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The Cheapest Thing in the World
Is the Metropolitan American Newspaper
Did you ever stop to think of it?
Whether considered from the point of
view ol what it costs to produce it, or its
value to the buyer, there is nothing else
sold that is so well worth its price as a
good American newspaper. No other article,
sold at a nominal price, represents so many,
so varied and so important a combination of
elements of value — gathered fresh from all
quarters of the world every twenty-four
hours — as the daily newspaper.
And there isn't a better money's worth in
the world than The Chicago Daily News —
the largest week-day American newspaper.
The Chicago newspapers are proverbially
the best newspapers published in America.
The Daily News stands at the head of the
Chicago newspapers. It has a very much
larger circulation in the city of Chicago
than any other newspaper. The Postoffice
Review says: "Nearly everybody in, around
or about Chicago who reads the English
language reads The Daily News." The
strong features which have given The
Daily News such a preponderating circula-
tion in Chicago commend it to popular fa-
vor wherever it can be placed on sale
throughout the northwest within the follow-
ing twenty-four hours.
No American 'newspaper surpasses The
Chicago Daily News as a rates-paper. It is
a member of The Associated Press. It prints
all the news — American and foreign. At
home it has well equipped news bureaus at
Washington and New York. Abroad it has
its own offices at London, Paris, Berlin and
Pekin, manned by its own staff representa-
tives, who transmit an unequaled special
cable service for exclusive publication in The
Daily News. No other American newspaper
maintains foreign offices of this character.
Special correspondents represent the paper
at all other important news centers in Eu-
rope and the far east.
The Daily News' exceptional foreign news
service — established and maintained during
the past twenty years — gave the paper un-
equaled advantages in reporting the great
European war, and this service wiTl be still
further augmented to cover the tremen-
dously important period following the war.
The Daily News is consistently independ-
ent in politics. Bound by no political alle-
giance it judges men and measures upon
their merits, and presents all aspects of an
important issue, so- that the informed reader
arrives at his own conclusions based on im-
partial presentation of all the facts in the
case.
The market reports and the financial de-
partment of The Daily News rank with the
best.
The wall rounded sporting features ol
The Daily News cannot fail to interest
everybody who feels the attraction of ath-
letics, or who believes in getting wholesome
recreation either in doors or out.
The reports of a! sorts of sports are
written by capable and discriminating ex-
perts, who know how to present the news
entertainingly and to comment upon sport-
ing events with knowledge and sound judg-
ment.
The Daily News is a clean newspaper.
Therefore it is a favorite in the home. Its
magazine features are of high quality and
of wide range in character.
The Daily News is an entertaining news*
paper. Its bright stories and sketches, its
high class fiction, its poems, cartoons, comic
pictures and its many joyous features pecul-
iarly commend it to young and old alike.
The Daily News reflects throughout the
hopeful optimism of the American character.
It believes the world is growing better
every day, and it is written from that point
of view. It believes in giving voice and
space to the happy things in life, in their
due proportion, as well as to the more seri-
ous. It reflects the American sense of hu-
mor. There are a good many smiles atnd
laughs in The Daily News.
N. B.— It should be noted that The Daily
News is an evening paper, and that evening
papers have a great advantage over morn-
ing papers in presenting European news be-
cause of the difference in time. The day
begins six hours earlier in England and
France, and seven hours in Germany, than
in Chicago, enabling The Daily News to
print the nev.'s of foreign events on the
day they occur — many hours ahead of the
morning papers.
[THIRTY-FIFTH YEAR]
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS
ALMANAC
AND YEAR-BOOK
FOR
EDITED BY JAMES LANGLAND, M. A.
ISSUED BY
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY
[Copyrig-ht, 1918. by The Chicago Daily News Company.]
PREFACE.
"DEGINNING with the issue for 1915 The Daily News Al-
•L* manac and Year-Book has devoted a large amount of space
annually to the progress of the world war. The events of each
year in the conflict have been chronicled as fully and accurately
as the facts available made possible. This is also true of the
present issue, which, for the purpose of giving a comprehensive
account of the historic occurrences of 1918, has been enlarged to
1,024 pages. The story of the war here presented goes back to
1914 and is not confined to the year which saw the conclusion of
an armistice between the belligerents, though the dramatic de-
velopments in the last period of the conflict are treated more at
length than are those relating to the earlier stages.
It has been the aim in this as in former issues to give in full
the more important official documents, public utterances of
statesmen, legislative acts and diplomatic proceedings relating to
the war, as these will form the basis of future histories of the
great upheaval which has already changed the territorial and
political geography of the world. Among them, to mention only
one, will be found President Wilson's speech setting forth the
"fourteen points" which were accepted by most of the belliger-
ents as the basis upon which to build a lasting peace. Attention
may also be called to the fact that official reports by Secretary
Baker, Gen. Pershing, Gen. March and Secretary Daniels describ-
ing the decisive part the American forces took in the war are
reproduced in the pages of this volume.
Statistical and other information relating to local, state, na-
tional and international affairs is given with the same care and
completeness as in previous issues.
3/0
REi*
INDEX— 1919.
Abbreviations, Titles, etc., 44
Abdication of William II...626
Abyssinia .; 782
Academy, French 170
Accidents 787
Accidents, Public Utility,
111 934
Accidents, Railroad 148
Acres per Inhabitant 110
Administrative Code, 111., 817
Administrator. Public .873
Aerial Coast Patrol 584
Afghanistan 781
Africa, Union ol South.. 777
Agricultural Statistics.... 74
Agriculture, Census 80
Agriculture, Dept. of. m...804
Agriculture, Dept. of . . . .228
Agriculture, Secretaries of 211
Aircraft Corporation 396
Aircraft Inquiry 553
Airplane, Materials in 426
Airplane Raids, London,
Paris 551
Airplane Records 272
Airplane Service, U. S 652
Airs, National 71
Alabama State Officers. ...281
Alabama, Vote 280
Alaska 785
Alaska Mineral Production 180
Alaska, Population 114
Albania 777
Alcoholic liquors 38
Aldermen and Wards,
Chicago 996
Aldermen, Board of 884
Algeria '. 782
Alien Enemy Relief Com.. 584
Alien Property Custodian.. 584
Alliance, Labor and Democ-
racy 208
Allies and America 481
Almshouses, Paupers in... 125
Altitudes, Continental 66
Ambassadors, American . . .241
Ambassadors, Foreign 244
America and Allies 481
Am. Academy Arts, Letters 184
American Bible Society .. .191
American Citizen's Creed.. 220
American Defense Society 208
Am. Federation of Labor 146
American Hall of Fame.. 69
American Library Ass'n. .202
Am. Sunday School Union 190
American Tract Society. ..191
Anarchists, Law to Ex-
clude 493
Anglo-Boer War 170
Animal Products, Value. . 84
Animals on Illinois Farms 761
Animals, Farm .•. 82
Annapolis Academy 495
Anniversaries, Wedding ... 39
Annuity Tables 42
Antarctic Exploration 140
Antietam Battle Field 61
Antiquities, American 61
Antitrust Law, Sherman.. 67
Appeals, Circuit Courts of . 229
Appellate Court. 1st Dist.,874
Apple Crop 81
Apportionment, Congress. .213
Appropriations, Chicago . . .891
Appropriations, Cook Co.. 879
Appropriations, 65th Con-
gress' '. '. 400
Appropriations, War 398
Archangel, Landing at... 468
Archbishops. 185
Architect, City 888
Architect, County 873
Arctic Exploration 140
Area, Illinois Cities 856
Area, Large Cities 121
Area, United States 115
Areas, Oceans, Seas, etc. . . 66
Argentina and U. S 143
Argentine Republic 782
Argonne Forest, Battle in.. 616
Arizona, Vote of 281
Arizona, State Officers 281
Arkansas, State Officers.. 282
Arkansas, Vote of 281
Armies of the World 492
Armistice Negotiations. . .619
Armistice Proclamation,
Wilson 624
Armistice Terms 456
Armistice, Wilson Refuses
453, 455
Army, Am., Operations of 560
Army Appropriations 398
Army Corps Organizations 506
Army Divisions at Front 503
Army. 1st American 497
Army General Staff 504
Army, Growth of 506
Army, Health and Morale 694
Army, Increase, Act 398
Army and Navy Union... 205
Army Nurses 204
Army. Organization of... 515
Army Pay Table 511
Army Registration 507
Army, United States 496
Army, U. S., Before War. 494
Army, U. S., Officers 496
Arrivals. Vessel, Chicago. 958
Arsenals, United States... 223
Art Galleries. World's 60
Art Institute, Chicago 953
Artists, Societies of 931
Arts, Letters. Academy... 5 184
Arts and Letters, Inst...l83
Assassinations in Russia . 468
Assembly, Illinois 796
Assessment. Chicago, Cook
County 920
Assessment, Illinois 870
Assessors, Board of 873
Associated Press, The 221
Associations, General 182
Associations, Learned 181
Associations, Political, Chi. 957
Asylums in Chicago 947
Athletics 262
Atlantic Voyages, Fast... 113
Attorney, City 885
Attorney. Prosecuting 885
Attorneys, City 794
Attorneys-General 211
Attorneys, U. S. District. .231
Australia 777
Austria Asks for Peace. . . 454
Austria, Collapse of 611
Austria, Emperor of. Ab-
dicates 659
Austria-Hungary 777
Austria Signs Armistice. .613
Austria, War Against 327
Austrian Armistice 457
Austrian Peace Proposal. .445
Austrians in U. S 109
Automobiles in U. S 89
Automobiles, Manufacture
of 137
Autumn Begins 15
Aviation in War 550
Aviators Killed. List 557
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
B
Badges, Army, Navy 509
Baker, Secty., in Europe.. 616
Baker. Secty., on Air Serv-
ice 561
Balfour to Hertling 439
Balkan Battle Line Map.. 610
Balkan-Bulgarian War.. ..170
Balkan-Turkish War 170
Ballooning- 272
Baltimore Speech, Wilson. 403
Bank Act, Cook Co. Vote. 807
Bank Act., 111., Vote on. .289
Bank. Chicago, Deposits.,
Loans 898
Bank Clearings, Chicago.. 897
Bank Credits and Debt.. 718
Bank, Fed. Reserve, Chgo.828
Bank Statements, Fed.
Res 749
Banking Power, U. S 134
Banking Statistics 133
Banknotes, Denominations. 133
Banks, Chicago 895
Banks, Federal Reserve.. 748
Banks, Largest Capital. .. .133
Banks, National 133
Banks, Savings, Foreign. 135
Baptist Denomination 189
Barley Crop by States 79
Barley Crop, World 76
Barley Crop by Years. ... 76
Baseball 245
Baseball, World's Series. .246
Basket Ball 274
Bathing Beaches 918
Baths. Free Public 832
Battle List, American.... 329
Battles, Dates of 646
Bean Crop by States 8:
Bean Crop. World 76
Beet Sugar Production,... 77
Belgians in U. S 109
Belgium 778
Belgium, Liberation of... 674
Belgium Replies to Pope. 433
Belleau Wood, Battle 669
Benevolent Societies 197
Ben-Hur, Tribe of 199
Bequests to Education.... 98
Bequest*. Notable, 1918.. 173
Bernstorff Propaganda . .673
Bessemer Park 916
Bicycles Manufactured. ...13'
Bicycle Racing 275
Billiards 269
Birth Rates 178
Bishops, Episcopal 186
Bishops, Methodist 186
Bishops, Roman Catholic. .185
Blanc Mont, Capture of.. 570
Blind and Deaf, Schools.. 97
Blind Population 127
Blizzard in Chicago 953
Board of Education 899
Board of Trade, Chicago. .938
Boat Racing 260
Boer War 170
Boiler Inspection Dept 888
Bokhara 781
Bolivia 782
Bolo Pasha Treason Case. 477
Bolsheviki and Bolshevism
469
Bolshevism' in 'Germany. .656
Bomb Explosion, Chicago. 85
Bombing Crews, Training . 677
Bond, Liberty (3d) Act.. 367
Bond, Liberty (4th) Act. 388
Bonds, Road, HI., Vote... 289
Boulevard Link 870
Boulevards, Chicago 915
Bowling 256
Boycott, Buck Stove Co. .764
Brazil 782
Brest -Litovsk Treaty 464
Bridewell 888
Bridge System, Chicago. .951
Bridges, Closed Hours on. 877
Briquets, Fuel 162
Britain-America Treaty. . . . 692
Britain's Part in War 660
British War Councils 479
Bromine Production 61
Brooklyn Railroad Disas-
ter 792
Broom Corn by States ... 81
Browne, L. E.>, on Bol-
shevism 469
Buck Stove Co. Boycott.. 764
Buckwheat Crop by States 79
Buckwheat Crop by Years 76
Buffalo Herds 202
Building Assn's, U. S 134
Building Statistics. Chi 834
Buildings. Dept. of 887
Buildings, Notable, Chi.. 939
Buildings, Notable, N. Y..941
Buildings, State, Value 763
Bulgaria 778
Bulgarian Armistice 456
Bulgarian-Balkan War. . . .170
Bulgarians in U. S 109
Bullard, R. L., Sketch. .652
Bureau Pub. Efficiency. .816
Bureaus, Consolidation 386
Burian's Peace Views 444
Bushel Weights 37
Butter, Trade in 84
Cabbage Crop 81
Cabinets of Presidents. . .210
Cable Control by Govt...535
Caillaux Treason Case. . .476
Calendar for 1919 17
Calendar, Church, lor
1919 15
Calendar, Ready - Refer-
ence 24
Calendars (1920-1923)... 23
Calendars, Various 16
California State Officers. .283
California. Vote ol 282
Campbell Park 917
Canada 775
Canada-American Treaty . . 692
Canada's Part in War. ..665
Canadians in U. S 109
Canal, Panama. . 754
Canal, Sault Ste. Marie. . 98
Canals, Ship 98
Canvassing Board. State... 867
Capital Issue Committee. . 365
Capital Punishment 276
Capitals of States 771
Capitol in Washington. . .218
Cardinals. College of 185
Carnegie Foundation 752
Carrying Power Develop-
ment 162
Casa Grande Ruin 61
Casting 273
Casualties, First American331
Casualties in War 329
Cattle in U. S 82
Cavell Execution 703
Celebrations, Peace 624
Cement Production 51
Cemeteries. Chicago 941
Censorship Board 584
Census Bureau. Work .... 773
Centenarians in U. S 228
Centennial Building Com-
mission 866
Centennial. Illinois 831
Chamberlain - Wilson Dis-
pute 40
Chaplains. Number, Army 38
Character. Committees on. 864
Charitable Institutions.
Cook County 877
Charitable Institutions. 111.865
Charities, United 828
Charity Organizations .... 842
Charles I.. Abdication 659
Chart of the Heavens .... 25
Chateau Thierry, Battle . .
563. 568
Cheese, Trade in 84
Chevrons. Wound, Service 509
Chicago Election Returns. 800
Chicago Finances 892
Chicago at a Glance 910
Chicago, Growth in Area
. 934. 935
Chicago. Metropolitan
District 846
Chicago Officials 883, 884
Chicago Plan Platform. . .716
Chicago Points of Interest 951
Chicago Popula'tion 927
Chicago, Progress of 833
Chicago Univ. Library.. . .922
Chicago and War 705
Chicagoans Killed in War 836
Chicago's Roll of Honor. 836
Chickamauga Battle Field. 61
Children, School, in U. S.. 96
Children's Science Library .923
Chile 782
Chile-Peru Controversy . . . 715
China 781
Chinese in U. S 109
Chipilly Ridge, Battle of . . 614
Christian Endeavor Soc. . .190
Christian Science Church. 189
Christmas Packages to
Soldiers 674
Chronological Cycles 15
Chronology of Am. Battles 578
Chronology of War 629
Church Calendar for 1919. 15
Church Membership 191
Church of New Jerusalem . 190
Church Statistics 185
Cincinnati, Society of . . . .206
Circuit Clerks. Illinois 867
Circuit Court Judges. U.S. 229
Circuit Court of Appeals . . 229
Circuit Court, Cook Co 874
Circulation, Daily News . . 998
Circulation Statement, U.S.137
Circua Train Wreck 160
Cities. Am., Population..
117. 118
Cities, Area of Large 121
Cities, Distances Between. 68
Cities, Elevation of 121
Cities. Government of. ... 766
Cities, m.. Government. . . 862
Cities. Largest in World. .122
Cities, Rank of Largest . . 123
Citizenship ol Foreign
Born 106
Citizenship in U. S 215
City of Athens. Loss ol . . 138
City Clerk's Office 884
City Clerks. Chicago 794
City Comptroller 885
City Engineer's Office 885
City Treasurer's Office 884
Civil Service. Chicago 888
Civil Service Com.. U. S. .228
Civil Service. Cook Co 872
Civil Service. Illinois 866
Civil Service. U. S 168
Claims. Court. U. S 229
Clearances, Chicago 958
Clemenceau to Hertling. .442
Climatology. U. S 774
Clover Seed Crop 81
Clubs and Clubhouses. . . .945
Coal, Ban on Consumption 410
Coal Production. U. S 141
Coast Guard, U. S 163
Coast Line of the U. S. . 27
Coffee Consumed 88
Coffee, Trade in 84
Coinage by Nations 130
Coinage. World 132
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Coins. Foreign. Value. ... 33
Coins of U. S 135
Collector, City 885
Colleges. American 90
Colombia 782
Columbus Park 917
Colonial Wars. Society. . . . 207
Color, Population by.... 104=
Colored Population 99
Colorado, Vote of ;283
Colorado State Officers... 283
Columbia Disaster 143
Commerce. Chicago 958
Commerce, Chi. Ass'n of.. 842
Commerce Department.. . .226
Commerce Dept., Ill 866
Commerce. Domestic. U. S . 711
Commerce. Secretaries of. 211
Commission Governed Cit-
ies 766
Commit teemen. Senatorial. 806
Committees. Cook County. 858
Committees, 111., Political . 858
Committees, Nat'l Polit-
ical 277
Committees, State Central. 277
Common School Statistics 97
Commonwealth Edison Co.829
Communications, Develop-
ment 162
Compensation. Bureau of.. 886
Compromise, No Peace by. 448
Comptroller. City 885
Comptroller. County 872
Concrete. Military Uses. . 73
Confederate Veterans 205
Congratulations on Peace. 483
Congregational Churches. .188
Congress. Party Lines 222
Congress, 65th, Members . . 233
Congress. 65th. Work of.. 361
Congress. 66th. Members. 237
Congress, Wilson Asks
Dem 325
Congressional Apportion-
ment 213
Congressional Dists., Cook
Co 852
Congressional Dists., 111.. 851
Connecticut State Officers. 284
Connecticut, Vote of 284
Conscription, Irish 772
Constitutional Conv., Cook
County Vote 807
Constitutional Convention,
Illinois Vote 289
Consulates in Chicago. . . .829
Consuls, U. S 242
Contents Previous Issues. 1000
Conventions, National .... 22
Cook County Committees. . 868
Cook County Election Re-
turns 801
Cook County Finances. . . .880
Cook County Officials. . . .
871. 872
Cook County Population. .986
Cook County Vote 807
Copyright Laws 62
Corn Crop by States 78
Corn Crop, World 75
Corn Crop by Years 76
Corn Prices, Chicago 994
Corn, Trade in 8
Coroner's Office 873
Corporation Counsel 885
Correction. House of 888
Cost of Living 757
Cost of the War 332
Costa Rica 783
Cotton Crop by States. . . 80
Cotton Crop. World 75
Cotton Crop by Years. ... 77
Cotton Statistics, U. S . . . 78
Cotton. Trade in 83
Cottonseed Oil, Trade in . . 83
Council, City 884
Council. City, Politics of. 833
Council National Defense. .584
Councils. Allied War. . . .479
County »Agent 873
County Clerk. Cook 872
County Clerks. Illinois . . . 867
County Commis.. Cook 872
County Court. Cook 874
County Departments, Di-
rectory 875
County Hospital. Cook 873
County Institutions 873
County Officers. Ill 867
Court of Claims. HI 864
Court. Municipal. Chicago 875
Court. U. S. Supreme 229
Courts in Cook County . . . 874
Courts. United States .... 229
Cows in U. S 82
Cranberry Crop 81
Crater Lake Park 61
Crerar Library 922
Crime. Chicago 942
Criminal Court. Chicago.. .874
Crop Values by Years. ... 84
Crops Compared 38
Crops, Farm Value 77
Crops, Illinois (1909) .. .762
Crops on Irrigated Farms. 160
Crops of 1918 85
Crops, Rank of States. . . 81
Crops by States 78
Crops of U. S. in 1909 . . 87
Crown Prince, German, on
„ War 627
Crown Prince Interned . . . 526
Cuba 783
Cubans in U. S 109
Cunard Liners Lost 547
Customs Appeals, Court . . 229
Customs Duties, U. S 45
Cycles. Chronological 15
Czecho-Slovak Republic.. .520
Czernin. Count, on Cause
of War 628
Czernin Speech (April 2) .440
Czernin's Peace Views. . . . 434
Danes in U. S 109
Dardanelles, Naval Battle. 852
Dates, Recent Historical.. 171
Daughters of G. A. R 204
Daughters of Revolution. .206
Daughters of Veterans 204
Daylight Saving- Act 768
Daylight Saving- Months.. 18
Dead, Chicago's Soldier 836
Dead, Noted, in War 331
Deaf and Dumb in U. S.127
Death, Punishment by. ...276
Death Rates, 111 956
Death Rates, Foreign 178
Death Rates, U. S 177
Death Roll, Chicago 980
Death Roll, Foreign 791
Death Roll, United States. 789
Death Statistics, Chicago. .955
Deaths by Age 177
Deaths by Causes 177
Deaths, Noted 174
Debs, Eugene V.. Case 539
Debt and Bank Credits. ...718
Debt, Public, U. S 750
Debts, National 144
Debts, State, Per Capita. .767
Debts, War 334
Declaration of Independ-
ence 710
Declaration of London 531
Declarations of War 327
Decorations for Chicagoans 954
Decorations, Foreign, Act. 398
Decorations, Medals, Act . 397
Defense Council Raport . . . 558
Defense. Council National. .584
Defense, State Council of. 860
Degrees, Abbreviations 44
Delaware State Officers... 284
Delaware, Vote of 284
Democratic Nat'l Com 277
Democratic Platform 219
Democratic Primary 80-1
Denmark 778
Denmark, Trade Agreement 423
Denominational Statistics . 191
Dental Schools 97
Departure, Unlawful, U. S.382
Deportation of Aliens 161
Depths of Oceans, Seas. . 66
Diamonds, Famous 44
Diamonds, Weights of 44
Dingley Tariff 49
Diplomatic Service 241
Disasters to Shipping 140
Dispensaries in Chicago. .948
Distances Between Cities. . 68
Distances Between Seaports 68
Distances in Chicago 974
Distilled Spirits Consumed 89
District Attorneys, U. S..231
District Courts, U. S 230
Division Table 39
Divorce, Causes for 72
Divorce Statistics, U. S . . 71
Dominican Republic 784
Douglas Park 917
Draft Age Changed 390
Drago Doctrine 67
Drainage Dist., Chicago.. 857
Dutch In U. S 110
Dutch Ships Requisitioned 419
Duties Collected ~ 155
Duties, Customs, U. S 45
Dwellings in U. S 124
Dynasties Deposed 331
Eagles, Order of 199
Earth and Moon 31
Earthquake in Porto Rico . 244
Earthquakes. Modern 70
Easter Sunday Dates 65
Eastern Star Order 198
Ebert, Friedrich. Sketch . . 656
Ebert Government 653
Eckhart Park 917
Eclipses in 1919 31
Ecuador 782
Education Board, General. 774
Education, Board of 899
Education, Bureau of 228
Education. Dept. of. 111. ..866
Education, Gifts to 98
Efficiency, Bureau Public. 816
Egypt 782
Eichhorn Assassination . . .468
Election Calendar, General . 221
Election Calendar. Local.. 816
Election Commissioners ...888
Election, Cook County 807
Election Laws Commission. 867
Election Returns, Chicago. 800
Election Returns, Cook Co . 801
Election Returns, States... 280
Electoral College 209
Electoral Districts, 111 848
Electoral Vote 222
Electric Roads, U. S 148
Electrical Units 36
Electricity Dept.. Chicago. . 887
Elevated Rail. Stations. .913
Elevation, Am. Cities 121
Elevation of Chicago 954
Elks. Order of 199
Ember Days 15
Employes, Chi., Number. 944
Employes, Federal 168
Employment for Millions. .325
Employment Offices. 111... 701
Employment for Soldiers. 698
Engineers, Supervising 886
English in U. S 109
Entry. Unlawful. U. S...382
Epidemic, Influeriza 745
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Episcopal Church 186
Epworth League 186
Equalization. State Board. 864
Equinox, Vernal 27
Eras of Time 15
Eruptions, Modern 70
Espionage Act Amendment 385
Espionage Cases 537
Evanston Public Library. .923
Events of 1918 787
Examiners, Boards of 887
Excess Profits Receipts. ...167
Excise Taxes 734
Executions in Cook Co.... 950
Executive Department 225
Expectation of Life 179
Expenditures, Government . 752
Expenditures, National. . . 144
Expenses, Express Co 149
Expenses, Railroad 147
Experts. Bill for, Chicago. 948
Exploration, Arctic 140
Explosion, Gillespie 426
Export Trade Association . 369
Exports, Agricultural 84
Exports, Chicago 980
Exports by Continents 157
Exports by Countries 156
Exports, Food 771
Exports, Gold, Silver 155
Exports of Merchandise. .151
Exports, Summary of.. ..153
Exports by Years 154
Express Co., Finances 149
Failures in U. S 162
Fall Begins 15
Fame, American Hall of.. 69
Families in U. S 124
Family Altar League 191
Fares for Taxicabs 827
Farm Animal Prices, 111.. 990
Farm Animals and Prices 82
Farm Census, U. S ; 86
Farm Labor, Wages 88
Farm Land, Value 85
Farm Products, Value 84
Farmers' Institute. Illinois.866
Farmers by States 87
Farmers in U. S 86
Farmers, Wilson Message
to 403
Farms in Illinois 761
Farms, Irrigated./ 160
Farms for Soldiers 696
Fats, Shortage in 324
Federal Building Bomb ... 86
Federal Council Churches. 190
Federal Judiciary 229
Federal Reserve Bank, Chi . 828
Federal Reserve Banks... 74 8
Federal Reserve Statement . 749
Feeble-Minded in U. S..128
Field Museum 924
Field Museum Library 923
Fight or Work Order 680
Finance Corporation? War. 362
Kinance department. HI. . . 864
Finances. Chicago 892
Finances, Cook Co 880
Finances, School, Chicago. 905
Finances of War 333
Financial Statement, U. S.750
Financial Statistics 130
Finland 526
Finns in U. S 109
Fire Department, Chicago.888
Fire Losses, Chicago .... 787
Fire Losses, U. S 137
Fire Marshals, Chicago 830
Fire Prevention. Bureau... 888
Fire Stations, Chicago 827
Fire Statistics. Chicago .. .936
Firemen. Veteran 944
Fires, Forest, Minnesota. .208
Fires,_ Theater ._.... 222
Firms, Old Chicago 949
Flag Display Days..., 936
Flag, Red, Barred. ..T. .. .810
Flag, Rules for Use 764
Flag, U. S., Dimensions.. 218
Flags, Weather 38
Flaxseed, Crop, World 75
Floods and Storms 788
Florida State Officers 285
Florida, Vote of 284
Flour, Trade in 83
Flowers, State -63
Flower Symbols of Months 63
Flyi and Bait Casting 273
Foch Amends Armistice. .460
Food Exports, U. S 771
Food for 3.000.000 Men... 691
Food Proclamation, Wilson 401
Food Rules, New 402
Food Used by Army 549
Football Results 250
Foreign Born in Cities... Ill
Foreign Born Population . 108
Foreign Born, Wilson to. .409
Foreign Governments 776
Foreign Orders for Chica-
goans 954
Foreign Wars, Order of. .206
Forest Fjres, Minnesota. .208
Forest Preserve Map 835
Forest Preserves, Cook Co.834
Foresters, Ind. Order 200
Foresters, United 198
"Fourteen Points," Wil-
son's 429
Fourth of July, 1918 707
France 778
Franchise Law, British. .232
Franklin Park 917
Fraternal Congress of Am . 200
Fraternal Societies 197
Fraternity Houses, Chi 829
Free List, Customs 47
French in U. S 110
Friendship, U. S.-Argentine 143
Fryatt Execution 704
Fuel Briquets 162
Gage Park 915
Garabed Invention 375
Garfield Coal Order 410
Garfield, Dr.. Resignation . 549
Garfield Park 916
Garnishment Law, 111 936
Garrett Biblical Institute
Library 923
Gary Law Library 923
Gas and Electricity Dept..887
Gem Symbols of Months.. 63
General Education Board. 774
General, Rank of 497
Geographic Society, Chi.. 938
Geological Survey 228
Georgia State Officers... 286
Georgia, Vote of 285
German-American Alliance.390
German Armistice 458
German Austria 525
German Peace Feelers. . . .445
German Peace Note (Oct. 5) 452
Germans in U. S 110
Germany 778
Germany Asks for Peace. 450
Germany Blamed for War. 337
Germany, Revolution in.. 653
Gettysburg Battle Field... 61
Gifts to Education 98
Gifts, Notable. 1918 173
Gifts for Y. M. C. A 173
Gillespie Explosion 426
Glacier National Park 61
Glass. Carter. Secy, of
Treasury 78R
Gold Coinage by Nations.. 130
Gold Coinage. World.... 132
Gold, Fineness of 44
Gold Imports, Exports. .. 155
Gold Production, U.S., 130. 131
Gold Production, World.. 130
Gold, Stocks of 132
Goldman, Emma, Sentenced 659
Golf 253
Good Roads Vote, Cook Co., 807
Good Templars, Order 199
Government, Cities 766
Government of Illinois. . .847
Government, 111. Cities.. 862
Government Officials 225
Govt. Officials, Chicago. ..829
Government Receipts 752
Govt. Takea Railroads. . .412
Governments, Foreign 775
Govts., Local, in Chicago.. 842
Governors of Illinois 974
Governors of States 771
Grace, Days of 41
Grain Statistics, Chicago.. 994
Grand Army Republic 203
Grand Army Rep., Ill 828
Grandpre, Battle of 617
Grant. General, Nat. Park. 61
Grant Park 915
Gravity, Specific, Table.. 37
Great Britain 775
Greece 779
Greece. Offers to 354
Greek Church Calendar.. 16
Greeks in U. S 110
Grip Epidemic 745
Guardsmen, Medal for 398
Guam 785
Guatemala 783
Guatemala in War 328
Guilford Courthouse Park 61
H
Hagenbeck- Wallace Wreck .160
Haiti 784
Haiti in War 329
Hale, Wm. Bayard, Case.. 541
Hamilton Park 916
Hammond Library 923
Handball 260
Harrison Park .'..917
Harvard- Yale Races 262
Harvest Moon 32
Harvest. Wheat. Calendar. 82
Hawaii 785
Hawaii National Park 61
Hawaii, Population of 114
Hawaii, Prohibition in... 387
Hawaiian Sugar American-
ized 325
Hay Crop by States 80
Hay Crop by Years 76
Head of Family Defined. .706
Health Dept., Chicago . . . 887
Health Dept., Illinois 866
Health Insurance Com 867
Heatless Days 410
Heavens, Chart of 25
Hebrew Calendar 16
Height Famous Structures . 157
Heights. Normal 40
Hertling on Peace Terms. 431
Hertling Speech (July 11) .443
Hertling to Wilson 437
Hibernians. Order of 199
High School Colors 951
High School Statistics 87
Highest Points in States.. 66
Highest Points in World.. 66
Hindu-German Plot 537
Historical Dates, Recent.. 171
Historical Society Library,
Chicago 922
History of War 586
Hogs in U. S 82
Holidays in U. S 64
Holidays, National 65
Holland 781
Holstein Park 917
Homes, Soldiers 768
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Homestead Laws 223
Homestead. Lincoln 61
Honduras in War 329
Honduras 783
Honor, Chicago's Roll of.. 836
Hop Crop by States 81
Hop Crop. World 75
Hops, Trade in 83
Horses on Farms 82
Horse Racing: 251
Hospitals in Chicago 948
Hospitals. Reconstruction. 514
Hot Spring's Reservation... 61
Hotels, Chicago 955
House Number Guide. 914
House oi Representatives
234, 238
House, Speakers of 212
Housing- for War Needs.. 381
Housing- Ship'g Employes. 374
Hughes Aircraft Inquiry . 553
Humboldt Park 916
Hungarian Republic 525
Hungarians in U. S 110
Hunters' Moon 32
Hymns, National 71
Idaho State Officers 286
Idaho. Vote of 286
Illinois Administrative Code
817
Illinois Centennial 831
Illinois Centennial Coin . . . 382
Illinois County Officers. . . 867
Illinois Electoral Districts. 848
Illinois. Government of ... 847
Illinois Hard Roads Plan. 822
Illinois Men in War 830
Illinois Officials 864
Illinois Popular Vote 793,
Illinois Population Statis-
tics 849
Illinois Regiments in War. 830
Illinois Reserve Militia. . . 830
Illinois State Associations. 912
Illinois State Central Com-
mittees 858
Illinois. U. of. Trustees. . .864
Illinois, Vote of 287
Illinois War Organizations 860
Illiteracy in U. S 126
Immigration Law 217
Immigration Statistics. . . .161
Impeachment Cases 222
Imports. Chicago 990
Imports by Continents. . . . 157
Imports by Countries .... 156
Imports. Gold, Silver 155
Imports of Merchandise. .150
Imports, Restriction of ... 678
Imports. Summary of.... 153
Imports by Years 154
Improvements, Bd. Local.. 886
Income Tax 727
Income Tax. British 143
Income Tax Receipts 167
Indemnities Claimed 669
Indemnity for Army Dam-
ages 375
Independence Day. 191 8.. 707
Independence. Declaration
of 710
India 775
Indian Affairs Office 228
Indiana State Officers. .. .290
Indiana. Vote of 289
Industries Board. War 584
Industries in Chicago .... 844
Industries. Illinois 843
Industries, Rank of 158
Infant Mortality 178. 179
Influenza Epidemic 745
Insane in Illinois 847
Insane in U. S 128
Insignia. Army, Navy.... 508
Institute Arts. Letters 183
Insurance After War 618
Insurance, Soldiers. Sail-
ors 517
Insurance Statistics 137
Insurance. War, Amended. 391
Intelligence Tests 681
Interest Tables 40
Interior Department 228
Interior, Secretaries of... 211
Internal Revenue, Chicago 910
Internal Revenue Receipts 165
Interest, Points of 951
Interstate Commerce Com. 228
Interurban Trolley Lines. .877
Intrigues, German South
America 528
Iowa State Officers 292
Iowa, Vote of 291
Irish Convention 772
Irish Home Rule 772
Irish in U. S 110
Iron, Pig, Production. . . .141
Italia Irredenta 672
Italian Battle Lines. Map. 612
Italian Treaty of 1915 . . . 352
Italian-Turkish War 170
Italians in U. S 110
Italy ...779
Italy's Victory 611
Italy's Welcome to Ameri-
can Soldiers 675
I. W. W. Conspiracy 424
Jackson Park 915
Japan 781
Japan Intervention, Russia.467
Japanese in U. S 110
Japanese-Russian Treaty . . 359
Japanese-Russian War. . . .170
Jefferson Park 917
Jerusalem, Water System. 585
Jewish Calendar 16
Judges, Circuit Court, U.
S 229
Judges, County. Illinois. . .867
Judges, Probate. HI 867
Judges U. S. Dist. Courts. 230
Judiciary. Cook County... 874
Judiciary. Federal 229
Jugo Slav Nation 524
Jupiter, Planet 30
Jury Commission 873
Justice Department 227
Juvenile Court 874
Juvigny. Battle of 615
Kafir Crops by -States — 81
Kansas State Officers 293
Kansas. Vote of 292
Kentucky State Officers... 294
Kentucky. Vote of 293
Khiva 782
King's Daughters 191
Knights of Columbus 199
Knights of Pythias 198
Knights Templars... 197
Knitted Garments in War. 549
Kongo, Belgian 782
Korea 781
Labor Administration . . . .416
Labor. American Federa-
tion 146
Labor Board, Changes. .. .665
Labor Board. Nat'l 418
Labor Boards. War 417
Labor, Chicago Federation 829
Labor Day Message,
Wilson's 409
Labor Department 2€6
Labor Department. Ill 865
Labor, Illinois Federation . 958
Labor, Secretaries of 211
Ladies of the G. A. R... .204
Lafayette Squadron 550
LaFollette, Sen., Censured. 759
Lake Trade, Chicago 958
Lakes, Area, Depth 66
Lakes, Largest, U. S 170
Land, Farm, Value 86
Land for Military Use.... 376
Land Office. General 228
Lands, Public 143
Languages of World 66
Lard, Prices, Chicago 994
Lassen Volcanic Park 61
Law Department, City 885
Law Examiners, 111 864
Law Institute Library 923
Law, International, Main-
• tenance 425
Law and Order Leagues. . .826
Law Schools 97
Laws, Uniform. Commis-
sion 867
League to Enforce Peace . 208
League for National Unity 208
Learned Societies, Chicago 882
Learned Societies, U. S.. . .181
Legations, American 241
Legations, Foreign 244
Legislative Ref. Bureau... 866
Legislative Vote. Ill 797
Legislature, 111., Members. 796
Legislatures of States 771
Lenin, Attempt to Kill. . .468
Lewis Institute Library. . .923
Liability to Military Serv-
ice 385
Liberia 782
Liberty Bond Act (3d)... 367
Liberty Bond Act (4th) . .388
Liberty Day Proclamation 405
Liberty Engine .Details 688
Liberty Loan Exemption. . 395
Liberty Loans 333
Libraries, Chicago 921
Library Ass'n. War Work. 202
Library. Illinois Historical.866
License Rates, Chicago . . . 966
Licenses. Liquor 767
Lichnowsky Memorandum . 337
Lichnowsky, Von Jagow
to 348
Lieutenant-General, Rank
of 497
Life. Expectation of 179
Life Tables, U. S 179
Lisr»ett, Hunter, Sketch. ..652
Lime Production 145
Limitations. Statutes 41
Lincoln's Gettysburg-
Speech 711
Lincoln Park 915
Liquor Licenses 767
Liquors Consumed in U.S. 89
Liquors, Materials in 38
Liquors Produced 759
Literacy Test 217
Lithuania 527
Live Stock on Farms. ... 82
Living, Cost of 757
Lloyd George on Peace
Policies 672
Lloyd- George on War
Aims 427
Lloyd George to Hertling.436
Lloyds 726
Loan Associations. U. S.. .134
Loan Tax Exemption. . . .395
Loans. Greatest War 676
Loans. Liberty 333
Loans to Allies 333
Lodge Mexican Resolution 67
London Celebrates Peace.. 622
London. Declaration of. . .531
Losses in War 329
Louisiana State Officers . . 295
Louisiana. Vote of 294
Lowest Points in World. . 66
Loyal Legion 205
8
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Lucia, The, Torpedoed. , . . 548
Lusitania Disaster 748
Lutheran Denomination.. .189
Luther League 189
Luxburg Intrigues 52rf
Luxemburg Liberated 657
Lynching^ 145
M
Maccabees, The 200
Madagascar 782
Mail by Airplane 213
Mail Information 58
Maine State Officers 295
Maine, Vote of 296
Males of Militia Age 107
Malt Liquors Consumed. . 89
Manufactures in Chicago. .844
Manufactures in Cities. ..159
Manufactures in Illinois. .843
Manufactures by States.. 159
Manufactures, U. S 158
Map, Balkan Battle Lines. 610
Map, Italian Battle Lines. 612
Map of New States 521
Map, Palestine Battle Lines 610
Map, Russian Military
Situation 623
Map of Western Europe
(1918) 621
Map, Western Front,
March. 1918 607
Map, Western Front, Nov.
11. 1918 585
Maps. Bureau of 886
March, Gen., Honored. .. .690
March, Gen., Report 671
Marine Corps. Secy. Daniels'
Report 568
Marine Disasters 787
Mariner's Measure 50
Marquette Park 915
Marriage Laws 73
Marriage Statistics, U. S.. 71
Mars, Planet 30
Marshals, U. S 231
Maryland State Officers. . .296
Maryland, Vote of 295
Masonic Grand Lodges 197
Mass. State Officers 297
Massachusetts, Vote of 296
Mayflower Descendants . . .207
Mayoralty Elections, Chi.. 794
Mayors of Chicago 974
Mayors of Large Cities. .. .746
Maywood Public Library. .924
McAdoo, Secy., Resigns 785
McKinley Park 915
McKinley Tariff 49
Measures, Illinois 834
Measures, Shipping 50
Measures and Weights ... 34
Meatless Days 403
Mechanics. Junior Order. ..200
Medals, Decorations, Law. 397
Median Lines, Population . 102
Medical Schools 97
Mediation. Federal Board . 795
Memorandum, Lichnowsky . 337
Men of Voting Age 106
Merchant Marino, U. S....139
Merchant Shipbuilding ... 139
Mercury, Planet 28
Mesa Verde Park 61
Message to Congress 721
Methodist Church 186
Metric Equivalents 36
Metric System 34
Metropolitan Districts 99
Meuse-Argonne Offensive. .564
Mexican-American Clash.. 715
Mexican Policy, Wilson... 714
Mexicans in U. S 110
Mexico 783
Michigan Ave. Link 870
Michigan State Officers 298
Michigan, Vote of 297
Mid-European Union 523
Midshipmen, More 376
Military Academy, U. S...495
Military Forces of 111.... 830
Military Service, Liability
to 385
Military Service Treaty . . 692
Mills Tariff 49
Mine Disasters (1918).. .788
Mines, Bureau of 228
Mineral Products, U. S 141
Mines, Accidents in 143
Mines, Dept. of, Illinois. . .865
Mines and Quarries 142
Mining Disasters Great . . . 169
Mining Investigation Com. 867
Ministers. Churches 191
Ministers, Foreign 244
Minnesota Forest Fires 208
Minnesota State Officers.. 300
Minnesota, Vote of 298
Mirbach, Count, Killed... 468
Mississippi State Officers. 301
Mississippi, Vote of 300
Missouri State Officers 302
Missouri, Vote of 301
Mob Violence. Wilson on. .713
Mohammedan Calendar.... 16
Molasses, Louisiana 7
Moldavia, Sinking of 547
Money in Circulation 137
Money and Finance 130
Money, Foreign, Value 3
Money Order System 59
Money of World 131
Monroe Doctrine 67
Montana State Officers 302
Montana, Vote of 302
Montenegro 779
Months, Symbols of 63
Monument to Am. Soldiers 519
Monuments in Chicago ... 956
Monuments, National 61
Moon and Earth 31
Moon, Hunter's, Harvest.. 3'
Moon, Light and Dark 27
Mooney Case 770
Morocco 788
Morrison Tariff 49
Mortality Statistics, Chi.. 955
Mortality Statistics. U. S..177
Mortuary 789
Mother Tongue, Foreigners 113
Mother Tongues, 111 913
Motor Cars and Revenues 89
Motorcycles, Mfd 137
Motoring 275
Mottoes, State 63
Mount McKinley Park 61
Mount Rainier Park 61
Mountains, High 66
Mt. Vernon Address.Wilson.408
Mt. Vernon, The. Torpedoed.548
Muck. Dr. Karl. Case 539
Muehlon War Disclosures. 347
Mules in U. S 82
Multiplication Table 39
Municipal Court, Chicago. 875
Municipal Lodging House. 888
Municipal Pier. Chicago. .907
Municipal Reference Dept. 887
Municipal Reference Lib. . 924
Munitions Plants Plots. .539
Music in Chicago 925
N
National Government 225
National Guard, 111 830
National Hymns 71
Nat'l Party Committee. . .278
Nat'l Political Committees.277
National Union 199
Nat'l War Labor Board... 418
Nations in War 327
Naturalization Alien Sol-
diers 382
Naturalization Laws 216
Naval Acad. Term Reduced.376
Naval Academy. U. S 495
Naval Appropriations 39!)
Naval Events in 1918 580
Naval Losses in War 335
Naval Personnel, Increase . 398
Naval Training Stations. .490
Navies, Principal 492
Navy, Additions to 489
Navy Before the War 494
Navy Department 22 (i
Navy, German, Surrender. 583
Navy League, U. S 207
Navy, Officers of 491
Navy Pay Table 512
Navy, Secretaries of 211
Navy, Ships of 486
Navy. U. S. Growth 489
Navy, U. S., Work of 490
Nebraska State Officers 304
Nebraska. Vote of 303
Necrology 689
Negroes in Cities 104
Negro Population 99
Netherlands. The 781
Nevada State Officers 304
Nevada, Vote of 304
New Hampshire State Offi-
cers 305
New Hampshire. Vote of.. 304
New Jersey State Officers. 305
New Jersey. Vote of 305
New Mexico State Officers.306
New Mexico, Vote of 305
New York Primary Vote. .773
New York State Officers... 308
New York, Vote of 306
Newberry Library 922
Newspaper Publishers' As-
sociation 221
Newspapers in U. S 7O
Nicaragua 783
Nicaragua in War 329
Nicholas II., Killed 469
Nicknames. State 63
Nobel Prize Returned 390
Nobel Prize Winners 765
Nobles Mystic Shrine 198
Normal Schools 97
North Carolina State Offi-
cers 309
North Carolina, Vote of...30«
North Dakota State Offi-
cers 309
North Dakota. Vote of... 309
Northwestern Univ. Lib. . . 924
Norway 779
Norway, Trade Agreement . 423
Norwegians in U. S 110
Noted Dead 174
Numerals, Roman, Arabic. 44
Nurseries in Chicago 947
Oak Park Public Library.. 923
Oat Crop by States 78
Oat Crop, World 76
Oat Crop by Years 76
Occupation. Am. Army of. 657
Occupation German Terri-
tory 657
Occupations in U. S. 760
Oceans. Area, Depth 66
Odd Fellows. Order 198
Officials, Chicago 883
Officials. Cook Co 872
Officials, Government 225
Officials, Govt.. Chicago. . . 829
Officials, Illinois 864
Officials, Terms of 898
Ogden Park 916
Ohio State Officers 311
Ohio, Vote of 310
Oil Cake and Meal. Trade. 83
Oil Inspector 888
Oklahoma State Officers... 312
Oklahoma, Vote of 311
Old Chicago Firms 949
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Old Residents of Chicago.. 960
Old Residents, Deaths of.. 9 64
Olympian Records 265
Onion Crop 81
Orange Crop by States 81
Oreg-on State Officials 313
Oreg-on. Vote of ..313
Organizations, War. in
Washington. 584
Ostend, Blocking of 582
Otranto, Loss of 547
Pacing1 Records 262
Packing. Chicago 954
Packing. Pork, Statistics.. 124
Paes. Sidonio, President,
Killed 656
Palestine, Battle Lines,
Map 610
Palmer Park 916
Panama 783
Panama Canal "54
Panama Canal Zone 785
Panama in War 328
Panics, Theater 222
Paraguay 782
Parcel Post Rates 58
Paris Celebrates Peace . . . 62x
Park Boards 915
Park Service, National.... 228
Parks. Chicago 915
Parks, National 61
Parks, Small 918
Party Lines in Congress. .22
Party Platforms 219
Party Pluralities. Nat'l. . .209
Passport Regulations 72
Patent Office Statistics ... 55
Patents, Applications for. 54
Patriotic Societies 203
Paupers in Almshouses . . . 125
Paupers in Illinois 847
Pay Table, Army 511
Pay Table, Navy 512
Paymaster's Bureau 885
Payne-Aldrich Tariff 49
Pea Crop, World 76
Peace Celebrations 624
Peace Conferences 669
Peace Delegate!. American 667
Peace Discussions 427
Peace Movements, Chro-
nology 719
Peace Parleys, Russian. . . 462
Peaches in 1917... 81
Peanut Crop by States. . . 81
Pear Crop 81
Penitentiary Bldg. Com 867
Pennsylvania State Offi-
cers 314
Pennsylvania, Vote ot . . . . 313
Pension. Laws Commission. 867
Pension Office 228
Pension Statistics 756
Pensions, Spanish War. . .390
Pershing Anniversary
Messages 482
Pershing; Report 560
Persia 782
Peru 783
Petroleum, Crude, Pro-
duced 137
Petroleum Production ....
125. 137
Pharmacy, Schools of. ... 97
Philippine Militia 375
Philippine War 170
Philippines 784
Physician, County 873
Piatt National Park 61
Pier. Municipal 907
Pigeons, Homing, Protec-
tion 375
Pig Iron Production 141
Pioneers. Societies of 964
Planets in 1919 29
Planets, Positions of 26
Planets, Visibility of 32
Platforms. Political 219
Playgrounds 918
Plots, German, in U. S . . .537
Poets Laureate 71
Poland 524
Polar Record 140
Police, Chiefs of 944
Police Dept., Chicago 888
Police in Cities 760
Police Districts, Chicago. .942
Police, W ork of 942
Political Ass'ns, Chicago.. 957
Politics, Past of States.. 223
Polivanov Report 353
Pope and Cardinals 185
Pope, Beigium Replies to. 436
Population by Age. . . :.. .107
Population, Am. Cities 117, 118
Population, Center of.... 102
Population, Chicago 927
Population, Cities, from
1870 118
Population by Colors 104
Population, Cook Co 986
Population by Divisions. .101
Population, Foreign Born. 108
Population, Growth, U. S.102
Population, 111. Cities 856
Pop., 111., by Counties 849
Pop., Marital Condition. .108
Population, Median Lines. 102
Population Per Sq. Mile. 116
Population by Race 104
Population, Rural. . . . 108, 114
Population by Sex 105
Population, Statistics 99
Population, Urban 108,114
Pop., U. S., Each Census. 100
Population of World. .....115
Pork Packing: Statistics. .124
Pork Prices, Chicago 994
Portland Cement Library.. 924
Porto Rico 784
Porto Rico Earthquake. ...244
Porto Rico, Population. .114
Portugal 779
Portugal, Pres. Assassinated 656
Portuguese in U. S 110
Postage, Airplane 382
Postage Rates 58
Postal Information 58
Postal Savings. U. S 134
Postal Statistics, Chi-
cago 937
Postal Statistics, Nations.. 146
Postal Statistics, U. S....753
Postmasters of Chicago. .794
Postmasters-General 211
Postmasters, Large Cities, 792
Postoffice, Bomb Explo-
sion -. 85
Postoffice, Chicago 937
Postoffice Department. . . .227
Postoffices of Nations 146
Potash Production 324
Potato Crop by States 79
Potato Crop, World 75
Potato Crop by Years. . . 76
Potatoes, Sweet, Crop 80
Potatoes, World Crop 82
Potsdam Conference 682
Power Boat Racing 275
Preparedness Committee . . 207
Presbyterian Church 187
President, Cabinet, Por-
traits 224
President Lincoln, Loss. . .547
President, Vote for (1916), 280
Presidential Succession. . .765
Presidential Vote 209
Presidents, Burial Places. 44
Presidents and Cabinets. ..210
Presidents, College 90
President's Message 721
Presidents. Salaries of... 763
Press, The Associated 221
Prices, High 767
Primary, Chicago, Feb 800
Primary Election, Dl 801
Primary Election Law 861
Princess Sophia, Wreck.. .202
Printing Office, Govt 228
Prinzip, Gavrilo. Death of.426
Prisoners in U. S 129
Prisoners, Treatment Amer. 647
Prisons, State, in U. S. . . 129
Private Aviation Control . 676
Probate Court. Cook Co... 874
Professors in Colleges. ...... 90
Profiteering Report 683
Pro-German Activities . . . .541
Progress of Chicago 833
Progress, of U. S 279
Progressive Platform 219
Prohibition Amendment . . 769
Prohibition in Hawaii. .. .387
Prohibition Nat'l Com.... 278
Prohibition Platform 219
Prohibition States 769
Propositions, 111., Vote... 289
Propositions, Vote on.
Cook County 807
Protestant Episcopal
Church 186
Public Administrator 873
Public Debt Statement ... .750
Public Domain 143
Public Health Dept.. 111.. -.866
Public Information Com. .584
Public Library 921
Public Service Dept., Chi. .886
Public Service, Supt., Co.. 872
Public Welfare Dept.. 111.. 865
Public Works Dept., Chi.. 887
Public Works Dept.. 111... 865
Pugilism 259
Pullman Public Library.. .923
Pulse at Different Ages ... 44
Punishment, Capital 276
Qualifications, Suffrage. . . 214
Quarries, Accidents in 143
Quarries and Mines 142
Quicksilver, Production... 73
R
Race, Population by 104
Racing, Horses 251
Races in World 768
Racquets 274
Railroad Mileage, U. S 148
Railroad Operation Law. .370
Railroad Statistics 147
Railroad Train Speed 39
Railroad Wrecks (1918).. 788
Railroads, Electric 148
Railroads in Govt. Control.412
Railroads. Wilson Message . 414
Rails, Steel, Production. .232
Railway Tunnels, Long.... 37
Railways of Nations 146
Rank, Army. Navy 509
Raw Silk Crop 76
Ready Reference Calendar. 24
ReU Estate Board, Cook
County • 879
Real Estate Transfers 952
Receipts, Government 752
Reclamation Projects 160
Reclamation Service 228
Reconstruction of Chicago. 71 6
Reconstruction Hospitals. .514
Recorder's Office. Cook Co.872
Recorders. Illinois 867
Red Cross Knitting Record.549
Red Cross Medals. Badges.676
Red Cross War Work,
Chicago 826
Red Cross, Wilson Speech. ..405
Red Cross Work of Am... 477
10
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Red Flag- Barred, Chicago...816
Red Men, Order of 200
Redmond, J. E., Death... lt>4
Registrar of Titles 872
Registration (21 yrs.) Act.385
Registration (Army), Total.507
Registration Dept.. Ill 866
Registration (111.) Act
Void 941
Registration. Voters, Chi-
cago 799
Registry System. U. S 59
Rehabilitation, Vocational. 388
Relations, Dip., Severed.. .327
Relief, Civil. Soldiers 376
Religions of World 191
Religious Education Ass'n..l90
Religious Statistics 185
Representatives, U. S., 234, 238
Republican Nat'l Com 277
Republican Platform 219
Republican Primary 801
Research Council. Nat 584
Reserve Bank Statement.. 749
Reserve Militia, 111 830
Residents, Old, Chicago. . .960
Revenue Act (1917) 727
Revenue Cutter Service. . .163
Revenue, Express Co 149
Revenue, Internal, Re-
ceipts 165
Revenues, National 144
Revenues, Railroad 147
Review, Board of 873
Revolution in Germany. .. .653
Revolution, Sons of Am 206
Rhine, Crossing of 658
Rhode Island State Offi-
cers 314
Rhode Island. Vote of.... 314
Rice Crop by States 81
Rice Crop. World 75
Rice. Trade in 83
Rifle Shooting 270
River and Harbor Bureau. 88 6
Rivers, Longest 66
Road Bonds, 111., Vote on...289
Road, Rules of the 911
Roads. Elevated, Benefit
Property 933
Roads, Federal Funds for..769
Roads. 111.. Hard, Act 822
Rock Creek Park 61
Rocky Mountain Park 61
Roll of Honor, Chicago. . .836
Roosevelt and Nobel Prize.390
Rosenwald Y. M. C. A.
Gifts 173
Rosin, Trade in 84
Rostand, Edmond. Death.. 628
Roumania 780
Roumanian Celebration 671
Roumanian Peace Treaty. .475
Roumanians in U. S 110
Rowing 260
Royal Arcanum 198
Royal Arch Masons 197
Royal Houses Deposed 331
Royal League 199
Royal Select Masters 197
Rubber. Trade in 84
Running Records 252
Rural Population 108, 114
Russia 780
Russia, Developments in . .462
Russia, Intervention in. ...466
Russia, Military Situation,
Map 623
Russia, Revolution in 601
Russia, Sisson Report on. . 473
Russia, Western, Map 621
Russian Calendar 16
Russian Pe'ace Negotia-
tions 462
Russians in U. S 110
Russo-German Agreement. .360
Russo-Japanese Treaty 359
Russo-Japanese War 170
Rye Crop by States 79
Rye Crop. World 75
Rye Crop by Years 76
Ryerson Library 923
St. George, Daughters of. 200
St. George, Order of 199
St. Ignatius Col. Library. ..923
St. Mihiel, Battle of.. 563, 615
Sabotage Act 373
Sage Foundation 764
Sailors' Civil Relief 376
Salaries, City Employes 889
Salaries, Cook County 878
Salaries of Presidents 763
Salaries, Teachers, Chicago. 902
Salt, Production of 69
Salvador 783
Salvation Army 190
Samoa 785
Sanitary District, Chicago. 857
Saturn. Planet 30
Sault Ste. Marie Traffic ... 98
Savings Banks, Foreign. . .135
Savings Banks Statistics . . 133
Schleswig-Holstein 527
School Census, Chicago. ..928
School Finances. Chicago.. 905
School Salaries, Chicago. .902
School Statistics, Chicago. 902
School Statistics. Illinois. . 955
School Supts., Illinois 869
Schoolhouses in U. S 96
Schools of Chicago 899
Schools, Elementary, City. 97
Schools, Public, in U. S... 96
Schools. Supt.. County 873
Science Church 189
Sciences, Academy of 934
Scotch in U. S 110
Scottish Rite Masons 197
"Scrap of Paper" Incident. 701
Seaplane, Largest 559
Seaports, Dist. Between... 68
Seaports. Principal 140
Seas, Area. Depth 66
Seasons, The 15
Secret Societies 197
Secretaries, War, A d d i-
tional 376
Security League 207
Senator. Vote by Precincts. 809
Senatorial Committeemen . 806
Senatorial Dists.. Cook Co. 853
Senatorial Dists., Illinois..-
854. 855
Senators, U. S 233,237
Seauoia Park 61
Serbia 780
Serbia. Ultimatum to 58(5
Service Chevrons 509
Sex, Population by 105
Sheep, by States 77
Sheep in U. S 82
Sheridan Park 917
Sheriff's Office 873
Sheriffs. Cook Co 953
Sheriffs, Illinois 869
Sheriffs, Vote for 795
Sherman Antitrust Law... 67
Sherman Park 915
Shiloh Battle Field 61
Shipbuilding Records 548
Shipbuilding Statistics 139
Ship Canals 98
Ships. Dutch, Reaiiisi-
tioned 419
Ships, German, in U. S.
Navy 491
Ships. Torpedoed. List .... 544
Ships of World 162
Shipping Data 50
Shipping. Disasters to 140
Shipwrecks 787
Shooting- 268,270
Shot. First Fired by Am... 360
Shotguns in War 647
Siam 782
Siberia. Am. Exped. to 468
Sidereal Noon 27
Silver Coinage Act 366
Silver Coinage by Nations. 130
Silver Coinage, World 132
Silver, Commercial Ratio.. 133
Silver Imports, Exports. .. 155
Silver, Price of Bar 132
Silver, Price of Bullion. . .132
Silver Production, U. S
130, 131
Silver Production, World . .130
Sj\ver. Stocks of 132
Sirius, Great Sun 16
Sisson Report on Russia. ..473
Sixtus, Prince, Letter 442
Skat 258
Skating 267
Ski Jumping 274
Slavic Legion Act 398
Smelters, Accidents in 143
Smithsonian Institution. . . 138
Smoke Inspection Dept 888
Social Service. Cook Co 873
Socialist Nat'l Com 279
Soc.-Lab. Nat'l Com 279
Social Settlements 832
Socialist Labor Platform. .219
Socialist Leaders Indicted . 538
Socialist Platform (1916). 219
Socialist Platform (St.
Louis) 747
Societies, Catholic 186
Societies, Fraternal 197
Societies, General 182
Societies, Learned. Chic'go.882
Societies, Learned, U. S.. .181
Societies, Patriotic 203
Societies, State, in Chi-
cago 946
Society War of 1812 207
Soldier Pardoned by Wil-
son 659
Soldiers, Alien, Naturaliza-
tion 382
Soldiers, Chicago, Killed... 836
Soldiers' Civil Relief 376
Soldiers, Employment for. 698
Soldiers, Farms for 696
Soldiers' Homes 768
Soldiers by States 507
Sons of America, Order... 200
Sons of Am. Revolution.. .206
Sons of Revolution 206
Sons of Veterans 204
Sorghum Produced 81
South Carolina State Offi-
cers 315
South Carolina, Vote of. ..315
South Dakota State Offi-
cers 316
South Dakota. Vote of 315
Soviet-Wilson Messages 465
Spain 780
Spanish-American War 170
Spanish-American War. Or-
der 205
Spanish Influenza 745
Spanish War Pensions 390
Spanish War Veterans 204
Spaniards in U. S 110
Speakers of House 212
Specific Gravity Table 37
Speed, Railroad Train 39 '
Spheres of Influence 355
Sporting Records Begin.... 245
Spring Begins 15
Staff. Army. General 504
Standard Time 758
Stanford Park 917
Star, Dog 16
Star. New Eagle 33
Stars. The Brightest 28
Stars. Morning. Evening... 26
Stars, Number of 493
State Associations, Chi 912
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
11
State Central Committees . .858
State Department 225
State Flowers 63
State Mottoes 63
State Nicknames od
State Prisons 1^»
State School Systems 96
State, Secretaries of.. 210
State Societies in Chicago.946
Statements, Unlawful 386
States, Area of....... 11»
State's Attorney's Office... 87 £
State's Attorneys, Chicago.914
State's Attorneys, Vote f or.795
States, Capitals, Etc 771
States, Facts About. ... ...212
States. Highest Points in.. 66
States, New, Map 5.31
States, New Russian. .. .. .526
States Past Politics of 223
States! Population (1918) 99
States, Population, Each
Census •: J«"
States, Public Properties . .763
States, Bank by Crops »i
Statistics. Bureau of 887
Statues in Chicago.. .... ..956
Steamship Disasters. Great.748
Steamships, Great Ocean.. 169
Steel Corp. Finances.. 753
Steel, Crude. Production. ..184
Steel Bails, Production.. . .232
Stockyards, Chicago. . . . . . .996
Stokes. Bose Pastor, Case . 538
Storms and Floods 78S
Story of War. »86
Street Grades, Chicago .... |M
Street Lighting. Chicago.. 946
Street Number Guide 914
Street By. Chronology 933
Street Bailway Earnings. . 952
Streets. Bureau of »»o
Students in Colleges 90
Submarine Warfare 543
Suffrage, Qualifications ...214
Suffrage States 726
Suffrage, Woman • ••.•••: ••Zsjj
Suffrage. Woman. Illinois. 926
Sugar, Beet, Production... 77
Sugar Crop, World..... 76
Sugar Industry, American-
ized • 3/GO
Sugar, Louisiana Cane.... 77
Sugar. Trade in. 83
Sully's Hill Park 61
Summer Begins... lo
Sun, Annular Eclipse 31
Sun, Facts About...... 31
Sunday School Statistics. .196
Sunday School Union, Am.190
Superior Court 874
Supplies. Dept. of ........ .88 /
Supreme Court, Illinois 86
Supreme Court. U. S 229
Supreme War Council 479
Surrender Conditions 456
Surrender Dates in War... 327
Surrender German Navy.. 583
Surrender, Wilson Calls
for *54
Surveyor, Cook Co. . . . 873
Swedenborgian Church 190
Swedes in U. S 110
Swimming *7O
Swine in U. S 82
Swiss in U. S 110
Switzerland 780
Tampa, Loss of the 547
Tanks, American 562
Tariff Acts 49
Tariff Commission, U. S..816
Tariff Bates, U. S 45
Tax Bates 920
Taxes, Estate 737
Taxes, Bailroad 147
Taxes. Stamp 735.736
Taxes, War 727
Taxes, War Beceipts lt>6
Taxes, Wilson to Congress
on 407
Taxicab Fares 827
Tea Consumed 88
Tea, Trade in 84
Teachers, Public School... 96
Teachers, Societies of 986
Telegraph Control by Gov-
ernment 390,535
Telegraph Statistics 138
Telegraphs of Nations 146
Telephone Control by Govt.t>35
Telephone Girls, American
in France 689
Telephone Statistics 149
Telescopes, Largest 170
Tennessee State Officers. . .317
Tennessee, Vote of 31
Tennis 255
Terms of Officials 898
Texas State Officers 319
Texas, Vote of 317
Thanksgiving Day 744
Theater Fires 222
Theaters. Chicago 930
Theological Schools 97
Thermometers Compared.. 39
Ticonderoga, Loss of 647
Time, Eras of 15
Time Zones. New 758
Tires. Width Bequired. .. .907
Titles, Abbreviations 44
Titles. Registrar of 872
Tobacco Crop by States... 80
Tobacco Crop. World 76
Tobacco Crop by Years... 76
Tobacco. Unmanufactured.
Trade in 83
Tongues, Mother. Popula-
tion J--JJI
Tonnage in Foreign Trade. 155
Tonnage Sunk by Sub-
marines 644
Tonnage, U. S. Merchant
Marine • .139
Tonnage, World's (1918) .549
Town Officers. Cook Co 876
Traction Engineers 886
Traction Ordinance, Chi-
cago Vote 807
Trade Associations. Export.36!
Trade, Board of, Chicago.. 938
Trade Department, 111 866
Trade League After War. 424
Trade-Marks, U. S 55
Trade, War, Board 652
Traffic Division 573
Training in France 560
Transportation Develop-
ment ._... .162
Transportation Ship Work-
ers 374
Trap Shooting 26
Treason Case, Bolo Pasha. 477
Treason Case. Caillaux 476
Treason Cases 476
Treasurer. Cook Co 87
Treasurers. City 974
Treasurers. 111. County 869
Treasury Department 2.25
Treasury, Secretaries of... 210
Treaties, Secret, Disclosed. 352
Trolley Lines, Interurban . 87
Troop Shipments 574
Troops in U. S. Wars 706
Trotting Becords 251
Tunis 782
Tunnels in Chicago 833
Tunnels. Railway, Long ... 3'
Turkey 781
Turkey, Division of 354
Turkey, Surrender of. 609, 611
Turkish Armistice 456
Turkish-Balkan War 170
Turkish-Italian War 170
Turks in U. S 110
Turpentine. Trade in 84
Tuscania, Loss of 546
U
U Boat Commanders' Fate.543
Ukrainia . •. 525
Ukraine-Germany Treaty.. 525
Underwood-Simmons Tariff 49
Underwriters' Library 924
Union Park 917
Union of South Africa.. ..777
Union Station, New. 912
Unitarian Denomination . . .189
United States and Argen-
tina 143
United States Enters War . 599
United States Population. 99
United States. Progress of . 279
U. S. Reasons for Enter-
ing War 648
United States Steel Fi-
nances 753
United States War Trade
Board 652
United States Wars. Troops
\i 706
United States Wealth 56
Universal Military Train-
ing League 208
Universities, American 90
Universities, Foreign 98
Urban Population 108.114
Uruguay 783
Utah. State Officers 319
Utah. Vote of 319
V
Valuation, Chicago 920
Valuation. States 768'
Venezuela 783
Venus. Phases of 29
Vermont State Officers 319
Vermont. Vote of 319
Versailles War Council . . .480
Vessels, Requisitioning 387
Vesle, Battle of 578
Veterinary Schools 97
Vicksburg Battle Field 61
Virginia Library 923
Virginia State Officers. .. .320
Virginia. Vote of 319
Visibility Objects on Lakes.968
Vocational Rehabilitation . 388
Vocational Training- Board.724
Volunteers of America. . ..191
Von Eichhorn Killed 468
Von Jagrow to Lichnowsky.348
Von Bintelen Case t..637
Vote. Electoral 222
Vote, Legislative. Illinois. 707
Vote. Popular. Illinois. .. .793
Vote for President (1916). 28O
Vote, Presidential 209
Vote, Presidential, Chi-
cago 795
Vote, Presidential, Cook
County 79
Voting Age. Men of 106
Voting Law. British 232
Voting Qualifications 214
Voyages, Atlantic, Fastest. 113
w
Wag-es of Farm Labor 88
Wages, R. R., Increased. .415
Wages, Tables of 41
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
War. The Great 327
Abdication, Charles I 659
Abdication. Emperor Wil-
liam 626
Air Service. Baker on 551
Aircraft Production 396
Aircraft Production In-
quiry 553
Airplanes. Pershing Re-
port 562
Allied War Councils 479
American C9-Operation . . .481
American First Army 497
Americans. Tributes to... 617
Anarchists Excluded 493
Appropriations by Con-
gress 398
Argronne Forest. Battle... 616
Armistice, Negotiations
for 619
Armistice Terms 456
Armistice Terms Drafted. 620
Army General Staff 504
Army. Growth of... 506
Army Health and Morale . 694
Army Organization 515
Army Pay Table 511
Army. United States.... 496
Artillery. American 562
Assassinations in Russia. 468
Austria, Collapse of . ... ... 611
Austria, War Proclama-
tion 327
Austrian Armistice 457
Austrian Offensive (1918) .607
Aviation in the War 660
Aviators Killed 557
Aviators, Private, Con-
trol 676
Baker, Sec'y. in Europe. 516
Bantheville. Battle of 580
Battle Names for Ban-
ners 329
Battles, American, Chro-
nology 578
Battles, Dates of 646
Belgium, Americans in... 566
Belgium, Liberated 674
Belleau Wood. Battle of.. 568
Bernstorff Dismissed 598
Bernstorff Propaganda 673
Bois des Loges, Battle 579
Bois des Rappes, Battle of .580
Bolshevism in Russia 469
Bombing Crews, Train-
ing 677
Bouresches, Battle 569
Brest-Litovsk Treaty 464
Britain's Part in War.... 660
British War Councils 479
Bruges Taken 617
Bulgaria Enters War 592
Bulgaria, Surrender of... 609
Bulgarian Armistice 456
Bullard. R. L., Sketch... 652
Calls for German Surren-
der 454
Canada's Effort in War... 663
Cantigny, Battle of 562
Cargo Ships Taken Over. 573
Casualties 329
Causes of War 586
Cavell, Edith, Execution . 703
Celebrations. Peace 624
Charles I., Abdication.... 659
Chateau Thierry, Battle.. 663
Chatel Chehery, Battle of . 579
Chevrons. Wound, Serv-
ice 509
Chicago's War Effort 705
Chipilly Ridge. Battle 614
Christmas Packages 674
Chronology. General 629
Civil Relief Act 376
Coal Controversy 410
Commendations by Per-
sian? 567
Congratulations, Interna-
tional 483
Congress. War Legislation.361
Construction Contracts . . .574
Cost of War 332
Crown Prince on War 627
Czar, Former, Assassinat-
ed 469
Czechp-Slovak Republic. .520
Czernin. Count, on War. .628
Dardanelles, Battle 582
Dardanelles Campaign.... 591
Dead, Noted 331
Debts of Belligerents 334
Declaration of London. ...631
Declarations of War 327
Defense Council Report. .558
Deportations 696
Diplomatic Relations Sev-
ered 327
Draft Age Changed 390
Dumba Recalled 594
Dutch Ships Requisitioned.419
Dynasties Ended 331
Ebert, Friedrich 653
Egypt Taken by Britain. .589
Embarkation Ports 574
Employment for Soldiers . 698
Espionage Act 385
Espionage Cases 537
Exermont, Battle of 579
Export Trade Association.369
Falkland Islands Battle.. 589
Farms for Soldiers 696
Ferdinand, King, Abdi-
cates 609
Ferdinand, Murder of.... 586
Fight or Work Order 680
Finance Corporation 362
First Am. Casualties 331
Fismes, Battle of 578
Fismette. Battle of 579
Fleet, German, Surrender.583
Fleville. Battle of 579
Fourth of July 707
Fourth of July Messages. 709
Fryatt Execution 704
Fuelless Days 410
German Austria 625
Germany, Revolution in. .633
Gillespie Shell Plant Ex-
plosion 426
Guatemala vs. Germany. 328
Haiti vs. Germany 329
Heatless Days 410
Hindenburg Line Broken. 618
Historical Branch of Staff .576
Honduras vs. Germany. ..329
Hospital Ships Torpedoed . 608
Hospitals, Reconstruction. 514
Housing Law 381
Imports. Restriction 678
Indemnities Claimed 669
Independence Day 707
Insignia, Army, Navy 508
Insurance 391
Insurance Table 517
Intelligence Tests 681
Ireland. Revolt in. . ......596
Italia Irredenta 672
Italy Enters War ...591
Italy's Victory 612
Italy's Welcome to Amer-
icans 675
Japan in the War 588
Jerusalem Captured 601
Jugo Slav Nation 524
Juvigny. Battle of 615
Killed in War 320
Kitchener, Death of 595
Kut-el-Amara Revplt 596
Labor Administration 416
Lafayette Squadron 550
La Fere. Capture of 617
Lenin. Attempts to Kill.. 468
Liberty Engine. Details.. .688
Liberty Loans 333
Lichnowsky M e m o r a n-
dum 337
Liggett. H., Sketch 652
Lithuania 527
Lloyd George Demands
Justice 672
Loans to Allies 333
Loans, Greatest. War 676
London Celebration 622
Lusitania, Sinking of 593
Luxemburg Liberated 657
Luxburg1 Telegrams 528
March. Gen., Honored 690
March, Gen.. Report of.. 571
March 21 Offensive 604
Marine Corps, Battles of. 568
Marne. First Battle of... 587
Massacres by Turks 592
Medals, Decorations, Law .397
Meuse-Argonne Offensive. 564
Mid -European Union 523
Military Intelligence Di-
vision 576
Military Service Treaties . 692
M i r b a ch. Ambassador.
Killed 468
Moldavia, Loss of 547
Monarchs Deposed 331
Monument to First Amer-
ican Dead 619
Mowrer, P. S., Review of
German Attack 605
Muehlon's Disclosures. . . .347
Munitions Plant Plot 530
Nations Involved 327
Naval Events 580
Naval Supremacy. Brit-
ish 670
Naval Vessels Lost 335
Navy, Officers of 491
Navy Pay Table 512
Navy, Ships of 486
Navy, Work of 490
Nicaragua vs. Germany.. 329
Nicholas II. Killed 469
"No Peace by Compro-
mise" Speech 448
Occupation, Army of 657
Operations of A. E. F....660
Operations Division 573
Organization. War, in
Washington 584
Ostend Blocked 581,582
Ostend Taken 617
Otranto. Loss of 547
Palestine, Battles in 609
Panama vs. Austria 328.
Paris Celebration 622
Part Played by Americans.618
Peace Delegates, American. 666
Peace Notes 452
Peace Speeches 427
Pershing Report 560
P e r s h ing Anniversary
Messages 482
Plots in United States 537
Poland 524
Potsdam Conference 682
Prinzip, Gavrilo, Death.. 426
Prisoners. Treatment 647
Profiteering, Report on. ..683
Promotion by Selection.. .571
Purchase Division 575
Railroad Operation Law . 370
Railroads Taken Over — 412
Red Cross Commended. . .562
Red Cross Medals 676
Red Cross Work 477
Refuses German Armistice
Proposal 453
Registration, Men of 21.. 385
Review of the War from
Start 586
Revolution in Germany. ..633
Revolution in Russia 601
Rhine Crossed 658
Roumanian Celebration. .671
Roumanian Peace
Treaty 47o
Russia. Intervention in. ..466
Russia. Revolution in 601
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
13
Russian Peace Negotia-
tions 462
Sabotage Act 375
Sailors, Civil Relief 376
St. Mihiel, Battle of .563. 615
St. Mihiel. Marines at... 670
St. Quentin, Battle 565
"Scrap of Paper" Inci-
dent 701
Serbia. Ultimatum to.... 586
Shipbuilding Records 548
Ships. German, in U. S.
Navy 491
Ships Torpedoed, List... 544
Shot, First Am. Fired.. 360
Shotguns, Use of 647
Siberia, Expedition to... 468
Sixtus. Prince, Letter 442
Socialists Indicted 538
Soissons, Battle of 578
Soldier Pardoned 659
Soldiers, Civil Relief.... 376
Somme. Battle of 595
Story of the War 686
Strength. A. E. F 567
Submarine Policy 593
Submarine Warfare 543
Supply Service .561
Surrender Conditions ... .456
Surrender Dates 327
Tanks, American 562
Telegraph Control Act. ..390
Telegraphs Taken by
• Government 535
Telephone Girls 689
Ticonderoga, Loss of.... 547
Tonnage Sunk by Sub-
marines 544
Trade League After War .424
Trade, War, Board 652
Traffic Division 573
Training1 in France 560
Treason Cases 476
Treaties, 'Secret 352
Troop Shipments 574
Turkey, Surrender of 609
Turkish Armistice 456
Tuscania, Loss of 546
"U" Boat Commanders'
Fate 543
Ukraine Treaty 525
U. S. Enters War 599
U. S. Reasons for Enter-
ing- War 648
Versailles War Council. .480
Vesle, Battle of 578
Vocational Rehabilitation.388
Von Eichhorn Killed. .. .468
Von Jagow to Lich-
nowsky 348
War Plans Division 576
Welfare of Troops 562
William II., Abdication . 626
William II.. B.oasts of.. 627
Woman Alien Enemies. .374
W o o d w a r k, G. G.,
Speech 660
T. W. C. A. War Work... 679
Zeebrugge Blocked 580
Zimmermann and Lux-
burg 600
War Appropriations 398
War Council Results 480
War Department 225
War Finance Corporation. 362
War Material, Destruction.373
War Material, Sale 387
War Organization, Chi 860
War Organizations, 111 860
War Organizations, Wash-
ington 584
War Plans Division 576
War Prisoners, Ass'n 205
War Risk Law Amended.. 391
War, Secretaries of 210
War Tax Receipts 166
War Trade Board 652
Ward Boundaries 908, 909
Wards and Aldermen, Chi . 996
Wars, Recent, Chronology .170
Wars, Other, Cost of 332
Warship, Cost of Main-
taining 763
Warships, U. S 486
Washington Park 915
Washington State Offlcers.321
Washington, Vote of 321
Washington's Farewell Ad-
dress 712
Water. Bureau of 886
Waterfalls, Famous 89
Waterworks System, Chi. ..932.
Wealth, National, U. S 56
Weather, Chicago 962
Weather Signals 38
Wedding Anniversaries 39
Weights and Measures'.... 34
Weights, Bushel 37
Weights, Illinois 834
Weights, Measures, Dept..888
Weights, Normal 40
Welfare of Troops 562
Welsh in U. S 110
Western Engineers' Lib.... 923
Western Front Nov. 11... 585
West Point Academy 495
West Virginia State Of-
ficers 321
West Virginia, Vote of... 321
Wheat Crop by States 78
Wheat Crop. World 74
Wheat Harvest Calendar.. 82
Wheat, Price Fixed 786
Wheat Prices, Chicago 994
Wheat. Trade in 83
Wheatless Days 403
Why U. S. Entered War... 648
Wicker Park 917
William II., Abdication.. .626
William II., Boasts of.... 626
Wilson Notes and Speeches :
Announces Armistice Terms
to Congress 458
Appeal for Woman Suf-
frage 725
Baltimore Speech 403
Chamberlain Controversy .400
Congratulatory Messages . 483
Food Proclamation 401
"Fourteen Points" Speech.429
German Armistice 458
Intervention in Russia . . .467
Labor Day Message 409
Liberty Day Proclama-
tion 405
Message to Congress 721
Message to Farmers 403
Message to Foreign Born. 409
Message to Soviet 465
Mob Violence Statement. .713
Mount Vernon Address. .408
Plea for Woman Suffrage.725
Railroads Under Govern-
ment Control 414
Red Cross Speech 405
Refers Germany to Foch.455
Refuses Armistice to Aus-
tria 455
Reply to Austrian Peace
Note 447
Reply to Chamberlain 400
Reply to German Peace
Note 452
Reply to Hertling and
Czernin 436
Reply to Poincare 668
Reply to Socialists 668
Speech to Mexican Editors.714
Speeches at "Paris City
Hall 670
Status, of Slesvigers 627
Taxes. New, Asked 407
Thanksgiving Day Procla-
mation 744
Trip to France 667
Wilson Asks for Demo-
cratic Congress 325
Wilson - Chamberlain D i s-
pute 400
Wilson and Peace Con-
ference 666
Wilson, Pres., in Europe. 667
Wilson Tariff... 49
Wind Barometer, Lakes... 774
Wind Cave Park 61
Wines Consumed in U. S.. 89
Winter Begins 15
Wireless Tel. Statistics. .. .138
Wisconsin State Officers... 323
Wisconsin, Vote of 322
Woman Alien Enemies 374
Woman Alien Enemy Law. 374
Woman Suffrage 725
Woman's Party Platform. 2 19
Woman's Relief Corps 204
Women of Voting Age. ...107
Wood, J. B., Review by.. 618
Wood Pulp. Trade in 84
Woodmen, Modern 198
Woodmen of the World . . . 198
Woodwark, G. G., Speech.660
Wool by States 77
Wool, Trade in 84
Work or Fight Order 680
Workers, Gainful 760
Workmen's Compensation
Commission 746
Workmen, United. Order... 199
World, Fast Trips Around. 43
World, Money of 131
World. Population of 115
World Trips. Fastest 4:
Wound Chevrons 509
Wreck of City of Athens.. 138
Wrecks. Great Steamship. .748
Wrecks. Ship. 1918 787
Wrecks, Shipping 140
Wrestling 260
Wyoming State Officers... 323
Wyoming, Vote of 323
Yachting 266
Yale-Harvard Races 262
Yellowstone Park 61
Y. M. C. A.. The 190
Y. M. C. A. War Expen-
ditures 479
Y. M. C. A. War Work... 190
Yosemite Park 61
Yukon-Tanana Gold Region 23
Y. W. C. A. War Work. . . 679
Zeebrugge, Blocking of.... 580
Zimmermann and Lux-
burg 600
Zionist Movement 338
Zodiac. Sign of 32
Zoological Gardens 7D5
Zoological Park 61
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Advertising, Outdoor: Thomas Cusack Co.
