43,720
7,911
8,087
2,407
284.855
92,19!
19,672
91,(>22
4,688
23,097
52,995
4,186
5,586
3,864,765
Mexico
Cuba . . .
Puerto Rico
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Brazil
Other South America
China
Africa
Total
Cheese (Ibs.) United Kingdom
40,660,737
520
8,479,813
172,839
129,623
40,661
64,869
26.478
851,565
1,704
91.883
129,722
41,690
40,965
187,908
20,640
50,944.617
3,701,536
76
716,487
19,707
15,519
4,711
11,284
3,022
103,718
212
11,294
16,142
4,589
4,433
20,935
2.398
4,636,063
38,146,235
105
13,149.652
156,187
123,541
32,766
219.531
12,167
766,813
2,285
91,658
134,899
44.264
35,594
241.215
10,368
53,167,280
3,267,507
y
1,073,447
17,721
14,436
3,984
25,888
1.535
90.483
257
11,082
17,079
4,817
3,867
26,071
1,141
4,559,324
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Brazil
Colombia
China. .. .
Japan
Other Asia and Oceanica
Total
Milk
524,968
671,070
Total provisions, etc ;
Quicksilver Ibs.
137,138,084
165,519,441
1,131,901
448,333
983.460
637.146
5,563,841
17,073,214
414.938
27.501
35,498
66.151
1,892.101
197.258
231,237
317.173
167,109
149,,H5
2.954,723
Rice ....Ibs.
3,518,466
20,113
Salt Ibs .
Seeds Clover Ibs.
13,042,994
2<;,566.024
4,713.747
16,733,993
1,003,157
170.604
3.850,835
574,457
|- 429,379
6.028,432
31,155,381
32,764,781
257,228
10,238,780
(
Flaxseed or linseed bu.
Timothy Ibs.
All other ....
I :
Total .-
2,966,905
122.565
1,065.9,7
44.904
601.733
838,'.)04
390.943
4,si.4st;
Other Europe
British North America
1.529.455
699,553
40 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Central American States and British Honduras
$10.074
20,085
$5.387
29.472
864
2,612
19
3,970
368
858
1.733
2.345
909
76,134
5,609
2,229
2,954.723
538
3,458
327
3,969
782
1,583
Cuba.
Puerto Rico
Brazil
Colombia
2.768
4,906
590
52,66b
China
British Australasia..
4,542
1,934
Africa
Total seeds
6,028.432
Shells
129.143
297.074
Silk, manufactures of
224.66C
Soap Toilet or fancy
204,564
275.935
1,114,668
1,390.603
Other Ibs.
24,662,178
932,316
1.136,880
29,387,736
Total
Spermaceti and spermaceti wax Ibs.
228,77?
72.568
236,537
63,428
Spirits. Distilled (proof gals.) Alcohol Wood
| 416,725
11,815
808.8*3
569.413
21,282
500,338
2,327.966
140,046
12.640
1,102.267
422,451
38,402
225,87
1,941.703
5 385,938
( 1,619,230
24,886
607.634
286.599
17,495
36,869
2,97S,651
199.230
463.616
39.455
845.673
241.066
31,164
30.149
1,850,353
Other, including pure, neutral, or cologne spirits
Brandy
Rum
Whisky Bourbon
Rye
Allother
Total
' Starch Ibs
79,088,876
1,665.926
928.378
69.505
72,806,313
1.371.549
1,005,016
61.482
317,468
Stationery, except of paper
' Stereotype and electrotvpe plates.
| Straw and palm leaf, manufactures of
305.418
Sugar and Molasses Molasses gals
^913,830
1.107.864
788,323
35,367
J 3,817.829
( 7,573.541
460,682
267,202
794.727
17,353
Sugar, brown Ibs.
Sugar, Refined (Ibs). United Kingdom
491.835
10.690
17.993
45.736
1,313,239
484.112
49,179
2.368.838
926.06H
48,795
966,213
474,654
7,197,355
20,12?
535
906
2,854
59,695
23,619
2.332
115,732
44.386
2,422
44.974
24,059
341.641
547.132
2,075
5,949
74.151
1,041.455
416,981
30.280
1.789,814
525,688
92,355
1,231.167
290,561
6.047.608
24,698
98
318
4.563
50,408
18.722
1,618
96,877
26,815
5.204
57.257
14.933
301.511
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras .
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Colombia
Other South America
Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Total
Candy and confectionery
543,631
730,865
2,111,658
Total sugar and molasses
1.708.962
Tin, manufactures of
300.441
263.365
Tobacco, and Manufactures of Unmanuf'd Ut's.) Leaf . . .
Stems and trimmings
305,978,29.2
8,953,399
;i4.itti.69i
24,513,567
197,879
24.711,446
252.258.902
10,761,312
263.020.214
21,924.3137
247.243
22.171.580
Total
Exported to (Ibs.) United Kingdom
sW.684.31l.
23,782351
67,697.957
106,852,977
15,415.909
138.967
1.458.871
2,720,656
67.790
18.393
1,113,017
861.677
1.752.035
205.591
3,178,634
1,520
S14.931.691
8.121.335
l.aS2,iJ03
4.650.021
7,488,168
1.533,832
16,781
109.152
251.428
5.020
2.405
92,576
55,124
261,312
17.485
253,719
179
24.711.446
88,480.225!
22,016.203.
60,303.403
70.462.438
7,l t S3.730
218,429
1.814.085
3.201.279
236.146
56.029
1.172.617
2.751.246
2.246.127
238.245
2,637,612
2,400
263.020.214
8,575.626
1.724.682
4.325.743
5.435.039
700.995
30.770
135.636
311,645
12,984
8,057
100.298
197,036
332,369
21.195
259.203
295
22,171.580
France
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
Colombia
Other South America
Japan
British Australasia
Other Asia and Oceanica....
Africa
Other countries
Total unmanufactured
1 962
41.683, 1,547
1. 959.25? 1.005.905
37.381 !
2.018.616
Cigarettes M .
921.316 1
EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 41
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values.
Quant's.
Values.
Plug Ibs.
| $3024880
5,025,817
( 9449.002
?2,077,664
684,832
4,818.493
All other
Total
Exported to United Kingdom
i 589 'iv
1,183.080
18.052
134,998
333.873
tfU28
49,571
25.914
146.292
148.669
2,362
560
3.748 i
82.015 1
328.404
138.608
474.236
1,217,989
244.578
219,354
4,062
4,818,493
16.912
199746
34V56
64459
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
67765
13235
Cuba
116,679
204642
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
50,467
Brazil
1,355
1 259
Other South America
65,412
229956
China
East Indies (British)
125071
407577
949 866
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
234.0121
351 DOS
690i
Total manufactures of
5,025,8171
Toys '. ..
133 79 i
177.668
104,602
422.693
' Trunks, valises and traveling bags
100.382
Varnish gals.
409,569
431.761
398,64i
Vegetables Beans and peas bu .
900,219
73,511
926,646
1,110,387
60.088
515,067
408840
850,184
100,148
605.187
1,094,094
90.832
460.666
386.029
350,167
2,381.788
All other, including pickles and sauces
243,542
2,337,924
Total
1,425
144
1,569
189,413
2,427
191,840
678
2,267
2,945
120.49?,
24,300
144,793
Total
93,969
111.040
11,572; 108.657
383,603 128.470
12.939
382,786
Whalebone Ibs.
Wine in bottles doz.
16.79*
1,389,375
fi!,444
629.270
698,714
9,672
1,623,103
46.721
682.028
728,749
Total
Wood, and Manufactures of Timber and unmanufac-
391,291
6,406,824
4,036,214
l,23ti,U2
334.571
5,489,714
3,438,578
1 128 893
Hewn cubic f ePt
3,945,106
3,189.820
7.757.291
Total
9,217.432
Exported to United Kingdom
4 332 373
3.1132.92!)
327,822
1,332.621
1.211,3*6
1,103,031
49.526
290,589
14.863
5,121
11.728
7.278
23.737
50,997
154.201
90,257
45,246
7,757,291
230.167
1,385.979
1,135,419
Other Europe
British North America
1,185,430
Central American States and British Honduras
145.861
276,440
18,637
Cuba
Other West Indies and Bermuda
23645
Argentina
33.799
Brazil
18,434
21,294
18.320
196,908
53.667
141,059
Other Asia and Oceanica
Africa
Total timber and unmanufactured wood
Lumber (M feet) Boards, deals and planks
9,217,432
876,689
86,253
912,942
13,076,247
423,875
13.500.122
790,662
35,607
826,289
12,080.366
387,623
12,467,989
Total
Exported to (M feet) United Kingdom
143,184
19763
3.214.310
2730158
1241*8
27.187
36.698
116.751
79,800
3,254
65,215
2.'i*;
2,853,717
384,143
801.046
2.004,828
1,097,263
38,469
843,300
38,090
28.154
104.338
62,643
J3.J88
T6.627
4,025
639,586
1.534.670
859.018
13SI.965
1,158,754
65,512
Other E urope
British North America
Central American States and British Honduras
Mexico
Sauto Domingo
42 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED.
1897.
1898.
Quant's.
Values
Quant's
Values.
Cuba
27,451
9.58K
56.446
81,186
$286,387
124,510
813,203
999.491
23,897
4,050
35.964
75,096
48,705
4,355
46,085
17,256
7,685
40,801
43.503
22,456
147
826,269
J258.076
51.129
513.302
876.362
629.7%
66.838
516.490
121.469
62.287
451.564
419.710
447.939
2,171
12.467,989
Puerto Rico
Brazil
53,877
4.363
60,303
7.371
20,290
63,9 \3
32,013
4M0I
381)
912,942
700,007
58,211
706,474
60.709
172.588
636.761
323,415
726.012
7,441
13.500,122
Other South America
China .. . :
Other countries
Total boards, deals, etc
Shingles. M.
58,508
103,231
529,492
597,60h
[3,922,031
3,162,470
50,524
101.0 10
486.8T.O
557.895
3.559.750
227.328
3.256.880
817.515
Other No .
695,858
553.079
( 54132759
Staves No.
Al 1 other
Manufactures of Doors, sash and blinds
657,404
Furniture, n. e. s. Exported to United Kingdom
935,183
H3.334
255.073
218.696
631,801
150.364
197.864
12,01b
1.027.463
234.447
314,632
259.703
523.434
74.o3ti
157,095
11.657
24.910
6041
113.260
62.224
36.010
33.410
75.9t
2L320
18,555
27.424
185.924
147.236
343.178
3,378
3,701.851
Germany
Other Europe
British North America
Mexico
Santo Domingo
Cuba
34,28*
Puerto Rico
15.700
137,300
Other West Indies and Bermuda
Argentina
89,63!
Brazil
61 537
Colombia
40,831
101,682
Other South America
China
30,046
16,061
East Indies (British)
.
2784a
British Australasia
205,058
109,82?
332.969
Other Asia and Oceanlca
Africa
Other countries
2,030
3,785,143
Total
Furniture, n.e. s
3,785,143
267,345
3,701,851
236.8BO
287.494
500.042
536.670
3,017,787
37.513,252
Hogsheads and barrels, empty
Trimmings, moldings, and other house finishings..
197,931
Woodenware
531,480
50,428.161
Allother
3,253.110
Total wood, and manufactures of
Wool, and Manufactures of Wool, Raw (Ibs.) Exported
to United Kingdom
39,624.800
1,134,083
28.032
162.621
1,600
Germany
Other Europe
131.712
1, 77,898
1,088,952
808
5,271,535
18520
296.497
140,60!
85
619,932
16,000
105.089
U)
1,600
16,461
10
British North America
Mexico
Other countries
Total wool, raw
1>U39
18.071
Manufactures of Carpets yds.
247,213
189,5.9
192.891
80,979
164,274
41.47.'
47.439
429.U33
40i.414
1.0S9.032
Dress goods yds
Flannels and blankets
57,373
385,845
Wearing apparel
315 01 J
Total manufactures
947,808
Zinc, and Manufactures of Ore tons
5,311
122,765
11310
313,370
Manufactures of Pigs, bars, plates and sheets Ibs
35,869,937
1,756,617
72.93
25,892,221
1.251.240
88.423
1,339,6.,9
Total, not Including ore
1,829.560
All other articles
4.070.12J
4.599.688
Total value of exports of domestic merchandise
1032007. 03
1210292097
Carried In cars -nd other land vehicles
American vessels Steam
Sailing
59.308.5lii
53.'i94,482
>.,i>; no
67,058.927
45.485,753
19 2 '3 583
Foreign vessels Steam:
s > ; -i-,1 > i
Wioia 6.'
&> !# . 17 : 1
Slili'ir : 68.692.1 t! !
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 43
SUMMARY-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.
[Fiscal years 1897-8.]
GROUPS.
1897.
1898.
IMPORTS.
Values.
$124.012,96?
194.564,24(
29.864,421
24,750,27J
8,746.33$
381.938.24C
Per at-.
32.45
50.95
7.85
6.49
2.26
100.00
Values.
n05.0til.027
155,241,51!:
17.381.491
9,241.613
4,457,39i
291.382.9&
Per ct.
36.%
68.28
5.97
8.17
1.53
100.00
For consumption
Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc
Total free of duty
Dutiable Articles of food and live animals
121,153.211
20.352.3&
57.809.09
109.624, ail
74,352,631
382,792,16$
30.48
6.51
14.97
28.64
20.40
100.00
76.518.984
49,202.39?
52,570.495
78,829.171
72,995,165
32*,622,2ll
23.57
15.16
16.20
22.58
22.49
100.00
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry..-.
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts
Total dutiable
Free and Dutiable Articles of food and live animals
Articles in a crude condition for domestic Industry
215..166.17S
214,916,62,
87,173.515
134,375,12*
83,098,97(
764,730,415
32.06
28.10
11.40
17.58
10.86
100.00
181,480.011
204,543.91"
69,957.98,'
82.570,68"
77,452,661
616,005,155
29.46
33.20
11.36
13.40
12.68
100.00
For consumption
Total Imports of merchandise
Percentof free
49.95
47.30
176,316,39;
(
149,819,5ft
| Remaining in warehouse at the end of the month
EXPORTS.
Domestic Products of Agriculture
683.471,13<
277,235.h9
20.804.57
40.489.32
6.477,95
3,479,22!
1.032,007,60:
) 66.23
[ 26.87
2.01
3.92
.63
! .34
: loo.oo
854,627,92<
288,871.44'
19,802,41
37.900.17
6,538,92.
8,551,201
1.210.292,09'
70.61
23.87
1.63
3.13
.46
.30
100.00
Fisheries
Total
9,746,49:
9,239,45!
18.985,95;
i 6t.36
! 45.64
t 100.00
9,326.88)
11,710,96,
21.037,85.
44.33
65.67
100.00
Dutiable
Total
GOLD AND SILVER. TONNAGE.
GOLD AND SILVER. 1897. 1898. VESSELS. 1897. 1898.
Gold Imports $85.014,780 $120.391,674 Entered 8
Exports 40.*;i., r xSU 15.405.391 S
ailing tons 4.75WJ12 4,604.316
team tons 19.004,938 20.740,5 1 8
ailing tons 4,614.339 4,740, 4211
team tons 19,094,856^ 20,853,772
Silver Imports 30.533,227 30,924,581 Cleared S
Exports 61,946,638 65,105,239 S
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
MERCHANDISE BY COUNTRIES.
During the twelve months ended June 30, 1897-98.
COUNTRIES.
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
1897.
1898.
1897.
1898.
EUROPE.
$8,158,328 i
12,535
14,082.414
356,355
67.530,231
111,210.614
26,462
732,702
40.056
19,067.352
8.647
12.824,120
2,234,291
54,716,510
23,797
8,741.826
211,837
>2.730.U03
59,696,907
32,519
910,390
144,227
20,300.291
13.476
l2.Si5.110
2,605,323
12
2.649.9U6
1,889.723
12.095
$4,023,011
296.906
33,971,555
10,194,857
57,594,541
125,2160881
332,245
110,763
55,697,912
377,715
17,606,311
12,697,421
15,452,692
55,039.'.72
304.829
127,559
225
23,270.T8
64,352
>4.274,ti22
3,532,057
111.154
6,333,317
1,002,765
Gibraltar
Italy
21.502,423
29,520
51.045.011
2.520.058
42,065
5.995,204
1,607,072
1,865,967
1,333.692
12.646
3,631,973
2.500,118
13,849,782
3.575.385
2,673,880
11,380.835
10,912,745
5,463,611
70,8711
10,228,515
6,313.786
263,970
Sweden and Norway
Switzerland
44 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
COUNTRIES.
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
1897.
1898.
1897.
1898.
Turkey in Europe
$2.766,094
11>7.947,82U
$2.119,337
1011.138.335
306,091.814
$54.707
483,2?0398
813.385,64
$139,075
540.860.152
973,099,289
United Kingdom
Total Europe
430,192205
NORTH AMERICA.
Bermuda ,
621,831
226.683
466.780
156.875
854.832
569.707
998.941
555.179
British Honduras
British North America Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc.
5.751,302
4.262.641
4.247.724
4.537.513
Quebec, Ontario, etc
3U.919.40U
3.038.009
413.421
40,722.792
22.774.918
4,004,853
375,355
32.017,767
57,139.601
3.541.43.)
1,099,904
66.028.725
74.905.989
4.202.483
1.205,275
84,911.260
British Columbia
Newfoundland and Labrador
Total British North America
Central American States Costa Rica
3,439,374
1.802.589
847,230
1.202,701
1,112,534
8,524,428
2,597,601
1,837.459
844,533
1,095.513
891,314
7.266,480
1.357.472
3.047.181
724,991
1.190.095
1,019,568
7.939.907
1.578.343
1.205,280
702.171
1.086.680
747,684
5.320,158
Nicaragua
Salvador
Total Central American States
Mexico
18,511,572
139,803
19,000. 131
161.030
23,421.004
167,449
21,205.284
205,005
Miquelon, Langley , etc
West Indies British
12.2S5.88o
357.289
96,343
9,944
1.460,220
2.309,424
1S.400.815
2.181,024
37.176.944
10,064.410
327.759
174.243
30,888
1,127,675
2.131.040
15.232.477
2,414,356
32,102.854
7,943.299
621,765
652.341
1.079.025
3,832.388
1,098.035
8.259.776
1,988.888
25,976.717
8,382,740
707,622
544.463
1.617 248
2.908.579
1,151.258
9.501,050
1,505,946
20.439.512
Danish
Dutch
French '.
Haiti
Santo Domingo
Spanish Cuba
Puerto Rico. . .
Total West Indies
Total North America
105,924,053
91.171.92J
124.958,461
139.035 289
SOUTH AMERICA.
Argentina
10,772,627
5,915,875
6,384.984
5.155
12,441.065
2.590.539
3.807.165
734,868
800
1,565.930
384,330
113,674
740
1.108.436
1.213,42(
3.417.522
33.708.646
6,429.070
19.675
13.317.050
2.351,727
3,277.507
855.193
1.010
1.792.912
381,322
132.596
699
1.302.095
1,214.248
2,746,261
33.821.971
Bolivia
Brazil...
6.),039,389
3.792.434
4,730,933
586,526
61,750.369
3,7:30.622
5.185.295
765,590
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands ^
Gutanas British
3,661,956
1,U36,088
8,137
3,058,896
1,455,749
16.009
Dutch
French .
Paraguay
Peru
722,089
3,515.054
9,543.572
107.389.405
725.302
1,772,310
7,711,449
92.093,526
Venezuela. . .
Total South America
ASIA.
Aden ... . .
1.503,802
20.403.8ia
20,567,122
2,017.756
20.326.388
27.238,459
991,397
11,924.433
3,844.911
693.345
9,992.894
4 095 855
China
East Indies British
Dutch
15.604,866
14.529,336
2.094.109
135,183
1,201.574
152,147
French ;
Portuguese
519
923.842
24,009,756
Hongkong . .....
746,517
25,224,102
6.060,039
13.255,478
M
413.942
74.899
480,005
39.274.905
6.265.200
20,502.136
126.936
018.015
243.190
433.970
44,824.268
Korea
Russia. Asiatic ,
Turkey in Asia
201,421
4,009.027
70,380
87.294.597
111.050
2.325.078
70.352
92.595.037
All other Asia
Total Asia
OCEANICA.
Auckland, Fiji, etc
19776
4.743
15,603,703
300.446
8.959
5,900.301
4.503
34,8U2
127,804
21,991.381
British Australasia
5900 144
5,578,898
185,121
17,460,2S
330.304
11,102
4,690,075
French Oceanica
378,144
4.594
German Oceanica
Hawaiian Islands
13,687.799
5.047
40.971
4.383.740
24,400,439
17,187.370
8.811
68.005
3,830.415
20,859.220
Spanish Oceanica
Tonga. Samoa, etc
46,576
94.597
22,652.773
Philippine Islands
Total Oceanica
AFRICA.
British Africa
1,468,994
49909
875,338
26.283
470.830
13,096.043
297.878
302010
320
11.4-13
12.027.142
2r4,827
608,180
2,319
12.683
Canary Islands
! trench Africa
254,765
90
7,083
' German Africa
Liberia
6.670
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER. 45
COUNTRIES.
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
1897.
1898.
1897.
1898.
$i7.08f
$15,365
t 15,343
33
> 5.033.29S
! 59.47C
' 685.00t
7,193.631:
$473,353
1,869.933
4,740
323,761
37
573,009
16,953.127
$226.738
2.8S8.058
29.674
080.005
130,910
401,210
17,357,752
23,2s
7,027.00!
118,28
562.35!
Tripoli
Total Africa
. 9,529.7K
Grand total
.7W.730.415
S616.005.15Si
1050993551
1231329950
RECAPITULATION.
. 430 192.20
306091.814
! 91.171,923
> '.12.093.5*
92.595.037
1 26.859,221
( 7.193.6*
813385.044
124.958401
SJ.708.64t)
39.274.905
22.052.773
10.953,12'.
973699289
139.035289
33.821.971
4I,S24.26S
21.991.381
17.357.752
North America. 105 924.0-~>;
South America 107 3S9.40.
87.21.59 r
. 24.400.43!
Africa
. 9.529,71
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER COIN AND BULLION.
EXPORTS BY COUNTRIES.
COUNTRIES.
GOLD.
SILVER.
1897.
1898.
1897.
1898.
$13.989041
18,478,682
'.HXUIIT
750.410
$4,010.535
1.200.840
444.109
$1,632.866
17.221
50.144.804
12.290
111.572
13,885
263.089
109,787
2.050
259.491
900
14,420
7,124
49
679
42.868
1,833,250
535.300
3.827.202
2.987 ,351
116.100
14,430
61,946,638
$1.062,250
945
42,456.009
100
143.585
25,245
373.337
1,199,071
960
339,996
United Kingdom
Other Europe
3,029.140
174,563
37,454
4.962
920,049
30,281
3,191.a56
93,972
113,778
11,158
' 343.771
182.559
4,197.546
40.049
211,741
25.100
106.422
22,710
British Columbia
Central American States
West Indies Haiti
1 Santo Domingo
Spanish (Cuba)
Other West Indies
20,285
167.440
37.900
149.936
9,91)0
33.341
1,996
25,635
Colombia
Venezuela
Other South America
65,820
973.458
1,439.588
6,824,747
61.910
75,000
3.246
55,105,239
China
East Indies (British) . . . .
77,680
64,390
975.088
2,752
1.080,355
Total
40,361.580
15.406,391
Ore and bullion
15,518.874
24,842.700
2,069.155
13.387.236
56,411,533
5.535,105
47,717.444
7.3H7.795
Coin
IMPORTS BY COUNTRIES.
COUNTRIES.
GOLD.
SILVER.
1897.
1898.
1897.
1898.
France
$16.444810
3,5v4.697
40.3liO.21i;
28.593
8.174
1,31(1.324
2,660,197
479,569
4.8:23.380
167.173
4,454.032
822.981
340,284
370,132
482.568
100.459
8,404. 160
178,797
12,234
$22799157
8.4-28.050
43,133.538
545.724
35,976
4.707.493
3,427.358
516.943
5,122.282
127,909
5.165.003
558.739
535,484
238.596
620.287
18.508
22,279,470
2,131,097
$2.722
12,573
60,405
1.102
353.986
79,562
2.639.410
1,114,061
25.068,145
30,707
67.652
306,552
19,277
273,827
10
425,325
8,050
3,421
5,840
30,533,227
$24.718
3,240
26,063
1,982
193,239
69,821
3,371.275
790.646
25,025,062
18,746
2.095
651.040
12,241
137,553
495
576,956
'"16,403
< it her Europe
British Honduras
Dominion of Canada Quebec, Ontario, etc
Central American States
Mexico
West Indies British
Spanish (Cuba)
Other West Indies
Other North America
Colombia
Venezuela
otl.er South America
British Australasia
Africa
Total
a5,014.780
120391,674
31.2.S7.48S
89,104.1*6
30,924,581
Ore and bullion
15.377.502
69.637.278
23.556,982
6.976.245
23,100,035
7.764.540
Coin
46 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE.
THE WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD.
(Prepared by Henry Hyde, Statistician, Department of Agriculture.)
COUNTRY.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
United States ...
Bushels.
3'.)6.132.000
42,650.000
15.000.000
HusUels.
460,267,000
44,583,000
18,000,000
Bushels.
467,103.000
57,460.000
14.000,000
Bushels.
427.fi84.000
40,800.000
8.000.000
Bushels.
530.149.OfK)
56.597.000
12.000.000
Mexico
Total North America
453.782,000
522.850.000
538.563,000
476,493,000
598.746 000
Argentina
57.000.000
5,703.000
19.000,000
80,000,000
8,915.000
16,000,000
60.000,000
10,000,000
15,000.000
48.000,000
6.000.000
12.000,000
32.000.000
3.600.000
10,500.1 XK)
Uruguay
Chile
Total South America
81.703.000
104.915,000
85,000,000
66,000,000
46,100.000
l3.filiO.OUO
158.42:>.000
8,223,000
2,000.000
48,190,000
141,858,000
8,786,000
2,000,000
41,200,0(10
146,000,000
6,200,000
2.000,000
411991,000
150.6fiO.000
8.000,000
2,050.000
35.18V.OOO
89.912.(KX)
6.221.000
2.000.(K
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Total Austria-Hungary
212.308,000
200,834.000
195,400,000
204,641,000
133,370.000
25fttX)0
8,651,000
fiO. 115.000
20.(XX).00()
35.98i.-000
fi.500.000
135.227,000
93.484.000
5.500.000
277.509,000
3 300.000
110.0,0,000
17.300.000
4,971,000
250.000
7.500.000
43.587.000
20.000.000
30.61 10.000
5.500.000
121,595,000
105,600.000
9.000.000
347.537,01)0
4,600,000
110.681.000
19.800,000
4.346.000
220.000
9.400.000
68.503.1KK)
21,500.000
37.000.000
4.000.000
106.181.000
92.000,000
7.000.000
339.129.000
5.000.000
110.000.000
18,000.000
5.000,000
moot
9,300,000
69.200,000
24,000,000
45,600,000
4,800000
132.000.000
83.000.000
5.600,000
337.823,000
4.800,000
106,140,000
17,216,000
5,400,000
200.000
6.000.000
36.448.1 XX)
17.800.(K)
30,739,000
8.000,000
8fi.919.lKIO
86,647,000
9,000.000
251,298.000
4,300,000
107.800.000
19,000,000
4,400.000
Servia
Rouman i a
G reece
Italy
Netherlands .".
Great Britain
50.800.000
1.666.000
61,038.000
1,532,000
38,348.000
1.109.000
58,851.000
1,191,000
53,327.000
1,200,000
Ireland
Total United Kingdom
52.46fi,(XW
62,570,000
39,457.000
60,042.000
54,527,000
Denmark
Sweden
4,601,000
3,893.000
275,000
461,861.000
4,162,000
4,467,000
275.000
418.225,000
4.500,000
3,798.000
260.000
376.885,000
4,340.000
4,671.000
300.000
365.148.000
3,700.0(10
4,572,000
300.000
286,338,000
Norway
Russia in Europe
Total Europe
1,514,298.000
1,521.029,000
1,443,233,000
1,484.301,000
1.146,358,000
Russia in Asia
16.997.000
2(58.539.000
4S.OOO.OOO
20.000.000
16.848,000
2.000,000
87.608.000
252,784,000
45.01)0.000
22.000.0)0
16,000,000
2,000,000
83,499.000
234.379,000
46.000.000
22.000.000
16.500.000
2,200,000
75.000,000
181,997,000
44.01)0,000
20.000.000
lfi.000.OK
2,400,000
93,922.000
176.66.S.IKK)
48.000,000
20,0(XUKK)
18.000.1 XW
2.400.000
British India
Asiatic Turkey
Japan
Cyprus
Egypt
10,000,000
4.01)0,000
20.274.000
4.014,000
38.28S.OOO
12,000,000
10.700.000
28.900.000
3.195.000
14.000.000
7.500.000
24,800.000
2,542,000
12.(KK).(KX
5,600,000
17,600,000
3,200(000
12,000.1X10
6.000.000
16.000.000
2.200.000
3fi.200.000
Tunis
Algeria
Cape Colony
Total Africa
54.795.000
48,842.000
38,400,000
New South Wales
7.032.000
15.282,000
9,531,000
443:000
1.051 ,OUO
8,62.000
477,000
6,708,000
15,736.000
14,047.000
537.000
860.000
5.046,000
426,000
7,263,000
11,807.000
8,027.000
176.000
899.000
3.727.000
562,000
5,359,000
5.848.000
6.116.000
194.000
1,202.000
7,059,000
128,000
9.132,000
7.299,000
2,893.000
252.000
1.327.000
6,113.000
620,000
Victoria
South Australia
West Australia
Tasmania
Queensland
Total Australasia
42,458,000
43,360,000
32,461,000
25,906,000
27,636,000
RECAPITULATION BY CONTINENTS.
453.7S2.000
81.703.000
1.514,298,000
432,384.000
38.288,000
42,458,000
522,850.000
104,915.000
l,521,02i).000
425,392,000
54,795.000
43.3fiO.000
2,672,341,000
538,563,000
85.000.000
1,443,233,000
404,578.000
48.842.000
32,461.000
476,493.000
66,0(X),000
1,484,301,000
339,397.000
38.400,(XJO
25.906,010
598,746.000
46,100.0*)
i.i4t;.:i.Vi.ouo
iOS.'.HXI.OfXJ
36,200.01X1
27.636.000
Af ri ca
Australasia
2.562,913.000
2,552.677.000
, ) ,430.497,000
2,214.030,000
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 47
STATISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL, FARM CROPS.
Acreage, production and value* of the principal farm crops in the United States, 18S6 to 1897
YEAH.
CORN.
WHEAT.
Area.
Production.
Value.
Area.
Production.
Value-.
1866....
45,306.538
32,520,249
34.887,246
37.103.245
38,(540.977
34.091.137
85,626,886
39.197.148
41.036,918
44.841.371
49.033,364
50,369.113
61,685,000
53.085,450
62,317.812
64.262.025
65.659,545
68.301.889
<59,683,780
73,130.150
75.61W.208
72.392,720
75.672.763
78.319.651
71.970.763
70.204.515
70,636,668
72,036.465
62.582269
867.946,295
708,320.000
906,527.000
874.320.000
1,094,255.000
991.81KUII
1.092.719,000
932.274.00l>
850.148.5U'
1.321.00'.UHl!l
1.283.827.501)
1.342,558.000
1. 388.218.750
1.547.901,790
1,717,434.543
1.194.916,000
1,617,026.100
1.551.000.MI5
1,795.528,000
1,936.176.000
1,065.441,000
1,456,161.000
1.987.790,000
2.112.892,000
1.489.970.000
2,000, 154.000
1.028.404.000
1.619.49(5.131
1, 212.771 1.O.Vi
$411,450,830
437,769.763
424.050,049
522,550.509
540,520,450
430.355.910
385.7Si.210
411,901.151
496,271,255
484.674.804
436.108.521
4(57,1535.230
440,280.517
580.480.217
679,714,499
759.482.170
783,867,175
658.051.485
640,735.500
685.674,630
610.311.000
646,100.770
677.501.5^0
597,819,829
754,433.451
836,439.228
642,146.630
591.625.1127
554.719.lia
544,985,534
491.006.%"
501,072,952
15,424,496
18.821,561
18,460,132
19,181,004
18.992.591
19,948.893
20.858i359
22.171,676
24.967.027
26,381.512
27,627,021
26.277.546
32,108.560
32,545.950
37.980.717
37.709.020
37,067.194
36455,593
39.475.885
34.189,240
30,806,184
37.641,783
37.336.138
38,123,859
36,087,154
39,910,897
38,554.430
34,629,418
34,882.4;i6
34,047.332
34,618.640
39,465,066
151,999,906
212,441.400
224,03(5.600
2(50.140.900
235.884.700
250,722,400
249,997,100
281,254,700
308,102.700
292.136.000
289.356,500
3(54,194,146
420,122,100
448,750.030
498.549.8IW
383.280.090
504,185.470
421,080,100
512,705.000
357.112,000
457.218.000
456.32SJ.OOO
415,808.000
490.500,000
399.262.000
611.780.000
515,949.000
396,131,725
460.267,410
467.102.!>47
421,884.346
530,149,168
232,109.830
3iis.3s7.40i!
243,032.74(5
199,024.!ISX1
222.700.SXiH
2t54.075.H51
278.522.0(58
300,889,533
2(55.881,167
261.39S.92ti
278,697. 238
385.089.444
325,814,119
497,030.142
474.201.850
456.880,427
445.0(6. 125
383.649,272
330,862,200
275,320.390
314.226.020
310.612.SXW
385,248.0:tO
342.494.707
334.773.678
513.472.711
322,111,881
213,171,381
225.1W2.02.-)
237.93S.11IS
810.602.5: ill
428,547,121
1867
1868
1869. . . .
1870....
1871...
1872
1873
1874....
1875
1S76
1877...
1878. . . .
1879. . . .
1880
1881
1882....
1883
1884 ...
1885
1886
1887...,
1888....
1889
1890 .
1891
1892. . . .
1S!
1894...
1895
82,075,830
81.027.156
80,095.051
2.151.138.580
2i283.875ilO.-i
1,902,967,933
189t :
1897
TEAK.
OATS.
RYE.
Area.
Production.
Value.
Area.
Production.
Value.
1866....
8.864,219
10,746.416
9,665,736
9,461,441
8.792,395
8.365,809
9.000.769
9.751,700
10.897.412
11.915,075
13,358,908
12.826.148
13,176,500
12.688,600
16,187.977
16.831,600
18,494,691
20,324.962
21,300.917
22.783,630
2ii.658.474
26,920,906
26,998,282
27,402.316
26,481,869
25.581.861
27.063,835
27.273.033
27.02i.553
27,878.406
27.585,985
36,730,875
268,141,078
278,698.000
254,9150.800
288.334.000
247,277,400
255.743,000
271,747,000
270.340,000
240,3(59,000
354,317.500
820,SS4.l!00
400,394.000
413.578.5CO
3(53.761,320
417,S.S.V:iNi
416,481.000
488,250.010
671,302. im
583,(i2S.OOO
629,409.000
624.134.000
659,618.000
701.735,000
751,515.000
528.021.000
738.M1U.MJI
001, U15.I Kid
638.854.850
6iB.03o.92s
824.41:;.;,:;;
707.3 10,404
698,767,809
$94.057,945
123,902,550
106,355.'.'; i;
109.521,734
90,443,637
92,591.359
81,303,518
93.474.161
113,133.934
113.441,491
103.844.HSX5
115.54ti.194
101,752.4'ls
120,5r,.:.".U
150,243,505
193,198.970
182.978.022
187,040.2(54
161,52S,l,u
179,631.860
186,137,930
maw.?.*
195,424.210
171,781,008
93.048,486
282.312.267
209,2;.:i.iiii
187,576.0112
214,810.1120
163,0.->5.(X18
132,485,033
147,974,719
1,548,033
1,689.175
1,651,821
1,657,584
1,176,137
1,089.681
1,048.664
1,150 355
1,116,716
1,359.788
1,468.374
1,412,902
1.622,700
1.025.450
1,707,619
1,789.100
2,227,894
2.314.754
2,343,903
2,129,301
2.129.918
2.053.447
2,3(54,805
2,171,493
2.141,853
2,176.466
2,168,667
2,038.485
1.944,780
1,890,845
1,831,201
1,703,561
20,864,944
23,184,000
22,504.800
22,527,900
15,473,600
15,365,500
14,888.600
15. 142.000
14.990.SXX)
17.722.100
20,374.800
21,170.100
25,842.7!X)
23,639,460
24.540.S29
20,704.950
29.960,037
28,058,582
28,640,000
21,756,000
24.489.000
20,693.000
28.415.000
28.420,299
25,807,472
31,751,868
27.978.824
2ti.555.416
26.727.615
27,210,070
24.369.017
27,303.324
$17.149,716
23.280,584
21.349.190
17,341,861
11,320.1X17
10.927.ii-::i
10,071.1X11
10.638.:.'5S
ll,6io.:;:;;i
11,894.22:1
12,504,1170
12,201.769
13,56(5.002
15.507.4S1
18,584,500
19,327.415
18,439.1114
16,300.503
14,857,04(1
12,594.820
13.881,330
11,283.140
16,721.869
12 009.; 52
16,229.992
24.589.217
15,1(50.050
13.612.222
13.31)5.476
11.9(54.820
9,1X50.7(59
12,239,647
1867
1868....
1869 .
1870
1871
1872 ...
1878
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
187'J .-
1880
1881 .
1H8J
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894...,
1895
I8ixi
1897
All values in this and the following tables are in gold.
48 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
STATISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL FARM CROPS.-CONTINUED.
Acreage, production and value of the principal farm crops in the United States, 185B to 1897.
YEAR.
BARLEY.
BUCKWHEAT.
Area.
Production.
Value.
Area.
Production.
Value.
1866..
Acres.
492.532
1,131,217
937.498
1,025.795
1.108.954
1,177.735
1.397.082
1,387,106
1,580,636
1.789.902
1,766,511
1,614.654
1.790.400
1.680.700
1,818329
1.967.510
2.272,103
2.379.009
2,606318
i. 729.359
2.652,957
2.901.958
2.996.382
3.220.834
3,135.302
3.352,579
3.400,361
3.220,371
3.170.602
3.299.973
2.950.539
2,719,116
Bushels.
11.283.807
25.727,000
22,896.100
28,652.:.'00
26,295.400
26.718.500
26.846.400
32.044.491
32,552.500
36,908.600
38,710.500
34.441,400
42.245,630
40.283,100
45,165.:-146
41,161.330
48,!>53.926
50.136.1197
61.203.000
58.360.000
59,428,000
56.812.000
63.884.000
78,332,976
67.16S.344
86.839.153
80.0B6.762
69.869.495
61.400,465
87.072.744
69.695.223
66.685,127
$7.916.342
18.027.746
51.948.127
20,298.164
20,792,213
20,264.015
18.415.839
27.794.22'.!
27.997.824
27.367,522
24,402.f,91
21.629.130
24,454.301
23.714.444
30.090.742
33,862.513
80,7 68.015
29,420.423
29.779.170
32,867.695
31.840.5 IB
29.464.390
37,672,032
32.614,271
42.140.50J
45,470,342
38,026,062
28.729.3S6
27,134.127
29.312.413
22.491.241
25,142,139
Acres.
1.045.624
1.227.826
1.113.993
1,028.693
536.992
413.915
418.497
454.152
452.590
575,530
666.441
649.923
673,100
639.900
822.802
828.815
847,112
857.349
879,403
914.394
917,915
910,506
912.630
837.162
844,579
849.364
861,451
815,614
789.232
763,277
754.898
717,836
Bushels.
22.791.839
21,359.000
19.863.700
17.431.100
9.841.500
8.328.700
8.133.500
7,837.700
8,01(1.600
10,082.100
9,668.800
10,177.000
12.246.820
13.140.0U)
14,617.535
9.486,200
11.019.353
7,668.954
11,116,000
12.626.000
11.869.000
10.844.000
12.050.000
12,110.329
12.432.831
12,760.932
12,143,185
12,122.311
12.668.200
15.341.399
14.089.783
14,997,451
$15,413,160
16,812.070
15.490.426
12.534.851
6,937.471
6.208,165
5,979.222
5.878.629
5.843.645
6.254.564
6.435.8*;
6.808. ISO
6.441.240
7,856.191
8.682.488
8,205.705
8,038.862
6,303.980
6,549.020
7,057.363
6,465,120
6,122.320
7.627,647
6,113.119
7,132.872 :
7,271.506
6.295.643
7,074.450
7.040.23S
6.936.325
5.522.339
6,319,188
1867....
1868....
1869
1870
1871...
1872....
1873. . . .
1874
1875 ...
1876....
1877
1878
1879....
1S.SU ...
1881
1882. . . .
1883...
1884
1885
188H....
1887....
1888
1889....
1890
1891...
1892
1893
1894
1895....
1896
18)7
YEAR.
POTATOES.
HAY.
Area.
Production.
Value.
Area.
Production.
Value.
186B. . . .
Acres.
1,069,381
1,192.195
1.131,552
1,222,250
M25.119
1,2211.913
1.331.331
1.295,139
1.310,041
1.510,041
1,741.983
1,792.287
1,776,800
1,836.800
1,8*8,510
2,041.670
2.171.635
2.289.275
2.220.980
2,265.823
2.287,136
2.357.322
2.533,280
2,647.989
2,651,579
2.714,770
2.547,962
2.605,186
2 737 9f3
Bushels.
107.200.976
97.783,000
106,090.000
133.886.000
114.775,0110
120.461.700
113.516.000
106.089.000
105,981.000
166,877,000
124,827.000
170,092,000
124,126.650
181.626.400
167,659,570
109,145.494
170.972,508
208.164,425
190,642.000
175.029.001)
168.051.000
134,103.000
202.365.UUO
204.990.315
148.078.945
254.426.9i 1
15li,654.Sl'.l
183.034.203
170.787.:;: is
297,237.370
252,2:u.:.i(i
164,015,964
$50,722,553
64.462,486
62,918.660
57,481. S3
74,621.019
64.905.189
60.692.1211
69.153.709
65,223.314
57.357,515
77.319.541
74,272.500
72.923.575
79.153.673
81,062.214
99.291,341
95,304.844
87.849.991
75.524.290
78,153,403
78,441,940
91.506.740
81,413,589
72.704.413
112,205,2i5
91.024,521
103.567.520
108,661.801
91,526.787
78.984.901
72.182.350
89,643,059
Acres.
17.668,904
20.020.554
21.541,573
18.591.281
19.861.805
19,009,052
20.318.936
21.894,084
21,769,772
23.507,964
25.282,797
25.367,708
26.931.300
27.484.9U1
25.863.955
30.8S8.700
32.339.585
35.515,948
38.571.593
39,849,701
36,501,688
37.664.739
38.591.903
52,947.236
50.712.513
51,044,490
60.853,081
49,613.469
48.321,272
44.206.453
43,259.756
42,426,770
Tons.
21.778.627
26.277.000
26.141.900
26.420.000
24.525.000
22.239.400
23.812.8lO
25.085.100
25.133,900
27,873,600
30.867,100
31.629.3i
39.60S.296
35.493.000
31,925,233
35.135.WW
38.138.049
46.864.009
48.470. 460
44,731.550
41,796,499
41.454,4%
46.643.094
66.829.612
60.197.589
60,817.771
59.823.735
65,766.158
54.874.408
47,078.541
59.282.158
60,664,876
$220.835.771
268.S00.623
263.589.235
268.933.048
305.743.224
317,939.799
308,024.517
314.241.ai7
300.222.454
300.377.S3y
27li.991.422
264.879.796
285.015.625
330.804.494
371.811.084
415.131.366
371.170.:r>6
384.834.451
396.139.309
as9!752.873
353.437.699
413.440,283
408.499.51 15
470,374. 94S
473,569.972
494,113,616
490.427.798
570.882.S72
46S.578.:1
3!l:l.l85.61.i
3S8.145.614
401.390.72S
1867
1868
1869
1870. . . .
1871
1872
1873....
1874
1H75
1876. . . .
1877
1878 ..
1879. . . .
1880
1881
1882....
1883. . . .
1884....
1885 ..
1886. . . .
1887
1888
1889 ..
1890....
1891
])2
1893
1894
1895. . . .
2.954,952
2.767.465
2,534.577
1896
1897
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE.
1!)
STATISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL FARM CROPS. CONTINUED.
Acreage, production and value of the principal farm crops in the United States, 1866 to 1897.
TOBACCO.
COTTON.
Area.
Production.
Value.
Area.
Production.
Value.
tBH
Acres.
520.107
Pounds.
388,1 28,684
$37,398,393
Acres.
Bales.
2.097.254
$204.561,896
1867
494.333
318.724.000
29.572,660
2,519.554
189.583,510
1868 ...
427,189
320.982,000
29,822 873
2 366.467
226.794 168
1869
481.101
273,775.000
25.520.065
7,933,000
3.122.551
261 067.037
1870
330.668
950,6281)00
24.010.018
9.985.090
4,352,317
292.703.0S6
1871
350,769
263,19<>.1UO
28.292,645
8,911.000
2,974,351
242.672,804
1872
416.512
342,304.<HIO
31,647,817
9.560.000
3,930,508
2SO,552,62
1873
480,8i'8
372.810,000
28,421.703
10,816.000
4,170,338
289,853.486
1874
281.6(2
178,^55.000
21.066.515
10,982,000
3.83f 991
228,113.080
1875
559.049
379,347.000
20,453.881
11.635.000
4,632.313
2X8,109.945
1876
540,457
381,002,000
25,923,894
11.500,000
4,474.069
2 11, 655,041
1877
11,825000
4 773 8H5
235 731 194
is rs
542,850
392 546.700
22.093,240
12,266,800
4,694,942
193.467.706
1979
416,100
391,278,360
22.727,524
12.595.aOO
4,735,082
242,140,987
188(1
602.516
446,'_>%.ss<.i
36,414,615
15.475,300
5.708.942
280.26(1,242
1881
640.239
449,880,014
43.372.SW
16,851.000
5,456.048
294,135,547
1832
671.522
613.077.558
43.189,950
16,791,557
6,957,000
309.69i;,500
1883
638,739
451,545.641
40.455.362
16,777,993
5,700,600
250,594,750
1884
724,668
541,504.000
44,160.151
17,439.612
5,682.000
253,993,385
1885
752.520
562.736.0011
43.265.598
18.300.8li5
6,575,300
269,889,812
188 1 !
750,210
532.587,000
39.468,218
18.454,603
6.254.460
309.381,938
1887
598,020
386,240,000
40.977,259
18.641.067
7,020.209
337,972,453
1838 ..
747,326
565,795.000
48,666,866
1S.058.591
6,940.898
354.454,340
1889....
695.301
488.aT6.61i)
32.386.740
20,171,806
7,472,511
402.951,814
1890 . .
722.198
522.215.116
43,100.582
20.809.053
8,652,597
369,6(18.858
1891
742,945
556.877.039
47,492.584
20,714,937
9,035.379
326.513,298
189 i
725,195
498,621.686
46,728,959
18.067.924
6,700,365
262.252.286
ISili
702,952
488,023.903
39,155,442
19,525.0(0
7,493.000
274,479 637
1894
523.103
406.67s.;>s:>
27,750,739
23,687.950
9,476,435
287,120,818
1895
633.950
491,544.000
35,574,220
20.184,368
7.161.094
260,338,096
1896
594,749
403.004,320
24,258.070
23,273,209
8.532,705
291,811,564
1897 . . .
AVERAGE VALUE AND YIELD OF CEREAL CROPS IN THE UNITED STATES,
by geographical divisions and by periods of years. (Values are in gold.)
GEOGRAPHICAL DIVI-
SION AND PERIOD.
Av.
farm
price
perbu.
Av.
yield
p r
acre.
Av.
value
per
acre.
Av.
farm
price
per bu.
WHEAT.
Av.
yield
per
acre.
Av.
value
per
acre.
Av.
farm
price
per bu.
OATS.
Av.
yield
per
acre.
Av.
value
per
acre.
North Atlantic-
is^) to 18:9
1880 to 1889
1890 to 1896
South Atlantic
1870 to 1879
1880 to 1889
189Utol896
North Central
1870 to 1879
18S0101889
1890 to 1896
South Central -
187010187!)
1880toiaS9
1890 to 1896
Western
1870 to 1879
1880 to 188!)
1890 to 1896
The United States
1870 to 1879
1880 to 1889
1890 to 1896....
Bus.
34.8
30.7
32.0
15.0
13.7
14.4
32.3
28.9
28.4
21.2
18.5
18.8
31.0
26.3
23.4
27.1
24.1
24.1
$23.09
18.11
16.81
9.89
7.80
7.29
10.56
9.41
8.46
12.21
9. 19
8.37
27.26
IS. 84
13.30
11.54
9.48
8.55
$1.33
1.02
.81
1.31
1.02
.80
.96
.79
.62
1.11
.91
.73
1.10
.80
.68
Bus.
14.2
13.8
14.9
9.0
8.3
9.1
13.0
12.6
13.3
9.0
8.1
9.8
13.9
14.1
14.7
12.4
11.1
13.0
11.81
8.49
7.47
12.50
9.94
8.28
9.98
7.34
7.15
15.18
11.31
9.95
13.00
9.98
8.54
$0.43
.51
.48
.44
.48
.44
.39
.353
.309
.286
Bus.
81.6
28.4
27.3
15.6
11.3
13.1
30.8
31.0
2?. 2
20.5
15.8
17.7
32.5
29.5
30.7
28.4
26.6
25.2
$13.56
11.06
9.68
7.90
5.46
5.71
8.67
8.14
6.87
9.82
6.91
6.93
20.01
13.54
11.96
10.03
8.22
7.21
50 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
CORN.
Acreage, average yield per acre, average farm price, monthly range of cash prices at Chicago
In December and May, and domestic exports (including cornmeal).
CHICAGO PRICE.
T'RS
Acreage.
Av'age
yield
per
acre.
Production.
Av'age
farm
price.
Value.
No. 2.
Exports.
Fixcal j/rs.
bee/inning
July 1.
December.
May of fol-
lowing year.
Cts.per
Cts. per bu.
Cts. per bit.
Acre*.
Bus.
Bushels.
bushel.
Low. Hiah.
Low. Hitih.
Bushels.
1869. . . .
37.103,245
23 6
874.3.20.000
59.8
522.560,509
56 67
73 85
2.140.487
1870. . . .
38.646.977
28.3
1,094.255.(IOO
49.4
540.520. 4.')6
41 59
46 52
10,676.873
1871...
34,091.137
29.1
991.898,000
43.4
430.355,910
36 39
38 43
35,727.010
1872. . . .
35.526.SW
30.8
1,092.719.000
35.3
385,736.210
27 28
34 39
40.154.374
1873....
39.107.148
23.8
932,274.<IOO
44.2
411,981.151
40 49
49 59
ai.965.834
1874. . . .
41,036,918
20.7
850.148.51
5S.4
496.271.255
64 76
53 67
30.or,.ii:;i;
1875. . . .
44.841.3Tl
29.4
I,321,0li9.000
36.7
484,674.804
40 47
41 45
50.910..W3
1876. . . .
49.033.364
26.2
1.283.827.500
34.0
436,108.521
40 43
43 56
72,652.611
1877. . . .
50.369.113
26.7
1.342.558.000
34.8
467.635.230
41 49
35 41
87.192.110
1878. . . .
51.585,000
26.9
1.388.2l8.7f.O
31.7
440.280.517
30 32
33 36
87,884.2
1879....
53.085.450
29.2
1.547.901.780
37.5
580,486.217
39 43M
3256 36%
99,572.:i--x.)
1880. . . .
62,317.842
27.6
1,717.434.543
39.6
679.714,499
35% 42
414 45
93.648.147
1881....
64.262,025
18.6
1.191.916.000
63.6
759,482.170
584 63U
69 76%
44,340.*^
1882....
65.659.545
24.6
1.617.025.100
48.5
783.867,175
49^ 61
53V< 56%
41,655.6.^
1883. . . .
68.P01.889
22.7
1,551,0ft;.- 1 .':,
42.4
658,051.485
54^ 63%
524 57
46.258,ai
1884....
69.683.780
25.8
l,795,52,s.OOO
35.7
640.745.560
344 40M
44% 49
52,876.4.i>
1885....
73.130.150
26.5
1.936.176.000
32.8
635.674.t>30
36 42%
34V* 36%
64.829.617
1886....
75.694.208
22.0
1,865,441.000
36.6
610.311.000
35% 38
36% 39%
41,368.584
1887....
72.392.720
20.1
1,456.161.000
44.4
646,106.770
47 51%
54 60
25.360.869
1888....
75.672.763
26.3
1.987,790.000
34.1
677,561.580
334 35%
33% 35%
70,841.673
1889. . . .
78.319.651
f.O
2,112.892.000
28.3
597,918.829
29\4 35
32% 35
103.418.70S)
1890. . . .
71.970,763
f 1
1.489,970.000
50.6
75i.433.451
47 * 53
55 694
32.041,529
1891....
76.204.515
o
2.060.154.000
40.6
836.439,228
39% 59
40% *100
76.602.2s-,
1892. . . .
70.626.658
23.1
1.628.464.000
39.4
642.146.630
40 42%
394 444
47,121. S9 1
1893....
72.036.-I65
22.5
1.619.496.131
36.5
591.625.627
34>4 364
36% 384
66.489.529
1894....
62,582.21,9
19.4
1.212.770.052
45.7
554,719.162
44% 474
47% 554
28.585. 4ai
1895. . . .
82.075.830
2*. 2
2.151.138.580
25.3
514,985.534
25 263*
274 294
101.100.37o
1896. . . .
81.027.156
28.2
2.283,875.165
21.5
491.006.967
224 23%
23 254
178,817,417
1897....
80.095.051
23.8
1.902,967,933
26.3
501.072.952
25 27*.
Result of a corner.
WHEAT.
Acreage, average yield per acre, average farm price, monthly range of cash prices at Chicago
in December and May, and domestic exports (including wheat flour).
CHICAGO PRICK.
Y'BS.
Acreage.
Av'age
yield
per
atre.
Production.
Av'age
farm
price.
Value.
No. 2 SPRING.
Exports.
Fix&it j/iif.
beginning
July 1.
December.
May of fol-
io-wing year.
Cts.per
Cts. per bu.
Cts per bu.
Acres.
Bus.
Bushels.
busfu'l.
Low. Hitih.
Low. Hifih .
Bushels.
1869....
19.181.1104
13.6
267.142.900
76.5
199.024,996
63 76
79 92
53.900.780
1870. . . .
18,992.591
12.4
235,884.700
94.4
222,766,969
91 98
113 120
52,580.111
1871....
19.943.893
11.6
230,722.400
114.5
264.075.851
107 111
120 143
38.995. 7:w
1872....
20.858.359
11.9
249.997.100
111.4
278.522,068
97 108
112 122
52.014.715
1873...
22.171.B76
12.7
281.264.1 00
106.9
300,669,533
96 106
105 114
91.510.:i'.is
1874...
24.967.U27
12.3
308.102.700
86.3
265.881,167
78 83
78 94
72,912.817
1875...
26.381.512
11.1
292.136.000
89.5
26l.39.'i.926
82 91
89 100
74.760.682
1876. . .
27.627.021
10.4
289.356.5011
96.3
278.697.218
104 117 '
139 172
57.04JH.itW
1877...
26,277.546
13.9
364.194,1)6
105.7
385.08il.444
103 108
98 113
92.071.72.!
1878. . .
32,108.560
13.1
420,122.400
77.6
325.814.119
81 81
91 102
150.502.oOti
1879...
32,545,'.50
13.8
448,756.630
110.8
497,030.132
122 133k!
1124 119
180.304.180
1880...
37.986.717
13.1
498.54SI.8(iS
95.1
474.201.850
931$ 109M
101 112%
186.321.514
1881...
37.709.020
10.2
383,280.090
119.2
456.880.427
124% 129
123 140
121.892.389
1882...
37,067.194
13.6
504,185.470
88.2
445.602,125
91% 94%
108 113%
147,811.316
1883...
36.455.593
11.6
421,086,160
91.1
383.649.272
91% 99M
85 94%
111.534. 1S2
1884...
39.475.885
13.0
512.765.00U
61.5
330,862.260
69^ 76%
85% 90*
132,57U.3t
1885...
34.189,2,6
10.4
357,112.000
77.1
275,320.390
8% 89
72% 79
94.565. 7H3
1886...
36.806,184
12.4
457,218,000
68.7
314.226.020
75% 79 *
80% 83%
153.804.969
1887...
37.641.783
12.1
456,329,000
68.1
310,612,960
75% 79>4
81 89%
119.624.344
1888. . .
37.336.138
U.I
415,868.000
92.6
385.248.tSO
96% 105
77J4 95'.6
88.600.742
1889...
38.123.aV.)
12.9
497,560.000
69.8
34V491.707
76% 804
% 100
109.430.46i
1890...
36.087.151
11.1
399,262.000
83.8
33i.773.678
87Wi 92)4
98% 108
106.181.316
1891...
3ii.916.8y7
15.3
611,780,000
83 9
513.472.711
89% 93M
80 8j%
225.665.812
1892...
38.554.430
13.4
451.949.1X10
62.4
372,111.881
094 73
63^ 76 1 4
19l.yl2.635
1893. . .
34.629.418
11.4
396.liil.725
538
213.171.381
59% 644
5','U 60'^
164.283. 129
1894...
34.882.436
13.2
4tW.267.41li
49.1
225.902.025
52% 63%
MM 85%
144.812.7 IS
189->...
34.047.332
13.7
467.102,947
50.9
237.93s.'.w
53<4 64%
57!4 67%
126.443.9tW
1896...
34.618.646
12.4
427.684.346
72.6
310.602.539
7-4% 93%
68% 97%
145,124,972
1897...
3lt.4t6.066
13.4
530.149.16S
80.8
428,547.121
92 109
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE.
51
FARM PRICES.
Table showing final estimates of average farm prices of various agricultural products,
December 1, 1897.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
1
O
1,
||
i
1
I 1
|
1
1
S3
23
3*
L
S,
*f
a
J-s
||
I 1
!|
II
S*
tf
1-,-
S|
ll
s&
*
1
!
h
6 a
Maine
Cts.
47
45
43
47
Cts.
106
110
104
Cts.
82
84
60
61
Cts.
32
38
32
33
34
34
27
30
27
23
Cts.
55
60
46
66
54
"42"
"39"
Cts.
44
55
46
66
"57"
40
49
42
36
51
50
49
Cts.
89
90
70
90
97
90
67
78
66
65
68
70
64
105
100
120
94
82
85
95
84
73
65
67
62
43
62
62
38
31
47
63
55
46
32
33
40
55
56
78
Cts.
"90"
76
74
58
52
46
31
40
45
44
48
51
41
57
56
61
66
64
78
$9.75
11.50
9.25
13. 90
14.50
13.00
8.25
10.75
9.15
10.00
10.50
10.25
9.75
11.50
13.00
14.25
10.25
9.50
8.75
7.25
8.65
10.75
8.85
10.00
6.25
7.75
Cts.
'"5.'2
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
54
49
40
38
34
30
30
38
43
49
48
55
100
90
93
91
94
93
92
,94
118
103
59
48
50
43
New York
Pennsylvania
46
50
60
86
92
26
29
37
45
42
53
North Carolina
South Carolina
Florida
46
45
45
101
99
118
43
44
38
41
40
36
40
35
25
27
21
21
25
24
17
24
22
17
21
32
65
50
38
58
89
84
95
89
89
88
87
89
89
84
77
75
84
74
69
69
74
68
70
70
75
74
72
86
58
51
53
44
42
42
44
41
37
36
44
40
32
35
36
27
33
28
30
27
20
23
19
18
19
19
16
19
18
15
18
26
33
35
32
41
43
59
"46"
41
40
44
38
32
24
24
40
25
24
22
27
60
"li"
55
57
49
"SO"
38
49
57
38
45
49
60
West Virginia
Kentucky
Ohio ... . .
Michigan
76
80
"re"
66
64
86
'76"
90
90
5.90
6.15
6.25
4.50
4.25
6.15
3.40
3.00
2.95
3.25
7.75
6.00
5.50
7.00
5.00
4.75
5 00
'"5.'6
Illinois '.
Wisconsin
Nebraska
51
South Dakota
Wyoming
"52"
Arizona...
Utah
55
68
90
60
33
45
30
73
Nevada
70
32
35
35
49
42
43
45
54
32
r i ''
',
Washington
55
53
56
68
72
83
76
62
59
65
28
<) (
1
Oregon
55
40
49
7.7
60
50
9.00
"'i.'s
Oklahoma
Total
26.3
80.8
44.7
21.2
37.7
42.1
54.7
6.62
AVERAGE PRICES OF WHEAT IN ENGLAND,
1041 to 189G, by periods of years.
No.years p ,
PERIOD OF YEARS. r ffi -
PERIOD OF YEARS.
No.years
repre-
sented.
Price
per bu.
1041 to 1100 7
JO. 351
.511
1.828
1.0321
.4941
rios
1.090
1.690
1800 to
isio to
isaito
1830 to
1840 to
18,iO t(
1 Still tc
1S7IIU
IS.SU to
IS9J tf
1809 .
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
$2.496
2.693
1.764
1.651
1.649
1.575
1.518
1.514
1.091
.833
1114 to 11U7 . 10
1819
12UJ to 1214 27
1829
1301 to 1391 29
1839
1401 to 1500 39
1849
1504 to 1600 . 41
1859 .
1601 to 1700 96
1869
171)1 to 1800 85
1879
1801 to 1896 96
1889 ..,
189ti
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
NUMBER AND VALUE OF FARM ANIMALS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1868-98.
JANUARY i.
HORSES.
MULES.
MILCH Cows.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
1868. . . .
5,756,910
6.332.793
8.218.800
8,702,000
8.990,900
9.222.470
9.333.800
9,504,200
9.735,300
10,155.400
10.329.700
10.938.7(0
$432,698,226
533.024.787
671,319,461
683,257,587
659,707.916
684.463.957
666,927.406
646,370.939
632,446,985
610,206.631
600,813.681
573.254.808
613.296.611
667.954,325
615.824.914
765,041,308
833.734,400
852,282,947
860,8211208
901,685,755
94fi.096.154
982.194.827
978.516.562
941.823,222
1,007,593.636
992,225,185
769,224.799
576,730.580
500.140.186
452.649.396
478,362,407
855.685
921,662
1,179.500
1,242,300
1,276.300
1.310.000
1 1339,350
1,393.750
1,414.500
1.443.500
1,637.500
1,713,100
1,729,500
1.720.731
1,835,166
1,871,079
1,914.126
1,972.569
2,052.593
2,117,141
2.191,727
2,257.574
2.331,027
2.296.532
2,314.699
2.331.128
2,352,231
2.333.108
2.278,946
2.215,ail
2,257,665
$66,415,769
98,386.359
128.584.796
126,127,786
121.027,316
124,658,OH5
119,501.859
111.502.713
106,565.114
99,480.976
104.322.a39
96.033.971
105.94S.31 9
120.09ti.ltU
130,945,378
148.732,390
161,214,976
162,497.097
163.381.086
167,057.538
174.853,563
179.444,481
182,394.099
178.847.370
174.882,070
164,763,751
146,232.811
110,927,834
103.204.457
92.302,090
99,032,062
8,691,568
9.247,714
10.095.600
10.023,0110
10.303.500
10.575.900
10.705.300
10.906.8IX)
11.085,400
11,260.800
11.300,100
11,826.400
12.027.0UO
12,368,683
12,611,632
13,125,685
13,501.206
13.904.722
14,235,388
14.522,083
14.856,414
15.298.625
15.952.8SS
16.019,591
16,416,351
16.424,087
16,487,400
16.504,629
16,137.586
15.941,727
15.840,886
$319.681.153
361.752,676
394,940,745
374,179,093
329.301,983
814.358,981
299.609 ,309
311,089.824
320.346.728
307,743,211
298,499.866
256.953,928
279.899.420
296,277,iO
326.480,310
396,575,405
423.486.649
412.903.093
389.985.523
378.789,589
366.252.173
266.226,376
352,152,133
316.397,900
351.378,132
357.299,785
358,998.661
362.601.729
363.955.545
369.239.993
434,813,826
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873. . . .
1874. . . .
1875
1876. . . .
1877
1878
1879.,..
1880
1881
11.201.800
11,429.826
10,521.554
10,838.111
11,169.683
11,564.572
12,077.657
12.496,744
13,172,936
13.6ta.294
14.213,837
14,056.750
15 498 140
1882.
1883. . . .
1884. . . .
1885
1886
1887. . . .
1888. . . .
1889
1890. . . .
1891....
1892
1893
16,206.802
16,081.139
15,893.318
1894
1895. . . .
1896
15.124,057
14,364.667
13,960,911
1897
1898
JANUARY 1.
CATTLE, OTHER
THAN Cows.
Value.
SHEEP.
Value.
SWINE.
No. Value.
Total value
of farm
animals.
1870..
1871..
1872..
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1881...
1SS2...
1883...
1884..
iss
isst;..
1887...
18-J8-.
1889..
1890..
1891..
1892..
1898..
1891..
1895..
1896..
1897..
11.942.484
12. 185.385
15.:JS,S.50U
lf,.212.-.t)0
16,389.800
16,413,800
16,218,100
16,313,400
16,785.300
17,956,100
19,223.300
21,408,100
21,231.000
20,937,702
23,280,238
28,046.077
29,046.101
29,866,573
31.275,242
1249.144.599
306,211,473
346,926.440
369,940.056
321.562,693
329,298,755
310,619,803
304,858,859
319,621509
307.105.386
329.541,703
329,543,327
341,761,154
362,861.509
463,0(19.499
611,549,109
33,511,750
34.37S.363
35,032,417
36.S49.024
36.875.648
37.651.239
35.954.196
3ti.608.168
31.364,216
32,085.409
30.508.108
29,264.197
6S3.229.054
694.382,913
661.956,274
663,137.926
611,750.520
597,236,812
560,625,137
544,127.908
570.749,155
547.882.204
536,789,747
482,999.129
508,928.116
507.929.421
612.296,634
33.991,912
37.W4.279
40,853,000
31.851,000
31.679,300
33,002.400
33.928,200
33,7SJ.600
35.9:55.300
35.804,200
ai.740,500
38,123,800
40.765.000
43,576.899
45.016.224
49,237.291
60.626.626
60^00,343
48.322.331
44.759.314
43,544,755
42.599,079
44.336,072
43.4J-J1.136
44,938.365
47.273.553
45.048.017
42.294.OtU
38.298,783
36.818.643
37.656,960
98,407.809
82.139,979
93,361.433
74,035.837
88,771,197
97,922,3SO
88,690.569
94,320.652
93,666,318
80.603,062
79.023,984
90.2-J0.537
104.070.759
106.591,954
124,3ti5,835
119,9112,706
107.960.650
92.443.867
89.872,839
89.279.926
90.ti40.369
100.659.761
108.397,417
116.121.290
12o.!)09,261
89,186.110
6ti.685.767
65,167,735
67.020.942
92.721,133
24.317.258
21316.476
26,751.400
29.457,500
31,796,300
32.tK2.050
30,860.900
28,062,200
25.726.8(10
28.077.100
32.2ti2.500
34.766.100
34.ttil.100
36.247.603
44.122.200
43.270.086
44.200,893
45.142,65'
46.092.043
44,612.836
44.846,525
50.301.592
51.602.780
60,625,108
52.398,019
46,094.807
45,206.498
44,165.716
42,842.759
40.600.276
39,759,993
$110.766.266
146.1H8.755
187,191,502
182.602.352
138,733.828
133,729,615
134.565,526
149.869.231
175.070.481
171.077.19ti
160,838,582
110.613.044
145.781,515
170.535,435
263,543,195
291.951,221
246,31)1.139
226,101.683
196.569.891
200.013.291
220,811,082
291.307,193
243,418.336
210.193,923
211,031,415
295.426.492
270,384.626
219.501,267
186.529.745
166.272,770
174,351,409
$1,277,111.822
1.527.701,029
1,822,327,377
1,810.142.711
1.659.211.933
1.684.431,693
1.619,914,472
1.618,012.221
1.647.719.138
1,576.506,083
1.574.620.783
1.445,123,062
1,576.917,556
1,721.795.252
1.906.459,250
2,338.215,268
2.467.8*8.924
2,456.428,380
2.365.159,862
2.400.5S6.938
2.409,043.118
2.507,050,058
2,418,766.028
2,329.787,770
2.461.755,69s
2.483.506.6S1
2,170,816.754
l,819.446.KtKi
1.727,926,084
1.655,414,612
1,891,577,471
STATISTICS OP AGRICULTURE. 53
FARM ANIMALS.
Number, average price, and total value of farm animals In the U. S. on January 1, 1898.
STATES AND TER-
KITOBIES.
HORSES.
Mr MS,
MILCH Cows.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Maine. .
114,272
54,483
85,669
63.162
fM.K
47.59
44.14
63.35
$5,770.895
2,592,991
3,781.069
4,001,549
195,919
132,84(
266,276
174.5o4
25,255
138,930
$27.55
29.65
27.25
32.80
34.00
32 75
$5,397.568
3,938.706
7,256.021
5,725,371
858.772
4 549958
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
10.230
43,465
608,916
79,980
565.719
30,577
130.972
238.714
146.991
67,113
111,380
37,300
130,915
199,482
142.879
1.148,500
237.927
327,424
153.381
380.835
666,836
418,786
01 3.542
1,040.77
412.296
464,410
1.022.242
802,878
749.879
592,985
287,867
170,tt(6
171,795
73,733
151.721
83,854
51,973
67,619
50,347
130,691
173,157
193,588
417.396
42,227
13 960 911
76.54
70.19
55.48
64.24
49.25
52.95
47.91
37.25
47.16
51.36
45.59
38.95
40.52
35.40
29.54
17.30
28.40
35.17
35.25
32.46
41.37
46.44
36.13
36.05
43.07
39.35
34.01
25.28
26.12
30.53
28.97
37.94
18.23
14.93
22.86
18.18
25.28
17.21
12.82
13.69
24.05
20.61
28.96
17.34
U 9
782,976
3.050.870
33,781,467
5,137,961
27.8ti2.207
1,619,177
6,274.811
8.891.021
6.931,728
3,446.710
5.077,374
1.452,853
5,304,161
7.061,779
4,220.299
19.866.178
0.750.S8h
11.516,319
5,406,535
12.363,042
27.590.332
19,446,741
22.166.072
37,519,129
17,757,998
18,276.398
34.770.027
20.292,746
19.589.832
18,102,648
S.:!39.207
6.451,838
3.131,388
1.100.948
3,469.095
1.524,176
1,313.620
1,163.489
645.200
1.788,895
4.163,817
3.9S9.854
12.0S5.1HI9
732.177
Ata mw iff!
Connecticut
New York
4.511
7,342
36,686
5.243
12,625
36.733
112.523
98,340
165,202
8,438
131.03S
162,432
90,004
265,349
146.974
160.920
7,487
113,348
17,761
2,756
44,309
86,553
4,802
8,588
32.861
199.306
80,212
42,590
6,627
7.008
915
1.511
8.755
3.507
1.031
1,615
1,408
936
1.427
5.782
56.898
7,931
2 190 282
$58.25
80.74
63.32
68.91
70.95
51.54
53.64
61.27
64.72
63.55
50.15
49.45
56.28
30.96
36.52
37.67
43.37
35.89
43.16
46.43
40.54
40.09
45.42
44.97
39.94
31.98
34.48
37.23
39.59
56.04
32.77
46 08
43.14
32.50
24.07
26.14
21.91
23.72
44.09
2S.64
38.33
26.60
$262.746
692,786
2,322.825
361,270
895,684
1,893,283
6.036.220
6.024.889
10,691,811
536,274
6.571,322
8.029,440
5.065.747
8.214,550
6.367,264
6,081,550
324.727
4.067,779
766,482
127,969
1 796 173
1,402,164
208,421
928,905
35,554
151982
32.00
36.10
29.60
26.00
25.60
20.55
14.70
16.25
21.85
19.50
12.50
14.85
16.70
20.00
16.10
18.50
25.05
22.15
29.35
30.85
1". !.:.'< I
32.85
27.70
27.50
31.95
26.75
29.15
30.65
28.10
27.35
31.30
31.85
32.50
26.55
a ;. >.-)
23.95
27.85
25.50
44,369.248
7,523.998
27,495,588
924.404
3,890.739
5.189,122
3.801,523
2,123,582
6.629,115
2.296.808
3,702.425
3,974.706
2,307,673
14,449,520
3,600,684
5.177,466
4.189,362
5,848,730
21.409.093
14.023,207
17.692.747
32.955.711
23.372,821
17,434,808
38.79S323
17,829,678
19.072,437
17.519,264
9,598,370
4,587.115
1,336,917
572,026
2,784,242
507,795
478.328
1,330.758
604,224
743,758
3,109,677
2,689,449
9.809.531
932.458
New Jersev
Delaware
Maryland
252,512
258,607
130.682
303,392
117,785
296,194
267.657
138,184
722,476
223,645
279,863
167,240
264,051
729,441
454,561
605,916
1.003,218
814,384
633,993
1.214.345
666,530
654,286
571,591
341,579
167,719
42,713
17,960
85,669
19,126
18,222
55,564
18,105
29.167
120,297
115.427
342,392
35,590
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Arkansas
Tennessee
West Virginia
Ohio
Michigan
Illinois..
3,470,277
218.092
386,231
1,312.466
6,373,297
2.705.356
1,585.625
262,394
392,712
29.984
69,620
377,687
113,978
,55,434
42,218
30.843
22,202
62.910
165,606
2.180,836
210,967
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kansas
Nebraska
South Dakota
North Dakota
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
25.85
23.30
L's.r,-,
26.20
Oregon
California
Oklahoma
Total
STATES AND TEK-
BITOKIES.
CATTLE, OTHER THAN
MILCH Cows.
SHEEP.
SWINE.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Number.
Av.
price.
Value.
Maine
107,294
76,327
135,139
74,131
10,676
65.282
544,7:
42,406
550,981
23.953
109.175
856.360
321,228
152. 1HO
503.593
850,296
442,738
BTO.sro
220.108
4.823.295
$22.03
24.59
22.07
25.82
30. IS
30.08
26.17
25.14
23.64
22.90
22! 03
19.07
9.92
9.55
8.92
7.50
7.02
8.31
9.61
15.27
$2,363.309
1,876,685
2,982.522
1,914,319
322.233
1.983.673
14.25(5,261
1.066,254
13.025,750
548.545
2,470,249
6,795.970
3,188.029
1.453.811
4.492.300
2,625.811
8.109.998
3.082.848
2.115,346
73.639.656
232.6(8
76,754
161,117
41.262
10,769
30,820
825,446
41,067
782.776
12.852
132,170
880,966
290,445
70.787
341,233
'89,890
219,356
266.356
126,769
2,649,914
$2.84
2.96
3.38
3.56
3.23
3.52
4.04
3.78
3.41
3.59
3.28
2.57
1.47
1.58
1.67
1.77
1.28
1.40
1.41
1.67
$6fiO,196
227,959
543.897
146.997
34.731
108,313
3,332,739
155,193
2,669.266
46,112
433.452
980,581
425.502
112,197
568,494
158,925
279.898
372.898
178,808
4.409.457
76.067
55,825
75,453
67.131
14.146
64,274
638.849
150,368
1,033.001
50,055
328.5b7
955,781
1,426.774
1,031,150
2,073.254
456,519
1,848 158
1,919,019
751,413
2.820.H02
$7.71
8.15
7.88
8.54
7.86
9.83
7.24
7.25
6.78
7.16
5.69
3.45
3.03
3.94
3.66
2.13
2.51
2.83
2.91
3.14
$586,474
454,972
594,194
488,010
111,187
533.514
4.620.544
1.090,545
6,999,613
358,394
1.870,366
3.297.444
4.318.844
4,062,731
7,592.255
972,386
4,648.117
5.432,741
2.186,611
8.874.588
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York.
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Texas
54
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
FARM ANIMALS. CONTINUED.
Number, average price, and total value of farm animals In the U. 8. on January 1, 1898.
STATES AND TER-
K1TOK1ES.
CATTLE, OTHER THAN
MILCH Cows.
Av.
price.
Value.
SHEEP.
Number.
Av.
price.
SWINE.
Ay.
price.
Value.
Arkansas
Tennessee
West Virginia.
Kentucky
Ohio
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kansas ..
Nebraska
South Dakota.
North Dakota.
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico...
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington...
Oregon
California
Oklahoma
Total...,
305.522 $12.03
379.1(58
253.604
392.162
BOB. 127
348,505
675.698
1,304,192
607,541
593,922
2,207.739
1.537,523
2.035,774
1,213,764
432.079
245,282
1.082,498
688,092
935,826
731,216
509,082
322.464
241,201
349.142
294.862
667,030
810,615
212.814
13.41
20.79
20.65
27.16
23.13
25.25
27.72
22.76
20.99
28.71
24.80
..
25.08
23 08
22.00
23.82
2H.07
16.86
15.34
17.75
17.04
18.61
18.44
17.93
18.91
22.42
$3.675.886
5,986,344
5.273.085
8.097,948
16,463,012
8.062,319
17,060,685
3t>.150.911
13.830,060
12.4fi5.s2J
63.395,211
38.129,028
53.705.755
32.548.295
13BOBO
.
5.6BO.OU8
23,814.965
10.390.tM)
24,392,775
12.329,397
7.807.026
5,725,345
4.109,350
6,498.582
5.436,952
11,957.188
15,328,334
4,771,600
448.994
649.612
2,416,346
1,355.391
667,853
601,168
715.809
406.929
573.218
655.428
22B.659
266.163
349,70)
352,668
3.247.641
1.940.021
1, 6X3,089
2.K44.2I15
845,239
1,978,457
549,518
1,651.343
744,925
2.682,779
2,589,935
25,536
$1.40
1.75
2.88
2.46
3.42
3.46
3.54
3 44
3.20
2.86
3.56
2.63
2.78
2.85
2.65
2.48
2.40
2.95
2.38
1 89
2.10
2.10
2.20
2.19
2.18
1.66
2.23
2.07
575.907
1.292.204
1,599,995
8,274,777
4,695,075
2,361,863
2.065.914
2.287.725
1.164,631
2,044,095
1,727,708
631,586
759.362
926.029
876,028
7.804.081
5,714.332
3.8K9.445
5,364.284
1,773.734
4,144,868
1.206.467
3,612,313
1,622.446
4,451,150
5,785,915
52,846
1.293,051
1,688.338
352.727
1,475.831
2,330,355
727.757
1.326,961
2,159,425
920,557
433,003
3,625,831
3,105.072
1,692.916
1,327,128
142,617
119,105
46,961
22,345
22,035
29,905
24.772
47,335
11,349
71,432
168,546
220,847
467,676
84,010
$2.17
3.23
3.93
3.36
5.47
5.70
5.17
5.57
e.is
5.39
6.99
3.98
5.10
5.38
5.55
5.32
7.26
5.84
5.10
6.07
8.40
6.31
3.94
4.61
4.96
3.63
4.08
4.72
$2.805,920
5.449.95ti
1,386.217
4.963,219
12,737,720
4.148.943
6.857.735
12.019,360
5,089.042
2.331,722
21,704,225
12,358,188
8.641.489
7,146.582
791,524
633,045
340,935
130.572
112.379
181,524
208,181
298,471
44,716
329.553
835.989
1.906,247
3JB.529
29,264,197
20.92 612,296.634
37,656,960
2.46
92,721,133
39,759,993
4.39 174.351,409
YIELD PER ACRE OF CHIEF CROPS, 1897.
STATES AND TER-
RITORIES.
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Arkansas
Tennessee
West Virginia
Kentucky
Ohio
20
16.5 37
32.532
31
21.4 31
18.531.
19.736
21.529
19.2 33
31.5 29
12
9.411
15.8 18.5 25
10.5 16
11.221
13 4 24.5 20
16.932.532
22. 5
514
31
25 ....
28.2 24.5
22
24
12
13
15.5
14
9
u
74
591.10
51 1.15
701.30
62 1.40
1101.15
54 1.20
62 1.35
68 1.75
(ki 1.4(1
601.35
1.35
61 1.08
601.25
651.00
521.35
751.00
551.45
591.48
64 1.90
601.40
661.80
401.45
56 1.35
47 1.17
421.44
STATES AND TER-
RITORIES.
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kansas
Nebraska
South Dakota
North Dakota
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
California
Oklahoma
15.631.526
7.932.532
15.5 18
14.530
8
10.3 17
32. 5 18
25
24.3
22
23.518
19
Total 13.423.827.224.561.7 1.43
30.2 19
21.5
25
28
25.5
24
19
17.5
22
20
22.5
38
28*
35.532.5
72 1.49
31
1.43
38 1.29
991.35
1.57
60 1.50
42 1.15
481.30
691.60
1.25
991.60
1561.50
150 1.65
972.25
903.50
3.00
148 2.95
1352.50
140 2. 30
1022.25
1601.90
1051.60
STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE.
55
THE COTTON CROP.
Acreage, total production, value per pound, and total value of the cotton crop of 1897, for
upland and sea-island cotton separately.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
PRODUCTION.
Bales.
Pounds.
AV.
price
per Ib.
Centx.
Tatal
value.
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Indian Territory .
Kansas ,
Kentucky
Louisiana
Mississippi
Missouri
North Carolina...
Oklahoma
South Carolina. ..
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Total....
2,666,88
l,542.t;r,2
264.325
3,468.335
141,124
160
1,200
1.245.399
2.s:i5.3i6
77.868
1,228.714
78.550
2,014.348
912.337
6,758.656
155
47,747
833.789
005.643
48,730
1.299,340
87.705
61
414
507.251
1,201.0110
24,119
521.795
35,251
936.463
23>!,781
2.122.V01
123
11.539
422,731.023
303,427.143
20.370.S41
630.2(12.508
46,308.240
30.561
207.414
287.596257
608.91)7.000
12,083.619
255.157.755
18.612,528
452.666.126
118.tB7.28l
1,120,311.128
61.500
5,584.876
6.69
6.46
10.28
6.99
6.45
(i.72
6.63
6.67
6.74
6.42
6.96
6.72
7.11
6 63
6.63
7.00
6.90
$28.2SO,795
19.001 .393
2.094.264
44.078.447
2,986,881
2.054
13,752
19.182.670
41.040.332
775.768
17,758,980
1.250.762
32.168.902
7,86,989
74,322,004
4.305
385.356
23,273,20!)
8,532,705
4.302,945.600
291,811,56*
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida ...
Georgia
Indian Territory-
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Mississippi ,
Missouri
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina .. .
Tennessee ,
Texas
Utah..
Virginia
Total . . .
UPLAND CROP.
833,789
605,643
22.299
1,234.(!72
87,705
61
414
567,251
1,201,000
24,119
521,795
35,251
925,694
236,781
2,120,201
123
11.539
8,428.337
Pounds.
422.731.023
303.427,143
10,8^1.912
602.519,936
46,308.240
30,561
207.414
287.59fi.257
608,907.080
12.083.619
255,157,755
18,612,528
448.9C1.590
118,627.281
1,119,466.128
61.500
5.584.876
4,261,164,763
Price
per Ib.
Cents.
6.69
6.46
6.75
6.73
6.45
6.72
6.63
6.67
6.74
6.42
6.96
6.72
6.94
6.63
6.63
7.00
6.90
6.71
SEA-ISLAND CROP
Bales. Pounds.
26,431
64,668
10,769
2,500
104.368"
9.4S8.729
27,742,572
3.704.536
845.000
41.780.837
Price
per Ib.
Cents,
14.33
12.72
12.00
14.36
AVERAGE PRICES OF COTTON PER POUND IN NEW TORK AND LIVERPOOL.
1791 to 1896, by periods of years. (In gold for all years.)
PERIOD OF YEARS.
In New
York.
In Liv-
erpool.
YEAR.
In New
York.
In Liv-
erpool.
1791 to 1799 ...
Cents.
34 4
Cents.
48 9
1890
Cents.
11 5
Cents.
12 2
1800 to 1809
23 2
36
1891
9 o
9 9
1810 to 1819
20.4
38.5
1892
7.6
8.5
1820 to 1829
13 2
15.4
18113 *
8 2
9 3
1830 to 1839
12.4
14.5
18S4
7 7
8 5
1840 to 1849
8 1
9 7
1885
6 3
6 7
1850 to 1859
11 4
12 5
1896
8
8 3
1860 to 1869 . . ....
29 4
30 5
1897 .
6 78
6 8
1870 to 1879
14.4
16 3
1880 to 1889
10 8
12 1
1890 to 1896
8.3
9.1
THE COTTON CROP AND PRICES.
The phenomenally low price of cotton re-
cently reported, said to be the lowest point
reached in many years, lends special inter-
est to a series of tables just compiled by
the treasury bureau of statistics, showing
the remarkable increase in cotton produc-
tion and coincidental fall in price. These
tables show that the United States, the
chief cotton producer of the world, has
quadrupled her cotton production since 1872,
and that the price of cotton in the same
period has fallen to about one-fourth that
which prevailed In that year. In 1872 the
cotton crop of the United States is shown
to have been 1,384,084,494 pounds, with an
average price of 22.19 cents per pound. In
1898 the crop is reported at 5,667,372,051
pounds, with an average price of 6.23 cents
per pound. Thus the production of 1898 is
more than four times that of 1872 and the
average price but a little over one-fourth
that of that year.
When it Is considered that the other por-
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
tlons of the world that grow cotton have
not at all reduced their production mean-
time It IB apparent that the Increased cot-
ton supply of the world in the quarter of a
century under consideration has been very
great and far in advance of the increase
In population or consuming power.
Twenty-five years ago the United States
produced 70 per cent of the cotton of the
world; to-day she produces 85 per cent of
the world's cotton. This increase in the
percentage has been, not because of a re-
duction of the cotton produced In other
parts of the world, but simply on account
of the Increase in our own. The cotton sup-
ply of the other cotton-producing sections
of the world In 1872-3 was 1,667,000 bales
and in 1897-8 1,665,000 bales. The average
CQtton production of other countries from
1872 to 1878 was 1,618,000 bales per annum
and from 1890 to 1897 was 1,924,000 bales per
annum, showing that there has also been
a slight growth in cotton production In other
parts of the world, while our own produc-
tion has been increasing enormously.
Not only has the price of cotton fallen at
about the same rate that the production has
Increased but there has also been a cor-
responding fall in the price of cloths manu-
factured from cotton. The reports of the
bureau of statistics show that cotton
"printing cloths" were quoted at 7.88 cents
per yard in 1872, while reports just pub-
lished show an average rate of 2.17 cents
per yard in the cotton year 1898 for the
same grade of cloths, the fall in the manu-
factured article thus having, in this case at
least, nearly or quite kept pace with the
fall in the price of raw cotton and the In-
crease In production of that article.
It is proper to add that the prices quoted
for the earlier years are based upon the cur-
rency values of that period, and if reduced
to a gold basis would be slightly less.
Cotton "printing cloths" whose prices are
given In the table are of the quality manu-
factured for use in printing calicoes and ac-
cepted as a standard grade by which prices
are constantly quoted:
Year
ended
Aug. 31.
1872...
1873...
1874...
1875...
1876...
1877...
1878...
1879...
1880...
1881...
1882...
1883...
1884...
1885...
1886...
1887...
1888...
1889...
1890...
1891...
1892...
1893...
1894...
1895...
1896..
1897..
Domestic
cotton crop.
Pounds.
,..1,384,084,494
...1,833,188,931
..1,940,648,352
..1,783,644,022
..2,157,948,182
..2,095,901,297
...2,260,285,666
..2,404,410,373
..2,771,797,156
...3,199,822,682
...2,588,240,050
...3,405,070,410
..2,757,544,422
..2,742,966,011
...3,182,305,659
...3,157,378,443
...3,439,172,391
..3,439,934,799
...3,367,366,188
...4,316,043,982
..4,506,575,987
..: 3, 352, 658, 458
..3,769,381,478
..5,036,964.409
...3.592,416,851
..4.397,177,704
3 5,667,372,051
Average price
"printing cloth*."
Per yd.
7.88c"
6.69C
6.57C
5.33C
4.10C
4.38C
3.44C
3.93C
4.51C
3.95C
3.76C
3.60C
3.36C
3.12C
3.31C
3.33C
3.81C
3.81C
3.34C
2.95C
3.39C
3.30C
2.75C
2.86C
2.60C
2.47C
2.17C
Per W.
22.19C
20.14C
17.95C
15.46C
12.98C
11.82C
11.22C
10.84C
11.51C
12.03C
11.56C
11.88C
10.88C
10.45C
9.28C
10.21C
10.03C
10.65C
11.07C
8.60C
7.71C
8.56C
6.92C
7.44C
7.93C
7.74C
6.23C
INTEREST AND STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
STATES.
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
STATES.
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
g
i "
II
*
|
fi
s
1
4
8
*i
i
11
4
P
i
a
4.
?!
4 S
2
3
1
Alabama
P.ct.
8
6
7
7
8
6
6.
6
8
7
10
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
7
6
6
7
P.ct.
8
10
Any
Any
Any
Any
6
10
10
8
18
7
8
8
10
6
8
Any
(>
Any
10
10
10
8
12
rrs.
20
10
5
5
20
t
12
20
7
6
20
TM
20
5
15
10
20
12
20
6
10
7
20
10
Yrs.
*6
5
5
4
6
3
5
6
5
10
10
10
5
15
5
tt
3
6
6
6
6
10
8
Yrs.
3
3
8
2
6
6
3
i
2
4
4
5
6
5
3
*5
3
6
3
6
i
i
3
5
5
Nebraska
P.ct.
6
7
6
6
6
G
6
(i
6
7
8
6
6
7
7
6
8
8
6
H
7
(i
7
8
P.ct.
10
AD 6 y
6
12
6
6
12
8
Any
10
6
Any
8
12
6
10
Any
6
6
12
6
10
12
Yrs.
5
6
20
20
7
20
10
10
5
1
10
5
20
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
6
10
20
21
Yrs.
5
6
6
6
6
6
*3
6
15
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
1
6
10
6
5
Yrs.
4
4
6
G
4
6
3
6
6
i
6
i
6
6
6
6
2
2
6
2
3
5
6
8
Arkansas
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina.
North Dakota. . .
Ohio
Connecticut
Dist. of Columbia
Florida
Oklahoma
Illinois
Pennsylvania ..
Khode Island...
South Carolina .
South Dakota...
Tennessee
Texas
Louisiana
Maine
Utah
Massachusetts . .
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ..
Wisconsin
Mississippi
Montana ...
* Under seal 10. t No law. t Negotiable notes 6; non-negotiable 17. {Varies by counties.
^ Real estate 20. tt Under seal 12. it Under seal 11.
STATISTICS OP EDUCATION. 57
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION.
POPULATION, ENROLLMENT, AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, NUMBER AND
SEX -OF TEACHERS 1896-97.
STATE OH TERRITORY.
Est.
total
popula-
tion
in 1H97.
Pupils
enrolled
in
common
schools.
Per
cent
of pop-
ulatVn
en-
rolled.
Average
daily
attend-
ance.
TEACHERS.
Male.
Female.
Total.
United States
71,374,142
'14.652,492
20.53
10.089.620
131,386
271.947
403.333
North Atlantic Division.. . .
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
North Central Division
Western Division
North Atlantic Division-
Maine
19.947,800
9,732,882
12.844,600
M.933.500
8.915,360
3,545.164
2.070.287
2,724,946
5,587,456
724.039
17.77
21.27
21.22
22.41
18.50
2,529,086
1,274.579
1,840,001
3,928,779
517.175
18,731
20,423
32,011
53,994
6,227
79,503
26,130
28,464
122,499
15,351
98,234
46,553
60,475
170,493
21,578
657,300
398.700
333,000
2.IS4.0UO
395,700
840.100
6.851.000
1,768,000
6,070,000
173,200
1,179.000
277,782
1,704,000
849,800
1.763.000
1,274.000
12,015,000
497,600
1,993,000
1,877,000
1,741,000
1,431,000
1,253.000
2.979,000
1,290.000
280,600
132,139
64,207
65,349
439,367
62,337
143,921
1,208,199
25)4.880
1,139,765
33,174
229,947
42,995
367,817
215,665
370,920
258,183
446,171
105,415
400,126
481,585
319,526
350,615
169,947
616,568
316,270
70,309
20.10
16.10
19.62
16.69
15.75
17.14
17.56
16.67
18.78
19.16
19.50
15.50
21.58
25.40
21.04
20.26
22.14
21.19
20.08
25.66
18.36
24.62
13.56
20.70
24.53
25.06
96,571
47,717
50,465
334,945
49,224
101,063
820,254
191,776
837,071
122,693
13)1627
33,313
213,421
141,081
231,725
182,559
246.683
69,477
286,861
338,176
1213,000
202.683
124,123
440,249
195,509
139,400
tl,257
202
346
1,120
198
11442
5,461
804
8,901
1218
1,113
147
3,013
3,828
4,294
2,245
14.485
1,080
4,962
5,121
14,536
3,647
1,425
6.815
4,670
835
15,470
2,509
2,035
11,723
1.619
tt3,630
28,924
5.065
18,528
KB2
3,723
924
5,562
2,626
3,591
2,728
14.776
1,578
5,247
4,014
12,587
4,208
2.257
6,402
2,511
1,238
6,727
2,711
2,381
12,843
1,817
t*4.C72
34,335
5.869
27,429
840
4,836
1.071
8,575
6.454
7,885
4,973
9,261
2,658
10,209
9,135
7,123
7,855
3,682
13,217
7,181
2,073
South Atlantic Division-
District of Columbia
North Carolina^
Georgia
Florida
South Central Division
Tennessee!
Alabama
Arkansas
Oklahoma
North Central Division-
Ohio
3,834,000
2,244.000
4.5SM.OOO
2.246.000
2,072.000
1.700,000
2,101.000
3.036,000
303,600
342,900
1,131,000
1,329,000
229,400
99,700
564,800
174,900
80,650
260.700
41.610
138.100
479,700
378.800
1,467,000
825.650
551.073
920.425
491,812
426,565
371.889
546.a36
673,152
57,088
89,001
266,275
367,690
31,436
11.582
100,880
24,155
13,361
69,228
6,860
31,883
90,113
87,212
257,929
21.54
24.58
20.04
21.90
20.59
21.88
26.03
22.17
18.80
25.96
23.54
27.67
13.70
11.62
17.86
13.81
16.57
26.55
16.49
23.09
18.79
23.03
17.59
607,304
402,747
705.481
t347.219
273,958
235,497
347,620
490,431
38,478
t54,600
171,442
254,002
121,200
t7,700
H>9,600
19,349
10,439
48,315
4,145
22.645
63,212
61.721
188,849
10,316
7.115
7,196
8,563
2,502
2,445
5,824
5,H72
1,043
1,321
2,514
4,183
216
105
1780
328
116
484
39
298
1,184
1,287
1,390
14,900
7,937
18,345
12,038
9,875
8,793
22,208
8,966
1,984
3,187
6,833
7,433
804
360
12,340
277
238
693
265
495
2,061
2,030
5,788
25,216
15,052
25.541
15,601
12,377
11,238
28,032
14,938
3,027
4,508
9,347
11,616
1,020
465
3,120
605
354
1,177
304
793
3.245
3.317
7,178
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota!
South Dakota!.
Nebraska
Kansas
Western Division-
Montana
Colorado
Arizona
Utah
Washington:!:
California
including 409.433 secondary students in public high schools. tApproximately. Jin 1895-96.
| In 1891-U2. ||In 1894-95.
58 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS TAUGHT, SALARIES OF TEACHERS, VALUE OF
SCHOOL PROPERTY, STATE AND LOCAL TAXAT1ON-1896-97.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Average No. days
schools were kept.
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
SALARIES
OP
TEACHERS.
Value
of public
school
property.
Raised
from state
taxes.
Raised
from local
taxes.
Raised
from
other
sources,
state, and
local,
etc.
Males.
Fe-
males.
United States
140.4
$44.62
$38.38
$469,069,086
$35,062,533
$127,960,761
$25.617,949
North Atlantic Division
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
North Central Division
Western Division
North Atlantic Division-
172.9
111.2
92.8
151.2
141.5
55.35
31.11
41.21
45.14
59.42
40.85
30.80
34.50
37.45
52.95
187.006,486
20.274,814
21.0(12,125
205,177.995
35,607,666
12,590.312
4,053.785
8,046,229
7.272.916
3,099,291
49.878,330
5,816,827
4,015,751
59,871.812
8,378,041
11,500,835
1,375,059
1,389,748
9.710,. r >27
1,641,780
*136
134.6
154
186
190
187.5
174
ias
158.4
ttlGO
182
183
120
111
65.4
83.3
116.9
40. C4
37.10
38.52
144.80
99.24
8S.77
25.88
27.64
26.84
52.20
50.48
42.70
4.081,951
3,284,121
1,500.000
36,780.727
4,414,512
9.344,690
66,077,600
12,605,882
48,917,003
J904.426
64.:),IKM
3,500,000
3,090.777
3,227,141
513,384
*58.831
84,853
1.049.032
*857,388
701,339
12,195,750
1.261,891
2.176,200
15,979,451
3,032,756
12,621,523
t209,000
1,509.595
cl,131,648
840,241
1,219,976
15,258
85,033
358,354
447,722
1,079,254
(*d)
ae!41,861
176.256
625,407
801,623
951,667
239,683
51,375
*76,321
120.590
194,888
68,025
269.931
7,326,192
265,478
3.128,035
t60,000
227,075
'"85,95i
f261.5oO
103.814
179,214
3(8,244
95,231
144,818
341,579
ea!25.4l8
122,652
130,280
449,928
51,618
23,455
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
119,876
290.819
3,827,704
2,194.845
5,500,000
imooo
520,125
"987,5i2
330,995
705,166
511.259
913,000
129,728
1,804,360
1,330,219
0513,674
923,500
234,199
2,839,751
328,803
71,723
New Jersey
81.39
43.72
t36.60
t48.00
t6111.62
31.98
48.19
38.11
t34.08
tulO.40
t&69.00
26.67
South Atlantic Division-
Delaware i
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia*
North Carolina*
25.38
25.18
21.40
21.29
1,003,165
845.596
2.72.VH69
*628,340
4,216,750
3,133.789
61.373,000
1,636,055
1,025.0(10
7,289,184
1,845,375
482,972
South Carolina
Florida
103
115
*90.2
74
105.4
106
92.8
67
*84.3
*37.81
44.03
to31.88
(6)
31.70
33.58
56.71
37.50
30.50
*32.48
37.18
to2li.l8
&?
29.98
46.48
32.50
27.00
South Central Division-
Kentucky*
Tennessee
Alabama
Texas*
Arkansas
Oklahoma
North Central Division-
Ohio
164
6142.5
157.9
161
160.5
*155.6
162
141
107.5
t!38.4
129
126.2
*149.2
190
*159.7
92 2
35.00
*48.25
59.64
47.79
67.90
45.50
37.01
42.50
40.29
"'42J57
39.26
68.58
58.04
*67.07
29.00
*40.25
50.69
34.95
35.50
34.78
31.45
49.50
34.84
"36.'i4
34.29
52.01
45.89
*53.74
40.043,312
618,867,494
45143,755
17.977,477
11,648,000
15.350,000
16.355.84->
16,718,410
1,926,420
2,929,744
8,822,340
^,395,231
1,663,245
428,706
4,093,304
*264,430
450,000
2,524,989
461,665
698,606
4,837,413
2,988,312
17,196.996
1,761,035
*1,70S,008
1,000.000
*t589.186
600.000
610,744
10.307,464
*3.911,440
13,820,529
*4.804.633
3,914,335
3,125.984
7,421,465
5,438.374
620,903
1,181.037
1,989,572
3,336,076
732,447
189,144
*1, 993.384
133,089
203,689
545,460
75,232
161,937
828.191
997,<J40
2.517,828
759,402
1.017,308
1,238,954
*t758.449
656.5T.O
1.425,782
1,134.088
696.610
241,772
144,428
1,160.509
476,665
45,446
28.475
495.734
20,051
4,807
62.697
117,878
163,201
115,695
247,225
*f 340.571
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
691,117
154,964
'"157,862
North Dakota*
South Dakota*
Nebraska
Kansas
Western Division-
Montana
Wyoming *
Colorado
(*)
New Mexico
Arizona . . .
127
152
154
88
89.2
tios>
172.6
72.90
59.44
98.00
61.00
44.56
45.16
680.19
66.26
42.43
61.00
41.00
38.14
' 37.42
665.42
7,000
317,099
*10,324
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
California
*2,764.868
*ln 1895-%. tApproximately. tin 1891-92. In 1889-90. J State appropriation for colored
schools, aln 1894-95. bin 1893-94. clncludes money appropriated from federal treasury.
dNot reported. cReport incomplete.
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 59
EXPENDITURES FOR SITES, BUILDINGS AND FURNITURE, FOR TEACHERS' SAL-
ARIES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 1896-97.
STATE OK TERRITORY.
Expended
for sites,
buildings,
furniture,
etc.
Expended
for teachers'
salaries.
Other
expendi-
tures.
Total expen-
ditures, ex-
cluding
payment of
bonds.
Expended
per
capita of
popula-
tion.
Expended
per
pupil of
average
attend-
ance.
United States
$31,903,245
$119,303,542
$36,113,815
$187,320,602
$2.62
$18.56
North Atlantic Division .
South Atlantic Division .
South Central Division..
North Central Division . .
Western Division
17,506,822
1,107,177
1.176,077
10,367,300
1,745,869
39,655,897
8.8511.070
10.917.205
50,828.351
9,043,019
15,051,939
1,655,986
1,040,013
15,498,968
2.866.909
72,214,658
11,622.233
13.133,295
76,694,619
13,655,797
3.62
1.19
1.02
3.08
3.49
28.56
9.12
7.14
19.52
26.40
North Atlantic Div.
259,966
80,583
*264,593
2,728,197
550,977
555.819
8,398.676
979.371
3,688,640
823,795
326,899
187,410
171.019
**223,071
53,172
48,814
ttl9,030
58,967
416,357
182,636
tf-18,230
37,314
72,825
256,346
135,134
58,235
1,164,328
651,647
631991
t7.032,812
J933,680
1,837,518
14.160,060
3,194,049
10,049,812
225,000
1,932,512
743,298
1,459,959
**1,112.;>I3
705,416
699.180
1.534.020
547,172
2,372,214
1,34-2.870
618.668
1,108,013
780,472
3,404,054
1,090,511
200,403
169.570
30S.079
16,412
2,629.629
247,078
566,488
4,131.121
1,103,827
5,879,735
26,205
35,291
180,590
222,561
**458,0t5
58,974
54,074
212,922
107,304
131,474
165,244
1126,461
127,173
136,018
336,378
51,289
65,981
1,593,864
1,040.309
912,996
12,390,638
1,731,735
2,959.825
26,689.857
5,277.247
19,618,187
275,000
2,594,702
1.111,298
1,853,539
*l,7ii:;.t;r.i
817,562
697,068
1,765,972
713,443
2,919,045
1,690,750
663,359
l,272.f)00
V89.810
3,996,778
1,276,934
324,619
2.43
2.61
2.74
4.71
J4.38
3.52
3.90
2.98
3.23
tl.63
2.20
4.00
1.09
**2.11
.46
.55
.88
1.43
1.47
.90
.39
.89
.79
1.34
.99
1.16
16.50
21.80
18.09
37.00
35.18
29.28
32.54
27.52
23.44
13.99
19.42
33.36
8.69
12.72
3.53
**3.82
7.16
10.27
10.18
6.00
3.58
6.28
7.97
9.08
6.53
8.24
New York
South Atlantic Div.
District of Columbia. . .
West Virginia
Georgia
Florida
South Central Division
Tennessee**
Alabama tt
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Indian Territory
North Central Division
Ohio
1,176,770
ti.ooo.ooo
2,912,852
853.476
711,933
762,477
707,324
1,260,354
182,353
144,728
455,645
199,388
213.919
29,118
343,500
7.699
12,747
174,446
34,875
86,165
140,079
173,845
529,476
8,430,875
5.004,790
10,377,443
4,044.352
3,451,986
3,406,580
5,264.354
4,305.904
586,774
829,083
2.390,018
2,736,192
438,133
* 153,269
1,319,921
124.015
155,991
514,573
167,171
197,283
769,150
784,968
4,418.545
2,966,745
^59,878
3,045,255
1,480,879
911,496
984,133
1,918,752
1.147,634
356.766
306,852
575,584
844,994
140,046
28,948
720,762
24,241
37,114
216.694
(55)
**44,801
516,280
238,2116
899.727
12,574,390
6,964,668
16,335,550
6,378,707
5,075,415
5,163,190
7;890,430
6,713.892
1,125.893
1,280,663
3,421,247
3,780,574
792,098
211,335
2,384,183
155.955
205.S>2
905,713
202,046
328.249
1,425,509
1,197.10!)
5.847.748
3.28
3.10
3.56
2.84
2.45
3.03
3.76
2.21
8.71
8.74
3.02
2.85
3.45
2.12
4.38
.89
2.55
3.47
4.86
2.38
2.97
3.16
3.99
20.70
17.30
28.16
18.37
18.53
21.88
22.69
13.69
29.26
23.45
19.96
14.89
37.37
27.45
38.19
8.06
19.71
18.75
48.76
14.49
22.55
19.40
30.96
Indiana
Illinois
Minnesota
Iowa
South Dakota**
Nebraska
Kansas
Western Division
Wyomi ig**
Colorado**
New Mexico
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington**
Oregon**
California
Includes expenditure for books, janitors and transportation of pupils, t Approximately.
t Includes some expenditure for evening schools. } In 1889-90. II Includes city of Wilmington
only. "In 1895-96. tt Report incomplete, tt In 1894-95. $ Not reported separately.