Opposite Back Cover
Albaug-h-Dover Co ; 995
Arnold Company, The 991
Baker, Alfred L., & Co 957
Bank: DeS Plaines State 959
Banking-: George H. Burr & Co 957
Banking: The Corn Exchange National
Bank Inside Back Cover
Banking: Central Trust Company of Illi-
nois Inside Back Fly Leaf
Banking: The Merchants Loan and Trust
Co Outside Back Cover
Barnhart Brothers & Spindler 999
Baseball Park: Comiskey 997
Becker. A, G., & Co 969
Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co 985
Bingham's Son, Sam'l, Mfg. Co 965
Blatchford. E. W.. Co 967
Burr, George H., & Co 957
Castings: The National Malleable Castings
Company 969
Castings, light gray: Western Foundry,
The 969
Central Trust Company of ' Illinois
Inside Back Fly Leaf
Chicago Elevated Railroads 987, 988
Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee K. R. 989
Chicago Surface Lines 975-979
Chicago Telephone Co 970-973
Clement. Curtis & Co 957
Coal : Waller Coal Company 985
Comiskey Baseball Park 997
Commercial Paper: A. G. Becker & Co.... 959
Commercial Paper: Geo. H. Burr & Co 957
Commonwealth Edison Co 999
Corn Exchange National Bank
Inside Back Cover
Cusack, Thos., Company. .Opposite Back Cover
Des Plaines State Bank 959
Eckhart. B. A., Milling Co 983
Eclipse Printing Company 991
Electrical Specialties: Benjamin Electric
Mfg. Co 985
Electrical Supplies: Commonwealth Edison
Company • 9
Elevated Railroads, Chicago 987.988
Elmes. Charles F., Engineering Works 9
Engineering : Charles F. Elmes 983
Engineering : The Arnold Co 991
Engraving: Marshall- Jackson Co 1024
Foundry: The Western Foundry Co 969
Gear Cutters : Albaugh-Dover Co 995
Heating: Phillips-Getschow Co 995
Illinois Life Insurance Co.. Opposite Front Cover
Insurance: Illinois Life Insurance Company
T • • Opposite Front Cover
Insurance: Marsh & McLennan
T • : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inside Front Cover
Jelke, John F., Company 961
Marsh & McLennan Inside Front Cover
Marshall-Jackson Company 1024
Merchandise, General: Samuel Phillipson &
Co 985
Merchants Loan and Trust Company
Outside Back Cover
Metals : Miami Metals Co 963
Metals, Stereotype, Etc. : E. W. Blatch-
ford Company 967
Miami Metals Co 963
Milling: B. A. Eckhart Milling Co 983
Milwaukee Electric R. R 989
National Malleable Castings Company 969
Oleomargarine: John F. Jelke Co 961
Phillips-Getschow Co 995
Printers' Rollers: Sam'l Bingham's, Son
Mfg. Co 965
Printing : Eclipse Printing Co 991
Printing: Regan Printing House 981
Publicity: Thos. Cusack Co
Opposite Back Cover
Regan Printing House 981
Registering of Titles: Torrens System.
Etc 992.993
Russell, Brewster & Co 959
Samuel Phillipson & Co 995
Separators : Albaugh -Dover Co 995
Sharp & Smith 985
Stationery and Printing: Marshall-Jackson
Company 1024
Stocks and Bonds: Clement, Curtis & Co... 957
Stocks and Bonds: Russell. Brewster & Co. 959
Stocks, Bonds, Grain: Alfred L. Baker &
Co 957
Street Railways: Chicago Surface Lines. 975-979
Surgical Instruments: Sharp & Smith 985
Swinehart Tire and Rubber Co 981
Telephone Service: Chicago Telephone
Company 970-973
Tires and Rubber: Swinehart Tire and
Rubber Company 9
Torrens System 992, 9t
Tractors : Albaugh-Dover Co 995
Type: Barnhart Brothers & Spindler 990
Waller Coal Co 985
Western Foundry Company, The 969
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK
FOR 1919
Astronomical calculations prepared by B. Hart Wright, DeLand, Fla.
All the calculations in this Almanac and
Year-Book are based upon mean or clock time
unless otherwise stated. The sun's rising1 and
setting1 are for the upper limb, corrected for
"parallax and refraction." The figures given
are for the moon's center on a true horizon
such as the ocean affords.
The calculations in each of the geographical
divisions of each calendar page will apply with
sufficient accuracy to all places in contiguous
zones indicated by the heading of the divisions.
Daylight Saving1 — In all cases where the
standard time of an event is given or obtained,
advance such one hour in April, May, June,
July, August, September and October to con-
vert into the "daylight saving summer time."
BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF SEASONS.
Sun enters : Constel-
Sign.Long. lation. Date.
* 270° *
T 0° K
® 90° K
» 180° HP
* 270°
Eastern Central
time. time. D. H.
Dec. 22.. 10:42 a.m. 9:42 a.m. 1918 Winter begins and lasts 89 0
Mar. 21.. 11:19 a.m. 10:19 a.m. 1919 Spring begins and lasts 92 19
June 22.. 6:54 a.m. 5:54 a.m. 1919 Summer begins and lasts 93 14
Sept.23.. 9:36p.m. 8:36p.m. 1919 Autumn begins and lasts 89 18
Dec. 22.. 4:27 p.m. 3:27 p.m. 1919 Winter begins. Tropical year . 365 5
M.
37
35
42
51
IB
ERAS OF TIME.
The Gregorian year 1919 corresponds to the
following1 eras:
The latter part of the 143d and the begin-
ning of the 144th year of the independence of
the United States.
The year 1337-38 of the Mohammedan era:
the year 1338 begins Sept. 25.
The year 4616 nearly of the Chinese era, be-
ginning now, Jan. 1.
The year 2231 of the Grecian era.
The year 5679-80 of the Jewish era: the
year 5680 begins at sunset Sept. 24.
The year 7427-28 of the Byzantine era.
The year 2579 of the Japanese era.
The year 6632 of the Julian period, and Jan.
1 is the 2,421,960th day since the beginning1 of
the Julian period.
The year 8028 of the Greek church, begin-
ning1 Jan. 14.
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
Dominical or Sunday letter E
Epact of moon's age, Jan. 1 29
Lunar cycle or g-olden number 1
Solar cycle 24
Roman infliction 2
Dionysian period 248
Jewish lunar cycle 17
Julian period 6632
CHURCH CALENDAR FOR 1919.
Jan. 1— New Year's day (Cir-
cumcision) .
Jan. 6 — Epiphany (12th day).
Jan. 14 — Greek Church New
Year's day.
Jan. 25 — Conversion of St.
Paul.
Feb. 2— Purification B. V. M.
Feb. 16 — Septuagesima Sunday.
Feb. 23 — Sexagesima Sunday.
March 2 — Quinquagesima Sun-
day.
Mar«h 4 — Shrove Tuesday.
March 5 — Ash Wednesday (Lent
begins) .
March 9 — Quadragesima Sun-
March 17— St. Patrick's day.
March 25 — Annunciation (Lady
day).
March 30 — Mid-Lent Sunday.
April 13— Palm Sunday.
April 18— Good Friday.
April 20 — Easter Sunday.
April 23— St. George.
April ^5— St. Mark
April 27 — Low Sunday.
May 1 — Philip and James.
May 25 — Rogation Sunday.
May 29 — Ascension (Holy
Thursday).
June 8 — Pentecost (Whitsun-
day).
June 15 — Trinity Sunday.
June 19 — Corpus Christi.
June 24 — Nativity of John the
Baptist.
June 29 — Peter and Paul.
July 15— St. Swithin's day.
July 22 — Mary Magdalen.
July 25 — St. James.
Aug. 6 — Transfiguration.
Aug. 7 — Name of Jesus.
Aug. 15 — Feast of Assumption
B. V. M.
Aug. 24 — St. Bartholomew.
Aug. 29— St. John the Baptist.
Sept. 8 — Nativity of Mary.
Sept. 14 — Exaltation of Holy
Cross.
Sept. 21— St. Matthew.
Sept. 25 — Jewish New Year's
day.
Sept. 29— Michaelmas.
Oct. 18— St. Luke.
Oct. 28— Simon and Jude.
Oct. 31— Halloween.
Nov. 1— All Saints' day.
Nov. 2— All Souls' day.
Nov. 11 — Martinmas.
Nov. 27 — Thanksgiving1 day.
Nov. 30— St. Andrew.
Nov. 30 — 1st Sunday in Advent.-
Dec. 8— Conception B. V. M.
Dec. 21— St. Thomas.
Dec. 25 — Christmas.
Dec. 26 — St. Stephen.
Dec. 27— St. John the Evangel-
ist.
Dec. 28 — Holy Innocents.
Wednesday,
Friday
and
Saturday
EMBER DAYS.
{1st Sunday in Lent March 12. 14 and 15
Pentecost.. ., June 11, 13 and 14
Sept. 14....' Sept. 17, 19 and 20
Dec. 13 Dec. 17. 19 and 20
15 ,
16
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
JEWISH OB HEBREW CALENDAR, YEAR 5679-80 A. M.
The year 6679 is the 17th of the 299th cycle of. 19 years.
Month \
Fast or Festival. Gregorian date
. Rosh-Chodesh Thursday, Jan. 2.
, Rosh-Chodesh Friday -Saturday, Jan. 31-Feb. 1,
, Rosh-Chodesh Sunday-Monday. March 2-3,
• Fast of Esther » Saturday, March 15,
.Purim Sunday -Monday, March 16-17,
.Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday. April 1,
, 1st Day of Passover Tuesday, April 15,
1... Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday -Thursday. April 30-May 1.
Sunday, May 18,
..33d Day of Omer Sunday, May 18.
,. Rosh-Chodesh ; Friday. May 30.
..1st Day of Pentecost Wednesday. June 4,
. Rosh-Chodesh Saturday-Sunday, June 28-29,
.Fast of Tammuz Tuesday, July 15,
. Rosh-Chodesh Monday, July 28,
.Fast of Av Tuesday, Aug. 5,
, Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday -Wednesday, Aug. 26-27,
. 1st Day of New Year Thursday. Sept. 25
.Fast of Gedaliah tSaturday. Sept. 27,
,.10...Yom-Kippur Saturday. Oct. 4.
. .15... 1st Day of Tabernacle Thursday, Oct. 9.
..21... Hoshannah-Rabbah Wednesday, Oct. 15,
. .22. . . Sh'Mini Atseres Thursday. Oct. 16.
..23...Simchas-Torah Friday. Oct. 17.
1. . . Rosh-Chodesh Friday-Saturday. Oct. 24-25,
. Rosh-Chodesh Sunday. Nov. 23.
. 1st Day of Chanukah Wednesday. Dec 17.
. Rosh-Chodesh Monday-Tuesday. Dec. 22-23.
Year.
5679.
5679.
5679
No.
.. 6..
..6..
7
Name.
. Sh'vat
. Adar . . . .
2d Adar
Day.
1...
1...
5679.
.. 7..
. 2d Adar —
13...
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679.
5679
.. 7..
.. 8..
.. 8..
.. 9..
.. 9..
.. 9..
..10..
..10..
11..
.2d Adar. ..
. Nissan
.Nissan ....
. lyar
.lyar
. lyar
. Sivan ....
. Sivan ....
..14-15...
1...
16...
1...
18...
18...
1...
6...
5679.
..11..
. Tammuz . .
17...
5679.
5679.
5679.
5680.
5680.
5680.
..12..
..12..
..13..
.. 1..
.. 1..
.. 1..
.Av
.Av
.Ellul ,
.Tishri
.Tishri
.Tishri
'.'. 9'.','.
1...
'.'.'.'.'. 3'.','
10...
5680.
.Tishri
15...
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
5680.
.'.' l!.'
'.'. 2!!
.. 3..
.. 3..
.. 4..
.. 4..
.. 5..
.Tishri
.Tishri
.Tishri
. Chesvan ..
. Kislev
.Kislev
.Tebet
.Tebet
.Sh'vat ....
21...
22...
23...
1...,
1...
25...
'.'.'.'.'.w'.'.'.
10... Fast of Tebet Thursday, Jan. 1.
... ._ 1... Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday, Jan. 21.
•Observed the Thursday previous; fobserved the following- day.
GREEK CHURCH OK RUSSIAN CALENDAR A. D. 1919— A. M. 8028.
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
1920
1920
New style. Holy days. Old style.
Jan. 7 Christmas Dec. 25, 1918
Jan. 14 Circumcision Jan. 1
Jan. 19 Epiphany ................ .Jan. 6
Feb. 15 Hypopante (Purification).. Feb. 2
Feb. 23 Carnival Sunday Feb. 10
March 5 Ash Wednesday Feb. 20
March 9 First Sunday in Lent Feb. 24
April 13 Palm Sunday March 31
April 18 Great (Good) Friday April 6
April 20 Holy Pasche (Easter) .....April 7
May 6 St. George .April 23
May 29 Ascension (Holy) Thursd y.May It
MOHAMMEDAN
The year 1337 is the
/ Month s
Year. No. Name. Begins.
1337.. 4..Rabia II Jan. 3...
5..Jomhadi I Feb. 1...
6. .Jomhadi II March 3.
a. >.)/.. 7..Rajeb April 1..
1337.. 8..Sheban May 1...
1337.. 9..Ramedan (Fasting) May 30..
1337..10..Schwall June 29.
New style. Holy days. Old style.
June 8 Pentecost May 26
June 12 Holy Ghost May 30
July 12 Peter and Paul. Chief
Apostles June 29
Aug. 19 Transfiguration Augr. 6
Aug-. 28 Repose of Theotokos Aug.. 15
Sept. 21 Nativity of Theotokos. .. .Sept. 8
Sept. 27 Exaltation of Theotokos.Sept. 14
Oct. 14 Patronag-e of Theotokos.. .Oct. 1
Nov. 28 1st Day of Nativity Nov. 16
Dec. 4 Entrance of Theotokos.. Nov. 21
Dec. 22 Conception of Theotokos. .Dec. 9
1337.
1337.
1337.
CALENDAR, YEAR 1337-38.
17th of the 45th cycle of 30 years.
, Month ,
Year. No. Name.
1337..11..Dul Kaeda
1337..12..Dul Heg-g-ia
1338.. l..Muharrem
1338.. 2..Saphar
1338.. 3..Rabia I
1338.. 4..Rabia II
1338.. 5. .Jomhadi I
Lasts
days.
29
30
29
....30
29
30
...29
Lasts
Bog-ins. days.
...July 28 30
..Aug-. 27 29
. .Sept. 25 30
..Oct. 25 29
..Nov. 23 3Q
. .Dec. 23 29
...Jan. 21.1920.30
THE GREAT SUN, SIRIUS, OR THE DOG STAR
Sinus, the greatest of the starry hosts, seven
times brig-hter than the brightest star of the
northern heavens, was credited by the ancients
with peculiar powers over nature. This belief
is supposed to owe its origin to the fact that
when he is the "bright and morning- star."
rising at early morning-, the great Nile river
of Africa mysteriously rises about twenty-five
feet, overflowing the vast desert regions ad-
jacent and thereby making them fertile with
the rich material brought from the luxuriant
tropical regions 2,000 miles above. Now Sirius
is twenty times greater than our sun, and
when he seemingly united his forces with those
of the sun, rising about the same time, came
also the hottest days of the year and the time
of greatest sickness in the northern hemi-
sphere. Hence the "dog days," or the forty
days from about July 3 to Aug-. 11. inclusive.
South of the equator, of coxirse. the seasons
being reversed, these days fall six months later
or earlier. Here we can see a reason for their
belief that mad dogs and all other hot weather
conditions were attributable to the malign in-
fluence of this king of suns, which we know
to be one million times more distant than our
sun and whose influence upon us or our planet
may well be compared to that of a pebble
when dropped into the ocean. Sirius may be
seen in the daylight by knowing just where
to leok. though so distant that a ray of his
light is eight years in reaching us. traveling
at the inconceivable speed of 186.000 miles in
one second of time. The vastness of this dis-
tance has been well illustrated by the rate of
motion of nerve sensation of the human body,
as follows: When the tip of a finger is in-
jured the news of such hurt must travel to
the brain and the order of withdrawal be sent
back to the finger point via the nerve route.
As brief as that interval is, had one an arm
long enough at infancy to reach out and touch
the burning gases that surround that and all
other suns and get the fingers burned, said
infant would be several centuries old before
the injured member could be withdrawn.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
17
?New Moon, 2, 31. lgt Month JANUARY
First Quar., 9th. lst MonU1< J API U /\K. I ,
31 Davs © Ful1 Moon' 16th-
31 Days, £ Last Quar., 23d.
St. Paul, Mich.,
2
as
3
H
MOON'S
Iowa, Neb., WTO.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
H
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~f.
PLACE
SUN AT
MOON
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Okla., Col., Utah,
S. D., Mont., N.
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(H
0
*
DAT
7 P.M.
Noov
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Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
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K. S. T.
MARK.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md., Del.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
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TLf Aan
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Moon
Moon
Moon
5}
3
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» . •
Mean
Time.
IAN.
Sun
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sets.
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Sun
rises.
Sun
sets.
rises
and
Sun
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Sun
sets.
rises
and
0
Q
Q
65 o
Slow.
Morn.
sets.
sets.
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H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
B. M.
i
365
1
Wednes..
^ -c 6
12 3 25
1129
728
439
640
716
461
634
739
429
667
2
364
2
Thursday.
" " 19
12 3 54
ev.22
728
440
sets
716
452
sets
739
430
sets
3
363
Friday....
12 4 22
114
728
442
627
716
453
631
738
431
617
4
162
4
Saturday.
" " 16
12 4 50
2 5
728
443
748
716
453
750
738
432
741
6
361
5
SUNDAY
" " 30
12 6 17
256
728
444
846
716
454
847
738
433
842
6
360
6
Honday ..
- K 14
12 5 44
344
728
445
954
716
455
964
738
434
953
359
7
Tuesday. .
" " 28
12 6 10
433
727
446
11 1
716
456
11 0
737
435
11 3
8
358
8
Wednes..
K T 12
12 6 36
523
727
447
morn
716
457
morn
737
436
morn
9
.J57
9
Thursday.
" " 26
12 7 2
615
727
448
10
716
458
8
737
437
17
10
356
10
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T V 10
12 7 27
710
727
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121
716
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118
736
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11
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11
Saturday.
" " 24
12 7 51
8 7
727
449
231
716
6 1
227
736
439
244
12
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12
SUNDAY
V K 8
12 8 14
9 6
727
450
339
715
5 2
334
736
440
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13
353
13
donday ..
" " 22
12 8 38
10 5
727
461
444
715
5 3
439
736
441
6 0
14
352
14
Tuesday..
K 8 0
12 9 0
11 4
727
452
642
715
6 4
537
735
442
555
15
351
15
Vednes..
" " 20
12 9 22
1169
727
454
633
715
5 6
628
734
444
647
16
350
16
Thursday
0 0 4
12 9 43
morn
726
455
rises
714
5 6
rises
734
446
rises
17
349
17
Friday
" " 17
12 10 3
51
725
456
647
714
5 7
649
733
447
640
18
348
18
Saturday.
O HP 2
12 10 23
140
724
458
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713
6 8
751
732
448
746
19
347
19
SUNDAY
" " 13
12 10 42
226
723
459
852
713
6 9
853
731
449
8 51
20
346
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Monday..
" " 25
12 11 0
3 10
722
6 0
949
712
510
949
730
450
961
345
21
Tuesday .
TIP o 7
12 11 18
352
722
6 1
1050
712
512
1048
729
452
10 55
22
344
22
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5 " 19
12 11 35
435
721
5 2
1147
711
513
1144
729
454
11 56
23
343
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12 11 51
517
720
5 3
morn
711
614
morn
728
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morn
M
342
24
friday....
** ** 1^
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6 2
720
6 4
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515
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727
466
59
25
341
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Saturday.
" " 25
12 12 20
648
719
6 5
145
710
516
140
726
457
1 58
26
340
26
SUNDAY
m ' 7
12 12 34
736
719
6 6
242
7 9
516
§37
725
458
257
27
339
27
Monday..
" " 19
12 12 47
826
718
6 7
337
7 9
517
31
724
469
352
28
29
338
337
28
29
Tuesday .
iVednes..
* * 2
" " 15
12 12 59
12 13 1
918
1011
717
716
5 8
6 9
430
618
7 8
7 8
ii!
425
513
724
723
6 1
5 3
446
534
336
30
Thursday
" " 28
12 13 21
11 4
715
511
6 1
7 7
520
556
723
5 5
614
3!
335
31
Friday ....
•B- 12
12 13 31
1156
715
512
639
7 6
521
636
722
6 6
649
If^iiSE"!^: M Month. FEBRUARY, 1919. *« Days. C Last Quar., 22d.
:NCW York, Chicago,
tit. Louis, S. Mo.,
St. Paul, Mich.,
i
3
R
£-<
MOON'S
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Wis., Minn.,N.D,
H
H
ft
W
H
*
I
DAT
OP
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. 8. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
Ore., N.Mo.. Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
o
t<
o
WEEK.
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
. H
H
[H
Mean
IAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
4
•<
J ft ||
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets
and
Q
a
fi
§ 5 *
Slow.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
O oo G
H. H. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M
H. H.
32
334
1
Saturday.
-C - 26
12 13 40
ev.47
7J4
513
sets
7 6
522
sets
721
6 7
sets
33
333
2
SUNDAY
- K 10
12 13 48
138
712
514
741
7 4
623
741
720
6 8
739
34
332
3
Monday..
" " 24
12 13 55
229
711
515
853
7 3
525
852
719
510
8 54
35
331
4
Tuesday..
H T 8
12 14 2
320
710
517
10 1
7 2
526
10 0
717
5 11
10 6
36
3130
I
Wednes..
" " 23
12 14 7
412
7 9
5 19
1112
7 1
527
11 9
716
512
1121
87
329
6
Thursday
T tf 7
12 14 12
6 6
7 8
520
morn
7 0
628
morn
715
514
morn
38
328
7
Friday. . .
" " 21
12 14 16
6 2
7 6
521
22
659
629
18
713
515
34
39
327
8
Saturday.
V X 5
12 14 19
7 0
7 5
523
131
6 58
530
126
712
516
145
40
326
9
SUNDAY
" " 19
12 14 21
758
7 4
524
237
657
532
231
710
6 18
252
41
325
10
Monday ..
» 8 2
12 14 23
855
7 3
525
335
656
533
329
7 9
520
350
42
324
11
Tuesday .
" " 16
12 14 24
950
7 2
526
427
655
534
422
7 7
522
442
43
323
12
Wednes. .
" " 29
12 14 24
10 42
7 1
527
612
654
535
6 7
7 6
523
524
44
322
13
Thursday
8 0 12
12 14 23
11 32
7 0
528
550
653
536
546
7 4
524
6 0
45
321
14
Friday
" " 25
12 14 21
morn
659
530
rises
651
538
rises
7 3
5 26
rises
46
320
15
Saturday.
O TIP 8
12 14 19
19
658
532
637
650
539
637
7 2
527
634
47
1319
16
SUNDAY
"* ** 21
12 14 16
1 3
6 56
533
739
649
540
739
7 1
529
740
48
318
17
Monday..
up = 3
12 14 12
146
654
534
835
648
541
834
659
531
839
49
317
18
Tuesday..
" " 15
12 14 7
229
652
536
935
646
542
932
657
532
941
50
316
19
Wednes..
" •• 27
12 14 2
312
650
538
1033
645
544
1030
G 55
534
10 43
51
315
20
Thursday
= m 9
12 13 56
356
649
539
1132
644
545
1127
654
535
1143
52
314
21
Friday ...
.. .. 21
12 13 50
441
647
540
morn
643
546
morn
6 51'
536
morn
53
313
22
Saturday.
m * 3
12 13 43
528
646
541
28
641
547
24
655
538
42
54
312
23
SUNDAY
" " 15
12 13 35
617
645
543
125
640
548
120
648
539
140
55
311
24
Monday..
" " 27
12 18 27
7 7
644
544
2 18
639
549
212
647
540
233
56
;;io
25
Tuesday..
r « 9
12 13 18
758
643
545
3 «
638
550
3 1
646
542
321
67
3(19
26
Wednes . .
" " 22
12 13 8
850
641
5 46
3 52
636
551
347
644
5 43
4 5
58
3(N
27
Thursday
•C - 6
12 12 58
943
639
547
432
635
5 51
428
643
544
444
59
307
28
Friday
" " 20
12 12 47
1034
638
548
5 8
634
552
5 5
641
546
517
18
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
? New Moon, 2, 31. od Month MARPH 1 Q1 Q 31 Davs © Full Moon, 16th.
First Quar., 8th. 3d Montt. lVl>\HX,n, 1919. 31 Days. ,£ Last guar.; 24th.
New York, Chicago
St. Louis, S. Mo.
St. Paul, Mich.,
3
^
~
MOON'S
Iowa, Neb., Wvo.
S. 111., Ind., Kas.
Wis.,Minn.,N.D..
H
"
x
PLACE
SUN AT
MOOIs
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio
Okla., Col., Utah,
S. D., Mont., N.
H
r*1
ifj
DAT
7P.M.
NOON
IN
Pa., N. J., Mass.
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Idaho, Wash., N.
i
x
"*
OF
E. S. T.
MAUK.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md., Del.
N. Y.. Vt.,N. H.
o
•
0
WEEK.
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
tH
4
H
• j3 *
Time.
IAN.
Sun
rises.
Sun
sets
rises
and
Sun
rises
Sun
sets
rises
and
Sun
rises.
Sun
sets.
rises
and
Q
Q
0
IS f
Slow.
Morn.
sets.
sets.
sets.
C S o
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M
H. M.
a. M
H. M
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
60
300
1
Saturday
- X 4
12 12 36
1126
036
550
542
632
554
541
639
548
547
61
305
2
SUNDAY
" " 19
12 12 25
ev.18
035
551
sets
631
555
sets
688
549
sets
62
304
3
Monday..
X T 3
12 12 12
110
634
553
742
630
556
741
636
550
746
63
303
4
Tuesday..
" " 18
12 12 0
2 4
632
554
855
628
557
853
634
5 52
9 2
64
302
5
Wednes...
TVS
12 11 47
259
630
556
10 9
626
558
10 6
632
553
1020
65
301
6
Thursday
" " 17
12 11 33
356
628
557
1120
024
559
1116
630
555
11 33
66
300
7
Friday ...
V H 2
12 11 19
455
626
558
morn
623
6 0
morn
628
556
morn
67
299
8
Saturday.
" " 16
12 11 5
553
624
559
28
621
6 1
23
627
557
44
68
298
9
SUNDAY
" " 29
12 10 50
651
622
6 0
130
619
6 2
124
625
558
145
69
297
10
Monday...
H ® 13
12 10 34
746
620
6 1
224
618
6 3
2 19
623
6 0
240
70
J90
11
Tuesday..
" " 26
12 10 19
838
6 18
6 3
311
617
6 4
8 7
621
6 2
325
71
295
12
Wednes..
® fl 9
12 10 3
928
617
6 4
350
616
6 5
347
619
6 3
4 1
72
294
13
Thursday
" *' 22
12 9 47
1015
615
6 6
425
614
6 6
423
617
6 4
433
73
293
14
frtday ...
R Up 5
12 9 30
1059
613
6 7
456
613
6 7
455
615
6 5
5 1
74
292
15
Saturday.
" " 17
12 9 13
1143
611
6 7
524
612
6 7
523
613
6 6
526
75
291
16
SUNDAY
" " 29
12 8 56
morn
610
6 8
rises
610
6 8
rises
611
6 7
rises
76
17
Monday..
HP ~11
12 8 39
25
6 9
6 9
724
6 8
6 9
723
6 9
6 8
729
77
.'89
18
Tuesday..
" - 23
12 8 21
1 8
6 7
610
8 22
6 6
610
820
6 7
6 9
830
78
288
19
IVednes..
* m 5
12 8 4
1 52
6 5
611
9 21
6 4
611
917
6 6
610
932
79
287
20
Thursday
" " 17
12 7 46
236
6 4
612
1019
6 3
612
1014
6 3
611
10 32
80
386
21
rriday....
" " 29
12 7 28
322
6 2
613
1115
6 2
613
11 10
6 1
613
11 29
81
285
22
Saturday
m f 12
12 7 10
410
6 0
614
morn
6 1
614
morn
6 0
615
morn
82
184
23
SUNDAY
" " 23
12 6 52
459
558
6 15
8
6 0
615
3
558
616
24
83
283
24
Monday ..
f * 5
12 6 33
549
556
616
1 5
559
616
1 0
556
617
119
84
282
25
fuesday..
" " 17
12 6 15
639
554
617
142
557
617
1 37
555
619
1 57
85
281
26
Vednes . .
" " 30
12 6 57
730
553
619
224
5 55
618
220
552
620
237
86
280
27
Thursday
* - 14
12 5 38
821
552
620
3 3
552
619
2 59
550
621
313
87
279
28
rriday....
" " 28
12 5 20
912
551
621
336
550
620
334
548
622
343
88
278
29
Saturday.
- H 12
12 5 2
10 3
550
622
4 9
549
621
4 8
546
624
413
89
277
30
SUNDAY
12 4 44
1055
548
624
442
548
622
4 42
544
626
442
90
270
31
Monday ..
X T 12
12 4 25
1149
540
625
517
r>40
623
5 18
543
627
513
APRIL, 1919. 30 Days.
CLast
©New
"Daylight-Saving" Month. Advance Time Given One Hoar.
uar., 23d.
oon, 30.
New York, Chicago,
St. Louis, S. Mo.,
St. Paul, Mich.,
3
3
H
__ ,
STTW AT
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
£
fc
£
S5
fc
O
2
DAT
OF
PLACE
7P.M.
E. S. T.
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
S, D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
.0
*~*
h
o
WEEK.
Mean
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
^
2
Time.
IAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
<1
-1
%
.1 P b*
Slow and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
fi
G
Q
§ .« a?
Fast.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
9 8 H
H. M. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
91
275
1
Tuesday..
X T 27
12 4 7
ev.45
544
626
sets
545
624
sets
542
628
sets
92
274
2
Wednes. .
T W 12
12 3 49
143
543
627
9 1
543
625
8 57
540
629
9 13
93
273
3
Thursday
•• " 27
12 3 32
243
541
628
1012
542
626
10 7
538
630
1026
94
272
4
Friday
V W 12
12 3 14
344
539
629
1119
540
626
1114
536
631
1134
95
271
5
Saturday.
•• " 26
12 2 56
444
537
630
morn
539
627
morn
534
632
morn
96
270
6
SUNDAY
X 8 10
12 2 39
541
535
631
19
537
628
14
532
634
34
97
209
7
Monday..
" " 23
12 2 21
635
533
632
110
536
629
1 4
530
635
122
98
208
8
Tuesday..
® ft 6
12 2 4
726
531
633
151
534
630
147
528
636
2 3
99
267
9
Wednes . .
" " 19
12 1 47
813
529
634
227
533
631
225
526
637
236
100
200
10
Thursday
onp l
12 1 31
858
527
635
258
531
632
257
524
639
3 4
101
205
11
Friday....
" " 14
12 1 14
941
526
636
327
529
633
326
523
640
330
102
L'04
12
Saturday
" •• 26
12 0 58
1024
524
637
354
528
634
354
521
641
3 54
103
203
13
SUNDAY
TV " 8
12 0 42
11 6
523
638
422
526
635
423
519
642
419
104
202
14
VIonday ..
" " 20
12 0 27
1149
521
639
447
525
636
448
518
643
441
105
201
15
Tuesday..
a m 2
12 0 12
morn
520
640
rises
523
636
rises
517
645
rises
100
200
10
Wednes...
" " 14
11 59 57
33
519
642
811
522
637
8 7
515
646
823
107
259
17
Thursday
" " 26
11 59 42
119
517
643
9 8
521
638
9 3
513
647
921
108
258
18
Friday
m * 7
11 59 28
2 6
5 16
644
10 1
519
639
956
511
648
1017
109
257
19
Saturday.
" " 19
11 59 14
254
514
645
1052
518
640
1047
5 9
649
11 7
110
250
20
S UNDAY
>f « 1
11 59 1
344
512
646
1144
517
641
1138
5 7
651
1159
111
255
21
VIonday .
" " 14
11 58 48
433
510
647
morn
516
642
morn
5 4
653
morn
112
254
22
Tuesday..
" " 28
11 58 36
523
5 9
648
20
515
642
IS
5 2
654
33
113
253
23
Wednes...
* - 9
11 58 24
612
5 7
649
57
514
643
51
5 0
656
1 8
114
252
24
Thursday
11 58 12
7 1
5 5
650
133
513
644
130
459
657
141
115
251
25
Friday
- H 6
11 58 1
750
5 4
652
2 5
511
645
2 4
458
658
210
116
250
20
Saturday.
" " 20
11 57 51
840
5 3
653
237
5 9
646
237
457
659
239
117
249
27
SUNDAY
XT 5
11 57 41
932
5 2
654
3 10
5 7
646
310
456
7 0
3 8
118
248
28
Monday..
" " 20
11 57 31
1026
5 0
655
344
5 5
647
345
454
7 1
339
119
247
29
Tuesday..
T V 5
11 57 22
1123
459
656
422
5 4
649
424
452
7 8
413
120
240
30
Weclnes..
" " 21
11 57 14
ev. 24
457
657
sets
5 3
650
seta
450
7 4
sets
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
19
i First Quar., 6th.
i Full M~oon, 14th.
"Daylight-Saving*
5th Month.
MAY, 1919. 31 Days.
Month. Advance Time Given One Hour.
New York, Chicago
St. Louis, S. Mo.,
St. Paul, Mich.,
-d
r-i
H
MOON'S
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
\VJs., Minu.,N.D.,
$
£
y,
0
DAY
PLACE
7 1*.M.
SUN AT
NO OX
MOON
IN
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
S D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
fa
Y.
^
OP
E. S.T
MARK.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md., Del.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
O
fa
0
WEEK.
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
hi
J
Mean
IAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun.
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
3
>
«t
• rt .
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
0
Q
0
• fi y
Fast.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
U 35 Q
H. M. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. H.
U. »I.
H. SI.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
U. M.
H. M.
121
245
1
Thursday
V V. 6
11 57 6
126
456
658
859
5 2
651
854
449
7 5
914
122
244
2
Friday. ..
" "20
11 56 58
229
455
659
10 4
5 1
652
959
448
7 6
10 19
123
243
3
Saturday
H « 5
11 56 51
329
454
7 0
1059
5 0
653
1054
446
7 7
11 14
124
242
4
SUNDAY
" "19
11 56 45
427
453
7 2
1147
459
654
1143
444
7 8
11 59
125
241
5
Monday..
® a 2
11 5639
520
452
7 3
morn
458
655
morn
443
710
morn
126
240
6
Tuesday .
' "T6
1 1 56 34
610
450
7 4
26
457
656
23
442
711
36
127
'S9
7
Wednes..
" "28
11 56 29
656
449
7 5
1 0
456
657
68
440
712
1 7
128
238
8
Thursday
fl HP 11
11 56 25
740
448
7 6
130
455
658
129
439
713
134
129
237
9
b'riday
" "23
11 56 21
823
446
7 7
158
454
659
157
438
714
1 59
130
-'3(5
10
Saturday
HP = 5
11 56 18
9 5
445
7 8
224
453
7 0
225
437
716
222
131
235
11
SUNDAY
" "17
11 56 16
948
444
7 9
251
452
7 0
253
436
717
247
132
234
Monday..
" "29
11 56 14
1031
442
710
319
451
7 1
322
435
718
312
133
233
13
Tuesday..
** HI 1 1
11 56 12
1116
441
711
348
450
7 2
351
434
719
338
134
232
14
Wednes..
" "23
11 56 11
morn
440
712
rises
449
7 3
rises
432
720
rises
135
231
15
Thursday
m f 4
11 56 11
3
439
713
758
448
7 3
753
431
721
8 13
136
230
16
b'riday....
•• " 16
11 56 11
51
438
714
848
448
7 4
843
430
723
9 3
137
229
17
Saturday.
'• *' 28
11 66 11
140
437
715
937
447
7 5
932
429
724
952
138
228
18
SUNDAY
r -sll
11 56 14
230
436
716
1019
446
7 6
1014
428
725
10 32
139
227
19
Monday ..
" "23
1 1 56 16
319
435
717
1059
445
7 7
1055
427
726
11 10
140
226
20
Tuesday..
* - 6
11 56 18
4 8
434
718
1133
444
7 8
1130
426
727
11 42
141
225
21
Wednes..
" "19
11 56 21
456
434
719
morn
444
7 9
morn
425
728
morn
142
224
22
Thursday
-X 2
1 1 56 25
544
4 33
720
5
443
710
3
424
729
11
143
223
23
Friday. . .
" " 15
11 56 29
632
4 32
721
35
443
711
34
423
730
38
144
>•)'>
24
Saturday.
" "30
11 56 34
721
431
722
1 6
442
712
1 7
422
781
1 6
145
25
SUNDAY
X T14
11 56 40
812
430
723
138
442
713
140
421
732
135
146
220
26
tfonday ..
" "29
11 56 45
9 6
429
724
215
441
718
217
420
734
2 8
147
27
Tuesday..
T W14
11 56 52
10 4
428
725
254
441
714
257
419
735
243
148
218
28
Wednes..
" "29
11 56 59
11 5
427
726
341
440
715
345
4 18
736
328
149
217
29
Thursday
V K14
11 57 6
ev. 8
426
727
sets
439
716
sets
417
737
sets
150
216
30
friday ....
" "29
11 57 14
111
426
728
844
439
717
839
416
738
9 0
151
215
31
Saturdav.
H ©13
11 57 22
212
4 '26
729
937
438
717
933
416
739
9 51
First Quar.
ull Moon, 13th.
(Full
5th.
6th Month. JUNE, 1919. 30 Days.
'Daylight-Saving" Month. Advance Time Given One Hoar.
SLast Quar., 20th.
New Moon, 27th.
AewYork.Chicago,
St. lAiuis. S. Mo.
St. Paul, Mich.,
w
PS
K
CM
H
MOON'S
PLACE
SUN AT
Noox
MOON
Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
S. III., Ind., Kas.
Okla., Col., Utah
Wis., Minn.,N.D.
S. D., Mont., N.
(H
£"<
q
UH
DAY
7 P. M.
MA UK.
IN
Pa., N. J., Mrss.,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
1 Idaho, Wash., N.
fa
fc
rt
OP
K. S. T.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md.. Del.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
O
"
^
WEEK.
Mean
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
DQ
Time.
IAN.
Sun
Sun
Sun
5
'C
•<
_• — *;
Fast and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
DHH
rises.
sun
sets.
sets
and
o
0
Q
0 Jf "
Slow,
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
*~ "~
O CO O
H. M. S.
B. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M
H. M.
152
214
1
SUNDAY
H ®27
11 5731
3 9
425
729
1021
438
718
1017
415
740
1032
153
213
2
Monday ..
® fill
11 57 40
4 2
425
730
1059
438
719
1057
415
741
11 7
154
212
3
Tuesday..
" "24
11 57 49
451
425
730
1132
438
719
1130
414
741
1137
155
211
4
Wednes..
fiTBP 7
1 1 57 59
536
425
731
1159
437
720
1159
414
742
morn
156
210
5
Thursday.
" "20
11 58 8
620
424
731
morn
437
720
morn
414
742
157
209
6
Friday....
HP •= 2
1 1 58 20
7 3
424
732
27
437
721
28
413
743
26
158
208
7
Saturday
" "14
11 58 30
746
424
733
54
437
721
55
413
743
50
159
207
8
SUNDAY
" "26
11 58 41
829
424
733
122
436
722
124
413
744
116
160
201)
9
Monday..
« m 8
11 58 53
913
423
734
152
436
722
155
413
744
142
161
•20.-.
10
Tuesday..
•• "20
11 59 4
10 0
423
734
222
436
723
226
412
745
211
162
'204
11
Wednes..
m f i
11 59 16
1047
423
735
3 0
436
724
3 4
412
746
246
163
203
12
Thursday
'• "13
11 59 28
1137
423
736
341
436
724
346
412
747
326
1R4
202
13
Friday....
" "25
11 59 40
morn
423
737
rises
436
725
rises
412
747
rises
201
14
Saturday
if * 8
11 59 52
26
423
787
8 19
436
725
8 14
412
748
8 83
166
•200
15
SUNDAY
" "20
12 0 5
116
423
738
9 0
436
725
856
412
749
912
167
199
16
Monday..
•6 •• 3
12 0 18
2 6
423
738
936
4 36
726
932
412
750
946
198
17
Tuesday
" "16
12 0 30
254
423
739
10 9
436
726
10 6
412
750
10 16
169
197
1,8
Wednes..
" "29
12 0 43
342
423
739
1038
436
726
1037
412
751
1042
170
196
19
Thursday
- X12
12 0 56
429
423
739
11 8
436
726
11 8
412
751
11 9
171
195
20
Friday....
" "26
12 1 9
517
423
739
1140
436
726
1141
412
751
1137
172
194
21
Saturday.
X ^10
12 1 22
6 6
424
740
morn
4 3(5
726
morn
412
751
morn
173
193
22
SUNDAY
" "24
12 1 35
657
424
740
13
437
727
15
413
761
7
174
192
23
Monday..
T V 8
12 1 48
751
424
740
49
437
727
52
413
761
40
175
191
24
Tuesday..
" "23
12 2 1
848
424
740
130
437
727
134
413
751
118
176
190
25
Wednes..
tf K 8
12 2 14
949
424
740
230
437
727
235
413
751
216
177
189
26
Thursday
" "22
12 a 27
1051
425
740
316
438
727
321
413
751
3 1
178
188
27
Friday
K ® 7
12 2 40
1153
425
740
420
438
727
425
414
751
4 4
179
187
28
Saturday.
" "21
12 2 53
ev.52
425
740
sets
438
727
sets
414
751
sets
180
186
29
SUNDAY
® 0 6
12 3 5
148
425
740
853
439
727
850
414
751
9 2
181
185
30
Mondav..
•' "19
12 3 17
240
426
740
929
440
727
926
415
761
9 35
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
7th Kontv II II Y
ltt- JVJL.I,
i First Quar., 4th.
>Full Moon, 13th.
"Daylight-Saving" Month. Advance Time Given One Hour.
11 TI.U-. CLast Quar., 20th,
31 Days. J Xew Soon, 27th.
a
.4
•
EJ
Moox's
Iowa,
Neb., Wyo..
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Wis.. Minn
.N.D.,
1
z
PLACE
gj-"y AT
MOON
Ore.,
X.Mo.. Ohio,
Okla.. Col., Utah.
S. D., Mon
t., N.
5
>•
DAT
7 P. M.
NOOK
IX
Pa.. :
f. J.. Mass..
Cal., Kr.. Va.,
Idaho, Was
h., N.
h
z
"Z
OF
K.S T.
MARK.
ME-
Conn.. R. I.
Md., Del.
X. Y., Vt..
N. H.
0
—
'-
:
WEEK
Rll>
Moon
Moon
Moon
||
i.
Mean
1AX.
San
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
seta
<
«
A Am
Time.
rises.
seta.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
a
O
a
*3&
Slow.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
D • M
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. X.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.'H. M.
H. M.
ISC
184
i
Tuesday..
C 9 3
12 3 29
329
427
740
10 0
4 40 7 27
959
416
751
10 3
1S3
1SJ
2
'•Vedne^.
.. .. lt;
12 3 41
415
740
1028
4 40 ! 7 87
1098
417
751
1028
184
182
3
Thurv.iii.v
.... 0 —
12 3 52
459
429
740
1057
441
727
1058
41S 751
1055
1^5
1*1
4 Friday....
•*• a 10
12 3
542
429
740
1124
441 727
11 26 ! 419 1 751
11 18
IM
180
5 Saturday.
•• •• .•>»->
12 14
625
430
740
1153
442 787
1156 |419 -51
1145
187
179
6 SUNDAY
* m "5
12 25
7 9
431
739
morn
4 43 I 7 86
morn 4 20 " 50
morn
1$.<
17-.
7 Monday ..
~ 16
12 35
755
432
739
444 786
2$:: 4 -21 "so
13
IM
177
S
Tuesday..
" " 28
12 44
842
432
739
58
444
726
1 3 421 760
45
190
176
9 Wednes..
m f 10
12 54
931
433
738
138
445
725
143 422 -49
123
1B1
175
10 'Thursday
" - 22
12 3 1021
433
737
223
446
725
--- -;•-. -48
19-2 174
11 Friday.. :
f * 4
12 11
1111
434
737
323
446 784
328 423 ,-48
3 8
193 17* 12 'Saturday
" " 17
12 19
morn
435
737
rises
447 724 rises 11424 1 747
rises
194 172 13 SUNDAY
" " 29
12 27
1
435
736
737
447 i 724 734 424 "46
748
195 171 14 Monday.
* - 12
12 34
51
436
736
812
448 723 8 9 425 "46
820
196 17015
1'uesday.
" " 25
12 5 41
140
436
735
843
449;?23 842
4 '26 . - 45
848
197 169 16
\V ednes
- x 9
12 5 47
228
437
734
913
4 50 22 9 13
427 -44
915
19? 16* 17
Thursday
" " 23 12 5 52
316
43*
734
944
451 21 944
428 -43
942
199 167 IS
Friday...
XT 6 12 6 58
4 4
439
733 1016
451 i 21 1017
429 -42
10 12
200 166 19
Saturday
" " 20 12 6 2
454
439
733 1049
452 20 1052
430 741
10 41
301 165
20
SUNDAY
T w 4 12 6 6
545
440
732 1128
453 20 1132
431 "40
11 17
302 164
21
Monday.
" " IS 12 6 10
640
441
731
morn 4 54 19 morn
432
739
1159
903
16:-?
22
Tuesday
V x 3
12 6 13
738
442
730
• 13 454 719; 17
433
738
morn
904
162
23
Wednes.
>. .. j~
12 6 16
837
443
729
1 5 455
7 18 I 1 10
434
737
5O
205
161
24
Thursday
* 8 2 i 12 618
938
444
728
2 3 456
717
2 8
435
736
148
906
160
15
Friday..
- " 16 12 6 19
1037
445
727
3 8 457
716
3 13
436
735
254
907
159
26
Saturday
" " 30 12 6 20
1134
440
726
415 458
715
419
437
734
4 3
208
158
27
SUNDAY
« fi 14 12 6 20
ev.28
44'/
725
sets 459
714
sets
438
733
sets
309157
28
Monday..
-• •• 2> 12 6 20
119
448
724
759 459
713
757
439
732
8 3
210 156 29
Tuesday..
DV 11 12 6 19 t 6
449
723
828 5 0 712
828
440
731
830
211 155 30 .Wednes..
' " 24 12 6 17
252
450
722
858
5 0 718
858
441 730
856
212 154 31 Thursday
T = 6 12 6 15 3 36 451
721 925
5 1 711
927
442 730
921
1
First Quar., 3d. ath Ifonth
Full Moon, llth. 8th »ontn-
Daylight-Saving" Month. Advance Time Given On* Hour.
C Last Quar., 18th,
$New fioon> 25th.
j
N e w York. Chicaeoj
M. Louis. S. Mo.,
St. Paul, Mich..
M
•
zz
£«
Moox's
owa.
Neb.. Wvo..
S. 111., Ind., Kas..
Wis., Minn
VD..
2
s
PLACE
StTXAT
MOON
Ore., X.Mo.. Ooio.
Okla., Col., Utah,
S. D., Mont., N.
H
fe
X
z
i
DAT
OP
7 P.M.
X.S.T.
Noox
MARK.
IX
ME-
Pa.. N. J.. Man..
Conn., R. I.
Cal.. Ky., Va..
Md.. Del.
Idaho, Wash., N.
fN. Y.. Vt.. N. H.
a
x
'—
;
WEEK
MAO*.
B1D-
Moon
Moon
MOOD
N
>
H
• O tw
enn
Time.
IAX.
Snn
irises.
Sun
sets.
seta
and
Sun
rises.
San
sets.
sets
and
>un
rises.
Sun
sets.
sets
and
j5_
1
=
i$!
Slow.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
OmCt
H. M. 8.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M. H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
213
153
1
Friday....
V = 18
12 612
420
452
719
953
5 2
710
956
443
729
946
214 152
2 Saturday.
" •• 30
12 6 9
5 4
453
718
1025
5278
1028
444
727
1015
215 151
3 SUNDAY
• m 12 if f •
549
454
717
1058
5378 11 2
445
725
1046
216 15<>
4 Monday...
" " 24 18 6 0
636
454
716
1136
5477 1140
446
724
11 22
217 149>
5 'Tuesday..
m f 6
12 5 55
724
455
715
morn
5576
morn
447
722
morn
218 14*
6 Wednes..
.. .. 18
12 5 49
813
456
714
18
5675
23
449
720
3
219 147
7 Thursday
" " 30
18 5 42
9 3
457
713
1 6
5774
111
450
719
50
220 146
8
Friday....
f * 12
12 6 35
953
459
718
2 0
5 7
7 3
2 6
451
718
145
221 145
9
Saturday.
.. .. 25
12 5 27
1044
5 0
710
256
5 8
7 2
3 1
453
717
246
222 144
10
SUNDAY
* - 8
12 5 19
1133
5 1
7 9
359
5 9
7 1
4 3
454
715
349
223 14*
11
Monday..
" " 23
12 5 10 morn
5 2
7 7
ri<-s
510
7 0
rises
455
714
rises
224 14-2
12
Tues.iav.
- X 5
12 5 1
23
5 3
7 6
716
511
659
715
456
713
719
225 141
13
Wednes .
'• " 19
12 4 51
111
5 4
7 5
748
512
657
748
468
712
748
226 140
14
Thursday
M T 3
12 4 40
2 1
5 5
7 4
819
513
655
820
459 710
815
227 139
15
Friday....
" " 17
12 4 29
251
5 6
7 3
8 53
654
855
5079
846
228 13*
16
Saturday.
T V 1
12 4 17
343
5 7
7 2
931
515
653
934
5278
921
229
137
17
SUNDAY
" " 15
12 4 5
437
5 8
7 1
1013
516 651
1017
5376
10 1
230
13^
18
Monday..
" " 29
12 3 53
633
5 9
659
11 2
5 16
650 11 7
5 47 4
1048
231
135
19
Tuesday.
W x 13
12 3 40 ! 631 11510
657
1157
517
649
morn 5572
11 41
232 134
20
Wednes.
- " 28
12 3 26 7301511
655
morn
5 '>
648
•~>
5671
morn
233 133
21 jThursdav
x 8 12
12 3 12 828 512
653
56
519
646
1 1
5 7
7 0
42
234 132
2-' Friday ..
.. .. ._,5
12 257 S» 25 .1513
651
2 -2
520
644
! 5 8
658
149
235 131
23 HaturrtaT
9 fi 9
2 42 1018 IB 14
650
3 8
.-. 2 1
643
3 11 59
656
257
236 13O
24 ,SUNDAY
•• " 23 12 2 27 . 11 915 15
649
415
642
4 17 5 10 6 54
4 7
237 129
•_'5 Monday..
DV 6 12 2 11 1158 1 5 16
647
520
640
521 511 652
515
23- 12*
26 Tuesday.
" " 19 12 1 5S,ev.44
645
sets
639
."> 1 2
650
sets
239 127
27 Wednes..
V * 2 12 1 38 1 29 1 5 18
644
726
637
727 514
648
723
240 126
2d Thursday
" " 14 12 1 21 2 14
5 20
643
755
526
636
756 516
6 46
749
241 125
iay. ..
•• " -_-6 12 1 4 2 58
521
641
824
635
8 27 517 645
8 15
242 124
30 Saturday.
** H. 8 12 0 46 3 43
639
857
634 90 5 1- 643
846
243 123 31 SUNDAY
" " 20 12 0 28 4 29 5 2 ^
638 932 JL2J 633 937 519 641
919
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
21
"9 First
© Full ]
SEPTEMBER, 1919. so Day., l^fc
"Daylight-Saving" Month. Advance Time Given One Hour.
23d.
3
a
-;
;_
Iowa, Neb., Wvo.. ,S. 111., Ind., Kas..
Wis., Minn..N.D.,
£
£
D
DAT
PLACE
7 P. M.
SUN AT
NOOK
MOON-
IN
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass..
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
h
y.
rt
OF
E. S. T.
MARK.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md., Del.
S'. Y., Vt.. N. H.
O
*H
fe
O
WEBK
BID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
>_
pj
Mean
LAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Son
sets
San
Sun
sets
3
4
•<
B C IX
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
ri-es.
sets.
and
0
C
G
S58
Fast.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
o • p
H. M. 8.
H. M.
T3. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
244
122
1
Monuay . .
"I f 2
12 0 9
516
524
636
1013
529
632
1018
5 -< )
639
958
245 121
2
Tuesday..
" "14
1 1 59 51
6 3
525
634
1058
529
630
11 3
5 2 1
638
1042
2461120
3
Wednes..
» ~V6
1 1 59 32
654
5 26
632
1149
-> :-;u
629
1154
523
636
1135
247:119
4
Thursday
* C 8
1 1 59 12
743
5 27
630
morn
531
627
morn
524
634
morn
248,118
5
Friday....
" -20
1 1 58 52
833
528
629
43
5 32
625
48
525
632
30
249 117
6
Saturda^.
* - 3
11 58 33
9 23
5 29
627
144
533
623
148
526
630
132
250 116
7
SUNDAY
" "17
11 58 12
1013
530
625
24ti
534
622
249
528
628
237
251
115
8
Monday..
- X 0
1 1 57 52
11 2
531
624
352
535
621
354
5 29
626
346
252 114
9
Tuesday..
" "14
11 57 31
1152
532
622
459
536
619
5 0
530
624
456
253 113
10
Wednes..
" "28
11 57 11
morn
5 :-;:i
620
rises
537
617
rises
531
622
rises
254 112
11
Thursday
K T13
11 56 50
43
534
618
654
537
615
655
5S2
620
649
255 111
12
Friday....
•• "27
11 56 29
136
535
616
731
588
614
734
53 3
618
722
256 110
13
Saturday
T W12
11 56 8
231
5 36
614
811
539
613
815
5 :•; 4
617
759
257 i 109
14
SUNDAY
" -26
11 55 47
327
537
613
9 0
5 40
612
9 5
5S5
615
847
258 108
15
Monday..
V XlO
11 55 25
426
5 3*
611
953
541
610
958
536
613
938
259 107
16
Tuesday-..
" "24
11 55 4
525
5 39
6 9
1051
542
6 8
1056
537
611
1037
260 106
17
Wednes..
X 8 8
11 5443
623
541
6 7
1155
543
6 6
1159
539
6 9
1141
261 105
18
Thursday
... .-22
1 1 54 22
720
542
6 6
morn
544
6 4
morn
541
6 7
morn
262 104
19
Friday....
905
11 54 1
813
543
6 4
59
545
6 3
] 3
542
6 5
48
263 103
•20
Saturday.
" "19
11 53 39
9 4
544
6 2
2 4
546
6 1
2 7
543
6 S
155
264 102
21
SUNDAY
O UP 2
11 53 18
953
545
6 0
3 9
547
6 0
311
544
6 1
3 2
2«5 101
22
Monday..
" "15
11 52 57
1039
546
559
411
547
559
412
546
6 0
4 9
360 100
23
Tuesday.
" "28
1 1 52 36
1124
547
558
513
54*
557
512
547
558
513
267
BO
24
Wednes..
HJ> elO
11 52 16
ev. 8
543
556
sets
549
656
sets
54fl
556
Bets
26*
96
25
Thursday
" "22
1 1 51 55
53
5 49
554
626
550
553
628
540
554
619
269
97
26
Friday ....
«m 4
11 51 34
138
550
552
656
551
551
7 0
550
552
646
270
96
27
Saturday.
" ^16
11 51 14
224
551
550
730
552
550
734
5 52
550
718
271
95
28
SUNDAY
., .. 28
1 1 50 64
310
552
549
810
553
549
814
5 53
548
756
272
94
29
Monday..
»l r 10
11 50 34
358
553
547
853
5 5 1
547
858
554
546
839
273
93
30
Tupsdav..
" " 22
U 5H 14
446
5 54 5 45 9 42
555 545 947
555 544 927
(First
(Full ]
J. «
10th Montis OCTOBER, 1919. 31 Days. |{-£ Jgj£.
9
•
•
Iowa, Neb., Wyo..
S. Ill
, Ind., Kas.,
Wis., Minn..X.D.,
1
£
|
*
DAT
MOON s
PLACE
7 P. M.
8TJN AT
NOON"
MOON
IN
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa.. N. J., Mass.,
Okhi
Cal
, Col.. Utah,
, Ky., Va..
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
h
2
OP
E. S. T.
MARK.
ME-
Conn., R. I.
Md.. Del.
V. Y., Vt., N. H.
0
m"
fc
o
WEEK.
.
RID-
M"»u
Moon
Moon
k|
• ,^
.
Mean
IAN.
San
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Snn
sets
9
^
i
C F w
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
0
Q
3-rf ?
Fast.
Eve.
rises
rises.
rises.
^™~
71 G
H. M. s.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
374
92
\
Wednes...
y * 4
11 49 55
535
5 56
544
1033
556
543
1038
5 57
542
1020
275
91
2
Thursday
" "16
11 49 35
624
557
542
1130
5 56
542
1134
5 5"
540
1118
276
90
3
Friday...
" "28
1149 16
712
5 58
540
morn
557
541
morn
5 59
539
morn
277
89
4
Saturday
* -11
11 48 58
8 1
559
538
29
540
32
6 0
538
19
Z78
K*t
5
SUNDAY
" "24
11 48 39
850
6 0
537
134
5 59
538
136
6 1
536
126
379
^7
i
Monday..
- X 8
11 48 21
939
6 1
535
238
6 0
536
239
6 2
534
234
380
86
7
Tuesday..
" "22
1148 4
1030
6 2
533
345
6 1
534
345
6 4
533
343
85
8
Wednes..
X T 7
1 1 47 47
1122
6 3
532
455
6 2
533
454
6 5
530
457
289
84
9
Thursdav
•• "22 11 47 30
morn
6 4
530
rises
6 3
531
rises
6 6
528
rises
363
83
10
Friday....
T w 6
11 47 IS
18
6 5
528
6 6
6 4
529
6 9
6 7
526
556
284
83
11
Saturday
" " 21
11 46 57
115
6 7
526
654
6 5
528
658
6 8
524
641
385
81
12
SUNDAY
V x 6
11 46 42
215
6 8
525
746
6 6
527
751
6 M
522
731
286
80
13
Monday..
" "21
11 46 23
316
6 9
523
845
6 7
526
850
•; 1 2
520
831
287
79
14
Tuesday .
X 0 5
1146 13
417
610
521
948
6 8
524
952
6 1 3
519
934
78
15
Wednes..
" "19
1 1 45 59
515
611
519
1053
6 9
523
1057
614
517
1042
289
77
16
Thursday
® C 3
11 45 45
610
612
518
1158
610
522
morn
616
516
1148
290
76
17
Friday....
;; ;;i6
11 45 33
7 2
613
517
morn
611
520
617
514
morn
291
75
18
Saturday.
11 45 21
750
614 516
1 1
612
5 19
1 4
•1 1-
512
57
292
74
19
SUNDAY
onpi2
11 45 9
837
615 515
2 5
613
518
2 6
6 19
510
2 1
293
73
20 Monday...
" "24
11 44 58
922
616 513
3 6
614
517
3 6
6 2 1
5 8
3 5
294
72
21 Tuesday..
TIP •= 7
11 44 48
10 6
618 511
4 5
615
516
4 4
889
5 7
4 7
295
71
22
Wednes...
" "19
11 44 3S
1050
619 5 9
5 5
616
514
5 4
•'. 2 t
5 6
510
290
70
23
Thursday
11 4430
11 34
621 6 7
6 4
616
512
6 1
625
5 3
612
297
69
24
Friday....
" "13
11 44 21
ev.19
6 22 5 6
sets
617
511
sets
627
5 2
sets
298
68
25
Saturday
" " 25
11 44 14
1 6
694: 5 4
6 9
618
510
613
62-
5 1
556
299
67
26
SUNDAY
m f 7
1144 7
153
625
5 2
650
6 !!•
5 8
655
630
459
636
300
66
27
Monday..
" "18
11 44 1
241
626
5 1
736
6 20
5 7
741
631
457
722
301
65
28
Tuesday .
" "30
1 1 43 56
329
6 27
5 0
826
621
5 6
831
632
455
812
302
64
•29
Wedces...
y -C 12
11 43 51
417
628
459
920
622
5 5
925
639
454
9 7
303
63
30
Thursday
" "24
11 43 47
5 5
629
458
1019
6 23
5 4
1022
634
453
10 8
304 62
31
Friday...
* - 7
11 43 44
552
630 457 11 18
624
53 1121
636 451 11 9
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
63 Full Moon, 7th. nth Month NOVFMRFR 1 Q1 Q SO Davs ® New Moon, 22d.
<£ Last Quar., 14th. llta Montl1- l^V/ V C,iVlE>ILH., 1919. <*U Days, p First Quar., 30th.
-Now York, Chicago,
St. Paul, Mich.,
£
es
•3
~
H
_ _ ,
Iowa, Neb., Wvo..
S. 111., Ind./Kas!'
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
&
h
w
*
•f.
0
S
DAY
OF
MOON S
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
SUN AT
NOON
MARK.
MOON
IN
ME-
Ore'., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
X. Y., Vt., N. H.
0
M
§
WEEK.
RID-
Moon
»
Moon
Moon
Kj
LH
Kj
Mean
IAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
s
5
5
rl P hf
Time.
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
Q
Q
Q
o Jf a?
Fast.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
U OB Q
H. M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
305
61
1
Saturday
* - 19
11 43 42
640
631
455
morn
626
5 1
morn
038
449
morn
300
60
2
SUNDAY
- M 3
11 43 40
727
633
454
21
627
5 0
22
639
448
15
307
59
3
Monday . .
" " 16
11 43 39
816
634
453
] 25
628
459
126
640
447
1 23
308
58
4
Tuesday.
X T 0
11 43 39
9 6
635
452
231
629
458
230
641
445
231
309
57
5
Wednes
" " 15
11 43 40
959
636
450
340
630
457
338
642
443
3 43
310
56
6
Thursday
" " 30
11 43 42
1056
637
449
450
631
456
448
6 44
442
457
311
55
7
Friday...
T » 15
11 43 44
1156
638
448
6 4
632
455
6 0
645
441
6 14
312
54
8
Saturday
" " 30
11 43 47
morn
039
447
rises
633
454
rises
646
440
rises
313
53
9
SUNDAY
V X 15
11 43 51
58
640
446
630
634
453
635
647
439
6 16
314
52
10
Monday .
•• - 30
11 43 66
2 2
641
445
734
635
452
739
648
438
720
315
51
11
Tuesday..
M ® 16
11 44 2
3 3
643
444
841
637
452
845
650
436
8 28
316
50
12
Wednes.
" " 29
11 44 9
4 2
644
443
948
638
461
951
652
435
938
§17
49
13
Thursday
® O 18
11 44 17
457
645
442
1054
639
450
1056
653
434
1047
18
48
14
Friday.. .
" " 26
11 44 25
547
646
441
1167
640
450
1158
665
433
1163
319
47
15
Saturday.
our 19
11 4434
635
648
440
morn
641
449
morn
656
432
morn
320
46
16
SUNDAY
" " 21
11 44 44
720
649
439
59
642
449
1 0
658
431
58
321
45
17
Monday.
HP = 4
11 44 65
8 4
651
438
159
643
448
158
(559
430
2 0
322
44
18
Tuesday .
" " 16
11 45 7
848
652
438
258
644
447
257
7 0
430
3 2
323
43
19
Wednes.
11 " 28
11 45 20
932
654
437
357
645
447
355
7 2
429
4 4
324
42
20
Thursday
•*m 10
11 45 34
1017
655
437
456
646
446
453
7 3
428
5 5
325
41
Friday...
•• •• 22
11 45 48
11 3
656
436
554
647
445
550
7 6
427
6 5
326
40
22
Saturday.
m * 4
11 46 3
1150
657
435
648
648
445
644
7 6
426
7 2
327
39
23
SUNDAY
" " 15
11 46 19
ev37
658
434
sets
649
444
sets
7 7
426
sets
328
38
24
Monday ..
" " 22
11 46 36
126
659
433
623
650
444
628
7 9
425
6 8
329
37
25
Tuesday..
* * 9
11 46 54
214
7 0
433
716
651
443
720
710
424
7 2
330
36
26
Wednes. .
.... 21
11 47 12
3 2
7 1
432
811
652
443
815
711
423
8 0
331
35
•27
Thursday
* - 3
11 47 31
348
7 3
431
9 9
053
442
912
712
422
9 0
332
34
28
Friday ....
" " 16
11 47 61
435
7 4
431
1011
654
442
1013
713
422
10 4
333
33
29
Saturday
" " 28
11 48 111 521
7 5
431
1112
655
442
1113
714
421
11 8
834
32
30
SUNDAY
- X 11
11 48 32l 6 7
7 6
431
morn
0 56
442
morn
715
421
morn
(£ Full Moon, 7th. lo«, Month nFPFMRFR 1 Q1 Q VI Tin™ ®New Moon, 22d.
<L Last Quar., 14th. mb Montl1' l-'ll.^n.lVl D1LK., 1»1». 31 Days, f First Quar> 29th
"New York, Chi cago.
St. Louis, S. Mo.,
St. Paul, Mich.,
"
Pi
a
H
t*
MOON'S
StTN AT
Iowa, Neb., Wvo..
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,
fl
fe
B
k
fc
I
DAT
OF
PLACE
7 P. M.
E. S. T.
NOON
MAHK.
MOON
JN
ME-
)re., N.Mo., Ohio.
Ja., N. J., Mass..
Conn., R. I.
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., K.V., Va.,
Md., Del.
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.
0
*"*
o
WEEK.
Mean'
RID-
Moon
Moon
Moon
^
H
^4
Time.
IAN.
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
Sun
Sun
sets
•<
rt P ti
Fast and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
rises.
sets.
and
Q
£
Q
g 5 o
slow.
Eve.
rises.
rises.
rises.
Q IB M
H. !M. S.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
335
31
1
Monday ..
- X 25
11 48 54
655
7 7
431
14
657
441
15
716
421
13
836
30
2
Tuesday..
X T 9
11 49 16
745
7 8
430
120
0 58
441
119
717
420
122
337
29
3
Wednes..
" " 23
11 49 39
838
7 9
430
227
659
441
226
718
420
232
338
28
4
Thursday
T « 8
11 60 3
934
710
430
337
7 0
441
334
719
419
345
339
27
5
Friday....
" " 23
11 50 27
1035
7 11
429
449
7 1
441
445
720
419
5 0
840
26
6
Saturday
W H 8
11 5052
1139
712
429
6 1
7 2
441
556
722
419
6 14
341
25
7
SUNDAY
" " 23
11 51 17
morn
713
429
rises
7 3
441
rises
723
419
rises
342
24
8
Monday
w ® 8
11 51 43
43
714
429
6 19
7 4
441
624
724
419
6 6
343
23
9
Tuesday.
" " 23
11 52 9
145
715
429
729
7 5
441
733
725
419
7 18
344
22
10
Wednes
® fl 7
11 62 36
244
716
429
838
7 6
441
841
726
419
829
345
21
11
Thursday
" " 21
11 53 3
338
717
429
945
7 6
441
947
727
419
939
340
20
12
Friday ....
P TTpp 5
11 53 31
429
718
429
1051
7 7
441
1051
728
419
1048
347
19
13
Saturday
• " 18
11 63 59
517
719
429
1151
7 8
442
1150
729
419
1151
348
18
14
SUNDAY
np <* l
11 54 27
6 2
720
429
morn
7 9
442
morn
730
420
morn
349
17
15
Monday .
.. .. 13
1 1 54 56
646
721
430
51
7 9
442
50
731
420
54
350
10
16
Tuesday.
** ** 25
11 55 26
730
721
430
150
710
443
148
732
420
1 56
351
15
17
Wednes .
— TTt 7
11 55 54
815
721
430
249
710
443
247
732
420
2 58
35L
14
18
Thursday
" " 19
11 56 24
9 0
722
431
346
711
443
343
733
421
3 57
353
13
19
Friday .
" " 30
11 56 54
946
722
431
441
712
444
437
734
421
454
354
12
20
Saturday
m. f 12
11 57 23
1035
723
432
538
712
444
533
734
421
552
35-
11
21
SUNDAY
" " 24
11 57 53
1122
724
432
627
713
444
622
735
422
641
350
10
22
Monday..
* -5 6
11 58 23
ev 11
724
433
sets
713
445
sets
735
422
sets
357
<!
23
Tuesday
" " 18
11 58 53
59
724
434
6 5
7 14
445
6 9
736
423
5 53
35s
8
24
Wednes
•' " 30
1 1 59 23
1 46
725
434
7 3
714
446
7 6
736
424
653
;*.-><.
7
20
Thursday
* - 13
11 59 53
233
"25
435
8 3
714
446
8 6
737
425
755
36(
6
26
Friday...
" " 25
12 0 23
319
-26
435
9 4
715
447
9 6
737
426
859
&01
8
27
Saturday
- X 8
12 0 53
4 5
" 26
436
10 9
715
448
1010
737
426
10 7
.-Hi'-
4
28
SUNDAY
" " 21
12 1 23
451
720
437
11 9
715
449
11 8
738
427
1110
.->*'>/
3 29
Monday
X T 4
12 1 52
538
438
morn
7 16
450
morn
738
428
morn
:s6-i
2 30 Tuesday
" " 18
12 2 22
628
7 °7
4 38
13
716
451
12
739
429
17
:«>r
1 . 31 iWednes . .
T w 2 i 12 2 51 7 20
7 28 4 39
1 19
710
451
1 17
7 39 4 29
1 26
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
23
CALENDARS FOR THE YEARS 1930 TO 1923.
1920.
1921.
1922.
1923.
JAN...
FEB...
MAR...
APRIL
MAY..
JUNE.
JULY.
AUG...
SEPT..
OCT
a
-
c
c
1
~
•c
C
a
.a
C
4-^
C
f.
JAN...
c
3
-t
0
0
X
•
~
H
•c
i
?
•_
•d
u.
.-'
a
y.
JAN...
FEB...
MAR...
APRIL.
MAY...
JUNE
a
•7.
a'
c
i
•3
*
J;
H
£
«
•f.
JAN...
c
•7.
3°
0
^
-~
•d
I
f
h
£ 'E
E-i &
4
8
25
1
S
5
111
7
14
.'1
28
'4
11
IS
25
2
SI
it;
.':
-to
'6
13
A
27
'4
11
IS
X
1
11
22
29
'5
I'-
ll
2t
'5
12
III
26
2
9
it;
23
'e
18
20
27
1
1U
17
24
'?
14
21
28
4
11
IS
25
1
8
15
22
ill
5
12
111
2t;
2
9
Hi
88
iO
1
13
20
3
10
17
24
31
7
14
21
2S
1
8
15
22
29
1
8
15
.'2
29
5
12
19
2l>
2
9
it;
;::
ill
V;
13
.'0
27
3
10
17
24
(1
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14
21
28
4
11
IS
25
it
19
2t;
f.
13
20
27
7
14
21
2S
1
8
15
22
29
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12
19
21 ;
2
|
It!
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10
6
13
;o
27
3
HI
17
.'(
il
'7
14
21
28
4 5
11 12
18 19
2526
FEB...
2
9
it;
'.:;
30
3
10
17
24
ol
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
2t;
ti
13
20
14
'.]
28
FEB...
MAR
li
n
.'S
•\
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
2
9
If,
2:;
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
1 2
8 9
15 it;
2223
1
S
15
22
2
9
it;
23
3
111
17
24
4
11
18
25
0
12
19
20
MAR. . .
ti
13
;n
27
7
14
21
28
1
8
15
.".'
29
2
9
n;
23
ill
3
10
17
24
SI
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
251
1 2
8 9
15 If,
2223
2930
5 6
1213
19 20
2627
1
8
15
52
29
5
12
19
26
2
SI
it;
23
*)
t'i
i;;
20
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1
HI
\~
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11
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14
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28
4
11
IS
25
1
6
15
22
29
5
12
19
M
1
9
u;
23
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(1
18
20
27
8
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
1
8
15
22
29
2
9
it;
2:;
50
3
111
17
,'4
•il
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
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29
f,
13
JO
27
5
12
19
20
2
9
It.
23
30
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
i
14
21
2S
APRIL
4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
5
1"
19
2ti
2
9
16
.>:;
ill
t;
13
20
27
8
10
17
24
7
14
21
28
4
11
IS
25
APRIL
MAY...
JUNE
«
13
M
27
14
21
28
2
9
16
23
ftl
'7
14
21
28
3
10
17
24
4
11
IS
25
5
19
2ti
6
13
:o
27
14
21
28
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
.'2
29
4
11
IS
25
2
9
it;
23
*)
5
12
19
21 i
3
HI
17
24
il
6
13
.'(1
27
4
11
18
25
14
21
28
5
12
19
*'
I
S
15
>•;
29
9
it;
23
ftl
I
10
17
>4
U
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
2ti
t;
13
-"
MAY...
1
8
15
22
29
2
9
it;
23
30
3 4
1011
17 18
It26
i
in
17
24
31
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14
21
28
12
lit
26
2
!)
it;
2:1
30
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27
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5
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19
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13
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27
14
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t)
13
211
27
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14
21
28
1
8
15
22
29
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13
21
27
8
10
17
24
31
7
14
28
2
U
it;
23
•JO
'7
14
21
28
11
18
25
3
10
17
24
4
11
IS
25
5
12
19
26
1
8
ir>
22
29
2
9
16
23
-so
3
10
i;
24
1
8
15
.'2
29
4
11
18
25
2
9
it;
23
30
1
S
15
>•>
29
2
B
It!
.-:;
*
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
JUNE..
JULY..
AUG...
3
10
17
24
1
S
15
.'2
29
4
11
18
25
2
9
If,
23
iO
5
12
19
2ti
3
10
17
24
31
6
13
21)
27
4
11
18
25
7 8
1415
21 ,"2
2829
5 6
1213
li' 20
2627
JULY
5
12
19
2<i
K
13
20
27
14
21
28
JULY..
AUG
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
2t;
ti
13
.'(I
27
14
;i
28
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
26
2
9
16
23
W
6
13
20
27
3
10
17
24
SI
AUG...
SEPT..
3
10
17
24
11
'7
14
21
28
4
11
IS
25
5
12
19
2f,
(i
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
2
9
u;
28
30
8
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
2f,
ti
13
27
7
14
21
28
1
8
15
•22
29
2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
3031
7
14
21
38
1
8
15
22
29
2
9
it;
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
2t;
6
13
20
27
i
8
15
22
29
5
12
19
20
3
10
17
24
31
2
9
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28
30
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13
20
27
4
11
18
25
3
10
17
24
31
'7
14
21
28
6
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19
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4
11
18
25
1
8
15
22
29
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13
20
27
5
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19
2t;
2
9
16
23
30
7
14
21
28
5
12
19
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6
13
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27
14
21
28
SEPT..
OCT...
NOV...
DEC
t>
13
20
27
'3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
29
7
14
21
28
'4
11
18
25
2
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it;
23
30
1
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22
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2
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23
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15
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4
11
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23
30
a
i:-
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27
1
8
15
22
29
2
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23
30
3
10
17
24
1
8
15
22
•29
OCT....
2
9
If,
28
30
3
10
17
24
4
U
18
25
5
12
19
26
6 7
13 14
20 21
2728
OCT
4
11
IS
25
5
12
lit
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f,
13
20
27
7
14
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29
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16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4 5
11 12
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DEC...
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IT
24
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1
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NOV...
2
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If
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
IS
25
5
12
19
21
ti
i:
20
27
14
21
2S
NOV
14
21
28
1
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15
22
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it;
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1 2
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15 16
2- 2:
2930
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25
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21
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f)
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7
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2h
DEC . •
4
11
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25
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26
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27
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DEC...
t;
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is
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4
11
1*
2£
5
12
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<
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20
i
14
21
2S
YUKON-TANANA GOLD REGION.
The first gold deposits found in inland
Alaska were in the Yukon-Tanana region,
which lies between Yukon and Tanana rivers
west ol the international boundary. The earli-
est ol the pioneer prospectors crossed the Chil-
koot pass about 1880 and began mining in the
interior ol Alaska six years later alter find-
ing gold in the Yukon-Tanana region. Since
then this region has produced gold to the
value ol about $100.000.000, according to an
estimate made by the United States geological
survey in 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
A READY-REFERENCE CALENDAR.
For ascertaining any day ol the week for any given time within two hundred years from the
introduction ol the New Style, *1752 to 1952 inclusive.
YEARS 1753 TO 1952.
§
1-3
V
'*.
cS
7-
h
a.
1
8,
3
J? **
3 5
•3 **«
^
0 0
O K
1761
1801
1767 1778
1807 1818
1789
1829
1795
1835
1846
1857
1903
1863
1914
1874
1925
1885
1931
1891
1942
4
7
7
3
5
i :
! 6
2
4 7
1762
1802
1773 1779
1813 1819
1790
1830
1841
1847
1858
1909
1869
1915
1875
192(3
1886
1937
1897
1943
5
1
1
4
6
2 '
t 7
3
5 1
1757
1803
1763 1774
1814 1825
1785
1831
1791
1842
1853
1859
1910
1870
1921
1881
1927
1887
1938
1898
1949
6
2
2
5
7
3 I
» 1
4
6 2
1754
1805
1765 1771
1811 1822
1782
1833
1793
1839
1799
1850
1901
1861
1907
1867
1918
1878
1929
1889
1935
1895
1946
2
5
5
1
3
6 J
L 4
7
2 5
1755
1806
1766 1777
1817 1823
1783
1834
1794
1845
1800
1851
1902
1862
1913
1873
1919
1879
1930
1890
1941
1947
3
6
6
2
4
7 '.
i 5
1
3 6
1758
1809
1769 1775
1815 1826
1786
1837
1797
1843
1854
1905
1865
1911
1871
1922
1882
1933
1893
1939
1899
1950
7
a
a
5
1
4 e
2
5
7 3
1753
1810
1759 1770
1821 1827
1781
1838
1787
1849
1798
1855
1866
.1906
1877
1917
1883
1923
1894
1934
1900
1945
1951
1
4
4
7
2
5 '
r 3
6
1 4
LEAP YEARS.
•><i
1764 i 1792
1804
1832 1860
1888
1928 I
7|3|4|7|2|5|7|3|6
114
1768 1796 1808
1830
1864
1892
1904 1
1932 I 5 | 1 |2 5| 7}8 i 5 1 |4|6| 2
1772
1776
1780
1812
1816
1820
1840 1868
1844 1872
1848 1876
1896
1908 I 1936 3|6|7|3I5|1 3 1 6 1 2 1 4 1 7
1912 I 1940 |1|4|5|1|3|6I1I4|7|2|5
1916 1 1944 |6|2I3|6|1|4I6I2I5|7|3
1756 1784
1760 1788
1
1824
1828
2
]
1
852 1880
856 1884
3
4
1!
1£
120 1 1948 | 4
24 1 1952 I 2
7|1|4|6|2|<
5 I 6 1 2 I 4 I 7 ! i
6
U7I3I5I1
i|5ll|3|6
7
Monday .... 1
Tuesday 2
Wednesday. 3
Thursday... 4
Friday 6
Saturday.... 6
SUNDAY... 7
Monday 8
Tuesday — 9
Wednesday. 10
Thursday... 11
Friday 12
Saturday — 13
SUNDAY. ..14
Monday 15
Tuesday — 16
Wednesday. 17
Thursday. .18
Friday 19
Saturday.... 20
SUNDAY... 21
Monday 22
Tuesday 23
Wednesday .24
Thursday... 25
Friday 26
Saturday ...27
SUNDAY... 28
Monday 29
Tuesday — 30
Wednesday.31
Tuesday 1
Wednesday. 2
Thursday... 3
Friday 4
Saturday... 5
SUNDAY... 6
Monday.... 7
Tuesday.... 8
Wednesday. 9
Thursday... 10
Friday ll
Saturday ...12
SUNDAY.... 13
Monday 14
Tuesday 15
Wednesday .16
Thursday... 17
Friday 18
Saturday..'.. 19
SUNDAY ...20
Monday 21
Tuesday ... .22
Wednesday .23
Thursday... 24
Friday 25
Saturday — 26
SUNDAY... 27
Monday 28
Tuesday ... .29
Wednesday .30
Thursday... 31
Wednesday. 1
Thursday... 2
Friday 3
Saturday.... 4
SUNDAY... 5
Monday 6
Tuesday.... 1
Wednesday. 8
Thursday... 9
Friday 10
Saturday — 11
SUNDAY. ..12
Monday 13
Tuesday — 14
Wednesday. 15
Thursday ...16
Friday 17
Saturday.... 18
SUNDAY ...19
Monday 20
Tuesday — 21
Wednesday .22
Thursday ...23
Friday 24
Saturday — 25
SUNDAY. ..26
Monday 27
Tuesday — 28
Wednesday.29
Thursday... 30
Friday 31
Thursday... 1
Friday 2
Saturday.... 3
SUNDAY... 4
Monday 6
Tuesday — 6
Wednesday. 7
Thursday... 8
Friday 9
Saturday.... 10
SUNDAY. ..11
Monday 12
Tuesday — 13
Wednesday.14
Thursday ...16
Friday 16
Saturday.... 17
SUNDAY. ..18
Monday 19
Tuesday ....20
Wednesday. 21
Thursday ...22
Friday 23
Saturday ....24
SUN DAY.... 25
Monday 26
Tuesday — 27
Wednesday.28
Thursday... 29
Friday 30
Saturday — 31
Frida
Satui
SUNl
Monc
Tues
Wedi
Thur
Frida
Satui
SUN]
Monc
Tues
Wedi
Thur
Frida
Satui
SUN]
Monc
Tues
Wedi
Thur
Frids
Satui
SUN
Monc
Tues
Wedi
Thur
Frida
Satu
SUN]
y 1
Saturday.... 1
SUNDAY... 2
Monday 3
Tuesday .... 4
Wednesday. 5
Thursday... 6
Friday 7
Saturday.... 8
SUNDAY... 9
Monday 10
Tuesday — 11
Wednesday. 12
Thursday.... 13
Friday 14
Saturday.... 15
SUNDAY ...16
Monday 17
Tuesday — 18
Wednesday. 19
Thursday... 20
Friday 21
Saturday — 22
SUNDAY .. .23
Monday 24
Tuesday ....25
Wednesday .26
Thursday ...27
Friday 28
Saturday.... 29
SUNDAY... .30
Monday 31
SUNDAY...
Monday
Tuesday....
Wednesday.
Thursday...
Friday
Saturday....
SUNDAY...
Monday
Tuesday —
Wednesday.
Thursday .. .
Friday
Saturday....
SUNDAY...
Monday
Tuesday —
Wednesday.
Thursday...
Friday
Saturday....
SUNDAY...
Monday
Tuesday —
Wednesday.
Thursday...
Friday
Saturday ...
SUNDAY...
Monday
Tuesday . ... .
day.... 2
>AY... 3
ay 4
lay.... 5
icsday. 6
sday... 7
y 8
•day.... 9
OAY...10
ay 11
lay ....12
iesday.13
sday ...14
y 15
day.... 16
DAY ...17
ay 18
3ay ....19
aesday.2U
sday... 21
ly 22
day.... 23
DAY ...24
ay 25
day ... .26
icsday .27
sday. . .28
y 29
•day.. ..30
JAY....31
NOTE— To ascertain any day of the week first
look in the table for the year required and under
the months are figures which refer to the corre-
sponding figures at the head of the columns of
days below. For example: To know on what
day of the week July 4 was In the year 1895, in the
table of years look for 1895, and in a parallel
line, under July, is figure 1, which directs to
column 1. in which it will be seen that July 4
falls on Thursday.
•1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2.
From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept.
3-13 were omitted).— This Calendar is from Whit-
akcr's London Almanack, with some revisions.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
25
CHART OF THE HEAVENS.
Explanation : The chart of the heavens shows
all the brig-ht stars and groups visible in the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Hawaii. Stars
of the third magnitude are sometimes shown
in order to complete a figure.
If a bright, uncharted body be seen near
the "ecliptic circle" it must be a planet. To
locate the planets or moon refer to the
monthly calendar pages in this almanac, find
the proper signs on the chart in the "ecliptic
circle" and an inspection of that part of the
heavens comparing with the chart will eerve
to identify the planet and all surrounding ob-
jects.
Because of the earth's motion from west to
east (opposite to the direction of the arrow
in the chart), the stars rise 4 m. earlier each
day or 30 m. per week or 2 hrs. a month.
The chart shows the position at 9 p. m. Then
if the position lor any other hour be desired,
as lor 7 p. m., count ahead one month, or
back one month for 11 p. m.. and so on lor
any hour of the night, holding the month de-
sired in front as the lace looks either to the
north or south with name down.
A circle described from the zenith on the
"zenith circle" for the desired latitude with a
radius of 90 degrees (see graduated meridian)
will show what stars are above the horizon.
Thus Capella is near the overhead (zenith)
point on latitude 40 degrees north Jan. 15.
9 p. m.. as will be "big dipper" at 3 a. m.
Then from Capella or two stars all the sur-
rounding visible groups can be identified. The
"pointers," being 5 degrees apart and always
in sight, may be used as a convenient unit of
measure: also when visible, the "belt of
Orion." 3 degrees, or the sides of the "square
of Pegasus."
26
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
POSITIONS OF xTHE PRINCIPAL, PLANETS, 1919.
Mean time.
DAY.
VENUS. 9
MAKS.C?
JUPlTER.a
SATUK.V. b
Right
ascen-
sion.
North-
ern
states.
South-
ern
states.
Right
ascen-
sion.
North-
ern
states.
South-
ern
states.
Right
ascen-
sion.
North-
ern
states.
South-
ern
states.
Right
ascen-
sion.
North-
ern
states.
South-
ern
states.
H.M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H.M.
H.M.
H.M.
Hours.
Sets.
Sets.
Hours.
Sets.
Sets.
Hours.
Rises.
Rises.
Hours.
Rises.
Rises.
Eve.
Eve.
Eve.
Eve.
Eve.
Kve.
Eve.
Eve
Jan. 1
XIXX
5 13
5 47
XXM
6 56
7 23
VIM
4 41
5 15
X
8 32
8 51
11
xx>4
5 36
6 7
XX1M
6 57
7 21
VIM
Sets.
Sets.
X
7 50
8 10
21
XXI
6 1
6 27
XXIM
7 2
7 19
VI!|
Morn.
Morn.
X
7 8
7 27
Feb. 1
XXII
6 30
6 48
xxim
7 1
7 16
VIM,
5 23
448
X
6 21
6 40
11
XXHM
6 56
7 8
XX11I
7 2
7 13
VIHs
4 41
4 2
IXM
5 38
5 58
•21
XX111H
7 20
7 25
XXIII1^
7 5
7 12
Vl!4
4 0
3 25
IXM
Sets.
Sets.
Mch. 1
OM
7 41
7 40
XXIIIM
7 5
7 8
VIU
3 28
2 53
IXM
Morn.
Morn.
11
i
8 5
7 58
7 6
7 4
vn2
2 49
2 14
IXM
5 31
5 9
21
IM
8 30
8 15
7 6
7 0
VIj|
2 12
1 37
IXM
4 50
4 28
April 1
lib
8 58
8 36
7 6
6 55
vi^i
1 32
0 57
IXM
4 2
3 35
HIM
9 21
8 53
7 1
6 48
VIU
0 57
0 22
IX}*
3 25
3 2
21
IV}|
9 46
9 13
Dim.
Dim.
VIM
0 3
Eve.
1X!4
2 46
2 23
May 1
V
10 7
9 30
IIM
Invis.
Invis.
VIM
Eve.
11 11
1X!^
2 6
1 39
y 11
VI
10 24
9 45
111
Rises.
Rises.
VIM
11 13
10 39
ix3
1 28
1 5
21
VIM
10 34
9 55
I1IV6
Dim.
Dim.
VII
10 41
10 7
IXM
0 49
0 27
June 1
vnt$
10 39
10 2
IVM
Morn.
Morn.
VIIM
10 6
9 32
IXM
0 7
Eve.
- 11
vm>u
10 34
10 2
IVM
3 55
4 29
VIIM
9 35
8 31
IXM
Eve.
11 4
21
IX
10 24
9 57
VM
3 42
4 17
vim
Dim
Dim.
IXM
10 49
10 28
July 1
IX%(
10 9
9 48
VM
3 31
4 6
VI IM
Invis
Invis.
IXM
10 4
9 51
11
XM
9 49
9 34
VIM
3 IP
3 56
vim
Dim
Dim.
X
9 34
9 15
21
xfi
9 15
9 15
Vij^
3 11
3 46
VIII
Rises
Rises.
X
Dim.
Dim.
AUK. i
X1M
8 50
8 48
VltM
3 1
3 3t5
V1IIM
Morn
Morn.
X
Invis.
Invis.
* 11
Xl%
8 15
8 13
V1B6
2 53
3 27
V11IM
3 45
4 14
XM
Dim.
Dim.
XIM
729
7 19
vnr
2 47
3 18
VIIB6
3 16
3 46
XM
Rises.
Rises.
8ept."l
XI$
Dim.
Dim.
VlII^
2 40
3 8
VIII«
2 45
3 12
XM
Morn.
Morn.
11
XIM
(Uses.
Rises.
IX
2 32
2 58
VI1IM
2 15
2 42
XI?
7B
4 24
4 39
21
XM
More.
Morn.
IX)<S
2 25
2 49
VI1IM
1 46
2 13
xv2
3 51
4 6
Oct. 1
XM
4 0
4 2
IXM
2 19
2 39
IX
1 16
1 41
x«
3 19
3 34
11
XM
3 20
3 24
XM
2 11
2 28,
IX
0 44
1 9
XM
2 44
2 58
21
XI
2 58
3 3
x&
2 3
2 17
1XM
0 12
0 36
XM
2 11
2 24
Nov. 1
XI^
2 49
2 44
XI
1 53
2 3
IXM
Eve.
Eve.
XM
1 33
1 46
11
XIIM
2 51
2 51
XIM
1 43
1 51
IXM
11 0
11 23
XM
0 57
1 10
2]
XIIM
2 58
2 54
XIM
1 34
1 39
IX$
10 24
10 47
XM
Eve.
0 35
Dec. l
XIII^
3 10
3 3
XII
1 23
1 25
IXM
9 46
10 9
XM
11 49
Eve.
11
XIV
3 25
3 11
xn^
1 13
1 11
IXM
9 7
9 30
XI
11 7
11 19
2:
XIVM
3 44
329
XIIM
0 59
055
IXM
8 25
8 48
XI
10 28
10 40
31
XVH;
4 3
3 39
XIII
0 45
0 38
IXM
7 46
8 6
XI
9 52
10 4
NOTE — To use the preceding1 table in connec-
tion with the chart of the heavens, proceed
as follows: To locate Venus April 11-21. By
the planetary table above we note that the
right ascension (corresponding1 to longitude on
the earth) is 111% hours to IV% hours at that
time. By referring' to the chart of the heavens
and locating these hours on the margin of the
map or chart, and connecting them with the
north pole star by a straight edge, as an en-
velope margin, it will be seen that they inter-
cept the ecliptic circle, the circle of dashes,
from the Pleiades to the Hyades on the west
and near the "milkmaid's dipper" on the east,
and therefore that portion of the heavens will
be setting from 9 :21 to 9 :46 p. m. at the
date named.
POSITIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS FOE THE SUNDAYS OF THE YEAE.
PLANETS.
Jan.
Feb.
March
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
9 Venus
5 f
2 «
2 M
6 T
4 V
1 K
6 £>
3 a
7 Cl
6 0
2 fl
7 up
cfMars
12 «
9 -
9 x
13 H
11 T
8 V
13 X
10 X
14 ®
12 O
u n
14 W
aJupiter
19 a
16 K
16 X
20 H
18 K
15 K
20 K
17 ®
21 8
19 ®
16 8
21 ®
b Saturn
26 ®
23 ®
23 8
27 ®
25 ®
22 ®
27 0
24 0
28 0
26 n
23 0
•28 n
POSITIONS OF THE MOON FOE THE YEAE.
Apogee
23
20
19
16
13
9*
7
3
1-29
26
22
19
Highest f>
12
9
8
4
2-29
25
23
19
15
13
9
7t
Lowestw
27
23
22
19
16
11
9
6
2-30
27
23
20
of the entire year, or 57° lower at meridian passage than when highest in De-
iighest of the entire year, or 57° higher when on the meridian than when lowest
•Lowest
cember. fHigh
in June.
THE PLANETS.
Morning stars, west of the sun — Mercury.
Jan. 1-8 and Dec. 12-22, rising near the be-
ginning of twilight: Venus, after Sept. 13:
Mars, after May 9: Jupiter, from July 21 to
Nov. 10; Saturn, from Aug. 23 to Dec. 4.
Evening stars, east of the sun — Mercury.
March 12-22 and Nov. 12-22. setting near
the close of twilight: Venus, until Sept. 13:
Mars, until May 9: Jupiter, until July 21
and after Nov. 10; Saturn, until Aug. 25 and
after Dec. 4.
Brightest or best seen — Mercury, within the
time limits when an evening or a mornnig
star: Venus, Aug. 4-12 and Oct. 16-24: Mars.
not brightest but best seen at the end of the
year; Jupiter in January and December; Sat-
urn, in February.
Invisible or very dim — Mercury at all other
times than those given as an evening or morn-
ing star: Venus, Sept. 11-15: Mars, in May:
Jupiter, in July; Saturn, in August and Sep-
tember: Uranus and Neptune, always.
All-night stars or planets — Jupiter in Jan-
uary and Saturn in February.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
27
SIDEREAL NOON OB MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL, EQUINOX.
For use in connection with star table. See note under same.
Day.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Deo.
1...
H. M
5 18
IT. M.
3 16
H.M.
1 26
H.M.
11 25
H. M.
9 26
H.M.
7 24
H.M.
5 26
H.M.
3 25
H.M.
1 23
H.M.
11 21
n. M.
9 19
H.M
7 21
2
5 14
3 12
1 22
11 21
9 22
7 20
5 22
A 21
1 19
11 17
9 15
7 17
3
5 11
3 8
1 18
11 Iti
9 18
7 16
5 18
3 17
1 15
11 13
9 11
7 13
4
6 7
3 4
1 14
11 12
9 14
7 13
5 14
3 13
1 11
11 9
9 7
7 9
5.
5 3
3 0
1 10
11 8
9 10
7 9
5 11
3 9
1 7
11 5
9 3
7 5
6....
58
2 57
1 6
11 4
9 6
7 5
5 7
3 5
1 3
11 1
8 59
7 1
7....
55
2 53
1 2
11 0
9 2
7 1
5 3
3 1
0 59
10 57
8 55
6 57
8....
51
2 49
0 58
10 57
8 59
6 57
4 59
2 57
0 55
10 53
8 61
6 53
9....
47
2 45
0 54
10 53
8 55
6 53
4 55
2 53
0 51
10 49
8 47
6 49
10
43
2 41
0 51
10 49
8 51
6 49
4 51
2 49
0 47
10 45
8 43
6 45
11
39
2 37
0 47
10 45
8 47
6 45
4 47
2 45
0 43
10 41
8 40
6 42
12. ..
35
2 33
0 43
10 41
8 43
6 41
4 43
2 41
0 39
10 37
8 36
6 38
13.
31
2 29
0 39
10 y,i
8 39
6 37
4 39
2 37
0 35
10 34
8 32
6 34
14. .
27
2 25
0 35
10 33
8 35
6 33
4 35
2 33
0 32
10 30
8 28
6 30
15....
23
2 21
0 31
10 29*
8 31
6 29
4 31
2 29
0 28
10 26
8 24
6 26
16
17....
19
15
2 17
2 13
0 27
0 23
10 25
10 21
8 27
8 23
6 25
6 21
4 27
4 23
2 26
2 22
024
0 20
10 22
10 18
8 20
8 16
6 22
6 18
18....
11
2 9
0 19
10 17
8 19
6 17
4 19
2 18
0 16
10 14
8 12
6 14
19
7
2 5
0 15
10 13
8 15
6 13
4 16
2 14
0 12
10 10
8 8
6 10
20
j
2 1
0 11
10 9
8 11
6 10
4 12
2 10
0 8
10 6
8 4
6 6
21. ..
0
1 67
0 7
10 5
8 7
6 6
4 8
2 6
0 4
10 2
8 0
6 2
22....
3 55
1 54
0 3
10 1
8 3
6 2
4 4
2 2
0 O
9 58
7 56
5 58
23...
3 61
1 50
11 59
9 58
8 0
5 58
4 0
1 58
11 62
9 54
7 52
6 54
24....
3 48
1 46
11 56
9 54.
7 56
5 54
3 56
1 54
11 48
9 50
7 48
6 50
25....
3 44
1 42
11 52
9 50
7 52
5 50
3 52
1 50
11 44
9 46
7 44
5 47
26
3 40
1 38
11 48
9 46
7 48
5 46
3 48
1 46
11 40
9 42
7 40
5 43
27
3 36
1 34
11 44
9 42
7 44
5 42
3 44
1 42
11 36
9 38
7 37
5 39
28
3 32
1 30
11 40
9 38
7 40
5 38
3 40
1 ?8
11 33
9 36
7 33
5 35
29.. .
3 28
11 36
9 34
7 37
5 34
3 36
1 34
11 29
9 31
7 29
5 31
30....
3 24
11 32
9 30
7 32
5 30
S 32
1 30
11 26
9 27
7 26
5 27
31
34
A
11 28
7 29
328
1 27
923
5 23
N< a- K— Black figures are p. m. ; all others a. m.
LIGHT AND DARK OF THE MOON IN 1919.
•
Ev
MO.
Ev.
Ma
EV.
MO.
EV.
Mo
Ev
MO.
Ev.
Ma
Ev.
MO.
Ev.
MO.
Ev
Mo.
EV.
Mo.
tv.
MO.
Dec
?
Mo.
1
*
W
\
V'
MC
W
\
\
\
\
I
A
A
^
\
'
\
MC
OH
\
MC
PK
J
f
oj
1
3
*\
3
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i
\
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C1
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i
i
^
\
^
I
3
1
A
.
\
1
i
I
[
\
s
S
,{
V
5
5
3
\
A
3
<j
I
^
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J
1
fl
•
^
r\
t
1
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?
1
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5
]
5
a
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A
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s
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LL
ru .
L
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1
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ru
LL
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ru
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1
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CM
\
MO
i
1
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ru
LL
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FT.
LL
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\
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ru
a.
\
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MC
DM
\
1C
CM
\
1
-ft
C
v
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00
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s
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r
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1
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cm
ru
LL
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OH
V
i
e
ft
i
3
v
1
MO
CM
I
\
HC
C*
VH
i
1
i
!
9
1
^~
v
\
[
%
i
I
i
E
^
r
£
^*
3
\
1
1
\
V
i
fe
i
F
I
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V
^
K
\*\
y
\
s
\
\
\
V
I
t:
*
\
I
\
\
V
I
"
I
f
\
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\
\
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1C
Mr
Nt 1
( 1)
\
I
\
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1
\
\
MO
OK
s
MC D
II
23
V
t
\
\
*
w
'
ME
m
\
A
tt
\
I
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1
HD
»
\
MO
an
\
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23
3
\
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*
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26
\
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WE
* \
\
MO
M
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t7
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<M
-
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3
28
f
\
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m.
IT
MO
»
\
\
1
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I\
,f»
\
ax
*
X
\
MC
W
\
MO
X
V
\
\
JX>
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n
I
as
'
X
K
W
\
we
ON
i
1
\
\
\
Explanation: The small divisions represent
three hours each, and the lig-ht portions show
the relative amount and place of moonlig'ht
in the 12 hours from 6 p. m. to 6 a. m. Of
course, allowance must be made for the in-
crease of daylight in summer and the decrease
in winter. Thus, in January the moon will
shine until 9 p. m. on the 5th. to midnight on
the 9th, to 3 a. m. on the 12th and all night
on the 16th: also after 9 p. m. on the 20th,
after midnight on the 23d, from 3 a. m. on
the 27th and not at all on the 31st.
Atlantic coast 1.77S
Gulf const 1.607
Porto Rico 269
Pacific coast 1,571
Alaska 4,126
COAST LINE OF THE UNITED STATES.
In nautical miles.
Hawaiian Islands 628
80
20
M
Midway
Samoan Islands
Northern lakes and rivers.. 3.041
Western rivers 4.344
Total 17,539
Philippines .11.444
Grand total 28,983
28
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
THE BRIGHTEST STARS.
NAME.
Constellation
or group.
Magni-
tude.
(v.: va-
riable.)
Right
ascension.
Sidereal
time.
Declina-
tion.
For upper
meridian
passage.
Mn. time.
For rising, subtract.
For setting, add.t
For
1st.
30" N.
For
lat.
40° N.
For
lat.
50° N.
AlpheraU
Caph
Algenlb
Alpha
Schedlr
Andromeda
Cassiopeia
Pegasus
Phoenix
Cassiopeia
2.1
2.4
2.8
3.0
2.3 v
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.2
0.4
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.1v
2.6
2.6 v
1.9
3.1
1.0
0.1
0.3
1.8
2.3
1.8
2.3
2.9
0.0
2.8
0.0
2.4
-1.5
1.9
1.5
0.2
1.8
3.1
2.3
1.6
l.Ov
2.2
2.6
1.8.
l«
0.
0.2
0.2
2.9
2.2
2.3
2.7
i.'i
2.8
2.5
0.1
2.1
0.9
3.?
1.4
2 6
2.9
2.4
1.9
1.3
2.5
4.3
H. M.
0 4
0 4
0 9
0 21
0 35
0 39
0 51
1 5
1 20
1 27
1 34
1 50
1 68
2 2
2 14
2 58
3 2
3 18
3 42
4 31
5 10
5 10
5 21
5 27
5 32
5 36
5 43
5 50
5 53
6 22
6 33
6 41
6 55
7 29
7 35
7 40
8 12
9 23
10 4
10 42
10 58
11 44
12 22
12 30
13 20
13 20
13 57
14 12
14 33
14 46
14 51
15 31
15 40
16 0
16 24
16 26
17 54
18 34
18 50
19 46
20 13
20 38
21 16
21 27
21 40
22 33
22 53
23 0
23 35
Deg. Min.
4-28 36
+68 40
+14 41
-43 19
4-66 30
—18 39
+60 14
+35 9
+59 46
+88 50
—57 41
+20 22
+41 54
+23 3
— 3 26
--3 44
--40 37
--49 33
H. M.
0 3
0 4
0 8
0 21
0 35
0 38
0 50
1 4
1 19
1 24
1 34
1 49
1 67
2 1
2 13
2 56
3 0
3 18
3 41
4 29
5 9
5 9
5 19
5 26
5 30
5 36
5 42
5 49
5 51
6 21
6 31
6 40
6 54
7 27
7 33
7 38
8 10
9 21
10 1
10 39
10 56
11 42
12 19
12 27
13 18
13 18
13 54
14 9
14 30
14 43
14 48
15 28
15 37
16 67
16 20
16 23
17 51
18 30
18 46
19 43
20 9
20 35
21 12
21 23
21 3t>
21 58
22 48
22 56
23 31
H. M.
7 18
H. M.
7 52
H. M.
8 39
6 39
3 51*
9 56
5 20
6 51
2 26*
7 18
Diphda
Gamma
Cetus (whale) ...
Cassiopeia
4 53
4 36
Mirach
Delta
Andromeda
Cassiopeia
7 37
8 29
9 48
Achernar
Sheratan
Almaach
Eridanus
Aries (ram) T....
Andromeda
Aries T
Cetus
Cetus
Perseus
Perseus
1 37*
6 54
8 0
7 1
5 54
6 12
8 0
8 52
7 3
6 39
8 28
5 45
7 18
6 2
6 1
4 30
6 42
6 22
8 22
2 46*
6 44
5 25
4 51
7 30
6 17
7 17
6 27
5 45
6 34
1 3*
*
7 14
9 21
7 26
5 51
6 13
9 10
*
7 52
Mira
Menkar
Algol
Marfak
8 6
5 46
6 20
Alcyone
Aldebaran
Capella
Rlgel
Taurus (bulbv..
Taurus V
Auriga
Orion
--23 50
--16 20
--45 55
— 8 18
+28 82
-0 22
-1 15
-34 8
— 9 42
+ 7 24
+44 56
-52 39
+16 29
—16 36
-28 51
+32 5
+ 5 27
+28 15
+ 9 28
— 8 16
+12 25
-59 13
+62 14
+15 4
-62 36
-22 54
+E5 22
-10 42
-59 56
+19 39
—60 28
-15 40
+74 31
+27 1
+ 6 42
-19 34
—26 14
+21 41
+51 30
+38 42
-26 25
+ 8 38
-12 49
+44 58
+62 13
— 5 58
+ 9 28
-47 24
—30 6
+14 44
+ 59
7 29
6 58
10 14
5 31
7 52
6 2
6 1
3 37*
5 26
6 26-
9 53
*
6 59
5 r
4 7
8 11
6 19
7 50
6 33
5 31
6 44
*
8 13
7 26
' ~5"27
8 49
6 2
6 1
2 33*
5 17
6 42
BINath
Mintaka
AINilam
Phaet..:
Taurus ts
Orion
Orion
Columba(dove)..
Orion
Orion
Saiph
Betelgeuse
Menkalina
7 27
4 45
3 20
9 19
6 30
8 42
6 50
5 24
7 4
4
Alhena. ,
Gemini (twins) x
Canis Major
Cants Major
Gemini H
Sirius
Adhara
Procyon
Pollux :
Canis Minor.
Beta..
Cancer (crab) ®.
Hydra
Leo (lion) fl
Argus
Ursa Major
Leo (> .'
Southern Cross..
Corvus(crow) —
Ursa Major
Virgo (virgin) np
Alphard.
Kegulus
Eta
Dubhe
Denebola....
Acrux
Beta
6 41
1 0*
5 9
6^64
4 35
rii
4 13
gpica
5 40
1 9*
6 42
0 52*
5 27
5 23
*
7^12
5 4
5 12
7 45
4 47
Agena ,
Bengula
Alpha
Libra (scales) =.
Ursa Minor
Northern Crown.
Serpent Bearer..
Kochab
7 13
6 20
5 16
4 58
6 68
9 8
7 52
4 58
6 24
5 35
8 22
7 44
6 23
4 54
4 20
7 20
8 34
6 35
4 24
3 42
7 57
Unuk
Beta
Antares
Rutlllcus
Etamin
Vega
Scorpion in.
Hercules
Dragon
8 54
4 19
6 30
5 19
9 56
10 52
338*
6 45
4 56
Delta
Sagittarius ^ —
Bagle
Altair..»
Alpha
Deneb
Alderamin
Beta
Eni
Alpha
Cygnus (swan)...
Cephus
Aquarius -
Pegasus
5 41
6 a;
8 26*
4 46
6 39
6 16
5 43
6 38
1 21*
4 0
6 52
6 17
5 85
6^50
3 11
7 16
6 28
Fomalhaut
Pisces Austraiis.
Pegasus
Pisces x
Markab ".
Iota
Explanation: By the absolute scale of magni-
tudes stars brighter than Aldebaran and" Altair
are indicated by fractional or negative quanti-
ties: thus Vega 0.2 and Sirius —1.4. As the
magnitudes Increase the brilliancy decreases,
each increase of a unit being eaual to a decrease
or about two and one-half in brightness.
To ascertain when any star or constellation
will be on the upper meridian add the number
opposite in the column "For Meridian Passage"
to the figures in the table on the previous page,
"Sidereal Noon." takln? note whether such fig-
ures be "Morn." or "Eve." If "Morn." and the
sum is more than 1211. trie result will be KVP. of
same day; if "KVP." nnd the sum is more than
izh. the result will be Morn, of the next day
Having found the time of meridian passage, for
the rising subtract and for the setting add the
numbers opposite tde star in the column headed
"For Rising and Setting" (t) and observe the di-
rections as to Morn, and Eve. given for the
meridian passage, 'i'fiose marked ( ) in the
last columns are circumpolar. Stars having an
asterisk (*) in the last columns are to be seen
only in the far south and then when near the
meridian, as the vapors of the horizon will pre-
vent seeing them wnen tney rise or set. To tell
how high nn from the nearest point of tho hori-
zon a star will be at its meridian passage sub-
tract the star's declination from 90° nnd if the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
result Is less than the latitude of the place of
tne observer that star will neither rise nor set.
but is circumpolar, and the difference between
that result and the latitude shows the star's
altitude above the north point of the horizon or
below the southern horizon. Or (90°— dec.)— lat.
=alt. or elevation or the star above the nearest
point of the horizon at meridian passage for
stars of a southern declination. Examples:
Sidereal noon, Oct. 30, 9:27 p. m.
Fomalhaut "in JNieria." col., 22:48
32:15
Subtract, 24:00
8:15 p.m. of the 31st,
time of merid-
ian passage.
Fomalhaut rls.and set. col. add 4:00 for lat. 40° N.
12:15 = 0:15 a. m. of
Nov.l. the time
of setting.
Fomalhaut, dec. 30° S. 90° — 30" = 60°, —
40" = 20°, altitude of Fomalhaut in latitude 40'
at its meridian passage. To measure celestial
distances with the eye keep in mind that one-
tnird of the distance from the zenith to the
horizon is 30°. For smaller measurements use
the belt of Orion, 3° long, or the sides of the
square of Pegasus; the "pointers" in the "big
dipper," which are nearly 5° apart— a convenient
celt-stial yardstick because always to be seen.
In the case of a star whose dec. is such as to
bring it nearer to the zenith than to a horizon
at meridian passage, it will be more convenient
to use its zenith distance as a means of locat-
ing it. The difference between the latitude and
uec. is this zenith distance. If the dec. is
greater than the latitude then such distance is
to be counted northward, otherwise southward
from the zeuith.
STORY OF OUR WORLD FAMILY FOR A. D. 1919.
MERCURY, because of his closeness to the
sun and consequent rapid motion, is visible
only a few times in our year, as mentioned
under "Planets, Brightest." Possibly we see in
this dodging- about the reason for the adoption
of Mercury as the god erf thieves, -with wings
on his feet, messenger of the gods, his true
motion being known long before the present
era. He shows to us. with optical aid, the
phases of Venus, being slightly crescent when
at his brightest, and hence we know he shines
by reflected light, even as we do to those who
may see the earth from another planet. The
inclination of his orbit to that of our own is
such that he passes between us and the sun
(transits) at intervals of 13, 7, 10 and 3
years, the 10 year periods affording May tran-
sits and the others November. The last one
was in November, 1914, and the next will be
in May. 1924. He will be about one degree
north of Mars March 11. as they set together
about one hour after sunset. The Great
Square of Pegasus will be seen directly north
of them, and Alpheratz and Algenib — the two
eastern stars of the square — pointing directly
to them about 10° south of the latter (see
chart of the heavens). Mercury will appear
brighter and larger than Mars and of a darker
hue.
VENUS, the most glorious member, is the
next in order and will be visible the entire year,
with the exception of a few days near the mid-
dle of September, affording much pleasure as
she waxes and wanes in brilliancy, first in the
evening hours and then in the fall and winter
months as a morning star (see the table of the
planets and the chart "Visibility of the Prin-
cipal Planets" elsewhere). The accompanying
cut shows all her various phases and change
in apparent size, which features are easily
seen with slight optical aid, especially when
viewed in the daylight. -
One argument against the habitability of
Venus is that the inclination of her axis (55°)
cuts out the temperate zone and throws frigid
and torrid zones together, so that in 68 of
their days they would pass from the rigors
of winter to the heat of summer, though this
effect may.be ameliorated by the dense cloud
masses with which she is apparently enveloped.
Her itinerary among the stars is as follows:
Jan. 1, in Sagittarius, just east of the Milk-
maid's Dipper, but being at her greatest dis-
tance from the sun and earth, she will be very
dim for her: 4° south of the moon Jan. 3
and less than 1° south of Uranus Jan. 31:
only 35' south of Mare in Pisces Feb. 13,
when they will set almost at the same time.
Mars disappearing about 5 minutes ahead of
her; enters Aries the latter part of March,
when about 2 hours east of the sun, and about
10° south of the group of bright stars in the
head of the Ram, having passed about 6°
south of the moon on Feb. 2 and March 4
ir.d less than 2° south of her on April 3; in
perihelion April 29 and 3° north of the moon
May 2, having* passed just south- of the
Pleiades and north of the Hyades the middle 9!
April: close to Jupiter, 2° north. May 25, in
Gemini, with Castor and Pollux northeast of
her and Saturn about 2 hours farther east or
higher: June 1 directly south of Pollux and
6° north of the moon: in Cancer, just east of
Praesepe and 2° north of Neptune June 14.
but the moonlight will make it difficult to find
Neptune at this time: nearly 7° north of the
moon July 1 and only 10' south of Saturn
July 2, when almost at her greatest distance
Toward the Sun
•0
N
As seen in the morning As seen in the evening
west of sun. east of sun.
A. Fifteen days before superior conjunction
with the sun (not this year).
B. At greatest elongation west of the sun,
Nov. 23. 1919.
C. When brightest as a morning star, Oct. 15
to 25. 1919.
D. Just after inferior conjunction with the
sun. Sept. 15 to 20, 1919.
E. Fifteen days after superior conjunction
with the sun (not this year) in December,
1918.
F. At greatest elongation east of the sun,
early in July, 1919.
G. When brightest as an evening- star, Aug.
3 to 13. 1919.
H. Just before inferior conjunction with the
sun, Sept. 1 to 10, 1919.
past of the sun. 45° (see chart "Visibility of
the Planets") and the brilliant Regulus, at the
end of the handle of the Sickle in Leo. only
about 2° southeast of them. This makes a
magnificent trio of celestial objects, all within
the field of small glasses, making it possible
to compare them; note the great triangle they
form with Arcturus and Spica, right angles
at the latter. The closest approach of the
planets will be about 9 p. m. — an hour before
setting — and the telescope will show Venus as
at F in the preceding- illustration, as well as
30
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
the ring's of Saturn and the companion to
Regulus. Venus' increase in brightness will
be very marked from this on to her maxi-
mum Augr. 8, appearing1 then as at G and
being about 25° nearer ( the sun than when
most distant the first 'part of July. Her
eastward- motion will diminish rapidly until she
becomes nearly stationary and at aphelion
Aug. 19, after which she will retrograde as
long as she is visible (appearing as in H) in
the evening twilight. She passes directly be-
tween the earth and sun Sept. 13, being in-
visible lor a few days before and after that
date, and when next visible she will be a
morning star, west of the sun. She has been
photographed within one day of inferior con-
junction, when only a fine threadlike crescent
is shown, but. of course, the direct sun rays
were shut out. After her conjunction she will
continue her retrograde motion, but more
slowly, until again stationary Oct. 2, after
which she will advance eastward the remain-
der of the year, reaching her point of greatest
brilliancy Oct. 20, when in the middle of Leo
and close to the moon (2° north). A tele-
scopic view of Venus at this time will cause
the novice to think the crescent moon is in the
field, so alike will they appear. Their near-
est approach will be when both are below the
horizon; again on Nov. 18 the moon will pass
her 5° to the south, and she will attain her
greatest distance west of the sun (46° 44')
Nov. 23, and on the last of November only
4%° north of the brilliant Spica Virginia: 4"
north of the moon Dec. 18, with the Square
of Libra just west of them, and ends the year
still in L^bra.
MARS will not be at his average best
within the year and not until the fall and
winter months will he be even attractive, be-
ing invisible in May, in conjunction with the
sun, and dim for weeks before and after that
time. When first visible, after his conjunc-
tion with the sun May 9, as a morning star,
he will be in the middle of Taurus, with the
Hyades just west of him. He passes Irom
Taurus into Gemini July 8, and by Aug. 10
reaches a position directly between 'Procyon,
in Canis Minor and Pollux and within about
10° of the latter, being 5° north of the moon
Aug. 23 and in close conjunction with Jupi-
ter Sept. 2. being 41' north of him, and close
to the Praesepe in the body of the Crab.
Praesepe is a large cluster of dim stars ap-
pearing as a nebula to the naked eye, and
which has often been mistaken for a comet.
This very near approach of these planets in
the morning sky will be a pretty sight, as
they will rise almost at the same time. Mars
appearing first at about 2:40 a. m. It will
repay early risings. About 1° north of Nep-
tune Sept. 7, but the moonlight will make the
seeing poor, and it will not be worth one's
time to try to see Neptune at this time. He
will be about 6° north of the moon Sept. 21,
Oct. 19. Nov. 17 and Dec. 15. On Oct. 7 he
will pass less than 1° north of Regulus or
Cor Leonis. the Heart of the Lion, keeping
near that npble star and asterism for many
days, affording a very pleasing sight from
about 3 a. m. till lost in the morning twi-
light. He will almost eclipse Saturn Oct. 24,
passing- only 5' north of the ringed planet, so
that they will appear almost as a great double
star, both rising at 2 a. m. in the north and
about 10 minutes later in the south: passes
from Leo to Virgo the last of November, and
at the end of the year will be about 5° north
of Spica Virginis, and almost at his brightest.
JUPITER will be at his very best, outshin-
ing Mars when at his best, the first of the
year, rising at sunset and shining all night in
Cremmi, where he makes the apex of a fine
isosceles triang-le with Castor and Pollux, just
to the northeast of him. Castor, the most
northern of the two, is the greatest double
star of the heavens — a' binary — and the greater
companion being separable from the primary
with the aid of small glasses, or. as some
claim, by the naked eye at its best, when
looking out from a dark room with no moon-
light or artificial light to hinder. His close
conjunction with Venus May 25 and Mars
Sept. 2 was mentioned under those heads.
While Jupiter is the giant of our family, his
day is the shortest, about 10 hours, and his
year about 12 of ours-^so he will only
traverse about one sign in a year, and at
the end of this year he will be about 10°
west of the Sickle, in Leo. The moon will
pass him Jan. 15, Feb. 11, March 10, April 6
and May 4, all about 2° to the south. He
will be dim in June, invisible in July and dim
again in August, having been in conjunction
with the sun July 21. As a morning star he
will be first well visible in September, and
will be in conjunction with the moon Sept. 20.
Oct. 18. Nov. 14 and Dec. 11. in all of which
he will be about 6° north of the moon.
The possessor of a small telescope always
finds it pleasurable to watch the phenomena
of his major moons as they pass into or out
of his shadow, behind him (occultation) or
across his face (transit). It was these phe-
nomena that first gave mankind a knowledge
of the velocity of light — the supposed error
in predicted times of events varied some 16
minutes .38 seconds, according to whether the
observation was made at or near conjunction
with the sun or at or near opposition, or at
points separated by the diameter of the earth's
orbit, hence one-half of that difference must
represent the time a ray of light requires to
traverse 93.000.000 miles — roughly 93,000,-
000-^500 or 186.000. Now we reverse the
process, finding- the velocity of light experi-
mentally and then compute the sun's distance
as 92,979.000 miles, taking 186,330 miles as
the velocity of light per second.
SATURN will be bright in January and
March and an all night star, and brightest
in February, rising at and near sunset. He
will decrease in brilliancy and in angular dis-
tance from the sun until lost in the evening
twilight the latter part of July; reaches con-
junction with the sun Aug. 25, when he be-
comes a morning star, being dim in October
and 90° west of the sun Dec. 4, when he
qualifies as an evening star again.
By comparing the positions of Saturn and
Jupiter for the past few years, as given in
this story, the reader will perceive that these
two leviathans of the heavens are steadily
approaching and they will, in fact, come into
conjunction in 1921. when some believe great
happenings will take place in consequence.
He will be in Eastern Cancer and Western
Leo throughout the year and close to that
striking group known as the Sickle, being only
1" north of the lucida of that asterism— Reg-
ulus—the latter part of July, setting about 9
p. m. with Venus a few degrees farther east
or higher up, making a very pretty combina-
tion (see under Venus for July 2. when these
planets will be so close as almost to blend
into one). His conjunctions with the moon
will not be close, being about 7° north of
her. as follows: Jan. 18, Feb. 15, March 14.
April 10. May 7. June 4 and July 6 as eve-
ning star, and Sept. 21, Oct. 19, Nov. 16 and
Dec. 13 (see under Mars Oct. 24. when he will
almost suffer an eclipse by Mars).
His rings are fast working into an edgewise
position with respect to our line, of vision,
which, when accomplished, will render them
invisible except in the most powerful tele-
scopes, which will be the case in three years
more.
URANUS AND NEPTUNE— By such of our
readers as possess telescopes o. moderate
power these most distant members may be
seen, but to make sure the close proximity of
some other planet or a star is very desirable
or absolutely necessary, and siich an oppor-
tunity is not well afforded this year at or
near the time when they will be at their
brightest.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
31
ECLIPSES
There will be three eclipses this year, as fol-
I. Total of the sun May 29. invisible in
North America: visible in South America, in
southern Atlantic and Africa.
II. Partial of the moon Nov. 7, very small,
only about one-sixth of her southern limb be-
ing- obscured at 6:44 p. m.. eastern standard
time, or 5:44 p. m., central time.
III. Annular of the sun Nov. 22. More or
less of the partial phase will be visible in the
United States of America east of a line from ,
IN 1019.
near Santa Barbara, Cal.. to near Helena,
Mont., and everywhere between this line and
one from near Apalachicola, Fla.. to Detroit,
Mich., the sun will rise more or less eclipsed,
mainly upon the southern limb. The annular
or ring1 phase will be visible through central
Texas, over a belt a"bout 200 miles in width,
extending: from Galveston, Houston, Austin
and San Antonio to near the southeast corner
of New Mexico, as shown on the annexed map.
AS Wmim fi£tff^fi§M!&fc '
^R-1?y^ ^ra^'^j
^OT2^^
ANNULAR ECLIPSE OF THE SUN NOV. 22, 1919?
Explanation: The time of beginning1 and end
i» given in central standard time. Add 1
hour for eastern time. The size is expressed
in tenths. 10 being- the annular or greatest.
Thus, at Chicag-o. the end will be at 9 :06 a. m.
and the greatest size 5.5, or a trifle more than
one-half, and upon the southern limb of the
sun. At New York city the eclipse will beg-in
at 6:42 a. m., end at 9:25 a. m., and the
size will be 4.5, 9r a trifle less than one-half,
when greatest, midway between the beginning
and end. or at 8:04 a. m. Between the line
A-O, where the eclipse ends at sunrise, and
B-C, where the middle or greatest eclipse oc-
curs at sunrise, the eclipse will be decreasing-
at sunrise, while east of B-C to D-E it will be
increasing at sunrise. The reader will under-
stand that the beginning- times given, east of
F-E, are to be increased by 1 hour where
eastern time is desired, north of Charleston.
Thus, anyone knowing- his approximate geo-
graphical location in any state may know,
almost at a glance, all the details of the
eclipse, near enough for all practical pur-
poses. South of the annular belt the partial
phase will be upon the sun's northern limb
and north of it upon the southern.
FACTS ABOUT THE SUN AND PLANETS.
The sun's surface Is 12,000 and its volume
1,300.000 times that of the earth, but the mass is
only 332,000 times as great and its density about
one-quarter that of the earth. The force of
gvavlty at the surface of the sun Is twenty-seven
times greater than that at the surface of the
earth. The sun rotates on its axis once in 25.3
days at th<» equator, hnt the time is longer In
tlw» higher latitudes, from which fact it is pre-
sumed that the sun is not solid, at least as to
its surface.
THE EARTH AND THE MOON.
•, S?rth~T?e e(luatorial diameter of the earth Is
7,926.5 miles and the polar diameter 7.899 5
miles; equatorial circumference, 25,000. The lin-
ear velocity of the rotation of the earth on its
axis at the equator Is 24,840 miles a day or 1 440
reet a second; its velocity in its orbit around
the sun is approximately nineteen miles a sec-
ond, the length of the orbit being about 660.000.-
000 miles. The superficial area of the earth,
according to Encke, the astronomer, is 197,108.580
square miles, of which two-thirds is water and
one-third land. The planetary mass is about
256,000,000 cubic miles.
Moon— The moon has a diameter of 2,162 miles,
a circumference of about 6,800 miles and a sur-
face area of 14,685,000 square miles. Her mean
distance from the earth Is 238,840 miles. The
volume of the moon is about l-49th that of the
earth and the density about 3% that of water.
The time from new moon to new moon Is 29
days 12 hours 44.05 minutes. The moon has no
atmosphere and no water and is a dead world.
Light travels at the rate of 186.300 miles per
second. It requires 8 minutes and 8 seconds for
Name.
Sun
Diameter,
miles.
866,400
Distance from Period of
Bun, miles. rev.,daji
Mercury
3,030
36 000.000 88
7,700
67,200,000 225
Earth
7,918
92,900 000 365
4,230
141,500,000 687
86 500
483,300,000 4,333
73,000
886,000,000 10,759
31 900
1,781,900.000 30,687
Nentune ..
.. 34,800
2.791,600,000 60.181
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
VISIBILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, 1919.
Explanation: The light spaces represent
one hour of time or 15 degrees of arc and
show the approximate time and extent of visi-
bility, and, with the superior planets, the de-
gree of brilliancy also. Thus, Venus will be
about three hours or 45° east of the sun
early in July, setting correspondingly after the
•un. Jupiter will be 180° or twelve hours
from the sun at the beginning of the year,
and he must at this time, therefore, rise at
sunset, making him an "all-night star." Sat-
urn passes from the east to the west of the
sun, becoming a morning star, in August, and
ceases to be such early in December when 90°
west of the sun.
SIGNS AND CONSTELLATIONS OF THE ZODIAC.
Until recently It was taken for granted that
the present relationship between signs and con-
stellations of the zodiac was generally under-
stood, as all astronomical textbooks mention
tneir disagreement and explain the cause. The
numerous letters of inquiry concerning differ-
ences between the data in this almanac and cer-
tain others show the necessity for this note of
explanation. (Both sign and constellation now
given. )
Thousands of years ago when the zodiac, that
bolt of the heavens about 16° in width within
which move the moon and planets, was formed
and divided into twelve parts or seasons called
signs, each containing certain star groups called
constellations, each was given the name of an
object or animal which never did bear any rela-
tionship to the configuration of the stars in that
group or division, but which did or is supposed
to have reference to certain astronomical or
other facts. Thus Libra «» , the scales or bal-
ance, comes at the autumnal equinox when there
is an equilibrium or balance between the length
of day and night the world over. Aaunrlus.
• , the water-bearer, whose sign Is the Egyptian
sign for running water, comes at the season
of greatest rains in Bcypt, and so on.
Since the time when these divisions were made
and named, owing to the precession of the equi-
noxes, resulting from the differing polar and
equatorial diameters of the earth, the signs have
moved back west nearly a whole division or con-
stellation and where T was the first, X now is.
Hence, though the sun now enters the sign T
March 20. it is a month later when he enters the
constellation T . It must be apparent, therefore,
that any supposed influence or relationship which
early astrologers attributed to the position of
the sun, moon or planets when in certain of
these divisions can no longer exist, as the sign
now only represents that space or division of th<>
zodiac where the controlling constellation was
2,000 or niore years ago, but is not now. Never-
theless, some almanacs still give the signs for
the moon's place, which is very misleading to
those who attempt to follow her in her course
among the stars. Hence, this almanac gives
both and discards the ancient picture of the
disemboweled man as a relic of the age of super-
stition. The sign is retained for sun's place
In connection with the seasons and sun's path
through the zodiac each month because of Its re-
lationship to the equinoxes and solstices.
HUNTER'S AND HARVEST MOON.
The full moon nearest to Sent. 21 is popularly
known as the "harvest moon. This Is because
the moon then rises for several consecutive eve-
nings at nearly the same hour, giving an nn-
nsual number of moonlight evenings. This is the
most noticeable in the higher latitudes and quite
disappears at the equator.
The "hunter's moon" is the first full moon
following the harvest moon.
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOBC FOR 1919.
33
THE WONDERFUL NEW EAGLE STAR.
On or about the time of the total eclipse
of the sun June 8 there appeared a very
bright star in the Eagle, where none had been
visible before. It was first seen and reported
by Prof. Charles P. Oliver of the Leander
BrJcCormick observatory. University of Vir-
ginia, who is at the head of the American
Metepric society, and who was, no doubt, out
gunning for shooting stars when this big game
came his way.
Those who profess to read the destinies of
men and peoples by the stars may find in the
synchronizing of these two events a finger
pointing to the ascendancy of this country of
ours, whose emblem is the Eagle, together
with its allies, of course, and the eclipse of
the powers that have sought to dim or ex-
tinguish the "Light of the World."
This star. Nova Aquilse of the astronomers,
speedily became an active competitor of the
great Dog Star, Sirius, for the honor of the
premiership of the nprthern heavens. Prior to
this outburst of luminosity it was of the very
dimmest, and only to be seen by the most
powerful optical aid, as it appears on the
telescopic negatives of the Harvard observa-
tory. In a few days it grew in brilliancy
some 10.000 times. It may be easily picked
UP by the amateur and identified by the fact
that a prolongation to the right of the long
arm or upright of the Great Cross, that lies
in the Milky Way, will hit it very nearly. It
also forms a very conspicuous "L" with the
brilliant Vega Lyrae at the top and Altair of
the Eagle at the angle.
That portion of the heavens where this star
is situated reaches the meridian about midway
between the zenith and horizon about mid-
night July 1. rising six hours earlier and set-
ting the same time later, as it is near the
equator of the heavens. For each month later
subtract two hours and add the same for
each previous month, or one hour every fif-
teen days or thirty minutes a week.
Many similar stars have appeared at long,
irregular intervals. They all last a few years
and gradually return to their original dimness.
The last preceding one was in 1901, in Perseus,
which was the most important one for sev-
eral hundred years, but which was inferior
to this one. Only one or pos1" jiy two in all
history have exceeded this one in brilliancy.
One in 1604 was plainly visible to the naked
eye in broad daylight.
Seeking an explanation of this remarkable
phenomenon we have but to look at our sun
during a total eclipse, when the great jets
of burning hydrogen gas are projected vast
distances into space, forming an irregular
corona or crown. This fierce conflagration
is caused by the force of the impact of count-
less meteoric bodies, transformed into heat —
a form of motion. If the new star is the
center of a system of planets, as is our eun.
all life was destroyed when this outburst
took place. Perhaps this is the method of
the "sudden death" in I. Thess. 5:1-3.
Thus do we now receive the knowledge of
an occurrence that took place away back in
the earliest dawning of history by a messenger
(light waves) traveling at the inconceivable
speed of 186,000 miles in a second of time!
APPROXIMATE VALUE
U.S.
Coin. Country. «quiv»ient
Archefri (gold) Persia $.095
Argentina (gold) Argentine Republic... 4.820
Balboa (gold) Panama 1.000
Bolivar (silver) Venezuela 193
Boliviano (silver) Bolivia 389
Gash (copper China 006
Cent China 005
Centavo (copper) Mexico 005
Centime (copper) France 002
Colon (gold) Costa Rica 465
Condor (gold) Colombia 10.000
Condor (gold) Chile 7.300
Condor (gold) Ecuador 4.900
Cordova (gold) Nicaragua 1.000
Crown (silver) Austria 203
Crown (silver) Denmark 268
Crown (silver) Great Britain 1.220
Crown (silver) Norway 268
Crown (silver) Sweden 268
Dinar (gold) Serbia 193
Dinero (silver) Peru 050
Dollar (gold) British Honduras 1.000
Dollar (gold) Newfoundland 1.014
Dollar (gold) British possessions... 1.000
Dollar (gold) Colombia 1.000
Dollar (gold) Liberia 1.000
Dollar (gold) Straits Settlements... .567
Dollar (silver) China 475
Dollar (gold) Santo Domingo 1.000
Drachma (silver) Greece 193
Escudo (gold) Portugal 1.080
Farthing (copper) Great Britain 005
Florin (silver) Austria 400
Florin (silver) Great Britain 490
Florin (gold) Netherlands 402
Franc (silver) France 193
Franc (gold) Belgium 193
Franc (gold) Switzerland 193
Gourde (silver) Haiti 965
Guinea (gold) Great Britain 5.040
Gulden (silver) Austria 480
Heller (silver) Austria 004
Kopeck (copper) Russia 005
Kran (silver) Persia 091
Krone (see crown).
Leu (silver) Roumanla 193
OF FOREIGN COINS.
Coin. Country. «quiT«ient
Libra (gold) Peru $4.865
Lira (silver) Italy 193
Lira (gold) Turkey 4.400
Mark (silver) Germany 238
Mark (gold) Finland 193
Medjidie (gold) Turkey 880
Milreis (gold) Brazil 546
Milreis (gold) Portugal 1.080
Napoleon (gold) France 3.860
Onlik (silver) Turkey 400
Ore (copper) Scandinavia 0025
Para (silver) Turkey 001
Penny (copper) Great Britain 020
Perper (gold) Montenegro 203
Peseta (silver) Spain 193
Peso (gold) Argentine Republic... .965
Peso (gold) Chile 365
Peso (gold) Colombia 1.000
Peso (gold) Cuba 910
Peso (silver) Guatemala 398
Peso (silver) Honduras 398
Peso (silver) Salvador 398
Peso (silver) Mexico 498
Peso (silver) Paraguay 398
Peso (gold) Philippines 500
Peso (gold) Uruguay 1.034
Pfennig (copper) Germany 0025
Piaster (silver) Cochin China 550
Piaster (silver) Cyprus 030
Piaster (silver) turkey .044
Pound (gold) Egypt 4.943
Pound (gold) Great Britain 4.865
Ruble (gold) Russia 515
Rupee (silver) India 324
Scudo (gold, silver)... Italy 950
Sen (copper) Japan 005
Shilling (silver) Great Britain 240
Sixpence (silver) Great Britein 120
Sol (silver) Peru 490
Soldo (copper) Italy 010
Sovereign (gold) Great Britain 4.866
Sucre (gold) Ecuador 487
Tael (customs, silver) .China 828
Tical (silver) Siam 370
Ten (silver) Japan 498
34
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES USED IN THE UNITED STATES. ,
LONG MEASURE.
12 inches = 1 foot.
3 feet = 1 yard = 36 inches.
5% yards = 1 rod = 16% feet.
40 rods = 1 furlong = 660 feet.
8 furlong's = 1 mile = 5.280 feet.
MARINERS' MEASURE.
6 feet = 1 fathom.
120 fathoms = 1 cable length.
7% cable lengths = 1 mile.
5.280 feet = 1 statute mile.
6,080 feet = 1 nautical mile.
3 marine miles = 1 marine league.
LIQUID MEASURE.
4 gills = 1 pint. I 4 quarts = 1 gallon
2 pints = 1 quart. I 31 % gallons= 1 barrel
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 square inches = 1 square foot.
9 square feet = 1 square yard.
30 % square yards = 1 square rod.
160 square rods = 1 acre.
640 acres = 1 square mile.
36 square miles = 1 township.
CUBIC MEASURE.
1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot.
27 cubic ieet = 1 cubic yard.
128 cubic feet = 1 cord of wood or stone.
1 gallon contains 231 cubic inches.
1 bushel contains 2.150.4 cubic inches.
A cord of wood is 8 Ieet long. 4 feet wide and
4 feet high.
DRY MEASURE.
2 pints = 1 quart. I 4 pecks = 1 bushel.
8 quarts = 1 peck. I 196 lbs.flour=l barrel.
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes = 1 degree,
360 degrees = 1 circle.
1 degree = 60 geographic miles.
1 geographic mile = 1.1527 statute miles
1 degree of the equator= 69.124 statute miles.
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
20 grains = 1 scruple. I 8 drams = 1 ounce.
3 scruples= 1 dram. | 12 ounces = 1 pound.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
16 ounces= 1 pound.
2,000 Ibs = 1 short ton.
2,240 Ibs = 1 long: ton.
27 11-32
grains = 1 dram.
16 drams = 1 ounce.
TROY WEIGHT.
24 grains — 1 pennyweight.
20 pennyweights = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
TIME MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute 24 hours = 1 day.
60 minutes = 1 hour. 365 days = 1 year.
100 years = 1 century.
CLOTH MEASURE.
2 % inches = 1 nail. I 4 nails = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 yard.
MISCELLANEOUS.
3 inches = 1 palm. I 6 inches = 1 span.
4 inches = 1 hand. | 18 inches = 1 cubit.
21.8 inches = 1 bible cubit.
2 % feet = 1 military pace.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7.92 inches = 1 link. 4 rods = 1 chain.
25 links = 1 rod. I 10 chains = 1 furlong
8 furlongs = 1 mile.
COUNTING.
12 things = 1 dozen. I 12 gross = 1 great gr.
12 dozen = 1 gross. 1 20 things = 1 score.
STATIONERS' TABLE.
24 sheets = 1 quire.
20 quires = 1 ream.
2 reams = 1 bundle.
5 bundles -•= 1 bale.
SIZES OF BOOKS.
Pages.Leaves. Sheet.
Folio 421
Quarto (4to) 841
Octavo (8vo.) 16 8 1
Duodecimo (12mo.) 24 12 1
Octodecimo (18mo.) 36 18 1
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
The metric system is in general use in all
the principal nations of Europe and America
with the exception of Great Britain, Russia
and the United States, where it is authorized
but not compulsory. Its use for scientific pur-
poses is common throughout the world.
Weights.
Milligram (.001 gram) = .0154 grain.
Centigram (.01 gram) = .1543 grain.
Decigram (.1 gram) = 1.5432 grains.
Gram = 15.432 grains.
Decagram (10 grams) = .3527 ounce.
Hectogram (100 grams) = 3.5274 ounces.
Kilogram (1,000 grams) = 2.2046 pounds.
Myriagram (10.000 grams) = 22.046 pounds.
Quintal (100.000 grams) = 220.46 pounds.
Millier or tonneau — ton (1.000,000 grams)
= 2,204.6 pounds.
Dry.
Milliliter (.001 liter)
Centiliter (.01 liter)
Deciliter (.1 liter)
Liter
Decaliter (10 liters)
Hectoliter (100 liters)
Kiloliter (1,000 liters)
Liquid.
Milliliter (.001 liter) =
Centiliter (.01 liter) =
Deciliter (.1 liter) =
Liter =
Decaliter (10 liters) =
Hectoliter (100 liters) =
Kiloliter (1.000 liters)
Length.
Millimeter (.001 meter)
Centimeter (.01 meter)
Decimeter (.1 meter)
Meter.
Decameter (10 meters)
Hectometer (100 meters)
Kilometer (1.000 meters)
.061 cubic inch.
.6102 cubic inch.
6.1022 cubic inches.
.908 quart.
quarts.
bushels.
cubic yards.
= 9.08
= 2.838
= 1.308
.0388 fluid ounce.
.338 fluid ounce.
= .845 gill.
= 1.0567 quarts.
= 2.6418 gallons.
= 26.418 gallons.
= 264.18 gallons.
= .0394 inch.
= .3937 inch.
= 3.937 inches.
= 39.37 inches.
= 393.7 inches.
= 328 ft. 1 in.
=» .62137 mile
(3,280 ft. 10 in.)
Myriameter (10,000 meters) = 6.2137 miles.
Surface.
Centare (1 square meter) = 1.550 sq. in.
Are (100 square meters) = 119.6 sq. yds.
Hectare (10.000 sq. meters) = 2.471 acres.
METRIC CONVERSION TABLES.
Centimeters. Inches.
1 0.393
2 0.787
3 : 1.181
4 1.574
5 1.968
6 2.362
7 2.755
8 3.149
9 3.543
10 3.937
Inches. Centimeters.
1 2.540
2 5.080
3 7.620
4 10.160
5 12.700
6 15.240
7 17.780
8 20,320
9 22.860
10 25.400
Meters. Feet.
1 3.280
2 6.561
3 9.842
4 13.123
5 16.404
6 19.684
7 22.965
8 26.246
9 29.527
10 32.808
Feet. Meters.
1 0.304
2 0.609
3 0.914
4 1.219
5 1.524
6 1.828
7 2.133
8 2.436
9 2.742
10 3.048
Meters. Yards.
1 1.093
2 2.187
3 3.280
4 4.374
5 5.463
6 6.561
7 7.655
8 8.749
9 9.842
10 10.936
Yards. Meters.
1 0.914
2 1.829
3 2.743
4 3.657
5 4.571
6 5.486
7 6.400
8 7.315
9 8.229
10 9.143
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
35
Kilometers
1
Miles.
.. 0.621
Square
yards.
3
Square
meters.
.. 2.508
Centigrams. Grains.
6 0925
Cubic
yards.
1
Cubic
meters.
0 764
2
. 1.243
7
.. 1.080
3
. 1.864
4...
.. 3.344
8
1.234
.1 529
4
. 2.486
5.
.. 4.181
9...
.. 1 388
3
2 293
5...
.. 3.106
6
.. 5.017
10
1.542
4
3 058
6
.. 3.728
7
.. 5.853
Grains.
1
Centigrams.
6.479
12.959
5
3 822
7
8
4.349
4.971
8
9
6.689
7.525
6
7
4.587
5.351
10
Miles.
1
2
3
, 6.213
Kilometers.
1.609
3.218
4.827
Square
kilometers.
1
2
3
Square
miles.
0.386
0.772
1.158
3...
4
5
6
7
8
19.439
25.919
32.399
38.879
45.359
51.839
9
10
Cubic
meters.
6.116
6.881
7.645
Cubic
feet.
5
6
7
g
8.046
9.655
11.265
...12.874
4
5
6
7
g
1.544
1.930
2.316
2.702
3 088
9
10
Grams.
1
58.319
64.798
Ounces (av.)
0 035
r>
3
4
5
.... 70.629
....105.943
....141.258
176 572
9
14.483
9
3.474
2
0.070
6
....211.887
Square Square
centimeters. inches.
1 0.155
0.310
3 0.465
4 0.620
5 0.775
6 0.930
7 1.085
8 1.240
9 1.395
10 1.650
Square Square
inches. centimeters.
1 6.452
1 9. nna
10
Square
miles.
1
r>
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hectares.
1
2
3.860
Square
kilometers.
.. 2.592
, ,, 5.184
, 7.776
10.368
12.960
15.552
18.144
20.736
23.328
!..! 25.920
Acres.
2.471
4.942
4
0.105
0 140
8
247.201
282 516
5
n 17R
9
6 0.211
7 0.246
8 0.282
9 0.317
10 0.352
Ounces (av.) Grams.
1 28.349
2 56.699
3 85.048
4 113.398
5 141.747
6 170.097
7 198.446
8 9.9.K 7-Qfi
10
Cubic
feet.
1
2...
3...
4...
5
6
7
8
9
10
353.144
Cubic
meters.
0.028
0.056
0.084
0.113
0.141
0.169
0.198
0.226
0.254
0.283
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Square
meters.
1
2
3
4
19.354
25.806
32.257
38.709
45.160
51.612
58.063
64.514
Square
feet.
10.764
21.528
,32.292
43.055
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Acres.
1
2
3
4
5
g
.... 9.844
12.355
15.552
17.297
19.769
22.240
,,.24.711
Hectares.
0.404
,,, 0.809
1.214
1.618
2.023
2 428
9
10
Kilograms
t>
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Pounds.
1
2
3
255.145
282.796
Pounds.
2.204
4.409
. 6.613
8.818
11.023
13.227
15.432
17.636
19.841
22.046
Kilograms
, , , 0.453
0.907
1.360
Liters.
(liquid)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Quarts,
(liquid)
2
Quarts,
(liquid)
1.056
2.113
3.170
4.226
5.283
6.341
7.396
8.453
9.510
10.566
Liters,
(liquid)
0.946
1.892
5
6
7
53.819
64.583
75.347
7
8
9
2.832
3.237
3.642
9
10
Square
feet.
1
96.874
107.638
Square
meters.
.. 0.092
10
Cubic
meters.
1
4.046
Cubic
yards.
1.307
4
5
6
7
1.814
2.267
2.721
3.175
3
4
5
6
2.839
3.785
4.731
5.678
2
3
4
2.615
3.923
5.231
8
9
10
3.628
4.082
4.534
7
8
9
6.624
7.570
8.572
2
0.185
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.371
0.464
0.557
0.650
0.742
0.836
0 928
5
6
7
8
. 9
10
Cubic
, , 6.539
, , 7.847
9.155
, 10.463
11.771
13.079
Cubic
Metric
tons.
1
2
3
4
5
Long-
tons.
0.984
1.968
2.952
3.936
4.921
Hectoliters
1
2
3
4
5
9.463
Bushels.
2.837
5.675
8.513
11.350
Square
meters.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Square
yards.
1.196
2.392
3.588
4.784
5.980
7.176
8.372
.... 9.568
yards.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
meters.
0.764
1.529
2.293
3.058
4.587
5.351
6.116
6.881
7 645
6
7
8
9
10
Long:
tons.
1
3
5.905
6.889
7.873
8.857
„. ... 9.842
Metric
tons.
1.016
2.032
3.048
6
7
8
9
10
Bushels.
1
0
3
..,, 17.026
.... 19.864
.... 22.701
.... 25.396
28.376
Hectoliters.
0.352
0.704
1.057
9
10
Square
yards.
1...
10.764
11.960
Square
meters.
. 0 836
Centigrams
1
3...
Grains.
0.154
0.308
.. 0.463
5
6
7
8
9...
5.080
6.096
7.112
8.128
. 9 144
5
6
7
8
9..., ....
1.761
..... 2.114
2.466
2.819
3.171
4 ..
.. 0 617
2...
.. 1.672
5...
.. 0.771
10...
...10.160
10...
.. 3.523
36
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Metric Equivalents.
1 grain = 0.06480 gram.
1 ounce = 28.3495 grams.
1 pound = 0.45359 kilogram.
1 dram(apoth.) = 3.6967 grams.
1 scruple (apoth.) = 1.2322 grams.
1 quart (dry) = 1.1012 liters.
1 peck (dry) = 8.8098 liters.
1 bushel = 0.35239 hectoliter.
1 quart (liq.) = 0.94636 liter.
1 gallon = 3.78543 liters.
1 inch = 25.4001 millimeters.
1 inch = 2.54001 centimeters.
1 inch = 0.0254 meter.
1 foot = 0.3048 meter.
1 yard = 0.9144 meter.
1 miie = 1.6093 kilometers.
1 sq inch = 645.16 sq. millimeters.
1 sq. foot = 0.0929 sq. meter.
1 sq. yard = 0.8361 sq. meter.
1 sq. mile = 2.5900 sq. kilometers.
1 acre = 0.4017 hectare.
1 cubic inch = 16.387 cu. millimeters.
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meter.
1 cubic yard = 0.7645 cubic meter.
CONVERSION FIGURES.
To reduce Multiply by
Millimeters to inches .04
Centimeters to inches -4
Meters to ieet 3.3
Meters to yards „„£•!
Kilometers to yards 1093. b
Kilometers to miles .62
Inches to millimeters 25.4
Inches to centimeters 2.54
Feet to meters .3
Yards to meters .9
Yards to kilometers .0009
Miles to meters .1609
Miles to kilpmeters 1.6
Square millimeters to square inches .0015
Square centimeters to square inches .155
•Square meters to square Ieet 10.76
Square meters to square yards 1.2
Square inches to square millimeters 645.
Square inches to square centimeters 6.45
Square feet to square meters .09
Square yards to square meters .83
•Cubic centimeters to cubic inches. . .06
Cubic meters to cubic feet 35.3
•Cubic meters to cubic yards 1.3
•Cubic meters to gallons 220.
Liters to gallons .22
Liters to cubic feet .035
Liters of water to P9unds 2.2
-Cubic inches to cubic centimeters. . 16.4
Cubic feet to liters 28.3
Cubic feet to cubic meters .03
•Cubic feet to gallons 6.2
Cubic feet of water to pounds 62.27
•Cubic yards to cubic meters .76
Gallons to liters 4.5
Gallons to cubic meters .0045
Gallons to cubic feet .16
Gallons of water to pounds 10.
Pounds of water to gallons .1
Pounds of water to cubic feet .016
Pounds of water to liters .454
Milligrams to grains .015
Grams to grains 15.4
Grams to ounces .035
Kilograms to ounces 35.3
Kilograms to pounds 2.2
Kilograms to cwt .02
Kilograms to tons .001
•Grains to milligrams 64.8
Grains to grams .65
Ounces to grams 28.35
Pounds to grams 453.6
Pounds to grains troy 7000.
Pounds to kilograms .45
Cwt. to kilograms 50.8
Tons to kilograms 1016.
Grams per sq. cm. to pounds per
_sq. in .014
-Kilograms per sq. mm. to pounds
per sq. in 1422.
To reduce Multiply by
Kilograms per sq. cm. to pounds
per sq. in 14.2
Kilograms per sq. cm. to tons per
sq. ft .9
Pounds per sq. in. to grams per
sq. cm 70.3
Pounds per sq. in. to kilograms per
sq. cm .07
Tons per sq. ft. to kilograms per
sq. cm 1.09
Pounds per sq. in. to tons per
sq. ft .064
Tons per sq. ft. to pounds per sq. in. 15.5
Pounds per sq. in. to head of
water (meters) .7
Pounds per sq. in. to head of water
(feet) 2.3
Tons per sq. ft. to head of water
(meters) 10.7
Tons per sq. ft. to head of water
(feet) 36.
Head of water (meters) to pounds
per sq. in 1.4
Head of water (meters) to tons per
sq. ft 09
Head of water (feet) to pounds per
sq. in .43
Head of water (feet) to tons per
sq. ft .027
Atmosphere to pounds per sq. in.... 14.7
Atmosphere to tons per sq. ft .94
Pounds per sq. in. to atmospheres. . .07
Tons per sq. ft. to atmospheres 1.06
Dynes per sq. cm. to grains per
sq. in .1
Grains per sq. in. to dynes per sq.
cm 9.8
Foot pounds to J9ules 1.35
Foot pounds to kilogrammeters .14
Kilogrammeters to foot pounds 7.2
Kilogrammeters to pounds deg. F... .009
Kilogrammeters to joules 9.8
Kilogrammeters to calories 2.34
Calories to kilogrammeters .42
Calories to joules 4.158
Horsepower to kilogrammeters per
second 76.
Horsepower to loot pounds per
minute 33000.
Horsepower to watts 746.
Watts to foot pounds per minute... 44.
Watts to kilogrammeters per sec-
ond .1
Meters per second to feet per min-
ute 197.
Feet per minute to meters per sec-
ond .005
Feet per minute to miles per hour.. .0113
Miles per hour to Ieet per minute. . 88.
ELECTRICAL UNITS DEFINED.
Ohm — Unit of resistance: represents resistance
offered to an unvarying electric current by a
column of mercury at the temperature of
ice, 14.5421 grams in mass, of a cross-sec-
tional area of 1.00003 square millimeters and
of the length of 106.3 centimeters.
Ampere — Unit of current, decomposes .0009324
of a gram of water in one second or de-
posits silver at the rate of .001118 of a
gram per second, when passed through a
solution of nitrate of silver in water.
Volt — Unit of electromotive force: one volt
equals one ampere of current passing through
a substance having one ohm of resistance.
Coulomb — Unit of quantity: amount of elec-
tricity transferred by a current of one am-
pere in one second.
Farad — Unit of capacity: capacity of a con-
denser charged to a potential of one volt by
one coulomb. A microfarad is one-millionth
of a farad.
Joule — Unit of work; equivalent to energy ex-
pended in one second by one ampere current
in one ohm resistance.
Watt — Unit of power: equivalent to work done
at the rate of one joule per second. A kilo-
watt is 1,000 watts.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
37
STATUTORY WEIGHTS OF THE BUSHEL.
STATE OR
TERRITORY.
Wheat. |
£
£
n
Barley.
Buckwheat.
Shelled corn.
Corn on cob. |
Cornmeal.
X
Potatoes. Irish.
Potatoes, sweet.
Carrots. |
Onions. |
Turnips. |
Beets.
Beans.
a
Apples.
Dried apples.
Dried peaches.
Castor beans.
Flax seed. •
Hemp seed. |
Millet.
Timothy seed.
Blue grass seed.
H Unitarian gr. seed 1
United States
GO
H
32
48
42
48
GO
60
50
50
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
GO
(!°
GO
W
GO
60
:>6
50
56
54
56
56
82
32
32
82
82
32
4 ;
45
48
50
48
48
52
40
52
48
56
54
-,'
50
56
50
>0
70
46
48
20
66
50
57
57
60
GO
GO
66
50
24
08
33
56
Bfl
66
ii
70
50
20
60
60
54
M
57
52
50
66
60
GO
66
48
26
33
55
44
45
45
14
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Florida
60
M)
60
GO
GO
60
60
00
(in
60
60
56
50
56
50
50
56
50
56
56
56
50
82
32
32
32
36
32
32
32
32
82
32
32
48
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
47
48
48
52
42
52
50
52
50
56
48
56
56
56
56
50
56
50
56
56
56
50
50
70
iO
70
08
70
70
70
48
48
48
50
50
50
60
20
20
20
20
20
20
GO
60
GO
60
60
GO
60
GO
66
60
55
50
55
46
50
55
50
50
50
57
57
48
57
57
57
52
54
55
55
55
55
00
50
66
66
GO
GO
GO
GO
GO
GO
60
GO
66
66
GO
66
48
45
50
48
48
44
24
24
28
24
25
24
24
24
83
83
28
33
33
33
33
39
48
40
M
46
50
45
56
G6
56
56
56
56
44
44
44
44
44
44
50
50
50
50
SO
50
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
ii
ii
14
14
14
14
50
50
50
60
Hawaii
Illinois
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
60
00
GO
60
60
00
60
GO
60
GO
00
GO
00
GO
00
GO
60
56
50
50
56
56
56
56
56
50
56
56
56
50
56
50
56
60
32
32
32
32
32
32
82
32
30
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
46
47
48
48
48
50
48
52
52
52
50
48
50
42
50
42
42
48
48
50
50
50
50
56
50
50
56
56
56
50
56
56
56
50
56
56
70
ro
72
70
70
70
50
50
48
50
50
50
50
50
20
20
20
20
20
20
GO
GO
60
00
60
60
60
GO
60
GO
54
50
55
60
50
50
54
54
50
is
50
50
50
52
54
52
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
55
42
50
55
50
50
60
60
60
60
in
GO
GO
62
GO
BO
GO
GO
GO
GO
CO
GO
GO
GO
r*
00
CO
48
48
50
48
45
50
48
25
22
28
26
24
88
28
28
33
33
40
46
40
55
50
50
56
56
56
55
55
44
50
44
44
44
44
50
48
50
50
50
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
ii
14
14
14
14
14
50
48
50
48
50
50
Montana
24
25
25
33
33
33
46
New Hampshire
New York
• •
45
North Dakota
70
68
70
20
20
GO
GO
GO
GO
46
50
40
50
52
55
52
00
(iO
60
m
56
GO
GO
GO
60
GO
00
60
50
45
24
28
38
28
••
56
56
66
44
50
50
45
45
42
'•'•
50
Ohio
Oklahoma
Rhode Island
South Carolina
70
50
4*
20
GO
54
50
50
50
50
GO
60
48
25
33
40
56
44
50
45
50
liO
00
00
GO
00
60
00
00
50
60
56
50
56
50
56
56
82
32
32
32
311
32
32
32
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
42
50
42
48
52
42
52
50
06
56
50
56
56
50
56
56
70
70
70
70
50
20
20
20
GO
00
t;o
GO
M
GO
40
50
55
50
50
50
02
56
57
52
57
GO
50
55
60
55
GO
50
66
60
60
60
02
00
60
60
66
GO
50
45
46
45
50
24
28
20
28
46
H
56
56
44
44
50
50
4?
45
45
14
48
48
Texas
Virginia
28
28
25
25
40
2,8
33
33
56
44
50
45
14
48
West Virginia.
70
50
20
60
GO
54
60
57
42
50
GO
60
66
••
H
56
44
50
45
45
48
Wisconsin
NOTE— Rye meal takes 48 pounds to the bushel
In the District of Columbia and 50 in Maine,
Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island and
Wisconsin. The metric system is used in the
Philippines and Porto Rico.
LON<
Railway
Simplon, S
St. Gothar
Loetschberg
Mont Cenis
Arlberg, Ai
Ricken, Sw
Tauern, Ai
Ronco, Ital
Tenda, Ital
Transandinc
Karawanke
Hoosa«, UE
Borzallo, II
Severn, En
Turchina, 1
Wocheiner.
Mont d'Or,
Albula, Sw
Totley, Ens
Peloritana,
Oravehals,
Stnndedge,
Woodhead,
Cascade, t
Khojak, Ba
Snoqualmie
3EST RAILW
ind country.
witzerland-Ital
1, Switzerland
, Switzerland
, France-Italy
istria
itzerland
stria
Y :
AI
&
' TU
M
PANELS.
lies. Yard
12 4
9 5
9
7 1,7
6 4
5 5
5 5
5 2
6
5
4 1,6
4 1,3
4 7
4 6
4
3 1.6
3 1,3
3 1,1
3 9
3 6
3 6
3
3
2 1,0
2 7
2 4
ily....
TABLE OF
Com pa
Water, distilled
Water, sea
Alcohol
SPE
red T
100
103
84
256
84
85
102
840
94
61
279
102
130
895
24
353
133
55
289
' 92
77
CIFIC
pith \
Iron,
Ivory
Lead
Mahc
Mapl
Marl
Milk
Milk
Oak
Oil.
Opiu
Platl
Pore
Silvc
Stoe
Snip]
Tin
Turn
Wai
Wine
Zinc
GRAVITY.
rater,
cast
721
183
1,135
106
75
i70
103
104
117
92
134
2.150
226
1.047
783
203
729
99
67
100
691
Aluminum
Ash
Beech
Beer
Butter
e
le
cow's
Boat's
v .
. C
n,
ito
alj
Kin
tal
At
FT
lt»
'Inr
Si
No
Kn
En
nit
luc
I
Ihile-Argentlna
i States
id
Chalk
Cider
Coal
Copper
m
na
Jlain
r
y
stria
ance-Switzerland ...
rland
Cork
Diamond
Rbony
Kir
inr
out
nit
ine ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
:ilv
rway
gland
gland
>~d Str
ilstan
Inited
Glass
Gold .
tin
Ice
States
38
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WEATHER FORECASTS AND SIGNALS.
The operations of the weather bureau of the
department of agriculture are bused on observa-
tions of the weather taken at about 200 observa-
tories throughout the United States at the same
moment of time and telegraphed dally to Wash-
ington, D. C., and to other important cities.
These observations, comprising barometric pres-
sure, temperature, precipitation, winds and
clouds, are entered upon outline charts of the
United States by means of symbols, forming the
"daily weather map," from which the forecasts
are made. These forecasts are Issued every day
for every state in the union, and whenever nec-
essary special warnings are sent out of storms.
frosts, cold waves, heavy snows and floods. In
addition to the main office in Washington, there
are subordinate forecast centers in Chicago, New
Orleans, Denver, San Francisco and Portland.
Ore. Weather forecasts for a week in advance
are now sent out from Washington.
The forecasts are first telegraphed to about
2,300 principal distributing points, whence they
are further disseminated by telegraph, telephone
and through the mail by means of forecast cards,
rural free delivery slips and newspapers.
It is estimated that the total number of per-
sons in the United States to whom the weather
forecasts are available is more than 4.000.000.
No. 1.
White flag.
No. 3
White and blue
flag.
No. 4. No. 5.
Black triangu- White flag with black
lar flag. square in center.
Clear or
fair weather.
Rain or snow.
Local rain or
snow.
WEATHER FLAGS.
Temperature.
Cold wave.
When No. 4 is placed above No. 1. 2 or 3 it
indicates warmer: when below, colder: when not
displayed, the temperature is expected to remain
about stationary. During the late spring and
early fall the cold-wave flag is used to indicate
anticipated frosts.
Small craft. Northwest winds. Southwest winds. Northeast winds. Southeast winds. "Hurricane" signal.
STORM-WARNING FLAGS.
By night a red light indicates easterly winds and
i white light above a red light westerly winds.
Two red flags, with black centers, displayed
one above the other, indicate the expected ap-
proach of tropical hurricanes, and also of those
extremely severe and dangerous storms which
occasionally move across the lakes and northern
Atlantic coast. Hurricane warnings are not dis-
Small craft warning— A red pennant indicates
that moderately strong winds are expected.
Storm warnings— A red flag with a black cen-
ter indicates that a storm of marked violence is
expected. The pennants displayed with the flags
Indicate the direction of the wind: Red, east-
erly; white, westerly (from southwest to north).
The pennant above the flag indicates that the
wind is expected to blow from the northerly
quadrants; below, from southerly quadrants.
MATERIALS USED IN
Compiled by bureau of crop estimates, U. S.
department of agriculture, from internal revenue
data. Figures are for the United States and
the fiscal year 1916.
played at night.
Material.
Malt (barley).
Corn, bushels..
Rye, bushels...
Oats, bushels...
Wheat, bushels.
Barley, bushels.
Rice, bushels...
Fermented Distilled
liquors. spirits. Total.*
bu.. 52,439,973 4,073,262 56,513,235
...13,573,521 32,069,542 45,643,063
» 3,116,612 3,116,612
* 9,807
* 3,373
* 148
2,354,000 •
9.807
3,373
148
2,354,000
•Included. If any, in
ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.
Material. Fermented Distilled
Other materials in liquors. spirits. Total.*
bushels 72.355 68.822 141.177
Total grain 68,439,849 39.341.566107.781,415
Grape sugar or mal-
tose, pounds 54,934,621 * 54,934,621
Hops, pounds 37,451,610 37,451.610
Molasses, gallons... * 152,142,232152.142.232
Glucose or sirup,
gallons 2,742,854 * 2.742,854
Other materials:
In gallons 19,112 19.112
In pounds 24,756,974 24,756.974
"other materials."
AMERICAN AND WORLD CROPS COMPARED.
[From U. S. monthly crop report.]
The United States produces on an average
about three-fourths of the world's corn crop,
one-fifth of the wheat crop, one-fourth of the
oats crop, one-eighth of the barley crop, one-
thirtieth of the rye crop, one-sixteenth of the
potato crop, three-fifths of the cotton crop, one-
fourth of the flaxseed crop, one-third of the
tobacco crop, one-fourth of the hops crop and
one-tenth of the sugar crop. In rank of produc-
tion the United States is first for corn, wheat,
oats, cotton, tobacco and hops ; second for bar-
ley and flaxseed ; fourth for sugar, and fifth for
rye and potatoes.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
39
THERMOMETERS COMPARED.
There are three kinds of thermometers, with
Fahrenheit to
Reaumur— Subtract 32. multlolv
varying scales, in general use throughout the
world— the Fahrenheit. Reaumur and centigrade.
by four-ninths.
Fahrenheit to Centigrade— Subtract 32, multiply
The freezing and boiling points on their scales
compare as follows:
by five-ninths.
Reaumur to Fahrenheit— Multiply by nine-
fourths add 32.
Thermometer. Freezing pt. Boiling pt.
Fahrenheit 32 degrees 212 decrees
Reaumur to
Centigrade — Multiply by five-
80 degrees
100 decrees
fourths.
Centigrade to
Fahrenheit— Multiply by nine-
The degrees on one scale are reduced to their
fifths, add 32.
Centigrade to
Reaumur— Multiply by four-
equivalents on another by these formulas:
fifths.
COMPARATIVE SCALES.
Centigrade to Fahrenheit.
Reaumur to Fahrenheit.
C. F. f?- E1- n. B1.
R. F.
R. F.
K. F.
—30 equals —22.0
—29 equals —20.2
—28 equals —18.4
—27 equals — 16.6
—26 equals —14.8
—25 equals —13.0
— 24 equals — 11.2
—23 equals —9.4
—22 equals —7 6
— 21 equals — 5.8
— 20 equals —4.0
—9 equals 15.8
—8 equals 17.6
—7 equals 19.4
—6 equals 21.2
—5 equals 23.0
— 4 equals 24.8
—3 equals 26.6
—2 equals 28.4
— 1 equals 30.2
0 equals 32.0
1 equals 33.8
12 equals 53.6
13 equals 55.4
14 equals 57.2
15 equals 59.0
16 equals 60.8
17 equals 62.6
18 equals 64.4
19 equals 66.2
20 equals 68.0
21 equals 69.8
22 equals 71.6
—30 equals —35.5
—29 equals —33.2
—28 equals —31.0
—27 equals —28.7
— 26 equals — 26.5
—25 equals —24.2
—24 equals —22.0
—23 equals —19.7
— 22 equals — 17.5
—21 equals —15.2
—20 equals —13.0
— 9 equals 11.7
— 8 equals 14.0
— 7 equals 16.25
— 6 equals 18.5
—5 equals 20.7
— 4 equals 23.0
—3 equals 25.2
—2 equals 27.5
— 1 equals 29.7
0 equals 32.0
1 equals 34.2
12 equals 59.0
13 equals 61.2
14 equals 63.5
15 equals 65.7
16 equals 68.0
17 equals 70.2
18 equals 72.5
19 equals 74.7
20 equals 77.0
21 equals 79.2
22 equals 81.5
—19 equals —2.2
2 equals 35.6
23 equals 73.4
—19 equals —10.7
2 equals 36.5
23 equals 83.7
—18 equals — 0.4
—17 equals 1.4
— 16 equals 3.2
3 equals 37.4
4 equals 39.2
5 equals 41.0
24 equals 75.2
25 equals 77.0
26 equals 78.3
—18 equals —8.5
— 17 equals — 6.2
—16 equals — 4.0
3 equals 38.7
4 equals 41.0
5 equals 43.2
24 equals 86.0
25 equals 88.2
26 equals 90.5
— 15 equals 5.0
6 equals 42.8
27 equals 80.6
—15 equals —1.7
6 equals 45.5
27 equals 92.7
—14 equals 6.8
7 equals 44.6
28 equals 82.4
— 14 equals 0.5
7 equals 47.7
28 equals 95.0
—13 equals 8.6
8 equals 46.4
29 equals 84.2
—13 equals 2.7
8 equals 50.0
29 equals 97.2
—12 equals 10.4
9 equals 48.2
30 equals 86.0
— 12 equals 5.0
9 equals 52.2
30 equals 99.5
—11 equals 12.2
10 equa s 50.0
50 equals 122.0
— 11 equals 7.2
10 equals 54.5
50 equals 144.5
—10 equals 14.0
11 equals 51.8
100 equals 212.0 —10 equals 9.5
11 equals 56.7
100 equals 257.0
RAILROAD TRAIN SPEED.