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
GROWTH OF THE COMMON SCHOOLS.
TEAK.
Total
populat'n.
Pupils
enrolled.
Per cent
of
popula-
tion
enrolled.
Average
daily
attend-
ance.
TEACHERS.
Days
in
school
term.
Males.
Fe-
males.
1870-71 . . .
39,500,500
*43 700.554
50,155,783
56,221.868
62.622.250
*<>3.898.270
64,934.251
66,289.130
68,064.250
*68,748.950
70.595.321
71,374,142
7,561,582
8,785,678
9,867.505
11,398,024
12.722.581
13.050.132
13,255,921
13,483.340
13,995.357
14,201.752
14,379,078
14,652,492
19.14
20.10
19.67
20.27
20.32
20.42
20.41
20.34
20.56
20.65
20.37
20.53
4,545,317
5.248.114
6,144.143
7.297,529
8.153,635
8,408.323
8.560.603
8,837.199
9.263.350
9,387 .507
9,747.015
10,089,620
90,293
108,791
122.795
121,762
125.525
123,9)0
121.573
122.472
125.402
128,376
1 30.366
131,386
129,932
149.074
163,798
204.154
238,397
245,028
2:>2.tUi
JMI.'.'7S
263.547
267.951
W.'.'.'.V.)
271.947
132.1
130.4
130.3
130.7
134.7
135.7
136.9
136.3
139.5
141.4
140.5
140.4
1874-75
1879-80
1884-85
1889-90
1890-91
1891-92
1892-93
1893-94
1894-95 1
1895-961
1896-97
YEAR.
Value of
school
property.
Paid for
teachers'
salaries.
Total
expendi-
tures.
Expended
per
capita,
0/ ,
popula-
tion.
Expended
per
pupil.
1870-71 ..
1874-75 . .
1879-80 . .
18S4-85 . .
1SS9-90 . .
1890-91 . .
1891-92..
1892-93 . .
1893-94 . .
1894-95t .
WV-W+ .
1S96-97...
132.119
157.364
178.222
205.315
224.526
225.951
22S.S53
234.013
238.423
237.416
240.96S
$143,818.703
192,013.666
209,571.718
263.668,536
342.531.791
359.768.365
383,167,799
399,161,620
428.238.256
439.071.6SO
455.948,164
469.069.0SO
J42.580.S53
54,722.250
55,942.972
72,878,993
91.836.484
96.303.069
100,298,256
104.560,339
109.202.405
113,664.874
116.W7.778
119.303.542
$69,107.612
83.504.007
78.094.687
110,328.375
140,506.715
147.494.809
155,817,012
164.171,057
172.502.843
178,215.556
184,453,780
187,320,602
$1.75
1.91
1.56
1.96
2.24
2.31
2.40
2.48
2.53
2.59
2.61
2.62
$15.20
15.91
12.71
15.12
17.23
17.54
18.20
18.58
18.62
18.98
18.92
18.57
'Estimated. tThe figures for 1894-95 and 1895-96 are subject to correction.
COMMON-SCHOOL STATISTICS OF THE SOUTHERN STATES CLASSIFIED BY
RACE 1896-97.
STATE.
ESTIMATED No.
OF PERSONS
5 TO 18 YEARS
OP AGE.
PUPILS EN-
ROLLED
IN THE
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
AVERAGE DAILY
ATTENDANCE.
NUMBER OP
TEACHERS.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
Alabama
334.700
331.700
39,850
45,440
92,240
369,000
557.400
206.500
268,000
212.700
890.300
389.700
176,700
480,300
800,500
340,100
274,300
286.900
128,500
8.980-
25,000
73,060
346,300
95.400
220,000
77.200
309.800
54,200
233,700
296,500
162,000
245.500
242.000
11,300
198.605
234.078
28.316
27,797
65,913
266.991
337.618
103,868
186.416
162,830
641,237
244.376
119.027
386.483
481.419
244.583
208,435
120,921
82,192
4,858
15.198
39.502
179,180
62,508
66.079
43,531
187,785
31,915
126.544
139,156
95,102
135,149
123,234
7,230
t!30,230
144.532
119,746
21,783
43.623
156.504
247.203
75.384
111.208
99,048
468.611
155.899
82.627
272.963
349.913
145.218
136,614
t82.770
50.977
t2,947
11.530
25,854
90.1V9
39.658
48.739
22.419
103.635
21.820
75,826
99,932
65.213
90.336
68.203
4,467
4,725
5,617
734
715
2,016
6.014
8,727
2.630
4,062
4.591
14,176
5.129
2.928
7.257
10.470
6.448
6,219
2.398
1,564
106
356
642
3,247
1.432
1,052
774
3.264
762
2.756
2.015
1.878
2,747
2,127
235
Delaware (1891-92)...
District of Columbia.
Florida
Kentucky (1895-96)...
Mississippi (1894-95)..
N. Carolina (1895-96) .
South Carolina
Tennessee (1895-96)..
Texas (1895-96)
W.Virginia (1895-96).
Total
5.809,430
5.132.948
2,816.340
'2.510.847
3.937,992
3.402.420
1.J60.081
1.296.959
2.661,106
2.166.249
904,505
813.710
92.458
78.903
27,435
24.072
Total (1889-90)....
United States census. tApproximately.
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 61
INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS AND IN PRIVATE
HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES 1896-97.
STATE OR TERRI-
TORY.
PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS.
PRIVATE SECONDARY
SCHOOLS.
Number.
Secondary
teachers.
Secondary
students.
Number.
Secondary
teachers.
Secondary
students.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
United States
North Atlantic Div... .
South Atlantic Div. . .
South Central Div
North Central Div
WesternDiv
5.109
7.658
9.151
173,445
235,988
2,100
4,162
5,412
53,218
54,415
1.227
355
530
2,784
:.'!:;
1,960
437
717
4,117
427
3,194
533
660
4.342
422
5t.553
8,620
12,585
88,407
9,280
71.846
11,901
17,067
122,131
13.043
665
421
488
396
18)
1,804
675
654
780
24<>
2,376
780
803
1,124
329
20,944
9.443
10,2t
10,279
2,284
19,524
8,947
11,591
11,301
3,052
North Atlantic Div.
151
52
50
225
14
64
344
76
251
14
41
4
64
25
12
67
100
28
53
97
52
81
18
181
43
3
2
584
345
327
285
184
KB
325
189
21
29
219
174
14
2
41
7
2
)
6
7
34
12
86
162
58
46
456
63
105
495
117
458
15
57
44
69
32
15
71
98
36
83
122
59
90
32
260
61
4
6
832
5K9
590
397
260
172
428
317
21
28
256
247
13
2
107
7
6
14
4
9
51
22
192
158
91
79
801
68
174
1,079
247
494
33
69
55
105
42
13
69
119
28
94
89
67
81
51
228
45
4
1
743
359
629
585
337
288
578
320
30
38
226
209
29
6
89
3
2
11
4
42
26
198
3.642
1,499
1.167
13,939
1,26H
2.699
17,866
3,427
9,048
485
1,690
924
1,418
510
179
1,068
1.814
532
1,625
2,061
1.106
1,411
423
4,637
1,127
85
110
16,408
9,447
12,545
10,952
6,830
4.500
10.2ti8
6,790
372
603
4.985
4,707
404
103
1,884
75
59
261
147
108
1,068
632
4,539
4.535
1,959
1,585
17,421
I,6i3
3.427
21,091
5,189
14,996
766
1,737
1.489
2,060,
789
293
1,235
2,838
704
2.174
2,744
1.441
1,740
1,002
6.468
1,353
145
35
28
26
97
11
58
204
69
137
3
43
19
85
15
132
32
85
T
91
113
76
59
31
80
27
3
8
58
26
61
19
26
30
45
88
3
7
15
18
4
1
7
3
2
13
60
98
50
253
47
106
MB
202
358
10
86
50
165
27
185
51
99
2
121
163
90
66
26
142
33
3
10
125
48
103
27
88
66
90
161
6
12
21
33
1
11
4
3
48
86
57
77
396
63
168
861
206
462
6
144
88
148
29
146
56
145
18
154
133
95
115
86
169
31
9
11
174
84
200
90
75
93
98
196
9
19
41
45
8
1
22
4
8
25
1,429
1.233
1,058
2,651
415
1.178
5,588
2,420
4,972
121
825
354
1,916
396
2,981
748
2,065
37
1,773
2,545
1,512
1,180
401
2,150
501
44
162
1.280
650
1.390
395
1,069
830
1,558
2,331
28
97
225
426
19
18
91
46
25
555
1,589
724
1,050
2.808
372
1,506
5,935
1,328
4,212
89
1,193
520
1,508
347
2,345
656
2,109
180
1,77T
2,364
1.653
1,667
641
2,764
500
64
165
1.565
1,071
1,907
691
490
764
1,353
2,4115
50
128
305
542
80
12
206
15
180
584
New Hampshire
South Atlantic Div.
Dist. of Columbia. . .
North Carolina
South Carolina
Florida
South Central Div.
Oklahoma
Indian Territory
North Central Div.
Ohio
21,550
11,897
19,364
14,793
8.757
6,050
14,358
10,030
537
817
7,126
6,852
539
117
2,751
131
68
389
228
184
1,493
889
6,254
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
North Dakota
Western Div.
Utah
7
13
18
62
10
21
37
112
5
36
39
181
99
251
300
880
61
320
363
1,231
62 CHICAGO
DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS IN COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES FOR WOMEN
WHICH CONFEH DEGREES-1896-9T.
STATE OB TERRITORY.
No. of institutions.
PROFESSORS
AND
INSTRUCTORS
FEMALE STUDENTS.
i
,S
I
If
P
A
gf
Gradu-
ate.
Total
income.
United States
157
695
1.823
4,700
14,390
452
$3,135,842
24
49
54
28
2
282
202
132
72
7
447
492
518
321
45
1,151
1,032
1,461
1,007
49
4,120
4,671
3,914
1,653
32
208
102
112
28
2
1.366,936
663,861
559,580
458,110
87,405
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
North Central Division
North Atlantic Division-
2
1
5
5
2
9
5
15
1
8
8
12
11
13
10
13
3
3
1
6
4
1
1
13
2
2
7
5
133
59
25
53
32
64
1
21
35
49
24
45
17
31
7
7
1
8
6
167
124
16
127
63
140
3
76
68
142
110
157
85
115
20
23
8
95
10
48
15
7
123
23
45
75
150
2t>
520
31
349
65
275
16
266
323
241
421
139
445
ior
83
25
207
70
182
149
13
317
69
49
33
30
2,379
949
24
705
450
875
14
694
1,040
1,598
868
1,046
769
809
141
221
60
809
10
241
22
23
971
77
32
3
16,500
2U.OUO
G20.8G6
432,142
16,560
2(50,868
126,900
165,815
3.000
101.89tl
88,71X1
-177,550
106,800
156,800
93.400
130,471
18.000
43,559
10,500
98,660
11,010
102,644
32,586
6,400
178.620
28,200
87,405
New Hampshire
79
72
New York
54
8
22
South Atlantic Division-
West V irginia
North Carolina
5
25
42
. 8
61
10
26
South Central Division
7
North Central Division-
Ohio
4
Illinois
12
6
Wisconsin
47
5
7
16
2
2
Kansas
Western Division-
California
SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATION 1896-97.
Number
of
institu-
tions.
Number of
instruct-
on.
Number of
pupils.
Volumes Value of
in scientific gro f s
libraries, apparatus ^gStngi,
Business schools
341
88
54
22
19
86
18
10.
1,764
485
877
60
83
387
190
58
77,746
21,243
9,391
506
532
3,630
8,177
357
Reform schools
$16,319,017
11,373,873
Schools for defective classes-
State schools for the deaf .. .
Public day schools for deaf.
Private schools for the deaf
State schools for the blind. .
Public institutions for the
90,184 $21,394
95,879 13.300
6,183,538
4,631,917
Private institutions for the
feeble-minded
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 63
INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS IN CO-EDUCATIONAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSI-
TIES AND IN COLLEGES FOR MEN ONLV 1896-97.
STATE OB TERRITORY.
s
1
c.g
5~
PROFESS'RS
AND IN-
STRUCTORS.
STUDENTS.
Total
income.
Preparatory.
Collegiate.
Graduate.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
United States ....
472
7,484
1,490
30,306
14.237
52.439
15,652
3,316
884
$18.972,414
North Atlantic Division.
South Atlantic Division..
South Central Division..
North Central Division..
78
72
87
1!4
41
2.300
910
823
2,877
574
129
150
279
783
149
5.444
3.210
5.048
14,002
2.602
672
1503
2882
7613
1.567
19,062
5,681
6,474
I7,ase
3,336
2.155
84^
2.264
8.687
1,704
1.486
364
83
1,224
159
150
11
91
522
110
7,561,714
1.583,508
1,523,771!
6.980.833
1,322,583
North Atlantic Division-
3
1
2
9
1
3
23
4
32
1
10
6
10
3
16
9
11
6
13
24
9
6
9
15
9
1
2
35
It
31
11
9
9
23
25
3
5
11
18
3
4
45
33
41
382
76
194
810
139
580
13
17ti
253
117
36
125
67
74
49
136
235
79
42
101
157
60
8
5
540
217
632
178
186
184
227
301
21
38
137
216
14
11
85
2
5?6
183
112,456
88.000
91.302
1,660.218
170.000
855.176
2,488.970
510.394
1,585,198
39.200
333,253
383.955
267,980
71.412
176.654
100.150
137,919
72,985
199.867
473,833
130,155
74.263
247.371
253.0r9
109.80S
27.300
8,100
988,151
IHti.ll'.ll
2.407.388
576.995
528.131
396.868
390.59!)
610.7o3
46,700
44,177
258.315
246,065
36,050
45.873
152,881
469
277
3,t6S
671
2.098
4.930
1.195
5,328
13
756
MB
1.039
301
1,333
653
940
144
1,087
1.818
760
538
6!)1
1.153
408
8
11
3.294
IMS
3.J49
1,601
1.248
1,573
1.544
1,<>35
64
1(12
775
I,0o2
39
41
245
6
97
352
127
61
564
2
400
.34
209
616
133
2
20
18
30
55
8
471
2U
63
4
62
3,29)
177
1,51)6
2J6
35
407
768
186
1
25
South Atlantic Division-
14
9
5
8
39
11
3ti
28
45
76
13
8
29
64
33
2
9
127
30
139
63
31
32
109
118
6
22
44
62
12
3
21
537
406
124
157
683
458
617
228
944
1,441
MS
238
306
972
561
88
55
2,744
IN
2,446
798
581
421
1.391
8.132
188
249
745
1.313
124
14
348
55
3)
93
5
446
258
422
194
570
841
302
132
128
424
345
70
70
1,266
313
1.294
445
156
159
1087
1.022
159
26S
496
948
140
18
237
84
109
68
128
167
40
141
105
299
692
144
67
244
4%
304
4
. 14
1,608
723
1.470
864
482
676
967
633
33
75
573
583
38
33
163
210
82
38
1
13
6
11
2
11
47
..,.
"4"
"2
2
6
"T
76
6
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
Georgia
Florida
South Central Division-
Tennessee
Alabama
1 '
7
7
10
Texas
Arkansas
Oklahoma
North Central Division-
Ohio,
125
84
570
52
76
130
68
14
60
31
228
42
17
39
28
9
Indiana
Illinois
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
1
70
34
43
21
Western Division-
Montana
3
17
3
13
New Mexico
1
2
1
1
8
8
12
11
33
14
17
6!)
52
2.8
8
3
4
6
25
23
49
64
251
69
117
303
476
836
68
K.I
44
72
IttO
3-r>
294
27
78
93
39
360
202
2,212
8
84
50
21
163
128
1,016
49.116
82.555
58.017
43.840
128,033
82.697
643.521
Utah
1
Nevada
Idaho
2
6
2
130
2
6
5
80
California
64 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
INCOME OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES FOR MEN ANT) FOR BOTH SEXES-
1896-97.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Tuition
fees.
Total in-
come.
From
produc-
tive
funds.
State or
munici-
pal ap-
propria-
tions.
United
States
govern-
ment
appro-
pri-
ations.
From
other
sources.
Benefac-
tions.
United States
$7,064.016
$18.972,414
$5,414,686
$2,789,965
$831,468
$2,872,279
$7,608,144
North Atlantic Division
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
3,289.021
632,078
600.156
2.3U3.(i34
239,727
T.561,714
1.583.50S
1,523.776
6.SSO.S33
1,322,583
2,733,921
425.012
437.254
1,430.306
388,193
565,443
181.815
144.112
1,452.211
446,384
133.000
179.20U
127.464
206.804
185.000
840.329
165.403
214.790
1.588.478
63,279
3,544.132
'585,631
283.410
1.275.217
1.919,754
North Central Division
Western Division
North Atlantic Division-
Maine
51.515
36.000
11.791
763,179
112.456
88.000
91.302
1.660.218
60,941
50.000
33.569
709.178
37,003
58.000
3.366
6iw.s;3
3,000
456.556
1,019.386
2,666
15.542
187.861
8,400
22,000
Rhode Island
100.000
518,658
898.931
160,394
748,553
360
205,153
174,784
94.930
11.204
82.625
21.080
25.673
16,269
61,990
150.094
93.672
22.200
89,684
140.470
35.946
170.000
855.176
2,488.970
510,394
1,585.198
39,200
333.253
383.955
267,980
71.412
176.654
100.150
137.919
72,985
199,867
473,833
130,155
74,263
247.371
253.079
109,808
27.300
8,100
988,151
486.691
2.407,388
576.995
528.131
39H.868
390.599
610.753
46.700
44.177
258.315
246,065
36.050
45,873
152.881
49.116
82.555
58,017
43,840
128.033
82.697
613.521
70,000
284.024
1,036.405
171.000
318,804
4.980
102,500
87.951
89,155
6.708
34,331
27,051
&4.019
18,317
62.708
127.093
29,200
41.603
100.856
57.000
10.996
7,800
52.494
352.935
142.000
87,497
1,260
9.600
24.620
18.895
450
39.698
22.019
25.962
22,899
8.932
139.196
6.933
5.000
14.860
33.109
4,760
New York
163.699
37.000
37,000
37,000
32,600
Pennsylvania
393,344
1,297.948
South Atlantic Division-
16,000
"'65,666
36,050
20.000
30,000
10,265
4,500
32.429
20.450
350
5,460
16.317
22.500
27.106
19.500
64.300
217.843
50,775
District of Columbia
96.600
West Virginia
17.000
161.837
2.021
79.855
9,000
65,135
148.415
20.100
12.000
6.250
27.895
3.125
380
110
216.552
92.555
379,973
128.873
144.687
90.6-22
45,943
31.741
5.000
53.500
19.616
60,155
18,000
"'171,899
22.000
11,000
33,810
37,000
Florida
South Central Division-
Kentucky
25.654
Texas
Arkansas
31,000
6.100
314.875
256.595
661.022
247.890
65.557
103.950
200.996
301,669
3.243
16.497
37.211
93,529
15.850
1.371
55952
2.000
70,127
37,030
1,173.119
32.752
81.261
100.710
21,939
19.462
12.457
5.858
9.031
24,732
3.700
'"7,344
North Central Division -
Ohio
344,152
113,066
415,032
99.353
60.837
71,875
91.664
187.500
1,000
1,822
17.001
27.004
9,000
'"29,585
236.997
80,OOU
121,215
197.000
283.476
82.333
76.000
66,318
30.000
20.000
158.072
100,800
7,500
7.502
60.000
11.996
60.000
15,625
6.000
70.000
30.000
177,761
22,000
I lllnois
37,000
37.000
38,000
Minnesota
35,804
South Dakota .
Nebraska
37,000
Western Division-
Wyoming
37,000
Colorado
120
7,555
37.000
Utah
15,000
5,080
500
4,600
25,042
299,386
2w
1.000
100
53.100
2.280
1.673,175
37.000
37.000
312
340
27.619
24.255
106.665
25,8ii
3.400
22,709
37,000
STATISTICS OP EDUCATION. 65
PROPERTY OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES FOR MEN AND FOR BOTH SEXES
1896-97.
STATE OB TERRITORY.
Num-
ber of
fellow-
ships.
Num-
ber of
schol-
ar-
ships.
LIBRARIES.
Value of
scientific
apparatus
and libra-
ries.
Value of
grounds
and
buildings.
Produc-
tive
funds.
Bound
volumes.
Pam-
phlets.
United States
382
5,463
6,668,046
1,737,981
$16,014,347
$120,142,990
$114,212,392
North Atlantic Division
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
North Central Division
167
32
26
151
6
2,967
508
696
954
338
3,071.196
722.039
485.055
2,0(19.137
320,619
868,992
156.527
131.810
492,070
88.582
7,743,353
1.257.890
1.063.160
4,825.780
1,119,164
49,064,317
13,745,085
10,458,000
37,875.097
9,000,491
59,732,098
a4S6,124
7,677,160 1
31,315,966
7,001,044
North Atlantic Division
224
110,859
75,000
72,590
720.150
90,000
337,000
869.717
168.867
627,013
8.500
171.850
101,800
147,900
17,600
111,850
69,800
74,893
17,846
79,347
161.737
42.400
30,700
70,280
74,941
21.600
3,000
10,800
20.000
12,000
538,525
20,000
7,000
151,919
6,250
102,498
8,300
32,100
49,112
18.600
4,700
22,950
4,550
11,465
4,750
.18,035
72,275
4,550
9,500
12,000
4,550
10,800
200,000
100.000
205,000
1,418,000
540,000
645,255
2,860.250
575,000
1,199,848
46500
323,700
172,500
231,290
101,000
154,800
80,600
120,500
27,000
124.035
382,650
118,100
59,700
169.250
170,575
37,750
5,000
1,100
852,450
351.500
859,900
851,745
348,200
226.630
370,230
428,275
29.000
10,300
203,600
293,950
12.200
50,000
138,978
40,000
67,100
26,178
35.000
41,808
56,400
651,500
850,000
400,000
700,000
7,807,088
1,177,967
6.731,300
17,280.269
2,530,000
11,587,693
88,700
2,119.000
4,427,500
2,151,000
470.000
1,506,500
799.000
1,768,500
414,885
1,238,000
3,313,000
1,062,500
490.000
1,863.000
1,827,500
562,000
65,000
37,000
8,176.688
8.600,000
8,092,602
2,198.757
2,622,000
2.768,100
2,202,000
4,241,000
190.000
394,450
1,587.000
1,802,500
185,000
100.000
1,242,306
85,000
420,000
145,332
125,000
804.000
726,000
5,167,853
1.382,975
1 634 773 '
195
575
100
88
1,310
104
371
776,000"
14.203.444
1.160.000
5,852.26
22.276.i;; !i
3,50U,(XX)
8,945,932
83.000
3,047.000
1,060,552
1,680,682
114,750
777,479
635.700;
866,161
320,800
1,373,047
2,463,800
365,000
690.500 i
1,943,813
885,600
155,500
47
27
56
7
29
Rhode Island
South Atlantic Division-
21
3
C
191
31
90
31
138
10
10
7
121
365
38
9
107
46
District of Columbia
West Virginia
2
South Central Division-
2
18
3
Texas.
3
Indian Territory
10
170
22
270
28
53
1,050
407,488
189,025
536.478
215,118
128,996
94,079
151,284
166,577
8,000
11,131
61.919
99,042
4,400
4,680
64.400
2,600
100
95,975
15.900
118,288
63,750
26.290
21,200
30,200
68,983
5,300
4,200
6,550
35,434
5,700
3,000
10,500
North Central Division-
Ohio
21
1
80
3
13
1
9
5
7,662.166
2,040.711 ;
9,827,796 1
1.692.596!
1,504.743;
1,623.348
1,459.978
3,721,849 :
30.000!
60.000 :
1,256,779 !
436,000
Illinois
M ichigan
Minnesota
136
168
North Dakota
South Dakota
61
30
16
18
Western Division-
32
549,206
Arizona
Utah
.130
18,501)
5,892
3,500
20.480
24,767
171,400
10,600
3.620
9,500
8,920
8,342
28,400
196.427
95,000
6,638
85,1100
350,048
5,718,725
6
57
113
California
6
66 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITU-
TIONS CONFERRING ONLY THE B. S. DEGREE 1896-97.
STATE OB TERRITORY.
s
*
1.
&|
r
PROFESSORS
AND IN-
STRUCTORS.
STUDENTS.
Total
income.
Preparat'y
Collegiate.
Graduate*
Male.
Fe-
male.
MaU
Fe-
male
Male
Fe-
male
Male
Fe-
male
United States
48
1,094
90
2.038
409
8.717
1017
190
77
$3.500,190
North Atlantic Division
South Atlantic Division
South Central Division
North Central Division
Western Division
13
n
5
11
8
377
211
99
290
117
13
1
50
25
244
859
629
42)
483
'"l5"
49
158
187
2.905
1632
893
2600
687
180
12
25
526
274
13
46
30
78
23
'"53"
24
1,308.289
701.655
278.898
819.808
391,540
North Atlantic Division-
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
2
30
21
8
174
19
8
77
40
1
290
65
47
17
19
90,450
52.173
4,500
443.645
99.919
58,%8
483.714
74,920
New Hampshire
2
1
6
4
1
1.470
99
84
437
413
71
46
23
4
11
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
244
Pennsylvania
South Atlantic Division-
1
2
1
2
77
9
45
24
26
6
10
343
2
8.400
342.101
9.684
129,678
District of Columbia
47
Virginia
19
480
31
West Virginia
North Carolina
2
2
1
29
33
14
1
50
200
9
249
363
140
10
7
8
56.526
126.766
28,500
South Carolina
Georgia
40
Florida
South Central Division-
Kentucky
2
31
36
43
306
249
12
2
16
7
61,045
94,721
Mississippi
453
10
Louisiana
Texas
1
22
290
7
82,641
Arkansas
1
10
1
33
39
48
11
40,491
Indian Territory
North Central Division-
Ohio
1
2
1
2
20
78
43
45
240
4
63,000
181,116
loo.uoo
150.049
Indiana
6
17
2
'l"98'
"83'
663
133
463
61
23
43
24
23
11
2
Wisconsin
1
42
13
16
11
432
97
10
3
125,249
2
15
20
1
3
105
45
37
19
28
230
14
78
3
9
45.900
59.574
South Dakota
Nebraska
1
1
27
11
8
5
59
27
8
15
411
10
210
6
17
25
94,920
41,000
Western Division-
Wyoming
Colorado
2
2
32
15
4
3
58
64
28
23
252
45
55
22
9
1
120,000
63,064
Arizona
Utah
1
18
6
240
73
86
36
10
7
64,812
Nevada
1
1
22
19
3
4
94
48
117
177
48
107
56.664
46,000
3
16
California
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION.
67
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL AND ALLIED SCHOOLS-189K-97.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
THEOLOGICAL.
LAW.
MEDICAL.
Schools
In-
struct-
ors.
Stu-
dents.
Schools
In-
struct-
ors.
Stu-
dents.
Schools
In-
struct-
ors.
Stu-
dents.
United States
167
980
365
140
76
358
41
8,173
3.062
957
sir
3,197
140
77
13
17
13
28
6
744
223
115
58
288
60
10,449
3,380
1.567
612
4,268
422
150
IT
21
20
70
12
3,986
799
456
357
2,090
284
24,377
7,365
2,913
3,435
9,613
1,021
North Atlantic Division .
South Atlantic Division .
South Central Division . .
North Central Division . .
Western Division
49
23
18
60
7
North Atlantic Division-
Maine
2
15
90
2
1
1
4
30
13
25
141
167
145
221
1,069
Massachusetts
8
73
540
2
43
871
Rhode Island
Connecticut
3
16
5
15
5
4
4
39
119
31
88
55
22
18
203
948
467
814
403
145
107
1
7
32
121
2U
2,015
1
12
25
349
13S
3,199
New York
Pennsylvania
3
2
5
3
1
2
1
3
1
6
1
1
1
2
1
6
5
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
27
17
61
9
3
6
18
3
27
3
5
5
8
7
56
38
62
47
10
18
15
21
13
8
36
17
481
274
803
209
104
83
14
80
64
190
36
42
85
158
37
528
420
1,229
712
184
3fi5
305
298
77
150
78
70
274
6
7
4
2
216
208
100
47
2,426
1,237
476
421
South Atlantic Division-
Maryland
District of Columbia . . .
Virginia. .
West Virginia
North Carolina
5
|
2
4
8
3
21
12
12
25
36
10
93
51
98
533
207
50
3
1
4
5
9
2
18
10
73
95
161
34
127
90
532
1,232
1,236
170
South Carolina
South Central Division-
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Louisiana
1
2
3
2
8
19
2
27
40
388
409
Texas
Arkansas
North Central Division-
Ohio
13
4
14
3
4
8
4
6
3
1
2
1
4
68
23
106
22
30
45
11
33
17
3
14
3
21
507
165
1.222
121
193
301
174
455
51
8
37
21
82
15
5
14
2
3
6
15
3
2
4
2
6
372
139
619
150
63
97
105
390
96
59
105
88
141
1,82 S
495
2,736
879
189
357
766
2,041
187
165
235
87
699
Indiana ...
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin .
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Nebraska
Western Division-
Colorado
Oregon
California
RELIGIOUS AND DENOMINATIONAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES.
FORM.
Institu
Mont,
Pr ors SS ' students
Endow-
ment
Non-sectarian
114
59
86
51
54
24
17
8
5
23
7
4
3
2
3
7
5
3,247 31,941
711 5,954
845 8,482
713 6,939
459 4,087
442 4.070
152 1,445
54 350
66 449
195 1,650
81 768
65 491
16 159
25 214
31 266
90 692
36 134
$67,559,aW
829,020
10,403.497
13,611.224
5,133,295
8,21.4:i.'.
716,309
105,948
1,733,994
!14,527
1,139.000
2,030,980
4,475
85,000
Roman Catholic
Methodist Episcopal
Baptist
Presbyterian
Congregational
Christian
United Brethren . ...
Protestant Episcopal ... ...
Lutheran
Universal! sts
German Evangelical
Methodist Protestant
Seventh-Day Adventists . .
1,403.344
322.427
All others*
"One Moravian, one Dunkard, one Church of God, one Evangelical Association and one
Mormon.
68
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
GROWTH OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES.
1890-91.
1891-!2.
1893-16.
1893-94.
18M-95.
1895-9*).
1896-97.
THEOLOGICAL
SCHOOLS.
7.328
7,729
7,836
7,fi58
8.050
8,017
8.173
LAW SCHOOLS.
406
507
5S7
621
604
65S
744
5,252
6,073
6.776
7,311
8,950
9.780
10.449
MEDICAL SCHOOLS.*
2,147
2.423
2,49t
3.142
14.934
16,130
17,601
18.660
19,999
21.438
HOM'OPATHIC
290
390
4TS
476
493
688
1.086
1.666
1,8.5
.
2.038
DENTAL
SCHOOLS.
SCHOOLS OF
PHARMACY.
NURSE TRAINING
SCHOOLS.
VETERINARY
SCHOOLS.
1890-91.
1891-92.
1S92-93.
1893-94.
1894-95.
1895-96.
1896-97.
518
696
513
794
968
S54
2,016
2.874
2,852
4,152
5,347
6,399
6,460
194
216
2T4
2S3
317
354
362
2.884
2.799
3.394
3.658
3,859
3,873
3.426
34
M
47
66
131
177
298
255
457
556
1,613
1,862
2,838
2.710
3,985
.-,. if.t
7.263
There were also in 189;ir97 nine eclectic schools, with 213 instructors and 789 students; two
physio-medical schools, with 49 instructors and 112 students; and In post-graduate schools
there were 1.684 students.
PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERATE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Ten years of age and over.)
STATES AND TERRI-
TORIES.
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
North Atlantic Division. .
Delaware ..
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
South Atlantic Division. .
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan ...
Wisconsin...
Minnesota..
Iowa
Missouri
5.2
4.7
2.524.131.8
1.526.323.8
3.225.821.3
2.322.1
.. 2.713.328.4
6.4 3.5 17.823.2
5.9 2.315.621.7
6.216.849.5
5.913.850.1
1.7
30.2 13.9 14.0 10.1 57.2
13.012.9 15.144.4
~.:::.: s.oeo.i
.918.1
39.8 16.3 16.5
3 11.3 10.8 50.6
30.914.514.612.260.1
3.511.125.4
5.3 11.032.2
2.5 12.429.2
2.1 13.436.7
1.4 11.123.3
1.8
STATES AND TERRI-
TORIES.
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
North Central Division... .
South Central Division. . .
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico ..
Arizona
Utah
Nevada ,
6 1 39.2
7.5 ! 53.6
29.715.315.0202,61.2
26.6;16.3 16.6
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
California
Western Division..
Average.
lilt
5.1
.
3.410.632.8
Kentucky 21.6 15.8 16.1
Tennessee J26.6 17.8 18.0
Alabama 41.0 18.2J18.4
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Oklahoma
Arkansas..
9.855.9
7.969.1
40.011.911.910.1 60.9
45.8,20.120.318.7 72.1
19.7 10.8
5.4 3.5
5.2
12.S
5.1
44.541.642.830.580.6
23.421.1
8.329.652.5
3.4
8.7 47 4
9.0 33.4
7.325.7
8.S 82.5
8.2136.3
7.1 16.8
r. 825.0
7.9 42.2,50. 9
2.3110.346.1
.8 10.0 59.7
1.9
8.348.6
7.044.6
10.539.3
8.3| 6.2
13.3 7.7 6.2tl3.156.8
STATISTICS OP EDUCATION. 69
PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERACY IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES.
GROUPS.
COUNTRIES (OR STATES).
Percentage.
!
Category of popu-
lation.
How found.
Sources of infor-
mation.
TEUTONIC NATIONS.
0.11
.16
.02
189B
189(5
!>-%
Male
....do
... do
Army recruits
....do
do
Imperial bureau
of statistics,
Berlin.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
DO.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Hubner's Annu-
al Tables.
Do.
Do.
Schweizerische
Lehrerzeltung.
Statesman's
Year-Book.
Hubner's Annu-
al Tables.
Statesman's
Year-Book.
U. 8. Tables.
Levasseur's Sta-
tistique.
Hubner's Annu-
al Tables.
Army Returns.
Statesman's
Year-Book.
Army Returns.
Hubner's Annu-
al Tables.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Prussia
Saxony
.02
is 1 .*;
do
do....
Wurttemberg
.03
is;*;
do
do.
Ballen
.02
IS'Hi
do
do.
.10
18%
do.. .
do.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
.05
is;*;
....do...,
,...do....
Saxe- Weimar
Mecklenburg-Strelltz
.00
.29
.10
is;*;
1896
18%
....do
....do
do
....do
....do
do
.11
is<;
do.
do.
Saxe-Meiningen
.09
is;*;
....do
do....
Saxe-Altenburjf
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
A filial I
.00
.00
.00
taw
is;*;
i.w>
....do
....do
... do
....do'
....do
....do
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Waldeck
.00
.00
.00
is;*;
is;*;
isqc>
....do
....do
do....
....do
....do
do
Reuss. senior line
.00
is<*;
....do
....do
Reuss, Junior line
.00
is'*;
do
do
HchaumburR-Lippe
.00
.00
189(5
18%
....do
...do....
....do
do
Lnbeck
Bremen
.00
.00
is;*;
is;*;
....do
....do
....do
do
Hamburg
.00
is 1 *;
do
..do
.10
is;*;
do
. ..do
Sweden and Norway
Denmark
.11
.54
1893
1891
....do
....do
....do
do
Finland
1.60
.50
3.57
5.40
5.80
13.03
5.50
13.50
13.80
17.00
28.10
45.00
38.90
79.00
;s.w
70.80
sr, .MI
1892
189o
1893
1894
1893
1890
1895
18!*;
1894
1893
1894
1892
1894
1890
1889
1887
IK 1 *)
Male and female
over 10 years.
Male
MIXED TEUTONIC.
Army recruits . . .
Signing marriage
certificates.
Army recruits . . .
Signing marriage
certificates.
Scotland
Male and female.
Male
England
Male and female
Male and female
over 10 years.
Male ,....
United States..
ROMANIC, TEUTONIC, MAG-
YARIC MIXTURE.
France
Army recruits . . .
....do
....do
Signing marriage
certificates.
Army recruits . . .
Census
Belgium
A ustria.
Ireland
....do
....do
Male and female.
Male
Hungary
Male and female.
Male
Male and female.
Male
Italy
Army recruits . . .
do
SLAVIC NATIONS.
Russia
Servia
....do
....do
Army recruits . . .
do
Roumanla 89.0J
1892
....do
....do
70 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
COMPULSORY SCHOOL LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Twenty-nine states and two territories have passed compulsory school laws defining the
ages to which the law shall apply, the annual term of school attendance, and the penalty im-
posed upon parents or guardians for violation of the law.
(Prepared by the United States bureau of education.)
STATE.
Age.
Annual period.
Penalty on parents or guardians.
8-15
6-16
8-15
8-U'or 15
7-15
*8-14 or 15
8-14
t?-12
*8-13
16-15
8-14
7-14
*8-14
8-14
7-14
8-14
7-13
8-16
8-14
8-14
8-14
8-14
8-14
16-21
8-14
8-16
8-14
J8-14
8-14
8-15
8-14
8-14
16 weeks (2 terms of 8
weeks each, if practica-
ble).
12 weeks
Fine, $25 (maximum).
Each offense, $10 (maximum).
Fine, $10 to $50.
Each offense, forfeit not exceed-
ing $20.
Each offense, fine $20 (maximum).
For each week's neglect, fine $5
(maximum).
First offense, fine $5 (maximum);
each subsequent offense, $50
(maximum) or imprisonment 30
days.
Each offense, $10 to $25 or imprison-
ment 1 to 3 months.
First offense, $2 (maximum); each
subsequent offense, $5 (maxi-
mum).
Fine, $20 (maximum).
Fine, not exceeding $5.
Fine, $5 to $20 (first offense) ; $10 to
$50 each subsequent offense.
Fine, $5 to $20.
$10 to $50; also, if court so orders,
imprisonment 2 to 90 days.
Fine, $3 to $20.
First offense, $5 to $10; each subse-
quent offense, $10 (minimum).
Fine, $3 to $20.
First offense, $10 to $25; each subse-
quent offense, $25 to $50.
First offense, $5 to $20; each subse-
quent offense, $10 to $50.
Fine. $10 to $20.
Each offense, $10 to $50.
First offense, fine $5 to $10: each
subsequent offense. $10 to $20.
Each offense, $5 to $20 or 30 days'
imprisonment.
Each offense, $25 (maximum).
Each offense, $5 to $25.
Fine,$l to $25, or imprisonment for
not more than 10 days.
Firstoffense, $10 (maximum); each
subsequent offense. $30.
First offense, $50 to $100; each sub-
sequent offense, $100 to $200.
First, $5 to $20: subsequent of-
fenses, $10 to $50.
Fine, $10 to $25.
First offense, $5 to $25; subsequent '
offense, $25 to $50.
First offense, $20; each subsequent
offense, $20 to $50.
New Hampshire
20 weeks
Rhode Wand
12 weeks; 6 consecutive. . .
8 to 13 years of age, 24
weeks; 13 to 14, 12 weeks.
8 to 12 years of age and un-
employed youths 14 to
16, full term; for chil-
dren 12 to 14, at least 80
days consecutive.
20 weeks; 8 consecutive. . .
10% of the entire term.
12 weeks; 6 consecutive ...
16 weeks
New York
New Jersey
District of Columbia..
West Virginia
Kentucky
Ohio
8 consecutive weeks
20 weeks, city district; 16
weeks.village and town-
ship districts.
12 consecutive weeks
16 weeks; 8 consecutive . . .
16 weeks; 6 consecutive ..
12 weeks
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
12 weeks; 6 consecutive . . .
do
North Dakota ..
South Dakota
do
Nebraska..
12 weeks; 6 consecutive . . .
do
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
12 weeks; 8 consecutive ...
12 weeks
16 weeks; 10 consecutive..
16 weeks; 8 consecutive ...
do
New Mexico
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington
12 weeks
Oregon
12 weeks; 8 consecutive .'. .
Two-thirds of school term ;
12 weeks consecutive
California ..'.
*To 16 if unemployed in labor.
tThe law applies to youths 12 to 16 years of age if discharged from employment in order to
receive instruction.
JLaw not enforced.
In cities, 7 to 16.
[[Penalty imposed only for children 7 to 16.
POPULATION OF EUROPE.
71
COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
Age.
Attendance required.
Penalty.
Bavaria ..
Belgium ,
France..,
Until scholnr has acquired
Rrescribed subjects, re-
gion and reading, writ-
ing and arithmetic.
do
England .
Scotland.
Holland..
Hungary.
Italy....
Norway .
Prussia .
6-13
5-13
5-13
No compulsory law.
For 4 absences of half a
day in a month the par-
efor
ent is summoned b
local school committee.
Full school term unless Det
by special arrangement,
Fine $3.50 (maximum) or imprison'
ment up to 2 days.
Fine $11 (maximum) or 8 days' im-
prisonment.
First and second offenses, warn-
ing; subsequent, fine. $3 (maxi-
mum) and imprisonment 5 days.
Saxony
Sweden
Berne
Geneva
Neufchatel
Tessin (Switzerland).
Vaud (Switzerland)..
Grisons (Switzerland)
Zurich
Wurttemberg
British Columbia.
Cape Colony
New Zealand
H>-12
6-9
$8
6-14
57-15
7-H
6-15
6-15
7-16
6-14
7-16
7-15
6-16
6-14
7-12
No compulsory law.
8 months, country; 10 K
months, town.
No fixed rule
12 weeks per annum
8 years, or until element-
ary education is com-
pleted.
Same as Austria
34% weeks.
Five-sixths of possible at-
tendances.
4 days a week, 6 hours a
day.
After 13 years of age, 10 Fi
hours a week.
28 hours a week for 6 to 9 E
months.
33 hours a week.
.ermined by local by-laws.
Fine $5 or Imprisonment 14 days.
fine from 35 cents to $1.50.
Each offense, 10 cents to $2.
Vines.
Each offense, 70 cents (maximum)
or imprisonment up to 3 days.
Fine $1.50 to $7, or imprisonment
from 1 day to 6 weeks.
Fines and imprisonment.
Do.
ne 38 cents (minimum) or im-
prisonment 30 days (maximum),
acb offense 2 to 3 cents, and 4
hours' imprisonment.
Every day; penalties for
10 absences.
Every school day
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Queensland
7-12
7-13
8-13
No compulsory law.
One-half the period dur-
ing which the school Is
open.
80 days a year
100 days a year
South Australia . .
Tasmania
7-13
7-13
13 weeks a year
No compulsory law.
60 days In each half-year,
but law not yet enforced.
35 school days a quarter.
3 days a week
Fines or imprisonment.
Warnings; subsequently fines, 60
cents to $3.
Fine or imprisonment.
Do.
Fine $10 (maximum).
Fine $2.
$1 per month for each of the chil-
dren not attending a school.
Fine.
Fine $5 to $25, or imprisonment 7 to
30 days.
Fine $1.25 to $5.
13 to 16 in secular Sunday schools. t!2 to 15 continuation. tFrom 8 until confirmation ; in
town from 7 until confirmation. JSpeclal dispensation after 7 years' attendance and 1 year's
prolongation for Ignorance.
POPULATION OF EUROPE.
According to figures given by La Revue
Francaise de 1'Etranger, the total popula-
tion of Europe, by calculations made on the
latest census, is 380,000,000, which is a gain
of 37,000,000 over that computed January,
1888. Here Is a table showing the figures
given in the Revue:
European Russia and Finland 106,200,000
Germany 52, 300,000
Austria-Hungary 43,500,000
United Kingdom 39,800,000
France 38,rOO,0
I taly 31,300,000
Spain 18,000.003
Helgium 6,500, 000
Turkey in Europe 5,800,000
Houmania 5.600.000
Portugal 5,000,000
Sweden 5,000.000
Holland 4,000,000
Bulgaria 3, 000,000
Switzerland 3,000,000
Greece 2,400,000
Denmark 2,300,000
Servla 2,300,000
Norway 2,000,000
The density of the population according
to each square kilometer (about .386 square
mile) is thus reckoned: In Belgium, 220;
Italy, 169; Holland. 149; England, 126; Ger-
many, 97; Switzerland, 73; France, 72: Aus-
tria, 69; Spain, 36; Russia, 20. While the
annual Increase of the population of Russia
has been 1.45 for every 100 In the last ten
years, that of Germany has been 1.15, of
Austria-Hungary .96, of England .35, of
Italy .45, of France .08. At this rate of
augmentation in 100 years Russia would
have 228,000.000 inhabitants, Germany 106,-
000,000, Austria 79,000,000, England 65,000,000,
Italy 44,000,000 and France only 40,000,000.
72
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOE 1899.
QUALIFICATIONS TOR SUFFRAGE.
REQUIREMENTS
AS TO CITIZENSHIP IN THE
VARIOUS STATES.
ALABAMA Citizens, or alien
who has declared his Intention;
must exhibit poll-tax receipt.
ARKANSAS Like Alabama
CALIFORNIA-Citizens by nativ-
ity; naturalized for 90 days or
treaty of Queretaro.
COLORADO-Citizens, male or fe-
male, or alien who has declared
his intention 4 months before
offering to vote.
CONNECTICUT - Citizens who 1 y
can read.
DELAWARE Citizens paying $1 1 y
registration fee.
FLORIDA Citizens of Unitedly.
States.
GEORGIA Citizens who have ly
paid all taxes since 1877.
IDAHO Citizens, male or female.
ILLINOIS Citizens of United 1 y
States
INDIANA Citizens, or alien who 6 m
has declared intention and re-
sided 1 year in U. S.
IOWA Citizens of United States.
KANSAS Citizens; aliens who 6m
have declared intention; women
vote at municipal and school
elections.
KENTUCKY Citizens of United
States.
LOUISIANA - Citizens, or alien
who has declared intention.
MAINE Citizens of the Uni
States.
MARYLAND Citizens of United
States.
MASSACHUSETTS-Cittzens who
can read and write English.
MICHIGAN - Citizens, or alien
who declared intention prior to
May 8, 1892.
MINNESOTA-Citizens and aliens
who have declared intention;
civilized Indians; women can
vote at. school elections.
MISSISSIPPI Citizens who can
read or understand the constitu
tion.
MISSOURI Citizens, or alien who
has declared his intention not
less than 1 nor more than 5 years
before offering to vote.
MONTANA-Citizens of U. 8
NEBRASKA Citizens, or alien
who has declared his intention
30 days before election.
PREVIOUS
RESIDENCE
REQUIRED.
JOd
90d90d
2y
ly
d3m
WdSOdSOdYes.
JOdfiOdSOdN
40 d
30 d : d Yes
Od
Yes.
15dNo
(a)
10 d Yes
60dlOd
30d30ddOd
6m6m
ly
tiOdGOd
10.
30 d Yes.
10 d 10 d Yes
Yes.
Yes
Yes
Yes,
Yes
Xo.
(c)
30 d Yes
Yes
(0
^f convicted of treason, embezzle-
nentof public funds, malfeasance
n office or other penitentiary of-
'enses, idiots or insane.
Idiots, insane, convicts until par-
doned.
Chinese, insane, embezz! '-rsof pub-
ic moneys, convicts.
Persons under guardianship, in-
sane, idiots, prisoners.
No.
Yes. Yes
Yes
Excluded from
voUng.
Convicted of felony or other infa-
mous crime.
Insane, idiots, felons, paupers.
Persons not registered, insane or
under guardian, felons, convicts.
Persons convicted of crimes pun-
sbable by imprisonment, insane,
delinquent taxpayers.
Chinese, Indians, insane, felons,
polygamists, bigamists, traitors,
jribers.
lonvicts of penitentiary until par-
doned.
1'onvicts and persons disqualified
by judgment of a court.
[diets, insane, convicts.
Insane, persons under guardian-
ship, convicts, bribers, defrauders
of the government and persons
who have borne arms against the
United States.
Treason, felony, bribery, idiots,
insane.
Idiots, insane, all crimes punish-
able by imprisonment, embezzling
ublic funds.
aupers, persons under guardian-
ship, Indians not taxed, persons
who cannot read and write.
Yes. Persons convicted of larceny or
other infamous crime, persons un-
der guardianship, insane, idiots.
Yes. Paupers (except United States sol-
diers), persons under guardianship.
Yes. Indians holding tribal relations,
duelists and their abettors.
Yes. Treason, felony unless pardoned,
insane, persons under guardian-
ship, uncivilized Indians.
Yes. Insane, idiots, felons, delinquent
taxpayers.
United States soldiers or sailors,
paupers, persons convicted of fel-
ony or other infamous crime or
misdemeanor or violating right of
suffrage, unless pardoned; second
conviction disfranchises.
Yes Indians, felons, idiots, insane.
Lunatics, persons convicted of
treason or felony unless pardoned,
U. S. soldiers and sailors.
Registration required in some counties, (b) In all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second
ird class, (d) Required in cities of 1,200 inhabitants or over, (e) In cities of 100,000 popu-
and thi
lation or over.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE. 73
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE. CONTINUED.
REQUIREMENTS
AS TO CITIZENSHIP IN THE
VARIOUS STATES.
PREVIOUS
RESIDENCE
REQUIRED.
Registration.
Ballot reform.
Excluded from
voting.
3
County.
|
Precinct
NEVADA Citizens of United
States.
NEW HAMPSHIRE-Citizens of
United States.
NEW JERSEY-Citizens of Unit-
ed States.
NEW YORK Citizens who have
been such for 90 days.
NORTH CAROLINA-Citizens of
United States.
NORTH DAKOTA Citizens, or
alien who has declared intention
1 year and Indians who have
severed tribal relations; limited
woman suffrage.
OHIO- Citizens
(i m
I! in
iy.
iy
iy.
iy.
iy.
c. m
iy.
2y.
2y.
fim
iy.
iy.
iy.
iy.
iy.
iy.
iy-
iy.
iy.
50 d
Km
30 d
<>m
50 d
i m
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
(o)
(W
No-
Yes.
(c)
Yes.
(d)
(e)
(/)
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No..
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Insane, idiots, convicted of treason
or felony, unauinestied confeder-
ates against the United States.
Paupers (except honorably dis-
charged soldiers), persons excused
from paying taxes at their own re-
quest.
Paupers, insane, idiots and persons
convicted of crimes which exclude
them from being witnesses unless
pardoned.
Convicted of bribery or any infa-
mous crime unless sentenced to
the reformatory or pardoned, bet-
tors on result of election, bribers
for votes and the bribed.
Idiots, lunatics, convicted of fel-
ony or other infamous crimes.
United States soldiers and bailors.
Felons, idiots, convicts unless par-
doned. United States soldiers and
sailors.
Idiots, insane. United States sol-
diers and sailors, felons unless
restored to citizenship.
[.lints, insane, convicted felons,
Chinese, United States soldiers and
sailors.
Persons convicted of some offense
forfeiting right of suffrage, non-
taxpayers.
Paupers, lunatics, idiots, convicted
of bribery or infamous crime until
restored.
Paupers. Insane, idiots, convicted
of treason, dueling or other infa-
mous crime.
Persons under guardian, idiots, in-
sane, convicted of treason or fel-
ony unless pardoned.
Convicted of bribery or other infa-
mous crime, failure to pay poll tax.
Idiots, lunatics, paupers, convicts,
United States soldiers and sailors.
I. lints, insane, convicted of treason
or violation of election laws.
Qnpardoned convicts, deserters
from United States service during
the war. ex-confederates.
Idiots, lunatics, convicts unless
Eardoned by the legislature,
adians not taxed.
Paupers, idiots, lunatics, convicts,
bribery, United States soldiers and
sailors.
Insane, under guardian, convicts
unless pardoned.
Idiots, insane, felons, unable to
read the state constitution.
4m
OOd
> m
60 d
30 d
30 d
,'Od
Wd
50.1
00 d
30 d
50 d
2m
4m
10(1
OREGON White male citizens,
or aliens who have declared in-
tention 1 year before election.
PENNSYLVANIA Citizens at
least 1 month, and if 22 years old
must have paid tax within 2 yrs.
RHODE ISLAND Citizens of
United States.
SOUTH CAROLINA-Citizens of
United States.
SOUTH DAKOTA - Citizens, or
alien who has declared Inten-
tion.
TENNESSEE Citizens who have
paid poll tax preceding year.
TEXAS Citizens, or alien who
has declared intention ii months
before election.
UTAH Citizens of United States,
male or female.
VERMONT Citizens of United
States.
VIRGINIA Citizens of United
States.
WASHINGTON Citizens of Unit-
ed States.
WEST VIRGINIA Citizens of
the state.
WISCONSIN Citizens, or alien
who has declared intention.
WYOMING-Citizens, male or fe-
male.
iy.
3m
I ra
im
4m
3m
00 d
JOd
iy.
X)d
fi m
4m
10d
fim
GOd
im
im
50 d
1(1.1
50 d
iOil
10.1
Yes.
Yes.
No..
(a)
Yes.
Yes.
No-
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
(a) In cities of 3,000 population or over. (6) In cities of not less than 9.0UO inhabitants,
(c) Non-taxpayers must register yearly before Dec. 31. (d) In towns having '.000 voters and
counties where registration has been adopted by popular vote, (e) All counties having 50.000
inhabitants or over. (/) In cities of 10,000 or over.
In a more or less limited form, relating to taxation and school matters, woman suffrage
exists in Arizona, California, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas. Kentuckv. Massa-
chusetts. Michigan. Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska. New Hampshire, New Jersey. North Da-
kota, Oklahoma. Oregon. South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin.
74 CHICAGO DAILY
NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
GOLD AND SILVER.
WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER.
(From the Report of the Director of the Mint, 1897.) '
CALENDAR ni . 1a
YEARS.
Sillier
(coining
value).
E*o
o o>
RJg
CALENDAR
YEARS.
Gold.
Silver
(coining
value).
I*
||
2
s
0,
ft,
14921520. $107,931,000
$54,703,000
66.4
33.6
1851-1855. .
$662,566,000
$184.169,000
78.3
21.7
1521-1544. 114.205.000
98.986.000
55.9
44.1
1856-1860. .
670.415,000
188,092,000
78.1
21.9
1545 1560. 90.492.000
207,240.000
30.4
69.6
1861-1865. .
614,944,000
228.861,000
72.9
27.1
1561-1580. 90.917.000
248.990,000
26.7
73.3
1866-1870. .
648,071,000
278,313,000
70.0
30.0
1581-1600. 98.095.000
348.254,000
22.0
78.0
1871-1875. .
577.883.000
409.332,000
58.5
41 6
1601 -1620. 113,248.000
351,579,000
24.4
75.6
1876-1880. .
572.931.000
509.256.000
53.0
47.0
1621-1640. 110.324,000
327,221,000
25.2
74.8
1881-1885. .
495,582.000
594,773.000
45.5
64.5
16411660. 116.571.000
304.525.000
27.7
72.3
1886
106,163,900
120.626,800
46.8
53 2
16611680. 123.048.000
280.166,000
30.5
69.5
1887
105.774.900
124.281.000
45.9
54il
1681-1700. 143.088,000
284.240.000
33.5
66.5
1888
110.196,900
140,706.400
43.9
56.1
17011720 170403,000
295629000
36.6
63.4
1889
123.489.200
155.427.700
44.3
55.7
17211740 253,611,000
358.480,000
41.4
58.6
1890
118.848.700
163,032.000
57 9
17411760 327,161,000
443,232,000
42.5
57.5
1891..
130,650.000
177352300
42^4
57 6
17611780. 275,21 1.000
542658,000
33.7
66.3
1892
146 651,500
198.014.400
42.5
57 5
11 81 1800 236 461 000
730 SIO 000
24 4
75 6
1893
157 494 800
213 944 400
42.4
57^g
18011810. 118.152,000
371,677,000
24.1
75.9
1894
180,567,800
212.829.600
18111820 76 063 000
224.786,000
25.3
74.7
1895
200 406.000
217 610 800
47 7
52 3
18211830. 94,479,000
191.444,000
33.0
67.0
1896
202,956,000
213,463,700
48.7
51.3
1831 1840. 134.841,000
18411850. 363.928,000
247,930.000
324.400.000
35.2
52.9
64.8
47.1
Total . . .
8.983.320,600
10,556,706.800
45.9
54.1
PRICE OF BAR SILVER.
Highest, lowest and average price of bar silver in London, per ounce British standard
(.925), since 1833. and the equivalent In United States gold coin of an ounce 1,000 fine, taken at
the average price.
Value of
Value of
CALEN-
Lowest
Highest
Average
a
fine
CALEN-
L,
nvest
Hit]
test
Average
a
flue
DAR
quota-
quota-
quota-
own
ce at
DAR
<r
itota-
quc
to-
quota-
oun
,ce at
YEAR.
tion.
tion.
tion.
average
quotafn.
YEAR.
tion.
tion.
tion.
average
quotatn
1833.
d.
d.
d.
593-16
$1.297
1866.
(
d.
d.
62#
d.
61^
$1.339
1834.
59%
60%
59 15-16
1.313
1867.
(
0%
609-16
1.
328
1835.
59^
60
59 11-16
1.308
1868.
(
88
61
4
60W
1
326
1836.
59%
60
1.315
1869.
(
61
60 7-16
1
325
1837.
59
jraS
599-16
1.305
1870.
(
>0&
60
K
609-16
1
328
1838.
69J^
60%
59J*
1.304
1871.
(
>03-16
61
60^
1.
326
1839.
60
6J3%
60%
1.323
1872.
i
>9><
4
605-16
I.
322
1840.
9N
6DK
1.323
1873.
,772
59
15-16
1.
298
1841.
59%
808
601-16
1.316
1874.
7
^
58 16
1.
278
1842.
69^
60
59 7-16
1.303
1875.
i
67
1
56%
1.
246
1843.
59
59%
593-16
1.297
1876.
.
58
1
52M
1.
158
1844.
59/^
59%
59^
1.304
1877.
1
2
54 13-16
1.
201
1815.
8%
59%
59 jl
1.298
1878.
!
'$%
1
4
529-16
1.
152
1846.
59
MM
595-16
1.300
1879.
4
8%
53
d
5i i^
J.
123
1817.
58%
60%
59 11-16
1.308
1880.
j
1%
52
i
52M^
1.
145
1848.
IjBg
60
59)^
1.304
1881.
j
0%
52"
1
51 iS-lfi
1.
138
1849.
60
59%
1.309
1882.
i
.0
52
i
51 1^-16
136
1850.
59 Vo
61^
61 1-16
1.316
1883.
i
51
3-16
50%
i!
110
1851.
60
61%
61
1.337
1884.
i
51
i
50%
i.
113
1852.
59%
61%
60^
1.326
1885.
4
6%
50
489-16
i.
0645
1853.
60%
^g
1.348
1886.
4
12
47
45%
9946
1854.
60%
61%
1.348
1887.
4
3U
47]
4
44%
97823
ia-55.
60
615-16
1.344
1888.
i
1%
44
9-16
42%
93897
1856.
60^
628
615-16
1.344
1889.
4
2
44:
\
41 11-16
93512
1857.
61
62%
6l
1.353
1890.
4
3%
54'
\
47%
i.'
04633
1858.
60%
61%
61JH6
1.344
1891.
4
3^
48i
I
451-16
98782
1859.
61%
62%
62 1-16
1.360
1892.
J
7%
43:
I
87106
1860.
6M
6296
61 11-16
1.352
1893.
E
Oil
38;
I
35^16
7S031
1861.
MM
6191
60 13-16
1.333
1894.
5
T
31;
I
287-16
63479
1862.
61
62^6
61 7-16
1.346
1895.
5
7 3-16
31
297-8
;
S5406
1863.
61
61%
61%
1.345
1896.
S
93-4
31
15-16
303-4
S1437
1864.
60%
62 J*
1.345
1897.
:
413-16
23;
tf
279-16
U0463
1865. 60^ 61% 61 1-16
1.338
GOLD AND SILVER.
SILVER WITH GOLD.
The following table exhibits the value of the pure silver In the silver dollar, reckoned at
the commercial price of silver bullion, from 60 cents to $1.2929 (parity of our coining rate) per
fine ounce. [From report on precious metals in the United States, 1892, and subsequent ad-
ditional reports by the director of the mint.]
Price of
Silver Per
Fine Ounce
Value of the
Pure Silver
in a Silver
Dollar.
Price of
Silver Per
Fine Ounce
Value of the
Pure Silver
in a Silver
Dollar.
Price of
Silver Per
Fine Ounce
Value of the
Pure Silver
in a Silver
Dollar.
Price of
Silver Per
Fine Ounce
Value of the
Pure Silver
in a Silver
Dollar.
$0 <*)
$0.464
$0 78 ..
$0 603
10 96
742
91 14
JO 882
lii
471
79
611
97
750
1 15
889
62
.480
.80
.619
.98....
758
1.16
897
08
.487
. .81...
.626
99....
766
1 17..
905
M
.495
.82....
634
1 00
773
1 18
913
.to...
.508
.88..,.
.642
1.01...
.781
1.19....
920
.66
.510
.84...
.649
1.02....
.789
1.20
.928
67
.518
.85....
.657
1 03....
.797
1.21. .
936
68
.526
.86
.665
1 04...,
804
1 22.. ..
944
HI
534
.87...,
673
1 05
812
1 23
951
70
541
88
681
1 06
820
1 24
959
71
549
89
688
1 07
828
1 25
967
72 ....
.557
.90
.696
1.08
835
1.26...
975
73
565
.91
.704
1.09
.843
1.27..
982
74
572
.92 ..
712
1 10 . .
.851
1 28
990
75
580 '
98
719
1 11
859
1 29
998
76
588
94
727
1 12
866
1 2929
1 000
,.77
.595
.95
.785
1.13
.874
COMMERCIAL RATIO OF SILVER TO GOLD EACH TEAR SINCE 1688.
From 1688 to 1832 the ratios are taken from Dr. A. Soetbeer; from 1833 to 1878 from Plxley and
Abell's tables; and from 1879 to 1894 from dally cablegrams from London to the bureau of the
mint:
YEAR. Ratio. YEAR. Ratio. YEAH. Ratio. YEAR. Ratio. YEAR. Ratio. YEAR. Ratio.
1690. .
1691.
1692..
1693..
1694..
1185..
1K96..
1697..
1(7.18..
Kami!
17(10..
1701..
17(12..
1703..
1704..
17115. .
17(16. .
171)7..
1708..
17(19..
1710..
1711..
1712.
1713..
1714..
1715..
1716..
1717..
1718..
1719. .
1720..
1721..
1722. .
14.94
15.02
15.02
14.98
14.92
14.83
14.87
15.H2
I5.w
15.20
15.07
14.94
14.81
15.07
15.52
15.17
15.22
15.11
15.27
15.44
15.41
15.31
15.22
15.29
15.31
15.24
15.13
15.11
15.119
15.13
15.11
15.09
15.04
15.05
15.17
1723...,
1724...,
1725...,
1726. . . ,
1727...,
1728...,
1729...
1730...
1731...
1732. . .
1733...
1734...
1735. . .
1736...
1737...
1738. . .
1739...
1740. . .
1741...
1742. . .
1743...
1744...
1745...
1746...
1747...
1748. . .
1749...
1750. . .
1751...
1752...
1753. . .
1754...
1755...
175fi...
1757. . .
15.20
15.11
15.11
15.15
15.24
15.11
14.92
14.81
14.94
15.09
15.18
15.39
15.41
15.18
15.02
14.91
14.91
14.94
14.92
14.85
14.85
14.87
14.98
15.13
15. a;
15.11
14.80
14.55
14.39
14.54
14.54
14.48
14.68
14.94
14.87
1758...,
1759....
1760...
1761...,
1762. . . ,
1763...
1764...
1765...,
1766. . .
1767...
1768. . .
1769. . .
1770...
1771...
1772...
1773. . .
1774. . .
1775...
1776...
1777...
1778...
1779. . .
1780...
1781...
1782. . .
1783...
1784...
1785...
1786. . .
1787...
1788...
1789...
1790. . .
1791...
1792. . .
14.85
14.15
14.14
14.54
15.27
14.99
14.70
14.83
14.80
14.85
14.80
14.72
14.62
14.66
14.52
14.62
14.62
14.72
14.55
14.54
14.68
14.80
14.72
14.78
14.42
14.48
14.70
14.92
14.96
14.92
14.65
14.75
15.04
15.05
15.17
1793...
1794...
1795. . .
1796. . .
1797...
1798. . .
1799...
1800...
1801..,
1802. . :
1803...
1804...
1805...
1806...
1807...
1810. . .
1811...
1812...
1813...
1814. . .
1815...
1816. . .
1817 ..
1818...
1819. . .
1820. . .
1821...
1S22...
1823. . .
1824. .
1825...
1826...
1827...
15.00
15.37
15.55
15.65
15.41
15.59
15.74
15.68
15.46
15.26
15.41
15.41
15.79
15.52
15.43
16.08
i:>.96
15.77
15.53
16.11
16.25
15.04
15.26
15.28
15.11
15.35
15.33
15.62
15.95
15.80
15.84
15.82
15.70
15.76
15.74
15.78
15.78
15.82
15.72
15.73
15.93
15.73
15.80
15.72
15.83
15.85
15.62
15.62
15.70
15.87
15.93
15.85
15.92
15.90
15.80
15.85
15.78
15.70
15.46
15.59
15.33
15. 33
15.38
15.38
15.27
15.38
15.19
15.29
15.50
15.35
18o3...
1864...
1865...
1866...
1867...
1868...
1869...
1870. . .
1871...
1872...
1873...
1874...
1875...
1876...
1877...
1878...
1879...
1880...
1881...
1884...
lass...
18%...
1887...
1888...
1889...
1890...
1891...
1892...
1893...
1894...
1895...
1896...
1897...
15.37
15.37
15.44
15.43
15.57
15.59
15.60
15.57
15.57
15.63
15.92
16.17
16.59
17.88
17.22
17.94
18.40
18.05
18.16
18.19
18.64
18.57
19.41
20.78
21.13
21.99
22.10
19.76
M.'.n
23.72
26.49
32! 56
31.60
30.66
34.28
76 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE UNITED STATES.
Approximate distribution, by producing states and territories, of the product of gold and
silver in the United States for the calendar year 18%, as estimated by the director of the mint.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
GOLD.
SILVER.
Total
value.
Fine
ounces.
Value.
.Fine
ounces.
Coining
value.
Alabama
275 '
99,444
125.978
737.036
721,320
7,805
104,263
48
15
1,800
39
209,207
119,404
23,017
2,143
60,517
3,062
240,414
15
387
91,908
48
169
19,626
692
$5,700
2,055,700
2,604.200
15,235.900
14,911.000
151 .COO
2,155.300
1,000
300
37,200
800
4,321,700
2,468,300
475,800
44,300
1,251.000
63.300
4,969.800
300
8,000
1,899,900
1,000
3,500
405,700
14,300
$5.700
2.243.563
5.077.573
16012433
44.096293
151.776
8,813.757
1.000
300
113.483
800
25965,104
3.824.195
1,365,077
44.946
1,329.998
63,688
5,266.527
300
687.305
13,313.363
1.000
3,500
761.126
14.429
Alaska
145.300
1,913.000
000,600
22,573.000
600
5,149,900
$187,863
2,473,373
776,533
29,185,293
776
6,658,457
Arizona
California
Colorado
Idaho
M Ichigan
59,000
76,283
16,737.500
1,048,700
687,800
500
61,100
300
229,500
21,640,404
1,355,895
889,277
646
78,998
388
296,727
Nevada
Nortb Carolin
South Carolin
South Dakota
Texas
525.400
8,827,600
679,305
11,413,463
Utah
274,900
100
355,426
129
Wyoming
Total
2,568,132
53,088,000
58,834,800
76,069,236
129.157,236
PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1792 TO 1896.
The estimate for 1792-1873 is by R. W. Raymond, Commissioner, and since by the Director of
the Mint.
YEARS.
Gold.
Silver.
Total.
YEARS.
Gold.
Silver.
Total.
April 2, 1792-
July 31. 1834
July 31. 1831-
Dec. 81, 1844
1845
$14,000,000
7,500.000
1,008.327
1,139,357
889,085
10,000,000
40,000,000
50.UOO.OOO
55,000.000
60.UOO.OOO
65,000.000
60.000,000
55.UUU.OOO
55,000.000
55,000.000
50,000.000
50.000,000
46.000.000
43,000,000
39,200.000
40.000,000
46, 100,000
Insignifi-
cant.
$250,000
50.000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50.000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
500,000
100,000
150.000
2,000,000
4,500.000
8,500,000
11,1X10.000
$14,000,000
7.750,000
1,058,327
1,189,357
939,085
10,050,000
40,050,000
50.05U.OUU
55.050.000
60,050.000
65,050,000
60,050.000
65,050,000
55,050,000
55.050.0UO
50,500.000
50.100.000
46, 150,000
45.000,000
43.70U.OOO
48,500,000
57,100,000
1870
$50,000,000
43.500.00U
36,000,000
36.000.000
33,500.000
33,400,000
39.900.000
$16,000,000
23.000.000
28,750,000
35,750,000
37,300.000
31.700.000
38.800,000
$66,000,000
66,500.000
64,750,000
71,750,000
70,800.000
65.100,000
78,701,000
1871
1872..
1873
1874
1846 .
1875
1847
1876....
1848
1877..--
46.000.0UU
3!>,800,000
86,700.000
96,400,000
79.700,000
75.200.0U)
77.700.000
79,300.100
76.200,000
79,000,000
85,400,000
86,000.000
86,350.000
92.370.000
97.446.000
103.310.000
108,592.000
115,101.000
113,531.000
103,500.000
118.6til.000
129,157,000
1849
1878.
1879
51,200.000
38.900.000
36.000.0IX)
3t.700.UOO
32.500,000
30.000.000
30.800,000
31.800,000
35.000.000
33.1100.000
33.175.000
32.8UO.OOO
32,845,000
33,175.000
33.000.000
35.955.000
39.50U.OUO
46310,000
53,088,000
45.200.0UU
4U.8UU.OUU
39,200,000
43,000.000
46,800.000
46.200.00U
48.800.01W
51.600.000
51,000,000
53.350.000
59,195,000
64,646.000
70,465.000
75,417,000
82.101.000
77,576,000
64.000,000
72,051,000
76,069,000
1850 .
1851
1880
1852
1881
1853...
1882....
1854 .
1883
1855
1884
1856
1885.
1857. .
1886
1858,
1887
1S59
1888
I860
1S89
1861
18WO.
1891
1862
J863
1892
1864
1893
1865
53,225,000
11,250,000
64.475,000
1894
1866
53.500,000
51,725,000
48,000.000
49,500.000
10,000,001)
13,500.000
12.000.000
12,000,000
63,500.000
65,225.000
60,000.000
61,500,000
1895
1867
1896
1
1868
\>tal
1869
2,113,034,709
1,444,970,000
5,868,191,585
GOLD AND SILVER.
77
STOCK OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1873 TO 1897.
The stock of gol d and silver and the amount per capita at the close of each fiscal year, from
1873 to 1897, in the United States, is exhibited in the following table, complied from the reports
of the director of the mint:
FISCAL YEAR ENDED
JUNE 30
POPULA-
TION.
TOTAL COIN AND BULLION
Silver.
PER CAPITA.
Gold.
Silver.
Total
1873..
1874..
1875..
is7r,::
1877..
1878..
IS?.).!
1SSO..
1*S1..
18S2..
18S3..
1884..
1885..
1886..
18S7..
18-vS..
..
1891..
is'.i-;..
IS'.).',..
is-.).;..
1897..
41.677,000
42, 1 ! 96.000
4JS.951.000
45,137,000
46,353,000
47,598,000
48.866,000
50.1.55,783
51.316.000
52,495.000
53,<i93.M)0
54,911,000
56.148,000
57,404,000
58,6SO,000
69,974,000
61.289,000
62,622,250
63.975,000
(io.520.000
66,946.000
68.397,000
69,878.000
71,390.000
72,937,000
$135,000,000
147,379,493
121,134.906
130,056,907
167,501.472
213,199.977
245,741,837
351,841,208
478,484,538
506,757.715
542,732.063
545,500.797
588.697,036
690.774,461
654,520.335
705,818,855
680.0fK,505
695,5fSW)29
646,582,852
664,275.335
597,697.685
627,29:1201
636,229.825
599,597,964
696,270,542
$6,149,305
10,355,478
19,367,995
36,415.992
56,464,427
88.047,907
117,526,341
148.522,678
175,384.144
203,217,124
233.007.985
255,568,142
283,478,788
312,252,844
352,993.566
386,611,108
420,548,929
463,211.919
522,277,740
570,313.544
615,861.484
624,347.757
625,a r >4,949
628,728,071
634,509,781
$3.23
3.44
2.75
2.88
3.61
4.47
5.02
7.01
9.32
9.65
10.10
9.93
10.48
10.29
11.15
11.76
11.09
11.10
10.10
10.15
8.93
9.18
9.10
8.40
9.55
$0.15
.24
.44
.81
1.21
1.85
2.40
2.96
3.41
3.87
4.34
4.65
5.05
5.44
6.00
6.44
6.86
7.39
8.16
8.70
9.20
9.13
8.97
8.81
8.70
$3.38
3.68
3.19
3.69
4.82
G.32
7.42
9.97
12.73
13.52
14.44
14.58
15.53
15.73
17.15
18.20
17.95
18.49
18.26
18.85
18.13
18.31
18.07
17.21
18.25
CIRCULATION OF MONEY IN THE UNITED STATES.
JULY l.
Amount of
money in
United States.
Amount in
circulation.
Population
June 1.
Money per
capita.
Circula-
tion per
capita.
1872 .
$762,721,565
$738 309 549
40,596,000
$18.79
$18.19
1873 ...
774,445 610
751 8bl 809
41 677 000
18.58
18.04
1874
806,024,781
776,083,031
42,796,000
18.83
18.13
1875
798,273,609
754,101 947
43,951,000
18.16
17.16
1876
790,683,284
727 609 388
45,137,000
17.52
16.12
1877
703,053,847
722 314 883
46, 353, 000
16.46
15.58
1878
791,253,576
729,132,634
47,598,000
16.62
15.32
187y
1,051,521,541
818,631,793
48,866,000
21.52
16.75
1880
1,205,929,197
973,382 228
50, 155, 783
24.04
19.41
1881
1,406,541,823
1 114,238 119
51,316,000
27.41
21.71
1882
1,480,531.719
1,174,290,419
52,495,000
28.20
22.37
1883
1,643,489,816
1.280,805,696
63,693,000
30.61
22.91
1884
1,705,454,189
1,243,925,969
64,911,000
31.06
22.65
1885
1,817,658,33V
1,292,568,615
66, 148, 000
32.37
23.02
1886
1,808,559,694
1,252,700,525
67,404,000
31.51
21.82
1887
1,900,442,672
1,317,539,143
58,680.000
32.39
22.45
1888
2,062,955,949
1,372,170,870
69,974,000
34.40
22.88
1889.
2,075,350,711
1,380,361,649
61,289,000
33.86
22.52
1890 ...
2,144,226,159
1,429,251,270
62,622,250
34.24
22.82
1891
2,195,224,075
1,497,440,707
63,975,000
34.31
23.41
1S92
2,372,599,501
1,601,347,187
65,403,000
36.21
24.44
1893
2,323,402,392
1,596,701,245
66, 82*;, 000
34.75
23.87
1894..
2,249,325,276
1,664,061,232
68,397,01)0
32.88
24.33
1895
2,209.215,665
1,606,179,556
69,753,000
31.68
23.02
1896
2,345,631,328
1,506,631.026
71,390,000
32.86
21.10
1897
2,368,110,531
1,646,028,246
72,917,000
32.46
22.57
1898
2,442,523,241
1,843,436,749
74,522,000
32.77
24.74
The difference between the amount of money in the country and the amount In circula-
tion represents the money in the treasury. Currency certificates, act of June 8, 1872, are in-
cluded in the amount of United States notes in circulation in tables for years 1873 to 1891, in-
clusive; since 1891 they are reported separately.
78
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
GOVERNMENT PAPER CURRENCY IN CIRCULATION.
JUNE 30.
Legal-
tender
notes.
Treasury
notes
1H90.
Currency
certifi-
cates.
Gold
certifi-
cates.
Silrer
certifi-
cates.
Total
govern tn't
paper.
l"8n.
1881.
1882.
1-vS:;.
1884.
1885.
issti.
1890.
IS'.'l.
18112.
is;:
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
$313,(500,457
316,476,924
312.010.427
310,182,177
306,497,214
301.633,637
305.5tB.JB9
317.897,219
294.282,812
300.344.ftSl
323,046.826
323,714.272
311,814,840
320.875.t8.-l
2*8,772,371
265, 109.456
225,562,755
248.583.578
2815.572,329
WO. 463,165
98.051,657
140,661.691
134,862,00!)
115,978.708
98.080.5llti
83.905.197
93,665,580
114,285.000
11.650.000
13.245,000
13.060,0(10
12.190,000
29.585,000
18.250,000
8.770,000
14,415,000
16.735.000
U.830.000
21.365.000
29,830.01)0
11.935.000
58.935,000
55,405.000
33,430.000
61.130,000
26.0i5.()00
$7,96S.!)vO
5,769.520
5.029.020
59,807.370
71.146.fV40
126. 729.730
76,044,375
91.225.437
119,887.370
116.792,759
131.380.019
120.85f> 399
141.285.591
92,970.019
66,344.409
48.381.569
42.961.iM)
37,285,919
35.820.63!)
$5,789,569
39.110.729
51.506,090
72,620.686
96,427.011
101.530.946
88,116,22,5
142.118,017
200,387,876
257.102,445
297.210.043
307.364.148
326.880.803
326.489.165
327.094,381
319.731.752
336,313.080
358 336.368
390.ai9.080
$341.648.926
372.997.1', 3
384.790.537
465.670.233
486.260.8ti5
559.479.313
4S7.973.29!)
560.010.073
628.972.5a8
H90.976.135
763.466,8txS
813.75(i,984
907.812.f39
892.931.561
aVi.008.170
804.606.485
(36.348.250
789,24 1. 0i2
9^8.162,628
GOLD AND SILVER IN CIRCULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
The treasury notes of 1890 are not Included In the total for sliver, although presented iii
the table, as they are based upon silver:
JUNE 30.
Gold
coin.
Gold
certifi-
cates.
Total
gold.
Silver
dollars.
Silver
certifi-
cates.
Treasury
notes of
1X9<).
Subsid-
iary
silver.
Total
silver.
Ratio sil-
ver to gold
Percent
1880
225695778
$7,963900
5.759.520
5,029.020
5D.807370
71,146,640
126,729,730
76,044.375
91,225,437
119.887,370
116,792.759
131.380.019
l:.'O.S50.3!i9
iti.:;:i.-).:>;;n
92,970,019
66.344,409
48,381 569
12.320.759
37.285,919
35>,>o!u:i9
$233,659.679
321.072.397
36:1,280.345
404,460.865
411.770.843
468,398,141
433.980,712
467,644,666
511.954.224
492,848.241
505,776,400
528,924,205
550,003.079
496.603,719
664.218,399
528,656,62
498.449.242
656,432,694
696.780,519
$19.309.435
28.827.983
31,990,964
35,341,880
39.794,913
38.471.2(59
52,469,720
55,506,147
55,545,303
54,417,967
56.166.a-6
57,683.041
56,799.48-1
57,029,743
51,191,37"!
51.983.lti2
52.175,998
52.001.202
57.259,791
$5,789,669
39.110.729
54.50ti.tKiO
72.620.686
9(5.427.0 11
101,530.946
88.116.225
142.1 ia017
200,387,376
267,102.445
297,210,043
307.364,148
326,880,803
i26.489.165
;i27.094.381
319.731,752
331.259.509
358.336;. 68
390659.080
$54.511 788
52.839.364
52,379.949
52.474.299
45,660.808
43,702.921
46,166,255
48.570,305
50.354,635
51.476,834
54,069.743
58.290.il24
62,386,518
65,400,2(58
58,233,344
60.219,718
59,999.805
59.228.540
04.323.747
$79,610.792
120,778,076
13S,S77.003
160.436.865
181.a82.732
183,705.136
186.742,200
246.194.469
106.287,314
(ti2.997.24ti
407,446.142
423,338,113
446,066.805
448,919.176
436.519,102
431.934.632
443,435.312
553,471.307
512242618
34.1
37.6
38.2
39.7
44.2
39.2
43.0
52.6
69.8
73.6
80.6
80.0
81.1
90.4
77.4
81.7
89.0
65.0
73.5
1881. . ...
3 13,312,877
158.251.325
644.1553,495
M0.f84.a08
ill.668,411
157.91 !6.:-!37
.176,419,229
392,066.854
376,055.482
374,396,381
408.073.806
408.767.740
403.tl-W.700
497.87a990
4S0.275.057
456,128.483
519.146.675
<5tt0.959.S80
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889 . .
1890 ...
1891...
$40.463,165
98,051.65;
140,G01.69i
134,862.009
115.978,708
95,217,;161
83.905.1H7
98.665.580
1892. . . ,
1893....
1S94
1895.. .
1896
1897
1898....
COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER OF THE WORLD FOR THE YEARS 1873-96.
CALENDAR TEAKS.
GOLD.
Fine
ounces.
Value
SILVER.
Fine
ounces.
Coining
Value.
1873,
1874 .
1875
1876,
1877.
1878 ,
1879,
1880,
1881
1882 ,
1SS3
1884
1885
1*86
1887 ,
.
1891 .
IS'.r. 1 .
1*93 .
1S94 .
!>*. '5 .
1896.
12.462.890
6,568.2', 9
9.480.892
10.309,645
9.753.196
9,113,202
4.390,167
7,242,951
7,111.864
4.822.851
5,071,882
4,810.061
4,632,273
4,578,810
6.046.510
6.522,3)6
8.170.611
7.219,725
5,782,463
8.343,387
11,213.342
11.025.680
11,178,855
9.476.620
$257,630,S02
135,778,387
195.987,428
213.119,278
201,610,466
188.386,611
90,752.811
149.725,081
147,015.275
99,697.170
104,845,114
99,432,795
95,757.582
94.642.070
124,992.465
134,828,a'>5
168.901,519
149,244,965
119,534,122
172,473,124
232.420.517
227.921,032
231.0H7.438
195,899,517
185.368.002
3.831.680.424
101.741,421
79,610,875
92,747,118
97,899.525
88.449.796
124,671.870
81,124,555
65,442.074
83.539.051
85,685,996
84,541,904
74.120,127
98,044.475
96,566,844
126.388,502
104.354.000
107.788.256
117.789.228
106.9ii2.049
120.282.947
106.697,781
87,472.523
94.067.903
118.642,018
2.344.620.840"
$1:51.544.464
102,931.232
119,915,46'
126,577.164
114,359,332
161,191,913
104,888.313
84,611.974
108.010.086
310.7S5.9S4
109.306,705
95,832,084
126,764,574
124,854.101
163.411.397
134.922.344
139,362.595
152,293.144
138.294.367
155.517,347
137,952.690
113,095.788
121,610.219
153.395.740
3,1.01.428.974
GOLD AND SILVER.
79
TREASURY HOLDINGS OF GOLD AND SILVER.
JUNE SO.
Total gold
coin and
bullion.
Goldless
certificates
outstand-
ing.
Total
silver dol-
lars and
bullion.
Silver dol-
lars and
bullion
less certifi-
cates out-
standing.
Subsid-
iary
silver.
Total net
silver.
Ratio
silver
to gold.
Per cent.
1878 . . .
$128,460.203
$103,562,523
$15,059.828
$15,052,748
$6.860.506
$21913254
21 1
1879 . . .
135,23ti,475
119,956.655
33,239.917
32,825,437
8,903.401
41 728 838
34 8
1880 .
126,145.42.
118,181.527
49,549,851
43,760.282
24.350,482
68 110764
57 8
1881 .
163.171.661
157.412.141
65.85J.671
2ti.743.942
27.247 697
53 991 689
34 3
18S2...
148.506.390
143.477.370
90.384.724
35.878.634
28.048,631
d3 927.265
44 5
1883...
196.078.56S
138,271.198
116.396.235
43,775.549
2S.486.1K)!
72.261,550
62.3
1884...
204.876.594
lS5.ri9.aM
139,616.414
43,189,403
29.600.720
72.790 123
54.4
1885 . . .
247.028.625
120.25(8,895
169,451,998
67.921.052
31,236.899
99. 157 951
82 4
1886 ..
232.S3S.ia4
156,793,749
184.345.764
96,229.539
28.904.682
125 134 221
79 8
1887...
278.101.106
186,875.669
222.401.405
80.283,388
26 977.494
107 260 882
67 4
1888...
313.753.617
193.8fi6.247
254.499.241
54,111,865
26,051.741
80.163.606
41 3
1889...
itt-1,504.320
186.711,561
289.688.374
32.585.929
25.129.733
57,715.662
30 9
1890
3-31.612.4Xi
190,232.404
323.909.360
26,65(9,317
22.805.226
49.504 543
26
1891 ..
238.518.122
117.667,723
379.705.279
72.341,131
19,656.695
91 997 826
78 2
1892...
255.577,706
114.342,367
433.858.402
106,977,599
14.224 714
121 202 313
106
1893 . . .
188.455.433
95.485.414
480.476,527
153,987,362
11,855.944
165.843.306
173.7
1891
1895
13I.217.4I44
155,893.932
64.8r3.K5
107,512,363
495.409,178
495.785,906
168,314,797
176.054U54
17,889,531
16.552,845
186.204,328
192,606,999
287.0
179 1
1890...
151,307.143
108.345,234
496.562,413
KM.249.3S3
15,637,424
175 SS6 75"
162 3
1897
178,076.654
140,7(0,735
501.583.579
146.247.211
16.210,344
162 457 555
1898
202.825, M7
167,001,419
504,932,225
141,273,145
12,097,682
153 370 827
MONEY OF THE WORLD. , .
Monetary systems and approximate stocks of money In the principal countries of the world
as reported by the treasury department's bureau of mint.
COUNTRIES.
fi
I 1
*<5
sS-sll
+* =i < e-t-2
lilll
PER CAPITA.
United States*...
United Kingdom
France ..... .....
Germany ........
Belgium .........
Italy .............
Switzerland ......
Greece ...........
Spain ........... ..
Portugal. ........
Roumania .......
Austrla-Hung'y .
Netherlands .....
Norway ..........
Sweden ..........
Denmark .........
KussiuJc Finland
Turkey ...........
Australia ........
E/ypt ............
Mexico .........
Cent. Am. st'tes.
So. Am. states...
Japan ............
India ......
China ......
Straits Settl'm'ts
Canada...
Cuba ......
Haiti .....
Bulgaria .
Slam ......
Hawaii ...
Cape Colony .....
S. A. Rep ........
Total .
G.&S.
Gold . .
G.&S.
Gold
G.&S.
G.&S.
G.&S.
G.&S.
G.&S.
Gold
1 to 15.98 1 to 14.95
1 to 14.
1 to 15.50 1 to 14.38
1 to 13.957
1 to 15.501 to 14.38
1 to 15.
1 to 15.50 I
1 to 15.
50 1 to 14.38
to 14. 38
50 1 to 14. 38
G.&S.
G.&S.
Gold..
G.&S.
Gold
1 to 15.501 to 14.38
1 to 14.08
1 to 1556
Gold ..
Gold . .
Silver
G.&S.
Gold . .
Gold . .
Silver.
Silver.
Silver.
G.&S.
G.&S.
Silver,
G.&S
Gold.
G.&S
G.&S
G.&S
Silver
G.&S.
Gold.
Gold.
1 to 13. 69
1 to 15
1 to 14.
1 to 14.88
1 to 14.88
1 to 15. 501 to 12.90
1 to 15%
1 to 14.28
1 to 15.68
14015%
1 to 16. 50
1 to 15.50
1 to 15.50
1 to 16. 18
1 to 16
1 to 14.28
1 to 15.50
1 to 15. 50
1 to 15. 501 to 14.38
1 to 14.95
1 to 15.98
72.9
39.6
38.5
62.3
6.4
31.3
3.0
2.2
180
6.1
6.4
2.3
46.0
4.9
2.0
6.0
2.3
126.0
22.0
6.0
7.8
13.0
3.3
37.5
45.0
296.0
360.0
3.8
6.3
1.8
1.0
3.3
5.C
l'.7
.8
$396.3
584.0
772.0
654.5
35.0
96.9
24.0
.5
45.0
5.5
38.6
2.7
178.5
21.9
7.5
10.6
15.4
586.9
50.0
132.1
129.3
8.6
1.0
65.0
80.1
16.0
6.0
4.0
1.0
20.0
5.0
37.5
29.2
J634.S
121.7
443.9
212.8
67.0
45.4
10.7
1.5
49.0
7.5
10.6
1.7
63.7
66.1
2.0
4.9
6.4
74.2
40.0
7.0
6.4
106.0
18.9
35.0
94.0
950.0
750.0
242.0
5.0
1.5
4.5
6.8
193.4
1.0
1.0
1.2
$397.0
112.1
119.2
123.8
72.5
161.0
14.3
26.0
103.0
49.8
11.8
2.4
177.6
37.9
3.8
19.0
6.4
467.2
22.5
'"i.'o
8.4
650.0
"silo
35.0
"i.'i
14.75
20.05
12.15
5.47
3.10
8.00
.23
2.50
1.08
7.15
1.18
3.97
4.47
8.75
2.12
6.70
4.66
2.27
26.42
16.58
.&
.30
1.73
1.78
3.01
2.78
4.00
.30
4.00
50.00
22 06
Sti.oO
$8.70
3.07
11.53
4.07
8.91
1.45
3.56
.68
2.72
1.86
1.96
2.04
1.41
11.45
1.00
.98
2.35
.69
1.82
1.40
8.15
5.73
.93
2.09
8.21
2.08
63.68
4.50
2.06
$5. 45 $23. 70
2.83
3.10
2.37
11.32
5.14
4.77
11.81
5.72
9.76
2.19
1.04
3.95
7.73
1.90
3. SO
3.0:
2.54
14.6
6.60
10.00
.68
1.50
20. 65
34.18
9.69
16.33
12. V2
10.94
12. VO
11.30
4.26
9.33
23.65
6.66
6.90
11.83
8.95
4.09
32 32
17.40
11. SJ
8
17.: 33
3.8
3.33
2.
fti.68
10.56
3.61
12.60
2.36
42.68
60 CO
22.64
38.00
4,359.0
4.283.0
2,565.8
July 1, 1897; all other countries Jan. 1. 1897.
80 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
MONETARY SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES.
[From Muhleman's Monetary Systems of the World.]
Wgt.
Fine-
ness.
Ho-
tto to
gold.
Limit of
issue.
Denomi-
nations.
Legal-ten-
der qual-
ity.
Receiv-
able.
Exchange-
able.
Redeem-
able.
Gold coin..
25.8
gr. to
dol-
lar.
900-1000
None.
$20
10
6
2H
Unlimited
For all
dues.
For certif-
icates un-
der limita-
tions.
Gold cer-
Issue sus-
pended so
long as
free gold
in treas'ry
is below
$100.000,000.
$10,000
5,000
1,000
500
100
50
20
None.
For all
public
dues.
For gold
coin at
treasury
or any oth-
er money.
In gold
coin at
treasury.
Sllver dol-
lars
412.5
gr. to
dol-
lar.
900-1000
15.988
tol.
R e q uire-
in i' ii t to
redeem
t r e a sury
notes.
$1
Unlimited
unless
otherwise
contract-
ed.
For all
dues.
For silver
c'rtific'tes
or smaller
coins at
treasury.
Maybe de-
posit ed
for silver
c e r t i f i-
cates.
Silver cer-
tificates .
Silver dol-
lars In use
$1.000 $20
500 10
100 5
SO 2
1
None.
For all
public
dues.
For dol-
lars or
smal ler
coins.
In silver
dollars.
C. 8. notes.
$346.681.016.
Same as
silver cer-
tificates.
Same as
silver dol-
lars.
For all
dues.
For all
kinds of
money ex-
cept gold
certif i-
cates.
In coin at
sub-treas-
ury In N.
Y.and San
Francisco
in sums of
$50 or over
Tre a s u r y
notes of
1890 ..
$156.044,615.
Same as
silver cer-
tificates.
Same as
sllrer dol-
lars.
For all
dues.
For U. 8.
notes.
In coin at
treasury.
Currency
c e r t i f i-
Same as
U.S. notes.
$10,000
None.
Not re-
ceivable.
For U. S.
notes.
In U. 8
notes a t
subtreas-
ury where
issued.
N a 1 1 o nal
bk. notes.
Volume of
U.S. bonds
and their
cost.
$1.000
500
100
50
20
10
5
None.
For all
dues ex-
ce pt du-
ties and
Interest
on public
debt.
For silver
and minor
coins.
In lawful
money at
t r e a sury
or bank of
issue.
Subsidiary
coins
385.8
gr.to
dol-
lar.
900-1000
14.953
tol.
Needs of
the coun-
try.
50c
25o
lOc
Not to ex-
ceed $10.
To amo'nt
of $10 for
all dues.
For minor
coins.
In lawful
money at
treasury
in sums of
fJO or any
multiple.
Minor
coins
5-ct.
pcs..
rr.ifi
gr.
l-ct.
pcs..
48 gr.
5c-
copper
% nick-
el.
lc-95
% cop-
per. 656
tin and
zinc.
Needs of
the coun-
try.
5c
Ic
Not to ex-
ceed 25c.
To amo'nt
of 25c for
all dues.
In lawful
money at
treasury
in sums of
$20orover.
Duties on Imports by regulation only.
GOLD AND SILVER.
COINS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Authority for coining and changes In weight and fineness. total amount coined, legal-tender
quality.
GOLD COINS.
DmMe Eagles Authorized to be coined, act
of March 3. 1849; weight, 516 grains; fineness,
.9UO. Total amount coined to June 30, 1897,
$1,337,498,040. Full legal tender.
Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight. 270 grains; fineness, .916%;
weight changed, act of June 28, 1834, to 2o8
grains; fineness changed, act of June 28, 1834,
to .899225; fineness changed, actof Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900. Total amount coined to June 30, 1897,
$274.581,286. Full legal tender.
Half-Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 135 grains; fineness, .9162$:
weight changed, act of June 28, 1834, to 129
grains; fineness changed, actof June 28, 1834,
to .899225; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18,
1837. to .900. Total amount coined to June 30,
1897. 1824,370,045. Full legal tender.
Quarter-Euule Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2
weight, 67.5 grains; fineness.
.916%; weight changed, actof June 28, 1834, to
64. 5 grains; fineness changed, act of June 28,
1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined to June
30. 1897, $28,770.880. Full leaal tender.
Three-Doctor Piece Authorized to be coined,
actof Feb. 21, 1853; weight, 77.4 grains; fine-
ness. .900; coinage discontinued, act of Sept.
26. 1890. Total amount coined, $1,619,376. Full
legal tender.
One Dollar Authorized to be coined, act
March 3, 1849; weight, 25.8 grains; fineness, .9UO;
coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26, 1890. Total
amount coined, $19,499.337. Full legal tender.
SILVER COINS.
Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 416 grains; fineness, .892.4;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to 412^
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900; coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 12,
1873. Total amount coined to Feb. 12, 1873,
$8.031,238. Coinage reauthorized, act of Feb. 28,
1878. Coinage discontinued after July 1, 1891,
except for certain nurposes, act July 14, 1890.
Amountcoined to June 30. 1897, $460,024,980. Full
legal tender except when otherwise provided
In the contract.
Trade Dollar Authorized to be coined, act
of Feb. 12, 1873; weight, 420 grains; fineness,
.9(10; legal tender limited to $a, act of June 22,
1874(rev. stat. ); coinage limited to export de-
mand and legal-tender quality repealed, joint
resolution, July 22, 1876; coinage discontinued,
act Feb. 19, 1887. Total amount coined, $35,-
965.924.
Half-Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 208 grains; fineness, .892.4;
weight changed, act of Jan, 18, 1837, to 206J4
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900; weight changed, actof Feb. 21, 1853, to
192 grains; weight changed, act of Feb. 12, 1873,
to 12^j grams, or 192.9 grains. Total amount
coined to June 30, 1897, $134,033,195. Legal
tender, $10.
Columbian Half-Dollar Authorized to be
coined, actof Aug. 5,1892; weight, 192.9 grains;
fineness, .900. Total amount coined, $2,501,-
062.50. Legal tender, $10.
QHarter-jboUiir Authorized to be coined, act
Of April 2. 1792; weight, 104 grains; fineness,
.892.4; weight changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837, to
Kf% grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18,
1837. to .900: weight changed, act of Feb. 21,
18J3, to 96 grains; weight changed, actof Feb.
12. 1873. to 6J< grams, or !*;.45 grains Total
amount coined to June 30, 1897, $52,395,052.
Legal tender, #10.
Cofanbiiin Quarter-DoUai Authorized to be
coined. act of March ;>, 1893; weight, 96.45 grains;
fineness, .900. Total amount coined, $10,005.75.
Legal tender, $10.
Twenty-Cent Piece Authorized to be coined,
act of March 3, 1875; weight, 5 grams, or 77.16
grains; fineness. .900; coinage prohibited, act
of May 2. 1878. Total amount coined. $271.000.
Dime Authorized to be coined, act of April
2. 1792; weight, 41.6 grains; fineness, .892.4;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to 41J<
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837,
to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853, to
38.4 grains: weight changed, act of Feb. 12,
1873. to 2% grams, or 38.58 grains. Total amount
coined to June 30, 1897, $29,428,613.90. Legal
tender. $10.
Half-Dime Authorized to be coined, act of
April2. 179.'; weight, 20.8 grains; fineness. .892.4;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837, to 20%
grains; fineness changed, act or Jan. 18. 1857.
to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853, to
19.2 grains; coinage discontinued, act of Feb.
12. 1873. Total amount coined, $4,880,219.40.
Three-Cent Piece Authorized to be coined,
actof March 3. 1851; weight. 12?g grains; fine-
ness, .750; weight changed, act of March 3,
1353, to 11.52 grains; fineness changed, act of
March 3, 1853, to .900; coinage discontinued, act
of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount coined. $1,282,-
087.20.
MINOR COINS.
five-Cent (nick'l) Authorized to be coined,
act of May_ 16, 1866; weight, 77.16 grains, com-
posed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per cent
nickel. Total amount coined to June 30. 1897.
$14,902.054.75. Legal tender for $1, but reduced
to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12, 1873.
Three-Cent (nickel) Authorized to be coined,
actof March 3, 1865; weight, 30 grains, com-
posed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per cent
nickel. Total amount coined. $941,349.48. Le-
gal tender for 60 cents, but reduced to 25 cents
by act Feb. 12, 1873. Coinage discontinued, act
of Sept. 26, 1890.
Two-Cent (bronze) Authorized to be coined,
actof April 22, 1864; weight, 96 grains, com-
posed of 95 per cent copper and 5 per cent tin
and zinc. Coinage discontinued, act of Feb.
12, 1873. Total amount coined, $912,020.
Cent (copper) Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2. 1792; weight, 264 grains; weight
changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 206 grains;
weight changed by proclamation of the presi-
dent, Jan. 26, 1796. In conformity with act of
March 3, 1795, to 168 grains: coinage discon-
tinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total amount
coined, $1,562,887.44.
Cent (nickel) Authorized to be coined, act of
Feb. 21, 1857; weight, 72 grains, composed of 88
per cent copper and 12 per cent nickel. Coin-
age discontinued, actof April 22, 1864. Total
amount coined, $2,007,720.
Cent (bronze) Coinage authorized, act of
April 22, 1864; weight, 48 grains, composed of
95 per cent copper and 5 per cent tin and zinc.
Total amount coined to June 30, 1897, $8,448,
600.48. Legal tender, 25 cents.
Half-Ce lit (copper) Authorized to be coined,
act of April 2, 1792; weight. 132 grains; weight
changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 104 grains;
weightchanged by proclamation of the presi-
dent, Jan. 26. 1796, in conformity with act of
March 3, 1795, to 84 grains; coinage discon-
tinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total amount
coined, $39.926.11.
TOTAL COINAGE.
Gold . . . .$1,886,338.1)58.00
720,792,129.75
28.814.558.26
Total. .$2,635,945,646.01
Silver...
Minor...
COINAGE 1897.
Gold $71,tHti,705.00
Silver 24,8-J7,78ti.B5
Minor 964.509.59
Total "97. $96,959,001.24
82 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOE 1899.
COINAGE OF NATIONS.
COUNTRIES.
1894.
1895.
1896.
Gold.
Silver.
Gold.
Silver.
Gold.
Silver.
United States
$79,546,160
554,107
27,633,807
35,203,648
$9,200,351
29,481,033
4,002,657
2,288,564
$59,616.358
504,193
18.547.229
33,695,008
$5.698,010
24,832,351
5,776,584
4,b44,935'
1,544,000
1,826,038
3,696,192
$47,053.060
565,985
23.402,560
34,602,786
$23,089.899
21,092.397
6,470,352
""5,579,692
Great Britain
Australasia ,
1,897,395
37,433,154
2,315,481
772,000
1,067,945
233,861
41,365
20,845,337
25.588,334
38,590,432
21,719,880
25,133.476
10,284
Germany
2,718,368
30,985,566
Russiat
Finland
40.395,456
10,742,232
18,208,728
9,056,188
33,898,739
7.904,911
771.800
5,386.!t42
18.39!UH-,2
1,900,800
428.130
67,000
109,007
Spain
3,946,225
205,649
1,576.440
24,131,363
478,440
1,515,000
23,883.505
119,880
1,125,000
70,897
160,800
120,600
135,692
140,700
80,400
165,239
46,443
121,593
896,921
Switzerland
465,516
84,403
579,000
450.018
772,000
3,420,717
44,390
414,483
1,544,000
50,114
1,930
7,473
562,770
878
12.000
1,700,000
8,638,630
12,542.772
347
140.000
98,000
Turkey
Egypt.. ....
Abyssinia
30,759
Hongkong
China
2,100,000
6,000,000
1,532,087
2,200,000
8,253,340
Indo-China
6,092,709
347
Tunis
232
- 347
144,518
232
232
Canada
58.000
12.517
718,753
Haiti
730,285
Argentina
982.715
Bolivia
1,508,087
2,704,&31
Peru
4,360,153
4,073,270
Colombia
8,252
Ecuador
83,308
1,102,073
169,798
193,000
Chile. . .
121.779
8,353,212
4,243,919
1,000.000
500,000
30,000
5,424,686
677,877
Uruguay
Guatemala
3,561,988
50,000
9,733
145
British Honduras
British West Indies
Puerto Rico. . .
8,389,222
167,240
899
German East Africa
93,097
47,608
11,900
386000
Monaco
386,000
Straits Settlements
Congo State
306,000
96,500
327.337
450,446
453.554
193,000
589,985
Morocco.. .. ..
354,630
Bulgaria
579,0! W
2,816.224
Roumania
579000
Ceylon
142 1 10
236850
Htam., , d ,
2,338,288
2,589,823
3,322,752
Total
227,921,032
113,095.788
2:51,087.438
121,610,219
195,899,517
153,395,740
*Rupee calculated at coining rate, $0.4737.
tSilver ruble calculated at coining rate. ifO.7718.
JFlorin calculated at coining rate, $0.4062, under the coinage act of August 2, 1892.
GOLD AND SILVER. 83
VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS, OCT. 1, 1898.
[Prepared by the Director of the Mint.]
COUNTRIES.
Standard.
Monetary unit.
Value
Oct. 1, W8.
Argentina
Gold and silver
Gold
Peso
$.96.5
.20.3
.19.3
.43.6
.54.6
1.00.0
46.5
.43.6
.36.5
.70.6
.70.4
.67.5
.69.0
.65.3
.71.8
.66.0
!67!9
.64.5
.65.2
.71.0
.68.4
.43.6
.92.6
.26.8
.43.6
4.94.3
.19.3
.19.3
.23.8
4.86.6^
.19.8
.96.5
.20.7
.19.3
.49.8
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Gold and silver
Silver
Gold
Kranc
Boliviano
Milreis
British possessions, N. A. (except
Newfoundland)
Gold
Dollar
Central American States-
Costa Rica
Gold
Colon
Silver. ....'
Peso
Nicaragua I
Gold and silver
Silver
Peso
Salvador
Chile
China
Chin Kiang....
Fuchau
Haikwan (cus-
Colombia
Silver
Hongkong
Nichwang
Shanghai
Tientsin
Peso
Cuba
Denmark
Gold and silver
Gold
Peso
Crown
Ecuador
Silver
Sucre
Egypt
Gold
Pound (100 piasters)
Mark
Finland
Gold
France
Franc . ..
German empire
Gold
Mark
Gold
Greece... .
Gold and silver
Gold and silver
Silver ...
Drachma
Gourde
Haiti
India
Italv
Lira ...
Japan
Gold and silver*
Gold
Yen SGold
Liberia
Dollar
1.00.0
.47.4
.40.2
1.01.4
.26.8
.08.0
.43.6
1.08.0
.61.5
Mexico
Silver
Dollar
N etherlands
Gold and silver
Gold /
Gold
Silver
Florin
Dollar
Crown
Newfoundland
Norway..
Persia
Peru
Sol..
Portugal
Gold . ...
Milreis
Russia
Silver!
Spain :
Sweden
Gold and silver
Gold
Peseta
Crown
.19.3
.26.8
Tripoli
Silver
Turkey
Gold
Piaster
.04.4
1.03.4
.19.3
Uruguay
Gold
Peso
Venezuela
Gold and silver
Bolivar
*Gold the nominal standard. Silver practically the standard.
t Silver the nominal standard. Paper the actual currency, the depreciation of which is
measured by the gold standard.