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION TABLE.
Time . Time
1 mile. Milri 1 mlu. Mil*«
Time
1 milt. Milti
1234567
8 9 10
0:36 100.00
1:11 50.70
Min.Scc. per hour
1:46 33. 9e
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
3 6 9 12 15 18 21
16 18 20
24 27 30
0:37 97.30
1:12 50.00
1:47 33.64
4 8 12 1
i 20 24 28
32 36 40
0:38 94.74
1:13 49.31
1:48 33.33
5 10 15 2(
) 25 30 35
40 45 50
0:39 92.31
1:14 48.65
1:49 33.02
6 12 18 24
30 36 42
48 54 60
0:40 90.00
1:15 48.00
1:50 32.73
7 14 21 2i
36 42 49
66 63 70
0:41 87.80
1:16 47.37
1:51 32.42
8 16 24 32
40 48 56
64 72 80
0:42 85.71
1:17 46.74
1:62 32.14
9 18 27 3«
45 64 63
72 81 90
0:43 83.72
1:18 46.15
1:53 31.86
10 20 30 4(
60 60 70
80 90 100
0:44 81.82
1:19 45.57
1:54 31.58
11 22 33 44
65 66 77
88 99 110
0:45 80.00
1:20 45.00
1:55 31.30
12 24 36 4i
60 72 84
96 108 120
0:46 78.26
1:21 44.44
1:56 31.03
13 26 39 52
65 78 91
104 117 130
0:47 76.59
1;22 43.90
1:57 30.77
14 28 42 56
70 84 98
112 126 140
0:48 75.00
1:23 43.37
1:58 30.51
15 30 45 6(
75 90 105
120 135 150
0:49 73.47
1:24 42.86
1:59 30.25
16 32 48 64
80 96 112
128 144 160
0:50 72.00
1:25 42.35
2:00 30.00
17 34 51 6«
85 102 119
136 153 170
g;51 70.59
1:26 41.86
2:01 29.75
18 36 64 72
90 108 126
144 162 180
0:52.. !!!!!!69!23
i:27!!!!!!!!4i!s8
2:02! !!.!... 29.52
2:03 29.27
19 38 67 76 95 114 133
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
152 171 190
160 180 200
0:54 66.66
0:55 65.45
0:56 64.29
0:57 63.16
0:58 62.07
0:59 61.02
1:00 60.00
1:01 59.02
1:02 58.06
1:03 57.14
1:04 56.25
1:29 40.45
1:30 40.00
1:31 39.56
1:32 39.13
1:33 38.71
1:34 38.29
1:35 37.89
1:36 37.50
1:37 37.11
1:38 36.73
1:39 36.36
2:04 29.03
2:05 28.80
2:06 28.67
2:07 28.34
2:08 28.12
2:09 27.91
2:10 27.69
2:11 27.48
2:12 27.27
2:13 27.09
2:14 26.87
21 42 63 84 105 126 147
22 44 66 88 110 132 154
23 46 69 92 115 138 161
24 48 72 96 120 144 168
25 50 75 100 125 150 175
26 52 78 104 130 156 182
27 54 81 108 135 162 189
28 56 84 112 140 168 196
29 68 87 116 145 174 203
30 60 90 120 150 180 210
31 62 93 124 155 186 217
32 64 96 128 160 192 224
168 189 210
176 198 220
184 207 230
192 216 240
200 225 250
208 234 260
216 243 270
224 252 280
232 261 290
240 270 300
248 279 310
256 288 320
1:05 55.38
1:40 36.00
2:15 26.67
33 66 99 131
165 198 231
264 297 330
1:06 54.55
1:41 35.64
2:16 26.47
34 68 102 13(
170 204 238
272 306 340
1:07 53.73
1:42 35.29
2:17 26.28
35 70 105 14(
175 210 245
280 315 350
1:08 52.94
1:43 34.95
2:18 26.06
36 72 108 14'
180 216 252
288 324 360
1:09 52.17
1:44 34.61
2:19 25.90
37 74 111 14j
185 222 259
296 333 370
1:10 .51.43 1:45 34.29
2:20 25.72
38 76 114 152 190 228 266
304 342 380
39 78 117 156
195 234 273
312 351 390
40 80 120 16(
200 240 280
320 360 400
WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES.
41 82 123 16'
\ 205 246 287
328 369 410
42 84 126 16.
210 252 294
336 378 420
First— Cotton. Fifteenth— Crystal.
43 86 129 17!
215 258 301
344 387 430
Second— Paper. Twentieth— China.
44 88 132 17(
220 264 308
352 396 440
Third— Leather. Twenty-fifth— Silver.
45 90 135 18(
225 270 315
360 405 450
Fifth— Wooden. Thirtieth— Pearl.
46 92 138 184
230 276 322
368 414 460
Seventh— Woolen. Fortieth— Ruby.
47 94 141 18!
235 282 329
376 423 470
Tenth— Tin. Fiftieth— Golden.
48 96 144 19!
240 288 336
384 432 480
Twelfth— Silk and fine Seventy-fifth— Diamond.
49 98 147 19«
245 294 343
392 441 490
linen.
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
400 450 500
40
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
SIMPLE INTEREST TABLE.
NOTE— To find the amount of interest at 2V6 per cent on any given sum, divide the amount Riven for
the same sum in the table at 5 per cent by 2; at 3^ per cent divide the amount at 7 per cent by 2, etc.
j
d
X
r/i
a
K
d
d
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3
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•a
g
0
3
1
n
1
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0
a
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o
a
to
0
fe
A Hit.
Interest.
3
1
3
4
]
l
1
2
4
$1
5
1
]
2
2
3
5
6 . .
1
1
2
3
g
7
1
1
2
3
4
7
3
4
1
1
1
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2
2
2
3
3
6
3
$2
5
1
1
2
3
0
4
5
10
6 ...
1
1
2
3
4
5
j
12
7
1
1
2
4
5
6
7
14
3
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
g
9
12
13
6
1
3
4
5
g
g
15
6 ...
1
1
?
3
5
6
g
9
18
7
1
1
1
2
4
i
9
11
21
3
4 ...
]
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
g
6
g
12
16
14
6 ...
1
1
1
1
3
5
7
8
10
20
6 ...
1
1
1
?
4
6
10
12
24
7
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
7
9
12
14
28
3
1
1
J
1
i
1
2
3
4
5
5
g
7
1
8
10
15
20
$5
6
1
1
1
?
4
6
6
10
* 13
25
6 ...
1
1
1
1
j
3
5
8
10
13
15
30
7
1
1
2
3
6
9
12
15
18
35
3 ,....
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
jj
2
3
5
6
7
10
10
13
12
16
15
20
30
40
no
6
1
1
1
fl
?
j
4
8
13
17
21
25
50
6 ..
1
1
1
1
?
|
fl
j
ft
10
15
20
25
30
60
7
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
6
12
18
23
29
35
70
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
•
1
i
1
?
1
3
ft
6
R
12
16
19
25
25
33
31
4]
38
50
76
1.00
$25
1
1
?
i
9
?
s
1
3
7
10
21
31
42
52
63
1.25
6
1
1
i
?
I
I
8
3
4
8
13
25
38
50
63
75
1.50
1
1
2
2
3
I
4
4
I
10
15
29
44
58
73
88
1.75
3
4 ...
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
3
3
4
1
4
4
6
4
6
8
11
12
IK
25
33
37
50
50
62
83
75
1.00
1.50
2.00
$50
5 ...
i
1
i
I
j
4
I
6
H
7
11
21
42
63
83
1.04
1.25
2.50
6
1
I
t
1
4
ft
H
7
8
8
17
?ft
50
75
1.00
1.25
1.50
3.00
7
l
1
8
4
5
(i
7
8
9
y
19
29
58
88
1.17
1.46
1.75
3.50
3 ...
i
]
)
i
4
ft
K
1
7
8
Iti
•>ft
50
75
1.00
1.25
1.50
3.00
4 ...
I
j
4
H
ti
8
j
10
11
9-)
H
66
1.00
1.33
1.67
2.00
4.00
$100
6 .
l
I
4
«
7
S
10
11
13
14
H
4?
83
1.25
1.67
2.08
2.50
5.00
6 ...
j
1
5
7
8
10
r>,
13
IT
17
33
ftd
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
6.00
7
2
4
6
8
10
14
it;
18
19
39
58
1.17
1.75
2.33
2.92
3.50
7.00
Tears.
1
3%.
1.03
COMPOUND INTERES
4%. 5%. 6%. 7%.
1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07
1.06 1.07 1.09 1.10
1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14
1.10 1.13 1.15 1.18
1.12 1.15 1.19 1.22
1.14 1.18 1.22 1.27
1.17 1.21 1.26 1.31
1.19 1.24 1.30 1.36
1.21 1.28 1.34 1.41
1.24 1.31 1.38 1.45
1.26 1.34 1.42 1.51
1.29 1.37 1.46 1.56.
1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61
1.34 1.44 1.55 1.67
1.37 1.48 1.60 1.73
1.39 1.52 1.65 1.79
T ON ONE DOLLAR.
lears. 3%.
9 1.30
4%. 5%. 6%. 7%.
1.42 1.55 1.70 1.86
1.45 1.59 1.75 1.92
1.48 1.63 1.80 1.98
50.50 131.50 340.00 868.00
BLES AT INTEREST.
Interest.
Simple. Comp'd.
Rate. Years. Years.
4% 22.22 15.75
6 20.00 14.21
5% 18.18 12.94
6 16.67 11.90
6% 15.38 11.00
7 14.29 10.24
7% 13.33 9.5?
TS.
Height. Weight.
5 ft. 10 in 181 pounds
5 ft. 11 in 186 pounds
6 ft. 0 In 190 pounds
Height.Weight,
Ibs.
10 years.. 4 ft. 6 in. 68
11 years.. 4 ft. 8 in. 74
12 years.. 4 ft. 10 in. £0
1.04
9% 1.32
2
1 06
10 1.34
1 07
100 19.25
S
1.09
WHEN MONEY DOU
Interest.
Simple. Comp'd.
Rate. Years. Years.
1 100.00 69.66
1% 66.66 46.56
2 50.00 35.00
2% 40.00 28.07
3 33.33 23.45
3% 28.57 20.15
4 25.00 17.67
8%...
1.10
4 :...:.::
1.12
4%
1.14
5
1 1«
6% 1.17
6 1.19
«% 1.21
1 1.23
7% 1.24
< 1.26
8% 1.28
NO!
Height. Weight.
B ft. 1 In 128 pounds
6 ft. 2 in 135 pounds
5 ft. 3 in 142 pounds
Height.Weight,
Ibs.
At birth.l ft. 1 in. 8
6 months2 ft. 0% in. 16
1 year... 2 ft. 5 in. 24
1% years2 ft. 8% in. 28
IMAL HEIGHTS AND
Height. Weight.
5 ft. 4 in 149 pounds
5 ft. 5 in... .152 pounds
5 ft. 6 In.... 155 pounds
HEIGHTS AND WEIC
Height.Weight,
Ibs.
2 years.. 3 ft. 0 in. 32
3 years.. 3 ft. 4 in. 36%
4 years.. 3 ft. 6 in. 41
5 years.. 3 ft. 8 in. 45
WEIGHTS OF ADUL
Height. Weight.
5 ft. 7 in 158 pounds
5 ft. 8 in 166 pounds
5 ft. 9 in 173 pounds
!HTS OF CHILDREN.
Height.Weight,
Ibs.
6 years.. 3 ft. 10 in. 49
7 years.. 4 ft. 0 in. 52%
8 years.. 4 ft. 2 in. 56%
9 years.. 4 ft. 4 in. 62
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
41
DAYS OF GRACE, INTEREST AND STATUTE OF {LIMITATIONS.
STATE.
VI t«
o tt
c
p
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
STATE.
Days of
grace.
INTEREST.
LIMITATIONS.
i
Mp
S li
B
3
. *a
§1
°*3
K
m
$
bCO)
fl
i-s
s
1
3
0
I
•
,1
B
o
h5
as
80S
£
I*.
n
kg
fa
>-s
1
3
a
p
8
o
«<!
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes*
No
Yes*
No
No
Yes
No
P.ct.
8
8
6
6
7
8
6
6
6
8
7
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
P.ct.
8
12
10
12
Any
Any
6
6
10
10
8
12
7
8
8
10
6
8
Any
6
Any
10
8
• 8
Yrs.
20
10
10
5
6
20
.. t.
Yrs.
^
5
4
4
6
...}..
Yrs.
3
1
3
8
4
• 6
6
3
3
2
4
4
5
6
5
3
5
3
6
3
6
6
6
3
5
No
No
No
No*
No
Yes
No
Yes*
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
P.ct.
8
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
6
8
P.ct.
Any
10
Any
6
6
12
6
6
12
8
10
10
6
Any
8
12
6
10
12
6
6
12
6
10
12
Yrs.
10
5
6
20
20
7
20
10
10
15
5
10
5
20
10
20
10
10
8
8
20
6
10
20
21
Yrs.
8
5
4
6
6
6
6
3
6
15
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
5
6
10
6
5
Yrs.
5
4
4
6
6
4
6
3
6
0
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
4
6
2
3
6
6
8
Alaska
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire. .
California
Colorado
New Mexico
Connecticut
New York
10
12
20
7
6
20
20
20
6
15
10
20
12
20
10
10
7
10
i
3
5
6
5
10
10
10
5
15
5
6
3
6
6
6
6
10
North Carolina...
North Dakota
Ohio
Dlst. of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Oklahoma
Idaho
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Indiana
Iowa
Texas
Maine
Utah
Massachusetts. . . .
Michigan
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia....
Wisconsin
Missouri
Wyoming
•Sight, yes; demand, no. tUnder seal 10. jNolaw. {Negotiable notes 6, uonnegotiable 17.
TABLE OF MONTHLY WAGES.
DAYS
$10
$11
$12
$13
$14
$15
$16
$17
$18
$19
$20
$21
$22
$23
$24
$25
2.
. .38
. .77
.42
.85
.46
.92
.50
1.00
.54
1.08
.58
1.15
.62
1.23
.65
1.31
.69
1.38
.73
1.46
.77
1.54
.81
1.62
.85
1.69
.88
1.77
.92
1.85
.96
1.92
3.
. 1.15
1.27
1.38
1.50
1.62
1.73
1.85
1.96
2.08
2.19
2.31
2.42
2.54
2.65
2.77
2.88
4.
. 1.54
1.69
1.85
2.00
2.15
2.31
2.46
2.62
2.77
2.92
3.08
3.23
3.38
3.54
3.69
3.85
5.
. 1.92
2.12
2.31
2.50
2.69
2.88
3.08
3.27
3.46
3.65
3.85
4.04
4.23
4.42
4.62
4.81
6.
. 2.31
2.54
2.77
3.00
3.23
3.46
3.69
3.92
4.15
4.38
4.62
4.85
5.08
5.31
6.54
5.77
. 2. 69
2.96
3.23
3.50
3.77
4.04
4.31
4.58
4.85
5.12
5.38
5.65
5.92
6.19
6.46
6.73
S.
. 3.08
3.38
3.69
4.00
4.31
4.62
4.92
5.23
5.54
6.85
6.15
6.46
6.77
7.08
7.38
7.69
9.
. 3.46
3.81
4.15
4.50
4.85
6.19
5.54
5.88
6.23
6.58
6.92
7.27
7.62
7.96
8.31
8.66
10
. 3 85
4.23
4 62
5 00
5.38
6 77
6 15
6.54
6.92
7.31
7 69
8 08
8 46
8.85
9 23
9 62
11.
4.23
4.65
5.08
5.50
5.92
6.35
6.77
7.19
7.62
8.04
8.46
8.88
9.31
9.73
10.15
10.58
12.
4.62
5.08
5.44
6.00
6.46
6.92
7.38
7.85
8.31
8.77
9.23
9.69
10.15
10.62
11.08
11.54
13.
5.00
5.50
6.0C
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
14.
5.38
5.92
6.46
7.00
7.54
8.08
8.62
9.15
9.69
10.23
10.77
11.31
11.85
12.38
12.92
13.46
15.
5.77
6.35
6.92
7.50
8.08
8.65
9.23
9.81
10.38
10.96
11.54
12.12
12.69
13.27
13.85
14.42
IB.
6.15
6.77
7.38
8.00
8.<>2
9.23
9.85
10.46
11.08
11.69
12.31
12.92
13.54
14.15
14.77
15.38
17.
6.54
7.19
7.85
8.50
9.15
9.81
10.46
11.12
11.77
12.42
13.08
13.73
14.38
15.04
15.69
16.35
13.
6.92
7.62
8.31
9.00
9.69
10.38
11.08
11.77
12.46
13.15
13.85
14.54
15.23
15.92
16.62
17.31
19.
7.S1
8.04
8.77
9.50
10.23
10.96
11.69
12.42
13.15
13.88
14.62
15.35
16.08
16.81
17.54
18.27
20
7 (W
8.46
9 23
10 00
10 77
11 54
12 31
13 03
13 85
14 62
15 38
16 15
16 92
17 69
18 46
19 23
21.
8.06
8.88
9.69
10.50
11.31
12.12
12.92
13.73
14.54
15.35
16.15
16.96
17.77
18.58
19.38
20.19
22.
8.46
9.31
10.15
11.00
11.85
12.69
13.54
14.38
15.23
16.08
16.94
17.77
18.62
19.46
20.31
21.15
23.
8.85
9.73
10. «2
11.50
12.38
13.27
14.15
15.04
15.92
16.81
17.69
18.58
19.46
20.35
21.23
22.12
24.
9.23
10.15
11.08
12.00
12.92
13.85
14.77
15.69
16.62
17.54
18.46
19.38
20.31
21.23
22.15
23.08
2o.
9.62
10.58
11.54
12.50
13.46
14.42
15.38
16.35
17.31
18.27
19.23
20.19
21.15
22.12
23.08
24.04
TABLE OF YEARLY WAGES.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
Per
year.
Per
month.
Per
week.
Per
day.
120 is
$.V67
$0.38
$0.05
$100 is
$8.33
$1.92
$0.27
$180 is
$15.00
$3.45
$0.49
25
2.08
.48
.07
105
8.75
2.01
.29
185
15.42
3.55
.61
30
2 50
.58
.08
110
9.17
2.11
.30
190
15.83
3.64
.52
35
2.92
.67
.10
115
9.58
2.21
.32
195
16.25
3.74
.63
40
3.33
.77
.11
120
10.00
2.30
.33
200
16.57
3.84
.65
45
3.75
.86
.12
125
10.42
2.40
.34
205
17.08
3.93
.56
50
4.17
.96
.14
130
10.83
2.49
.36
210
17.50
4.03
.58
65
4.58
1.06
.15
135
11.25
2.59
.37
215
17.92
4.12
.59
60
5.00
1.15
.16
140
11.67
2.69
.38
220
is. as
4.22
.60
65
5.42
1.25
.18
145
12.08
2.78
.40
225
18.75
4.31
.62
70
5.83
1.34
.19
150
12.50
2.88
.41
230
19.17
4.41
.63
75
6.25
1.44
.21
155
12.92
2.9V
.42
235
19.58
4.51
.64
80
6.67
1.53
.22
160
13.88
3.07
.44
240
20.00
4.60
.66
85
7.08
1.63
.23
165
13.75
3.1(1
.45
245
20.42
4.70
.67
90
7.50
1.73
.25
170
14.17
3.26
.47
250
20.83
4.79
.69
95
7.92
1.82
.26
175
14.58
3.36
.48
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ACCUMULATION OF
ANNUITY OF $1 AT COMPOUND INTEREST.
Yrs.
V#&
3%
3%%
4%
4%%
5%
6%
1
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
1.00000
2
2.02500
2 03000
2.03500
2.04000
2.04500
2.05000
2 06000
3
3.07563
3.09090
3.10623
3.12160
3.13703
3.15250
3.18360
4..,
4.15252
4.18363
4.21494
4.24646
4.27819
4.31013
4.37462
6
5 25633
5 30914
5.36247
6.41632
5.47071
5 52563
6.63709
6
6.38774
6.46841
6.55015
6.63298
6.71689
6 80191
6 97532
7
7 54743
7 66246
7 77941
7.89829
8.01915
8 14201
8 39384
8
8 73612
8.89234
9.05169
9.21423
9.38001
9 54911
9.89747
9
.' 9.95452
10.15911
10.36850
10.58280
10.80211
11.02656
11 49132
10....
11.20338
11.46388
11.73139
12.00611
12.28821
12.57789
13.18079
11
12.48347
12.80780
13.14199
13.48635
13.84118
14.20679
14.97164
12
13 79555
14.19203
14.60196
15.02581
15.46403
15 91713
16 86994
13...;
15.14044
15.61779
16.11303
16.62684
17.15991
17 71298
18 88214
14
16.51895
17.08632
17.67699
18.29191
18.93211
19.59863
21 01507
16.........
17.93193
18.59891
19.29568
20.02359
20.78405
21.57856
23.27597
16
19 38022
20 15688
20.97130
21.82453
22.71934
23 65749
25 67253
17
20.86473
21.76159
22.70502
23.69751
24.74171
25 84037
28 21288
18
22.38635
23.41444
24.49969
25.64541
26.85508
28.13238
30 90566
19
23.94601
25.11687
26.35718
27.67123
29.06356
30.53900
33.75999
20
25.54466
26.87037
28.27968
29.77808
31.37142
33.06595
36 78559
21
27 18327
28.67649
30 26947
31.96920
33 78314
35 71925
39 99273
22
28 86286
30 53678
32.32890
34.24797
36.30338
ZS. 50521
43 39229
23
30.58443
32.45288
34.46041
36.61789
38.93703
41.43048
46 99583
24
32.34904
34.42647
36.66653
39.08260
41.68920
44.50200
50.81558
25
34.15776
36.45926
38.94986
41.64591
44.56521
47.72710
54.86451
26
36.01171
38.55304
41.31310
44.31174
47.57064
61.11345
59 15638
27
37.91200
40.70963
43.75906
47.08421
50.71132
54.66913
63 70677
28
39.85980
42.93092
46.29063
49.96758
53.99333
68.40258
68 52811
29
41.85630
45.21885
48.91080
52.96629
57.42303
62.32271
73.63980
30
.......43 90270
47.57542
51.62268
56.08494
61.00707
66.43885
79 05819
31
46.00027
50.00268
64.42947
69.32834
64.75239
70.76079
84 801 68
32
48.15028
52.50276
57.33450
62.70147
68.66625
75.29883
90.88978
33
50.35403
55.07784
60.34121
66.20953
72.75623
80.06377
97.34316
34
52 61289
57 73018
63 45315
69.85791
77.03026
85.06696
104 18375
35
54.92821
60.46208
66.67401
73.65222
81.49662
90.32031
111 43478
36
57.30141
63.27594
70.00760
77-59831
86.16397
95.83632
119 12087
37
59.73395
66.17422
73.45787
81.70225 -
91.04134
101.62814
127.26812
38
62.22730
69.15945
77.02889
85.97034
96.13820
107.70955
135.90421
39
64.78298
72.23423
80.72491
90.40915
101.46442
114.09502
145 05846
40
67 40256
75 40126
84.55028
95.02552
107.03032
120.79977
154.76197
41
70.08762
78.66330
88.50954
99.82654
112.84669
127.83976
165 04768
42
72.83981
82.02320
92.60737
104.81960
118.92479
135.23175
175.95054
43
75.66081
85.48389
96.84863
110.01238
125.27640
142.99334
187.50758
44
78 55232
89.04841
101.23833
115.41288
131.91384
151.14301
199 75803
45
81.51613
92.71986
105.78167
121.02939
138.84997
159.70016
212 74351
46
84.55403
96.50146
110.48403
126.87057
146.09821
168.68516
226 50812
47
87.66789
100.39650
115.35097
132.94539
153.67263
178.11942
241.09861
48
90.85958
104.40840
120 38826
139.26321
161.58790
188.02539
256 56453
49
94.13107
108.54065
125.60185
145.83373
169.85936
198.42666
272 95840
50
97.48435
112.79687
130 99791
152.66708
178.50303
209.34800
290 33590
PRESENT
y OF 91.
VALUE OF
AN ANNUIT
Yrs.
2%%
3%
3%%
4%
4%%
5%
6%
1
. . 0 97561
0 97087
0 96618
0.96154
0 95694
0 95233
0 94o40
2
1 92742
1 91347
1 89969
1.88609
1.87267
1 85941
1 83339
3
2 85602
2 82861
2 80164
2.77509
2.74896
2 72325
2 67301
4
3.76197
3.71710
3.67308
3.62990
3.58753
3 54595
3 46511
5
4.64583
4.57971
4.51505
4.45182
4.38998
4.32948
4 21236
6
6.50813
5 41719
5 32855
5.24214
5.15787
5 07569
4 91732
7
6 34939
6 23028
6.11454
6.00205
5.89270
5 78637
5 58238
8
7.17014
7.01969
6.87396
6.73274
6.59589
6.46321
6.20979
9..
7 97087
7 78611
7 60769
7.43533
7.26879
7 10782
6 80169
10
8.75206
8.53020
8.31661
8.11090
7.91272
7 72173
7 36009
11
9.51421
9.25262
9.00155
8.76048
8.52892
8 30641
7 88687
12
10 25776
9.95400
9 66333
9.38507
9.11858
8 86325
8 38384
13
10 98319
10 63496
10.30274
9.98565
9.68285
9.39357
8 8526*
14
11.69091
11.29607
10.92052
10.56312
10.22283
9.89864
9.29498
15
12.38138
11.93794
11.51741
11.11839
10.73955
10.37966
9 71225
16
13.05500
12 56110
12.09412
11.65230
11.23402
10 83777
10 10590
17
13.71220
13.16612
12.65132
12.16567
11.70719
11.27407
10 47726
18
14.35336
13.75351
13.18968
12.65930
12.15999
11.68959
10.82760
19
14 97889
14 32380
13.70984
13.13394
12.59329
12.08532
11 15813
20...
15 58916
14.87747
14.21240
13.59033
13.00794
12.46221
11 46992
21
16 18455
15 41502
14 69797
14 02916
13 40472
12.82115
11 76408
22
16 76541
15.93692
15.16712
14.45112
13.78442
13.16300
12.04158
2S...
17.33211
16.44361
15 62041
14.85684
14.14777
13.48857
12.30338
24
17 88499
16 93554
16 05837
15.24696
14.49548
13.79864
12 55036
25
18 42438
17 41215
16 48151
15.62208
14.82821
14.09394
12 78336
26
18.95061
17.87684
16.89035
15.98277
15.14661
14.37519
13 00317
27
19 46401
18 32703
17 28536
16 32959
15.45130
14 64303
13 21053
28
19.96489
18.76411
17 66702
16.66306
15.74287
14.89813
13 40616
29
20 45355
19 18845
18 03577
16 98371
16 02189
15 14107
13 5907*
30
20.93029
19 60044
18 39205
17.29203
16.28889
15.37245
13.76483
31
21 39541
20 00043
18 73628
17 58849
16 54439
15 59281
13 92909
E2
21 84918
20 38877
19 06887
17 87355
16 78889
15 80268
14 08404
33
22.29188
20 76579
19 39021
18.14765
17.02286
16.00255
14 23023
34
22 72379
21.13184
19 70068
18 41120
17.24676
16 19290
14 36814
35...,
...23.14516
21.48722
20.00C66
18.66461
17.46101
16.37419
14.49825
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Yrs. 2%% 3%
36 23.55625 21.83225
87 23.95732 22.16724
38 24.34860 22.49246
39 24.73034 22.80822
40 25.10278 23.11477
41 25.46612 23.41240
42 25.82061 23.70136
43 26.16645 23.98190
44 26.50385 24.25427
45 26.83302 24.51871
46 27.15417 24.77545
47 27.46748 25.02471
48 27.77315 25.26671
49 28.07137 25.50166
60 28.36231 25.72976
55 29.71398 26.77443
60 30.90866 27.67556
65 31.96458 28.45289
70 32.89786 29.12342
75 33.72274 29.70183
80 34.45182 30.20076
85 35.09621 30.63115
ANNUITY WHICH
Yrs. 2%% 3%
1 1.02500 1.03000
2 51883 .52261
3 35014 .35353
4 26582 .26903
5 21525 .21835
6 18155 .18470
7 15760 .16051
8 13947 .14246
9 12546 .12843
10 11426 .11723
11 10511 .10808
12 09749 .10046
13 09105 .09403
14 08554 .08853
15 08077 .08377
16 07670 .07961
17 07293 .07595
18 06967 .07271
19 06676 .06981
20 06415 .06722
21 06179 .06487
22 05965 .06275
23 , .05780 .06081
24 05591 .05905
25 05428 .05743
26 05277 .05594
27 05138 .05456
28 05009 .05329
29 04889 .05211
30 04778 .05102
31 04674 .05010
32 04577 .04905
33 04486 .04816
34 04401 .04732
35 04321 .04654
36 04245 .04580
37 04174 .04511
38 04107 .04446
39 03044 .04384
40 03984 .04326
41 03927 .84271
42 03873 .04219
43 03822 .04180
44 03773 .04123
45 03727 .04079
46 03683 .04036
47 03641 .03996
48 03601 .03958
49 03562 .03921
60 : 03526 .03887
55 03365 .03735
«0 03225 .03613
65 03128 .03515
70 03040 .03434
75 02965 .03367
80 02903 .03311
20.29049
20.57053
20.84109
21.10250
21.35507
21.59910
21.83488
22.06269
22.28279
22.49545
22.70092
22.89944
23.09124
23.27656
23.45562
24.26405
24.94473
25.51785
26.00040
26.40669
26.74878
27.03680
91 WILL
3%%
l.»3500
.52640
.35693
.27225
.22148
.18767
.16354
.14548
.13145
.12024
.11109
.10348
.09706
.09157
.08683
.08268
.07904
.07582
.07294
.07036
.06804
.06593
.06402
.06227
.06067
.05921
.05785
.05660
.05545
.05437
.05337
.05244
.05157
.05076
.05010
.04928
.04861
.04798
.04739
.04683
.04640
.04590
.04533
.04488
.04445
.04405
.04367
.04331
.04296
.04263
.04121
.04009
.03919
.03846
.03787
.03738
4%
18.90828
19.14258
19.36786
19.58448
19.79277
19.99305
20.18563
20.37079
20.54884
20.72004
20.88465
21.04294
21.19513
21.34147
21.48218
22.10861
22.62349
23.04668
23.39451
23.68041
23.91539
24.10853
BUY FOB
4%
1.04000
.53030
.36035
.27549
.22463
.19076
.16661
.14853
.13449
.12329
.11415
.10655
.10014
.09467
.08994
.08582
.08230
.07899
.07614
.07358
.07128
.06930
.06731
.06559
.06401
.06257
.06124
.06001
.05888
.05783
.05686
.05595
.05510
.05431
.05358
.05289
.05224
.05163
.05106
.05052
.05002
.04954
.04909
.04866
.04826
.04788
.04752
.04718
.04686
.04655
.04523
.04420
.04339
.04275
.04223
.04181
17.66604
17.86224
18.04999
18.22966
18.40158
18.56611
18.72355
18.87421
19.01838
19.15635
19.28837
19.41471
19.53561
19.65130
19.76201
20.24802
20.63802
20.95098
21.20211
21.40363
21.56534
21.69511
YEARS
1.04500
.53410
.36377
.27874
.22779
.19388
.16970
.15161
.13757
.12638
.11725
.10967
.10328
.09782
.09311
.08902
.08542
.08224
.07941
.07688
.07460
.07255
.07068
.06899
.06744
.06602
.06472
.06352
.06241
.06139
.06044
.05956
.05874
.05798
.05727
.05661
.05598
.05540
.05486
.05434
.05386
.05341
.05298
.05258
.05220
.05184
.05151
.05119
.05089
.05060
.04939
.04845
.04773
.04717
.04672
.04637
5%
16.54685
16.71129
16.86789
17.01704
17.15909
17,29437
17.42321
17.54591
17.66277
17.77407
17.88007
17.98102
18.07716
18.16872
18.25593
18.63447
18.92929
19.16107
19.34268
19.48497
19.59646
19.68382
GIVEN.
5%
1.05000
.53780
.36721
.28201
.23097
.197X»2
.17282
.15472
.14069
.13950
.12039
.11283
.10646
.10102
.09634
.09227
.08880
.08555
.08275
.08024
.07810
.07597
.07414
.07247
.070.95
.06956
.06829
.06712
.06605
.06505
.06413
.06328
.06249
.06176
.06107
.06043
.05984
.05928
.05876
.05828
.05782
.05739
.05699
.05662
.05626
.05593
.05561
.05532
.05504
.05478
.05367
.05283
.05219
.05170
.05132
.05103
6%
14.62099
14.73678
14.84602
14.94907
15.04630
15.13802
15.22454
15.30617
15.38318
15.45583
15.52437
15.58903
15.65003
15.70757
15.76186
15.99054
16.16143
16.28912
16.38454
16.45585
16.50913
16.54805
6%
1.06000
.54544
.37411
.28859
.23740
.20336
.17914
.16104
.14702
.13587
.12679
.11928
.11296
.10758
.10296
.09895
.09544
.09326
.08962
.08718
.08500
.08305
.08128
.07968
.07823
.07690
.07570
.07459
.07358
.07265
.07179
.07100
.07027
.06920
.06897
.06839
.06786
.06736
.06689
.06645
.06606
.06568
.06533
.06501
.06470
.06441
.06415
.06390
.06366
.06344
.06254
.06188
.06139
.06103
.06077
.06057
FASTEST TRIPS AROUND THE WORLD.
Made by John Henry Mears In 1913—35 days 21
hours 36 minutes.
Made by Andre Jaeger-Schmidt in 1911—39 days
42 minutes 38 seconds.
Made by Henry Frederick In 1903—64 days T
hours 20 minutes.
Made by Nellie Ely (Mrs. Nellie Seaman) in
1889—72 days 6 hours 11 minutes.
44
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WEIGHTS OF DIAMONDS
The weight of diamonds and other precious
stones is expressed in metric carats. The unit
is the international carat of 200 milligrams,
which has been officially adopted by the United
States and most of the countries in Europe.
Until July 1, 1913, there were three different
standards in use in the United States, although
the one generally accepted was 205.3 milligrams.
This was usually subdivided on the binary sys-
tem, the smallest subdivision being 1-64 of the
carat. The new carat is subdivided on the deci-
mal system.
Equivalents of old carats in new metric carats:
AND FINENESS OF GOLD.
Old carat. New metric.
1-64 0.02
1-32 0.03
1-16 0.06
% 0.13
% 0.26
% 0.51
1 1.03
2 2.05
3 3.08
4 4.11
6 5.13
Old carat. New metric.
6.16
7.19
8.21
9.24
10.26
25.66
51.32
76.99
102.65
205.30
307.95
9
10
25
50
75
100
200
300
Old carat. New metric.
400 410.60
500 513.25
Equivalents of new metric carats in old carats:
Old carat. New metric.
1,000 1,026.50
New carat. Old carat.
1 62-64
2 161-64
3 259-64
4 357-64
6 456-64
6 554-64
7 652-64
8 751-64
9...1 849-64
10 947-64
15 1439-64
The fineness of gold is also expressed in car-
ats. Pure gold is said to be twenty-four carats
fine. If it contains eight parts of a baser metal
or alloy it is only sixteen carats fine. The
carats therefore indicate the proportion of pure
gold to alloy. Most of the gold used by jewel-
ers is about fourteen carats fine, having ten
parts of alloy.
New carat. Old carat.
20 1931-64
25 2423-64
50 4845-64
75 73 4-64
100 9727-64
200 19454-64
300 29216-64
401) 38943-64
500 487 6-64
1,000 974 12-64
THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS DIAMONDS.
Name. Carats.
Cullinan 3,025
D'Angleterre (blue) 44%
Etoile Polaire 40
Etoile du Sud 124
Grand Due de Toscane. 133.16
Great Mogul 2793-16
Name. Carats.
Impera trice Eugenie — 51
Kohinoor (1st cutting). 279
Kohinoor (2d cutting). 1061-16
Loterie d'Angleterre.... 49
Nassak 78%
Orloff 194%
Name. Carats.
Pacha d'Egypt 40
Regent 136%
Sancy 53%
Shah 86
Tiffany 969
Tiffany ( yellow ) 125
ABBREVIATIONS OF TITLES. DEGREES, ETC.
Following is a list of some of the more com-
mon abbreviations used after the names of per-
sons to designate title, rank, degree, member-
ship in societies, orders or public bodies, etc.:
A. R. A.— Associate of the Royal Academy.
B. A. — Bachelor of Arts.
Bart . — Baronet.
B. D.— Bachelor of Divinity.
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science.
O. B. — Companion of the Bath.
C. E.— Civil Engineer.
C. I. E. — Companion of Order of Indian Empire.
C. J.— Chief Justice.
C. M. G.— Companion of Order of St. Michael
and St. George.
C. V. O.— Companion of Victorian Order.
D. D.— Doctor of Divinity.
D. Sc.— Doctor of Science.
D. S. O.— Distinguished Service Order.
F. R. G. S.— Fellow of the Royal Geographical
Society.
F. R. S.— Fellow of the Royal Society.
J. P.— Justice of the Peace.
K. C.— King's Counsel.
K. C. B.— Knight Commander of the Bath.
K. O. M. G.— Knight Commander of Order of St.
Michael and St. George.
K. C. V. O.— Knight Commander of the Vic-
torian Order.
K. G.— Knight of the Garter.
L. H. D.— Doctor of Humanities.
LL. B.— Bachelor of Laws.
LL. D.— Doctor of Laws.
Litt. D.— Doctor of Literature.
M. A.— Master of Arts.
M. C. — Member of Congress.
M. D.— Doctor of Medicine.
M. P.— Member of Parliament.
M. V. O.— Member of the Victorian Order.
N. A. — National Academician.
O. M.— Order of Merit.
P. C.— Privy Councilor.
Ph. D.— Doctor of Philosophy.
R. A.— Royal Academician.
S. J.— Society of Jesus.
S. T. D.— Doctor of Sacred Theology.
U. S. A.— United States Army.
U. S. N.— United Stater Navy.
V. C.— Victoria Cross.
BURIAL PLACES
George Washington— Mount Vernon, Va.
John Adams — Quincy, Mass.
Thomas Jefferson — Monticello, Va.
James Madison — Montpelier, Va.
James Monroe — Richmond, Va.
John Quincy Adams— Quincy, Mass.
Andrew Jackson— Hermitage, Nashville, Tenn.
Martin Van Buren— Kinderhook, N. Y.
William Henry Harrison— North Bend, O.
John Tyler— Richmond, Va.
James Knox Polk— Nashville, Tenn.
Zachary Taylor— Springfield, Ky.
OF PRESIDENTS.
Millard Fillmore— Buffalo. N. T.
Franklin Pierce— Concord, N. H.
James Buchanan — Lancaster, Pa.
Abraham Lincoln— Springfield, 111.
Ulysses S. Grant— New York, N. T.
Rutherford B. Hayes— Fremont, O.
James A. Garfield— Cleveland, O.
Chester A. Arthur— Albany, N. Y.
Benjamin Harrison— Indianapolis, Ind.
William McKinley— Canton, O.
Grover Cleveland— Princeton, N. J.
ROMAN AND ARABIC NUMERALS.
II ..
2
X
10
Ill
3
L
50
IV
4
C
100
V
B
D ... . ..
.. 500
VI ..
6
M
1000
VII
7
MCMX
1910
VIII ..
.. 8
MCMXIX ..
...1919
THE PULSE AT DIFFERENT AGES.
Newborn infants, per minute 130 to 140
First year, per minute 115 to 131
Socond year, per minute 95 to 110
Third year, per minute 85 to 9!
Seventh to fourteenth year, per minute. 80 to 90
In adult age, per minute 70 to 75
In old age, per minute 60 to 75
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
45
UNITED STATES
Following are the existing tariff rates placed
by the Underwood-Simmons act of 1913 on arti-
cles ill common use or of extensive importation.
A list of the principal articles on the free list
is appended. Amounts given in dollars and cents
are specific and the percentages are ad valorem
duties. The abbreviation "n. s. p." means "not
specially provided for."
DUTIABLE LIST.
Schedule A — Chemicals, Oils and Paints
Acids: Boracic. %c Ib. ; citric, 6c lb.; formic.
l%c lb. ; gallic, 6c lb. ; lactic and oxalic, l%c
lb. ; pyrogallic. 12c lb.: salicylic. 2%c lb. : tan-
nie. Be lb.; tartaric, 3^c lb.; acids n. s. p..
• 15%.
Albumen, dried egg, 3c lb.
Alkalies and comi>ounds of, n. s. p.. 15%.
Alumina and compounds, n. s. p., 15%.
Ammonia, carbonate and muriate, %c lb. ; liquid
anhydrous, 2%c lb.; ammoniacal gas liquor,
10%.
Argols, crude, and calcium tartrate, crude, 5%:
with more than 90 per cent of potassium bi-
tartrate. cream of tartar, Rochelle salts,
2&C 1U.
Balsams, natural and crude; 10%; advanced in
value, 15%.
Barium, chloride of. %c lb. ; dioxide of, l%c lb.;
carbonate of, precipitated, 15%.
Blacking, all kinds, 15%.
Bleaching powder, chloride of lime, 1-lOc lb.
Caffein, $1 lb. : compounds of, 25%.
Calomel, corrosive sublimate, 15%.
Chalk, manufactured, 25%.
Chemical and medicinal compounds, lOc lb. and
20% to 40c lb. and 20%.
Chemical and medicinal compounds In individual
packages of 2% IDS. or less. 20% to 25%.
Chloroform, 2c lb.
Coal tar dyes, n. s. p., 30%.
Coal tar products, not dyes, n. s. p., 5% to 15%.
Cobalt, oxide of, lOc lb.
Collodion, 15%; compounds, 25% to 40%.
Drugs, natural materials for. advanced in value.
10%.
Dyestuffs (see Emergency Revenue Act, this vol-
ume).
Ergot, lOc lb.
Ethers, 4c to 5c lb. ; ethers n. s. p., 20%.
Extracts for dyeing, %c lb.
Formaldehyde, Ic lb.
Fusel oil. Vic lb.
Gelatin, glue and glue size, Ic lb.; valued at
above lOc lb., 15% to 25%.
Glycerin, crude, Ic lb. ; refined, tc lb.
Gums, crude, n. s. p., $1 lb. ; arable, %c lb.;
camphor, crude, 1C lb. ; camphor, refined, 5c lb.
Ink and ink powders, 15%.
lodoform, 15c lb.
Leaves and roots, %c to lOc lb.
Licorice, extracts of. Ic lb.
Lime, citrate of, Ic lb.
Magnesia, l-10c to 3%c lb.
Menthol, 50c lb.
Oils, fish, n. s. p., 3c gal.; whale, 5c gal.;
sperm, 8c gal. ; oils and greases, n. s. p., 15%.
Oils, expressed, castor, 12c gal.; flaxseed and
linseed, lOc gal.; olive, 20c to 30c gal.; other
expressed oils, n. s. p., 15%.
Oils, distilled and essential. 10% to 20% or 6c to
25c lb.
Opium, crude, $3 to $6 lb.; derivatives of, $2 to
$3 oz.
Perfumery, cosmetics, dentifrices, if with alco-
hol, 40c lb. and 60%.; without alcohol, 60%;
perfumes, n. s. p., 20%.
Plasters, curative. 15%.
Pigments, 5% to 25%; lead, 25%; zinc oxide, 10%
to 15%; varnishes, 10%; enamel paints, n. s. p.,
20%.
Potash, bicarbonate and chloride of. %c lb. ;
chromate or bichromate of, Ic lb. ; saltpeter,
refined, $7 ton.
Soaps, perfumed, toilet. 30%; medicinal, 20%;
castile and unperfumed, 10%; other, n. s. p.,
10%.
Soda, benzoate of, Be lb.; alkalies and sulphites
of, J/|C lb. ; sal soda. %c lb.
Sponges, 10%; bleached, 15%.
CUSTOMS DUTIES.
Talcum, 15%.
Vanillin, lOc oz. ; vanilla beans, 30c lb.
Schedule B — Earths, Earthenware and
Glassware.
Brick. 10%; glazed, decorated, 15%.
Cement, 10%.
Tiles, l%c to 5c sq. ft.; 20% to 30%.
Lime, 5%.
Gypsum, 10%.
Pumice stone, unmanufactured, 5%; manufac-
tured, %c lb. or 25%.
Clays or earths, Unmanufactured, n. s. p., 50c
ton; manufactured, $1 to $1.60 ton.
Mica, unmanufactured, 4c lb. to 25%; manufac-
tured, 30%.
Earthenware, common, not ornamented, 15%; or-
namented, 20% to 30%.
Earthenware of nonvitrified absorbent body, 35%
to 40%.
China and porcelain wares, 50% to 55%.
Gas retorts. 10%.
Glass bottles, 30% to 45%.
Glass, window, %c to 2c lb. ; cylinder and crown.
3c to lOc sq. ft.; cast plate, 6c to 12c sq. ft.
and 4% additional if ground, frosted, etc.
Spectacles, 35%.
Lenses, 25%.
Opera glasses, optical Instruments, n. s. p., 35%.
Telescopes, microscopes, photographic lenses,
25%.
Mirrors, stained glass windows, manufactures of
glass, n. s. p., 30%.
Marble, breccia, onyx, rough, 50c cu. ft.; dressed.
75c cu. ft.; paving tiles of, 6c to lOc super-
ficial ft.; mosaic cubes, 20% to 35%.
Marble, breccia, onyx, alabaster. Jet, manufac-
tured into monuments, vases, etc., 45%.
Stone, building, manufactured, 25%; unmanufac-
tured, 3c cu. ft.
Grindstones, $1.50 ton.
Slates, n. s. p.. 10%.
Schedule C — Metals and Manufactures Of.
Chrome metal and other alloys used in manufac-
ture of steel, n. s. p., 15%.
Bar and other rolled or hammered Iron. n. s. p.,
5%.
Beams, girders and other structural iron and
steel, 10%.
Boiler or other plate of iron and steel, n. s. p.,
12%.
Iron and steel anchors, 12%; antifriction balls,
35%.
Hoop, band or scroll iron or steel, n. s. p.,
and Barrel hoops of iron and steel, 10%.
Railway fishplates and splice bars, 10%.
Iron or steel sheets with other metals Imposed
thereon, tin plates, terne plates, 15%.
Steel bars, mill shafting, castings, not contain-
ing alloys, 15%.
Rivet, screw, fence, nail and other iron or steel
wire rods, 10%.
Round iron or steel wire, 15%; wire rope, 30%.
Anvils, 15%.
Automobiles valued at $2,000 or more, 45%; under
$2,000, 30%; parts, 30%.
Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts, 25%.
Axles of iron and steel, 10%.
Blacksmiths' hammers and other tools of iron
and steel, 10%.
Nuts and washers. 5% to 30%.
Cast iron pipe, 10%.
Chains, n. s. p., 20% ; sprocket and machine, 25%.
Iron and steel tubing, n. s. p., 20%.
Knives, razors, etc., with folding blades, 35% to
55%.
Knives, table, etc., with fixed blades, and with-
out handles, 25%; with handles, 30%.
Files and rasps, 25%.
Muskets and rifles, muzzle loading, 15%; breech-
loading guns, 35%.
Needles, 20%.
Fishhooks and fishing tackle, except lines and
nets. 30%.
Steel plates for engraving, stereotype plates,
electrotype plates, 15%; lithographic plates or
stone, 25%.
Saws, 12%.
Screws, 25%.
46
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Aluminum, crude, 2c Ib. ; in plates, bars, rods.
3%c Ib.
Antimony, 10% to 25%.
Argentine. German silver, unmanufactured. 15%.
Bronze, 25%.
Copper. 5%.
Gold leaf, 35%.
Silver leaf, 30%.
Tinsel wire, 6% to 40%.
Buckles, metal, 15%.
Lead-bearing ores, %c Ib. on lead therein.
Lead dross, bullion, in pigs and bars, 25% on lead
therein.
Metallic mineral substances n. s. p.. 10%.
Nickel, 10%; in sheets or strips, 20%.
Pens, metallic, n. s. p., 8c gross.
Penholders, gold pens, combination penholders,
25%,
Pins, metal, not jewelry, 20%.
Type and type metal, 15%.
Watches and clocks, 30%.
Zinc-bearing ores, 10% on zinc therein; In blocks,
pigs or sheets, 15%.
Steam engines, locomotives, printing presses, ma-
chine tools, 15%; lace-making machines, 25%*
Articles of gold, silver and platinum, n. s. p.,
60%; of iron, steel, lead, copper, brass, nickel,
pewter, zinc or aluminum, n. s. p., 20%.
Schedule D — Wood and Manufactures Of.
Brier, ivy or laurel root, unmanufactured, 10%.
Cedar, lignum-vitae, ebony, box, mahogany, rose-
wood, satinwood, in boards and planks, 10%;
veneers of wood, 15%.
Paving posts, railroad ties, telegraph poles. 10%.
Casks, barrels, packing boxes, 15%.
Boxes for fruit, 15%.
Chair cane or reeds, 10%; manufactures of osier
Or willow, 25%.
Toothpicks. 25%.
Blinds, screens of wood, bamboo. 20%; If dyed or
ornamented. 25%.
Furniture of wood, manufactures of wood, n. s.
p.. 15%.
Schedule E — Sugar, Molasses, and Manufac-
tures Of.
Sugars, sirups and concentrated molasses testing
not above 75 degrees, 71-lOOc Ib. ; for every ad-
ditional degree, 26-1000c Ib. ; molasses not above
40 degrees, 15%; testing above 40 degrees, 2*4 c
to 4%c gal.
Maple sugar and sirup, 3c Ib'.; glucose or grape
sugar, l%c Ib. ; sugar cane in natural state,
15%.
Saccharin, 65c Ib.
Sugar candy and confectionery, n. s. p., valued
at I5c Ib. or less. 2c Ib. ; valued at more than
15c Ib., 25%.
Schedule F — Tobacco and Manufactures Of.
Wrapper tobacco, leaf tobacco, unstemmed, $1.85
Ib. ; stemmed, $2.50 Ib.
All other tobacco n. s. p., 55c Ib. ; scrap tobacco,
35c Ib.
Snuff, 55c Ib.
Cigars and cigarettes, $4.50 Ib. and 25%.
Schedule G — Agricultural Products and,
Provisions.
Horses and mules. 10%.
Live animals n. s. p., 10%.
Barley, 15c bu. ; barley malt, 25c bu. ; pearled or
bulled. Ic Ib.
Macaroni, vermicelli, Ic Ib.
Oats. 6c Ib. ; oatmeal, 30c 100 Ibs.
Rice, cleaned, ic Ib. ; uncleaned, %c Ib.
Biscuits and cakes containing confectionery or
nuts, 25%.
Butter and butter substitutes, 2%c Ib.
Chees-e, 20%.
Beans and lentils n. s. p.. 25c bu.
Beets. 5%.
Beans, peas, in tins, jars, etc., Ic Ib.
Vegetables, prepared. 25%; in natural state,
n. s. p., 15%.
Pickles n. s. p., 25%.
Cider, 2c gal.
Eggs, preserved, 2c Ib.; dried, lOc IB.
Hay, $2 ton.
Honey, lOc gal.
Hops. 16c Ib.
Garlic, ic Ib.
Onions, 20c bu,
Peas, green or dried, in bulk, lOc bu.; split peas,
20c bu.; peas in packages, %c Ib.
Orchids, palms, azalea indica, cut flowers, 25%:
other flowers, $1 to $10 per 1,000.
Fruit plants, $1 per 1,000; rose plants, 4c each;
nursery and greenhouse stock, n. s. p., 15%.
Seeds: Castor. 15c bu.; oil seeds, n. s. p., 20c
bu. ; poppy, 15c Ib. ; canary seed, %c Ib.; cara-
way, Ic Ib. ; anise, 2c Ib. ; carrot, parsley,
parsnip, radish, turnip, rutabaga, 3c Ib. ; other
seeds, 5c to 6c Ib.
Straw, 50c ton.
Fish packed in oil, 25%; in tin packages, 15%.
Apples, peaches, quinces, cherries, plums and
pears, lOc bu. ; berries, edible, in natural con-
dition, %c qt. ; cranberries, 10%; dried or pre-
pared fruits, n. s. p., ic Ib.
Figs, 2c Ib. ; plums, prunes. Ic Ib. ; raisins, 2c
Ib. ; dates, Ic Ib. ; currants, l%c Ib. ; olives,
15c gal.
Grapes in barrels, 25c cu. ft.
Lemons, limes, oranges in packages of 1'A cu.
ft. or less, 18c per package; in larger packages
up to 5 cu. ft., 35c to 70c per package; in
packages exceeding 5 cu. ft. or in bulk, %c Ib.
Pineapples in packages, 6c cu. ft. of package; in
bulk, $5 per 1,000.
Almonds, not shelled, 3c Ib. ; shelled, 4c Ib.
Filberts, walnuts, not shelled, 2c Ib. ; shelled.
4c Ib.
Peanuts, unshelled, %c Ib.; shelled, %c Ib.
Nuts, n. s. p.. ic Ib.
Venison, game, l%c Ib. ; game birds, dressed.
30%.
Poultry, live, Ic Ib. ; dead, 2c Ib.
Chicory root, unground, ic Ib. ; ground, 2c Ib.
Chocolate and cocoa, unsweetened, n. s. p., 8%:
sweetened, n. s. p., valued at 20c Ib. or less.
2c Ib.; at more than 20c Ib., 25%.
Cocoa butter. 3%c Ib.
Dandelion root, substitutes for coffee, 2c Ib.
Starch, potato, Ic Ib. ; other starch, %c Ib.
Spices, unground, ic to 18c Ib. ; ground, 20% addi-
tional.
Vinegar, 4c gal.
Schedule II — Spirits, Wines and Other Bever-
ages.
Brandy and other distilled spirits. $2.60 proof
gal.
Cordials, liqueurs, bitters, etc., containing spir-
its, $2.60 proof gal.
Bay rum, $1.75 gal.
Champagne in bottles of more than 1 pint to 1
quart, $9.60 doz. ; of more than % pint to 1
pint, $4.80 doz. ; % pint or less, $2.40 doz. ;
more than 1 quart, in addition to $9.60 doz.
bottles, on excess quantity above 1 quart at
rate of $3 gal.
Still wines, 45c to 60c gal. or $1.85 per case.
Ale, porter, stout, beer, in bottles or jugs, 45c
gal.; not in bottles or jugs, 23c gal.
Malt extract, fluid, in casks, 23c gal. ; in bottlea
or jugs, 45c gal. ; solid, 45%.
Fruit juices, 70c to 80c gal. and in addition $2.07
proof gal. on alcohol.
Ginger ale or beer, lemonade, soda water, con-
taining no alcohol, 12c to 28c doz. bottles, ac-
cording to size.
Mineral waters, lOc to 20c doz. bottles, accord-
ing to size; in bottles of more than 1 quart,
18c gal.; in bulk, 8c gal.
Schedule I — Cotton Manufactures.
Cotton thread, yarn, warps, not combed,
bleached, dyed, mercerized or colored, 5% to
27^%. according to number.
Spool thread of cotton, crochet, darning and em-
broidery cottons, 15%.
Cotton cloth, not bleached, dyed, printed, figured
or mercerized, 7%% to 30%, according to number.
Cloth of cotton and silk, 30%; waterproof cloth
of cotton, 25%.
Cotton handkerchiefs, not hemmed, n. s. p..
25%; hemmed, 30%.
Gotten clothing, ready made, 30%.
Plushes, velvets, chiefly of cotton, 40%.
Curtains and other articles of cotton chenille,
35*7
Stockings, hose, of cotton, made on knitting ma-
chines, n. s. p., 20%.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
47
Stockings, hose, of cotton, made on machines or
knit by hand, valued at not more than TOc per
doz. pair, 30%,; valued at more than TOc and
not more than $1.20, 40%; valued at more than
$1.20, 50%.
Cotton gloves, 35%.
Cotton underwear, 30%.
Cotton bandings, belts, cords, suspenders. 25%.
Cotton table damask, 25%.
Cotton towels, quilts, blankets, 25%.
Cotton lace window curtains, 35% to 45%.
Cotton cloth, n. B. p., 30%.
Schedule J — Flax, Hemp and Jute and Manu-
factures Of.
Single yarns of jute, 15% to 20%.
Cables of istle, manila, etc.. Ic Ib.
Threads of lias, hemp or ramie, 20% to 25%.
Single yarns of flax, hemp or ramie, 10% to 20%.
Gill nettings, nets and seines of flax, hemp or
ramie, 25%.
Floor mattings of straw, 2J/4c sq. yd.
Carpets, mats, rugs of flax, hemp, jute, 30%.
Tape's of flax, 20%.
Linoleum, 20% to 35%.
Linen shirt collars and cuffs, 30%.
Wearing apparel of flax, hemp or ramie, 40%.
Articles of flax, hemp or ramie, n. s. p., 40%.
Handkerchiefs of flax, hemp or ramie, 35% to
40%.
Plain woven fabrics of flax, hemp or ramie,
n. s. p.; 30%.
Istle or tampico, dressed, dyed and combed, 20%.
Schedule K — Wool and Manufactures Of.
Combed wool or tops advanced beyond scoured
condition, n. s. p., 8%.
Yarns of wool, 18%.
Woolen cloth, 35%; cloth of cattle or horse hair,
25%; plushes, velvets, etc.. of wool, 40%:
stockings, hose, made on knitting machines, all
•wool, 20%; stockings, selvaged, fashioned or
shaped by machine or by hand, valued at not
more than $1.20 per doz. pairs, 30%; valued at
more than $1.20, 40%.
Blankets and flannels of wool, 25% to 30%.
Women's and children's dress goods of wool,
n. s. p., 35%.
Clothing, ready made, Including shawls, of wool,
35%.
Webbings, suspenders, beltings, cords, etc., of
wool, 35%.
Aubusson, Axminster, moquette and chenille car-
pets, 35%.
Saxony, Wilton and Tournay velvet carpets, 30%.
Brussels carpets, 25%.
Tapestry Brussels carpets, 20%.
Treble ingrain, three-ply carpets, 20%.
Carpets and rugs woven whole for rooms, 50%.
Hair of Angora goat, alpaca. 15%: tops of, 20%;
yarns of, 25%; cloth of, 40%; plushes and vel-
vets of, 45%.
Schedule L — Silks and Silk Goods.
Carded or combed silk, 20c Ib.
Spun silk or sehappe silk yarn, 35%.
Velvets, plushes, chenilles of silk, 50%.
Silk handkerchiefs and muflJers, 40% to 50%.
Ribbons, etc., of silk, 45%.
Clothing of silk, 50%.
Woven fabrics of silk, n. s. p., 45%.
Artificial or imitation silk fabrics and articles,
35% to 60%.
Schedule M — Papers and Books.
Sheathing paper, roofing felt, paper-box board,
5%.
Printing paper, japan paper, suitable for books
and newspapers but not for covers or bindings.
n. s. p., valued above 5c Ib., 12%; in the
case of imports from countries charging an ex-
port duty or export license fee on printing pa-
per or wood pulp an additional duty equal to
the highest export duty or export charge shall
be imposed. (See Emergency Revenue Act, this
volume.)
Copying paper, tissue paper, filtering paper, 30%.
Paper with surface coated in any way, 25% to
Lithographed pictures, cards, booklets, 15c to
60c Ib.
Writing paper, 25%.
Paper envelopes, 15%.
Books of all kinds, bound or unbound, includins
blank books, engravings, photographs, etchings,
maps, charts, music in books or sheets, 15%.
Albums, 25%.
Playing cards, 60%.
Postcards, not including American views, printed
except by lithographic process, 25%.
Schedule N — Sundries.
Beads, 35%.
Braids, ramie hat, 40%.
Braids of straw, grass, willow, etc., suitable for
ornamenting hats, not trimmed, 16% to 25%:
trimmed, 40%.
Brooms, 15%; brushes and feather dusters, 35%.
Bristles, sorted, 7c Ib.
Buttons, 15% to 40%.
Cork and articles of, 12c to 15c Ib. ; cork paper,
35%; manufactures of cork, n. s. p., iO%.
Dice, dominoes, chessmen, billiard balls, etc.. of
ivory, bone or other materials, 50%.
Dolls, marbles and toys not of china, porcelain,
earthen or stone ware, 35%.
Emery, Ic Ib. ; emery wheels, 20%.
Firecrackers, 6c Ib. ; fireworks, lOc Ib.
Matches, 3c per gross of 144 boxes; not in boxes.
%c per 1,000 matches; wax matches, tapers,
25%; white phosphorus matches not admitted.
Percussion caps, cartridges, 15%; blasting caps.
$1 per 1,000; mining fuses, 15%.
Feathers, crude, 20%; dressed, 40%: suitable for
millinery, 60%; Importation of aigrettes, egret
plumes, osprey plumes or feathers, heads,
wings, tails and skins of wild birds, except
for scientific purposes, forbidden.
Furs dressed on the skin, 30%; manufactures of
furs, 40%.
Fans, except common palm leaf. 50%.
Gun wads, 10%.
Hair, human, raw, 10%; drawn, 20%; manufac-
tures of, n. s. p., 35%.
Hair for mattresses, 10%.
Hair cloth or crinoline, 6c sq. yd.
Hats of fur, 45%.
Jewelry, valued at above 20c per doz. pieces,
60%.
Diamonds and precious stones in the rough, not
set, 10%; cut but not set. 20%.
Laces, n. s. p., 60%.
Chamois skins. 15%.
Leather, manufactures of, 30%.
Gloves, leather, $1 to $2.50 doz. pairs.
Manufactures of amber, asbestos or wax, 10% to
20%.
Manufactures of India rubber. 15%,; of palm leaf,
15% ; of bone and horn, 20% ; of grass straw and
weeds, 25%; combs of horn, 25%.
Ivory tusks in natural state, 20% ; manufactures
of ivory, 35%; manufactures of shell, 25%.
Matting of cocoa fiber or rattan, 5c sq. ft.
Moss and sea grass, manufactured or dyed, 10%.
Musical Instruments and parts of, 36%,
Phonographs, graphopbones, 25%.
Works of art, n. s. p., 15%.
Pencils of wood, lead pencils, 36c gross; slate
pencils. 25%.
Pencil leads, 10%.
Photographic cameras and dry plates, n. s. p.,
15%; moving picture film, exposed but not de-
veloped. 2c ft.; exposed and developed, 3c ft.;
film subject to censorship.
Clay pipes, 25%; other pipes and all smokers' ar-
ticles, 50%; meerschaum, 20%.
Hatters' plush, 10%.
Umbrellas. 35%; sticks for umbrellas, walking
canes, 30%.
ON THE FREE LIST.
Acids: Acetic, carbolic, muriatic, nitric, phos-
phoric, sulphuric.
Agricultural implements.
Alcohol, methyl or wood.
Alizarin.
Ammonia, sulphate, perchlorate, nitrate of.
Antimony ore.
Animals, pure bred, for breeding.
Antitoxins, vaccine virus, serums.
Arsenic.
Art works — See works of art.
Asbestos, unmanufactured.
Aspcaltum and limestone rock asphalt.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Bagging for cotton.
Balm of Gilead.
Barks (quinine).
Beeswax.
Bibles.
Binding twine.
Bismuth.
Bitumen.
Bolting cloths for milling purposes only.
Bones, crude.
Books, printed more than twenty years.
Books in foreign languages.
Books for blind.
Boots and shoes, leather.
Borax.
Brass for remanufacture.
Bristles, crude.
Broom corn.
Buckwheat and buckwheat flour.
Bullion, gold or silver.
Cash registers.
Castor or castoreum.
Cement.
Chalk, crude.
Charcoal.
Charts, printed more than twenty years.
Chromate of iron.
Coal, coal tar.
Cobalt.
Cochineal.
Coffee.
Coins.
Coke.
Copper ore.
Coral, unmanufactured.
Cork wood or bark, unmanufactured.
Corn or maize, corn meal.
Cotton and cotton waste or flocks.
Curling stones.
Cream separators.
Curry and curry powder.
Dandelion roots, unground.
Dragon's Wood.
Drugs, crude materials for and nonalcoholic, un-
compounded, n. s. p.
Dyestuffs (see Emergency Revenue Act, this vol-
ume).
Emery ore and corundum.
Engravings and etchings more than twenty years
old.
Fans, palm leaf.
Fish, fresh water: flsh, n. s. D.
Flax straw.
Flint, flint stones, unground.
Fossils.
Fruits or berries, green, ripe or dried, n. s. p.
Fulminates.
Furs, undressed.
Gloves, leather, of horsehide, pigskins and cattle
hides, except calfskin.
Grasses and fibers, unmanufactured, n. s. p.
Grease for soap making, n. s. p.
Guano, manures.
Gunpowder for mining, blasting and artillery pur-
poses.
Gutta percha, crude.
Hair of animals, unmanufactured, n. s. p.
Hemp.
Hide cuttings, raw.
Hide rope.
Hides of cattle.
Hones and whetstones.
Hoop iron or steel, for baling cotton.
Ice.
India rubber, crude.
Indigo, indigo dyes.
Iodine, crude.
Ipecac.
Iron ore. pig iron, spiegeleisen, wrought iron,
ferro manganese; iron in slabs, blooms, n. s. p.
Jalap.
Jet. unmanufactured.
Lard.
Leather, n. s. p.
Lemon juice.
Linotype machines.
Lithographic prints more than twenty years old.
Lithographic stones.
Manuscripts.
Maps more than twenty years old.
Meats: Fresh beef, veal, mutton, lamb and
pork; bacon and hams; meats of all kinds,
n. s. p.
Medals.
Milk and cream.
Mineral salts from evaporation.
Minerals, crude, n. s. p.
Miners' rescue appliances.
Models of inventions.
Music more than twenty years old.
Nails, cut, of iron or steel, hobnails, all uaila
n. s. p.
Needles.
Newspapers and periodicals.
Nuts: Marrons, cocoanuts, palm nuts, not pre-
pared.
Oakum.
Oil cake.
Oils: Cocoanut, cod, cod liver, cottonseed, cro-
ton, palm, nut; petroleum, crude or refined;
kerosene, benzine, naphtha, gasoline, paraffin;
fish oils of American fisheries.
Oleo stearin.
Ores of gold, silver, nickel, platinum.
Paper stock, crude, for paper making.
Photographs, printed more than twenty years.
Printing paper for books and newspapers, n. s.
p., valued at not above 2%c Ib.
Parchment and vellum. •
Paris green.
Phosphates, crude.
Phosphorus.
Photographic and moving picture films, not ex-
posed or developed.
Platinum, unmanufactured.
Plumbago.
Potatoes.
Quinia, sulphate of.
Radium and salts of.
Railway bars of iron or steel, T rails and
punched iron or flat steel rails.
Rags, n. s. p.
Rye and rye flour.
Sago, crude, and sago flour.
Salt.
Seeds: Cauliflower, celery, cotton, mustard, sor-
ghum, sugar beet; bulbs and bulbous roots, not
edible; all flower and grass seeds.
Sewing machines.
Shoes and boots, leather.
Shrimps, lobsters.
Silk cocoons.
Silk, raw, in skeins but not advanced in manu-
facture.
Silkworm eggs.
Skins of hares, rabbits, dogs, goats and sheep,
undressed.
Skins of all kinds n. s. p.
Soda.
Spikes, cut.
Stamps.
Statuary for use as models.
Steel ingots.
Stone and sand.
Sulphur.
Swine.
Tallow.
Tanning materials, not containing alcohol.
Tapioca, tapioca flour.
Tar and pitch of wood.
Tea, n. s. p. ; tea plants.
Teeth, natural.
Textbooks.
Tin ore, tin in bars, blocks or pigs.
Tobacco stems.
Tungsten-bearing ores.
Typewriters.
Uranium.
Wax, vegetable or mineral.
Wearing apparel, articles of personal adorn,
ment, toilet articles and similar personal ef-
fects, not for sale or for other persons than
the owners. In the case of residents of the
United States returning from abroad nil wear-
Ing apparel, personal and household effects
taken by them out of the United States to for-
eign countries shall be admitted free of duty,
without regard to their value, upon their iden-
tity being established under appropriate rules
ALMANAC AND TEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
49
and regulations to be prescribed by the secre-
tary of the treasury. Up to but not exceeding
$100 in value of articles acquired abroad by
such residents of the United States for per-
sonal or household use or as souvenirs or cu-
rios, but not bought on commission or intended
for sale, shall be admitted free of duty.
Whalebone, unmanufactured.
Wheat and wheat flour except when imported
from a country imposing a duty on wheat and
wheat flour exported from the United States.
Wire for fencing or baling purposes.
Wood: Logs, timber, pulp woods, kindling wood,
firewood, hop poles, hoop poles, fence posts,
hubs for wheels, posts, sawed boards, laths,
pickets, palings, staves, shingles, ship timber,
broom handles.
Woods: Cedar, lignum vitse, lancewood, ebony,
box. granadilla, mahogany, rosewood, satin-
wood and other cabinet woods in the log,
rough or hewn only; red cedar timber, hewn,
sided, squared or round: sticks of partridge
hair wood, pimento, orange, myrtle and other
woods n. s. p., in the rough.
Wood pulp, mechanically ground, chemical and
rag pulp.
Wool of the sheep, hair of the camel and other
like animals.
Wool waste.
Works of art: Original paintings, drawings, art-
ists' proof etchings unbound, engravings un-
bound, printed by hand, original sculptures:
works of art imported for exhibition purposes
or for presentation to a public institution.
Works of art (except rugs and carpets) which
shall have been produced more than 100 years
prior to the date of importation.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS.
Trade Agreements.
For the purpose of readjusting the present du-
ties on importations into the United States and
at the same time to encourage the export trade
of this country, the president of the United
States is authorized and empowered to negotiate
trade agreements with foreign nations wherein
mutual concessions are made looking toward
freer trade relations and further reciprocal ex-
pansion of trade and commerce: Provided, how-
ever, That said trade agreements before becom-
ing operative shall be submitted to the congress
of the United States for ratification or rejection.
Marking and Branding.
All articles of foreign manufacture or produc-
tion which are capable of being marked,
stamped, branded or labeled, without injury,
shall be marked, stamped, branded or labeled in
legible English words, in a conspicuous place
that shall not be covered or obscured by any
subsequent attachments or arrangements, so as
to indicate the country of origin. All packages
containing imported articles shall be marked,
stamped, branded or labeled so as to indicate
legibly and plainly in English words the country
of origin and the quantity of their contents.
Discriminating Duties.
A discriminating duty of 10 per centum ad va-
lorem, in addition to the duties imposed by law.
shall be levied, collected and paid on all goods,
wares or merchandise which shall be imported in
vessels not of the United States, or which, being
the production or manufacture of any foreign
country not contiguous to the United States,
shall come into the United States from such
contiguous country; but this discriminating duty
shall not apply to goods, wares or merchandise
which shall be imported in vessels not of the
United States entitled at the time of such im-
portation by treaty or convention or act of con-
gress to be entered in the ports of the United
States on payment of the same duties as shall
then be payable on goods, wares and merchan-
dise imported in vessels of the United States,
nor to such foreign products or manufactures as
shall be imported from sucn contiguous countries
in the usual course of strictly retail trade.
No goods, wares or merchandise, unless in
cases provided for by treaty, shall be imported
into the United States from any foreign port or
place, except in vessels of the United States, or
in such foreign vessels as truly and wholly be-
long to the citizens or subjects of that country
of which the goods are the growth, production or
manufacture, or from which such goods, wares
or merchandise can only be, or most usually are,
first shipped for transportation. All goods, wares
or merchandise imported contrary to this section,
and the vessel wherein the same shall be im-
ported, shall be forfeited to the United States.
The preceding subsection shall not apply to
vessels or goods, wares or merchandise imported
in vessels of a foreign nation which does not
maintain a similar regulation against vessels of
the United States.
Discount for American Ships.
A discount of 5 per centum on all duties im-
posed by this act shall be allowed on such goods,
wares and merchandise as shall be imported in
vessels admitted to registration under the laws
of the United States: Provided, That nothing in
this subsection shall be so construed as to abro-
gate or in any manner impair or affect the pro-
visions of any treaty concluded between the
United States and any foreign nation.
SYNOPSIS OF TARIFF LEGISLATION SINCE 1884.
Morrison Bills— First bill presented to 48th
congress during Chester A. Arthur's administra-
tion; proposed a horizontal reduction of 20 per
cent with free iron ore, coal and lumber: de-
feated in house April 15, 1884, by vote of 159 to
155; house heavily democratic and senate repub-
lican. Second bill presented to 49th congress dur-
ing Grover Cleveland's first administration; simi-
lar to first bill, proposing free wool, salt and
lumber: defeated in house June 17. 1886, by a
vote of 157 to 140; house democratic, senate re-
publican.
Mills Bill— Presented to 50th congress during
Cleveland's first administration; provided for free
lumber and wool, reduction on pig iron and
abolition of specific duties on cotton; passed by
bouse July 21, 1888, by vote of 162 to 149, but
failed in senate; house democratic, senate repub-
lican.
McKinley Bill— Passed by 51st congress, during
Benjamin Harrison's administration: became law
Oct. 6, 1890: high protective measure, though re-
mitting duties on sugar and providing for reci-
procity treaties: both houses of congress repub-
lican.
Wilson Bill — Passed by 53d congress during
Cleveland's second administration : became law
Aug. 17. 1894, without the president's signature;
both houses democratic- measure reduced duties
in some cases and made additions to free list,
notably wool.
Dingley Bill — Passed by 54th congress during
McKinley's administration; approved July 24,
1897; passed by house 205 yeas to 122 nays, 27
members not voting: passed by senate 38 yeas to
28 nays, 23 not voting; house contained 206 re-
publicans and 134 democrats and senate 46 re-
publicans and 34 democrats: measure raised
rates to produce more revenue, but was similar
in many respects to the McKinley act.
Payne-Aldrich Bill — Passed at extra session of
61st congress in first year of President William
H. Taft's administration: approved Aug. 5. 1909:
passed the house by a vote of 217 to 161 and the
senate by a vote of 45 to 34. The conference
vote in the house was 195 yeas to 183 nays,
twenty republicans voting in the negative and
two democrats in the affirmative. In the senate
the vote on the final conference report was 47
to 31, seven republicans voting against it. In
general the revision of the Dingley act was in
the direction of lower duties, but there were
some increases.
Underwood-Simmons Bill— Passed by 63d con-
gress at extra session called immediately after
President Wilson's inauguration in 1913: house
and senate democratic. The bill made many re-
ductions in the tariff duties as fixed by the
Payne-Aldrich law and placed numerous articles
on the free list. It also contained a section
establishing a tax on incomes.
50
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
SHIPPING DATA.
[Compiled by Charles H. Hughes.]
SHIPPING MEASURE.
One register ton=100 cubic feet.
From tlie table, average American coal stows
43 cubic fevit per ton of 2,240 pounds, so
One Uriited States shipping ton^40 cubic feet or 182§aa=4-186 tons-the number she would carry
32.14 United States bushels or 31.16 imperial
bushels.
One British shipping ton=42 cubic feet or 32.72
NOTE — The following table is based on a ton
of 2,240 pounds. If the cubic feet per ton of
2,000 pounds is required, multiply the figures
given by .892:
MARINER'S
6 feet=l fathom.
120 fathoms=l cable len
5,280 feet=l statute or
6,080 feet=l knot or nai
3 knots=l league.
CIRCULAR
60 seconds=l minute.
60 minutes=l degree.
90 de'grees=l quadrant.
4 quadrants or 360 degr
SHIPPING
16 ounces=l pound.
112 pound*=One hundre
20 hundredweight or 2,24
WEIGHTS OF MATER
CUBIC
Material. Weight.
Metals-
Wrought iron 480
Cast iron 451
Cast steel 490
MEASURE.
gth.
land mile,
itical mile.
MEASURE.
ees=l circumference.
WEIGHT.
Iweight.
0 pounds=l ton.
[ALS IN POUNDS PER
FOOT.
Material. Weight.
Juniper 35
*Cub. ft.
Material. per ton.
Apples in boxes 90
Asphs>lt 17
•Cub. ft.
Material. per ton.
Maize in bags 50
Bulk 49
Marble 14
Barlev in bulk 47
Bags 59
Meat — Beef, packed
and frozen 93
Hung in quarters 125
Mutton 110
Beer in hogsheads. 54
Bottles and cases 80
Bran in bags 110
Millet in bags 50
Molasses in bulk... 25
Oats in bags 78
Compressed, bales 80
Brandy in casks 80
Bottled in cases.. 55
Buckwheat in bags 65
Butter in cases or
kegs 70
Bulk 60
Oatmeal in sacks... 65
Oil— Lubricating, in
casks 60
Oranges in boxes... 90
Paper in rolls 120
Cement in casks... 46
Coal (American, av-
erage) 43
Peas in bags 50
Potatoes in bags... 55
Barrels 68
Copper ore 15
Rice in bags 48
Lignum vita.- 62
Linden 37
Locust 46
Cotton, pressed, in
bales 130
Fish in cases 95
Sago 55
Salt in barrels 52
Bulk 37
Nickel steel 491
Brass 520
Manganese bronze 535
Copper 550
Maple 42
Oak (live) 69
Oak (white) . 48
Poplar 30
Flax 88
Flour in barrels 60
Bags 47
Fuel oil 39
Bags 48
Tar in barrels .. 54
Tea in chests 100
Ties, railroad 50
Lead 710
Gold (pure) 1,200
Magnesium 109
Spruce 28
Sycamore 37
Teak 51
Gravel 23
Hay, compressed... 110
Hams in barrels 70
Hemp, American,
in bales 105
Herrings, in barrels 60
Hides in bales 120
Ice 39
Iron pig 10
Salt 35
Wheat in bags 52
Mercury 846
Nickel 548
Platinum 1,347
Silver 655
Tin 458
Zinc 436
White pine 35
Yellow pine 38
Walnut 36
Willow 34
Miscellaneous —
Common brick 113
Woods — Sawn into
planks —
Ash 39
Beech 51
Elm 60
Fir .. .65
Woods— Apple 47
Ash 45
Beech 46
Birch 41
Box 70
Cedar 39
Cellulose 7.5
Concrete 130
Granite 170
Gypsum 140
Limestone 180
Corrugated sheets 36 Mahogany 34
Kegs of nails.... 20 Oak 39
Jute, bale 58 Wool in bales 100
Lead, pig 8 *Ton of 2,240 pounds.
Pipes, diff't sizes 12
DEFINITIONS.
Displacement is the amount of water displaced
by a vessel. If a vessel is floating in equilibrium
in still water, the weight of the water she dis-
places equals the weight of the vessel herself
with everything on board.
The displacement in cubic feet when floating in
salt water divided by 35 (36 if in fresh water*
gives the total weight of a ship and her cargo
in tons, as 35 cubic feet of salt water weighs one
ton (2,240 pounds) and 36 of fresh water the same
amount.
The displacement of a steel vessel is calculated
to the molded lines (that is, to the outside of the
frames) and no allowance is made as a rule for
the thickness of the shell plating. For wooden
vessels (motor boats, tugs, lighters, etc.) the dis-
placement is calculated to the outside of the
planking.
Dead weight is the carrying capacity of a ves-
sel and includes the tons of cargo and coal.
Register ton measurement is the measurement
based on a ton of 2,240 pounds occupying 100
cubic feet.
Gross tonnage Is the measurement in register
tons of the interior capacity of the entire ship.
Net tonnage is the measurement in register tons
upon which payment Is made, and is the volume
of the space available for cargo and passengers.
Block coefllcient is the ratio of the volume of
the displacement to the volume of a block having
the same length, breadth and draft as the vessel.
Cargo vessels have block coefficients ranging
from .75 to .85, while fast passenger steamers
have block coefficients of about .Co.
Marble 170
Chestnut • . 35
Sand 110
Cork 15
Sandstone 145
Stone 180
Soapstone 170
Ebony 76
Elm 38
Hard coal 60
Fir . 37
Ice 56
Hackmatack 37
Hemlock 24
Fresh water 62.5
Salt water 64
Crude oil average 63.5
US WEIGHTS.
Material and unit. Lbs.
Oats 32
Hickory 48
Holly 47
MISCELLANEO
Material and unit. Lbs.
One keg— nails 100
One barrel— flour. . . 196
Pork or beef 200
Salt 280
Potatoes 60
Rye 56
Timothy seed — 45
Wheat 60
One bushel — oysters 80
Clams 100
One gallon — mo-
lasses 12
Seven bags of
sugar 2,240
Barley 48
Beans 60
Buckwheat 48
Castor beans 50
Clover seed 60
Corn (shelled).... 56
Corn (on cob)... 70
Malt 34
Eleven bags of
potatoes 2,240
One bag of flour... 140
One gallon of crude
oil 8%
Onions 57
(FIRED FOR DIFFER-
FERIALS.
las a capacity of 180,000
coal. How many tons
STORAGE SPACE REC
ENT MA
Example — A steamer 1
cubic fe-it for carrying
will she carry?
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
61
If the length, width and draft of a vessel are
multiplied by the block coefficient and this prod-
uct divided by the weight of water per ton (36
cubic feet for fresh and 35 for salt water per ton
of 2,240 pounds) the displacement of the vessel
will be obtained.
SHIPPING TERMS.
f. o. b. steamer (free on board steamer); goods
to be delivered on board steamer by seller at no
extra charge to purchaser.
f. a. s. steamer (free at side steamer); goods
to be delivered at side of steamer by seller.
t. t. a. steamer (free from alongside steamer);
the seller pays lighterage charges in the port of
destination from the steamer.
c. i. f. (cost, Insurance and freight); the goods
are delivered to the purchaser with the insur-
ance and freight paid by the seller.
c. f. (cost and freight); the goods are deliv-
ered to the purchaser with the freight paid by
the seller, but no insurance.
f. o. (free over side); the goods are delivered
over the side of a vessel; that is, to a lighter or
on to a pier, without any extra charge to the
purchaser.
Bill of lading (b. 1.) Is a receipt for goods de-
livered to a carrier for transportation. The bills
of lading of some steamship companies contain
the following clause: "Freight is to be consid-
ered earned at time of receipt of shipment and is
to be paid whether vessel or goods are lost or
not." In foreign trade bills of lading are gen-
erally made out in triplicate, one for the shipper,
one for the consignee and one for the captain of
the vessel.
"With exchange" on a draft means that the
party on whom the draft Is drawn is to pay the
cost of collection.
Demurrage— A charge for delay In loading or
unloading a vessel.
Lay days are the days agreed upon by the
shipper and captain or agent of a vessel for
loading and discharging a cargo, beyond which a
demurrage will be paid to the owners of the ves-
sel. Sundays and legal holidays do not count un-
less the term "running days" is Inserted, in
which case all days are Included.
Manifest— A document signed by the captain of
a vessel containing a list of the goods and mer-
chandise on board with their destination, for the
use of the custom house officials. By United
States Revised Statutes 2807 it is required to
contain the names of the ports of loading and
destination, a description of the vessel and her
port, names of owners and master, names of con-
signees and of passengers and lists of the pas-
sengers' baggage and of the sea stores.
Clearance papers — When ready for sea the cus-
toms officials must be provided with a detail
manifest of the ship's cargo. If the port charges
have been paid and her cargo is properly account-
ed for, then the collector of the port will fur-
nish the captain with clearance papers, without
which the vessel must not leave port.
Drawback — A refund of duties paid on imported
mate-rial that is used in the manufacture of goods
that are exported. The United States govern-
ment allows the exporter the Import duty paid,
less 1 por cent.
Salvage— The reward granted by law for saving
life and property at sea.
Jettison— The throwing overboard of a part of
the cargo or any article on board of a ship for
the purpose of lightening the ship in case of
necessity.
Bill of health— A certificate stating that the
vessel comes from a port where no contagious
disease prevails, and tliat none of the passengers
(If carried) nor the crew at the time of depar-
ture was infected with any disease.
MARINE INSTTIANCE.
A contract of marine insurance is a contract of
indemnity whereby the insurer undertakes to
Indemnify the insured in the manner and to the
extent agreed against marine losses; 1. e., the
losses incident to marine adventure.
Unless specially mentioned in the policy, goods
are not insured until they are on board of the
Vessel which is to carry them. Below are brief
outlines of clauses and terms occurring in poli-
cies.
General average — Suppose a vessel springs a leak
and to save her from sinking the captaiu throws
overboard a portion of her cargo. The last ship-
ment loaded on board is generally the first to
come out.
If the shipment is fully Insured the underwrit-
ers will pay the amount assessed against the
goods, but whether the goods are insured or not
the general average will make good to the owner
the value of the goods which were jettisoned less
the assessment which the owner is called upon
to pay. It is safe to figure that all policies of
insurance on goods cover and protect the mer-
chant against assessments in general average.
Thus a merchant can suffer considerable loss
by reason of assessment levied against his goods
in general average, although the goods arrive at
their destination in a perfectly sound condition-
but such losses can be fully covered by insurance.
Free of particular average (f. p. a.)— Under
American conditions it is understood that no
claim for partial loss or damage will be allowed
by the underwriters unless the loss or damage is
caused by the vessel's having been burned,
stranded, sunk or In collision.
With average (w. a.)— This means that no
claim will be made on the underwriters for par-
tial loss caused by sea perils unless the damage
amounts to 5 per cent or more of the value of
the shipment.
Free of all average (f. a. a.)— This, as the
clause signifies, means free of all average.
Collision or ruling or running down clause (r.
d. c.)— This is a clause In which the underwrit-
ers take a burden of a proportion, usually three-
quarters, of the damage inflicted on other vessels
by collision for which the insured vessel is held
to blame. Sometimes this clause Is extended to
cover the whole of the assured's liabilities aris-
ing out of the damage done to property by the
collision of the insured vessel with another and
the clause is then known as the "four- fourths
running down clause."
Incharmee clause—This clause covers loss of
or damage to hull and machinery through the
negligence of master, mariners, engineers and pi-
lots, or through explosions, bursting of boilers,
breakage of shafts or through any latent defect
in the machinery or hull, provided such loss or
damage has not resulted from want of due dili-
gence by the owners of the ship or by the man-
ager.
BROMINE PRODUCTION IN 1917.
Some of the asphyxiating gases used so ex-
tensively in the European war contain bromine,
a heavy brown liquid which gives off a vapor
that attacks the nose and throat aria has a
very harmful effect on the eyes. This same
liquid is made into salts that are widely used
in peaceful pursuits, as bromide of silver, used
in photography, and bromide of potassium,
used in medicine for treating1 nervous diseases.
Bromine was extracted from bittern at eleven
plants in Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia in
1917. According to R. W. Stone of the
United States greological survey, about 903,860
pounds of bromine was produced and sold at
these plants in 1917, an increase of 215,600
pounds from the production in 1916.
PRODUCTION OF PORTLAND CEMENT.
The year 1917 holds the record for produc-
tion of Portland cement, a total of approxi-
mately 93,554,000 ban-els having been manu-
factured, an excess over the preceding- record
production, that of 1913, of nearly 1,500.000
barrels, and over the production of 1916 of
more than 2,000,000 barrels, or 2.2 per cent.
The shipments in 1917. which were about 90.-
630,000 barrels, fell below those of the record
year for shipments. 1916, by nearly 4,000,000
barrels, or about 4 per cent. Stocks »t mills
increased more than 2,800,000 barrels. 0* 3«.7
per cent, as compared with 1916.
52
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
COPYRIGHT LAWS OF
The act to amend and consolidate the acts re-
specting copyright, in force July 1, 1909, as
amended by the act approved Aug. 24, 1912, pro-
vides that any person entitled thereto, upon
complying with the provisions of the law, shall
have the exclusive right (a) to print, reprint,
publish, copy and vend the copyrighted work; (b)
to translate the copyrighted work or make any
other version of It if it be a literary work; to
dramatize it if it be a nondramatic work; to
convert it into a novel or other nondramatic
work if it be a drama; to arrange or adapt it if
it be a musical work; to finish it if it be a
model or design for a work of art; (c) to deliver
or authorize the delivery of the copyrighted work
if it be a lecture, sermon, address or similar pro-
duction; (d) to perform the copyrighted work
publicly if it be a drama or, if it be a dramatic
work and not reproduced in copies for sale, to
vend the manuscript or any record thereof; to
make or to procure the making of any transcrip-
tion or record thereof by which it may in any
manner be exhibited, performed or produced, and
to exhibit, perform or produce it In any manner
whatsoever; (e) to perform the copyrighted work
publicly for profit if it be a musical composition
and for the purpose of public performance for
profit and to make any arrangement or setting of
it in any system of notation or any form of
record in which the thought of an author may
be read or reproduced.
So far as it secures copyright controlling the
parts of instruments serving to reproduce me-
chanically the musical work the law includes
only compositions published after the act went
into effect; it does not include the works of a
foreign author or composer unless the country of
which he is a citizen or subject grants similar
rights to American citizens. Whenever the owner
of a musical copyright has used or permitted the
use of the copyrighted work upon the part of in-
struments serving to reproduce mechanically the
musical work, any other person may make a sim-
ilar use of the work upon the payment to the
owner of a royalty of 2 cents on each such part
manufactured. The reproduction or rendition of
a musical composition by or upon coin-operated
machines shall not be deemed a public perform-
ance 'for profit unless a fee is charged for ad-
mission to the place where the reproduction
occurs.
The works for which copyright may be secured
include all the writings of an author.
The application for registration shall specify
to which of the following classes the work in
which copyright is claimed belongs:
(a) Books, including composite and cyclopedic
works, directories, gazetteers and other compila-
tions.
(b) Periodicals, including newspapers.
(c) Lectures, sermons, addresses, prepared for
oral delivery.
(d) Dramatic or dramatic-musical compositions.
(e) Musical compositions.
(f) Maps.
(g) Works of art; models or designs for works
of art.
(h) Reproductions of a work of art.
(i) Drawings or plastic works of a scientific
or technical character.
(]) Photographs.
(k) Prints and pictorial illustrations.
(1) Motion picture photo plays.
(m) Motion pictures other than photo plays.
These specifications do not, however, limit the
subject matter of copyright as defined in the law
nor does any error in classification invalidate the
copyright protection secured.
Copyright extends to the work of a foreign
author or proprietor only in case he is domiciled
in the United States at the time of the first pub-
lication of his work or if the country of which
he is a citizen grants similar copyright protec-
tion to citizens of the United States.
Any person entitled thereto by the law may
secure copyright for his work by publication
thereof with the notice of copyright required by
the act. and such notice shall be affixed to each
copy published or offered for sale in the United
THE UNITED STATES.
States. Such person may obtain registration of
his claim to copyright by complying with the
provisions of the act, including the deposit of
copies, whereupon the register of copyrights shall
issue to him a certificate as provided for iu the
law. Copyright may also be had of the works of
an author of which copies are not reproduced for
sale by the deposit with claim of copyright of
one complete copy. If it be a lecture or similar
production, or a dramatic or musical composi-
tion; of a title and description, with one print
taken from each scene or act. if the work be a
motion picture photo play; of a photographic
print if it be a photograph; of a title and de-
scription, with not less than two prints takeu
from different sections of a complete motion pic-
ture, if the work be a motion picture other than
a photo play, or of a photograph or other iden-
tifying reproduction thereof if it be a work
of art or a plastic work or drawing.
After copyright has been secured there must
be deposited in the copyright office In Washing-
ton, D. C., two complete copies of the best edi-
tion thereof, which copies, if the work be a book
or periodical, shall have been produced in ac-
cordance with the manufacturing provisions of
the act, or if such work be a contribution to a
periodical for which contribution special regis-
tration is requested one copy of the issue or
issues containing such contribution. Failure to
deposit the copies within a given time after
notice from the register of copyrights makes the
proprietor of the copyright liable to a fine of
$100 and twice the retail price of the work, and
the copyright becomes void.
The text of all books and periodicals specified
in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, except the orig-
inal text of a book of foreign origin in a lan-
guage other than English, must in order to secure
protection be printed from type set within the
limits of the United States, either by hand, ma-
chinery or other process, and the printing of the
text and the binding of the books must also be
done within the United States. An affidavit of
such manufacture is required.
The notice of copyright required consists either
of the word "copyright" or the abbreviation
"copr.," accompanied by the name of the copy-
right proprietor, and if the work be a printed
literary, musical or dramatic work, the notice
must also include the year in which the copy-
right was secured by publication. In the case,
however, of copies of works specified in para-
graphs (f) to (k) Inclusive (given above) the no-
tice may consist of the letter C inclosed within
a circle, accompanied by the initials, monogram,
mark or symbol of the copyright proprietor, pro-
vided his name appears elsewhere on the copies.
In the case of a book or other printed publica-
tion the notice shall be applied on the title page
or on the page immediately following, or if a
periodical either upon the title page or upon the
first page of text of each separate number or un-
der the title heading; or if a musical work upon
its title page or the first page of music.
Where the copyright proprietor has sought to
comply with the law with respect to notice, the
omission of such notice by mistake from a par-
ticular copy or copies shall not invalidate the
copyright or prevent recovery for infringement
against any person who, after actual notice of
the copyright, begins an undertaking to infringe
it, but shall prevent the recovery of damages
against an innocent infringer who has been mis-
led by the omission of the notice.
In the case of a book in English published
abroad before publication in this country, the
deposit in the copyright office within thirty daya
of one copy of the foreign edition, with a re-
quest for the reservation of the copyright, se-
cures for the author or owner an ad interim
copyright for thirty days after such deposit is
made.
The copyright secured by the act endures for
twenty-eight years from the date of the first
publication. In the case of any posthumous
work, periodical, encyclopedic or other composite
work upon which the copyright was originally
secured by the proprietor thereof, or of any work
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
53
copyrighted by a corporate body, or by an em-
ployer for whom such work is made for hire, the
proprietor of such copyright shall be entitled to
a renewal of the copyright in such work for the
further term of tweuty-eight years when appli-
catiou for such renewal shall have been made
within one year prior to the expiration of the
original term. In the case of any other copy-
righted work, including a contribution by an in-
divHii.-il author to a periodical or to a cyclopedic
or other composite work when such contribution
has been* separately copyrighted, the author of
such work, if living, or the heirs, executors or
next of kin, if the author be dead, shall be en-
titled to a renewal of the copyright for a fur-
ther term of twenty-eight years. In default of
Buch application for renewal the copyright In
any work shall end at the expiration of twenty-
eight years.
If any person shall infringe the copyright In
any work protected under the copyright laws of
the United States, such person shall be liable:
(a) To an injunction restraining such infringe-
ment.
(b) To" pay to the copyright proprietor such
damages as the copyright proprietor may have
suffered due to the infringement, as well as all
the profits which the infringer shall have made
from such infringement, and in proving profits
the plaintiff shall be required to prove sales only
and the defendant shall be required to prove
every element of cost which he claims, or in
lieu of actual damages or profits such damages
as to the court shall appear to be just, and in
assessing such damages the court may, in its
discretion, allow the amounts as hereinafter
stated (in numbered paragraphs), but in the case
of a newspaper reproduction of a copyrighted
photograph such damages shall not exceed the
sum of $200 nor be less than $50, and such dam-
ages shall in no other case exceed the sum of
$250 and shall not be regarded as a penalty. In
the case of the infringement of an undramatized
or nondramatic work by means of motion pic-
tures, where the infringer shows that he was
not aware that he was infringing, the damages
shall not exceed $100; in the case of the in-
fringement under like circumstances of a copy-
righted dramatic or dramatico-musical work the
entire sum recoverable shall not exceed $5,000
nor be less than $250.
1. In the case of a painting, statue or sculp-
ture, $10 for every infringing copy made or sold
by or found in the possession of the infringer or
his agents or employes.
2. In the case of any work enumerated in the
list (given above) of works for which copyright
may be asked, except a painting, statue or sculp-
ture, $1 for every infringing copy.
3. In the case of a lecture, sermon or address,
|50 for every Infringing delivery.
4. In the case of dramatic or dramatico-musi-
cal or a choral or orchestral composition, $100 for
the first and $50 for every subsequent infringing
performance; in the case of other .musical com-
positions, $10 for every infringing' performance.
(c) To deliver up on oath all articles alleged
to infringe a copyright.
(d) To deliver up on oath for destruction all
the infringing copies or devices, as well as all
plates, molds, matrices or other means for mak-
Ine such infringing copies, as the court may
order.
(e) Whenever the owner of a musical copy-
right has used or permitted the use of the copy-
righted work upon the parts of musical instru-
ments serving to reproduce mechanically the
musical work, then in case of infringement by
the unauthorized manufacture, use or sale of in-
terchangeable parts, such as disks, rolls, bands
or cylinders for use in mechanical music-produc-
ing machines, no criminal action shall be
brought, but in a civil action an injunction may
bi> granted upon such terms as the court may
impose and the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-
cover in lieu of profits and damages a royalty
as provided in the act.
Any person who shall willfully and for profit
infringe any copyright, or willfully aid or abet
such Infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall
be punished by imprisonment for not exceeding
oue year or by a flue of not less than $100 nor
more than $1,000, or both, in the discretion of
the court. It is provided, however, that nothing
in the act shall prevent the performance of re-
ligious or secular works, such as oratorios, can-
tatas, masses or octavo choruses by public
schools, church choirs or vocal societies, pro-
vided the performance is for charitable or edu-
cational purposes and not for profit.
Any person who shall fraudulently place a.
copyright notice upon any uncopyrighted article,
or shall fraudulently remove or alter the notice
upon any copyrighted article, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to
a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $1,000.
Any person who shall knowingly sell or issue any
article bearing a notice of United States copy-
right which has not been copyrighted in this
country, or who shall knowingly import any arti-
cle bearing such notice, shall be liable to a fine
of $100.
During the existence of the American copyright
fb any. book the importation of any piratical
copies thereof or of any copies not produced in
accordance with the manufacturing provisions of
the copyright law, or of any plates of the same
not made from type set in this country, or any
copies produced by lithographic or photo-engrav-
ing process not performed within the United
States, is prohibited. Except as to piratical
copies this does not apply:
(a) To works in raised characters for the
blind;
(b) To a foreign newspaper or magazine, al-
though containing matter copyrighted in the
United States printed or reprinted by authority
of the copyright owner, unless such newspaper or
magazine contains also copyright matter printed
without such authorization;
(c) To the authorized edition of a book in a
foreign language of which only a translation into
English has been copyrighted in this country;
(d) To any book published abroad with the au-
thorization of the author or copyright proprietor
under the following circumstances:
1. When imported, not more than one copy at
a time, for individual use and not for sale, but
such privilege of importation shall not extend to
a foreign reprint of a book by an American
author copyrighted in the United States;
2. When imported by or for the use of the
United States;
3. When imported for use and not for sale,
not more than one copy of any such book in any
one invoice, in good faith, by or for any society
or institution incorporated for educational, lit-
erary, philosophical, scientific or religious pur-
poses, or for the encouragement of the fine arts,
or for any college, academy, school or seminary
of learning, or for any state school, college, uni-
versity or free public library in the United
States:
4. When such books form parts of libraries or
collections purchased en bloc for the use of so-
cieties, institutions or libraries, or form parts of
the library or personal baggage belonging to per-
sons or families arriving from foreign countries
and are not intended for sale.
No criminal actions shall be maintained under
the copyright law unless the same be begun
within three years after the cause of action
arose.
Copyright may be assigned, mortgaged or be-
queathed by will.
There shall be appointed by the librarian of
congress a register of copyrights at a salary of
$4,060 a year and an assistant register at $3,000
a year.
These with their subordinate assistants shall
perform all the duties relating to the registration
of copyrights. The register of copyrights shall
keep such record books in the copyright office as
are required to carry out the provisions of the
law, and whenever deposit has been made in the
copyright office of a copy of any w«rk under the
provisions of the act he shall make entry thereof.
ID the case of each entry the person recorded
as the claimant of the copyright shall be en-
titled to a certificate of registration under seal
of the copyright office.
54
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
The register of copyrights shall receive and the
Sersons to whom the services designated are ren-
ered shall pay the following fees: For the reg-
istration of any work subject to copyright, $1,
which sum is to include a certificate of registra-
tion under seal: Provided, That in the case of
photographs the fee shall be 50 cents where a
certificate is not demanded. For every additional
certificate of registration made, 50 cents. For
recording and certifying any instrument of writ-
ing for the assignment of copyright or license,
or for any copy of such certificate or license,
duly certified, if not over 300 words in length.
$1; if more than 300 and less than 1,000, $2; if
more than 1,000 words in length. $1 additional
for each 1,000 words or fraction thereof over 300
words. For recording the notice of user or ac-
quiescence specified in the act, 25 cents for each
notice of not over fifty words and an additional
APPLICATIONS
[Condensed from rules of practice
Business with the patent office should he
transacted in writing. All office letters must
be sent in the name of the "commissioner of
patents." On the propriety of making an ap-
plication for a patent the inventor must judge
for himself. The office is open to him and its
records and models may be inspected either
by himself or by any attorney or expert he may
call to his aid. Pending applications are pre-
served in secrecy, but after a patent has issued
the model, specification, drawings and all docu-
ments relating to the case are subject to general
inspection, and copies, except of the model, are
furnished at rates specified hereinafter.
An applicant may prosecute his own case, but
he is advised, unless familiar with such mat-
ters, to employ a competent patent attorney, as
the value of patents depends largely upon the
skillful preparation of the specification and
.claims.
A patent may be obtained by any person who
has invented or discovered any new and useful
art. machine, manufacture or composition of
matter, or any new and useful improvement
thereof, not known or used by others in this
country before his invention or discovery thereof,
and not patented or described in any printed
publication in this or any foreign country before
his invention or discovery thereof, or more than
two years prior to his application, and not
patented in a country foreign to the United
States, on an application filed by him or his
legal representatives or assigns more than twelve
months before his application, and not in public
use or on sale in the United States for more
than two years prior to his application, unless
the same is proved to have been abandoned, upon
payment of the fees required by law and other
due proceedings had.
In the case of the death of the inventor, the
application will be made by and the patent issue
to his executor or administrator.
Applications for patents must be made to the
commissioner of patents and must be signed by
the inventor or in case of his death by his
executor or administrator. A complete applica-
tion comprises the first fee of $15, a petition,
specification and oath, all of which must be in
the English language, and drawings when re-
quired. Papers for permanent record must be
legibly written or printed in permanent ink.
The application must be completed and prepared
for examination within one year. The petition
must be addressed to the commissioner of pat-
ents and must state the name, residence and
postoffice address of the petitioner, designate by
title the invention sought to be patented, con-
tain a reference to the specification for a full
disclosure of such invention and must be signed
by the inventor.
The specification is a written description of
the invention or discovery and of the manner
and process of making, constructing, compound-
ing and using the same, and is required to be
in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as
to enable any person skilled in the art or science
to which the invention or discovery appertains.
25 cents for each additional 100 words. For com-
paring any copy of an assignment with the rec-
ord of such document in the copyright office and
certifying the same under seal, $1. For record-
ing the extension or renewal of copyright, 50
cents. For recording the transfer of the pro-
prietorship of copyrighted articles. 10 cents for
each title of a book or other article in addition
to the fee for recording the instrument of as-
signment. For any requested search of copyright
office records, indexes or deposits, 50 cents for
each full hour consumed in making such search.
Only one registration at one fee shall be required
in the case of several volumes of the same book
deposited at the same time.
For copyright blanks and additional informa-
tion as to copyright regulations address the reg-
ister of copyrights, library of congress, Wash-
ington. D. C.
FOR PATENTS.
in the United States patent office.]
or with which it is most nearly connected, to
make, construct, compound and use the same.
In case of a mere improvement the specification
must particularly point out the parts to which
the improvement relates, distinguishing clearly
between what is old and what is claimed as new.
The following order of arrangement should be
observed in framing the specification: (a) Pre-
amble stating the name and residence of the
applicant and the title of the invention, (b)
General statement of the object and nature of
the invention, (c) Brief description of the sev-
eral views of the drawing (if the invention ad-
mit of such illustration), (d) Detailed descrip-
tion, (e) Claim or claims, (f) Signature of
applicant.
Two or more independent inventions cannot be
claimed in one application ; but whefe several
distinct inventions are dependent upon each other
and mutually contribute to produce a sjngle re-
sult they may be claimed in one application.
The applicant, if the inventor, must make oath
or affirmation that he does verily believe him-
self to be the original and first inventor or
discoverer of the art. machine, manufacture,
composition or improvement for which he solicits
a patent : that he does not know and does not
believe that the same was ever known or used
before his invention or discovery thereof, and
shall state of what country he is a citizen and
where he resides and whether he is a sole or
joint inventor of the invention claimed in his
application. In every original application the
applicant must distinctly state under oath that
to the best of his knowledge and belief the in-
vention has not been in public use or on sale
in the United States for more than two years
prior to his application or patented or described
in any printed publication in any country before
his invention or more than two years prior to
his application, or patented in any foreign coun-
try on an application filed by himself or his
legal representatives or assigns more than
twelve months prior to his application in this
country. If any application for patent has been
filed in any foreign country by the applicant in
this country, or by his legal representatives or
assigns, prior to his application in this country,
he shall state the country or countries in which
such application has been filed, giving the date
of such application, and shall also state that
no application has been filed in any other coun-
try or countries than those mentioned, and if
no application for patent has been filed in any
foreign country he shall so state. This oath
must be subscribed to by the affiant.
The oath or affirmation may be made before
any person within the United States authorized
by law to administer oaths, or, when the appli-
cant resides in a foreign country, before any
minister, charge d'affaires, consul or commercial
agent of the United States, or by any official
authorized to administer oaths in the country
in which the applicant may be.
Drawings must be made upon pure white paper
of a thickness corresponding to a two-sheet
or three-sheet Bristol board. The surface of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
55
the paper must be calendered and smooth. India
ink alone must be used to secure perfectly black
and solid lines. The size of the sheet on which
a drawing is made must be exactly ten by
fifteen inches. One inch from its edges a single
marginal line is to be drawn, leaving the
"sight" precisely eight by thirteen Inches. With-
in this margin all work and signatures must be
included.
A model will be required or admitted as a part
of the application only when on examination
of the case in its regular order the primary
examiner shall find it to be necessary or useful.
A design patent may be obtained by any per-
son who has invented any new, original and
ornamental design for an article of manufacture,
not known or used by others In this country
before his invention thereof, and not patented
or described in any printed publication in this
or any foreign country before his invention
thereof, or more than two years prior to his
application, and not caused to be patented by
him in a foreign country on an application filed
more than four months before his application in
this country and not in public use or on sale
In this country for more than two years prior
to his application, unless the same is proved
to have been abandoned, upon payment of the
fees required by law and other due proceed-
ings had, the same as in cases of inventions or
discoveries.
Patents for designs are granted for three and
one-half years, seven years or fourteen yea,rs
as the applicant may elect. The proceedings
in applications for patents for designs are sub-
stantially the same as in applications for other
patents. The design must be represented by a
drawing made to conform to the rules laid
down for drawings of mechanical inventions.
A reissue is granted when the original pat-
ent is inoperative or invalid by reason of a de-
fective or insufficient specification, or by reason
of the patentee claiming as his invention or
discovery more than he had a right to claim
as new, provided the error has arisen through
accident or mistake.
[For rules as to interferences, reconsideration
of cases, appeals, hearings, motions, testimony,
briefs and other technical or legal data, in-
ventors are referred to the "rules of practice,"
which may be obtained free from the United
States patent office.]
Every patent shall issue within
a period of
three months from the date of the payment of
the final fee. A patent will not be antedated.
Every patent will contain a short title of the
object, and a grant to the patentee, his heirs
and assigns, for the term of seventeen years,
of the exclusive right to vend the invention or
discovery throughout the United States and its
territories.
Fees are payable in advance. Following is
the schedule of fees and prices:
On filing each original application...-. $15.00
On issuing each original patent 20.00
In design cases— For 3 years and 6 months. 10.00
For 7 years 15.00
For 14 years 30.00
On every application for reissue 30.00
On filing eacli disclaimer 10.00
On appeal from the primary examiner 10.00
On appeal from examiners in chief to com-
missioner 20.00
For certified copies of patents if in print —
For specification and drawing, per copy.. .05
For the certificate 25
For the grant 50
For certifying to a duplicate of a model.
For manuscript copies of records, for every
100 words or fraction thereof 10
If certified, for the certificate additional. .25
For 20-coupon orders 1.00
For 100 coupons in stub book 5.00
For uncertified copies of specifications, etc. .05
For drawings, if in print 05
For copies of drawings not in print, the
reasonable cost of making them.
For photo prints of drawings, for each
sheet of drawings — Size 10x15 in., per copy .25
Size 8x12% inches, per copy 15
For recording documents of 300 words or
under 1.00
Of over 300 and under 1.000 words 2.00
For each additional 1.000 words or frac-
tion thereof 1.00
For abstracts of title to patents or in-
ventions— For the search, one hour or less,
and certificate 1.00
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. .50
For each brief from digest of assign-
ments, 200 words or less 20
Each additional 100 words or fraction
thereof 10
For searching titles or records, one hour or
less 50
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. .50
For assistance to attorneys, 1 hour or less 1.00
Each additional hour or fraction thereof. 1.00
For copies of matter in any foreign lan-
guage, for every 100 words or a fraction
thereof 10
For translation, for every 100 words or
fraction thereof 50
For Official Gazette, per year 5.00
PATENT OFFICE STATISTICS.
Yr. Applications. Issues.
1904.
1905..
1908..
1909..
1910..
52.H3
54,971
56,482
57,679
60,142
64.408
63,293
30,934
30,339
31,965
36,620
33.682
37,421
35.930
Yr. Applications. Issues.
1911 67,370
1912...
1913...
1914...
1315...
1916...
1917...
70,976
70,367
70,404
70,069
71.033
70.373
34,084
37,731
35,788
41,850
44,934
45,927
42.760
, £r *^e law Passed by congress Feb. 20, 1905,
and effective April 1, 1905. citizens of the United
States, or foreigners living in countries affording
similar privileges to citizens of the United
Mates, may obtain registration of trade-marks
used in commerce with foreign nations, or among
the several states, or with Indian tribes, by
complying with the following requirements:
first, , by filing in the patent office an applica-
tion therefor in writing, addressed to the com-
, -
missioner of patents, signed by the applicant,
specifying his name, domicile, location and cit-
REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS.
applied and affixed to goods, and the length of
,«,m? ™S£ which the trade-mark has been
*ed With this statement shall be filed a
rawing of the trade-mark, signed by the appli-
hL^£L2£i,*£? Jaw.,.and such regulations as may
be prescribed by the commissioner of patents.
The application must be accompanied by a
written declaration to the effect that the applicant
believes himself to be the owner of the trade-
mark sought to be registered and that no other
person or corporation has the right to use it:
that such trade-mark is in use and that the de-
scription and drawing presented are correct.
Irade-marks consisting of or comprising immoral
or scandalous matter, the coat of arms, flag or
other insignia of the United States or of any
state or foreign nation cannot be registered
Fees for renewal of trnde-marks and for filing
opposition to registration are $10 each- for ap-
peals from examiners to the commissioner of
patents. $15 each.
Further information may be had by applying to
the commissioner of patents, Washington, D. C.
TRADE-MAKKS ISSUED.
1912
1913
5,020
5,065
1915
1916.
6,292
6 791
1914
6,817
1917
.. 5.339
56
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
NATIONAL, WEALTH OF THE UNITED STATES.
The national wealth of the United States Is
estimated by the United States census bureau at
$187,739,000,000, or $1,965 for each man, woman
and child in the country. The total includes
the value of all kinds of real, personal and other
property, taxable and exempt, in the United
States exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico
and the Philippines. Omitting the value of
property exempt from taxation for the reason
that it was not included in the figures for 1850,
1860 and 1870, the wealth for the several census
years is as follows: Total. Per cap.
1912 $175,426,000,000 $1.836
1904 100,273,000,000 1,234
1900 82,305,000,000 1,083
Year.
Total. Per cap.
1890 $61,204,000,000
1880 41,642,000,000
1870 24,055,000,000
1860 16,160,000,000
1850 7,136,000,000
Including exempt and all other classes of ]
erty the estimated national wealth in each o:
census years, 1880 to 1912, was:
Year. Total. Per cap.
1912 $187,739,000,000 $1,965
1904 107,104,000,000 1,318
1900 88,517,000,000 1,165
1890 65,037,000,000 1,036
1880 43,642,000,000 870
$975
830
624
514
308
rop-
the
VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF PROPERTY (1912).
Geographic divi-
sion and state.
Real prop-
erty and
Improve-
ments.
Live
stock.
Farm im-
plements
and ma-
chinery.
Manufac.
machin'y,
tools and
implmts.
Gold and
silver coin
and
bullion.
Railroads
and their
equipment.
Street rail-
ways, ship-
ping, water-
works, etc.
New England
$7.248,043,478
$152,411.70}
$53,648.227
$766.480.256
$168.386,104
$501,391.191
$667,812,193
Maine
New Hampshire
485,858.919
335,212,237
255,994,278
4,118,215,738
600,747.009
1,452.015,297
30,315,701,320
32,745,172
16.015,159
30.651,098
43,148,947
6,874,870
22,976,457
519,253,198
15,628.096
6,020,570
10,694,726
12,110,883
1,883,634
7,310,318
177,725,886
69.941.215
38,561,611
19.089.082
377,873,043
93,860,055
167,155,250
1,994,416.371
14.779.215
8,023,193
6,499412
101,876,063
13,603,256
23,604,966
899.203,161
149.196,850
76,619,613
66,338,921
135,123,384
12,483,737
61,628,686
1,500.820,231
77,912.060
31,072,620
20,642,085
348,842,372
53,771,682
135,571,374
2,792,249,523
Middle Atlantic
New York
16,910.262,952
3,856,914,601
9,548,523,767
23.748,446.047
263.577,707
45,847,959
209,827,532
1,301,591,448
89.172.586
13,865,402
74,687,818
289,229,016
813.601.441
303,596.418
877,218,512
1,415.243,372
632,554,526
54,897,349
211,751,286
488,763.883
563,314.487
165,778.631
781,727,113
3,079,251.197
1,787,201,570
302,215,110
702,832.843
2,035,016.810
Bast North Central...
Ohio
5,173.708,410
2,957,867,352
10,046.319.512
3,067,378,894
2,503,171,879
18,690,288.308
273,611,491
227,006.381
386.701.265
184,782,900
229,489,411
1,838,987,471
54,181.255
43,733,376
79,473,427
54,140,466
67,700,493
403,249,087
423,068,286
178,384,997
451,299,068
199,266,379
163,224.642
363,455,087
112,275,002
67,444,477
205,185,274
63,658.411
60,200,719
285,898,127
607,038,239
480,251,362
926,403,787
684,884.648
480,673,161
3.313,503,472
584,792,833
286,566,614
748,713,023
268,201,502
146,742,838
843,052,977
Illinois
West North Central..
3.391.615,408
5,111,230,343
3.264,058,859
1.261,388,140
639,6(!l,7y2
2,316,850,464
2,705,483,302
7.536.324,781
217,832,281
491,613,546
308,100,681
125,614,381
145.815,404
265,473.943
284,537,235
485,664,137
56.775,152
102,981,406
55,328,257
49.878,002
38.100,632
48,111.560
52,074,078
107,212.399
83,647.680
58,520,370
125,037,985
5,244,543
6,043.576
35,084,497
49,876,436
645,733,504
51,531,987
49,566.432
93,140,304
12,453.723
12,334,760
30,453,382
36,417.539
226,711.255
564,652,082
635,695,172
613,546,469
277,870,640
258,641.210
884,432,025
678,665,874
1.976.695,855
231.846,178
133,831,854
267.556,780
17,051,547
25,801,674
79,476.484
87,488,460
680,270.319
Iowa
North Dakota
South Atlantic
Delaware
172,148,377
1,345,483,922
902.023.891
1,176,103,685
1.399,189,713
700,300,022
606,607,276
904,983.602
429,484,293
3,381.631,974
8.794.481
45.903,766
1.794,926
85.954.360
55.993.ii04
85,068,318
61,304,088
106,429,447
34.421.547
439.418.056
3.417,202
12,509,481
83,608
19.756,852
7,405,732
20,315,423
15.604,670
23,176,865
4,942,566
80.653.752
16,693,931
85,042,692
13,785,676
66,657,021
60,271,939
85,119,631
98,942,660
90,428,881
28,791,073
222,238,538
3,936,059
28,722.903
8.778,789
37.836,727
23,590,424
87,626.636
25.507.036
45,623.056
15,089,626
149,234,864
20,908,048
91,591.546
19,468,338
296,128,318
232,878.472
326,771,879
220,932,828
465,990,385
302,026.041
1.137.275,275
20,411,455
165,625.265
64,167,592
103,841,555
67.305,992
44.410.5T5
55,766.258
129,508,626
29,233.001
304,130,933
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
Florida
Bast South Central. . .
1,139,433,836
831,914.027
933.661.266
476,622,845
8,666,784.508
136,524,104
126,175.142
86.921.130
89,797,680
722.172.650
21,961.843
22.504,071
17,812.825
18,375,013
128.079,443
41.218,821
50,649,681
85,250,311
35,119.725
250.665.542
41.650.223
39,068,353
38.211,885
30.304,403
175.407.024
247,266.327
253,394,762
363,614,162
284,000,024
2.107,781,380
91,799,742
118,787,097
65,268,571
28,275,523
346,620,452
West South Central..
890,976.538
1,028,988,975
3,138,755,256
3,608,063,739
2,799,845.396
88,301,395
64.772,977
174,193,995
394,904,283
460.554,283
18,487,026
17.065.106
30.404,140
62.123,171
55,554,446
30,524,632
88,307,350
21,965,234
109,868,326
163,747,325
27.064,086
32,739.070
34,258,132
81,345,736
69.651,582
333.824,378
390.186,948
383,688,745
1,000,081,309
1.499,071,030
32.908,2>2
93,342.172
48,415,760
171,954,298
564,515,334
Texas
Mountain
Montana
450,271,730
143,201,0(11
90,280.515
1,223,511,598
147,056.630
183.408.911
376,008.261
186,106,640
8.289.267,259
91,707,546
58,398.555
54,434,914
88,059,546
65,003.870
43,997,586
39.301.735
29,650,581
318.336.039
11,913.204
11.912.252
4,128,753
14.400,570
4.716,452
1,992.308
4,777,304
1,713.603
72.872,372
6,199,272
18.598,415
3.043,914
91.353,941
3.664.788
12.609,832
24,491,146
3,786,018
369.471,279
11,119,466
7,757,979
3.593.443
23,696,056
6.644.604
4,729,163
9.680,423
2,530,448
153.386.734
275.535,572
159,755,166
108.078,595
36>},238,739
187.646.905
130,657,476
129,582,931
143,575,646
1,032,742,871
106,010,526
95,201,419
26,723,620
197,641.582
18,070.248
37.982.596
57,963,901
24,921,432
1,339,186,922
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific
Washington
1,888,850.453
1.163.594,445
5,236.822.361
68,242.365
74,362,095
175,731,579
18,797,487
14.545,429
39,529,456
111.048.892
38,107,957
220.314,430
35,799,788
25,139,773
92,447,173
351,546,678
179,916.887
601,279.306
227,341.952
145.746,770
966,098,200
Oregon
California
United States
110,6?6.3:S.071 16,238.388,985
1.368 224.548 6,091.451,274
2.616.642.734
16,148.532,502
10,265,207.321
NOTE— Total for street railways, shipping, water-
works, etc., includes $402,351,858, value of ships
belonging to the United States navy, and $290,-
000,000, value of privately owned water supply
systems, not distributed by states.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
57
WEALTH BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES (1912).
,— Per capita 1912-v-Per capita 1904->
Geographic divi- Tax- Ex- Tax- Ex-
sion and state. Total. Taxable. Exempt. Total, able. etnpt.Total. able.empt.
New England $11,805,422,012 $10,922,179,117 $883,242,895 $1,744 $1,614 $131 $1,498 $1,389 $110
Maine 1069594027
1,030,366,547
613,441,572
496,935.964
5,735,230,115
892,693,475
2,153,511,444
41,411,819,840
39,227,480 1,420 1,368 52 1,096 1,058 38
35,878,897 1,493 1,411 83 1,214 1,159 55
30,325,811 1,470 1,385 85 1,035 981 54
567,758,277 1,805 1,642 163 1,672 1,529 143
78,309,215 1,709 1,571 137 1,702 1,585 117
131,943,215 1,969 1,855 114 1,453 1,353 101
4,799,847,938 2,290 2,052 238 1,763 1,631 132
New Hampshire.... 649,320,469
Vermont 527261775
Massachusetts 6,302,988,392
Rhode Island 970 802 690
Connecticut 2,285454659
Middle Atlantic 46,211,667,778
New York 25,011.105,223
21,912,629,507
5,361,917,422
14,137,272,911
37,551,136,365
3,098,475,716 2,626 2,300 325 1,868 1,700 168
381,114,856 2,140 1,998 142 1,547 1,445 102
1,320,257,366 1,939 1,774 166 1,707 1,609 98
1,951,177,219 2,106 2,002 104 1,416 1,363 52
New Jersey 5,743,032,278
Pennsylvania 15,457,530,277
East North Central. 39,502,313,584
Ohio 8 908 432 943
8,562,130,667
4,951,061,490
356,302,276 1,817 1,744 73 1,367 1,308 58
243,621,010 1,894 1,806 88 1,174 1,131 43
887,983,145 2,660 2,507 153 1,689 1,635 54
258,000,069 1,873 1,784 89 1,297 1,245 53
205,270,719 1,875 1,790 86 1,292 1,244 48
1,590,581,739 2,617 2,483 133 1,546 1,490 55
Indiana 5,194,682,500 v
Illinois 15,484,450,232
14,596,467,087
5,169,022,582
4,282,454,539
Michigan 5,427,022,651
Wisconsin 4,487,725,258
West North Central. 31,208,417,942
29,617,836,203
Minnesota 5 547 327 017
5,266,950,787
7,437,094,834
5,546,493,103
2,037,626,024
1,330,693,417
280,376,230 2,582 2,452 131 1,729 1,665 64
431,359,377 3,539 3,345 194 1,828 1,781 48
295,523,906 1,752 1,663 89 1,147 1,098 49
104,000,937 3,374 3,210 164 1,771 1,692 79
67,880,008 2,239 2,130 109 1,530 1,414 115
189,852,951 3,110 2,954 156 1,882 1,825 57
221,588,330 2,652 2,525 127 1,468 1,424 44
1,066,071,383 . 1,179 1,094 85 716 654 62
Iowa 7868454211
Missouri 5842017009
North Dakota 2,141626%!
South Dakota 1,398,573,425
Nebraska 3794,986781
3,605,133,830
4,393,844,208
13,777,891,828
Kansas 4 615 432 538
South Atlantic 14,843,963,211
Delaware 307948613
293,721,979
2,002,216,720
767,316,951
2,174,685,192
2,179,527,639
1,745,233,696
1,301,406,985
2,299,197,590
1,014,585,076
7,342,852,219
14,226,634 1,493 1,424 69 1,204 1,157 47
175,742,144 1,651 1,518 133 1,213 1,137 76
406,540,161 3,425 2,239 1,186 3,491 2,165 1,325
115,228,594 1,086 1,032 55 666 639 27
124,043,570 1,800 1,703 97 810 785 25
62,340,084 794 767 27 420 405 15
49,993,768 869 837 32 414 400 14
83,403,276 883 853 31 493 474 19
34,553,152 1,307 1,264 43 729 697 32
317,188,517 890 854 37 536 515 21
Maryland 2,177958864
Dlst. of Columbia. 1,173,857,112
Virginia 2,289913,786
West Virginia .... 2,303.571,209
North Carolina.... 1,807,573,780
South Carolina 1,351,400,753
Georgia 2,382,600,866
Florida 1,049,138,228
East South Central. 7,660,040,736
Kentucky 2,267,777,525
2,152,097,565
115,679,960 977 927 50 675 641 34
85,993,334 864 826 39 520 499 22
77,040,163 964 929 35 494 478 15
38,475,060 726 705 21 416 407 8
747.461,944 1,662 1,581 80 796 564 78
Tennessee 1,920,348,261
1,834,354,927
2,050,014,767
1.306,384,960
14,687,498,597
Alabama 2,127,054,930
Mississippi 1,344,860,020
West South Central. 15,434,960,541
Arkansas 1,829,521,736
1,757,533,669
2,056,572,346
4,321,150,418
6,552,242,164
6,500,317,073
71,988,067 1,120 1,076 44 580 564 17
107,865,400 1,260 1,197 63 694 659 35
259,941,500 2,475 2,335 140 *1,092 *706 *386
307,666,977 1,679 1,604 75 841 811 29
252,696,992 2,371 2,282 89 2,228 1,989 289
Louisiana 2,164,437,746
Oklahoma 4,581,091,918
Texas 6 859 909 141
Mountain 6,753,014,065
Montana 1,149,732,986
Idaho 608305157
1,113,008,146
591,073,842
344,834,812
2,286,478,777
501,627,424
487,099,365
734,811,880
441,382,827
12,921,668,488
36,724,840 2,834 2,743 91 2,633 2,244 388
17,231,315 1,680 1,632 48 1,795 1,449 346
9,010,015 2,241 2,184 57 3,297 2,559 738
100,444,806 2,785 2,668 117 2,046 1,865 181
12,105,602 1,440 1,406 34 1,587 1,170 417
14,752,821 2,255 2,189 66 2,239 1,649 590
46,801,510 1,979 1,860 119 1,609 1,342 267
15,626,083 5,038 4,865 172 5,214 3,299 1,915
705,250,875 2,969 2,816 154 2,290 2.143 147
Wyoming 353844827
Colorado 2 386 923 583
New Mexico 513 733 026
Arizona 501 852 186
Utah 781,613 390
Nevada 457,008,910
Pacific 13,626,919,363
Washington 3,218,360,623
Oregon 1,944,354,463
3,054,690,780
1,843,542,127
163,669,843 2,511 2,384 128 1,806 1.693 112
100,812,336 2,661 2,523 138 1,886 1,695 191
440,768,696 3,284 3,113 171 2,582 2,435 147
California 8,464,204,277
8,023,435,581
The United States.. 187,739,071,090
NOTE— The totals at the head of
columns include $402,351,858, value
longing to the United States navy,
000, value of privately owned wate
terns, not distributed by states.
•Includes Indian Territory.
CLASSIFICATION OF WEAL!
Real property and improvements
175,425,551,588
the first two
of ships be-
and $290,000,-
r supply sys-
H (1912).
$98,362,813,569
12,313,519,502
6,238,388,985
1,368,224,548
12,313,519,502 1,965 1,836 129 1,318 1,234 84
Manufacturing machinery, tools and
Gold and silver coin and bullion.. 2,616,642,734
Railroads and their equipment 16,148,532,502
Street railways, etc:
Street railways 4 595 563 292
Telephone systems . 1 081 433 907
Pullman and cars not owned by
railroads 123,362,701
Real property and improvements
Irrigation enterprises ,.. 360.865,270
Live stock
Farm implements and machinery..
Privately owned central electric
light and power stations 2,098,613,122
58
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
All other:
Agricultural products $5,240,019,651
Manufactured products 14,693,861,489
Imported merchandise 826,632,467
Mining products 815,552,233
Clothing und personal adorn-
ments 4,295,008,593
Furniture, carriages and kindred
property 8,463,216,222
Total 187,739,071,090
COMPARATIVE WEALTH OF NATIONS.
In its report on the national wealth of the
United States in 1912 the census bureau quotes
the following statement concerning the wealth
of the principal nations as given by Augustus D.
Webb, fellow of the Royal Statistical society,
and published in the New Dictionary of Statistics
for 1911:
Country. Amount.
United States (1904) *$107,104,192,4l6
British empire (1903) *108,279,625,000
United kingdom *72,997,500,000
Country. Amount.
Canada *$6.569.775,000
Australasia '5,353,150,000
India *14,599,500,000
South Africa *2, 919, 900,000
Uest of empire '5,839,800,000
France ("recently") t$46, 798,500,000
Denmark (1900.) '1,946,600,000
Germany (1908) *77, 864, 000,000
Australia (1903) t4,578,903,000
New Zealand (1905) *1, 605, 945, 000
Cape of Good Hope (1907) J428. 939,492
•Total wealth. tPrivate wealth. JFixed prop-
erty.
Country. Total wealth.
German empire (1910-1911) $68,020,000,000
to 76,160,000,000
France (1308) 55,391,000,000
England (not stated) 54,740,000,000
United States (not stated) 119,000,000,000
POSTAL INFORMATION.
DOMESTIC RATES.
First-Class if alter.
Rates of postage — Letters and other first-class
matter, 3 cents for each ounce or fraction there-
of. Postcards and postal cards, 2 cents each.
"Drop letters," addressed for delivery at the
office where mailed. 2 cents for each ounce or
fraction thereof when deposited at postpfflces
whore letter carrier service is not established.
There Is no drop rate on mall other than letters.
The limit of weight of first-class matter is four
pounds.
First-class matter Includes written matter,
namely, letters, postal cards, postcards (private
mailing cards) and all matter wholly or partly
in writing, whether sealed or unsealed (except
manuscript copy accompanying proof sheets or
corrected proof sheets of the same and the writ-
ing authorized by law on matter of other class-
es). Also matter sealed or otherwise closed
against inspection.
Letters written and mailed by soldiers, sailors
and marines assigned to foreign duty engaged in
the present war may be mailed free of postage.
Second-Class Matter.
Rate of postage— Newspapers and periodical
publications of the second class, when sent un-
sealed by others than the publisher or a news
agent, 1 cent for each four ounces or fraction
thereof on each separately addressed copy or
package of unaddressed copies. To be entitled
to this rate the copies must be complete. In-
complete copies are third-class matter.
Second-class matter includes newspapers and
periodicals bearing notice of entry as second-class
matter. No limit of weight is prescribed.
On and after July 1, 1918, the rates of postage
on publications entered as second-class matter,
when sent by the publisher or a news agent to
subscribers or to other agents for the purpose of
sale, on the portion of a publication devoted to
other matter than advertisements, shall be 1%
cents per pound or fraction thereof until July 1,
1919 ; after that 1^ cents per pound or fraction
thereof; on the portion of a publication devoted
to advertisements the rates per pound or fraction
thereof for delivery within the several zones de-
voted to fourth-class matter shall be: From
July 1, 1918, to July 1, 1919, for the 1st and 2d
zones, 1% cents ; 3d zone, 1% cents ; 4th zone, 2
cents; 5th zone, 2% cents; 6th zone, 2% cents;
7th zone, 3 cents ; 8th zone, 3^4 cents ; between
July 1, 1919, and July 1, 1920, for 1st and 2d
zones, 1% cents ; 3d zone, 2 cents, 4th zone, 3
cents ; 5th zone, 3% cents ; 6th zone, 4 cents ; 7th
zone, 5 cents ; 8th zone, 51/1 cents ; from July 1,
1920, to July 1, 1921, for 1st and 2d zones, 1%
cents ; 3d zone, 2% cents ; 4th zone, 4 cents ; 6th
zone, 4% cents; 6th zone, 5% cents: 7th zone, 7
cents ; 8th zone, 7% cents ; after July 1, 1921, for
the 1st and 2d zones, 2 cents ; 3d zone, 3 cents ;
4th zone, 5 cents ; 5th zone, 6 cents ; 7th zone, 9
cents ; 8th zone, 10 cents.
In the case of newspapers entitled to be en-
tered as second-class matter and published in
the interest of religious, educational, scientific,
philanthropic, agricultural, labor or fraternal or-
ganizations, not organized for profit, the rates,
irrespective of the zone in which delivered (ex-
cept where the same are deposited in a letter
carrier office for delivery by its carrier, in which
case the old rate prevails), shall be 1% cents a
pound or fraction thereof between July 1, 1918,
and July 1, 1919, and after that 1V4 cents.
Third-Class Matter.
Rate of postage — On unsealed third-class mat-
ter the rate is 1 cent for each two ounces or
fraction thereof on each individually addressed
piece or package.
Third-class matter embraces circulars, news-
papers and periodicals not admitted to the sec-
ond class, nor embraced in the term "book,"
miscellaneous printed matter on paper not having
the nature of an actual personal correspondence,
proof sheets, corrected proof sheets and manu-
script copy accompanying the same, and matter
in point print or raised characters used by the
blind. (Books are included in fourth-class or
parcel post mail.)
The limit of weight of third-class matter is
four pounds.
Fourth-Class Matter (Domestic Parcel Post).
Fourth-class matter embraces that known as
domestic parcel post mail and includes farm and
factory products (and books), not now embraced
by law in either the first or second class or
(with the exception of books) in the third class,
not exceeding seventy pounds in weight (when,
mailed for delivery within the first or second
zones, nor exceeding fifty pounds1 in weight
when mailed for delivery within any of the other
zones), nor greater in size than 84 Inches in
length and girth combined, nor in form or
kind likely to injure the person o£ any postal
employe or damage the mail equipment or other
mail matter and not of a character perishable
within a period reasonably required for trans-
portation and delivery.
Rates of postage — To be fully prepaid — unsealed
— are as follows:
(a) Parcels weighing 4 ounces or less, except
books, seeds, plants, etc., 1 cent for each ounce
or fraction thereof, any distance.
(b) Parcels weighing 8 ounces or less contain-
ing books, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions,
and plants, 1 cent for each 2 ounces or frac-
tion thereof, regardless of distance.
Cc) Parcels weighing more than 8 ounces, con-
taining books, seeds, plants, etc., parcels of mis-
cellaneous printed matter weighing more than
4 pounds, and all other parcels of fourth-class
matter weighing more than 4 ounces are charge-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
59
able, according to distance or zone, at the pound
rates shown in the following table, a fraction
of a pound being considered a full pound.
-Zones.-
rlst. 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th.
Upto 60to ISOto SOOto 600 to 1000 to 1400 to Over
W.ight Lo- *0 150 300 000 1000 1400 1800 1800
Inlb*. oil. mile*. mll.«. miles, miles, miles, miles, miles, miles.
l...$0.05 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 ?0.07 $0.08 $0.09 $0.11 $0.12
«6."
61.
62.
63
64.
65.
66.
67.
.06
.06
.07
.07
.08
.08
.09
.09
.10
.10
.11
.11
.12
.12
.13
.13
.14
.14
.15
.15
.16
.16
.17
.17
.18
.18
.19
.19
.20
.20
.21
.21
.22
.22
.23
.23
.24
.24
.25
.25
.26
.26
.27
.27
.28
.28
.29
.29
.30
.30
.31
.31
.32
.32
.33
.33
.34
.34
.35
.35
.36
.36
.37
.37
.38
.38
.39
.39
.40
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.06
.07
.08
.09
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49
.50
.61
.52
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
.18
.20
.22
.24
.26
.28
.30
.32
.34
.36
.38
.40
.42
.44
.46
.48
.50
.52
11
:is
.19
.23
.27
.31
.35
.39
.43
.47
.51
.55
.59
.63
67
.21 .24
.41 .48
.51 .60
.61 .72
.71 .84
.81 .96
. .91 1.08
.81 1.01 1.20
.89 1.11 1.82
.97 1.21 1.44
14
.20
.26
.32
.38
.44
.50
.56
.62
.68
.74 . .
.80 1.05 1.31 1.56
.86 1.13 1.41 1.68
.92 1.21 1.51 1.80
.98 1.29 1.61 1.92
.71 1.04 1.37 1.71 2.04
.75 1.10 1.45 1.81 2.16
.79 1.16 1.53 1.91 2.28
.83 1.22 1.61 2.01 2.40
.87 1.28 1.69 2.11 2.52
.91 1.34 1.77 2.21 2.64
.95 1.40 1.85 2.31 2.76
„„ .99 1.46 1.93 2.41 2.88
.54 1.03 1.52 2.01 2.51 3.00
.56 1.07 1.58 2.09 2.61 3.12
.58 1.11 1.64 2.17 2.71 3.24
.60 1.15 1.70 2.25 2.81 3.36
62 1.19 1.76 2.33 2.91 3.48
.64 1.23 1.82 2.41 3.01 3.60
.66 1.27 1.88 2.49 3.11 3.72
.68 1.31 1.94 2.57 3.21 3.84
.70 1.35 2.00 2.65 3.31 3.96
.72 1.39 2.06 2.73 3.41 4.08
.74 1.43 2.12 2.81 3.51 4.20
.76 1.47 2.18 2.89 3.61 4.32
.78 1.51 2.24 2.97 3.71 4.44
.80 1.55 2.30 3.05 3.81 4.56
.82 1.59 2.36 3.13 3.91 4.68
.84 1.63 2.42 3.21 4.01 4.80
.86 1.67 2.48 3.29 4.11 4.92
.88 1.71 2.54 3.37 4.21 5.04
.90 1.75 2.60 3.45 4.31 5.16
.92 1.79 2.66 3.53 4.41 5.28
.94 1.83 2.72 3.61 4.51 5.40
.96 1.87 2.78 3.69 4.61 5.52
.98 1.91 2.84 3.77 4.71 5.64
._. 1.00 1.95 2.90 3.85 4.81 5.76
.53 1.02 1.99 2.96 3.93 4.91 5.88
.54 1.04 2.03 3.02 4.01 5.01 6.00
.55 1.06
.56 1.08
.57 1.10
.58 1.12
.59 .59 1.14 For parcel post pur-
.60 .60 1.16 poses the United States
.61 .61 1.18 is divided into units of
.62 .62 1.20 area thirty minutes
.63 .63 1.22 square. Such units form
.64 .64 1.24 the basis of the eight
.65 .65 1.26 postal zones. To ascer-
.66 .66 1.28 tain in which zone a
.67 .67 1.30 postoffice is located
.68 .68 1.32 from the office of mail-
.69 .69 1.34 ing, a parcel post
.70 .70 1.36 guide, costing 55 cents,
.71 .71 1.38 and map, costing 20
.72 .72 1.40 cents, are jointly used.
.73 .73 1.42 The guide applies to
.74 .74 1.44 all offices, but a sepa-
rate map is required
for each unit. A zone
key is furnished with the guide for use in the
units of area in which some of the largest post-
offices are located, and makes the map for those
units unnecessary. The guide and maps may be
purchased by sending a money order to the third
assistant postmaster general, Washington, D. C.
Stamps are not accepted.
Zones — Parcel Post
Guide and Maps.
Insurance of Fourth-Class Mail.
Fees and conditions — Fourth-class or domestic
parcel post mail (but no other) may not be
•egistered, but may be insured against loss in an
amount equivalent to its actual value, but not
to exceed $5 in any one case, on payment of a
fee of 3 cents ; not to exceed $25 on payment of
a fee of 5 cents ; not to exceed $50 on payment
of a fee of 10 cents, or not to exceed $100 on
payment of a fee of 25 cents, in addition to the
jostage, both to be prepaid 'by stamps affixed.
Collect-on-Delivery Service.
Conditions and fee — Parcels of fourth-class or
jarcel post matter (but no other) may be sent
J. O. D. from one domestic money order post-
office to another, including those in the Canal
Zone, on payment of a fee of 10 cents in ad-
dition to the postage, both to be prepaid with
stamps affixed. The amount to be collected and
remitted to the sender must not exceed $100. The
remittance is made by postoffice money order,
the fee therefor being included in the amount
collected from the addressee. A C. O. D. tag
furnished by the postmaster must be filled in
by the sender and attached to the parcel. The
C. O. D. fee also covers insurance against loss
up to $50.
Postal Cards.
Postal cards are furnished at the postage value
represented by the stamp impressed thereon ;
single postal cards for domestic and foreign cor-
respondence at 2 cents and 3 cents each, respec-
tively, and reply (double) postal cards at 3
cents and 5 cents each, respectively.
Special Delivery Service.
Special delivery service is the prompt delivery
of mail by messenger during prescribed hours to
persons who reside within the carrier limits of
city delivery offices, to patrons of rural serv-
ice who reside more than one mile from post-
offices but within one-half mile of rural routes,
and to residents within one mile of any post-
office.
This service is obtained by placing on any letter
or article of mail a special delivery stamp or
10 cents' worth of ordinary stamps in addition
to the lawful postage. When ordinary stamps
are used the words "Special Delivery" must be
placed on the envelope or wrapper, directly un-
der, but never on the stamps; otherwise the
letter or article will not be accorded special
delivery service.
Registry System.
Any matter, properly addressed and bearing
the name and address of the sender, admissible
to the domestic mails (except fourth-class mail,
which may be insured), or to the postal union
mails (except foreign "parcel post" packages
for Barbados, Curacao, Dutch Guiana, France,
Great Britain, Guadeloupe, Martinique, the
Netherlands and Uruguay), may be registered.
Foreign "parcel post" mail must be taken to
the postofflce to be registered, but other inuil
may bo registered at any postoffice or postoffice
station by rural carriers, and, when sealed and
not cumbersome, by city carriers in residential
districts.
The registry fee for each separate article, for-
eign or domestic, is 10 cents In addition to
the postage, both to be fully prepaid.
Indemnity for lost registered mail will be
paid as follows:
Domestic mail, first class (sealed), up to $50,
actual value; third class (unsealed), up to $25,
actual value.
Foreign mail, amount claimed within limit of
50 francs ($9.65), for total loss (not partial loss
or rifling) of a registered article exchanged
between the United States and a postal union
country, except foreign parcel post matter, and
losses beyond control ("force majeure").
Application for u money order must be made
on a form furnished for tliat purpose and be
presented at the money order window of the
postoffico or one of its stations. Money orders
are issued for any desired amount from 1 cent
60
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
to $100, and when a larger snm than $100 is
to be sent any number of additional orders
may be obtained. Applications may be made
through rural carriers, who will furnish the nec-
essary forms and give receipts for the amounts.
International money orders, payable In almost
any part of the world, may be obtained at all
of the larger postoffices and at many of the
smaller ones.
Fees for money orders payable in the Uniteil
States (which .includes Hawaii. Porto Rico and
the Virgin islands) and its possessions, compris-
ing the Canal Zone, Guam, the Philippines and
Tutuila. Samoa ; also for orders payable in Ber-
muda, British Guiana. British Honduras, Canada,
Cuba, Mexico, Newfoundland, at the United
States postal agency at Shanghai (China), in
the Bahama islands and in certain other islands
in the West Indies:
For orders from $0.01 to J2.50 3 cents
For orders from 2.51 to 5.00 5 cents
For orders from 5.01 to 10.00 8 cents
For orders from 10.01 to 20.00 10 cents
For orders from 20.01 to 30.00 12 cents
For orders from 30.01 to 40.00 15 cents
For orders from 40.01 to 50.00 18 cents
For orders from 50.01 to 60.00 20 cents
For orilers from CO.Ol to 75.00 25 cents
For orders from 75.01 to 100.00 30 cents
The fees for foreign money orders payable
In any country on which a money order may be
drawn, other than those named above, may be
ascertained upon inquiry at the postoffice.
FOREIGN MAIL MATTER.
Kates of Postage.
The rates of postage applicable to articles for
foreign countries are as follows: Cents.
Letters for Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Republic
of Panama, city of Shanghai (China), Eng-
land, Ireland, Newfoundland. Santo Do-
mingo, Scotland and Wales, per ounce 3
Letters for Germany by direct steamers (in
time of peace), per ounce 3
Letters for all other foreign countries, and
for Germany when not dispatched by di-
rect steamers:
For the first ounce or fraction of an
ounce 6
For each additional ounce or fraction of
an ounce 3
Single postcards (including souvenir cards),
each 3
Reply postal cards, each 3
Printed matter of all kinds, for each two
ounces or fraction of two ounces 1
Commercial papers, for the first ten ounces
or less 6
For each additional two ounces or frac-
tion of two ounces 1
Samples of merchandise, for the first four
ounces or less 2
For each additional two ounces or frac-
tion of two ounces 1
Registration fee in addition to postage 10
Foreign Parcel Post.
Postage rates— Postage must be prepaid in full
by stamps 'affixed at the rate of 12 cents a
pound or fraction of a pound. Registry fee 10
cents in addition to postage.
Dimensions — To all countries named packages
are limited to three and one-half feet in length
and to six feet in length and girth combined,
except that packages for Colombia and Mexico
are limited to two feet in length and four feet
in girth.
Weight— Packages to certain postoffices in
Mexico must not exceed four pounds six ounces
in weight, but those for all other countries
named may weigh up to but not exceeding eleven
pounds.
MAIL FOR SOLDIERS IN EUROPE.
Mail addressed to the American expeditionary
forces should bear the complete designation of the
division, regiment, company or other organization
to which the addressee belongs. The location in
Europe of the military organization to which the
addressee belongs must not be given. The correct
way of addressing a letter is:
John Smith, Jr.,
Co. X.. Infantry,
American Expeditionary Forces.
Postage must be fully prepaid. The rate on
letter mail to France or England is 3 cents an
ounce or fraction thereof. Newspaper mail is car-
ried for 1 cent for four ounces. Parcels mailed
to soldiers of the expeditionary forces in Europe
must not exceed seven pounds in weight.
LEADING ART GALLERIES OF THE WORLD.
The following list includes only the principal collections of paintings and sculptures readily
accessible to the public in Europe and America.
EUROPE.
Austria-Hungary.
Academy of Art. Vienna.
Albertina, Vienna.
Imperial art gallery, Vienna.
Liechtenstein gallery, Vienna.
National gallery, Budapest.
Belgium.
Museum, Antwerp.
Palace of Fine Arts. Brussels.
Musee Wiertz. Brussels.
Denmark.
Thorvaldsen museum. Copenha-
gen.
Ny-Carlsberg €Uyptothek, Co-
penhagen.
National art gallery, Copen-
hagen.
France.
Louvre,* Paris.
Luxembourg, Paris.
Museum, Versailles.
Germany.
National gallery, Berlin.
Old and New museums, Berlin.
Pergamon museum, Berlin.
Emperor Frederick museum
Berlin.
Dresden gallery.* Dresden.
Old and New Pinakothek,* Mu-
nich.
Glyptothek, Munich.
Holland.
Ryk's museum, Amsterdam.
Fodor museum. Amsterdam.
Six Collection, Amsterdam.
Townhall, Haarlem.
Lakenhal, Leyden.
Boymans museum, Rotterdam.
Mauritshuis, The Hague.
Italy.
Vatican,* Rome.
Ufflzl gallery.* Florence.
Pitti gallery,* Florence.
Brera gallery, Milan.
Poldi museum, Milan.
National museum, Naples.
Academy of Fine Arts, Venice.
Norway.
National gallery, Christiania.
Russia.
Hermitage, Petrograd.
Spain.
Museo del Prado,* Madrid.
Museo Provincial. Seville.
Sweden.
National gallery, Stockholm.
United Kingdom.
British museum, London.
National gallery,* London.
Dore gallery, London.
Walker art gallery. Liverpool.
Art galleries, Glasgow.
AMERICA.
Canada.
Fraser institute, Montreal.
The Basilica, Quebec.
Mexico.
National museum. City of Mex-
ico.
United States.
Art institute, Chicago, 111.
Art museum, Cincinnati, O.
Art museum, Cleveland, O.
Art museum, Worcester, Mass.
Carnegie institute, Pittsburgh.
Pa.
Corcoran art gallery, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Layton art gallery. Milwaukee.
Wis.
Lenox collection, public li-
brary, New York. N. Y.
Metropolitan Museum of Art.*
New York. N. Y.
Museum of Art, Toledo, O.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Mass.
Museum of Fine Arts, St.
Louis, Mo.
New York Historical society,
New York, N. Y.
Pennsylvania Academy of Fin*
Arts. Philadelphia. 'Pa.
*Of first rank.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
61
Name.
NATIONAL PARKS IN THE UNITED STATES.
.Under supervision of the secretary of the interior.
Location. Created.
Acres.
137
43
480
6,195
Abraham Lincoln Homestead* Kentucky July 17, 1916
Antietam Maryland Aug. 20, 1890
Casa Grande Ruin Arizona June 22, 1892
Chickamauga and Chattanooga.... Georgia and Tennessee Aug. 18,1890
Crater Lake Oregon May 22, 1902 159.360
General Grant California Oct. 1. 1890 2,560
Gettysburg Pennsylvania Feb. 11. 1895 877
Glacier Montana May 11,1910 981,681
Guilford Courthouse* North Carolina Mar. 2,1917 125
Hawaii Hawaii
Hot Springs Reservation Arkansas
Lassen Volcanic California
Mesa Verde Colorado
Mount McKinley Alaska
Mount Rainier Washington
Platt Oklahoma
Rock Creek District of Columbia...
Rocky Mountain Colorado
Sequoia California
Shiloh Tennessee ,
Sully's Hill North Dakota
Vicksburg Mississippi
..Aug. 1, 1916..
..June 16, 1880...
..Aug. 9, 1916...
..June 29, 1906...
..Feb. 26, 1917...
..May 22, 1899...
..June 29, 1906...
..Sept. 27, 1890...
..Jan. 26, 1915...
..Oct. 1, 1890...
..Dec. 27. 1894...
..June 4, 1904...
..Feb. 21, 1899...
74,935
912
Wind Cave South Dakota Jan. 9, 1903.
Yellowstone Wyoming, Montana and Idaho Mar. 1. 1872..
Yosemite California Oct. 1, 1890. .
Zoological District of Columbia Mar. 2,1889..
*In charge of secretary of war.
NOTES ON NATIONAL PARKS.
. . 42,376
2,200
. 207,360
848
1.606
. . 230,000
.. 160,000
3,000
960
1.233
. . 10,522
..2,142,720
.. 967.680
170
Abraham Lincoln Homestead— Farm near Hodg-
en ville, Ky., with log cabin in which Abraham
Lincoln was born.
Antietam— Battle field of the civil war in Wash-
ington county, Maryland.
Casa Grande Ruin — Remains of a large prehis-
toric building near Florence. Ariz.
Chickamauga and Chattanooga— Battle fields of
the civil war in the vicinity of Chattanooga,
Tenn.
Crater Lake — Park contains remarkable moun-
tain, lake and fine scenery in the Cascade
range, Klamath county, Oregon; may be reached
from Klamath Falls or from Medford on the
Southern Pacihc road.
General Grant— In Fresno and Tulare counties.
California: forest and mountain scenery;
reached from Sanger on the Southern Pacific
road.
Gettysburg— Battle field of the civil war In
southeastern Pennsylvania.
Glacier— Tract of mountainous country in north-
ern Montana with glaciers, lakes, forests and
peaks.
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park-
Scene of battle between Gen. Greene and Gen.
Cornwallis, near Greensboro, N. C., in war of
the revolution.
Hawaii— Includes celebrated volcanoes Kilauea,
Mauna Loa and Haleakala ; main feature is
Lava lake at Kilauea.
Hot Springs Reservation— Tract of land in Gar-
land county, Arkansas, noted for its springs
of warm mineral waters.
Lassen Volcanic — Contains volcanic and other
peaks, hot springs, mud geysers, ice caves,
lakes of volcanic glass, canyons and forests.
Mesa Verde — In the extreme southwestern part
of Colorado: contains pueblo and other ruins;
reached from Mancos on the Rio Grande South-
ern road.
Mount McKinley— Area of 2,200 square miles in
south central Alaska, containing Mount Mc-
Kinley, the highest mountain in America:
many large glaciers and beautiful lakes and
forests.
Mount Rainier— Mountain district in southern
Washington; reached from Ashford on the Ta-
coma Eastern railroad and from Fairfax on
the Northern Pacific road.
Platt— Tract of land containing sulphur springs
in Murray county, Oklahoma: reached by Santa
Fe and St. Louis & San Francisco railroads.
Rock Creek— Park in outskirts of Washington.
D. C.
Rocky Mountain— Tract of mountainous land of
great scenic beuuty in Grand, Boulder and
Larimer counties, Colorado; contains forestb
lakes and peaks; reached by Union Pacific and
other roads.
Sequoia— Mountain tract in Tulare county, Cali-
fornia, containing forest of big trees; reached
from Visalia.
Shiloh— Battle field of civil war in Hardin coun-
ty, southern Tennessee.
Sully's Hill— On the shore of Devil's lake. North
Dakota; contains elevation on which Gen.
Alfred Sully with a few men withstood a
band of Indians for several days in 1863;
reached from Devil's Lake. Narrows and Tokio
stations on the Great Northern road.
Vicksburg— Battle field of civil war near city
of same name in Mississippi.
Wind Cave — Canyon and extensive cave in Ouster
county. South Dakota, twelve miles from Hot
Springs, on the Northwestern and Burlington
roads; in Black Hills region.
Yellowstone— Famous park in Wyoming, Montana
and Idaho, containing geysers and many other
natural phenomena as well as beautiful moun-
tain, lake and river scenery; reached from
stations on the Northern Pacific. Burlington
and Oregon Short Line roads.
Yosemite— Splendid valley in the Sierras in Mari-
posa county, California; reached from Merced
on the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific roads
by way of the Yosemite Valley railroad.
Zoological— Park in Washington, D. C., devoted
to the zoological collection of the government;
adjoins Rock Creek park.
PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN ANTIQUI-
TIES.
By law approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An
act for the preservation of American antiqui-
ties," the president of the United States is au-
thorized, in his discretion, to declare by procla-
mation historic landmarks, historic and prehis-
toric structures and other objects of historic or
scientific interest that are situated upon lands
owned or controlled by the United States, to be
national monuments. Under such authority the
following monuments have been created:
Name and state. Year. Acres.
Bandelier. N. M 1916
Big Hole battle field. Mont 1910
Cabrillo. Cal 1913
Capulin mountain, N. M 1916
Chaco canyon, N. M.
Cinder cone,* Cal.
8
1.5
680
1907 20,629
1907 5,120
Colorado, Col 1911 13.883
Devil's tower. Wyo. 1906 1,152
62
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
Name and state. Year. Acres.
Devil postpile,* Cal 1911 800
Dinosaur, Utah 1915
El Morro, N. M 1906 160
Glla cliff dwellings,* N. M 1907 160
Gran Quivira, N. M 1909 160
Grand canyon,* Ariz 1908 806,400
Jewel cave.* S. D 1908 1,280
Lassen peak,* Cal 1907 1,280
Lewis and Clark cavern, Mont 1908 160
Montezuma castle, Ariz 1906 160
Mount Olympus,* Wash 1909 608,640
Muir Woods, Cal 1908 295
Mukuntuweap, Utah 1909 15,840
Natural bridges, Utah 1909 2,740
Navajo, Ariz 1909 600
Oregon caves,* Ore 1909 480
Petrified forest, Ariz 1906 25.625
Shoshone cavern. Wyo 1909 210
Sleur de Monts. Me 1916 6,000
Sitka, Alaska 1910 57
Tonto,* Ariz 1907 640
Tumacacorl, Ariz 1908 10
Verendrye, N. D 1917 253
Walnut canyon, Ariz 1915
Wheeler,* Col 1908 300
•Administered by department of agriculture:
others by interior department, except the Big
Hole battle field, which is under the war de-
partment.
NOTES ON NATIONAL MONUMENTS.
Bandelier — Prehistoric aboriginal ruins in San-
doval and Santa Fe counties, New Mexico,
with cliff dwellings, ceremonial caves and
other relics of a vanished people.
Big Hole battle field— Scene of fight at Big Hole
pass on Bit: Hole or Wisdom river. AUK. 9.
1877. between Nez Perce Indians under Chief
Joseph and a small force of soldiers com-
manded by Col. John Gibbon: In Silver Bow
county, Montana; reached from Melrose.
Cabrillo statue— At Point Loma, Cal.; land first
sighted by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, discoverer
of California, when he approached San Diego
bay, Sept. 28, 1542; site of about .1% acres
set aside for heroic statue of Cabrillo.
Capulin mountain — Striking example of recent
extinct volcanoes in Union county, New Mex-
ico, near town of Des Moines.
Chaco canyon — Located in San Juan and McKIn-
ley counties, New Mexico ; contains extensive
prehistoric communal or pueblo ruins.
Cinder cone — An elevation in Lassen county in
northern California; is of importance as illus-
trating volcanic activity in the vicinity 200
years ago.
Colorado— Extraordinary examples of erosion in
Mesa county, western Colorado; reached from
Grand Junction.
Devil postpile— Natural formations, including
Rainbow waterfalls, within the Sierra national
forest in California; area set aside is on
middle fork of San Joaquin river.
Devil's tower— A lofty and isolated rock in
Crook county, Wyoming: is an extraordinary
example of the effect of erosion in the higher
mountains.
Dinosaur — Section in eastern Utah containing
an extraordinary deposit of dinpsaurian and
other gigantic reptilian remains of the Jura-
Trias period, which are of great scientific in-
terest and value.
El Morro — An elevation near Wingate station on
the Santa Fe railroad in New Mexico: con-
tains prehistoric ruins and interesting rock
inscriptions.
Gila cliff dwellings— In the Mogollon mountains.
New Mexico; known also as the Gila Hot
Springs cliff houses: are among the best pre-
served remains of the cliff dwellers of the
southwest.
Gran Quivira — Ruined town not far from Manzano
in the central part of New Mexico; remains
of large cathedral and chapel and of many
houses thought to date from prehistoric times.
Grand canyon— In northwestern Arizona ; great-
est eroded canyon within the United States.
Jewel cave— A natural formation of scientific
interest within the Black Hills national for-
est in Custer county. South Dakota.
Lassen peak — In natural forest of same name in
Shasta county, northern California; marks the
southern terminus of the long line of extinct
volcanoes in the Cascade range, from which
one of the greatest volcanic fields in the
world extends.
Lewis and Clark cavern — An extraordinary lime-
stone cavern near Limespur, Jefferson bounty,
Montana.
Montezuma castle— Large prehistoric ruin or cliff
dwelling on Beaver creek. Arizona.
Mount Olympus— Mountain in the state of Wash-
ington; has extensive glaciers and on its slopes
are the breeding grouuds of the Olympic elk.
Muir woods — In Marin county, California: an ex-
tensive growth of redwood trees of great age
and size; land presented to the government
by William Kent, formerly of Chicago.
Mukuntuweap — Canyon in southwestern Utah
through which flows the north fork of the Rio
Virgin or Zion river; an extraordinary example
of canyon erosion.
Natural bridges — Rock formations in southeastern
Utah extending over streams or chasms; have
loftier heights and greater spans than any
other similar formations known; reserved as
extraordinary examples of stream erosion.
Navajo-^Within the Navajo Indian reservation
in Arizona: includes a number of prehistoric
cliff dwellings and pueblo ruins new to science.
Oregon caves— Within the Siskiyou national for-
est in Oregon; caves are of natural formation
and of unusual scientific interest and impor-
tance.
Petrified forest— Deposits of fossilized or mineral-
ized wood in Gila and Apache counties. Arizona.
Pinnacles — A series of natural formations of
rock with a number of caves underlying them;
located within Pinnacles national forest in
California.
Rainbow bridge — An extraordinary natural bridge
in southeastern Utah, having an arch which
in form and appearance Is mnch like a rain-
bow; is 309 feet high and 278 feet span: of
scientific interest as an example of eccentric
stream erosion.
Shoshone cavern — A cave in Big Horn county,
Wyoming, of unknown extent, but of many
windings and ramifications and containing
vaulted chambers of large size, magnificently
decorated with sparkling crystals and beauti-
ful stalactites, and containing pits of un-
known depth.
Sieur de Monts — Lands on Mount Desert island,
Maine, which island was discovered by Sam-
uel de Champlain and upon which he first
landed when, acting under the authority of
Sieur de Monts, he explored and described the
present New England coast ; the geology,
fauna and flora on the island are of great
scientific interest.
Sitka— Tract of about fifty-seven acres within
public park, near Sitka. Alaska: battle ground
of Russian conquest of Alaska in 1804: site of
former village of Kiki-Sitl tribe, the most
warlike of Alaska Indians ; contains numer-
ous totem poles constructed by the Indians,
recording the genealogical history of their sev-
eral clans.
Tonto — Comprises two prehistoric ruins of ancient
cliff dwellings in Gila county, Arizona.
Tumacaeori — Ruin of an ancient Spanish mission
of brick, cement and mortar in Santa Cruz
county, Arizona.
Verendrye— A high and imposing butte, locally
known as Crowhigh mountain, on the Missouri
river, near Spanish, N. D. ; used as observation
point by Verendrye, an explorer, between 1738
and 1742 ; place of historic interest.
Walnut canyon— Canyon eight miles southeast of
Flagstaff; contains ruins of cliff dwellings of
great ethnographic, scientific and educational
interest.
Wheeler— Volcanic formations illustrating erratic
erosion: in Rio Grande and Cocbetopa national
forests in southwestern Colorado.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
63
STATE MOTTOES.
Following are the mottoes adopted by the va-
rious states of the union and appearing on their
state seals except as otherwise noted:
Alabama — Here we rest.
Arizona— Ditat Deus (God enriches).
Arkansas— Itegnaiit populi (The people rule).
California— Eureka (1 have found it).
Colorado— Nil nisi nuuiiue (iNothiug without
Providence).
Connecticut— Qui transtulit sustinet (Who
transplanted sustains).
Delaware — Liberty and independence.
Florida— In God we trust.
Georgia — Wisdom, justice, moderation.
Idaho— Esto perpetua (May it be perpetual).
Illinois— State sovereignty, national union.
Indiana— (No motto).
Iowa— Our liberties we prize and our rights we
will maintain.
Kansas— Ad astra per aspera (To the stars
through difficulties).
Kentucky — United we stand, divided we fall.
Louisiana— Union, justice, coulideuce.
Maine— Dirigo (I direct).
Maryland— Fatti maschii, parole femine (Deeds,
men; words, women).
Massachusetts — Ense petit placidam sub liber-
tate quietem (By the sword he seeks repose set-
tled under liberty).
Michigan — Si quaeris peninsulani amcenam, cir-
cunispice (If you seek a delightful peninsula,
look about you).
Minnesota— L'etoile du nord (Star of the north).
Mississippi— (No motto).
Missouri— Salus populi suprema lex esto (Let
the people's safety be the supreme law).
Montana — Oro y plata (Gold and silver).
Nebraska — Equality before the law.
Nevada— All for our country.
New Hampshire— (No motto).
New Jersey— Liberty and prosperity.
New Mexico — Crescit euudo (It increases as it
advances).
New York — Excelsior (Higher).
North Carolina— tsse quaiu videri (To be rather
than to seem).
North Dakota — Liberty and union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Ohio— (No motto).
Oklahoma — Labor oirmia vincit (Labor conquers
all things).
Oregon — The union.
Pennsylvania — Virtue, liberty and independ-
ence.
Ilhode Island — Hope.
South Carolina — Anirnis opibusque parati (Ready
in soul and resource) and Duin spiro spero
(While I breathe I hope).
South Dakota— Under God the people rule.
Tennessee — Agriculture, commerce.
Texas — Has no official motto, but "Texas — one
and indivisible," adopted by the Daughters of
the Republic of Texas, is sometimes used.
Utah — Industry. (State seal indicates industry
and independence.)
Vermont — Freedom and unity.
Virginia — Sic semper tyrauuis (Thus ever to
tyrants).
Washington — (No motto).
West Virginia — Montani semper liberi (Moun-
taineers are always free).
Wisconsin — Forward.
Wyoming — Equal rights.
United States— E pluribus unum (Out of many,
one).
STATE NICKNAMES AND FLOWERS.
State.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut....
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois*
Indianat
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi....
Montana
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
N. Hampshire.
New Jersey...,
Month.
January
February
March...
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Nickname. Flower.
Cotton state Goldenrod.
Sequoia cactus.
.Bear state Apple blossom.
Golden state Poppy.
.Centennial state. Columbine.
Nutmeg state Mountain laurel.
.Blue Hen state. Peach blossom.
.Peninsula state.
.Cracker state — Cherokee rose.