JThe "British dollar" has the same legal value as the Mexican dollar in Hongkong, the
Straits settlements and Labaun.
l he law of February 11, 1895, introduced the gold standard, with an ideal gold peso
weighing .599 grams as the monetary unit.
84 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
FAILURES IN THE
Quarterly statements of failures a
(From Dunn's Re
FIRST QUARTER.
Years. Number. Amount. Average.
1875 1,982 $43,173,000 $21,782
1876 2,806 64,644,000 23,039
1877 2,869 64,538,074 19,010
1878 3,355 82,078,826 24,464
1879 2,524 43,112,665 17,081
1880 1,432 12,777,074 8,922
UNITED STATES,
nd average of liabilities, 1875-1898.
view, New York.)
Years. Number. Amount.
1885 2173 23,874,391
Average.
10,986
14,090
37,67?
9,366
17,235
16,144
16,086
9,405
20,402
10,028
11,528
19,507
9,977
9,886
$29,475
17,064
21,117
20,651
12.775
16,474
17.600
17,394
19.902
14^547
10.416
13,467
14,152
10,738
14,561
26,784
15.428
11,549
19,770
10,172
13.924
12,762
10,150
$25,960
21,020
21,491
22,369
14,741
13,886
14,530
15,070
18.823
20,632
11,678
11,651
17,392
11,595
13.672
17.406
15,471
11,025
22.751
12,458
13,12*
14,992
11,559
1886 1,932 27,227,630
1887 1,938 73,022,556
1888 2,361 22,114,254
1889 2,276 39,227,045
1890 2,196 35,452,436
1891 2,754 44,302,494
1892 1,984 18,659,235
1882 2,127 33,338,271 15,670
1883 2,821 38,372,643 13,602
1884 3,296 40,186,978 12,193
1885 3,658 46,121,051 12,608
1886 3,203 29,681,726 9,266
1887 3,007 32,161,762 10,695
1888 2948 38884,789 13,190
1893 4,015 82,469,821
1894 2,868 29,411.196
1895 2,792 32.167,179
1896 3,757 73,285,349
1897 2,903 28,963,261
1898 2,540 25,104,778
FOURTH QUARTER.
1875 2 405 $70 888 000
1889 . 3 311 42 972 516 12 979
1890 3223 37852968 11,747
1876 . . 2 042 34 844 893
1891 3,545 42,167,631 11,894
1877 2307 48717680
1892 3,384 39,284,349 11.609
1878 1,800 37,172,003
1893 3202 47338300 14,784
1879 1338 17094113
1894 4,304 64,137,333 14,900
1880 1,259 20,741,815
1895 3802 47813683 12,577
1881 1692 30096922
1896 4,031 57,425,135 14,246
1882 1,841 32,023,751
1897... 3932 48007911 12210
1883 2 744 54 612 254
1898 3,687 32,946,565 8,936
1884 3,112 45,324324
SECOND QUARTER.
1875 1,582 $33667000 $21,295
1885 2,460 25,623,575
1886 2746 36982029
1887 2 784 39 400 296
1876 1794 43771000 24398
1888 3 129 33 601 560
1877 1880 45068097 23.972
1889 3*003 43 728*439
1878 2,470 48,753,940 19,738
1890 3 326 89 085 144
1879 1534 22666725 14,776
191 3 445 63 149 877
1880 1,065 20,111,689 18,884
1892 2 867 33 111 252
1881 1105 16499395 14931
1893 4 826 95 430 5 9 9
1882 1,470 17,242649 11.722
1894 3 979 41 848 354
1883 1 816 27 816 391 15 317
1895 3 748 52 188 737
1884 2,214 84 2j)4 304 37,998
1896 4 305 54 941 803
1885 2,346 28,601,304 12,091
1897 3649 37038096
1886 1,953 20752734 15746
TOTAL FOR THE YEAR.
1875 7,740 $201,060.333
1876 9,092 191,117,786
1877 8,872 190,669,936
1878 10,478 234,383,132
1879 6,668 98,149,053
1880 4,735 65,752,000
1887 1,905 22,976,330 12,061
1888 2,241 29,229,370 13,043
1889 2,292 22,856.337 9,972
1890 2,162 27,466,416 12,704
1891 2,529 50,248,636 19,868
1892 2,119 22,989,331 10,849
1894 2,734 37,595,973 13,751
1895 2,855 41,026,261 14,370
1896 2,995 40,444,547 13.504
1897 2,889 43,684,876 15.121
1898 3,031 34,498,074 11,381
THIRD QUARTER.
1875 1,771 $54,328,000 $30.676
1881 5,682 81,155.932
1882 6,738 101,547,564
1883 9,184 172,874,172
1884 10,968 226,343.427
1885 10,637 124,220,321
1886 9,834 114,644,119
1887 9634 167560944
1888 10,679 123,829,973
1876 2460 47857371 19533
1889 10 882 148 784 337
1877 1,816 42,346085 23318
1890 10.907 189.856.964
1878 2853 66378363 23266
1891 12,273 189868638
1879 1,262 15,275550 1210*
1892 10,344 114,044167
1880 979 12121422 12381
1893 15 242 346 779 889
1881 1,024 10112365 9875
1894 13.885 172,992856
1882 1300 18.942893 14571
1895 13 197 173 196 060
1883 1,803 52072884 28*881
1896 15,088 226096834
1884 2346 $56627821 24138
1SQ7 .. 13.351 1f>4 33* 071
TELEPHONES OF THE WORLD.
Electrical Engineering, of Chicago, publishes the following list of the number of tele-
phones in use in various countries. It is compiled from the latest statistics.
Angola, Province of 200 England 75,000 Roumania 400
Austria 20 (XX) Finland . finnn Knssi.i isnm
Australia 2.000 France
Bavaria 15.000 Germany
Belgium 11.000 Holland
35,000 Senegal
140,000 Spain
... 100
12000
12.000 Sweden
10 (UK) Swit.zprlnnd.
... 50.000
30 ft
British India 2,000 Hungary.
Bulgaria 300 Italy . .. . 14,000 Tunis ....
300
Cape of Good Hope... . 600 Japan . . ... 3 50) United States
900 000
Cochin China 200 Luxemburg 2 Wurttemberg
7000
Cuba . 2 500 Norway 16 OX)
.1,402,100
Denmark 15.0001 Portugal 2,000 Total No. subscribers
RAILROAD BUILDING. 85
RAILROAD BUILDING.
[From Poor's Railroad Manual.]
Number of miles of railroad In operation In each state and territory of the United States dur-
ing the years ended Dec. 31, named in the heading.
STATES AXD GROUPS
OF STATES.
1880.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1893.
1897.
New England.
Maine
1,005
1,015
914
1,915
210
923
5,982
1,377.47
1,146.89
088^45
2,096.69
234.43
1,006.64,
6,840.57
1.383.26
1,144.88
1.0H1.91
2,100.32
223.48
1,006.54
6,860.39
1,101.64
1,061.33
995.01
2,126.69
223.48
1,086.54
6,914,69
1.515.00
1,155.88
986.54
2,121.26
227.46
1,013.22
7,019.36
1.621.38
1,170.38
975.36
2,124.76
225.95
1,013.22
7,131.05
1.704.71
1,178.44
974.99
2,126.05
226.37
1,014.09
7,224.65
1,754.77
1,173.54
98574
2,120.29
2^.03
1,003.15
7,265.52
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Total
Middle Atlantic.
5,991
1,684
6,191
275
1,040
15,181
7,745.85
2,062.81
8,700.58
314.95
1,270.04
20.66
20,114.89
7,765.22
2,132.41
8,919.98
320.12
1,269.44
20.66
20,427.83
8.116.10
2,201.91
9,159.45
314.94
1,289.44
20.66
21,102.50
8,110.51
2,176.10
9,435.56
315.44
1,300.80
20.66
21,359.07
8,148.10
2,'5.05
9,511.21
315.44
1,292.67
22.66
21,495.13
8,205.26
2,208.07
9.661.54
315.44
1,291.54
22.88
21.704.73
8,241.15
2.229.9S
9,!K.49
349.10
1,315.04
22.88
22,123.64
Pennsylvania
Delaware
District of Columbia. J
Total
Ventral Northern.
Ohio
5.792
3,988
4,373
7,851
3,155
25,109
7.987.99
7,10H.15
1,106.19
10,129.65
5,614.95
36.944.93
8,167.63
7,187.44
6,135.25
10,189.38
5,785.61
37,465.31
8.35T.88
7,440.95
6,292.12
10,439.53
5,927.97
38,362.45
8,558.74
7.492.33
6,321.07
10.428.19
5,970.07
38,770.40
8,574.48
7,474.81
6,390.56
10.564.90
6,031.48
39,036.23
8,699.12
7,561.89
6,416.03
10,610.59
6,106.89
39,393.52
8,766.79
7,823.11
6.421.37
10.785.-I3
6,315.44
40,112,14
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
Wisconsin
Total
South Atlantic.
Virginia
1,893
691
1.4S6
1.427
2,459
518
8,474
3,367.65
1,433.30
3.128.17
2,:6.65
4,592.83
2,489.52
17,308.12
3,573.64
1,547.11
3,205.46
2,491.06
4,870.25
2,566.87
18,254.39
3,576.69
1,806.19
3,229.57
2,545.30
4,946.39
2,676.88
19,781.02
3,590.99
1.883.33
3,353.31
2,561.72
5,083.02
2,840.26
19,312.63
3,575.18
1,976.99
3,371.25
2.617.13
6,140.68
2,978.74
19.659.97
3,603.38
2,075.16
3,397.45
2.622.55
6.210.04
3,059.05
19,967.63
3,628.70
2,161.19
3,477.65
2,666.07.
5,414.01
3,149.13
20,496.75
AVest Virginia
South Carolina.
Georgia
Florida
Total
Gulf and Miss. Valley.
Kentucky
1,530
1,843
1,843
1,127
652
6,995
2,94638
2,962.45
2,997.23
3,051.25
3,091.43
3.627.89
2,459.22
1,992.84
14,222.63
3,029.95
3.124.28
3,633.56
2,487.55
2,067.35
14,342.69
3,656.28
3,116.54
3,064.45
2.497.78
2,107.08
14,442.13
3,086.09
3,106.82
3,806.75
2,645.08
2,274.19
14,918.93
Tenn essee
2,798.98
3,422.20
2,470.85
1,749.95
13,388.36
2.998.20
3,576.47
2,440.39
L880.01
13,855.52
8,064.36
3,595.76
2,448.37
1,967.09
14,072.71
Mississippi
Total
Southwestern.
Missouri
3,9fi5
859
3,244
3,400
1,570
758
2S9
14,085
6,142.02
2,213.44
8,709.85
8.900.11
4,291.11
1,388.77
1,260.65
32,905.95
6,178.45
2,304.95
8,812.67
8,890.87
4,441.33
1,423.82
1,272.08
33,324.17
6,360.56
2,310.67
9,040.73
8,8i.83
4,451.52
1,429.57
1,375.02
33,861.90
6,464.30
2,369.91
9.184.61
8,931.28
4,488.22
1,439.50
1,379.14
34,256.96
6,517.05
2,424.05
9,23096
8,872.16
4,538.86
1,510.36
1,384.28
34,477.72
6,571.58
2,439.20
9,434.12
8,875.26
4,503.19
1,505.03
1,152.50
431.17
34,912.04
6,695.41
2.650.69
9,579.64
8.S.I3.21
4,. r >75.86
1.502.07
1,202.03
484.97
35,533.88
Arkansas
Texas
Indian Territory )
Total
Northwestern.
Iowa
5,400
3,151
1,953
1,225
512
106
12,347
8,416.14
5,545.35
5,407.47
2,116.49
2,610.41
1,002.93
2.195.58
27,249.37
8,436.51
5,670.88
5.430.49
2,222.77
2,>99.92
1,048.71
2,290.82
27,800.10
8,506.00
5,874.08
5,524 28
2,315.24
2,707.89
1,150.13
2,667.87
28,745.49
8,513.44
5,944.58
5,564.32
2,517.20
2,792.15
1,157.62
2,721.63
29,210.94
8,508.27
6,039.70
6,541.36
2,528.16
2,797.41
1,177.93
2,824.61
29.417.44
8.523.13
6.057.67
6,54.>.27
2,531.71
2.8(10.80
1,177.93
2,828.55
29.405.06
8,513.91
6.176.76
6.538.73
2.603.95
2,801.41
1,177.93
2.906.90
29.719.50
Minnesota
North Dakota )
Total
Pacific.
2,195
508
289
739
349
842
206
5,128
98.29ti
4,336.45
1,455.53
1,998.65
923.18
1,014.81
1,265.49
946.11
12,020.22
4,484.63
1,503.52
2,309.23
923.18
1,079.57
1,335.66
959.68
12,613.47
4,623.65
1,521.82
2,722.13
423.23
1,161.97
1,356.59
1,073.29
13,382.68
4692.39
1,527.19
2,837.52
932.23
1,161.97
1,369.08
1,089.99
13,601.37
4,631.89
1,514.60
2,805.15
922.62
1,357.49
1,394.87
1,089.49
13,719.11
4.757.55
1.513.66
2,8:20.05
915.62
1,412.20
1,404.29
1,087.79
13,911.66
6,198.71
1.553.23
2,811.91
908.37
1,412.63
1,436.22
1,111.67
14,432.74
Utah
Total
United States
1(56,817.41
170.601. IS
175.223.44' 177.753.36
179.279.3t
181.061.42
1S4.6UC1.19
86 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL STATISTICS OF THE TTNITED STATES.
Upon a per capita basis 1869-97.
YEAR.
Popula-
tion.
June 1.
GOVERNMENT FINANCE (Per Capita).
GOLD AND SILVER.
Amount of
money in the
United
States.
Money in
circulation.
Debt, less cash
in treasury.
Interest paid.
Net ordinary
receipts.
Net ordinary
expenditures.
Dinuursem'ts
for pensions.
(Join value of
paper money,
July 1.
Commercial
ratio of silver
to gold.
sff!
2 C!T
11
Up
5 2"S
a S^s^s
1869
1870
1871
1S72
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
37,756,000
38.558.371
39,555.000
40.596,000
41.677.0IX)
42.796.000
43,951.000
45.137.000
46,353,000
47.59-l.UOO
48,866.000
50,155.783
51,316.000
52.495.000
53,693.0(10
54.911.000
56.148.000
57.404.000
54.680.000
69.974.000
$18.95
18.73
18.75
18.79
18.58
18.83
18.16
17.52
16.46
16.62
21.52
24.01
27.41
28.20
30.61
31.06
32.37
31.51
32.39
nisi
34.24
34.31
36.21
34.75
35.44
34.38
32 8(1
34:25
P17.60
17.50
18.10
18.19
18.04
18.13
17.16
16.12
15.58
i:> ::;:.'
16.75
19.41
21.71
22.37
22.91
22.65
23.02
21.82
22.45
22.88
22.52
23:41
24.44
23.8!
24.33
22.116
21.10
22.49
B64.43
60.46
56.81
52.96
50.52
49.17
47. 53
45.66
43.56
42.01
40. a5
38.27
35.46
r.i.'.n
38:66
26.20
21.50
22.31
20.03
17.72
15 92
14.22
13.32
12.86
12.55
13 17
12. 93
13.41
13.63
$3.32
3JIS
2.83
2.56
2.35
2.31
2.20
2.11
2.01
1.99
1.71
1.59
1.46
1.09
.96
.87
.84
.79
.71
.65
.53
.47
.37
.35
.34
.37
.44
.49
.47
$9.K
10.6'
9.61
9.25
8.0]
7. 1C
6.5J
6.55
6.0"
5.41
5.6(
6.6;
7.0
7.64
7.3'
6.2'
5.7'
5.7t
6.2(
6.3:.
6.01
6.44
6.14
5.4U
5.7'
4.3t
4 41
4.51
4.7J
$8.55
8.03
7.39
6.84
6.97
7.07
6.25
5.87
5.21
4.98
5.46
5.34
5.07
4.89
4.90
4.39
4.64
4.15
4.47
4.33
4.38
4.75
5.55
5.28
6.87
6.48
5.11
4.94
5.02
$0.78
.72
.84
.74
.70
.71
.68
.63
.62
.56
.69
i.14
.98
1.03
1.13
1.04
1.17
1.13
1.27
1.33
1.45
1.71
1.85
2.16
2.37
2.07
2.03
1.96
1.94
$0.73.5
.85.6
.89
.87.5
.86.4
.91
.87.2
.89.5
.94."
.99.4
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
15.60
15.57
15.57
15.63
15.92
16.17
16.59
17.88
17.22
17.91
18.40
18.05
18.16
18.19
18.64
18.57
19.41
20.78
21.13
21.99
22.10
19.76
20.92
23.72
26.49
32.56
31.60
30.32
34.28
J1.325
1.328
1.326
1.322
1.298
1.278
1.246
1.156
1.201
1.152
1.123
1.145
1.138
1.136
1.110
1.113
1.065
.995
.978
.939
.935
1.046
.988
.871
.780
.635
.654
.682
.604
'io.'gO
.86.7
.88.5
.88.1
.87.9
.86.5
.86.1
.84.5
.79.8
.76
.74
.72.1
.74.9
.80.6
.72.4
.65
.49.1
.50.6
.52.8
.46.8
1830..
1831..
1882
1883
1834....
1885
1886....
1887
1888..
1889. ..
61.289.000
(i2.tS2.250
63.975,(X)0
65.403,000
66,820.000
68.275,000
69,753,000
71,263.000
72,807.000
1890....
1891
1892
1893... .
1894 . .
1895
1896
1897
YEAR.
COINAGE
PER
CAPITA
OF
PRODUC-
TION PEK
CAPITA
OF
Imports per capita .
Exports per capita .
INTERN'L
REVENUE
Merchandise im-
ported for con-
sumption, per cap.
CUSTOMS
REVENUE.
Duty collected
per capita.
Average ad
valorem
rate of duty
Expenses of
collecting.
<
i
35
2
"5
O
1
Collected
per capita.
If
is
^
W
On duti-
able.
On free
and du-
tiable.
1869 . . .
$0.47
.a
.5b
.54
1.3'
.85
.7J
1.0
1 (V
SO.ft
.04
.Ot
.01
111
.3!
.54
.6
.
$1.31
1.9
1.1
.8
.8t
.7f
.7t
.&
1.0
1.*
$0.32
.41
.71
a
'.V
.75
.8t
.a
.9J
$0.53
.68
.54
.34
.52
.66
.48
.35
.83
.63
$1.51
1.51
2.49
1.97
2.03
1.56
2.10
1.25
1.21
.71
$4.19
4.79
3.62
3. 22
2.75
2.39
3.52
2.59
2. 56
2.32
$4.5'
3.9.
5.3(
4.3f
4.6
4.4(
3.8<
3.3*
2.9<
2 91
($10.4.5
11.06
) 12.65
> 13.80
) 15.91
) 13.2.
) 11.97
i 10.29
> 9.49
> 9.21
$4.68
4.9b
5.12
5 23
$47.22
47.08
43.16
41.35
38.07
38. 53
40.62
44.74
42.89
42 75
$44.65
42. -j;;
38:94
37.00
26. "5
26.88
28.20
30.19
26.68
27.13
$2.99
3.20
3.18
3.21
3.76
4.49
4.47
4.53
4.96
4.47
1 1870
1871
1H72
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
4.44
3.75
3.51
B.M
2.77
2.67
1870
a
.5(
84
.42
.51
2.32
2.47
2.61
z'.'d
2.21
2.00
2.03
2.02
2.07
2.13
2 28
3.K
2.9
3.2
5:o
3.4
3.4
3.01
3.2 1
2.9 1
2.8!
2.6,
) 8.99
> 12.51
) 12.63
) 13.64
ii 13.05
' 12.16
2 10.32
i 10.89
2 11 65
2 11.88
< 12.10
> 12 35
2 7J
3'.64
3.78
4.12
3.92
3.47
3.17
3.30
3.65
3.60
3.60
3 62
44.87
43.48
43.20
42.66
42.45
41.61
45.86
45.55
47.10
45. 63
45.13
44 41
28.'.'-.
29.07
29.75
30.11
29.112
28 -i, 4
kus
31.02
29.99
29.50
29 12
3.96
3.23
3.22
2.95
3.07
3.44
3.58
3.33
3.16
3.27
3.14
2.98
1880
18S1
1.24
i.a
:54
.44
.41
.51
.4
.5;
.54
.K
.5<
.5;
.5
.5t
.6(
.75
.ts
.6*
.5f
.5t
.5'
.6
.5(
.7*
.84
.81
.8'
.81
.91
.8!
.9
1.85
2.16
.81
.53
.68
i!d
.99
.47
54
.34
.38
.94
.59
1.22
Iffl
i!si
83
1882
1883
1884...
18S5
1886
188?
1888..
V
5'
.5!
.X
5'
.91
l.lk
1.1;
1KS9
1890
.3.
.S
,|
.5i
6!
18111
. i
5i
i if
57
1 70
2 28
2 7
> 13 36
3 39
46 28
25 25
3 17
18!
189.3
1894
18! 15
.i
.&
1.1
.&
.a
.!<
.1;
.1;
.0;
.3,
.51
.5,
5,
'.5(
.7:
1.1,
i. if
i.i'
1.1
1.0-
1.07
.67
1.24
.81
1 27
2.24
1.87
1.63
3.35
2.41
2:15
2.0(
2. Of
2.01
2.5
2.5
2.5,
2.6 1
2.6"
2.41
2 12.44
1 12.64
) 9.32
2 10.48
2 10.66
i 10.84
2. fib
2.97
1.90
2.14
2.20
2.43
48.71
49., >
50 (V
41.75
40.18
42.41
21.26
23.4'J
20:23
20.67
21.89
3.75
3.32
5.15
4.43
4.52
4.01
181*6
1897
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL.
87
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL STATISTICS OF THE U. S.-CONTINUEn.
.Domestic
merehandite.
LI
I &*
Per cent of domestic
products exported.
CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA OF
1809.
1S70.
1S71.
is?'.'.
is::;.
is7i.
is-:,.
ISVli.
isr?.
ls?8.
IS79.
isso.
ISsi.
IMS",'.
is,-:),
issi.
1SS;V
1SSO.
issr.
IS'JO..
1SW.,
is;i
1893..
IS'.U..
1S95..
1896..
1897..
$7.
9.T7
10. s:;
10.55
12.12
13.31
11.30
11.04
12 72
14.30
11.29
16.43
17.23
13. 9T
14.98
13. -20
12.94
11.60
11.98
11.40
11.92
13.50
13.63
15.53
12.44
12.73
11.37
12.11
14.171
Per ct.
75.35
78.40
70.74
'4.13
76.10
79.37
76.95
71.6"
72. 63
77.07
78.
57.01
67.44
05.47
22.50
22.8
10.8,s
20.81
3. CO
70.03 32.54
70.69 23.00
25.34
19.73
71.23 25.29
35.16
83.25 65.73 40.18
3' __
67.23 31.82
82.63 68.47
3.86
5.66
71.47
6.43 61.17
75.31
77.00 67.20^ 29.33
73.98 ~
72.96
72.82
74.40 68.71
67.56 26.49
68.96 25.86
5.46
3.71
2.58
58.85
47.22
2.99 62.35
2.95 67.24
3.35 76.07
2.48 60.13
72.87
74.51
73.69
21.31
22.31
67.361 26.60
.13
37.20
72.28 71.20 41.47
69.73 69.83 31.46
1.74
3.57
57.77
06.02
66.23
65.00 27.07
70.59) 33.93
03.30
5IUI9
45.10
2.36 50.76
8.78 43.34
Lbs.
IL'.SS
12.82
14.10
11.10
15.19
.
11.90
14.77
14.03
13.71
15.90
18.94
19. C,4
10. i.-,
:.'I),MI
16.30
15.16
19.59
16. S4
19.59
.._ 22.62
4.69 27.40
4.79 21
3,i.O
Lbs.
6.4
6.00
4.89
5.01
20.95
18.00
28.14
20.13
5.72 20.3
5.58 26.61
5.35 28.88
6.09 31.64
17.22
18.50
2-.'. i r.'
24.03
17.07
15.91
J.MS
18.46
18.40
4.98
6.64
5.17
5.62
21.92
29.24
31.04
35.
42.9
61.8
5.34
31.28
32.09
22.79
30.33
4.85 23.66
22.76
4.541 16.98
4.78 14.73
51.8
63.4
6.87
6.59
7.08
7.33
6.94
6 24
7.42
8.30
8.91
9.26
9.60
8.01
9.95
Lbs.
1.08
1.10
1.14
1.46
1.53
1.27
1.44
1.35
1.23
1.33
1.21
1.39
1.54
1.47
l.:ki
1.09
1.18
1.37
1.49
1.40
1.29
1.33
1.29
1.37
1.32
1.34
1.38
1.31
1.55
2^07
1.02
1.08
1.
1.51
1.50
1.33
1.28
1.09
1.11
1.27
1.38
1.40
1.46
1.48
1.26
1.26
1.21
.
1.00
1.01
Gal.
5.21
5.31
6.10
6.66
7.21
7.00
6.71
6.83
6.58
6.68
7.05
8.26
8.65
10.03
10.27
10.74
10.02
11.20
.
13.67
15 28
l.VIO
.
14.95
15.10
TEAK.
CONSUMPTION
OF RAW WOOL
POSTOFFICB
DEPARTMENT.
PUBLIC
SCHOOLS.
;"&
11
II
1*70.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1S74 .
IS; 5.
1870 .
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1NS2.
1.SS3 .
issi .
1885.
ls.so .
ISS? .
18SS.
Iss'.l .
1890 .
1891 .
1S92 .
ls;i:; .
1S94 .
1895 .
law .
1897.
Lbs.
5.78
5.43
5.73
6.75
5.67
4.81
5.28
5.21
5.16
5.28
5.03
0.11
5.06
0.36
6.62
6.85
6.69
7.39
6.68
6.31
6.33
0.03
6.43
0.72
7.05
5.08
6.h2
6.88
8.20
17.8
32.7
29.4
45.3
33.2
17.5
22.1
18.3
16.3
16.9
14.2
34.9
17.3
19.0
18.7
20.6
18.0
28.9
27.4
28.9
31.8
27.0
30.8
33.1
35.7
14.2
46.1
45.9
57.8
Per cent
--4.76
--2. 41
-- .as
--3.62
--5.82
--2.23
-- 1.10
-11.83
- .86
.70
1.02
-2.43
- .25
+ 2.66
-f 1.67
4- .84
.12
-3.16
- .60
--2. 10
--2.74
--2. 71
--5.88
--1.71
--1.26
-2.90
- 1.02
-4-1.47
+ 1.38
Per cent.
$5.2
35.6
31.9
29.2
26.4
27.2
26.2
27.7
26.9
26.3
23.0
17.4
16.5
15.8
16.0
17.2
15.3
15.5
14.3
14.0
14.3
12.9
12.5
12.3
12.2
13.3
11.7
12.0
11.0
.92
.97
1.03
1.08
1.14
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.11
J0.63
.66
.70
.75
.79
.74
.72
.72
.69
.73
.77
.77
.81
.91
.94
1.01
1.11
1.14
1.19
1.26
1.25
1.29
1 32
1.32
Millions.
12.1
12.3
12.6
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.7
14.0
14.4
14.7
15.1
15.4
15.7
16.0
16.4
16.7
17.1
17.4
17.8
18.2
18.5
18.8
19.2
19.6
20.1
20.4
20.9
(*)
$5.24
5.62
5.90
5.95
6.11
6.23
6.06
5.67
5.49
5.18
5.17
5.43
5.67
6.05
6.29
6.61
6.63
6.65
6.98
7.28
7.60
7.85
8.12
8.31
8.49
8.60
8.81
(*)
45.05
48.26
32.24
38.89
42. S3
28.00
19.70
14.33
11.67
11.12
14.02
35.45
67.71
66.92
50.44
42.58
31.96
26.61
38.41
42.26
34.06
34.16
41.41
43.63
35.34
21.70
21.19
22.73
14.09
88 CHICAGO DAILY Ts 7 EWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT, 1866-98.
REVENUE BY FISCAL YEARS.
YEAR
Customs.
Internal
revenue.
Direct
tax.
Sales of
public
lands.
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
Total
revenue.
Excess of
revenue
over ordi-
nary ex-
penditures
Prem' s on
loans and
sales of
gold coin.
Other mis-
cellaneous
items.
1866...
1867. . .
1868...
1869. .
1870. .
1871. .
1872. .
1873. .
1874...
1875...
1876...
1877. . .
1878. . .
1879. . .
1880. . .
1881. . .
1882...
1883. .
1884...
1885...
1886...
1887. . .
1888...
1889...
1890...
1891...
1892...
1893...
1894...
$179,046,652
176,417.811
164.464,000
180,048,427
194,538,374
206,270,408
216,370,287
188,089,523
163, 103,834
157,167,722
148.071,985
130.956,493
130,170,680
137,250,048
186,522,066
198,159,676
220,410,730
214,706,497
195,067,490
181.471,939
192,905,023
217,286,893
219,091,174
223,832,742
229,668,584
219,522.205
177,452,964
203,355,017
131,818,531
$309,226.813
266.027,537
191,087,589
158.356.461
184.899,756
143,05)8,154
130,642,178
113,729,314
102,409,785
110.007.494
116,700,7*2
118.630,408
110,581,025
113,561, till
124.009,374
135,264,386
146,497,595
144,720,309
121,586,073
112,498,726
116,805,936
118,8X5,891
124,296,872
130,881,514
142,600,705
145.686.249
153,971,072
161,027,624
147,111,232
$1,974,754
4,200.234
1,788,146
765,686
229,103
580,355
$665,031
1,163,576
1,348,715
4,020,344
3,350,482
2.388,047
2,675,714
2.882.312
1,852.429
1,413,640
1,129,467
976,254
1,079,743
924,781
1,016,507
2,201,863
4,753,140
7,955,864
9,810,705
5,705,986
5,630,999
9,254,286
11,202,017
8,038,652
6,358,272
4,029,535
$38,083.056
27,787,330
29,203,629
13,755,491
15,295,(>44
8,892,840
9,412,038
11,660,381
5.037,605
3,979,280
4,029,281
405,777
317.102
1,695,048
110
$29,036,314
15,037,522
17,745,404
13,997,339
12.942,118
22,093,541
15,100.051
17,101,270
17,075,043
15,431,915
17,456,776
18,031,0.55
15,614,728
20,585,697
21.978,525
25,154.851
31,703,043
30,796.695
21,984,882
21,014,055
20,989.528
20.005,815
24.674,446
24,297,151
24.447,419
23,374,457
20,251.872
18.253,898
17,118.618
16,700,438
19.180.060
23.614.422
85,602,501
$558,032,620
490,634,010
405,038,083
370,943,747
411,255,478
383,323.945
374.106.8S8
333,738,205
289,478,755
288.000.051
287.482,039
2ti9.000.587
257,763,879
23,827,184
333,520,611
3tW.782.293
403,525,259
398,287.582
348.519,870
323,690.706
336,439,727
371,403,278
379.266.075
387.050.059
41X5.080,982
392,612.447
354,397.734
a85.818.629
297.V22.019
313,390,075
326.9V6.200
347,721,905
405.321 .335
$37,223,203
133,091,335
28,297,798
48,078,4tB
101,001,917
91,146,757
96,588,905
43,392,959
2,344,882
13,376,658
29,022,242
30,340.578
20,7!I9.552
6,879,:501
65,883.653
100,069.405
145,543.811
132,879.444
104,393.026
63,403,771
93,950.58i)
103,471,088
111,341,274
87,701,081
85,040,272
26338,542
9,914,454
2,341.674
*69.803,200
'42,805.223
25.203.245
18.052.251
38.047.247
315,255
"'93,799
si
1,517
160,142
108,157
70,721
""108,240
32,892
1,566
3,261,870
3,182,090
1,673,637
1,103,347
1,005,523
864.581
1.243,129
1895...
1896...
1897...
1898...
152,158.617
160.021,751
176,554,106
149,575,062
143,421,672
146,762.864
146,668.774
170.U00.641
* Expenditures In excess of revenue.
EXPENDITURES BY FISCAL YEARS.
YEAR
CIVIL AND MISC'LLANEOUS
War
depart-
ment.
Navy
depart-
ment.
Indians.
Pensions.
Interest
on public
debt.
Total or di-
nar}/ ex-
penditures
Prem. on
loans, pur-
chase of
bonds, etc.
Other civil
and mis-
cellaneous
items.
1866...
1867. . .
1868...
1869. . .
1870. . .
1871...
1872...
1873...
1874...
1875. . .
$.18.477
10.813,349
7,001,151
1,674,680
15,996,556
9.016,795
6,958.267
5,106.920
1,395,074
$41,056,962
51,110.224
53,009,868
66,474,062
53.237,462
60,481.916
60,984,757
73,328,110
69,641,593
71.070,703
66,958,374
56,252.067
53,177,704
$284,449,702
95,224,416
123,246,649
78,501,991
57,655,675
35.799,992
35.372,157
46,323,138
42,315,927
41.120,640
38,070,8S9
37,082,736
32.154,148
$43,324,119
31,034,011
25,775,503
20,000,758
21,780,230
19,431,027
21.249,810
23.520,257
30,932.587
21,497,626
18.963.310
14,9:,9.935
17,365.301
$3,247,065
4,042,532
4,100,682
7,042,923
3,407,938
7,426,997
7,0:51,729
7,051,705
6,692,462
8,384,657
5,906,558
5,277,007
4,629,280
$15,605,352
20,93(5,552
23,782,387
28,476,662
28,340,202
34,443.895
28.533, 403
29,359,427
29,038,415
29,456,216
28,257,395
27,903,752
27,137,019
35,121,482
56,777,174
50,059,280
61,315,194
66,012,574
55,429,228
56,102^07
63,404,864
75,029.102
80.288.50i)
87,ti24,779
106,936,855
124,415,951
134.583.053
159.357,585
141.177,285
141,395,228
139.431,000
141,053.164
147.452.368
$133,067,742
143,781,59;!
140,424,040
130,694,243
129,235.498
125.570.500
117,357,840
104,750,688
107,119.815
103.093.545
100,243,271
97,124.512
102,500.875
105,327.949
95,757,575
82,508,741
71,077,207
59.160,131
54,578,378
61,386,256
50,580,146
47,741,577
44,715,007
41.001,484
30,099,284
87,547,135
23,378,116
27,264.392
27,841,406
30,978,030
35,385,028
37,791,110
37,585.055
$520,809,417
357,542.075
377,34I).'.',-.-)
322,865.278
309,653.561
292,177,188
277,517,963
290,345.245
287,133,878
274,623,393
258,459.7 -.17
338,600.009
236,9M.327
2ti6.947,883
267,042.'.i.\s
260,712,888
257,981,440
205,408.138
244.120.244
260,220.!):!5
242.483,1:58
267,932,180
267,924,h01
229.288.SI7*
318,040.711
306,7V.V.<".-,
345,02:i.:c;<
3S5.477.954
365.195.298
356,15)5.296
352.179,448
365.774,159
443,368,582
1876. . .
1877 .
1878. . .
1879. . .
65,741.555
54,713,530
64,416,325
57,219,751
68,678,022
70,920.434
87,494,258
74,166,93C
85,264,826
72,952,201
80,664,064
81,403,256
110,048,167
99,846,988
103,732,799
101,943,730
93,279,730
87.216.234
90.401,267
9ti,520,505
40,425,661
38,116,916
40.466,461
43,570,494
48,911,383
39,429.003
42,670,578
34,324,153
38,561,026
38.522.436
44,435,271
44,582,838
48.720,065
40,895.456
49,641,773
54.567.930
51.804,759
50,830,920
48.950.207
91,992.000
15,125,127
13,536,985
15,686,672
15,032,046
15.283,437
17,292,601
16,021,080
13,907,888
15,141,127
16,926,438
21,378,809
22,006,206
26,113.896
29,174.139
30.136,084
31.701,294
28,797.795
27,147,732
34,561,546
68,823,667
5,206,109
5,945,457
6,514,161
9,736,747
7,362,r 93
6,475,999
6,552.495
6,099, 15S
6,194.523
6,249,30S
6,892,208
6,708,047
8,527,469
11,150,578
13,345,347
10.293,482
9,939,754
12,165.528
13,016.802
10,994,667
1880...
1881...
1882...
18S3. . .
1884...
2,796.320
1,061,249
1885...
1886...
1887...
18S8. . .
1889...
1890...
1891...
1892 ..
8.270,842
17,292,363
90,304,244
10,401,221
1893. . .
1894
1895...
1896...
1897.
1898...
STATISTICS OF COAL PRODUCTION.
89
STATISTICS OF COAL PRODUCTION.
By Edward W. Parker, U. S. Geological Survey.
COAL PRODUCT OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1897, BY STATES.
STATE.
No. of
mines.
Total
product.
Short tons.
Av.
price
per ton.
Av.No.
of days
active.
Av.Jfo.
of em-
pVyes.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Alaska
Colorado
Georgia
Idabo
Ne braska
Illinois
Indiana
Indian Territory
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Missouri
Montana
New Mexico
North Carolina..
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia..
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming
Total bituminous
Pennsylvania anthracite.
Grand total....
97
2
2
310
115
19
162
71
109
25
13
105
22
15
20
350
8
f75
45
16
11
21
23
198
20
5,893,770
856,190
103,912
3,861.703
195,869
645
20,072,758
4,151,169
1.336.380
4,611,865
8,054.012
3,602,097
4,442.128
223,592
2,665.626
1,617.882
716,981
21,280
77.246
12,196,942
101,755
54.597.S91
$5,192.085
903,993
265,236
3,947.186
140,466
2,150
14,472,529
3,472,348
1.787.35H
6,219.503
3.1.02 326
639,341
521.560
1.538,302
1,484,112
14.248,159
2,597.886
3,363.996
325.416
2,887.884
2,897.408
991.611
27.000
83,803
9,535.409
313,890
37,636.347
2,329.534
972,323
618,230
1,021.918
2,777,687
8,987,393
3.136,694
$0.88
1.06
2.55
x :rl
3.33
.72
.84
1.34
1.13
1.18
.79
.76
1.46
1.08
1.76
1.38
1.34
1.08
.78
3.09
.69
.81
1.52
1.19
.67
1.94
.63
1.21
233
161
180
804
185
170
176
201
194
178
262
230
191
252
208
215
168
148
171
205
221
220
204
213
236
205
219
10,597
1,990
881
6,852
469
33,788
8,886
3,168
10,703
6,639
7,983
4,719
637
6.414
2,337
1,659
51
170
26,410
254
77.599
6.337
1,766
704
2,344
2,739
20.504
3,137
2,455
349
147,789,902
52,431,763
119,740,052
79,129.126
.81
1.51
196
150
248,144
149,557
2,804
200,221,665
198,869,178
397,701
THE WORLD'S PRODUCT OF COAX.
COUNTRY
Usual unit
in produc-
ing country.
Equivalent
in short
tons.
Great Britain (1897) long tons..
United States (1S97) do
Germany (1897) metric tons..
France (1896) do
Austria-Hungary ( 1896) do
Belgium (1896) do
Russia (1896) do
Canada (1897) short tons. .
J apan (1895) metric tons. .
Ind ia (1896) long tons. .
New South Wales (1897) do
Spain (1897) metric tons. .
New Zealand (1896) long tons. .
Sweden ( 1896) metric tons . .
Italy (1896) do
South African Republic (1897) long tons. .
Queensland <189M) do
Victoria (1896) do
Natal (1896) do
Cape Colony ( 1896) metric tons. .
Tasmania ( 1896) do
Other countries* long tons..
Total
Percentage of the United States
202,119.196
178.'(69,344
120,430.000
29,310.832
33,678.000
21.213.000
9.229,000
3.876.201
4.849.000
3.848.000
4.383,591
1,939.400
793,000
226,000
276.197
1,600,212
371.000
227.000
216.000
107.050
36.856
2,000.000
226.3ra.500
200,221,665
132.713,8tiO
32,300,537
37.113,156
23.376.726
10,170,358
3,876,201
6.343,598
4,309,760
4.909.622
2,137.219
888,160
249,052
301,369
1,792,237
415,520
255,240
241.920
117,969
40.615
2,240.UX)
689,391,284
Includes China, Turkey, Servia, Portugal, United States of Colombia, Chile, Borneo and
Labuan, Mexico. Peru. Greece, etc.
90
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
LABOR STATISTICS OF COAL MINING SINCE 1895.
STATE OH TERRITORY.
1895.
No. of
days
actire.
Ar.No.
em
ployed.
1896.
No. of
days
actire.
Ar.Xo.
em-
ployed.
1897.
No. of
days
actire.
Av.Xo.
em-
ployed.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Georgia ,
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Indian Territory
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
M ichigan
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania bituminous.
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming
Total
Pennsylvania anthracite. .
Grand total
26'J
182
812
10,3 !6
1,218
190
6.125
248
1(8
291
172
$01
9.894
1,507
1V7
6.704
731
182
189
161
189
159
146
248
186
KB
223
38.630
8.530
3,212
10,066
7,482
7,865
3,912
320
6.299
2,184
184
163
170
178
168
165
204
157
168
234
39.500
8.806
3.549
9.072
7.127
7.549
4.039
320
5,982
2,335
233
161
*156
ISO
J296
m
185
176
176
201
194
178
262
230
191
252
10.597
1,990
381
5,852
520
33,788
8,886
3,168
10,703
6.639
7,983
4,719
537
6,414
2,337
190
22<i
139
176
69
20(i
224
171
203
225
224
195
184
1,383
61
65
24,644
414
71,130
5.120
1.642
670
2,158
2,840
19.159
3,449
172
1,569
Ifil
191
206
211
187
202
198
221
201
1C8
148
171
205
221
220
204
213
236
205
219
170
26,410
254
77.599
6,337
1,766
704
2,344
2.739
20.504
3.137
194
196
195
289.962
142.917
382.879
192
174
185
196
150
248.144
149,557
AVERAGE PRICES FOR COAL AT THE MINES SINCE 1892.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897.
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Indian Territory
Iowa. .,
Kansas
Kentucky
Mary land
Michigan
M issouri
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania bituminous
Ten n essee :
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming...."
Total bituminous
Pennsylvania anthracite
General average
$1.05
1.24
2.46
1.62
$0.99
1.34
2.31
1.24
.98
$0.93
1.22
2.31
1.24
.85
$0.90
1.25
2.33
1.20
.83
$0.90
1.11
"2.35
1.16
.70
.91
1.08
1 71
1.32
.89
1.56
1.23
2.36
1.07
1.79
1.30
1.27
1.79
1.23
1.99
1.62
1.44
.96
.94
4.29
.84
1.13
2.32
1.56
.86
2.28
.80
1.27
1.47
1.50
1.13
.92
3.57
.80
1.08
2.28
1.48
.84
2.31
.96
1.59
1.26
1.23
.88
.77
1.47
1.17
2.04
3.15
.8.)
.09
1.43
1.20
1.20
.86
.81
1.60
1.12
1.89
.80
.84
1.40
1.17
1.15
.78
.89
1.62
1.08
1.47
1.08
2.55
1.1
.72
t3.33
.72
.84
1.34
1.13
1.18
.79
.76
1.46
1.08
1.76
.77
1.35
1.57
1.76
1.12
M
3.87
.74
.97
2.32
1.40
.76
2.33
.75
1.31
1.49
l.l>6
1.07
.79
3.36
.72
.93
1.88
1.31
.63
2.16
.68
1.33
1.40
1.50
1.09
.79
2.90
.71
.86
1.65
1.20
2.00
.65
J1.37
.99
1.57
.90
1.59
1.41
1.38
1.34
1.08
.78
3.09
.69
.81
1.52
1.19
.t>7
1.94
.63
1.21
.81
1.51
1.09
1.02
1.02
.99
Includes Alaska.
tlncludes Nebraska.
^Includes North Carolina.
AMERICAN TRUSTS.
01
AMERICAN TRUSTS.
Acid trust (forming)
Alcohol trust
American cor
Anglo-Americ
Anthracite co
sylvania*
Asphalt trust
Ax trust
Barbed wire t
Biscuit and
Bituminous c
Bleaehery combine
Bolt and nut trust
Boiler trust
Borax trust
Brass trust
Broom trust, Chicago
Brush trust, Ohio*
Buckwheat trust
Button trust*
Carbon candle
Carnegie trust
Cartridge trust*
Cash register trust*
Casket and bu
Castor oil trus
Celluloid trust
Confectioners
Copper Ingot trust
Cordage trust
Cotton duck trust
Cotton press trust*
Cottonseed oil trust
Crockery trust
Cutlery trust (
Dressed beef
trusts (two)
Dye and chemi
Electrical com
Electric supply trust
Envelope trust
Fish trust
Flint glass trus
Flour trust (forming)
Fruit canners' trust
Fruit jar trust
Fur combine*
Galvanized iro
Pennsylvania
Glove trust. N
Gossamer rubb
Green glass trust
Harrow trust
Harvester trust
Hinge trust
Hop combine
Indurated fiber trust
International
pany (forming)
Iron and coal trust
Iron and steel trust
Knit goods trust
Lead trust
Leather trust
Leather board trust
Lime trust*
Linotype trust
Linseed oil trust
Lithograph trust.
Locomotive tire
Locomotive trust
Lumber trust
Lumber trust
Malting trust
Manila tissue trust
Marble trust*
Capita;.
$50,000,000
. 5,000,000
50,000,000
18,000,000
harvester trust*
thread trust...
Menhaden trust
Merchants' steel trust
combine, Penn-
85,000,000
3,140,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
2,000.000
10,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
5.000,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
25,000,000
10,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
500,000
8,000,000
25,000,000
2,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
2,000,000
20,000,000
35,000.000
10,000,000
6.000.000
20,000,000
15,000.000
Morocco leather trust*
Oatmeal trust, Ohio*
Oilcloth trust*
ist, Chicago*
icker trust
1 trust*
Paint combine*
Paper bag trust
Paper box trust*
Pitch trust*
innsylvania*
Plate glass trust, Pittsburg*...
ncago*
lo*
Pork combine*
it
Preserves trust, West Virginia*.
rust, Cleveland*
Refrigerator trust (forming) ....
*
ust*
al goods trust*..
, St. Louis
New York
Salt trust*
trust*
Sandstone trust. New York*
until in-
trust, Illinois..
Sash, door and blind trust*
ust*
Sphn 1 h 'if* trust*
ist
oCnOOl D< OK l ^ ^ . . .
ust*
. < npoi luinmui iiv
trust
Conner trust*
Sheet step! trnst*
ormlng)
2,000,000
100.000,000
2,000,000
1,800.000
10.000,000
7.000,000
5.000,000
8,000,000
150,000,000
500,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
2,000,000
2.000,000
12,000,030
4,000,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
i,ooo",ono
500.000
500,000
30.000,000
10,000,000
75,000,000
30,000,000
30.000.000
124,483,000
500.000
3,000.000
5.000.050
18.000,000
11,500.000
2.000,000
5,000.000
40,000.000
2.000.000
30,000.000
2.000.000
20.000.000
and provision
al combine*
ine No. 2
Snow shovel trust
trust*
Soda water apparatus trust
Spool bobbin and shuttle trust..
t, Pennsylvania.
Standard Distilling company
(new whisky trust)
rust
and steel trust,
Steel rail- trust
Stove board trust
w York*
r trust
st*
Structural steel trust*
Sugar trust
Tack trust*
Teazle trust*
trust
Silverware com-
t)
ust
rust
Tissue paper trust*
Tobacco combination
Tombstone trust
Trunk trust
Tube trust
Type trust
Typewriter trust
rust*
Umbrella trust*
Vapor stove trust*..
Wallpaper trust
Western flour trust
Wheel trust*
it
t. New Jersey.,
trust*
tt
Window glass trust*
Wire trust*
Woodscrew trust*
Wool hat trust
ru-(t
Wrapping paper trust
Yellow pine trust*
Total ..
Capital.
$30,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
25,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
3. ,-,00,000
2,500,000
2.000,000
2,000,000
5,000,000
55,000,000
5,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
2,000,000
20,000,000
1,500,000
8,000,000
5,000,000
8,000,000
18,000,000
2,500,000
5,000,000
50,000,000
7,000,000
2,500,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
250,000
20,000,000
1,500,000
5.000,000
2,000,000
15,000,000
2.000,000
40,000,000
2,000,000
60,000
25,000,000
500,000
200,000
500,000
3,750,000
2,000,000
500,000
100,000,000
24,000,000
10,000,000
60,000.000
200.000
8,000,000
5,000,000
75,000,000
3,000.000
200,000
60.000,000
10,000,000
2,500.000
100,000
2,500,000
11,500,000
6,000,000
18,015.000
8.000.000
1,000,000
20.000.000
10.000.000
1.000.000
500.000
20,000.000
10.000,000
10.000.000
1,500.000
1,000.000
2,000,000
Capital estimated.
2,238,698,000
92 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
(Prepared by T. C. Mendenhall. of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.)
CUSTOMARY TO METRIC.
LINEAR.
CAPACITY.
Inches to
milli-
meters.
Feet to
meters.
Yards to
meters.
Miles to
kilo-
meters.
Fluid
Arams to
millili-
ters or
cub. cen-
timeters.
Fluid oz.
to milli-
liters,
Quarts to
liters.
Gallons
to liters.
j
25.4001
50.8001
76.2002
101.6002
127.0003
152.4003
177.8004
20:12004
228.6005
.304801
.609001
.914402
1.219202
1.524003
1.828S04
2.133604
2.188405
2.743205
.914402
1.828804
2.743205
3.657607
4.572009
5.486411
6.400813
7.315215
8.229616
1.60935
3.21869
4.82804
6.43739
8.04674
9.K5608
11.26543
12.87478
14.48412
1. .
3.70
7,39
11.09
14.79
18.48
22.18
25.88
29.57
33.27
29.57
59.15
88.72
118.29
147.87
177.44
207.02
236.59
266.16
.94636
1.89272
2.83908
3.78543
4.73179
5.67815
6.62451
7.57087
8.51723
3.78543
7.57087
11.35630
15.14174
18.92717
22.71261
2ti.49S04
30.28318
31.06891
2 ...
2
3
3
4
4
5
5 ...
(i
6....
7....
8
8....
9
9
SQUARE.
WEIGHT.
Sq. in. to
sq. centi-
meters.
Sq.ft. to
sq. deci-
meters.
Sq. yds.
to sq.
meters.
.
Acres to
hectares.
Grains
to milli-
grammes
Avoirdu-
pois
oz. to
grammes
Avoirdu-
pois
pounds
to kilo-
grammes
Troy
oz. to
grammes
l
6.452
12.903
19.355
25.807
32.258
38.710
45.161
51.613
58.065
9.290
18.581
27.871
37.161
46.452
55.742
65.032
74.323
83.613
.836
1.672
2.508
8.344
4.181
5.017
5.853
6.689
7.525
.4047
.8094
1.2141
1.6187
2.0234
2.4281
2.8328
3.2375
3.6422
1...
64.7989
129.5978
194.39(8
259.1957
323.99*'.
388.7935
453.5924
518.3914
583.1903
28.3495
56.6991
85.0486
113.3981
141.7476
170.0972
198.4467
226.7962
255.1457
.45359
.90719
1.36078
1.81437
2.26798
2.72156
3.17515
3.62874
4.08233
31.10348
62.20696
93.31044
124.41392
155.51740
186.62088
217.72437
248.82785
279.93133
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
(i
7
8
9
8
9
CUBIC.
1 Gunter's chain 20.1168 meters.
1 sq. statute mile 259.000 hectares.
1 fathom 1.829 meters.
1 nautical mile 1853.25 meters.
1 foot = .304801 meter, 9.4840158 log.
1 avoir, pound = 4^85924277 gram.
15432.35639 grains i kilogramme.
Cubic in.
to cubic
centi-
meters.
Cubic ft.
to cubic
meters.
Cubic
yards to
cubic
meters.
Bushels
to hecto-
liters.
1
16.387
32.774
49.161
65.549
'81.936
98.323
114.710
131.097
147.484
.02832
.05663
.08495
.11327
.14158
.16990
.19822
.22654
.25485
.765
1.529
2.294
3.058
3.823
4.587
5.352
6.116
6.881
.35239
.70479
1.05718
1.40957
1.76196
2.11436
2.46675
2.81914
3.17154
2
3
4
5
6
7....
8....
9
The only authorized material standard of
customary length is the Ti'oughton scale be-
longing to this office, whose length at 59O.62
Fahr. conforms to the British standard. The
yard In use in the United States is therefore
equal to the British yard.
The only author zed material standard of
customary weight s the troy pound of the
mint. It is of brass of unknown density, and
therefore not suitable for a standard of mass.
It was derived from the British standard
troy pound of 1758 by direct compar son. The
British avoirdupois pound was also derived
from the latter, and contains 7.000 grains troy-
The grain troy is therefore the same as the
grain avoirdupois, and the pound avoirdu-
pois in use in the United States is equal to
the British pound avoirdupois.
The British gallon= 4.54346 liters.
The British bushel 36.3477 liters.
The length of the nautical mile given above
and adopted by the United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey many years ago is defined
as that of a minute of arc of a great circle of a
sphere whose surface equals that of the earth
(Clarke's Spheroid of 1866),
CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
9,3
CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
METRIC TO CUSTOMARY.
CAPACITY.
Meters to Met
inches.
39.8700
78.7400
118.1100
157.4SOO
.
275.KOO
314.9600
354.3300
'eters to
ftet.
3.28083
6.56167
9.84350
13.12333
lfi.40417
26.24667
29.52750
Meters to
yards.
1.01)3611
2.187222
3.280833
4.374444
6.561667
7.655278
8.748889
9.842500
Kilome-
ters to
miles.
.62137
1.24274
1.86411
2.48548
3.101)85
3.72822
4.34959
4.9709(>
Millili-
ters or cu
centime-
ters tofl'd
drums.
27,
.54
.81
1.08
135
I.(i2
1.88
2.10
2.43
Centi-
liters to
fluid
ounces.
.338
1.353
1.691
2.029
3.013
Liters
to
quarts.
1.0567
2,1134
3.1701)
4.2267
5.2834
9.5101
Decali-
ters to
gallons.
2.6417
5.2834
7.9251
10.561)8
13.2085
15.8502
18.4919
21.1336
23.7753
Hecto-
liters
to
bushels
2.8377
5.6755
8.5132
11.3510
14.1887
17.0265
19.SIU2
22.7019
25.5397
SQUARE.
l
2
8
4
5
6
7
8....
Square
centime-
ters to
square
inches.
.1550
.3100
.4650
.6200
.7750
.9300
1.0850
1.2400
1.3950
Square
meters to
square
feet.
10.764
21.;,28
82.292
43.055
53.819
61.583
75.347
86.111
9ti.H75
Square
meters to
sqitare
yards.
1.196
2.392
3.588
4.784
5.980
7.176
8.372
9.568
10.764
Hectares
to
acres.
2.471
4.912
7.413
9.884
12.355
14.826
17.297
19.768
22.239
Milli-
grammes
to
grains.
.01543
.031 Mi
.01630
.06178
.07716
.W.'.V.I
.UMI3
.12:;;
.13889
Kilo-
grammes
to
grains.
15432.36
30864.71
46297.07
61729.43
77161.78
92594.14
108026.49
l2:u:>s.S5
138891.21
Hecto-
grammes
to oz. av-
oirdu-
pois.
3.5274
7.0548
14.1096
17.6370
21.1(544
24.6918
28.2192
31.7466
Kilo-
grammes
to Ibs. av-
oirdu-
poix.
2.20462
4.40921
6.61387
8.8184!)
11.02311
13.22773
15.43236
17.63698
19.84160
CUBIC.
WEIGHT Continued.
Cubic
centime-
ters to
cubic
inches.
Cubic
decime-
ters to
cubic
inches.
Cubic
meters to
cubic
feet.
Cubic
meters to
cubic
yards.
Quintals
to Ibs. av-
oirdu
pots.
Milliers
or tonnes
to Ibs. av-
oirdu-
pois.
Kilo-
grammes
to oz.
troy.
0.0610
0.1220
0.1831
0.2441
0.3051
0.3661
0.1272
0.4882
0.5492
61.023
122.017
183.070
214.091
305.117
366.140
427.164
488.187
549.210
35.314
70.(S9
105.943
141.258
176.572
211.887
217.201
.
317.830
1.308
2.616
3.924
5.232
6.540
7.848
9.156
10.464
11.771
220.46
440.92
661.39
881.85
1102.31
1322.77
lri43.24
nit;. 70
15)84.16
2204.6
4409.2
6613.9
8818.5
11023.1
13227.7
15432.4
17637.0
19841.6
32.1507
61.3015
96.4522
128.6030
160.7537
192.9044
225.0552
257.2059
289.13567
By the concurrent action of the principal
governments of the world an International
Bureau of Weights and Measures has been
established near Paris. Under the direction
of the International Committee two ingots
were cast of pure platinum-iridinm in the
proportion of 9 parts of the former to 1 of the
latter metal. From one of these a certain
number of kilogrammes were prepared, from
the other a definite number of meter bars.
These standards of weight and length were
inter-compared, without preference, and cer-
tain ones selected as international standards.
The others were distributed by lot, in Septem-
ber. 18S9. to the different governments and are
called national prototype standards. Those
apportioned to tin United States were received
in 1890 and are in the keeping of United States
coast and geodetic survey.
The metric system was legalized in the
United States in 1866.
The international standard meter is derived
from the meter des archives, and its length is
denned by the distance between two lines at
centigrade, on a platinum-iridium bar de-
posited at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures.
The international standard kilogramme is
amass of platinum-iridium deposited at the
same place, and its weight in vacuo is the
same as that of the kilogramme des archives.
The liter is equal to a cubic decimeter, and
it is measured by the quantity of distilled
water which, at its maximum density, will
counterpoise the standard kilogramme in a
vacuum, the volume of such a quantity of
water being, as nearly as has been ascer-
tained, equal to a cubic decimeter.
94 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
COUNTRIES.
Rulers.
Titles.
Pop.
Area.
Abyssinia
Menelik 11 ..
Emperor
3.000.000
4,000,000
4,086,492
41,231.342
6,262,272
2.500,000
2.019,549
9.930,471
3,309,816
2,915.332
38ti.sW.02i
3.878.600
14,000.000
243,205
2,185,335
1.270,001
6,817.265
38.343.192
52.279.901
29.955.281
5.594.982
3.502.684
1,995,185
1,657,867
992.8S
128,495
271,963
403,773
578.342
97,978
354,968
170,864
206,513
223,832
326.091
62,754
129,382
57.281
38,104.975
2.187.208
1,460.017
960,000
369,048
221,172,952
28.469,628
40,485.461
700,000
10.528.937
1,B,000
211,088
12,056.046
13.304
220,000
5,000.000
2.000.000
4.732,911
282.845
1,500,000
207,503
480.000
9.000.000
2,621.844
4.708.178
5.800.000
118,014,187
651,130
31,000
610,000
2,256.084
8,000,000
409,276
17,565,632
6,825,067
2,917.754
17,500
27,691.600
74,522,000
728.447
2^23,527
150,000
300,000
1.125,US6
249,942
11,373
82.000
567.360
3,209.878
24.360
293,970
1,327.308
501,773
900.000
23,000
15.289
12.000
10,698
204.092
208,670
134,537
29.282
5.787
7,528
5,822
2,966
469
906
1.424
5.135
1,131
2,479
511
757
953
1,388
120
319
433
120.979
25.041
46.000
10,204
43,000
964.993
110,623
147.655
22.320
82.000
14,360
998
767,005
8
3.630
219.000
54.000
12.648
49.500
82,000
48
98.000
628.000
463.747
34.168
4S.307
8,660.282
7,225
1,701
18.045
19,050
200.000
119.139
197.670
297.321
15,976
374
1,147,587
3.507,640
72,110
59:i,943
Abdur Khan
Ameer
Austria-Hungary
Franz Josef I
Belgium
King-
Say id Abdul Ah. -id
Senor S. F. Alonzo
Prudentide de Moraes
Ameer
President
Bolivia
Brazil
President
Prince
Chile
China
Colombia.
Congo Free State
Tuen-Tsou-Hsi
M. A. Caro
Leopold II
Empress
President
Sovereign
Christian IX
King
Gene Alfaro
President . . .
Khedive
France
M. Felix Faure
President
Wilhelm 11
Wilhelm 11
King...
Otto .'
King..
Albert
King..
Wurttemberg
Wilhelm II
King
Baden
Frederick I
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Hesse
Ernst Ludwig
Anhalt
Frederick
Duke
Albrecht
Regent
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Franz IV
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Grand Duke
Duke
Wilhelm I
Peter I
Saxe- Alien burg
Ernst
Alfred
Duke
Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Weimar.
George II
Karl Alexander
Heinrich XXII.
Duke
Grand Duke
Reuss (younger branch)
Waldeck
Great Britain and Ireland
Greece
Guatemala
Haiti
HeinrichXIV
Friedrich
Victoria
Georgios 1
Manuel B. Cabrera
T.S.Sam
P. Bonllla
Prince
Prince
Queen
King
President
President
President..
India (British)
Italy
Victoria
Umberto I
Empress
King...
Mutsu Hito
Mikado
Khiva.
Khan
Korea
Li-Heui
Emperor
Liberia
W. D. Coleman
Adolf
PorfirioDiaz
Albert
President
Duke
Luxemburg
Mexico
Prince
Nicholas I
Prince
Sultan
Netherlands
Wilhelmina
S. Zelaya
Queen
President
Oman
Sey y id Feysal
M. T. Steyn
Sultan
Sen. Fgusquiza
Muzafltr-ed-Din
N. de Pierola
Carlos I
President.
Shah
President
Peru
King...
King.
Nicholas 11
Czar
R. A. Gutierrez
President...
King
Santo Domingo
U. Heureaux
President
Servia
Alexander I
King . . .
Siam
South African Republic
Spain
Chulalongkorn 1
S.J. P. Kruger
Alfonso XIII
Oscar II
E. Ruffy
King
President
King
King
President
Sweden and Norway
Tonga
George "11
Abdul Hamidll
William McKinley
luan L. Cuestas
Gen. J. Audrade
King
Sultan
President
President
President
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
WHEAT CORNER OF 1897-98.
WHEAT CORNER OF 1897-98.
The year 1898 marked the culmination and
collapse of one of the most gigantic and
spectacular operations in wheat ever in-
augurated in this or any other country. The
center of activity was Chicago, and the
central figure was Joseph Lelter, a resident
of that city. Operations were continued
over a perloa of more than ten months, dur-
ing which it is estimated that nearly 100,-
000,000 bushels of wheat were traded in by
the party in Interest, including what is gen-
erally known as his "scalping" operations,
and the price was advanced from 65 cents
at the start to $1.85 a bushel before the
end was reached, a net improvement of
nearly $1.20. The amount of cash wheat
handled by one party, the capital involved
and the wide interest excited were without
precedent. The attention of the whole civ-
ilized world was attracted and the Chicago
market was constantly watched by the peo-
ple of all foreign lands, as well as by those
of our own.
Prices were pushed to a dizzy height, but
the collapse was sudden and disastrous,
Joseph I^eiter and his immediate following
being the principal sufferers, those best in-
formed estimating their losses at nearly, if
not fully, $10,000,000.
Joseph Letter was a young man of 29, who
had never been known as an operator in
wheat, and was not even a member of the
board of trade; he came of good mercantile
stock, however, his father L. Z. Leiter
having been for many years a leading and
successful merchant in Chicago, finally re-
tiring from the business with a large for-
tune, which was eventually increased to
$30,000.000 or more. The son was thought to
have inherited the mercantile instincts of
his father, and had already demonstrated in
many ways his keen business sagacity. It
is claimed, and generally admitted, that
when Letter ventured upon his first opera-
tions in wheat nothing was more foreign to
his thoughts than the colossal transactions
in which he eventually became the directing
spirit. The idea of "speculation" he dis-
claimed from first to last, stoutly contend-
ing that he was simply a merchant, and a
speculator only In the sense that he ex-
pected to sell what he bought at a handsome
profit, and without resorting to any of the
tricks known to the typical speculator.
A fortunate investment made early In
September, 1897, was the humble beginning
of the Lelter deal, which did not end until
June 13, 1898. Prom the inception the trans-
actions gradually grew in magnitude until
every previous experience In that line was
completely overshadowed, and the world
watched its development with increasing
wonde*.
The reasons which led Lelter to think so
favorably of wheat were found in the then
prevailing conditions the world over, but
more especially in Europe, and these he
freely made known to the public. He at-
tempted no deception, but openly warned
every one of the folly of selling wheat at the
then prevailing prices, and he at the same
time proceeded to buy freely what the pub-
lic seemed so greedy to sell, with the result
that when the conditions he had foreseen
came finally to be generally acknowledged,
prices were greatly enhanced and the sound-
ness of his judgment apparently vindicated.
The world's crop of wheat in 1897 was
much below the average. England, France,
and other countries which found it neces-
sary to import wheat, found also their
harvests more than usually deficient; while
Russia, India, Argentina and Austria-Hun-
gary countries which usually raise a large
surplus for export found this surplus great-
ly curtailed. So with enlarged necessities
came diminished supplies, and the problem
of feeding Europe soon began to attract at-
tention in America. As figured out statis-
tically, the breadstuffs situation, when the
harvests in 1897 were gathered, compared
with that of 1896 as follows:
, Wheat crop (bushels).-
1H97. 1896.
France 248,000,000 337,000,000
Russia 232,000,000 319,M)U,000
Italy 88,000,000 132,000,000
Austria 36,000,000 41,000,000
Hungary 93,000,000 loi.OOO.OOO
Roumania 29,000,000 69,000.000
Bulgaria 25,000,000 45,000,000
United Kingdom.. 54,000,000 60,000,000
The above-named countries, with the
minor ones not named, showed a deficiency
in the European wheat production of 1897 of
356,000,000 bushels, as compared with the
year previous. To offset this was an in-
crease in the United States of about 120,-
000,000 bushels and about 20,000,000 bushels
in other parts of the world, leaving a net
shortage in the world's wheat supply of
over 200,000,000 bushels. These figures early
attracted belter's attention, and he argued
openly that they foreshadowed an unusual
demand for American wheat, and predicted
an astonishing advance in values. So it
was not long before he became a heavy
buyer simply as a merchant, he always
protested, or as he would buy a piece of
real estate when it was offered below its
intrinsic value. He was in the market be-
cause the inexorable law of supply and de-
mand must eventually enhance the price of
wheat. Probably no man ever bought a
bushel of wheat with more complete con-
fidence in its legitimate value than did
Joseph Letter in his earlier dealings, and,
despite his many disappointments and the
serious obstacles he frequently encountered,
his faith rarely wavered until the disastrous
end of his long campaign was finally
reached. In the whole ten months of its
continuance he never descended to any of
the tricks of the ordinary speculator, nor
endeavored to take advantage of the seller
by concealing his real purpose; he openly
proclaimed himself on the "bull side,'
warned the trade of the danger of "selling
short," and bought without limit whatever
was offered for sale. In August, 1897, his
presence in the market and his extensive
operations began to attract attention; the
price was then about 75V4 cents, having sold
at 64% cents earlier in the season. As bis
accumulations went on prices were gradu-
ally enhanced. When the end of September
approached, and the time was near at hand
for the delivery of the wheat Leiter had
bought for that month's delivery, it was
found that there was little here, and to
avoid the odium of running a corner he an-
nounced his willingness to transfer all bis
trades to December, but warned tiie trade
that the price would be very much higher
when that delivery matured. But the large
traders and especially that class known to
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
include the elevator interest were almost
uniformly "bears," and, confident that an
amateur speculator, as Leiter was acknowl-
edged to oe, could not successfully carry
through a campaign on the lines he had un-
dertaken, all kept selling heavily, and Letter
kept on buying with equal persistency,
prices in the meanwhile continuing to ad-
vance steadily.
By this time the world had become deeply
interested and everybody was watching the
course of prices on the Chicago board of
trade, the up turn abroad having kept pace
with that in America. As the end of De-
cemoer, 1897, drew near, the stocks of con-
tract wheat in Chicago were found to be
greatly depleted and nearly 6,000,000 bushels
less than Letter had bought in the mean-
time, and which must be delivered to him
before the end of the month. Many, consid-
ering the situation hopeless for the shorts,
settled and paid their differences. But the
great elevator proprietors, who, as before
stated, were the largest "shorts," deter-
mined to get the wheat and deliver it, evi-
dently expecting that the delivery of 5,000,-
000 to 6,000,000 bushels practically in one
lump and which had to be paid for in cash
on delivery would financially embarrass the
daring young operator. For this purpose the
northwest was ransacked by the large and
wealthy Interests which had been caught
"short," and wheat was bought wherever
it could be found, with little regaru to the
price, and, favored by unusually open
weainer, millions of bushels were brought
to Chicago by lake from Duluth and by car
from Minneapolis. During the last days of
December there were delivered to Leiter
over 5,000,000 bushels of wheat, which was
promptly accepted and paid for in cash, ap-
parently without effort and without any un-
usual strain on his financial credit. This
large delivery, with his other holdings, left
Leiter the absolute owner of from 8,000,000
to 10,000,000 bushels of the cereal, though in
the meantime he had been sending it for-
ward very liberally to tidewater or to
Europe. There was some expectation that
the enormous demands made on Leiter's
bank account by the delivery of so much
property, on which instant payment was de-
manded, might prove too much of a load for
the young speculator; but his father, L. Z.
Leiter, promptly came to his assistance
with his $30,000,000 fortune, and his credit
soon became practically unlimited.
For a moment Leiter hesitated at this
juncture, but his indecision did not last
long; he was the owner of a vast amount of
fraln which he felt forced to protect, and
is only course now seemed to be to carry
his campaign into May, 1898. At the same
time he began those tremendous shipments
abroad which soon became the wonder of
the trade, and, with a single exception,
finally eclipsed anything before known in
the history of the grain trade. In order to
guard against a repetition of his experience
in December, 1897, he extended his opera-
tions into the northwest, and before long
owned millions of bushels of wheat at Du-
luth and Minneapolis, in addition to his im-
mense and daily increasing holdings at Chi-
cago. But wheat was still offered freely;
the farmers, attracted by the high prices,
were selling everything they had stored, un-
til the interior reserves were well-nigh ex-
hausted everywhere. In the meantime prices
had gone up by leaps and bounds, and the
foreign markets were keeping pace with
those in this country. Yet Leiter's repre-
sentatives still stood in the pit and de-
manded more wheat, though in the mean-
time his accumulations probably amounted
to 20,000.000 bushels a larger load than any
single individual was ever before known to
carry. But his faith had not yet begun to
waver; "shorts" had become badly fright-
ened, however, and with Leiter's aggressive
confidence and the "shorts' " efforts to
cover prices continued to soar.
The end of May, 1898, finally came, and
Leiter's opponents again disappointed him;
they had made the most strenuous exer-
tions; had ransacked the country, and final-
ly succeeded in delivering him 8,000,000
bushels, for which prompt payment was nec-
essary; but his star was still in the ascend-
ant, or at least his financial sky was un-
clouded, and payment was easily made.
By this time, however, his holdings had
enlarged to something like 25,000,000 bushel ,
representing not less than $30,000,000 in cash
a staggering load for any one but Leiter.
Yet, still undaunted, he at once commenced
to buy wheat for July delivery, and this
move was the beginning of the end. His
skies darkened, the load becar^e tiresome,
and financial difficulties began to press
mon or less heavily, and his confident srnhe
had departed. Prices abroad had risen to a
point which restricted consumption, and the
old world was driven to other markets.
Argentina and India had begun to ship their
bountiful crops, and the promise for this
country for 1898 as well as for the old wor'd
generally was most brilliant. Every hour
the burden became heavier for the man who
had undertaken to fight the whole world
The speculative element fought him with
frantic vigor, and every available bushel of
wheat on ooth sides of the ocean was sold,
so that the theoretical supplies which Leiter
had figured on were enormously exceeded by
the actual marketings. The end drew near;
it came suddenly. On Monday, June 13, 1898,
Leiter found himself with 30,000,000 to 35,-
000,000 bushels of wheat on hand, his ready
cash gone and his credit with the banks
shattered by the withdrawal of the financial
support of L. Z. Leiter, which he had hither-
to had.
Realizing at last the hopelessness of his
battle, he struck his colors, threw all the
wheat he had bought for July on to the mar-
ket, and in little more than an hour had
divested himself of fully 8,000,000 bushels.
The price had also dropped 20 cents a
bushel, aggregating fully $7,000,000 on his
entire holdings. The 15.000,000 bushels or
more of cash wheat he held In this country
and Europe then became a matter of grave
concern. A general panic was likely to fol-
low the forced marketing of such a vast
amount of property, and to avoid such a
calamity it was protected by the banks
and finally placed in the hands of trustees
to be sold at leisure when shortened sup-
plies might warrant it or circumstances
dictate. This eminently wise action pre-
vented the disastrous consequences which
would otherwise have followed such a com-
plete collapse and minimized the ruin which
might, without such precaution, have fol-
lowed the Leiter fiasco.
It will no doubt be interesting to trace
the course of prices each month during the
ten months that Leiter was carrying on his
campaign, or from Aug. 1, 1897, to June 13.
1898, comparing them with the current
values the same month of the year previous,
THE ARMIES OP EUROPE.
97
the quotations being for cash wheat and
embracing the entire range for the mouth:
, Monthly price cash wheat ,
August . . .
September
October . . .
November .
December .
1X97.
..$0.74%@l. 03%
.. .85Vi(1.0iy 4
.. .87% .9914
. . .91 (&1.00V&
.. .92 @1.09
1896.
$0.53 @ .63y s
.55 @ .70
.65 V 2 @ .8U4
.71 @ .94%
.74% .93%
1897.
.71% .94
.71% .81%
.69% .90'/ 4
.64% .97
.68% .97%
January 89%@1.10
February 95 @1.08
March 1.00 @1.06%
April i.Ol 01.23%
May 1.17 @1.85
The price in- June, up to the day" of the
collapse, had ranged at $1.05@1.20, and on
the day that Leiter threw his holdings over-
board the price fell to 85 cents, and a week
later had fallen to 75 cents, a loss of $1.10
from the top figure, $1.85, which was
reached in May.
The advance started wheat to Chicago
from all over the country and the receipts
were far in excess of what any one had cal-
culated. From September to May, inclusive,
the receipts each month compared with the
same month the year previous were as fol-
lows:
. Cars wheat a mo. ,
JS97-9&. 1896-97.
September 9,033 6.246
November 4,044 2,055
December 7,670 1,175
January 1.187 838
February 1,661 558
March 3,352 505
April 2,637 261
May 7,711 303
Total for 8 months.. 37, 195
11,951
The exports from this country were also
unusually heavy, for as soon as Letter's
operations became well understood not only
was there a healthy legitimate foreign de-
mand but Leiter himself was disposed to
market his wheat abroad and used every
effort to get it across the ocean. The
monthly exports from and including Janu-
ary, 1898 when the foreign movement got
well under way to and including June, com-
pare with former years as follows:
, Wheat and flour (bushels).-
1898. 1S97. lt&6.
January 16,653,000 11,670,000 13,533,000
February ....13,239,000 8,151,000 11,678,000
March 15,520,000 7,895,000 8,575,000
April 16,492,000 6.285.000 7,722,000
May 17,151,000 8,774,000 8,331,000
June 17,771,000 7,997,000 10,932,000
Total ....96,826,000 40,702,000 0,771,000
That the Leiter deal was of Immense pe-
cuniary benefit to the wheat growers of the
world there can be no question, however
disastrous it may have been to himself and
his financial backers and followers. It cre-
ated an unusual, even though it was par-
tially fictitious, demand, which greatly en-
hanced the price. The persistent "short"
seller, who had for so many years coined
money by depreciating the price, found that
he was for a time overmatched, and the
wheat "bear" was, for the time being, out
of fashion. Letter's campaign added from
10 cents to 50 cents a bushel to the farm-
ers' staple crop, and, while the aftermath
was serious loss or absolute ruin to many,
its good effects were felt on thousands of
farms and will continue to be for years to
come.
THE ARMIES OF EUROPE.
ATTSTBIA-HTTNGABT The imperial active
army is made up of 18,129 officers, 329,112
men, 60,369 horses and 1,984 guns. Of these
1,642 officers and 22,666 men belong to the
Austrian landwehr and 3,355 officers and
24,954 men to the Hungarian landwehr, the
remainder (14.132 officers and 281,492 men)
comprising the Austria-Hungarian army.
The war footing of the empire is estimated
at 1,853,827. The Manulicher rifle is in use.
PEI.OIUM The active army embraces 3,360
officers, 45,030 men, 9,044 horses and 254 guns.
The war strength is estimated at 170,939.
On a war footing the army is estimated at
about 171,000 men. The Mauser rifle is in
use.
DENMARK The Danish active army has
834 officers and 27,720 men. Its war strength
is estimated at 117,136. The Krag-Jorgensen
rifle is in use.
FRANCE The French active army is com-
posed of 21,963 officers, 540,041 men, 123,000
horses and 3,048 guns. This is divided into
584 battalions of infantry, 448 squadrons of
cavalry, 508 field, horse and mountain bat-
teries, 103 batteries of foot artillery, twenty -
two battalions of engineers and twenty
squadron*! of various other branches of the
service, The war footing of r.o army is
about 4,84.8,572, $he Lebel rifle is in use,
GREAT BRITAIN The British array eon,
gt* i>f 7,721 officers and 213,148 met), ThU
ib lUvIUed Into 148 battalions Of in<
fantry, 124 squadrons of cavalry, eighty-
eight field batteries, twenty-two horse bat-
teries, ten mountain batteries, ninety-three
companies of garrison artillery, besides
sixty-seven bodies of engineers, service and
medical corps. The war footing of the
army is estimated at 638.000. The army is
raised by volunteer enlistments. The Lee-
Metford rifle is in use.
GERMANY The imperial active army of
Germany consists of 18,750 officers, 528.695
men, 93,301 horses and 3,000 guns and com-
poses twenty corps. These are divided into
634 battalions of infantry, 465 squadrons
(ninety-three regiments) of cavalry, 500 bat-
teries of field and horse artillery, thirty-
seven batteries of foot artillery, besides
fifty-one battalions of pioneers and other
troops. The war footing of the army is
estimated at 5,166,592. The Mauser rifle is
in use.
GREECE The active army of Greece con-
tains 13,824 infantry, 1,262 cavalry, 2,320 ar-
tillery, 6.186 engineers, or a total of 23,529
men. The reserve force la large, on paper,
including 98,000 first reserves and 176,000 sec-
ond reserves, making an estimated war
strength of ahqnt 397,000 men. The Mann-
licher rifle is in uso,
lTAi,YThe aetlY ana)" flf Italy (wniilflti
of 10,993 iiflit'erii. Jl&.KJl PKn, 84, fort hovees
and 1,841 tfuns Tfteaft an> divided Into J88
battallouh a* infantry, thirty-Bin oattaltou&j
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
of rifles, twenty-two battalions of Alplni,
144 squadrons of cavalry, 186 batteries of
field, sixteen batteries 4>f horse and fifteen
batteries of mountain artillery: seventy-six
companies of seacoast and fortress artil-
lery, besides forty-one companies of engi-
neers, etc. The war footing embraces 54,407
officers and 2,127,300 men. The Carcano rifle
is in use.
NETHERLANDS The Dutch army is made
up of 1,630 officers, 62.811 men, 5,290 horses
and 120 guns. To this should be added the
East Indian troops, about 38,000. There is
also the militia, active and sedentary,
which brings the total up to 3,786 officers
and 191,783 men. The regular army, exclu-
sive of militia, is divided into forty-five
battalions of infantry, fifteen squadrons of
cavalry, eighteen field and two horse bat-
talions, forty companies of fortress artillery,
besides engineer, torpedo, telegraph and
other companies. The war strength is put
at 234,000.
PORTUGAL The active Portuguese army is
made up of 2,543 officers, 25,658 men and 3,985
horses. The estimated war strength is
about 100,000 men. The Kropatschek rifle is
in use.
RUSSIA The Russian active army consists
of 28,700 officers, 893,900 men, 163,000 horses
and 2,672 guns, besides 38,000 men classified
as non-combatants. These are divided into
487,600 infantry, 112,300 cavalry, 110,444 ar-
tillery and 32,900 engineers and the re-
mainder are in other branches of the serv-
ice. On a war footing the army is esti-
mated at 3,400,000. The Mouzin rifle is in
nse.
SPAIN The Spanish army before the war
with the United States consisted of an act-
ive army of 64,314 infantry, 14.314 cavalry,
11.605 artillery and 5,102 engineers and other
troops, making a total of 84,335 men. Be-
sides these were the sanitary troops and
administrative troops, 28,790; the West In-
dian establishment (Cuban and Puerto Rican
forces), 201.312, and the Philippine establish-
ment, 37,760. This gives a total of 352,197
as the peace strength of the army. Besides
these are the first (160,000 men) and the
second (1,000.000) reserves, giving a war
footing of about 1,500,000. The Mauser rifle
is in use.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY The active army of
the kingdom is 40,440 men. The war
strength is estimated at 225,440. The
Mauser rifle is in use.
SWITZERLAND The active army of the
Swiss republic is composed of sixty-nine
general staff officers, 103,107 infantry, 3,758
cavalry, 21,633 artillery, 6,356 engineers,
4,980 sanitary troops, 1,580 administrative
and 183 cyclists, making a total of 141,666.
There are also the first and second reserves.
The first includes 79,205 and the second
264,733 men of all classes and branches of
the service, making the war strength about
490,000 men. The Schmit-Rubin rifle is in
use.
TURKEY The personnel of the sultan's
active army comprises about 24,000 officers
and 220,000 men, 30,000 horses and 1,458 guns,
divided into 318 battalions of infantry, 197
squadrons of cavalry; 169 field, forty-four
mountain, eighteen horse and twelve how-
itzer batteries; 430 companies of dismounted
and 234 mounted gendarmes. The war
strength is estimated at about 1,500,000 men.
The Mauser rifle is in use.
PRINCIPAL NAVIES OF ETTROPE.*
CLASS OF VESSEL.
Battleships 1st class
Guns
Battleships 2d and 3d class
Guns
Sea-going coast defense
Guns
Non-sea-going
Guns
Armored cruisers
Guns
Protected cruisers
Guns
Unprotected cruisers
Guns
Gunboats 1st class
Guns
Gunboats 2d and 3d class
Torpedo boat destroyers,
Torpedo boats 1st class .
Torpedo boats 2d class
Torpedo boats 3d class
Stationary vessels
Other vessels
Tugs, transports, etc
Obsolete
Total vessels
Officers and men ....
Mil
4ti7
724 18,813 40.532
llifi 235
1.&M) 23,270
130
87
198
8,279
Navy tatl8tici are being constantly changed by the building of new eUlps, and repairing
or retiring of old ones.
PARTITION OF CHINA.
99
PARTITION OF CHINA.
It was not until after the close of the war
between China and Japan that the celestial
empire attracted the aggressive cupidity of
the colonizing nations of Europe. At the
close of the so-called opium war in 1841
Hongkong, an island In the mouth of the
Canton river, was ceded to Great Britain,
and is now one of the strongest naval and
military stations of the British empire in
Asia, being known as the "Eastern Gibral-
tar. "' With this exception the Chinese em-
pire remained practically untouched. The
weakness displayed by the Chinese in the
war with its insular neighbor and the total
want of national coherency among the Chi-
nese people themselves were simply an in-
vitation to the stronger powers of Europe to
enrich themselves at the expense of the
Chinese empire.
At the close of the war with Japan a
treaty was negotiated between the two na-
tions which may be found In full in The
Daily News Almanac for 1896, page 77, by
virtue of wtich China surrendered to Japan
Sbashih, in the province of Hupeh; Chung-
king, in the province of Sze-ehuen; Suchow,
In the province of Klangsu; Hang-Chow, in
the province of Chebkiang; the Llau-Tong
peninsula, besides the temporary possession
of Wei-Hai-Wel, in the province of Shang-
tung.
Russia, joined by France and Germany, at
once interfered to prevent the Japanese
occupancy of the Llau-Tong peninsula.
Russia took this course for the purpose of
keeping open for herself a road through
Manchuria and Llau-Tong to an open port
on the Pacific, which she might convert into
a great military and naval depot, giv-
ing her an outlet for the commerce of
Siberia, which Is becoming of vast size
and Importance. For centuries Russia has
been making an attempt to reach an ice-free
port on the Pacific, being blocked ' from
progress for that purpose toward the Atlan-
tic by England, France and Turkey. Russia
lost no time in raising her flag at Port
Arthur, In the province of Liau-Tong, and
on the 27th of March, 1898, she secured from
China the cession of that port. It was an-
nounced from St. Petersburg that the lease
from China under which Port Arthur was
held would not injure any foreign nation,
but when the compact between Russia and
China was published in full it was found
that no such construction could be put
upon the transaction, for the ports of Ta-
lien-Wan and Port Arthur were to be re-
served for the exclusive use of Russian and
Chinese war vessels, and that the remainder
of the territory named in the cession, whi'e
open to merchant vessels, was closed to the
war vessels of every other nation. France
also received concessions in the re-forming
of the boundaries of Tonquin which were
of substantial benefit to her.
Germany, on the other hand, found .that,
while she was a party to the dual alliance,
she had received little or no recognition
from a division of the spoils which followed
the breaking of the Japanese treaty. The
incident at Yen-Chu-Fu furnished Germany
an excuse for seizing a large area of ter-
ritory. In November, 1897, at the above-
named place, in the southern part of the
province of Shangtung, a mission estab-
lished by the German Roman catholics was
attacked hy a mob of Chinese, and two mis-
slouarles were kilieU and one was disposed
of in a way yet unknown, while the mission
buildings were destroyed, A few days later,
on the 6th of November, 1897, a Chinese mob
in the city of Wuchung. in the province of
Hoo-Pee, made an attack upon the German
minister to China and upon the commander
of- a German gunboat, Insulting the Ger-
man flag as well. Germany was prompt to
resent this action, and on the 18th of No-
vember, 1897, a German fleet of four war
vessels appeared at Kino-Chun, a stiongly
fortified port in the province of Shangtung.
A force of marines was landed and took a
position which commanded the harbor. A
demand for the surrender of the harbor was
made and the Chinese garrison fled in haste.
This was followed by a demand upon the
Pekln government for compensation for the
previous outrages on the missions and the
German minister and officer. The German
government demanded the punishment of
the persons implicated in the murder of the
priests, the rebuilding of the destroyed mis-
sion houses, the payment of an Indemnity of
$450,000 to the families of the murdered men,
together with the payment of a very large
sum to meet the expenses of the naval ex-
pedition and for the support of a military
force at Klao-Chau.
The Chinese government demanded the
evacuation? of Kiao-Chau before it would
consent to negotiations, which demand the
Germans refused to consider. The dispute
was finally settled the very last of Decem-
ber, 1897, by China yielding all Germany de-
manded, giving a lease, in March, 1898, for
ninety-nine years, of the territory that Ger-
many had seized.
These movements produced a profound
sensation in Europe, and at one time there
was every appearance that a general war
would follow. Great Britain felt that she
had been "tricked' 1 by Russia in the ces-
sions that had been secured from China and
in the wider influence the czar had acquired
at Pekin; Russia herself did not approve
of the transfer of Kiao-Chau to Germany,
being desirous of securing that port for her
own purposes; Japan felt sorely disap-
pointed at being deprived of nearly all she
had gained by her costly war with and com-
plete victory over China, while European
nations stepped In and took nearly every-
thing that Japan coveted and had won; Ger-
many, while satisfied with what she had
seized, was suspicious that Russia had used
her to further the schemes of the czar, while
France was fearful of the strenuous oppo-
sition of Great Britain to the demands the
republic was making in the southern portion
of China bordering on Tonquin. Both Rus-
sia and France were using all their in-
fluence to prevent the loan of $80,000,000
wnlch China had negotiated in London.
Great Britain, which controlled two-thirds
of the entire trade of China, felt that she
was being deprived of it by means that were
unfair even in European diplomacy. Russia
was the country that Great Britain was
most disposed to criticise for the securing
of Port Arthur as the southern terminal of
the Siberian railway system, while the
transforming of that port into a Gibraltar
was calculated to give the ozar a domina-
ting influence both in China and Korea,
which was a menace to Great Britain's
most important commercial Interests In
Asia, ibe feeling In Great Britain was still
further intensified by th-.i removal of an
100
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
Englishman, Mr. Brown, who had been em-
ployed to supervise Korean finances, and the
appointment of a Russian, Mr. Alexieff, in
his place, against the protest of Great Brit-
ain. Such an appointment would have
laced Korea in the hands of Russia. Great
tritain followed tip her protest against this
change by sending a strong fleet to Che-
mulpo, and the result was that a compro-
mise was effected under which the Korean
customs were administered by. a joint com-
mission of British and Russian officials.
The seizure of the island of Hainan by the
French in December, 1897, brought a protest
from the British foreign office and a decla-
ration by France that permanent occupation
\vaa not designed.
With her enormous Interests Involved In
China, Great Britain could not remain pas-
sive to Russia's occupation of Port Arthur,
which commanded the Gulf of Pe-chi-li,
and, incidentally, the Chinese capital Itself.
So strongly opposed was tne British govern-
ment to the Russian occupancy that every
effort was made to dissuade the czar from
his purpose, the government pledging itself
not to occupy any port in the gulf if Russia
would abandon the Port Arthur scheme.
Russia flatly refused to consider the British
proposal, and in self-defense a demand was
made upon China by the British government
for a lease of the port of Wei-Hai-Wei, after
it had been evacuated by Japan, which then
held it as security for the unpaid war In-
demnity, and demanded it of China upon
the same terms granted to Russia in the ces-
sion of Port Arthur. The demand of Great
Britain was acknowledged, the indemnity
was paid to Japan in May, 1898, and on the
20th of that month the British forces occu-
pied the port.
By this movement Great Britain more
than matched Russia, for the port of Wei-
Hai-Wei is a more commanding position
than Port Arthur. While the latter com-
mands Pekln, the former commands the
Chinese capital by commanding the Gulf of
Pe-chi-li and Port Arthur itself. While
Port Arthur is of no value as a commercial
point, Wei-Hai-Wei is of importance as a
mercantile harbor and is capable of better
defense than the Russian naval entrepot.
It cannot be denied that in the Gulf of Pe-
chi-li Great Britain holds a far stronger
naval and commercial position than Russia
does.
While these scrambles were going on in
northern China, France was strengthening
herself along the Tonquin frontier in the
south. She acquired the lease of a large
bay on the southern coast of China; the
right to build a railroad between Tonquin
and Yunnan-Fu, in the province of Yun-
nan, an important point on the road from
Kwei-Yung-Fu to the western frontier of
China; a promise from China not to alienate
any of the territory in the four southern
provinces of the empire, which comprise
about one-eighth of the entire domain; an
agreement not to transfer to any other
power the island of Hainan, which lies off
the coast of the French possessions in Ton-
quin and commands the entire coast, be-
sides some voice in the administration (if
the Chinese postal service, then under Eng-
lish control. The important part of this
agreement to France is the railroad conces-
sion to Yunnan-Fu, in the center of that
province, which is one of the richest in the
Chinese empire. This road ending in French
territory will be of inestimable value to
France from a commercial point of view.
Of course Great Britain must have con-
cessions in the south to equal those of
France, as she had in the north to offset
such as had been granted to Russia and
Germany. The result was that China leased
to Great Britain, for ninety-nine years,
about 200 square miles of territory on the
mainland north of Hongkong, taking in
parts of Mirs bay on the east and Deep bay
on the west, as well as the island of Lan-
tao.
While the partition of China is yet in its
infancy, it is plainly to be seen that so far
British diplomacy and influence have been
more than a match for Russian ambition.
German greed and French aggression, much
as those nations have already secured from
China. No nation in Europe has been more
fully aware of the inherent weakness of
China than Great Britain, and the main de-
sire she has had has been to strengthen her
hold on the trade of the fabulously rich
valley of the Yang-tse-Kiang. which em-
braces nearly one-half of the va'uable area
of the empire. The river Is 3,350 miles in
length, and drains, with its tributaries,
nearly 800.000 square miles of territory,
while they together furnish a system of in-
land waterways about 12.000 m'les in length.
The eastern portion of this rich vai'ey. tr-e
province of Szechuen, borders British Bur-
ma. This entire valley is under British in-
fluence, while the footholds Great Britain
has at Wei-Hal-Wei and Hongkong give
her practically the control of the mouth of
that mighty stream. With railroads enter-
ing this open back door of China. Szechuen,
Great Britain can control the trade of the
entire Yang-tse basin for its whole distance.
In the northern provinces of Shansi and
Honan there are Immense deposits of coal,
and these are controlled by an Anglo-Italian
syndicate which has railroad concessions of
great value and importance. This, with the
financial obligations of China to Great
Britain, gives the latter an influence that
cannot be overlooked in the discussion of
any plan proposed for the dismemberment of
the Chinese empire.
THE PARTITION OF AFRICA.
The scramble among the nations of Europe
for colonial possessions in Africa is of com-
paratively recent origin. While the earliest
explorations began in 1553, when a body of
British merchants sent out in search of
trade a few vessels to Guinea, there was no
thought of anything more than an effort to
find a new market for English productions.
It was more than forty years later, in 1595,
that the Dutch followed the English mer-
chants In the attempt to establish a trading
station on the coast of Guinea. About the
same time that the British traders began
the exploration of the Guinea coast the
French set out on the same errand and
located at what is now known as French
Guinea. Thus at the beginning of the
seventeenth century nearly all the portions
of Africa that were held by the nations of
Europo were the three divisions of the coast
of Guinea that wore known respectively aa
British. French aud Dutch Guinea.
THE WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF WINE.
101
Even at the end of that century England
and France were the principal rivals for
African trade, but at the close of the
French wars France had lost nearly all her
possessions in Africa as well as elsewhere.
In this war Great Britain acquired the
iisrruilency in African affairs, which she
stubbornly held for 200 years. Leaving the
coast, England pushed into the interior,
while France annexed Algeria; Senegambia
and Sierra Leone. Generally the partition
of Africa went on slowly and peaceably,
and it was not until the Brussels confer-
ence in 1878 that the unrestrained scramble
began that has resulted In the division of
the entire continent among the different
nations of Europe. Thus in 1876, while
Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal
had located colonies on the coast of Africa,
the interior was held by the wild tribes that
occupied it against all foreign aggression.
The Berlin conference In 1876 was the time
at which the energetic division of the con-
tinent was inaugurated, and at the close of
1890 of the 11,900.000 square miles of ter-
ritory composing the continent of Africa
only some 1,500,030 remained open to seizure
by the nations of Europe. There were
even then some conflicting claims that had
not been settled, as the conflicts between
French, German and British Interests on
the Niger clearly testified. But these, to-
gether with the disputes between Portugal
and England in the upper Zambesi, have
been decided, or are in process of amicable
settlement, and it Is mainly the claims
that arise out of the British occupation of
Egypt and the Sudan that still appear to
threaten war.
The following table shows the possessions
held by each of the European nations, the
area of each and the estimated population:
Area, Popula-
Great Britain sq. m. tion.
Basutoland 10.293 218,902
Bechuanaland 170, 000 60, 376
Cape Colony 221,311 956,485
Central Africa 500,000 3,000,000
East Africa (pro.) 1,000,000
Mauritius 705 371,655
Natal 20,460 361,587
Niger coast (pro.)
1,768,148
150,000
175,000
6,817 f 265
4,212,732
65,000
6,900,000
3,500,000
200,000
2,750,000
250,000
182,764
Area Popula-
sq. m. tion.
Niger territories 500,000 30,000,000
South Africa 750,000
West Africa 66,271
Zanzibar 685
Zululand 12,500
Egypt (pro.) 10,698
France
Algeria 184,474
Comoro islands 758
Congo (French) 260,000
Madagascar 228,500
Obok 46,320
Reunion 300,000
Dahomey (pro.) 4,000
Senegal 140,000
Guinea
Sahara (pro.) 1,000,000
Tunis (pro.) 45,000
Mayotte 143
Nossi-Be 113
Ste. Marie 64
Germany
Cameroons 191,130
East Africa 400,000
Southwest Africa 350,000
Togoland 23, 160
Portugal-
Angola 517,200
Cape Verde islands 1,650
Guinea and Blssagos 14,000
East Africa 275,000
Italy
Somaliland and Galla-
land 190,000
Dahlak 420
Spain
Ifni 27
Fernando Po 850
Sahara coast 243,000
Omitting area over which only a protec-
torate Is established or maintained, the
area owned by these countries in Africa
may be roughly estimated as follows: Great
Britain, 2,250,000 square miles; France,
3.500,000; Germany, 890.000; Portugal, 900,-
000; Italy, 600,000, and Spain, 250.000. Be-
sides these possessions there are the Congo
Free State, 850,000 square miles; Liberia,
37,000; the Boer republics, 162,640, and un-
appropriated territory, 1,500,000.
1,500,000
9,598
7,803
7,667
4,570,000
4,000,000
250,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
110,926
800,000
1,500,000
400,000
2,000
6,000
30,000
100,000
THE WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF WINE.
According to the Moniteur Vinicole, the world's wine production for 1896 and 1897, by
countries, was as follows:
COUNTRIES.
1897.
1890.
COUNTRIES.
1897.
189C.
France
Algiers ,
Tunis
Italy ,
Spain
Portugal
Azores. Canary and Ma-
deira Islands ,
Austria
Hungary
Germany ,
Russia
Switzerland
Turkey and Cyprus
Gallons.
Gallons.
854,713,420 l,179.Sll.:>aO
107.001. OJO
2.501),9UO
M9,868.fi60
471.OfiS.fiOO
86,657,000
115,402.5tiO
2.377,800
685,83fi,780
510.338,000
Ot;,050,000
6,605,000
49,556,000
31,704.000
55.482,000
fifi.050.OUU
33,025,000
49,55,UOO
8,454,400
60,050,000
43,5113,000
82. !(,
76.618,000
3:1.630.000
80,581.000
Greece
Bulgaria
Servia
Roumania
United States
Mexico
Argentine Republic..
Chile
Brazil
Cape Colony
Persia
Australia
Gallons
31,704.000
28,797,800
21,306.4(10
85.544,000
30,303.740
1,585,200
3S.044.800
73.976.000
10.303,800
5,151,900
660.500
2, 104,220
Gallons.
56,803,000
35,931,2110
29,062.000
198.150.000
17,965,00
1,849.400
42.007,8(10
12,519,500
2,377,800
845,440
4,955,600
Total production ,
2348,478,930 3,262,103,820
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
DISARMAMENT OF ETJROPE-THE CZAR'S DECLARATION.
Following Is the text of the note which
was handed to the foreign diplomats at St.
Petersburg Aug. 24, 1898, by Count Mura-
vleff, Russian minister of foreign affairs, at
the dictation of Emperor Nicholas. The
czar's proposal In this note of a conference
looking to the preservation of peace was the
subject of world- wide discussion:
"The maintenance of general peace and
the possible reduction of the excessive arm-
aments which weigh upon all nations pre-
sent themselves in existing conditions to the
whole world as an ideal toward which the
endeavors of all governments should be di-
rected. The humanitarian and magnanimous
Ideas of his majesty the emperor, my august
master, have been won over to this view in
the conviction that this lofty aim is In con-
formity with the most essential interests
and legitimate views of all the powers; and
the Imperial government think*! the present
moment would be very favorable to seeking
the means. International discussion Is the
most effectual means of insuring all peoples'
benefit a real, durable peace, above all put-
ting an end to the progressive development
of the present armaments. In the course of
the last twenty years the longing for gen-
eral appeasement has grown especially pro-
nounced in the consciences of civilized na-
tions and the preservation of peace has
been put forward as an object of Interna-
tional policy. It Is in its name that great
states have concluded between themselves
powerful alliances.
"It is the better to guarantee peace that
they have developed in proportions hitherto
unprecedented their military forces, and still
continue to Increase them without shrinking
from any sacrifice. Nevertheless, all these
efforts have not been able to bring about
the beneficent result desired pacification.
The financial charges following the upward
march strike at the very root of public pros-
perity. The intellectual and physical
strength of the nations' labor and capital
are mostly diverted from their natural ap-
plication and are unproductively consumed.
Hundreds of millions are devoted to acquir-
ing terrible engines of destruction, which,
though to-day regarded as the last word of
science, are destined to-morrow to lose all
their value in consequence of some fresh
discovery In the same field. National cul-
ture, economic progress and the production
of wealth are either paralyzed or checked in
development. Moreover, in proportion as
the armaments of each power increase they
less and less fulfill the object the govern-
ments have set before themselves.
"The economic crisis, due in great part to
the system of armaments a entrance, and
the continual danger which lies in this
massing of war material are transforming
the armed peace of our days Into a crushing
burden which the peoples have more and
more difficulty in bearing. It appears evi-
dent that if this state of things were to be
prolonged it would inevitably lead to the
very cataclysm It is desired to avert and
the horrors whereof make every thinking be-
ing shudder in advance. To put an end to
these incessant armaments and to seek the
means of warding off the calamities which
are threatening the whole world such is
the supreme duty to-day Imposed upon all
states. Filled with this Idea, his majesty
has been pleased to command me to propose
to all the governments whose representa-
tives are accredited to the imperial court
the assembling of a conference which shall
occupy itself with this grave problem.
"This conference will be, by the help of
God, a happy presage for the century which
Is about to open. It would converge into
one powerful focus the efforts of all states
sincerely seeking to make the great concep-
tion of universal peace triumph over the
elements of trouble and discord, and it
would at the same time cement their
agreement by a corporate consecration of
the principles of equity and right whereon
rest the security of states and the welfare
of peoples."
TABLE OF WIND PRESSURES.
Adopted by the English navy. The following table, taken from London Engineering, was
prepared by Mr. J. T. Conor, ensineer-in-chief of the Portsmouth Dock Yard, and it gives the
figures adopted by the English navy for the pressure of the wind due to various velocities.
As the velocity table is in .English knots, we nave added a column of English miles.
Naut.
No. Name of wind.
1. Light air
2. Light wind
3. Light breeze
4. Moderate breeze
5. Fresh breeze
6. Strong breeze <
'elocity .Force pr.sq.
its. Mites, ft. in Uis.
1.15
2 30
3.45
4.60
5.75
6.90
8.05
9.20
10.35
11.50
12. 66
13.80
14.95
It!. 10
17.25
18.40
19.55
20.70
21.85
23. (JO
0.0067
0.027
0.000
0.107
0.167
0.240
0.327
0.427
0.540
0.067
0.807
0.960
1.13
i.'no
1.71
1.93
2.16
2.41
2.67
Naut.
No. Name of wind.
7. Moderate gale .
8. Fresh gale
9. Strong gale
10. Heavy gale
11. Storm.
12. Hurricane
. Velocity -Force pr.sq.
Knots. Miles, ft. in Ibs.
22 25.30 3.23
27.60
29.90
32.20
34.50
36.80
39.10
41.10
43.70
46.00
51.75
57.50
69.00
80.50
92.00
103.50
115.00
M
28
n
32
.< 34
f 36
} 38
j 40
S 45
j 50
f 60
I 70
' 80
IX)
[ 100
3.84
4.51
5.23
6.00
6.83
7.71
8.64
9.63
10.7
13.5
16.7
24.0
32.7
42.7
54.0
66.7
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
103
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
From Nov. 1, 1897, to April 25,
The record of events in the Cuban rebel-
lion, in The Daily News Almanac for 1898,
was brought down to Nov. 1, 1898.
Active hostilities were resumed between
the insurgent and Spanish forces at the
beginning of the winter season. There was
no yielding on the part of the rebel leaders,
but they were wary and were watching the
course of events in the United States, with
the expectation that this government would
intervene in their behalf. The reports of
starvation and suffering in Cuba were so
well attested that the American people
were rapidly approaching a condition of
sentiment which would ultimately force the
government to espouse -the cause of the
Cubans upon humanitarian grounds if upon
no other.
On the 8th of November Capt.-Gen.
Blanco issued a proclamation of amnesty
In the following terms:
"I pardon in full all those who have been
prosecuted for the crime of rebellion. Keb-
els prosecuted for common crimes, inde-
pendent of rebellion, such as spoliation,
immorality and the like, will be pardoned
as rebels, but judged for other offenses
committed by them. '
The proclamation of amnesty had no ef-
fect upon the rebels and passed without
notice from them. Nor did the offer of
autonomy, made by the Spanish govern-
ment late in October, 1897, have any effect
In placating the patriots or satisfying the
conservatives. At a mass-meeting of the
latter, held Oct. 25, it was unanimously
resolved that the conservative party should
energetically oppose autonomy and the pol-
icy of the Sagasta cabinet. The response
of the insurgents to the offer of auton-
omy was more energetic and pronounced.
Toward the end of October a proclamation
was Issued, signed by Capote, president of
the republic of Cuba, and countersigned
by Gens. Gomez and Garcia. The docu-
ment declared that the war would soon end
and in proof of the assertion presented the
following facts:
1. That the public assembly at Guima-
rilla for the election of a new president
was duly announced to the whole world
in spite of Spain's effort to prevent It.
2. The siege and capture of Victoria de
las Tunas.
3. The regular collection of taxes
throughout the island, due to complete civil
and military organization.
4. The stability of the Cuban government
in the free city of Cubitas, continually vis-
ited by noted journalists of the United
States, England and France, and never by
our enemy. .
5. The regular arrivals from abroad of
war materials, food and medical supplies,
and diplomatic and political correspond-
ence, papers, etc.