Syringa.
.Sucker state Violet.
Hoosier state Carnation.
Hawkeye state.. Wild rose.
Sunflower state.. Sunflower.
.Blue Grass staUBIue grass.
.Pelican state Magnolia.
Pine Tree state. Pine cone.
.Old Line state.
Bay state.
.Wolverine state. Apple blossom.
.Gopher state.... Moccasin.
.Bayou state Magnolia.
.Stub Toe state. Bitter root.
Goldenrod.
Goldenrod.
.Silver state..
.Granite state.
Jersey Blue state.Sugar maple (tree)
State. Nickname. Flower.
New York Empire state.... Rose.
North Carolina .Old North state.
North Dakota.. Flickertail state. Goldenrod.
Ohio Buckeye state.
Oklahoma Mistletoe.
Oregon Beaver state Oregon grape.
Pennsylvania.. -Keystone state.
Rhode Island.. Little Rhody Violet.
South Carolina .Palmetto state.
South Dakota . . Sunshine state . . Pasqueflower
(ane-none patens)
with motto "I
Lead."
Tennessee Big Bend state.
Texas Lone Star state. Bluebonnet.
Utah Sego lily.
Vermont Green Mountain
state Red clover.
Virginia The Old Dominion
Washington Evergreen state.. Rhododendron.
West Virginia . .The Panhandle . . Rhododendron.
Wisconsin Badger sta te — Violet.
NOTE — Only nicknames that are well known
and "state flowers" officially adopted or com-
monly accepted are given ifi the foregoing list.
•Native state tree, the native oak. tOfBcial
state song, "On the Banks of the Wabash."
FLOWER AND GEM SYMBOLS OF MONTHS.
Flower.
.Snowdrop
.Primrose
.Violet
. Daisy
. Hawthorn
.Honeysuckle
.Water lily
. Poppy
Morning glory . .
.Hops
.Chrysanthemum.
.Holly ,
Gem.
..Garnet.
...Amethyst.
..Bloodstone.
.. Diamond.
. . Emerald.
...Chalcedony.
...Ruby.
...Sardonyx.
. ..Sardonys.
..Aquamarine.
. .Topaz.
. . Turquoise,
Tlie above gem symbols are those of Polish
tradition. The Jewish gem symbols of the
months are: January, garnet; February, am-
ethyst; March, jasper; April, sapphire; May.
chalcedony, carnelian or agate; June, emerald:
July, onyx; August, carnelian; September, chrys-
olite; October, aquamarine or beryl; November,
topaz; December, ruby.
The birth stones authorized by the American Jew-
elers' association are: January, garnet; Febru-
ary, amethyst ; March, aquamarine, bloodstone ;
April, diamond ; May, emerald ; June, pearl,
moonstone ; July, ruby ; August, moonstone, peri-
dot ; September, sapphire ; October, opal, tour-
maline ; November, topaz ; December, turquoise,
lapis lazuli.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
HOLIDAYS IN THE
GENERALLY OR LOCALLY OBSERVED.
Arbor Day— Usually fixed by governor.
Bennington Battle Day— Aug. 16.
Christmas Day — Dec. 25.
Columbus Day— Oct. 12.
Confederate Memorial Day — See Decoration day.
Davis, Jefferson, Birthday— June 3.
Decoration Day — See Memorial day.
Election Days— See Election Calendar.
Fire Prevention Day— Oct. 9.
Flag Day— June 14.
Georgia Day— Feb. 12.
Independence Day — July 4.
Jefferson's Birthday— April 13.
Labor Day— First Monday In September.
Landing Day — July 25 (Porto Rico).
Lee's Birthday — Jan. 19.
Lincoln's Birthday— Feb. 12.
Maine (Battle Ship) Day— Feb. 15.
Mardl Gras — February (New Orleans).
McKlnley Day— Jan. 29.
Mecklenburg Independence Declaration — May 20.
Memorial Day— Federal, May 30 ; confederate.
April 26 (Alabama, Georgia. Florida. Missis-
sippi) and May 10 (North and South Carolina).
Mothers' Day — Second Sunday in May.
New Orleans, Battle of— Jan. 8.
New Year's Day— Jan. 1.
Patriots' Day— April 19 (Maine, Massachusetts).
Pioneers' Day— July 15 (Idaho), July 24 (Utah).
Texas Independence Day — March 2.
Thanksgiving Day— Last Thursday in November.
Washington's Birthday— Feb. 22.
HOLIDAYS IN THE VARIOUS STATES.
Alabama— Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday): Feb.
22; Mardi Gras (the day before Ash Wednes-
day, first day of Lent) ; Good Friday (the Fri-
day before Easter): April 26 (Confederate Me-
morial day); June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday);
July 4; Labor day (first Monday in September);
Thanksgiving day (last Thursday in Novem-
ber): Dec. 25.
Alaska— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30 (Memorial day);
July 4; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Arizona — Jan. 1; Arbor day (first Monday in Feb-
ruary); Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; general elec-
tion day; Thanksgiving day: Dec. 25.
Arkansas— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; July 4; Thanksgiving
day; Oct. 12 (Columbus day); Dec. 25.
California— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: May 30; July 4;
Sept. 9 (Admission day); Labor day (first Mon-
day in September); Oct. 12; general election
day in November; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Colorado — Jan. 1: Feb. 22; Arbor and School day
(third Friday in April); May 30; July 4: first
Monday in September: general election day;
Oct. 12; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 26: every Sat-
urday afternoon from June 1 to Aug. 31 in the
city of Denver.
Connecticut— Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birth-
day); Feb. 22; Good Friday; May 30; July 4;
Labor day (first Monday in September);
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Delaware— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30;
July 4; first Monday in September; Oct. 12;
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
District of Columbia— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: March 4
(Inauguration day) ; May 30 ; July 4 ; first Mon-
day in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Florida— Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday): Arbor
day (first Friday in February): Feb. 22; April
26 (Confederate Memorial day); June 3 (Jeffer-
son Davis" birthday); July 4; first Monday in
September; Thanksgiving day; general election
day; Dec. 25.
Georgia— Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday): Feb.
22; April 26 (Confederate Memorial day); June
3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday); July 4; first
Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Ar-
bor day (first Friday in December): Dec. 25.
Idaho— Jan. 1 ; Feb. 22 ; Arbor day (first Friday
after May l); July 4: first Monday in Septem-
ber; Oct. 12; general election day; Thanksgiv-
ing day; Dec. 25.
Illinois— Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birthday);
Feb. 22; May 30: July 4: Labor day (first Mon-
day In September): Oct. 12 (Columbus day);
general, state, county and city election days;
UNITED STATES.
Saturday afternoons: Thanksgiving day: Dec.
25; Arbor, Bird, Flag and Mothers' days are
appointed by the governor, but are not legal
holidays. Like McKinley day (Jan. 29), "Re-
member the Maine" day (Feb. 15), Douglas day
(April 23), they are observed by special exer-
cises, flag displays, etc. ; banks are not closed.
Arbor and Bird days usually come on the third
Friday of April in the northern part of the
state and the fourth Friday of October in the
southern part. Flag day is June 14 and Moth-
ers' day the second Sunday in May.
Indiana— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30: July 4; first
Monday in September; Oct. 12; general election
day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Iowa— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first
Monday in September; general election day;
Thanksgiving day: Dec. 25.
Kansas — The only holidays by statute are Feb.
12; Feb. 22; May 30; Labor day (first Mon-
day in September) and Arbor day; Oct. 12; but
the days commonly observed in other states
are holidays by general consent.
Kentucky— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; first Mon-
day in September: Oct. 12; Thanksgiving day;
general election day; Dec. 25.
Louisiana— Jan. 1; Jan. 8 (anniversary of the bat-
tle of New Orleans); Feb. 22; Mardi Gras (day
before Ash Wednesday): Good Friday (Friday
before Easter); April 26 (Confederate Memorial
day)- July 4; Nov. 1 (All Saints' day): general
election day; fourth Saturday in November (La-
bor day, in the parish of New Orleans only) ;
Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon in New Or-
leans.
Maine— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: Good Friday; May 30;
July 4; Labor day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Maryland— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4:
fiist Monday in September; Sept. 12 (Defend-
ers' day); Oct. 12; general election day; Dec.
25; every Saturday afternoon.
Massachusetts— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; April 19 (Pa-
triots' day) ; May 30 ; July 4 ; first Monday in
September; Oct. 12; Thanksgiving day; Dec.
25.
Michigan— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Oct. 12; general elec-
tion day; May 30; July 4: first Monday in Sep-
tember; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Minnesota— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; Good Fri-
day (Friday before Easter); May 30; July 4;
first Monday In September; Thanksgiving day:
general election day; Dec. 25; Arbor day (as
appointed by the governor).
Mississippi— First Monday in September: by com-
mon consent July 4, Thanksgiving day and
Dec. 25 are observed as holidays.
Missouri— Jan. 1: Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; La
bor day; Oct. 12; general election day; Thanks-
giving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon
in cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants.
Montana— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Arbor day (third
Tuesday in April); May 30; July 4: first Mon-
day in September; Oct. 12; general election
day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; any day ap-
pointed by the governor as a fast day.
Nebraska— Jan. 1: Feb. 22; Arbor day (April
22); May 30: July 4; first Monday in Septem-
ber- Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Nevada— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; July 4; Thanksgiving
day; Dec. 25.
New Hampshire — Feb. 22; fast day appointed by
the governor: May 30; July 4; first Monday in
September; Thanksgiving day; general election
day; Dec. 25.
New Jersey— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30;
July 4; first Monday in September; Oct. 12:
general election day; Thanksgiving and fast
days, and every Saturday afternoon.
New Mexico— Jan. 1; July 4; Thanksgiving and
fast days; Dec. 25; Decoration, Labor and Ar-
bor days appointed by the governor.
New York— Jan. 1; Feb. 12: Feb. 22; May 30:
July 4; first Monday in September: Oct. 12:
general election day; Thanksgiving and last
days; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.
North Carolina— Jan. 1: Jan. 19 (Lee's birth-
day): May 10 (Confederate Memorial day): May
20 (anniversary of the signing of the Mecklen-
burg declaration of independence); July 4; state
election day in August; first Thursday in Sep-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
65
! tember (Labor day); Thanksgiving day; Dec.
: 25; every Saturday afternoon.
North Dakota— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May
' 30; July 4; Arbor day (when appointed by the
i governor) ; general election day; Thanksgiving
I day; Dec. 26.
.Ohio-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first
I Monday in September: Oct. 12; general election
i day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Satur-
i day afternoon in cities of 50,000 or more inhab-
! itants.
i Oklahoma— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4;
! Oct. 12; general election day; Thanksgiving
I day; Dec. 25.
Oregon — Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; first Saturday
in June; July 4; first Monday in September;
feneral election day; Thanksgiving day; public
ast day; Dec. 25.
Pennsylvania— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30;
Good Friday; July 4; first Monday in Septem-
ber; Oct. 12; general election day; Thanksgiv-
ing day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.
Philippines— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Thursday and Fri-
day of Holy week; July 4: Aug. 13; Thanks-
giving day; Dec. 25; Dec. 30.
Porto Rico— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Good Friday; May
30; July 4; July 25 (Landing day); Thanks-
giving day; Dec. 25.
Rhode Island— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; second Friday In
May (Arbor day); May 30; July 4; first Monday
in September; Oct. 12; general election day;
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
South Carolina — Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday);
Feb. 22; May 10 (Confederate Memorial day);
June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday): general
election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. 26, 27.
{South Dakota— Same as in North Dakota.
Tennessee — Jan. 1; Good Friday; May 30; July 4;
first Monday in September; general election
day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Satur-
day afternoon.
Texas— Jan. 1; Feb. 22 (Arbor day); March 2
(anniversary of Texas independence); April 21
(anniversary of battle of San Jacinto); July 4;
first Monday in September; Oct. 12: general
election day; appointed fast days; Thanksgiv-
ing day; Dec. 25.
Utah— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; April 15 (Arbor day);
May 30; July 4; July 24 (Pioneer day); first
Monday in September; Thanksgiving day and
appointed fast days; Dec. 25.
Vermont— Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; AUK.
16 (Bennington Battle day); Labor day; Oct.
12; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 26.
Virginia— Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday): Feb.
22; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanks-
§iving and appointed fast days; Dec. 25; every
aturday afternoon.
Washington— Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birth-
day); Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday
in September; Oct. 12; general election day:
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
West Virginia— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May
30; July 4; Labor day; general election day;
Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Wisconsin— Jan. 1; Feb. 22: May 30; July 4;
first Monday in September; general election
day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.
Wyoming— Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30:
July 4; first Monday in September; general
election day; Dec. 26.
The national holidays, such as July 4, New
Year's, etc., are such by general custom and ob-
servance and not because of congressional legis-
lation. Congress has passed no laws establishing
holidays for the whole country. It has made La-
bor day a holiday in the District of Columbia,
but the law is of no effect elsewhere. It has
also designated the second Sunday in May as
Mothers' day. President Wilson issued a proc-
lamation May 30, 1916, requesting that June 14,
the anniversary of the day on which the
national emblem was adopted by congress, be
observed as Flag day throughout the nation.
EASTER SUNDAY DATES.
1850 March 31
1851 April 20
1852 April 11
1853 March 27
1854 April 16
1855 April 8
1856 March 23
1857 April 12
1858 April 4
1859 April 24
1860 April 8
1861 March 31
1862 April 20
1863 April 5
1864 March 27
1865 April 16
1866 April 1
1867 April 21
1868 April 12
1869 March 28
1870 April 17
1871 April 9
11872 March 31
1873 April 13
1874 April 5
:1875 March 28
1876 April 16
1877 April 1
1878 April 21
1879 April 13
11880 March 28
11881 April 17
'1882 April 9
!1883 March 25
1884 April 13
1885 April 5
1886 April 25
1887 April 10
1888 April 1
1889 April 21
1890 April 6
1891 March 29
1892 April 17
1893 April 2
1894 March 25
1895 April 14
1896 April 6
1897 April 18
1898 April 10
1899 April 2
1900 April 15
1901 April 7
1902 March 30
1903 April 12
1984 April 3
1905 April 23
1906 April 15
1907 March 31
1908 April 19
1909 April 11
1910 March 27
1911 April 16
1912 April 7
1913 March 23
1914 April 12
1915 April 4
1916 April 23
1917 April 8
1918 March 31
1919 April 20
1920 April 4
1921 March 27
1922 April 16
1923 April 1
1924 April 20
1925 April 12
1926 April 4
1927 April 17
1928 April 8
1929 March 31
1930 April 20
1931 April 5
1932 March 27
1933 April 16
1935 April 21
1936 April 18
1937 March 28
1938 April 17
1939 April 9
1940 March 24
1941 April 13
1842 April 5
1943 April 25
1944 April 9
1945 April 1
1946 April 21
1947 April B
1948 March 28
1949 April 17
1950 April 9
LANGUAGES OF
According to Whitaker's Almanack the prin-
cipal European languages are divided as fol-
lows :
English. . . 160.000.000
German ..110.000.000
,.100.000.000
70.000.000
Spanish .. 50,000.000
Italian ... 50.000.000
Portuguese 25.000.000
Russian
French
Swedish is 'spoken by 5.500.000 persons;
Norwegian and Danish by 6,000,000: Serbo-
1934 April 1
The earliest date on which Kaster Sunday has
fallen wilhin a century was March 22, 1818. As
will be seen from the above table, it fell on
March 23 in 1856 and 1913. The time of the cele-
bration of the principal church days which de-
pend upon Easter is as follows:
Days. Before Easter.
Septuageslma Sunday 9 weeks
First Sunday in Lent 6 weeks
Ash Wednesday (beginning of Lent) 46 days
Palm Sunday 8 days
After Easter.
Rogation Sunday 5 weeks
Ascension Day (Holy Thursday) 40 days
Pentecost (Whitsunday) 7 weeks
Trinity Sunday 8 weeks
THE WORLD.
Croatian by 8.000.000: Bohemian or Czech by
7.000.000: Bulgarian by 5.600.000; Dutch by
3.500,000; Polish by 16.000.000: Greek by
9.000.000 and Flemish by 3.500.000. Chinese
is spoken by some 400.000.000 people if all
the various dialects are included. Japanese by
53.000.000 and Hindustani by about 100,000.-
000. There are about 5.000 different lan-
guages spoken in the world.
66
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
HIGHEST
AND LOWEST POINTS IN THE WORLD.
CONTINENTAL ALTITUDES.
ures, showing feet above and below sea level,
must be considered as approximate only:
In order to compare the elevations in the
United States with those in foreign countries
the following list is given, but many of the fig-
Above sea Below sea
Continent. Highest point. level (ft.). Lowest point. level(ft.).
North America... Mount McKinley, Alaska 20,300.. Death Valley, California 276
South America... Mount Aconcagua, Chile-Argentina.. 23, 080.. Sea level
Europe Mont Blanc, France 15,782.. Caspian sea, Russia 86
Asia Mount Everest, India-China 29,002.. Dead sea, Palestine 1,290
Africa Kitoo peak, German East Africa.. .19,320.. Desert of Sahara 150
Australia Mount Kosciusko, New South Wales 7,328.. Lake Torreus, South Australia... 25
HIGHEST MOUNTAINS.
Mountain.
Feet.
t. 29.002
..28,280
..28,156
..26,378
..26,826
..24.740
Mountain.
Feet.
25 600
God win- Austen
Kuncuinginga
Gusherbrum .
Dhawalagiri .
Kutha Kaneir
24 400
.23 946
South America-
Aconcagua
.23,080
.22.315
Mountain.
Feet.
Huascaran 22,188
Anconbuma 21,490
Illampu 21,192
Huandoy 20,847
Illiinani 21,030
I'amh-i 20,735
Alaska— Feet.
Mt. McKinley... 20, 300
St. Ellas 18,026
California—
Mt. Whitney.... 14,501
Mt. Williamson.. 14,384
Mt. Shasta 14,380
Mt. Russell 14,190
Mt. Langley 14,042
Mt. Muir 14,025
Mt. Tyndall 14,025
Mt. Barnard 14,003
HIGH MOUNTAINS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Mountain. Feet.
Chimborazo 20,498
Tupungato 20,286
Haina 20,171
San Jose 20,020
North America—
McKinley 20,300
Colorado — Feet.
Mt. Elbert 14,436
Blanca peak 14,390
Mt. Harvard 14,375
Gray's peak 14,341
Mt. Lincoln 14,297
Uncompahgre pk.14,289
Long's peak 14,271
Mt. Princeton ...14,196
Mt. Yale 14,187
Pike's peak 14,108
Mt. of HolyCross.14,006
Spanish peaks... 13,620
Idaho— Feet.
Hyndman peak.. 12,078
Montana —
Granite peak 12,850
Mt. Wood 12,750
Feet.
Gilbert peak.... 13,422
Mt. Lovenia 13,250
Tokewanna peak. 13, 200
Wilson peak 13,095
Cold Mountain... 12, 610
Mt. Villa 12,200
Washington —
Mt. Rainier 14,363
Mt. Hague 12,100
Suobank Mt 12,000
Oregon— Mt. Hood. 11,225
Utah— King's pk... 13,498
Mt. Emmons 13,428
Mt. Adams 12,470
Wyoming —
Gannett peak. ...13,785
Grand Teton 13,747
Fremont peak. ..13,730
Cloud peak 13,166
State and place.
HIGHEST POINT IN EACH STATE AND TERBJTOET.
[From table compiled by the United States geological survey.]
Elevation.
Alabama. Che-aw-ha mountain 2.4u7
Alaska, Mount McKinley 20,300
Arizona, San Francisco peak 12,611
Arkansas, Magazine and Blue mountains.. 2,800
California. Mount Whitney 14,501
Colorado, Mounts Elbert and Massive 14,402
Connecticut. Bear mountain 2.355
Delaware, Centerville 440
District of Columbia, Tenley 420
Florida, Mount Pleasant 301
Georgia, Brasstown Bald mountain 4.768
Idaho. Hyndman peak 12,078
Illinois, Charles mound, Jo Daviess county. 1,241
Indiana, Carlos, Randolph county 1,210
Iowa, five miles southeast of Sibley 1.670
Kansas, west boundary no. of Arkansas river 4,135
Kentucky, Big Black m't'n, Harlan county. 4,100
Louisiana, summits in western parishes <
Maine, Mount Katahdin (west) 5,273
Maryland, Backbone mountain 3,340
Massachusetts, Mount Greylock 3,bVi
Michigan, Porcupine mountain 2.023
Minnesota, Mesabi range, St. Louis county.. 1,920
Mississippi, Holly Springs 600
Missouri, Tom Sauk mountain 1,750
Montana, Granite peak 12,850
Nebraska, Banner county 5,350
State and place.
Elevation.
Nevada, Wheeler peak 13,058
New Hampshire, Mount Washington 6,293
New Jersey, High Point 1,809
New Mexico, North Truchas peak 13,306
York, Mount Marcy 5,344
New
North Carolina, Mount Mitchell .... .
North Dakota, south part of Bowman county 3,500
Ohio, Campbell's hill, Logan county 1,550
Oklahoma, West End Cimarron county 4,750
Oregon, Mount Hood 11.225
Pennsylvania. Blue Knob 3,136
Rhode Island. Durfee hill 805
South Carolina, Sassafras mountain 3,548
South Dakota, Harney peak 7,242
Tennessee, Mount Guyot 6,636
Texas, El Capitan, Guadaloupe mountain 9,020
Utah, King's peak 13,498
Vermont, Mount Mansfield 4.364
Virginia. Mount Rogers 5,719
Washington, Mount Rainier 14,408
West Virginia. Spruce Knob 4,860
Wisconsin, Rib hill, Marathon county 1,940
Wyoming, Mount Gannett 13.785
Guam. Mount Jummulong Mangloc 1,274
Hawaii, Mauna Kea 13,823
Philippines, Mount Apo 9,610
Porto Rico, Luquillo mountains 3.532
AREAS OF
Oceans —
Antarctic ..
OCEANS ,
Sq. miles.
.. 5.731.350
.. 4,781,000
1ND GREAT LAKES.
Sq. miles
Great Slave... 12.000
Huron 23,800
Michigan 22.450
Nyassa 12,000
Ontario 7.240
Superior 31,200
Tanganyika .. 15,000
Victoria Nyanza 26,500
Winnipeg 9,000
AVERAGE
DEPTH OB
Feet.
10 800
OCEANS AND
Caribbean
SEAS.
Feet.
.. 7 614
Arctic
Atlantic ....
5,160
12 200
China
402
Atlantic ...
Indian ....
Pacific
..34.801.400
..17,084,000
. «7 fi<M CM
. 7 320
Indian
Pacific
11,136
12,960
Mediterranean .
Mexico, Gulf of
North
.. 4.560
.. 4.632
300
Lakes— Baikal... 13.000
Chad Kn nnn
Baltic
122
Bering
900
Okhotsk
. . 5 040
Erie
9.960
The mean
estimated to
depth of al
be from 2
the oceans and
to 2^ miles.
River.
seas is
Miles.
....2 325
Great Bear .. 10,000
River. Miles.
Mississippi-Mo 4,194
Nile . 3 "70
LONGEST
River.
Yangtze
La Plata ...
RIVERS
Miles.
3.000
2,950
. . . 2 860
IN THE WORLD.
River. Milps.
Amur 2,70n
Mekong 2,600
Niger 2.600
....2,300
3 300
Yukon
2,050
Oh ..
....3.235
Koneo . .
...2.800
Yenesel .
...2.500
Colorado . ,
...2.000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
67
THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW.
Passed by the 51st congress and approved July 2. 1890.
Section 1. Every contract, combination in the
form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in re-
straint of trade or commerce among the several
states or with foreign nations is hereby declared
to be illegal. Every person who shall make any
such contract or engage in any such combination
or conspiracy shall be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor. and on conviction thereof shall be pun-
ished by fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprison'
ment not exceeding one year, or by both said
punishments, ia the discretion of the court.
Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize or
attempt to monopolize or combine or conspire
with any person or persons to monopolize any
part of the trade or commerce among the
several states or with foreign nations shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on con-
viction thereof shall be punished by fine not ex-
ceeding $5.000 or by Imprisonment not exceed-
ing one year, or by both said punishments, in
the discretion of the court.
Sec. 3. Every contract, combination In form of
trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of
trade or commerce in any territory of the United
States or of the District of Columbia, or in re-
straint of trade or commerce between any such
territory and another, or between any such ter-
ritory or territories and any state or states
or the District of Columbia or with foreign
nations, or between the District of Columbia
and any state or states or foreign nations, is
hereby declared illegal. Every person who shall
make any such contract or engage In any such
combination or conspiracy shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
$5.000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one
year, or by both said punishments. In the dis-
cretion of the court.
Sec. 4. The several Circuit courts of the
United States are hereby Invested with juris-
diction to prevent or restrain violations of this
act ; and it shall be the duty of the several
district attorneys of the United States, In their
respective districts, under the direction of the
attorney-general, to Institute proceedings In
equity to prevent and restrain such violations.
Such proceedings may be by way of petition
violation shall be enjoined or otherwise pro-
hibited. When the parties complained of shall
have been duly notified of such petition the
court shall proceed as soon as may be to the
hearing and determination of the case ; and
the court may at any time make such temporary
restraining order or prohibition as shall be
deemed just in the premises.
Sec. 5. Whenever it shall appear to the court
before which any proceeding under section 4 of
this act may be pending that the ends of justice
require that other parties should be brought be-
fore the court, the court may cause them to be
summoned, whether they reside in the district
in which the court Is held or not ; and subpoenas
to that end may be served in any district by
the marshal thereof.
Sec. 6. Any property owned under any con-
tract or by any combination or pursuant to any
conspiracy (and being the subject thereof) men-
tioned in section 1 of this act and being in the
course of transportation from one state to an-
other or to a foreign country shall be forfeited
to the United States and may be seized and con-
demned by like proceedings as those provided
by law for the forfeiture, seizure and condem-
nation of property imported Into the United
States contrary to law.
Sec. 7. Any person who shall be Injured In
his business or property by any other person or
corporation by reason of anything forbidden or
declared unlawful by this act may sue therefor
In any Circuit court of the United States in
the district in which the defendant resides or
is found, without respect to the amount in con-
troversy, and shall recover threefold the damages
by him sustained and the cost of suit, including;
a reasonable attorney's fee.
Sec. 8. That the word "person" or "persons"
wherever used In this act be deemed to Include
corporations and associations' existing under or
authorized by the laws of either the United
States, the laws of any of the territories, the
laws of any state or the laws of any foreign
country.
THE MONROE AND DRAGO DOCTRINES.
The "Monroe doctrine" was enunciated by
President Monroe in his message to congress
Dec. 2. 1823. Referring to steps taken to arrange
the respective rights of Russia, Great Britain
and the United States on the northwest coast
of this continent, the president went on to say:
"In the discussions to which this interest has
given rise, and in the arrangements by which
they may terminate, the occasion has been
deemed proper for asserting, as a principle In
which the rights and interests of the United
States are involved, that the American conti-
nents, by the free and independent condition
which they have assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European power.
* * * We owe it. therefore, to candor and to
the amicable relations existing between the
United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part
to extend their system to any portion of this
hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.
With the existing colonies or dependencies of
any European power we have not interfered
and shall not interfere. But with the govern-
ments who have declared their Independence
and maintain it. and whose independence we
have, on great consideration and on just prin-
ciples, acknowledged, we could not view any
Interposition for the purpose of oppressing them
or controlling In any other manner their destiny
by any European power in any other light than
as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposi-
tion toward the United States."
DRAGO DOCTRINE.
When in the winter of 1902-03 Germany,
Britain and Italy blockaded the ports of Ven-
ezuela In attempt to make the latter country
settle up its debts Dr. L. F. Drago, a noted
jurist of Argentina, maintained that force cannot
be used by one power to collect money owing
to its citizens by another power. Prominence
was given to the contention by the fact that
it was officially upheld by Argentina and fa-
vored by other South American republics. The
principle embodied has become generally known
as the "Drago doctrine."
LODGE RESOLUTION.
In connection with the reported attempt of
Japan to obtain land for the establishment of a
naval base in Magdalena bay, on the western
coast of Mexico, the senate of the United States
adopted the following resolution Aug. 2, 1912:
"Resolved. That when any harbor or other
place in the American continents Is so situated
that the occupation thereof for naval or mili-
tary purposes might threaten the communicai
tions or the safety of the United States, the
government of the United States could not
see without grave concern the possession of
such harbor or other place by any corporation
or association which has such relation to an-
other government, not American, as to give
that government practical power of control for
national purposes."
68
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
DISTANCES BETWEEN AMERICAN CITIES.
By the shortest usually traveled railroad routes. [Compiled from the war department's official
table of distances.]
FROM S3?~
New York.
Chicago.
Phila-
delphia.
to
I
i.
Boston.
Baltimore
Cleveland
Buffalo.
San Fran-
cisco.
if
~z
s
Cincin-
nati.
Milwau-
kee.
New Or-
leans.
Washing-
ton.
•
» .
a 3
o:3
i°
Mis.
1,251
1,158
1,223
1,454
946
420
718
777
731
884
692
162
1.521
1,340
598
1,119
60S
1,517
673
2,301
724
897
336
"i',238
1,125
1,323
1,400
1,285
1,332
1,316
381
1,241
888
1,660
2,042
1,464
1,433
1,299
1,023
485
686
10
1,320
2,096
1,818
479
1,355
1,729
1.664
1.210
To
Mis.
145
876
188
21 r
442
912
Mis.
832
733
802
1,034
525
Mis.
236
785
97
321
416
821
666
493
546
1,843
669
1,300
2,219
1,691
815
2,361
734
892
1,251
3,058
780
1,066
90b
1,24]
1,140
477
82
167
1,281
91
2,315
1,314
Mis.
1,028
611
934
1,230
731
284
341
548
428
916
488
728
1,245
860
462
1 549
Mis.
202
1,106
418
'"499
1,034
926
682
82C
2,056
750
1,513
2.414
2,012
878
2,574
966
1,213
1,466
3,273
1,040
1.387
1,119
1 454
Mis.
333
688
Mis.
480
736
474
682
183
357
244
'"i38
1,379
173
701
1,703
1,408
332
1,897
283
1,085
755
2,562
358
738
442
777
1,029
623
675
628
1,073
684
1,851
1,750
493
135
797
2,649
682
795
653
251
876
648
767
1,468
2,631
2,596
2,257
583
1,297
113
437
Mis.
297
919
3U8
499
'"525
427
183
321
1,537
251
1,004
1,915
1,591
379
2,065
466
1,193
967
2,774
541
921
610
945
1,212
434
405
445
1,256
442
2,019
1,018
416
270
614
2,817
499
612
653
68
1,058
731
935
1,651
2,799
2,764
2,425
400
1,405
296
438
Mis.
3,106
2,805
3,076
3,308
2,799
2,274
2.572
2.631
2,588
1,371
2,546
2,238
1,287
2,157
2.452
1.250
2.457
3.098
1,981
475
2,468
2,439
2,359
2.096
2,623
3,115
3,177
3,254
2,482
3,186
780
1,781
3,095
2,.42
3,423
772
3,308
3,287
3,153
2.877
1,867
2,194
2,086
1,911
'"957
1,205
3,209
3,310
2,518
3,064
Mis.
567
805
334
674
270
468
313
135
193
1,490
321
947
1,866
1,481
462
2,008
381
1,057
898
2,705
427
807
553
888
1,098
704
435
520
1,142
444
1,962
961
353
Mis.
724
492
593
926
427
298
"'244
116
1,257
263
777
1,586
1,157
308
1,838
111
841
618
2,425
114
494
383
718
785
826
748
833
829
757
1,792
791
666
313
1,041
2,590
926
1,039
681
495
668
341
708
1,217
2,572
2,537
2,198
827
1,053
203
653
Mis.
917
818
887
1,119
610
85
383
442
399
1,107
357
422
1,550
1,229
263
1,455
268
1.1B2
543
2,350
389
612
"'335
1,014
926
988
1,065
997
997
1,579
678
906
663
1,234
2,378
1,119
1,098
964
688
665
369
325
1,289
2,359
2.154
1,815
1,020
1,394
329
876
Mis.
1,517
496
1.184
1,602
1,266
912
829
1,073
935
1,347
1,092
1,447
1,195
410
1.090
2,152
888
616
880
2,007
778
3%
997
1,285
141
1,655
1,363
1,448
T.372
1,891
1,080
1,281
1,142
1,717
2,746
I,5ti2
1,827
l,04h
1.324
941
699
1,275
571
2,482
2 93
Mis.
1,142
648
40
458
438
790
663
437
471
1,810
655
1,269
2, IS)
1,554
764
2,320
664
755
1,171
2,978
663
929
875
1,210
1,003
614
219
304
1,144
228
2,284
1,283
137
302
673
3,082
418
786
115
394
1,221
894
1.200
l,71fi
3.0t>4
3 02H
Boston
418
398
802
593
474
511
1,850
649
1,281
2,179
1,594
796
2,342
704
795
1,211
3,018
703
969
887
1,222
1,043
574
179
264
1,184
188
2,2%
1,295
97
334
533
3,094
378
718
155
364
1,261
934
1,212
1,755
3,076
2,941
2,702
327
1.007
595
40
Buffalo
Cincinnati
757
584
637
1,934
693
1,391
2.310
1,792
821
2.452
825
983
1,342
3,149
871
1,157
997
1,332
1,231
38|
?e
1.372
298
357
314
1,022
272
479
1,465
1,144
178
1,540
183
1,097
458
2,265
304
527
85
420
929
841
903
980
912
912
1,494
493
821
Detroit
Uuluth
Grand Rupids,Mich
240
975
277
2,084
274
311
369
586
647
1,051
1,056
1,141
699
1,065
1,41<
413
974
621
1,346
2,212
1,230
1,343
918
79S)
327
"'57b
920
2,194
2,332
1,932
1,131
1,187
437
894
Jacksonville, Fla...
Mobile
ll461
330
226
140
1,602
217
2,528
1,527
321
674
115
3,32*
40!
57!
430
1,474
1.230
1.444
Newark, N. J
New Haven
New Orleans
New York
2,49b
1,405
91
444
Philadelphia
468
1.149
2,292
1,034
1,013
879
603
470
284
410
1,204
2,274
2.239
1,900
935
1,309
244
790
353
436
3,113
281
621
252
361
1,301
974
1.231
1,852
3,095
3,060
2,721
230
1,104
615
137
332
3,204
789
2,760
634
876
417
338
948
621
878
1,541
2.742
2,707
2,368
683
1,269
261
302
Portland, Ore
Providence
190
630
343
373
1,392
1,065
1,322
1,943
3,186
3,151
2,812
139
1,1«5
705
228
Quebec
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. J oseph, Mo
St. Louis
St. Paul
2.150
3,308
3.278
2,(.»H4
San Francisco
Seattle
2.535
1,511
828
1,032
1,144
2,690
367
967
595
Sprineneld, Mass...
Tampa, Fla.
Toledo
99
1,425
796
458
Washington
DISTANCES BETWEEN
TO PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN POSTS.
Distances in nautical miles traversed by full
powered steamships in traveling from Boston,
New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore to Lon-
don, Liverpool, Glasgow, Antwerp, Hamburg and
Havre by northern and southern routes. [Com-
puted by United States .hydrograiphic office.]
From— North- South-
Boston (Boston lightship) to — ern. era.
London 3,139 3.258
Liverpool 2,896 3,033
Glasgow 2,815 2,987
Antwerp 3,184 3.303
Hamburg 3.446 3,565
Havre 2,990 3,109
New York (the Battery) to— London 3,313 3,423
Liverpool 3,070 3,198
Glasgow 2,989 3,152
Antwerp 3,358 3,468
Hamburg 3,620 3,730
Havre 3.164 3.274
Philadelphia (Market street wharf) to—
London 3,456 3,566
Liverpool 3,213 3,341
Glasgow ..3,132 3,295
Antwerp 3,501 3.611
Hamburg 3,763 3,873
Havre 3,307 8.417
GREAT SEAPORTS.
From— North- South.
Baltimore (the basin) to— era. era.
London 3,606 3,71*
Liverpool .' 3,363 3,491
Glasgow 3,282 3,445
Antwerp 3,651 3,761
Hamburg 3,913 4,023
Havre 3,457 3,567
tfBOH OTHER EUROPEAN PORTS.
North- South-
Glasgow (Greenock) to— ern. ern.
Montreal by south of Cape Race 2,864 2,864
St. John, New Brunswick 2,673 2,880
Boston (navy yard) 2,776 2,934
New York (the Battery) 2,951 3,099
Philadelphia 3,104 3,252
Baltimore 3,258 3,406
Newport News 3,135 3,283
New Orleans 4.486 4,532
Galveston 4,662 4,708
Southampton to— Montreal 3,059 3,059
St. John, New Brunswick 2,817 2,923
Boston (navy yard) 2,920 3.027
New York (the Battery) 3.095 3,192
Philadelphia 3,248 3,345
Baltimore 3,402 3.4J9
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
69
From— North- South-
SoutUampton to— em. em.
Newport News 3,279 3,37$
New Orleans 4,620 4,625
Galveston 4,796 4,801
Bremen to —
Montreal 3,534 3,534
St. John, New Brunswick 3,292 3,398
Boston (navy yard) 3.395 3,502
New York (the Battery) 3,570 3,667
Philadelphia 3,723 3,820
Baltimore 3,877 3,974
Newport News 3,754 3,851
New Orleans 5,095 5,100
Galveston 6,271 5,276
Rotterdam to —
Montreal .13,293 3,293
St. John, New Brunswick 3,051 3,157
Boston (navy yard) 3,154 3,261
New York (the Battery) 3,329 3,426
Philadelphia 3,482 3,579
Baltimore 3,636 3,733
Newport News 3,513 3,610
New Orleans 4,854 4,859
Galveston 5,030 6,035
Copenhagen (via English channel) to—
Montreal 3,834 3,834
St. John, New Brunswick 3,592 3,698
Boston (navy yard) 3,695 3,802
New York (the Battery) 3,870 3,967
Philadelphia 4,023 4,120
Baltimore 4,177 4,274
Newport News 4,054 4,151
New Orleans 5,395 5,400
Galveston 5,571 5,576
Marseilles to —
Montreal 3,873 3,873
St. John, New Brunswick 3,605 3,620
Boston (navy yard) 3.708 3,724
New York (the Battery) 3,883 3,889
Philadelphia 4,036 4,042
Genoa to— Montreal 4,040 4,040
St. John, New Brunswick 3,772 3,787
Boston (navy yard) 3,875 3,891
New York (the Battery) 4,050 4,056
GENERAL TABLE.
Nautical miles from New York, New Orleans.
San Francisco and Port Townsend by shortest
all-water routes. [From "Transportation Routes
and Systems of the World." by O. P. Austin of
the bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C.]
New New San Pt.Town-
Port. York. Orleans. Francisco, send.
Aden 6,532 7,870 11,600 11,300
Antwerp 3,358 4,853 13,671 14,446
Batavia 10,182 11,698 7,800 7,600
Bombay 8,120 9,536 9,780 9,580
Brest 2,964 4,458 13,209 13,984
Buenos Aires.... 5.868 6,318 7,511 8,286
Calcutta 9,830 11,239 8,990 8,896
Callao 9.603 10,142 4,012 4,769
Cape Town 6,815 7,374 10,454 11,229
Colombo 8.610 10,146 8,900 8,700
Colon 1.981 1,380 '3,324 *4,090
Gibraltar 3,207 4,576 12,734 13.509
Hamburg 3,620 5,243 13,998 14,773
Havana 1,227 597 12,900 13.675
Havre 3,164 4,760 13,307 14,082
Hongkong 11.610 12,892 6,086 5,886
Honolulu 13.269 13,719 2,097 2,370
Liverpool 3,070 4,553 13,503 14,278
Manila 11,556 12,946 6,289 5,993
Marseilles 3,876 5,266 13,324 14099
Melbourne 12.670 12.933 7.040 7,311
Naples 4,172 5.561 13,699 14,474
New Orleans... 1,741 13,539 14,298
New York 1,741 13,089 13,848
Nome 15,840 16,249 2,705 2,350
Odessa 5.370 6.760 14,897 15.67J
Pernambuco 3,696 3,969 9,439 10,214
Petrograd 4,632 6,223 fW,960 115,730
Port Said 6,122 6,509 12,810 12,610
Port Townsend. 13,848 14,298 775
Punta Arenas... 6,890 7,340 6,199 6,958
Panama *2,028 »1,427 3,277 4,052
Rio de Janeiro. 4,778 5,218 8,339 9,114
San Francisco.. 13.089 13,539 775
San Juan, P. R 1.428 1.539 12,199 12,974
Singapore 10,170 11,560 7,502 7,206
Sltka 14,391 14,841 1,302 732
Shanghai 12.360 13,760 6.550 6,290
Tehuantenec ..42,036 J812 12,189 f2 964
Valparaiso 8,460 8,733 5,140 6',902
Vladivostok 17.036 17.445 4.706 4,357
Wellington 11,600 11,773 6,909 6.415
Yokohama 13.040 14.471 4.636 4,240
Via Fannma cinal. fApproxltuately. ^Eastern
end railroad. IWestern end.
AMERICAN HALL OF FAME.
"The Hall of Fame for Great Americans" is
the name of a building on University Heights in
New York city. In which are inscribed on bronze
tablets the names of famous American men and
women. Nominations for the honor are made by
the public and are submitted to a committee of
100 eminent citizens. In the case of men fifty-
one votes are required and in the case of women
forty-seven. The first balloting took place in
October, 1900. whsn the following were chosen:
George Washington.
Abraham Lincoln.
Daniel Webster.
Benjamin Franklin,
flysses S. Grant.
John Marshall.
Thomas Jefferson.
Ralph W. Emerson.
H. W. Longfellow.
Robert Fulton.
Horace Mann.
Henry W. Beecher.
James Kent.
Joseph Story.
John Adams.
Washington Irving.
Jonathan Edwards.
Samuel F. B. Morse.
David G. Farragut.
Henry Clay.
Nathaniel Hawthorne.
George Peabody.
Robert R. Lee.
Peter Cooper.
Eli Whitney.
John J. Audubon.
William E. Cnanning.
Gilbert Stuart.
Asa Gray.
CHOSEN IN 1906.
John Quincy Adams.
James Russell Lowell.
William T. Sherman.
James Madison.
John G. Whittier.
Alexander Hamilton.
Louis Agassiz.
John Paul Jones.*
Mary Lyon.
Emma Willard.
Maria Mitchell.
CHOSEN IN 1910.
Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Edgar Allan Poe.
Roger Williams.*
James Fenimore Cooper.
Phillips Brooks.
William Cullen Bryant.
Frances E. Willard.
Andrew Jackson.
George Bancroft.
John Lothrop Motley.
CHOSEN IN 1915.
Francis Parkman.
Mark Hopkins.
Ellas Howe.
Joseph Henry.
Rufus Choate.
Daniel Boone.
•Reconsidered under a
new rule and failed of
re-election.
PRODUCTION OF SALT.
Estimates of the production of salt in 1917
by states, in short tons, are as follows:
California , 178, OOO
Kansas 726,000
Michig-an 2,294.000
New York 2.175.000
Ohio 954.000-
Texas 86.700
Utah 65.000
West Virginia 20,000
Hawaii. Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada.
New Mexico, Oklahoma. Porto Rico
and Virgrinia 447,300
Total 6,946,000
In this table rock salt is represented by
1.610.000 tons, an increase of 17 per cent
over 1916; evaporated salt by 2.452.000 tons,
practically the same as ia the previous year;
and salt in brine by 2,884.000 tons, an in-
crease of 13 per cent. The large increase in
the production of rock salt and brine was
due mostly to an increase in the demand for
salt required in the manufacture of chemicals.
70
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
EARTHQUAKES AND ERUPTIONS IN RECENT TIMES.
ST. PIERRE, MARTINIQUE.
(Eruption of Mont Pelee.)
Date— May 8. 1902.
Lives lostr-30,000.
Property destroyed — Not estimated.
MOUNT VESUVIUS.
(Eruption.)
Date— April 8-11. 1906.
Lives lost— About 200.
Towns sufferingr damage — Torre del Greco, Torre
Annunziata. Boscotrecase, Ottajano, San Giu-
seppe, Portici, Caserta, Nola and San Giorgio.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
(Earthquake and fire.)
Date— April 18. 1906.
Lives lost— 452.
Persons injured — 1.500.
Persons made homeless — 265,000.
Property loss— 8350,000.000 (estimated).
Buildings destroyed — 6,000.
Blocks burned — 453.
Area of burned district — 3.96 square miles.
Relief by congress— $2.500.000.
Relief subscription— $11,000.000.
VALPARAISO. CHILE.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Aug. 16, 1906.
Lives lost— 1,500.
Property loss— $100,000,000.
KINGSTON, JAMAICA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Jan. 14, 1907.
Lives lost— 1,100.
Persons injured— 2,000.
Property loss— $25.000,000.
Buildings destroyed— 6,000.
Area of ruined district — 50 acres.
Area affected — 300 acres.
Duration of first shock — 38 seconds.
Duration of fire — 40 hours.
SICILY AND CALABRIA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Dec. 28, 1908.
Day of week — Monday.
Hour — 5 :23 a. m.
Duration — 35 seconds.
Lives lost-776,483.
Persons injured — 95,470.
Persons homeless — 1.100.000.
Property destroyed — Not estimated.
Region affected — Northeastern Sicily and south-
western Calabria.
Chief cities and towns destroyed or damaged
— In Sicily : Messina, Faro, Santa Teresa. Scal-
leta. In Calabria: Reggio, Gallico, San Gio-
vanni, San Eufemia, Pellaro. Palmi. Canni-
tello.
CARTAGO, COSTA RICA.
(Earthquake.)
Date— May 5. 1910.
Hour — 7 p. m.
Lives lost— 1,500.
TURKEY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Aug. 9, 1912.
Lives lost— 3,000.
Persons injured — 6.000.
Persons homeless — -40,000.
SAKURA, JAPAN.
(Eruption and earthquakes.)
Date-^Jan. 12. 1914.
Lives lost — 43.
Houses destroyed — 855.
Persons made destitute — 20.000.
Property loss — Not estimated.
SICILY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— May 8-9, 1914.
Lives lost-7-200.
Persons injured — 1,000.
CENTRAL ITALY.
(Earthquake.)
Date-^fan. 13. 1915.
Hour-;-7:55 a. m.
Duration — 30 seconds.
Lives lost— 29.978.
Provinces affected — Aquila, Caserta and Rome.
Communes damaged — 372.
Largest city destroyed — Avezzano.
GUATEMALA CITY.
(Earthquake.)
Date— Dec. 24-31. 1917.
Began — 11 p. m., Dec. 24.
Duration — One week.
Lives lost— 2,500.
Property loss — Not estimated.
NEWSPAPERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA (1918).
[From Ayer's American Newspaper Annual and Directory.]
Daily. Weekly.
24 165
State or territory.
Alabama
Alaska 15
Arizona 20
Arkansas 33
California 167
Colorado 41
Connecticut 41
Delaware 3
District of Columbia 7
Florida 33
Georgia 28
Hawaii 9
Idaho 10
Illinois 165
Indiana 138
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi . . .
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
53
71
28
19
12
17
86
70
46
17
81
19
31
10
16
60
253
574
304
83
29
21
153
240
15
140
968
466
737
607
202
144
82
112
381
513
636
177
694
233
535
27
>tal.
215
State or territory.
New Hampshire
Daily.
13
Weekly.
70
Total.
103
31
New Jersey
40
282
376
88
New Mexico
7
100
116
313
New York
... 210
1.029
2,148
952
North Carolina
32
196
297
389
North Dakota
11
353
381
159
Ohio
. 171
656
1.091
39
Oklahoma
60
484
579
94
Oregon
33
219
297
199
. 204
770
1.309
342
20
g
42
39
Porto Rico
11
9
26
164
Rhode Island
11
27
55
,918
South Carolina
14
114
170
699
South Dakota
19
357
401
920
Tennessee
18
220
311
722
Texas
. 107
791
994
292
Utah
8
77
111
201
10
78
97
117
35
161
249
198
40
293
402
660
33
152
201
696
57
521
666
777
Wyoming
7
81
96
211
949
Total in 1918
...2.604
16.599
24.252
273
Total in 1917
...2,666
17,168
24.868
625
40
Decrease . .
62
569
616
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
71
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From report of federal census bureau.]
STATE OB TERRITORY.
MABBIAGES.
DIVORCES.
Number,
1887-1906.
Annual average
1898 to 1902.
Annual averag6
1888 to 1892.
Number
1887
to
1906.
Annual average!
per 100.000 pop-
ulation.
Number
Per
10,000
Pop.
Number
Per
10,000
Pop.
1900.
1890.
1880.
1870
372.525
310.767
189,539
98.877
136.984
25,374
50,244
114,486
401.208
23,330
801,717
493.890
67.412
366.350
275,063
359,783
243,881
86.592
195,875
408,267
424,096
242,147
313,500
579,807
36,362
170.820
7.073
77.764
335.809
25,625
I,205.ti55
313.725
44,022
727,408
45,415
67,475
896,533
72,836
20,227
16.902
9.561
5,457
7,034
1.322
3,114
6,176
21,640
1,359
44,858
26,451
• 4,847
19.298
14,112
19,526
13,421
5,519
10,740
24.117
23,008
13.118
17.574
30,340
2,188
8,825
527
3,916
15,042
1,307
63,082
17,142
2,454
37,979
3,326
3.499
48,088
3,726
Ill
129
64
101
77
72
112
117
98
84
93
105
124
86
96
91
97
79
90
86
95
75
113
98
90
83
124
95
80
67
87
91
77
91
83
85
76
87
15,727
13,217
7,167
4.261
6.216
983
1,512
4.314
16,541
705
38,421
22,453
736
16,474
12,796
15.399
10.150
5,726
7,916
21,031
18,726
10,275
11,778
25,700
1,294
8.337
238
3.720
15,740
1,018
49,584
13,074
1,339
32.984
347
2.801
39,059
3,214
104
117
59
103
83
58
66
110
90
80
100
102
41
86
90
83
91
87
76
94
89
78
91
96
91
78
50
99
109
64
83
81
70
90
44
88
74
93
22807
29,541
25,170
15,844
9,224
887
2.825
7,586
10,401
3.205
82,209
60.721
6,751
34,874
28,904
30.641
9,785
14,194
7,920
22,940
42,371
15,646
19,993
54,766
6,454
16.711
1,045
8,617
7,441
2,437
29,125
7,047
4,317
63,982
7.669
10,145
39.686
6,953
69
136
108
158
50
16
58
79
26
120
100
142
113
93
109
84
41
117
40
47
104
55
74
103
167
82
111
112
23
73
23
24
88
91
129
134
33
47
54
90
84
197
66
18
34
67
24
93
75
104
33
67
84
58
29
88
24
32
72
41
48
71
139
71
97
100
18
46
17
12
47
64
46
108
21
33
27
53
84
138
61
10
31
53
14
58
68
70
10
24
52
60
84
7
30
23
10
67
51
69
Districtof Columbia
Florida
Illinois
60
44
35
10
78
12
30
72
27
30
40
125
43
106
85
13
12
16
6
46
48
49
51
28
5
61
12
25
47
21
12
29
73
29
99
53
9
16
3
"sf
Maryland
Nevada
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ,
Ohio
92
13
30
1
80
8
25
South Dakota
54,782
396.990
620,445
51,259
58,472
295.377
87,182
170,810
337,583
13,509
3.094
20,975
34,965
2,789
2,977
16,386
7,747
9.532
16,802
839
77
104
115
101
87
88
92
99
81
91
2,128
17.432
23.834
2,127
2,807
12,818
2,975
6,692
16,009
426
61
99
107
101
84
77
83
88
95
68
7,i08
30,447
62,655
4,670
4,740
12.129
16,219
10.308
22.867
1,772
95
89
131
92
75
38
184
64
65
118
66
62
82
74
49
22
109
41
51
86
48
38
49
114
47
11
75
26
41
111
25
24
21
62
50
6
88
18
38
99
Tennessee
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Total
12,832.044
945,625
*No record kept. tFor the five years of which the year stated Is the median: year.
NOTE — See 'also "Population by Marital Condition" this volume.
NATIONAL HYMNS OF
Following Is a list of songs used as national
hymns or anthems in various countries of the
world :
United States— "The Star Spangled Banner."*
"America" and "Hail, Columbia," are also
used as national songs.
Great Britain— "God Save the King."
Germany— "Deutschland Uber Alles" (Germany
Over All) and "Die Wacht am Rheln" (The
Watch on the Rhine).
France — "La Marseillaise."
Austria— "Gott Erhalte Unsern. Kaiser" (God
Preserve Our Emperor).
Hungary— "Isten Aid Meg a Magyart" (Lord,
Bless the Hungarian).
VARIOUS COUNTRIES.
Belgium— "La Brabanconne" (Song of the Bra-
bantines).
Denmark— "Kong Krlstlan Stod Ved Holen
Mast" (King Christian Stood Beside the Lofty
Mast).
Norway— "Ja, VI Elsker Dette Landet" (Yes,
We Love This Land).
Sweden— "Fosterjorden" (Land of My Birth).
Finland— "Vaart Land" (Our Land).
Italy— "Marcla Reale Italiana" (Royal Italian
March).
Mexico— "Mexicanos, al Grlto de Guerra" (Mex-
icans, at the Cry of War).
Wales— "Land of My Fathers."
•Official in navy.
POETS LAUREATE OF ENGLAND.
John Dryden. 1670-1689.
Thomas Shadwell, 1689-1692.
Nahum Tate. 1692-1715.
Nicholas Rowe, 1715-1718.
Laurence Eusden. 1718-1730.
Colley Gibber, 1730-1757.
William Whitehead. 175^-1785.
Thomas Wharton. 1785-1790.
Henry James Pye. 1790-1813.
Robert Southey. 1813-1843.
William Wordsworth. 1843-
1850.
Alfred Tennyson. 1850-1892.
Alfred Austin, 1896-1913.
Robert Bridges, 1913.
72
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
CAUSES FOR DIVORCE.
Summary of the laws in effect in the various states.
STATE OR TERHI-
8-g
II
*!
£
d
o
I
•
0
'O 0>
c
Is
£
M
"rt
o
0)
o
"*"* oJ
0
TOKY.
ii
1
|
1
j»l
||
la
§!
a
3
ja
Is
•o
Alabama
ItoSy.
Yes-
2 yrs.
Hab'l. .
2 yrs
Yes....
Alaska
2 yrs...
Void.
Yes. .
2 yrs.
l yr . . .
Yes'.:::
Felony-
Yes,...
NO'.::
NO'.::
Yes.::.
Yes.
Arizona
lyr....
Void.
Yes-
lyr-
Yes....
Void...
Felony. .
Yes....
No...
lyr..
Void...
Yes.
Arkansas
lyr....
No...
Yes..
lyr..
iyr...
Yes....
Yes
Yes —
No...
No...
Yes
Yes.
California
lyr....
Void.
Yes-
lyr..
iyr. .
Yes
Felony-
Yes
Yes-
No...
Yes-.-
Yes.
Colorado
lyr....
Void.
Yes-
lyr.
iyr....
Void..
Felony. .
Yes....
Yes-
Yes-
Void..
Yes.
Connecticut
3 yrs...
Void.
Yes..
I yrs.
Yes....
Yes....
Yes
No
Yes. .
Yes..
No
Yes.
Delaware
2 yrs...
• ••••
Yes-
2 yrs.
2 yrs...
Void..
2 yrs
Void..
Void.
No...
Yes....
Yes.
District of Columbia.
3 yrs...
Yes....
Yes
Yes-
Yes....
Florida
2 yrs...
Yes..
Ye's'.:
i'yr.:
Ha'b'i.'.
Yes....
Georgia
l^r... .
Yes..
Yes-
3 yrs.
Yes....
Yes::::
Yes'.:::::
Yes....
Yes.:
Yes'..
Yes'."
Hawaii
2 yrs...
Void.
Yes..
lyr..
Yes.. .
7 yrs
Void..
Void.
Yes..
Void'.':
Yes.
Idaho
6 mos..
Yes..
lyr..
lyr....
Yes'.:::
Felony-
........
Yes..
Yes..
Yes....
Yes.
Illinois
lyr....
Yes..
2 yrs.
Yes....
Felony..
Yes....
Indiana
2 yrs...
Void.
Yes..
2 yrs.
Yes?:::
No
Felony..
Yes —
NO.::
2 yrs.
Void'::
'Yes""
Iowa
Void.
Yes..
2 yrs.
Yes....
Yes....
Felony..
Void..
Void.
Yes-
Void..
Yes.
Kansas
1 yr
No...
Yes-
lyr..
Yes....
Yes....
Feiony..
Yes....
No...
No...
Void..
Yes.
Kentucky
lyr'...:
No...
Yes..
lyr-
lyr....
Yes.. .
Felony .
Yes....
No...
Yes..
No
Yes.
Louisiana
Yes..
Yes..
Hab'l..
Felony
Yes..
Maine
iyr..'.*;
Yes'.'.
Yes-
3 yrs.
Yes-..
NO.::::
Yes
Yes. . .
No...
Yes-
No
Yes.
Maryland
2 yrs...
..».«•
3 yrs.
Yes-
Massachusetts
3to5y.
Yes'..'
3 yrs.
Yes'.:::
Felony. .
Yes'.:::
Yes'.:
Michigan
lyr....
Void.
Yes-
2 yrs.
Yes....
Void
3 yrs
Yes....
Yes-
Yes-
Yes'.:::
'YC'S.'
Minnesota
lyr....
Yes..
Yes-
lyr..
lyr....
Void..
Yes
Yes....
No...
No...
Void..
Yes.
Mississippi
2 yrs...
Yes..
Yes..
2 yrs.
Yes....
Yes....
Felony-
Yes
Yes-
No
Yes.
Missouri
lyr....
Void.
Yes-
lyr..
lyr....
Yes
Yes....
No...
Yes'..'
No
Yes.
Montana
lyr....
Yes-
lyr..
lyr....
Yes.:::
Yes
Yes....
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-..
Yes.
Nebraska
lyr....
Yes::
Yes..
2 yrs.
Yes....
Void..
3 yrs
Yes
Yes. .
Yes....
Yes.
Nevada
timos..
Yes..
Yes .
lyr..
Yes....
Yes....
Felony. .
Yes....
No-:
Yes-
Yes
Yes.
New Hampshire
lyr....
Void.
Yes..
3 yrs.
3 yrs...
Yes....
lyr......
Yes....
No...
Yes..
Yes
Yes.
New Jersey
lyr....
Void.
Yes..
Yes-
Yes....
No
Felony-
Yes....
No...
Yes..
Void..
Yes.
New Mexico
lyr....
Yes-
Yes..
Hab'l..
........
Felony. .
Yes....
Yes-
New York*
Yes
North Carolina
2 yrs...
Void.
Yes,.
10 yrs
No
No
No
Yes....
No...
Yes-
Void..
Yes.
North Dakota
lyr....
Yes..
lyr..
lyr....
Void..
Felony-
Void..
No...
Yes-
Void . .
Yes.
Ohio
lyr....
Yes-
3 yrs.
3 yrs...
Yes
Yes....
No...
Yes-
Yes....
Yes.
Oklahoma
lyr....
No'.'.'.
Yes..
lyr..
Yes....
Yes.:::
Felony-
Yes....
No...
Yes-
No
Yes.
Oregon
No...
Yes-
lyr..
lyr....
Yes..:
Felony..
Yes....
No...
No...
Void..
Yes.
Pennsylvania
1 yr. . . .
Yes..
Yes..
2 yrs.
No
Yes....
2 yrs
Yes....
Yes-
Yes..
No
Yes.
Rhode Island
2 yrs...
Yes..
Yes-
5 yrs.
Hab'l..
Yes....
Felony-
Yes....
Yes..
Yes-
Void..
Yes.
South Carolina!
South Dakota
Tennessee
lyr....
2 yrs...
No...
Yes-
Yes-
lyr..
2 yrs.
lyr. ..
Hab'l..
Void . .
Felony-
Felony-
Yes
Yes....
No...
No...
Yes-
Void..
Yes.
Yes.
Texas
6 mos..
Yes..
lyr..
Hab'l..
Felony..
Yes....
Yes-'
Yes-
Utah..
lyr....
NO'.;;
Yes-
lyr..
Yes....
NO'.::::
Felony. .
Yes....
Yes-
Yes-
NO'.::::
'Yes."
Vermont
2 yrs...
Yes..
Yes-
3 yrs.
No
3 yrs
Yes
Yes..
Yes-
Yes....
Yes.
Virginia
lyr....
No...
Yes-
3 yrs
No
Felony..
Yes....
Yes..
No...
Yes....
Yes.
Washington
lyr...
Yes..
lyr..
Hab'l..
Felony-
Yes....
Yes-
West Virginia
lyr....
Yes'.'.
Yes..
3 yrs.
Yes....
Yes.::.
Felony. .
No
No...
Yes'..'
Yes.::'
'Yes."
Wisconsin
Wyoming
2 yrs...
lyr....
No...
Void.
Yes..
Yes..
lyr..
lyr..
lyr-..
Hab'l..
No
Void . .
3 yrs
Felony. .
Void..
Yes....
No...
Void.
Yes-
Yes. .
No
Void..
Yes.
'Marriages may be annulled for causes making them void from the beginning.
fNo divorce allowed, but marriages may be annulled.
NOTE — The above table presents only the princi-
pal causes for divorce in the various states.
The words "Yes" and "No" are not always to
be taken without qualification, but as being
applicable under certain conditions. The word
"Void" may indicate that a marriage may be
absolutely void for the cause named, that it may
be voidable or that it may be annulled by court
proceedings. Bigamy, it may be added. Is n
cause for divorce or annulment of marriage in
practically all of the states.
UNITED STATES PASSPORT REGULATIONS.
Passports are Issued to citizens of the United
States upon application to the state department
in Washington. The application must be accom-
panied by an affidavit, attested by a notary pub-
lic or other ofilcer empowered to administer oaths,
stating that the applicant is a citizen and giv-
ing the place of birth and age, and it must be
accompanied by the certificate of one other citi-
zen to whom he is personally known that the
declaration made by the applicant is true. The
application must also be accompanied by a de-
scription of the rerson. particularly as to age.
height, complexion, forehead, eyes. nose, mouth,
chin, hair and face. Blank forms are furnished
by the state department upon application. The
fee for each passport is $1. Citizens traveling
abroad may also in some cases obtain passports
by applying to .United States ambassadors and
ministers. Where any person has made a decla-
ration of intention to become a citizen of the
United States and has resided in the United
States for three years a passport valid for six
months may be issued to him.
Owing to the war the state department was
obliged in June, 1917, and September, 1918, to
make stricter regulations governing the issue of
passports. Applicants for passports were required
to send in their applications so long in advance
as to permit them to be held in the department
one week, if deemed necessary, for examination.
It was announced that during the continuation
of the war passports would not be issued to
citizens unless a reasonable necessity for such
departure can be shown. No alien shall receive
permission to enter the United States except for
adequate reasons1.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
73
SUMMARY OF MARRIAGE LAWS.
MARHIAGE PROHIBITED
*MINIMUM
PAB'NT'L
a>
BETWEEN—
AGE.
CONSENTt
STATE OB TERRITORY.
g|
o
is .
'S K
s
•6
o
a
I
fl
«"3
o
go
»
p.
** Q
*5
§
0
QJ £j
15
C/l £-1
.*- Q
§•£
a
,Q
d
•
a
0-d
Jj»j
K
£ »
02*^
"E
m
II
a
0
i
£
D
&
Alabama
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes-
No...
No...
No...
17
14
21
18
Alaska
No...
Yes-
No-
No...
No...
No...
No...
21
18
i
Arizona
Yes-
Yes-
Yes. .
So...
No...
No...
No...
18
14
21
18
Arkansas
Yes..
Yes.
Yes-
So...
No...
No...
No...
17
14
21
18
California
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
18
15
21
18
Colorado
Yes..
No...
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
21
IS
Connecticut
Yes-
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
Yes-
±
±
t
Delaware
Yes-
No...
Yes-
No...
..4..
..4..
Yes..
21
18
21
18
District of Columbia
Yes..
No...
No...
Yes-
Not..
Not..
Yes-
16
14
21
18
Florida
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
No...
No...
Yes-
t
i
21
21
Georgia
Yes.
No...
Yes-
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
17
14
±
18
Hawaii
Yes-
No...
NO...
No...
...*..
..4-.
..4..
18
15
So
18
Idaho
Yes-
No...
Yes..
Yes..
No...
Not..
Not..
t
18
18
Illinois
Yes-
Yes..
NO ..
No...
No...
No...
Yes.
18
16
18
16
Indiana
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
No..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
18
16
21
18
Iowa
Yes. .
Yes..
No...
JSo...
No...
No...
No...
16
14
21
18
Kansas
Yes-
Yes-
No...
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
17
15
21
18
Kentucky
Yes-
No...
Yes..
Yes-
No...
Yes..
Yes..
14
12
21
18
Louisiana
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
No...
..4..
..4..
...$..
14
12
21
21
Maine
Yes..
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
21
18
21
18
Maryland
Yes-
Yes-
Yea-
No...
...+..
21
16
Massachusetts
Yes-
No...
No...
Yes-
J
4-
Yes
T
t
21
18
Michigan
Yes-
Yes-
No...
Yes..
NO.::
NO.::
NO.::
18
16
1
18
Minnesota
Yes-
Yes-
No...
NO...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
18
15
18
15
Mississippi
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
No...
No...
No...
21
18
21
18
Missouri.,
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
±
21
18
Montana
Yes..
No...
Yes..
Yes'.'.
...J..
fs
16
21
18
Nebraska
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
No...
NO.::
Not..
Yes-
18
16
21
18
Nevada
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
No ..
No...
No...
No...
18
16
18
16
New Hampshire ,
Yes-
Yes-
No...
Yes-
..,*..
..4..
14
13
18
16
New Jersey
Yes-
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes"
Yes-
±
±
21
18
New Mexico
Yes-
No...
No...
No..
No...
No...
No...
18
15
21
18
New York
Yes-
NO...
No...
No ..
..4..
..4..
Yes-
18
18
±
±
North Carolina
Yes-
No...
Yes..
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
16
14
18
18
North Dakota
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
...*..
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
18
15
21
18
Ohio
Yes-
Yes-
No...
No...
Yes-
No...
Yes..
18
16
21
18
Oklahoma
Yes-
Yes..
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No...
Yes-
18
15
21
18
Oregon
Yes-
Yes-
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes.
Yes. .
18
16
21
18
Pennsylvania
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No...
Yes..
Yes-
Yes..
21
21
21
21
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Yes-
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
No...
NO...
No...
No...
Yes-
Yes-
fs
E
21
18
16
18
South Dakota .'
Yes-
Yes..
Yes-
Yes-
}Yes.
§Yes.
JYes
18
15
21
18
Tennessee
Yes..
Yes
Yes-
No
Yes..
Yes
No...
Ves
"f-
£
L
16
21
16
18
Utah
Yes.'.
Yes-
Yes:.'
NO.::
Yes-
Ye!::
Yes'..'
16
14
21
18
Vermont
Yes-
No...
No...
Yes-
No...
No...
No...
21
18
21
18
Virginia
Yes-
No...
Yes-
Yes. .
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
14
12
21
21
Washington
West Virginia
Yes-
Yes-
Yes..
Yes-
No...
No...
No...
18
16
18
16
Wisconsin
Yes..
Yes..
No...
No...
No...
No...
Yes-
18
15
21
18
Wyorn ing
Yes-
Yes-
NO-
Yes-
...t..
..4..
18
16
21
21
*At which marriage Is legal. fAge below which
parental consent is necessary. }No specific provi-
sion; common law usually applies. fProhibited
when either of parties Is Incapable of entering
into a civil contract.
MILITARY USES OF CONCRETE.
Concrete, because of its great resistance to
fire and to the shock of explosions, is adapt-
able to a wide variety of uses, according- to
the United States geological survey. It is
cheap, easily and quickly handled, sanitary
and durable, and its characteristics render it
of great military importance. Among- the mil-
itary uses to which concrete is put are the
construction of armories, barracks, roads.
bridges, coast and interior fortifications, grun
emplacements, trench linings, bomb-proof shel-
ters, magazines for explosives, tunnels, retain-
ing- walls, sea walls, wharves, drydocks, water
reservoirs, aqueducts, sewers, sewag-e treatment
works, incinerators, stables, floors, roofs, muni-
tion factory buildings, warehouses, fuel-oil
tanks, barges, steamships and even in the
interior of battle ships.
PRODUCTION OF
The domestic output of quicksilver in 1917.
according- to the United States geological sur-
vey, was 36,351 flasks of 75 pounds each,
valued at the' average quoted market price
at San Francisco ($106.12 per flask) at about
$3.857.000. The output was therefore the
greatest in quantity since 1883 and the great-
est in value since 1875. The production in
QUICKSILVER.
1916 was 29,932 flasks, so that the increase
in 1917 was 6,419 flasks.
The output by states was: California. 24.251
flasks; Nevada. 916; Arizona and Oregon,
422; Texas, 10,759; other S9urces, 3.
The high prices for quicksilver in 1917
were due chiefly to greatly increased war de-
mands, the metal being1 used for making- ful-
minate for explosives.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
AGRICULTURAL
WHEAT CROP OF COUNTRIE
1914.
Country. Bushels.
United States --- 8fll.017.000
STATISTICS.
S NAMED (1914-1917).
1915. 1916.
Bushels. Bushels.
1,025,801,000 636,318,000
267,000 242.000
30,252,000 17.931.000
96.425.000 29.667.000
195,168.000 147.559,000
51,355,000 65.088.000
2.837.000 2.294.000
1917.
Bushels.
650.828,000
234,000
17,658,000
38,605.000
Saskatchewan
73,494,000
Alberta .
28,859,000
Other
2,430.000
Total Canada
161,280.000
376,304,000
4.000.000
262,781,000
*
Mexico
4,389,000
*
. . 1 056 686 000
1,406,105,000
168.468,000
19,002.000
3.596,000
*
172.620,000
20.184.000
9.867.000
*
70.224,000
24,067.000
5.390,000
113 904 000
Chile
16.403 000
Uruguay
5,887,000
Total South America
136,194000
191,066,000
38.000,000
152.934.000
15.000,000
3.000.000
202,671.000
•
•
•
•
99.681,000
*
*
*
*
55 000 000
105 237 000
7,716000
Bosnia-Herzegrovina
2.500.000
Total Austria-Hungrary
170.453.000
208,934,000
8,000.000
46,212.000
7,979,000
130,000
225.132,000
141,676.000
6,000,000
170.541,000
200,000
6.143.000
269.000
6,571,000
80,241.000
525,450,000
•
127,756.000
13 973 000
•
38.241.000
6.040.000
•
204.908,000
•
•
176.529.000
•
4,035.000
317.000
7,343.000
78.520.000
440,082,000
•
•
*
29 654 000
Denmark
5,785.000
4,299,000
Finland ... .
130 000
France
282,689,000
144.149.000
*
*
139.999, OOO
•
3,452.000
241.000
Germany
145 944 000
7 000 000
Italy
169,442.000
200 000
Netherlands
5.779,000
Norway
269.000
10,000,000
49,270 000
463.748,000
Poland
5,883,000
•
*
Northern Caucasia
109.636.000
579 267 000
653,206.000
10.000.000
139.298,000
9.170.000
3,957,000
68,437.000
1,415.000
3.053.000
3,238.000
Serbia
9.000,000
»
152,329.000
8,979,000
4.053.000
53.262.000
1.466,000
2.264,000
2.916.000
*
141.087.000
7.496.00O
4,556,000
Spain
116.089,000
Sweden
8,472,000
. . 3,277,000
59.217.000
Wales
1.082,000
2,642,000
Ireland
1,415.000
Total united king*dom
64,356.000
76.143.000
1.808,802,000
376,731,000
2.000,000
25.798.000
200.000
59.908,000
323.008,000
•
30.047.000
•
Total Europe
British India
... 1,856,655.000
312.032,000
379.232,000
•
•
2,500,000
22 975.000
Formosa
195,000
23 170 000
25.998,000
16,000,000
58.025,000
50,321,000
14,000,000
•
•
•
*
•
•
Russia — Central Asia
Transcaucasia
Total Russia (Asiatic)
... t!79 960.000
108.346,000
35.000.000
Turkey (Asia Minor)
35,000,000
•
•
Total Asia .
386 702.000
564.075,000
34,654,000
39,148.000
11,023,000
7.076,000
Algeria
30,000,000
29.151,000
36.543.000
7.165.000
6.477.000
28,979,000
29.834,000
6,963,000
4.790.000
Egypt
32,831.000
Tunis
2,205,000
Union of South Africa
6.034,000
Total Africa
71 070 000
91,901,000
1,635,000
13.235.000
4,065,000
2.369.000
2,707.000
396.000
Australia — Queensland
1.825,000
427.000
68.869.000
60,366.000
35,210,000
18.811,000
1,025.000
2.463,000
36.744.000
51,162,000
43.831,000
16.108,000
492.000
New South Wales
39.219.000
Victoria
33,974.000
South Australia
17.470.000
Western Australia
13,751.000
Tasmania
361,000
Total commonwealth
106,600,000
25,677.000
6.854.000
184.709.000
7.332.000
150,800,000
5.055.000
New Zealand
5.559.000
Total Australasia
112.159,000
32.531,000
Asiatic Russia.
133.041,000
155.855.000
•No official data, flncludes
10 governments of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
75
COEN CROP (
Country.
United States
)P COUNTRIES NAMED (1914-1917).
1914. 1915. 1916.
Bushels. Bushels. Bushels.
2,672,804,000 2.994.793,000 3,56(3.927.000
13,924,000 14,368.000 6,283,000
78,443.000 60,000.000 •
1917.
Bushels.
3,159,494.000
•
«
Mexico
Total North America
2,765.171.000
263,135,000
1.505,000
7.142.000
3,069,161,000
338.235.000
1.822,000
11,382,000
161.133.000
1,570,000
4.604.000
58.839,000
•
•
Chile
Uruguay
271,782.000
12.000,000
172.308,000
25,000,000
7.000,000
351.439.000
10,000,000
180.550.000
25,000.000
7.000.000
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Total Austria-Hungary
216,308.000
30,901,000
22,530.000
105,006,000
15.000,000
105,552.000
61.670,000
19.241.000
222,550,000
35,000,000
14,000,000
121,824,000
9,275,000
86,412,000
44.655,000
18.743.000
•
•
81.547.000
*
•
62.207,000
•
•
•
87.000.000
•
*
•
•
Italy
Russia — Russia proper
Northern Caucasia
Total Russia
80,911,000
20,000.000
30.325.000
63.398,000
12.000.000
29.096,000
Serbia
•
28.642,000
*
27.557.000
Spain
Total Europe
626.230,000
64.800,000
3.753,000
13.336.000
593.555.00Q
82.200,000
3.570.000
14.753,000
India
4.102,000
14,083.000
•
3.706,000
•
Philippines
Total Asia
81.889,000
350.000
78,253.000
t30.830.000
100,523,000
9,350.000
39,803.000
30,750.000
Algeria
*
68.363.000
25.000.000
302,000
•
34.999.000
Egypt
Union of South Africa
Total Africa
Australian commonwealth
109.433.000
9,462.000
312.000
70,903,000
8,721,000
284.000
6.794.000
351.000
8.500,000
283,000
New Zealand
Total Australasia
9.774.000
3.864,279,000
of 1911.
9.005.000
4.094.480.000
7,145.000
8.783,000
Grand total
•No official statistics. tCensus
OTHER CROPS BY COUNTRIES.
Figures incomplete on account of war.
Oats (1917).
Country. Bushels.
United States 1,587,286,000
Argentina 31.781.000
Uruguay . 1,926,000
Denmark 37.685.000
France 237,426,000
Italy 33,889,000
Netherlands 18,594,000
Norway 11.806.000
Spain 33,048,000
Algeria 18.601,000
Tunis 3.996.000
U. of S. Africa.. 6.928.000
Australasia 26.221.000
Barley (1917).
United States.... 208,975.000
Argentina 2,165,000
Denmark 17.866,000
France 39.557,000
Italy 7,422.000
Netherlands 2.573.000
Norway 3.000.000
Spain 76.747,000
Japan 76.505.000
Africa 54.326.000
Australasia 4.927.000
Jive (1917).
United States.... 60.145,000
Mexico 70,000
Denmark 8.858,000
France 27.509.000
Italy 4.460,000
Netherlands 11.958.000
Norway 656.000
Spain 24.365.000
Sweden 15.747,000
Flaxseed (1916).
Country. Bushels.
United States.... 14.296,000
Canada 8,260.000
Mexico 150.000
Argentina 39.289,000
Uruguay 391.000
Italy 362,000
British India 19.040.000
Bice (1916).
Country. Pounds.
United States... .1,135,028,000
Guatemala 13,744,000
Mexico 34.222.000
Brazil 153.235.000
Peru 88.000,000
Bulgaria 16.000.000
Italy 708,058,000
Spain 328.931.000
British India. ..76,336.960.000
Japan 18.315.793,000
Korea 3,936,361.000
Philippines 1,234,332.000
Egypt 236,528,000
Madagascar 1,017.470.000
Potatoes (1916).
Country. Bushels.
United States 286.953,000
Canada 63.297.000
Argentina 31.138.000
Chile 42.736.000
Denmark 26.629,000
France 335.507,000
Germany 882.000,000
Italy 54.277.000
Netherlands 88,490.000
Norway 29.189.000
Russia 662.169,000
Country. Bushels.
Sweden 54.972.000
Switzerland
United kingdom.
Japan
Australasia
18.000.000
204.172,000
30,006,000
17.230,000
Cotton (1916).
Country. Bales.
United States.... 11.450.000
Porto Rico 379
Brazil 420,000
Peru 113.472
British India 3.576,000
Japan 4,216
Russia (Asia)... 1,101,489
British Africa... 45.330
Egypt 1,248,000
Sudan 14,000
Tobacco (1916).
Country. Pounds.
United States... .1.153.378,000
Canada 5.943,000
Costa Rica 900.000
Cuba 42,043.000
Dom. Republic. . 17.250,000
Brazil 46.942.748
Uruguay 883,824
France 20.217.505
Italy 17,637.000
Switzerland 1,047,185
Ceylon 2.752,000
Japan 104.167.350
Philippines 90,695.423
Australia 1,302,000
Hops (1916).
United States 50.595,000
France 4,957,704
76
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Country.
Pounds.
34,479.872
2.110.304
U6).
Bushels.
12,029,000
413,000
1.675.000
1,914.000
269,000
17,372.000
7,758,000
14.755,000
195,000
7,366,000
127,979,000
10.000
7,129,000
2.218,000
515,000
2,704,000
12.201.000
13.369.000
1.123.000
2,155,000
Peas (1916)
Country.
Australia
Bushels.
404,000
168,000
n).
iort tons.
311.700
647,000
510.000
15.000
118,934
2.865.353
149.543
92,669
6.239
2,941.120
450,939
1,760.535
92.725
313.600
128,244
336.000
820,657
804,679
Country.
Short tons.
124.339
205.177
287.370
1,600,000
131,108
1.984
916).
Pounds.
7.963,000
485,000
198.000
187,000
143,000
386.000
772.000
209,000
220.000
243,000
276,000
77,000
110,000
15.686,000
29,431,000
254,000
7.000
France
Beans (1,
Country.
United States....
New Zealand
Sugar (1916-19
Cane.
Country. S
United States....
Hawaii
Netherlands
Russia
Switzerland
Saw Silk (1
Country.
Italy
Brazil
Chile
Porto Rico
Nicaragua
Italy
Brit. W. Indies . .
Cuba
Spain
Dom. Republic. .
Broussa-Anat. . .
Syria-Cyprus ....
Turkey
United kingrdom.
British India....
Spain
British India
Formosa
Balkan states . . .
Un. States (1909)
Java
Egypt
Italy
Natal
Australia
Beet (raw).
United States
Austria-Hung'ary.
Sweden
British India....
Indo-China .
United kingrdom.
PRINCIPAL, FARM CROPS OF TE
[From tables prepared by the
Corn.
Year. Acres. Bushels. Value.
1907. 99.931,000 2,592,320.00081,336.901,000
1908.101,788,000 2,668,651,000 1,616,145,000
1909 98 383 000 2 552 190 000
E UNITED STATES BY YEAB
department of agriculture.]
Year. Acres. Bushels.
1913. 7.499,000 178.189,000
1914. 7.565.000 194.953,000
1915. 7.148,000 228,851.000
1916. 7.757,000 182.309,000
1917. 8.835.000 208.975,000
Buckwheat.
1907. 800.000 14,290.000
1908. 803.000 15.874.000
1909. 878.000 14.849.000
1910. 860,000 17.598.000
1911. 833,000 17,549.000
1912. 841.000 19.249,000
1913. 805.000 13,833,000
1914. 792.000 16.881,000
1915. 769.000 15.056.000
1916. 828.000 11,662,000
1917. 1,006,000 17.460,000
Potatoes.
1907. 3,424,000 297,942.000
1908. 3,257.000 278,985.000
1909. 3,669,000 389,195,000
1910. 3.720,000 349,032,000
1911. 3,619.000 292,737.000
1912. 3.711,000 420.647.000
1913. 3.668.000 331,525,000
1914. 3,711,000 409,921,000
1915. 3,734,000 359,721,000
1916. 3,565,000 286,953,000
1917. 4,390,000 442,536,000
Hay.
Year. Acres. Tons.
1907. 44.028,000 63,677,000
1908. 46,486.000 70,798,000
1909. 45,744,000 64,938,000
1910. 45,691.000 60,978,000
1911. 43.017,000 47,444,000
1912. 49,530,000 72,691,000
1913. 48.954.000 64,116,000
1914. 49,145,000 70,071,000
1915. 51.108.000 85.920,000
1916. 55.721,000 91.192.000
1917. 53,516,000 79.528.000
Tobacco.
Year. Acres. Pounds.
1907. 820,800 698,126,000
1908. 875.425 718,061,380
1909. 1,285,000 1,055,765,000
1910. 1.366,000 1,103.415,000
1911. 1,013.000 905.109,000
1912. 1,226.000 962,855.000
1913. 1,216.000 953,734,000
1914. 1.224.000 1.034.679.000
1915. 1.370.000 1.062,237.000
1916. 1.412.000 1.150.622.000
1917. 1,447.000 1.196.451.000
S.
Value.