6. The establishment of diplomatic agen-
cies of the republic of Cuba in the princi-
pal countries.
7. That out of 250,000 men sent to Cuba
by Spain only 70,000 remain.
8. The lapse of two years and seven
months since the glorious Feb. 24, during
which time Spain has not been able to re-
conquer the island, to the astonishment of
the great European powers, which cannot
understand so long a war io our days.
Spain having at her disposal all the re-
sources of an established power.
9. The impossibility of Spain's floating in
Paris, London or Berlin a loan to continue
the war in Cuba, and the exhaustion of the
Spanish treasury.
10. The daily desertion from the Spanish
ranks of her soldiers, the lack of food ad-
mitted by the Madrid press, and the fact
that the Spanish treasury is eight months
in arrears In the pay of her troops.
11. The noted failures of Gens. Calleja,
Campos, Morin and Weyler.
12. The ruin of the interior and exterior
trade of the towns still in Spain's posses-
sion and the paralyzing of fatm work caused
by the Cuban republic.
13. The inaction of the Spanish troops in
Camaguey and in Santa Clara, where Go-
mez' Headquarters are, Weyler having sys-
tematically refused to fight.
14. The uselessness of the reconcentration
methods of Weyler.
The proclamation closes with a declara-
tion that autonomy will never be accepted;
that the assassination of their chiefs is not
to be forgotten and that their memory will
not be offended by surrendering to auton-
omy. The last sentence of the document is:
"Therefore, while rejecting the autonomy
so lately offered by Spain, we do not believe
it necessary to remind her that our laws
punish as guilty of .high treason all persons
who come to the territory of free Cuba with
overtures for the establishment of peace
through autonomy." As might be expected,
the Spaniards saw that autonomy was a
failure from the first and little effort was
made to establish it. -
On Sunday, Nov. 21, the palace of the
captain-general was ffeed upon by a party of
rebels from Casa Blanca, some 600 yards
across the entrance .to the harbor. Gen.
Rafael de Cardenas, with a band of fifty
rebels, had effected an entrance to Casa
Blanca shortly before midnight, and about 4
o'clock they retired, each man leading an
extra horse .loaded with booty of all kinds.
During the month engagements were re-
ported on the heights -of Romero, in Pinar
del Rio, and at La Cuchilla de los Caimitos,
In which the rebels were defeated with
slight loss. A little' later several rebel
camps at Aranjuez were broken up. An-
other engagement was reported at Piedra,
in Santiago province, In which the insur-
gents were forced to retreat.
An important victory was gained by the
rebels at Guisa, fifteen miles from Bayamo,
under the command of Gens. Rabi and Kios,
in which ninety Spaniards were killed be-
sides the commanding officer and several
blockhouses destroyed. A successful rebel
raid was made Dec. 9 on Calmanera, the
port of Guantanamo, and goods to the va'ue
of $30,000 were carried off. About the same
time a rebel force under Gen. Rabi besieged
the town of Guamo, near Cauto, and tfce
Spanish garrison was forced tt> retreat with
a loss of 150.
DEATH OF RUIZ.
One of the most tragic events of the war
was the death of .Toaquin Ruiz, who left
Havana on the 16th QI December for the
purpose of consulting' with, the insurgent
leaders with a view of inducing them to
accept the proffered autonomy proposed by
104
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
Spain. Ruiz was a lieutenant-colonel of en-
gineers in the Spanish army. He went to
the camp of Gen. Nestor Aranguren for the
purpose of inducing him to abandon the
rebel cause and to accept autonomy. The
two men were intimate friends and Ruiz
had no doubt as to the success of his mis-
sion. Ruiz perfectly understood the fact
that the proclamation of the president of
the Cuban republic threatened with death
any one who should enter their camps offer-
ing terms of peace upon any terms other
than complete independence. As Ruiz did
not return to Havana at the time specified
upon his departure Gen. Blanco became
alarmed for his safety and asked the aid of
Consul-General Lee to obtain his release if
he was a prisoner. Ruiz had already been
executed and the following is the official re-
port of the circumstances: "Col. Ruiz
wrote to Aranguren saying he wished to
have an interview with him, but Aranguren
refused to enter into the proposition, know-
ing the purpose of his visit. In the face of
this and in spite of the counsels of his
friends in Havana, Ruiz went on his mis-
sion. Only four days previously Aranguren
bad solemnly bound himself by oath to fight
to the death for independence. He only did
his duty as a soldier in ordering an instant
court-martial, which tried Ruiz and or-
dered him to be shot to death. Aranguren
declares that Ruiz entered the Cuban camp
accompanied by two guides who were de-
serters from the rebel army: that he bore
no flag of truce, and that the moment he
came into Aranguren's presence he broached
the subject of autonomy and amnesty in the
hearing of several of Arauguren's officers."
In answer to the criticisms passed upon
Aranguren for this act the Cuban junta in
New York made the following explanation
in justification of Aranguren's conduct:
"Col. Ruiz tried to avail himself of Aran-
guren's friendship to win the young Cuban
chief over to the Spanish cause. He was
warned by Aranguren not to take the fatal
step, as he knew what the consequences
would be. He did not heed his friend's ad-
vice and went. Now Ruiz was a military
man and knew what military orders meant
and how military men have to act in such
cases. The Cuban war is no 'child's play
and decrees are not made to be set aside at
the pleasure of the first-comer. No mili-
tary chief in the world would tolerate any
emissary of the enemy to come freely among
his men and promote desertion, destroy dis-
cipline and demoralize them with offers of
any kind. Aranguren acted as any mili-
tary man would have done in his place.
Perhaps no one more than he deplores what
has happened; yes, the case may be de-
plored, but It was justifiable. It was dire
necessity."
The death of Ruiz was avenged on the
19th of January. Aranguren was in the
habit of visiting a lady in the Tapaste
hills, in the province of Havana. On this
occasion he was betrayed by Clando Mo-
rales, a negro camp follower of the insur-
gents. The house was surrounded and Aran-
guren, his mistress, her sister, Aranguren's
body servant and a child were all killed.
Although an election had been held in
September, at w r hich Capote had been
chosen president, another was ordered in
December, at which Bartolome Masso was
selected as his successor. This peculiar
proceeding wa due to the fact that the
military leaders were distrustful of Capote
in case terms of peace should be offered by
Spain to the insurgents. The leaders were
opposed to any treating with Spain or to
the receptiou of any proposals except inde-
pendence from the mother country. On the
21st of January it was reported from Ha-
vana that Esperanza, the rebel capital in
the Cubitas hills, had been captured by a
Spanish force under Gen. Castello, with
2,600 troops. He is reported to have burned
all the houses in the city, together with the
government buildings, and that on the fol-
lowing day he met and routed a rebel force
of 2,500 men in the Infierno forests.
The reversal of Weyler's orders respecting
the reconcentrados on the 10th of Novem-
ber had no effect in improving the condi-
tion of those unfortunates or in relieving
the distress and suffering of the pacificos.
Early in 1898 several United States sen-
ators visited Cuba with the view of ascer-
taining the exact condition of affairs. The
reports of these men electrified the whole
country as well as congress, and the speeches
of Senators Galiinger of New Hampshire,
Thurston of Nebraska and Proctor of Ver-
mont portrayed the actual condition of the
starving, suffering people of Cuba. Senator
Proctor made his report to the senate on the
17th of March in a long speech, from which
the following is an extract:
"West of Havana is mainly the rich to-
bacco country; east, so far as I went, a
sugar region. Nearly all the sugar mills
are destroyed between Havana and Sagua.
Two or three were standing in the vicinity
of Sagua and in part running, surrounded,
as are the villages, by trochas and 'forts,'
or palisades of the royal palm, and fully
guarded. Toward and near Cienfuegos
there were more mills running, but all with
the same protection. All the country peo-
ple in the four western provinces, about
400.000 in number, remaining outside the
fortified towns when Weyler's order was
made, were driven into these towns, and
these are the reconcentrados.' They were
the peasantry, many of them farmers, some
land-owners, others renting lands, and own-
ing more or less stock; others working on
estates and cultivating small patches, and
even a small patch in that fruitful clime
will support a family. Some of them had
houses of stone, the blackened walls of
which are all that remain to show that the
country was ever inhabited. The first
clause of Weyler's order reads as follows:
'First All the inhabitants of the. country or
outside the line of fortifications of the
towns shall, within the period of eight days,
concentrate themselves in the town so oc-
cupied by the troops. Any individual who.
after the expiration of this period, is found
in the uninhabited parts will be considered
a rebel and tried as such.' Many doubtless
did not learn of this order. Others failed
to grasp its terrible meaning. Its execu-
tion was left largely to the guerrillas to
drive in all that had not obeyed, and I was
informed that in many cases a torch was
applied to their homes with no notice and
the inmates fled with such clothing as they
might have on, their stock and other be-
longings being appropriated by the guer-
rillas. When they reached the town they
were allowed to build huts of palm leaves
in the suburbs and vacant places within the
trochas. and left to live if they could.
Their huts are about 10 by 15 feet in size
and for want of space are usually crowded
together very closely. They have no floor
but the ground and no furniture, and after
a year's wear but little clothing except
such stray substitutes as they can extem-
porize. With large families or with more
THE CUBAN REVOLT.
105
than one in this little space, the commonest
sanitary provisions are impossible. Condi-
tions are unmentionable in this respect.
Torn from their homes, with foul earth, foul
air, foul water and foul food, or none, what
wonder that one-half have died and that
one-quarter of the living are so diseased
that they cannot be saved!
"Of the hospitals I need not speak.
Others have described their condition far
better than I can. It is not within the nar-
row limits of my vocabulary to portray it.
I went to Cuba with a strong conviction
that the picture had been overdrawn; that
a few cases of starvation and suffering had
inspired and stimulated the press corre-
spondents, and they had given free play to a
strong, natural and highly cultivated imag-
ination. What I saw I cannot tell so that
others can see it. It must be seen with
one's own eyes to be realized. The Los
Pasos hospital in Havana has been recently
described by one of my colleagues. Senator
Gallinger, and I cannot say that his picture
was overdrawn, for even his fertile pen
could 'not do more. He visited it after Dr.
Lescar, one of Miss Barton's very able and
efficient assistants, had renovated it and
put in cots. I saw it when 400 women and
children were lying on the stone floors in an
Indescribable state of emaciation and dis-
ease, many with the scantiest covering of
rags and such rags! and sick children,
naked as they came Into the world. And
the conditions in the other cities are even
worse.
"When will the need for this help end?
Not until peace comes and the reconcen-
trados can go back to their country, rebuild
their homes, reclaim their tillage plats,
which quickly run up to brush in that won-
derful soil and clime, and until they can be
free from danger of molestation in so doing.
Until then the American people must in
the main care for them. It is true that
the alcaldes, other local authorities and re-
lief committees are now trying to do some-
thing, and desire, I believe, to do the best
they can. But the problem is beyond their
means and capacity and the work is one to
which they are not accustomed."
Xo accurate report has been made, and
probably it is impossible to make one, that
will give the number of deaths by starva-
tion that followed Weyler's order for con-
centrating the non-combatants in the forti-
fied towns held by the Spanish forces, but
conservative estimates place the number at
from 200,000 to 400,000 persons.
AN APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE.
On the 17th of March the Cuban junta In
New York issued the following address:
"To the American People: The frequency
with which there have lately appeared in
the public press suggestions made by ma-
licious or misinformed Individuals that
Cuba would accept or could be forced to ac-
cept autonomy, or anything short of Inde-
pendence, has Impelled us to make a defi-
nite and final statement on this subject.
"From the first our motto has been 'In-
dependence or death.' We are now more
irmly than ever determined to carry out our
programme. As we will not accept, we will
not even discuss the proposals of autonomy.
After three years of the most sanguinary,
barbarous and uncivilized warfare of mod-
ern times, carried on by Spain, we are
stronger than ever. It is for us to say what
will satisfy us. not for others. Our ideals
and our national honor we can confide to
the keeping of ourselves alone.
"I cannot think that the American people
have forgotten the principle laid down in
their own declaration of independence, nor
can I believe that any true American can be
found who would advise us to forsake the
ideal of republican government for the mo-
narchical, even in its most liberal form.
"There is no way to compel the Cubans
to accept autonomy except by force of arms.
We have fought three years, not against
Spain alone, but against the whole world.
Not a helping band was extended to us, no
country gave us equal rights with Spain.
The right to arm our people by purchasing
weapons in this country and transporting
them to Cuba is admitted, but although en-
gaged in lawful traffic we had to run the
blockade to get from these shores, and again
run the gantlet in Cuba. Our ships and
cargoes were seized, subjected to delay, but
invariably restored by the slow and costly
process of the law. Nevertheless we never
faltered. We always appreciated the fact
that the sympathy of the American people
was with us. Spain has proved impotent to
compel us by force to accept autonomy.
She now desires the aid of the United
States to compel us to accept.
"I cannot believe that the American peo-
ple would lend themselves to the most
treacherous and bloodstained monarchy of
history for such a purpose. Should such
prove to be the case, however, I declare in
the name of the Cuban people in arms that
force alone can compel our submission. We,
who have seen hundreds of thousands of
our race and families exterminated by slow
starvation by a cowardly decree of the most
inhuman commander of sanguinary Spain,
will fight against anything but independ-
ence, no matter who opposes us.
"If, unfortunately, this incredible pro-
posal be carried into effect, and American
bayonets are arrayed against us in our
struggle for freedom and in aid of the
Spanish monarchy, we will fight on, sadly
but determinedly, and let history judjre
whether the vanquished had not a purer
ideal of free Institutions than the victors.
In such case we will be exterminated, but
future generations will again take up our
flag and our aspirations and Cuba will yet
be free. Nor will we ever agree to a truce
until our independence is established. We
will continue to fight, as did the Americans
under Jackson at the battle of New Orleans,
even after the treaty of peace is signed, if
it should be necessary.
"The Cubans cannot be convinced that
the United States will ever try to force us
to remain under the Spanish flag, but I have
deemed it my duty to appeal to the gener-
osity, the sympathy and the patriotism of
the American people, to the end that they
may understand the justice and firmness of
our demand for complete independence.
"TOMAS ESTRADA PALMA."
In the senate several resolutions were in-
troduced which expressed the sense of that
body upon the Cuban situation. On the
29th of March the following resolutions were
offered. Those by Senator Allen (Pop.) of
Nebraska were as follows:
"Whereas. The war now and for some
time past being waged between the king-
dom of Spain and the Cuban insurgents h>is
fully demonstrated the total inability of the
former to subdue the insurgents; and,
"Whereas, Said war has become one of
extermination by starvation, and the dic-
tates of Christian civilization and common
humanity alike demand the spoedy cessa-
tion ef hostilities and the Immediate ter-
106
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
initiation of the deliberately planned starva-
tion now going on in the island of Cuba;
and,
"Whereas, Under existing circumstances
It is the bounden duty of the United States
to intervene; and,
"Whereas, The assertion of the Monroe
doctrine, forbidding interference of foreign
powers in the affairs of any state or nation
on the western hemisphere, creates an
obligation on the part of the United States
to guarantee the people thereof against un-
usual cruelties and barbarities and exter-
mination by any such foreign power; and,
"Whereas, The Cubans have, in the opin-
ion of the American people and of congress,
by their valor and sacrifices during the four
years of war, won their independence from
Spain and are entitled to political recogni-
tion by the United States; and,
"Whereas, It is apparent that Spain can
no longer govern or control the people of
Cuba; therefore,
"Resolved, by the senate and the house of
representatives. "That the republic of Cuba,
now and for some time maintained by force
of arms, is hereby recognized by the United
States of America as a separate and inde-
pendent nation; that the United States shall
immediately intervene and put an end to
the war now being waged on the island of
Cuba, and shall succor and release from im-
prisonment the people there concentrated
for the purpose of starvation and exter-
mination; and be It further
i "Resolved, That for the purpose of en-
' ablins the president of the United States to
provide for concentrated non-combatant
Cubans with the necessary food, raiment
and medicine for their immediate relief
from starvation the sum of $500,000, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, is here-
by appropriated out of any money in the
treasury not otherwise appropriated."
Senator Foraker (Rep.) of Ohio offered the
following:
"Be it resolved by the senate and the
house of representatives of the United
States of America:
"1. That the people of the island of Cuba
are, and of right ought to be, free and inde-
pendent.
"2. That the government of the United
States hereby recognizes the republic of
Cuba as the true and lawful government of
that island.
"3. That the war Spain is waging against
Cuba is so destructive of the commercial
and property interests of the United States
and so cruel, barbarous and inhuman in
its character as to make it the duty of
the United States to demand, and the gov-
ernment of the United States does hereby
demand, that she at once withdraw her land
and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban
waters.
"4. That the president of the United
States be and hereby is authorized, em-
powered and directed to use if necessary
the entire land and naval forces of the
United States to carry these resolutions into
effect."
Senator Frye (Rep.) of Maine presented
these:
"Whereas, The war which has been waged
In the island of Cuba for the last three
years has been conducted by the Spanish
government in violation of the rales of
civilized warfare; said government has
driven the unarmed and peaceable inhab-
itants from their homes and forced them
within the armed camps, where it has per-
mitted hundreds of thousands of men,
women and children to die of starvation.
and as a result of this system of inhuman
warfare tens of thousands of the helpless
people are now dying for want of food; and,
"Whereas, The war has paralyzed and
almost destroyed the large commercial rela-
tions which have heretofore existed be-
tween the United States and Cuba, and has
rendered useless and brought to ruin the
many millions of dollars of property of
American citizens invested in the island;
and,
"Whereas, The existence and prolongation
of the hostilities have imposed heavy finan-
cial expenditures and burdensome official
labors upon the government of the United
States in the enforcement of its neutrality
laws; and,
"Whereas, The consuls of the United
States and other impartial and competent
observers have reported that the Spanish
government has lost control of much of the
greater portion of the island; that it is
powerless to restore its authority and brig
about peace, and that a continuance of the
contest will have no other effect than to
increase the horrors, misery and starvation
which now exist, to utterly extinguish the
commerce with and destroy the property of
American citizens and add to the expense
and burdens of the government of the
United States; therefore,
"Resolved, by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of
America in congress assembled, That the
E resident of the United States be and he is
ereby directed and empowered to take such
effective steps as in his discretion may be
necessary to secure a speedy termination of
the hostilities between the government of
Spain and the people of Cuba, the with-
drawal of the military and naval forces of
Spain from said island and the complete
independence of said people."
Senator Rawlins (Rep.) of Utah offered
the following:
"Whereas, The war waged by the kingdom
of Spain against the people of Cuba has
destroyed the commerce between them and
the people of the United States, and its
revival will be impossible so long as such
war may continue; and.
"Whereas, By the authority of that king-
dom, in the course of such war, much
American property has been destroyed and
many American citizens, -without just
cause, have been Imprisoned and some as-
sassinated in their prison cells; and,
"Whereas, While our ship Maine was at
anchor in the harbor of Havana, within the
dominion and under the control of the king-
dom of Spain, at a place designated by her
authority, that ship and most of the men on
board in the service of their country, by the
explosion of a submarine mine, were will-
fully, wickedly and treacherously mangled
and destroyed; and.
"Whereas, The kingdom of Spain has
proved herself incompetent to tranquillize
the island of Cuba either by the methods of
peace or by means of civilized warfare, and,
accordingly, has proceeded to make desolate
the homes of its peaceful inhabitants, driv-
ing men, women and children into guarded
camps, detaining them there without mak-
ing provisions to shelter, clothe or feed
them, thus willfully causing their exter-
mination to the number of hundreds of thou-
sands by the slow and torturous process of
starvation; and.
"Whereas, Against these wrongs, against
these revolting acts of inhumanity, this gov-
ernment has time and again made peaceful
protest to the kingdom of Spain, at the
same time endeavoring by a helpful char
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
107
ity to relieve those whom she has thus
brought to such dire distress, and our re-
peated protests hayiug boon disregarded and
our efforts of philanthropy having proved
unavailing; and,
"Whereas, Firmly convinced that further
peaceful protest will prove equally in vain
and that the recognition of the Independ-
ence of the republic of Cuba and armed
intervention in its behalf by this govern-
ment will alone be effective for the redress
of past and the prevention of future wrongs;
and,
"Whereas, While regretting the necessity
now imperious for such action, but mind-
ful of our duty to a neighboring people and
to humanity, and with a clear consciousness
as to the justness of our cause and that our
action will meet with the approving judg-
ment of all civilized peoples; now, there-
fore, be It
" Resolved, by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of
America in congress assembled, That the
independence of the republic of Cuba be
and the same is hereby recognized, and that
war against the kingdom of Spain be and
the same is hereby declared, and that the
president is hereby authorized and directed
to employ the land and naval forces of the
United States of America to wage such war
to success."
The feeling in the house of representa-
tives was as pronounced as in the senate,
although less active. On the 30th of March
Representative Mahany (Rep.) of New York
presented the following:
"Whereas, It has been the immemorial
spirit of the American republic to foster,
with due respect to the just restrictions of
international obligations, the growth of
freedom everywhere in the world, and es-
pecially in the western hemisphere; and,
"Whereas, The kingdom of Spain has dur-
ing the last three years failed utterly t<
maintain its dominion in the island of Cuba,
or to exhibit the attributes of actual sov-
eignty, either in the conduct of the war or
the civil administration of the law; and,
"Whereas, During the same period the
Cuban insurgents have continuously had
and victoriously defended nine-tenths of
Cuban territory; and,
"Whereas, The war as now prosecuted by
the Spanish forces in that island dooms un-
counted thousands of non-combatants old,
helpless men, defenseless women and chil-
drento the inconceivable horrors of death
by starvation; now, therefore, be it
"Resolved, by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of
America in congress assembled, That the
American people, impelled by a solemn
sense of their duty to humanity and ani-
mated with a Just regard for the rights of
a people who have heroically sacrificed and
nobly battled to be free, do hereby recog-
nize the republic of Cuba as a free and in-
dependent state and welcome her to the sis-
terhood of republics in the western world."
Similar resolutions were offered by Brod-
erick (Rep.) of Kansas, Wheeler (Deru.) O f
Alabama, Adamson (Dem.) of Georgia, Todd
(Pop.) of Michigan and others.
The result of these resolutions was a con-
ference committee of the two houses of con-
gress, when the fallowing preamble and
resolutions were agreed upon and adopted
April 19, 1898:
"Whereas, The abhorrent conditions
which have existed for more than three
years in the island of Cuba, so near our
own borders, have shocked the moral sense
of the people of the United States, have
been a disgrace to Christian civilization,
culminating, as they have, in the destruc-
tion of a United States battleship, with 266
of its officers and crew, while on a friendly
visit in the harbor of Havana, and cannot
longer be endured, as has been set forth
by the president of the United States in
his message to congress, April 11, 1898, upon
which the action of congress was invited;
therefore,
"Resolved, by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of
America in congress assembled:
"1. That the people of the island of Cuba
are, and of right ought to be, free and in-
dependent.
"2. That it is the duty of the United
States to demand, and the government of
the United States does hereby demand, that
the government of Spain at once relinquish
its authority and government in the island
of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval
forces from Cuba and Cuban waters.
"3. That the president of the United
States be. and he hereby is, directed and
empowered to use the entire land and naval
forces of the United States, and to call into
the actual service of the United States the
militia of the several states, to such an ex-
tent as may be necessary to carry these
resolutions into effect.
"4. That the United States hereby dis-
claims any disposition or intention to exer-
cise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control over
said island, except for the pacification
thereof; and asserts its determination,
when that is accomplished, to leave the gov-
ernment and control of the island to its peo-
ple."
Adopted by Senate Yeas, 42; nays, 35.
Adopted by House Yeas, 310; nays, 6
war bill was passed by congress pursuant to
the request or the president, as conveyed in
his message to congress bearing date April
25, 1898.
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
In his message to congress, transmitted on
the 6th of December. 1897, the president re-
viewed the history of the relations subsist-
ing between the United States and the gov-
ernment of Spain in which the island of
Cuba was involved for the last seventy-five
or eighty years. This message may be
found in The Daily News Almanac for 1898,
page 216.
The war with Spain was not inspired on
the part of this country either by a spas-
modic outburst of sympathy for the Cuban
patriots or by a sudden resentment against
Spain for her efforts to force the suffering
insurgents again into a condition worse
than that of servitude. Nor was it encour-
aged by the American people against a na-
tion their inferiors in every way with the
expectation or hope of acquiring territorial
or financial gain or benefit. For more than
half a century the people of the United
States had witnessed the almost continuous
efforts of the Cubans to free themselves
from a government wholly infamous and
universally detested by the vast majority of
the Inhabitant* of the island. They had
108
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOE 1899.
seen the insurgents cruelly butchered after
each failure to secure their freedom and
basely cheated in all the promises that
Spain had made to better their condition.
They understood that Spain had become in-
capable of governing Cuba because the
measures employed by her for that purpose
were those of past centuries, which the
civilized world had long ago outgrown and
abandoned. They understood that Cuba was
held by Spain only for the purpose of plun-
dering and robbing her people for the benefit
of the Spanish treasury and the corrupt and
dishonest horde of officials sent by the
home government to enrich themselves at
the expense of a suffering race. Through
all this long period public opinion in the
United States was gradually becoming more
and more in favor of freedom for the Cubans
and for the extinction of Spanish tyranny on
this continent. The government of the
United States had been exceedingly con-
servative upon the subject of the various
Cuban revolutions. Peace and friendly rela-
tions had long existed between the two
countries, although the efforts of lawless in-
dividuals who sympathized with the insur-
gents in Cuba had several times nearly in-
volved the government in war with Spain.
It had come to be simply a question of
time when the people of the United States
would force the government to intervene in
the affairs of Cuba and put a stop to the
wars and disorders that had been increasing
in number and severity for the last fifty
years. Besides this, American interests in
Cuba were increasing in value and im-
portance, while the trade and commerce
between this country and the island were
becoming too important to be disturbed or
sacrificed by the disordered condition of po-
litical affairs. It will thus be seen that
the people of the United States, as
well as their government, had reached the
firm conviction that safety for themselves
demanded that Spanish rule in Cuba must
and should terminate. This was the uni-
versal sentiment in this country when con-
gress met in December, 1897, the only differ-
ence of opinion being as to how such a de-
sirable condition of things should or could
be brought about.
A short synopsis of the various revolution-
ary movements in Cuba for the last seventy-
five years may not be devoid of interest, as
they tend to show the spirit and determina-
tion of the Cubans and the difficulty this
country has had in preserving the friend'y
relations that existed unbroken between the
United States and Spain. An English au-
thority, in speaking of Cuba, said, as long
ago as 1875, that "the deprivation of polit-
ical, civil and religious liberty, and the ex-
clusion from all public stations, combined
with heavy taxation to maintain the
standing army and navy, have resulted
in a deadly hatred between the native
Cubans and the mass of officials sent
from Spain. This has manifested itself in
frequent uprisings for greater privileges and
freedom." Inspired by these acts of injus-
tice the first revolution broke out in 1829 and
is known in history as the conspiracy of the
"Black Eagle." This was quickly sup-
pressed and most of the participants who
were taken alive were put to death. In
1844 the black population in the province of
Matanzas revolted, but little or nothing was
done that could give it the character of nn
armed revolution except the severity with
which the Spanish government treated those
who were supposed to have been involved in
it. More than 1,300 persons were convicted
of complicity with the affair; about eighty
were shot, a large number of others were
variously punished and the incident was
over. Of those convicted only fourteen were
white, while 1,242 were free colored and
some sixty were slaves.
The Lopez conspiracy was fomented in
1849. Narciso Lopez, a Venezuelan by birth
but a Spanish officer by profession, made an
attempt to invade Cuba with a small fili-
bustering force, but was intercepted by the
Spanish authorities and his efforts were
held in abeyance. The next year he resumed
operations and effected a landing at Car-
denas with 600 men, but before he obtained
a foothold he was compelled to abandon the
undertaking and to re-embark his men. hie
was pursued to Key West by a Spanish ves-
sel. In 1851 he attempted to take advantage
of a revolt in Cuba and set out from New
Orleans with 450 men and landed at Play-
itas, near Havana. Meeting a strong Span-
ish force he retreated into the interior and
he and all his companions were captured.
Lopez was taken to Havana, where he was
garroted Aug. 16, 1851. Of his companions
some were shot, but the most of them were
transported and afterward pardoned.
In 1854 another filibustering expedition
was set on foot by Gen. Quitinan of Missis-
sippi, who was a veteran of the Mexican
war. The leaders were betrayed and the at-
tempt wholly failed.
While the government of the United
States did its best to prevent its citizens
from engaging in these lawless adventures
they served to seriously complicate the rela-
tions between the government and Spain.
The Madrid government was displeased with
the act of this country when, in 1852, it de-
clined to join with France and Great Brit-
ain in a treaty, guaranteeing to Spain the
possession of Cuba, and this made her still
more alert against all revolutionary move-
ments on the island and watchful for Amer-
ican connection with them. This led to
collisions between Spain and American citi-
zens, of which the attack on an American
steamer, the Black Warrior, by a Spanish war
vessel was an instance. To put an end to
all causes of trouble between Spain and the
United States President Polk proposed to
the Spanish government a transference of
the island of Cuba to this country for the
sum of $1,000,000, which was refused. Ten
years later a proposal was debated in con-
gress to offer Spain $30,000,000 for the island,
but nothing came of it.
The breaking out of the revolution in
Spain which resulted in the abdication of
8ueen Isabella, in 1868, encouraged the
uban liberals to set on foot a new revolt.
In October of that year Carlos M. de Ces-
pedes collected a force of 128 men near
Bayamo and issued a declaration of inde-
pendence Oct. 10. dated at Manzanillo. The
rebellion immediately assumed formidable
proportions and within three weeks Ces-
pedes had a rabble of nearly 15,000 poorly
armed but determined men at his com-
mand. On the 18th of October, 1868, the
city of Bayamo was taken, and on the 28th
the jurisdiction of Holguin revolted. In No-
vember the insurgents defeated a Spanish
force sent against them from Santiago de
Cuhj). and a number of Spanish-American
republics recognized the belligerency of the
Cuban patriots. For the first two years of
the revolution the insurgents were almost
uniformly successful. They maintained an
army of 50.000 men, but they had great diffi-
culty in supplying them with arms and am-
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
109
munition. The result was that in 1871 a
large portion of the rebel forces in central
Cuba laid down their arms! Gen. Agra-
monte, however, refused to do so, and, with
his cavalry as a nucleus, he organized an
army and kept up the war for two years un-
til he was killed. In 1873 Cespedes, who had
been chosen president of the republic of
Cuba by the provisional congress, was de-
posed and Cisneros was chosen in his place.
Cespedes was later billed by the Spaniards.
In a desultory way the war was continued
until 1878, when Gen. Martinez Campos on
behalf of Spain brought it to a close by
promises of concessions and reforms, and
a treaty of peace was entered Into near Kl
Zanjon in February of that year. In this
ten years of war Spain employed 235,298
men, of whom 81,098 died or were killed.
No one of the promises made by Gen. Cam-
pos, as a condition for the surrender of the
rebels, was ever kept.
The Virginius affair did more than any
previous incident to arouse the American
people against Spain. The Virginius was a
blockade-running steamer that was taken
during our civil war and sold as a prize.
She was purchased by an American and
given an American register. While cruising
in Caribbean waters she was captured by
the Spanish gunboat Tornado. Oct. 31, 1873,
and taken into the port of Santiago de Cuba.
She had on board 155 persons, some of whom
were British and others American subjects.
The men were immediately tried, and before
Nov. 8 six British and thirty Americans had
been shot. Further executions were pre-
vented by the arrival of the British warship
Niobe, commanded by Sir Lambton Lorraine,
who threatened to bombard the city if the
executions were not stopped. The United
States government took the case in hand
and instructed Gen. Sickles, our minister at
Madrid, to demand satisfaction from Spain
for the outrage. It was not until Gen.
Sickles had demanded his passports from
the Spanish government that an arrange-
ment was effected. The result was that on
the 19th of December, 1873, the Virginius
and the surviving crew were surrendered to
the United States and the sum of $80,000
was paid by Spain as an indemnity to the
American families who had suffered by the
killing of their members. This brings the
story of Cuba's efforts for freedom and
America's connection therewith down to the
revolution that broke out in February, 1895.
It is unnecessary to go over the events of
this revolt, as they have been given in de-
tail in The Daily News Almanac for the
years 1896, 1897, 1898 and In the present
volume.
The devotion of the Cubans to their cause,
the brutality and inhumanity with which
the peaceable inhabitants of the island have
been treated and the inability of our gov-
ernment to induce Spain to adopt reforms in
the island that would be acceptable to tho
Cubans made intervention a duty the United
States could not evade. It is possible that
war might have been avoided had not a
number of unfortunate circumstances pre-
vented. The bitterness in Havana against
this country, the insulting procrastination
with which Spain treated every attempt of
the United States to bring about an amica-
ble settlement of existing difficulties, the
avowed determination of Weyler to depopu-
late the island by starving the non-comba-
tants, regardless of sex or age, and the
sacrifice of all American interests In Cuba
aroused the people of this country to a
pitch of feeling that was wholly new and
irresistible.
The first event after the beginning of the
new year (1898) to seriously disturb the pub-
lic mind was the publication of a letter
written by Senor de Lome, the Spanish
minister at Washington, to Jose Canalejas,
which contained very insulting and depre-
catory references to the president. This
letter was given out by the Cuban junta and
published Feb. 8, 1898. Literally translated
it was as follows:
"Legation de Espana, Washington. Eximo
Senor Don Jose Canalejas My Distinguished
and Dear Friend: You need not apologize
for not having written to me. I also ought
to have written to you, but have not done
so on account of being weighed down, with
work and nous sommes quittes.
"The situation here continues unchanged.
Everything depends on the political and
military success in Cuba. The prologue of
this second method of warfare will end the
day that the colonial cabinet will be ap-
pointed, and it relieves us in the eyes of
this country of a part of the responsibility
for what may happen there, and they must
cast the responsibility upon the Cubans,
whom they believe to be so Immaculate.
"Until then we will not be able to see
clealy, and I consider It to be a loss of
time and an advance by the wrong road, the
sending of emissaries to the rebel field, the
negotiating with the autonomists not yet
declared to be legally constituted and the
discovery of the intentions and purpose of
this government. The exiles will return one
by one, and when they return will come
walking Into tue sheepfold, and the chiefs
will gradually return. Neither of these had
the courage to leave en masse, and they will
not have the courage to thus return.
"The message has undeceived the insur-
gents, who expected something else, and has
paralyzed the action of congress, but I con-
sider it bad. Besides the natural and in-
evitable coarseness with which he repeats
all that the press and public opinion of
Spain, has said of Weyler, it shows once
more what McKinley is, weak and catering
to the rabble, and besides, a low politician,
who desires to leave a door open to me and
to stand well with th jingoes of his party.
"Nevertheless, as a matter of fact, it will
only depend on ourselves whether be will
prove bad and adverse to us. I agree en-
tirely with you, without a military success
nothing will be accomplished there, and
without military and political success there
is here always danger that the insurgents
will be encouraged, if not by the govern-
ment, at least by part of the public opinion.
"I do not believe you pay enough attention
to the role of England. Nearly all that
newspaper canaille which swarms in your
hotel are English, and at the same time
that they are correspondents of the Journal
they are also correspondents of the best
newspapers and reviews of London. Thus it
has been since the beginning. To my mind
the only object of England is that the
Americans should occupy themselves with
us and leave her in peace, and if there is a
war, so much the better; that would further
remove what Is threatening her although
that will never happen.
"It would be most important that you
should agitate the question of commercial
relations, even though it would be only for
110
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
effect, and that you should send here a man
of importance in order that I might use him
to make a propaganda among the senators
and others in opposition to the junta and to
win over exiles.
"There goes Amblarad. I believe he comes
too deeply taken up with little political
matters, and there must be something very
great or we shall lose.
"Adela returns your salutation, and we
wish you in the new year to be a messenger
of peace and take this New Year's present
to poop Spain.
"Always your attentive friend and serv-
ant, who kisses your hands,
"ENRIQUE DUPUY DE LOME."
While there was some question as to how
the letter came into the hands of the junta
there was no doubt of its authenticity, and
when De Lome was called before the secre-
tary of state to explain the matter he
promptly acknowledged the authorship and
assumed full personal responsibility for the
letter, which he declared Senor Canalejas
had never received. De Lome at once
cabled his resignation of office to Madrid,
which was Immediately accepted. While
the Spanish government expressed the most
profound regret for the misconduct of its
representative, the incident increased the
severe tension of the situation. The Span-
ish government at once appointed Senor
Polo y Bernabe to succeed De Lome as its
minister at Washington.
On the 24th of January the United States
battleship Maine, commanded by Capt. C.
D. Sigsbee, was ordered to the harbor of
Havana. The secretary of state, Mr. Day,
took special pains to explain this order by
publicly declaring that the vessel was
sent to Cuba not as a menace to Spain nor
for the purpose of protecting American in-
terests at Havana, but simply as an evi-
dence of "the resumption of friendly naval
relations with Spain." In the orders issued
to Capt. Sigsbee it was expressly set forth
that the vessel was only going to resume
friendly calls at Cuban ports. That such
was the full understanding of the order Is
attested by the declaration of the Spanish
minister at Washington, who said, regard-
ing the visit of the Maine to Havana, that
"the only remote contingency which might
lead to unpleasant consequences would be
gome overt act on the part of the insurgent
sympathizers with the hope of embroiling
Spain and the United States." In acknowl-
edgment of the visit of the Maine to Ha-
vana, the cruiser Vizcaya was ordered by
the Spanish government to visit American
ports, and did come to New York for
that purpose. The Maine had a crew of 354
men, and arrived at the harbor of Havana
on the 25th day of January, 1898. The ship
was assigned anchorage by the regular gov-
ernment pilot. On the 15th of February the
Maine was destroyed by an explosion. Of
her crew 266 men, including two officers,
were killed or received wounds of which
they afterward died. The explosion took
place at 9:40 In the evening. An account of
the affair was piven in these words: "The
night was intensely dark. At a distance of
200 or 300 yards from the doomed ship were
anchored the Ward line's steamer City of
Washington and the Spanish cruiser Alfonso
XII. The men were asleep below; Oapt.
Sigsbee WHS in his cabin. He had just fin-
ished writing a letter when the crash came.
Capt. Sigsbee said: 'The ship lurched heav-
ily to port and I knew In an instant what it
meant that my ship had blown up.' The
force of the explosion shook the whole water
front of the city and threw down many
telegraph and telephone poles. The cap-
tain's first order was to flood the magazines,
but they were already flooding themselves.
A great flame broke out from the Maine,
illuminating the whole harbor.
On the 8th and 9th of March congress
voted to place in the hands of the president
the sum of $50,000,000 to be expended as he
saw fit as an emergency fund to be used for
the protection of the government. Most of
this fund was expended in the purchase of
war vessels and naval supplies and to put
the army upon a war footing.
A naval court of inquiry was appointed to
ascertain the cause of the destruction of the
Maine, consisting^ of Capt. W. T. Sampson,
U. S. N.; Capt. F. E. Chadwick, U. S. N.;
Lieutenant-Commander A. Marix, U. S. N.,
and Lieutenant-Commander W. P. Potter,
U. S. N. Capt. Sampson was president of
the court and Lieutenant-Commander Marix
was the judge-advocate. The court began
its investigations at Havana on the 26th of
February, and after twenty-three days of
continuous investigation transmitted its
report, with the mass of testimony, to the
president on the 21st of March. The report
was as follows:
"United States Steamship Iowa, First
Rate, Key West, Fla., Monday. March 21,
1898. After full and mature consideration of
all the testimony before it, the court finds
as follows:
"1. That the United States battleship
Maine arrived in the harbor of Havana,
Cuba, on the 25th day of January, 1898, and
was taken to buoy No. 4, in from five and
one-half to six fathoms of water, by the
regular government pilot.
"The United States consul-general at Ha-
vana had notified the authorities at that
place the previous evening of the intended
arrival of the Maine.
"2. The state of discipline on board the
Maine was excellent, and all orders and
regulations in regard to the care and safety
of the ship were strictly carried out. All
ammunition was stowed away in accordance
with instructions, and proper care was
taken whenever ammunition was handled.
Nothing was stowed in any one of the maga-
zines or shellrooms which was not per-
mitted to be stowed there. The magazines
and shellrooms were always locked after
having been opened, and after the destruc-
tion of the Maine the keys were found in
their proper place in the captain's cabin,
everything having been reported secure that
evening at 8 o'clock.
"The temperatures of the magazines and
shellrooms were taken daily and reported.
The only magazine which had an undue
amount of heat was the after ten-inch
magazine, and that did not explode at the
time the Maine was destroyed.
"The torpedo war heads were all stowed
in the after part of the ship under the
wardroom and neither caused nor partici-
pated in the destruction of the Maine.
"The dry gun cotton primers .and deto-
nators were stowed in the cabin aft and re-
mote from the scene of the explosion.
"The waste was carefully looked after on
board the Maine to obviate danger. Special
orders in regard to this had been given by
the commanding officer.
"Varnishes, driers, alcohol and other com-
bustibles of this nature were stowed on or
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
Ill
above the main deck and could not have
bad anything to do with the destruction of
the Maine.
"The medical stores were stowed aft un-
der the wardroom and remote from the scene
of explosion. No dangerous stores of any
kind were stowed below In any part of the
other storerooms.
"The coal bunkers were Inspected. Of
these bunkers adjoining the forward maga-
zine and shellrooms four were empty,
namely, B 3, B 4, B 5 and B 6. A 15 had
been in use that day and A 16 was full of
New River coal. This coal had been care-
fully inspected before receiving It on board.
The bunker In which It was stored was ac-
cessible on three sides at all times, and the
fourth side at this time, on account of
bunkers B 4 and B 6 being empty. This
bunker, A 16, had been inspected that day
by the engineer officer on duty.
"The flre-alarms In the bunkers were in
working order, and there had never been a
case of spontaneous combustion of coal on
board the Maine.
"The two after boilers of the ship were In
use at the time of the disaster, but for aux-
iliary purposes only, with a comparatively
low pressure of steam, and being tended by
a reliable watch. These boilers could not
have caused the explosion of the ship. The
four forward boilers have since been found
by the divers, and are In a fair condition.
"On the night of the destruction of the
Maine everything had been reported secure
for the night at 8 p. m. by reliable persons,
through the proper authorities, to the com-
manding officer. At the time the Maine was
destroyed the ship was quiet, and therefore
least liable to accident caused by move-
ments from those on board.
"3. The destruction of the Maine occurred
at 9:40 p. m. on the 15th day of February,
1898, In the harbor of Havana, Cuba, being
at the time moored at the same buoy to
which she had been taken upon her arrival.
"There were two explosions of a distinctly
different character, with a very short but
distinct Interval between them, and the
forward part of the ship was lifted to a
marked degree at the time of the first ex-
plosion.
"The first explosion was more In the
nature of a report like that of a gun, while
the second explosion was more open, pro-
longed and of greater volume. The second
explosion was, in the opinion of the court,
caused by the partial explosion of two or
more of the forward magazines of the
Maine.
"The evidence bearing on this, being
principally obtained from divers, did not
enable the court to form a definite conclu-
sion as to the condition of the wreck, al-
though it was established that the after
part of the ship was practically intact, and
sunk in that condition a very few minutes
after the destruction of the forward part.
"The following facts In regard to the for-
ward part of the ship are, however, estab-
lished by the testimony:
"That portion of the port side of the
protective deck which extends from about
frame 30 to about frame 41 was blown up
aft and over to port. The main deck, from
about frame 30 to obout frame 41, was
blown up aft and slightly over to starboard,
folding the forward part of the middle su-
perstructure over and on top of the after
paTt.
"This was. In the opinion of the court,
caused by the partial explosion of two or
more of the forward magazines of the
Maine.
"5. At frame 17 the outer shell of the
ship, from a point eleven and one-half feet
from the middle line of the ship and six
feet above the keel, when in its normal po-
sition, has been forced up so as to be now
about four feet above the surface of the
water; therefore, about thirty-four feet
above where it would be had the ship sunk
uninjured. The outside bottom plating is
bent Into a reversed V shape, the after
wing of which, about fifteen feet broad and
thirty-two feet in length, from frame 17 to
frame 25, is doubled back upon Itself
against the continuation of the same plating
extending forward.
"At frame 18 the vertical keel Is broken
In two and the flat keel bent Into an angle
similar to the angle formed by the outside
bottom plating. This break is now about
six feet oelow the surface of the water and
about thirty feet above its normal position.
"In the opinion of the court this effect
could have been produced only by the explo-
sion of a mine situated under the bottom of
the ship at about frame 18 and somewhat on
the port side of the ship.
"6. The court finds that the loss of the
Maine, on the occasion named, was not In
any respect due to fault or negligence on
the part of any of the officers or members of
the crew of said vessel.
"7. In the opinion of the court the Maine
was destroyed by the explosion of a subma-
rine mine, which caused the partial explo-
sion of two or more of her forward maga-
zines.
"8. The court has been unable to obtain
evidence fixing the responsibility for the de-
struction of the Maine upon any person or
persons. W. T. SAMPSON,
"Captain, D. S. N., President.
"A. MARIX,
"Lieutenant-Commander, U. S. N., Judge-
Advocate.
"The court, having finished the inquiry it
was ordered to make, adjourned at 11 a. m.
to Bwait the action of the convening au-
thority. W. T. SAMPSON,
"Captain, U. S. N.. President.
"A. MARIX,
"Lieutenant-Commander, U. S. N., Judge-
Advocate.
"U. S. Flagship New York, March 22, 1898,
off Key West, Fla."
"The proceedings and findings of the court
of inquiry in the above case are approved.
"M. STCARD,
"Rear- Admiral, Commander=iB-Chief of the
U. S. Naval Force on the North Atlantic
Station."
(In this connection see president's- mes-
sage on the same subject under the heading
"Messages of the President," in this
volume.
While these Investigations were in prog-
ress a coort of inquiry was appointed by
Spanish authority to make a similar ex-
amination to that conducted by the Amer-
ican court. The following is a synopsis of
the report of the Spanish officers:
"The report contains declarations made
by ocular witnesses and experts. From
these statements it clearly deduces and
proves the absence of all those attendant
circumstances which are invariably present
on the occasion of the explosion of a tor-
pedo.
"The evidence of witnesses comparatively
close to the Maine at the moment is to the
112
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
effect that only one explosion occurred; that
no column of water was thrown into the air;
that no shock to the side of the nearest ves-
sel was felt, nor on land was any vibration
noticed, and that no dead fish were found.
"The evidence of the senior pilot of the
harbor states that there is abundance of fish
In the harbor, and this is corroborated by
other witnesses. The assistant engineer of
works states mat after the explosions made
during the execution of works in the harbor
he has always found dead fish.
"The divers were unable to examine the
bottom of the Maine, which was buried in
the mud, but a careful examination of the
sides of the vessel, the rents and breaks, in
which all point outward, shows without a
doubt that the explosion was from the in-
side.
"A minute examination of the bottom of
the harbor around the vessel shows abso-
lutely no sign of the action of a torpedo,
and the fiscal (judge-advocate) of the com-
mission can find no precedent for the ex-
plosion of the storage magazines of a vessel
by a torptdo.
"The report makes clear that, owing to
the special nature of the proceedings fol-
lowed and the absolute respect shown for
the extra-territoriality of the Maine, the
commission has been prevented from making
such an examination of the inside of the
vessel as would determine even the hypothe-
sis of the internal origin of the accident.
This is to be attributed to the regrettable
refusal to permit of the necessary co-opera-
tion of the Spanish commission both with
the commander and crew of the Maine and
the different American officials commis-
sioned to investigate the causes of the ac-
cident and later on with those employed in
salvage work.
"The report finishes by stating that an ex-
amination of the inside and outside of the
Maine as soon as such examination may be
possible, as also of the bottom where the
vessel rests, will prove that, supposing the
remains [of the wreck] not to be totally or
partially altered in the process of extrac-
tion, the explosion was undoubtedly due to
some interior cause."
There was only one opinion in the United
States regarding the responsibility for the
loss of the Maine. The American people,
while not asserting that the act was one of
treachery on the part of the -Spanish gov-
ernment, did believe that without complic-
ity on the part of Spanish officials at Morro
castle the vessel would not have been
blown up by mines operated by electric bat-
teries located within that fortification. As
indicating the sentiment at foreign capitals
the plea for peace made by six of the rep-
resentatives of the leading governments of
Europe was significant.
On the 5th of April Consul-General Lee
was directed to leave Havana and return to
the United States, closing the American
consulate in that city. This he did on the
10th inst., turning over the affairs of this
government to the British consul. This was
deemed necessary on account of the threat-
ening attitude of the Spaniards of the city,
and the president believed that the life of
the consul-general was in danger, nn opin-
ion which all the American residents -in
Cuba shared.
On the 7th of April, 1898. several diplo-
matic officials met at the British embassy
shortly before noon and proceeded to the
president's mansion and the department of
state. The party was made up as follows:
Sir Julian Pauncefote, the British ambas-
sador, dean of the diplomatic corps.
M. Cambon, the French ambassador, and
M. Thiebaut, first secretary of the French
embassy.
Dr. Von Holleben. the German ambas-
sador, with Baron Speck von Sternburg,
first secretary of the German embassy.
Mr. Hengelmuller, the Austrian minister.
Count Vinci, the Italian charge d'affaires.
Mr. de Wollant, the Russian charge
d'affaires.
Arriving at the white house they were
ushered into the blue room and there were
received by President McKinley. After a
social exchange and mutual well wishes Sir
Julian Pauncefote said:
"Mr. President: We have been commis-
sioned by the great powers of Europe, whom
we represent here to-day, to approach your
excellency with a message of friendship and
peace at the present critical juncture in the
relations between the United States and
Spain, and to convey to you the sentiments
expressed in the collective note which I
have the honor to place in your hands."
The British ambassador then handed to
President McKinley the collective note of
the powers, which reads as follows:
"The undersigned, representatives of Ger-
many, Austria-Hungary, France, Great
Britain, Italy and Russia, duly authorized
in that behalf, address, in the name of their
respective governments, a pressing appeal
to the feelings of humanity and moderation
of the president and of the American people
in their existing differences with Spain.
They earnestly hope that further negotia-
tions will lead to en agreement which,
while securing the maintenance of peace,
will afford all necessary guaranties for the
re-establishment of order in Cuba.
"The powers do not doubt that the hu-
manitarian and purely disinterested char-
acter of this representation will be fully
recognized and appreciated by the American
nation."
President McKinley then handed to Sir
Julian Pauncefote the answer of the United
States, as follows:
"The government of the United States
recognizes the good will which has prompted
the friendly communication of the repre-
sentatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary,
France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia, as
set forth in the address of your excellencies,
and shares the hope therein expressed that
the outcome of the situation in Cuba may
be the maintenance of peace between the
United States and Spain by affording the
necessary guaranties for the re-establish-
ment of order in the island, so terminating
the chronic condition of disturbance there
which so deeply injures the interests and
menaces the tranquillity of the American
nation by the character and consequences of
the struggle thus kept up at our doors, be.
sides shocking its sentiment of humanity.
"The government of the United States ap-
preciates the humanitarian and disinter-
ested character of the communication now
made on behalf of the powers named, and
for its part is confident that equal appre-
ciation will be shown for its own earnest
and unselfish endeavors to fulfill a duty to
humanity by ending a situation the indefi-
nite prolongation of which has become in-
sufferable."
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
113
On the 10th of April the Spanish minister
presented to Assistant Secretary of State
Day the final plea of his government for
peace. It was as follows:
"The minister plenipotentiary of Spain
has the honor to inform the honorable secre-
tary of state of the United States of Amer-
ica that her majesty the Queen regent,
yielding to the reiterated requests of his
holiness, and inspired by sentiments of
peace and concord which animate her, has
given proper instructions to the general-in-
chief of the army of Cuba, in order that he
should concede an immediate suspension of
hostilities for such time as he shall deem
prudent for preparing and facilitating peace
in that island.
"Gen. Blanco has published to-day the
corresponding proclamation, and reserved to
himself to fix in another the term and other
details of its execution, with the sole object
of making sure that a measure of such
transcendent importance may lead in the
shortest possible time to the desired pacifi-
cation of the Great Antilla. In the fixing
of this term the general-in-cbief, inspired by
the most elevated sentiments, far from rais-
ing any difficulties or obstacles, is disposed
to concede all possible facilities.
"The government of her majesty by this
Important measure has crowned its extraor-
dinary efforts to obtain the pacification of
Cuba by means of reason and right.
"The autonomic constitution, which grants
to the inhabitants of the island of Cuba a
political regime at least as liberal as that
which rules in the Dominion of Canada, will
shortly enter upon its complete develop-
ment, when, the elections having taken
place, the insular parliament shall meet in
Havana on the 4th of May next, and such
are the franchises and liberties granted to
the Cubans that no pretext is left to them
to ask for more ample concessions.
"Furthermore, as the island of Cuba is
represented in the cortes of the kingdom, a
privilege which is not enjoyed by any other
foreign autonomic colony, the Cuban sena-
tors and deputies can there explain their as-
pirations, if they should have any.
"No one who knows the liberal spirit of
the majority of the Spanish cortes recently
elected and the patriotic attitude of the
principal parties of the opposition can doubt
that the Cubans will obtain such modifica-
tions as they may desire in justice within
the limits of reason and of the national sov-
ereignty, according to the solemn offer of
the preamble of the royal decree of the 27th
of November, 1897, while at the same time
the government of her majesty declared that
it would not withdraw, nor consent that
there should be withdrawn, anything from
the colonial liberties, franchises and privi-
leges accorded.
"The repeal of the decree of reconcentra-
tion, the aid of all kinds which the govern-
ment of her majesty has granted and has
permitted to be given to the reconcentrados.
have put an end to a lamentable state of af-
fairs, which was the inevitable consequence
of the bloody conflict provoked by a small
minority of the sons or Cuba, directed and
supported principally by foreign influences.
"No impartial mind which has full knowl-
edge of the facts, so distorted as they have
been, and are actually, in everything re-
ferring to the Cuban question, can, with
justice, charge Spain with being remiss in
seeking the means for pacifying the island
or grudging in the concession of privileges,
liberties and franchises for the welfare and
happiness of the Inhabitants.
"The government of her majesty does not
doubt that the government of the United
States must recognize this, as it will recog-
nize the manifest injustice with which a
part of public opinion in this country pre-
sumes to find responsibilities for Spain in
the horrible catastrophe which occurred in
the port of Havana on the unhappy night
of Feb. 16 last.
"Her majesty the queen regent, her re-
sponsible government, the governor-general
of Cuba, the insular government and all the
principal authorities of Havana manifested
from the first moment the profound senti-
ments of horror which that immense mis-
fortune caused them, and the sympathy
which on that most sad occasion bound them
to the American government and people.
"The proofs of this were the visits of the
charge d'affaires of his majesty to the illus-
trious president of the United States, those
of the highest -Spanish functionaries of
state to Mr. Woodford, the unstinted aid
given to the victims, as well as the funeral
arrangements provided by the municipality
of Havana, and the notes addressed to the
department of state by this legation on the
16th and 17th of February and the 2d of this
month, Nos. 12, 13, 14 and 33 respectively.
"The officers and crew of the vessels of
war of her majesty near the Maine, disre-
garding the evident danger which threat-
ened them, as the officers of that American
battleship recognized, immediately lowered
their boats and saved a number of the
drowning, who only owe their lives to the
prompt and efficacious aid of the Spanish
sailors.
"It is strange that these notorious facts
and these solemn manifestations appear to
be forgotten by public opinion, which gives
credit on the other hand to the most absurd
and offensive hypothesis.
"The government of her majesty would be
deeply grateful to the justice and courtesy
of that of the United States if it should re-
establish officially the truth of facts which
appear to be ignored or not appreciated, and
ignorance of which contributes so power-
fully to maintain the extraordinary excite-
ment which endangers, without any reason
or motive, the friendly relations between
the two nations.
"With reference to the question of fact
which results from the diversity of opinion
between the reports of the Spanish and
North American commissions, the govern-
ment of her majesty, which as yet does not
know the official text of these opinions, has
hastened to declare itself ready to submit
the question to the decision of impartial
and disinterested experts, accepting in ad-
vance the decision of the arbitrators named
bv both parties an evident proof of the
loyalty and good faith with which Spain
proceeds on this as well as on all occa-
"Tbe minister of Spain trusts that these
manifestations, inspired by the loyal desire
for peace and concord which animates the
government of her majesty, will be appre-
ciated at their just value by the president
and government of the United States.
"Washington, 10th of April. 1898."
At this time the reeling in the country
was intense, while congress was becoming
restive under the delay in declaring war
against Spain. In many sections of the
country the president was criticised for the
check he imposed upon congress, in the hope
of a peaceful settlement of the questions
at issue between the two countries, but no
114
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
one recognized better than the president
himself that he could not much longer hold
back the people end their representatives
from the adoption of the most radical meas-
ures, which meant immediate war. When he
had exhausted every effort to prevent a
resort to arms, and had failed, he sent to
congress, on the llth day of April, his war
message, which will be found in full undr
the beading "Messages of the President" In
this volume. An exciting debate followed
the reception of this message in both houses
of congress, the main question being recog-
nition of the insurgent government estab-
lished in Cuba. The two houses concurred
on the 19th of April and passed the follow-
ing joint preamble and resolutions, which
were sent to the president and approved by
him on the day succeeding:
j "Whereas, The abhorrent conditions which
1 have existed for more than three years in
the Island of Cuba, so near our own borders,
have shocked the moral sense of the people
of the United States, have been a disgrace
to Christian civilization, culminating as they
have in the destruction of a United States
battleship with 266 of its officers and crew
while on a friendly visit In the harbor of
Havana, and cannot longer be endured, as
has been set forth by the president of the
United States in his message to congress of
April 11, 1898, upon which the action of con-
gress was invited; therefore,
"Resolved, 1. That the people of the is-
land of Cuba are and of right ought to be
free and independent.
"2. That it is the duty of the United States
to demand, and the government of the
United States does hereby demand, that the
government of Spain at once relinquish its
authority and government in the island of
Cuba and withdraw its land and naval
forces from Cuba and Cuban waters.
"3. That the president of the United States
be, and he hereby is, directed and empow-
ered to use the entire land and naval forces
of the United States, and to call into actual
service of the United States the militia of
the several states, to such extent as may be
necessary to carry these resolutions into
effect.
"4. That the United States hereby dis-
claims any disposition or intention to ex-
ercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control
over said island except for the pacification
thereof, and asserts its determination, when
that is accomplished, to leave the govern-
ment and control of the island to Its peo-
ple."
The resolutions passed the senate by a
vote of 42 yeas to 35 nays, and the house by
a vote of 310 yeas to 6 nays. The following
is the vote in the senate:
Yeas Messrs. Aldrich, Allison, Baker,
Burrows, Carter, Chandler, Clark, Cullom,
Davis, Deboe, Elkins, Fairbanks, (rep.);
Faulkner (dem.), Foraker, Frye, Gallinger,
Gear, (rep.); Gray (dem.), Hale, Hanna,
Hansbrough, Hawley, (rep.); Kyle (pop.).
Lodge, McBride, McMillan, Mason, (rep.);
Morgan (dem.), Morrill, Nelson, Penrose,
Perkins, Platt of Connecticut, Prltchard,
Proctor, Quay, Sewell, Shoup, Spooner,
Warren, Wilson and Wolcott, (rep.) 42.
Nays Messrs. Allen (pop.), Bacon, Bate,
Berry, (dem.); Butler (pop.), Caffery (dem.).
Cannon (rep.), Chllton, Oockrell, Daniel,
(dem.); Harris, Heitfeld, (pop.); Jones of
Arkansas (dem.), Jones of Nevada (rep.),
Kenney, Lindsay, McEnery, McLaurin, Mai-
lory, (dem.); Mantle (rep.), Martin, Mitch-
ell, Money, Pasco, (dem.); Pettigrew (rep.),
Pettus, Rawlins, Roach, (dem.); Stewart
(pop.), Teller (rep.). Turley (dem.), Turner
(pop.), Turpie and White (dem.) 35.
in the house the six negative votes were
cast by:
Charles A. Boutelle (rep.) of Maine.
Willis Brewer (dem.) of Alabama.
John J. Gardner (rep.) of New Jersey.
Henry U. Johnson (rep.) of Indiana.
Eugene F. Loud (rep.) of California.
Samuel W. McCall (rep.) of Massachusetts.
On the same day (April 20) the following
ultimatum was sent to Gen. Woodford, our
minister at Madrid, to be delivered to the
Spanish government:
"You have been furnished with the text
of a joint resolution voted by the congress
of the United States on the 19th inst., ap-
proved to-day, in relation to the pacifica-
tion of the island of Cuba. In obedience to
that act the president directs you to im-
mediately communicate to the government
of Spain said resolution, with the formal
demand of the government of the United
States that the government of Spain at once
relinquish its authority and government in
the island of Cuba and withdraw its land
and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban
waters. In taking this step the United
States hereby disclaims any disposition or
Intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdic-
tion or control over said Island except for
the pacification thereof, and asserts its de-
termination when that is accomplished to
leave the government and control of the
island to its people under such free and in-
dependent government as they may estab-
lish.
"If by the hour of noon on Saturday next,
the 23d day of April inst., there be not
communicated to this government by that
of Spain a full and satisfactory response to
this demand and resolution, whereby the
ends of peace in Cuba shall be assured, the
president will proceed without further no-
tice -to use the power and authority enjoined
and conferred upon him by the said joint
resolution to such extent as may be neces-
sary to carry the same into effect.
"SHERMAN."
On Thursday, April 21, the following reply
was received from Gen. Woodford:
"Madrid, April 21, 1898. [Received 9:02
a. m.] Sherman, Washington: Eearly this
[Thursday] morning, immediately after the
receipt of your open telegram, and before
I had communicated same to Spanish gov-
ernment, Spanish minister for foreign af-
fairs notified me that diplomatic relations
are broken between the two countries, and
that all official communications between
their respective representatives nave ceased.
I accordingly asked for safe passports.
Turn legation over to British embassy and
leave for Paris this afternoon. Have noti-
fied consuls. WOODFURL)."
The ultimatum was not, therefore, deliv-
ered. On the same day, April 20, about 11
o'clock a. m., the department of state
served notice of the purposes of this gov-
ernment by delivering to Minister Polo a
copy of an instruction to Minister Wood-
ford, and also a copy of the resolutions
passed by the congress of the United States
on the 19th inet. After the receipt of this
notice the Spanish minister forwarded to
the state department a request for his pass-
ports, which were furnished to him in the
afternoon.
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
115
It will be seen that It was Spain which
broke off the relations between the two
governments first, by the act of the minis-
ter In demanding his passports from the
secretary of state, and, second, by that
government sending to the American min-
ister his passports before receiving a re-
quest therefor.
On the 22d day of April the president Is-
sued the following proclamation:
"Whereas, By a joint resolution passed
by the congress and approved April 20, 1898,
and communicated to the government of
Spain, It was demanded that said govern-
ment at once relinquish Its authority and
government In the island of Cuba and with-
draw its land and naval forces from Cuba
and Cuban waters, and the president of the
United States was directed and empowered
to use the entire land and naval forces of
the United States, and to call into the ac-
tual service of the United States the militia
of the several states to such extent as
might be necessary to carry said resolution
Into effect; and,
"Whereas, In carrying into effect said res-
olution, the president of the United States
deems It necessary to set on foot and main-
tain a blockade of the north coast of Cuba,
including all ports of said coast between
Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the port
of Cienfuegos on the south coast of Cuba;
"Now, therefore, I, William McKlnley,
president of the United States, in order to
enforce the said resolution, do hereby de-
clare and proclaim that the United States
of America has instituted, and will main-
tain, a blockade of the north coast of Cuba,
including ports on said coast between Car-
denas and Bahia Honda, and the port of
Cienfuegos on the south coast of Cuba,
aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the
United States and the law of nations ap-
plicable to such cases. An efficient force
will be posted so as to prevent the entrance
and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid.
Any neutral vessel approaching said ports,
or attempting to leave the same, without
notice or knowledge of the establishment of
such blockade, will be duly warned by the
commander of the blockading forces, who
will indorse on her register the fact and the
date of such warning, where such indorse-
ment was made; and if the same vessel
shall again attempt to enter any blockaded
port she will be captured and sent to the
nearest convenient port for such proceedings
against her and her cargo as prize as may
be deemed advisable. Neutral vessels lying
in any of said ports at the time of estab-
lishment of such blockade will be allowed
thirty days to issue therefrom."
April 25 the president sent a message to
congress asking that body to issue a formal
declaration of war, which message will be
found in full under the heading "Messages
of the President," in this volume. On the
same day both houses of congress passed
and the president signed the following bill:
"A bill declaring that war exists between
the United States of America and the king-
dom of Spain.
"Be it enacted, etc.
"1. That war be and the same is hereby
declared to exist and that war has existed
since the 21st day of April, A. D. 1898, in-
cluding said day, between the United States
of America and the kingdom of Spain.
"2. That the president of the United
States be and he hereby is directed and em-
powered to use the entire land and naval
forces of the United States, and to call into
actual service of the United States the
militia of the several states, to such extent
as may be necessary to carry this act into
effect."
CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR WITH SPAIN.
APRIL, 1898.
ariuu, lava.
21. Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, the Ameri-
can minister at Madrid, received his pass-
ports from the Spanish government and
Polo y Bernabe, the Spanish minister at
Washington, left the city. The navy depart-
ment bought the Brazilian warship Nicthe-
roy and the yachts Corsair and Penelope.
The Spanish government ordered out 80,000
reserves.
22. The first prize is captured by the gun-
boat Nashville. It is the Buena Ventura.
Cuban ports blockaded by the American
squadron.
23. The president issued a call for 125,000
volunteers.
24. Spain issued a decree declaring that a
state of war exists with the United States.
25. Congress passed a bill declaring that
war exists between the United States and
Spain.
26. The president by proclamation reaf-
adhere to the declaration of Paris" in re-
gard to privateering.
| 27. The first battle of thp war was fought
off Matanzas by Admiral Sampson, with the
New York, the Puritan and the Cincinnati,
In which the land batteries were silenced.
Commodore Dpwpy left Mlrs bay with his
squadron for Manila.
29. The Spanish squadron,
consisting of
the cruisers Maria Teresa, Almirante
Oquendo, Vizcaya and Cristobal Colon, and
the torpedo-boat destroyers Pluton, Terror
and * uror, sail from the Cape Verde islands.
30. The battleship Oregon arrived at Rio de
Janeiro from San Francisco. In accordance
with instructions Capt. Clark sailed from
San Francisco on March 19 on the journey
around the Horn, and it is probable that no
ship that ever made the trip attracted so
much attention. Her first stopping place
was Callao, whence she sailed again on
April 5, making direct for Sandy point
without stopping at Valparaiso. With 6,588
knots to her credit, everything in good
order, and all on board well, she passed
through the Straits of Magellan and steamed
north to Rio de Janeiro, which port she
made on April 30 at 6 p. m. At Sandy point
she picked up the gunboat Marietta, and as
the smaller vessel could make only about
twelve knots an hour the Oregon's progress
to Rio was slower than it would have
been had she gone alone. A third vessel,
the Buffalo, joined the American ships at
Rio. and they were reported safe at Bahia
on May 9. The Oregon left Rio de Janeiro
May 4 and arrived at Key West May 26,
having without accident made a voyage of
16,764 miles.
MAY.
1. Commodore Dewey steamed into Manila
harbor at daybreak. His squadron consisted
of the cruisers Olypla (flaeship), Raleigh,
Baltimore and Boston, and gunboats Con-
cord and Petrel, and the revenue cutter Mc-
Culloch, with two transports. Here he met
116
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
the Spanish fleet, consisting of the Reina
Cristina, Castilla, Don Antonio de Ulloa,
Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, Gen. Lezo, Mar-
quis de Duero, Cano, Velasco, Isla de Min-
danao, some small gunboats and a tians-
Eort. The American ships opened a heavy
re on the Spanish vessels. The total ton-
nage of the American fleet was 19,098 tons
and that of the Spanish real fighting ships
was 8,722 tons. The result of the battle was
the entire destruction of all the Spanish ves-
sels and the silencing of the land batteries.
Commodore Dewey did not lose a ship nor a
man, while the Spanish lost their entire
fleet and from 600 to 700 men.
2. Commodore Dewey cut the cable com-
munications between Manila and Hongkong,
destroyed the fortifications at the entrance
of Manila bay and took possession of the
naval station at Cavite. He demanded the
surrender of the city of Manila, which was
refused.
4. The vessels of Rear-Admiral Sampson's
fleet, consisting of the flagship New York
and the battleships Iowa and Indiana, the
monitor Puritan, the cruisers Cincinnati,
Detroit and Marblehead, and the torpedo
boat Mayflower, sailed from Key West,
coaled, for a long voyage.
6. The French steamer Lafayette was cap-
tured while attempting to run the blockade
at Havana.
7. Commodore Dewey was promoted to be
rear-admiral and given the thanks of con-
gress.
11. Spanish gunboats and shore batteries
attacked the blockading vessels Wilmington.
Hudson and Winslow at Cardenas, disabling
the Winslow. Ensign Bagley and four sail-
ors were killed and Lieut. Bernadou and two
others wounded. Bagley was the first offi-
cer killed In the war. The cable at Cleu-
fuegos was cut by American sailors and one
was killed. The first land fight of the war
took place at the harbor of Port Cabanas.
The transport steamer Gussie, carrying
members of the 1st infantry, made a tem-
porary landing and had a brush with the
Spanish troops.
12. A portion of the fleet under Admiral
Sampson bombarded the batteries defending
San Juan, Puerto Rico, inflicting great dam-
age and losing two men. The Spanish
squadron was sighted at Martinique, Wind-
ward islands.
13. The fleet known as the "flying squad-
ron," under Commodore Schley, consisting
of the cruiser Brooklyn, the battleships
Texas and Massachusetts, the dispatch boat
Scorpion and a collier, sailed from Hampton
Roads.
14. The Spanish squadron was reported to
be off the Venezuelan coast, near Curacoa.
15. The entire Spanish cabinet resigned.
16. A new military department of the Pa-
cific created, including the Philippines, and
Gen. Merritt was assigned to the command.
Camp Thomas, at Chickamauga, was occu-
pied by volunteer troops.
18. The cruiser Charleston, Capt. Glass,
bound for the Philippines to re-enforce Ad-
miral Dewey, sailed from San Francisco.
19. The Spanish fleet under Admiral Cer-
vera was reported to be at Santiago de
Cuba.
21. The monitor Monterey ordered to Ma-
nila to re-enforce Admiral Dewey.
23. The 1st California regiment embarked
on the Cltv of Peking for Manila. This
composed the first detachment of a brigade
to be commanded by Brig.-Gen. T. N. An-
derson.
25. The president called for 75,000 more
volunteers. The transports City of Peking,
City of Sydney and Australia sailed from
San Francisco with 2,500 men and a year's
supplies of ammunition and naval stores for
the fleet at Manila.
26. The battleship Oregon arrived at Key
West.
28. The Spanish reserve fleet left Cadiz for
a practice cruise. A night attack of the
torpedo-boat destroyers Pluton and Furor
was made on Commodore Schley's fleet off
Santiago de Cuba and repulsed.
30. A dispatch received from Commodore
Schley at the navy department at 12:30 this
morning says he had seen and recognized the
Spanish fleet commanded by Cervera in the
bay of Santiago de Cuba. Maj.-Gen. Miles,
commanding the United States army, left
Washington for Tampa, Fla.
31. The battleships Massachusetts and
Iowa and the cruiser New Orleans of Com-
modore Schley's fleet engaged the Spanish
flagship Cristobal Colon and four strong
land batteries guarding the harbor of San-
tiago de Cuba and the batteries were
silenced and some damage was done to the
flagship.
JUNE.
I. Admiral Sampson joined Commodore
Schley off Santiago de Cuba and took com-
mand of the united American fleets, com-
prising sixteen warships.
3. At 4 o'clock in the morning Lieut. Rich-
mond P. Honson, U. S. N., with a volunteer
crew of seven men, sunk the collier Merri-
mac in the narrow channel at the entrance
of the harbor of Santiago de Cuba. The
seven men were: Osborn Deignan, George
F. Phillips, Francis Kelley, George Char-
ette, Daniel Montague, J. C. Murphy and
Randolph Clausen. The eight men, after the
sinking of the Merrimac, drifted ashore on a
catamaran and were taken prisoners by the
Spanish forces. By a flag of truce from the
Spanish admiral, "sent in recognition of
their bravery," Admiral Sampson was in-
formed that all had been made prisoners of
war and that two were slightly wounded.
In offering to exchange them for Spanish
prisoners Cervera said that "daring like
theirs makes a bitterest enemy proud that
his fellow-men can be such heroes."
6. Ten ships maintained a bombardment
of the batteries at Santiago de Cuba. The
forts were silenced and the Spanish warship
Reina Mercedes was sunk. Later in the day
the defenses at Aguadores, a town east of
Santiago de Cuba, were destroyed.
7. The cruiser St. Louis, protected by the
Marblehead and Yankee, cut the French
cable off the port of Caimanera in Guanta-
namo bay.
10. A landing is effected by 600 American
marines from the transport Panther near
the entrance of Guantanamo harbor. The
force was under the protection of the guns
of the Oregon, Marblehead. Dolphin. Yan-
kee, Yosemite. Porter and Vixen. A lodg-
ment was effected on a small flat-topped hill
and the camp was named McCalla.
II. Shortly after 5 o'clock in the afternoon
the Spanish forces attacked Camp McCalla.
A brisk skirmish was kept up until dark,
during which the Americans lost four men.
The Spanish loss Is unknown.
12. Fighting at Camp McCalla was re-
sumed, the Americans beginning the battle
with fieldpieees. The Texas arrived and re
enforced the troops with forty marines and
two Colt automatic guns, while the Marble-
head shelled the woods on the south side of
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
117
the hill. The Spaniards opened fire with ar-
tillery, but the guns were soon silenced by
the Texas. The camp was removed to the
base of the hill. The fight was kept up dur-
ing the night, the guns on board the Pan-
ther, Abarenda and Marblehead throwing
shells. In the morning the Spanish troops
retired.
13. A portion of the first military expedi-
tion left Tampa, Fla., for Santiago de Cuba,
via Key West. Maj.-Gen. Shatter, who is
in command of the expedition, reports the
following as the troops composing his corps:
Infantry 6th, 16th and 71st New York vol-
unteers; 10th, 22d, 2d, 13th, 9th, 24th and 8th
Massachusetts; 1st, 7th, 17th, 3d and 20th
United States infantry; 10,709 men and 561
officers. Cavalry Two dismounted squad-
rons of four troops each from the 3d, 6tb,
9th, 1st and 10th United States cavalry; two
dismounted squadrons of four troops each
from the 1st United States volunteer cavalry
("rough riders"), and one squadron of
mounted, 2d cavalry; 3,155 men and 169 offi-
cers. Artillery Light batteries E and K,
1st artillery; A and F, 2d artillery, and G
and H, 4th artillery; 455 men and fifteen offi-
cers. Engineers Companies C and E, 200
men and four officers. Signal corps Forty-
five men and two officers. The staff corps
numbered fifteen officers. This made a total
force of 14,564 men and 773 officers.
14. Scouting parties of marines and Cu-
bans pursuea the Spanish troops on Guanta-
11:11110 bay, the Spanish loss being estimated
at 200 killed and wounded.
15. The forts at Caimanera were bom-
barded by the warships Texas, Marblehead
and Suwanee. The firing began at 2 o'clock
and at 3 the forts and batteries were de-
stroyed. The transport ships China, Colon,
Zealandia and Senator, carrying 4,200 men,
under command of Gen. F. V. Greene, sailed
from San Francisco for Manila.
16. The forts at the Santiago harbor were
again shelled by Sampson's fleet. The
Spanish reserve fleet under Camara at
Cadiz sailed south.
18. Admiral Camara's fleet arrived at Car-
tagena.
20. United States troopships reached San-
tiago de Cuba. Gen. Shafter, Admiral
Sampson and Gen. Garcia held a long con-
ference at Aserradero in the afternoon.
21. Landing of troops from the transports
began at Baiquiri, seventeen miles east of
Santiago de Cuba. The Spaniards on the
island of Guam, one of the Mariana group,
capitulated to the United States cruiser
Charleston.
22. The auxiliary cruiser St. Paul at-
tacked while off San Junn, Puerto Rico, by
the Spanish torpedo-boat destroyer Terror;
the St. Paul's fire disables the Terror, kill-
ing an officer and two men and wounding
others.
23. The monitor Monadnock and the collier
Nero sailed for Manila to re-enforce Ad-
miral Dewey. Landing of the troops at Bai-
quiri was completed.
24. In advancing from Baiquiri Gen.
Young's brigade of cavalry and the "rough
riders" encountered a superior force of
Spaniards at La Guasima, near Sevilla. A
heavy fire was opened on the Americans and
Sergt. Hamilton Fish, Jr., of the rough
riders was killed and Capt. A. K. Capron
mortally wounded. The enemy was finally
driven from his position after the Americans
had sustained a loss of sixteen killed and
fifty-two wounded.
25. The Americans under Gen. Chaffee oc-
cupy Sevilla, which was abandoned by the
enemy. -
26. The advance guard of the American
army reached San Juan, four miles distant
from Santiago. This was the 7th regular in-
fantry.
27. The third Manila expedition, consisting
of the transport ships Indiana, Ohio, Morgan
City and City of Para, commanded by Gen.
Arthur McArthur, sailed from San Fran-
cisco.
28. The president issued a proclamation
extending the blockade of Cuban ports to
those of the southern coast, which extended
also to the port of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
29. Maj.-Gen. Merritt sailed from San
Francisco for the Philippines on board the
Newport. Gen. Snyder s division, number-
ing more than 8,000 men, sailed from Tampa
to re-enforce Gen. Shafter at Santiago de
Cuba.
30. The cruiser Charleston, with three
transports of the first Philippine expedition,
arrived at Cavite in Manila bay.
JULY.
1. The heights of El Caney and San Juan,
overlooking Santiago de Cuba, are taken by
the American troops. At 6 o'clock in the
morning Capt. Capron's battery of four
guns opened fire on El Caney from an eleva-
tion about a mile and a half distant. The
guns were not heavy enough to destroy the
enemy's works and at 8 o r clock Gen. Law-
ton's infantry of Chaffee's brigade, being
the 7th, 12th and 17th regular infantry, as-
saulted the hill. They took it with more
than 100 prisoners. At the San Juan hill a
similar work was done. Grimes' battery
opened the battle, while the charge was
made by the 1st volunteer cavalry "rough
riders" and the 1st and 10th regulars. The
hill was carried and held. Gen. Linares,
the Spanish commander, was wounded at El
Caney and Gen. Vara del Rey, second In
command, was killed. The next officer In
rank was Gen. Jose Toral.
2. The Spaniards attempted to retake San
Juan hill, but after severe fighting they
were repulsed and Gen. Lawton extended
the American lines to the north of Santiago
de Cuba. The American losses in the two
days' engagements were 1 : Killed Officers,
23; men, 208. Wounded Officers, 80; men,
1,203; missing, 81 men. Several thousand
Spanish re-enforcements succeeded in enter-
ing the city from the north.
3. The Spanish fleet under Admiral Cervera
attempted to run out of the harbor of San-
tiago de Cuba. As the vessels appeared in
line they were pursued by the Brooklyn, the
Oregon, the Iowa and the Texas of the
American squadron and the converted yacht
'Gloucester. The Spanish ships Maria Te-
resa, Almirante Oquendo and the Vizcaya
were within a few minutes forced ashore
and surrendered. The Cristobal Colon
made a desperate attempt to escape, but
was run ashore and sunk about sixty miles
from the mouth of the harbor. The two
torpedo-boat destroyers Furor and Pluton
were wrecked within four miles of the har-
bor. Admiral Cervera, Capt. Eulate and
more than 1.300 officers and men were taken
prisoners. The loss of life on the Spanish
vessels was terrible, while on the American
fleet only one was killed. None of the
American vessels were Injured seriously in
the engagement. Gen. Shafter gave notice
to Gen. Toral, commanding the Spanish
forces at Santiago de Cuba, to remove from
the city all non-combatants, as he was
about to shell the city.
118
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
4. Truce was established between the two
armies.
5. Gen. Toral was again called upon to
surrender the city, but declined and the
truce was extended.
6. The Spanish authorities exchange Lieut.
Hobson and his seven men for prisoners
taken by our troops.
7. An extensiori*'of the armistice at San-
tiago do Cuba is granted in order that non-
combatants may leave the city and to per-
mit the Spanish commander to communicate
with Madrid in regard to capitulation. Gen.
Miles left Washington for Santiago de Cuba
via Charleston.
8. The Concord and the Raleigh of Ad-
miral Dewey's fleet took possession of Isla
Grande in Subig bay on the island of Luzon.
9. Gen. Miles sailed from Charleston on
the Yale for Santiago de Cuba; with him
went the 6th Massachusetts and the 1st bat-
talion of the 6th Illinois, in all 1.720 men, to
re-enforce Gen. Shafter. Gen. Toral offered
to surrender the city of Santiago de Cuba if
his troops were allowed to march out with
their arms. The proposal was declined.
10. At 11:30 a. m. Gen. Shafter informed
the Spanish commander that by the direc-
tion of the president the offer to surrender
made yesterday was rejected and that the
United States would accept no terms other
than an unconditional surrender. Gen.
Toral declined to discuss any other terms
than those proposed by himself yesterday.
About 5 o'clock the Brooklyn, Texas and
Indiana, lying off Aguadores, threw shells
over the bluffs in an attempt to reach the
city, which was about five miles distant.
Re-enforcements arrive at Siboney for Gen.
Shafter; these are the 1st Illinois, 8th Ohio,
1st District Columbia and 930 recruits, mak-
ing 4,545 men. The "rough riders" prac-
ticed on the Spanish outposts with their
dynamite gun. Capt. Roswell and one pri-
vate were killed and four were wounded.
11. Gen. Miles arrived at Santiago de Cuba
and conferred with Gen. Shafter. At 6
o'clock in the morning the American lines
were ordered to open fire on the Spanish
defenses. The firing was very effective and
great damage was done. The fleet threw
106 shells, of which 101 were effective, at a
distance of 8.50Q yards. Camanes, north-
west of the city, was taken possession of by
Gen. Ludlow.
12. Flag of truce remained up all day
while Gen. Toral considered the demands
for surrender.
13. Gen. Miles reports: "At a meeting
between the lines at which Gen. Shafter,
Gen. Wheeler and Gen. Toral were present
the latter claimed that he is unable to act
without the authority of his government,
but has received authority to withdraw and
surrender harbor, port, munitions of war and
eastern portion of Cuba. He urgently re-
nuests until to-morrow noon to receive an
answer from his government regarding offer
of our government to send his forces to
Spain, which was granted."
14. Gen. Toral surrendered. A dispatch
from Gen. Shafter to the war department
says: "Have just returned from interview
with Gen. Toral. He agrees to surrender
upon the basis of being returned to Spain.
This proposition embraces all eastern Cuba
from Aserradero on the south to Sagua on
the north, via Palma, with practically the
4th army corps. Commissioners meet this
afternoon at 2:30 to definitely arrange
terms." The agreement for the surrender
of Santiago consists of nine articles, of
which the following is the gist:
"1. That all hostilities shall cease pend-
ing the agreement of final capitulation.
"2. That the capitulation includes all the
Spanish forces and the surrender of all war
material within the prescribed limits.
"3. The transportation of the troops to
Spain at the earliest possible moment, each
force to be embarked at the nearest port.
"4. That the Spanish officers shall retain
their sidearms and the enlisted men their
personal property.
"5. That after the final capitulation the
Spanish forces shall assist in the removal
of all obstructions to navigation in Santiago
harbor.
"6. That after the final capitulation the
commanding officers shall furnish a com-
plete inventory of all arms and munitions
of war and a roster of all the soldiers in
the district.
"7. That the Spanish general shall be per-
mitted to take the military archives and
records with him.
"8. That all guerrillas and Spanish irreg-
ulars shall be permitted to remain in Cuba
if they so elect, giving a parole that they
will not again take up arms against the
United States unless properly released from
parole.
"9. That the Spanish forces shall be per-
mitted to march out with all the honors of
war, depositing their arms, to be disposed
of by the United States in the future, the
American commissioners to recommend to
their government that the arms of the sol-
diers be returned to those 'who so bravely
defended them." "
15. The fourth Manila expedition, consist-
ing of the steamships Peru and City of
Puebla, with 1,700 troops, sailed from San
Francisco under command of Gen. Otis.
16. Admiral Cervera and the captured otH-
cers of his fleet reached Annapolis as pris-
oners of war.
17. The city of Santiago de Cuba was
formally surrendered to Gen. Shafter, and
the United States flag was hoisted over the
palace. Gens. Shefter and Toral. with their
staffs, met at a point between the lines of
the American and Spanish forces at 9
o'clock in the morning. The Spanish com-
mander, with a brief statement to the ef-
fect that Santiago de Cuba city and prov-
ince had now been delivered to the United
States government, offered to give up bis
sword, but It was returned to him. The
United States flag was hoisted at exact
noon. The second military expedition to
Manila arrived at Cavite.
18. The president Issued his proclamation
regarding the government of Santiago de
Cuba. One sentence gives the key-note of
the lengthy document. He said: "We come
cot to make war on the inhabitants of
Cuba nor upon any party or faction among
them, but to protect them in their homes,
in their employments and in their personal
and religious rights." The first troops for
Puerto Rico, numbering 6,200 men, under
Gen. Wilson, commenced embarking at
Charleston. Uen. Schwan's brigade had al-
ready left Tampa for the same destination.
20. A dispatch from Gen. Miles said: "We
have the Massachusetts. Dixie, Gloucester,
Cincinnati, Annapolis, Leyden, Wasp, Yale
and Columbia!. We expect to sail [for
Puerto Rico] at 3 o'clock." The number of
troops convoyed from Guantanamo was
3,415.
23. Five troops of cavalry stationed at
Camp Alger were ordered to Puerto Kico.
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
119
The City of Rio de Janeiro, with 890 men,
sailed from San Francisco for Manila, under
command of Gen. H. O. Otis.
25. The military expedition under Gen.
Miles effected a landing on the Island of
Puerto Rico at Guanica, on the southern
coast of the Island, fifteen miles west of
Ponce, after a skirmish between the Glou-
cester and a small Spanish force. About
35,000 men in all, sailing from various
points, compose the army going to Puerto
Klco. The Newport, with Gen. Merrltt on
board, arrived at Manila.
26. The French ambassador, M. Jules
Cambon, on behalf of the government of
Spain, and at the request of the Spanish
minister of foreign affairs, presented to the
president a message designed to inaugurate
negotiations for peace.
27. The American troops advanced on
Yauco, In Puerto Rico.
28. Gen. Brooke sailed from Newport
News with his command for Puerto Rico.
Another expedition composed of the 1st bat-
talion of South Dakota volunteers and re-
cruits for the Colorado and Minnesota regi-
ments sailed for Manila. Ponce surrendered
to Commander Davis, U. S. N.
29. The American troops advanced from
Cavlte toward Malate on the road to Ma-
nila. Jibara, on the northern coast of Cuba,
outside the province not ceded by Gen.
Toral, was taken by the gunboat Nashville,
the Spanish garrison retreating to Holguin.
30. A statement embodying the views of
the president as to the basis of peace ac-
ceptable to the United States was trans-
mitted to Spain.
31. The Spanish troops attacked the
Americans Intrenched near Malate, between
Oavlte and Manila. The American loss was
nine killed and forty-seven wounded, while
the Spanish loss was very heavy.
ADGUST.
1. American troops In Puerto Rico ad-
vanced toward San Juan, Gen. Miles hnv-
ing formed a junction with Gens. Brooke
and Schwan.
2. Gen. Merrltt rpquested the war depart-
ment to Increase his command to 50,000 men.
The troops with him and those on the way
to join him amount to 20.000.
4. Five volunteer regiments of Immunes
are ordered to Santiago de Cuba for garrison
duty.
6. The town of Guayama In Puerto Rico
was captured by the 4th Ohio and the 3d
Illinois after a slight skirmish.
6. Transports sailed from Santiago de
Cuba with troops of Shatter's command
ordered north.
7. Admiral Dewey and Gen. Merrltt de-
manded the surrender of Manila, which was
refused. Spain's reply to the president's
statement of the terms of peace was sent
to Paris for transmission to Washington.
The note suggests that a suspension of hos-
tilities would make negotiations easier.
8. Skirmish near Guayama, Puerto Rico,
in which five of the 4th Ohio were wounded.
9. The town of Coamo, Puerto Rico, was
captured. Our loss was one killed and six
wounded, while the Spanish loss was the
commander, two captains and nine privates
killed, thirty-five wounded and 180 taken
prisoners. Spain's reply to the peace prop-
osition was presented to President McKln-
ley by the French ambassador, M. Cambon.
10. Secretary Day and M. Cambon agreed
on the terms of a protocol to be transmitted
to Spain for approval. Gen. Schwan drove
back a strong force of Spaniards north of
JJayaguez, Puerto Rico.
11. A protocol suspending hostilities be-
tween, the United States and Spain was
signed at 4:23 p. m. in Washington, M.
Cambon having received authority to act
in behalf of Spain. The following is the
text of the document:
"Protocol of agreement between the
United States and Spain, embodying the
terms of a basis for the establishment of
peace between the two countries, signed at
Washington Aug. 12, 1898. Protocol: Wil-
liam R. Day, secretary of state of the
United States, and his excellency Jules
Cambon, ambassador extraordinary and
plenipotentiary of the republic of France at
Washington, respectively possessing for this
purpose full authority from the government
of the United States and the government of
Spain, have concluded and signed the fol-
lowing articles, embodying the terms on
which the two governments have agreed In
respect to the matters hereinafter set forth,
having in view the establishment of peace
between the two countries that Is to say:
"Article 1. Spain will relinquish all claim
of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.
"Art. 2. Spain will cede to the United
States the island of Puerto Rico and other
islands now under Spanish sovereignty in
the West Indies, and also an island in the
Ladrones, to be selected by the United
States.
"Art. 3. The United States will occupy
and hold the city, bay and harbor of Manila,
pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace,
which shall determine the control, disposi-
tion and government of the Philippines.
"Art. 4. Spain will immediately evacuate
Cuba, Puerto Rico and other islands now
under Spanish sovereignty In the West In-
dies, and to this end each government will,
within ten days after the signing of this
protocol, appoint commissioners, and the
commissioners so appointed shall, within
thirty days after the signing of this proto-
col, meet at Havana for the purpose of ar-
ranging and carrying out the details of the
aforesaid evacuation of Cuba and the adja-
cent Spanish islands, and each government
will, within ten days after the signing of
this protocol, also appoint other commis-
sioners, who shall, within thirty days after
the signing of this protocol, meet at San
Juan, Puerto Rico, for the purpose of ar-
ranging and carrying out the details of the
aforesaid evacuation of Puerto Rico and
other islands now under Spanish sovereignty
in the West Indies.
"Art. 5. The United States and Spain will
each appoint not more than five commission-
ers to treat of peace, and the commissioners
so appointed shall meet at Paris not later
than Oct. 1, 1898, and proceed to the nego.
tlatlon and conclusion of a treaty of peace,
which treaty shall be subject to ratification
according to the respective constitutional
forms of the two countries.
"Art. 6. Upon the conclusion and signing
of this protocol hostilities between the two
countries shall be suspended, and notice to
that effect shall be given as soon as possible
by each government to the commanders of
Its military and naval forces.
"Done at Washington In duplicate. In
English and In French, by the undersigned,
who have hereunto set their hands and
seals, the 12th day of August, 1898.
"WlfLIAM R. DAY.
"JULES CAMBON."
120
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
On the same day the president issued the
following proclamation:
"By the president of the United States of
America A proclamation.
"Whereas, By a protocol concluded and
signed Aug. 12, 1898, by William R. Day,
secretary of state of the United States, and
his excellency Jules Cambon, ambassador
extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the re-
public of France at Washington, respec-
tively, representing for this purpose the
government of the United States and the
government of Spain, the United States and
pain have formally agreed upon the terms
on which negotiations for the establishment
of peace between the two countries shall be
undertaken; and,
"Whereas, It is in said protocol agreed
that upon its conclusion and signature hos-
tilities between the two countries shall be
suspended, and that notice to that effect
shall be given as soon as possible by each
government to the commanders of its mili-
tary and naval forces;
"Now, therefore, I, William McKinley,
president of the United States, do, in ac-
cordance with the stipulations of the proto-
col, declare and proclaim on the part of the
United States a suspension of hostilities,
and do hereby command that orders be im-
forces of the United Stales to abstain from
all acts inconsistent with this proclama-
tion.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the seal of the United
States to be affixed.
"Done at the city of Washington this 12th
day of August, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight.
and of the independence of the United
States the one hundred and twenty-third.
"By the president-:
"WILLIAM M'KINLEY.
"WILLIAM R. DAY, Secretary of State."
13. The troops under Gen. Merrltt and the
fleet under Admiral DeWey made a simul-
taneous attack upon Manila. The brigades
under Gens. McArthur and Greene carried
the Spanish works with a loss In killed,
wounded and missing of about fifty men.
After six hours' fighting the Spaniards sur-
rendered the city with about 7,000 prisoners.
17. The president named as commissioners
to adjust the evacuation of Cuba Maj.-Gen.
James F. Wade, Rear-Admiral William T.
Sampson and Maj.-Gen. Matthew C. Butler.
For Puerto Rico, Maj.-Gen. John R. Brooke,
Rear-Admiral Winneld S. Schley and Brig.-
Gen. William W. Gordon.
19. Spain named as commissioners for
Cuba Maj.-Gen. Gonzales Parrade, Rear- Ad-
miral Pastor y Landere and Marquis Mon-
toro. For Puerto Rico, Maj.-Gen. Ortega y
Diaz, Commodore Vallarino y Carrasco and
Judge-Advocate Sanchez Aguila y Leon.
20. The New York, Brooklyn, Massachu-
setts, Indiana, Texas. Oregon and Iowa
joined in a grand naval parade In New York
harbor.
25. Transports Rio de Janeiro and Penn-
sylvania arrived at Manila.
SEPTEMBER.
9. The president appointed as peace com-
missioners William R. Day of Ohio, Sena-
tors William P. Frye of Maine, Cushman
K. Davis of Minnesota, George Gray of
Delaware and Mr. Whltelaw Reid of New
York.
17. The American commissioners sailed for
Paris.
18. The Spanish government named as
commissioners Senor Montero Rios, Senor
Abarzuza, Senor Garnlca, Gen. Cerero and
Senor Villarrutia.
20. The evacuation of Puerto Rico com-
menced.
21. Mustering out of volunteers to begin at
once.
24. The commission appointed by the
president to investigate the conduct of the
war met at Washington. The commission
was composed of the following persons:
Maj.-Gen. Grenville M. Dodge of Iowa, Col.
J. A. Sexton of Illinois, Capt. E. P. Howell
of Georgia, Maj.-Gen. J. M. Wilson, chief
of engineers of the United States army; the
Hon. Charles Denby of Indiana, late minis-
ter to China; ex-Gov. Urban A. Woodbury
of Vermont, ex-Gov. James A. Beaver of
Pennsylvania, Maj.-Gen. A. McD. McCook of
the army (retired). Dr. Phineas S. Connor
of Cincinnati. Gen. Dodge was elected
chairman of the commission.
OCTOBER.
1. The An erican and Spanish peace com-
missioners held their first conference at the
apartments of the French foreign office in
Paris. It lasted ninety minutes.
18. United States flag was raised over San
Juan, Puerto Rico, the Spanish evacuation
having been completed.
CASUALTIES IN THE AMERICAN ARMIES.
Total casualties in killed and wounded
during the war with Spain from May 1 to
Sept. 30:
^Killed.-, Wounded.
Qffi- Pri- Offi- Pri-
cers. votes. cers. votes.
Cuba 23 237 99 1,332
Puerto Rico 34 36
Manila 17 10 96
Died of wounds 4 61 ...
Total 27 318 113 1,464
Number of deaths by disease and acci-
dents from May 1 to Sept. 30 was as fol-
lows:
Camp Thomas. Chickamauga Park, Ga. 425
Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, Fla 246
Tampa, Fla 56
Cuba 427
At sea, en route from Cuba to Montauk
Point 87
Manila. Philippine islands 63
Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, N. Y.... 257
Puerto Rico 137
Camp Alger, Falls Church. Va 107
Camps in San Francisco, Cal 139
Camp Poland. Tenn 23
Camp Shipp, Ala 12
Camp Meadp. Pa 64
Camp Hamilton. Ky 29
Camp Wheeler. Ala 35
At posts and minor cauips 378
Officers 80
Total 2.565
Grand total of deaths, all causes... 2,910
The total force was 274.717 men and the
loss by death from all causes was 1.059 per
cent.
STRENGTH OF THE ARMY.
121
QUOTAS OF THE STATES UNDER THE TWO CAL1S FOR TROOPS.
(From the Report of the Adjutant-General of the Army, Nov. 1, 1898.)
FIRST CALL,, 125,000 MEN.
Alabama, 2 regiments and 1 battalion of
infantry.
Arkansas, 2 regiments of infantry.
California, 2 regiments and 2 battalions
of infantry, 4 batteries of heavy artillery.
Colorado, 1 regiment of Infantry.
Connecticut, 1 regiment of infantry, 1
battery of light artillery and 2 batteries
of heavy artillery.
Delaware, 1 regiment of infantry.
Florida, 1 regiment of infantry.
Georgia, 2 regiments of infantry and 2
battalions of light artillery.
Idaho, 2 battalions of infantry.
Illinois, 7 regiments of infantry, 1 battery
of light artillery and 1 regiment of cavalry.
Indiana, 4 regiments of infantry and <J
batteries of light artillery.
Iowa, 4 regiments of infantry.
Kansas, 3 regiments of infantry.
Kentucky, 3 regiments of infantry and 2
troops of cavalry.
Louisiana, 2 regiments of Infantry.
Maine, 1 regiment of infantry and 1 bat-
tery of heavy artillery.
Maryland, 1 regiment of Infantry.
Massachusetts, 4 regiments of infantry
and 1 battery of heavy artillery.
Michigan, 4 regiments of Infantry.
Minnesota, 3 regiments of Infantry.
Mississippi, 2 regiments of Infantry.
Missouri, 5 regiments of infantry and 1
battery of light artillery.
Montana, 1 regiment of Infantry.
Nebraska, 2 regiments of infantry.
Nevada, 1 troop of cavalry.
New Hampshire, 1 regiment of infantry.
New Jersey, 3 regiments of infantry.
New York, 12 regiments of infantry and
2 troops of cavalry.
North Carolina, 2 regiments of infantry.
North Dakota, 2 battalions of infantry.
Ohio, 8 regiments of infantry and 8 troops
of cavalry.
Oregon, 1 regiment of infantry.
Pennsylvania, 15 regiments of Infantry, 3
batteries of light artillery and 3 troops of
cavalry.
Rhode Island, 1 regiment of Infantry.
South Carolina, 1 regiment and 1 bat-
talion of infantry, 1 battery of heavy ar-
tillery.
South Dakota. 1 regiment of Infantry.
Tennesse, 3 regiments of infantry.
Texas, 3 regiments of infantry and 1 of
cavalry.
Utah, 2 battalions of light artillery and 1
troop of cavalry.
Vermont, 1 regiment of Infantry.
Virginia, 3 regiments of infantry.
Washington. 1 regiment of infantry.
West Virginia, 1 regiment of infantry.
Wisconsin, 3 regiments of infantry.
Wyoming, 1 battalion of infantry.
District of Columbia, 1 regiment of In-
fantry.
SECOND CALL, 75,000 MEN.
Alabama, 2 battalions of infantry.
California, 1 regiment of infantry.
Colorado, 1 battery of light artillery.
Connecticut, 1 regiment of infantry.
Georgia, 1 regiment of infantry.
Illinois, 2 regiments of infantry.
Indiana, 1 regiment and 2 companies of
infantry.
Iowa, 2 batteries of light artillery.
Kansas, 2 battalions of infantry.
Kentucky, 1 regiment of infantry.
Louisiana, 3 batteries of light artillery.
Maine, 3 batteries of heavy artillery.
Maryland, 1 battalion of Infantry.
Massachusetts, 1 regiment of infantry.
Michigan, 1 regiment of infantry.
Minnesota, 1 regiment of infantry.
Mississippi, 6 companies of infantry.
Missouri, 1 regiment of infantry.
Nebraska, 1 regiment, of infantry. ,
Nevada, 4 companies of Infantry.
New Jersey, 1 regiment of infantry.
New York, 3 regiments of infantry and 3
batteries of light artillery.
North Carolina, 7 companies of infantry.
Ohio, 1 regiment and 9 companies of in-
fantry.
Oregon, 2 batteries of light artillery.
Pennsylvania, 18 companies of infantry.
Rhode Island, 2 batteries of light artillery
South Carolina, 2 battalions of infantry.
Tennessee, 1 regiment of infantry.
Texas, 1 regiment of infantry.
Utah, 1 battery of light artillery.
Virginia, 2 battalions of infantry.
Washington, 1 battalion of infantry.
West Virginia, 1 regiment of infantry.
Wisconsin, 1 regiment of infantry and 1
battery of light artillery.
Wyoming, 1 battery of light artillery.
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and In-
dian Territory, 1 regiment of infantry.
Four regiments of engineers, aggregating
3,500 men, were recruited at large. Three
regiments of cavalry (1st, 2d and 3d volun-
teer cavalry, including Roosevelt's and Tor
rey's rough riders) were recruited at large
also, aggregating 3,000. Ten immune regi-
ments of infantry were recruited south of
Mason and DIxon s line and west to Include
the Mississippi valley, aggregating 10,000
men.
STRENGTH OF THE ARMY.
Officers.
Enlisted
men.
Total.
Officers.
Enlteted
men.
Total
May Regular army
Volunteer army . . .
Aggregate
June Reg. army
Volunteer army...
Aggregate
2.191
(i.224
41.934
44,125
124.8(4
8,415
KiO.514
2.198
7,19
49.513
l.Ml.IWi
61,711
-
9.St>7
20-J.K6S
July Regular army
Volunteer army. . .
Aggregate
August Reg. army.
Volunteer army . . .
Aggregate
2.327
8,633
53.931
203.461
S6.258
212.094
10,960
257,392
2I>8,352
2,323
8,785
56,865
207,244
11,108
68,688
_216,029
274,717
The last volunteer organization was mustered into the service Aug. 24, 1898.
122
THE ISLAND OF CUBA.
123
THE ISLAND OF CUBA.
The island of Cuba was discovered by
Columbus on his first voyage, Oct. 28, 1492,
and settled by Velasquez In 1511-12. It is
the largest of the Antilles and lies between
20 and 23 degrees north latitude aud 74 and
85 degrees of longitude west of Greenwich.
The western portion is about 130 miles south
of Florida and about ninety miles from Key
West, and from time immemorial it has
been known as "the key to the Gulf of
Mexico." On the coat of arms of the city
}f Havana is a key conspicuously displayed,
which seems to imply that the city controls
the waters in which' it is so centrally lo-
cated. The northern coast has a length of
about 918 miles indented with thirty-two
harbors, of which ten are denominated as
"first class." The most important of these
are Havana, Mariel, Cabanas, Bahia Honda,
Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua. Calbarien, Nue-
vitas and Jibara. The southern coast has a
length of 972 miles, with twelve important
harbors, the best of which are Guantanamo,
Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos. Most of
the Important harbors of the island are
spacious and will admit vessels drawing
twenty-six feet of water.
cleanliness is practically unknown. The
following table, prepared by W. K. It. Phil-
lips of the United States weather oureau,
shows the average monthly temperature atu
rainfall at Havana for the last ten years.
At Matanzas the temperature is slightly
higher than at Havana and at Santiago de
Cuba the annual average is about 4 degrees
higher than at the capital city. At Havana
the maximum temperature is between noou
and 2 o'clock p. m. and the minimum be-
tween dawn and sunrise.
There are only two marked seasons In
Cuba, the dry and the rainy. The rainy sea-
son at Havana begins in the latter part of
May and ends with October. Relatively the
greater bulk of the rain falls during the
months from June to October, for during
this period the average rainfall is 32.3V
inches, or 63 per cent of the annual fall.
The number of days upon which rain fall*,
is about one day out of three. Notwith-
standing the frequency of rain during the
summer months they do not present the
greatest number of cloudy days. The rains,
"although copious, are of short duration,
and those days on which showers do fall
Temperature Mean. .
Highest
Lowest
Rainfall Mean
Greatest
Least
No. days on which rain
fell Mean
Greatest
Least
Humidity-
Mean relative per ct.
Mean absolute grs.
per cu. ft
Wind Average veloc-
ity, miles per hour.
Prevailing direction..
70.8
84.4
52.2
2.32
6.31
0.02
72.0
sr.t;
49.6
2.52
6.18
0.20
2.50
78. K
iw.o
64.4
5.15
7.0
14
1
75
6.2
7.8
B.I
II
2
ti.4
8.3
10
3
70
6.3
8.7
17.51
0.33
lt.il
u
T.fl
SI. 5
1C. 7
69.1
8.29
17.50
1.50
14. ;{
30
7
76
8.7
82.4
100.6
71.2
5.0
7.13
3.10
13.0
i;
11
74
8.8
8-2.2
iis.r,
69.8
5.43
9.36
1.45
13.3
'.'1
.
-.0.11
7.11
13.57
3.15
1C,. 7
M
11
79
8.1)
13.53
1.41
J5.6
i'ii
78
8.1
7ti.8
100.6
49.0
55.14
61.06
0.30| 46.02
127.5
149
120
7.8
8.7
8.6
6.8
r,.f>
7.8
n.,e.
74
7.5
7.8
e.
The exact area of the island has not been
determined. Estimates vary from about
35,000 to 72,000 square miles. At the lower
estimate Cuba would be about equal in size
to the state of Indiana and a little larger
than the state of Maine. At the larger esti-
mate it would exceed somewhat the state of
North Dakota. Through the island from
east to west extends a chain of mountains
the highest of which is about 8.000 feet.
The territory is well supplied with streams,
there being more than 200 rivers, the most
important of which is the Cauto In the
province of Santiago de Cuba, which is 150
miles long and navigable for small craft for
fifty miles. Another large stream is the
Sagua, in the province of Santa Clara, which
is 111 miles long and has twelve miles of
navigable channel.
As a rule the climate of Cuba is healthful,
especially in the rural districts in the east
and center of the island. There are pome
localities where malarial fevers prevail and
in many of the cities yellow fever, but this
is confined mainly to towns in which the
sanitary conditions are bad and where
are in general perfectly cloudless. It may
almost be said that during these months in.
clouds are to be seen in the atmosphere
except while the showers are falling. whi'e
in other months cloudy days sometime
occur without rain."
According to an official census taken in
1890 the population of Cuba was then
1.631,687. For years Cuba has been the
theater of war and great mortality and dev-
astation have occurred. An official state-
ment made by our government says:
"It may be assumed that the present popu-
lation is not in excess of the figures ol
1890 and it may be considerably lower. It
has been estimated that, taking as a basis
the kingdom of Belgium (482 inhabitants to
the square mile), Cuba could support 24,000,-
000 people. Of the population in 1890 the
percentages, according to race, were:
Whites, 65; colored and Chinese, 35. The
actual number of white Cubans was given
at 950.000; colored Cubans, 500,000, and
Spaniards, 160,000."
In a report made to the government Ir
1897 by Mr. Hyatt, United States consul at
124
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
Santiago de Cuba, ho says: "The produc-
tive soil, mineral wealth and climatic con-
ditions of the island entitle it to rank
among the foremost communities of the
world. The soil is a marvel of richness and
fertilizers are seldom used, unless in the
case of tobacco, even though the same crops
be grown on the same land for a hundred
years, as has happened in some of the old
sugar-cane fields. The mountains are of
coral 'formation, while the lowlands of
eastern Cuba at least seem to be composed
largely of fossils of sea matter from pre-
historic times and are extremely rich in
lime and phosphate, which accounts for
their apparent inexhaustibleness. Although
founded and settled more than fifty years
before the United States, Cuba has still
13,000,000 acres of primeval forests; mahog-
any, cedar, logwood, redwood, ebony, lig-
num-vitae and caiguaran (which is more
durable in the ground than iron or steel) are
among the woods.
"If all the land suitable to the growth of
sugar cane were devoted to that industry
it is estimated that Cuba might supply the
entire western hemisphere with sugar. Ihe
island has already produced in a single
year for export 1,000,000 tons and its capa-
bilities have only been in the experimental
stage. The adaptability of the soil for to-
bacco culture has long been known. Cuba
takes great pride in the quality of her cof-
fee and until the war the plantations were
flourishing."
The land Is not suited to the cultivation
of cereals. No flour mill, Mr. Hyatt thinks,
exists on the island. The consul continues:
"In mineral wealth Cuba is capable of
taking high rank. Gold and silver have not
been found in paying quantities. Copper
was mined at Cobre by the natives before
Columbus discovered the island and there
is strong proof that native copper was
carried across to Florida and used by the
Florida Indians hundreds of years ago.
The mound-builders of that state buried
with their dead copper ornaments and uten-
sils hammered from native copper, which
always has an admixture of more or less
foreign matter. As no copper ore is found
in Florida or In the United States for a
long distance from there, and as that found
in the United States or in Mexico does not
correspond chemically with that buried with
the mound-builders, it occurred to Prof.
R. H. Sanders of the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia that it was possi-
ble that these mound-builders had water
communication with Cuba and got their
copper from here. He therefore communi-
cated with the writer and procured a sam-
ple of native Cuban copper, which proved
upon analysis to be identical with that used
in the copper ornaments mentioned. In the
early part of the present century some
English capitalists purchased these mines,
which are nine miles from Santiago. The
books of this consulate show that from 128
to 1840 an average of from $2,000,000 to
$3,000,000 worth of copper ore was shipped
annually to the United States from these
mines. How much was shipped elsewhere
I have not the means of knowing.
"The iron mines of Cuba, all of which
are located near Santiago, overshadow in
importance all other Industries on the east-
ern end of the island, constituting the only
industry that has made any pretense of
withstanding the shock of the present insur-
rection. The Juragua and Baiquiri iron
companies (American), with a. combined
capital of over $5,000,000, now operate nilue^
in this vicinity and employ from 800 to 1,400
men, shipping to the United States from
30,000 to 50,000 tons of iron ore per month,
the largest portion of which is used at
Bethlehem, Steelton, Sparrows Point and
Pittsburg. The ore of these mines is among
the richest in the world, yielding from 62 to
67 per cent of pure iron, and is very free
from sulphur and phosphorus. There are
numerous undeveloped mines of equal value
In this region.
"In the Sierra Maestra range, on the
southern coast of Cuba, from Santiago west
to Manzanillo, within a distance of about
100 miles, are found numerous deposits of
manganese, an ore Indispensable in the
manufacture of steel. American capital
opened a mine about twenty miles distant,
at a place called Ponupo, and built a rail-
road to it. After shipping one cargo the
mines were stopped by the insurgents. As
nearly all the manganese used in the United
States comes from the Black sea regions of
Europe and a smaller quantity from the
northern part of South America, it is but
reasonable to suppose that the products of
these near-by mines will be In great demand
when the conditions are such that they can
be operated In safety.
"Railroads and other highways, improved
machinery and more modern methods of
doing business are among the wants of
Cuba, and with the onward march of civili-
zation these will doubtless be hers in the
near future. Cuba, like other tropical and
semi-tropical countries, is not given to
manufacturing; her people would rather sol!
the products of the soil and mines and buy
manufactured goods. The possibilities of
the Island are great, while the probabilities
remain an unsolved problem."
Regarding the agricultural productions of
Cuba the Bulletin of the Bureau of Amr-
ican Republics, published by the United
States government, says:
"The great wealth of Cuba lies in the
wonderful fertility of its soil. It is esti-
mated that the island has 35,000,000 acres
of land, but in 1868, according to official
statistics, only 2,689,400 were under cultiva-
tion, 9,974,134 acres were utilized in cattle-
raising and nearly 16,000,000 were still virgin
forest. Ten years later, after the long in-
surrection, considerable land was cleared
and the production of sugar assumed large
proportions. On the other hand, old lanus
were abandoned and the acreage was not
greatly Increased. It may be assumed,
therefore, that only a small fraction of the
agricultural wealth of Cuba has been de-
veloped and that at least 20,000.000 acres of
land await the application of industry and
capital.
"The principal industry of Cuba has been
for many years the cultivation of sugar
cane and the making of sugar, but this in-
dustry has suffered in recent years by the
competition of European beet sugar and the
internal disorders of the island. With the
occupation of the island by the United
States it is more than probable that the
sugar industry will again revive and become
remunerative. The great advantage ol
sugar-growing in Cuba is found in the fact
that the cane reproduces itself, without the
necessity of resowing, for ten, fifteen or
twenty years, according to the nature of the
soil. The sugar Is of superior quality and
THE ISLAND OF CUBA.
125
the proximity of the island to the United
States of America is a favoring condition.
The production of sugar from 1894 to is5
aggregated over 1,000,000 tons. From 1895 to
1896 it was only 225,000 tons.
"Cuba has long been famous for the supe-
riority of its tobacco. Efforts have been
made to rival the Cuban tobacco in different
parts of the world, but it seems to hold its
own as excelling all others. The plant is
grown In greatest abundance in the western
part of the island, Vuelta Abajo, and in
some localities in the provinces of Santa
Clara and Santiago de Cuba. Next in rank
in quality and quantity is the product of the
district of Manicaragua in the province of
Santa Clara. The Vuelta Abajo region,
where the best tobacco on the island is
raised, has suffered considerably from in-
surrection and it is believed that the crop
for 1897 will not exceed 30,000 bales of 110
pounds a tenth part, approximately, of the
ordinary yield. Nearly all the leaf tobacco
and about half the twist of Cuba is ex-
ported to the United States.
"Coffee for a long time constituted one of
the principal products of Cuba, but since
1845 the development of the coffee product
of Brazil and other countries, together with
economic conditions in Cuba, caused the cul-
tivation to decline and coffee is now raised
almost exclusively for local consumption.
"Besides sugar, tobacco and coffee Cuba
produces all the different classes of fruits
known to the tropics and many of those
belonging to the temperate zone. Among
them are the pineapple, the banana, the
orange, the mango and the guava. The
cocoanut is also an important product. 'X'ne
forest wealth of Cuba is very great and but
slightly developed. The island is rich in
cabinet wood, among which the most im-
portant are mahogany and cedar. Among
the trees the one most characteristic of
a Cuban landscape is the palm, of which
there are thirty-two species. Its wood and
leaves are employed in the manufacture of
several articles of trade, including hats and
baskets. The soil of the island is well
adapted to the production of all kinds of
vegetables. The Cuban potato is said to be
as good as that of Bermuda or I'eru and the
sweet potatoes are of superior quality.
"The price of Cuban land varies to a con-
siderable extent. In the wealthy sugar dis-
tricts 1,000, 1,200 and sometimes 3.000 pesos
($926, $1,111 and $2,778) was paid per 'cabal-
leria' (about 32.1 acres), but in other sec-
tions of the island, and especially where
there are no railway facilities, land could
be obtained at a nominal price."
Cuba has several important cities and
towns. The largest is Havana, the capital,
situated on the northern coast, and which
has long been famous for its commerce. The
city has a population of about 200,000: it is
the residence of the captain-general and
other authorities. It is defended by eight
forts, has a tine navy yard, arsenal, gun
manufactory, repair shops, barracks and
hospitals. It has also three large markets,
twenty-four churches, six theaters, a uni-
versity, a school of tine arts, several public
libraries and many educational institutions.
It has several manufactories, street-railway
and omnibus lines, railroads connecting with
other parts of the island, gas and electric
lighting plants and eighty newspapers and
other periodical!,
Pinar del Ulo, capital of the province of
the same name, has a population of 30,000.
It is situated about 135 miles southwest of
Havana, with which it is connected by a
railroad. It is noted for the fine quality of
the tobacco grown in its vicinity.
Matanzas, capital of the province of Ma-
tanzas, is sixty-six miles east of Havana
and has a population of 56,000. It is famous
for its proximity to the Bellamar caves and
the valley of the Yumuri.
Cardenas is ninety miles east of Havana
and is a commercial port of importance. Jt
has a population of 23,000.
Santa Clara, 216 miles east of the capital,
with which it. Is connected by rail, has a
population of 32,000.
Sagua la Grande, eighty miles east of Ha-
vana, is situated on the river of the same
name, seven miles from its mouth, and has
a population of 18,000.
Cienfuegos, in the province of Santa Clara,
is situated on the southern coast of the
island, on the fine bay of Jagua, and Is a
thriving center of trade. It is about 100
miles southeast of Havana and has 40,000
inhabitants. In the same province are
Trinidad, with 29,000 inhabitants; Sanctl
Esplrltu, 20,000, and San de los Kemedios,
15,000.
Puerto Principe, capital of that province,
some 200 miles east of Havana, has 49,000
inhabitants.
Santiago de Cuba is the capital of the
province in which It is situated, has a
population of about 50,000 and one of the
finest harbors on the southern coast. It has
a number of important buildings and at one
time was the capital of the island. It is a
noted city, but in the future it will be best
known because of Its capitulation to the
American army of Invasion on the 14th of
July, 1898. In the same province are the
Important towns of Manzanillo, Bayamo.
Jiguani, Holguin, Jibara, Guantanamo and
Baracoa.
There are ten railway companies operating
lines of road in Cuba, the more important
being the Ferrocarriles Unidos, with 1,000
miles of main road connecting Havana with
Matanzas, Batabano, Union and Guanajay.
The next In importance is the Western rail-
way, ninety-six miles long, running to Pinar
del Rio.
The telegraph and telephone systems in
Cuba belong to the government, but the lat-
ter is farmed out for a limited number of
years to a company called the Red Tele-
fonica de la Habana. Nearly all the public
and private buildings in the city and sub-
urbs are connected by telephone. The
Statesman's Year Book, 1898, says that
there are 2,300 miles of telegraph line with
153 offices.
Under the Spanish administration Cuba
was divided into three regions the western,
central and eastern. Each region comprises
two provinces, divided into several judicial
districts, and these again subdivided into
municipal sections. The western region
embraces the provinces of Pinar del Rio and
Havana, the central comprises the provinces
of Matanzas and Santa Clara and the east-
ern provinces are made up of Puerto Prin-
cipe and Santiago de Cuba. The capital of
the island is the city of Havana.
Prior to 1898 the island was governed by a
governor and captain-general, appointed by
the Spanish crown, who is the superior po-
litical, military and economic chief. Each
of the six provinces was administered by a
126 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
governor. On the 1st of January, 1898, the
Spanish government adopted a system of
autonomous government for the island, pro-
viding for popular representation in the ad-
ministration of affairs, but it was not ac-
cepted by the insurgents and has had no
practical effect. Under the terms of the
suspension of hostilities between the United
States and Spain the affairs of the island
are likely to be administered for the present
by. the military commanders of the United
States forces.
The trade of the United States with Cuba
since 1891 is given as follows by the bureau
of statistics, treasury department:
DESCRIPTION.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
181)0.
1897.
$26.044.502
35,61)9.893
$66,140.83
11,790.811
5 $06,049.369
8 12,657,137
$67.418.289
8.259.972
$17,684.765
35.186.494
52,074.763
J7.942.967
$1,270.059
17.136.756
Dutiable
Total
61,714,395
77,931.67
1 78,706.506
75,678,261
52,871,259
W.017.730
18,406.815
Exports Domestic
ll,929.t5
295.283
17,622.41
331,19
1 23,604.094
9 553,604
19.855,237
270,084
12.5.tt.260
274.401
7,312.348
218,r,32
7,599.757
660.019
Foreign
Total
12.224,888
17.953,57
9 24,157.698
20.125.321
12.807,661
7.530,880
8,259.776
The commerce of Spain with Cuba since
1891, the figures up to 1895 being taken from
a compilation by the department of agrlcul-
ture and those for 1896 from a British for-
eign office report In 1898, was:
DESCRIPTION.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.-
$7,193.17
2J.KB.05i
3 $9,570,399
) 2S.016.ti3t!
$5,697.291
24.689.373
$7,265,120 i
22.592.943 '
S7.176,105
J6.298.497
$4,257,360
26.145.SOO
Exports to Cuba
WHERE REGULAR-ARMY OFFICERS WERE BORN.
Tabular statement showing number of army officers born in each state, territory or
foreign country, compiled from the official United States army registers for 1883 and 1898:
STATE, TERRITORY, ETC.
1888.
189S.
STATE,
TERRITORY, ETC.
1888.
1898.
Active.
Retired.
Active.
Retired.
Active.
Retired.
|
Retired.
Alabama
H
BB
Utah
...
4
41
84
4
9
13
8
'.14
4
17
17
s
i)
California
13
311
Washing!
West Vir
Wiscons
Wyoming
Colorado
Connecticut
"49
"is
1
42
H
"25
Kinia
3
29
'"2
13
39
9
'"a
Dakota
11
53
10
2ti
81
6.)
2
11
1
8
11
t
11
36
10!)
Mi
5
13
2
1
2
1
1
3
District of Columbia
Florida
1
1
2
1
Georgia
1
16
26
1
Illinois
14
3
13
Indiana
Cherokee
Corfu..
Indian Territory
]
1
Iowa
15
29
Iti
64
16
51
a
94
71
N
1
2
20
23
17
40
11
East Indi
England
1
1
12
1
14
Kansas
7
17
8
25
1
11
1
7
11
7
11
1
Kentucky
63
10
t;i
C>7
IK;
55
13
17
1
18
14
31
12
Germany
Hungary
Maine
Maryland
54
29
n
i
36
Massachusetts
Isle of Mi
Italy
Michigan
2
1
1
i
i
2
Minnesota
Malta
Mississippi
Missouri
I'.l
50
'"5
2ti
n
"6
Netherlai
New Brm
ids . .
1
i
1
"i
2
Nebraska
Nevada
1
)
Nova Sco
Poland
tia
3
2
i
1
1
1
7
New Hampshire
30
44
9
17
7
IS
51
t;
13
10
1
New Jersey,
Prince Edward Isl
1
New Mexico Territory
8
1
7
4
1
New York
357
21
173
90
2
29
2*9
33
S
245
n
32
SO
H2
119
2
50
105!
13
2
6
i
Sandwich
North Carolina
1
9
2
2
8
1
t;
i
l
1
7
s
'"
" J
Ohio
Oregon
South An
Sweden.. .
Switzerla
Wales.. .
Pennsylvania
Khode Island
"its'
18
24
8
75
4
1
4
id'.""!'.!
South Carolina
1
Tennessee
Total.
2169
476
21U4
~663
Texas
THE ISLAND OF PUERTO RICO.
127
THE ISLAND OF PUERTO RICO.
The island of Porto Rico, or, according
to the spelling of the Spanish, Puerto Rico,
meaning "a rich port," ranks fourth in size
with the islands of the Greater Antilles,
being exceeded in area by Cuba, Santo Do-
mingo and Jamaica. It lies between the
seventeenth and nineteenth parallels of
north latitude and the sixty-sixth and sixty-
seventh degrees of longitude. Authorities
are not exactly agreed as to the area of the
island. A recent report by a British consul
gives it an area of about 3,668 square miles
thirty-five miles broad and ninety-five
miles long. An American authority says
the "island is, in shape, an irregular paral-
lelogram, being a little under 100 miles long
by one-third of that distance broad." The
island was discovered by Columbus on his
second voyage, on the 16th day of November,
1493. According to tradition he landed on
the western coast of the island, at the
site of the present town of Aguadilla. which
means "a watering place," and, as the lo-
cality is now famous for its supply of ex-
cellent fresh water, it is supposed that he
touched there to refill the tanks of his ves-
sels. The native name of the island was
Borinquen and the inhabitants were of the
sime Indian race that occupied Haiti.
The Spaniards were delighted with the
beauty of the island and with its fertility,
and Prince Juan Ponce de Leon, one of
Columbus' officers, assumed control in the
hope of acquiring fortunes for himself and
some of bis personal followers. He re-
mained and established a government, the
object being to wring as much out of the
peaceable and inoffensive people as was pos-
sible. The Indians in 1508 arose in rebel-
lion against the arbitrary rule of Ponce de
Leon; the revolt lasted until 1510, the result
being that the inhabitants were defeated
and the Spanish rule thoroughly estab-
lished on the island. In 1511 the present
capital city was founded and called San
Juan Beautista de Puerto Rico.
There was nothing of interest in the his-
tory of the island between 1510 and 1595.
The period is filled with the stories of the
wrongs of the Spaniards and the sufferings
of the people, for the avarice of the con-
querors was unappeased and the rights
of the inhabitants were unrespected. In
1505 the daring British admiral Drake
made an attack upon San Juan, burned a
portion of the town and destroyed some
of the Spanish ships in the harbor, but he
was forced to embark without being able
to hold the city permanently. The next
year the earl of Cumberland, another Brit-
ish officer, attacked the place and com-
pelled the citadel, Morro, to capitulate, but
his sailors fell victims to the fevers and
diseases incident to the climate and he
was obliged to abandon his conquests. In
1625 Gen. Heinrich, a Dutch officer, led an
expedition against the island and laid siege
to the town and citadel, but in an attack
upon the fortifications the Dutch were
routed and Heinrich was killed. Again in
1678 the English planned an attack upon
San Juan, but it railed, owing to a storm
that scattered the fleet and destroyed
some of the vessels. The attempt was re-
peated in 1703. when a landing was ef-
fected at Arecibo. a point some thirty miles
west of San Juan, but it was repulsed with
great loss and the British admiral was com-
pelled to re-embark his forces and give uy
the attempt to take the island. The last
attack on the Island was made by the
noted British commander, Sir Ralph Aber-
cromby, in 1797. He laid siege to San Juan,
which he maintained for some two weeks,
when, owing to insufficiency of his forces,
he abandoned the effort and retired. Until
the bombardment of the fortifications by
Admiral .Sampson on the 12th of May, 1898,
the city had had a century's respite from
attacks by the enemies of Spain.
There have been several ineffectual at-
tempts of the people to throw off the Span-
ish rule, one of the earliest of which was
the effort to establish a republic in 1820.
The movement was checked without loss of
life by the wise course of the governor,
Torre, who was one of the ablest men that
Spain has ever intrusted with the direction
of any of her colonies. Another rebellion
broke out in 1867, which was inspired by a
sympathy with the revolt in Cuba then
being carried on. An earthquake so fright-
ened the people that the uprising went to
pieces and was not again actively taken
up, although peaceable efforts to secure in-
dependence have never been wholly aban-
doned on the part of the more influential
portion of the people. The island has a
population of about 815,000, of whom over
300,000 are negroes, the remainder being
mostly Spaniards, besides some Americans,
English, Germans and other European peo-
ples. The surface of the island is broken
by hills and low mountain ranges, one of
which passes through it from east to west,
with spurs projecting nearly to the northern
coast. The highest point in this range is
El Yunque, which rises 3,71)0 feet above the
sea level and is visible for fifty or sixty
miles from the coast. The island abounds
with streams of the purest water, there
being 1,300 flowing into the sea, of which
forty-seven are rivers of considerable size.
The island is thus abundant'y watered and
furnishes pasturage for immense herds of
wild cattle.
The climate Is exceptionally salubrious
for a tropical one, and much of this is due to
the fact that there is very little stagnant
water, most of it being in running streams,
and this has the effect of rendering the air
pure and healthful. For foreigners the
island of Puerto Rico has been more attrac-
tive than any of those surrounding it, the
winters being especially pleasant, and
from November to April living in the moun-
tain valleys is delightful. In the northern
section of the island the rainy season be-
gins in May and extends to the last of Sep-
tember, the rain falling often like a deluge.
It is estimated that in some sections the
fall of water in those months aggregates
about seventy cubic inches. During this
period of the year there is an almost con-
stant sea breeze from the north during the
entire day, which makes life on that coast
endurable. In the southern portions there
is often very little rain, it being frequently
the case that none is seen for the entire
twelve months of the year. The most un-
favorable months for those not acclimated
are August and September, when fevers and
malarial disorders are prevalent, but living
in the mountains affords some protection
against sickness.
The island is naturally adapted to agri-
culture, for the soil is rich and easily
worked. It is chiefly clay mixed with marl,
and the abundant natural supply of water
keeps it productive even In those portions
that are not visited by the rains that are
common to the northern sections of the
THE ISLAND OF PUERTO RICO.
129
Island. The mountains are covered with
timber, of which the palm Is the most use-
ful, the wood for lumber, the fruit for food
and the leaves for thatching the dwellings
of the negroes. A good deal of mahogany
is exported and the plantain and the ba-
nana supply large quantities of food for the
poorer classes. Coffee, tobacco and sugar
cane grow in profusion, while cotton of
peculiar fineness is easily cultivated. In
1896 the exports of the leading staples were:
Sugar, 54,205 tons; coffee, 26.655 tons; hides,
160 tons; cattle, 3,187 head; timber, 30 tons;
molasses, 14,740 tons, and tobacco, 1,039
tons. Upsides these the island produces
Hax, cassia, ginger, rice, maize, citrons,
lemons, oranges and many other varieties
of fruits. So far as is now known there
are no important deposits of ores or min-
erals, although traces of gold have been
found in the Ibeds of the streams and indi-
cations of iron, copper, lead and coal have
been discovered.
There Is no portion of the West India
islands in which the people are in a better
condition than In Puerto Rico. This is due
to the fact that it is an agricultural coun-
try and the poorer classes have been en-
couraged to become the possessors of land
and many of them have become small
landed proprietors. When slavery existed
in the island slaves were encouraged to
purchase their freedom and many availed
themselves of the favorable terms offered.
In 1873 slaverv was abolished. The island
has therefore been comparatively free from
revolts and political disorders, notwith-
standing the fact that the people disliked
the Spanish rule. The island has become
the home of a free, self-sustaining peas-
antry, imposing no burdens upon the gov-
ernment, but each family usually having its
modest home, with necessary stock, and
producing all that is required for sup-
port. The way the American soldiers were
greeted shows the simplicity and hospital-
ity of the plain people. The worst thing In
the social condition of the inhabitants is
their ignorance and superstition. They
need schools of every kind and religious In-
struction.
Puerto Rico was a province of Spain, gov-
erned by a captain-general, who was the
civil governor and also commander of the
military forces stationed on the island, as
well as the head of the highest court. Out-
side of San Juan the island is divided Into
seven military departments, each being
under a separate official. The towns are
governed by alcaldes, or mayors, appointed
from San Juan. The government is sup-
ported by duties on imports, licenses for
lotteries, public gambling houses and cock-
pits. The more important cities and towns
are San Juan, Ponce. Mayaguez, Aguadilla,
Arecibo, Fajardo, Naguabo and Arroyo.
The following description of these places Is
taken from the United States consular re-
ports:
SAN JUAN.
San Juan Is situated on a long and narrow
Island, separated from the main island at
one end by a shallow arm of the sea, over
which is a bridge connecting it with the
mainland, which runs out at this point in
a long sand spit some nine miles in length
apparently to meet the smaller island; at
the other end the island ends in a rugged
hluff or promontory some hundred feet nigh
nnd three-fourths of a mile distant from
the main Island. This promontory Is
crowned by Slorro castle, the principal
fortification of the town. At this end of the
Island is the entrance to the harbor, with a
narrow channel and rocky bottom, so close
under the headland that one can almost
leap ashore from a passing vessel. Tne
water here Is some thirty feet deep. Tc a
mariner unacquainted with the locality, or
when a norther is blowing, this entrance is
one of difficulty and danger. After round-
ing the bluff one finds a broad and beautiful
bay, landlocked and with a good depth of
water, which Is being increased by dredg-
ing. It is by far the Dest harbor in Puerto
Rico and probably as good a one as can be
found in the West Indies. However, it has
Its drawbacks. Sailing vessels are fre-
quently detained by the northerly winds
during the winter months, and even steam-
ers with a draft of over twenty feet are
sometimes delayed; but these occasions are
rare. When they do occur the "boca," or
entrance to the harbor, is a mass of seeth-
ing, foaming water and presents an im-
posing spectacle. To see steamers of six-
teen to eighteen feet draft enter in a
severe norther is a sight to be remembered,
as the great waves lift them up and seem
about to hurl them forward to destruc-
tion. At such times there Is need of a
stanch vessel, steady nerves and a captain
well acquainted with the channel, as no
pilot will venture out. The island upon
which the city stands is shaped much Uke
an arm and hand; it is about two and one-
fourth miles long and averages less than
one-fourth of a mile in width. The great-
est width is a little over half a mile in
the portion representing the hand, which
also contains the major part of the city.
San Juan is a perfect specimen of a walled
town, with portcullis, moat, gates and bat-
tlements. Built over 250 years ago, It Is
still In good condition and repair. The
walls are picturesque and represent a stu-
pendous work and cost In themselves. In-
side the walls the city is laid off in regular
squares, six parallel streets running In the
direction of the length of the island and
seven at right angles. The houses are
closely and compactly built of brick, usually
of two stories, stuccoed on the outside and
Sainted in a variety of colors. The upper
oors are occupied by the more respectable
people, while the ground floors, almost
without exception, are given up to negroes
and the poorer class, who crowd one upon
another in the most appalling manner.
The population within the walls is esti-
mated at 20,000 and most of It lives on the
ground floor. In one small room, with a
flimsy partition, a whole family will reside.
The ground floor of the whole town reeks
with filth and conditions are most unsani-
tary. In a tropical country, where disease
readily prevails, the consequence of such
herding may be easily Inferred. There is
no running water in the town. The entire
population depends upon rain water, caught
upon the flat roofs of the buildings and con-
ducted to the cistern, which occupies the
greater part of the inner courtyara that is
an essential part of Spanish houses the
world over, but that here, on account of
the crowded conditions, is very small.
There is no sewerage, except for surface
water and sinks, while vaults are in every
bouse and occupy whatever remaining space
there may be in the patios not taken up by
the cisterns. The risk of contaminating the
water is very great and in dry seasons the
supply is entirely exhausted. Epidemics are
frequent and the town is alive with vermin,
fleas, cockroaches, mosquitoes and dops.
The streets are wider than In the older part
of Havana and will admit two carriages
abreast. The sidewalks are narrow and In
130
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
? laces will accommodate but one person,
'he pavements are of a composition manu-
factured in England from slag, pleasaut and
even, and durable when no heavy strain Is
brought to bear upon them, but easily
broken and unfit for heavy traffic. Ihe
streets are swept once a day by hand, and,
strange to say, are kept very clean. From
Its topographical situation the town should
be healthy, but It Is not. The soil under the
city is clay mixed with lime, so hard as
to be almost like rock. It is consequently
Impervious to water and furnishes a good
natural drainage. The trade wind blows
strong and fresh and through the harbor
runs a stream of sea water at a speed of
not less than three miles an hour. With
these conditions no contagious diseases, if
properly taken care of, could exist; without
them the place would be a veritable plague
spot. Besides the town within the walls
there are small portions just outside, called
the Marina and Puerta de Tierra, contain-
ing 2,000 or 3,000 inhabitants each. There
are also two suburbs, one, San Tnrce, ap-
proached by the only roud leading out of the
city, and the other, Catano, across the bay.
reached by ferry. The Marina and the two
suburbs are situated on sandy points or spits
and the latter are surrounded by mangrove
swamps. The entire population of the city
and suburbs, according to the census of
1887, was 27,000. It Is now (1836) estimated
at 30,000. One-half of the population con-
sists of negroes and mixed races. There is
but little manufacturing and it is of small
importance. The Standard Oil company has
a small refinery across the bay, in which
crude petroleum, brought from the United
States, is refined. Matches are made, some
brooms, a little soap and a cheap class of
trunks. There are also ice, gas and elec-
tric light works. The climate is warm, but
for three mouths of the year agreeable, al-
though one is subject, from the sudden
change, to colda and catarrh. The natives
are particularly susceptible to this class of
ailments and to consumption and bronchitis.
PONCE.
The city Is situated on the south coast of
the island of Puerto Rico, on a plain, about
two miles from the seaboard. It is regu-
larly built the central part almost exclu-
sively of brick houses and the suburbs of
wood. It 10 the residence of the military
commander and the seat of an official cham-
ber of commerce. There Is an appellate
criminal court, besides other courts; two
churches one protestant. said to be the only
one in the Spanish West Indies two hos-
pitals besides the military hospitals, a home
of refuge for the old and poor, a perfectly
equipped fire department, a bank, a thea-
ter, three first-class hotels and gas works.
The city has an ice machine and there are
115 vehicles for public conveyance. The In-
habitants, who number about 15,000, are
principally occupied in mercantile pursuit^,
but carpenters, bricklayers, joiners, tailors,
shoemakers and barbers find good employ-
ment. The department of Ponce counts
about 40,000 inhabitants. The chief occupa-
tions of the people are the cultivation of
sugar, cocoa, tobacco and oranges, and the
breeding of cattle. Commercially Ponce is
the second city of importance on the Island.
A fine road leads to the port (Playat, whore
all the import and export trade is trans-
acted. Playa has nbout 6,000 inhabitants,
and here are situated the custom house, the
office of the captain of the port and all the
consular offices. The port is spacious and
will hold vessels of twenty-five feet draft.
The climate, on account of the sea breezes
during the day and land breezes at night,
is not oppressive, though warm; and, as
water for all purposes, including the flre
department, is amply supplied by an aque-
duct, it may be said that the city of Ponce
is perhaps the healthiest place in the whole
island.
MAYAGUEZ.
Mayaguez, the third city of importance of
the island, is situated in the west part,
facing what is generally known as the
"Mona channel." Of industries there is lit-
tle to be said, except that there are three
manufactories of chocolate, which Is for lo-
cal consumption. Sugar, coffee, oranges,
pineapples and cocoanuts are exported
largely all, except coffee, principally to tne
United States. Of sugar the muscovado
goes to the United States and the centrif-
ugal to Spain. Mayaguez is the second
port for coffee, the average annual export
being 170,000 hundredweight. The quality is
of the best, ranging in price with Java and
other first-rate brands. The lower grades
are sent to Cuba. About 50,000 bags of flour
are imported into this port every year from
the United States, out of the 180.000 bags
that are consumed in the whole island. The
population is nearly 20,000, the majority
white. The climate is excellent, the temper-
ature never exceeding 90 degrees Fahren-
heit. The city is connected by tram with
the neighboring town of Aguadilla. and a
railroad is being constructed to Lares, one
of the largest Interior towns.
AGUADILLA.
The city, which is the principal town and
the port of Aguadilla district, in the north-
west portion of the island, has 5,000 inhab-
itants. Industries in the vicinity consist of
the cultivation of sugar cane, coffee, tobac-
co and cocoanuts and the distillation of rum
from molasses. In the town are three es-
tablishments for preparing coffoe for ex-
portation. The climate is hot, but healthy;
there Is hardly ever yellow fever.
ARECIBO.
The town, of from 6.000 to 7.000 inhab-
itants, is situated on the north coast of
Puerto Rico, facing the Atlantic ocean, and
some fifty miles distant by rail from San
Juan. It is similar to all Spanish towns.
with a plaza surrounded by the church and
other public buildings in the center, and
streets running from It in right angles,
forming regular squares. The buildings are
constructed of wood and brick. The harbor
is poor, being nothing more than an open
roadstead exposed to the full force of the
ocean. In which vessels during northerly
winds can hardly lie In safety. Close in-
shore, on one side, dangerous reefs stretch,
a constant menace to vessels if the anchor
does not hold. Into this harbor empties a
narrow and shallow stream called the Rio
Grande de Arecibo. Goods are conveyed on
this river to and from the town in flat-bot-
tomed boats, with the aid of long poles and
by dint of much pushing and patience. At
the bar of the rivor everything is again
transferred into lighters, and thence to ves-
sels. It is a tedious and expensive process.
However, Arecibo is quite an important
port and has tributary to it a large district
of some 30.000 inhabitants. The want of
good roads in the island makes such a place
as Arecibo far more important than it would
naturally be.
FAJARDO.
The town, on the east coast of the island,
has a population of 8,779, according to the
THE ISLAND OF PUERTO RICO. 131
last official statistics (December, 1887). The 1.200 inhabitants. The annual exports to the
port is handsome, with a third-class light- United States average 7,000 to 10,000 heads
house at the entrance at the point called of sugar, 2,000 to 5,000 casks of molasses and
Cabezas de San Juan and a custom house 50 to 150 casks and barrels of bay rum
open to universal commerce. The town is viirmTi?
bay Ut The e "ly TnUrtaT tadSrtrTo? tnl The lsland " Vie^.eNltuated thirteen
district is the manufacture of muscovado m ! e8 , east of Puerto Rico to twenty-one
sucar to which most of th.> nlnntors < miles long and six miles wide. Its land is
: fe themselves She* hirkorv " verv fert " e and adapted to the cultivation
pin! boards and'' prov^ns c ome ^omThe of almos L al U he f '"" and vegetables that
United States in considerable quantities j> r 1 , w sl n t he , * est . I "f- 1 , Catt l e are ""***
Sugar and molasses are exported and occa- and s " g " cultivated. It has a population ot
sionally tortoise shell. The climate is tern- ?. me 6 '- T *? e own - Isal>el Segunda, is on
perate and healthy tne n rth, and the port s unsafe in times
wYrT-nijri ot northerly wind, like all the anchorages
x , . , n* l ~*li~5r; , n that side; the few ports of the south are
Nagiiabo (on the east side) is a small town better, the best being Punta Arenas. Not
of only about 2.000 inhabitants, and in the i ong ago there were two importing nnd ex-
harbor there is another smaller place, called portin| houses on the island of Vfcqne. but
?<$* Naguabo, or Ucares. with about O n account of the Ions period of drought and
1,500. The capita of the department Hu- the high duties on foreign imported goods
m nnn i w? e ? llle ?i, from , ^aguabo and has trade lias decreased to local conmnnptlon
4,000 inhabitants, the district comprising only. All supplies are brought from San
more than lo.OOO. j,, an> t he majority being of American origin.
ARROYO. The climate is fine and may be considered
Arroyo, in the district of Guayama (south- healthy; there have never been any con-
east portion), is a small seaport of about tagious diseases.
COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH PUERTO RICO FROM 1890 TO 1897 BY
, PRINCIPAL ARTICLES.
IMPORTS FKOM PUERTO KICO.
ARTICLES.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
18!)6.
1897.
FREE OF DUTY.
Coffee Ibs
635.841
$140.435
$27.551
$8.408
174.174
$39.686
$32,985
*1, 626.924
*$425.U30
42.928 398
$1.349.247
$9.107
141.150
$26.891
$31,534
3.312.448
$861.079
80.474,,)47
$2,308.657
$8.17b
91.906
$23.814
$26,028
2,502.666
$708.905
99.578.182
$3.227..V.'2
$7,804
372.427
$81.22fa
$15,177
2.554.265
$<B0.370
75.484.143
$2,392.514
$7.608
(Vi.782
$11.724
$397
159.641
$24.101
$63
133,083
$22,489
$61
Fruits, Including nuts.
Sugar and molasses-
Molasses gals
Sugar Ibs
16.065.702
$311.704
$51.539
g
$24.444
$79.161
All other free articles.
Total free of duty.
DUTIABLE.
Sugar and molasses-
Molasses (?als
$176,394
$1,856.955
$3.236.3b7
$3S94.(i73
$3.126,895
.*:ir.-,.:jt;i
$48.608
$101,711
4.106,368
Sl.110.473
7>;.920,934
$2,730.774
$15.985
t837,390
t$2 18.1)91
137.085254
t$L067.156
$21.008
(t)
811.670
ffl
t39,729
W.411
$12.539
R
t61,887
t$l,537
$7.202
2.038.121
$418.'i45
40.286.820
$082.a
JSO.IIM
2,256.073
$520,275
81.582,810
$1.708,318
$19.452
2.639.134
$470,532
8R.607.31T
$1,577.911
.*:).S70
All other dut. articles.
Total dutiable
Total imports
Gold....
$3.877.232
i?4 3.626
$1.307.155
$3,164.110
$11.670
$3.2t8,007
$13.950
$4,008,6
$8,739
$3.135.634
$1,131,148
.*i.;)(N;..>i2
$2.248.045
$2.296.653
$2 079.313
$2.181,024
5,750
4.4?4
19.450
276.958
11,431
53
6.625
11.743
11.855
53.484
6.905
13.004
24.154
6.959
Silver
165.531
EXPORTS TO PUERTO RICO.
AGRICULTURAL AND
OTHER PRODUCTS.
Breadstuffs
Bread & biscuit. .Ibs.
Corn bu.
427.032
$23,832
12.966
S6.u:{
9.0IB
$23.923
lal.'.W)
fliW.oK)
$17.95*
$771,757
509,992
$27.80f
9.375
$5.380
8.197
$26.099
127.983
SWS.828
$20.7(8
.*;is,xrf>
762.076
$38,787
37.237
$22.214
11.010
$35,634
162.147
$826.561
$29.569
fti.Y.'.Tr,;,
432.075
$22.768
23,874
14.614
14.847
$48 W
167.053
J733.308
$23.301
SSU7.IC)6
338,445
$16.959
17.449
$9.141
28.414
$77.409
200.813
$7:M.443
$:.2-,'2
W71.174
194.729
$10.431
1,200
$714
2.417
$6.1:60
118,617
J3S2.67C.
$'.0.318
Siio.sm
399,687
$19,930
595
$276
355
$886
129,021
$486.482
$13,766
$521.35C
673,128
$29,787
* 1.200
$433
897
n,eae
126,933
$516.188
i<i;t.:!7!i
$561,485
Wheat flour brls.
Allother
Total
Fruits, including nuts.
Hops Ibs.
$3.080
4.195
$631
24.621
$2.037
2.507
$523
51.512
$. r ).l5
3.191
$695
8,750
f.vs::;
2.9S1
$518
8.050
*:>.(]< is
2.167
$434
16,500
$2,712
2.488
$294
600
$3.512
3.929
$423
$4.123
2.505
$266
Oil cake and oil-cake
meal Ibs.
See "Dutiable." tSee "Free of Duty."
132 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
EXPORTS TO PUERTO RICO.-CONTIN0ED.
ARTICLES.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1S97.
Oils-
Animal Aother.gals.
Vegetable-
Cotton and linseed
gals.
$383
648
$4lC
918
$611
$735
364
$204
726
$473
$136
390
$267
4.277
$2.090
$129
443
$300
5.697
$2.763
$208
949
$579
2.294
$1,114
$fi
229
$100
1.510
$575
424
$2or
2.548
$849
955
$454
461
$165
Provisions, comprising
meat and dairy
products-
Beef Canned . . .Ibs.
Salt'dorpickl'd.lbs.
Tallow . .Ibs
960
$88
91.600
$4.534
14,704
$997
1,044,259
$79,189
2.812.900
$173,739
3.531.225
$U70.98S
68.010
$8,092
$17,930
108,557
$13,711
186,624
$22,448
$163
4.236
$300
82,490
$3.922
16.514
$958
1,324.703
$100.201
3.540.000
$220.311
3,075.060
$237,692
59,100
KMG
$9.1S1
109,210
$12,042
275.967
$32.091
$145
2.252
$190
104.180
$5.157
7.472
$496
1.501.943
$124.430
4.702.800
$301.73
4.397.820
$324.970
20.700
$2.448
$16.027
103,417
$13.533
247,532
$31.368
$239
'4,045
$354
80,360
$3.894
11,100
$778
9S2.209
$113.844
3,318.600
$282.98(1
3.239.094
$300,809
43,070
$5.458
$10,895
63,835
$9.780
244.884
$28.721
$544
6.16fi
$509
79.300
$4.159
3.305
$171
1.030.788
$117,733
4.480.400
$360.6S4
3.979.784
$343.573
76,o34
$10.182
$17,723
139,774
$21,456
130,545
$16,568
$005
1,584
. $123
35.025
$1,781
3.990
$234
1.079.033
$99.908
3.285.21X1
$221.848
3,414.798
$243.148
110.515
$13.540
$14,025
102,914
$12,448
25.319
$3,038
$667
A.112
SUB
32,925
$1,1106
7.591
$4-21
1.281.114
$111.735
4.495.550
$243.311
4.027.501
$244.407
18.440
$1,738
$17,092
20,655
$2.754
25.404
$2.946
$737
2,496
$192
61,100
$2.905
4,565
$256
1,50(5.960
$112.002
3.450.200
$152.411
4.572.985
$228,051
Bacon andhams.lbs.
Pork, pickled Ibs.
Lard Ibs.
Oleomargarine
Imitat'n butter.lbs.
All other meat prod's
Dairy products -
Butter Ibs.
$23,529
33.525
$4,000
20,478
$3.022
$729
Milk
Total
$591,879
$636,731
$820,595
$764,057) $893,363
$608,820
$02(5,960
$527,706
Tobacco, unman n fac
tured Ibs.
10.315
$1,031
9,365
$1,290
14.100
$1,84:
Beans and peas. .bu.
Onions bu.
Potatoes .. . bu
7.595
$15,198
1.476
$1,849
738
$544
$736
7,61b
$12,357
43,625
$80.343
410
$426
2,701
$1,852
$771
10.091
$23,685
40
$44
1,547
$1,559
$681
$44,105
127
$130
655
$509
$562
5,289
$7.338
36,522
$44,244
386
$309
2.709
$1,075
$581
447849
$57,550
2.343
$2.345
$1,238
1,770
$1.240
$319
8.969
$5,707
$213
$03 470
Allother
Total
All other agricultural
products
$1.825
$1.779! $982
$2.036
$1,943
$1,185
$2,771
$3,020
Total agricultural
products
Agricultural implem's
Cotton, mt'rs. ot
$1.389,934
$1,409,487
$1,868.688
$1.939.301
$1,819,189
$1,033.459
$1,203.001
$1,160,689
$5,516
$30,144
$2,694
$720
$779
$2,409
$25,007
120,045
$3,035
$4.507
$22.529
$1,697
$2.660
$34.048
$2,144
$3,170
$15,744
$2,241
$7.510
$2,530
$000
$408
$2.728
$14.480
$2.029
$0,907
$26,543
$3,060
$4,239
$12,002
$3,149
$88
$327
India rubber and gut-
ta-percha, mt'rs. of...
Iron and steel, iiifrs.of-
Cutlery
$363
$1,480
$18,987
67,279
$1,992
$611
$10,754
4
$2.200
842,471
$29.139
$12,625
$595,963
$274
$418
$20,023
85,430
$2,505
'"$io,57i
6
$2.023
601,538
$19,736
$9,860
$835,081
$1.104
$140
$56.389
186. 1V9
$4,582
""$ii',486
6
$4,291
1,073.142
$28.891
$9,291
$726.158
- $000
$400
$50,042
121.813
$2.592
$1.795
$7,831
3
$3.000
677,000
$13.470
$5,300
$675.101
$327
Firearms
Machinery, n. e. s
Nails and spikes. Ibs.
Railway bars
$31.373
138,079
$3,009
" ; $'16,471
$4,040
1.401.182
$31.tl07
$8,404
$758.546
$44,524
100.258
$2.809
$1.394
$12,496
2
$1.265
1,077,900
$21.251
$9.339
$747.424
$09,462
82.075
$2,417
"'7,083
$2,141
813,485
$15.719
17,868
$680,1(16
Saws and tools. .
$10,663
$1.025
418.162
$15.057
$11.003
$749.114
btation'y engin's.No.
Wire Ibs
Leather, and mfrs. of.
All other articles
Total domestic exp. .
Total foreign exp ...
Total exp. of mdse. . .
Gold. ..
$2,247,7l
$49.838
$2,112.334
$42.900
$2,808,631
$47,372
$2.50:2,788
$7.819
$2,705.640
$1,820,203
$13.341
$2,080.400
$21694
$1,964.850
$2.297.538
$2.155,234
$2.856.003
$2.510.607
$2.720.508
FL833.944
*2.1(i->,094
?1.9SS.SS8
98
5.000
2,754
1,400
Silver
10,990
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
133
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
There are few portions of the globe con-
cerning \\ hi<')i less is accurately known
than that division which is embraced
within what is commonly called the Philip-
pine archipelago. The Spanish occu-
I ants of the territory have been op-
posed to the development of the islands,
nd have imposed taxes so onerous on all
ranches of industry that explorations to
. scertain what the islands really contained
or were capable of producing have been
limited to incursions prompted more by
curiosity than for any practical object.
An English resident has this summer pur>-
lished a pamphlet on the gold productions
of the Philippines, in which he says:
"Not five books in the English language are
worth considering about them [these is-
lands]. Crawford's history of the Indian
archipelago, published early in this cen-
tury, is still the student's textbook.
Whatever has been published since then,
134
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
when it rises above the level of a mere
traveler's tale, is either not comprehensive
or not reliable."
The archipelago lies between 4.40 and 20
north latitude und 116.40 and 126.30 east
longitude. So little is known about the
region that writers do not agree as to the
number of islands that make up the archi-
pelago. A recent writer says: "The num-
ber of islands which form the Philippine
archipelago will astonish many readers. It
is said to approach 2,000. There are among
them two that are larger than Ireiancl
namely, Luzon, with 42,000, and Mindanao,
with 38,000 square miles. There are other
islands with 6,500, 5,000, 4,500, 4,000, 3,500
and 3,000 square miles." Of the whole
number some 600 are habitable. While
there is much uncertainty regarding the
area of the Philippines there is as little
known as to the number of inhabitants that
dwell upon them. Mr. Joseph T. Mannix,
an educated native of Luzon, in an article
published in June, 1898, says: "There are In
the Philippines between 6,000,000 and 9,000,-
000 people probably about 7,500,000. "Nearly
half of this number inhabit Luzon, the
principal island of the group." Of these
he says: "The Tagals of Luzon are a cop-
per-colored people, and, like all people of
the Malay family, are short of stature.
These Tagals are the most advanced and
influential element of the entire population
of the islands. There are a great many
very intelligent and ambitious men among
them men who got their start in the
schools established by the monastic friars,
whose political domination furnishes one of
the many grievances which have given rise
to the present rebellion." The Tagals
number about 2,000,000, and they are rapidly
increasing. Next to the Tagals in point of
intelligence come the Vicols, or Bicols,
who occupy the Camarlnes peninsula, with
the islands of Catanduanes, Burias, Ticao
and half of Masbate. They greatly resem-
ble the Tagals, and, like them, have made
considerable progress in civilization. They
number at least 400,000. The third division
of the people are the Visayas, or Bisayas,
who occupy the islands between Luzon and
Mindanao, and are estimated at 2,500,000.
Besides these are the Moors of the Sulu
archipelago, the Negritos and some other
families of the Malay race. On the whole,
the Philippine natives find and take life
easily. Their requirements are few. The
sum of 5 will provide a native household
with a dwelling of its own and ample fur-
niture. Under a genial climate, on a soil
lavishly grateful for the slightest tending,
by waters teeming with fish, they know
naught of hunger and have much time left
for amusements such as dancing and pub-
lic rejoicings on the smallest occasion,
music, for which they have a natural
talent, so that there is scarcely a com-
mune without a fairly trained brass band
and gambling! Cockfighting is the national
sport and no mean source of revenue to the
authorities. Almost every native owns a
fighting fowl, which is as dear to him as
her lap dog is to a European lady. He car-
ries it about with him and bets his bottom
dollar on its performance in the arena.
Thus the native is an intermittent rather
than a steady worker, and his delight in
feasts and holy days, and his content,
which passes him off as rich in his own
mind with $10 in his purse, make his as a
laborer, docile as he is and willing to
please, a source of frequent annoyance to
his employers.
The Philippine islands were discovered by
Magellan, who lauded at the island of
Cebu (or Zebu), where he anchored in
March, 1521, and lost his life in a skirmish
with the natives. In 1565 the islands were
taken possession of by a fleet from Mexico,
which first stopped at Cebu and subdued it.
In 1570 a settlement was effected at the
mouth of the Manila river, which place be-
came the capital of the Spanish possessions
in the Philippines and has remained so to
the present time. At the time of the ar-
rival of the Spaniards at Manila there were
two fortified villages, one on either side 01
the Pasig river, and these they took on the
9th of May, 1571, the chiefs making their
submission to their conquerors, and their
example was followed by many of the
tribes of Luzon. Previous to this the
island had been practically under the do-
minion of the Chinese, who had shaken off
the authority of that empire, but these
people still continued to control the trade
of the island after the Spanish capture.
A little later a Chinese pirate, Li Ma
Hong, attempted to drive out the Span-
iards, but failed in the attempt with the
loss of his fleet and his own life. In 1606
the Dutch attempted to take the islands,
but their ships were destroyed and the en-
terprise failed. In 1762 Manila was cap-
tured by the British, and would probably
have remained a possession of that country
had not political conditions in Europe
forced England to evacuate the city after
Spain had promised a ransom of $5,000,000,
which has not been paid to this day.
Rebellions have been frequent in which
the people have attempted to rid them-
selves of Spanish rule. Those of 1822, 1841,
1842, 1872, 1896 and 1897 have been the most
important. The revolts have all had a
common cause the tyranny and exactions
of the Spanish officials. Although the
Spaniards made their appearance forty-four
years after the death of Magellan the con-
quest of the archipelago is still far from
complete. By an abuse of language the
Philippines are mentioned as a Spanish
colony, but they form in reality only a
military possession, in which the whites
are mainly officials, who control the na-
tives, but they have founded few perma-
nent settlements in the country. Except at
Manila there are few towns or villages
that are Spanish in fact. To extort money
from the people, under the various forms
of taxation that cunning and rapacity have
devised, is, and for many years has been,
the sole purpose of Spain and the business
and object of the governmental officials
that have been maintained there.
Upon this subject a recent writer has
said: "It is no natural or physical disad-
vantage that accounts for the waste and
neglect of the rich resources of the Philip-
pines. These richly endowed Islands have
been kept in their primitive darkness and
barbarism by the power that should have
lifted them into the light of civilization
and set them in the flowing stream of
modern life. Her treatment of them is but
one count in the long and terrible indict-
ment that history brings against Spain for
the opportunities she has neglected and
the trusts she has betrayed. She has re-
garded her snb.ieot peoples in no other light
than as sources of revenue for her govern-
ment and her officials, and for that crim-
THE PHILIPPINE I1LANDB.
inal error, with all its cruel consequences,
she IB paying the penalty to-day. In the
Philippines the representative of Spanish
rule has been the tax collector. The sys-
tem that ruined the Koman empire was re-
vived there, a gobernadoclllo being ap-
pointed for each district and held person-
ally responsible for the taxes. If the re-
ceipts fell below the estimate he had to
make up the deficiency; if they exceeded it
he pocketed the surplus the result being
that the last peseta, was relentlessly wrung
from the luckless inhabitants. There were
poll taxes, taxes on every form of property,
taxes on all mercantile transactions, taxes
on every kind of amusement. There were
taxes on marriages and taxes on funerals.
In some provinces the native must carry
his tax receipts with him; if found without
them he is liable to arrest and punishment.
For non-payment after confiscation of prop-
erty were whipping and Imprisonment."
For failure to pay taxes men and women
alike are subjected to such brutalities as
the collector can devise, and from his
judgments there Is no appeal.
The Philippine islands are under the su-
preme charge of a governor-general, who
resides in Manila, a town of considerably
more than 300,000 inhabitants, among them
u goodly number of British men of busi-
ness, whose well-appointed club is the cen-
ter of foreign and social intercourse. In
Madrid the interests of the colony are spe-
cially Intrusted to a council of state for
the Philippines, which acts as an advisory
body to the minister of the colonies. There
is also a council of state in Manila, which
has a voice in questions affecting the mate-
rial progress of the Islands, which are di-
vided into provinces, each under its gov-
ernor. The provinces are subdivided Into
districts, and these again into communes or
parishes. The gobernadocillo (little gov-
ernor) stands on the lowest rung of the
official ladder, being the elected head of a
commune, and wearing as the symbol of
office a stiff, mushroom-shaped hat, re-
splendent with solid ornaments of silver
bullion. - In these communes or parishes
the cure (priest), especially If he be a
Spaniard, as is generally the case In the
more Important parishes, exercises supreme
power. He is the father and counselor of
his people, and helps them not only wit b.
spiritual advice but also furthers their
material interests. Many of these Spanish
cnras have done much good work In the
way of making roads and bridges and the
building of churches, acting frequently as
their own engineers and architects, with
far less unsightly results than one might
expect from persons who are supposed to be
more conversant with breviary and rosary
than with rule and compasses.
The Spanish priests, friars of strict
orders, come to the islands for aye and
good, and, with scarcely any exception, do
their duties faithfully and devotedly.
Priests of native extraction do not quite
come up to the high standard of their
Spanish confratres. They cannot all live
up to the severity of monastic rules. These
native curas, moreover, suffer under the
proverbial disadvantage which affects the
prophet in his own country, and, lacking
the strength of mind and tenacity of vow
of the Spanish priests, sometimes seek con-
solation in diversions of not quite a clerical
or monastic character.
The climate of the Philippines Is not
such as will repel either Americans or
Europeans. Upon this subjeet Ool. W.
Wluthrop of the United States army says:
"There are two seasons at Manila, the wet
and the dry, or the seasons of the south-
west and northeast monsoons. Broadly
speaking, the wet or rainy season, ushered
in by the southwest monsoon, is from June
to November; the dry season, when the
northeast monsoon prevails, is from Novem-
ber to June. The divisions are not, how-
ever, exact or invariable. Thus, in January
and February north winds are not infre-
quent, and in March and April winds from
the southeast sometimes prevail. In the
beginning of October the winds vary be-
tween southeast and southwest, settling
down to northeast by the close of the
month. In the wet seasons the country Is
inundated, the roads become Impassable
and bridges disappear. The annual rainfall
at Manila is variously reported as from
seventy-five to ninety-one inches.
"The hottest months are April and May;
the droughts are then long and acci-
dental fires are to be guarded against; it
is then that mosquitoes and white ants are
most troublesome. The coolest mouths are
December to February, when the freshness
is grateful at night. The average tempera-
ture for the year is about 80 degrees, xhe
periods of the changes of the monsoons in
May to June and in September to October
are marked by the heaviest blows and
thunderstorms. Cyclones, typhoons and
hurricanes then visit the coast. A typhoon
on Sept. 27, 1865, drove some twenty vessels
ashore and did great damage to the city of
Manila. A typhoon or hurricane Oct. 30,
1875, killed 250 persons and destroyed 3,800
bouses. The hurricanes of these times
often sweep away crops and destroy plan-
tations."
Almost everywhere in the Islands are to
be seen evidences of gigantic volcanic
forces, although the number of active vol-
canoes is small. The volcanoes, active
and extinct, are grouped in two lines, run-
ning, approximately, east and west. Earth-
quakes are not infrequent and the buildings
are designed to resist them. The more
violent seismic disturbances appear to be
confined to certain centers, among which
the neighborhood of Manila seems to be
prominent. In a general sense the direc-
tion of the chains of mountains is north
and south, with occasional deflections to
east and west. The highest mountain in
the group is Apo, in Mindanao, with over
9,000 feet, while Halcon, in Mindoro,
reaches nearly 8,900 feet, and Majon, in
Luzon, exceeds- 8.200 feet. Of the earth-
quakes Sir John Bowrlng, an English trav-
eler, says: "The destructive ravages
and changes produced by them are nowhere
more remarkable than in the Philippines.
They have produced great changes in the
geography of the islands. They have over-
turned mountains, filled up valleys, deso-
lated extensive plains and opened passages
from the sea into the interior and from the
lakes into the sea." He refers to several
of the most serious earthquakes that have
been known at the islands, and to those of
1796, 1824 and 1828 as especially "calami-
tous." The most destructive earthquake of
recent times was that of June, 1863, which
rendered the city of Manila a mass of
ruins, in which 400 persons were burled,
2,000 were injured and property valued at
$8.000.000 was destroyed.
136
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
The soil of the Philippines Is of phenom-
enal fertility, although its capacities have
been most imperfectly developed. It is dif-
ficult to say what product is a staple, al-
though the Manila hemp is, perhaps, best
known in the commerce of the islands.
This is not a product of the hemp plant, but
is the fiber of a species of the banana (musa
tex tills). Where the soil is only slightly
cultivated the products are: Sugar, hemp,
tobacco, rice, coffee, cacao, gums of vari-
ous kinds, arrowroot. Indigo, cotton, pep-
per, cochineal, betelroot, areea nut, cocoa-
nuts and cocoanut oil. In the forests grow
the ebony, bamboo, logwood, rattans and
numberless other valuable hard woods and
gum-yielding trees and plants. The Hon.
John Barrett, late United States minister to
Siam, who is thoroughly acquainted with
the resources of the Philippines, says that
"a richer isolated land or group of islands,
viewed comparatively as to area and popu-
lation, variety of agriculture, mineral and
forest resources undeveloped, in addition to
those already improved, cannot be pointed
out on the map of the world."
That the Philippines are fabulously rich
in deposits of gold is not to be questioned.
Books are extant that mention gold as the
chief product of Luzon in the third cen-
tury A. D., and there is no doubt that
mining of the precious metal was exten-
sively practiced in the islands long before
the advent of the Spaniards. In a pam-
phlet written the present year by Mr.
Prank Karuth, F. It. G. S., entitled "A
New Center of Gold Production," the au-
thor says: "The question is often asked,
'How is it that so little is known of Phil-
ippine gold?' The answer is simple. There
is no official control of the output or tax on
it. The miners live in Isolated districts
and villages, with rare communication be-
tween them. And the universal man of
business is the omnipresent Chinaman, now
I storekeeper, with a fixed abode, now per-
ambulating peddler, who penetrates the
most distant settlements, buys the gold
with his wares and sends it out of the
country, over to Hongkong or Amoy, or
elsewhere. It is not his business to swag-
ger over the volume of his trade; in fact,
he keeps it dark. Those who know are
aware that the gold export is considerable
and very much exceeds the official compu-
tation, whatever that may be. 'Paracale'
gold is well known in Manila, but few Ma-
nilese know where Paracale Is, and still
less have ever visited the place. Yet it is
a prosperous village, with a good deal of
trade and a large native mining population.
* * * The Paracale gold dust Is melted
Into tiny Ingots, a small bivalve serving as
a mold, so that the gold shows the shape
of the shell. These tiny ingots are tested
by the Chinese purchaser, the traces of
whose probing anger are always In evidence
on the ingots. Gold Is found in many other
islands of the group. Senor Abella found
traces of alluvial workings In Cebu. Min-
doro. which is but little known, is said to
be rich In gold. Panaon, a small island
north of Mindanao, has at least one well-
defined vein of auriferous quartz, while
Mindanao itself Is the center of a consider-
able trade in alluvial gold. From speci-
mens brought from that island the occur-
rence of rich quartz veins cannot be a mat-
ter of mere conjecture."
Copper Is found in many parts of the
Philippines, and cupreous pyrites Is not
Infrequently met with accompanying quartz
veins, but in such small quantities as to
exclude all commercial value. In the
central mountain ranges of Luzon, how-
ever, between Cagayan and Ilocos, consid-
erable deposits of coppjr ore are distrib-
uted and had been worked by a tribe of
natives, called Igorrotes, long before the
advent of the Spaniards. They ob-
tain the ore in excavations which they
make with the aid of wood flres, thus
softening the rocks. They separate the ore
according to quality and roast the poorer
repeatedly before smelting it. Their fur-
nace is a cylindrical hole, walled with
clay, about twelve inches deep and eight
inches in diameter, and they use blowers of
bamboo worked with plungers to produce
the requisite draft.
The coal which up to present times has
been found in the Philippine islands is
not true coal, but lignite, probably of the
tertiary period, and of a variety which can
scarcely be distinguished by the eye from
true coal. There is no reason why true
coal should not eventually be found, for it
Is found and worked in Japan, whose geo-
logical formation has much in common
with that of the Philippines. There has
been no systematic search made in these
islands for coal, and wherever it has been
found it has betrayed Its presence by out-
crops. Thus, in the island of Masbate, a
local steamship owner drew his supplies
from a bed of coal which Is so tilted as
to have the appearance of a vein. He sup-
plied himself as long as his native laborers
could get the coal with crowbars. An ex-
pert, who examined this bed cursorily, esti-
mated the available quantity of coal at
about 600,000 tons in that particular con-
cession. He Is, however, of opinion that
very much larger quantities are available
in adjoining concessions. These mines are
practically untouched, and as they are sit-
uated within a few miles of the coast they
can be worked at a profit by whosoever
should venture to Introduce the necessary
capital.
The only coal deposits which have been
to a certain extent developed in the Philip-
pine archipelago, and of which a scientific
and reliable record exists in the shape of a
report by the chief inspector of mines.
Sonor Enrique Abella y Casariego, are
those in the island of Cebu. This report is
embodied in a work entitled "Rapida JDe-
scripcion Fiscica, Geologica y Minera de la
Isla de Cebu (Archipelago Filipino)."
The coal deposits of Cebu were first ex-
amined In 1855 by the government mining
engineer, Senor Hernandez, who, without
hesitation, described the coal as "lignita"
(lignite). A few years later, however, an-
other government engineer, Senor Centeno.
declared the formation in which coal oc-
curs to belong to the true carboniferous
system, and proclaimed the discovery of a
true coal field of large dimensions, the
eastern rim of which cropped out In the
island of Cobu, while Its western rim
came to the surface In the Island of Negros.
Analysis proved Senor Centeno to be In the
wrong, for the contents or carbon of the
coal of Cebu do not exceed 54 per cent,
against the minimum of 75 per cent, which
true coal contains.
The situation of affairs at the Philippines
at the present time makes It necessary to
take some notice of the rebellion that broke
out against the Spanish rule In* August,
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
137
1896. In 1872 there was an uprising of the
people, the exciting cause of which was the
oppressive taxes, excises, license fees and
other burdens imposed upon the people by
the government. Not only did the natives
complain of these extortions, but objected
to the corvee, or forced exactions of forty
days' labor, which every man was com-
pelled to furnish annually to the govern-
ment. In addition to tnese complaints the
natives were still further exasperated by
the usurious loans to which they were
obliged to submit, in case they had to raise
money, and by the confiscation of their
property in case these loans were not paid
at maturity. This power of confiscation
was lodged in the hands of certain officials,
who used it for the purpose of making still
greater exactions. To resist these aggres-
sions a secret revolutionary society was
formed, the membership of which in Au-
gust, 1896, was more than 60,000. The basis
of this league was freemasonry, which had
been introduced into the islands by the
Spanish many years before. The army of
the rebels was Increased by deserters from
the native troops in the Spanish forces, by
vagabonds, criminals and a large number of
people who bad lost all their property
through confiscation upon various pretexts.
The war that was waged between the Span-
lards and the rebels was exceedingly bitter,
neither side giving any quarter to the other.
It was not war, but savage butchery. In
which prisoners captured or who surren-
dered were smothered in dungeons, burned
alive, disemboweled and put to death in
other barbarous ways without regard to the
usages of civilized warfare. The revolu-
tionary forces were too strong and too well
officered and armed for the Spanish army to
subdue, and In December, 1897, Gen. Primo
de Rivera proposed to Gen Emilio Agui-
naldo y Femi, the supreme head of the revo-
lutionary movement, a cessation of hostili-
ties between the insurgents and the Spanish
forces. A council of the revolutionary gov-
ernment was held Dec. 14, 1897, in which
twenty-four Insurgent chiefs agreed to lay
down their arms on condition that certain
reforms were introduced by Spain In the ad-
ministration of affairs. The Insurgents de-
manded (1) that the Filipinos should have
representation In the Spanish national par-
liament, (2) reforms In the land and tax
systems of the Islands, (3) curtailment of
the civil powers of the friars and (4) the
recall of many of the Spanish officials In
the islands with a view to a more honest,
economical and efficient government. Gen.
Primo de Rivera agreed to these reforms In
substance and made its condition that the
principal rebel leaders must leave the coun-
try during his majesty's pleasure. As these
leaders had lost all of thplr property or had
It confiscated and plundered, the government
agreed to provide them with funds to live
in a becoming manner on foreign soil.
The rebels laid down their arms and peace
was apparently secured. But no sooner had
they done so and returned to their houses
or retired from the country than the in-
translgeant religious orders commenced at
once to again prosecute them and trump up
Imaginary charges to procure their rearrest.
The Spanish government, on its side, Imag-
ining itself secure, desisted from carrying
out the promised reforms, thinking another
trick like that played on the Cubans, after
the peace arrangement by Martinez Cam-
pos, might succeed. The Filipinos, how-
ever, refused to be made dupes and took up
arms again, not alone in the immediate dis-
tricts around Manila, but throughout the
archipelago, and early in March, 1898, the
revolt was as formidable in the province of
Manila as ever, the rebels having captured
several important towns connected by rull
with the capital, while the inhabitants re-
fused to pay their taxes or acknowledge
Spanish authority. Such was the condition
of affairs in the Philippines at the date of
the opening of the war betweeen the United
States and Spain.
COMMERCE WITH THE PHILIPPINES.
The following table shows the commerce
of the islands, the years named being the
latest attainable:
Imports from Exports to
Countries. Philippines. Philippines
Great Britain, 1897 $6,223,426 $2,063,593
France, 1896 1,990,297 359,796
Germany, 1896 223,720 774,928
Belgium, 1896 272,240 45,660
Spain, 1895 4,819,344 4,973,589
Japan, 1897 1,332,300 92,823
China, 1897 66,137 97,717
India, 1896 7,755 80,156
Straits Settlements, 1896 274,130 236,001
New South Wales, 1897.. 119,550 176,858
Victoria, 1896 180 178,370
United States, 1897 4,383,740 94,597
Total 19,702,819 9,174,093
The average value of the trade of the
Philippines Is greater than indicated In the
above table, having suffered in the last few
years on account of political conditions.
This is shown by the fact that in 1893 the
imports of Great Britain from the Islands
were to the value of $10,607,000, and the ex-
ports nearly $1,500,000 more than the ship-
ments in 1897. France Imports three times
as much as she did in .1893, but her export!
have diminished in an' even larger propor-
tion, from over $2,000,000 to $350,000. China
Imports more than twice as much, but ex-
ports considerably less than in 1893. India
imports less, but her exports have risen
from $57.000 to $80,000. The Straits Set-
tlements have lost over $100,000 In Imports
and some $140,000 in exports. The trade
with New South Wales has grown, but that
with Victoria has greatly diminished, and
United States commerce, which was $9,314,-
235 in 1893, has fallen to $4,478.337 In 1897.
The following statements show the prin-
cipal articles of import and export:
COUNTRY.
Great Britain
France
Germany
Japi'n
India
Spain
United States
' Total . . .
Hemp.
K.754
ti.fiOr
O.Offl
4,965
To-
bacco.
$3,(i!M,214 $716.767 $222.404
31.K54
644'
.3.053
2.533.150
Cocoa-
nuts
and
copra.
86.451 1,787.1!I8
6,745,177 3 435.552|2,009.U)2 4,282,110
Sugar.
$1,512,703
1,156,411
413,794
1,199,202
It must not be inferred from the absence
of statistics in regard to some of the above
articles that there are no imports into the
countries mentioned. They am either cov-
ered in the general beading, "All other Im-
ports," or are classified in some other way.
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS TO PHILIPPINES.
COUNTRY.
Cotton
manfg.
Silk
and
woolen.
Apparel.
Machin-
ery and
metals.
Coal.
Provis-
ion*.
Great Britain
$1,268,087
$30,148
$6,273
$337,043
$16,856
$79.455
143.223
84,213
3,912
15.388
111028
88,OC.O
99.241!
175,413
31.651
120
4,418
157
648
40.996
7,429
United States
2.164
Totnl...
1. 524.022
206.839
109.588
528.48.)
57.852
US.5S8
The figures covering Spain's trade with
the Philippines are taken from "Spain's
Foreign Trade," by Frank H. Hitchcock,
department of agriculture, 1898.
Imports from Exports to
Year. Philippines. Philippines
1891 $4,342,009 $2,712,515
1892 4,450,492 3,665,398
1893 4,013,643 4,378,530
1894... 3,473,004 5,516,735
1896 4,819,344 4,973,589
Details of the trade by articles are not
given, except In certain Imports from the
Philippines:
Year. Tobacco. Sugar. Cofee.
1891 $2,605,987 $216,909 $860,481
1892 3,511,303 301,888 440,895
1893 2,632,816 272,953 153,832
1894 2,138,068 389,724 231,541
1895 2,533,150 413,794 107,656
COMMERCE OF UNITED STATES WITH THE PHILIPPINES.
The following figures are taken from the Monthly Summary of Finance and Commerce,
April, 1898, bureau of statistics, treasury department:
IMPORTS FROM PHILIPPINES.
ARTICLES.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
FREE OP DITTY.
Sugar, cane and other
Textile grasses, etc., Manila.
All other free articles
Total free of duty
DUTIABLE.
Sugar
All other dutiable articles. . .
Total dutiable
Total Imports of mdse ...
$2.417,109
3,798,842
23,691
$2.865.96fi
6,217.192
34.012
$3.655,627
3.324,223
12,514
*$67,200
3,572,236
18,516
2,499,494
99,526
(*)
$2,701,651
374,406
9.117.170
6,992.364
2.599,020
3,086.057
9,011
Cfi
42,687
(t)
15.978
1,043.806
29,608
2,270,902
112,935
1,199.202
98,481
69,011
6,308.653
42.687
9.159.857
15,978
7.008.342
1,073.414
4.731.366
2.R83.8S7
4.982.857
1,297.683
4.383,740
EXPORTS TO PHILIPPINES.
DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE.
Cotton, manufactures of
Oils, mineral, refined
Varnish
All other articles
Total domestic mdse
Total foreign mdse
Total exports of mdse.. . .
43,001
1.530
9.900
60,914
00,914
$8.444
105,936
2,442
37,556
154,378
154.378
$45.761
35,495
191
64.019
145,466
145.466
83.355
67,837
2,605
45.458
119,255
119,255
$9.714
89.958
1.500
61,169
102,341
105
$2.164
45.908
2,239
44.286
94,597
162,446 I 94,597
*See dutiable. tSee free of duty.
EUROPEAN COLONIAL POSSESSIONS.
A comparative table of the extent and number of Inhabitants of the European colonial pos-
sessions shows:
COUNTRY.
EXTENT.
Motherland. Colonies.
POPULATION.
Motherland. Colonies.
Great Britain
France
German Empire.
Portugal
Holland
Spain
Italy
Denmark
So. milfs.
120,979
204.092
208.&30
36.038
12,648
197.t>70
110.646
15,289
So. miles.
16.602.073
2.505.000
1.615.577
809.914
783.000
405.458
242,420
86,614
39.825.000
38.520.000
53.325.000
5.0.-.0.000
4.930.000
17.300,000
31.290.000
2,175,000
322.000.000
44.2110.000
7.450.000
10,215.000
34.210.000
9,800.000
195.000
130,000
THE MARIANA OR LADRONE ISLANDS.
139
THE MARIANA OR LADRONE ISLANDS.
The Mariana archipelago Is a chain of islands in the
Pacific stretching north and south a winding distance of
about 600 miles and embraces some seventeen islands, hav-
ing an area of about BOO square miles. They were the first
group discovered by Magellan in 1521, while making his
voyage around the globe, about ten days after he had
reached the Island or Cebu, one of the Philippines. Some
years later, when the Spaniards had assumed sovereignly
over the Philippines, they established a regular service for
their vessels across the Pacific to the island of Guam, one
of the Mariana group, which became a regular station for
vessels sailing between Manila and the Mexican coast.
The native inhabitants of the Marianas soon disappeared
under the dominion of Spain and the group was repeop'ed
by immigrants from the Philippines, who brought with
them a new language, plants and customs.
The name of "Ladrones" was given to the Islands by
Magellan because, it is said, of the character of their in-
habitants, the word meaning "robbers," but history de-
clares such a designation to have been entirely unjust to
the aborigines of the group. La*r they were renamed
Mariana in honor of Mariana of Austria, the wife of Philip
IV., king of Spain. A distance of about 1,200 miles sep-
arates the most southwesterly island of the Mariana group
from the nearest of the Philippines and the entire inter-
vening distance is wholly free from reefs or other obstruc-
tions to navigation, except a few rocks on the northern
extremity toward Japan and the Pelew islands on the
south. Geologically the group has no connection with the
Philippines, but belongs to the same formation as the
Aleutian islands that project west from the coast of
Alaska.
The principal island of the group is Guam or Guahn,
which comprises nearly one-half of the entire area of
the archipelago. From a commercial point of view the
Mariana group of islands is of little value, as the trade is
wholly insignificant. The products are such only as are
required by the Inhabitants of the tropics, and even these
are not sufficiently abundant to induce trade and com-
merce. The natives grow sugar cane, rice, corn and
melons. Cocoanuts, pineapples, bananas, limes, lemons,
oranges and the breadfruit grow wild in greatest profu-
sion. It rains nearly all the time half a dozen squalls of
from ten to thirty minutes every day but no one minds
that. It keeps the temperature down and makes every-
thing grow. It is a fine coffee country, but there is almost
no attention paid to the industry. The principal product
is copra. When the Islands were discovered they were
found to have a considerable population, which resembled
the Malays of the Philippines in language but in no other
particular. In physical appearance they resembled the
Indonesian and Papuan race and were divided Into two
classes, one composing the nobility and the other the com-
mon people, between which marriage, by their own laws
and customs, was not permitted. As soon as the Span-
lards acquired possession of the islands all the inhabitants
were reduced to a common state of servitude. This was
not brought about without a long and serious struggle, for
the natives held out valiantly against their oppressors and
resistance did not cease until 60,000, or more than one-half,
of the native population had fallen in the conflict or had
escaped to the Caroline islands, while more than one-third
of the 180 villages had been destroyed. In 1760 the popu-
lation of the group had been reduced to 1,600 inhabitants,
and to supply the deficiency occasioned by the long strug-
gle Tagul colonists were brought from the Philippines, but
these compulsory immigrants perished from epidemics and
the severity of the demands made upon them by the new
masters of the islands. In 1875 the native population
had become reduced to about 600 souls.
The entire population of the group is concentrated on
the island of Guam, except a few colonies of fishermen.
The island of Tinian has only a single village and a com-
munity of lepers, while Reta and Sayan have only a few
hundred Inhabitants each. Not only have the people fallen
off in numbers but in capacity as well. While they have
learned all the vices of the few Spaniards and Malays
who have supplanted the larger portion of the aborig-
ines, they have forgotten the virtues and the industries
that their forefathers practiced. Agriculture has been
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140
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
practically abandoned, modern pottery has
taken the place of that made by the na-
tives, imported cloths have destroyed the
manufacture of the coarser domestic fab-
rics, houses that the natives used to build
and inhabit have disappeared and the
rudest huts have taken their places, and
many of the arts practiced by the people
have been wholly lost under the blighting
rule of the Spaniards.
The government of the archipelago has, of
necessity, been military in its character,
the garrison at the capital, Agana, on the
island of Guam, being composed of some
sixty Spanish and 300 native recruits drawn
from the population by conscription, under
a captain-general appointed by the Spanish
cabinet. The garrison has been usually
supported by a small and Inefficient gun-
boat, which has been necessary to restrain
the people as well as the native troops.
The importance of the Mariana archipel-
ago to the United States depends entirely
upon the part it is to play in the peace con-
ference at Paris. When Capt. Glass, in
command of the Charleston, left Honolulu
he was. given sealed orders which were not
to be opened until he was out of sight of
land. He was destined to Manila to re-en-
force Admiral Dewey and convoy a fleet
carrying troops to Gen. Merritt. These or-
ders directed him to stop at Guam, capture
the governor and all the Spanish officials
and soldiers and destroy the fortifications
at Agana, the capital, or in the bay of San
Luis d'Apra, upon which the town is situ-
ated. Early on the morning of June 20 land
was sighted, the Charleston cleared for ac-
tion and sailed into the bay. Entering the
harbor, Capt. Glass directed his course to
Fort Santa Cruz, upon which he opened fire
at a range of 3.000 yards with his three-
pounders. Thirteen shells were fired with-
out eliciting any response. At length Lieut.
Garcia Gutierrez of the Spanish navy and
Dr. Romero of the army rowed out to the
vessel to see if the men on the Charleston
were in good health and to give the promise
to Capt. Glass that they would return his
salute just as soon as they could borrow
some powder for the two old guns that were
in the fort. The following account of the
surrender is by Oscar King Davis and was
published in Harper's Weekly, the official
report of Capt. Glass not having been made
public:
Gutierrez and Romero were thunderstruck
at being informed of the real situation, and
when told that Manila was in Dewey's
hands, practically, the Spanish fleet de-
stroyed, and that they were prisoners of
war, they were most unhappy. Francis
Portusac, a native of Guam and an Agana
merchant, who was naturalized in Chicago
in 1888, was with the officials to act as in-
terpreter, but Capt. Glass used him more
as a bureau of information about the island.
Finally the captain paroled the Spaniards
for the day and sent them away in their
boats with a verbal message to the govern-
or, Lieut. -Col. Don Jose Marina y Vega, to
hurry up and pay his official call. That
evening Gov. Marina sent Capt. Glass a
message to the effect that the military
regulations of Spain forbade him to set
foot on a foreign vessel, but he would be
pleased to see the captain at his office in
the morning. Capt. Glass replied that he
would see the governor himself, or send an
officer to represent him.
The next morning Lieut. William Braun-
ersreuther, the navigator of the Charleston,
with Ensign Waldo Evans and five men,
went ashore. Lieut. Braunersreuther car-
ried a formal note to the governor from
Capt. Glass, which gave him thirty minutes
in which to surrender unconditionally. The
guns of the Charleston were ready to en-
force the demauds. Lieut. Braunersreuther
met the governor at the lauding place at
the native village of Piti. With the gov-
ernor were Capt. Duarte of the Spanish
army, his secretary, the port captain, Lieut.
Gutierrez and Dr. Romero. In presenting
the note from Capt. Glass Lieut. Brauners-
reuther said, in Spanish:
"I have the honor to present a communi-
cation from my commandant. I am author-
ized to wait one-half hour for your reply.
In presenting this communication I call
your attention to the fact that we have, as
you see, three large ships in the harbor,
and a fourth [the Sydney had remained
outside] outside ready to come in. One of
these ships is a modern war vessel of high
power, with large guns. The others are
transports full of soldiers. We have a
large force here. I call your attention to
these facts in order that you may not make
any hasty or ill-considered reply to the
note of my commandant."
Gov. Marina bowed and thanked Lieut.
Braunersreuther, took the note and retired
with his staff into his office. From its win-
dow, if he chanced to look out, he could see
the steam launch of the Charleston towing
a string of boats full of men up toward the
landing place. In the boats were Llent.
Myers, D. S. M. C., of the Charleston, with
forty marines from the ship, and part of
company A, 2d Oregon, Capt. H. L. Heath,
from the Australia. This was the first de
tachment of the landing force Gen. Ander-
son and Capt. Glass had agreed on the
night before. The rest of company A ana
company D, Capt. A. T. Prescott, were
waiting on the Australia for the launch to
return and tow them to land. To their
intense disgust, not a man of them set foot I
on land. The first detachment tied up to
the Japanese brigantine while the launch |
w r ent back for the rest, and before it came
back the work had all been done.
For twenty-nine minutes Lieut. Brauners-
reuther waited, watch in hand, for the
reply. Then Gov. Marina came out of his
office with a sealed letter addressed to
Capt. Glass. "It is for your commandant,"
he said, as Lieut. Braunersreuther broke it
open. "I represent my commandant here,"
was the reply. Gov. Marina had written:
"Sir: In the absence of any notification
from my government concerning the rela-
tions of war between the United States and
Spain, and without any means of defense,
or the possibility of defense in the face of
such a large opposing force, I feel com-
pelled, in the interests of humanity and to
save life, to make a complete surrender of
all under my jurisdiction. Trusting to your
mercy and justice, I have the honor to be,"
etc., etc.
So Guam was surrendered, with all the
Mariana islands. The unhappy governor had
no notice that the force which had threat-
ened him was intended really for Manila,
and thought that it had been sent out solely
against the Mariana group. He had but
fifty-four Spanish regulars and a company
of Chamorros, and was, as he said, quite
without means of making a defense. Lieut.
POPULAR VOTE.
141
Braunersreuther required him to write an
order to Lieut. Ramos, in command of the
troops at Agana, to have them on the pier
at Piti, with all arms, aecouterments and
ammunition and the four Spanish flags in
the island, at 4 o'clock that afternoon. That
done, the governor wrote a long farewell to
his wife, telling her to send his clothing
and personal effects to Piti at once.
Soon after the arrival of the prisoners on
the Charleston Capt, Glass took a large
United States flag and went in his barge to
Fort Santa Cruz, where he hoisted the stars
and stripes on the old Spanish staff. As the
first broad red stripe rose over the ruined
battlements the six-inch rifles of the
Charleston roared out the national salute.
Formal possession had been taken of Guam.
At the same time the bands on the Aus-
tralia and Peking played the "Star-Spangled
Banner," and the soldiers and sailors on
the troopships and cruiser gave three times
three for Uncle Sam's new island.
The captures consisted of 108 Mauser and
Remington rifles and 15,000 rounds of am-
munition.
POPULAR VOTE
For presidential candidates from 1824 to and including 1896. Prior to 1824 electors were chosen
by the legislatures of the different states.
1824 J. Q. Adams had 105,321 to 155,872 for
Jackson, 44,282 for Crawford and 46,587 for
Clay. Jackson over Adams, 50,551. Adams
less than combined vote of others, 140,869.
Of the whole vote Adams had 29.92 per
cent, Jackson 44.27, Clay 13.23, Crawford
13.23. Adams elected by house of repre-
sentatives.
1828 Jackson had 647,231 to 509,097 for J. Q.
Adams. Jackson's majority, 138,134. Of
the whole vote Jackson had 55.97 per cent,
Adams 44.03.
1832 Jackson had 687,502 to 530,189 for Clay
and 33,108 for Floyd and Wirt combined.
Jackson's majority, 124,205. Of the whole
vote Jackson had 54.96 per cent, Clay 42.39
and the others combined 2.65.
1836 Van Buren had 761,549 to 736,656, the
combined vote for Harrison, White, Web-
ster and Mangum. Van Buren's majority.
24,893. Of the whole vote Van Buren had
60.83 per cent and the others combined
49.17.
1840 Harrison had 1,275,017 to 1,128,702 for
Van Buren and 7,069 for Birney. Harri-
son's majority, 139,256. Of the whole vote
Harrison had 52.89 per cent, Van Bureu
46.82 and Birney .29.
1844 Polk had 1,337.243 to 1,299,068 for Clay
and 62,300 for Birney. Polk over Clay,
38,175. Polk less than others combined,
24.125. Of the whole vote Polk had 49.55
per cent, Clay 48.14 and Birney 2.21.
1848 Taylor had 1,360.101 to 1,220,544 for Cass
and 291,263 for Van Buren. Taylor over
Cass, 139,577. Taylor less than others com-
bined, 151,706. Of the whole vote Taylor
had 47.36 per cent, Cass 42.50 and Van
Buren 10.14.
1852 Pierce had 1.601.474 to 1,386,678 for Scott
and 156.149 for Hale. Pierce over all, 58,-
747. Of the whole vote Pierce had 50.90 per
cent, Scott 44.10 and Hale 4.97.
1856 Buchanan had 1,838,169 to 1,341,264 for
Fremont and 874.534 for Fillmore. Buchan-
an over Fremont, 496,905. Buchanan less
- than combined vote of others, 377.629. Of
the whole vote Buchanan had 45.34 per
cent, Fremont 33.09 and Fillmore 21.57.
1860 Lincoln had 1,866,352 to 1,375,157 for
Douglas, 845,763 for Breckinridge and 589,-
581 for Bell. Lincoln over Breckinridge,
491.195. Lincoln less than Douglas and
Breckinridge combined, 354.568. Lincoln
less than combined vote of all others, 944.-
149. Of the whole vote Lincoln had 39.91
per cent, Douglas 29.40, Breckinridge 18.08
and Bell 12.61.
1864 Lincoln had 2,216.067 to 1,8
725 for Mc-
Clellan (eleven states not voting, viz.:
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Vir-
ginia). Lincoln's majority, 408,342. Of the
whole vote Lincoln had 55.06 per cent and
McClellan 44.94.
1868 Grant had 3,015,071 to 2,709,613 for Sey
mour (three states not voting, viz.: Missis-
sippi, Texas and Virginia). Grant's ma-
jority, 305,458. Of the whole vote Grant
had 52.67 per cent and Seymour 47.33.
1872 Grant had 3.597,070 to 2,834.079 for Gree-
ley, 29,408 for O'Conor and 5,608 for Black.
Grant's majority, 729,975. Of the whole
vote Grant had 65.63 per cent, Greelev
43.83, O'Conor .15, Black .09.
1S76 Hayes had 4.033,950 to 4,284,885 for Til-
den, 81,740 for Cooper, 9,522 for Smith and
2.636 scattering. Tilden's majority ovei
Hayes, 250,935. Tilden's majoritv of the
entire vote cast, 157,037. Hayes less than
the combined vote of others, 344,833. Of
the whole vote cast Hayes had 47.95 per
cent, Tilden 50.94, Cooper .97, Smith .11
scattering .3.
1880 Garfield had 4.449,053 to 4,442,035 for
Hancock, 307,306 for Weaver and 12,576
scattering. Garfield over Hancock. 7,018.
Garfield less than the combined vote for
others, 313,864. Of the popular vote Gar-
field had 48.26 per cent, Hancock 48.25,
Weaver 3.33, scattering .13.
1884 Cleveland had 4,874,986 to 4,851,981 for
Elaine. 150,369 for St. John, 173.370 for But-
ler. Cleveland had over Blaine 23,006.
Cleveland had 48.48 per cent, Blaine 48.22.
St. John 1.49, Butler 1.74.
1888 Harrison had 5,441,902 to 5,538,560 for
Cleveland, 249.937 for Fisk, 147,521 for
Streeter, 3,073 for Cowdney, 1,591 for Curtis
and 9,845 scattering. Harrison had 96,658
less than Cleveland. Of the whole vote
Harrison had 47.83 per cent, Cleveland
48.63. Fisk 2.21 and Streeter 1.30.
1892 Cleveland had 5,556,562 to 5,162,874 for
Harrison, 264,066 for Bidwell, 1,055,424 for
Weaver and 22.613 for Wing. Of the whole
vote Cleveland had 45.73 per cent, Harri-
son 42.49, Bidwell 2.17 and Weaver 8.67.
1896 McKinley had 7.507.822: Bryan, 6,511,-
073; Levering, 130,683; Bentley, 13,950;
Matchett, 33,545' Palmer, 133,800. Of the
whole vote McKinley had 50.49 per cent
and Bryan had 46.26.
Of the presidents, Adams, federationist;
Polk, Buchanan and Cleveland, democrats;
Taylor, whig; Lincoln, Hayes, Garfield and
Harrison, republicans, did not, when elected,
receive a majority of the popular vote. The
highest percentage of popular vote received
by any president was 55.97 for Jackson, dem-
ocrat, in 1828. and the lowest 39.91 for Lin-
coln, republican, in 1860; Buchanan, demo-
crat, next lowest, with 45.34. Hayes and
Harrison, with the exception of John Quincy
Adams, who was chosen by the house of
representatives, were the only presidents
ever elected who did not have a majority
over their principal competitors, and Tilden
and Cleveland the only defeated candidates
who had a majority over the president-elect.
142
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
The republic of Hawaii, tho union or
which to the United States was completed
on the 12th of August, 1898, consists of
eight islands in the Pacific ocean, between
longitude 154.40 and 160.30 west from Green-
wich and latitude 22.16 and 18.55 north.
They were discovered by Capt. Cook in 1778,
and on Hawaii he was killed by the natives
Feb. 14, 1779. They are located on tlie
edge of the tropics, but their position in
mid-ocean and the prevalence of the north-
east trade winds gives them a climate of
perpetual summer without enervating heat.
The group occupies a central position In
the North Pacific, 2,089 nautical miles
southwest of San Francisco, 4,640 from
Panama, 3,800 from Auckland (New Zea-
land), 4,950 from Hongkong, 3,440 from
Yokohama and 4,350 from Manila. It will
thus be seen that Hawaii lies about one-
third of the distance on the accustomed
routes from San Francisco to Japan and
Chinese ports, from San Francisco to Aus-
tralia, from the Pacific poets of British
Columbia to Australia and British India
and about half way from the Isthmus or
Panama to Yokohama and Hongkong. A gov-
ernment publication has -the following to
say as to the importance of Hawaii as a
naval station: "From a naval standpoint
Hawaii is the great strategic base of the
Pacific. Under the present conditions of
naval warfare, created by the use of steam
as a motive power, Hawaii would secure to
the maritime nation possessing it an im-
mense advantage as a depot for the supply
of coal. Modern battleships, depending
absolutely upon coal, would be enabled to
avail themselves of their full capacity of
speed and energy only by having some half-
way station in the Pacific where they could
replenish their stores of fuel and refit. A
battleship or cruiser starting from an
Asiatic or Australian port, with the view
of operating along the coast of either
North America or South America, would be
unable to act effectively for any length of
time at the end of so long a voyage unless
she were able to refill her bunkers at some
point on the way. On the other hand, tte
United States, possessing Hawaii, will be
able to advance its line of defense 2,000
miles from the Pacific coast, and, with a
fortified harbor and a strong fleet at Hono-
lulu, will be in a position to conduct either
defensive or offensive operations in the
North Pacific to greater advantage than any
other power."
There are eight principal islands in the
group, the others being mere rocks of no
present value. They are named, beginning
from the northwest:
Area In
sq. miles.
Niihau 97
Kaual 590
On ku 600
Molokai 270
Maul 760
I anal 150
Kahoolawe 63
Hawaii 4,210
Total 6,740
By comparison it will be seen that the
area of the islands is only a little less than
that of the state of New Jersey, while it is
more than three times that of the state of
Delaware.
The islands that present the most attrac-
tions are Hawaii, Maul, Oahu and Kauai,
as it is on these that coffee, fruits, pota-
toes, corn and vegetables of various kinds
are produced in the most luxuriant profu-
sion and where land can bo obtained on
reasonable terms. Hawaii is the largest 01
the group and presents the gn-atest variety
of soil and climate. The island is divided
into eight districts. Those on the windward
side North Kohala, Hamakua, Hilo and
Puna are well watered by plentiful rains,
while on the lee side South Kohala, North
Kona, South Kona and Kau are rarely with-
out necessary water supply. The Kona dis-
trict is noted for both its coffee and sugar.
The coffee industry is carried on by sev-
eral hundred proprietors, whose plantations
embrace an acreage ample for 200,000 trees
down to those who work an acre or more.
A government report says of this island
that there are "thousands of acres at
present uncultivated and only awaiting the
enterprise of the temperate zone to develop
them."
Maul is one of the most productive islands
in the group and produces sugar and coffee,
the cultivation of which is largely confined
to the eastern portion, which has been only
recently devoted to those products. On tb<>
Island is a large mountain, Haleakala, the
western slope of which is covered with
farms where the smaller grains are raised,
with some swine. On this island thou-
sands of acres are lying fallow.
No one of the group offers better advan-
tages than Oahu. Very many acres of land
in the fertile valleys are yet wholly unde-
veloped, the inhabitants being devoted to
the cultivation of sugar on the larger is-
lands. On this is situated the capital of
the country. A line of railroad has been
built extending west from Honolulu a dis-
tance of about thirty miles, and It is pro-
posed to continue it entirely around the
Island. The road runs through a very rich
coffee-producing region and affords good fa-
cilities for transporting the product to the
capital, which is the chief port of entry in
the group.
Kauai is popularly known as "the garden
island" from the luxuriance of its vegeta-
tion. The chief products are sugar and
rice. Little coffee is being grown, its in-
troduction being but recently made. There
are larger areas of rich unoccupied lands
on the island of Kaual.
On Oahu is Honolulu, the capital of the
whilom republic. It is a city of 30,000
inhabitants and is one of the most advanced
capitals on the g-lobe. It is lighted with
electric lights and has an extensive tele-
phone system and street cars. Any variety
of goods that can be bought in any southern
city in the world can be purchased at its
stores, while the public buildings are ornate
and commodious. It is abundantly supplied
with churches and the best of schools, a
large public library, a Young Men's Chris-
tian association hall, a Masonic temple, an
Odd-Fellows' hall and all other appliances
of an advanced civilization, not to mention
four daily and two weekly English papers,
besides others printed in the Hawaiian,
Portuguese, Japanese and Chinese lan-
guages. Among the native Hawaiians the
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
143
144
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
percentage of illiteracy is very small, it
having been officially declared not to be
greater than it is in the state of Massachu-
setts.
The Hawaiian islands are of volcanic
formation, and there are two active vol-
canoes on Hawaii Kilauea and Mauna Loa.
The altitude of Mauna Kea, the highest
point on Hawaii, is 13,805 feet. The moun-
tains on other islands range from 4,000 to
6,000 feet. The topography is broken and
diversified, with many valleys and streams.
The mountain sides abound in forests, con-
taining an abundance of ship timber and
many ornamental woods. Among the min-
erals that have been noticed are sulphur,
pyrites, common salt, sal ammoniac, limo-
nite, quartz, augite, chrysolite, garnet,
labradorite, feldspar, gypsum, soda, alum,
copperas, glauber salts, niter and calcite.
"In the Hawaiian islands," say a pam-
phlet of the Hawaiian government, "Amer-
icans and Europeans can and do work in the
open air at all seasons of the year, as
they cannot in countries lying in the same
latitude elsewhere. To note an instance:
Calcutta lies a little to the north of the
latitude of Eauai, our most northerly island
and in Calcutta the American and European
can only work with his brain; hard physical
labor he cannot do and live. On the Ha-
waiian islands he can work and thrive."
The rainfall varies, being greater on the
windward side of the islands, aud increas-
ing up to a certain elevation. Thus, at
Olaa, on the island of Hawaii, windward
ide and elevation of about 2,000 feet, the
rainfall from July 1, 1894, to June 30, 1895,
was 176.82 inches, while at Kailua, on the
leeward side, at a low level, it was only
61.21 inches during the same period.
The temperature also varies according to
elevation and position. On the island of
Hawaii one can get any climate from the
heat of summer to actual winter at the
summits of the two great mountains. A
meteorological record, kept carefully for a
period of twelve years, gives 89 degrees aa
the highest and 54 degrees as the lowest
temperature recorded, or a mean tempera-
ture of 71.5 degrees for the year. A case of
sunstroke has never been known. People
take no special precautions against the sun,
wearing straw and soft felt hats similar to
those worn in the United States during the
summer months.
The prevailing winds are the northeast
trades. These blow for about nine months
of the year. The remainder of the period
the winds are variable and chiefly from tht>
south. The islands are outside the cyclono
belt, and severe storms accompanied by
thunder and lightning are of rare occur
re nee.
The islands possess a healthful climate.
There are no virulent fevers such as are en-
countered on the coast of Africa or in the
West India islands. Epidemics seldom visit
the islands, and when they do they are gen-
erally light. A careful system of quaran-
tine guards them now from epidemics from
abroad.
The pamphlet entitled "The Republic of
Hawaii." issued by the department of for-
eign affairs of the islands in 1896. gives a
fall account of the agricultural resources of
the country, with Interesting detniis as to
the coffee industry, from which the follow-
ing matter is extracted: The mainstay of
the islands, it says, has for the last thirty-
five years been the sugar industry. From
this source a large amount of wealth has
been accumulated. But the sugar industry
requires large capital for expensive ma-
chinery and nas never proved remunerative
to small investors. An attempt has been
made at profit-sharing, and has met with
some success, the small farmer cultivating
and the capitalist grinding at a central
mill. Of late years, moreover, the small
farmer has been steadily developing in the
Hawaiian islands, and attentiou has been
given to other products than sugar.
Rice neither Europeans nor Americans
can cultivate as laborers. It requires
working in marshy land, aud, though on the
islands it yields two crops a year, none but
the Chinaman can raise it successfully. A
dry-land or mountain rice has been intro-
duced.
The main staple, after sugar and rice, is
coffee. Of this, hundreds of thousands of
trees have been planted out within the last
five years. This is essentially the crop ot
the future, and bids fair to become as im-
portant a staple as sugar. Coffee does not
require the amount of capital that sugar
does and it can be worked remuneratively
upon a small area. It is estimated that at
the end of the fourth year the return from a
seventy-five-acre coffee plantation will much
more than pay the running expenses, whlie
from that time on a return of from |8,000
to $10,000 per annum may be realized.
Fruits can also be cultivated to advan-
tage. At present the banana trade of the
islands amounts to over 100,000 bunches pel
annum, valued at over $100,000, and the
quantity might very easily be quadrupled
The banana industry may be regarded as in
its infancy. The export of the fruit is only
from the island of Oahu, but there are
thousands of acres on the other islands of
the group which could be profitably used for
this cultivation and for nothing else. The
whole question of the banana industry
hinges on the market. At present the mar-
ket is limited.
Limes and oranges can be cultivated and
the fruit can be easily packed for export;
at present the production does not meet the
local market. The fruits can be raised to
perfection. The Hawaiian orange has a fine
flavor and the Hawaiian lime is of euperiot
quality. In the uplands of Hawaii and
Maul potatoes are raised. Their quality Is
good. Corn is also raised. In these indus-
tries many Portuguese, Norwegians and
others have embarked. Both these products
find an ample local market. The corn is
used largely for feed on the plantations, and
ground with the cob makes an excellent
feed for working cattle, horses ana mules.
In the uplands where the climate is tem-
perate, as at Wairnea, Hawaii, vegetables
of all kinds can be raised; excellent cauli-
flowers, cabbages and every product of the
temperate zone can be grown to perfection.
Cattle raising in so small a place us the
Hawaiian islands does not present great
opportunities except for local consumption.
Pigs are profitable to the small farmer.
In the Kula district of Maul pigs are fat-
tened upon the corn and potatoes raised in
the district. The price of pork, dressed. Is
25 cents a pound in Honolulu and about 15
cents a round in the outside dlstiicts.
The Chinese, of whom there are some
20,000 resident on the various islands, are
extremely fond of pork, so that there is a
large local market, which has to be supple-
mented by importations from California.
Attention has lately been given to fiber
plants, for which there are many suitable
HAWAIIAN ANNEXATION.
145
locations. Ramie grows luxuriantly, but
the lack of proper decorticating and clean-
Ing machinery nas prevented any advance
In this cultivation.
Sisal hemp and sanseveira have been ex-
perimented with, but without any distinct
influence upon the trade output.
The cultivation of pineapples is a growing
industry. In 1895 "pines were exported
from the islands to San Francisco to the
value of nearly $9.000. This has grown up
in the last half-dozen years. There is every
reason to think that canning pineapples for
the coast and other markets can be made
profitable.
The guava, which grows wild, can also
be put to profit for the manufacture of
guava jelly. It has never been entered upon
on a large scale, but to the thrifty farmer it
would be a convenient addition to his in-
come, just as the juice of the maple adds to
the Income of farmers of the eastern states.
Well-made guava jolly will find a market
anywhere. In England it is regarded as a
great delicacy, being imported from the
West India islands. Besides the gnava
there are other fruits which can be put up
to commercial profit, notably the poha, or
cape gooseberry (physalls edulis). This has
been successfully made into jams and jelly,
which command an extensive local sale and
should find their way into larger markets.
In fact, outside the great Industries of
sugar, coffee and rice there is a good field
for many minor industries which can Jt>e
carried on with profit.
In the Hawaiian islands a simple life can
be lived^ and entering gradually upon the
coffee industry a good competence can be
obtained long before such could be realized
by the agriculturist in less favored coun-
tries. However, it is useless to go to the
islands without the necessary capital to
develop the land that can be obtained. Be-
tween arriving and the time that the crops
begin to give returns there is a period where
the living must be close and cash must be
paid out for the necessary improvements.
HAWAIIAN ANNEXATION.
The record of the proceedings having for'
their object the annexation of Hawaii to
the United States was brought down in
The Daily News Almanac for 1898 to Sep-
tember, 1897, when the Hawaiian senate
met in special session for considering the
annexation treaty then pending in the sen-
ate of the United States, which will be
found on page 265 of that volume. The
Hawaiian senate signified its assent to the
annexation of the islands to the United
States, although there was a strong feeling
of opposition to such action among the
native royalists, who opposed a surrender of
their government and territory. It will be
remembered that the annexation treaty was
transmitted to the United States senate In
June, 1897, just before the close of the
special session, and it was publicly ex-
pected that it would be acted upon early in
the session of the regular congress which
met in December of that year. The treaty
was considered in secret session, and it be-
came evident that although the annexation
of Hawaii was supposed to be a republican
measure the ratification of the treaty was
opposed by some of the ablest members of
that party in the senate, while it had the
unqualified support of several members of
the opposition. It was publicly stated that
Mr. alorrlll (Rep.) of Vermont and Mr.
Hoar (Rep.) of Massachusetts opposed the
ratification of the treaty, while Mr. Morgan
(Dem.) of Alabama, recognized leader of
his party, warmly advocated its adoption.
Other republicans were disposed to object to
the union, while some of the othor demo-
crats and all the populists favored the pro-
posal.
On the 24th of January, 1898. Mr. Joseph
O. Carter arrived in Washington from Ha-
waii to oppose the adoption of the treaty,
which he declared would be injurious to
both countries, while he affirmed that Ha-
waii was amply able to take care of herself.
On the 26th of January President Dole of
the Hawaiian republic viwited Washington
and was received as the chief executive of a
neighboring state. He remained at the
capital some two weeks, and during the
time he refrained from expressing himself
publicly upon the subject of annexation.
The treaty was reported from the committee
on foreign relations to the senate near the
middle of January, and the opposition to its
ratification at once developed itself. On
the 3d of February Senator White (Dem.) of
California offered a resolution setting forth
that the people of Hawaii had the right to
maintain their own form of government and
the United States ought not to interfere
with such right. On the 7th Senator Mor-
gan (Dem.) of Alabama offered an amend-
ment to this resolution, which was as
follows :
"That the republic of Hawaii, established
in and based upon its present constitution,
is a rightful government, and has been and
still is recognized as such by the United
States of America and by other great pow-
ers, without any question by any nation of
its rightful and sovereign independence; and
said constitution is the true and recognized
authority that fixes the measure and the
distribution of the rights and powers of
government in that republic while said con-
stitution remains in force.
"That in conformity with the existing
constitution of the republic of Hawaii, and
so long as the same is in force, the powers
of government reside in and are to oe ex-
ercised by the Incumbents* of the depart-
ments, tribunals and offices created by
said constitution and filled in pursuance of
law, and the lawful electors under said
constitution who qualify as such by taking
the oath of allegiance prescribed therein
are entitled to share in the government of
Hawaii according to the rights secured to
them in said constitution, and to the extent
and in the manner therein provided, so long
as the same is in force.
"And said government of the republic of
Hawaii having in due form signified its
consent in the manner provided in its con-
stitution that the Hawaiian Islands, with
all the territory appurtenant thereto, over
which said government now claims to exer-
cise sovereign jurisdiction, shall be annexed
to and become a part of the territory of the
United States of America, and shall be sub-
ject to the national power and sovereign
Jurisdiction thereof, it is hereby enacted
and declared that said cession is accepted,
ratified and confirmed, and that said Ha-
waiian islands are annexed as a part of the
146
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
territory of the United States of America,
and are subject to the sovereign dominion
thereof."