895,731.000
105,903.000
118.172,000
160,646.000
237.539.000
$9,975,000
12.004,000
1910.104',035,000 2,886,260.000 1,384,817,000
1911.105,825,000 2,531.488.000 1,565.258.000
1912.107,083.000 3,124,746,000 1,520,454,000
1913.105,820.000 2,446,988.000 1,692,092,000
1914.103,435,000 2,672,804,000 1,722,070,000
1915.106,197.000 2,994,793.000 1,722.680.000
1916.105,296,000 2,566.927,000 2,280,729.000
1917.119.755,000 3,159.494.000 4.053,672,000
Wheat.
1907. 45,211,000 634,087,000 $554,437,000
1908. 47,557,000 664,602,000 616.826,000
1909 44 261 000 683 350 000
11,636,000
12,735,000
12,720,000
10,445,000
12,892.000
11.843.000
13,147.000
27,954,000
$183,880,000
197,039,000
1910! 45i68l!oOO 635,121,000 561,051,000
1911. 49,543.000 621,338,000 543,063.000
1912. 45,814,000 730,267.000 555.280.000
1913. 50,184,000 763,380,000 610,122,000
1914. 53,541,000 891.017,000 878,680.000
1915. 60.469,000 1,025,801,000 942,303,000
1916. 52,316,000 636,318,000 1,019,968,000
1917. 49,941,000 650,828,000 1,307,418,000
Oats.
1907. 31,837.000 754,443,000 $334,568,000
1908. 32,344,000 807,156,000 381,171,000
1909 35 157 000 1 007 129 000
194,566,000
233.778.000
212,550,000
227,903.000
499,460,000
221,992.000
419,333.000
543.865,000
Value.
$743.507,000
635,423,000
689.345.000
747,769.000
694.570.000
856.695,000
797.077,000
779.068.000
913.644.000
1,022,930,000
1,359,491,000
Value.
$71.411,000
74,130,185
1910. 371548.000 1,186.341,000 408.388.000
1911. 37,763,000 922,298,000 414,663,000
1912. 37.917.000 1.418,337,000 452.469.000
1913. 38,399.000 1.121,768,000 439,596,000
1914. 38,442,000 1,141,060,000 499,431,000
1915. 40,996,000 1,549.030,000 559,506.000
1916. 41,527,000 1,251.837,000 655,928,000
1917. 43.572,000 1,587,286,000 1,061,427,000
Rye.
1907. 1.926,000 31,566.000 $23,068,000
1908. 1.948,000 31,851.000 23,455,000
1909 2 196 000 29 520 000
1910. 2.185,000 34.897.000 24,953,000
1911. 2.127,000 33,119.000 27,557.000
1912. 2,117,000 35.664.000 23,636.000
1913. 2,557,000 41,381.000 22.220,000
1914. 2,541,000 42.779,000 37,018,000
1915. 3,213,000 48,862.000 59,676.000
1916. 3.096.000 47,383,000 57,857,000
1917. 4.102.000 60.145,000 100,025,000
Barley.
1907. 6.448.000 153.597,000 $102.290,000
1908. 6,646.000 166.756,000 92.442,000
1909. 7.698.000 173,321.000 »
1910. 7,743.000 173,832,000 100,426.000
1911. 7,627.000 160.240.000 139.182.000
1912. 7.530.000 223.824,000 112,957,000
102.142.000
85.210.000
104.063.000
122.481.000
101.411.000
96.281.000
169.008.000
297.442,000
ALMANAC AN» YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
77
Cotton.
Year.
Acres.
Bales.
Value.
Year.
Acres.
Bales.
Value.
1912.
34.283,000
13.703.000
$792.240,000
1907.
31.311.000
11,107.179
8613,630.436
1913.
37,089.000
14.116,000
887,160.000
1908.
32.444,000
13,241,799
588,814,828
1914.
36,832,000
16.134.930
591.130.000
1909.
30.938,000
10,004,949
688,350.000
1915.
31,412.000
11,192.000
627,940.000
1910.
32.403.000
11.608.616
820,320.000
1916.
34,985,000
11,450,000
1.122,295.000
1911.
36.045.000
16,250.276
859.840,000
1917.
33,634,000
10.949,000
1,617,558.000
AVERAGE FARM VALUE OF CROPS.
DEC.
1.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
Wh't
Oats.
Corn
Rye.
Bar-
ley.
Bu'k-
wh't.
Pota-
toes.
Hay.
ton.
DEC.
1.
Wh't
Oats.
Corn
Rye.
Bar-
ley.
Bu'k-
wh't.
Pota-
toes.
Hay.
too.
Cts.
66.7
87.4
92.4
99.0
88.3
87.4
Cts.
31.7
44.3
47.2
40.5
34.1
45.0
Ots.
39.9
51.6
60.6
59.6
48.0
61.8
Cts.
58.9
73.1
73.6
73.9
72.2
83.2
Cts.
41.5
66.6
55.4
55.2
57.8
86.9
Cts.
59.6
69.8
75.6
69.9
65.7
72.6
Cts.
51.1
61.7
70.6
54.9
55.7
79.9
Dols.
10.37
11.08
8.98
10.62
12.»;
14.64
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1!)17.
Cts.
76.0
79.9
98.6
91.9
1H0.3
200.9
Cts.
31.9
39.2
43.8
36.]
52.4
66.9
Cts.
48.7
69.1
64.4
57.5
88.9
128. 3
Cts.
!>•;.:!
63.4
86.5
83.4
122.1
166.3
Cts
50.4
53.7
54.3
51.6
88.2
113.7
Cts.
66.1
75.5
76.4
78.7
112.9
160.1
Cts.
50.5
68.7
48.7
61.7
14K.1
122.9
Dols.
11.79
12.43
11.12
10.63
11.21
1T.09
BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From reports to U. S. department o£ agriculture.]
STATE, AND YEAK OF
BEET CHOP.
Fac-
tor-
ies.
No.
Av.
length
of
cam-
paiKn.
Days.
Sugar
made.
Tons.*
BEETS USED FOB SUGAR.
ANALYSIS OF
BEETS.
Per-
c'tage
av. ex-
tract'n
of
sugar.
Area.
Acres.
Quantity worked.
Av.
price
per
ton.
Per-
c'tage
su-
crose.t
Per ct.
purity
coeffi-
clent4
Tons.*
Av.
yield
acre.
California
14
15
7
14
5
15
21
92
91
70
53
70
82
60
209.325
234, 303
38,376
64.247
24,467
83,662
110.827
161.909
161.476
37.T45
82,151
24.234
80.289
116,<«3
1,321,716
1.749.875
286,446
461,721
202.C24
696.522
906.M1
8.16
10.84
7.59
5.67
8.36
8.68
7.75
{7.60
7.28
7.06
8.04
7.18
7.04
7.37
18.48
15.40
16.74
16.28
16.24
15.61
15.17
82.09
85.16
84.84
86.57
86.25
82.27
81.87
15.84
13.39
13.40
13.91
12.08
12.01
12.22
Colorado
Idaho
Ohio
Utah
Other states
United States. 1917
Total, 1916
91
74
67
60
71
74
80
92
85
85
765,207
820.657
874,220
722.054
783.401
664,797
665.308
611.301
483,400
580.006
5,625.545
5.919,673
6,150,293
5,288,500
5,*».».462
8.46
8.90
10. 1
10.9
9.76
7.39
6.12
6.67
5.45
6.69
16.28
16.30
16.49
16.38
15.78
83.89
84.74
84.38
83.89
83.22
13.60
13.86
14.21
13.65
12.96
Total, 1915
Total, 19H
Total, 1913
•Tons of 2,000 pounds, t Based upon weight of beets,
total soluble solids of the beets.
^Percentage of pure sugar in the
CENSUS REPORT OF BEET SUGAR MANUFACTURED.
1914. 1909.
Total acreage of beets planted 532.421 415.964
Total quantity of beets treated (tons of 2.000 Ibs.) 5.639.103 3,965,356
Sugar— Quantity (tons of 2.000 pounds) 743.473 501.682
Value 858.590.465 $45.937,629
Granulated— Quantity (tons of 2.000 pounds) 739.233 496,807
Value $58,351.323 $45,645,810
Raw— Quantity (tons of 2,000 pounds) 4,240 4,875
Value $239.142 8291,819
Molasses— Quantity (gallons of 12.2 pounds) 26.461.291 20.812,747
Value $1,536.192 $1.129,905
Pulp $2.094.863 $795.900
All other products $383.689 $258,949
Total value of products $62,605,209 $48,122.383
LOUISIANA CANE SUGAR AND
MOLASSES.
Fa
ctories. Sugar.
Molasses.
Year.
No. Tons.*
Gals.
1917
139 233 000
1916
150 303.900
26.154,000
1915
136 137,500
12,743.000
1914
149 242,700
17,177.443
1913
153 292.698
24.046,320
1912
126 153,573
14,302.169
•Tons of 2.000
pounds.
SHEEP (1918) AND WOOL
(1917).
Sheep,
Wool,
State.
Jan. 1.
pounds.
Maine
163,000
833,000
New Hampshire.
37.000
183,000
Vermont
106.000
597.000
Massachusetts ,
28.000
119,000
Rhode Island
6,000
24.000
Connecticut
20,000
75.000
New York
,. 840.000
3.514.000
26.000
80.000
913,000
4,225,000 '
Sheep, Wool.
State. Jan. 1. pounds.
Delaware . . . 10.000 31,000
Maryland 234,000 758.000
Virginia 686,000 1.862.000
West Virginia 751,000 2,695.000
North Carolina 137,000 553,000
South Carolina 31,000 95.000
Georgia 144.000 455,000
Florida 120.000 355,000
Ohio 3,091,000 13.923.000
Indiana 998.000 4,332.000
Illinois 988.000 3,855,000
Michigan 1,926,000 8.192,000
Wisconsin 651.000 2,636.000
Minnesota 568,000 2,964,000
Iowa 1,224.000 4.875,000
Missouri 1,466,000 4,810,000
North Dakota 252.000 1.418,000
South Dakota 750.000 3,738.000
Nebraska 408.000 1.922.000
Kansas 418.000 1,450.000
Kentucky 1.270.000 2.969.000
Tennessee 606.000 1.776.000
78
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sheep, Wool.
State. Jan. 1. pounds.
Alabama 131,000 350.000
Mississippi 174.000 491.000
Louisiana 209,000 560.000
Texas 2,188.000 10,045,000
Oklahoma 208.000 500,000
Arkansas 149,000 350.000
Montana 3,045.000 23,342.000
Wyoming 4.100,000 30.380,000
Colorado 2,086,000 8,820.000
New Mexico 3,135.000 18,422,000
Arizona 1,550,000 5,831.000
Utah 2.340,000 15,600.000
Nevada 1,630,000 10,200,000
Idaho 3,202,000 15,000.000
Washington 661,000 4,988.000
Oreg-on 2,448,000 13,200,000
California 2,776.000 12,180.000
United States 48,900,000 245,573,000
COTTON STATISTICS OP UNITED STATES.
In equivalent 500 pound bales.
Produc- Consump-
Year. tion. tion. Exports. Imports.
1790. 3,138 11,000 379 697
1800. 73.222 18.829 41.872 8,696
1810. 177,824 35,565 124.116 431
1820. 334.728 100.000 249,787 427
1830. 732.218 129,938 553,960 22
1840. 1,347,640 245,045 1.060.408 1,210
1850. 2,136.083 422,626 1,854.474 330
1860. 3,841,416 841,975 615,032
1870. 4.024.527 1,026.583 2.922.757
1880. 6.356,998 1.865.922 4,453,495
1890. 8.562,089 2.604.491 5.850.219
1,802
5,447
45,580
1900.10.123,027 3.603,516 6,806,572 116.610
1910.11,608,616 4,516.779 8,025.991 231.191
1915.11,191.820 7,055,760 6,405.993 420,995
1916.11.511.000
1917.10,949,000
CROPS OF 1917 BY STATES.
Corn.
Yield.
State. "Acres. bu. •Bushels. *Value.
Maine
New Hamp..
Vermont . . .
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut..
New York..
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland ...
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina..
Georgia
Florida
20
26
54
61
13
95
840
297
1.575
230
720
2,450
834
3.000
2.313
4.500
925
Ohio 3,950
Indiana
Illinois . . .
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota . .
5.651
11,000
1,750
1,918
3,000
Iowa 11.100
Missouri .
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota...
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky . .
Tennessee . .
Alabama ...
Mississippi. .
Louisiana ..
Texas
Oklahoma...
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
Wyoming . .
Colorado . . .
New Mexico
7,200
590
3,350
9,240
9.156
3,900
3.900
4,825
4.100
2.347
7.075
3,900
2,800
81
33
532
170
39.0
42.0
47.0
46.0
42.0
51.0
31.0
43.0
39.5
34.0
39.0
29.5
30.0
20.0
19.0
16.0
15.0
38.0
36.0
38.0
21.5
22.0
30.0
37.0
35.0
9.0
29.0
27.0
14.0
31.5
28.5
16.0
20.5
18.0
11.0
8.5
24.0
12.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
780
1,092
2,538
2,806
546
4.845
26,040
12,771
62,212
7,820
28.080
72,275
25,020
60,000
43,947
72,000
13,875
150,100
203,436
418,000
37.625
42.196
90,000
410,700
252,000
5,310
97.150
249.480
128,184
122.850
111,150
77,200
84,050
42,246
77,825
33,150
67,200
1.012
660
10.640
3.400
•000 omitted.
L.778
"2,370
5,406
6,033
1,289
10.417
51.559
21,711
95,184
10.948
39,312
110,581
42,534
102,000
84,378
115,200
19,425
204,136
254,295
459.800
68,478
68,779
99,000
443,556
287,280
8,018
116,580
299.376
160.230
148,648
133,380
96,500
115.989
61,679
129.968
48.730
94,080
1.771
1.155
13.300
6,392
Yield,
•Acres. bu. 'Bushels.
State.
Arizona .... 32
Utah 20
Nevada .... 2
Idaho 22
Washington. 41
Oregon
California. . . 75
U. S 119,755 26.43,159.4944.053,672
Winter Wheat.
27.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
37.0
30.0
32.0
864
500
60
682
1,517
1,260
2.400
•Value.
81,642
850
90
1.057
2.458
1,890
4.440
New York. .
New Jersey.
430
89
19.5
19.0
Pennsylvania 1.399 17.5
Delaware
Maryland . .
Virginia ....
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia
131
675
1,280
315
930
175
244
Ohio 1,870
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan ...
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota ..
Iowa
Missouri . . .
S. Dakota...
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky . .
Tennessee ..
Alabama . . .
Mississippi. .
Texas
Oklahoma ..
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
Wyoming . .
Colorado . . .
N. Mexico. .
Arizona ....
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon
California...
U. S.
1.805
1,600
845
93
80
170
1.800
120
597
3,713
750
525
93
14
1,350
3,100
210
605
75
336
134
33
230
4
310
505
420
375
16.5
17.0
14.0
14.0
10.5
10.5
8.5
22.0
18.5
19.0
18.0
24.0
18.0
17.5
15.3
14.0
12.0
12.3
12.0
9.2
10.0
15.0
12.0
11.5
16.0
13.0
20.0
23.0
10.0
25.0
14.0
26.0
18.0
21.5
20.0
19.8
8,385
1,691
24,482
2,162
11,475
17,920
4,410
9.765
1,838
2.074
41.140
33.392
30,400
15,210
2.232
1,440
2,975
27.540
1.680
7.164
45.670
9,000
4,830
930
210
16,200
35,650
3.360
7,865
1.500
7,728
1.340
825
3,220
104
5.580
10,858
8,400
7.425
Maine
Vermont . . .
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota ..
Iowa
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota . .
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Montana ...
Wyoming . .
Colorado . . .
N. Mexico. .
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon
27.430 15.2 418.070
Spring Wheat.
11 14.0
3 20.0
146 21.2
3.230 17.5
250 21.5
7,000 8.0
3,596 14.0
400 16.5
6.0
9.0
44
1,122
123 22.0
264 S*' 0
69 18\0
90 27.0
28.0
22.0
37
375
1.350 13.6
401 11.0
154
60
3.095
56.525
5,375
56,000
50,344
6.600
264
10,098
2,706
5,808
1,242
2,430
1,036
8,250
18,360
4,411
$17,608
3,602
50,188
4.497
23,753
38.707
9.570
22.850
5.330
6.015
83.926
67,786
61,104
31,028
4,509
2.909
5.920
53.703
3.293
13.970
90.427
19,080
10.723
2,511
630
34,020
69.161
6.754
15,101
3.000
14,915
2.881
1,732
5.732
187
10,156
20,956
15,288
14,850
848,372
8362
142
6,252
114.180
10.696
112.000
98.674
12.870
523
19,388
5.412
11.209
2.670
4,325
1.865
15,015
35,435
8.028
U. S 18,511
Maine
New Hamp..
Vermont ...
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut..
New York..
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland . .
170
14
88
12
2
20
1.275
73
1.175
4
47
12.6
Oats.
29.0
38.0
36.0
37.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
34.0
35.0
32.0
31.0
232.758 459.046
4,930
532
3,168
444
62
660
44,625
2.482
41,125
128
1.457
$4.190
447
2,693
360
46
521
33.469
1,737
30,021
100
1.093
»000 omitted.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
79
State. '
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina..
Georgia
Florida
Ohio
•Acres.
225
143
340
400
650
55
1.775
1,820
4,700
1,550
2,250
3,250
5,250
1.480
2.575
1,925
3,038
2,284
310
300
540
300
84
1,425
1,150
340
680
263
293
45
10
100
14
275
292
365
196
Yield,
bu.
24.5
27.0
17.0
15.0
16.0
14.0
44.0
42.0
52.0
36.5
44.0
37.0
47.0
40.0
15.0
34.0
38.0
31.0
26.0
24.5
18.0
19.0
22.3
26.0
23.0
28.0
20.0
36.0
38.0
30.0
40.0
44.0
40.0
38.0
38.5
25.0
35.0
•Bushels.
5.512
3,861
5.780
6.000
10,400
770
78.100
76,440
244,400
56.575
99.000
120,250
246.750
59.200
38,625
65,450
115.444
70,804
8,060
7.350
9.720
5,700
1.873
37,050
26,450
9.520
13,600
9.468
11,134
1,350
400
4,400
560
10,450
11 242
9!l25
6.860
•Value.
84,630
3,050
5,375
6.000
12,168
755
49.984
48.157
158,860
36,208
65,340
75.758
155,452
36,112
23,948
39,924
70,421
45,315
6,126
6.100
9,914
5,358
1,761
30.381
19,838
7.140
11.016
7,574
8,462
1,134
384
3,740
538
8,046
9,106
6,844
6.831
State. •
New York..
Pennsylvania
Maryland . .
Virginia . . .
Ohio
Acres.
110
13
6
12
40
66
130
600
1,400
300
6
1,825
1,020
213
750
5
6
9
9
90
27
168
13
33
33
12
190
170
182
1,350
Yield,
bu. *Bushels.
28.0 3.080
28.0 364
26.0 156
30.0 360
33.0 1,320
30.5 671
37.5 2,475
26.5 3.445
32.0 19,200
27.0 37,800
35.0 10,500
25.0 150
12.5 22.812
26.0 26.520
26.5 5.644
10.0 7,500
28.0 140
20.0 120
20.0 180
18.0 162
15.0 1,350
29.0 783
33.0 5,544
28.0 364
35.0 1,155
37.0 1,221
35.0 420
29.0 5.510
29.0 4,930
29.0 5,278
29.0 39,150
•Value.
S4.004
510
203
500
1,558
698
2,995
4,100
23,808
41,958
12,285
141
22,812
29,173
5.531
8,625
161
173
247
240
1.390
1.018
5,766
506
1.732
1,465
500
5,786
5,670
6.070
46.980
Indiana ....
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
Minnesota .
Iowa
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
Minnesota .
Iowa .
Missouri . .
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota. .
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky . .
Tennessee . .
Texas . . .
Missouri . . .
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota...
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky . .
Tennessee .
Alabama . .
Mississippi. .
Louisiana .
Texas
Oklahoma .
Montana . .
Wyoming . .
Colorado . .
N. Mexico . .
Arizona . . .
Utah
Oklahoma .
Arkansas . .
Montana ...
Wyoming: . .
Colorado . .
New Mexico
Arizona . . .
Utah
Nevada . . .
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon
California . . .
Nevada
Idaho
U. S
8.835 23.7
Buckwheat
15 21.5
2 19.0
13 22.0
2 15.0
3 17.3
330 18.0
16 18.0
350 18.0
3 20.0
11 20.0
33 21.1
45 20.0
12 20.0
25 17.2
10 15.0
4 19.0
75 9.0
23 12.2
11 14.0
11 12.0
6 15.0
2 16.0
4 17.0
208,975
322
38
286
30
52
5,940
288
6.300
60
220
696
900
240
430
150
76
675
281
154
132
90
32
68
237.539
$483
... 70
429
50
104
9,504
455
10,269
89
363
1.044
1,530
312
658
232
129
992
489
208
264
130
48
102
Maine
Washington.
California...
New Hamp..
Vermont . . .
Mass'ch'setts
Connecticut..
New York . .
New Jersey..
Pennsylvania
Delaware ...
Maryland . .
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
Ohio
U. S
43.572
1
3
7
135
69
260
1
24
77
20
52
17
15
90
200
43
341
410
410
50
30
1,040
350
215
76
30
12
4
2
9
2
9
18
27
13
7
31
36.4 1,587,286 1,061,427
Rye.
20.0 20 S35
19.0 57 114
20.5 144 302
19.0 2.565 4.720
18.5 1.276 2.233
17.0 4,420 7,514
16.0 16 28
16.0 384 645
15.0 1.155 2,021
13.5 270 456
10.0 520 1,040
10.0 170 484
8.5 128 346
18.0 1.620 2.608
15.0 3,000 4,800
17.5 752 1,241
15.0 5,115 8,440
18.5 7.585 12.819
18.5 7.585 12.667
18.0 900 1.395
14.7 441 728
9.5 9,880 16.203
16.0 5.600 8.680
15.6 3.354 5.199
15.0 1,140 1,904
12.5 375 656
10.0 120 234
9.5 38 102
10.0 20 39
10.0 90 153
13.5 27 40
12.7 114 188
14.0 252 391
16.0 432 631
8.0 104 166
15.5 31 42
12.7 89 156
11.5 356 605
Vermont ...
Mass'ch'setts
Connecticut..
New York . .
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland . .
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina..
Georgia ....
Ohio
Indiana . . .
Illinois ....
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
Minnesota .
'Indiana
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin .
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri . .
Nebraska . .
Tennessee .
U. S
1,006 17.4
Potatoes.
150 135
21 107
30 100
38 115
5 135
29 110
400 95
98 114
321 92
13 95
60 100
200 99
65 115
50 90
15 96
19 84 •
25 91
160 100
92 92
150 90
378 95
307 114
300 112
138 95
d.
17.460
20,250
2,247
3,000
4,370
675
3,190
38,000
11,172
29,532
1,235
6,000
19,800
7,475
4,500
1,440
1,596
2,275
16,000
8,4(it
13,500
35,910
34,998
33.600
13,110
27,954
$26,325
3,752
4,200
7,648
1.181
5.232
49.400
15,753
39,868
1,606
7,140
24,750
9,867
6,435
3,024
3.112
4,664
22,880
11,765
20,520
37.706
31.498
30.576
17.174
Maine
Missouri ...
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota . .
Nebraska . .
Kansas ....
Kentucky . .
Tennessee . .
Alabama . .
Texas
New Hamp..
Vermont ...
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut..
New York . .
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland' . .
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina..
Georgia . . .
Florida
Ohio
Oklahoma ..
Arkansas . .
Montana . .
Wyoming . .
Colorado . .
Utah
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon
U. S
4,102 14.7
Barley.
7 21.0
1 31.0
17 29.0
ed.
60.145
147
31
493
100,025
$191
. 54
690
Indiana ....
Illinois
Michigan . .
Wisconsin . .
Minnesota .
Maine
New Hamp..
Vermont . . .
•000 omitt
•000 omitte
80
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
State. *Acres.
Missouri .. . 109
N. Dakota.. 90
S. Dakota . . 80
Nebraska . . 147
Kansas .... 78
Kentucky .. 70
Tennessee . . 52
Alabama . . 41
Mississippi . 14
Louisiana .. 25
Texas 46
Oklahoma . 36
Arkansas . . 30
Montana . . 57
Wyoming . . 30
Colorado . . 70
New Mexico 11
Arizona ... 4
Utah 23
Yield,
bu.
87
43
90
85
57
96
94
72
78
64
60
69
80
95
155
133
116
105
189
207
156
125
108
145
•Bushels.
9.483
3,870
7,200
12,495
4,446
6,720
4,888
2,952
1,092
1,600
2.760
2,484
2,400
5,415
4,650
9.310
1,276
420
4,347
3,105
6,084
9,875
8,100
15,225
•Value.
812,992
5.031
7.992
13,370
6,758
9,408
6,159
5,373
1.835
2.944
5.796
4,471
3.768
5.523
4.836
8.472
2,105
630
3,391
3.726
4,806
9.085
6.480
22.838
State.
Virginia . .
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina..
Georgia . . .
Florida
Alabama . .
Mississippi..
Louisiana ..
Texas
Arkansas . .
Tennessee .
Missouri . . .
Oklahoma .
California...
Arizona . . .
Other
Cotton.
Yield,
•Acres. Ibs.
45 170
1.453 187
2,876 205
5.028 173
183 105
2.195 110
2,801 153
1,350 218
11.052 135
2,645 162
857 115
140 175
2,838 150
117 275
39 291
15
•Bales.
16
570
1,235
1,820
40
505
895
615
3,115
895
206
51
890
67
24
5
•Value.
$2.224
78,945
175,370
262,080
10,100
70,700
127,538
82.102
415,852
126,195
28.119
7.012
117.925
9,380
3,324
692
U. S.,,,
State.
Minnesota .
Iowa
33,634 155.7 10,9491,517.558
Flaxseed.
Yield,
•Acres. bu. 'Bushels. 'Value.
220 9.0 1,980 $5,841
12 11.0 132 363
6 8.5 51 140
965 3.9 3.764 11.292
140 7.0 980 2,930
6 5.5 28 70
34 7.0 238 690
422 3.0 1,266 3,735
3 6.5 20 52
2 7.0 14 35
Nevada .... 15
Idaho 39
Washington. 79
Oregon 75
California... 105
Missouri . .
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota . .
Nebraska . .
Kansas ....
Montana . ..
Wyoming . .
Colorado . .
U. S
U. S 4.390
100.8 442.536
t Potatoes.
120 2,880
110 110
112 560
118 1,180
104 4,160
140 280
95 8,550
95 7,600
93 11,625
100 3.500
95 95
106 318
97 776
90 270
112 896
92 368
95 1.140
95 2.850
90 16.020
65 5.525
79 4,898
78 6,552
90 1.350
110 4,400
118 236
167 1,002
543,865
$4.608
154
672
1,180
4,576
392
8,978
7.904
12.206
4.025
166
525
1,164
567
1,263
589
1.425
2.992
14.738
5,359
5,094
9,173
2.160
4,224
484
1.503
Swee
New Jersey. 24
Pennsylvania 1
Delaware 5
Maryland 10
Virginia . 40
W. Virgin! 2
N. Carolin 90
S. Carolina 80
Georgia . . 125
Florida .. 35
Ohio 1
Indiana . . 3
Illinois . .
Iowa ....
Missouri .
Kansas ... 4
Kentucky .
Tennessee
Alabama . 178
Mississippi 85
Louisiana 62
Texas ... 84
Oklahoma 15
Arkansas . 40
New Mexico 2
California... 6
1,809
Hay
•Acres.
1,160
506
945
460
60
350
4,185
350
3,092
78
442
850
790
440
250
535
100
2,925
2.146
2.750
2,558
2,703
1.850
3.160
3,180
550
735
1,590
1,478
975
892
1,448
261
260
450
575
390
759
560
970
202
157
392
234
725
808
840
2.400
4.7
( Tame)
Yield,
tons.
1.35
1.35
1.62
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.46
1.45
1.40
.1.26
1.25
1.16
1.27
1.20
1.12
1.05
1.10
1.42
1.40
1.25
1.50
1.70
1.55
1.23
1.15
.88
1.50
1.60
1.50
1.30
1.28
.80
1.42
1.60
1.00
1.60
1.47
1.40
1.70
2.45
1.90
3.50
2.90
2.90
3.00
2.20
1.95
1.90
8,473
•Tons.
1,566
683
1,531
690
90
525
6.110
508
4.329
98
552
986
1.003
528
280
562
110
4.154
3.004
3,438
3.837
4,595
2,868
3.887
3.657
484
1,102
2,544
2,217
1.268
1.142
1,158
371
416
450
920
573
1,063
952
2.376
384
550
1,137
679
2.175
1,778
1.638
4.560
25,148
•Value.
$17,383
8,196
17,606
13,731
1,827
10,238
92,261
10,160
75.758
2.009
10,985
21.002
21.163
10,402
5,768
11.240
2,002
78,926
56,175
68.760
65.996
79,494
34.703
65.302
63.998
5,566
11,681
38,669
36,802
25.740
22.041
18.760
5.676
5.949
9,000
14.168
8,824
19,772
16.184
39.442
8.064
13.640
17.055
10.796
34.800
35,560
28,665
87,552
State.
Maine
New Hamp..
Vermont . . .
Mass'ch'setts
Rhode Island
Connecticut .
New York..
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
Delaware . .
Maryland . .
Virginia . . .
W. Virginia.
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia . . .
Florida ....
Ohio
U. S 1,446,600
T
State. Acres.
New Hamp.. 100
Vermont . . . 100
Mass'ch'setts 8,400
Connecticut.. 21.100
New York . . 2,500
Pennsylvania 41,500
Maryland .. 28.600
Virginia . . . 185,000
W. Virginia. 11.300
N. Carolina. 325.000
S. Carolina.. 72,000
Georgia . . . 1.600
Florida 3,100
Ohio 103 200
827.1 1.153.278
obacco.
Yield.
Ibs. 'Pounds.
1.670 165
1,650 160
1,409 14,774
1,400 36.186
1.250 4,551
1,400 49,096
790 19.635
700 129,200
800 12,690
630 176,000
710 20,280
1.000 1.534
1,100 3.025
960 95,000
950 13,764
800 525
950 55,753
940 3,040
900 435,600
810 81,760
730 60
350 90
670 140
700 250
297.443
•Value.
$45
45
4,544
11,343
688
12.201
4.519
34,318
2,712
64,496
11.809
912
1,944
24,768
3,374
106
8.030
598
96,838
13,908
51
74
70
49
Indiana . . .
Illinois ....
Michigan . .
Wisconsin ..
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri . . .
N. Dakota..
S. Dakota...
Nebraska . .
Kansas
Kentucky . .
Tennessee ..
Alabama . .
Mississippi..
Louisiana ..
Texas
Oklahoma .
Arkansas . .
Montana . .
Wyoming . .
Colorado . .
New Mexico
Arizona . . .
Utah
Indiana .... 14,800
Illinois 700
Wisconsin .. 48,300
Missouri . . . 3.000
Kentucky ..474,000
Tennessee ..101.000
Alabama . . 200
Louisiana .. 600
Texas 200
Nevada . . .
Idaho
Washington.
Oregon ....
California...
Arkansas . . 300
U. S 1,446,600
•000 omitted.
827,1 1.153,278
297,442
U. S
53,516
d.
1.49
79.528 1,359.491
•000 omitte
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
81
Rice.
Yield,
State. Acres. bu. 'Bushels. *Value.
N. Carolina. 300 26.0 8 $16
S. Carolina.. 3,000 25.0 75 146
Georgia .... 900 30.0 27 53
Florida 800 26.0 21 41
Missouri ... 400 45.0 18 34
Alabama . . 400 27.0 12 23
Mississippi.. 2,100 30.0 63 120
Louisiana ..500.000 36.5 18,250 34,675
Texas 230.000 27.0 6.210 12,420
Arkansas ..146.200 41.0 5,994 11,389
California... 80,000 70.0 5.600 9,800
Yield.
State. Acres. bu. Bushels.
Colorado 193,000 7.6 1,467,000
New Mexico 213,000 4.5 958,000
Arizona 19,000 8.0 152,000
Washington 16,000 8.0 128,000
Calif ornia 558 000 14.4 8 035,000
All other, probably 100,000 8.5 850,000
United States.... 2,117.200 8.6 18,129.000
Kafirs.*
Yield.
State. tAcres. bu. fBushels. tValue.
Kansas 2,126 15.0 31,890 $49,430
U. S 964,100 37.6 36.278 68,717
Peanuts.
State. Acres. Bushels. Value.
Virginia ... 165.000 5.775.000 $11,434,000
N. Carolina. 202,000 7,676,000 14,047.000
S. Carolina. 10,000 450,000 1.012,000
Georgia ... 255,000 9,435,000 15,096,000
Florida ... 40,000 1,400,000 2,604,000
Missouri .. 400 18.000 47,000
Tennessee 15,000 450,000 544,000
Alabama . 711,000 16,013,000 20.016,000
Mississippi. 4,000 136,000 184,000
Louisiana . 35.000 1.015,000 1,715,000
Oklahoma 1,400 16.0 22,400 31,360
Colorado 88 15.0 1,320 2,376
New Mexico.... 195 18.0 3,510 6,318
Arizona 60 33.0 1,980 3.564
Total 5153 147 75866 121,842
•Grain sorghums, milo maize, ieterida.
tOOO omitted.
Miscellaneous Crops in 1911.
Production. Farm value.
Sorghum sirup, gals. ..34,175,000 $21,188,000
Onions, bushels 13,554,000 22,523,000
Cabbage, tons 502,700 17,080,000
Hops, pounds 27.788,000 9,363,000
Oklahoma .. 17.000 544,000 1,083,000
Arkansas .. 30,000 1,110,000 2.042.000
Cranberries, barrels . . . 249,000 2,550,000
Clover seed, bushels... 1,356,000 17,430,000
Apples, barrels 58203000 213057000
Total ....2,084,400 60,222,000 105,950.000
Oranges.
State. Boxes. Value.
Florida 4200000 S9 660 000
Peaches, bushels 45066000 61245000
Pears, bushels 13,281,000 15,379,000
Oranges, boxes 12,832,000 33,398,000
RANK OF STATES BY CROP VALUES -IN
1917 AND 1916. ,_Bank.-^
State. Crop value. 1917. 1916.
Maine $71,425,000 37 32
California 8.632.000 23,738,000
Total ... 12 832 000 33 398 000
Hops.
Yield.
State. Acres. Ibs. 'Pounds. 'Value.
New York.. 4,500 640 2.880 $2,160
Washing-ton. 3,500 1,200 4.200 1.134
Oregon 10,000 500 5,000 1,200
California... 11.900 1,320 15.708 4,869
New Hampshire.. 25,748,000 46 43
Vermont 45,950.000 42 41
Massachusetts . . . 69.106,000 38 38
Rhode Island 8,352,000 48 48
Connecticut 57,814,000 39 40
New York 417.798,000 12 8
Total 29,900 929.4 27,788 9,363
Broom Corn.
Yield,
State. Acres. tons. Tons. 'Value.
Illinois 30.000 .275 8.250 $3.712
Kansas 60.000 .200 12,000 3,348
Texas 4.000 .172 688 182
Pennsylvania 412,394,000 13 7
Delaware 27,707,000 44 46
Maryland 123,879,000 31 34
Virginia 344,159,000 22 20
West Virginia 132,281,000 30 33
North Carolina... . 417,846,000 11 11
South Carolina... 389,887,000 15 22
Georgia 542,733,000 6 5
Oklahoma .175.000 .150 26.250 6,694
Colorado . . 30.000 .155 4.650 1,311
Florida 104,771,000 33 37
Total 299,000 .173 51,838 15.247
Beans.
Yield.
State. Acres. bu. 'Bushels. 'Value.
New York.. 210,000 7.5 1.575 $12,758
Michigan ..639,000 5.5 3,514 26,706
Colorado ..193.000 7.6 1.467 7,042
New Mexico.213.000 4.5 958 5,221
Arizona . . . 19.000 8.0 152 882
California ..558.000 14.4 8.035 49,817
Indiana 503,154,000 8 9
Illinois 842,042,000 1 3
Michigan 356,265,000 21 17.
Wisconsin 367,095,000 17 15
Minnesota 480,230,000 9 12
Iowa 783,488,000 3 2
Missouri 546,036,000 5 14
North Dakota 220.290,000 27 26
South Dakota 366,582,000 18 24
Nebraska 522,186,000 7 4
Total ...1,832,000 8.6 15,701 102.426
Edible Dry Beans.
Yield,
State. Acres. bu. Bushels.
Maine 33 000 10 0 330 000
Kansas 399,844,000 14 6
Kentucky 375,710000 16 19
Tennessee 200,819000 26 21
Alabama 291,563,000 25 27
Mississippi 359,596,000 19 23
New Hampshire... 10,000 10.0 lOOloOO
Texas 788,983,000 1
Massachusetts 4,000 10.0 40,000
New York 210,000 7.5 1,575,000
Arkansas 359,538,000 20 16
Montana 103,845.000 35 29
New Jersey 8.000 10.0 80,000
Pennsylvania 13,000 8.0 104,000
West Virginia 18,000 8.0 144000
Ohio 7,000 5.0 35,000
Indiana 5,000 12.0 60,000
Wyoming 52,829,000 40 42
Colorado 164,890-,000 28 30
New Mexico 38,470.000 43 44
Arizona 27,068,000 45 45
Utah 49.627,000 41 39
Wisconsin 35,000 7.5 262.000
Iowa 7,000 6.0 42000
Missouri 9.200 10.0 92000
Nevada 25,655,000 47 47
Idaho ..., 94,890.000 36 36
Washington 144.422,000 29 28
Oregon 108 63° 000 3^ 31
Tennessee 10,000 6.0 60,000
California 432,285.000 10 13
•000 o-i'" '
United States. . . 13,580,768.000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WORLD'S POTATO CROP.
[From department of agriculture report.]
During- the five-year period 1909-1913 the
world's potato crop averaged about 5,471,000,-
000 bushels annually, ranging- between 4,842,-
000,000 bushels in 1911 and 5,873,000,000
bushels in 1912. Of the averag-e yearly pro-
duction during1 this period, a total of 2,692,-
000,000 bushels, or 49 per cent, was furnished
by the ten countries named below. In 1917,
these ten countries produced 2,734,156,000
bushels of potatoes, or 50 per cent of the
average annual production during- 1909-1913.
Detailed figures for these countries for 1917,
with comparative figures for 1916, are shown
in the following table:
Country. 1917, bu. 1916. bu.
United States. . . . 442,536,000 286,953,000
Canada 79,892,000 63,297,000
United Kingdom.. 321,165,000 204,172,000
Italy 55,115,000 54,277,000
Japan 36,923,000 39,006,000
Netherlands 89,858,000 88,490,000
Norway 27,733,000 29,189,000
Sweden 64,558,000 54,972,000
Switzerland 36,376,000 18,000,000
Germany* 1.580.000.000 882.000.000
Total 2,734,156,000 1,720,356,000
•Figures for Germany for 1916 and 1917
are unofficial.
WHEAT HARVEST CALENDAR.
January — Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Ar-
gentine Republic.
February and March — Upper Egypt, India.
April — Lower Egypt, India, Syria, Cyprus.
Persia, Asia Minor, Mexico, Cuba.
May — Texas, Algeria, Central Asia, China,
Japan, Morocco.
June — California, Oregon, Mississippi, Ala-
bama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Tennessee, .Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas,
Arkansas, Utah, Colorado, Missouri, Turkey,
Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, south of France.
July — New England, New York, Pennsyl-
vania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa,
Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, Nebraska, up-
per Canada, Roumania, Bulgaria, Austria,
Hungary, south of Russia, Germany, Switzer-
land, south of England.
August — Central and northern Minnesota.
Dakotas, Manitoba, lower Canada. British Co-
lumbia, Belgium, Holland, Great Britain, Den-
mark, Poland, central Russia.
September and October — Scotland, Sweden,
Norway, north of Russia.
November — Peru, South Africa.
December — Burma, New South Wales.
FARM ANIMALS AND PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES.
Milch cows — Number. Per head. Total value.
1916 22.108,000 53.92 $1.191.955.000
1915 21,262,000 55.33 1,176,338,000
1910 20.625,000 35.29 727.802,000
Other cattle
COMPARISON BY YEARS.
Number. Price.
Horses— 1918 21,563.000 $104.28
1917 21,210.000 102.89
1916... 21,159,000 101.60
1915 21,195.000 103.33
1914 20.962.000 109.32
Mules— 1918 4,824,000 128.74
1917 4,723.000 118.15
1916 4,593.000 113.83
1915 4,479.000 112.36
1914 4,449,000 123.85
Milch cows— 1918 23,824,000 70.59
1917 22.892.000 59.63
1916 22,108,000 53.92
1915 21,262,000 55.35
1914 20,737.000 53.94
Other cattle— 1918 43.546,000 40.88
1917 41.689.000 35.92
1916 39.812.000 33.53
1915 37.067.000 33.38
1914 35,855,000 31.13
Sheep— 1918 48.900.000 11.82
1917 47,616,000 7.13
1916 48,625,000 5.17
1915 49,956,000 4.50
1914 49.719,000 4.02
Swine— 1918 71.374.000 19.51
1917 67,503,000 11.75
1916 67,766,000 8.40
1915 64.618.000 9.87
1914 58,933.000 10.40
| LIVE STOCK IN THE UNITED STATES.
Department of agriculture estimate of live
stock on farms and ranges of the United States
on Jan. 1 of the years specified with value per
head and aggregate value.
.21,159,000
.21,195,000
.19,833,000
Horses —
1918. ..
1917. ..
1916. ..
1915. ..
1910. ..
Mules—
1918. ..
1917. ..
1916. ..
1915. ..
1910. . .
Milch cow
1918. . . .23,824,000
1917 22,894,000
Number. Per head. Total value.
21,563,000 $104.28 $2,248,626,000
21,210,000 102.89 2,182,307,000
101.60 2,149.786.000
103.33 2,190,102,000
108.03 2.142,524,000
4.824,000
4,723,000
4,59.3,000
4,479,000
4,210,000
128.74
118.15
113.83
112.36
120.20
70.59
59.63
621.064,000
558.006,000
522,834,000
5,03,271.000
506,049,000
1.643,639,000
1,365,251,000
1918
1917. .
1916. .
1915. .
1910..
Sheep —
1918..
1917. .
1916..
1915. .
1910..
Swine —
1918. .
1917..
1916. .
1915. .
1910.
.43,546,000
, .41,689,000
.39,812,000
.37,067,000
.41,178,000
, .48,900,000
, .47,616,000
, .48,625,000
, .49,956,000
,.52,448,000
40.88
35.92
33.53
33.38
19.07
11.82
7.13
5.17
4.50
4.13
1,780,052,000
1,497.621.000
1,334,928,000
1,237,376,000
785,261,000
577,867,000
339,529,000
251,594,000
224,687,000
216,030.000
.71,374,000 19.51 1,392,276,000
.67,503,000 11.75 792,898.000
.67,766,000 8.40 569,573,000
.64.618,000 9.87 637.479,000
.58,186,000 9.17 533,309,000
The states having the largest number of
farm animals of each of the above kinds Jan.
1. 1918, were:
Horses — Iowa, 1,583,000; Illinois, 1,467,000;
Texas, 1,212.000; Kansas, 1.142,000: Ne-
braska, 1,049.000; Missouri, 1,040,000: Min-
nesota, 944,000; Ohio, 893,000; Indiana,
837,000; North Dakota, 842,000; South
Dakota, 811,000; Oklahoma, 737,000; Wis-
consin, 708.000; Michigan, 680,000; New
York, 597,000: Pennsylvania. 590,000.
Mules — Texas, 808,000; Missouri, 367,000;
Georgia, 334,000; Mississippi, 307,000; Ala-
bama, 289,000; Oklahoma, 276,000; Kansas,
280,000; Tennessee, 273,000; Arkansas,
263,000; Kentucky, 224,000; North Caro-
lina, 207,000; Illinois, 150,000.
Milch cows — Wisconsin, 1,785,000; New York.
1,524,000; Iowa, 1,405,000; Minnesota,
1,328,000; Texas, 1,128,000; Illinois, 1,057,-
000; Pennsylvania, 960,000; Kansas. 945,-
000; Ohio, 940.000; Missouri, 910,000;
Michigan. 874.000: Indiana, 713.000: Ne-
braska, 703.000: California, 597.000.
Cattle (other than milch cows) — Texas. 4.660,-
000; Iowa, 2.9-19.000; Nebraska, 2,803,000;
Kansas, 2.354.000; Missouri, 1,782,000;
California, 1,701,000; Minnesota, 1,540.000;
South Dakota, 1,438.000; Oklahoma, 1,404,-
000; Wisconsin, 1.394.000; Illinois, 1.314,-
000; Colorado. 1,272.000: New Mexico,
1,179.000; Arizona, 1,037,000; New York,
1,005,000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
83
Swine — Iowa, 10.307,000; Illinois, 5,111,000;
Missouri, 4,708,000; Nebraska, 4,200,000;
Indiana, 4,168,000; Ohio, 3,774,000; Texas,
3.068,000; Georgia, 2,766,000; Kansas,
2,560,000; Minnesota, 2,241,000; Alabama,
2,128,000; Wisconsin, 2,019,000; Mississippi,
1,902,000; Kentucky, 1,716,000; South Da-
kota, 1,504,000; North Carolina, 1,464.000:
Florida, 1,375,000; Michigan, 1,372,000;
Pennsylvania, 1,291,000; Louisiana, 1,568,-
000; Oklahoma, 1,219,000; Arkansas, 1,643,-
000: Virginia, 1,105,000.
Sheep — Wyoming-, 4,100,000; Montana, 3,045,-
000; New Mexico, 3,135,000; Idaho, 3,202,-
000; Ohio, 3.091,000; California, 2.776,000;
Oreg-on, 2,448,000; Utah, 2,348,000; Texas.
2,188,000: Colorado, 2,086,000; Michigan.
1,926,000; Nevada, 1,630,000; Missouri.
1,466,000; Iowa, 1,224,000; Kentucky.
1,270,000; Indiana, 998,000; Illinois, 988,-
000; Pennsylvania, 913,000; New York,
840,000; Wisconsin, 651,000; Minnesota,
568,000.
AVERAGE VALUE PER HEAD OF FARM ANIMALS.
1918. 1917. 1916. 1915. 1914. 1900-9. 1890-9. 1880-9. 1870-9.
Horses $104. 28 $102.89 $101.60 $103.33 $109.32 $71.99 $48.24 $67.78 $62.07
Mules 127.74
Milch cows 70.59
Other cattle 40.88
Sheep 11.82
Swine 19.51
118.15
59.63
35.92
7.13
11.75
113.83
53.92
33.53
5.17
8.40
112.36
53.33
33.38
4.50
9.87
123.85
53.94
31.13
4.04
10.40
84.98
30.12
18.09
3.13
6.46
58.79
23.35
16.53
2.23
4.81
76.63 75.65
26.65 27.27
19.77 17.54
2.21 2.32
5.18 4.76
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
Figures are chiefly for calendar year 1916; statistics incomplete on account of war.
Wheat.
Exports — Bushels.
Argentina 84.321,000
Canada 191,218,000
Netherlands 1,000
Russia 8,656,000
United States 154,050.000
Imports —
Brazil 15,574
British S. Africa.. 3,772,000
France 82,841,000
Italy 67.260,000
Japan 644,000
Netherlands 27,651,000
Spain 11,571
Switzerland 21,971,000
United kingdom. ..186,425,000
Wheat Flour.
Exports— Barrels.
Argentina 1.623,000
Canada 7,921,000
Netherlands 10,000
Russia 1,140.000
United States 14.379,000
Bra™iPl°r. *T 1.329.000
British S. Africa.. 452,000
France 6.246,000
Italy . ....... 1,517.000
Japan . 10,000
Netherlands 576,000
Spain 16,000
United kingdom... 5,646,000
Corn.
Exports — Bushels.
Argentina 113.143.000
British S. Africa.. 6,629.000
Russia 97,000
United States 55.252.000
Imports —
British S. Africa... 48,000
Canada 8,872,000
France 28.379,000
Italy 2,184,000
Netherlands 27.514
Norway 1,865.000
Russia 322,000
Spain 4,254,000
Switzerland 4.767,000
United kingdom... 68,759,000
Cotton.
Exports — Bales.
Brazil 5,000
China 237.000
Egypt 1,122,000
France 116,000
Netherlands 2,000
United States 7,603,000
Imports —
Canada 205,000
France 1,192,000
Imports — Bales.
Italy ll70,000
Japan 2,299,000
Netherlands
Russia
Spain
Switzerland
United kingdom...
United States
177.000
57,000
471,000
123,000
4,045,000
402,000
Cotton Seed Oil.
Exports — Gallons.
China 1.972,000
Egypt , 418,000
France 40,000
Netherlands 26.000
United kingdom . . . 770,000
United States 25,095,000
Imports —
Brazil 181,000
Canada 4,745,000
France 2,015,000
Italy 145,000
Netherlands 8,071,000
Norway 3,146,000
United kingdom . . . 2,935,000
Oil Cake and Meal.
Exports — Pounds.
Argentina 39,912
Canada 31.707,000
China 113,330,000
Egypt 185,731,000
France 248,495.000
Italy 32,453,000
Russia 160.630.000
United kingdom ... 3.857,000
United States 1,951,141
Imports —
Canada 14,730,000
Finland 127,177,000
France 4,150,000
Italy 885,000
Netherlands 461.341,000
Norway 72,100.000
Switzerland 58.447.000
United kingdom. . . 636,126
Unmanufactured Tobacco.
Exports — Pounds.
Brazil 46,943.000
Netherlands 4.760,000
Philippines 39,655.000
Russia 16.106.000
United States 483.955,000
Imports —
Argentina 19,168,000
Canada 20.878.000
China 19,618.000
Egypt 15.000.000
Finland 14,947.000
France 65,924,000
Italy 43,037,000
I Imports — Pounds.
Netherlands 59.787,000
Norway 5,143,000
Spain 33,492,000
Switzerland 21,826.000
United kingdom. . . 151.196.000
United States 49,473.000
Kice.
Exports— Pounds.
France 41.875.000
Netherlands 9,127,000
Imports
China 1,504,536.000
Egypt 17,368.000
France 501.923.000
Japan 63,613,000
Netherlands 144,254.000
Philippines 418,512,000
Russia 166.779.000
United kingdom . . .988,577,000
United States 215,712,000
Hops.
Exports— Pounds.
France 1,432.000
Russia 542,000
United kingdom . . . 1.206.000
United States 13,506.000
Imports —
British S. Africa.. 439,000
Canada 781.000
France 709,000
Switzerland 779.000
United kingdom ... 16.369.000
United States 631,000
Sugar.
Exports — Pounds.
Argentina 891,000
Brazil 118,663.000
China 25.555.000
Egypt ., .. 63,533,000
Fiji 269,983.000
France 208.308.000
Netherlands 101,819.000
Philippines 744.030,000
Russia 117,078.000
United kingdom . . . 10,296,000
Imports —
Argentina 66.930,000
British S. Africa . . 7,385.000
Canada 700,600,000
China 689,472.000
Egypt 16,477,000
Finland 110.510,000
France 1.160,151,000
Italy 166,849.000
Japan 213,485.000
Netherlands 17,392,000
Norway 136,552,000
Switzerland 243.296,000
United kingdom. 3,125.674,000
United States 5,532,322
84
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Tea.
Exports — Pounds.
China 204.672.000
Japan 46.273.000
Imports
Argentina 3.349.000
British S. Africa.. 6.479,000
Canada 36.678.000
China 30.944.000
France 5,830.000
Netherlands 18,045,000
Russia 172.843,000
United kingdom. . .302.416,000
United States 104,767,000
Coffee.
Exports — Pounds.
Brazil 172,474,000
Netherlands 147,748,000
Nicaragua 23,044,000
Salvador 78.829.000
United States 38,279,000
Imports —
Argentina 32.836,000
British S. Africa.. 28.905.000
Egypt 16,640,000
Finland 15,388.000
France 337,308
Italy 107,948.000
Netherlands 196.238,000
Norway 51.063.000
Russia 9,801.000
Spain 36,120.000
Switzerland 43,883.000
United kingdom ... 29.021.000
United States 1.166,888
Rosin.
Exports — Pounds.
France 71.777,000
Spain 22.822.000
United States 515,848.000
Imports —
Argentina 35,998,000
Brazil 40,714,000
Canada 28,882,000
Finland 9,630,000
France 707.000
Italy 43,915,000
Japan 30,182,000
Norway 11,074.000
Russia 58.109.000
Spain 356,000
Switzerland 7.852,000
United kingdom... 184,985,000
Turpentine.
Exports — Gallons.
France 991,000
Netherlands 4.000
Russia 5,000
Spain 1,114,000
United States 9.544.000
Imports —
Argentina 500,000
Canada 1,135.000
Italy 754,000
Netherlands 6,000
Russia 160,000
Switzerland 455,000
United kingdom . . . 5.937,000
Rubber.
Exports— Pounds.
Brazil 69.433,000
Ecuador 837,000
France 6.357,000
Imports —
Canada 986,797.000
France 39.122,000
Italy 11,728.000
Russia 17,804,000
United kingdom ... 59.941.000
United States 270,070,000
Wood Pulp.
Exports — Pounds.
Canada 1,117,796,000
Finland 223.139,000
Norway 1,522,991,000
Switzerland 14.671,000
United States 80.046.000
Imports —
Argentina 49,128,000
France 708,674,000
Italy 144.333,000
Japan 128.271.000
Russia 234.553,000
Spain 150,495,000
Switzerland 25.704,000
United kingdom. 1,474,054,000
United States.... 1.367,529,000
Butter.
Exports — Pounds.
Argentina 12,502,000
Canada 7,787.000
Finland 8,960.000
France 21.046,000
Italy 792,000
Netherlands 78.997.000
Norway 1,022,000
Exports — Pounds.
Russia . 22,000
United States 26,561,000
Imports —
Brazil 140.000
British S.Africa.. 273,000
Canada 2,092,000
Egypt 705,000
Finland 3,000
France 761,000
Netherlands 992,000
Russia 5,922,000
Switzerland 946.000
United kingdom. ..240,270,000
Cheese.
Exports — Pounds.
Canada 170.248,000
France 13,934,000
Italy 39,323,000
Netherlands 199,108,000
Russia 105,000
Switzerland 47.215.000
United States 64,093,000
Imports —
Argentina 3.133.000
Brazil 1.423.000
British S. Africa. 2,037.000
Egypt 1,865,000
France 24.140.000
Italy 252.000
Russia 3,066,000
Spain 1,453.000
Switzerland 427.000
United kingdom. ..287.115,000
United States 28,516,000
Wool.
Exports — Pounds.
Argentina 259.387,000
British S. Africa. 153.772,000
China 44,980.000
France 22,157,000
Netherlands 154,000
Persia 7.403.000
Spain 11,669,000
United kingdom ... 13,403,000
Imports —
Canada 19.918,000
France 172.314,000
Japan 40.758,000
Netherlands 12,698,000
Russia 19,609,000
Switzerland 29.121,000
United kingdom. . .634,640,000
United States 449,190,000
•AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS BY YEARS.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
$951.628,331
857.113,533
878.480.557
859.160,264
826,904,777
1906.... 8976.047.104
1907 1.054,405,416
1908.... 1.017.396.404
903.238.122
871.158,425
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
81,030,794.402
.1.050,627.131
.1.123.021,469
.1.113.973.635
.1.475,937,607
1916. ..$1.518,071.450
1917.... 1.969.849,707
•Domestic, from the
United States.
ESTIMATED VALUE OF FARM PRODUCTS.
Tear. Total.
1898 84.338,945.829
1899* 4.717.069.973
1900 5,009.595,006
1901... 5,302,120,039
1902 5.594,645.072
1903 5,887.170.104
1904 6,121.778.001
1905 6.273.997.363
1906 6.764.210,423
1907 7.487.988.622
1908 7,890,625,522
1909* 8.558.161.223
1910 9,037,390,744
1911 8.819.174,959
1912 9.342,790.149
1913 9.849.512.511
1914 9,894,960.531
1915 10,775.490,000
1916 13.449.310,000
1917 19.443,849,381
•Census. tPercentagre of whole.
, Animals and v
, Crops. —
' %
animal produ
cts.
Value.
tPct.
Value.
tPct.
82.759,569,547
63.6
81.579.376,282
36.4
2.998,704.412
63.6
1,718.365.561
36.4
3,191,941,763
63.7
1,817.653.243
36.3
3.385,179.114
63.8
1,916,940,925
36.2
3,578,416.465
64.0
2.016.228,607
36.0
3,771.653.816
64.1
2,115.516,288
35.9
3.981.675.866
65.0
2.140,102.135
35.0
4,012,652,758
64.0
2.261,344.604
36.0
4.263,134,353
63.0
2.501.076,070
37.0
4.761.111,839
63.6
2,726.876,783
36.4
5,098.292.549
64. G
2.792.332,973
35.4
5,487,161,223
64.1
3,071,000.000
35.9
5,486,373,550
60.7
3.551,017,194
39.3
5.562.058.150
63.1
3,257.116.809
36.9
5.842,220,449
62.5
3.500.569.700
37.5
6.132,758,962
62.3
3.716.753.549
37.7
6.111.684.020
61.8
3.783.276.511
38.2
6.907,187,000
64.1
3.868.304,000
35.9
9.110.868.000
67.7
4.338.442.000
32.3
13.580,768.000
70.0
5.833,386.599
30.0
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
86
ESTIMATED VALUE
PER ACRE OF FARM LAND.
Without improvements. With improvements. Av. lor Av. for Av. for
State or division.
1917.
1916.
1912.
1917.
1916.
1912.
poor.
good.
all.
Maine
$23.00
$17.00
$15.00
$41.00
$37.00
$36.00:
822.00
$47.00
$34.00
New Hampshire
20.00
18.00
15.00
40.00
38.00
34.00
24.00
50.00
37.00
Vermont
26.00
23.00
15.00
44.00
40.00
34.00
28.00
60.00
42.00
Massachusetts
38.00
36.00
26.00
76.00
75.00
66.00
36.00
93.00
64.00
Rhode Island
52.00
50.00
39.00
85.00
100.00
60.00
42.00
85.00
62.00
Connecticut
36.00
33.00
28.00
62.00
62.00
55.00
36.00
72.00
53.00
46.00
42.00
36.00
72.00
67.00
65.00
34.00
74.00
55 00
New Jersey
60.00
55.00
56.00
105.00
100.00
93.00
46.00
92.00
69.00
. 49.50
41.00
35.00
72.00
65.00
53.00
36.00
73.00
57.00
Delaware
. 50.00
43.00
37.00
73.00
64.00
60.00
33.00
75.00
55 00
. 43.00
40.00
27.00
65.00
60.00
42.00
30.00
62.00
48 00
Virginia
. 32.00
28.00
22.00
45.00
42.00
34.00
24.50
50.00
36 50
West Virginia
. 30.00
27.00
21.00
42.50
39.00
32.00
23.00
54.00
38 50
North Carolina
. 30.00
23.00
17.00
42.50
37.00
28.00
24.00
49.00
35.00
South Carolina......
. 25.00
21.00
20.00
35.00
32.00
34.00
21.00
43.00
33.00
Georgia
. 21.30
18.00
16.00
30.00
28.00
26.00
18.00
35.50
27.50
Florida
. 25.00
23.00
21.00
55.00
52.00
45.00
20.00
37.00
27 50
Ohio
. 71.00
67.00
56.00
95.50
91.00
77.00
55.00
99.50
80 00
Indiana
81.00
78.00
64.00
103.00
98.00
82.00
60.00
110.50
87.00
. 115.00
106.00
96.00
140.00
130.00
119.00
85.00
148.00
120.00
45.00
42.00
31.00
70.00
65.00
54.00
35.00
72.00
55 00
Wisconsin ,
. 68.00
62.00
43.00
95.00
90.00
63.00
53.50
99.50
80 00
. 60.00
54.00
41.00
83.00
75.00
56.00
50.00
81.00
68 00
128.00
125.00
83.00
156.00
153.00
106.00:
L04.00
163.00
140 00
. 54.00
50.00
37.00
69.00
65.00
54.00
42.50
76.00
60.00
North Dakota
. 31.00
29.00
24.00
39.00
37.00
30.00
24.00
39.00
33.00
South Dakota
. 50.50
47.00
37.00
63.00
60.00
48.00
41.00
62.50
54 00
Nebraska
. 67.00
62.00
58.00
80.00
76.00
74.00
51.00
90.00
74 00
Kansas
. 47.00
45.00
39.00
60.00
58.00
53.00
37.00
69.00
53 00
Kentucky
. 36.00
29.00
23.00
47.50
41.00
33.00
27.00
56.00
41 00
Tennessee
. 35.00
29.00
20.00
46.00
42.00
33.00
26.00
60.00
41.00
Alabama
. 14.00
13.00
12.00
21.00
20.00
19.00
13.00
23.50
17.00
Mississippi
16.00
14.00
12.00
25.00
23.00
20.00
13.00
28.00
20 00
Louisiana
. 22.00
19.00
20.00
33.00
27.00
35.0O
17.00
36.00
25 00
Texas
. 32.00
28.00
22.00
45.00
39.00
36.00
24.00
49.00
38 00
Oklahoma
. 26.00
23.00
20.00
35.00
31.00
29.00
19.00
42.00
30.00
Arkansas
. 22.00
16.00
12.00
32.00
27.00
24.00
17.00
39.00
27.00
Montana
. 25.00
24.00
21.00
35.00
34.00
36.00
19.00
41.00
31.50
Wyoming
. 23.00
22.00
18.00
33.00
33.00
32.00
20.00
41.00
30.00
Colorado
. 45.00
42.00
40.00
62.00
60.00
66.00
32.00
75.00
55.00
New Mexico
. 35.00
30.00
23.00
50.00
45.00
48.00
24.00
48.00
36.00
. 80.00
60.00
50.00
105.00
80.00
80.00
55.00
108.00
85.00
Utah ..
. 80.00
65.00
45.00
105.00
90.00
80.00
45.00
90.00
70.00
. 65.00
55.00
31.00
90.00
85.00
70.00
38.00
80.00
60.00
Idaho
. 55.00
49.00
45.00
71.00
64.00
66.00
37.00
77.00
58 00
. 75.00
64.00
50.00
100.00
102.00
100.00
50.00
110.00
80.00
Oregon
. 60.00
48.00
46.00
82.00
70.00
75.00
44.00
93 00
70 00
130.00
110.00
70.00
200.00
180.00
107.00
55.00
150.00
110.00
United States : 50.54 45.55 36.23 74.52 69.45 57.89 42.67 78.34 62.17
Corn, bu 2,717,775,000
Winter wheat, bu 555,725,000
Spring: wheat, bu 363,195,000
All wheat, bu 918,920,000
Oats, bu 1,535,297,000
Barley, bu 236,505,000
Rye, bu 76,687,000
Buckwheat, bu 19,473,000
Potatoes, bu 391,279, 000
Sweet potatoes, bu 85,473,000
Flax seed, bu 15.606.000
Rice, bu 41,918.000
Tobacco, Ibs 1,265.362,000
Hay, tame, tons 71,555,000
CROPS OF 1918.
[Department oi agriculture estimate, Oct. 1.]
14,699,000
86,254,000
11,818,000
Hay, wild, tons
All hay, tons
Cotton, bales
Apples, bu 198,389,000
Peaches, bu 40,185,000
Pears, bu 10,189,000
Cranberries, brls 371,800
Sugar beets, tons 6,458,000
Sorghum sirup, gals 29,973,000
Beans, dry. bu 17,802.000
Kafirs, bu 77,650.000
Peanuts, bu 71,460,000
Broom corn, tons 52.100
Clover seed, bu 1,383,000
BOMB EXPLOSION IN FEDERAL BUILDING, CHICAGO.
Four persons were killed and thirty or
more injured on the afternoon of Sept. 4,
1918, by the explosion of a bomb in the
Adams street entrance of the federal building
in Chicago. Those killed were Edwin R.
Kolkow, an old postoffice employe; William H.
Wheeler, a mail carrier; Joseph B. Ladd, a
bluejacket acting- as messenger for the navy
intelligence bureau, and Miss Ella Miehlke.
•who was entering the building to mail a
letter. The explosion caused considerable
damage to that part of the structure closest
to where the bomb had been placed, and all
the window glass in the vicinity was shat-
tered, but the main part of the building re-
mained intact and business continued as
usual.
On the theory that the bomb had been
placed with the intention of blowing up the
federal court in which the Industrial Workers
of the World had been convicted and sen-
tenced a short time before, the police and
government authorities arrested nine men
connected with the organization named, in-
cluding John W. Wilson, secretary to Wil-
liam D. Haywood.
86
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
ir. 15).
1900 (June 1).
Amount.
Pr. ct.
72,266
75,994,575
15,977,691
21.0
23,383
31,609,645
11,013,738
34.8
48,883
44,384,930
4,963,953
11.2
161,502
5,737,372
624,130
10.9
89,600
1,903,461,760
—172,160
98,325
838,591,774
40,206,551
4.8
51,750
414,498,487
63,953,263
15.4
138.1
146.2
—8.1
— 6.5
75.2
72.2
3.0
4.2
46.2
44.1
64.4
49.4
25.1
21.8
49,090
$20,439,901,164
$20,551,547,926
100.5
74,169
13,058,007,995
15,417,666,174
118.1
51,528
3,556,639,496
2,768,812,032
77.8
49,783
749,775,970
515,373,813
68.7
73,610
3,075,477,703
1,849,695,907
60.1
6,444
3,563
2,881
80.9
46.64
24.37
22.27
91.4
32.40
15.57
16.83
108.1
FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From census bureau report.]
SUMMARY
Population
Urban population!
Rural population}
Number of all farms
Laud area of the country, acres
Land in farms, acres
Improved land in farms, acres
Average acreage per farm
Average improved acreage per farm
Per cent of total land area in farms
Per cent of land in farms improved
Per cent of total land area improved
Value of farm property, total $40,991,449,090
Land 28,475.674,16?
Buildings
Implements and machinery
Domestic animals, poultry and bees 4,925,173,610
Average value of all property per farm
Av. value of all property per acre of land in farms
Average value of land per acre
*A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. fPopula-
tion of incorporated places having, in 1910, 2,500
or more inhabitants. The figure for 1900 does not
represent the urban population according to that
FARMS, FARM LAND AND FARM PROPERTY (1870 TO 1900).
1910. 1900. 1890. 1880. 1870.
Population 91,972,266 75,994,575 62,947,714 50,155,783 38,558,371
Number of all farms 6,361,502 5,737,372 4,564,641 4,008,907 2,659,985
Land area of the country, acres 1,903,289,600 1,903,461,760 1,903,337,600 1,903,337,600 1,903,337,600
Laud in farms, acres 878,798,325 838,591,774 623,218,619 536,081,835 407,735,041
Improved land in farms, acres 478,451,750 414,498,487 357,616,755 284,771,042 188,921,099
Average acreage per farm 138.1 146.2 136.5 133.7 153.3
Average improved acreage per farm 75.2 72.2 78.3 71.0 71.0
Per cent of total land area in farms 46.2 44.1 32.7 28.2 21.4
Per cent of land in farms improved. 54.4 49.4 57.4 53.1 46.3
Per cent of total land area improved 25.1 21.8 18.8 15.0 9.9
Value of farm property, total $40,991,449,090 $20,439,901,164$16,082, 267,689 $12,180,501,538 $8,944,857,749
Land and buildings 34,801,125,697 16,614,647,49113,279,252,649 10,157,096,776 7,444,054,462
Implements and machinery 1,265,149,783 749,775,970 494,247,467 406,526,055 270,913,678
Domestic animals.poultry and bees 4,925.173,610 3,075,477,703 2,308,767,573 1,576,884,707 1,229,889,609
A v. value of all property per farm... 6,444 3,563 3,523 3,038 3,363
Average value of all property per acre
of land in farms 46.64 24.37 25.81 22.72 21.94
Average value of land and buildings
per acre 39.60 19.81 21.31 19.02 18.26
AGRICULTURAL INCREASE SINCE 1850.
census, but is the population in that year of the
territory classified as urban in 1910. {Total, ex-
clusive of urban.
Period. Population.
1900-1910 15,977,691
1890-1900 13,046,861
1880-1890 12,791,931
1870-1880 11,597,412
1860-1870 7,115,050
1850-1860 8,251,445
1880-1910— Amount 41,816,483
Per cent 83.4
1850-1880— Amount 26,963,907
Per cent 116.3
Farms.
624,130
1,172,731
555,734
1,348,922
615,908
595,004
2,352,595
58.7
2,559,834
176.6
Acres.*
40,206,551
215,373,155
87,136,784
128,346,794
522,503
113,651,924
342,716,490
63.9
242,521,221
82.6
Improved. f
63,953,263
56,881,732
72,845,713
95,849,943
25,810,379
50,078,106
Value.*
$20,551,547,926
4,357,633,475
3,901,766,151
3,235,643,789
964,364,686
4,013,149,483
193,680,708 28,810,947,552
68.0 236.5
171,738,428 8,213,157,958
151.9 207.0
1850-1910— Amount 68,780,390 4,912,429 685,237,711 365,419,136
Per cent 296.6 339.0 199.4 323.3
*In farms. -(-Improved land in farms. JOf farm property.
37,024,105,510
933.2
Division.
New England
NUMBER OF FARM
Total. Owners.
188,802 168,408
OPERATORS (1910).
Total number farm
managers, 58,104; negro
owners, 678,118 tenants a
WHITE FARMER
Born in — Number.
United States... 4.763.25C
Austria 33.336
Hungary 3.827
England 39.728
Ireland 33.180
Scotland 10.220
tenants, 2,354,676: farm
farmers, 920,883 (241,221
nd 1,544 managers).
S BY NATIVITY.
Born in— Number.
Poland 7 228
Middle Atlantic
468 379 355 036
East North Central
. . . . 1 123 489 809 044
West North Central
1 109 948 758 946
South Atlantic
1,111,881 593,154
East South Central
1,042,480 510,452
West South Central
943 186 440 905
Denmark 28.375
Norway 59.742
Sweden 67.543
Switzerland 14.333
Other European 17.689
Canada . 61 878
Mountain
183 446 160 844
Pacific
189 891 151 933
United States...
6 361,502 3,948,722
The North
2 890 618 2 091 434
The South
The West
3,097.547 1,544.511
373,337 312,777
France 5,832
Germany 221.800
All other 10 333
Not reported 7.807
East of Mississippi river,
West of Mississippi river.
3,935,031 2,436,094
...2,426,471 1.512.628
Holland 13.790
Italy .. 10.614
Total 5.440.619
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
87
State. White. Colored.
Alabama 152,458 110,443
FARMERS BY
State.
Maine
STATES (1910).
White. Colored.
59,987 29
42,551 6,372
36.793 124
206,014 946
155.844 293
109,645 164,737
273,578 3,666
25,018 1,196
129,216 462
2,528 161
> 27,038 15
33,011 476
33,528 2,148
. 214 658 939
State. White. Colored.
Oklahoma 169521 20671
Arizona 6024 3,203
Maryland
Massachusetts .
Michigan
Oregon 44,875 627
Arkansas 151,085 63,593
Pennsylvania ... 218,749 546
Rhode Island 5,251 41
South Carolina.. 70,636 96,798
South Dakota... 74,836 2,808
Tennessee ...... 207704 33308
California 72 542 3 078
Colorado 45 596 674
Connecticut ... 26,702 113
Delaware .. 9 914 U22
Mississippi ....
Dist. Columbia.. 205 12
Florida 35296 14721
Montana
Nebraska
Texas 347,852 69,918
Utah 21400 276
Georgia 168,468 122,559
Idaho . . 30 402 405
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey....
New Mexico....
New York
Vermont 32 689 20
Virginia 135904 48114
Illinois 250,447 1,425
Indiana 214,680 805
Washington .... 65,' 067 1,125
West Virginia... 95,977 708
Wisconsin 176 536 691
Iowa 216,843 201
Kansas 176.150 1.691
North Carolina.
North Dakota . .
Ohln ..
188,069 65,656
73,617 743
270,095 1,950
Corn shellers, e
Wyoming 10,922 65
Louisiana 65667 54*879
Total 5,440,619 920,883
NOTE — Colored farmers include 24,251 Indians.
760 Chinese and 2,502 Japanese. The largest num-
ber of Indian farmers were found in Oklahoma
(7.459). Arizona (3,159). South Dakota (2.740), New
Mexico (2,087). North Carolina (1.987). Montana
(1.146). New York (635). Washington (673), Cali-
fornia (628) and Wisconsin (541). There were 512
Chinese and 1,816 Japanese farmers in California.
FARMERS AND FARM LABORERS BY
CLASSES (1910).
Dairy farmers fil.filfi
tc. . 5 617
2 145
Poultry raisers.
Others
etc 15,384
5 894
Total farmers
Dairy laborers.
6,147,635
35,014
Farm laborers.
5,947,500
Foremen, etc. .
47 591
Garden laborer
3 133 927
62 975
Farmers
5 865 003
15 198
139 255
Total farm 1.
Stock raisers
52,521
iborers . .... 6,242 205
CROPS
[Official
Later and detailed figures o
crops are given elsewhere in th
Crop. Product!
Cereals bu 4 512 664
OF THE UNIT
ly reported by th
i the principal
is volume,
on. Value.
465 $2,665,539,714
630 1,438,553,919
ED STATES IN 19O9.
e bureau of the census.]
Crop. Production. Value.
Peaches, bU.., --- 3R.470.27fi *28_781.<V7R
8,840,733 7,910,600
Plums, prunes
Cherries, bu..
bu 15,480,170 10,299,495
Corn, bu 2,552,189,
4,126,099 7,231,160
Oats, bu 1,007,142,
Wheat, bu 683,379,
980 414,697,422
259 657,656,801
212 92,458,571
332 9,330,592
457 20,421,812
305 10,816,940
710 6,584,050
580 16,019,607
97,636,085
All other, bu.
4,150,263 2,884,119
493,836 529,403
Barley, bu 173,344,
Tropical fruits.
24,706,753
Rye bu 29 520
Oranges, boxes
Lemons, boxes
Grapefruit, bo
Figs, Ibs
1 19.487,481 17,566,464
2,770,313 2,993,738
xes 1,189,250 2,060,610
35.060.395 803.810
Other grains, seeds
Orchard fruits.
Pineapples, era
Olives. Ibs
bu 216,083,695 140,857,347
Dry edible beans,, bu. .. 11,251
160 21,771,482
733 241,060
294 10,963,739
816 18,271,515
765 28,970,554
768 625
,es 778,651 $734,090
16.405.493 404.574
Dry peas, bu 7,129,
All other
143,467
Nuts, Ibs
62,328,010 4,447,674
Flaxseed, bu 19[si2
Almonds, Ibs
6,673,539 711,970
9,890,769 971,596
Grass seed, bu 6,671
Flower, vegetable seeds
348 15,137,683
1,411,013
Walnuts, Ibs
All other, Ibs
Flowers, plants
Nursery produc
Forest farm pro
Total all croi
Total 1899
22,026,524 2,297,336
23,617,178 466,772
Hay and forage, tons 97,453
Tobacco, Ibs 1,055,764
735 824,004,877
806 104,302,856
268 703,619,303
634 121,076,984
61,648,942
ts 21,050,822
Cotton, bales 10,649
Cotton seed, tons 6, 324
IB ,. . . 5 487 161 223
Sugar crops
2,998,704,412
Sugar beets, tons 3392
857 19.880,724
262 10,174,457
260 26,415,952
5,177,809
Kafir
State.
Corn and Mllo Maixe.*
Acres. Bushels. Value.
Sorghum cane, tons 1,647
Minor crops .*.
18,068,658
California
44 308 938 049 725 704
958 5,134,434
295 412,699
748 7,844.745
.... 4,676,780
11 971 139,234 94,486
Hemp, Ibs 7,483
388 495 5 115 415 3 046,799
Hops, Ibs 40,718
,.'.'.
16 543 228 386 152 246
All other
U ?' |/
2 016 20 212 15 712
Vegetables
418,110,154
63 570 543 350 392 393
Potatoes, bu 389,194
965 166,423,910
070 35,429,176
216,257,068
Oklahoma
632 515 4 658 752 2 531 036
Sweet potatoes, bu 59,232
573,384 5,860,444 3,785,453
United State
Total 1899
222,024,216
j.... 1.635.153 17,597,305 10,816,940
9RR K11 K IRQ 119 1 3K7 C\M
Small fruits, qts 426,565
863 29,974,481
035 17,913,926
570 3,909,831
,196 6,132,277
060 1,755,613
002 1,262,834
318 83.231.492
Strawberries qts 255,702
•Kafir corn and mllo maize are cereals belong-
ing to the millet family and used in this country
mainly as feed for live stock. They are making
headway as dry farming crops in sections of
light rainfall.
Blackberries qts 55,343
Raspberries, qts 60,918
Cranberries qts 38,243
Ali other qts 16.359
Apples, bu... .. 147.522
88
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
MONTHLY WAGES OF MAL
[From department of agric
, W:
State and division. 1917.
Maine , safi nn
K FAR
julture
ith boai
1916.
$29.00
29.00
30.00
30.00
29.50
29.80
29.40
25.80
24.00
M LABOB
report.]
"d. x ,
1910.
$23.50 5
23.50
25.00
22.75
.21.00
21.00
23.50
19.50
18.75
Without board. ,
1917. 1916. 1910.
^53.00 $41.00 $34.50
51.00 43.00 35.50
50.00 43.00 35.50
58.00 46.50 37.20
48.00 44.00 34.00
52.00 46.00 36.00
48.00 40.80 35.00
46.00 40.00 31.50
45.00 36.30 29.00
New Hampshire
3500
Vermont
35 00
Massachusetts
38 00
Rhode Island
31 00
35 00
New York
35 00
Pennsylvania
30.00
North Atlantic
Delaware
33.26
29 00 '
27.32
20.00
19.20
17.80
23.30
16.40
12.80
14.30
16.90
21.65
16.00
13.50
14.00
19.40
13.60
12.00
13.00
15.00
48.06 39.93
43.00 31.00
37.00 29.00
32.00 25.20
45.00 35.10
30.00 23.40
25.00 17.50
26.00 20.10
33.00 26.50
33.19
24.75
21.50
19.50
29.00
19.50
16.50
18.00
25.00
Maryland .
24 00
Virginia
22 00
West Virginia
31 00
North Carolina
25 00
South Carolina
18.00
Georgia
19 00
Florida
22.00
South Atlantic ,..
Ohio
22.44
31 00
16.49
25.50
24.30
27.50
28.40
31.00
13.77
21.00
20.50
24.50
23.00
26.00
3080 23.72
43.00 36.60
41.00 33.50
44.00 36.50
47.00 39.60
52.00 43.80
19.75
29.00
28.40
32.90
33.00
37.25
Indiana
29 00
Illinois
33 00
Michigran .*
34 00
Wisconsin
36.00
North central east of
Minnesota
Mississippi
river. . 32.44
39 00
27.15
33.00
34.10
23.00
33.20
33.70
31.30
27.30
22.94
26.00
28.00
21.50
29.00
27.00
26.50
24.00
44.98 37.64
54.00 44.70
53.00 43.80
39.00 31.60
60.00 47.00
61.00 47.50
53.00 43.40
46.00 38.10
31.81
38.00
39.00
29.50
42.00
39.00
38.00
34.00
29 00
North Dakota
41 00
South Dakota
4200
39 00
Kansas
33.00
North central west of Mississippi
river.. 36.23
24.00
29.65
18.50
16.70
12.50
13.70
15.30
20.40
22.80
17.80
25.10
16.00
14.00
13.00
13.30
13.50
18.00
19.10
16.25
49.46 40.35
33.00 26.10
29.00 23.50
24.00 18.20
24.00 19.80
30.00 23.00
35.00 29.00
40. OQ 32.40
32.00 25.70
35.45
23.10
20.00
18.50
19.50
20.25
24.50
28.10
24.00
Tennessee
21.00
16.00
17.00
19.00
Texas ,
25.00
Oklahoma
28.00
Arkansas
23.00
South central
21 88
17.45
39.00
37.00
32.50
27.30
37.00
40.00
42.00
38.70
36.00
34.50
36.70
15.28
38.00
35.00
29.50
24.50
30.00
35.00
37.00
35.00
33.00
32.00
33.00
31.07 24.99
70.00 58.10
68.00 54.00
60.00 47.50
48.00 40.00
68.00 55.00
68.00 54.50
72.00 60.00
70.00 54.00
66.00 52.60
61.00 46.50
63.00 52.50
21.90
50.00
49.00
44.50
34.25
40.00
47.50
54.00
49.50
50.00
44.50
47.00
Montana
46.00
Wyoming
45.00
Colorado
41 00
;New Mexico
32 00
48.00
Utah
50 00
Nevada
50.00
Idaho
51.00
Washington
47.00
Oregon
44.00
California
43.00
Far western
44.25
35.88 32.69 63.59 51.32
23.25 19.21 40.43 32.83
THE UNITED STATES.
46.48
27.50
United States
28.87
COFFEE
Tear ended June 30.
1830
AND TEA
CONSUMED IN
Imports. Price.
Pounds. Value. Cents
51.488,248 $4,227,021 8.3
94,996,095 8,546,222 8.8
145,272,687 11,234,835 7.6
202,144,733 21,883,797 10.8
235,256,574 24,234,879 10.3
446,850,727 60,360,769 13.5
499.159,120 78,267,432 16.0
787,991,911 52,467,943 7.5
873,983,689 69,504,647 7.9
878,322,468 90,949.963 10.3
887,747,747 118,233,958 13.3
866,053,699 119,449,045 13.8
1,006,362,294 111,454,240 11.1
1,126,041,691 107,794,377 9.6
1,203,840.591 115.905.134 9.6
1.322,058,526 133.513,226 10.1
per pound. fConsuraption per
Per
* cap.f
i. Lbs.
2,98
5.06
5.60
5.79
6.00
8.78
7.83
9.81
9.33
9.27
9.23
8.85
10.06
10.52
10.97
12.22
capita
Imports. Price.
Pounds. Value. Cent!