Mr. Davis (Rep.) of Minnesota, chairman
of the committee on foreign relations,
moved that the resolution of Mr. White and
the amendment proposed by Mr. Morgan be
referred to the foreign relations committee,
and after a brief colloquy between Mr.
White and Mr. Morgan they were so re-
ferred.
The subject was debated In both the
senate and house of representatives and on
the 5th of March, 1898, the foreign relations
committee of the senate became satisfied
that the proposed treaty could not be rati-
fied, for the number of votes In the senate
was from four to six less than the requisite
number. Two courses were open to the
friends of annexation to pursue first, to
amend the treaty so as to make It accepta-
ble to those who objected to it In Its present
form, and, second, to drop the treaty en-
tirely and substitute for it a joint resolution
which would require only a majority vote
of the two houses of congress and could be
openly discussed in both bodies. It was de-
cided to adopt the second method, and on
the 16th of March, 1898, Senator Davis (Kep.)
of Minnesota reported to the senate from
the foreign relations committee a joint
resolution drawn by Senator Morgan of Ala-
bama, which was as follows:
"Section 1. The government of the repub-
lic of Hawaii having in due form sig-
nified Its consent In the manner pro-
vided by its constitution to cede absolutely
and without reserve to the United States
of America all rights of sovereignty of
whatsoever kind In and to the Ha-
waiian islands and their dependencies, and
also to cede and transfer to the United
States the absolute fee and ownership of
all public, government or crown lands, pub-
lic buildings or edifices, forts, harbors, mili-
tary equipment and all other public prop-
erty of whatever kind or description belong-
ing to the government of the Hawaiian
islands, together with every right and ap-
purtenance thereunto appertaining; there-
fore be it
"Resolved, That said concession is ac-
cepted, ratified and confirmed, and that the
said Hawaiian islands and their dependen-
cies be and they are hereby annexed as a
part of the territory of the United States,
and are subject to the sovereign dominion
thereof, and that all and singular the prop-
erty and rights hereinbefore mentioned are
'vested in the United States of America."
The resolution then adopts the language
of the treaty (see Daily News Almanac,
1898, page 266), beginning with the second
paragraph of the second section, and taking
all the remainder of it, but does not cite it
as a part of the treaty. These provide for
the disposal of the Hawaiian public lands,
for the temporary governmi-nt of the islands
until congress decides upon a permanent
form of government, the abrogation of Ha-
waiian treaties and the preservation of Ha-
waiian customs regulations until those of
the United States shall be put into opera-
tion, the assumption of the public debt of
Hawaii by the United States to the extent
of $4.000,000, the regulation of Chinese im-
migration and the appointment by the
president of five commissioners to prepare
a code of laws for the government of the
islands.
Section 2 provides that the commission-
ers provided for shall be appointed by the
president, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the senate. The sum of $100,000 la
appropriated by the third and last section
for the purpose of carrying the resolution
into effect, and this sum is made immedi-
ately available.
During these discussions the war feeling
In the United States had been raised to a
fever heat by the destruction of the battle-
ship Maine in the harbor of Havana and by
the declaration of war against Spain on the
21st of April. On the 27th of April Presi-
dent Dole sent a communicatl >n -to Presi-
dent MeKinley offering to transfer the Ha-
waiian Islands to the United States for the
purposes of its war with Spain and to fur-
nish the American ships of war In the Pa-
cific ocean with coal, provisions and ammu-
nition. In the opinion of high officers of
both the army and navy and of many mem-
bers of both houses of congress it became
the duty of this government to protect
Hawaii from the legitimate tvsults of its
friendship for the United States, as ex-
pressed in the offer of its chief executive,
and to guard it against attacks from Spain
and her allies. Some were of the belief
that all this could be accomplished by hav-
ing this government establish a protectorate
over Hawaii, without exposing the United
States to the liabilities and burdens that
would have to be assumed in case of annexa-
tion. On the 4th of May Mr. Newlands (sil-
ver Rep.) from Nevada introduced into the
house the following joint resolution:
"Whereas, The government of the repub-
lic of Hawaii having in due form signified
Its consent, in the manner provided by its
constitution, to cede absolutely and without
reserve to the United States of America all
rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in
and over the Hawaiian islands and their
dependencies, and also to cede and transfer
to the United States the absolute fee and
ownership of all public, government or
crown lands, public buildings or edifices,
forts, harbors, military equipment and all
other public property of every kind and de-
scription belonging to the government of the
Hawaiian Islands, together with every right
and appurtenance thereunto appertaining;
therefore,
"Resolved, by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of
America In congress assembled. That said
cession Is accepted, ratified and confirmed,
and that the said Hawaiian islands and
their dependencies be and they are hereby
annexed as a part of the territory of the
United States, and are subject to the sov-
ereign dominion thereof, and that all and
singular the property and rights hereinbe-
fore mentioned are vested in the United
States of America.
"The existing laws of the United States
relative to public land shall not apply to
such lands in the Hawaiian islands, but the
congress of the United States shall enact
special laws for their management and dis-
position; provided, that all revenue from
or proceeds of the same, except as regards
such part thereof as may be used or occu-
pied for the civil, military or naval pur-
poses of the United States, or may be as-
signed for the use of the local government,
shall be used solely for the benefit of the in-
habitants of the Hawaiian Islands for edu-
cational and other public purposes.
"Until congress shall provide for the gov-
ernment of such islands all the civil, judi-
cial and military powers exercised by the
officers of the existing government in said
HAWAIIAN ANNEXATION.
147
islands shall be vested in such person or
Broderlck.
Henry (Ind.). Otjen.
persons and shall be exercised in such man-
Bromwell.
Hepburn. Packer.
ner as the president of the United States
Brown.
Hicks. Parker.
shall direct; and the president shall have
Brownlow.
Hilborn. Payne.
power to remove said officers and fill the
Brucker.
Hill. Pearce.
vacancies so occasioned.
Brumm.
Hitt. Pearson.
"The existing treaties of the Hawaiian
Bull.
Hooker. Perkins.
islands with foreign nations shall forthwith
Burleigh.
Hopkins. Peters.
cease and determine, being replaced by such
Butler.
Howe. Pitney.
treaties as may exist, or as may be here-
Cannon.
Howell. Powers.
after concluded, between the United States
Capron.
Hull. Prince.
and such foreign nations. The municipal
Chickering.
Hurley. Pugh.
legislation of the Hawaiian islands, not en-
Clark (Iowa).
Jenkins. Ray.
acted for the fulfillment of the treaties so
Clarke.
JohnsonfN.D.) Uidgely.
extinguished and not inconsistent with this
Cochran.
Jones (Wash.) Robbins.
joint resolution nor contrary to the consti-
Cochrane.
Joy. Russell.
tution of the United States, nor to any
.Codding.
Kelley. Sauerherlng.
existing treaty of the United States, shall
remain in force until the congress of the
Connell.
Connolly.
Kerr. Shannon.
Ketcham. Shattuc.
United States shall otherwise determine.
"Until legislation shall be enacted extend-
ing the United States customs laws and
Cooper (Wls.)
Corliss.
Cousins.
Kirkpatrick. Shelden.
Knowles. Sherman.
Knox. Showalter.
regulations to the Hawaiian islands the ex-
isting customs regulations of the Hawaiian
Islands with the United States and other
countries shall remain unchanged.
"The public debt of the republic of Ha-
waii lawfully existing at the date of the
passage of this joint resolution. Including
the amounts due to depositors in the Ha-
waiian postal savings bank, is hereby as-
sumed by the government of the United
States, but the liability of the United
States in this regard shall in no case exceed
$4.000.000. So long, however, as the exist-
ing government and the present commercial
relations of the Hawaiian islands are con-
tinued as hereinbefore provided said govern-
ment shall continue to pay the Interest on
Crump.
Cummings.
Curtis (I<iwal
Curtis (Kas.)
Dalzell.
Danford.
Davenport.
Davidson.
Davison.
Dayton.
De Vries.
Dingley.
Dolliver.
Dovener.
Driggs.
Ellis.
Ermentrout.
Faris.
Kulp. Simpson.
Lacey. Skinner.
Landis. Smith (111.).
Lawrence. Smith, S. W.
Lewis (Ga.). Smith, W. A.
Lewis (Wash. Snover.
Linney. Southard.
Littauer. Southwick.
Livingston. Spalding.
Loud. Sperry.
Loudenslager. Steele.
Levering. Stevens.
Low. Stewart(N.J.)
Lybrand. Stewart(Wis.)
McCall. Stone, C. W.
McCleary. Strode.
MeCormick. Sulloway.
McDonald. Sulzer.
said debt.
"There shall be no further Immigration of
Chinese into the Hawaiian islands, except
upon such conditions as are now or may
hereafter be allowed by the laws of the
United States, and no Chinese, by reason of
anything herein contained, shall be allowed
to enter the United States from the Ha-
waiian islands.
"The president shall appoint five com-
missioners, at least two of whom shall be
residents of the Hawaiian islands, who
shall, as soon as reasonably practicable,
recommend to congress such legislation con-
cerning the Hawaiian islands as they shall
Fenton.
Fischer.
Fletcher.
Foote.
Foss.
Fowler (N. J.
Gibson.
Gillet.
Graff.
Green.
Griffin.
Griffith.
Grosvenor.
Grout.
Grow.
McEwan. Tawney.
Mann. Tavlor.
Mclntire. Thorp.
Marsh. Todd.
Mahany. Tongue.
Mahon. Updegraff.
Marshall. Van Voorhis.
Meekison. Vehslage.
Mercer. Walker (Va.).
Mesick. Wanger.
Miller. \Var<T.
Mills. Warner.
Minor. Weaver.
Mitchell. Wevuiouth.
Moody. White (111 )
deem necessarv or proper.
"Sec. 2. That the commissioners here-
inbefore provided for shall be appointed by
the president, by and with the advice and
consent of the senate.
Hager.
Hamilton.
Hawley.
Heatwole.
Hemingway.
Morris. White (N.'c.)
Mudd. Wilber.
New-lands. Williams.
Northway. wise.
Norton (S. C j Yost.
"Sec. 3. That thq sum of $100,000, or so
much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby
Henderson.
Henry (Conn.
Osborne. Young 209.
Olmsted.
appropriated out of any money in the treas-
ury not otherwise appropriated and to be
NAYS.
immediately available, to be expended at
Adamson.
Cowherd. Hinrichsen.
the discretion of the president of the United
Bailey.
Crumpacker. HowanKAla.).
States of America for the purpose of car-
Baird.
Davey. Howard(Ga.).
rying this joint resolution into effect."
Ball.
Davis. Jett.
The debate on these resolutions began In
Bankhead.
De Graffenrleil .Tohnsondnd.).
the house on the llth day of June and was
Bartlett.
Dlnsmore. Jones (Va.).
continued until the 15th, when they passed
Bell.
Dockery. Kitchin.
by a vote of 209 to 91, six not voting, al-
Benton.
Elliott. Kleberg.
though present. The following is the vote
Bland.
Fitzgerald. Lamb.
in detail:
Bradley.
Fleming. Lanham.
YF.AS.
Brantley.
FlowerfN.C.). Lester.
Acheson. Barney. Berry.
Brewer.
Fox. Little.
Adams. Barrows. Blngham.
Broussard.
Gaines. Lloyd.
Aldrich. Bartholdt. Bishop.
Brundtdge.
Griggs. Love.
Alexander. Belden. Booze.
Carmack.
Handy. McAleer.
Babcock. Belford. Botkln.
Clardy.
Hartman. McCulloch.
Baker (111.). Belknap. Boutell.
Clayton.
Hay. McDowell.
Baker (Md.). Benner. Boutelle.
Clark (Mo.).
Henry (Miss.) McMillin.
Barham. Bennett. Brewster. Cooney.
Henry (Tex.). McRae.
148
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
McGuire.
Martin.
Maxwell.
Meyer.
Moon.
Ogden.
Pierce(Tenn.).
Rhea.
Richardson.
Rixey.
Robb.
Robertson.
Robinson.
Sayers.
Settle.
Shafroth.
Shuford.
Sims.
Slayden.
Sparkman.
Stallings.
Stark.
Stephens.
Stokes.
Strait.
Strowd.
Swanson.
Tate.
Underwood.
Vandiver.
Wadsworth.
Wheeler(Ky-).
Williams
(Miss.)
Wilson 91.
RECAPITULATION.
For Annexation
Republicans 179
Democrats 18
Populists 8
Fusionists 4
Total 209
Against Annexation-
Democrats 77
Republicans ; 3
Populists 7
Fusionists 4
Total 91
DEMOCRATS FOB ANNEXATION.
Benner (Pa.).
Berry (Ky.).
Brucker (Mich.).
Cochran (Mo.).
Cummings (N. Y.).
De Vries (Cal.l.
Driggs (N. Y.).
Ermentrout (Pa.).
Griffith (Ind.).
Kelley (S. D.).
Lewis (Ga.).
Livingston (Ga.).
Marshall (O.K
Norton (S. C.).
Osborne (Wyo.).
Sulzer (N. Y.).
Taylor (Ala.).
Vehslage (N. Y.).
REPUBLICANS AGAINST ANNEXATION.
Cnimpacker (Ind.). Wadsworth (N. Y.).
Johnson (Ind.).
The resolutions then went to the senate,
where, by ILK dilatory tactics of the oppo-
nents of annexation, they remained until
July 6, when they were passed by a vote of
42 to 21. The following is the vote in detail :
Allison.
Baker.
Burrows.
Cannon.
Carter.
Clark.
Cullom.
Davis.
Deboe.
Klkins.
Fairbanks.
Foraker.
Frye.
Galllnger.
Allen.
Bacon.
Bate.
Berry.
Caffery.
Chilton.
Clay.
YEAS.
Gorman.
Hale.
Hanna.
Hansbrough.
Hawley.
Hoar.
Kyle.
Lodge.
McBride.
McLaurin.
Money.
Morgan.
Nelson.
Penrose.
Perkins.
Pettus.
Platt (Conn.).
Pritchard.
Proctor.
Sewell.
Shoup.
Sullivan.
Teller.
Warren.
Wellington.
Wetinore.
Wilson.
Wolcott.
NAYS.
Daniel. Morrill.
Faulkner. Pasco.
Jones (Ark.). Pettigrew.
Lindsay. Roach.
McEnery. Turley.
Mallory. Turpie.
Mitchell. White.
RECAPITULATION.
' For Annexation
Republicans 33
Democrats 6
Independent 1
Silver republicans 2
Against Annexation
Democrats 18
Republican 1
Silver republican 1
Populist 1
Total 21
DEMOCRATS FOE ANNEXATION.
Gorman. Money. Pettus.
McLaurin. Morgan. Sullivan.
REPUBLICAN AGAINST ANNEXATION.
* Morrill.
The resolutions went to the president and
were signed by him on the 7th of July, 1898.
In accordance with the resolutions the presi-
dent selected as the five commissioners who
are to recommend to congress such legisla-
tion as they regard necessary and proper for
the government of the new possessions the
following: Senators Shelby M. Cullom
(Rep.) of Illinois and John T. Morgan (Dem.)
of Alabama, Representative Robert R. Hitt
(Kep.) of Illinois, and Sanford B. Dole,
president of Hawaii, and Walter F. Frear,
representing Hawaii.
That this government has annexed the
Hawaiian islands without the consent of the
large majority of the native population is
not to be denied. Upon this subject Rear-
Admiral L. A. Beardslee, U. S. N., who,
from being a long time stationed at Hono-
lulu, is thoroughly competent to express an
opinion-, says in a recent article in the
North American Review:
"That we have not obtained the full and
free consent of these people seems to be a
fact. Circumstances which occurred on and
before annexation day, the 12th of last
August, indicate this very strongly. A short
time before protests against annexation
had been filed with both governments by
political societies. On the day when an-
nexation was consummated of the great
number of the best of Honolulu people who,
through social or official standing, were en-
titled to places on the great platform built
on the steps of the executive building
formerly the palace of Hawaii's monarchs
to witness and participate in the ceremo-
nies but one of the three principal classes
into which Honolulu people are divided was
present in any force, these, namely, who
affiliated with or supported the party or
which the government was formed. The
other parties, the natives and half-white.
and the royalists, took no part, and among-
them were people whose official and social
standing are such that their absence could
not have been the result of accident. There
were at the time In Honolulu the ex-Queen
Liliuokalani, the ex-Dowager Queen Kapio.
lani, the ex-Princess Kaiulani. and in the
list I have before me as I write I cannot
find their names nor the name of any of the
prominent royalists, nor of a Hawaiian not
attached to the government.
"The band of Hawaiian damsels who
were to have lowered for the last time
the Hawaiian flag as the government
band played for the last time the Ha-
waiian ponoi would not lower it. The
band refused to play the ponoi and loud
weeping was the only music contributed by
the natives. Very evidently there was dis-
HAWAIIAN ANNEXATION.
149
cord, and as evidently the breach which
had been made by the events of 1893 was
Dot vet healed, the opposing factions into
which the Hawaiian people had then been
split had not coalesced. Beyond question, a
large body of those who were to be governed
did not consent to the new government."
The native population that remains loyal
to Queen Liliuokulaui and opposed the
union is estimated at about 40,000.
Aug. 12, 1898, was decided upon as the
day for the ceremonies at Honolulu upon
which the formal transfer of the islands
to the United States should take place.
The following is the press account of the
proceedings :
"Every nationality was represented in the
grounds of the executive building on the
morning of Aug. 12 except the Hawaiian.
The throng of sightseers began to arrive
early, but no Kanakas came. At 10 o'clock
the Hawaiian national guard marched to
the water front to escort the men from the
United States steamship Philadelphia to the
grounds of the executive building. There
were many Hawaiians in the guard, but
they hoped to be able to avert their faces
at the critical moment and so avoid seeing
what they regarded as the death of their
nation.
"The beautiful grounds of the executive
building, planned for royal pastimes and
never anticipating such a scene as this,
were crowded with people. The seats had
been arranged on the sward in the deep
shade of the banana and bread-fruit trees.
Since early in the morning these had been
occupied by a medley of Chinese, Japanese
and Portuguese, craning their necks to see
the sights and caring not a jot that a
nationality was to set that day. The guests
of prominence were admitted to the bal-
conies and to the platform that jutted over
the drive, and men of the foreign office, lit-
erally staggering under pounds of sold
braid, had as much difficulty in seating
these people in the places assigned to them
as if they had all been petty German
princes at a Victorian jubilee. Heraldry is
an art in Honolulu, and in spite of the mix-
ture of blood, or, perhaps, because of it,
they are sticklers In matters of precedence.
On the platform, decorated with entwined
Hawaiian and American flags, were seated
all of Honolulu's official life, Including the
cabinet officials and their wives, the minis-
ters and their wives, the judges and mem-
bers of the legislature, the foreign diplo-
mats and the navy officers. The long veran-
das and platform were as brilliant as flower
beds with bright frocks of all Imaginable
hues and the white clothes of the men.
"At 11:45 President Dole and his cabinet
appeared, followed immediately by United
States Minister Sewall. Admiral Miller, U.
S. N., and his staff. These took their ap-
pointed places and every one stood while the
last prayer of the provisional government
was said. The Kev. G. L. Pearson of the
First Methodist church was appointed to
say it, and the crowd maintained an almost
| reverent silence as he spoke. The men from
the Philadelphia, the Hawaiian national
guard, the members of the citizens' guard
and the sharpshooters, who were seated be-
hind them, bent their heads while a blessin
was asked on this union of America an
Hawaii.
"Then came the formal transfer of sover-
eignty. Mr. Sewall. United States minister,
had been carrying under his arm a square
blue envelope of official appearance, and
this he handed to President Dole with the
information that it contained the joint reso-
lution of annexation. President Dole re-
ceived the envelope and said:
" 'A treaty of peaceful union having been
made in the interest of the Hawaiian body
jolitic, with full confidence in the honor,
ustice and friendship of the American peo-
ple we yield up to you as the representative
of the government of the United States the
sovereignty and public property of the Ha-
waiian islands.'
Mr. Sewall accepted the gift In the name
of the people of the United States and ev-
ery American there felt richer than before.
The minister then called on the admiral to
do his duty, and at a signal from Fresident
Dole the Hawaiian band played the flrst
notes of 'Hawaii Ponoi,' the national en-
them, while vigorous wig-wagging from the
American sailors made It certain that in a
second or two they would begin the last
salute to the Hawaiian flag. Chopin's fu-
neral march was never more melancholy
than the notes of this national melody. The
natives in the band had begged to be re-
leased from playing it and could be seen
fleeing round the corner seeking to get away
from sight of their beloved flag.
'In a moment guns were roaring their last
good-by and the flag of Hawaii was shiver-
ing convulsively at the top of the halyards.
Another moment and it was slowly settling
to earth and all eyes were bent upon it.
There went up a fluttering sigh from thou-
sands of people. Just as it neared the
f round and was caught in the arms of Its
riends Admiral Miller signaled and the
blare of an American bugle rent the air. It
was a call to colors.
"Then began to roll up from the ground
a magnificent American flag, so ample, so
soft in coloring that it seemed to drape the
whole front of the building In Its ascent.
At sight of it there did not burst forth
cheers as there would in more northern lati-
tudes, but the Philadelphia's band hailed It
with 'The Star-Spangled Banner,* and when
it reached its lofty place there came a
hearty hurrah from the American throats,
while a rain of tears coursed over the faces
of those Hawaiians who had witnessed the
change of emblems.
"The president's proclamation, read by
Minister Sewall, followed almost immedi-
ately. It made no change of officials, leav-
ing the personnel of the government the
same as before. The minister's speed]
came next, and then the solemn oath of
allegiance to the United States was taken
by Mr. Dole and his cabinet, the uplifted
hands of some officials trembling as if with
palsy.
"The next scene in the annexation drama
was at the barracks, which were once the
king's. Drawn up in a hollow square Ha-
waii's national guard took the oath, while a
multitude looked on. The men who wishe-i
to swear allegiance were ordered to un-
cover and raise their right hands. Sonw
refused to abjure their allegiance and stooc
with covered heads while the rest were
swearing. Later Gov. Dole presented to the
men the faded and historic flag, no less a
one than that which was carried by the
marines of the Boston when they landed
here in 1893. About the same time there
was run up on the judiciary building the
identical flag that Commissioner Blo'jnt or-
dered down on a memorable occasion.' 1
150
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
POPULATION OF HAWAII, 1897.
Nationality.
Males. Females.
Hawaiian 16,399 14.620
Part Hawaiian 4,249 4,236
American 1,975 1,111
Rritish 1,406 844
German 866 566
French 56 45
Norwegian 216 182
Total.
31,019
8,485
3,086
2,250
1,432
101
378
Nationality.
Portuguese 8,202
Japanese 19,212
Chinese 19,167
South Sea Islanders.. 321
Other nationalities... 448
Males. Females. Total.
6,989 15,191
5.195 24,407
2,449 21,616
134 455
152 600
Total 72,517 36,503 109,020
TRADE OF HAWAII.
Value of merchandise Imported into Hawaii from the United States and other countries
during the calendar years 1892 to 1897, inclusive.
COUNTRIES.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
United States....
Great Britain
Germany
China
Japan
Australasia
Canada
Pacific islands...
France
Other countries..
$3,838.359.91 $4.308.188.06 $4,364,290.42 $4,516,319.38 $5,464.208.20 $6,830.028.34
con nru cto *oi mo QQ tar. <ro TO ^71 100 OQ r-^s uni -ji oa- ~oi n=
380.079.89
99.113.87
154.696.98
60.003.87
105.203.42
25,159.00
4,808.88
4,642.31
12,139.20
421.018.33
73,956.31
172,133.94
139,438.84
126.044.43
65.349.51
17.2fi5.80
5,300.98
18,112.38
465,479.72
140.233.07
230.270.41
183.867.52
186,518.75
HS.lit8.oV
21.570.24
8,786.31
3,966.42
471,122.98
110,751.61
223,701.56
207. 125.5H
122,804.60
30.731.21
1,192.51
7,849.90
22,418.20
755,801.34
147,526.61
299.070.97
276.483.80
113.644.ti5
52.981.99
4,596.33
17.721.02
32,526.49
865,781.25
192.032.19
260,417.40
292.31634
122,453.19
58.674.92
5.864.04
30,997.32
20S.73S.10
Total..
$4,684,207.31 $5,346.808.58 $5,713,181.43 $5,714,017.54 $7,164,561.40 $8,838.203.09
Value of merchandise exported from the Hawaiian islands to various countries.
COUNTRIES.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
Annual av. 1892-96.
United States...
China
Japan ,
Australasia
Canada
Pacific islands..
Other countries.,
W.029,918.02
2,282.60
646.50
13.009.00
615.00
8.761.17
4,951.92
$10,754,248.70 $8,997,069.27
4,031.15
1.622.50
2.532.31
42,536.31
8.007.56
5.179.56
7.789.51
2,940.00
5.201.52
109.298.61
17,018.87
1,476.78
$8,392,189.54 ^15,460,098.15
42,221.50
6,124.75
21270.07
10,332.29
3,444.00
555.00
25.590.65
24,865.18
677.15
$10,326.704.74
11,953.75
. 1,132.80
10,491.65
40.117.03
8,959.41
2,322.25
Total.
$8,060,087.21
$10,818,158.09 $9,140,794.56 $8,474,138.15
$15,515,230.13
$10,401,681.63 100.00
P. et.
99.28
.11
.01
.10
.39
.09
.02
WAR BUDGETS OF THE WORLD.
(From the French Revue de Statistique. No. 28, September, 1898.)
COUNTRIES.
War budget.
Amt.
per
cap.
COUNTRIES.
Amt.
per
cap.
EUROPEAN STATES.
Russia (1898)
Germany (1898)
France (1898)
England (1897)
Austria (1897)
Italy (1898)
Spain (1897)
Turkey (1897)
Netherlands (1897)
Sweden and Norway (1897)..
Belgium (1897)
Roumania (1898)
Portugal (1*17)
Bulgaria (1898)
Switzerland (1897)
Greece (1897)
$148,640,191
141.175,350
123.517.681
88,152.750
86.0S3.024
45,<io9,609
38.257.498
19.929.765
9.617,298
9.497,854
9,312.430
8,582,775
5.084.477
4.498.369
4,477.764
3,154,645
$1.17
2.70
2.21
3.21
2.08
1.46
2.12
.83
1.92
1.36
1.44
1.56
1.06
1.36
1.49
1.29
Servia (1897)
Denmark (1893)
Finland (1897)
NON-EUROPEAN STATES.
British India (1897)
nited States (1896)
Japan (1897)
China (1897)
Brazil (1897)
Argentina (1897)
Chile (1897)
Egypt (1897)
Guatemala (1897)
Canada(1897)
Cape of Good Hope (1897) . .
Korea (1897) ,
$2.724.271
2,685,852
1,543,598
51.093.927
23,272,829
11.869,500
10,108.187
5,120.225
4,665,619
2,404.250
2.022,806
1,611,287
917,396
482,109
$1.16
1.22
.62
.40
.72
.54
.03
.59
1.28
1.72
.23
1.49
.32
.51
.07
WAR REVENUE TAXES.
151
WAR REVENUE TAXES IMPOSED TINDER THE ACT APPROVED JUNE 13, 1898.
TAX ON FERMENTED LIQUORS.
[To take effect from date of act.]
Beer, lager beer, ale, porter and other simi-
lar fermented liquor, por barrel of
thirty-one gallons $2. (Seven and one-
half per cent discount on all sales of
stamps.)
ANNUAL SPECIAL TAXES.
[To take effect July- 1, 1898.]
Bankers using a capital (Including surplus)
not exceeding $25,000 $50.
For every additional $1,000 In excess of
$25,00012.
Brokers (except those paying tax as bank-
ers) $60.
Pawnbrokers $20.
Commercial brokers $20.
Custom-house brokers $10.
Proprietors of theaters, museums and con-
cert halls In cities of more than 25,000
population, as shown by last preceding
United States census $100.
Proprietors of circuses $100.
Proprietors of other public exhibitions or
shows for money $10.
Proprietors of bowling alleys and billiard
rooms, for each alley or table $5.
TOBACCO, CIGARS, CIGARETTES AND
SNUFF.
[To take effect from date of act.]
Tobacco and snuff, manufactured 12 cents
per pound.
Cigars and cigarettes:
Cigars weighing more than three pounds
per 1,000 $3.60 per M.
Cigars weighing not more than three
pounds per 1,000 11 per M.
Cigarettes weighing more than three
pounds per 1.000 $3.60 per M.
Cigarettes weighing not more than throe
pounds per 1,000 $1.50 per M.
DEALERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF
TOBACCO AND CIGARS.
[To take effect from date of act.]
Dealers In leaf tobacco and manufacturers
of tobacco:
When annual sales do not exceed 50,000
pounds $6.
When annual sales exceed 50,000 and do
not exceed 100,000 pounds $12.
When annual sales exceed 100,000 pounds
. -$24.
Dealers in tobacco whose annual sales ex-
ceed 50,000 pounds $12.
Manufacturers of cigars:
When annual sales do not exceed 100,000
cigars $6.
When annual sales exceed 100,000 and do
not exceed 200,000 $12.
When annual sales exceed 200,000 $24.
STAMP TAXES.
[To take effect July 1, 1898.]
Bonds, debentures or certificates of stock
and indebtedness issued after July 1,
1898, on each $100 of face value 5 cents.
Certificates of stock, original Issues of, on
organization or reorganization, on each
$100 of face value or fraction thereof 6
cents.
Sale, or agreement to sell stock In any as-
sociation, company or corporation, on
each $100 of face value or fraction there-
of 2 ents.
Sale, or agreement to sell any products of
merchandise at any exchange, board of
trade or similar place:
For each $100 in value 1 cent.
For each additional $100 or fraction
thereof 1 cent.
Bank check, dratt or certllicate of deposit
not drawing interest, or money order at
sight 2 cents.
Bill of exchange (Inland), draft, certificate
of deposit drawing interest, or money
order other than at sight or on demand,
or promissory note (except bank notes)
and original domestic money orders Is-
sued by the United States after July 1,
1898:
For a sum not exceeding $1002 cents.
For each additional $100 or fraction
thereof 2 cents.
Bill of exchange (foreign) or letter of credit
(Including orders by telegraph, or other-
wise, for the payment of money Issued
by express, or other companies, or any
person), drawn in, but payable out of,
the United States:
If drawn singly or otherwise than In a set
of three or more
Not exceeding $100 4 cents.
For each additional $100 or part thereof
4 cents.
If drawn in sets of two or more
For every bill of each set not exceeding
$1002 cents.
For each additional $100 or part thereof
2 cents.
Bill of lading or receipt (other than charter
party) for merchandise for export 10
cents.
Bill of lading, manifest, or receipt, and
each duplicate thereof, express and
freight 1 cent.
Telephone messages costing 15 cents or over
1 cent each.
Bonds of indemnity 50 cents.
Certificates of profit and transfers thereof,
on each $100 or part of 2 cents.
Certificates issued by port warden or sur-
veyor 25 cents.
Certificates, all other, required by law, not
elsewhere specified 10 cents.
Charter contracts or agreements, or renew-
als or transfers of:
For vessels not exceeding 300 tons $3.
For vessels exceeding 300 and not exceed-
ing 600 tons $5.
For vessels exceeding 600 tons $10.
Broker's note or memorandum of sale 10
cents.
Conveyance deed or instrument or writing
transferring realty:
When value exceeds $100 and does not ex-
ceed $50050 cents.
For each additional $500 or fraction
thereof 50 cents.
Telegraphic dispatch 1 cent.
Custom-nouse entry of merchandise:
Not exceeding $100 in value 25 cents.
Exceeding $100 and not exceeding $50050
cents.
Exceeding $500$!.
Entry for withdrawal of merchandise from
customs bonded warehouse 50 cents.
Life insurance policies (except any fraternal
beneficiary society or order, or farmers'
purely local co-operative company or as-
sociation, or employes' relief asssocia-
tions operated on the lodge system or
local co-operation plan, organized and
conducted solely bv the members thereof
for the exclusive benefit of its members
and not for profit):
For each $100 or fractional part of 8
cents.
152
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
On policies Issued on weekly payment
plan 40 per cent on amount of first
weekly premium.
Insurance policies (marine, Inland, flro), ex-
cept purely co-operative or mutual, ou
each dollar of the amount of prem.um
% of 1 cent.
Insurance policies (casualty, fidelity and
guaranty, on each dollar of amount of
premium % of 1 cent.
Lease, agreement or contract for rent:
Not exceeding one year 25 cents.
Exceeding one year and not exceeding
three years BO cents.
Exceeding three years $1.
Manifest for entry or clearance of vessel for
foreign port:
When registered tonnage does not exceed
300 tons $1.
When registered tonnage exceeds 300 tons
and does not exceed 600 tons $3.
When registered tonnage exceeds 600 tons
$5.
Mortgage or pledge of lands, estate or prop-
erty, real or personal, or assignment,
transfer, or renewal of:
Exceeding $1,000 and not exceeding $1,500
25 cents.
On each $500, or fractional part of, In ex-
cess of $1,50025 cents.
Passage tickets from United States to for-
eign ports:
Costing not over $30 $1.
Costing more than $30 and not over $60 $3.
Costing more than $60 $5.
Power of attorney, or proxy for voting at
any election of officers of any incor-
porated company or association, except
religious, charitable or literary, or pub-
lic cemeteries 10 cents.
Power of attorney, other 25 cents.
Protests of notes, etc. 25 cents.
Warehouse receipt 25 cents.
Medicinal proprietary articles and prepara-
tions (on every packet, box, bottle, pot,
phial, or other inclosure):
On retail value not exceeding 5 cents %
of 1 cent.
Exceeding 5 cents and not exceeding 10
cents 2-8 of 1 cent.
Exceeding 10 cents and not exceeding 15
cents % of 1 cent.
Exceeding 15 cents and not exceeding 23
cents % of 1 cent.
Each additional 25 cents of retail price or
fractional part thereof % of 1 cent.
Perfumery, cosmetics and other similar
articles (on every packet, box, bottle,
etc.):
On retail value not exceeding 5 cents %
of 1 cent.
Exceeding 5 cents and not exceeding 10
cents 2-8 of 1 cent.
Exceeding 10 cents and not exceeding 15
cents % of 1 cent.
Exceeding 15 cents and not exceeding 25
cents % of 1 cent.
Each additional 25 cents or part of % of
1 cent.
Sparkling or other wines, bottled:
Each bottle containing one pint or less 1
cent.
Each bottle containing more than one
pint 2 cents.
Chewing gum, or substitutes:
On each Jar, box or other package, of not
more than $1 retail value 4 cents.
On each additional $1 or part thereof 4
cents.
On every ticket sold for a seat in a palace
or parlor car, or berth in a sleeping
car 1 cent.
ANNUAL EXCISE TAX.
Corporation, company, person or firm refin-
ing petroleum or sugar, or owning or
controlling any pipe line for transport-
Ing oil or other products where gross
annual receipts exceed $250,000 on gross
amount of receipts in excess of $250,-
000 V4 of 1 per cent.
LEGACIES AND T>ISTRIRt:TIVE SHARKS
OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.
[To take effect on date of act.]
1. Where the person or persons entitled to
beneficial interest shall be the lineal
issue or lineal ancestor, brother or sis-
ter of deceased:
When the whole amount exceeds $10,000
and does not exceed $25,00075 cents
on each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $25,000
and does not exceed $100,000 $1.125 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $100,000
and does not exceed $500,000 $1.50 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $500.000
and does not exceed $1,000,000 $1.875
on each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $1,000,-
00012.25 on each $100.
2. Where the person or persons entitled to
beneficial interest shall be the descend-
ant of a brother or sister:
When the whole amount exceeds $10,000
and does not exceed $25,000 $1.50 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $25,000
and does not exceed $100,000 $2.25 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $100,000
and does not exceed $500,000 $3 ou each
$100.
When the whole amount exceeds $500,000
and does not exceed $1,000,000 $3.75 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $1,000,-
000 $4.50 on each $100.
3. Where the person or persons entitled to
any beneficial interest shall be the
brother or sister of the father or mother
or a descendant of a brother or sister
of the father or mother:
When the whole amount exceeeds $10,000
and does not exceed $25,000 $3 on each
$100.
When the whole amount exceeds $25,000
and does not exceed $100,000 $4.50 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $100,000
and does not exceed $500,000 $6 on each
$100.
When the whole amount exceeds $500,000
and does not exceed $1,000,000 $7.50 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $1,000,-
000 $9 on each $100.
t. Where the person or persons entitled to
beneficial Interest shall be the brother or
sister of the grandfather or grandmother
or a descendant of the brother or sister
of the grandfather or grandmother:
When the whole amount exceeds $10,000
and does not exceed $25,000 $4 on each
$100.
When the whole amount exceeds $25,000
and does not exceed $100,000 $6 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $100,000
and does not exceed $500,000 $8 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $500,000
and does not exceed $1,000,000 $10 on
each $100.
EXPORTS OF MINERAL OILS.
153
When the whole amount exceeds $1,000,-
000 $12 oil each $100.
5. Where the person or persons entitled to
beneficial interest shall be a person of
any other degree of collateral consan-
guinity, or a stranger in blood, or a body
politic or corporation.
When the whole amount exceeds $10,000
and does not exceed $25,000 $5 on each
$100.
When the whole amount exceeds $25,000
and does not exceed $100,000 $7.50 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $100,000
and does not exceed $500,000 $10 on
each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $500,000
and does not exceed $1,000,000 $12.50
on each $100.
When the whole amount exceeds $1,000,-
000 $15 on each $100.
MIXED FLOUR.
[To take effect sixty days after passage of
act.]
Person, firm or corporation making, packing
or repacking $12 per annum.
On each barrel or package containing more
than 98 pounds and not more than 19ti
pounds 4 cents per barrel or package.
On each half-barrel or package containing
more than 49 pounds and not more than
98 pounds 2 cents per barrel or package.
On each quarter-barrel or package contain-
ing more than 24> pounds and not more
than 49 pounds 1 cent per barrel or
package.
On each eighth-barrel or package contain-
ing 24% pounds or less % cent per bar-
rel or package.
CUSTOMS DUTIES.
[To take effect on date of act.]
Tea Imported from foreign countries 10
cents per pound.
EXPORTS OF MINERAL OILS.
The large production of mineral oils In
other parts of tlie world, while it has not
reduced our exportation, has probably re-
duced the prices which our producers and
exporters have been able to realize. The
exports of oil In the year 1898 were prac-
tically double those of 1888 and three times
those of 1878, but the money received for
them was only about 25 per cent greater
than that received either In 1878 or 1888.
The total receipts for the 1,034,269.676 gal-
lons of oil exported in 1898 were $56,126,578,
while for the 578,351.638 gallons exported In
' 1888 the receipts were $47,042,409, and for the
338,841,303 gallons exported in 1878 the re-
ceipts were $46,574,974. The average export
value of refined illuminating oil was in 1872
24.9 cents per gallon; in 1878, 14.4 cents per
gallon; In 1888, 7.9 cents per gallon, and in
1898, 5.2 cents per gallon, having thus fallen
from 24.9 cents to 5.2 cents from 1872 to
1898. Notwithstanding this steady fall the
production and exportation continues to In-
crease, the exports having Increased over
60,000,000 gallons In the last year over that
of the preceding year and over 100,000.000
gallons over that of any earlier year, while
the production for 1897 was 2,528.067.984 gal-
lons, against 2,033.331.972 in 1894, 1.476.867,546
in 1890, 1,017,174,396 in 1885, 836.394,132 in 1880
and 510.825,588 in 1876. Thus, while the price
has been steadily and rapidly falling, the
quantity produced and the quantity exported
have as steadily and rapidly increased. The
production In 1897 was five times that of 1876
and the exportation of last year nearly flve
times that of 1876. Great as the fall in
price has been, the exports or Illuminating
oil bring over $1.000,000 a week into the
country and have in the last twenty years
added a round $1,000,000,000 to our foreign
sales.
The following table shows the quantity
and value of onr exports of mineral oils of
all grades since 1875:
Year. Oallons. Valitf.
1875 221,955,308 $30,078,568
1876 243,660,152 32,915.786
1877 309,198.914 61,789.438
1878 338,841.303 46.574.974
1879 378.310,010 40.305,249
1880 423.964.699 36,218,625
1881 397.660,262 40.315.609
Value.
$51,232,706
44,913.079
47,103,248
50,257,947
50,199.844
46,824,915
47,042.409
49,913,677
51,403.089
62,026,734
44,805,992
42,142,058
41,499,806
46,660,082
62,383.403
62,635.037
56,126,578
Year. Gallons.
1882 659,954,590
1883 505,931,622
1884 513,660,092
1885 674,668,180
1886 677,781,752
1887 592,803,267
1888 678,351,638
1889 616,195,459
1890 664,068,170
1891 709, 819,439
1892 715,365, 819
1893 804,221,230
1894 908,252,314
1895 884,502,082
1896 890,458.994
1897 973.514.946
1898 .1,034,269,676
The following table showing the countries
to which our oil has been exported in 1897
and 1898 indicates the wide distribution
which this article of our commerce obtains:
EXPORTS OF REFINED MINERAL OIL.
, Gallons. .
Exported to 1W7. JWW.
United Kingdom 213.27,168 212.265.563
France 9.06-1,114 12.835.C31
Germany 124.261,435 152,203.222
Other Europe 244,336,854 260,431.316
British N. America... 10,013,517 11,087,502
Central Amer. States
and Brit. Honduras 1,256.760 1.064.980
Mexico 836.628 1,106.853
Santo Domingo 626.671 579.825
Cuba 68.747 243.202
Puerto Rico 276,195 200,642
Other W. Indies and
Bermuda 4,224,737 4,108.714
Argentina 10,394.716 11,099,132
Brazil 20.563.693 20.E61.084
Colombia 1,245,285 1.069,622
Other South America. 10.213,796 11,283,540
China 42,627,184 44,523,562
British East Indies.. 21,361,346 35,752.592
Japan 47.411,176 63,398,186
British Australasia... 16,837,914 20,496,398
Other Asia and Ocean-
lea 46.111.698 34.353.666
Africa 10,474,918 12,292.744
Other countries 66.648 42.020
Total 973.674,948 1.064.340.07*
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
P01ITXCA1 MOVEMENTS OF THE YEAR 1898.
Arranged in the Order
BIMETALLIC LEAGUE OF THE OHIO
VALLEY.
The second annual convention of this or-
ganization was held at Indianapolis, Ind.,
on the 7th of April. While nominally
u financial gathering it was in fact po-
litical in its character and strongly ad-
vocated the nomination of Mr. Bryau for
the presidency in 1900, while the sentiment
among the delegates was stivngly in favor
of George Fred Williams of Massachusetts
for the second place on the national ticket.
Judge James P. Tarvin of Covington, Ky.,
presided, and the following resolutions were
adopted:
"Resolved, by the League of Bimetallic
Clubs of the Ohio Valley, in annual con-
vention assembled at Indianapolis on April
7, 1898, That we regard the financial ques-
tion as the paramount political issue of tin-
day, and hereby pledge ourselves to con-
tinue the battle for bimetallism until the
free and unlimited coinage of both silver
and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1,
with full legal tender quality, is secured,
without waiting for the consent or co-opera-
tion of any other nation.
"We are unalterably opposed to the single
gold standard and the so-called reform of
the Indianapolis monetary convention and
all kindred projects.
"We believe that congress alone has
power to coin and issue money and that
this power should not be delegated to Indi-
viduals and corporations; that the power to
control and regulate a paper currency is
inseparable from the power to coin money,
and that all currency intended to circulate
as money should be issued and its volume
controlled by the general government only.
"We invite the co-operation of all persons
who believe that the financial question Is
the paramount political issue and urge that
all other domestic questions be held in
abeyance until the principles enumerated l'i
the foregoing resolutions shall be embodied
into law.
"We express our continued confidence In
the brave and sagacious leader of the bi-
metallic forces in 1896, William Jennings
Bryan, whose high character, eminent abil-
ity, unimpeachable integrity, dauntless
courage, inspired with unparalleled devo-
tion the democratic, silver republican and
populist hosts in 1S96.
"We extend our sympathy to the strug-
gling and starving Cuban patriots in their
contest for liberty, and are in favor of im-
mediate intervention by the United States
to secure the absolute Independence of the
Cuban republic. And while we deprecate
war, unless necessary to maintain the
national honor and to enforce the rule of
civilization and humanity in this hemi-
sphere, we favor such a vigorous foreign
policy as will preserve the dignity of thi-
nation, secure. proper respect for the stars
and stripes . and . prevent in future the
cowardly assassination of our brave and
gallant sailors."
The following officers were chosen for the
ensuing year: President. James P. Tarvin,
Covington, Ky. ; vice-presidents. N. H.
Tucker of Ohio, F. J. Vnn Vnorhies of In-
diana, A. C. Bentley of Illinois: secretary,
Allen C. Clark of Indiana; treasurer. Col.
Shote of Ohio.
of Their Occurrence.
Louisville, Ky., was designated as the
place for holding the convention of 1899.
THE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY OF AMERICA
This organization held a meeting in Chi-,
cago, 111., in June, which resulted In a j
split. Mr. Debs and nis followers retiring to
another hall and organizing a. new political!
party. The point of difference was the |
colonization scheme which Mr. Debs had ,
once championed, but which experiment had !
satisfied him was chimerical and fatal to
the purposes of the organization. The ques-
tion of colonization came up, and after a
night of rather bitter debate the convention
upheld colonization by a vote of 52 to 36,
wnen Mr. Debs and his followers withdrew,
The leaders claim something like 4,000 mem-
bers for the new organization. The follow-
ing platform was adopted:
"Labor, manual and mental, being the
creator of all wealth and all civilization, it
rightfully follows that those who perform
all labor and create all wealth should enjoy
the fruit of their efforts. This is rendered
impossible by the modern system of produc-
tion. The fruits of co-operative labor are
in a great measure appropriated by the
owners of the means of production.
This system is gradually extinguishing the
middle class and necessarily leaves but
two classes in our country the large class
of workers and the small class of great
employers and capitalists. The producers
can never be In reality free until they be-
come the owners of the means of produc-
tion. This is possible in but two ways:
"1. Individual ownership, which has neve
been generally realized and which the In-
dustrial development is from day to day
obliterating and rendering impossible.
"2. Social ownership, which has been
made necessary by the development of the
mode of production. The individual instru-
ment, the tool, has developed into a social
instrument, the machine. In order to on-
form to the change we must substitute so-
cial ownership for individual ownership of
the means of production.
"This social control of the means of pro-
duction must naturally follow the economic
development. To accomplish the transition
it is necessary that the producers of the
country shall unite in an Independent polit-
ical party, the social democratic party of
America, which aims to effect the change
by all honorable means at the disposal of
the producers, especially the ballot, which
from a means of cormption and ofHce-
hunting must be transformed Into a means
of emancipation.
"To arrive at this end we declare in favor
of the following demands:
"1. The public ownership of all Industries
controlled by monopolies, trusts and com-
bines.
"2. The public ownership of all railroads,
telegraphs, telephones, all means of trans-
portation, communication, water works,
gas and electric plants and all other public
utilities.
"3. The public ownership of gold, silver,
copper, lead, coal, iron and all other mines;
also all oil and gas wells.
"4. Reduction of the hours of labor in
proportion to the progress of production.
"5. The inauguration of a system of pub-
lic works and Improvements for the employ-
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE TEAK 1898.
155
ment of the unemployed, the public credit
to be utilized for that purpose.
"6. All useful inventions to be free to all,
the inventor to be remunerated by the
public.
"7. The people to provide honorable main-
tenance for aged and disabled toilers.
"8. Labor legislation to be made national
instead of local and International where
possible.
"9. National insurance of working people
against accidents and lack or employment.
"10. Equal civil and political rights for
women and the abolition of all laws dis-
criminating against women.
"11. The adoption of the initiative and
referendum and the right of recall of repre-
sentatives by the voters; also minority rep-
resentation.
"12. Abolition of war as far as the United
States is concerned and the introduction of
international arbitration instead.
"Dtaft of a farmers' programme While
In the field of industry the instruments of
production have become centralized to such
a degree that only in collective form can
they be restored to the producers, this is
by no means the case in the field of agri-
culture; here the main instrument ot pro-
Uuction to wit, the soil is generally the
individual possession of the producer. We
adopt the following platform for the pur-
pose of uniting the workers in the country
with those in the city:
"1. Nationalization of all mortgages on
land, the rate of interest to be lowered to
cost price.
"2. The national credit to be at the dis-
posal of the farmers for improvement of
their land to the extent of half Its value.
Money to be issued for this purpose, which
is to be destroyed when the installments
are paid.
"3. No more public land to be sold, but to
be utilized by the United States or the state
directly for the public benefit, or leased to
farmers In small parcels of not over 640
acres, the state to make strict regulations
as to improvement and cultivation. Forests
and waterways to be put under direct con-
trol of the nation.
"4. Erection of grain elevators, maga-
zines and cold-storage buildings by the
nation to be used by the farmers at cost
price.
"6. A uniform postal rate for the trans-
portation of agricultural products on all
railroads.
"7. Public credit to be 'at the disposal of
Bounties and towns for the improvement of
roads and soil and for irrigation and drain-
age. Money to be used for such purpose
to be destroyed when repaid."
THE PEOPLE'S PARTY CONVENTION.
Pursuant to a call issued by the national
organ'zation committee of the people's party
a convention was held in Cincinnati, O., on
the 6th day of September. The delegates,
numbering about 246. who were in attend-
ance represented that wing of the party
known as the "middle-of-the-road" or "non-
fusionist" element. Ignatius Donnelly of
Minnesota was chosen chairman of the con-
vention. A committee on resolutions was
appointed to present an address to the
people of the United States and to formu-
late a platform. This committee was com-
posed of the following named delegates:
Florida. F. H. Lytle; Georgia, W. J. Mc-
Daniel; Illinois, Ray Goodwin; Indiana, O.
L. Ross; Kentucky, Jo A. Parker; Michi-
gan, James E. McBride; Mississippi, Frank
Burkitt; Ohio, John Phalen; Pennsylvania,
Wharton Barker; Tennessee, Horace Mer-
ritt; Minnesota, Ignatius Donnelly; Mis-
souri, W. O. Atkeson; Arkansas, M. K.
Coffman.
The committee presented the following
address and platform, which were adopted:
"Prosperity is the first right of a people.
"The preamble of the constitution of the
United States declares the purpose of that
instrument to be to 'promote the general
welfare' in other words, to enrich the peo-
ple and make them happy.
"Liberty ia desired of all men, because it
means equality of opportunity; and this
means universal prosperity. Poverty, lack-
ing liberty, is unable to defend itself
against privilege.
"All history is but a record of the strug-
gles iff mankind to rise to happiness In the
face of misgovernment.
"Labor in the ancient civilizations was but
another name for slavery. All the workers
in the forest, on the farm, in the shop arid
in the mine, were slaves.
"The monuments of Egypt still rear their
massive fronts to heaven, enduring testi-
mony to the enormities of injustice in-
flicted upon the workmen who built them.
"The producers of the wealth of Greece
and Rome were denied happiness in life
and heaven in death. They were regarded
as soulless beings, forbidden to be present
at the religious mysteries, and refused even
the rights of sepulture.
"Their degraded estate was branded in
their very faces, and when they became too
numerous for their masters' safety they
were slaughtered by thousands.
"The fact that they belonged to the same
race, and even to the same families, as
their owners did not in the least mitigate
their sufferings. Nor was it considered any
argument in behalf of the poor creatures
that their outlawed caste had given birth
to great geniuses and commanders, like
^Esop, Probus, Vitellius, Diocletian, and
even Augustus Caesar.
"The producers of all food were hungry,
the creators of all wealth were paupers, -the
manufacturers of all clothing were naked,
the forgers of all weapons were defenseless.
"Out of their very faith in God were
welded the chains that rendered them help-
less; for they feared the denial of the
sacred rites of sepulture more than they
feared death itself, and the baseless hopes
of future bliss, in pagan heaven, were re-
ceived by them as an equivalent for a life
of continuous misery on earth.
"When these wretched beings, unable
longer to bear the incalculable sufferings,
broke out in great insurrections, under
Spartacus, Eunus, Athenion and others,
more than a million of them were crucified
and left to rot on the public highways.
"The birth of the Christian religion was
the first brea-k of light amid the gloomy hor-
rors of this awful spectacle. It came as an
outburst from the depths of the oppressed
and servile class. Its Founder was a me
chanic; His apostles fishermen. It preached
to the multitude equality and universal
brotherhood, the immortality of the soul
and the love of a Heavenly Father. It
scourged the money-changers out of the
temple and consigned the wicked rich to
the tortures of an eternal hell.
"The growth of Christianity was a sue
cessful insurrection of the poor and was
adopted by the great only after it had em-
braced the great body of the people. It
156
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOU 1899.
gradually abolished slavery, mitigated the
evils of human selfishness and lilted up all
mankind.
"The next step in .this preordained ad-
vancement was the voyage of Columbus and
the transfer of the best blood of the old
world to the shores of the new. A flood of
poor, hungry men struggled across the At-
lantic, and, on terms of perfect equality
and filled with the positive demands of
liberty, spread themselves over the virgin
land, kept void of inhabitants, therefor, by
land, kept void of iulia
the providence of God.
Then began a process of splendid devel-*
opment for which the previoifs experience of
mankind had afforded no parallel. The
genius of humanity cast away its chains
and stepped forward into the light with a
continent for an arena, surrounded by the
glorious effulgence of universal prosperity.
"All who stood before It went down, and
resistance was but a stepping-stone to
nobler heights of development. The dreams
of the poets and sages of antiquity were
realized, and a government of equal rights
and human brotherhood, enlightened by uni-
versal education, rose like a mountain be-
fore the gaze of the astonished world.
"From the Atlantic to the Mississippi tne
forests were brushed away and endless
gardens and magnificent cities covered the
laud. The bodies and the minds of men
were enlarged to nobler proportions and all
the magnificent qualitites of the human
soul shone forth with resplendent luster.
"But the width of the Atlantic had not
changed human nature. Into this paradise
the old serpent of injustice drove the toiler
himself. He took possession of the garden
and drove the toller from beneath his vine
and fig tree. He changed the lovely scene
into an abode of uuhappiness, filled with
lamentations.
"The census of 1890 showed that one-
fourth of the dwellers in this land of free
homes had become tenants. While popula-
tion had in ten years increased 25 per cent
and wealth 45 per cent the mortgaged in-
debtedness on the homes of the people had,
in the period, advanced 156 per cent. The
farm-owning families, despite the homestead
law, had increased but 2'/> per cent, whi e
the tenants of laud had increased 40* per
cent.
"It was shown by that census that 4,047
families owned $12,000,000,000 of the wealth
of the whole country. In other words, three
one hundredths of 1 per cent of the peo-
ple owned one-fifth of all the wealth, 9 per
cent of the people owned 71 per cent of the
entire property of the country, while the
remaining 91 per cent owned but 29 per cent
of the wealth. Bankruptcy, suicide and in-
sanity had grown beyond all precedent.
"These facts struck terror to the souls of
nil thinking people.
"They asked themselves, If less than 100
years of national life, starting from an
ideal condition of equality, under the no.
blest institutions ever known to man, had
produced these terrible results, what would
another hundred years bring forth?
"They perceived that the great American
people were rapidly becoming landless,
homeless and hopeless.
"They beheld the birth of that product
of modern times the corporation an artifi-
cial creature, unknown to the ancient
world; a demon possessed of all the at-
tributes of God's creatures, but clothed
with immortal life and boundless power.
They saw it rise in a few generations from
nothingness to the control of congress, sta f
legislatures, municipal governments, the
avenues of public opinion, and all the in-
strumentalities of production and transpor-
tation. They saw it a government within
the government levying taxes and collect-
ing revenues never voted by the peop:e.
They saw it lessening the opportunities ( ,f
labor; driving the farmer from his larrn ana
the workman from his bench, concentrating
the earth's surface in the hands of a 1'ew
and consigning the toiler to change and
starvation.
"Thoughtful men looked down the vista
of the future and saw the people returning
to the awful conditions of pre-Christian
slavery. To the evil rich Christ had be-
come but a name; the horrid image of
Moloch displaced the gentle Nazarene in
the hearts of the rulers of the world.
"Appalled by the revelations of the census
of 189U the friends of mankind assembled in
this city of Cincinnati on the 19th and 20th
days of May, 1891, in a convention of 1,41s
delegates from thirty-two states, and with
vast enthusiasm and complete unanimity
established the people's party of the Uniteu
States.
"They adjourned until Feb. 22, 1892, to
meet at St. Louis, a great assemblage, rep-
resenting all the extensive labor organiza-
tions of farmers and mechanics, including
those which met in St. Louis in 1889, the
Ocala conference of 1890 and the Omaha
assemblage of the Northwestern alliance
held in 1891.
"It was there unanimously regolved that
a new party should be established; the
call was. issued for a delegate convention,
to be held at Omaha on the 4th of July,
1892, to place in nomination candidates for
the ^presidency and vice-presidency.
"The slowly gathering discontent, ex-
tending over many years, found voice at
last in the preamble and resolutions of that
convention.
"They built the new party on the broad-
est and grandest principles. They declared
that 'wealth belongs to him that creates it,'
and that 'every dollar taken from industry
without an equivalent is robbery.' They an-
nounced that 'the interests of rural and
civic labor are the same, their enemies
identical.'
"They declared:
" 'The conditions that surround us justify
our co-operation; we meet in the midst of n
nation brought to the verge of moral, polit-
ical and material ruin. Corruption domi-
nates the ballot box. the legislatures, the
congress, and touches even the ermine of
the bench. The people are demoralized, in
most of the states have been compelled to
isolate the voters at the polling places in
order to prevent universal intimidation or
bribery. The newspapers are subsidized,
public opinion silenced, business prostrated,
our homes covered with mortgages, labor
impoverished and the land concentrating ir:
the hands of capitalists. The urban work,
men are denied the right of organization for
self -protection; imported, pauperized labor
beats down their wages; a hireling standing
army, unrecognized by our laws, is estab-
lished to shoot them down, and they are
rapidly degenerating into European condi-
tions. The fruits of the toil of millions
are boldly stolen to build up colossal for-
tunes, unprecedented in the history of
mankind, and the possessors of these in
turn despise the republic and endanger
liberty. From the prolific womb of gov-
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE YEAR 1898.
157
ernmental injustice we breed two great
classes tramps and millionaires.'
"They denounced both the old parties as
equally responsible for the terrible condi-
tion of the people. The platform said:
" 'We have witnessed for more than a
quarter of a century the struggles of the
great parties for power and plunder, while
grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon a
suffering people. We charge that the con-
trolling influences dominating both these
parties have permitted the existing dread-
ful conditions to develop without serious
efforts to prevent or restrain them. Neither
do they promise us any substantial reform.
They have agreed to ignore in the coming
campaign every issue but one. They pro-
pose to drown the outcries of a plundered
people with the uproar of a sham battle
over the tariff, so that capitalists, corpora-
tions, national banks, rings, trusts, watered
stocks, the demonetization of silver and the
oppression of the usurers may all be lost
sight of. They propose t<> sacrifice our
homes and children on the altar of Mam-
mon, to destroy the multitude in order to
secure corruption funds from the million-
aires.'
"Upon this platform, with its familiar
concluding demands, we went before the
people, and after four months' campaign
we polled 1,055.424 votes and carried four
states and partially two more, receiving
altogether twenty-two electoral votes. The
democrats won in the contest and elected
Grove* Cleveland president by 277 electoral
votes, against 145 for Benjamin Harrison.
In the campaign both the old parties kept
up their 'sham battle' over the tariff and
studiously ignored the great issues raised
by the people's party.
"In 1893 the Omaha platform received
striking corroboration from the terrible
panic which fell upon the country, sweeping
ti'.vay banks and business and plunging mil-
lions into bankruptcy. Mr. Cleveland's
panacea of free trade did not relieve the
sufferings of the people. In the elections of
1894 the democratic party was generally re-
pudiated, and it became apparent that that
venerable organization must find new issues
or be borne to its everlasting resting place.
There did not seem to be a state it was
certain to carry in 1896.
"The people's party vote in 1894 and 1895
rose to nearly 2,000,000. and everything in-
dicated its speedy national triumph.
"In this emergency the democratic party
saw that it had no resource but to steal one
of the principles of the despised populists,
and after having persistently opposed the
remonetization of silver in congress and de-
feating a dozen bills looking to that end it
changed front in the twinkling of an eye,
and in the Chicago convention of 1896, in a
prearranged, theatrical scene of great up-
roar and enthusiasm, moved to the front as
the devoted and lifelong champion of that
which it had ever opposed.
"Having stolen one of the principles of
our platform it became necessary to steal
our votes and break up our organization.
Hence, when the people's party national
c I'liveni ion met, a tremendous pressure was
brought to bear upon it to do what no
political party had ever done in the hls-
IOT.V of our country to wit, to nominate
the candidates of another party for presi-
dent and vice-president and stop in mid-
career of its own tremendous growth and
tie itself to the doubtful fortunes and still
more doubtful sincerity of a rival organiza-
tion.
"In vain it was urged upon the conven-
tion that if we maintained our separate
existence and nominated our own candi-
dates we could still unite with any other
party in support of a joint electoral ticket
in every state.
"If this plan had been adopted the repub-
lican party would surely nave been de-
feated, but democracy insisted that the
battle must be won under their banner.
Hence our noble candidate for vice-presl-
aent was ostracized and pushed aside in
behalf of a man whose every principle was
in fundamental antagonism to the creed of
our party, and our organization with its
twenty-two electoral votes and nearly
2,000,000 voters was ignored and spat upon.
Our nomination was thrown back in our
faces by a telegram from the gentleman we
had nominated; we were denied all recog-
nition. The telegram of declination was not
produced, but our votes were carefully ex-
ploited in tb* election which followed.
"By an extraordinary calamity a gentle-
man was made chairman of our national
committee and Commander-in-chief of our
forces who had achieved success .by a com-
bination with republicans, and who was
ready to equalize things by sacrificing our
party to accomplish another unholy union
with the democrats.
He preached disintegration and demoral-
ization, just as Benedict Arnold stipulated
for the scattering of the American forces
that the British might the more readily
overthrow the young republic. Mr. Butler
taught our forces the first duty of a sol-
dier was to break ranks and go over to the
enemy. It was as if Gen. Miles had issued
orders to our troops at Santiago to tear
down the American flag and merge into the
Spaniards because we all thought alike on
the question of God and the immortality of
the soul.
"All efforts to chain the boundless sub-
tlety of this cunning man had been in vain.
As late as Aug. 25, 1898, in a speech at
Denver, Col., despite all previous com-
pacts and promises, he urged all friends of
free silver to act together, and he denounced
those who were 'trying to divide its friends
because they differed on other questions.'
And yet he well knew that the republicans
and prohibitionists of Colorado and all the
western states were also in favor of free
silver, and that there was just as much
reason to unite with them as with the
democrats. He also knew that where a
smaller and weaker party unites with a
greater and stronger it is the inevitable
union of the lion and the lamb. He knew
that the experiment had nearly obliterated
the people's party in several states and
that he was leading the rest of those who
trusted him into the abyss where reposed
the moldering bones of the greenback
party. He well knew that the free-silver
Issue was but one of many planks of the
people's party, and while desirable in it-
self could not bring the people relief if
corporate power were to continue to rule the
nation and plunder unchecked the industry
of the land.
"Our chief battle Is not against the de
monetlzation of one metal for the benefit
of another, but against the chaining of
the world's progress to the car wheels of a
prehistoric superstition in the shape of both
metals. The growth of population and the
happiness of mankind are thus made con
158
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
tingent upon accidental discoveries of two
intrinsically worthless metals. The whole
adoration of gold and silver is but a sur-
vival of pagan barbarism, more deadly in
its effects than slavery, polygamy and
witchcraft.
"While it is conceded that money is a
governmental measure of value, and con-
sists not in its material but in the stamp of
the nation, the whole world is to-day held
In check by a system of gold barter, while
enterprise languishes, industry suffers and
cemeteries are becoming populous with the
bodies of bankrupts and suicides. Kecog-
nizing that a terrible emergency requires
desperate remedies and that We must ap-
peal to the highest qualities of the human
mind and heart, and not in degrading 'dick-
ers' and trades of scrambling politicians,
we cast aside all precedents and go directly
to the people. We commence anew the
campaign of education which gave us, in
the first two years of our existence, nearly
2,000,000 votes.
"We believe the soul is bigger than the
pocketbook. We address ourselves to the
reason of men and their love of country.
We have nothing but kind words for demo-
crats and republicans, individually. We
beg them to join our ranks and help us
fight the battles of mankind. For those
who, eager for. immediate results, have
innocently left us and merged with the
enemy and helped on our demoralization,
we extend the open arms of invitation and
reconciliation. We ask them for -the sake
of the great truths which fired their hearts
in 1892 to be with us in 1898 and forever
after. If the birth of our party was de-
manded by events six years ago circum-
stances clamor in thunder tones for its
continuance to-day. The whole experiment
of self-government is at stake. We are
about to add to our population as many
millions of alien and strange people as our
whole voting force amounts to, and no one
can say how soon these will be dragged to
the ballot box by the money power to bury
our liberties in universal ruin.
"By all the dreadful past of the world,
by the memory of all the millions who
ended lives of miserable enslavement in
degraded graves, by the teachings and sac-
rifices of the martyred Christ, by the suffer-
ings of the great revolution that made us a
nation, by all the hopes of humanity all
over this round globe, we implore our fel-
low-citizens to unite with us in one grand
effort to build up a reform party that will
liberate mankind.
"Our hearts go out to the wretched and
oppressed of the whole world, and if placed
in power in this country we shall try to so
act as to help all mankind.
PLATFORM OF THE REVIVIFIED PEO-
PLE'S PARTY.
"As a fundamental step to the preserva-
tion of our endangered liberties we demand
that the reign of corruption shall cease in
our legislative halls by the establishment
of direct legislation. We must shorten the
plow handles of government by bringing the
legislator closer to his principals so close
that no lobbyist can intrude between them.
Through the initiative and referendum all
moral and political questions can be sub-
mitted to a fair and impartial vote of the
people and if adopted by a majority of the
voters become the law of the land.
"While we demand that if either gold or
silver is to be used as money both snail be
so used, we insist that the best currency
this country ever possessed was the full
legal tender greenback of the civil war.
And we look forward with hope to the day
when gold shall be relegated to the arts of
the country and the human family possess,
free of tribute to bankers, a governmental
full legal measure of value, made of paper,
that will expand side by side with the
growth of wealth and population. Then,
and only then, will the people realize the
full benefits of civilization and the world
be made a garden of delights for mankind.
"We call attention to the public school
system and the postal service as exempli-
fications of a beneficent state socialism
which our people would only relinquish with
their lives. And we demand that the carry-
ing of messages written with pen and ink
be amplified to embrace messages written
by electricity, and that the train of cars
which carries our letters be owned by the
government to carry those who wrote the
letters. No other reforms will avail much
if corporations are permitted to say how
much they shall take from the producers
and how much they will leave them.
This is taxation without representa-
tion in its worst form. It is the disgrace
of our republic that foreign despotisms
have defended the right of the people in
these particulars, while corruption has
made self-government a helpless failure in
this land. We believe in the collective
ownership of those means of production and
distribution which the people may elect,
such as railways, telegraphs,
coal mines, etc.
"We are opposed to individuals or cor-
porations fastening themselves, like vam-
pires, on the people, and sucking their sub-
stance, and we demand that whatever can
be better done by government for the en-
richment of the many shall not be turned.
over to individuals for the aggrandizement
of the few.
"Hence we Insist that banks have no
more right to create our money than thev
would have to organize our army or pasc
our laws.
"We reaffirm the fundamental principles
of the Omaha platform and declare it to
be the immutable creed of our party, coeval
with it in birth and filled with the spirit
that launched it on its grand career. It
must not be whittled away or traded off for
offices. The man who proposes to do this
is an enemy of mankind; he would sell the
kingdom of heaven for a mess of pottage.
"In order to maintain the liberties of the
people we must preserve their homes, and
we therefore demand laws in the several
states exempting the homes of the people
from taxation absolutely in a sum not less
than $2,000, and a personal property exemp-
tion of not less than $300 to each head of a
family. To make up for this reduction of
taxation we favor an income, inheritance
and other like taxes.
" 'With malice toward none, with charity
to all, with devotion to the right as God
gives us to see the right,' we commit our
cause to the hearts and consciences of the
American people."
After the adoption of the address and
platform the convention proceeded to the
nomination of candidates for the presidency
and vice-presidency. Upon a call of the
states Mr. Rahilly of Minnesota presented
the name of Ignatius Donnelly; Dr. Fay of
the same state and Mr. Burton of Illinois
seconded the nomination. Florida yielding
CANADIAN-AMERICAN JOINT COMMISSION.
159
to Michigan, Mr. Fogg of the latter state
presented the name of Wharton Barker of
Pennsylvania, Mr. McDaniel of Georgia and
Mr. Rogan of Tennessee seconding the
nomination. Mr. Houghowatt of Missouri
presented the name of Frank Burkitt of
Mississippi, but he declined. Nominations
being declared closed, the roll was called by
states and resulted in 128 4-5 votes for
Barker and 117 1-5 votes for Donnelly,
whereupon Mr. Donnelly moved to make
the nomination unanimous, and Wharton
Barker of Pennsylvania was declared to be
the nominee of the convention for president
of the United States.
The nomination of a candidate for vice-
president being In order, Dr. Fay of Minne-
sota presented the name of Ignatius Don-
nelly, whereupon the nomination was made
by acclamation.
Capt. Burkitt of Mississippi moved the
following resolutions, which were adopted:
"Whereas, The sole object of this conven-
tion has been and is to secure to the rans
and file of the people's party an absolute
certainty that a straight populist ticket on
a straight populist platform should be pre-
sented to them in 1900: therefore,
"Resolved, That the ticket nominated
here to-day Is subject to a referendum vote
of the populists of the United States.
"Resolved, second, That the referendum
vote above referred to shall be taken in
accordance with the plan provided in the
report of the committee on plan of organi-
zation made to this convention."
CANADIAN-AMERICAN JOINT COMMISSION.
For several years the perplexing ques-
tions and disputes between the Canadian
and United States governments have been
increasing both in number and gravity.
Some of these have at times assumed
threatening aspects, and it has only been
because both countries were determined to
prevent a clash that serious complications
have been avoided. With the purchase of
Alaska by the United States the right of
this government to protect the seals In the
waters of the North Pacific was so ener-
getically disputed both by Great Britain and
Canada that an open rupture was seriously
threatened, but after several attempts on
the part of our government to bring about a
peaceable solution of the question it is yet
an open one. The boundary line between
British Cohimbia and this country has been
given an additional importance by the dis-
covery of gold in the Klondike region and
serious disputes over the collection of cus-
toms duties.
On the 30th of May, 1898, negotiations
were begun in Washington with the view
to the drawing of a treaty which would
settle and dispose of all the questions In
controversy between the two governments.
The conference was conducted by Sir
Julian Pauncefote, British ambassador, and
Sir Louis H. Davies, Canadian minister of
marine and fisheries, representing Great
Britain and Canada, on the one hand, and
on the other ex-Secretary of State John W.
Foster and John A. Kasson, reciprocity
commissioner, representing the United
States. On the 25th of May an agreement
was concluded between them for the cre-
ation of a joint commission, the members
of which should be appointed by the execu-
tive branches of the two governments, to
negotiate a treaty adjusting, so far as pos-
sible, all subjects of controversy between
Canada and the United States. To defray
the expenses of the commissioners congress
appropriated the sum of $50,000 and Quebec
was designated as the place of meeting of
the commissioners.
The president appointed as representa-
tives or the Doited Stntos Charles W. Fair-
banks of Indiana, United States senator
(Uep.); Charles J. Faulkner of West Vir-
ginia, United States senator (Dem.); Nelson
Dingley of Maine, member of the house of
representatives (Uep.); John A. Kasson of
Iowa, United States reciprocity commis-
sioner (Rep.); John W. Foster of the Dis-
trict of Columbia (Rep.); T. Jefferson Cool-
idge of Massachusetts.
The queen appointed as representatives of
Great Britain and Canada Baron Hersehell,
lord high chancellor of England; Sir Wil-
frid Laurier, G. C. M. G., premier of
Canada; Sir Richard Cartwright, K. C. M.
G., Canadian minister of trade and com-
merce; Sir Louis Henry Davies, Canadian
minister of marine and fisheries; Sir James
T. Winter, premier of Newfoundland.
The first meeting of the joint commission
was at Quebec on the 21st of August, 1898.
The principal questions for the considera-
tion of the commission are as follows:
1. The questions in respect to fur seals In
Bering sea and the waters of the North Pa-
cific ocean.
2. Provisions In respect to fisheries off the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts and In the
waters of their common frontiers.
3. Provisions for the delimitation and es-
tablishment of the Alaska-Canadian bound-
ary by legal and scientific experts, if the
commission shall so decide, or otherwise.
4. Provisions for the transit of merchan-
dise in transportation to or from either
country, across intermediate territory of the
other, whether by laud or water, including
natural and artificial waterways and Inter-
mediate transit by sea.
5. Provisions relating to the transit of
merchandise from one country to be deliv-
ered at points in the other beyond the fron-
tier.
6. The question of the alien labor laws,
applicable to the subjects or citizens of the
United States and of Canada.
7. Mining rights of the citizens or sub-
jects of each country within the territory
of the other.
8. Such readjustment and concessions as
may be deemed mutually advantageous of
customs duties applicable in each country to
the products of the soil or industry of the
other upon the basis of reciprocal equiva-
lents.
9. A revision of the agreement of 1817 re-
specting naval vessels on the lakes.
10. Arrangements for the more complete
definition and marking of any part of the
frontier line by land or water -where the
same Is now so insufficiently defined or
marked as to be liable to dispute.
11. Provisions for the conveyance for trial
or punishment of persons in the lawful cus-
tody of the officers of one country through
the territory of the other.
12. Reciprocity in wrecking and salvage
rights.
Other questions relating to the United
States and Canada will undoubtedly be
brought before the commission as the work
goes forward. The findings will be sub-
mitted in the form of a treaty for the ap-
proval of the senate of the United States
and of Great Britain.
160 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOE 1899.
BHnittD States diplomatic ants Consular Serbice.
KOV. 1, 1898.
Explanation A. E. and P., Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary; E. E. anc?
M. P., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; M. R., Minister Resident;
M. R. and C. G., Minister Resident and Consul-General.
COUNTRY.
Representative.
Location.
App' ted from.
Salary.
Argentine Republic
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
VVm.I. Buchanan, E.E.& M.P.
Francois S. Jones, Sec.of Leg.
C. Tower, E. E. & M. P
Chas. V. Herdliska. 8. of L. . .
Comdr. F.M. Barber, Nav.Att.
Bellamy Storer, E. E. & M. P.
Lt. G. T. Langhorne. Mil. Att.
G. H. Bridgeman, E E &M P.
Buenos Ayres.
Buenos Ayres.
Vienna
Vienna
Vienna
Iowa
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Dis.Columbia
$10,000
1,500
12,000
1,800
Brussels
Ohio
10,000
Bolivia
Brussels
Illinois. .
5.000
12,000
1,800
Brazil
Chas. P. Bryan, E. E. & M. P.
Thos. C.Dawson.Sec. of Leg.
Lt. James A. Shipton.Mil. Att.
H. L. Wilson, E. E. & M. P. . .
C. R. Simpkins, Sec. of Leg...
B. H. Conger, E. E. & M. P.
H. G. Squires, Sec. of Leg . . .
W.E . Bambridge.2d Sec.of Leg.
Fleming D. Cheshire, Int
Chas. B. Hart, E. E. &M. P...
J. C. McNally, Sec. of Leg. . . .
W. L. Merry, E. E. & M. P. . . .
Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.. .
L. S. Swenson, E. E. & M. P..
Wm. F. Powell, Charge d'A. .
A. J. Sampson, E. E. &. M. P.
Thos. S. Harrison, Agt & C. G.
Horace Porter. A. E. & P
Henry Vlgnaud. Sec. of Leg..
Rio de Janeiro.
Rio de Janeiro-
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
and Salvador : . .
Iowa
Santiago
Washington..
Massachus'ts.
Illinois
10,000
1,500
12.000
2,625
1,800
3.000
10.000
2,000
10,000
1.800
7 500
Pekin
Pekin
Pekin
Now York
Wisconsin....
China
W. Virginia...
MassacHus'ts.
California....
California....
Pekin
Bogota
Bogota
Managua
Managua
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Port-au-Prince.
8uito
airo
New Jersey...
Arizona
Pennsylvania
New York
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
5,000
5,000
5,000
17,500
2,625
2,000
Paris
Paris
Germany
Great Britain
EdgarT. Scott, 2d Sec. of Leg.
Maj. S. C. Kellogg, Mil. Att.. .
Paris
Paris
Lieut. Wm. S. Simms, N. A..
Paris
Andrew D. White, A. E. & P.
John B. Jackson, Sec. of Em.
Geo. M. Fisk, 2d Sec. of Em. .
Berlin
Berlin
New York....
New Jersey . .
Ohio
17,500
2,625
2,000
Berlin
Comdr. F.M. Barber, Nav.Att.
Berlin
Henry White, Sec. of Em...
John R. Carter, 2d Sec. of Em.
Lieut. John C. Colwell, N. A . .
Lt.-Col. A. E. Bates, Mil. Att.
W. W. Rockhill, E. E., M. P.
andC.G
London
Dis. Columbia
Rhode Island.
Maryland
17,500
2,625
2,000
London
London
Athens
Dis.Columbia
Kentucky
New York
New Jersey...
Maine
Dis. Columbia
Kentucky
Massachus'ts.
New York...
6,500
10.000
2,000
5.000
7,500
4,000
10,000
12,000
1.500
Guatemala
Haiti
Hawaiian Islands
W. G. Hunter, E.E. AM. P...
A.M.Beaupre. Sec. Leg.& C.G.
Wm. F.Powell, E.E.&M. P.
H. M. Sewall, E. E. &M. P....
W. Havwood, Sec. of L.& C.G.
W. G. Hunter, E. E. & M. P...
Wm. F. Draper, A. E. & P
L. M. Iddings. Sec. of Em
R.C. Parsons, Jr.,2d Sec. of Km.
Capt G.P Scriven, Mil. Att .
Guatemala
Guatemala
Port-au-Prince
Honolulu
Guatemala.. ..
Rome
Rome
Italy
Comdr. F.M.Barber. Nav.Att.
Alfred E. Buck, E. E. & M. P.
I. R. Herod, Sec. of Leg
H. Wilson, 2d Sec. of Leg. . . .
Ransf ord S. Miller, Jr., Int. . .
H. N. Allen. M. R. & C. G
W. F. Sands, Sec. of Leg
Rome
Tokyo (Yedo)..
Tokyo (Yedo)..
Tokyo (Yedo)..
Tokyo (Yedo)..
Seoul
Seoul
Georgia
Indiana
12,000
2,625
1,800
2,500
7,500
1,500
500
"4,666'
1.500
17,500
2,625
2,000
7,500
Korea
Liberia
Mexico
New York
Ohio
Pang Kyeng Hui, Int
Ye Ho Yung, Int
O. L. W. Smith, M. R. & C. G..
C. Max Manning, Sec. of Leg.
Powell Clayton, E. E. & M. P.
F. K. McCreery, Sec. of Leg. .
Seoul
Seoul
Monrovia
Monrovia
Mexico
Mexico
Korea
Korea
N. Carolina . .
Georgia
Arkansas
Michigan
New York
Minnesota....
Netherlands
Wm. Heimke, 2d Sec. of Leg.
Stanford Newel, E. E.&M.P.
Mexico
The Hague
Paraguay and Uruguay. .
Persia
Peru
Maj.Jas N Wheelan,Mil.Att
Wm. R. Finch. E. E. & M. P. .
Arthur S. Hardy .M. R. & C.G.
John Tyler, Int
I. B. Dudley E. E. & M. P
Richard R. Neill, Sec. of Leg.
L. Townsend, E. E. & M. P..
Montevideo
Teheran
Teheran
Lima
Lima
Lisbon
Wisconsin. ..
N.Hampshire
Persia
California
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
7,500
5,000
1,000
10,000
1,500
7,500
Portugal
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE.
161
UNITED
STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. -CONTINUED.
COUNTRY.
Representative.
Location.
App'ted from.
Salary.
Roumanla and Servia
Russia
W. W. 1
andC
E. A. H
Rockhill.E. E., M. P.
. G
Athena
Dis.Columbla
Missouri
Massachus'ts.
$6,500
17,500
2,625
tchcock. A. E. and P..
St.P
St. I
St. I
Ban
Ban
Mad
etersburg.
etersburg.
etersburg.
zkok
E. O. Achorn. Sec. of Em
Lieut. W. S. Simms. Nav. Att.
Hamilton King, M. R. & C. G.
James A. Chivers, Int
Michigan
6.000
500
12,000
1,809
Spain
<kok
Sweden and Norway
Switzerland
Turkey
Madrid
Mad
Mad
rid
rid
W. W. 1
J. G.A.I
1st Lt. J
Oscar S
J. W. R
rhomas, E. E. & M. P.
^eishman. E.E.& M.P.
.R.Williams,Mil.Att.
Straus. E. E. & M. P.
5toc
Berr
Berr
Cons
Cons
Cons
Cons
Cara
Cara
rvllollll
ie
Maine
Pennsylvan'a
7,500
7,500
tantinople
tantinople
tantinople
tantinople
cas
cas
New York....
Minnesota....
10.000
1,800
A. A. G
F. B. L<
W. W. ]
irgiulo. int
Turkey..
3,000.
7,500
1,500
)omis, E. E. & M. P..
iussell. Sec. of Leg. .
Ohio
Maryland....
CONSULS-GENERAL AND CONSULS, AGENTS AND CONSULAR AGENTS.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from.
Salary.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC
Daniel Mayer
Walter T. Jones
Agt!
West Virginia
Argentine
12,500
Fees
Fees
Fees
Banla Blanca
Rosario
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
J. M. Ayres
Frank Dyer Chester
Giovanni Gelletich. .Agt.
Ohio
Massachusi
Austria-Hi
Wyoming.
stts
ingary
Flume
Prague, Bohemia.....'...
8,000
2,590
"2.666"
3,500
Reichenberg, Bohemia...
Haida
F. W. Mahin
F.Siller Agt.
Frederick W. Hossfeld...
Carl Bailey Hurst
Iowa
Wisconsin
Iowa
District of
Austria- Hi
Austria-Hi
Connecticu
Pennsylva
New York.
Columbia.!!.!
ingary
Brunn
Gustavus Schoeller. .
August Bargvhr
George F. Lincoln. . .
George W. Roosevelt
J. Fisher Reese
Agt.
Agt.
Agt.
ingary
"3,666"
2,500
BELGIUM Antwerp
Brussels
ila
Charleroi
Ghent
Henry C. Morris
A. A. Winslow
Illinois
1,000
1,500
Verviers
Henry Dodt
Agt.
Agt.'
BOLIVIA La Paz
Gerardo Zalles
H. W. Furnlss
Luiz Schmidt
K. K. Kenneday .
Bolivia....
Indiana....
Brazil
Mississippi
New York.
United Sta
New Hamp
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Illinois ...
Fees
2,000
2,666' '
BRAZIL Bahia
Aracaju
Para
John C. Redman Agt.
Luiz F. da 8. Santos.. Agt.
Benjamin F. Clark
Antonio E. daFrota.Agt.
Charles Goble Agt.
Lyle Nelson Agt.
Eugene Seeger
,es
Maranhao
2,000
"6,666"
"i',566"
Fees' '
Fees
Fees
3,000
'3,50b"
3,500
2,500
3.000
3'.000
3,000
3,000
Fees
5.0110
3.500
Ceara
Maceio
Natal
Victoria
Santos
Jean Zinzen Agt.
Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul
Jorge Vereker Agt.
Charles C. Greene
David Simpson
Joseph W. Merriam
John F. Caples
John C. Morong Agt.
William Taylor Agl.
Moritz Braun Agt.
JohnO. Smith Agt.
Anson B. Johnson
Brazil
Rhode Isla
Chile
Massachusc
Oregon
ad.'.!!!!!!!!!'.!!
sits . . ! !
CHILE Antofagasta
Arica
Iquique
Valparaiso
Chile
Chile
Chile .
Chile
Colorado..
Pennsylva
Massachus
New York
Delaware..
iia ... "!!!!!!
Panta Arenas
Talcahuano
CHINA-Amoy
Canton
.._....,.
Chefoo
John Fowler
William Martin
etts
Chinkiang,
Chungking
Fuchau
Hankow
George F. Smithers. . .
Samuel L. Gracey
LeviS. Wilcoi
J. J F. Bandlnel
Massachus
Illinois....
China.
etts
Shanghai
John Goodnow
J. W. Ragsdale
Minnesota
California
Tientsin
162 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from.
Salary.
COLOMBIA
Barranquilla
W. 1. Shaw
T. V. Henriquez Agt.
Gerardo M. Danies. ..Agt.
J.C. McNally
Justave Volkman Agt.
?. Tillinghast, Jr Agt.
Henry Hallam Agt.
'ennsylvania
Colombia
Colombia
Pennsylvania
Colombia :
Washington,
"olombia
Maryland
Virginia
Colombia
$2.000
'2',666"
Fees
3,000
Santa Marta
Bogota
Kaf ael Madrigal
William W. Cobbs
3avid R. Hand Agt .
Bocas delToro
Medellin
Fees
4.000
2,000
Panama
COSTA RICA San Jose
JohnC. Caldwell
iansas
Max Diermissen Agt.
J. C. Ingersoll
Costa Rica
Illinois
DENMARK AND DOMINIONS-
Dyref jord, Iceland.
N. Chr. Gram Agt.
Alfred Christenson..Agt.
.celand
Denmark
St Thomas W I
Mahlon Van Home
Jhode Island
2,500
And'w J. Blackwood.Agt.
William F. Moore. . . .Agt.
Thomas Simpson
West Indies
West Indies
Rhode Island
Fees
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Dominican Republic
Samana
JeanM. Villain
C L Maxwell
Dominican Republic
OMo
Fees
1,500
Azua
John Hardy Agt.
Edward C. Reed Agt.
Jose A. Puente Agt.
Perry M. De Leon
Zephyr Constantino. Agt.
Ferdinand Servat Agt.
Pedro A. Moreira Agt.
Charles T. Grellet.
E. L. G. Milsom Agt.
Antoine Felix Garbe.Agt.
Benj. A. Courcelle. . . Agt.
Albion W. Tourgee
J.Morris Post Agt.
J. B. Milner
William Hale Agt.
Massachusetts
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Georgia
Ecuador
3,000
ECUADOR
Esmeraldas
Ecuador
Ecuador
California
Fees
"3,666"
Fees
1 FRANCE AND DOMINIONS
Beni-saf
Algeria ,
Algeria
Algeria
New York
New York..
Indiana
Bone
Bordeaux
Pau
Calais
North Carolina
Goree-Dakar, Africa
Grenoble
Peter Strickland
G. B. Anderson
Connecticut
Fees
1.500
1 '00
District of Columbia
Illinois
Alexander M. Thackara.
H. J. E. Hainneville. Agt
Henry M. Hardy Agt
Ernest Folliard Agt
Pennsylvania
3,500
France
Honfleur
France
France
St Malo . .
Raymond Moulton...Agt
La Rochelle
Geo. H. Jackson
Walter T. Griffin
Connecticut
New York
"1.506"
2.500
'2,566"
Lyons
Dijon
John C. Covert
Ernest Bourette Agt
R. P. Skinnar
Ohio
France
Ohio
Bastia
Simon Damiani Agt
L. S. Nahmens Agt
Louis J. B. Jouve ....Agt
G.L.Darte
Corsica
France
France
Cette
Martinique, W. I
Pennsylvania
Ohio
1,500
1,000
Angers
Brest
L'Orient
Jules H. Luneau Agt
A.Pitel Agt
L. Deprez
France
France
Nice. .
Harold ST. Van Buren
Philip T. Riddett. ...Agt
Ange Clericy Agt
Emile de Loth Agt
PaulE. Wolff
John K. Gowdy
1,500
Cannes
France
France
Monaco
Monaco
Noumea.New Caledonia
Paris
New Jersey
Fees
5.000
2,000
2,666' '
Rheims
Troyes
W. J. Prickett
Gaston Ballet Agt
William P. Atwell
Hans Dietlker Agt
Benjamin Morel Agt
C. Dubois Gregoire. .Apl
Horatio R. Bigelow
Raoul le Bourgeois... Agt.
Egward Sehneegans
R. Burton Dinzey
France
District of Columbia
France
France
Roubaix
Dunkirk
Lille
Rouen..
Dieppe
Pennsylvania
1 France
Saigon
I Pennsylvania
Fees
' Fees'
Fees
Saigon, Cochin China
St. Bartholomew, W. I
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. 163
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from.
Salary.
St. Etienne
St Pierre. Miquelon
Hilary S. Brunot
C. M. Freeman
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire
82,000
Fees
1,000
2,000
Fees
2.500
2,500
Tamatave, Madagascar
Tunis, Africa
M. W.Gibbs
Alfred Chapelie
F. M. Brundage
J. F. Winter
Arkansas
Tunis
Pennsylvania
Illinois
GERMANY
Aix-la-Chapelle
Elbenstock
Bamberg
E. L. Harris
Louis Stern
Illinois
1,500
3,000
4,000
"2,066"
"i'.EOO"
2.100
2500
2,000
2,000
2.000
8,000
2,000
"3,666"
i',50)' '
2.000
2.000
2,500
Illinois ..
Berlin
Guben
Frank Mason
William B. Murphy.. Agt.
Louis Lange, Jr
Ohio
North Carolina
Illinois
Brake and Nordenhamin
Breslau
Brunswick
Chemnitz
Coburg
Cologne
Crefeld
Wilhelm Clemens Agt.
C. W. Erdman
T.J.Albert
James C. Monahan
O.J.Hughes
John A. Barnes
Julian Phelps
Germany
Maryland
Connecticut
Illinois
Dusseldorf
Essen
George P. Pettlt
F. Asthorver, Jr Agt.
Pennsylvania
Germany
Cassel
Langen Schwalbach..
Gusta v C. Kothe Agt .
Ernest Grebert Agt.
B. T Leifleld
Kansas
Germany
Furth .
Charles W Erdman
Glauchau
George Sawter
Hugh Pitcairn
Pennsylvania
Kiel
Jacob Meyer, Jr Agt.
Johann G. F. Starke. Agt.
Wm. K. Anderson
Ritzebuttel and Cuxhaven
Hanover
Kehl
Germany
Michigan
i',566' '
1.500
2,000
Leipsic
B. H. Warner, Jr
Maryland
Magdeburg
Henry W. Diederich
Walter J Hoffman
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
Germany
2,000
1.500
"i',506"
Leopold Blum Agt.
Beni. Nusbaum
G Oberndorf.. Agt.
Munich
Nuremberg
Plauen
Markneukirchen
GustaveC. E. Weber
Thomas W.Peters
Oscar Malmros Agt.
J.E. Kehl..
Philipp Albrecht Agt.
Ohio
District of Columbia
Minnesota
Ohio
Germany
H.OOO
2,500
i',666' '
Stettin
Danzig
Konigsberg
Stuttgart
Weimar
Edward H. Ozmun
Thomas E. Moore
Minnesota
District of Columbia
Illinois
2,500
2.000
1,500
Fees
"u66"
1,500
Zittau .. ...
William K. Herzog
E. S. Cunningham
VittorioCremasche. .Agt.
C. W. Martin...-.
H. M. Hunt
Richard Hannan Agt.
GRKAT BRITAIN AND DO-
MINION8-
Aden, Arabia
Uodeida ,
Arabia
Michigan
Illinois
Amherstburg. Ont
Antigua, W. I
Montserrat
Portsmouth, Dominica
Roseau. Dominica
H. A.Frampton Agt.
Frank Dillingham
Robt. Pitcaithly Agt.
W.G. Neill .....Agt.
Robert Wy les Agt.
Auckland, N. Z
California
2,000
Chrlstchurch
Dunedln
Monganui
Wellington
New Zealand
New Zealand
Barbados, W.I
S. A. Macallister
William Peter Agt.
E. A. Richards Agt.
Delaware
St. Lucia
St. Vincent..:
2,000
Fees
3,000
"i',566"
Fees
St. Vincent
Belfast, Ireland
Ballymena
Londonderry
William W. Touvelle
John G. Ballentine. .Agt.
P. T. Rodger Agt.
F. W. Magahan Agt.
Ohio
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
Belize, Honduras
Belleville. Ont
Deseronto
Napanee
Plcton
Trenton
! Birmingham, England
M. J.Hendrick
Charles A. Milliner.. .Agt.
William Templeton.. Agt.
Jacob F. Berinner Agt.
Stephen J. Young Agt.
Marshall Halstead
New York
Canada
Canada
New York
2,500
1G4 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from.
Salary.
Tames Morton Agt.
England
Redditch.
H. C. Browning Agt.
lohn Neve Apt.
H. J. Smith C
England
England
Fees
' $3,666' '
1,500
Wolverhampton
Karachi
Bradford, England
Bristol. England
A. H. R. Armstrong.. Agt.
Erastus Sheldon Day...C.
Lorin A. Lathrop C.
Arnold Henry Palin.Agt.
India
Connecticut
California
England
2. W. Merriman C.
Wisconsin
1,500
5,000
Robert F. Patterson ... .C.
Charles Findlny Agt .
John Young Agt.
Tennessee
India
India
R. A. Mactaggart Agt.
Henry Scott Agt.
W. J. Davidson Agt.
India
India
India
Madras
Charles Gairdner Agt.
India
New York
Fees
"3.i66"
Campbellton, N. B
Bathurst
Benedict C. Mullins..Agt.
J. G. Stowe C. G.
Wm. A. E. Moore.... A-gt.
William H. Fuller... Aet.
Gardner Williams Agt .
John A. Chabaud Agt.
Daniel T. Phillips C.
William E. Heard. ..Agt.
William Morev
H. Breitenstein Agt.
Delmar J. Vail
Albert Glidden Agt.
A. J. McDonald Agt.
Caleb C. Carlton Agt.
New Brunswick
Missouri...
Cape Town, Africa
Durban, Natal
East London
Ohio
Cape Colony
Kimberley
Cape Colony
Port Elizabeth
Cape Colony
Illinois
Wales
Maine
Ceylon
Vermont
Prince Edward Island...
"2,666"
"i,o66"
"i',566"
Cardiff. Wales
Newport
Ceylon, India
PointdeGalle
Charlottetown, P. E.I
Alberton
Souris
Prince Edward Island...
Chatham , Ont
Clifton, Ont
C. E. Monteith
H. W. Bush
L. H. Collard Agt.
Idaho
New York ...
2,0;
l.oOO
Joel Linsley
John R. Nichols Agt.
HoelS. Beebe Agt.
Chandler Bailey Agt.
B. F. Butterfleld Agt.
Vermont
1.500
Hereford
Lineboro -.
Potton
Stanstead
William Small. .. ...
District of Columbia
Fees
Barrie
A. E. H. Creswicke...Agt.
Jas. M. Knowlson Agt.
Wm. T. Robert son... Agt.
Walter R. Foot Agt.
Daniel Swiney
Owen Sound
Parry Sound
Cork (Queenstown-)
Canada
Canada
Ohio
"2',666"
Waterf ord
Wm. H. Farrell Agt.
J. C McCook
Ireland
Dawson Citv. N. W T
3.000
3.000
2.000
"2',566"
"2.666"
"2.566"
Fees
"i'.soo"
1,000
'"1.566"
3,000
i'.566' '
Demerara, Guiana ;...
G. H. Moulton
J. Wilbour
Colorado
Athlone
Limerick
John Burgess Agt.
Edmund Ludlow Agt.
John C. Higgins
Ireland
Ireland
Dundee, Scotland
Aberdeen
Andrew Murray Agt.
John N. McCunn
Andrew Innes Agt.
R. Fleming.."
Howard Fox
John Banfleld, Jr ...Agt.
Ossian Bedell
AlmarF. Dickson
Daniel Bisson Agt.
Horatio J. Sprague
Samuel M. Taylor
James A. Love Agt.
Peter H. Waddell. .. Agt.
Kobert S Chilton
Scotland
Wisconsin
Scotland
Ohio
Dunfermline, Scotland
Kirkcaldy
Ed inburgh
Falmouth, England
Kngland
New York
Massachusetts
Canada
M assachusetts
Ohio
Scotland
Scotland
District of Columbia
Fort Erie, Ont
Gaspe Basin, Que
Paspebiac
Gibraltar, Spain
Glasgow, Scotland
Greenock
Troon
Goderich, Ont. .
Clinton
Guelph, Ont
Halifax, X. S
A. O. Pattison Agt.
Charles N. Daiy
New Jersey
1.500
3,500
William H. Owen. . . .Agt.
Jason M. Mack Agt.
Daniel M. Owen Agt.
W.M.Greene
James M. Shepard
Frank B. Pollard Agt.
W H Wilson
Liverpool
Nova Scotia
Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton, Ont
2.000
2.000
Michigan
Illinois
Illinois
Gait
Paris.
Hobart, Tasmania
Wm. W. Hume Agt.
Alexander G. Webster
Lindsay Tullock Agt.
Rounsevelle Wildman...
Fees
Hongkong. China
California
6,666
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. 165
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. COXTINtHED.
PLACE.
JVffme.
Appointed from.
Salary
Huddersfleld, England
B. F. Stone
Ohio
$2.500
1,500
3,000
Hull, England
William P. Smyth
Louis A. Dent
Missouri
District of Columbia
Black River
C. N. Farquharson. ..Agt.
Charles A. Nunes Agt.
G. L. P. CorinaMl....Agt.
L. D. Baker, Jr Agt.
Montego Bay
Port Morant
Jamaica
Jamaica
R. R. Baker
Maryland
St. Ann's Bay
R. W.Harris Agt.
Ch. S. Farquharson . . Agt.
Marshall H. Twitchell . . . .
E. E. Abbott Agt.
Lewis Dexter
James Boyle
Jamaica
Kingston, Ont
1,500
Gananoque
Leeds, England
Canada. . .-
Rhode Island
Ohio
2.000
5.100
Liverpool, England
Holy head
St. Helen's
Richard D. Roberts. .Agt.
London, England
William M. Osborne
F. W. Prescott Agt.
H. S. Culvert
M ussachusatts
England
Ohio
5,000
"l'.5i6"
1,500
3,000
4,500
Dover
London, Ont
Malta (island)
J. H. Grout, Jr
William F. Grinnell ..
Massachusetts
Melbourne, Australia
John P. Bray
Charles A. Murphy.. Agt.
Frank R. Dyrnes Agt.
Edward Mayhew Agt.
G. Beutelspacher
J ohn L. Bittinger
Thomas Staple ton... Agt.
Alex. Pridham Agt.
W. W. W ark Agt
North Dakota
Adelaide
Albany
Freemantle
Moncton, N. B
Montreal, Que
West Australia
West Australia
Ohio
Missouri
Fees
4,000
Grenvllle
Canada
Morrlsburgh, Ont
John E. Hamilton
David A. Flack Agt.
Thomas J. McLain
Kentucky
Canada
Ohio
1,500
"2,666"
Cornwall
Nassau
Albert Town
N. E. B. Munro Agt.
Governor's Harbor
Green Turtle Cay
Abner W. Griffin Agt.
Edward W. Bethel.. .Agt.
Daniel D. Sargent.. ..Agt.
Horace W. Metcalf
J. Hewetson Brown. .Agt.
Hans C. Nielsen Agt.
Bahamas
Bahamas
Newcastle-on-Tyne, England...
Carl isle
Maine
England
England
2,000
Hartlepool
Newcastle, N. S W...
F. W. Goding .
Illinois
Fees
Brisbane
Wm. J. Weatherill. ..Agt.
John H. Rogers Agt.
Queensland
Nottingham, England
Derby
Leicester
Orillia, Ont
AsaD. Dickinson
Chas. K. Eddowes....Agt.
S. S. Partridge Agt.
K. A. Wakefleld
Daniel J.McKeown.. Agt.
Charles E. Turner
C. H. Sawyer
Loton S. Hunt
New York
2,500
England
Maine
"Fees"
North Bay. Nipissing
Ottawa, Ont
Arn prior ;
Connecticut
Connecticut
3,000
Fees
J.H. Tibeando Agt
John Nlcoll Agt.
Canada
Joseph G. Stephens
Indiana
Fees
.1 asper Bartlett. . . . Agt
Guernsey
Jersey
William Carey Agi.
E. B. Renouf Agt.
N. R. Sawyer
Harry P.D111
Frank J.Bell Agt.
John P. Campbell
Geo. B. Killmaster
Neal McMillan
Jersey...'
Pennsylvania
Maine
Canada
California
Fee's
1,500
"2,666'
Fees
1.500
1,500
1,500
2,000
Fees
Fees
Port Hope, Ont
Port Louis, Mauritius
Port Rowan, Ont
Port Sarnia, Ontr.
Michigan
Port Stanley tf I
Prescott, Ont
Quebec
Rimouski, Quebec
St Christopher W I
Grenville James
Wm. W. Henry
C. A. Boardman
New York
Vermont
Maine
Nevis
Charles C. Greaves . .Agt.
St Christopher
Fees
1,500
Fees
"2,666"
St. Helena '(island
R. P. Pooley
New York
St. Hyacin the, Que
Sore!
J. M. Anthier
Isaie Sylvestre Agt.
Arthurs. Newell. ...Agt.
Ira B. Myers
John I. Alexander... Agt.
James T. Sharkey Agt.
William A. Fraser. ..Agt.
Rhode Island
Canada
Canada
Waterloo
St. John, N. B
Campobello Island
Fredericton
Grand Manan
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
166 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from,.
Salary.
St. George
St. John's, N F
Charles C Ludgate. . Agt.
Martin J. Carter
New Brunswick
Pennsylvania
New York
9 1.500
1.500
Farnham
William L. Hibbard.. Agt.
Quebec
Lacolle
Henry Hoyle Agt.
Charles A. McCullough...
George H. Stickney..Agt.
M. J. Burke
G. W.Shotts
Tames Johnston
Robert D. Maddison.Agt.
Paul Lang
Charles C. Bailey.... Agt.
Quebec
Maine
New Brunswick
Illinois
Michigan
New Jersey
England .
"V,566"
2.666' '
Fees
2.500
St. Stephen, N. B
St. Andrew
St. Thomas. Ont
Sault Ste. Marie. Ont
Sheffield, England
New Hampshire
Quebec
2,000
Cookshire
Megantic
Sierra Leone. Africa
Singapore, S. S
M. P.Townsend Agt.
J.T Williams
E. Spencer Pratt
Otto Schule . -Agt
Maryland
North Carolina
"i'666"
3.000
Alabama
J E Hopley
Ohio
2.500
Stanbridge, Que ,. . . .
Henry A. Burt
Vermont
Fees
Edmund Macomber, . Agt.
William A. Reynolds.Agt.
James E. Ireland Agt.
A.G.Seyfert
Button
Stratford, Ont
Quebec
West Virginia
' T,506"
Fees
2,500
"i",566"
Fiji
Griffith W. Frees
Llanelly
W. Bowen Agt.
G. S. Kelway Agt.
George N. West
Rupert Cunningham. Agt.
Peter Campbell Agt
Alfred W.Hart Agt.
John R. Davies Agt.
Alexander Bain Agt.
Conrad W. Morris... Agt.
George W. Bell
Wales
Wales ..
District of Columbia
Sydney,N. S
Arichat
Cape Canso
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Pictou
PortHawksbury & Mulgrave..
Pugwash and Wallace
Sydney NSW
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Washington
New South Wales
"2.666"
Three Rivers, Que
Urbain J. Ledoux
Maine
1,500
Toronto, Ont
\VilliamL. Sewell
W. P. Stericker Agt.
Ohio
2.000
Trinidad, W. I
AlvinSmith
Ohio
2,000
Grenada
P. J. Dean Agt.
Scarborough
Tunstall, England
Edward Keens Agt.
Tobago
Illinois . ...
2.500
Fees
Turks Island, W. I. ...
H H Ellis
Cleophas H. DunhamAgt.
Daniel F. Harriott. . .Agt.
L. Edwin Dudley
Salt Cay
Turks Island
Fees
"2,506"
Rossland
Union
F. R. Blochberger Agt.
George W. Clinton. . .Agt.
Oregon
British Columbia
Illinois
Victoria B C
J. S. Gibbon Agt.
Nanaimo
G. S. Shetky '...
New York
Wallaceburgh.Ont
Isaac G. Worden
Michigan
1.500
1,000
Windsor, N. S
Cornwallis
J.T.Hoke
Fenwick W. Rand. . . .Agt.
John G. Burgess Agt.
David A. Huntley Agt.
William Moffat Aut.
West Virginia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Windsor. Ont. . .
Julius G. Lay
District of Columbia
1,500
1,500
Winnipeg, Man
Delorame
W. H. N. Graham
Albert M. Herron Agt.
Duncan McArthur...Agt.
C. W. Jarvls Agt.
Manitoba
Manitob^
Fort William, Ont
Ontario
Enoch Winkler Ant.
Thomas Curry Agt.
W. H. Dorsey Agt.
George E. Frisbie Agt.
Manitoba
Assiniboia
M an i to Da
North Portal, Assiniboia
Rat Portage, Ont
Woodstock N. B
1,500
"i',5ob"
Edmunston
Yarmouth, N.S
J. Adolphe Guy Agi.
Radcliffe H. Ford
Maine
Annapolis
Barrington
Digby
Jacob M. Owen Agt.
T. W. Robertson Agt.
William B. Stewart .Agt
Nova Scotia
Shelburne
T. Howland White.. .Agt.
D. E. MeGinley
Nova Scotia
GREECE Athens
Wisconsin
6,500
"i,m"
Piraeus
Apollo Abbati Agt.
A. C. Yates
Greece
Virginia
Patras
Corfu
Charles E. Hancock. Agt.
Greece
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. 167
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from.
Salary.
Kalaraata
D. A. Pantasopoulos. Agt.
Alfred L. Crowe Agt.
A. M. Beaupre
J. A. C. Kauffman Agt.
Frank C. Dennis Agt.
Samuel Wolf ord
Upton Lorentz Agt.
L. W. Livingston
Greece
Greece
Illinois
' J2,o66" '
GUATEMALA Guatemala
Livingston
Ocos
San Jose cte Guatemala
HAITI Cape Haitien
Cali f ornia
United States
Florida
1,000
Port de Paix
Carl Abegg Agt.
John B. Terres
Haiti....
Haiti
Aux Cayes
Jacmel
Jeremie
Henry E. Roberts Agt.
Jean B. Vital Agt.
L. Treband Rouzier..Agt.
Francis W. Mitchell. Agt.
F. Merantic Agt
Haiti
Haiti
Haiti
Haiti. .
Petit Goave.'
Haiti....
St. Marc....
Charles Miot Agt
Haiti
HAWAII-Honolulu
William Haywood.
District of Columbia ....
New York
4,000
2,000
HONDURAS Tegucigalpa
F. H. Allison
William Heyden Agt.
Louis Bier Agt.
John E Foster Agt.
William E. Alger. ...Agt.
E. E. Dickason Agt.
J. M. Mitchell, Jr Agt.
H. P. Boyce Agt
Ceiba
Louisiana
New York
Massachusetts
Puerto Cortez
San Juancito
San Pedro Sula
Texas
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Truxillo
Utilla
B.Johnston
Iowa
1.000
Bonacca
William Bayly Agt.
William C. Wildt. . . .Agt.
Joseph E. Hayden.
Honduras
Illinois
Ruatan
ITALY
Castellamare dl Stabia.
District of Columbia
Italy
Illinois
Wisconsin
Italy
Iowa
1,500
"i',566"
1,500
"i',566"
"i',5oo"
"1,566"
i',566' '
1,500
Sorrento
Francesco Ciampa...Agt.
Oscar Durante
E. C.Cramer
Carlo Gardini Agt.
James Fletcher
Catania
Florence
Genoa
San Remo
Leghorn
Carrara
Albert Ameglio Agt.
James A. Smith
Ulisse Boccacci Agt.
Charles M. Caughy
Italy
Vermont
Italy
Messina
Reggio, Calabria
Milan
Nicola Siles Agt.
William Jarvis
Italy
New Hampshire
Naples
Bari
A. Homer Byington
Nicholas Schuck Agt.
fomaso del Giudice.Agt.
Dhurch Howe
B\ Crocchiolo Agt.
Francis Ciotta Agt.
Arthur Verderame . . . Agt .
[gnazio Marrone Agt.
Hector de Castro
A. P. Tomassini Agt.
Alphonse Dol Agt.
Bustav Marsanick...Agt.
Connecticut
Italy
Italy
Rod!
Palermo
Nebraska
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
New York
2,000
"3,666"
"i',666"
1,500
3,000
Carini
Girgenti
Licata
Trapani
Rome
Ancona
Cagliari
Ci vita Vecchia
Italy
Italy
Italy
New York
Turin
Venice
J APAN Nagasaki
Tamsui, Formosa
Henry A. Johnson
Chas. B. Harris
James W. Davidson. Agt.
Samuel S. Lyon
John F. Gowey
District of Columbia
Indiana
United States
Osaka and Hiogo (Kobe;
Yokohama
New Jersey
Washington
3.000
4.0UO
7.5(10
4,000
KOREA-Seoul
LIBERI A-Monrovia '....
Horace N. Allen. ..
O.L. W.Smith
George E. Eminsang.Agt.
Ohio
MASK AT -Maskat.. .
Fees
2,000
Fees
"2.566"
2,000
Fees
MEXICO Acapulco
New York
San Benito
Tehuantepec and Sallna Cruz
Chihuahua
Parra 1
Ciudad Juarez
Ciudad Porflrio Diaz
L. R. Brewer Agt.
Jervas Jefferis Agt.
W. W.Mills
James J. Long Agt.
Charles W. Kindrick
C P Snyder
United States
Pennsylvania
Texas
Pennsylvania
Durango ..
W.N.Faulkner
Texas
Fees
Fees
E H. Cheney
New Hampshire
San Jose and Cape St. Lucas. .
Matamoras
Abraham Kurnitzky.Agt.
P.M. Griffith
Mexico
Ohio
1,500
168 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1899.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE.-CoxTJXrED.
PLACE.
JVam.
Appointed from.
Salary
Mier
Henry Vizcayo Agt.
Louis Kaiser
Mexico
Illinois
Fees
$4,000
Mexico
Aguas Calientes
Guadalajara
Andrew D. Barlow
A.M. Raphall Agt.
Edward B. Light. . . .Agt.
Dwight Furness Agt.
J. R. Hardy Agt.
E. von Gehren Agt.
J.K. Pollard
J.F.Darnell
Missouri
New York
Colorado
Mexico
Puebla
Missouri
Texas
Ohio
"i',566"
Monterey
Frank M. Crocker Agt.
Iowa....
R. B. Mahone
Virginia
2.500
1,500
Edward H. Thompson
German Hahn Agt.
M assachusetta
United States
Laguna de Terminos
Saltlllo
Tampico
San Luis Potosi
Tuxpan
Vera Cruz
Coat zacoalcos
C. B. Towle
Samuel E. Magill
J. H. Tarwell
A. B. Jones
William W.Canada
W. S. Linscott
New Hampshire
Fees
2,100
Fees
3,000
Illinois
Nebraska
Indi ana
Kansas
Frontera
Michael Girard Agt.
Mexico
"2,666"
MOROCCO Tangier
Casa Blanca
Laralche
John Cobb Agt.
Harry Carleton Agt.
JohnJ.de Maria Agt.
United States
United States
Mazagan
Morocco
Rabat
Elias Bensaude Agt.
Morocco
Saffl
NETHERLANDS AND DOMIN-
John Rossi Agt.
George J. Corey
Sidney B. Everett
Morocco
Illinois
1,500
1,000
"2,666'
Fees
52,000
Batavia, Java
Massachusetts
Macassar, Celebes
Samarang
Curacao, W. I
Buen Ay re
Karl Auer Agt.
F. W. Beauclerk Agt.
L.B. Smith
Lodewyk C. Boye Agt.
Hinrich J. P. Haacke. ...
Soren Listoe
Peter Smith Agt.
Celebes
Java
Maine
Curacao
Sumatra
Minnesota
Netherlands
Rotterdam
Flushing
Schiedam
St Martin, W. I
Leonard Koot Agt.
Diederic C. Van Romondt
J. G. C. Every .Agt
Netherlands
St. Martin
Fees
NICARAGUA-Managua
Corinto
Chester Donaldson
Henry Palazio Agt.
Charles Holmann Agt.
W. B. Sorsby
New York
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
2,000
"2.666"
"i'.soo"
5.0U)
3.5UO
Bluefields
PARAGUAY Asuncion
M. J. Clancy Agt.
John N. Ruffin
Indiana
Tennessee
PERSIA Teheran
Arthur S. Hardy. ..
New Hampshire
PERU Callao..
William B. Dickey...
Chiclayo
Mollendo
Paita
Alfred Solf Agt.
Enrique Meier Agt.
John F.Hopkins, Jr. Agt.
Edward Gottfried.... Agt.
William Balami Agt.
Thomas C.Jones
J. H.Thieriot
F. J. Tavares Agt.
Peru
Peru..
Peru
Truxillo
Tumbez
Peru
Peru
Kentucky
New York
Portugal
1.500
Fees
PORTUGAL ANDDOMINIONS-
Funchal, Madeira
Lisbon
Loanda, Africa
Frank Weston Agt.
William Stuve Agt
Africa
Setubal
JoaquinT. O : Neil....Agt.
W . Stanley Hollis
W. B. Diepeveen. ...Agt.
James Mclntosh Agt.
Portugal T. . . .
Mozambique, Africa
Massachusetts
Mozambique
Mozambique
1,000
I.o66' '
Fees
Beira
Lorenco Marquez
Flores .
James Mackay Agt.
Joaquin J. Carriozo..Agt.
Henrique de Castro.. Agt.
Azores
Azores
Azores
Cape Verde Islands
San Jorge
Terceira
Brava
Fogo
St. Vincent
ROUMANIA Bucharest
RUSSIA Batum
Joao J. Nunes Agt.
C. J. Barbosa Agt.
J. B. Guimaraes Agt.
W.G. Boxshall
James C. Chambers
Cape Verde islands
Roumania
6,066" '
Fee
Fees
New York
Abo
Wiborg
Victor Forsellus Agt.
C, tdwin Ekstrom...Agt.
Russia
Russia
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. 160
UNITED STATES CONSULAR PERVICE.-COXTIXUED.
PLACE.
Namt.
Appointed from.
Salary.
Fees
$2,000
Fees'
3,000
KostotT and Taganrog
Wm. R. Martin. Act'g Agt.
Niels P A Bornholdt
Russia
William R. Hollo way
Peter Wlgius Agt.
Hugo Smit Agt.
Edmund Von Glenn. Agt.
R. T. Greener
Cronstactt
Russia
Russia
Revel
Vladi vostock
2.500
Fees
2,000
"3.666"
6.500
5,000
2,000
Fees
2,000
1,500
SALVADOR San Salvador
Acajutla
LaLibertad
La Union
SAMOA-Apla
SERVIA-Belgrade
SI AM-Bangkok
SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC-
John Jenkins
F.W.Melville Agt.
A. Cooper Agt.
John B. Courtade Agt.
Luther W . Osborn
ElieLltzlkas
H.King
Nebraska
Salvador
Salvador
Salvador
Nebraska
Servia
Michigan
Ohio
SPAIN AND DOMINIONS
Perrv Glasscock
Indiana
Barcelona
Bilbao
Herbert W. Bowen
Gijon
Theodor Mertens Agt.
Spain
San Feliu de Gulxols
Jose Sibils Agt.
Julian de Salazar Agt.
Faustino Adriozola. .Agt.
Spain
Spain
Spain
Jose Hodar Agt.
J. H. Carroll
Spain
Spain
"i',566"
Cadiz
JohnR.Catlln Agt.
Spain
Jeres da la Fontera
Port St. Mary's
George M. Daniels... Agt.
Samuel B. Caldwell. .Agt.
G. Bulle
Spain ,
New York
New York
"V,5o6"
Fees
2,500
Seville
Cardenas, Cuba
Carthagena ,
Cienfuegcs.Cuba
Trinidad de Cuba
W.T.Fee
Ohio
United States
New York
Fees
Fees
6,000
Fees
1,500
Carril
Rogelio Ferrelros Agt.
Placldo Castro Agt.
Enrique Mulder Agt.
Joaquin Muniz Agt.
Spain
Spain
S am
Spain
Concubior.
Vigo
Vivero
Havana. Cuba
Madrid
Ignacio F. Hernandez
Richard M. Bartleman...
KranklinC. Bevan...Agt.
Miguel Calzado Agt.
O. F. Williams
G. E. A. Cadell Agt.
H. D. Baylor
Jose H. Beola Agt.
Walter B. Barker
Spain
Massachusetts
Port of Marbella
Spain
New York
"2.666"
"iW)66"
"2,666"
2.000
Manila, Philippine islands
Cebu
Matanzas, Cuba
Gibara
Sagua la Grande, Cuba
Cuba
Mississippi
San Juan, P. R
Philip C. Hanna:
Aguadilla
Areci bo . .
Fajardo
Aug. Ganslandt Agt.
J. B. Carrion Agt.
J. B. Arieas Agt.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Guayama
J. C. McCormick Agt.
Manuel Badnena Agt.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Ponce
Viequez
Felix W. Preston Agt.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
San Juan delos Remedies, Cuba
Fees
2,500
Pulaskl F. Hyatt .
Guantanamo
Paul Brooks Agt.
W. Stakeman Agt.
Walter Volgt Agt.
Thomas Miller Agt.
John G. Topham Ajft.
Victor E. Nelson
Richard Killengren..Agt.
Cuba
Cuba
Cuba
Manzanillo
Santa Cruz
Grand CanaryfCanary islands)
Lanzarotte (Canary islands)..
SWEDEN AND NORWAY
Bergen. Norway
Tromso
Canary islands
California
Norway
Fees
170 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. CONTINUED.
PLACE.
Name.
Appointed from .
Safari/.
Christlania. Norway
Henry Borde wich
Christian Eyde Agt.
Berne Reinhardt Agt.
R.S.S.Bergh
Lars Virgin Agt.
Peter M. Flensburg. .Agt.
Edward W. Winslow
H. H. Morgan
Minnesota
Norway
$1,000
Arendal
Christiansand
GothenbuiB. Sweden
North Dakota
1,500
i',566' '
Sweden
Sweden
Illinois
Malmo
SWITZERLAND Aranu....
Basle
Louisiana
3,000
Fees
1,500
"3,666"
2.000
Chaux-de-Fonds
Berne
J. K.Scott Agt.
A. L. Frankenthal
Benjamin H. Ridgely
William Cuenod Agt.
J.T. Dubois
Adam Lieberknecht
Heinrich Langsdorf ..Agt.
L. W.Osborn
Illinois
Massachusetts
Kentucky
Switzerland
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Geneva
Vevey
St Gall
Zurich.
Wlnterthur
TONGA-Nukualof a
TURKEY AND DOMINIONS
Switzerland
Nebraska
1,500
Frederick Poche Agt,
Richard Vlterbo Agt.
E. J. Banks
James Hamilton Agt.
G. B. Ravndal
Nasif Meshaka Agt.
Gottlieb Schumacher Agt.
Thomas 8. Harrison
James Hewat Agt.
B. W. Khayat Agt.
Syria
Turkey
Bagdad
Virginia
Great Britain
South Dakota
2.666' '
Beirut, Syria
Syria
Syria
Haifa
5,000
Alexandria
Egypt
Egypt
Abdel K.M.elAmmariAgt.
Aly Mourad Agt.
Ibrahim Daoud Agt.
Samuel G. BroadbentAgt.
Alfred W. Haydn. . . .Agt.
Charles M. Dickinson
A. L. Calokerlnos Agt.
Luxor
Egypt
Egypt
Port Said
Suez
Constantinople
Egypt
New York
Crete
"3,666"
Salonica
Erzerum, Armenia
Pericles H. Lazzaro .Agt.
Leo A. Bergholz
Selah Merrill
E. Hardegg Agt.
Mllo A. Jewett
G. C. Stephopoulo ...Agt.
H. Z. Longworth Agt.
James H. Madden
Michael M. Fottion..Agt.
Benjamin D. Manton
Albert W. Swalm
John G. Hufnagel
Turkey
New York
"2.666"
2,500
i'.566' '
"2,566"
Fees
3X00
Fees
1,500
Jerusalem, Syria
Yaf a
Syria
Sivaa
Samsoun
Turkey
Turkey
Illinois
Trebizonde
Smyrna
Turkey,
Rhode Island
Iowa
Maryland
URUGUAY Colonia
Montevideo
Paysandu
VENEZUELA La Guayra
Barcelona
Ignacio H. Baiz Agt.
Frederick De Sola . . .Agt.
Juan A. Orsini Agt.
Robert Henderson... Agt.
Jose G. N. Romberg. Agt.
Eugene H. Plumacher
Joslah L. Senior Agt.
Alexander Boue Agt.
W. J.N.Muche
Venezuela
United States
Caracas
Carupano
Cludad Bolivar
Cumana
Maracaibo
Coro
Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela
Tennessee
Venezuela
Venezuela
Germany
"2.666"
Tovar
Valera
Puerto Cabello
Valencia
ZANZIBAR Zanzibar. . ,
L. T. Ellsworth
T. H. Grosewisch Agt.
J. C. Billheimer
Ohio*
1500
2,000
FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
COUNTRIES. Name. Rank.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Dr. M
Senor
Col. B
artin G. Merou E. E. and M. P.
Antonio del Viso Secretary of Legation.
.. A. Day Military Attache.
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE. 171
FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.-CONTINUED.
COUNTRY
Name.
Rank.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
BELGIUM
E. E. and M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
Naval Attache.
E. E. and M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
Counselor of Legation.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. and M. P.
First Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
First Secretary.
Second Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
First Secretary.
Secretary.
Secretary.
Interpreter.
E. E. and M. P.
Counselor, First Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. and M. P.
Charge d' Affaires.
K. E. and M. P.
A. E. and P.
First Secretary.
Military Attache.
Chancellor.
A. E. and P.
Counselor, First Secretary
Second Secretaiy.
Attache.
A. E. and P.
Secretary of Embassy.
Second Secretary.
Second Secretary.
Attache.
E. E. & M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. and M.P.
Secretary Legation.
Secretary.
E. E. andM. P.
First Secretary.
Secretary of Legation.
Counselor of Legation.
E. E. and M. P.
Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
First Sec.andCharge d' Affaires
Second Secretary.
Second Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. aq*M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
E. E. andM. P.
A. E. and P.
First Secretary.
Second Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
E. E. and M. P.
First Secretary.
Third Secretary.
Attache.
Attache.
Military Attache.
Naval Attache.
First Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
Charge d' Affaires.
Sec. Leg. and Charge d'Affaires.
E. E. and M. P.
First Secretary.
E. E. and M. P.
Secretary of Legation.
Baron F R. Von Riedenau
Ijieut.-Comdr. J. Rodler
Count G. de Lichterveld
BOLIVIA
Baron R. Nothomb
Mr. Maurice Joostens
Senor Luis Paz
Mr. J. F. de Assis Brasil
1 BliAZIL
CHILE ... ..
Senhor Manoel de O. Lima
Senor Don Carlos M. Vicuna
CHINA
Senor Don Elis doro Infante
Mr. Wu Ting-fang
COLOMBIA
Mr. Shou Ting
Mr. Chow Tsz-chl
Mr. Chung Mun-yew
Senor Don Jose M. Hurtado
COSTARICA
DENMARK
Senor Don Joaquin B. Calvo
Mr. Constantin Brun. .
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC..
ECUADOR
Senor Don A. W. y Gill
Senor Don L. F. Carbo
FRANCE
Mr. J. Cambon
GERMANY
Mr. E. Thiebaut
Mr. Jules Bceufve
Herr von Hollenben
GREAT BRITAIN
GREATER REP. OF C. A.
GUATEMALA
HAITI
V. S. von Sternburg
Lt. Count von Gatzen
Sir J. Pauncefote,G.C.B.,G.C.M.G.
Mr. C. F. F. Adam
Mr. Hugh J. O'Belrne
Mr. Geo. Young
>enor Don A. L. Arriaga
ITALY
Baron de Fava
JAPAN
Count Vinci
Senor C. Romano
KOREA
Mr. T. J. Nakagawa
Mr. Durham W. Stevens
MEXICO
Mr. Bong Sun Pak
Senor Don Mat las Romero
NETHERLANDS. . ..
Senor Don Jose F. Godoy
Senor Don Luis G. Pardo
Senor Don Enrique Santibanez
Mr. G.de Weckherlin
PERU
Don Victor Equiquren
PORTUGAL.
Don Manuel Elguera
RUSSIA .
SIAM...
Mr. de Wollant
Mr. Alex. Zelenoy
Phy a Visuddha
SPAIN
SWEDEN AND NORWAY
SWITZERLAND
Mr. A. Grip.
Mr. N. J. Knagenhjelm
Mr. J.B. Pioda. ...".
TURKEY
VENEZUELA
Mr. W. Deucher
Ali Fernuh Bey
Erthem Bey
172
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
SttliuicL
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
Chief Justice MELVILLE W. FULLER, Illinois, 1888.
Justices Jno.M.Harlan.. Kentucky 1877
Horace Gray Massachusetts 1881
David J. Brewer Kansas lf-89
Henry B. Brown Michigan 1890
Georpre Shiras, Jr
Edward D. White
Uufus W. Peckham. .
Joseph McKenna
..Pennsylvania..
..Louisiana
..New York
..California
....1892
....1894
....1895
...1*8
Clerk J. H. McKenney, D. C
Salaries: Chief Justice, $10.500; Justices, $10,000; Clerk, $6.000.
Marshal J. M. Wright, Kentucky $3,500 I Reporter J. C. B. Davis, New York $4,500
UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS.
FIRST CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice Horace
Gray; rircuit Judges, Le Baron B.Colt, W. L.
Putnam; District Judges, Francis C. Lowell,
Nathan Webb, Arthur L. Brown, Edgar Al-
drich. Clerk J. G. Stetsin. Boston, Mass.
SECOND CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice Ru-
fus W. Peckham; Circuit Judges. William J.
Wallace, B. H. Lacombe, Nathaniel Shipman;
District Judges, Hoyt H. Wheeler. W.K.Town-
send, A. C. Coxe, Edw. B. Thomas. Addison
Brown. Clerk Wm. Parkins. New York city.
THIRD CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice
George Shiras, Jr.; Circuit Judges, M. W.
Acheson, G. M. Dallas: District Judges, Wil-
HamButler, Andrew Kirkpatrick, Joseph Buf-
flngton, Edward G. Bradford. Clerk W. V.
Williamson. Philadelphia.
FOURTH CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Chief Jus-
tice Melville W. Fuller. Chief Justice United
States; Circuit Judges.C. H. Slmonton. Nathan
Goff; District Judges. John J.Jackson. Thomas
R. Purnell. Hamilton G. Ewart, W. H. Braw-
ley, T. J. Morris, Edmund Waddill, Jr., John
Paul. Clerk-H. T. Meloney. Richmond. Va.
FlITH C;RCUIT. Judges-Mr. Justice E. D.
White; Circuit Judges, D. A. Pardee, A. P.
McCormick; District Judges, W. T. Newman.
Emory Speer, Charles Swayne, J. W. Locke,
John Bruce, H. T. Toulmin, H. C. Niles,
Charles Parlange. Aleck Boarman, Edward R.
Meek, D. E.Bryant. T. 8 Maxey. Clerk James
M. McKee. New Orleans, La.
SIXTH CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice John
M. Harlan; Circuit Judges, W. H. Taft. H.
H. Lurton: District Judges. Albert C. Thomp-
son, A. J. Kicks, H. H. Swan, H. F. Severens,
J. W. Barr, E. S. Hammond, C. D. Clark. Clerk
Frank O.Loveland. Cincinnati, O.
SEVENTH CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice H.
B. Brown; Circuit Judges, W. A. Woods, J.
G. Jenkins, J. W. Showalter; District Judges,
P. 8. Grosscup, J. H. Baker. W. J. Allen. W? H.
Seaman, R. Bunn. Clerk Edw. M. Holloway.
Chicago. 111.
EIGHTH CIRCUIT. Judges Mr. Justice D. J.
Brewer; Circuit Judges, H.C. Caldwell, W. H.
Sanborn, A. M. Thayer; District Judges, Wm.
H. Munger. O. P. Shiras. J. S. Woolson, Wm.
Lochren, J. F. Phillips. J. A. Williams, Moses
Hallett, C. G. Foster. J. A. Riner, Elmer B.
Adams, John H. Rogers. Chas. F. Amidon. John
E. Carland, Jno. A. Marshall. Clerk J. D. Jor-
den. St. Louis. Mo.
NINTH CIRCUIT. Judges -Mr.Justice Joseph
McKenna; Circuit Judges, E. M. Ross, William
B. Gilbert. W. W. Morrow; District Judges,
James H. Beatty. J. J. DeHaven. C. P. Belling-
er, T. P. Hawley, O. Wellborn, Hiram Knowles,
C. H. Hanford. Clerk F. D. Monckton. San
Francisco.
CIRCUIT COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Salaries of Circuit Judges, $6,000 each.)
FIRST JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Gray, Boston, Mass. Districts of Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts. Rhode Island.
Circuit Judges -Le Baron B. Colt. Bristol, R. L,
July 5, 1884; W. L.. Putnam, Portland, Me.,
March 17, 1892.
SECOND JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Peckham. Districts of Vermont, Connecticut,
New York. Circuit Judges Wm. J. Wallace,
Albany. N. Y.. April 6, 1882; E. H. Lacombe,
New York, May 2ti, 1887; Nathaniel Shipman,
Hartford, Conn.. March lj)1892.
THIRD JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Shiras, Pittsburg, Pa. Districts of New Jer-
sey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Circuit Judges
Mnrcus W. Acheson, Pittsburg, Pa.. Feb. 3,
1891; George M. Dallas. Philadelphia, Pa.,
March 17, 1892.
FOURTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Chief Jus-
tice Fuller, Washington, D.C. Districts of Mary-
land, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina. Circuit Judges C. H. Si-
monton. Charleston, S. C., Dec. 19, 1893; Na-
than Goff, Clarksburg, W. Va., March 17, 1892.
FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
White. Districts of Georgia. Florida. Ala-
bama, Miss ssippi. Louisiana. Texas. Circuit
Judges Don A. Pardee, New Orleans, La.,
May 13, 1881; A. P. McCormick, Dallas, Tex..
March 17, 1892.
SIXTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Harlan. Districts of Ohio, Michigan. Kentucky,
Tennessee. Circuit Judges W. H. Taft. Cin-
cinnati, O., March 17. 1892; H. H. Lurton, Nash-
ville, Tenn.. March 27. 1893.
SEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Brown, Chicago, 111. Districts of Indiana, Illi-
nois. Wisconsin. Circuit Judges W. A. Woods,
Indianapolis. Ind., March 17.189J; J.G.Jenkins,
Milwaukee. Wis., March 23. 1893; J. W. Showal-
ter. Cnlcago, 111.. March. 1,1895.
EIGHTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice
Brewer, Leaven worth, Kas. Districts of Minne-
sota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming,
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas. Arkansas. Nebraska,
Colorado, Utah. Circuit Judges W.H. Sanborn,
St. Paul. Minn., March 17, 1892; H. C. Caldwell,
Little Rock. Ark., March 4, 1890; Amos M.
Thayer. St. Louis. Mo.. Aug. 9, 1894.
NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT. Mr. Justice Mc-
Kenna. Districts of California, Montana, Wash-
ington, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada. Circuit Judtjes
E. M. Ross, Los Angeles, Cal.. Feb. 2-', 18H5;
W. B. Gilbert. Portland. Ore.. March 18. 18!>;
Wm. W. Morrow, San Francisco, Cal., May 20,
1897.
Judge* Lawrence Weldon. .Illinois 1S33
John Davis Dis. Columbia 188!
UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS.
(Salaries of Judges. $4.500 each.)
Chief Justice C. C. NOTT, New York, 1S65.
S.J.Peelle Indiana 1892
C. B. Howry ..Mississippi 1897
Chief Clerk Archibald Hopkins, Massachusetts, 1873, $3,000.
JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS. 173
JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS.
(Salaries, $5,000 each.)
DISTRICTS.
Name.
Residence.
Date of
commission.
ALABAMA Northern and Middle Dist..
Southern District
ALASKA
John Bruce
Montgomery
Feb. 27,1875
Jan. 13, 1887
July 28, 1897
Sept. 22,1890
Nov. 27, 1896
Nov. 6, 1897
June 8, 1897
Mar. 1,1895
Jan. 12, 1877
Mar. 28, 1892
May 11, 1897
April 22, 1887
May 17, 1889
Feb. 1.1872
Aug. 13.1881
Feb. 18, 1885
May 7, 1891
Dec. 20,1892
April 18,1887
Mar. 29,1892
Mar. 20.1895
May 38,1897
Sept. 30, 1897
July 1, 1897
Aug. 4, 1882
Aug. 14, 1891
Mar. 10,1874
April 16,1880
Jan. 15, 1894
May 18, 1881
Jan. 24, 1882
July 1, 1879
Jan. 10, 1898
Jan. 19, 1891
May 25. 1886
May 18, 1896
Aug. 11.1891
May 17, 1895
June 25. 1888
Feb. 21,189:)
Feb. 18, 1897
Sept. 9, 1890
Feb. 20. 1891
Nov. 20, 1896
Jan. 31,1898
May 4, 1^82
June 2, 1881
Feb. 15, 1898
May 5, 1897
July 13, 1898
Aug. 31,1896
July 1,1889
Sept. 23, 1898
Feb. 16. 1898
April 15, 1893
Feb. 19. 1879
Feb. 23,1892
Oct. 15. 18%
Jan. 18.1894
Aug. 31, 185
Jan. 21. 1895
June 17,1878
May 27, 1890
June 25. 1888
July 13, 1898
Feb. 4, li-96
Mar. 16,1877
Mar. 22, Is'.H
Mar. 3, 1883
Feb. 25, 189(i
Aug. 3, 18(51
April 3. 18!
Oct. 30. 1877
Sept. 22, 1H-JO
H. T. Toulmin
Charles 8. Johnson.
Mobile
Sitka
ARKANSAS Eastern District .
John A. Williams
John H. Rogers
Webster Street
John J. De Haven. . .
Little Rock
Fort Smith
Phoenix
Western District
ARIZONA
CALIFORNIA Northern District
San Francisco
Southern District
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
Olin Wellborn
Moses Hallett
W. K. Townsend
Edward G. Bradford
E. F. Bingham
Charles Swayne
James W. Locke. . . .
Los Angeles
Denver
DELAWARE ... .
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA Northern District
Washington
Pensacola
GEORGIA Northern District
Wm. T. Newman.. .
Atlanta
Macon ....
Southern District
Emory Speer
ID\HO
James H. Beatty
P. S. Grosscup
Wm. J. Allen
John H. Baker
Boise
Chicago
Springfield
ILLINOIS Northern District
Southern District
INDIANA
INDIAN TERRITORY Northern Dist..
Middle District
W. M. Springer
Wm. H. H. Clayton..
Hosea Townsend
John R. Thomas
Oliver P. Shiras
Muscogee
South McAlcster . .
Ardmore
Vinita
Dubuque
Southern District
IOWA Northern District
Southern District
John 8. Woolson
Cassius G. Foster
John W. Barr
Mount Pleasant....
Topeka
Louisville.
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISI AN A Eastern District
Western District
C. Parlange
Aleck Boarman
New Orleans
Shreveport
MAINE
MARYLAND
M ASS ACH USETTS
MICHIGAN Eastern District
Nathan Webb
Thomas J. Morris
Francis C. Lowell .. .
Henry II. Swan
Portland
Baltimore
Boston
Detroit
Western District
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI Two Districts
MISSOURI Eastern District
Henry F. Scverens..
William Lochren
Henry C. Niles
E.B.Adams
Grand Rapids
Minneapolis
Kosciusko
St. Louis
Western District
MONTANA
John F. Philips
Hiram Knowles
Wm. H. Munger
Thomas P. Hawley. .
Edgar Aldrich
Kansas City
Helena
Omaha
NEBRASKA
NEVADA.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Littleton
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
Andrew Kirkpatrick
Wm. J.Mills
Newark
NEW YORK Northern District
Alfred C. Coxe
Utica
New York city
Brooklyn
Eastern District
Edw. B. Thomas
Thomas R. Purnell..
Hamilton G. Ewart .
Charles F. Aniidon..
A. J. Ricks
NORTH CAROLINA Eastern District..
Raleigh .
Hendersonville
Fargo
Cleveland
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO Northern District ,
Southern District
OKLAHOMA
Albert C. Thompson
John H. Burford
Cincinnati
Guthrie
OREGON
Charles B. Bellinger
William Butler
Joseph Buffington. . .
Arthur L. Brown
W. H. Brawley
John E. Garland
Charles D. Clark
Ell S. Hammond
David E. Bryant
Thomas M. Maxey. .
Portland
PENNSYLVANIA Eastern Dist rict
Western District
Philadelphia
Plttsburg
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE-Eastern and Middle Dlsts.
Western District
TEXAS Eastern District
Western District
Providence
Charleston
Sioux Falls
Chat t anooga
Memphis
Sherman
Northern District
UTAH
Edw. R.Meek
Fort Worth
Salt Lake City
Brattleboro
VERMONT
HoytH. Wheeler....
Edmund Waddill.Jr.
John Paul
C. H. Hanford
John J. Jackson
W. H. Seaman
Romanzo Bunn
John A. Riner
VIRGINIA Eastern District
Western District
Richmond
Harrisonburg
Seattle
Parkersburg
Sheboygan
Madison
Cheyenne
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN Eastern District
West ern District
WYOMING
174 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.
DISTRICTS.
Name.
Residence.
ALABAMA Northern District. ..
Birmingham.
Montgomery.
Mobile.
Little Rock.
Fort Smith.
Sitka.
Prescott.
San Francisco.
Los Angeles.
Denver.
Hartford.
Wilmington.
Washington.
Pensacola.
Jacksonville.
Atlanta.
Macon.
Boise.
Chicago.
Springfield.
Indianapolis.
Vinita.
South McAlester
Ardmore.
Cedar Rapids.
Corydon.
Topeka.
Louisville.
New Orleans.
Shreveport.
Portland.
Baltimore.
Boston.
Detroit.
Grand Rapids.
St. Paul.
Oxford.
Vicksburg.
St. Louis.
Kansas City.
Helena.
Lincoln.
Carson City.
Concord.
New Brunswick.
Albuquerque.
Buffalo.
New York city.
Brooklyn,
Raleigh.
Winston.
Fargo.
Cleveland.
Cincinnati.
Guthrie.
Portland.
Philadelphia.
Pittsburg.
Providence.
Charleston.
Sioux Falls.
Knoxville.
Nashville.
Memphis.
Galveston.
Dallas.
San Antonio.
Salt Lake City.
Brattleboro.
Norfolk.
Abingdon.
Seattle.
Charleston.
Oshkosh.
La Crosse.
Cheyenne.
Middle District
Warren S. Reese, Jr
Morris D. Wickersham....
Southern District
ARKANSAS Eastern District
W estern District
ALASKA
ARIZONA
James N. Barnes
Robert A. Friedrich
CAL1FORNI A-Northern District
Southern District
Henry 8. Foote
Frank P Flint
COLORADO
Greeley W. Whitforrt
Charles W. Comstock
Lewis C. Vandergrit't
Henry E. Davis
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA Northern District
Southern District
GEORGIA Northern District
Jos. N. S tripling
Edgar A. Angler
Southern District
IDAHO
ILLINOIS-Northern District
Southern District
Robert V. Cozier
John C. Black
J. Otis Humphrey
INDIANA
INDIAN TERRITORY-Northern District....
Central District
Southern District
lOWA-Northern District.
Southern District
KANSAS
Albert W. Wishard
Pliny L. Soper
John H. Wilkins
William B.Johnson
Horace G. McMillan
Lewis Miles
Isaac E. Lambert
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA Eastern District..
Reuben D. Hill
J. Ward Gnrley, J r
Western District
Milton C Elstner
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN Eastern District
John C.Rose
Boyd B. Jones
William D.Gordon
Western District
MINNESOTA
George G. Covell
MISSISSIPPI Northern District
Mack A.Montgomery
Albert M. Lea
Southern District
M 1 SSOURI- Eastern District
Edward A. Rozler
Western District
William Warner . .
MONTANA
William B Rodgers
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
Charles J. Hamblett
J. Kearny Rice
William B. Childers
Emory P. Close
Henry L. Burnett
George H. Pettit
Claude M. Bernard
Alfred E. Holton
Patrick H. Rourke
Samuel D. Dodge
William E Bundy
NEW YORK Northern District
Southern District
Eastern District
NORTH CAROLlNA-Eastern District
Western District
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO Northern District
Southern District
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA -Eastern District
Samuel L. Overstreet
JohnH. Hall
Western District
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA...,
Daniel B. Heiner
Charles A. Wilson
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE Eastern District.
James D. Elliott
William D Wright
Middle District
Western District
Abram M. Tlllman
(ieorge Randolph
Sinclair Taliaferro..
William H. Atwell
TEXAS Eastern District
Northern District
Western District
UTAH
VERMONT .
Henry Terrell
Charles O. Whlttemore. . .
VIRGINIA Eastern District
Western District
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA.
William H. White
Thomas M. Alderson
W. R.Gay
W ISCONS1N Eastern District
Milton C. Phillips.
Western District
WYOMING
David F. Jones
Timothy F. Burke
UNITED STATES MARSHALS. 175
UNITED STATES MARSHALS.
DISTRICTS.
Name.
Residence.
ALABAMA Northern District.. . .
Middle District
Southern District
D. N. Cooper
L,eander J. Bryan
Frank Simmons
Birmingham.
Montgomery. .
Mobile.
Little Rock.
Fort Smith.
Sitka.
Tucson.
$an Francisco.
Los Angeles.
Denver.
New Haven.
Wilmington,
Washington.
Pensacola.
Jacksonville.
Atlanta.
Macon.
Boise City.
Chicago.
Springfield.
Indianapolis.
Muscogee.
South McAlester.
Ardmore.
Dubuque
Des Moines.
Topeka.
Louisville.
New Orleans.
Shreveport
Portland.
Baltimore.
Boston.
Detroit.
Grand Rapids.
St. Paul.
Oxford.
Jackson.
St. Louis.
Kansas City.
Helena.
Omaha.
Carson City.
Concord.
Trenton.
Santa Fe.
Elmira.
New York city.
Brooklyn.
Raleigh.
Greensboro.
Fargo.
Cleveland.
Cincinnati.
Guthrie.
Portland.
Philadelphia.
Pittsburg.
Providence.
Charleston.
Sioux Falls.
Knoxville.
Nashville.
Memphis.
Paris.
Dallas.
San Antonio.
Salt Lake City.
Rutland.
Richmond.
Harrisonburg.
T a com a.
Parkersburg.
Milwaukee.
Madison.
Cheyenne.
ARKANSAS Eastern District
Solomon F. Stahl
ALASKA .... ....
ARIZONA
William M. Griffith
CALIFORNIA Northern District
Southern District. . .
COLORADO..
Senry Z. Osborne
Dewey C. Bailey
CONNECTICUT
Edson S. Bishop
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OK COLUMBIA.
John.C. Short
FLORIDA Northern District . .
Thomas F. McGourin
GEORGIA Northern District...
Walter H. Johnson
Southern District
IDAHO
Frank C. Ramsey
ILLINOIS-Northern District
John C.Ames
Charles P Hitch
INDIANA
Samuel B. Kercheval
INDIAN TERRITORY Noitliorn District
Central District
Southern District
IOWA Northern District
Leo E. Bennett
Jasper P. Grady
lohn S. Hammer
Edward Knott
Geo. M. Christian
KANSAS
KENTUCKY. .
Wm. Edgar Sterne
A. D. James
LOUISIANA Eastern District
Charles Fontelieu
Western District
James M. Martin
MAINE
Hutson B. Saunders
William F. Airey
MARYLAND...
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN Eastern District
Henry W.Swift
William R. Bates
Western District
A. Oren Wheeler
MINNESOTA...
Richard T. O'Connor
Alexander J. Cooke
Frederick W. Collins
Louis C. Bohle
MISSISSIPPI-Northern District
MISSOURI Eastern District
Western District
Edwin R. Durham
MONTANA.
Joseph P. Woolman
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
George H. Thummel
J. F.Emmitt
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Clark Campbell
NEW JERSEY ..
Thomas J. Alcott
NEW MEXICO
Creighton M. Foraker
William R. Compton
William Henkel
NEW YORK Northern District
Eastern District
NORTH CAROLlNA-Eastern District
Western District . . ...
Charles J. Haubert
Henry C. Dockery
las. M. Millikan
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO Northern District :
Matthias A. Smalley
Michael Devanney
C. H.Thompson
Southern District
OKLAHOMA
OREGON.
Zoeth Houser
PENNSYLVANIA Eastern District
James B. Reilly
Western District
Frederick C. Leonard
RHODE ISLAND..
James S. McCabe
SOUTH CAROLINA
Lawson D. Melton
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE Eastern District
Middle District
Edward G. Kennedy
Richard W. Austin
John W. Overall
Western District
Thomas H. Baker
TEXAS-Eastern District
Northern District
John Grant
George H. Green
Western District
George L. Siebrecht
UTAH. .
Glen Miller
VERMONT.
Fred A. Field
VIRGINIA Eastern District
Western District . ...
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
Clarence W. Ide
WISCONSIN Eastern District
Thomas B. Reid
Western District
WYOMING
William H. Canon .-.
Frank A. Hadsell
176 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
The following table gives the capitals, governors, the r salaries and terms of office and data
regarding the state legislatures:
STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
Capitals.
Governors.
Term
Yrs.
Sal-
aries.
Term
expires.
yext ses-
,iou leg-
islature.
Limit
of
ses-
sion.
Alabama
Alaska Territory.
Arizona Territory
Arkansas
California
Colorado .
Montgomery...
Sitka
3 . F. Johnston, D
t.Tohn G Brady. JR. . .
2
4
$3.000
3 000
Nov. 1900
Sept 1901
Nov. 1900
50 days
Phoanlx
Little Rock....
Sacramento
tN.O. Murphy, R ...
D. W.Jones, fa
H.T.Gage, R
C. 8. Thomas, Fus. . .
G. E. Lounsbury. R..
Maj.-Gen.J.F.Wade
E. W. Tnnnell, D....
4
2
4
2
2
4"
2.600
3.000
6,000
5,000
4,000
'2";666
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan'.'isoi
Man. 1901
Jan. 190!
Jan. 1U01
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
jan.'isiui
00 days
60 days
60 days
90 days
None.
None.
Connecticut
Cuba Protect'rate
Delaware
Dlst. of Columbia.
Florida
Hartford
Havana
Dover
Washington. . . .
Tallahassee
Atlanta
Honolulu . ..
W. D. Bloxham, D . .
A. D. Chandler, D. . .
tS. B. Dole
4
2
3,500
3,000
Jan. 1901
Nov. 1900
Apr. 1901
Nov. 1899
fiOdays
50 days
Georgia
Hawaii Colony, . . .
Idaho
Boise City
Springfield
Indianapolis...
DCS Moines. ...
Tahlequah
Topeka
Frankfort
Baton Rouge..
Augusta
Annapolis
Boston
F Stuenenberg. D. . .
J. R. Tanner, R
J. A. Mount, R....
L. M.Shaw, R
tS. H. Mayes, R
W. E.Stanley. R....
W. O.Bradley, R....
M. J. Foster. D
L. Powers, R
Lloyd Lowndes. R...
Roger Wolcott, R...
H.8. Pingree, R
JohnLind, Fit*
A. J . McLaurln, D....
L. V. Stephens, D.. . .
R. B. Smith, Peo
W. J. Poynter, F us...
Reinhold Sadler.F.S.
F. W.Rollins, K.. ..
F. M. Voorhees. R...
tM. A. Otero, R. .
2
4
4
2
4
2
,4
4
2
4
1
2
2
4
4
4
2
4
2
3
2
4
2
2
4
4
4
1
2
2
2
2
5
2
4
4
4
2
4
3,000
6.0UU
5,000
3.000
1,500
3 000
6,500
4,000
2.0JO
4,500
8.000
4.000
5,000
3.500
5.000
5.000
2,500
4000
2.000
li i.OOO
2,600
10,000
3.000
3. COO
8.100
2,000
1.5UO
10.000
3.000
3,500
2,500
4,000
4,000
2,000
1,500
5,000
4,000
2,7UU
5,000
2,5uO
Dec. 1900
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
Dec. 1899
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
fiO days
None.
fiOdays
None.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Indian Territory..
Jan. 1901
Sept.1900
May 1000
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
Jan. 19UO
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 19UO
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 19U1
Jan. 1903
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1902
Jun. 190!
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
May 1901
Jan. 1903
Jan. 1903
May 1899
Dec. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Oct. 1900
Jan. 1902
Jan. 1901
Mar. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Dec. 1900
May 1900
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
Jan. 19uO
Jan. 19U1
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
Jan. 1901
Man. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1900
Man. 191)1
Jan. 1900
Jan. 1901
Jan. 1901
Man. 1900
Man. 1900
Jan. 1900
Man. 1901
Jan. 1900
Nov. 1900
Man. 1901
Man. 1OI
Jan. 1901
Octr 1900
Dec. 1901
Man. 1901
Man. 1901
Man. 1901
Man. 1901
40davs
GO days
fiOdays
None.
90 days
None.
None.
90 days
fiOdays
70 days
KOdays
60 days
t'fl days
None.
None.
60 days
None.
60davs
HO days
None.
HO days
40 days
None.
None.
None.
fiOdays
75 days i
90 days
60 days
None.
90davs
60 days
45 days
None.
40 days |
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetta
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Lansing
St. Paul
Jackson
Jefferson City .
Helena
Lincoln
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
Carson City
Concord
Trenton
Santa Fe
New Hampshire..
New Jersey
New Mexico Ter.
New York
North Carolina...
North Dakota
Ohio .
Albany
Raleigh
Bismarck
Columbus
Guthrie
Salem
T. Roosevelt, R. . . .
D. L. Russell. R. . . .
F. B. Fancher, K
A. 8. Bushnell.K
tCassius M.Barues./i
T. T. Geer, R
Oklahoma Ter
Oregon
Pennsylvania . . .
W. A. Stone, R .
Philippines Pro. .
Puerto Hlco Col-
Manila
San Juan
Newport and
Providence
Columbia
Pierre. ..
Nashville
Austin
Salt Lake City.
Montpelier
Richmond
Maj.-Gen. E. M. Otis.
MaJ.GenJ. R.Brooke
Klisha Dyer R . .
Rhode Island
Booth Carolina...
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
trtah
W. H. Bllerbee, D. ,
Andrew E. Lee, Peo.
B. McMillin, D
J. D. Sayers, D
H. M. Wells, R
E. C. Smith, .R
J. Hoge Tyler, D
J. R. Rogers,!)
Geo. W. Atkinson, R.
E. Scofleld, R .
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Wot Virginia...
Wisconsin
Olympia
Charleston
Wyoming
|
Cheyenne
D. F. Richards, R....
IMenn'a! sessions. tAppolnted by the president. JCalled by the governor. Republican I
! trovoiMTi.'M; democratic puvornors, 14; people's governors, 3; free-silver governor. 1; fusion, 3.
STATES AND TERRITORIES. 177
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
The following table gives valuable historical data as to the states and territories, their area,
population and electoral vote:
STATES AVD
TERRITORIES.
Admit'ed to
the union.
Popula-
tion,
1890.
Area,
Sq.M.
Settled at
Date
By whom.
Rep.
in
eong.
Elec-
toral
vote.
Alabama
Alaska Ter
Arizona Ter
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
CubaProt'ct'ate
Delaware
Dlst. of Colu'bia
Florida
Dec. 14,1819..
tJuly2T, 1868..
tFeb. 24. 1863..
June 15, 1836..
Sept. 9, 1850. .
Aug. 1, 1876...
Jan. 9, 1788...
TAug 13, 1898
1,513,017
36.51.0
69,620
1.128,179
1,208,130
412,198
746,258
1,631 68f
52,250
577.390
113.020
53.850
158,360
103.925
4,990
Mobile
1702
'1526'
1685
1769
1850
1635
French
9
7
2
4
11
......
9
4
6
Ark'nsasPost
San Diego
Near Denver.
Windsor
Spaniards
French
Spaniards. . . .
Puritans
'Dec. 7,1787...
tJuly 16, 1790..
March 3, 1845.
Mnn.2, 1788...
1(8,493
230,392
391.422
1.837.358
109,020
84.385
3,826,351
2.192.404
1,911.896
120.389
1.427.01W
1,858,635
1,118.587
661.086
1.042.390
2.238,943
2,093,889
1,301,826
1.2H9.0UO
2,679,184
132,159
1,058,910
45,761
376,530
1,444,933
153.593
5,997,853
1.617.947
182.719
3,672,316
61,834
813,767
5.258,014
8,U(JO,000
814.UOO
345.506
1,151,149
328.808
1.767.518
2,235,523
207.905
332.422
1.655 930
349.390
762.794
1,680.880
60,705
2,050
70
58.680
59,475
6,7*0
84.800
56,650
36.350
56.025
31.400
82.080
40,400
48.720
33.040
12.210
8.315
58,915
83,365
46,810
69.415
146,00
77,510
110,700
9,305
7,815
122.5*0
49,170
52.250
70,795
41.060
39,030
96,030
45.215
114.000
3,00
1,250
30,570
77,650
42,050
265.780
84,970
9,565
42.450
69.180
. 24,780
56.040
97,&90
Cape Henlo-
1627
1
3
3t. Augustine
Savannah
kaskaskia
Vincennes....
Burlington...
1565
1733
'isii'
1720
1730
1788
Spaniards
English
2
11
....
22
13
11
4
13
'""
24
15
13
Hawaii Ter
Idaho
July7, 1898...
JulyS. 1890...
Dec. 3, 1818...
Dec. 11, 1816..
French
Indiana
French
March 3, 1845.
Jan. k 1861. .
Feb. 4, 1791...
April 8, 1872..
March 3, 1820.
April 28, 1788.
Feb. 6,1788...
Jan. 26, 1837..
May 11, 1858..
Dec. 10, 1817..
March 2. 1821.
Feb. 22, 1889. .
March 1, 1867.
Oct. 13,1864...
June 21, 1788.
Dec. 18, 1787. .
tSept. 9, 1850. .
July 26, 1788..
May 23, 1785..
Feb. 22, 18-<9. .
Nov. 30. 1802..
tMay 2, 1890...
Feb. 14, 1859..
Indian Ter
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Lexington....
Ibervllle
Bristol
St. Marys
Plymouth. ...
Near Detroit.
St. Peter's R..
Natchez
St. Louis
'1765'
1699
1624
1634
1620
1650
1805
1716
1764
1852
From Va
8
11
6
4
6
13
12
7
7
15
1
G
1
2
8
t 1
34
9
1
21
*i
30
10
13
8
6
8
15
14
9
9
17
3
8
3
4
10
"38'
11
3
23
'"4"
32
English
English
Massachusetts. .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Puritans
French
From's'.'c.."!.
French
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Now Mexico Ter
Dover and
Portsmouth
Bergen
Santa Fe
Manhattan Id
Albemarle....
1850
1623
1620
1537
1614
1650
Puritans
Swedes
Spaniards.. ..
Dutch
North Carolina..
North Dakota...
Ohio
Oklahoma Ter...
English
Marietta
Astoria
Delaware R..
1788
'isio'
1682
Americans....
English
Pennsylvania...
Philippines Pro.
Puerto Kico T<.-r
Rhode Island
bouth Carolina..
South Dakota...
Tennessee
Dec. 12, 1787. .
Nov. 28, 18118.
r Aug. 12, 1898.
May 29, 179). .
May 23, 1788. .
Feb. 22. 1889. .
June 1, 17W...
Dec 29 1845
Caparra
Providence...
Port Royal...
Ft. London...
Matagorda B.
Ft. Dummer..
Jamestown...
Astoria
Wheeling
Green Bay....
1510
1636
1670
'1757'
1686
'iitsi'
1607
1810
1774
1670
1867
English
2
7
2
10
13
2
10
2
4
10
1
. 4
9
4
12
15
3
4
12
4
t
12
3
Huguenots...
English . ...
Utah
Jan. 4. 1896...
Feb. 18, 1791
English
Virginia
June 26, 1788..
Feb. 22, 18M. .
Dec.3l,18(S..
March 3, 1847.
July 10, 1890..
English
English
French
1 Washington
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Ratified the constitution. -(Organized as territory. } Delegate. JSignlngof act of union.
^Signing of protocol relinquishing sovereignty. "Yielding sovereignty.
Historians do not all agree as to some of the dates in the above table. The dates given
are from the statistical abstract of the United States published by the government, and are
wi.-ll supported in all disputed cases.
178 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1850 TO 1890.
[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.]
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1800.
Alabama
17
24
22
81
29
41
32
12
43
3
8
10
19
11
25
30
27
6
9
20
21
5
42
a;
4o
S3
18
16
31)
4
as
2
35
23
37
13
7
-10
M
15
34
28
14
44
1,513,017
1,128,179
1,208,130
412,198
746,258
168,493
391,422
1,837,353,
84,385
3,826,a51
2,192,404
1,911,896
1,427,090
1,858,635
1,118,587
661,086
1.042,390
2,238,943
2.093.S89
1,301,828
1.289,1*0
2,679,184
132,159
1,058,910
45,761
376,530
1,444,933
5,997,853
1,617,947
182,719
3,672,316
313.767
5,258,014
345,506
1,151,149
328,808
1,767,518
2,2:55,523
207,905
332,422
1,655,980
349,390
762,794
1,686,880
60,705
17
25
24
85
28
37
34
13
1,262,505
802,525
864,694
194,327
622,700
146,608
269,493
1,542,180
16
26
24
'25'
34
as
12
996,992
484,471
560,247
39,864
537,454
125,015
187,748
1,184,109
13
25
26
964,201
435,450
379,994
34277
12
M
29
771,623
209,897
92,597
Connecticut
24
32
31
11
460.147
112,216
140,424
1,057,286
21
30
31
9
370,792
91,532
87,445
906,185
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
4
6
10
8
22
27
23
7
9
26
18
&
3,077,871
1,978.301
1,624,615
996,096
1,648,690
939,946
648,936
934,943
1,783 0*5
1,636,937
780,773
1,131,597
2,168,380
4
6
11
29
8
21
83
2(1
7
13
28
18
5
2,539,891
1,680,637
1,194,020
364,399
1,321,011
726,915
626,915
780,894
1,457,351
1,184.059
439,706
827,922
1,721,295
4
6
20
88
9
17
22
19
7
16
30
14
8
1,711,951
1,350,428
674,913
107,206
1,155,684
708.002
628,279
687,049
1,231 ,066
749.113
172,023
791,305
1,182,012
11
7
27
851,470
988,416
192,214
Indiana
Kentucky
8
18
16
17
6
20
33
15
13
982.405
517,762
583.169
583,034
994,514
397,654
6,077
606,526
682,044
Maine
Maryland
Minnesota
30
as
31
19
1
15
452,402
62,266
346,991
1,131,116
5,082,871
1,399,750
35
37
31
17
1
14
122,993
42,491
318,300
906,096
4,382,759
1,071,361
35
86
27
21
1
12
28,841
6,857
3fci.073
672,035
3,880,735
992,622
22
19
1
10
317,976
489,555
3,097,394
869,039
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina .. ..
North Dakota
Ohio
3
36
2
33
21
3,198,062
174,768
4,282,891
276,531
995,577
3
36
2
32
22
2,665,2.)6
90,923
3,521,951
217,353
705,606
3
81
2
89
18
2,339,511
52,4ti5
2,90;i,215
174,620
703,708
3
32
2
28
14
1,980,329
13,294
2,311,786
147,545
668,507
Oregon ....
Rhode Island
South Carolina
12
11
1,542,359
1,591,749
9
IS
1,258,520
818,579
10
23
1,109,801
604,215
5
25
1,002,717
212,5'J2
Texas . . .
Utah
Vermont
32
14
332,286
1,512,565
id
10
330,551
1,225,163
28
5
315,098
1,596,318
23
4
314,120 I
1,421,061
Virginia
West Virginia
id
16
618,457
1,315,497
27
15
442,014
1,054,670
Wisconsin.. ..
15
77.>,881
24
305,391
Wyoming
The States
62,116,811
49,371,340
38,155,505
31,218,021
23,067,262
C)
5
36,500
59,620
6
3
1
8
40,440
135.177
177,624
32,610
9
8
1
9,658
14,181
131,700
14,999
6
2
4,837
75,080
District of Columbia.
1
230,392
2
51.6S7
3
120,389
7
4
39,159
119,565
6
2
20.895
91,874
New Mexico
2
4
153,593
61,834
1
93,516
1
61,547
Utah
"5
9
143,963
75,116
20,789
"5'
10
86,786
23,955
9,118
"*'
40,273
11,594
11,380
Wyoming
The Territories
495,439
784,443
402,866
225,300
121,614
The United States
62,779,139
50,155,783
38,558,371
31,443,321
23,191,876
Per cent of gain
24.8
30.08
22.65
35.11
35.83
NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 179
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1840.
[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.]
STATES AND
TEKHITOHIES.
1840.
1830.
1820.
1810.
1800.
1790.
12
X
590,756
97,574
u
27
309,527
30,388
19
2.->
127,901
14,255
California
-
Colorado
'M
20
27
9
309,978
78,085
54,477
691,392
Iti
24
88
10
297,675
76,748
34,730
516,823
14
22
275,*i8
72,749
9
19
261,942
72,674
8
17
251,002
64,273
8
16
237,964
59,OU6
Florida.
Georgia
11
340,985
11
252,433
12
162,686
13
82,548
Idaho
Illinois
14
11)
88
476,183
685,866
43,112
80
13
157,445
343,031
24
18
55,162
147,178
23
21
12,282
24,520
Indiana
20
5,641
6
IS
13
15
8
2J
779,828
352,411
501,793
470,019
737,699
212,267
6
19
12
11
S
88
687,917
215,739
399,455
447,040
610,408
31,639
6
17
12
10
7
20
564,135
152,923
298,269
407.350
523,159
8,765
7
18
14
8
5
24
406,5' ii
76,556
228,705
380,546
472.040
4,762
9
220,955
14
73,677
14
7
5
151,719
341,548
422,845
11
6
4
96,540
319,728
378,787
Massachusetts
Mississippi
IT
Iti
375,651
383,702
22
21
13fi,fi21
140,451
21
a
75,448
66,557
20
22
40,352
20,845
19
8,850
....
New Hampshire . .
82
is
l
7
284,574
373,306
2,428,921
763,419
IS
14
1
5
269,328
320,823
1,9)8,608
737,987
15
13
1
4
244,022
277,426
1,372,111
638,829
If,
12
2
4
214,460
245,562
959,049
555,500
11
ID
3
4
183,858
211,149
589,051
478,103
10
9
5
3
141,885
184,139
340,120
393,751
North Carolina...
Ohio
3
1,519,467
4
937,903
5
581,295
13
230,760
18
45,365
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina...
2
24
11
1,724.033:
108,830
594,398
2
2:i
9
1,348,233
97.199
581,185
3
20
8
1,047,507
83,015
502,741
3
17
6
8l6,69'i
76,931
415,115
3
It
6
602,3(&
69,122
345,591
2
lf>
7
434,373
68,825
249,073
5
829,210
7
681,904
9
422,771
10
261,72"
15
105,602
17
35,691
Texas
21
4
291,948
1,239,797
17
3
280,652
1,211,405
16
2
235,966
1,065,116
15
217,895
974,600
13
1
154,465
880,200
12
1
85,425
747,610
Virginia . ..
Washington
West Virginia
29
30,945
Wyoming
The States
Alaska
17,019,641
12,820,868
9,600,783
^
7,215,858
5,294,390
Dakota
Dist. of Columbia.
Idaho
1
43,712
1
39,834
1
33,039
1
24,023
1
14,093
Indian
Montana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
The Territories
On public ships in
service of U.S.. .
43,712'....
39.834
33,039
24,023
14.093
6,100
5318...
United States.
Per cent, of gain..
17,069.453
12,866.020
9,633,822
7,239.881
5,308,483
3,929,214
33.52
32.51
33.06
36.38
35.10
NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population.
180 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
IMMIGRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES.
Number of immigrants arrived in the United States, by sex and nationality.
(Compiled by the Bureau of Immigration, Treasury Department.)
NATIONALITIES.
1897.
1898.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Austria-Hungary
Bohemia and Moravia -.
947
3,152
6,97h
8,688
490
1,213
l,20fl
11,899
46
41,44<
6S
3,535
962
413
12,436
1,458
2,6M
407
6,331
9T5
110
5,99f
11.549
1,054
539
18
i,oir
2,615
4309
1.954
5,767
10,285
15,025
760
2,085
2,107
22,53!
671
1.181
6,865
5,468
9,661
424
1,204
1,232
9,073
2,26o
40,241
507
3,005
85(
522
15,71(
1,374
2,998
511
5,442
824
139
5.943
9.955
1,100
758
1
1,287
5,55
2,765
7,10
270
742
2,468
12,417
8,233
16,662
694
Galicia and Bukowina
Other Austria .
Hungary
fi,327
270
874
Belgium
Denmark . ....
1,940
1.989
17.072
2,358
58,606
774
4,936
1,716
903
France (including Corsica)
898
10,6*
17,98;
3S2
2,307
912
378
10,314
1,606
1,611
41
6,931
591
42
3,976
16,872
829
3SJ
75
7,999
93
18,365
267
1,93
860
381
11.478
1,233
1,728
66
6,956
422
37
3934
Germany
Greece
Italy
59,431
89(
5,8*2
1,874
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
791
22,7S(
3,0fi6
4,165
44*
13,162
l,56t
152
9,974
28.421
1883
Russia (proper)
27,194
2,607
4,726
677
12,398
1,246
176
9,877
25,128
1,797
1,219
1
Finland
Poland
Spain
Sweden
S witzerland
Turkey in Europe
England.
Ireland
15,176
697
461
Scotland
Wales
870
25
1 Not specified
Total Europe
124,472
91,925
216,397
127,162
90,558
217.720
M exico
42
49
91
39
68
107
Central American States-
Costa Rica
1
1
1
1
Nicaragua
1
1
1
1
1
1
Honduras
Guatemala
Salvador
1
2
1
2
Central America, not specified
2
2
Total Central American States
(i
6
5
5
British Honduras
1
1
2
2
British North America-
Quebec and Ontario
151
i
97
248
8
1
158
12
10
12
38
2
1
196
14
11
12
103
12
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island
British Columbia
12
11
3
7
15
18
91
11
14
1
Newfoundland and Labrador
Cuba
I,9fi8
293
28
3.203
3,334
1,420
40
65
29
3
24
1,S5
255
21
1,529
29
106
1
74
26
2
13
3,553
548
49
4,732
3.363
1,526
41
139
55
5
37
997
145
30
2.651
2.061
2,115
51
115
26
6
38
880
102
9
1,624
10
115
4
44
14
2
10
1,377
247
39
4,275
2.071
2.2SO
55
159
40
8
48
Other West Indies
South Anerica
Turkey in Asia (Arabia and Syria)
China
Japan
Asia, not specified
Australia
Hawaiian Islands
Pacific Islands, not specified
Africa
Grand total
135,107
95,725
2aU,8SJ
135,735
93,498
229,233
MILITARY SOCIETIES.
181
IHilitarg Societies of tfye Hitttefi States.
SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
President-General William Wayne, Pa.
Vice -President- General Wiuslow Warren.
Mass.
Treasurer-General Vacant.
Secretary-General Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner,
LL. D.. of Rhode Island, Garden City, N. Y.
.Assistant Secretary-General Nich. Fish. N. Y.
STATE SOCIETIES.
Massachusetts Organized June 9, 1783; Wins-
low Warren, president.
New York Organized June 9, 1778; William G.
Wood, president. New York city.
Pennsylvania Organized Oct. 4, 1783; Hon.
William Wayne, president, Paoli, Chester
county, Pa.
Jfari/Jand-Organized Nov. 21, 1783.
Rhode Island Organized June 24, 1783; Hon.
Nathaniel Greene, president, Newport, R.I.
New Jersey Organized June 11, 1783; William
8. Stryker, president, Mount Holly, N. J.
Connecticut (revived 1893) George B. Sanford.
acting president.
South Carolina Organized Aug. 29, 1783; James
Simons, president, Charleston, S. C.
Virginia John Cropper, president.
! France Organized at Paris Jan. 7, 1784; rein-
stituted July 1, 1887; Marquis de Rochani-
beau, president, 51 Rue de Naples, Paris.
The historic and patriotic Order of the Cin-
cinnati was founded by the American and
French officers at the cantonments of the
continental army on the Hudson at the close
of hostilities in the war of the revolution for
American independence in May, 1783
In forming the society it was'declared that
"to perpetuate, therefore, as well the remem-
brance of this vast event as the mutual friend-
ships which have been formed under the
pressure of common danger, and. In many in-
stances, cemented by the blood of the parties,
the officers of the American army do hereby,
in the most solemn manner, associate, consti-
tute and combine themselves into one society
of friends, to endure as long as they shall en-
dure, or any of their eldest male posterity,
and in failure thereof the collateral branches
who may be judged worthy of becoming its
supporters and members."
Membership descends to the eldest lineal
male descendant, if judged worthy, and, in
failure of direct male descent, to male descend-
ants through intervening female descendants
The number of living members of the Society
of the Cincinnati, as reported at the triennial
meeting May, 1893, was 499.
SOCIETY OF THE SONS OP THE AMERICAN REVOLTTTION.
[Organized June 29, 1876.]
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Elected April 30, 1898.
President-Oeneral Edwin Shepard Barrett, 15
Broad street. New York city.
Vice-Presidents-General Col. Thos. M. Ander-
son, U. 8. A., Vancouver Barracks, Wash.;
John Whitehead, Morristown, N. J.; James
M. Richardson, Cleveland, O.; Franklin Mur-
phy, Newark, N. J.; Gen. Joseph C. Breckln-
rldge, U. S. A., Washington. D. C.
Secretary-General S. E. Gross. Chicago, 111.
Treasurer-General C. W. Haskius, 30 Broad
street, New York city.
Registrar-General A. Howard Clarke, Wash-
ington city.
Hi.iturian-General E. M. Gallaudct, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Chnplain-General-Rev. Rufus W. Clark, D.D.,
Detroit, Mich.
STATE SOCIETIES AND OFFICERS.
Arizona H. F. Robinson, president. Phoenix.
Arkansas S. W. Williams, president, Little
Hock.
California J. C. Currier, president, San Fran-
cisco.
Colorado 3. F. Tuttle, Jr., president, Denver.
Connecticut Jonathan Trumbull, president,
Norwich.
Delaware Wm. A. La Motte. president, Wil-
mington.
District of Columbia KAw. M. Gallaudct,
LL. D., president, Washington.
Flnriiiit Hon. John C. Avery, president, Pen-
sacola.
France Gen. Horace Porter, president, Paris.
Haivait Peter Cushman Jones, president,
Houolulu.
Illinois 1. S. Blackwplder, president, Chicago.
Indiana Wm. E. English, president, Indian-
apolis.
ImvaG. H. Richardson, president, Belmond.
Kansas George D. Hale, president, Topeka.
Kentucky Geo. D. To-1d. president. Louisville.
Louisiana Marshall J. Smith, president, New
Orleans.
Maine Archie L. Talbot. president, Lewlston.
Maryland? Joseph L. Brent, president, Balti-
more.
Massachusetti F. H. Appleton, president, Bos-
ton.
Michigan Thos. W. Palmer, president, De-
troit.
Minnesota Daniel R. Noyes, president, St.
Paul.
Missouri Gen. Geo. H. Shields, president, St.
Louis.
Montana Arthur J. Craven, president, Hel-
ena.
Nebraska John R.Webster, president, Omaha.
New Hampshire Howard L. Porter, president,
Concord.
New Jersey John Whitehead, president, Mor-
ristown.
New York Chauncey M. Depew, president,
New York city.
Ohio J. w. Richardson, president, Cincinnati.
Oregon Col. Thomas M. Anderson, president,
Vancouver Barracks, Wash.
Pennsylvania W. A. Herron, president, Pitts-
burg.
Rhode Island W. T. C. Wardwell, president,
Providence.
Texas Ira H. Evans, president, Austin.
Utah Eugene Lewis, president. Salt LakeClty.
Vermont Jackson Kiiuball, president, Water-
bury.
Virginia Chas. U. Williams, president, Rich-
mond.
Washington Col. S. W. Scott, president, Seat-
tle.
Wisconsin Geo. H. Noyes, president, Mil-
waukee.
The membership of the society was 9,141 at
the annual mooting in Morristown, N. J., April
SO. 18US.
182
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
SONS OF THE REVOLUTION.
[Organized 1875.]
GENERAL OFFICERS.
General President Hon. John Lee Carroll,
Ellicott City. Md.
Oenertil rice-Presirtoit Garret Dorset Wall
Vroom. Trenton. N. J.
Second General Vice-PresidentJohn Screven,
Savannah. Ga.
General Secretary J ames Mortimer Mont-
gomery, N. Y.
Assistant General Secretary William Hall
Harris, Baltimore. Md.
General Treasurer Richard McCall Cadwala-
der, Philadelphia, Pa.
Assistant General Treasurer Henry Cadle,
Bethany. Mo.
General Chaplain Rt.-Rev. Henry Benjamin
Whippl
eneral R
,
General Registrar Francis Ellingwood Abbot,
Cambridge, Mass.
General Historian Gaillard Hunt, Washing-
ton, D. C.
OFFICERS OF STATE SOCIETIES.
New York President, Frederick Samuel Tall-
madge, New York city; Secretary, Alexan-
der R. Thompson. New York city.
Pennsylvania President, William Wayne,
Paoli; Secretary, Ethan Allen Weaver,
Philadelphia.
District of Columbia President, Rear- Admiral
John Grimes Walker, Washington; Secre-
tary, Henry Greenway Kemp. Washington.
Iowa President, Hon. Samuel Francis Smith,
Davenport; Secretary, Edward Seymour
Hammatt, Davenport.
New Jersey President, S. Meredith Dickinson,
Trenton; Secretary, John Alexander Camp-
bell, Trenton.
Georgia, President. Col. John Screven, Savan-
nah; Secretary, William Harden, Savannah.
Massachusetts President, Clement Kelsey Fay,
Brookljne; Secretary, Henry DexterWarren,
Boston.
Colorado President, John Cromwell Butler,
Denver; Secretary, John Wright Barren,
Denver.
Maryland President, Hon. John Lee Carroll,
Ellicott City; Secretary, RobertClinton Cole,
Baltimore.
Minnesota President, Rukard Hurd, St. Paul;
Secretary, John Townsend, St. Paul.
Ohio President, Achilles Henry Pugh.Cincin-
nati; Secretary, John Ward Bailey, Cincin-
nati.
California President, Holdrldge Ozro Collins,
Los Angeles; Secretary, Arthur Burnett
Benton, Los Angeles.
Connecticut President. Hon. Morgan Gardner
Bulkeley, Hartford; Secretary, Rev. Henry
N. Wayne, New Britain.
New Hampshire President. Rev. Henry Emer-
son Hovey, Portsmouth; Secretary, J. Louis
Harris, Portsmouth.
North Carolina President. Peter Evans Hines,
M. D., Raleigh; Secretary, Marshall DeLan-
cey Haywood, Raleigh.
Illinois President, Horace Kent Tenney,
Chicago; Secretary, Frank Kimball Root,
Chicago.
Missouri President, Rt.-Rev. Daniel Sylvester
Tuttle. D. D., S. T. D., St. Louis; Secretary,
Henry Cadle. Bethany.
Alabama President, James Edward Webb,
Birmingham: Secretary, Thomas McAdory
Owen, Birmingham.
West Virginia President, John Marshall Ha-
gans, Morgantown: Secretary, Alexander
updegraff. Wheeling.
Florida President, George Troup Maxwell,
M. D., Jacksonville; Secretary, Clarence
Sherman Hammatt. Jacksonville.
Tennessee President, Col. J. Van Deventer,
Knoxville; Secretary, Edward R. H. May-
nard, Knoxville.
South Carolina President, Christopher S.
Gadsden, Charleston; Secretary, William
Mosley Fitch, Charleston.
Kentucky President, Lucas Brodhead, Spring
Station; Secretary, Prof. Wilbur R. Smith,
Lexington.
Montana President, Charles H. Benton. Great
Falls; Secretary, Herbert Hughes Matteson,
Great Falls.
Texas President, H. M. Aubery, Sao Antonio,
Secretary, G. Stuart Simons, San Antonio.
Washington President. Rt.-Rev. Wm. Morris
Barker, D. D., Bishop of Olympia; Secretary,
Charles Tallmadge Conover, Seattle.
Virginia President, Hon. James Alston Ca-
bell, Richmond; Secretary, Dr. Charles R.
Robins, Richmond.
Michigan President, John Walter Beardslee.
D. D., Holland; Secretary, Frank Dickinson
Haddock. Holland.
Rhode Island President, William Watts Sher-
man, Newport; Secretary, William G. Ward,
Jr.. Newport.
North Dakota President. Rev. F. M. J. Craft,
Elbow Woods; Secretary, G. H. Phelps,
Fargo.
Indiana President, (not advised of the name
of the president) ; Secretary, Harold Taylor,
Indianapolis.
MILITARY ORDER OF FOREIGN WARS.
[Instituted Dec. 27, 18&4.]
GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL
COMMANDERY.
Commander-General Brevet-Major-General
Alexander Stewart Webb, late if. S. A.
Vice-Commanders-General Rear-Admiral Ban-
croft Gherardi, U. S. N.. New York; Rear- Ad-
miral Richard W. Meade, U. S. N., Pennsyl-
vania ; A. Floyd Delafleld. Connecticut;
James H. Gilbert, Illinois; Horace Davis,
California; Rodney Macdonough, Massa-
chusetts; Lieut. J. H. Bull, Florida; Col. H.
A. Ramsey. Maryland.
Secretary-General James Henry Morgan, New
York.
Treasurer-General Edward S. Sayres. Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Registrar- General Rev. Henry N.Wayne, New
Britain, Conn.
Historian - General Capt. Henry Hobart
Bellas, U. S. A.
Judge- Advocate General Frank Montgomery
Avery.
Chaplain-General Rev. C. Ellis Stevens,
LL. D., D. C. L.
Recorder-General Frederick J. Huntington.
OFFICERS OF STATE COMMANDERIES.
New York David Banks, commander.
Pennsylvania Rev.C. E. Stevens, commander.
Connecticut Morgan G. Buckley, commander.
District of Columbia Admiral J. G. Walker,
U. S. N.. commander.
Ohio Gen. T. J. Wood. U. S. A., commander.
Georgia Capt. J. E. P. Stevens, U. S. A., com-
mander.
Maine Gen. F. Fessenden, U. S. A., com-
mander.
MILITARY SOCIETIES.
1K3
Massachusetts Gen. Z. B. Tower, U. S. A.,
commander.
Maryland Col. H. A. Ramsey, commander.
Mississippi Henry St. L. Capper, commander.
Vermont E. A. Chlttenden, commander.
California E. S. Holden. commander.
Illinois S. K. Gross, commander.
Florida Admiral S. B. Luce, U. S. N., com-
mander.
Tennessee Capt. J. Biddle, U. S. A., com-
mander.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN WARS.
[Founded Jan. 11, 1897.]
GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL
COMMANDERY.
Commander-General Kdward J. Edwards.
Vice-Commanders-Creneriil Gen. J. C. Breck-
inridge, U. 8. A.; Admiral Bancroft Ghe-
rardi, U. S. N.; Senators Henry C. Lodge,
Boies Penrose: Gen. A.Hickenlooper.U S.A.;
Lt.-Gen. J. M. Schofleld, U. 8 A.
Recorder- General Perclval M. Vilas.
Treasurer-General Frank T. Heffelrlger.
Genealogist-General David S. Jordan.
Historian-General William W. Henry.
Registrar-General John W. Griggs.
Chaplain-General Henry C. Potter.
Surgeon-General Myles Standlsh.
OFFICERS OF STATE COMMANDERIES.
Minnesota Philip B. Winston, commander.
SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY .
Governor-General Frederick J. de Peyster,
New York.
Secretary-General Howland Pell. 40 Exchange
place, New York.
Deputy Secretary-General. F. E. Haight, 49
Leonard street. New York.
Treasurer-General Edward Shlppen. Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Deputy Treasurer-General Walter Chandler,
Elizabeth, N. J.
Registrar- General George Norbury Mac-
kenzie, Baltimore, Md.
Historian-General Rev. C. E. Stevens, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
OuiVlain-General Rev. H. B. Whipple, LL. D.,
D. C. L., Faribault, Minn.
Sun/eon- General C. S. Ward, M. D., Bridge-
port, Conn.
GOVERNORS -GENERAL AND SECRETA-
RIES.
New TorkV. 3. de Peyster, New York; David
Banks, Jr.. New York.
Pennsylvania William Wayne, Philadelphia;
Edward Sayres, Philadelphia.
Maryland McHenry Howard,Baltimore; Geo.
N. Mackenzie, Baltimore.
Massachusetts Arthur J. C. Snowden, Boston;
Edward W. McGlennen. Boston.
Connecticut Jas. J.Goodwin, Hartford; Chas.
8. Ward. Bridgeport.
District of Columbia Chas. F. T. Beale, Wash-
ington; Joseph C. Hardie, Washington.
New Jersey Gen.B.B.Grubb.EdgewaterPark;
George E. Koues. Elizabeth.
Virginia Joseph Bryan, Thomas Balling, Jr.,
Richmond.
New Hampshire Henry O. Kent, Lancaster;
Charles L. Parsons, Durham.
Illinois Edmund M. Teall, Chicago; W. K.
Smith, Chicago.
Missouri Horatio N. Spencer, St. Louis; H.
Brinsmade, St. Louis.
Ohio Samuel M. Felton, Cincinnati; Edwin
C. Goshorn, Cincinnati.
Nebraska W. H. Alexander, Omaha; William
F. Smith, Omaha.
Minnesota Henry P. Upham, St. Paul; Capt.
E. C. Bowen, St. Paul.
Kentucky Thomas P. Grant, Louisville; Wil-
liam L. Halsey, Louisville.
California H. O. Collins, Los Angeles; Charles
P. Fenner, Los Angeles.
Colorado Joel F. Vaile, Denver; Clifton F.
Thompson, Denver.
Iowa Judson K. Duning, Dubuque; Horace
G. Torbett, Dubuque.
Georgia John A. G. Carson, Savannah; John
H. Kenzie, Savannah.
Michigan F. T. Sibley, Detroit; Charles A.
DuCharme. Detroit.
Wisconsin W. W. Strong, Robert Camp, Mil-
waukee.
Delaware Thomas F. Bayard (deceased), Wll-
lard H. Porter, Wilmington.
Rhode Island V. M. Francis, Newport; Lewis
F. Burroughs, Providence.
Twenty-four societies; membership, 2.366.
GENERAL SOCIETIES OF THE WAR OF 1812.
President-General John Cadwalader of Penn-
sylvania.
Vice-Presidents-GeneralCol. John Biddle Por-
ter, U. S. V.. Pennsylvania; James Edward
Carr, Maryland; Franklin Thomason Beatty,
M. D., Massachusetts; Col. George Bliss San-
ford. U. 8. A., Connecticut; Orlando W. Al-
drich, Ph. D.. LL. D., D. C. L., Ohio; Charles
Page Bryan, Illinois: Rear- Admiral Francis
Asbury Roe, U. S. N., District of Columbia;
George Comstock Baker, New York; Apple-
ton Morgan, New Jersey.
Secretary- General Capt. Henry Hobart Bel-
las, U. S. A.. Pennsylvania.
Assistant Secretary-GeneralRodney MacDon-
ough, Massachusetts.
Treasurer - General (pro tempore) Charles
Williams.
.Assistant Treasurer-General Marcus Benja-
min, District of Columbia.
Regist rar-General Albert Kimberly Nadel,
M. D., Maryland.
Surgeon-GeneralGeorge Horace Burgin, M.
D., Pennsylvania.
Judge- Advocate General A. Lee Knott, Mary-
land.
Chaplain-General The Rt.-Rev. Lelghton Cole-
man, S. T. D., LL. D., Pennsylvania.
Executive Committee Robert Adams, Jr.. M.
C., Pennsylvania; James Davidson Iglehart.
M. D., Maryland; A.Plnney. Massachusetts;
the Rev. Alexander Hamilton. Connecticut;
D. E. Gard. Ohio; Charles Cromwell, Illinoia;
H. R. Webb, District of Columbia; Oscar H.
Condit, New Jersey.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED STATES.
[Instituted 1865. Membership July 31, 1898, 9,071.]
Oom.7nander-ia-0h.ie/ Rear-Admiral Bancroft I Senior Vice-Comtnandcr-in-Chief Brlg.-Gen-
Gherardl. U. S. N.. Now York city. I Selden Connor, U. S. V.. Portland, Me.
184
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOE 1809.
Junior VIce-Commander-in-Chief Bvt. Maj.-
Gen. John R. Brooke, U. S. A., Chicago,
111.
Recorder-in-Chlef Bvt. Lieut.-Col. J. P. Nich-
olson, U. S. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
Reqister-in-Chief Bvt. Maj. W. P. Huxford,
Washington. D. C.
Treasurer-in-CMffCoI. Cornelius Cadle.
Chaplain^n-Chief Rev. Henry Hopkins.
COMMANDERIES.
Pennsylvania Bvt. Maj.-Gen.D. McM. Gregg,
U. 8.V., commander; Bvt. Lieut.-Col.John P.
Nicholson, U. S. V., recorder. Philadelphia.
New York Maj.-Gen. Grenvllle M. Dodge,
U. S. V., commander; Paymaster A. Noel
Blakeman, U. S. N., recorder, New York.
Jtfain-Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Charles W. Tilden, U.
8. V., commander; Bvt. Maj. Henry S. Bur-
rage, U. S. V., recorder, Portland.
Massachusetts Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Henry S. Rus-
sell, U. 8. V., commander; Col. Arnold A.
Rand, U. S. V., recorder, Boston.
California Capt. John C. Currier, U. 8. V.,
commander: Bvt. Lieut.-Col. William R.
Smedberg, U. 8. A., recorder, San Francisco.
Wisconsin Capt. Fred H. Magdeburg. U. S.V.,
commander; Capt. A. Ross Houston, U. 8. V.,
recorder, Milwaukee.
Illinois Lient.-Col. Charles W. Davis. U. S. V.,
commander; Capt. Roswell H. Mason, U. S.
V., recorder, Chicago.
District of Columbia Col. John M. Harlan, U.
8. V., commander; Bvt. Mai. William P. Hux-
ford, U.S. A., recorder, Washington.
Ohio Bvt. Ueut.-Col. Wm. R. Warnock, U. 8.
V., commander; Bvt. Maj. Augustus M.Van
Dyker, U. 8. V.. recorder. Cincinnati.
Michigan Lieut.-Col. Claudino B. Grant, U. S.
V., commander; Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. W. Swift,
U. S. V.. recorder, Detroit.
.Mtnnesofa-Bvt. Brig.-Gen. James H. Baker,
U. S. V., commander; Lieut. David L. Kings-
bury. U. S. V., recorder, St. Pain.
Oregon Bvt. Maj. John H. Woodward, U. S.
V., commander; Mr. Robert G. Morrow, re-
corder, Portland.
Missouri Capt. Samuel W. Fordyce, U. S. V ,
vice-commander: Capt. William R. Hodges,
U. S. V., recorder, St. Louis.
Nebraska Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Charles F. Mander-
son, U. S.V., commander; Lieut. F. B. Bryant,
U. S. V., recorder, Omaha.
Kansas-dipt. Bertrand Rockwell, U. 8. V.,
commander; Capt. W. B. Reynolds, U. 8. A.,
recorder. Fort Leavenworth.
Iowa Maj. Samuel Mahon, U. S. V., com-
mander; Lieut. Joseph W. Muffly, U. 8. V.,
recorder, Des Aloises.
Colorado Lieut. Julius B. Bissell. U. S.V.. com-
mander; Lieut. James R. Saville, U. S. V.,
recorder, Denver.
Indiana Real-Admiral George Brown, U. S.
N., commander; Bvt. Col. Z. A. Smith, U. 8.
V., recorder, Indianapolis.
Washington 'Lieut.-Col. .lames B. Holt. U.S.
V.-commander; Capt. Henry L. Achilles, U.
S. V., recorder, Tacoma.
Vermont Bvt. Maj. Alonzo B. Valentine, U. 8.
V., commander; First Lieut. William L.
Greenleaf, U. S. V., recorder, Burlington.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Oommander-in-Chief James A. Sexton, Chi-
cago, 111.
Senior Vice-Oommander-in-Chief'W. C. John-
eon, Cincinnati, O.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chi6f Daniel Ross,
Wilmington, Del.
Surgeon-Gevtrftl Dr. A. S. Pierce, Nebraska.
lis, Ind.
Daniel Lucas, Indianapo-
OFFICIAL STAFF.
Adjutant-General Thomas J. Stewart, N orris-
town, Pa.
Assistant Adjutant- General T3.. P. Thompson.
Chicago, 111.
Quartermaster-General-'F. W. Splnk, Chicago
t nspector-Oenerul Alonzo Williams, Provi-
dence, R. I.
Judge-Advocate General Ell Torrance, Min-
neapolis. Minn.
Senior Aid-dt'Camp and ChUf of Staff R. H.
Peters, Chicago, 111.
The national council of administration has forty-five members, each department being
represented by one member.
DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS AND MEMBERSHIP.
Departm'ts, Commanders. Assistant Adjutant-Generals. Members.
Alabama A. G. Bethard..
Arizona J ames * inley . .
Arkansas W. G. Gray
Cal. and Ne v . Sol. Cohen
Col. and Wyo.W. T. S. May
. .Decatur E. D. Bacon Birmingham
Tucson Douglas Snyder Tucson
. . . .Fayetteville J. J. Curry
San Francisco... .T. C. Masteller
. . . .Denver N. T. Cox
Connecticut..W. E. Simmondg.... Hartford J.H. Thatcher.
Delaware R. Liddell Wilmington W. A. Reilly ...
Florida G. H. Packwood Tampa F. G. Parcell. . .
Georgia J. O. Ladd
Idaho N. T. Kimball Weiser
Illinois J.C. Black Chicago
Indiana Daniel Ryan Utica
Indian Tei'. ..David Redfleld Ardmore
Iowa R. W. Tirrill Manchester...
Kansas D. W. Eastman Emporia
Kentucky J. W. Hammond Louisville
La. and Miss.. C. W. Keeling New Orleans.. .
Maine C. A. Southard Lewiston
Maryland D. L. Staunton Baltimore
Massachus'ts.W. H. Bartlett Worcester
Michigan A. L. Patrick . . .
Somervllle, S. C..J. P. Averill....
200
220
716
5,280
2,296
6,3.1
470
381
..Charles Clark
..Fayetteville ...
..San Francisco.
..Denver
..Hartford
..Wilmington...
..Tampa
..Atlanta oo
..Boise STB
.C. A. Partridge Chicago 23999
.R. M. Smock Indianapolis.... 18.H6
. Stewart Dennet Ardmore 304
.H. A. Dyer Des Moines 13.331
S.J.Churchill Lawrence 13.220
.J.H. Browning Louisville 4.021
.E. H. Wheeler New Orleans.... 1,029
.J.L. Merrick Waterville 7048
. R. C. Sunstrome Baltimore 2.8 ,3
.W. B. Stetson Boston 20.3S6
. . C. V. R. Pond Lansing 15 848
..Detroit
Minnesota E. W. Mortimer Minneapolis J. K. Merz Minneapolis 7,110
Missouri J. G. Peterson St. Louis J. B. Wilde St Louis 13.317
Montana W. H. Dickinson Missoula J. 8. Wisner Anaconda 4(3
...Peru James D. Gage Lincoln 6.497
...Gorham Frank Battles Concord 4.007
...Plainfleld.. E.C.Moore Plainfleld 6,2H
Santa Fe W.S.Fletcher Santa Fe 15"
Nebraska T. J. Majors
N.H'mpsh're.N. S. Twitchell..
New Jersey . . W. C. Smith
New Mexico. .Francis Downs..
New York Anson 8. Wood Walcott Nathan Munger Albany 3.V558
MILITARY SOCIETIES.
185
DHMtrtn'nt*.
Oommandtrt.
N. Dakota E. Southard
Ohio D. F. Pugh
Oklahoma D. G. Munger. . .
Oregon C. P. Holloway
Pennsylv'nia W. J. Patterson Pittsbnrg C. L. Leiper. . .
Potomac Arthur Hendricks. . . Washington. .
. .Graf ton \V. Ackerman.. . .
..Columbus K. S. Allbritain.
. .Oklahoma City. .A. C. Calhoun.. .
..Portland J. K. Mayo
Assistant Adjutant-QeneraU. Members.
..Grand Forks. .. 480
..Columbus 29,888
..Oklahoma City. 1,165
Rhode Island.S. W. K. Allen Greenwich . .
S. Dakota K. P. Farr ....Pierre
Tennessee.... W. II. Nelson Backwoods....
Texas W. T. Connor Dallas
Utah Newman Ives Ogden
Vermont L. B. Harris Lyndonville...
Va. and N. C. . J . M. Davis Richmond
Washington
and Alaska.Geo. TV. Tibbetts Issaquah, "W. .
W. Virginia.. R. Robertson Wheeling
Wisconsin ....C. H. Russell Berlin
Total number of posts 7,213
.8. Vanderhof
.Philips. Case
.J.S. Sebree
.F. Seaman
.J. C. Bigger
.C. O. Farnsworth.
.B. L. Wells
.W.N.Eaton
..Portland
..Philadelphia....
..Washington
..Providence
..kno'xviiie .'.
..Dallas
..Salt Lake City.,
..Lyndonville
..Portsmouth
1,861
32.49?
2,782
2.042
1,911
2,118
790
204
4,2l
1.124
..S.W.Clark Seattle, W 2,0*8
..J. A. Arkle Wheeling 1,336
. Z. C. Hamilton Berlin 10.942
Total Jan. 1,1888 305,003
NATIONAL ENCAMPMENTS AND COMMANDKRS-IN-CHIEF.
lSP6.Indianapoiis.S. A. Hurlbut.... Illinois.
13H8.Phil'delphia.John A. Logan... Illinois.
1369. Cincinnati.. .John A. Logan. . .Illinois.
1870.SVashlngton.John A. Logan... Illinois.
1371. Boston A. E. Burnside... Rhode Isl'd.
1872. Cleveland.... A. E. Burnside... Rhode Isl'd.
1873. New Haven. Chas. Devens, Jr.Mass'ch'tts.
lS74.Harrisburg. .Chas. Devens. Jr.Mass'ch'tts.
1875. Chicago J. F. Hartranft... Penns'lv'a.
1876.Phil'delphla.J. F. Hartranft.. .Penns'lv'a.
1877. Providence. .J. C. Robinson... New York.
1378. Springfield... J. C. Robinson.. .New York.
1879. Albany Wm. Earnshaw..Ohio.
1880. 1 >ayton, O.... Louis Wagner... Penns'lv'a.
1881.Indianapolis.Geo. S. Merrill... Mass'ch'tts.
188^. Baltimore.... P. Vandervoort.. Nebraska.
1883. Denver. Robert B. Beath. Penns'lv'a.
1884. Minneapolis. John 8. Kuntz.. .Ohio.
1885. Portl'nd. Me.S. S. Burdette Washington
1886. S. Francisco.Lucius Fail-child. Wisconsin.
1887 . St. Louis John P. Rea Minnesota.
1888. Columbus, O.William Warner.St. Louii.
18S9. Milwaukee . .Russell A. Alger.Detrott.
1800. Boston W. G. Veazey.... Rutland, Vt.
1891. Detroit John Palmer Albany.
1892. Washington A. G. Welssert.. .Milwaukee.
1893.1ndianapollsJ. G. B. Adam*. .Lynn, Mass.
1894. Pittsburg .. . .T. G. Lawler Rockf'd. 111.
1895.Louisville....I. N. Walker Indlanap'.
1896. St. Paul T. 8. Clarkson...Omaha.Neb.
1897. Buffalo J. P. 8, Gobln....Lebanon,P
1898 Cincinnati. . .Jas. A. Sexton. .Chicago, 111.
1899. Philadelphia
Headquarters Commandery-in-Chief Chicago,
Quartermaster-General's Department Chicago.
OFFICERS OF COMMANDERY IN-CHIEF.
Commander4n-Chief Frank L. Shepard, Chi-
SONS OF VETERANS, TT. 8. A.
J. D. Rowen, Des Moines, Iowa; J. E. Hay"
craft, Madelia, Minn.
Adjutant-deneral-Geo. B. Abbott, Chicago.
Quartermaster- General F. E. Batton, Boston,
Mass.
Inspector-Gener'l F.W.Briggs.Shickshlnny.Pa.
Surgeon-General Dr. F. H. B. McDowell, Ra-
cine, Wis.
Judge-Advocate General James W. Noel, Indi-
anapolis, Ind.
Chaplaln-in-Chief Rev. A. J. Morris, Frank-
fort, Mich.
JVb. of
members.
2C6
401
cago, 111.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chtef Geo. E. Cor,
Hartford, Conn.
Jiini'ir Vice-Commander-in-ChiefZ. C. Green,
White. S. D.
Counsel-in-Chtif H.H. Hammer, Reading, Pa.;
DIVISION COMMANDERS.
Division. Commander. Address.
Alabama and Tennessee... H. T. Cooper Knorvllle
California and Hawaii Charles L. Pierce San Francisco, Cal
Colorado Paul Llmbach Denver
Connecticut Leon Hall Menden
Gulf A.M. Buchmann New Orleans, La ...
Illinois W. T. Church Chicago
Indiana K. 8. Thompson Rising Sun
Iowa W. W. Bisby Des Moines
Kansas John Redmond Wichita
Kentucky E. H. Hanf ord Somerset
Maine G. E. Leighton Skowhegan
Maryland W. B. King Hagerstown
Massachusetts L. C. Couch Tan n ton
Michigan G. E. Cogshall Grand Rapids
Minnesota L. M. Germany. . .
Missouri J. W. S. Dillon
Nebraska A. W. Raurtzer
New Hampshire H. E. Chamberlin
New Jersey J. M. Mathews
New York K. W. Estis....
Ohio E.H. Archer
Oregon A. O. Desart
Penn -ylvania A. 8. Montthrop
Rhode Island W. R. Williams
South Dakota W. A. Morris
Vermont \V;i lam W. Lapoint Barre
Washington W. T. Cavanautth Olytnpla
West Virginia A.R.Jones Elkins
Wisconsin it. M. Smith Marinette _
Total number of camps 1,306 Total
.South Minneapolis
.Grant City
. Omaha
.Concord
.Trenton
. Albany
.Columbus
.Silverton
.DuBois
. Woonsocket
Uedfleld.
182
760
150
1,930
904
1.429
1,303
325
1.H79
617
4,OB7
1,425
927
782
637
628
844
3,291
2.0-18
256
8,973
313
245
888
270
272
469
34,268
186
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
COMMANDERS OF THE ARMY SINCE 1775.
(Prepared by the Adjutant-General U. S. A.)
NAME AND RANK.
BORN.
COMMANDED ARMY.
When.
Wltere.
From
'fo-
DIED.
Gen. George Washington
Maj.-Geu. Henry KIHIX
Capt. John Doughty* (Artil'y)
Lt.-Col. Josiah Harmart(Int.)
Maj.-Gen. Arthur Bt Clair. . . .
Maj.-Gen. Anthony Wayne. . .
Brig.-Gen. James Wilkinson. .
Lt.-Gen George Washington..
Maj.-Gen. Alex'd'r Hamilton t
Brig.-Gen. James Wilkinson .
MaJ.-Gen. Henry Dearborn J. .
Maj.-Gen. Jacob Brown t
Maj.-Gen. Alexander Macomb
Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott ...
Maj.-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan B
Maj.-Gen Henry W. Halleck.
Gen. Ulysses Simpson Grant **
Gen.William Tecu'h Sherman
Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan tt
Lt.-Gen. Jno. Me A. Schofleld it
Maj.-Gen. Nelson Appl'n Miles
Feb. 22,1732 Westmoreland Co.. Va
Jul. 25,1750; Boston. Mass . .
-.754"
-,".
'1754JNew York city... . . .
1753| Philadelphia, Pa..
Jnn.l3,1734i Edinburgh. Scotl'd
Jan. 1,1745 Eastown, Pa
Dec. 23. 1783 Dec. 14,1799
un. 20,1784 Oct. 25,1801;
ng.12,1784 Sep. 16.18'Ai
Mar. 4,1791 1 Aug.20.1813
Mar. 5,1792
175
Feb.22,1732
Jan. 11.1757
175
Near Benedict, Md
Westmoreland Co., Va ____
Nevis, W. Ind. Isls.
.Near Benedict,
Feb. 23.1751 N. Hampton, N.H.
May 9,17751 Bucks Co. . Pa
Apr. 3,1782 ! Detroit, Mich.
Jun. 13 1786 Petersburg, Va. . . .
Dec. 3,1826 Philadelphia, Pa. .
Jan. 16.1815 Westernville.N. Y.
Apr. 27.1822 Point Pleasant, O..
Feb. 8.1820 Mansfield, O
Mar. fi.1831 Albany, N. Y
Sep. 291831 Chautauq 'aCo.N.Y.
Aug. 8.1839i Westminster.Mass.
Dec. 15.1790 Dec.l5,179ti
Dec.2S,182n
Dec. 14.1799 Dec.14,1799
un.15.1800 Jul. 12.1804
,
Jun.15,1815
Aug.31.1818
Jun. 17,1775
Dec. 23.1783 J
Jun. 20.1784 A
Aug.12.1784
Mar. 4,1791
Apr. 13.1792
Dec. 15.1796 Jul. 13.1798
Jul. 13.1798
Dec. 14.1
Md Jun. 15.1800 Jan. 27,1812 Dec.28.1825
Jan. 27.1812
Jun. 15.1815
May 29.1828 J
Jul. 5,1841
Nov. 1.1861
Jul. 23.1862
Mar. 9.1864 Mar. 4J869 Jul. 23.1885
Mar. 8,1869 Nov. 1.1883 _ .
Nov. 1,1883 Aug. 6.1888 Aug. 5.1888
Aug.14.1888 Sep. 29,1895
Oct. 5;i895
..
Jun. 6,1829
Feb. 24.1828 Feb. 24. 1828
Jun.25.1841 Jun. 25.1841
Nov. 1.1861 May2918;
Mar .11.1862 Oct. 29.1885
Mar. 9,18t>4 Jan. 9.1872
Brevet major Sept. 30, 1783.
tBrevet brigadier-general July 31. 1787.
jFrom the date of Gen. Washington's death, Dec. 14, 1799, to June 1, 1821. when Gen. Brown
assumed command, there was no general officer formally assigned to the permanent command
of the army. During this period direct control of the army (except at irregular intervals from
June, 1800, to January. 1812, when Gen. Wilkinson exercised command) was exercised by the sec-
retary of war. In the above list, however, the name of the senior officer of the army is given
for each period specified from December, 1799, to June. 1821.
Brevet lieutenant-general March 29, 1847. Gen. Scott left for Mexico Nov. 24, 1846. and from
that date to May 11, 18i9, he had no control of the army not included in his own command. He
was assigned to the command of the eastern division Aug. 31, 1848, and resumed command of
the army May 11, 1849.
I Gen. McClellan did not exercise command of the army after March 11, 1862. Gen. Halleck
assumed command July 23, is ;>.
"Lieutenant-general March 2, 1864, to July 25, 1866.
ttLieutenant-general March 4, 1839, to June 1, 1888.
tJMajor-general March 4, 1869, to Feb. 5, 1895.
The president of the United States is at all times the commander-ln-chief of the army and
navy.
FARMERS' NATIONAL CONGRESS.
OFFICERS 1898-99.
Hon. W. D. Hoard, president, Fort Atkin-
son, Wis.
Col. F. L. Maxwell, first vice-president,
Mound, La.
Hon. C. A. Wleting, second vice-president,
Auburn, N. Y.
N. G. Spaldlng, Ueasurer, Schodack Land-
ing, N. Y.
John M. Stahl, secretary, 4318 Langley-av.,
Chicago, 111.
Assistant Secretaries D. O. Lively, Fort
Worth, Tex.; G. A. Stockwell, Providence,
R. I.; A. H. Dunlap, Manistee, Mich.
Executive Committee Hon. B. F. Clay-
ton, liK.i:ii:o'a. Iowa; T. E. Orr, Pittsburg,
Pa.; H. E. Heath, Lincoln, Neb.
Little is known of the history of this
organization prior lo 1883, as no records
were kept or meetings previous to tdat
time. From the best data attainable there
was a meeting in Chicago in 1881; Indianap-
olis, Ind., 1882; Louisville, Ky., 1883; Nash-
ville, Tenn., 1884, and from the best Infor-
mation the meeting at Indianapolis in the
fall of 1885 was fixed as the fifth annual
session of the Farmers' National Congress
of the United States of America.
At the Louisville session in 1883 Col.
Robert Beverly of Virginia was elected
president and Mr. Knott of Louisville, Ky.,
was chosen secretary. The same officers
presided at Nashville. Tenn., in 1884, but
there is no record of these or auy previous
meetings of this body.
Col. Robert Beverly served as president
from 1883 to 1887, when Col. R. F. Kolb of
Montgomery, Ala., was elected president
and acted as such until the meeting at
Sedalia, Mo., in 1891, where A. W. Smith
of Kansas was elected. Hon. B. F. Clay-
ton was elected at Savannah, Ga., in 18W,
and re-elected at Atlanta. Ga., in 1895.
Hon. W. D. Hoard of Wisconsin was elected
at St. Paul. Minn., in 1897.
The meetings since 1885 have been as fol-
lows:
St. Paul, 1886; called meeting at Wash-
ington, D. C., February, 1887; regular meet-
ing, Chicago, 1887; Topeka, Kas., 1888;
Montgomery, Ala., 1889; Council Bluffs,
Iowa, 1890; Sedalia. Mo., 1891; Lincoln,
Neb., 1892; Savannah, Ga., 1893; Parkers-
burg, W. Va., 1894; Atlanta. Ga., 1895;
Indianapolis. Ind., 1896: St. Paul, Minn..
1807, and Fort Worth, Tex., 1898.
RELIGIOUS. 187
factitious.
STATISTICS OF THE CHURCHES.
(From the New York Independent.)
MINISTERS, CHURCHES AND COMMUNICANTS IN 1896 AND 1897 IN UNITED STATES.
DENOMINATIONS.
MINISTERS.
CHURCHES.
COMMUNICANTS.
1896.
1897.
1890.
189V.
1896.
1897.
ADVENT1STS-
1. Evangelical
34
912
256
19
50
94
34
91
282
19
60
94
30
610
1,25S
29
28
95
30
610
1,348
29
28
95
1,147
26,500
45,109
647
1.018
2.872
1,147
26.500
47,779
647
3,000
2,872
2. Advent Christians
3. Seventh Day
4. Church of God
6. Life and Advent Union
6. Churches of God in Jesus Christ
Total Ad ventists
1.365
^27,259
14
117
1,335
120
360
80
2,130
300
1,401
1 14. 700
12,672
14
123
1379
120
550
19
25
80
2,130
300
2.050
[40,658
18
105
1,514
167
430
24
204
152
3,530
473
2,140
1 26, 250
14,471
18
109
1,624
167
580
24
204
152
3,530
473
77,293
1 3,824,038
tea
9.173
86,6(18
12.000
22,500
1,599
13,209
8,254
126,000
12.851
81,945
[2,125.000
1,728,334
937
9,205
91,911
13.000
28,000
1,599
13,209
8.254
126,000
12.851
BAPTISTS
1. Regular (north)
2. Regular (south)
3. Regular (colored)
4. Six Principle
5. Seventh Day .-
6. Freewill
7. Original Freewill .
8. General
9. Separate
10. United. .
11. Baptist Church of Christ.. .
1 J. Primitive
13. Old Two-Seed-in-the-Splrit Predestinarian
Total Baptists
31,759
128
7
20
32,112
152
7
20
47,275
78
8
25
47.6U2
78
8
25
4,117,229
2,688
214
526
4,157,300
4,000
214
525
BRETHREN (RIVER)
1. Brethren in Christ
2. Old Order, or Yorker
8. United Zlon's Children
Total River Brethren
BRETHREN (PLYMOUTH)
1. Brethren (1.)
155
179
111
109
88
86
31
111
109
88
86
31
3,427
2,289
2.419
1,235
718
4,739
2,289
2,419
1,235
718
2. Brethren (II.).. ..
3. Brethren (III.)
4. Brethren (IV.)
Total Plymouth Brethren
314
14,859
314
14,875
8
12
3
6
5
8
6,661
8,156,963
6,661
8,314,754
17,000
13,51)1
200
335
425
1,000
CATHOLICS
1. Roman Catholic
10,752
11,055
20
13
3
7
3
8
2. Polish Catholic
3. Russian Orthodox
13
3
7
3
8
12
3
6
5
8
13,504
200
335
700
1,000
4. Greek Orthodox
6. Armenian ^..
6. Old Catholic
7. Reformed Catholic
Total Catholics
10,786
95
11.109
95
14,893
10
47
03
1,320
WO
14,917
10
47
63
1,325
170
8,172,702
1,491
8,347,218
1,491
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC.
CHINESE TEMPLKS....
CHRIST ADELPHI AN 8
1,277
105.000
15.000
1,277
105,500
16,000
CHRISTIANS
1. Christians (Christian Connection) ....
1,395
105
1,400
100
2. Christian Church South
Total Christians
CHRISTIAN CATHOLIC (Dowle) . .
1,500
1,500
7
10
3,500
183
460
I,i80
1,495
13
120,000
. 121,500
5.000
754
40,000
18.2U
38,000
384
7,674
1,650
1,600
250
200
25
205
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION..
CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS
CHRISTIAN UNION
10
3,OIJO
450
13
313
294
5BO
12
149
15
7
1
1
1
5
13
313
294
5SO
a
150
15
7
1
1
1
5
754
25.000
18.214
36,000
3S4
7,527
1,650
l.fiOO
250
200
25
205
CHURCH OF GOD (VVinebrennerlan)
CHURCH TRIUMPH A NT (Sch weinfurth)....
CHURCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM
COMMUNISTIC 8OCIETIES-
1. Shakers
142
139
2. Amana
3. Harmony
4. Separatists
6. Altruists
6. Church Triumphant (Koreshan Ecclesia).
Total Communistic Societies
30
3D
3,930
3,930
188 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
STATISTICS OF CHURCHES.-CONTINCED.
DENOMINATIONS.
MINISTERS.
CHURCHES.
COMMUNICANTS
1896.
1897.
1896.
1897.
1896.
1897.
CONGREG ATION ALISTS. . . .
5,405
5.390
1.709
180
21?
5.465
5,780
2.315
150
250
;.
5,516
9,607
755
120
145
i
5.625
10,029
775
100
145
6
615.195
1.003,672
(59,250
4.000
10,031
194
630.000
1,051,079
85,000
4,000
12.000
194
DISCIPLES Oh" CHRIST
DUNKARDS
1. Dunkards or German Baptists (Conserva-
tives) . ...
2. Dunkards or German Baptists (Old Order)
3. Dunkards or German Baptists (Progress-
ive)
4. Seventh-Day Baptists (German)
Total Dunkards
2,137
85?
408
2,720
996
425
l.OAi
1.633
52]
1,0*
1,611
605
83,475
93.665
55118
101,194
94,742
57.028
151,770
90.921
21.9:12
4,329
232
EVANGELICAL BODIES
1. Evangelical Association
8. United Evangelical Church
Total Evangelical
Utt
1,151
115
Si
11
l.til
1,298
115
38
11
2.154
824
201
53
9
2,219
830
201
53
9
148,783
90.43T
21.992
4,329
232
FRIENDS -
1. Friends (Orthodox)
2. Friends (Hicksite)
3. Friends (Wilburite)
4. Friends (Primitive)
Total Friends
FRIENDS OF THE TEMPLW....
1.314
4
45
866
130
160
1,402
4
45
878
135
166
1,087
4
55
1,101
328
220
1.USW
55
1,130
340
230
116,989
340
36.500
180.000
60,500
79.000
117,474
310
36.5001
19J.618
62.000
81.000
GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT..
GERMAN EVANGELICAL S YNOD
JEWS
1. Jewish Congregations (Orthodox)
2. Jewish Congregations (Reformed)
Total Jews ;
LATTER-DAY SAINTS-
1. Church of Jesus Christ Latter- Dav Saints.
2. Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints
29U
575
1.500
301
600
2,000
5l8
580
431
570
COO
600
139,500
212,000
22.000
143,000
259,000
38,370
297,370
190,594
40.690
323.054 i
5-.-0.09o
125,110
85,273
4,400
16.158
2,100
1.319
67:807
64.164 ;
13,813
5,900
""3,009
5,100 k
4.700
5,500
50
7.000
21.0UO
Total Latter-Day Saints
2.0.5
1,163
211
1.108
1.775
350
410
2J
81
2.OXI
1,185
204
1.128
2,2^2
359
434
25
91
7
10
392
215
83
42
1,011
1,547
437
1.786
2,418
1.120
600
35
215
1,200
1,505
425
1,840
8.225
1.026
590
40
215
50
18
593
651
128
40
""21
27
11
60
234,000
190.319
41,304
315.239
4SI2.580
110,000
85.000
4.2J8
16,027
LUTHERANS-
GENERAL BODIES.
1. General Synod ._,..
2. United Synod in the South
3. General Council
4. Synodical Conference
5. United Norwegian
INDEPENDENT SYNODS.
6. Joint Synod of Ohio
7. Buffalo
8. Hauge's, Norwegian
9. Eiclsen's, Norwegian
10. Texas
44
sri
215
49
798
676
7,097
66,273
61,347
11. German of Iowa
12. Norwegian Lutheran ..
13. Michigan
11. Danish in America
37
23
7
18
10
55
26
21
19
40
1.250
4.750
4.757
S.&JS
4.000
IB. Icelandic
u
9
50
70
U
17. Immanuel
18. Suomai, Finnish
19. Norwegian Free
20. Slovakian
9
140
121
21. Danish United
7r
75
107
150
7.512
22.500
Independent congregations
Total Lutherans
6.001
140
360
9
238
75
2
43
98
18
17
tj,62i
140
375
9
211
75
2
43
100
18
17
10,10.!
150
270
5
115
25
2
34
48
18
15
10,738
150
280
5
118
25
2
34
50
18
15
1.437,911
20,000
19,451
352
11,600
2.438
209
1.655
8,023
471
610
l,50r,4tt>
20,000
21.000
352
12.151
2.438
209
1.655
8,773
471
610J
WALDENSTROMI ANS
MENNON1TES-
1. Mennonite
2. Bruedcrhoef
3. Amish
4. Old Amish
5. Apostolic
6. Reformed
7. General Conference
8. Church of God in Christ
9. Old CWisler)
RELIGIOUS. 189
STATISTICS OF CHURCHES.-CONTINUED
DENOMINATIONS.
MINISTERS.
CHITRCHES.
COMMUNICANTS.
1896.
1897.
1896.
1897.
1896.
1897.
40
20
42
41
20
80
15
11
56
16
11
57
2,650
1.15<>
4,329
2,950
1,156
2,779
12. Brethren in Christ
Total Mennonites
METHODISTS-
1. Methodist Episcopal
962
16.248
62
4.6SO
80
2.561
use
600
5,&t7
205
5
20
80
1,680
72
938
8
87
34,663
123
6.623
1,617
400
105
812
1,349
12
93
108
33
1
1
11,154
4,618
87
1,021
16.411
a
4,825
80
2.641
1,600
600
5.900
260
5
2(1
30
1,687
77
938
8
87
614
25.001
60
4,850
70
1,615
2,265
565
13,725
240
5
35
32
1,009
102
708
15
13
50,310
109
7,267
2,867
250
185
891
2,788
31
127
107
41
4
1
631
25,252
61
4,950
70
l,66;i
2,314
565
13.800
275
5
35
32
1,100
90
708
15
13
52,941
2,675,035
2.642
615,851
7,000
492,888
183,418
18,400
1,442,665
12,600
319
1,200
2.346
164,308
6.400
26,tt
2,569
4,600
54,544
2,689,419
2,675
630.550
7.000
503.075
182.260
18,600
1,482.665
13,000
319
1,200
2,346
161,968
5,527
28,135
2,569
4,600
2. Onion American Methodist Episcopal
3. African Methodist Episcopal
4. African Union Methodist Protestant
7. Wesleyan Methodist
9. Methodist Episcopal. South
11. Now Congregational Methodist
14. Primitive Methodist
15. Free Methodist
IK. Independent Methodist
17. Evangelist Missionary
Total Methodists
35,232
120
6,769
1,571
400
105
826
1,393
12
96
115
35
1
1
50,918
112
7,317
2,915
250
185
888
2,816
31
130
116
48
4
1
5,658,282
13,614
923,515
165,847
13,250
12,000
108,828
210,539
1,053
10,277
9,400
5,000
37
600
5,735,85)8
14^20
39,299
175,642
13,250
12,000
110,933
211,694
1.053
10,824
9,830
5,000
37
600
MORAVIANS
PRESBYTERIANS
1. Presbyterian in the United States of
3. Cumberland Presbyterian (colored)
4. Welsh Calvinistlc
6. United Presbyterian
6. Presbyterian in the United States (south-
ern)
7. Associate Church of North America.. ...
8. Associate Reformed Synod of the South.
9. Reformed Presbyterian in the United
States (Synod)
10. Reformed Presbyterian in North Amer-
11. Reformed Presbyterian (Covenanted)
12. Reformed Presbyterian In the Unites
States and Canada
Total Presbyterians
11,324
4,658
87
14,559
6.097
93
14,701
6,093
93
1,460,346
636,773
8,893
1,490,162
658,640
8,863
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL-
2. Reformed Episcopal
Total Episcopal
4,705
636
1,000
81
4,745
634
1,089
81
6,190
605
1.663
123
6,186
610
1.6-.3
123
2,386
716
200
645.6W
102,631
229,100
16.740
667,503
105369
234,612
16.740
REFORMED
1. Reformed in America
2. Reformed in United States
3. Christian Reformed
Total Reformed
1,717
2,120
ISO
1,754
2.4(4
650
2.391
675
150
348,471
40,000
357,221
40,000
7,000
SALVATIONISTS
Salvation Army . ..
Volunteers
Total Salvationists
2,570
3
17
3,091
3
17
825
20
MM
122
4.173
853
916
4
20
33i
122
4,172
855
40,000
306
913
1,064
45,030
8,000
230.703
40,332
47,000
306
913
1,064
45,030
3,000
225,117
45,000
SCHWENKFELDIANS....
SOCIAL BRETHREN
SOCIETY FOR ETHICAL CULTURE. ...
SPIRITUALISTS
THEOSOPH1CAL SOCIETY
UNITED BRETHREN-
1. United Brethren in Christ
1,671
69o
1,724
700
2. United Brethren (Old Constitution)
Total United Brethren
UNITARIANS....
2,366
525
797
64
_ liu.uas
2,424
535
773
54
5,026
458
825
156
5,027
455
849
156
271,035
70,000
49.02.)
14.126
280,117
70.000
61,025
14,126
UN1V KUSALISTS
INDEPENDENT CONGREGATIONS
Grand total
1S).2*>
181.952
184.284
2o,288.07B
25.919,027
190
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE TOTTED STATES.
Apostolic Delegate Most Rev. Mgr. Martlnelli, Washington, D. C.
Cardinal James Gibbons, Baltimore, Md.
ARCHBISHOPS.
Archdioceses. Names.
New Orleans, La Vacant.
San Francisco, Cal Patrick W. Riordan.
St. Paul, Minn John Ireland.
Milwaukee, Wis Frederick Katzer.
Santa Fe, N. M Vacant.
Dubuque, Iowa John Hennessy.
Archdioceses. Names.
St. Louis, Mo John Joseph Kain.
Cincinnati. O William H. Elder.
Chicago, 111 Patrick A. Feehan.
Boston, Mass John Joseph Williams.
Philadelphia, Pa Patrick John Ryan.
Portland, Ore Vacant.
New York, N. Y M. A. Corrigan.
BISHOPS.
Dioceses. Names
Mobile, Ala Edward P. Allen.
Springfield, Mass T. D. Beaven.
Savannah. Ga Thomas A. Becker.
Lincoln, Neb Thomas Bonacuui.
Tucson, Afi P. Bourgade.
Manchester, J. H D. M. Bradley.
Boston, Mass John Brady.
Helena, Mont JohnB. Brondel.
St. Joseph, Mo M. F. Burke.
Albany, N. Y T. U. M. Burke.
Nashville, Tenn T. S. Byrne.
Concordia Kas J. F. Cunningham.
Wheeling. W. Va P. J. Donaghue.
Dallas. Tex ..E. J. Dunne.
Natchitoches, La Anthony Durier.
New York, N. Y J. M. Farley.
Kansas City, Kas U M. Fink.
Little Rock, Ark E. Fitzgerald.
Detroit, Mich J. S. Foley.
San Antonio, Tex J. A. Forest.
Ogdensburg. N. Y Henry Gabriels.
Galveston, Tex N. A. Gallagher.
Kansas City, Mo ..J. J. Glennon.
Boise City. Idaho A. J. Glorieux.
Sacramento, Cal Thos. Grace.
Belmont, N. C Leo Haid.
Providence, R. I M. J. Harkins.
Portland, Me J. A. Healy.
Wichita. Kas John J. Hennessy.
Natchez, Miss Thomas Heslin.
Ashley, Pa M. J. Hoban.
Kansas City, Mo John J. Hogan.
Cleveland, O I. F. Horstmann.
Belleville, 111 John Janssen.
Washington. D.C J. J. Keaiie.
Cheyenne, Wyo T. M. Lenihan.
Victoria, B. C Vacant.
Syracuse, N. Y P. A. Ludden.
Louisville. Ky W. G. McCloskey.
Brooklyn, N. Y C. E. McDonnell.
Dioceses. Names.
Trenton, N. J J. A. McFaul.
Duluth. Minn James McGolrick.
Harrisburg. Pa Thomas McGovern.
Indianapolis. Ind F. S. Chatard.
Davenport. Iowa Henry Cosgrove.
Winona, Minn J. B. Cotter.
Wilmington, Del John J. Monaghan.
Rochester, N. Y B. J.McQuaid.
Covington, Ky C. P. Maes.
Denver. Col N. C. Matz.
Guthrie. Oklahoma T. Meerschaert.
Green Bay, Wis , S. Messmer
RuiOinirtrm vt * Louis de Goesbriand.
Burlington, Vt ^ j g Michaud.
St. Augustine, Fla John Moore.
Los Angeles, Cal George Montgomery.
Erie, Pa Tobias Mullen.
Charleston, S. C H. P. Northrop.
Nesqualy, Wash Edward O'Dea.
Sioux Falls. S. D Thos. O'Gorman.
Scranton, Pa W. O'Hara.
Pittsburg. Pa R. Phelan.
Philadelphia, Pa E. F. Prendergast.
Fort Wayne, Ind J. Rademacher.
Grand Rapids, Mich. . .H. J. RIchter.
Alton, 111 J ames Ryan.
Buffalo, N. Y J. E. Quigley.
Salt Lake City, Utah..L. Scanlan.
Omaha, Neb R. Scannell.
La Crosse, Wis J. Schwebach.
Fargo, N. D John Shanley.
Peoria, 111 J. L. Spalding.
Hartford, Conn M. Tierney.
St. Cloud, Minn . .James Trobec.
Richmond, Va A. Van de Vyver.
Laredo, Tex P. Verdaguer.
Marquette, Mich John Vertin.
Columbus, O J. A. Watterson.
South Orange, N. J. . . . W. M. Wigger.
Dioceses.
Alabama...
Ari.&N.M.
Arkansas...
Boise
California. .
Sacram'to,
Los Ang's.
Colorado
Connecticut
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Delaware...
Florida-
Northern.
Southern.
Georgia
Illinois-
Chicago...
Spr'gneld.
Bishops. Residence.
.R. H. Wilmer Mobile.
H. M.Jackson, co-
adjutor Montgomery.
. J. M. Kendrick Santa Fe.
.H. N. Pierce Little Rock.
.James B. Funsten. .Boise Citv.
Wm. M. Brown, co-
adjutor Little Rock.
.W. F.Nichols San Francisco
Wm. H. Moreland.
J. H. Johnson Los Angeles.
J. F. Spalding Denver.
.John Williams Middletown.
Chauncey B. Brews-
ter, coadjutor New Haven.
,L. Coleman Wilmington.
E.G. Weed
W. C. Gray
C. K. Nelson....
Jacksonville.
... Orlando.
Atlanta.
W. E. McLaren Chicago.
.G. F. Seymour Springfield.
. C. R. Hale, coadju-
tor Cairo.
Quincy Alex. Burgess Peoria.
Dioceses. Bishops.
Indiana John H. White
Iowa Vacant
Kansas F. R. Millspaugh...
Kentucky. ..T. U. Dudley
Lexington.L. W. Burton
Louisiana. ..Davis Sessums
Maine H. A. Neely
Maryland. ..W. Paret :..
Easton....W. F. Adams......
Wash'ton..H. Y. Satterlee. . . .
Mass W. Lawrence
Michigan-
Eastern . . .T. F. Davies
Western... G. DeN. Gillespie.
Marquette.G. M. Williams
Minnesota... H. B. Wliipple
M. N. Gilbert, co
adjutor
Duluth J. D. Morrison
Mississippi. . II. M. Thompson..
Missouri..... D. S. Tuttle
W.Missouri. E. R. Atwill
Montana L. R. Brewer
Nebraska.. ..G. Worthington...
Laramie. . .A. N. Graves
N. Hamo ...W. W. NUes
Residence.
.Indianapolis.
.Topeka.
.Louisville.
.Lexington.
.New Orleans
.Portland.
.Baltimore
.Easton.
.Washington.
.Boston.
.Detroit.
.Grand Rapids
.Marquette.
.Faribault.
.St. Paul.
.Duluth.
.Jackson.
.St. Louis.
Kansas City.
.Helena.
.Omaha.
.Kearney.
.Concord.
RELIGIOUS.
191
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.-CONTINUED.
Dioceses. Bishops. Residence.
New Jersey. J. Scarborough Trenton.
Newark.... T. A. Starkey Newark.
New York. . .H. C. Potter New York city
Central F. D. Huntington.. Syracuse.
Albany W. C. Doane Albany.
Long Id... A. N. Littlejohn.... Brooklyn.
Western.. .W. D. Walker Buffalo.
N. Carolina.. J. B. Cheshire, Jr. . .Raleigh.
E. Carolina.. A. A. Watson Wilmington.
N. Dakota.. .Julius M. Horner.. .Asheville.
Samuel C. Edsall. ..Fargo.
Ohio-
Ohio W. A. Leonard Cleveland.
Southern. .T. A. Jaggar Cambridge, Mass.
B. Vincent, coadju-
tor Cincinnati.
Oklahoma-
Indian T..F. K. Brooke Guthrie.
Oregon B. W. Morris Portland.
I'enn O. W. Whitaker. . . . Philadelphia.
l J ittsburg....C. Whitehead Plttsburg.
Central E. Talbot S. Bethlehem.
Rhode Isl'd.T. M. Clark Providence.
Wm. N. McVickar, co-
adjutor-elect Providence.
S. Carolina. .Ellison Capers Columbia
Dioceses. Bishops. Residence.
8. Dakota... W.H Hare Sioux Falls.
Tennessee..!'. F. Gailor Memphis.
Texas G. H. Klnsolving. . .Austin.
Western... J. S. Johnson San Antonio
Dallas A. C. Garrett Dallas. .
Salt Lake ... A. Leonard Salt Lake City
Vermont ... .Arthur C. A. Hall. .Burlington.
Virginia F. McN. Whittle. . . .Richmond.
R. A. Gibson, coad-
jutor. Richmond.
Southern.. A.M. Randolph Norfolk.
W. Virginia. G. W. Peterkin Parkersburg
Wisconsin-
Mil w'kee.. Isaac L. Nicholson. Milwaukee.
F. du Lac. Charles C. Graf ton. Fond, du Lac
Washington
Olympia.. . W. M. Barker.
Spokane... L. H. Wells.
Africa S. D. Ferguson.
China-
Shanghai. .F. R. Graves Shanghai
Japan John McKim Tokyo.
Kyoto Vacant. Undercharge
of Bishop McKim.
Brazil Lucien L. Kinsolo-
ing Rio Grande;
Haiti J.T. H. Holly P't-au-Prince.
..Cape Palmas.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Bishops. Residence.
Thomas Bowman.. St. Louis, Mo.
Randolph S. Foster Roxbury, Mass.
Stephen M. Merrill Chicago, 111.
Edward G. Andrews New York, N. Y.
Henry W. Warren Untv'tyPark, Col.
Cyrus D. Foss Philadelphia, Pa.
John F. Hurst Washington, D. C.
William X. Ninde Detroit. Mich.
John M. Walden Cincinnati. O.
Missionary Bishops William Taylor, Vivi, Congo, Africa.
James M. Thoburn. Calcutta. India.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH.
Bishops. Res-idence.
E. R. HendriT Kansas City. Mo.
Bishops. Residence.
Willard F. Mallalieu.. Buffalo, N. Y.
Charles H. Fowler Minneapolis. Minn.
John H. Vincent Topeka, Kas.
James W. Fitzgerald New Orleans, La.
Isaac W. Joyce Chattanooga, Tenn.
John P. Newman Omaha, Neb.
Daniel A. Goortsell San Francisco. Cal.
Charles C. McCabe Fort Worth, Tex.
Earl Cranston Portland, Ore.
Bishops. Residence.
John C. Keener New Orleans. La
Alpheus W. Wilson Baltimore, Md.
J. C. Granbery Ashland, Va.
R. K. Hargrove Nashville, Tenn.
W.W.Duncan Spartanburg, S. C.
C. B. Galloway Jackson, Miss.
J. S. Key Sherman. Tex.
O. P. Fitzgerald Nashville, Tenn.
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
A. B. C. F. M.
President Charles M. Lamson, D. D.
Treasurer Frank H. Wiggin.
Secretaries Rev. Judson Smith, D. D.. Rev.
Cuarles H. Daniels, D. D., Bev. James L.
Barton, D. D.
Editorial Secretary Rev. E. E. Strong, D. D.
District Secretaries Rev. C. C. Creegan. D. D..
121 Bible House, New York; Rev. A. N. Hitch-
cock. Ph. D., 153 LaSalle street. Chicago, 111.;
Rev. Walter Frear, San Francisco. Cal.
Headquarters Congregational House, Boston.
AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
President T. A. Noble. D. D., Chicago, 111.
Treasurer H. W. Hubbard.
Secretaries Rev. A. F. Beard, D. D., Rev. F. P.
Woodbury. D. D., Rev. J. C. Ryder, D. D., Rev.
M. E. Strieby, D. D.
Headquarters 4th avenue and 22d street.
N. Y. City.
SUNDAY SCHOOL AND PUB. SOCIETY.
President S. B. Capen.
Secretary George M. Boynton. D. D.
Treasurer E. Lawrence Barnard.
Field Secretary W . A. Duncan. Ph. D.
District Secretary Rev. W. F. McMillen, room
1008 Association bldg., IfvSLaSalle-st.. Chicago.
Mlxxlnnary and Primary Instructor Mrs. Mary
K. Bryner.
Manager Western Agency E. Herrick Brown.
175 Wabash avenue.
Headquarters Congregational House, Boston.
HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.
President Gen. O. O. Howard, Burlington, Vt
Treasurer William B. Rowland.
Secretaries Joseph B. Clark, D. D., Washington
Choate, D. D.
Secretary Woman's Department Mrs. Harriet
S. Caswell.
Editor ffome'Missionary, etc. A. H.Clapp, D.D.
Headquarters 4th avenue and 22d street
N. Y. City.
CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY.
President Dr. Lucien C. Warner, N. Y. City.
Secretary Rev. L. H. Cobb, D. D.. New York.
Field Secretaries Rev. O. H. Taintor, Chicago;
Rev. George A. Hood, Boston; Rev. H. H
Wikoff, Berkeley, Cal.
Headquarters 4th avenue and 22d street
New York.
EDUCATION SOCIETY.
President Vf . H.Wilcox, D. D., Maiden, Mass
Secretary Rev. W. E. Barton. D. D.
Treasurer S. F. Wilkins.
! Headquarters Congregational House. Boston
193
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.-CONTINUED
MINISTERIAL RELIEF.
Chairman Rev. H. A. Stimson, D. D.,N.Y. City.
Secretary N. H. Whittlesey, D. D., New Haven,
Conn.
Treasurer Rev. S B. Forbes, 206 Wethersfleld
avenue, Hartford, Conn.
Headquar ers 135 Wall street, Hartford, Coon.
NATIONAL TRIENNIAL COUNCIL.
Rev. Henry A. Hazen. D. D.. Au^urndale,
Mass., Statistical Secretary and Editor of
"Congregational Year-Book."
BAPTIST DENOMINATION.
Missionary Uni<m Rev. Henry F. Colby, D. D.,
president, Dayton. O.
Publication* Society S. A. Crozer, president,
Home Mission Society Stephen H. Greene,
president. Boston. Mass.
Historical Society Lemuel Moss, D. D., Phila-
Upland, Pa. delphia, Pa.
Education Society E. B. Hulbert, D. D., president, Chicago, 111.
SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION.
Judge Jonathan Harolson, pres., Montgom-
ery, Ala.
Foreign Mission Board Prof. C. H. Winston,
president, Richmond, Va.:R. J. Willingham,
corresponding secretary, Richmond, Va.
SundaySchool Board E. E. Folk, pres., Nash-
vUle.Tenn. ; J. M. Frost, sec.. Nashvillo.Tenn.
Home Mission Board Rev. Henry McDonald,
president, Atlanta. Ga ; I. T. Tichenor, D. D .
corresponding secretary, Atlanta, Ga.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Stated Clerk and Treasurer Rev. William H
Roberts, D. D., 1334 Chestnut street, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Permanent Clerk Rev. William E. Moore,
D. D., Columbus. O.
TRCSTBBS.
President George Jnnkln, Esq.
Treasurer Frank K. Hippie, 1340 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Recording Secretary Jacob Wilson.
Office Publication House, 1334 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
BOARD OP HOME MISSIONS SUSTENTATION.
Secretary Rev. Charles L. Thompson, D. D.
Treasurer Henry C. Olin.
Superintendent of Schools Rev. G. F. McAfee.
Secretary of Young People's Department Miss
M. K. Jones.
Office Presbyterian House, 156 5th avenue.
New York city.
BOARD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS.
Secre' aru Emeritus Rev. John C. Lowrie, D. D.
Corresponding Secretaries Rev. Frank F. El-
linwood. D. D.; Rev. John Gillespie. D. D.;
Mr. Robert E. Speer and Rev. Arthur J.
Brown, D. D.
Treasurer Charles W. Hand.
Field Secre'aryRev. Thomas Marshall, D. D.,
48 McCormick block, Chicago, 111.
Office Presbyterian House, 156 5th avenue,
New York city.
BOARD OP EDUCATION.
Corresponding Secretary Rev. Edward B.
Hodge, D. D.
Treasurer Jacob Wilson.
OJlce Publication House, 1334 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
BOARD OF PUBLICATION AND SABBATH
SCHOOL WORK.
Secretary Rev. Elijah R. Craven, D. D.
Superintendent of Sabbath School and Mission-
ary Work Rev. James A. Worden, D. D.
Editorial Superintend*)!.' Rev.J.R.Miller.D.D.
Business Superintendent John H. Scribner.
Manufacturer Henry F. Sheetz.
Treasurer Rev. C. T. McMullin.
Office Publication House, 1334 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
BOARD OF CHURCH ERECTION.
Corresponding Secretary Rev. Erskine N.
White, D. D.
Treasurer Adam Campbell.
Office Presbyterian House, 156 5th avenue,
New York city.
BOARD OP MINISTERIAL RELIEF.
Correspond ng Secretary Rev.B.L.Agnew,D.D.
Recording Secrebiru and Treasurer Rev. Wil-
liam W. Heberton.
Office Publication House, 1334 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
BOARD OP FHEEDMEN.
Corresponding Secretary Rev. Edward P.
Cowan, D. D.
Recording Secretary Rev.SamuelJ.Fisher.D.D.
Treasurer Rev. John J. Beacom, D. D.
Office 516 Market street, Pittsburg, Pa.
BOARD OP AID FOR COLLEGES AND
ACADEMIES.
Corresponding Sec'y Rev. Edward C. Ray. D.D.
Office Room 30 Montauk block, 115 Monroe
street, Chicago, 111.
COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BENEFICENTE.
Chairman Rev. W. H. Hubbard, D. D., Au
burn, N. Y.
Secretary Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, 56 Wall
street, New York city.
COMMITTEE ON TEMPERANCE.
Chairman Rev. John J. Beacom, D. D., 51(5
Market street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Corresponding Secretary Rev. John F. Hill,
Pittsburg, Pa.
Recording Secre'ary George Irwln, P. O. box
14, Allegheny, Pa.
Treasurer Rev. James Allison, D. D., Pitts-
burg, Pa.
PRESBYTERIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
President Rev. W. C. Cattell, p. D., LL. D.
Librarian Rev. W. L. Ledwith, D. D., 1531
Tioga street, Philadelphia.
Corresponding Secretary Rev. Samuel T.
Lowrie, D. D., 1827 Pine street, Philadelphia.
Recording Secre ory Rev. James Price, 107
East Lehigh avenue. Philadelphia.
Treasurer Deb. K. Ludwig, Ph. D.,3739 Walnut
street, Philadelphia.
TREASURERS OF SYNODICAL HOME MISSIONS
AND SUSTENTATION.
Sew Jersey W. M. Lanning, Trenton, N. J.
IffW York A. P. Stevens. National Savings
Bank Building, Albany, N. Y.
Pennsylvania Frank K. Hippie, 1340 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Baltimore D. C. Ammldon,31 South Frederick
street, Baltimore, Md.
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
193
SStteranccs o State Conbcnttons.
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT VARIOUS STATE CONVENTIONS ON NATIONAL
QUESTIONS.
THE FINANCES.
[Where parties are omitted no declaration was made.]
ALABAMA.
REPUBLICAN.
We hereby reaffirm our faith in and al-
legiance to the principles of the republican
party, and we do also indorse the national
platform of the party adopted in conven-
tion at St. Louis in 1896.
We specifically declare in favor of a pro-
tective tariff and for a sound and stable
currency, both of which give employment
alike to labor and capital and provide suf-
ficient revenue in time of peace to run the
government without a resort to bond issue,
which can only be justified in time of war.
DEMOCRATIC.
We do reaffirm OUT unalterable faith in
the principles declared in our platform,
adopted in 1896, and especially in the plat-
form adopted at Chicago in July of the
same year, not so much because those plat-
forms were declarations of our party, but
for the much higher reason that the prin-
ciples therein announced are the principles
upon which the democratic party and the
federal government are founded and be-
cause those principles are eternally true.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
Free coinage of gold and silver at the
ratio of 16 to 1, and that all other money
shall be issued by the federal government
and shall be a legal tender for all the pub-
lic and private dues and demands, with in-
hibition by law of uny contract that annuls
the full exactions of these requirements,
and with no one kind of money redeemable
in any other kind of money. We denounce
the effort to increase the national bonded
debt by placing the sovereign power in the
ridiculous position of borrowing what it
alone has power to create, and insist that
no bond should be issued until the volume
of currency shall reach $50 per capita.
ARKANSAS.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our adherence to the doctrine
of sound money, by which every dollar,
gold, silver or paper, put forth under the
sanction of the government shall be equal
to every other dollar.
DEMOCRATIC.
We indorse the national platform of the
democratic party adopted at Chicago, in its
national convention of 1896, and reaffirm the
principles therein enunciated.
CALIFORNIA.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our belief in the financial
plank of the republican national platform
of 1896 as being a sound and correct expo-
sition of the views of the republican party
upon the finances of the country. We com-
mend the efforts of the national administra-
tion to secure an international monetary
agreement, and urge that the attempt be
renewed whenever an opportunity to do so
shall be presented.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm our allegiance to the national
platform of the democratic party adopted
at Chicago in 1896, and specifically declare
our adherence to the paramount purpose
enunciated in that platform, viz. : A return
to the constitutional system of free and un-
limited coinage of both gold and silver as
money at the ratio of 16 to 1, without wait-
ing for the consent of any other nation.
PROHIBITION.
The stability of our money system is based
upon the industry and sobriety of the citi-
zen. We believe that the currency problem
has been largely produced by the brewery
and distillery, which, through their agents,
the saloons, have drawn from the products
of our workingmen silver to be piled up use-
lessly in the banks, and, after being
changed for gold, to be largely shipped to
foreign countries.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We demand the free and unrestricted coin-
age of silver and gold at the present legal
ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the aid
or consent of any other nation, and we are
unalterably opposed to the policy of the re-
publican party in demanding the retirement
of greenbacks and the surrender to national
banks of the sovereign power of issuing
money, and we especially denounce the
avowed attempt of said party to fasten upon
the country irrevocably and forever the
single gold standard.
We demand a national money, safe and
sound, issued by the general government
only, without the intervention of banks of
issue, to be full legal tender for all debts,
public and private; also a just, equitable
and efficient means of distribution direct to
the people through the lawful disburse-
ments of the government.
We demand that the volume of circulating
medium be speedily increased to an amount
business and population of the country a
to restore the just level of prices of labor
and production.
We demand such legislation as will pre-
vent for the future the demonetization of
any kind of legal-tender money by private
contract.
We demand that the government, in pay-
ment of its obligations, shall use its option
as to the kind of money in which they are
to be paid, and we denounce the present and
preceding administrations for surrendering
this option to the holders of government ob-
ligations.
we demand that there shall be no further
issue of United States interest-bearing
bonds. __
COLORADO.
REPUBLICAN.
We favor the restoration of the money of
the constitution by throwing open the mints
194
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
of the country to the free and unlimited
coinage of gold and silver at the ratio of
16 to 1.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democratic party of the state of Colo-
rado reaffirms the fundamental principles of
the national democratic platform adopted in
Chicago In 1896. The free and unlimited
coinage of silver and gold at the ratio of 16
to 1, and without the consent of any other
nation on earth, is nd must remain the
paramount issue in American polities until
It is accomplished by national legislation.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
The silver republicans of the state of
Colorado again declare their allegiance to
the cause of bimetallism and demand the
restoration of silver to an equal plaue of
dignity and power with gold as a monetary
metal, and that the mints of the United
States be opened to the coinage of both sil-
ver and gold at the old ratio of 16 to 1,
without asking or awaiting the aid or con-
sent of any other nation. The gold standard
was Introduced to the financial systems of
the leading nations of the world twenty-five
years ago, without popular demand or
knowledge, and has proved a disastrous ex-
periment from that time to this. Numerous
international conventions have been called
for the sole purpose of getting rid of It,
and in every leading nation commissions al-
most without number appointed to investi-
gate the progressive depression in agricul-
ture and trade have reported in favor of its
abolition.
By depriving silver of its rights and by
vastly adding to the demand for gold the
par of exchange between gold-using and sil-
ver-using nations has been broken and trade
between them reduced to a game of hazard.
The increased necessity of attempting to do
more business with less money has involved
a ruinous fall of prices, with resulting dis-
couragement to enterprises, loss of employ-
ment to labor, multiplication of the bur-
dens of debt, taxes and fixed charges, the
growth of trusts and combines, and the ag-
grandizement of the hoarders as against the
producers of wealth.
We declare that the only practicable
method of restoring unvexed commercial re-
lations between gold-using and silver-using
countries, and of stopping the fall of prices
with its resultant wrongs, is to be found in
a return to the time-honored policy of bi-
metallism. The evil results of the gold-
standard experiment are not denied by its
advocates and they stand mute in the face
of a demand for a remedy. To enforce the
gold standard throughout the world is im-
possible. The present condition is intolera-
ble. The silver republican party and its al-
lies believe that the issue thus presented
is the most Important in American politics
and calls for settlement before all others.
We arraign the gold-standard republican
party for its attempted deception of the
American people by false pretenses in favor
of an international agreement for the free
coinage of silver, while actively engaged in
furthering the designs of the gold monopoly
and the bankers' trust, and we congratulate
the American people that in the present at-
titude of the administration and in the
declarations of the leading republican state
conventions of this year the nation at last
has frank avowal by that party of its abso-
lute surrender to the gold-standard system.
In the state of Colorado an especial effort
has been made to cloak and disguise the de-
signs of the supporters of the gold standard.
The history of these times is a woeful chap-
ter In the literature of political dissimula-
tion. It has within the last few days
reached Its appropriate culmination In an
act which has disgraced the state and may
well appall the citizenship of the country.
The advocates of tha gold standard in Colo-
rado have attempted the theft of a whole
political party. The unfortunate occurrence
at the opera house in Colorado Springs on
the morning of-Sept. 7 is a fit illustration of
the desperation of these men and of the ex-
tent to which they are willing to go In
furtherance of this scheme to thwart the
will of the silver republicans of Colorado.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The people's party of the state of Colorado
reaffirms its unswerving allegiance to tee
principles of the Omaha and St. Louis na-
tional platforms of 1892 and 1896. We be-
lieve the financial question to be the para-
mount question of the present campaign,
and we reiterate our demand for the free
and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at
the constitutional rate of 16 to 1.
CONNECTICUT.
REPUBLICAN.
After the experience of the last two years
it [the party] reaffirms its advocacy of th
single standard of value, and that standard
gold, as the only financial policy which will
assure public confidence and national credit
at home and abroad, and which will pro-
mote such Investment of capital in the en-
terprise of commerce, trade and manufac-
ture as will insure a remunerative employ-
ment to the farmers, mechanics and wage-
earners of America.
It believes that the impossibility of effect-
ing an international agreement with the
leading commercial nations of the world for
the free coinage of silver has been clearly
demonstrated. It therefore favors such na-
tional monetary legislation as will main-
tain our paper and silver currency at a
parity with gold, by which the weight of a
gold dollar shall be established at the pres-
ent standard, and by which every paper and
silver dollar and every obligation for the
payment of money shall be redeemable in
gold, and such changes as in our present
monetary system as will furnish ample
credit facilities for conducting business in
all parts of the country, by the retirement
of government notes and the issue of bank
notes so secured as to insure their redemp-
tion in gold of the present standard of fine-
ness. To the accomplishment of these re-
sults it cordially asks the co-operation and
support of all gold democrats and patriotic
Americans, and earnestly invites them to
unite in the support of Its platform and
tickets.
DELAWARE.
REPUBLICAN.
Believing that the money of the govern-
ment should be the best in the world, and
that its value should be unquestioned every-
where, we demand the maintenance by the
government of the present gold standard of
the value of said money, that notes of the
government payable on demand shall only
be issued when gold to the amount of the
notes so issued is deposited with the na-
tional treasury for the redemption thereof.
And that the gold so deposited shall be pre-
. UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
195
served and kept in said treasury for the
sole purpose of redeeming such notes.
DEMOCRATIC.
The necessity of reforming our currency
system is admitted on all sides and con-
fessed by the president himself (who sent
a monetary commission abroad to consult
foreign governments and asked for the ap-
pointment of another monetary commission
to consider the question here at home); but,
notwithstanding the admitted evils of our
present complicated, illogical and injurious
currency system, the republican congress
and administration have taken no positive
and effective measure for reform.
GEORGIA.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm and indorse the democratic
national platform as adopted at Chicago in
1896, and especially do we reiterate and
urge its declaration upon the question of
currency reform and the free and unlimited
coinage of both gold and silver at the exist-
ing ratio of 16 to 1, and without the aid or
consent of any other nation. We emphasize
the declaration of that platform and also of
the platform of the Georgia democracy of
the same year, in its unalterable opposition
to the single gold standard, and we hold
that events have justified the truth of every
charge made against it in the campaign of
1896.
IDAHO.
REPUBLICAN.
We heartily indorse the financial policy
of the republican party as the same has
been applied to the management of the
financial affairs of the government.
DEMOCRATIC.
Demands "the free and unlimited coinage
of both gold and silver at the present es-
tablished ratio of 16 to 1 by independent
action of the United States, without wait-
ing for the consent or permission of other
nations."
ILLINOIS.
| REPUBLICAN.
We invite the attention of the people of
Illinois to the fact that upon the surrender
by the republican party in 1893 of the affairs
of the nation to the democratic party there
was then and there closed an era of prosper-
ity unprecedented in this country; that fol-
lowing the inauguration of President Cleve-
land in 1893 new policies of administration
were adopted, old. tried and approved
policies of the republican party were re-
jected, and there followed an era of busi-
ness depression, commercial distress, finan-
cial embarrassment and injury to labor too
familiar to all, and of greater evil than had
occurred in this country since the close of
the war of the rebellion.
The republican party was restored to pow-
er in 1897 and was confronted with the prob-
lem of restoring to the people of the United
States a greater and more reasonable meas-
ure of prosperity. To do this President Mc-
Kinley convened congress in session in
eleven days after his inauguration. The re-
publicnn party was unable to see how
prosperity could be brought to the laborer
and to business by paying labor in d^preci-
ated currency and transacting business upon
such a basis. Properly to protect labor and
capital and maintain a safe and sound cur-
rency were made the cardinal doctrines of
the party. The revenues of the government,
which had run down until they were far
inadequate to meet the current expenses of
the government, gradually began to increase
until they reached a sum equal to the neces-
sary normal current requirements of the
government. Labor, which had been poorly
paid and much of it- idle, found employment
at increased wages. In short, the conditions
of the country were so developed that it
was possible that the mass of the people
might become more prosperous. To all of
which we point with most commendable
pride.
DEMOCRATIC.
Pledges the party to "the free and un-
limited coinage of both silver and gold at
the present established ratio of 16 to 1, by
independent action of the United States,
without waiting for the consent or permis-
sion of other nations."
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We are uncompromisingly opposd to
banks of issue under any name or title
whatsoever. Both of the old parties during
their entire existence have both favored and
fathered such labor-robbing institutions.
We are opposed to the issuance of govern-
ment treasury notes, promises to pay some
body in coin, because that somebody ever
has and ever will be the money changer, a
vile and useless creature who under and by
means of such a system of money has been
the overshadowing curse of all nations in
all ages of the world. Both of the old
parties by virtue of the influences that con-
trol them are eternally pledged to a re-
deemable currency, the one favoring a sin-
gle gold redeemer, the other favoring two
redeemers, silver and gold.
We stand unalterably opposed under any
circumstances to the issuance of interest-
bearing United States bonds. Both of the
old parties are wedded to the bond and
bondage method of raising money.
We believe it to be the right and the duty
of the people in their governmental capacity
to issue full legal-tender paper money in
such amounts as the industrial and business
needs of the country may from time to time
require, and that without any regard what-
ever to the wish or will of a panic-making,
business-paralyzing, labor-enslaving and
man-degrading money trust, composed of
money changers at home or abroad. Both
of the old parties during their entire exist-
ence have been wedded to the single or
double barreled specie basis system of
money, by means of which nothing but gold,
or gold and silver, can be a full legal tender
for debts within the United States.
We demand, as long as either of the
metals is used as money, the independent,
free and unlimited coinage of both silver
and gold at the ratio of 16 to 1.
INDIANA.
REPUBLICAN.
196
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
sure to debase our money and destroy our
private credit and cause general business
disaster. We recognize the necessity of
comprehensive and enlightened money legis-
lation, and believe that the declaration in
the St. Louis national republican platform
for the maintenance of tne gold standard
and the parity of all our forms of money
should be given the vitality of public law
and the money of the American people
should be made, like all its institutions,
the best in the world.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm and emphasize the platform
adopted by the national democratic conven-
tion of 1896 at Chicago. We are in favor of
the free and unlimited coinage of both gold
and silver at the existing ratio of 16 to 1,
without the aid or consent of any other
nation.
We are unalterably opposed to the single
gold standard, and we specially protest
against the declared purpose of the present
republican secretary of the treasury of ap-
plying that policy more thoroughly. We be-
lieve that the practice of the treasury in
paying treasury notes in gold only. In viola-
tion of law, and in surrendering the option
of the government, reserved by the statute,
to pay in gold or silver, Is chiefly responsi-
ble for the great money depression now and
for so long a period existing in this country,
Is destructive of business enterprise, dan-
gerous to the public credit and the prosper-
ity of the people and a serious menace to
the national honor.
IOWA.
REPUBLICAN.
The experience of the last two years
has fully approved the gold-standard policy
of the republican party as declared by the
national convention of 1896. We recognize
the necessity of comprehensive and enlight-
ened monetary legislation. The monetary
standard of this country and the commer-
cial world is gold. The permanence of this
standard must be assured by congressional
legislation, giving to it the validity and
vitality of public law. All of the money
must be kept at a parity with gold. Our
money, like our institutions, should be main-
tained equal to the best in the world. On
this plank we invite the support of all
voters who desire honesty and stability in
business affairs and an immediate and per-
manent settlement of the question of the
standard of value.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democracy of Iowa discern in the
democratic national platform of 1896, which
we hereby heartily reaffirm, the best ex-
pression of democratic principles enunciated
since Thomas Jefferson wrote the declara-
tion of independence. The utterances of
that platform concerning finance explicitly
define our faith on the money question.
The free and unlimited coinage of silver
and gold at the ratio of 16 to 1 we hold to
be indispensable to the financial, industrial
and political independence of our people,
and recognizing William J. Bryan as pre-
eminently the representative and exponent
of the platform we earnestly favor his
nomination for president of the United
States in 1900.
We impeach the republican party of crim-
inal insincerity in declaring for bimetallism
in its national platforms of 1888 and 1892
and for international bimetallism in 1896
and now in its latest state platform un-
equivocally committing itself to the gold
standard. And we denounce as being dan-
gerous to the public welfare the proposal
for legislation involving the conversion of
the 500,000,000 silver dollars and the $346,-
000,000 of greenbacks first into exclusive
fold obligations and next into an interest-
earing bonded debt and filling the vacuum
created by the obliteration of the nearly
$1,000,000,000 of legal-tender money with
non-legal-tender bank notes.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We, the sliver republicans of Iowa, reaf-
firm our adherence to the Chicago platform
of 1896.
The legal ratio being 16 to 1, we demand
that there shall be no tinkering with that
ratio at the instance of those who are trying
to create confusion in the interest of the
gold standard.
We view with alarm the programme of
the so-called "Honest Honey league" to re-
tire all government currency by the sale of
interest-bearing bonds and the substitution
therefor of national bank notes, and declare
that the issuance of money is an act of
sovereignty and demand that all money of
every kind shall be issued by the general
government.
We believe a tax upon that part of an in-
come in excess of $4,000 is juster than to tax
the mortgage given to secure a debt. The
one asks prosperity to contribute, the other
tends to tax misfortune and add to its bur-
dens.
We denounce the shameless abandonment
by the so-called republicans of Iowa of the
declaration for the free coinage of silver in
the platform at St. Louis in 1896 and the
substitution therefor of the currency plank
of the gold democrats adopted at Indian-
apolis in that year.
In the language of the republican national
platform adopted at Minneapolis, we believe
"that the American people, by tradition
and interest, are bimetallists and demand
the use of both gold and silver as standard
money," and in the further language of a
platform adopted by the republicans of the
state of Iowa: "T\hereas, the silver dollar
was the unit of value from the foundation
of the federal government up to 1873, the
law under which its coinage was suspended
should be repealed at the earliest possible
day and silver made, with gold, a legal
tender for the payment of all debts, both
public and private."
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
For the purpose of meeting the obligations
of our contracts and for foreign commerce
the free and unlimited coinage of gold and
silver at the ratio of 16 to 1 meets our ap-
proval, but for internal commerce the truly
scientific money of the United States is a
money issued solely by the government,
without the intervention of corporations;
such a money should be full legal tender for
all debts, public and private, without any
exception or limitation; it should be re-
ceived by the government in payment of
all public dues. It should be issued
in volume commensurate with the busi-
ness demands of the country and In-
crease of population. It would stimulate
business instead of repressing It. It would
tend to stability of prices and wages, and
such a money, when not discredited by the
government Issuing it, would be beyond the
reach of speculators and would never be dis-
credited by a loyal people.
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
197
KANSAS.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm the principles enunciated In
the national republican platform of 1896 and
direct attention to the fact tnat every prom-
ise has been kept and every prediction has
been verified. We heartily approve the pol-
icy of President McKinley in the prepara-
tion for and conduct of the war and pledge
to him our loyal support in this contest,
begun as it was at the dictates of humanity
and waged as It Is for the honor of the
nation and the freedom of the oppressed.
DEMOCRATIC.
We, the democrats of Kansas, pledge our
allegiance to the principles of the renewed
democracy which found expression in the
democratic national platform of 1896. We
stand to-day for every principle therein
enunciated and especially for the free and
unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the
ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the
consent of foreign nations. We take special
pleasure in recording our appreciation and
indorsement of the splendid campaign
waged in behalf of people's rights by their
intrepid champion, who stands in merit and
esteem with the historic leaders of democ-
racy, William J. Bryan.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We demand the free and unlimited coin-
age of gold and silver at the ratio of 16 of
silver to 1 of gold and the issue of legal-
tender notes good for all debts in preference
to the issue of interest-bearing bonds.
We oppose the issuance of all bonds and
we condemn the republican party for its ac-
tion In fastening upon the people a large
bonded debt ostensibly for war revenue, but
in reality for the perpetuation of the na-
tional banking system.
MAINE.
REPUBLICAN.
Demand "a currency for business and
labor, the soldier and tne pensioner, that Is
as good as gold the world over; all neces-
sary legislation in the Interest of labor, of
temperance, education and economy In the
state administration."
DEMOCRATIC.
An unqualified Indorsement of the princi-
ples of the Chicago platform.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We are opposed to the labor-robbing in-
stitutions known as national banks, and de-
mand that the government alone shall have
the power to issue money and regulate the
value thereof; this money should be a full
legal tender for all debts, public and pri-
vate, and issued in sufficient volume to
transact the legitimate business of the
country.
The system of issuing bonds In every pub-
lic emergency is most dangerous and per-
nicious and should be strictly prohibited by
the American people.
As long as the barbaric system of metal
money is retained we demand that silver
should receive the same recognition as gold
and be admitted to our mints for free coin-
age In the ratio of 16 to 1.
MASSACHUSETTS.
REPUBLICAN.
We affirm anew our support of sound
money. True to the pledge of the St. Louis
platform, the president and congress, ear-
nestly and in good faith, strove to secure
an agreement of the great commercial na-
tions for the coinage of silver and gold at
an established ratio. The attempt has ut-
terly failed. All our currency must rest
upon the single gold standard. Every dollar
must be kept equal in value to the dollar
in gold. All government Indebtedness
which, by the terms of the contract, Is pay-
able in coin must be paid in gold at the
option of the creditor. We rejoice in the
defeat of the Teller resolution in a repub-
lican house of representatives as the repulse
of an attack upon the integrity of our mone-
tary system and the fair fame of the re-
public.
The time has come for the reform of our
currency In the direction of the ready con-
version of its different forms, each into the
other, and the redemption of all in gold
upon demand, with adequate provision for
the extension of banking facilities to the ag-
ricultural and sparsely settled portions of
the country, to the end that in those sections
capital may be responsive to the demands
of business and lower rates of interest pre-
vail.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democracy of Massachusetts indorses
and reaffirms with emphasis and profound
conviction the great and patriotic platform
of principles adopted by the party in na-
tional convention at Chicago in 1896. In
that year both political parties, confronted
by a disastrous depression in production and
general business, by the distress of labor,
y the condition of financial affairs and the
monetary system in particular, declared a
return to bimetallism to be a measure calcu-
lated to remedy the existing evils.
The republican party, impressed with the
importance of the restoration of bimetal-
lism, pledged itself to promote the same by
international agreement, while the demo-
cratic party declared that the United
States, with or without the co-operation of
other nations, should restore the free and
unlimited coinage of silver and gold.
After two years we find the promises of
the victorious party wholly unfulfilled. The
business of our country is, in reality, in a
more deplorable condition than in 1896. The
promised prosperity has not been realized;
nothing better than a specious local activity
has anywhere appeared. The general in-
dustrial and economic condition runs at
even a lower ebb than when the present
administration was put into power. The
wages of labor have been reduced. Thou-
sands of workingmen have been thrown out
of employment in the dead of winter; other
thousands are working on part time and are
struggling desperately with adverse condi-
tions.
The futile policy of the republican admin-
istration in sending a commission to Europe
to secure international bimetallism and at
the same time in thwarting and bringing to
naught every effort of that commission and
In making Its success impossible has re-
vealed the predetermined purpose of the re-
publican party to violate Us pledges to the
American people and to prevent bimetallism
in any form, not only in the United States,
but throughout the world.
The democratic party, with a conviction
and persistency which have now boon con-
firmed by the observation and experience of
two additional years of disaster, again de-
mands the return to bimetallism by restor-
ing silver and gold to coinage at the ratio
which was maintained during so many pros-
198
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
perous years In the history of our country,
the ratio of 16 to 1.
PEOPLE'S PARTT.
We believe in an invariable dollar. To se-
cure this our currency should consist of a
volume of legal-tender notes issued only by
the government as standard money, ex-
panded or contracted as shall be necessary
to make the dollar buy always the same
average of a selected number of staple com-
modities.
As a measure of immediate relief we
favor the free coinage of silver and gold at
the ratio of 16 to 1.
MICHIGAN.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm the principles of the St. Louis
platform and pledge them our support as a
sure guaranty of national prosperity and
honor. We stand upon the existing gold
standard and condemn the proposition to
admit silver to free and unlimited coinage
at the ratio of 16 to 1 by this country alone,
believing that such a proposition would ir-
reparably disturb business already recover-
ing from the shock of democratic rule.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democracy of Michigan In state con-
vention assembled hereby reaffirms its loy-
alty and devotion to the platform adopted
at Chicago in 1896.
UNION SILVER PARTT.
We. the representatives of the union sil-
ver party of Michigan, in convention assem-
bled, do heartily declare our loyalty and un-
swerving fidelity to the principles of bimet-
allism and demand the restoration of silver
to equal coinage privilege with gold at the
ratio of 16 of silver to 1 of gold, and that all
money, whether gold, silver or paper, shall
be issued by the government direct, without
the aid or intervention of national banks or
banking corporations, and that such money
shall be a legal tender for all dues and de-
mands, public and private.
Whereas, The present administration has
proved its utter Inability to bring about In-
ternational bimetallism, so called, and Sec-
retary Gage and President McKinley have
by numerous utterances committed the re-
publican party to the principles of the single
gold standard as enunciated and set forth
by the Indianapolis Sound Money league,
so called, therefore, be it
Resolved, That we invite all friends of bi-
metallism to stand with us in a united ef-
fort to preserve both gold and silver as the
basic currency of the nation at the present
ratio.
Resolved, That we view with alarm the
rapidity with which the gold-standard pol-
icy inaugurated by Grover Cleveland and
championed by Hanna, Gage and McKinley
is bonding the nation, and we point to the
lamentable fact that since the adoption of
said policy in 1893 $665,000.000 in bonds have
been Issued. We point to this as proof of
the claim of bimetallists that the only way
to maintain the single gold standard is to
continue and even increase the national
debt.
PEOPLE'S PARTT.
We, the representatives of the people's
party of Michigan, in convention assembled
this 22d day of June, 1898, in the city of
Grand Rapids, hereby reaffirm our adher-
ence to the principles enunciated at the
Omaha convention, as reaffirmed at St.
Louis and in Bay City in 1896.
We demand that all money, whether gold,
silver or paper, shall be issued by the gov-
ernment and shall be full legal tender for
all debts, public and private.
We demand the free and unlimited coin-
age of silver at the present legal ratio of
16 to 1.
We are unalterably opposed to the issu-
ance of interest-bearing bonds by the na-
tional government.
PEOPLE'S (MIDDLE-OF-THE-ROAD).
We demand a national money, safe and
sound, based on the wealth, industry and
loyalty of the whole people of the United
States, on the whole property therein and
on the stability of our republic, in which we
have unbounded confidence under the intelli-
gent direction of the producers of wealth
the plow holders but no confidence while It
remains under the dominating influence of
the money power the bond holders and
that such money be of paper, issued by the
national government only, without the in-
tervention of banking corporations, and
be made a full legal tender for all debts, In-
cluding taxes and duties to the United
States, and that it shall not be made re-
deemable in metallic coin.
We demand the free ana unrestricted
coinage of silver and gold at the legal ratio
of 16 to 1, regardless of foreign nations,
so to increase and cheapen the volume of
metallic money, as compared with all other
forms of property and wages, that the gov-
ernment and people may obtain the means
at less sacrifice to meet and cancel their
metallic coin obligations according to the
letter of the contract; and to prevent such
exigency for the future we demand that all
public and private contracts be henceforth
made, under legal enactment, payable in
lawful money of the United States, and that
metallic coin contracts be forbidden.
MINNESOTA.
REPUBLICAN.
The republicans of Minnesota in conven-
tion assembled congratulate the country on
the evident signs of returning prosperity,
largely due to the party's unswerving alle-
giance to the cause of sound money and the
wise revenue legislation of the republican
congress.
We believe the national honor and the
material interests of the American people
require the maintenance of the present gold
standard. We declare our unalterable op-
position to the free coinage of silver and
all schemes looking to the debasement of
the currency and the repudiation of debts.
We condemn the continual agitation of free
silver as tending to debauch the public
morals and jeopardize the prosperity of
the country, the highest interests of which
demand at all times a sound and stable
financial system.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democrats of Minnesota in convention
assembled hereby reaffirm the Chicago na-
tional democratic platform and pledge to it
their unswerving support until its principles
shall have become the established govern-
mental policy.
We recall with pride the courage and gal-
lant leadership of our late presidential
candidate, William J. Bryan. His devotion
to the principles of free government and his
splendid elucidation of those principles in
UTTERANCES OP STATE CONVENTIONS.
199
the campaign entitle him to the lasting
gratitude of tho people.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our attachment and loyalty
to the principles of Washington, Jefferson,
Lincoln and Bryan.
We reaffirm and indorse the principles
laid down in the platform of the national
republican convention which met in Min-
neapolis in 1892, which declared as follows:
"The American people, from tradition and
interest, favor bimetallism. The republican
party demands the use of both gold and
silver as standard money."
We denounce and repudiate the humilia-
ting and degenerate doctrine of the national
republican platform, adopted at St. Louis
in 1896, dictated by the gold monopoly forces
of the world and the great trusts and cor-
porations which contributed so liberally to
its campaign fund, to the effect that the
gold standard must be maintained in this
country until foreign nations consent to our
use of silver as standard money.
MISSOURI.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our faith in the declaration
of principles of the republican party of 1896,
and in this connection we call the attention
of the people to the fact that the national
administration, under the control and with
the support of the republican party, has
faithfully redeemed every pledge in that
platform; has restored the public credit,
dispelled panic and depression, revived in-
dustry and trade, reopened the factories
and workshops of the nation, renewed and
restored enterprise and production, and
given full protection to American citizens
and American interests at home and abroad,
inspired the American people with renewed
hope and new and honorable aspirations,
and has again demonstrated that the repub-
lican party is the party of progress, entitled
to the confidence of the people and furnish-
ing in its administration of public affairs
the surest proof of the stability and success
of free institutions.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democrats of Missouri relndorse the
national platform adopted at Chicago in
1896, and especially do we renew our de-
mand for the free and unlimited coinage of
silver and gold at the present legal ratio of
16 to 1, without waiting for the consent of
any other nation, and this demand we espe-
cially emphasize at this time by reasserting
our belief that the money question is and
will remain the most important of all po-
litical questions affecting the prosperity and
happiness of our people until it is finally
settled by the restoration of bimetallic coin-
age in accordance with our demand. And
we declare our unswerving confidence in Col.
William J. Bryan as the leading exponent
of the foregoing principles.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
Resolved, That we favor the issue of full
legal-tender paper money to pay the ex-
penses of the Spanish-American war, and
that we are unalterably opposed to the is-
sue of interest-bearing bonds either in time
of war or peace.
MONTANA.
REPUBLICAN.
We Indorse without reservation or excep-
tion the declaration of principles adopted
by the last national republican convention
as promising wise policies of public action
and bringing to the country a prosperity
which we have not heretofore known.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democrats of Montana in state con-
vention assembled reaffirm their belief in the
great principles of Jeffersonian democracy
as expressed in the Chicago platform. They
declare that the free and unlimited coinage
of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1 is the para-
mount issue of American politics to-day.
They enthusiastically and loyally accept
and support the leadership of William J.
Bryan, whose record meets their entire ap-
probation and admiration.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our belief in and devotion to
the principle of bimetallism as expressed in
the declaration for the free coinage of silver
and gold at a ratio of 16 to 1 by the Inde-
pendent action of the United States, and
that we firmly believe the only method
through which this desirable result can be
attained and the country placed on a basis
of permanent prosperity is the policy of a
fusion of the silver forces so clearly and
ably outlined by William J. Bryan and
other national leaders in the movement for
the restoration of silver as money of ulti-
mate redemption.
NEBRASKA.
REPUBLICAN.
We favor the payment of our soldiers and
sailors in the same money paid bondholders.
We reaffirm unswerving allegiance to the
principles enunciated in the republican na-
tional platform of 1896. We are in favor of
the maintenance of the present gold stand-
ard and unalterably opposed to the free and
unlimited coinage of silver.
DEMOCRATIC.
We are proud to belong to a party that
acknowledges as its chieftain and leader the
Hon. W. J. Bryan, the people's champion,
whom arm is ever lifted in defense of their
rights and in redressing their wrongs wheth-
er in peace or in war.
We renew our allegiance to the principles
taught by Thomas Jefferson and courageous-
ly defended by Andrew Jackson, and we de-
mand that the great political problems of
to-day be solved by the application of these
principles to the present conditions; and,
therefore, reaffirm our adherence to the
platform of 1896, adopted by the democratic
party in national convention assembled.
And that the paramount issue of the cam-
paign of 1900 ought and will be the restora-
tion of our monetary system to its position
prior to 1873, the free and unlimited coinage
of the two metals at the ratio of 16 to 1,
and believe that no permanent prosperity
will reward the efforts of our producers
until such a law is enacted.
We believe that all money issued by the
government, whether gold, silver or paper,
should be made a full legal tender for all
debts, public and private, and that no cit-
izen should be permitted to demonetize by
contract that which the government makes
money by law.
We further declare that we are opposed
to banks of igsue, and demand that all
money, whether gold, silver or paper, shall
be issued by the national government.
While always willing and ready to furnish
200
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
for the support of the nation in her hour of
peril every dollar of our property and every
possible assistance, both in money and men,
the democratic party is opposed to the is-
suance of interest-bearing bonds except as
a last resort, but is in favor of the issu-
ance of full legal-tender money, and we hold
the recent issue of $200,000,000 of bonds un-
necessary under the circumstances and
therefore condemn it.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm the principles set forth in the
party platform at our last state convention,
and we take no backward step on the
money question. We are in favor of the free
and unlimited coinage of both gold and sil-
ver at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1,
without waiting for the consent of any other
nation on earth.
Maintaining and supporting republican
principles upon the question of gold and sil-
ver as money as advocated by the old repub-
lican party until its repudiation of those
principles at St. Louis in 1896, we renew
our loyalty to the principles thus repudiated
at the behest of the money power, and de-
clare, as formerly declared by the old re-
publican party and its honored leaders and
accepted as good republican doctrine, as
well as a doctrine as old as the national
constitution itself, that we are in favor of
the use of both gold and silver as money,
and we condemn the policy of the gold-
standard republican administration in its
efforts to demonetize silver.
Silver is the money of the constitution;
indeed, the money of the American people
anterior to the constitution, which the great
organic law recognized as quite independent
of its own existence. The people are too
intelligent to permit values to be measured
in gold alone. This would make money
dearer and property cheaper. We are for
the largest use of silver in the currency of
the country. We would not dishonor it; we
would give it equal credit and honor with
gold; we would make no discrimination; we
would utilize both metals and discredit
neither; we want the double standard. Sil-
ver, until a few years ago, was money the
wide world over. Silver was one of the
standard coins of the United States from
the. birth of independence until demone-
tization crept into the statute of congress,
either by fraud or mistake.
NEVADA.
REPUBLICAN.
Resolved, That we reiterate our faith in
and devotion to the great republican prin-
ciples of bimetallism, protection and reci-
procity. We are firmly convinced that the
final adjustment of the money question must
come by and through the republican party.
The party is pledged to bimetallism. We
therefore declare that the settlement of this
important question may safely be left to
the great republican party of the nation.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We reiterate with emphasis that the
financial question is the paramount issue
and demand the free and unrestricted coin-
age of silver and gold at the American ratio
of 16 to 1.
We denounce In unmeasured terms the ac-
tion of the republican party and the demo-
cratic party in advocating the redemption
of legal tenders in gold or in coin, and we
demand that all United States money,
whether of gold, silver or paper, be made a
full legal tender without any exception
clause whatever.
The recent bond issue was one of the most
atrocious financial acts of the nineteenth
century, and the indecent haste with which
the administration issued the bonds when
the treasury was already overflowing with
lawful money proves conclusively that Wall
street and the bondholders have an unfair
and corrupt Influence over the treasury de-
partment.
The so-called gold reserve is a disguise to
our financial power and boundless resources,
and we demand that it be abolished.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
REPUBLICAN.
The republicans of New Hampshire reaf-
firm the St. Louis platform, especially in-
dorsing the gold standard as therein pro-
vided, and congratulate the people upon the
speedy fulfillment of its important pledges.
DEMOCRATIC.
We, the democrats of New Hampshire, re-
affirm the principles of the democratic party
as announced in the national conventions
since the foundation of the party. We em-
phatically declare our admiration tor and
confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of
our great leader, William J. Bryan.
NEW JERSEY.
REPUBLICAN.
We Indorse the national platform of 1896
and "specifically declare our undying oppo-
sition to any proposition to debase the na-
tional currency, a proposition so repugnant
that the voters of New Jersey buried it un-
der an unprecedented majority of 87,000
when they declared in favor of the repre-
sentatives of national honor and honesty,
McKinley and Hobart."
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We demand a national currency, safe,
sound and flexible, issued by general gov-
ernment only, a full legal tender for all
debts, public and private, and that without
the use of banking corporations, a just,
equitable and efficient means of distribu-
tion direct to the people at a tax not to ex-
ceed 2 per cent per annum, to be provided
as set forth in the sub-treasury plan of tfc
Farmers' alliance, or a better system; also
by payments in discharge of its obligations
for public improvements.
We demand that the amount of circula-
ting medium be speedily increased to not
less than $50 per capita.
NEW YORK.
REPUBLICAN.
We renew our allegiance to the doctrines
of the St. Louis platform. We continue to
condemn and resist the democratic policies
declared at Chicago. The organized demo-
cratic party of the nation adheres to these
policies of free silver and free trade, and
denies the right of the courts and of the
government to protect persons and property
from violence. On the coming 8th of No-
vember we are to elect not only our state
officers, but also representatives in congress
and members of our state legislature. That
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
201
legislature, in its turn, will elect a United
States senator to succeed the present demo-
cratic senator from this state.
The election of republican members of
congress and of a republican state legisla-
ture will mean that New York will stand
for the maintenance of the gold standard
and for such a revision of the currency laws
as will guarantee to the labor of the coun-
try that every promise to pay a dollar, is-
sued under the authority of the United
States, shall be of absolute and equal value
with a gold dollar always ami everywhere.
NORTH CAROLINA.
REPUBLICAN.
The republican party of North Carolina
renews its allegiance to the principles and
policies set forth In the national repub-
lican platform adopted at St. Louis In 1896;
and we point with pride and enthusiasm to
the triumphant vindication of those prin-
ciples and policies under the wise and
splendid administration of William McKin-
ley.
DEMOCRATIC.
We denounce the republican party for Its
defeat of the Teller resolutions declaring
our national bonds payable in silver as well
as gold, and denounce it for its determined
purpose of more thoroughly fastening the
single gold standard upon our people, and
for its avowed hostility to the free and un-
limited coinage of silver, as well as gold,
at the ratio of 16 to 1, Into full legal-tender
money.
We denounce the republican party for Its
determination to issue bonds at this time,
and we denounce the republican war tax
bill which lately passed the house of repre-
sentatives as unjust, unequal in its burdens,
unnecessary and vexatious, and we demand
that the silver seignoirage be coined, that
an income tax be levied, and that the sec-
retary of the treasury be authorized to is-
sue the necessary amount of full legal-ten-
der greenbacks, or United States treasury
notes, in order to meet the expenses of the
war with Spain and to supply the revenue
deficit under the Dlngley law.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We believe that all money demands should
be payable in the lawful money of the
United States without preference or dis-
crimination, and therefore favor the pas-
sage by the general assembly of a law to
prohibit the taking or giving of gold notes,
bonds and mortgages in this state, and to
make all the money demands solvable in
any kind of lawful money of the United
States.
We condemn the present national admin-
istration for its efforts to fasten upon the
people and future generations the burden of
interest-bearing bonds and for indorsing and
carrying out the infamous bond and monop-
oly policy of the preceding administration
of Grover Cleveland.
We commend the action of the populists,
silver republicans and silver democrats In
congress for their wise, brave and patriotic
course in solidly co-operating to strike out
the bond provision of the pending war rev-
enue bill and to substitute therefor an issue
of greenbacks and the coinage of the silver
seigniorage to carry on the war.
NORTH DAKOTA.
REPUBLICAN.
Money being an instrument of internation-
al concern, we are unalterably opposed to
the independent free coinage of silver. The
currency of the American people is now and
should continue to be the best in the world,
and the parity of all forms of money should
be maintained by wise and conservative
laws. We favor the use of both gold and
silver as the standard of all commercial
countries, and indorse the efforts of the re-
publican administration to promote the
policy of bimetallism under agreement with
the civilized nations of the world.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm our belief in and adherence
to the great principles of the democratic
party as laid down in the democratic plat-
form at the Chicago national convention of
1896.
OHIO.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm the declaration of facts and
principles adopted by the eleventh national
republican convention at St. Louis June 17,
1896.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm the platform of principles
adopted at Chicago by the democrats at
their convention in July, 1896. And we par-
ticularly reaffirm and indorse the financial
plank therein, declaring for the free and un-
limited coinage of silver and gold at the
ratio of 16 to 1, independent of any and all
other nations.
NATIONAL LIBERTY PARTY.
All money should be issued by the general
government only, and without the interven-
tion of any private citizen, corporation or
banking institution. It should be based
upon the wealth, stability and integrity of
the nation. It should be a full legal tender
for all debts, public and private, and should
be of sufficient volume to meet the demands
of the legitimate business interests of the
country. For the purpose of honestly liqui-
dating our outstanding coin obligations* we
favor the free and unlimited coinage of both
silver and gold, at a ratio of 16 to 1, without
consulting any other nation. As a partial
remedy for our financial troubles we declare
for postal savings banks.
OREGON.
REPUBLICAN.
We are in favor of the maintenance of the
present gold standard; we are unqualifiedly
opposed to the free coinage of silver and to
all other schemes looking to the debasement
of the currency and the repudiation of debt.
We believe that the best money in the world
is none too good to be assured by the gov-
ernment to the laborer as the fruit of his
toil and to the farmer as the price of his
crop. We condemn the continued agitation
for free silver as calculated to jeopardize
the prosperity of the country and to shake
the confidence of the people in the mainte-
nance of a wise financial policy; we particu-
larly condemn as unpatriotic the efforts of
the free-silver agitators to array class
against clasti and section against section ;
we declare that the Interests of all classes
202
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1809.
and of all sections of our country alike de-
mand a sound and stable financial system.
FUSION.
(Democrats, People's Party and Silver Re-
publicans.)
We demand the free and unrestricted coin-
age of silver and gold at the present ratio
of 16 to 1, without waiting for the consent
of foreign nations, and we are unalterably
opposed to the policy of the present repub-
lican administration in demanding the re-
tirement of greenbacks and the turning over
of the money-making power of the govern-
ment to the national banks, as presented by
the bill drawn by the republican secretary
of the treasury and indorsed by President
McKinley, and we especially denounce the
avowed attempt by said bill to fasten the
country irrevocably and forever to the sin-
gle gold standard.
We demand a national money, safe and
sound, issued by the general government
only, without the Intervention of banks of
issue, to be a full legal tender for all
debts, public and private; also a just, equi-
table and efficient means of distribution di-
rect to the people through the lawful dis-
bursement of the government.
We demand that the volume of circulating
medium be speedily increased to an amount
sufficient to meet the demands of the busi-
ness and population of this country and to
restore the Just level of prices of labor and
production.
We favor such legislation as will prevent
for the future the demonetization of any
kind of legal-tender money by private con-
tract.
We demand that the government, in pay-
ment of its obligations, shall use its option
as to the kind of lawful money in which
they are to be paid, and we denounce the
present and preceding administrations for
surrendering this option to the holders of
government obligations.
We demand that there shall be no further
issue of United States interest-bearing
bonds.
PENNSYLVANIA.
REPUBLICAN.
The republican party of Pennsylvania
ratifies and reaffirms the doctrines enun-
ciated in the republican national platform
adopted at St. Louis In 1896 and approved by
the people at the last presidential election.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The people's party strenuously opposes
any issue of bonds for the purpose of de-
fraying the expenditure incurred in the im-
pending war with Spain, believing that the
cost of the said war can and by right ought
to be met by the government issue of non-
interest-bearing treasury notes and that the
said notes be full legal tender.
RHODE ISLAND.
REPUBLICAN.
Since it is the avowed purpose of all the
political opponents of the republican party
to unite In a crusade against the existing
gold standard and in favor of a depreciated
silver currency, with free coinage, we de-
clare the same to be a serious menace to our
continued prosperity and should lead to the
active political co-operation of all those who
believe In the necessity of a stable currency
and of securing to it, by proper legislation,
equivalence of purchasing power at all
times with the best money of the commer-
cial world.
We reiterate our desire for such a stable
nd honest currency. We are inflexibly op-
posed to the free and unlimited coinage of
silver, and believe the continued agitation
of the silver question, so called, to be un-
patriotic and destructive to the best inter-
ests of industry and commerce. The exist-
ing gold standard is the measure of value
adopted by the nations with which the
United States has the most important com-
mercial relations, and the very suggestion
of a departure from it inflicts injury to the
credit of a nation whose honor should be un-
questioned at home and abroad.
SOUTH DAKOTA.
REPUBLICAN.
The republican party of South Dakota re-
news its unqualified allegiance to the funda-
mental principles of republicanism, protec-
tion and sound money. We are opposed to
the free and unlimited coinage of silver and
unhesitatingly indorse the gold standard of
money under which the nation has made
such unsurpassed strides of progress.
DEMOCRATIC.
We demand the free and unlimited coin-
age of silver by the federal government at
the ratio of 16 to 1, without asking for the
consent or waiting for the aid of any other
nation on earth.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm and indorse the national plat
form of the silver republicans adopted at
St. Louis in July, 189.6, In its entirety, and
declare it the purpose of the silver repub-
licans of South Dakota to unite at all times
with other political reform parties which
favor just and equitable principles, such as
were put forth by the national conventions
of the people's and democratic parties in
1896 and elucidated from the Atlantic to the
Pacific by that matchless leader, William J.
Bryan.
We commend the brave and patriotic posi-
tion of the silver republicans, populists and
democratic senators and congressmen who
have for the last two years so nobly stood
by the principles enunciated in the various
national platforms and pledge to them our
political and moral support until success
shall be attained in this, the people's gov-
ernment.
We most emphatically demand the re-
monetization of silver upon the basis of 16
to 1, without waiting for the consent of
any other nation, and that the government
issue full legal-tender money to meet the
necessities and demands of the people, with-
out the intervention of national banks or
other private corporations. We are uncom-
promisingly opposed to the issue of interest-
bearing bonds as advocated and adopted by
the present republican administration, but
believe it is the duty and function of gov-
ernment to issue full legal-tender money
and control the circulation thereof, and that
a legal-tender non-interest-bearing treasury
note, countersigned by the government offi-
cials, is as honest money as any interest-
bearing bond signed by the same authority
and its payment guaranteed by the same
people.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The people's party of South Dakota tri-
umphantly reaffirms its allegiance to the
fundamental principles enunciated in the
Omaha and St. Lcuis platforms.
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
203
Dearlng bonds In time or peace or war.
We are opposed to banks of Issue and in
favor of the Issue of all money direct by
TENNESSEE.
REPUBLICAN.
As to the national issues, we heartily In-
dorse the platform adopted by the national
republican convention held at St. Louis,
1896, and reaffirm our allegiance to the prin-
ciples therein declared.
DEMOCRATIC.
We hereby indorse the enunciation of
principles contained In the democratic plat-
form adopted by the national democratic
convention at Chicago in 1886, it being a
true expression of the democratic creed.
We especially reaffirm our demand for the
restitution of the money of the constitution
by a law providing for the free and unlim-
ited coinage of gold and silver at a ratio of
16 to 1, without waiting for the consent of
any other nation.
We oppose the increase of the public debt
by the issuance of interest-bearing bonds
and condemn the action of the present re-
publican administration in the issuance of
such bonds instead of treasury warrants,
which warrants would fnrnUh a circulating
medium and would be taxable, while inter-
est-bearing bonds are not taxable and will
not circulate as currency.
We demand that all obligations of the
United States shall be discharged according
to the terms of the contract in either gold
or silver at the option of the government
and not at the option of the creditor.
UTAH.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our allegiance to the cause of
the free coinage of silver at the ratio of 16
to 1, independent of the action of any other
nation, as fully set out in our first Utah
state convention platform, upon which we
elected the present governor and other state
officers.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm the principles declared in the
democratic platform adopted in Chicago for
1896. The imperative necessity of the use
of both gold and silver for the purposes of
money throughout the world is generally
conceded. The use of both is essential to
the welfare and hupplness of mankind. The
re-establishment of such use is of such vital
importance that no ordinary difficulty
should be permitted to stand in the way of
its attainment. It is generally acknowl-
edged that without both gold and silver
people must sink in the scale of happiness
ana civilization. They must langufih In
poverty. They must continue to struggle in
vain to better their condition. They must
toil on without even the hope of adequate
reward. Yet it is said that for this pervad-
ing, flagrant wrong there is and can be no
remedy without the aid and consent of those
who are and will remain deaf to all appeals
for relief. It is true that at this time there
Is a right which cannot be made to prevail,
a wrong for which there is no remedy.
Have the maxims of our race proved false?
There is a remedy. It is declared in the
national platform of the democratic party,
to which we now declare our steadfast de-
votion. That remedy is the enactment of a
providing for the free and unlimited coinage
of both gold and silver at the ratio of 16 to
1, without waiting for the aid or consent of
other nations, such consent being notori-
ously impossible to obtain; and that such
coin be legal tender in payment of all debts,
both public and private.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
Believing that this nation Is capable of
passing and enforcing its own laws, we de-
mand a law opening the mints to the free
and unlimited coinage of gold and silver at
the present ratio of 16 to 1.
We demand that the money of this coun-
try be speedily increased by the Issuing of
legal-tender notes to an amount sufficient to
transact the business of the country upfm a
cash basis, and that all money, gold, silver
or paper, be made a full legal tender for all
debts, thereby making "every dollar as good
as every other dollar."
TEXAS.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our allegiance to the prin-
ciples laid down by the St. Louis platform
in 1896, and we particularly announce that
we are unreservedly for sound money.
We heartily indorse the action and course
of President McKinley and the administra-
tion since their inauguration. They have
inspired universal confidence, restored nor-
mal conditions in American industrial life
and developed an industrial prosperity of
unexampled proportions.
DEMOCRATIC.
We indorse in every particular the plat-
form adopted by the national democratic
convention of Chicago in 1896, but we espe-
cially commend and approve the declara-
tions in favor of an Income tax, against the
power of banks to issue money, for a tariff
for revenue that will operate without dis-
crimination against classes or sections and
for the free and unlimited coinage of gold
and silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, with full
legal-tender qualities and without reference
to the action of other governments.
We declare that the present war excite-
ment cannot and shall not obscure the
money question, upon which the fight in
1900 will be chiefly made, and that the in-
terest now being taken in the 2.000,000 peo-
ple of Cuba and Puerto Rico must not de-
tract from the vital interest of the 76,000,000
of our own people.
VERMONT.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm our loyalty to the cardinal
principles of the republican party as enun-
ciated in the platform of the national con-
vention at St. Louis in 1896, especially to
the doctrines of protection and sound money,
and our -confidence is unshaken that this
party, which represents the mind and heart
and conscience of the American people, will
wisely settle the tremendous questions of
American policy as they confront us.
DEMOCRATIC.
We, the democrats of Vermont, declare
our adherence to the principles of democracy
204
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR
formulated by Jefferson, exemplified by a
long line of democratic statesmen since his
time and crystallized in the platform adopt-
ed by the democratic national convention at
Chicago in 1896.
We lift aloft the unstained banner of the
Vermont democracy and emphasize our un-
swerving loyalty to the money of the con-
stitution, the money of Washington, Jeffer-
son, Jackson and the long line of illustrious
American statesmen; the money that
brought prosperity and contentment to this
country for eighty years is the money that
will restore prosperity to business and a
suffering people. The man who calmly de-
liberates is the man who will be impressed
with the fact that the money standard of
the Rothschilds, Morgans, Belmonts, Goulds
and Sages is the standard these money bar-
ons have purposely designed for their selfish
upbuilding, and not to confer blessings upon
the toiling and producing masses who plain-
ly note their downward progress.
The Vermont democracy takes especial
pride in expressing its undiminished ad-
miration of and confidence in William J.
Bryan, whose unanswerable logic so clearly
voices the principles and benefits of that
government which confers the greatest good
upon the greatest number of people.
WASHINGTON.
REPUBLICAN.
We favor the existing gold standard and
oppose the free and unlimited coinage of
silver.
DEMOCRATIC.
The act of 1873 demonetizing silver was
surreptitious, passed without the approval
or knowledge of the American people. This
Infamous act demonetizing silver has caused
the steady appreciation of gold, a corre-
sponding fall in the prices of commodities
produced by the people, a heavy Increase in
the burden of all debts, public and private,
the enrichment of the money-lending class,
the paralysis of industry and the impover-
ishment of the people.
We therefore renew our demand for the
free and unlimited coinage of both silver
and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to
1, without waiting for the aid or consent of
any other nation. We demand that stand-
ard silver dollars shall be full legal tender,
equally with gold, for all debts, public and
private, and we favor such legislation as
will prevent for the future the demonetiza-
tion of any kind of legal-tender money by
private contract.
FUSION.
We demand the re-establishment of bi-
metallism by return to the free and un-
limited coinage of both gold and silver into
money at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1,
without waiting for the action of any other
nation.
We demand that our money shall be issued
by the government only, without the inter-
vention of banks of issue, as full legal ren-
der for all debts, public and private; that
the volume of the circulating medium shall
be sufficient to meet the requirements of
the country, for the purpose of restoring
and maintaining a just level of prices for
labor and commodities, to the realization of
all of which we pledge our representatives
in congress.
We demand that there shall be no further
issue of United States interest-bearing
bonds.
WISCONSIN.
REPUBLICAN.
We believe that the declaration In the St.
Louis national republican platform for the
maintenance of the gold standard and the
parity of our forms of money should be en-
acted into law, and the money of the Amer-
ican people should be made and kept, like
all Its Institutions, the best In the world.
DEMOCRATIC.
We affirm our allegiance to the demo-
cratic principles, justice, liberty and equal-
ity, upon which our institutions are founded
and which the democratic party has advo-
cated from Jefferson's time to our own, ai.cl
we declare our firm devotion to demo-
cratic principles as enunciated in the Chi-
cago platform of 1896.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The issue of all money by the government
directly to the people in connection with
government savings banks. We hold that
the issue is not so much between gold and
silver, but whether the money of the coun-
try shall be controlled by the government or
by private banking corporations.
WYOMING.
REPUBLICAN.
We reaffirm the declaration of facts and
principles adopted by the eleventh national
republican convention at St. Louis, July 17,
1896.
The financial policy of the republican
party having brought prosperity to the en-
tire country and given us a place among the
nations of the earth and enabled us to con-
duct successfully a foreign war, we there-
fore unhesitatingly reaffirm the financial
plank of the platform as expressed by the
national convention at St. Louis.
THE WAR AND FOREIGN POLICY.
ALABAMA.
DEMOCRATIC.
Standing "to arms" as we do to-day, we
pledge our lives and sacred honor to the
cause of our country, for its defense, for
the maintenance of its honor and prestige
and for its support in any conflict with a
foreign foe.
ARKANSAS.
REPUBLICAN.
To the army and navy of the restored
union we send greetings and express our
entire appreciation of the patriotic and he-
roic feeling which has prompted their en-
listment, our sincere sympathy with their
trials and sacrifices, our deep and profound
interest in their movements, our resolve to
honor and applaud their services and our
anxiety to welcome their triumphant return.
The country to whose renown they are con-
tributing will ever hold them in grateful re-
membrance.
We favor the annexation of Hawaii as a
strategic position and a commercial neces-
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
205
We favor the fullest Investigation of all
conditions existing in the 1'hilippine islands
affecting the interests and obligations of
sity and the immediate building of the
Nicaragua canal.
DEMOCRATIC.
We recognize the Monroe doctrine as a
cardinal teuet of the democratic party and a
part of the public policy of the national
government and favor its strict observance.
Believing that the war now being waged
by the United States with Spain is for the
purpose of maintaining the national honor
and to assist an oppressed people struggling
for liberty, we note with pride the prompt-
ness with which all sections of our common
country have responded to the call for men
and means for its prosecution, and pledge
the democratic party of Arkansas to an in-
dorsement of all necessary measures to
bring it to a successful, speedy and tri-
umphant conclusion.
CALIFORNIA.
REPUBLICAN.
The national welfare demands the reten-
tion of the island of Puerto Rico and other
West Indian islands coming under our conr
trol, and of the Philippines, in order to per-
mit the expansion of American trade, and in
case of the latter to safeguard the com-
merce already secured in the orient. In
the event of the retention of this foreign
territory It should be the policy of the
United States to extend to It the benefit of
free commercial intercourse with all sec-
tions of the American union, and to that
end the provision of the constitution requir-
ing that all duties, imposts and excises
shall be uniform throughout the United
States should be rigidly enforced.
elected, to secure the speedy extension of
the revenue system of the United States to
the islands of Puerto Rico and the Philip-
pines, that all parts of our country may en-
joy the benefits of trade intercourse with
our new acquisitions on the same terms
that now prevail throughout the United
States.
We rejoice in the acquisition of Hawaii
and Puerto Rico and favor the retention by
our country of every foot of soil that has
beon conquered by the victorious hosts of
our great republic.
DEMOCRATIC.
We indorse the action of congress in de-
claring war against the government of
Spain for the purpose of securing liberty to
the people of Cuba and of putting an end
to tne long-continued oppression and gross
misgovernrnent under which they have sui-
te red.
We congratulate the people of the United
States upon the speedy and successful ter-
mination of the war for the accomplishment
of this purpose. We rejoice in the success
that has come to the American arms on land
and sea and glory in the bravery and skill
of the soldiers and sailors of our country.
The sublime courage and fortitude displayed
by our land and naval forces in achieving
the victories of Manila and Santiago have
shown to the world the value of free insti-
tutions, universal suffrage and general pub-
lic education in developing the highest
qualities of character, intelligence and
courage, making our volunteer soldiers,
trained in the schools of the state militia
organizations, more than equal to those who
compose the great standing armies of Eu-
rope.
me unitea states.
While we do not favor an aggressive pol-
icy of territorial expansion, we are op-
posed to the surrender to Spain of any of
the territory that has been acquired by
American valor and the expenditure of the
01 Hpain incurred in maintaining ner sover-
eignty in Cuba and to the imposition of any
portion thereof upon the people of that is-
land or to any recognition thereof.
PROHIBITION.
We favor the hearty support of the gov-
ernment in the present war and pledge our-
selves to this end.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The war against Spain, compelled by the
sentiments of the people of the United
States in vindication of honor, duty, hu-
manity and liberty, should be prosecuted
with overwhelming vigor until the ends for
which it was undertaken have been fully
and satisfactorily achieved.
COLORADO.
REPUBLICAN.
We commend the patriotism, skill and
ability displayed by the present administra-
tion during the trying times of the late war
with Spain, and are proud of the achieve-
ments of our army and navy in the victories
over the enemy, especially the bravery and
patriotism displayed by the Colorado volun-
teers in the Philippines and the daring
courage of the 7th infantry at Santiago.
We condemn as un-American and un-
patriotic the position of the democrats and
others in congress who spoke and voted
against the annexation of Hawaii.
We are unqualifiedly in favor of keeping
forever in place the American flag wherever
it has been unfurled to the breeze, whether
as a result of conquest or peaceable ac-
quirement.
DEMOCRATIC.
The democratic party heartily approves of
the recent war with Spain and justly shares
in the glories of its results. We favor the
independence of Cuba and the retention by
this government of the other Spanish West
India possessions and the control of all
other Spanish territories taken by the
American forces in the war Just closed.
To the soldiers and sailors of the army
and navy and to their gallant commanders
on land and on sea we tender our
sincere and fervent gratitude. Their
achievements have added to the lustc
of our arms, to the glory and power
of the nation and to the limits of our
domain. They have destroyed every lin-
gering vestige of sectionalism and have ce
mented the union forever with the love of
all for our common country. A grateful
country will bind up their wounds, sustain
206
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1800.
their sick, care for their afflicted and de-
pendent and keep from want their widows
and orphans.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We congratulate the country upon the
conclusion of a war whose purpose was the
highest that ever impelled a nation to take
up arms, and whose record of glory on land
and sea has never been surpassed in history.
We declare that the war was waged in def-
erence to the demand of the liberty-loving
people of this country, whose sympathies
were aroused by the suffering of the people
of Cuba under the barbarous misgovern-
ment of Spain; that It was an American
war, and that the attempt manifested In
some quarters to claim it as the property
of a certain political party In this country
is not creditable to the patriotism of those
who make it.
We declare our belief in the mission of
the people of the United States as the evan-
gel of liberty and self-government to the
nations of the world, and in their ability to
discharge all of the responsibilities which
the fortunes of war have thrust upon them.
Wherever the flag waves It shall be a sym-
bol of civilized freedom and to all men who
gaze upon its folds a guaranty of the in-
alienable rights of life, liberty and the pur-
suit of happiness.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
Recognizing that the recent war with
Spain for the liberation of Cuba has
thrown upon our nation the responsibility
for the protection of millions of people de-
based by centuries of Inhumanity; there-
fore, recognizing the injustice Involved in
the return of these people to the conditions
from which the United States has been the
instrument of their release, we favor the
retention and government of these Islands
over which our flag now floats and where
our heroic dead lie buried, until such a
time as a majority of the people of these
respective countries shall express a desire
to establish a government of their own.
CONNECTICUT.
REPUBLICAN.
It [the party] approves the annexation
of Hawaii and is in favor of acquiring and
controlling such additional lands, naval sta-
tions and harbors as will enable us at all
times to give the most complete protection
to our growing commerce with Asia and
the countries of the far east.
DEMOCRATIC.
We call attention to the fact that while a
successful war in the cause of a common
people adds fresh glory to their flag the
management of the various war depart-
ments has chilled our exultation and
brought home to us a sense of shame.
The American sailor and soldier have done
their full duty, but the administration of
President McKinley has been utterly in-
competent to discharge the obligations
which the management of the war imposed.
Incompetency and venality in places of high
trust have brought disgrace upon the ad-
ministration and aroused the ire of an in-
dignant people.
DELAWARE.
REPUBLICAN.
We believe In the maintenance of an army
and navy sufficient to assert and maintain
the rights of our nation and all its citizens
against the encroachments of other nations.
We believe that our seacoasts should be
thoroughly fortified in the best manner.
We believe that the United States should
keep all territory either surrendered to it or
captured by its forces in the late war with
Spain.
We congratulate the nation on the annex-
ation of the Hawaiian islands. While we
congratulate the nation upon the completion
of the war with Spain, we demand that
there shall be a vigorous, thorough and
honest investigation by a competent and
impartial tribunal of the alleged disgrace-
ful and incompetent management of our
war department, whereby the lives of many
of our brave soldiers and sailors were need-
lessly sacrificed, and whereby the men who
so cheerfully went forth to fight the na-
tion's battles were without cause com-
pelled to suffer great distress, discomfort,
misery, starvation, sickness and death, and
that the guilty parties, whoever they may
be. be properly punished.
We believe that the Nicaragua canal
should be built and controlled by the United
States government.
DEMOCRATIC.
We heartily congratulate ourselves and
the country on the happy ending of the war
with Spain, and, now that its declared end
has been accomplished, we demand that the
country as quickly as possible be restored
to the conditions of peace and that the bur-
dens of war taxation be lessened.
FLORIDA.
DEMOCRATIC.
We rejoice In the brilliant successes at-
tained by the American sailors and soldiers
in the present war with Spain, and glory
in the fact that the last vestige of sectional
feeling has been swept away forever as we
have assembled on the call of the nation as
one people to meet a foreign foe, and that
henceforth we shall know no north, no
south, no east, no west, but shoulder to
shoulder, with the star-spangled banner
waving over us and the love of country in-
spiring us, we shall onward march to the
high destiny among the people of the earth
for which the God of nations intended us.
We condemn the policy of insular ter-
ritorial expansion upon which the adminis-
tration at Washington has embarked as
unwise, un-American, unjust to the masses
of our people, and especially to the labor-
ing and producing classes, and as dan-
gerous to our free institutions; and we
pledge the democracy of the state of Florida
to the opposition of the same. Whereas
the present war with Spain was inaugurated
for the declared purpose of aiding the Cu-
ban patriots in their struggle for liberty
and in the efforts to establish a free gov-
ernment, and we have solemnly announced
to the world that we have no intention to
annex the island of Cuba to the United
States; and whereas war at best is un-
Christianllke, demoralizing in its tendencies
and a drain upon all the resources of the
country; therefore, when the declared ob-
jects of the present war shall be accom-
plished it will be the duty of the govern-
ment to grant peace on terms just to this
government and honorable to our people,
and in the adjustment of such terms of
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
207
peace Cuba should be left free by this gov-
ernment and untrammeled by our army and
navy to establish, by the free action of her
people, a free and independent government
of Its own; the democrats of Florida will
support the administration in all its efforts
to conduct the present war to an early,
honorable and satisfactory close, and it
would be an act of bad faith on the part
of our government and a blot upon our
civilization for us, as a result, either di-
rectly or indirectly, of the war, to annex
the island of Cuba to the United States, and
thus to rob the Cubans of that free and in-
dependent government for which they have
fought so long.
GEORGIA.
DEMOCRATIC.
We affirm that the cause for which the
United States is at present engaged in war
with Spain is just and righteous. Without
regard tc political division, all loyal and
patriotic citizens of the republic should
unite in the support of the common cause
represented by the flag, and it is with pride
that we point to the record of the demo-
cratic party, made through its senators and
representatives, in having been the first to
urge in behalf of freedom and humanity ac-
tive measures looking to the suppression of
Spanish oppression in the West Indies.
There is cause for universal congratulation
in the fact that the patriotic uprising of
the whole people has obliterated sectional-
ism from the politics of our country, and
while the people of the south unite with
those of the north in cordial enthusiasm
over the marvelous victory of Dewey in an-
nihilating Spain's Asiatic fleet it is grati-
fying to observe that those of the north are
no less cordial in bestowing praise and com-
mendation upon the heroic deeds of the two
brave young southerners Hagley and Hob-
son who, with their Intrepid comrades,
have won distinction which will render
their names immortal and add new luster to
the American navy.
As to the incidental questions that will
arise as the result of the war, we believe
that the people can safely be trusted to dis-
pose of every such question in a manner
which will be in keeping with the spirit of
our institutions and in harmony with the
principles and record of the democratic
party. This country should first address its
undivided attention and throw its full en-
ergy to securing decisive results in the war
with Spain, rather than engage in political
controversy over issues which are yet un-
shaped, and which, in the nature of things,
cannot be intelligently discussed until the
termination of the war.
IDAHO.
REPUBLICAN.
We congratulate the nation upon the suc-
cessful issue of the war with Spain, pros-
ecuted under the direction of William Mc-
Kinley. commander-iu-chief of the army an<l
navy of the United States, with the loyal
support of the brave volunteers on both land
and sea. We declare our hearty approval
of the terms demanded of Spain by our
president as the conditions of restored
peace. And we declare our full and com-
plete confidence in the patriotism and abil-
ity of the republican administration to
make such just and wise provisions touch-
ing the government and control of our new-
ly acquired territory as will best accord
with the policy of our government and the
best interests of all the people. And we
declare our full faith and confidence in the
patriotism and wisdom of the republican
administration so to conduct the affairs of
the nation, both at home and abroad, that
the prosperity of our people and the honor
of our flag will reach the highest mark to
which our institutions entitle us to aspire.
DEMOCRATIC.
We declare our unfaltering allegiance to
the Monroe doctrine and are strenuously op-
posed to the annexation of Cuba, believing
that the inhabitants of that island should
be given the opportunity of self-govtiiment.
We also advocate the retention of all ter-
ritory acquired by American valor in the
war waged for humanity, always provided
the people to be governed yield their con-
sent.
We pronounce the war with Spain justi-
fied by every consideration of justice and
sound national policy. We congratulate the
democratic minority in congress for its
firm stand in demanding the redress of our
national honor and indorse the declaration
of war on Spain and glory in its results.
We rejoice in the glorious deeds of valor
of our soldiers and sailors and greatly de-
plore the fatalities and injuries which have
so far resulted, and we favor the adoption
of the most liberal policy toward the sick
and wounded and the families of the slain.
ILLINOIS.
REPUBLICAN.
We believe that the present war with
Spain is a righteous and just cause. We
rejoice that the American people are a unit
in sustaining the government and that the
spirit of patriotism has swept away the last
vestige of sectional feeling.
We pledge to the president the earnest
support of the state of Illinois in the prose-
cution of the war to a triumphant close.
The United States should hold all the pos-
sessions it has conquered and may conquer
from Spain until the Spanish government
has agreed and given security that it will
pay the United States an indemnity for this
affair, which might have been avoided had
Spain been humane; also that the United
States hold such possessions in the con-
quered territory as shall be advantageous to
its interests in times of war and peace.
DEMOCRATIC.
We reaffirm the Monroe doctrine and again
pledge ourselves to abide by the advice of
Washington, "to keep ourselves free from
entangling alliances with foreign nations."
INDIANA.
REPUBLICAN.
While we sincerely deplore the necessity
of war, we believe the president and con-
gress acted wisely in demanding the com-
plete withdrawal of Spanish sovereignty
from the island of Cuba and in proceeding
to enforce the demand with the military and
naval power of the government. And now
that our army and navy, through their
splendid achievements, have blessed our na-
208
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1899.
tlon with triumphs not excelled in the
world's history, rendering many names
illustrious and immortal, and adding pres-
tige and glory, limited only by civilization,
to our great republic, the occasion Is one of
supreme gratitude to the great Ituler of na-
tions.
DEMOCRATIC.
We congratulate the country on the uni-
versal patriotic uprising which has swept
away the last vestige of sectionalism and
revealed us to the world as a united people.
We rejoice in the heroic deeds of Dewey,
Bagley, Hobson and their brave comrades,
which have added new luster to the Amer-
ican name. We demand, now as heretofore,
the most vigorous prosecution of the war
until it shall have ended in vindication of
the national honor, the absolute relinquish-
ment by Spain of possession or control of
any part of the western hemisphere, and
the formal acknowledgment by that king-
dom of the independence of the Cuban re-
public. We favor the prompt recognition by
the United States of such Independence as
a war measure and as an act of justice to
a brave people struggling for freedom. We
urge the immediate increase of the volun-
teer forces of our army and navy to any ex-
tent necessary to assure speedy and decisive
results, and the appropriation of all the
funds requisite for the adequate equipment
and support and for the comfort of our
gallant soldiers and sailors in armed con-
flict against the public enemy. " The supreme
duty of the hour is to relieve the perishing
Tictims of Spanish cruelty and secure the
complete triumph of the national arms.
(V'hen this shall have been accomplished the
Justice and wisdom of the American people
may be safely trusted to deal with all ques-
tions which may grow out of existing com-
plications, in such a way as best to pro-
mote the objects for which this republic was
founded.
IOWA.
REPUBLICAN.
We favor the upbuilding of the American
merchant marine, the speedy construction
of the Nicaragua canal, the securing of
naval and coaling stations and the protec-
tion of American rights in every quarter
of the world with an adequate navy.
The republican party, under whose policies
and administration prosperity has been re-
stored and a foreign war successfully con-
ducted, has earned the right to be further
intrusted with the task of solving the ter-
ritorial, colonial and commercial problems
that have resulted from the war.
It is due to the cause of humanity and
civilization, for which the war with Spain
was fought, that no people who have in
consequence thereof been freed from op-
pression shall, with the consent or through
the indifference of the United States, be re-
turned to such oppression or permitted to
lapse into barbarism.
DEMOCRATIC.
The war with Spain was necessary and
undertaken in the interest of humanity, and
we commend the action of the democrats
in congress who voted ample supplies for
prosecuting it to a successful conclusion.
We demand that the solemn declarations
as to the purposes of the war be faithfully
carried out by the government. We glory in
the valor of the soldiers and sailors of the
army and navy and rejoice in their unex-
ampled victory on land and sea. The con-
gress provided amply in money to furnish
them supplies and the best of care when
they became disabled by wounds or disease,
and we denounce the criminal incompetency
and negligence of the agents of the govern-
ment who have caused them to suffer and
die In camp and hospitals for the lack of
care which humanity and justice demand.
And we insist upon a speedy, searching and
impartial investigation to the end that the
guilty may be exposed and fittingly pun-
ished.
We express our unbounded admiration of
the patriotic, self-sacrificing courage of the
soldiers who enlisted but were not sent to
the front, as well as those who faced shot
and shell and deadly disease on foreign soil,
and we hold that all are equally deserving
of the love and gratitude of the republic.
While recognizing the importance and de-
manding the maintenance of an effective
navy, we hold that militarism is a menace
to free Institutions and we oppose any
policy which will supply a reason or a pre-
text for supporting a large standing army In
time of peace.
The immortal Washington, for profound
reasons, wisely warned his countrymen
against entangling foreign alliances. The
admonition is as pertinent as when It was
uttered a century ago. Therefore, while
sincerely desiring friendly relations with all
nations, we earnestly protest against alli-
ance with any.
SILVER REPUBLICAN.
We are not in favor of adding to our
population millions of Asiatics in far-off
islands to compete in the field of labor with
our own producers and wage-earners.
PROHIBITION.
While we believe In arbitration as the
best means of settling international diffi-
culties, and we deplore the causes which
have led to the present war with Spain, and
while we hope for a speedy termination of
said war, we pledge our loyalty to our gov-
ernment in the present crisis, and we ear-
nestly hope for the day when the govern-
ment will Intervene to rid our home land of
the cruel rule of the saloon.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
We indorse the present war with Spain
upon the sentiment expressed in the joint
resolution of the American congress that
"the people of the island of Cuba are, and
of right ought to be, free and independent/'
and we demand that the same be conducted
upon that theory. To this end we therefore
Insist upon a vigorous prosecution and
speedy termination of the war and the es-
tablishment of peace and local government
upon the island.
We cannot consent that this war, com-
menced for the relief of suffering humanity
there, shall be made a pretext for the main-
tenance of a large standing army, or for
territorial aggrandizement, or the cultiva-
tion of a vainglorious military spirit with
attendant burdens of increased taxation,
perpetual Interest-bearing debt and inevi-
table tendency toward monarchical govern-
ment.
KANSAS.
REPUBLICAN.
The experience of recent events has dem-
UTTERANCES OF STATE CONVENTIONS.
209
onstrated that our navy should be Imme-
diately strengthened and enlarged so that It
will command and compel the respect of the
world. We believe that the necessities of
war have supplemented the arguments of
peace and that the Nicaragua canal should
be built as speedily as possible. \Ve believe
that the Hawaiian islands should be an-
nexed and we urge our representatives in
congress to support the resolution providing
for their immediate acquisition.
DEMOCRATIC.
We are in favor of a vigorous prosecution
of the present war with Spain, and see in
it not only the passing of Cuba from des-
potism to freedom but for ourselves a more
advanced place among the nations of the
world and a broader commercial horizon.
The American navy should be greatly en-
larged and In its wake our merchant marine,
under new tariff laws, should open the
world's markets to American buyers and
sellers, and rights should be reserved in all
territory conquered during the war to facil-
itate and protect such extended commercial
interests, but with no view to territorial
aggrandizement nor the establishment of a
colonial policy for this government. We
congratulate our state that she was the first
to respond to the president's call with her
full quota of volunteers, and assure our
Kansas soldiers that In this righteous bat-
tle for human rights they will be followed
through the march, the bivouac and the bat-
tlefield by the hopes and prayers of their
fellow-citizens at home.
PROHIBITION.
In behalf of liberty and humanity we are
in fullest sympathy with the action of con-
gress touching Spain's long and continued
and cruel oppression of Cuba.
MAINE.
DEMOCRATIC.
While we deprecate the horrors of war. It
Is now the duty of all to give their aid and
support in order to bring to a successful
termination the present conflict, and we do
hereby pledge our cordial support to all
such measures as are necessary to ac-
complish the purpose for which this war
was instituted.
PEOPLE'S PARTY.
The present war with Spain, If conducted
for the liberation of the Cuban people, Is
just and humane, but it should not be pro-
longed for the benefit of contractors and
money-lenders.
MASSACHUSETTS.
REPUBLICAN.
The war with Spain, undertaken by the
United States from the highest motives,
has been justified in the Intelligence and
compassion of mankind. Our brilliant vic-
tories have brought us solemn obligations
and grave responsibilities, for we cannot, In
the Interest of honor, humanity or civiliza-
tion, return to Spain the peoples whom we
have freed from hor tyranny.
The people of Massachusetts do not pro-
pose to abandon the ancient doctrines of re-
publican liberty, upon which the common-
wealth and the country are builded, and by
which the American people have grown to
be without a rival among the nations In
wealth, power and happiness. What they
enjoy themselves they desire shall be en-
joyed by all other peoples, especially by
those whom the valor of our soldiers and
sailors have wrested from Spain, and whose
destiny must now be determined by the
United States alone.
While we would not Interfere with the
diplomatic negotiations now in progress, we
desire that they be so conducted 'and ter-
minated as to secure to the Philippine Is-
lands and to Cuba in amplest measure the
blessings of liberty and self-government.
The building of the Nicaragua canal, con-
trolled and operated by the United States,
is now Imperative. Our possessions In the
Caribbean sea, the annexation of Hawaii,
our position in the Philippine Islands and
the notable voyage of the Oregon have
made its necessity clear to all. We confi-
dently look to congress for the early under-
taking of this work and its completion with
all reasonable dispatch.
DEMOCRATIC.
We note with alarm and indignation the
perversion of the powers and purposes of
our republic from its true end and aim as
prescribed by the fathers. We mark the
stealthy approach and insinuation of Eu-
ropean methods in place of the democratic
methods which alone distinguish the Amer-
ican republic from despotism of foreign
lands. We reaffirm the patriotic policy of
the "father of his country," as declared In
his farewell address, that we should ever
be on our guard against the insidious ad-
vances of foreign influence, and that our
country should cultivate friendly relation-
ships with all nations and entangling alli-
ances with none.
Following this policy the democratic party
of Massachusetts declares its uncompromis-
ing opposition to imperallsm, whether with-
in or out of the dominion of the United
States. We declare in particular that the
pledge made by our congress at the out-
break of the war with Spain, that "the
people of Cuba are, and of right ought to
be, free and Independent," should be sacred-
ly maintained. We believe in the Independ-
ence and freedom of every country and peo-
ple capable of self-government. We should
encour 