8,609,415 $2,425,018 23.3
20,006,595 5,427,010 24.1
29,872,654 4,719,232 14.1
31,696,657 8.915,327 26.3
47,408,481 13,863,273 29.4
72,162,936 19,782,931 27.4
83,886,829 12,317,493 15.0
84.845,107 10,558,110 12.4
85,626,370 13,671,946 16.0
102,653,942 17,613,569 17.2
101,406,816 18,207.141 18.0
94,812,800 17,433,688 18.4
91,130,815 16,735,302 18.4
96,987,942 17,512,619 18.1
109.865,935 20,599,857 18.7
103,364,410 19,265,264 18.6
based on net imports.
Per
*cap.f
i. Libs.
.53
.99
1.22
.84
1.10
1.39
1.33
1.09
.89
1.04
1.05
.95
.90
.91
1.07
.98
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
•Average import price
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
89
MOTOR CABS AND REVENUES
From tables compiled by the office oi public
roads, U. S. department of agriculture.
Motor-
State. Cars.* cycles. Revenue. t
Alabama 32,873 1.240 $217.700
IN THE UNITED STATES (1917).
Motor-
State. Cars* cycles. Revenue. t
Utah 24,076 1.385 170707
Vermont 21.633 758 363,541
Arizona 19.890 868 117.643
Arkansas ., 28.693 205,176
Washington .... 91,337 6,320 519.526
West Virginia.. 31,300 825 359,339
Wisconsin 158,637 8.458 861,278
California , 306,916 30,489 2.846.030
Connecticut .... 74,645 4,925 1.080,757
Delaware 10,700 730 133,883
Wyoming 12,523 352 57,421
Total 4,983340 257522 37501233
Florida .. 27,000 800 170.000
•Includes motor trucks' and commercial ve-
hicles, t Total gross motor vehicle registration
and license revenues.
There is very little definite information
available as to the number of motor cars- in
countries other than the United States. Ac-
cording to the best available data and esti-
mate, however, about 85 per cent of all the
motor cars at present in existence are in the
United States. About 200.000 cars are in
Canada. Probably 50,000 cars are found in
all the rest of North and South America. The
present number of cars in Europe is not
known with any degree of accuracy. Estimates
based on data available for 1914 would place
the total number below 500,000, or about
the same as the number of motor cars exist-
ing in New York and Connecticut. Thus, ac-
cording to the best available data, nearly 90
per cent of all existing motor cars are in
North and South America and about 10 per
cent in all the rest of the world.
In 1917 the total gross motor-vehicle rev-
enue of $37,501,233 amounted to about 13
per cent of the total rural road and bridge
expenditures, and of this nearly 93 per cent
was applied directly to the improvement or
maintenance of the public roads in forty-
seven states. The 7 per cent, or 82,812,633.
not applied to road work was expended very
largely for plates and in carrying' out other
administrative provisions of the motor-vehicle
registration laws.
[ED IN THE UNITED STATES.
8 i / — Distilled spirits — x <— Wines & liquors— »
Per Consump- Per Per
capita. tion. capita. Total. capita.
Gals. Pf. gallons. Pf. gals. Gallons. Gallons.
1.36 43,060,884 2.52 71,244,823 4.17
1.58 51,833,473 2.23 94,712,353 4.08
3.22 89,968,651 2.86 202,374,461 6.43
6.31 79,895.708 2.07 296,876,931 7.70
8.26 63,526,694 1.27 606,076,400 10.08
13.67 87,829,562 1.40 972,578,878 15.53
16.01 97,248,382 1.27 1,349,176,033 17.79
19.54 127,754,544 1.47 1,874,225,409 21.65
20.56 140.084,436 1.58 2,019,690,911 22.79
20.26 125,379,314 1.39 2,006,233,408 22.22
19.07 121,130,036 1.32 1,935,544,011 21.06
19.79 133,538,684 1.42 2,045,427,018 22.19
20.66 138,585,989 1.46 2,169,356,695 22.79
19.96 139,496.331 1.44 2.128,452,226 21.98
20.62 147,745,628 1.50 2,233,420,461 22.68
20.54 143,447,227 1.43 2,252,272,765 22.50
18.24 127,159,098 1.25 2,015,595,291 19.80
17.59 139,958,732 1.35 2,005,812,325 19.40
17.94 167,740,325 1.60 2,094,729,078 19.95
.S OF THE WORLD.
Height Height
:lon. In feet. Name and location. In feet,
wltzerland.. 100 Yellowstone (lower), Montana 310
NorWHV B30 Yfimassu. Rrn7.il. ._ .. 21ft
Georgia 70.324 1,600 229,653
Idaho ., 24.731 752 412,641
Illinois .. . 340,292 13.740 1,588,835
Indiana 192,194 10,315 1,096,159
Iowa . 254,462 4,187 2,249,655
Kansas 159,343 5,599 830.878
Kentucky 47,420 1.450 287,314
Louisiana 28394 382 166,835
Maine 41,499 1.516 491.696
Maryland 60,943 5,436 807,395
Massachusetts .. 174,274 11,065 1,969,994
Michigan 247,006 8,727 2,471,271
Minnesota 54,009 11,000 100,000
Mississippi .. 36,600 900 250,000
Missouri . . 147,528 4.179 617,942
Montana 42,749 923 290,936
Nebraska 148,101 3,500 451,303
Nevada 7,160 215 31,166
New Hampshire. 22,267 2.218 425,305
New Jersey... . 141,918 13,198 1.923,164
New Mexico 14,086 345 80.843
New York 406,016 28.775 4.284,144
North Carolina. 55,950 1.245 321,923
North Dakota.. 62,993 1.834 211,536
Ohio .. . 346,772 21,892 1,766,427
Oklahoma ., . 100,199 2,368 853,659
Oreg-on . 48.632 3,400 196,787
Pennsylvania ... 325,153 24.567 3.268.025
Rhode Island... 37,046 1,133 346,117
South Carolina.. 38,332 1,250 113,557
South Dakota.. 67,158 1,554 210,592
Tennessee 48.000 1.000 322.200
WINES AND LIQUORS CONSUL
/ Wines x / Malt llquoi
Consump- Per Consump-
tion, capita. tion.
Year. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons.
1840..., .... 4,873,096 .29 23,310,843
1850..., 6,315,871 .27 36,563,009
I860 11,059,141 .35 101,346,669
1870 12,225,067 .32 204.756,156
1880 28,098,179 .66 414,220,165
1890 28,945,993 .46 855,792.335
1900 29,988,467 .39 1,221,500,160
1906 46,485,223 .63 1,699,985,642
1907 67,738,848 .65 1,821,867,627
1908 62,121,64fi .68 1.828,732,448
1909 61,779,549 .87 1,752,634,426
1910 60,548078 .66 1,851,340,256
1911 63,859,232 .67 1,966,911,744
1912 56,424,711 .58 1,932,531,184
1913 55,327,461 .66 2,030,347,372
1914 62,418,430 .52 2,056,407,108
1915 32,911,909 .32 1,855,524,284
1916 47,587145 .46 1,818,266,448
1917 42,723,376 .41 1,884,265,377
FAMOUS WATERFAL1
Height
Name and location. in feet. Name and loca
Gavarnle, France 1,385 Schaffhausen, S
Missouri, Montana 90 Staubbach, Swi
tzerland 1,000 Yosemite (middle). California «26
'ealand 600 Yosemite (lower), California. 400
Mnltnomah, Oreeon 850 Sutherland, Nev
r Zealand... 1,904 Vettls, Norway 960
h rinlnmhin t.Mrt Viotorin. Africa .. 400
Murchlson Africa ... 120 Takkakaw Brit*
Niagara New York-Ontario 164 Twin Idaho .. .. 180 Voringfos, Norway 600
90
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.
Nonsectarian and undenominational schools marked with an asterisk (•).
School, location and date oi founding. President tora^dents"
Adelphi college,* Brooklyn, N. Y. (1896)... Prank D. Blodg-ett, A.M . LL D . 59(5
Adrian college, Adrian, Mich. (1859) Harlan L. Feeman
Agnes Scott colleg-e, Decatur, Ga F. H. Gaines, D.D . LL D
Ag. and Mech. Col. of Tex..*Col. S., Tex.(1876) W. B. Bizzell, A.M DCL "l02
Alabama Poly. Inst.,* Auburn, Ala. (1872).. C. C. Thach, M.A . LL D ' .
Albany college, Albany, Ore. (1866) Wallace H. Lee. A.M., LL.D.. . 13
Alcprn Ag. & Mech. Col.,* Alcorn, Miss. (1871) Levi J. Rowan, Ph.D 26
Albion college, Albion, Mich. (1861) Hon. Samuel Dickie, M.S., LLD.. 28
Alfred university,* Alfred, N. Y. (1836) Boothe C. Davis, Ph.D DD 40
Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa. (1815)
Alma college. Alma, Mich. (1887)
Amer. Inter. Col.,* Springfield, Mass. (1885)
American univ., Washington, D. C. (1913).
Amherst college,* Amherst, Mass. (1825)....
Antioch college,* Yellow Springs, O. (1852)..
Arkansas college, Batesville, Ark. (1872) ....
Ark. Cumberland col., Clarksville, Ark. (1891)
W. H. Crawford, D.D., LL.D 25
Harry Mears Crooks, LL.D 20
C. Stowe McGowan (chancellor)... 14
John W. Hamilton, LL.D., L.H.D. . 8
Alexander Meikeljohn, A.M., Ph.D. 47
George D. Black .15
W. S. Lacy, D.D 8
Hubert S. Lyle, D.D 13
Armour Inst. of Tech.,* Chicago, 111. (1893) F. W. Gunsaulus, D.D., LL.D
Asbury college, Wilmore, Ky. (1890) H. C. Morrison, D. D
Edward T. Ware, A.B., D.D
G. B. Stewart, D.D., LL.D "... 12
George Sverdrup, D.D 15
Gustav Andreen, Ph.D 65
T. S. Clyce, D.D 11
Samuel A. Lough 32
A. L. Breslich. A.B.. D.D., Ph.D., 85
Atlanta university,* Atlanta, Ga. (1869)..
Auburn Theo. sem.. Auburn, N. Y. 1819) . .
Augsburg sem., Minneapolis, Minn. (1869)..
Augustana college. Rock Island, 111. (1860).
Austin college, Sherman, Tex. (1849)
Baker university, Baldwin, Kas. (1858)....
Baldwin Wallace college, Berea, O. (1845)... «.. ^. »• co.iwn, .n..^., u.^., *U..L*.. 0«
Barnard college,* New York, N. Y. (1889)... V.C.Geldersleeve, Ph.D.,LL.D.( dean) 105
Bates college,* Lewiston, Me. (1864) George C. Chase, A.M., D.D., LL.D. 40
Baylor university, Waco, Tex. (1845) Samuel P. Brooks, A.M., LL.D.... 33
Bellevue college, Bellevue, Neb. (1880) Chas. E. Baskerville, D.D. (acting) 12
Beloit college,* Beloit. Wis. (1846) Melvin A. Brannon, D.D., LL.D... 31
Benedict college, Columbia, S. C. (1871) B. W. Valentine. A.M.. D.D 35
Berea college,* Berea, Ky. (1855) W. G. Frost, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D... 68
Bethany college, Bethany, W. Va. (1840).... T. E. Cramblet, A.M., LL.D 32
Bethany college, Lindsborg, Kas. (1881) Ernest P. Pihlblad, A.M 40
Bethel college, Russellville, Ky Robert H. Tandy 9
Bissell Col. of Photo-Engraving, Efflngham, HI. L. H. Bissell 3
Blackburn college, Carlinville, HI. (1857).... William M. Hudson, Ph.D., D.D.... 12
Bonebrake Theo. Sem., The, Dayton, O. (1871) J. P. Landis, D.D., Ph.D 6
Boston college, Boston, Mass. (1863) Very Rev. Charles W. Lyons, S.J.. 30
Boston university, Boston, Mass. (1869) Lemuel H. Murlin, D.D.. LL.D.... 217
Bowdoin college, Brunswick, Me. (1794) Kenneth
Bradley Polytechnic institute, Peoria, 111
Bridgewater college, Bridgewater, Va. (1880)
Brigham Young college, Logan, Utah (1877)
Brown university,* Providence, R. I. (1764) .
Bryn Mawr college,* Bryn Mawr, Pa. (1885) .
Bucknell university, Lewisburg, Pa. (1846) .
Butler college,* Indianapolis, Ind. (1850) . .
Campion col.. Prairie du Chien, Wis. (1880) .
Canisius college, Buffalo, N. Y. (1870)
Carleton college, Northfield, Minn, (1866) . . .
Carlisle Indian school,* Carlisle, Pa. (1879) .
Carnegie Inst. Tech..* Pittsburgh, Pa. (1905)
M. Sills, LL.D 29
Theodore C. Burgess, Ph. D 35
John S. Flory, Ph. D.. A.M 22
Christian N. Jensen. Ph.D 35
William H. P. Faunce, D.D., LL.D. 80
Miss M. C. Thomas, Ph.D.. LL.D. . 62
John Howard Harris, LL.D 36
Thomas C. Howe, Ph.D 24
Rev. Albert C. Fox, A.M., S.J 35
Rev. George J. Krim, S.J 14
Donald G. Cowling, D.D., Ph.D. ... 44
John Francis. Jr. (superintendent) 45
A. A. Hammerschlag, Sc.D., LL.D..255
Carroll college, Wau'kesha, Wis. (1846) Herbert P. Houghton, Ph.D.....'. 18
Carson & Neman col., Jeff. City, Tenn. (1851)
Carthage college.* Carthage, 111. (1870)
Case Sen. Ap. Science,* Cleveland, O. (1881)
Catawba college, Newton, N. C. (1851)
Cathedral college. New York, N. Y. (1903) . .
Cath. Univ. of Am., Washington, D. C. (1889) ^ ..„...«„ ». „.._..„.., — — ..--
Cedarville college. Cedarville, O. (1887) W. R. McChesney, Ph.D... 14
Center college, Danville, Ky. (1819) William A. Ganfield, D.D.. LL.D.. 10
Central college, Fayette, Mo. (1857) Paul H. Linn, LL.B., D.D 13
Central Wesleyan col., Warrenton, Mo. (1864) Otto E. Kriege, D.D., A.M 24
Chicago Theological sem., Chicago, 111. (1854) Ozora S. Davis, Ph.D., D.D. _. 8
Claflin university. Orangeburgr, S. C. (1869)...
Clark college.* Worcester, Mass. (1902)
Clark university, Atlanta, Ga. (1870)
Clark university.* Worcester, Mass. (1889) . .
Clarkson Col. Tech..* Potsdam, N. Y. (1896) .
Clemson Ag. col.,* Clemson Col.. S. C. (1896) .
Coe college. Cedar Rapids, Iowa (1881) .....
W. L. Gentry 17
H. D. Hoover, A.M., B.D., Ph.D. . . 30
Chas. S. Howe, Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D. 43
A. D. Wolfinger, D. D 10
William F. Hughes, D.D 25
Thomas J. Shahan, D.D 86
Lewis M. Dunton, A.M., D.D 21
Edmund C. Sanford. Ph.D., LL.D. . 24
Henry A. King, D.D 9
G. Stanley Hall, Ph. D., LL.D 27
John P. Brooks. Sc.D 11
W. M. Riggs, E.M.E.. LL.D 70
John A. Marquis. D.D., LL.D 57
Colby college, Waterville, Me. (1820) ". . Arthur J. Roberts. A.M 30
Colgate university.* Hamilton, N. Y. (1819)
College of Emporia, Emporia, Kas. (1882) . . .
Col. of City of New York, The, N. Y. (1847)
College of the Pacific, San Jose, Cal. (1851) . .
Elmer B. Bryan. LL.D., L.H.D 50
Henry C. Culbertson, D.D. ± ...... 21
125
365
1,142
803
84
636
413
346
356
219
116
41
372
250
90
143
2,000
417
559
56
116
600
152
376
797
791
486
1,471
140
339
740
2,088
470
744
115
74
120
55
615
3,902
343
808
200
762
1,136
489
642
401
390
156
497
700
3,149
200
225
457
108
354
1,835
191
111
206
350
64
613
105
275
66
80
804
891
400
650
250
Sydney E. Mezes, Ph.D., LL.D 250 10,000
John L. Seaton, LL.D., Ph.D 34
College of Wooster, Wooster. O. (1868) J. Campbell White. M.A.. LL.D 42
Colorado Agr. col.,* Ft. Collins, Col. (1871),
Colorado col.,* Colorado Springs, Col. (1874).
Colorado Sch. of Mines,* Golden, Col. (1874).
Columbia univ.,* New York, N. Y. (1754)...
Concordia college, Bronxville, N. Y. (1881).. .
Concordia college. Fort Wayne, Ind. (1839)..
Charles A. Lory. LL.D 65
Clyde A. Dunaway, Ph.D., LL.D. . . 55
Victor C. Alderson. D.Sc 16
N. M. Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D.981
( Vacancy ) 6
Rev. Martin Lueck* 12
398
518
504
600
175
7,652
104
252
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
91
School, location and date of founding-. President. tors dents
Concordia college, Milwaukee, Wis. (1881)... M. J. F. Albrecht, D.D 10 183
Concordia college, St. Paul. Minn. (1893).... Theodore Buenger , 8 141
Connecticut Agr. col.,* Storrs, Conn. (1881) . . Charles L. Beach, B.S 30 200
Connecticut col., New London, Conn. (1915). Benjamin T. Marshall, MA DD 36 3"5
Converse col.,* Spartanburg, S. C. (1890) Robert P. Pell, A.B.. i Jtt.Di . . ." 24 335
Cooper college. Sterling:, Kas. (1887) R. T. Campbell, D.D 15 226
Cornell college. Mount Vernon, Iowa (1853). Charles Wesley Flint, DD LLD 41 (508
Cornell university,* Ithaca, N. Y. (1868).... Jacob G. Schurman, D.Sc., LL.D. .750 4082
Cotner university, Bethany, Neb. C1889) Andrew D. Harmon, A.M 25 297
Creighton university, Omaha, Neb. (1879).... F. X. McMenamy, S.J 125 1020
Culver-Stockton col.. Canton, Mo. (1853) .... Earle M. Todd 17 186
Cumberland university, Lebanon, Tenn. (1842) Edward P. Childs. A.M.... . 25 325
Dakota Wes. univ., Mitchell, S. D. (1883)... William D. Schermerhorn 28 451
Dartmouth college,* Hanover, N. H. (1769).. Ernest M. Hopkins, Litt.D., LL D 92 1016
Davidson college, Davidson, N. C. (1837).... William J. Martin, Ph.D.. LLD.. 16 3°4
Defiance college. Defiance, O. (1902) Albert G. Caris, M.A., Litt.D. . . 22 440
Delaware college,* Newark, Del. (1833) S. C. Mitchell, Ph.D 50 617
.Denison university. Granville, O. (1831).... Clark W. Chamberlain, Ph.D....;. 55 700
De Paul university, Chicago, 111. U.898) Very Rev. F. X. McCabe, C.M., LL.D. 85 1,105
De Pauw university, Greencastle, Ind. (1837). George R. Grose, LL.D 47 818
Des Moines college, Des Moines, la. (1865). John A. Earl, D.D....". 36 1,400
Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pa. (1783) James H. Morgan, LL.D 14 317
Doane college, Crete, Neb. (1872) William O. Allen, A.M., Ph.D 18 166
Drake university, Des Moines, Iowa (1881) . .. (Vacancy) 57 1,423
Drew Theo. seminary, Madison, N. J. (1866) Ezra S. Tipple, D.D., LL.D 15 126
Drury college, Springfield, Mo. (1873) Thomas W. Nadal, Ph.D 19 309
Dubuque college, Dubuque, Iowa (1873) Daniel M. Gorman, LL.D 38 545
Earlham college, Richmond, Ind. (1847) David M. Edwards 29 385
Eastern college,* Manassas, Va. (1900) Hervin U. Roop, Ph.D., LL.D 16 150
Elmira college. Elmira, N. Y. (1855) (Vacancy) 30 309
Elon college, Elon College, N. C. (1890) W. A. Harper, M.A.. Litt.D 28 400
Emory and Henry college, Emory, Va. (1838) . Charles C. Weaver, A.M., Ph.D. ... 12 185
Emory university, Atlanta, Ga. (1836) W. A. Candler, D.D., LL.D 54 654
Erskine college, Due West, S. C. (1839) James S. Moffat, D.D 9 127
Eureka college. Eureka, 111. (1855) H. O. Pritchard, A.M., B.D.. LL.D. 24 258
Fairmount college, Wichita, Kas. (1895).... W. H. Rollins, D.D 20 486
Fargo college, Fargo, N. D. (1888) E. Lee Howard, LL.D 31 587
Findlay college, Findlay. O. (1882) William Harris Guyer, A.M., D.D. . 22 445
Fisk university, Nashville, Tenn. (1866)....". Fayette A. McKenzie, Ph.D 40 466
Fordham university. New York, N. Y. (1841) . Rev. Joseph A. Mulry, S.J 226 2,613
Frances Shimer sch., Mt. Carroll. 111. (1853). Wm. P. McKee, A.M., B.D. (dean) 18 140
Franklin & Marshall col., Lancaster, Pa. (1887) Henry H. Apple, D.D., LL.D 14 244
Franklin college. Franklin, Ind. (1834) Charles E. Goodell 18 110
Franklin college,* New Athens, O. (1825) .... W. M. Hughes, A.M., B.D 7 107
Friends university, Wichita, Kas. (1898) Edmund Stanley, A.M., LL.D 18 268
Furman university, Greenville, S. C. (1851).. (Vacancy) .11 213
Gallaudet college, Washington, D. C. (1864) . . Percival Hall, M.A., Litt.D 16 116
General Theo. sem.. New York, N. Y. (1817) Rev. H. Fosbroke, D.D. (dean)... 17 82
George Peabody college, Nashville, Tenn Bruce B. Payne, A.M., Ph.D.. ..135 2,000
Geo. Washington U., The, Wash., D. C. (1821) Charles H. Stockton, LL.D 259 2.217
Georgetown college, Georgetown. Ky. (1829).. M. B. Adams, D.D., LL.D 26 363
Georgetown univ., Washington, D. C., (1789) . .. John B. Creeden 167 1,183
Georgia Sch. of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 1888) Kenneth G. Matheson, A.M., LLD. 60 945
Goucher college. Baltimore. Md. (1888) William W. Guth, Ph. D. 55 712
Graceland college,* Lamoni, Iowa (1895).... George N. Briggs, B.A.. B.D 22 390
Grand Island col.. Grand Island, Neb. (1892). Edward F. Jorden, Ph.D., D.D.... 14 135
Greenville college, Greenville, 111. (1892) Eldon G. Burritt, A.M 21 285
Grinnell college, Grinnell. Iowa (1847) J. H. T. Main, Ph.D., LL.D 54 846
Grove City college.* Grove City, Pa. (1876) . . Weir C. Kettler 24 1,090
Guilford col., Guilford College. N. C. (1888). Thomas Newlin, D.D., LL.D 15 235
Gustavus Adolphus col., St. Peter, Minn. (1862) O. J. Johnson, B.D 30 344
Hamilton college.* Clinton, N. Y. (1812) Frederick C. Ferry, A.M., Ph.D. . . 23 198
Hamline university. St. Paul, Minn. (1854)... Samuel F. Kerfoot, D.D 30 418
Hamp.-Sidney col., Hampden-Sidney, Va. (1776) A. W. McWhorter, Ph.D. (acting) 8 89
Hampton institute.* Hampton, Va. (1868)... James E. Cregg, D.D '.130 1,380
Hanover college, Hanover, Ind. (1832) William A. Millis, LL.D 14 224
Harvard university,* Cambridge, Mass. (1636) A. L. Lowell. M.A., LL.D., Ph.D.. 814 4,515
Hastings college, Hastings, Neb. (1882) . R. B. Crone 21 235
Haverford college, Haverford, Pa. (1833)... William W. Comfort, Ph.D., LL.D. 25 150
Hedding college, Abingdon, 111. (1856) Walter D. Agnew, D.D 20 2OO
Heidelberg university. Tiffin, O. (1850) Charles E. Miller, D.D., LL.D 27 484
Henderson-Brown col., Arkadelphia, Ark. (1890) J. M. Workman. A.B., LL.D 21 253
Hendrix college. Conway, Ark. (1884) J. H. Reynolds 12 253
Henry Kendall college. Tulsa, Okla. (1895) . . . Arthur Lee Odell. D.D 19 313
Highland college. Highland, Kas. (1857) W. Gilbert James, Ph.D." 8 72
Highland Park col.. Des Moines. Iowa (1889) . George P. Macill, A.M., D.D 18 1,800
Hillsdale college. Hillsdale. Mich. (1855) Joseph W. Mauck, A. M., LL.D... 22 300
Hiram college, Hiram, O. (1850) Miner Lee Bates, A.M., LL.D 22 238
Hiwasse college,* Madisonville, Tenn. (1849). J. E. Lowry. A.M 9 177
Hobart college.* Geneva, N. Y. (1822) Wm. P. Durfee. Ph.D. (acting)... 21 76
Holy Cross college. Worcester, Mass. (1843).. Rev. Joseph N. Dinand, S.J 32 635
Hope college. Holland, Mich. (1866) Edward D. Dinnert, D.D 18 319
Howard college, Birmingham, Ala. (1889) .... John C. Dawson. . • 15 300
Howard Payne col., Brownwood, Tex. (1890) . J. A. Tolman. Ph.D 22 522
Howard univ..* Washington, D. C. (1867)... J. Stanley Durkee. Ph.D 115 1,500
Hunter college.* New York. N. Y. (1870) .... George S. Davis, LL.D 125 1,386
Huron college, Huron. S. D. (1883) Henry Morehouse Gage, LL.D 24 392
Illinois college. Jacksonville, m. (1829) C. H. Rammelkamp, Ph.D 13 430
83 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
School, location and date of founding:. President. Tors^dents"
Illinois Col. of Photography, Effingham, 111, . L. H. Bissell 7 ' 180
Illinois State Normal univ., Normal (1857) . . David Felmly, LL.D 101 2 300
Illinois Wes. univ.. Blooming-ton, 111. (1850) . . Theodore Kemp, D.D., LL.D 38 510
Indiana university,* Blooming-ton, Ind. (1820) William Lowe Bryan, Ph.D., LL D 135 3089
£owa State Col. of Ag1. & Mech. Arts, Ames ('69) Raymond A. Pearson, LL, D 427 5397
Iowa Wesleyan col., Mt. Pleasant, Iowa (1842) Edwin A. Schell, A.M., D.D., Ph.D ' 26 -486
Jamestown college, Jamestown, N. D. (1909) ., Barend H. Kroeze, A.M., D.D..LLD 20 °04
James Milliken univ., Decatur, 111. (1901).... A. R. Taylor 58 1105
John B. Stetson univ.,* DeLand, Fla. (1883) . Lincoln Hulley, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. 29 415
Johns Hopkins univ.,* Baltimore, Md. (1876) Frank J. Goodnow, LL.D 342 2381
Judson college, Marion, Ala. (1838) Paul V. Bomar, A.B., D.D 27 240
Juniata college. Hunting-ton, Pa. (1876) I. H. Brumbaugh. A.M 22 280
Kalamazoo college, Kalamazoo, Mich. (1833) . H. L. Stetson 17 227
Kansas City univ., Kansas City, Kas. (1886) . . J. H. Lucas, D.D., LL.D. (chancellor) 21 366
Kansas Wesleyan univ., Salina, Kas. (1886) . . John F. Harmon, D.D 37 1 169
Kemper Hall, Kenosha, Wis. (1871) Mother Mary Maude. . 17 lOO
Kentucky Wes. col., Winchester, Ky. (1866) . . J. L. Clark, D.D., LL.D. . . 13 115
Kenyon college, Gambier, O. (1824) William F. Peirce, L.H.D., D D. 15 115
Keuka college,* Keuka Park, N.Y. (1892) . . . (Temporarily closed)
Kingfisher college. Kingfisher, Okla. (1894). Henry W. Tuttle 15 130
Knox college, Galesburg, 111. ( 1837) William E. Simonds (acting) 38 642
Knoxville college, Knoxville, Tenn.- (1875) . ... R. W. McGranahan, D.D 28 388
Lafayette college, Easton, Pa. (1832) J. H. McCracken, Ph.D., LL.D.... 44 448
LaGrange college, LaGrange, Mo Daniel J. Scott 11 170
Lake Erie college,* Painesville, O. (1837) . . . Miss V. Small, M.A., Litt.D., LL D. 26 140
Lake Forest col.,* Lake Forest, 111. (1876) . . . Henry W. Wright (acting) 18 161
Lander college. Greenwood, S. C. (1872) John O. Willson, D.D 23 297
Lane college, Jackson, Tenn J. F. Lane, A.M., Ph.D 17 358
Lane Theological sem., Cincinnati, O. (1832). William McKibbin, D.D., LL.D 6 51
LaSalle college, Philadelphia, Pa. (1867) Rev. Brother Richard, F.S.C 22 250
Lawrence university,* Appleton, Wis. (1847). Samuel Plantz, Ph.D., LL.D 81 470
Leander Clark college, Toledo, O. (1856).... Henry W. Ward (acting) 14 176
Lebanon university,* Lebanon, O. (1855).... H. O. Cunningham. M.A 23 452
Lebanon Valley college, Annville, Pa. (1866). G. O. Gossard, D.D 33 419
Lehigh univ.* South Bethlehem, Pa. (1866). Henry S. Drinker. E.M., LL.D..., ..74 717
Leland Stanford, Jr., U.,* Stan. U., Cal. (1891) Ray L. Wilbur, A.M., M.D 258 1,500
Lenox college, Hopkinton, Iowa (1856) < Vacancy) 12 102
Lewis institute, Chicago, 111. (1865) George N. Carman (director) 75 3,000
Lincoln univ., Lincoln Univ., Pa. (1857) John B. Kendall. D.D 16 186
Lincoln college, Lincoln, 111. (1865) M. R. Laird. D.D 12 225
Lincoln Inst. of Ky., Lincoln Ridge, Ky A. E. Thomson. D.D 12 92
Livingstone college, Salisbury, N. C D. C. Sug-gs, A.M., D.D 25 504
Lombard college,* Galesburg, 111. (1851) Joseph H. Tilden, A.M., LL.D 20 200
Louisiana college, Pineville, Ala. (1906) C. Cottingham, M.A 16 187
Louisiana St. univ.,* Baton Rouge, La. (1860) Thomas D. Boyd, A.M., LL.D 72 775
Loyola university, Chicago, 111. (1869) John B. Furay, S.J 130 1,150
Luther college, Decorah, Iowa (1861) Rev. C. K. Preus. A.B 16 129
Macalester college, St. Paul, Minn. (1884)... Elmer Allen Bess 39 324
Manhattan college, New York, N. Y. (1863) . . Rev. Brother Edward, F.S.C 20 255
Marietta college,* Marietta, O. (1835) .~. (Vacancy) 16 214
Marquette univ., Milwaukee, Wis. (1864).... Rev. Herbert C. Noonan, S.J 259 1,700
Maryland St. Col. of Agr., Col. Pk., Md. (1856) Alfred F. Woods. D.Sc 39 225
Maryville college, Maryville, Tenn. (1819)... Samuel T. Wilson, D.D 60 748
Mass. Agr. col.,* Amherst, Mass. (1863).... Kenyon L. Butterfield, A.M., LL.D. 60 500
Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge (1861) R. C. Maclaurin. A.M., LL.D., D.Sc.. 284 1,698
McCormick Theo. sem., Chicago, 111. (1829) . . James G. K. McClure. D.D.. LL.D... 19 190
McKendree college, Lebanon, 111. (1828) E. P. Baker (acting) 18 130
McMinviUe college, McMinville, Ore. (1857) . .. Leonard W. Riley, D.D 15 217
Meredith college, Raleigh, N. C. (1899) Charles E. Brewer, LL.D 28 425
Meth. Univ. of Okla., Guthrie, Okla. (1881).. E. G. Green 15 212
Miami university, Oxford, O. (1809) R. M. Hughes. M.Sc 61 836
Michigan Agr. col., East Lansing, Mich. (1857) Frank S. Kedzie 130 2,000
Mich. Col. of Mines,* Houghton, Mich. (1884) F. W. McNair, B.S., D.Sc 23 64
Middlebury college,* Middlebury, Vt. (1800).. John M. Thomas. D.D.. LL.D 30 280
Midland college, Atchison, Kas. (1887) Rev. Rulus B. Peery, Ph.D., D.D... 18 149
Milligan col., Milligan College, Tenn. (1882) . H. J. Derthick 12 100
Mills college,* Oakland, Cal. (1885) ". Aurelia H. Reinhardt, LL.D 40 300
Millsaps college, Jackson, Miss. (1892).. . A. F. Watkir>s, A.B., D.D 15 224
Milton college, Milton, Wis. (1867). . . Rev. W. C. Daland, M.A., D.D 13 164
Milton university,* Baltimore, Md. (1847).... William J. Heaps. Ph.D., LL.D 13 200
Milwauhee-Downer college, Milwaukee, Wis. . . Miss Ellen C. Sabin. M.A., LL.D... 37 314
Milwaukee-Downer seminary, Milwaukee, Wis. Macy D. Rodman (dean) 15 190
Miss. A. ft M. col.. Agricultural College, Miss. W. H. Smith, B.S 75 1,050
Mississippi college, Clinton, Miss. (1826) J. W. Provine, D.D., Ph.D 12 200
Missouri Valley col., Marshall, Mo. (1889)... W. H. Black, D.D., LL.D 13 232
Missouri Wesleyan col., Cameron, Mo. (1887). Cameron Harmon, A.M., D.D 21 284
Moumonth college, Monmouth, 111. (1857)... . T. H.' McMichael. A.M., D.D 26 396
Montana State college,* Bozeman (1893) ..... James M. Hamilton, M.S 63 789
Montana Wesleyan college, Helena (1889) .... Leon H. Sweetland. M.A., B.D. 12 175
Moores Hill college, Evansville, Ind. (1807) . . A. F. Hughes (col. being relocated).
Morgan college, Baltimore, Md. (1867) John O. Spencer, Ph.D 28 325
Morningside college, Sioux City, Iowa (1894). Alfred E. Craig, D.D 34 777
Morris Brown university. Atlanta. Ga. (1885). W. A. Fountain. D.D.. Ph.D 30 845
Mount Angel col., Mount Angel, Ore. (1887) . . Rev. Thomas Meier, 0.S.B 22 150
Mount Holyoke col..* S. Hadley, Mass. (1837) MissM.E.Woolley.M.A.,Litt.D..L.H.D.134 858
Mount St. Mary's col., Emmitsburg, Md. (1808) Ve-y Rev. B. J. Bradley, A.M.. LL.D. 34 414
Mount Union college, Alliance, O. (1858).... W. H. McMaster, A.M.. D.D 32 427
Muhlenburg college, Allentown, Pa. (1867).. John A. W. Haas, D.D., LL.D 12 186
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
School, location and date of founding-.
Municipal Univ. of Akron, Akron, O. (1870) . .
Muskingum college, New Concord, O. (1837) .
Neb. Christian univ., Bethany, Neb. (1888)..
Neb. Wes. univ., Univ. Place, Neb. (1888)..
Newberry college, Newberry, S. C. (1856)....
N, H. Col. of Ag. & Mech. Arts,* Durham (1866)
New Orleans univ., New Orleans, La. (1873) .
New Rochelle college. New Rochelle, N. Y. . ..
Newton Theo. inst.. New. Center, Mass. (1825)
New York univ.,* New York. N. Y. (1830) . .
Niagara univ., Niagara Falls, N. Y. (1856)..
N.C.St.Col.of Ag.& Eng.,*W.Raleigh,N.C.(1889)
N.C. State Nor.&Ind.col.,*Greensboro,N.C. (1892)
N. Dakota Agricultural col.,* Fargo (1890) . .
Northland college, Ashland, Wis. (1892)
North-Western college, Naperville, 111. (1861).
N. W. Mil. & Nav. acad., Lake Geneva, Wis.
Northwestern univ., Evanston, 111. (1865)...
Norwich university, Northfleld, Vt. (1819) . .
Oberlin college,* Oberlin, O. (1833)
Occidental college, Los Angeles, Cal. (1887)..
Ohio Northern university, Ada, O. (1871)....
Ohio State university,* Columbus, O. (1870) .
Ohio university,* Athens, O. (1804)
Ohio Wesleyan univ.,* Delaware, O. (1842)..
Okla. Agr. & Mech. col.* Stillwater (1891) . .
Olivet college,* Olivet, Mich. (1859)
Oregon Agricultural col.,* Corvallis (1885)...
Oriental univ.,* Washington, D. C. (1903) ....
Ottawa university, Ottawa, Kas. (1865)
Otterbein college, Westerville, O. (1847)
Ouachita college, Arkadelphia. Ark. (1886)...
Pacific university. Forest Grove, Ore. (1849) .
Paine college, Augusta, Ga. (1882)
Park college,* Parkville, Mo. (1875)
Parsons college, Fairfield, Iowa (1875)
Penn college, Oskaloosa, Iowa (1873)
Pennsylvania col., Gettysburg, Pa. (1832)...
Pennsylvania Col. for Worn.,* Pitts., Pa. (1869)
Pennsylvania Mil. col.* Chester, Pa. (1858)..
Pennsylvania State col.. The,* State Col., Pa.
Philander Smith col.. Little Rock, Ark. (1887)
Piedmont college, Demorest, Ga. (1897)
Polytechnic inst.,* Brooklyn, N. Y. (1854) ....
Pomona college,* Claremont, Cal. (1887)
Potomac univ.,* Washington, D. C. (1904)..,
Pratt institute.* Brooklyn, N. Y. (1887)
Presbyt'n Col. of S. C., Clinton, S. C. (1905) .
Princeton Theo. sem., Princeton, N. J. (1812)
Princeton university,* Princeton, N. J. (1746)
Pritchett college,* Glasgow, Mo. (1868)....
Proseminar college, Elmhurst, 111. (1871)
Purdue university,* Lafayette, Ind. (1874) . . .
Radcliffe college,* Cambridge, Mass. (1879)..
Rand.-Macon Col. for Men, Ashland, Va. (1830)
Rand.-Macon Wom.'s col.. Lynchburg.Va. (1893)
Redfteld college, Redfield, S. D. (1887)
Rensselaer Poly, inst..* Troy, N. Y. (1824)....
Rhode Island State col..* Kingston, R. I. (1892)
Rice institute, Houston, Tex. (1912)
Richmond college, Richmond, Va. (1832)
Rio Grande college, Rio Grande, O. (1876)...
Ripon college,* Ripon, Wis. (1850)
Roanoke college, Salem, Va. (1853)
Rochester Mech. inst., Rochester, N. Y. (1885)
Rochester Theo. sem., Rochester, N. Y. (1850)
Rockford Col. for Worn.,* Rockford, 111. (1847)
Rock Hill college. Ellicott City, Md. (1857)..
Rollins college,* Winter Park, Fla. (1885) . . .
Rose Poly, inst.,* Terre Haute, Ind. (1883)..
Rust college, Holly Springs, Miss. (1868)
Rutgers college. New Brunswick. N. J. (1766)
St. Anselm's col., Manchester, N. H. (1899) . .
St. Benedict's college, Atchison, Kas. (1858)..
St. Charles college, Catonsyille, Md. (1848)..
St. John's college, Annapolis, Md. (1784)
St. John's college, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1870)
St. John's college, Washington, D. C. (1866)..
St. John's college. Winfield, Kas
St. John's Military academy, Delafield. Wis. . .
St. John's univ., Collegeville, Minn. (1857)..
St. Joseph's college, Collegeville, Ind. (1891).
St. Lawrence university. Canton, N. Y. (1858)
St. Louis university, St. Louis. Mo. (1818) . . .
Bt. Mary college, Dayton, O. (1878)
St Mary's college, Oakland. Cal. (1869)
President.
Instruc- Stu-
tors. dents.
Parke R. Kolbe, Ph.D 30 3(53
J. K. Montgomery, D.D 25 1.284
A. D. Harmon. A.M 25 297
I. B. Schreckengast, Ph.M 41 803
Sidney J. Devrick 14 192
Ralph D. Hetzel 57 562
Charles M. Melden, D.D., Ph.D 20 416
Joseph F. Mooney. D.D 25 250
George F. Horr. D.D., LL.D 8 00
E. E. Brown, Ph.D.. LL.D.(chan.). .538 9.230
Very Rev. Wm. F. Sikly, C.M 21 300
W. C. Riddick, A.B., C.E., LL.D. . . 60 650
Julius L. Foust, LL.D 83 777
Edwin F. Ladd, B.S., LL.D 53 710
Joseph D. Brownell 17 154
Edward E. Rail. Ph.D 28 372
Col. R. P. Davidson, A.M 14 150
Thomas F. Holgate (ad interim) . .468 3,878
H. R. Roberts, D.C.L. (acting) 15 200
Henry C. King, D.D., LL.D 128 1,408
Silas Evans. D.D., LL.D 27 329
Albert E. Smith, D.D., Ph.D 32 1,100
William O. Thompson, D.D., LL.D.. 592 5.150
Alston Ellis, Ph.D.. LL.D 110 4.051
John W. Hoffman, D.D., 'LL.D 80 1.011
J. W. Cantwell 106 1,658
Thomas F. Kane. Ph. D., LL.D 20 160
William J. Kerr. D.Sc 162 3.453
H. P. Holler. Ph.D., S.T.D 45 250
Silas Eber Price, D.D 20 528
W. G. Clippinger, A.B., D.D 28 610
Charles E. Dicken. A.M.. D.D 26 300
Robert F. Clark, A.MS (acting) 12 150
Albert D. Belts. A.M.. D.D 19 297
Frederick W. Hawley. D.D 19 438
R. Ames Montgomery, D.D., LL.D. .26 399
Henry E. McGrew. A.M., D.D 27 546
W. A. Granville, Ph.D.. LL.D 32 393
John C. Acheson, LL.D 25 200
Col. C. E. Hyatt. C.E., LL.D 20 131
Edwin Erie Sparks, Ph.D.. LL.D.... 255 3.100
Rev. James M. Cox, D.D 24 511
Frank E. Jenkins, D.D .... * 40 403
Fred W. Atkinson. Ph.D 45 850
James A. Blaisdell, D.D 48 548
Ernest W. Porter. LL.D 15 200
C. D. Pratt. A.M. (director) 195 4.743
Davison McD. Douglas, M.A., D.D. 13 127
J. Ross Stevenson. D.D.. LL.D 14 155
John Grier Hibben. Ph.D.. LL.D 235 972
Oscar Dahlene 10 100
Rev. D. Irion, D.D 8 156
W. E. Stone, Ph.D., LL.D 180 1.800
LeB. R. Briggs, A.M., LL.D., Litt.D.138 591
Robert E. Blackwell. A.M.. LL.D... 16 145
William A. Webb. Litt.D 50 618
Edward A. Fath. Ph.D 7 92
P. C. Ricketts, C.S., E.D., LL.D 60 623
Howard Edwards, LL.D 26 336
Edgar O. Lovett, Ph.D.. LL.D 50 651
F. W. Boatright, M.A.. LL.D 37 500
Simeon H. Bing-. A.M 12 420
H. C. Culbertson. D.D.. LL.D 23 350
J. A. Morehead. D.D 19 187
James F. Barker 70 1,841
Clarence A. Barbour. D.D 15 427
Julia H. Gulliver, Ph.D., LL.D 40 253
Brother E. Pius. F.S.C 18 125
Georsre M. Ward. D.D.. LL.D 19 264
Carl L. Mees. Ph.D 21 202
George Evans, A.M.. D.D 23 368
W. H. S. Deirarest, D.D.. LL.D.... 90 1.200
E. Helmsetter, D.D.. O.S.B 15 181
Rt.-Rev. Innocent Wolf. O.S.B 22 200
Very Rev. M. F. Dinneen. D.D. ... 15 198
Thomas Fell, Ph.D., LL.D., D.C.L. . 14 210
Very Rev. John W. Moore. C.M 30 428
Brother D. E. Edward, LL.D 16 243
A.W.Meyer 8 160
Sidney T. Smythe, Ph.D., D.D 20 400
Rt. Rev. Peter Engel, O.S.B., Ph.D. 52 430
Rev. I. A. Wagner. C.P.. P.S.. Ph.D. 24 305
Edwin L. Hulctt (dean) 50 553
Very Rev. Bernard J. Otting. S.J. ..253 1,634
Rev. Bernard P. O'Reilly. S.M 42 460
Brother Gregory. F.S.C.. A.B 30 310
94
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Instruc- Stu-
School, location and date of founding-. President. tors, dents.
St. Mary's colleg-e, St. Mary's, Has. (1848).. Rev. William J. Wallace. S.J 32
St. Mary's college, St. Mary's, Ky, (1821).... Kev. M. Jaglowicz, C.R 10
St. Meinrad col. & sem., St. Meinrad. Ind.('57) Rt.-Rev. A. Schmitt, O.S.B 20
St. Olaf college, Northneld, Minn. (1874) L. W. Boe 35
St. Paul's college, Concordia, Mo J. H. C. Kaeppel 8
St. Stanislaus college, Chicago, 111. (1890)... Kev. L. G. Zapala, C.R., A.M 9
St. Stephen's col.,Annandale on H'd'n.N.Y.C60) Rev. W. C. Rodgrers. M.A., S.T.D.... 10
St. Viator college, Kankakee, 111. (18(58) Rev. J. P. O'Mahoney, M.A 25
Scarritt Morrisville col., Moxrisville, Mo. ('46) A.M.Norton 7
Scotia seminary, Concord, N. C. (1870) A. W. Verner, D.D 20
Seton Hall college. South Orange, N. J. (1856) James F. Mooney, D.D.. LL.D 19
Shaw university, Raleigh, N. C. (1865) Charles F. Meserve, LL.D 25
Shorter college, Rome, Ga. (1877) A. W. Van Hoose, A.M.. LL.D 24
Shurtleff college, Alton, 111. (1827) George M. Potter, A.M 14
Simmons college,* Boston, Mass. (1899) Henry Lelavour, Ph. D., LL.D.... 125
Simpson college, Indianola, Iowa (1860) James W. Campbell. Ph.D 32
Sioux Falls college, Sioux Falls, S. D D. F. Charles (chancellor) 10
Smith college,* Northampton, Mass. (1872).. William A. Neilsou 184
S. Dakota Sch. of Mines,* Rapid City (1885) C. C. O'Harra, Ph.D 14
S. Dakota State col.,* Brookings, S. D. (1871) E. C. Perisho, M.A., LL.D 73
So. Baptist Theo. sem., Louisville, Ky. (1859) Edg-ar Y. Mullins. D.D., LL.D 12
Southern Female col., LaGrange, Ga. (1874).. M. W. Hatton, Litt.M 14
Southern university, Greensboro, Ala. (1856) .. C. A. Rush, A.B.. D.D 15
Southwestern college, Winfield, Kas. (1885)... Frank E. Mossman, A.M 22
S'th west' n Pres. univ., Clarksville, Tenn.( 1875) Charles E. Diehl (chancellor) 10
Southwestern univ., Georgetown, Tex. (1873). Charles McT. Bishop, A.M.. D.D... 22
Spelman seminary, Atlanta, Ga Miss Lucy Hale Ts,pley 50
Springhill college. Mobile, Ala. (1830) E. Cummings, S.J 36
State Col. of Wash.,* Pullman. Wash. (1892) E. O. Holland 175
State Univ. of Iowa,* Iowa City, la. (1847). Walter A. Jessup, Ph.D 261
State university, Louisville, Ky M. B. Lanier 12
State Univ. of Montana.* Missoula (1895).. Edward O. Sisson. Ph.D 65
Stevens Institute of Tech.,* Hoboken, N. J. . A. C. Humphreys. M.E., Sc.D.. LL.D. 46
Straight college. New Orleans, La. (1869)... Howard A. M. Briggs 30
Suomi college, Hancock, Mich. (1896) J. K. Nikander, D.D 10
Susquehanna univ., Sellinsgrove, Pa. (1869) . . Charles T. Aikens, D.D 20
Swarthmore college, Swarthmore, Pa. (1869).. Joseph Swain. B.L.. M.S., LL.D 48
Syracuse university,* Syracuse, N. Y. (1870).. James R. Day, LL.D. (chancellor) .321
Tabor college, Tabor, Iowa (1866) Nelson W. Wehrhan, Ph.B., B.D.... 14
Talladega college.* Talladega, Ala. (1867) Frederick A. Sumner, M.A 41
Tarkio college, Tarkio, Mo. (1883) Joseph A. Thompson. D.D 22
Taylor university. Upland, Ind. (1848) Monroe Vayhinger, D.D 20
Teachers college,* New York, N. Y. (1888).. ,T. E. Russell, Ph.D., LL.D. (dean)..222
Teach. Col. of Indpls., The,* Indpls.,Ind.(1882) Mrs. Eliza A. Baker. LL.D 30
Temple university,* Philadelphia, Pa. (1884) . Russell H. Conwell, D.D.. LL.D 321
Texas Christian univ.. Ft. Worth, Tex. (1873) Edward McShane Wuitz 38
Throop Col. of Tech.,* Pasadena, Cal. (1891). James A. B. Scherer. Ph.D., LL.D.. 38
Tillotson college, Austin, Tex. (1881) Isaac M. Agard, Ph.D 19
Tome school. The, * Port Deposit, Md Thomas S. Baker, Ph. D 26
Tougraloo college, Tougaloo, Miss. (1869) .... (Vacancy)
Transylvania college, Lexington, Ky. (1793).. R. H. Crossfleld. Ph.D.. LL.D 26
Trinity college, Durham, N. C. 1838) William P. Few, A.M., Ph.D 58
Trinity college,* Hartford, Conn. (1823) Flavel S. Luther, Ph.D.. LL.D 24
Trinity college, Washington, D. C. (1900) .... Sister Catherine Aloysius. S.N.D.... 35
Trinity university, Waxahachie, Tex. (1869).. S. L. Hornbeak, Ph.D., LL.D 22
Tufts college. Tufts College, Mass. (1852).... H. C. Bumpus, Ph.D., Sc.D.. LL.D..255
Tulane university,* New Orleans, La. (1834).. Robert Sharp. A.M.. Ph.D 314
Tusculum college. Greenville, Tenn. (1794). .. C. O. Gray. D.D 18
Tuskegee, institute,* Tuskegee. Ala. (1881) . . . Robert Russa Moton, D.D 207
Union Christian college, Meron, Ind. (I860).. C. B. Hershey 13
Union college, Barbourville, Ky Ezra T. Franklin. A.M 14
Union college. College View, Neb. (1891) .... H'trvey A. Morrison 25
Union college,* Schenectady, N. Y. (1795)... Charles A. Richmond, D.D.. LL.D.. 46
Union Theo. sem.. New York, N. Y. (1836).. Arthur C. McGiffert, D.D 29
Union university, Jackson, Tenn. (1848) H. E. Walters 20
U. S. Mil. academy,* West Point, N. Y. (1802) Col. S. E. Tillman, U. S. A. (supt.)103
U. S. Naval academy,* Annapolis, Md. (1845) Capt. E. W. Eberle. U.S.N. (supt.).198
University of Alabama,* Tuscaloosa (1831). .. George H. Denny, LL.D.. D.C.L 82
University of Arizona,* Tucson (1891) R. li. van Kleinsmid, LL.D 60
University of Arkansas,* Fayetteville (1871). John C. Fulrall. M.A 80
University of Buffalo,* Buffalo, N. Y. (1846). Charles P. Norton (chancellor) .... 186
University of California,* Berkeley (I860).... Benjamin Ide Wheeler. LL.D 887
Univ. of Chat.. Chattanooga, Tenn. (1867) . . . Frederick W. Hixson 28
University of Chicago,* Chicago. 111. (1892) . . Harry Pratt Judson, LL.D 444 10,448
Univ. of Cincinnati,* Cincinnati, O. (1870)... Charles M. Dabney, Ph.D., LL.D 306 3,165
University of Colorado,* Boulder (1877) L. Farrand. M.A., M.D.. LL.D 200
University of Denver, Denver, Col. (1864). .. . Henry A. Buchtel, D.D.. LL.D 121
University of Detroit, Detroit, Mich. (1879).. William T. Doran, S.J 51
University of Florida, Gainesville (1905) A. H. Murphree. LL.D 40
University of Georgia,* Athens (1785) David C. Barrow (chancellor) 68
University of Idaho,* Moscow (1892) E. H. Lindley, D.D 83
University of Illinois,* Urbana (1867) Edmund J. James. Ph.D.. LL.D 897
University of Kansas.* Lawrence (1866) Frank Strong-. Ph.D.. LL.D. (chan.)219
University of Kentucky.* Lexington (1865) . . Frank LeRond MoVey. Ph.D.. LL.D. 81
University of Maine,* Orono (1865) Robert J. Aley, Ph.D., LL.D 156
University of Maryland,* Baltimore (1784)... T. Fell. Ph.D.. LL.D.. D.C.L. (prov.)350
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
95
Jnstruc- Stu-
School, location and date of founding. President. tors, dents.
University of Minnesota,* Minneapolis (1868) Marion LeRoy Burton, LL.D 629 &,J>d7
University of Mississippi,* University (1848). J. N. Powers, LL.D. (chancellor).. 32 421
University of Missouri,* Columbia (1839).... Albert Boss Hill, LL.D 319 4,349
University of Nebraska,* Lincoln (1809) S. Avery. PhJ)., LLJ). (chancellor) 294 4,510
University of Nevada, Reno (1886) William E. Clark, PhJ) 50 324
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque (1892)..'. David Boss Boy d. Ph. D 27 272
Univ. of North Carolina,* Chapel Hill (1789). Edward K. Graham, M.A., Ph.D.... 85 1,015
Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks (1883) . . Thomas F. Kane, Ph.D.. LL.D 74 1 093
Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. (1849) John Cavanaugh, C.S.C., DD 105 1 115
University of Oklahoma,* Norman (1892) . . .. Stratton D. Brooks, Ph.D., LL.D. ...114 2,610
University of Oregon,* Eugene (1878) Prince L. Campbell, A.B., LL.D 104 1 678
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (1740).. E. F. Smith, Ph.D., LL.D. (provost) 667 6930
Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1787).. S. B. McCormick, LL.D. (chan).. 450 4'000
University of Porto Bico, Bio Piedras (1903). Paul i. Miller, LL.D 73 733
University of Badlands, Bedlands, Cal. (1909). Victor Leroy Duke, LL.D .. 20 192
Univ. of Boch., The, Bochester, N. Y. (1850) Buah Bhees, D.D., LL.D... " 46 535
Univ. of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, Cal. (1851) Walter F. Thornton, S.J 47 375
Univ. of So. California, Los Angeles (1879).. G. F. Bovard, A.M., D.D., LL D 286 3737
Univ. of Southern Minnesota,* Austin (1896) . William W. Meiners. Ph.D.. LLD'.'.'l04 1*341
Univ. of South Carolina,* Columbia (1805).. '.V. S. Currell , 42 '386
Univ. of South Dakota,* Vermilion (1882)... Robert L. Slagle, M.A. PhD... 60 824
Univ. of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. (1868)... Albion W. Knight, D.D. (chan.).'.. 35 351
University of Tennessee,* Knoxville (1794) . . . Brown Ayres, Ph.D.. LL.D 212 2 192
University of Texas,* Austin (1883) Bobert E. Vinson, D.D., LLD.. 210 4 033
University of Utah,* Salt Lake City (1850) . .. John A. Widtsoe, A.M., Ph D . . 125 4 057
University of Vermont,* Burlington (1791) ... G. P. Benton, D.D., Ph.D., LLD 115 '975
University of Virginia,* Charlottesville (1819) Edwin A. Alderman, D CJJ LLD" 75 2361
University of Washington,* Seattle (1862)... Henry Suzzalo, Ph.D 193 3'871
University of Wisconsin,* Madison (1848) .... Charles B. Van Hise, PhD LLD '690 6367
University of Wyoming,* Laramie (1886).... A ven. Nelson 55 '701
Upper Iowa university, Fayette, Iowa (1858) .. Chauncey P. Colegrove AB A.M.. 22 501
Upsala college, Kenilworth, N. J. (1893) Bev. Peter Froeberg, B.D.', PhD 15 108
Ursinus college, Collegeville, Pa. (1869) George L. Omwake, PhD . 17 208
Utah Agricultural col.,* Logan, Utah (1890). E. G. Peterson, M.A.. Ph.D '.'. 60 1,165
Valparaiso university, Valparaiso, Ind. (1873) Henry P. Brown AM 221 5000
Vanderbilt university, Nashville. Tenn. (1873) J. H. Kirkland. LL.D. (chancellor) .125 693
Vassar college,* Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (1861).. H. N. MacCracken, Ph.D., LL.D.. .121 1.120
Villanova college, Villanova, Pa Bey. James S. Dean. O.S.A 35 360
Vincennes university,* Vincennes, Ind. (1806). William Halnow, AM PhD 20 375
Virginia Christian col., Lynchburg, Va. (1903) J. T. T. Hundley 18 127
Virginia Military inst.,* Lexington, Va. (1839) Gen. E. W. Nichols (superintendent) 30 500
Virginia Poly, inst..* Blackburg, Va. (1872). J. D. Eergleston. LL.D 53 526
Virginia Union university, Bichmond, Va Ge.org\3 Bice Hovey. D.D 25 460
Wabash college.* Crawfordsville, Ind. (1832). Georgre L. Mackintosh, D.D., LL.D.. 21 217
Wake Forest col.. Wake Forest. N. C. (1834) William L. Poteat. LL.D 40 387
Walden university, Nashville, Tenn. (1866).. E. A. White 15 253
Washburn college, Topeka, Kas. (1865) Parley P. Womer. D.D 50 709
Wash. & Jefferson col.,* Wash., Pa. (1802).. W. E. Slemmons (acting-) 17 254
Wash, and Lee univ.,* Lexington, Va. (1749) Henry L. Smith. M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. 33 381
Washington college, Chestertown, Md. (1782). Jas. W. Cain, A.M., Ph.D.. LL.D... 10 106
Wash, col.,* Washington College, Tenn. (1795) James T. Cooter. D.D 10 120
Washington university, St. Louis, Mo. (1853) Fredk. A. Hall, LL.D. (chancellor) .228 1,936
Waynesburg college,* Waynesburg, Pa. (1850). Herbert P. Houghton, Ph. D 22 250
Wellesley college,* Wellesley, Mass. (1875)... Elltn E. Pendleton, M.A., Litt.D...138 1,612
Wells college,* Aurora, N. Y. (1868) Kerr D. Macmillan, B.D.. S.T D 34 209
Wesleyan univ., Middletown, Conn. (1831) .... William A. Shanklin. D.D., LL.D... 46 402
Western Col. for Women.* Oxford, O. (1854) W. M. Boyd. Ph.D 33 260
West. Maryland col.. Westminster, Md. (1867) . Thomas H. Lewis. D.D., LL.D 22 232
Western Beserve univ.,* Cleveland, O. (1826) . Charles F. Thwing. D.D.. LL.D 348 3,663
Western Theo. sem., Pittsburgh, Pa. (1825).. James A. Keiso. Ph.D., D.D 10 61
Westminster college, Fulton. Mo. (1849) E. E. Beed, M. A., D.D 10 146
Westminster col.. New Wilmington, Pa. (1852) W. Charles Wallace, D.D 19 183
West Virginia university, Morgantown (1867) Frank B. Trotter. LL.D 115 1,359
W. Virginia Wesleyan col., Buckhannon (1890) Wajlaee B. Fleming, A.M., D.D, ... 30 325
Wheaton college,* Norton, Mass. (1834) S. V. Cole, D.P., LL.D 30 200
Wheaton college, Wheaton, 111. (1860) Charles A Blanchard. A.M., D.D 20 236
Whitman college,* Walla Walla. Wash. (1882) S. B. L. Penrose, D.D 30 427
Whittier college. Whittier, Cal. (1901) Harry N. Wright, Ph.D 13 140
Whitworth college, Spokane, Wash. (1883)... Donald D. McKay, A.M., Ph.D 14 117
Wilberforce university, Wilberforce, O. (1856) Wm. S. Scarborough, Ph.D., LL.D.. 38 550
Wilpy university. Marshall. Tex. (1873) M. W. Dogran. A. M.. Ph.D 22 450
Willamette universitv. Salem. Ore. (1844) .... Carl G. Doney, Ph.D.. LL.D 16 286
Wm. & Mary col..* Williamsburg. Va. (1693). L. G. Tyler. M.A., LL.D 22 216
William and Vashti college. Aledo, 111. (1908) Ward L. Bay. A.M 14 200
Willinm Jewell college. Liberty, Mo. (1849). .. John P Greene, D.D., LL.D 21 350
Williams college.* Williamstown. Mass. (1793) Harry A. Gij-field. LL.D 56 434
William Smith college,* Geneva. N. Y. (1908) Anne D. Blitz (dean) 28 85
Wilson college, Chambersburg, Pa. (1870) .... E. D. Warfield, D.D.. LL.D., Litt.D. 24 220
Winthrop college.* Bock Hill, S. C. (1886) . . . David B. Johnson. LL.D 164 1,874
Wittenberg college, Springfield, 0. (1845).... Charles G. Heckert. D.D 42 788
Wofford college, Spartanburg, S. C. (1854) H. N. Snyder, M.A.. Litt.D.. LL.D.. 14 276
Women's Col. of Delaware,* Newark (1914).. Winifred J. Robinson (dean) 29 300
Worcester Poly, inst.,* Worcester. Mass. (1865) Ira. N. Hollis. A.M.. L.H.D 48 425
Tale university.* New Haven, Conn. (1701) ... Arthur T. Hadley, Ph.D.. LL.D 561 2,129
Yankton college. Yankton, S. D. (1881) Henry K. Warren. M.A.. LL.D 32 406
York college, York, Neb. (1890) M. O. McLaughlin. M.A.. D.D 21 514
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
STATISTICS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From bureau of education reports.]
STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS (1915-1916).
Children.
State. 'Number.
Maine 176,823
New Hampshire 98,192
Vermont 84,669
Massachusetts 830,115
Rhode Island 142.152
Connecticut 285,483
New York 2,336,165
New Jersey 707,229
Pennsylvania 2,123.686
Ohio 1,217,544
Indiana 703,641
Illinois 1,514,070
Michig-an 751,494
Wisconsin 686,346
Minnesota 617.316
Iowa 583.278
Missouri 890,190
North Dakota 208,011
South Dakota 193,417
Nebraska 345,051
Kansas 483.731
Delaware 52,769
Maryland 357.464
District of Columbia.... 72,432
Virginia 665,716
West Virginia 401,119
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Georgia . . .
Florida . . .
Kentucky .
Tennessee .
Alabama ..
Mississippi
Louisiana
772,240
542.583
912,227
256,522
699,376
687,087
740,603
635.270
572,883
Texas .................. 1,388,226
Arkansas 546,099
Oklahoma 675,598
Montana 98,883
Wyoming' 37,061
Colorado 225,122
New Mexico 118,941
Arizona 62.608
Utah 126,058
Nevada 17,515
Idaho 113.104
Washington 336,148
Oregon 183,445
California 671,274
Enrolled.
149,149
67,461
65,380
604,023
89,879
234,609
1,625,777
540,287
1,504,794
905,071
564,252
1,084,640
620,861
458,102
481,583
525,579
721,752
1151,647
134,136
292.725
402,860
45,327
• 243,077
59,526
486.134
313,873
649,246
415,766
667,635
198,365
537,008
610.235
514,601
$492,756
320,300
1.017,083
f447,726
515,493
§102,768
32.630
184,471
77,062
51,077
108.359
13.358
95,772
245.419
142,365
539,688
Continental Un. States.26. 846,976 20.351.687
North Atlantic division. 6,784.514 4,881.369
North Central division.. 8,194,089 6,343,208
South Atlantic division. 4,033.072 3,078,949
South Central division... 5,945,142 4,455,202
Western division 1,890.159 1.592.969
•School year 1915-1916: children 5 to 18
years of age. tStatistics of 1914-1915. JStatis-
tics of 1913-1914. f Exceeds estimated school
population.
Teachers.
State. Men. Women.
Maine 792 6,173
New Hampshire 269 2.814
Vermont 228 2,764
Massachusetts »1,784 *15,703
Rhode Island 233 2,540
Connecticut 410 6,013
New York 5,907 47.686
New Jersey 2,414 14.327
Pennsylvania 9.163 33,564
Ohio 7.852 23,967
Indiana 6,207 13,441
Illinois 6.192 27,172
Michigan 2,981 17,998
Wisconsin *1,759 *14,529
Minnesota 1,952 15.841
Iowa 2.858 24.372
Missouri 4.904 15,304
North Dakota tl.329 f6.764
South Dakota 1,032 6,025
Nebraska 1,506 11,100
Total.
6,965
3,083
2,992
17,487
2.773
6.423
53.593
16,741
42,727
31.819
19.648
33,364
20,979
16,288
17,793
27,230
20,208
t8.093
7.057
12,606
State. Men.
Kansas 2,806
Delaware 130
Maryland 966
District of Columbia. 222
Virginia 2,149
West Virginia 4,482
North Carolina 3,424
South Carolina 1,717
Georgia 3,039
Florida 1.354
Kentucky 4,384
Tennessee 4,170
Alabama 3,215
Mississippi J2.924
Louisiana 1,534
Texas 7,777
Arkansas ^4,780
Oklahoma 3,790
Montana 681
Wyoming 253
Colorado 1,050
New Mexico 648
Arizona 303
Utah 906
Nevada 94
Idaho 776
Washington 1,883
Oregon 1,207
California 2.602
Women.
12,437
932
5,494
1,565
10.971
5,842
11,126
6.616
12,007
4,380
8,486
8.751
7,841
Total.
15,243
1,062
6,460
1.787
13,120
10,324
14.550
8,333
15,046
5.734
12,870
12.921
11.056
J8.029 1:10,953
6.087 7,621
19,581 27,358
t5,882 HO, 662
8.931 12.721
4,050
1,482
5,523
1,296
1.236
2.299
563
2.730
7,412
4,966
14.721
4.731
1,735
6.573
1.944
1,539
3,205
657
3,506
9,295
6,173
17,323
United States 123,038 499,333 622.371
North Atlantic 21,200 131,584 152,784
North Central 41,378 188,950 230.328
South Atlantic 17.483 58.933 76.416
South Central 32,574 73,588 106.162
Western 10,403 46.278 56,681
•Estimated. tStatistics of 1914-1915. tSta-
tistics of 1913-1914.
Schoolhouses.
State. Buildings. »Value.
Maine 3.764 JIO.597,424
New Hampshire H.634 6.777.953
Vermont fl.999 4,915,758
Massachusetts H.531 96.521.456
Rhode Island 520 10.081.135
Connecticut 1,516 27.719,683
New York 11.935 244,739.916
New Jersey 2,194 69,293,018
Pennsylvania 15,375 154.363,211
Ohio 12,163 113,597,716
Indiana 8,376 54,849.098
Illinois 13,581 135,357,497
Michigan 8.840 57,930,121
Wisconsin 9,037 J24.141.885
Minnesota 8,900 50,459,377
Iowa 13,485 39,356,618
Missouri 10,880 54.882,805
North Dakota (1915)... 5.421 12.115.050
South Dakota 5,298 10.994.385
Nebraska 7.709 23,644.515
Kansas 9.385 31,168.702
Delaware 672 1,650,000
Maryland 2,487 12.000.000
District of Columbia.... 152 12.309.995
Virginia 6.758 16,004,359
West Virginia 7,121 15,599,531
North Carolina 8,188 11,489.882
South Carolina 5,001 8.117,280
Georgia 7,985 15,048,880
Florida 2,714 7,409,947
Kentucky 8.406 15,521.654
Tennessee 7.042 15.938,816
Alabama 6.911 10.898.517
Mississippi (1913) 7.781 3.110.300
Louisiana 3.467 13,580,248
Texas 14,133 45,368,247
Arkansas (1915) 6.548 12,660,849
Oklahoma 6,891 20,696.930
Montana 2.738 9,244,559
Wyoming 1.006 2.666.059
Colorado 3,099 15,364,405
New Mexico 1.298 2.915,000
Arizona 471 3.463.517
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
97
State. Buildings. *Value.
Utah 744 $11.619,642
Nevada 354 1,565.497
Idaho . , 1,671 9,202.457
Washington 3.429 32,751,292
Oreg-on 2,774 18.019.464
California 5,141 84.721,886
United States 281,524 1,662,446,536
North Atlantic 43.467 625,009,554
North Central 113,075 608.497.769
South Atlantic 41,078 99.629,874
South Central 61.179 137,775.561
Western 22,725 191.533.778
*Of all public school property, t Estimated.
^Statistics of 1913-1914.
Elementary City Schools.
In places of 100,000 or more population.
City. Teachers. Pupils.
Alabama — Birmingham ........ 540 23,375
California— Los Angeles 2,174 68,550
Oakland 610 27,257
San Francisco 1,314 55,494
Colorado— Denver 832 31.519
Connecticut— Bridgeport 484 18,314
New Haven 655 25,102
Dist. of Columbia— Washington 1,456 52.291
Georgia— Atlanta 596 23,666
Illinois— Chicago 6,728 326,745
Indiana— Indianapolis 929 33.190
Kentucky— Louisville 683 28.251
Louisiana— New Orleans 1,084 44.637
Maryland— Baltimore 1,924 75,148
Massachusetts— Boston 2,364 104.294
Cambridge 388 13,769
City. Teachers. Pupils.
Fall River 515 15,822
Lowell 284 12,224
Worcester 623 23,395
Michigan— Detroit 1.807 84.663
Grand Rapids 501 15.615
Minnesota — Minneapolis 1,182 45,787
St. Paul 710 26,746
Missouri— Kansas City 1.008 39.661
St. Louis 1,952 90,418
Nebraska— Omaha* 753 23.754
New Jersey— Jersey City 837 37,936
Newark 1,575 66.955
Paterson 475 20.796
New York— Albany 349 12.093
Buffalo 1.771 60.337
New York 19,906 805.777
Rochester 891 29,676
Syracuse 522 19,207
Ohio— Cincinnati 1,496 43.235
Cleveland 3.033 92.053
Columbus 740 24,307
Dayton 406 16,264
Toledo 817 27.346
Oregon— Portland 729 28.370
Pennsylvania— Philadelphia ... 4,928 226,853
Pittsburgh 1.912 77.852
Scranton 562 22,848
Rhode Island— Providence 850 38.821
Tennessee — Memphis 484 19.553
Nashville 314 17,490
Virginia— Richmond 687 28,532
Washington— Seattle 841 30.749
Spokane 397 15,276
Wisconsin— Milwaukee 1,353 52.674
•Includes South Omaha.
COMMON
-Children.-
SCHOOL STATISTICS BY YEARS.
, Teachers. %
Men. Women. Total.
77.529 122.926 200.515
122.795 163,798 286.593
125.525 238,397 363,922
126.588 296,474 423.062
Year. »Number. Enrolled. tAttendance.
1870.12,055.443 6,871,522 4,077.347
1880.15,065,767 9,867,505 6.144,143
1890.18.543.201 12,722,581 8,153.635
1900.21.404,322 15,503.110 10.632,772
1910.24,360.888 17,813,852 12,827,307 110.481 412,729 523,210
1911.24,745.562 18,035.118 12,871.980 110,328 423.278 533,606
1912.35.167.445 18.182.937 13,302.303
1913.25.499,928 18,533.558 13,510.643
1914.26.002,153 19,153,786 14.216,459
1915. 26.425.] 00 19,693.007 14.964.886
1916.26.846,976 20,351,687 15.358,927
t Salaries. Total cost.
$37,832,566 $63.396.666
55,942,972 78.094.687
91,836.484 140,506,715
137,687.746 214.964,618
253.915.470 426,250.434
266.678.471 446.726,929
114.559 432,730 547,289
113.342 451,118 564.460
114.662 465,396 580.058
118.435 485.566 604.001 -
123,038 499,333 622,371 364,789.265 640,717,053
284,945,162 482,886.793
303,537,849 534,058.580
323,610.915 555.077,146
344.668,690 605.460.785
•Children 5 to 18 years of age. fAverage daily attendance. tOf superintendents and
teachers.
HIGH SCHOOLS (1916).
Public.
Schools 12.003
Teachers— Men . .29,131
Women 39.146
Students— Boys 660.641
Girls 795.420
Private.
Schools 2,201
Teachers— Men. . 5,821
Women 8,137
Students— Boys 73.415
Girls 81,706
NORMAL SCHOOLS (1916).
Public.
Schools 234
Teachers— Men. . 2,405
Women 4.237
Students— Men . .21.016
Women 83.698
Private.
Schools
Teachers — Men. .
Women
Students— Men.. 1,924
Women 5,034
45
295
369
UNIVERSITIES. COLLEGES AND TECHNO-
LOGICAL SCHOOLS (1916).
Institutions 574
Instructors — Men 28,472
Instructors — Women 6,397
Preparatory students — Men 33,319
Preparatory students — Women 19,155
Collegiate students— Men 152,860
Collegiate students— Women 90,181
Colleges for men 144
Undergraduate students 43,851
College' for women 89
Undergraduate students 20,638
Coeducational colleges 341
Uadergrar'uate students— Men 109.009
Undergraduate students — Women 69,543
Total students 178,552
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS (1916).
Theology —
Schools 169
Students 12,051
Law — '
Schools 124
Students 22,993
Medicine—-
Schools 92
Students 14,767
Dentistry —
Schools 48
Students 10.715
Pharmacy —
Schools
Students ..
Veterinary —
Schools ..
Students .
71
6,034
3.064
SCHOOLS FOR BLIND AND DEAF (1916).
Public schools for blind 61
Pupils 5.155
State schools for deaf 69
Pupils 11.784
Public schools for deaf.
Pupils ,
Private schools for deaf.
Pupils
71
2.362
19
587
SCHOOLS FOR FEEBLE MINDED.
State — Number . 38
Pupils 32,882
Private — Number 28
Pupils 890
Public— Day ... 118
Pupils 16,524
OTHER SCHOOLS (1916)
Students .
Agriculture
Training- nurses 1,520
Students 47.611
Commercial ... 912
Students 192,388
Reform 121
61.828
69
Students 130.499
Summer (1916) 734
Students 298.219
98
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
STUDENTS IN LEADING FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES.
[From Minerva for 1913-1914.]
Paris 17,556
Berlin 14.178
Moscow 9.760
Cairo 9.540
Vienna 8,784
Budapest 7,814
Munich 7.718
St. Petersburg .. 7.455
Naples 6,600
Leipzig 6.143
Toronto 5.903
Madrid 5,675
Lemberg 5,567
Tokyo (Imperial).. 5,354
Buenos Aires 5,054
Valladolid 4,600
Bonn 4,478
Prague (Bohemian) 4,406
London 4,047
Oxford 4.025
Copenhagen 4,000
Rome 3.919
Cambridge 3.748
Helslngfors 3.532
Edinburgh 3.352
Charkow 3,342
Bukharest 3,283
Lyons 3,084
Kiev 3.000
Halle
Cracow
Toulouse
Dorpat '...
Luttich
2,982
2,960
2.869
2.684
2,778
2,800
2,800
2.684
2,630
2.766
2,485
2,548
2,668
2.213
2,430
2,466
2.124
2.023
2,368
2.116
2,257
Marburg
Prague (German)..
Sendai
Jena
Durham
Lille
2.072
2,053
1.915
1.993
1,648
1,828
Genoa
Aberdeen
Tomsk
1,413
1,300
1.300
1.318
1.295
1,250
1,319
1.347
1,194
1.312
1,253
1,387
1.200
1,212
1,320
1,150
1.215
1,100
1.096
1.070
1,167
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,070
1.045
1,000
1,000
Poitiers
Erlangen
Athens
Glasgow
Breslau
Louvain
Freiburg
Bern
Konigsberg
Kiel
Valencia
Manchester
2,015
1,744
1.876
1,700
1.691
1.389
1,648
1,600
1,669
1,570
1,456
1,548
1,600
1,440
1.426
1.746
1.481
2,021
1.496
1,624
1.350
1,365
1,254
Melbourne
Lund
Czernowitz
Liverpool
Ghent
Strassburg
Bordeaux
Wales, Univ. of..
Padua
Gottingen
McGill (Montreal)
Pavia
Palermo
Rennes
Leiden
Leeds
Pisa . ...
Heidelberg
Klausenburg
Odessa
Wurzburg
Kingston (Canada)
Chrfstiania
Amsterdam
Seville
Muenster (Germ'y
Sofia
Utrecht ..
Algiers
Warsaw
Giessen
Upsala
2,419
2.199
2.248
2,151
1.858
2.000
2,122
2,016
Grenoble
Zurich
Dijon
Dublin
Nancy
Gothenburg
Sydney
Granada
Montreal (Laval)..
Coimbra
Santiago (Chile)..
Birmingham (Eng.)
Innsbruck
GIFTS AND BEQUESTS TO EDUCATION.
[From report of United States commissioner of education.]
Institutions.
Univ. and colleges.... $
Schools of theology ...
1914.
Z6.670.017
1,558.281
203,067
1,495,773
607.431
116,283
706. §46
1915.
$20.310,124
1.467,055
90.576
2,661.076
449.992
168,479
875.944
1884...
$11,270,286
1885...
9.314.081
1886...
, 5,976,168
1887...
7,512.910
Schools of medicine . .
Public normal schools
Private normal schools
Private high schools.. .
1888...
6,646.368
1889...
6.942,058
1890...
8,011,019
1891...
8.519,233
Total 31.357.398
26.023,246
$3,015.256
. 3,103,289
1892...
8,721,902
Gifts bi
1871 $8.593.740
i Years.
1877
1894...
1895
. ... 10,855,365
8 240 876
1872 .. .10 072.540
1878...,
1896
11 677 048
1873 11,225,977
1874 . . 6 053 804
1879
. 5,249.810
1897
10 049 141
1880
. 5,518,501
1898
10 981 209
1875 .. ,4 126 562
1881
7.440.224
1899...
1SOO ...
.... 25.332.792
. ... 15066561
1876 4.691.845
1883
7.141.363
1901 $21,158,400
1902 20,348,739
1903 17.915,075
1904 17,261.375
1905 21,827,875
1906 23,347,070
1907 28.585,780
1908 19,763,421
1909 21.192,450
1910 24,755,663
1911 27.634,029
1912 30,061,310
1913 29,651,310
1914 31.357,398
1915 26.023,246
Total ...610.441,328
SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL TRAFFIC.
Year.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
SUMMARY BY YEARS.
—Freight
Tons. Value. Charges.
.62,363,218 $654,010,844 $38,710,904
.53,477,216 595,019,844 29,492,196
.72,472,676 791.357,837 40,578,225
.79,718,344 865,957,838 44,380,865
.55,369,939 634,800,268 27,597,090
.71.290.304 882.263,141 41,984,031
.91,888.219 974,161,156 60,845,023
.89,813,898 1.196,922,183 89,277,226
SUEZ CANAL TRAFFIC.
The total receipts of transit tonnage tolls of
the Suez canal in 1913 amounted to $23,443,-
643, a decrease of $1,886,189 as compared
with 1912. The decrease was owing to the
reduction of the toll rate which went into ef-
fect Jan. 1, 1913. The total toll-paying ton-
nage for 1913 was 19,165,000 tons, or 456,-
000 tons in excess of that for 1912.
In 1913 the total number of vessels passing
through the Suez canal was 5,085 as against
5,373 in 1912. The average time of vessels
going through the canal in 1913 was 16 hours
19 minutes. Freight traffic in 1914, 1915 and
1916 was greatly diminished by the war in
Europe, but no detailed statistics were pub-
lished.
GREAT SHIP CANALS OF 1
Opened,
Canal. year.
Cape Cod 1014.
fHE WORLD.
Length, Depth,
miles. feet.
8 25
4 26.25
16 20.50
41 10
61 45
35.5 26
50.5 45
16 22
1.11 20.25
90 31
26.75 14
ibuilt
Width.*
feet. Cost.
150 $12,000,000
72 5,000,000
220 10,000,000
72 5,831,000
150 94,818,000
120 75,000.000
300 375.000.000
100 10,000,000
142 2,791.873
108 100,000,000
100 25.000,000
Corinth (Greece)
1893
Kronstadt-Petrograd (Russia)
. . . 1890
Elbe and Trave (Germany)
. . . 1900
Kaiser Wilhelm or Kiel ( Germany )t •
. 1895
Manchester ship (England)
1894
Panama (U S)
1914
Sault Ste Marie (U S)
1855
Sault Ste Marie (Canada;
1895
Suez (Egypt) ,
1869
Welland (Canada)
1887
•At
the bottom. fRe
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOE 1919,
Alabama 2.395,270
Arizona 272,034
Arkansas 1,792,965
California 3.119,412
Colorado 1.014,581
Connecticut 1.286.268
Delaware 216.941
Dist. of Columbia. 374,584
Florida 938-8TZ
Georgia .2.935.617
Idaho 461,766
Illinois 6,317,734
Indiana 2,854,167
•Iowa 2.224.771
Kansas 1.874.195
Kentucky 2,408,547
Louisiana 1,884.778
•April 15, 1910: decrease since 1900.
NOTE— Estimates of population are required pri-
marily for use in the census bureau in calcu-
lating death rates and per capita averages for
years other than the census year. It is based
on the assumption that the increase in popula-
tion each year since the enumeration is equal
to the annual increase from 1900 to 1910.
UNITED STATES AND POSSESSIONS.
[United States census bureau estimate as of
Jan. 1. 1917.]
Continental United States 102.826,309
Alaska «,|73
Guam . 12,866
Hawaii 217660
Panama Canal Zone ; JJ-222
Philippine islands ?'872'22?
Porto Rico 1'222'?S
Samoa 7«428
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
UNITED STATES. JULY 1. 1918.
[United States census bureau estimate.]
Maine 782.191
Maryland 1,384.539
Massachusetts .... 3,832,790
Michigan 3,133,678
Minnesota 2,345,287
Mississippi 2.001,466
Missouri 3,448,498
Montana 486,376
Nebraska 1,296,877
Nevada 114,742
New Hampshire . . . 446,352
New Jersey 3,080,371
New Mexico 437.015
New York 10,646.989
North Carolina.... 2,466,025
North Dakota 791,437
Ohio 6.273,814
Oklahoma 2.377.629
Oregon 888.243
Pennsylvania 8.798.067
Rhode Island 637.415
South Carolina.... 1.660,934
South Dakota 735,434
Tennessee 2,321.253
Texas 4,601,279
Utah 453.648
Vermont 366,192
Virginia 2,234,030
Washington 1.660,578
West Virginia 1,439.165
Wisconsin 2,553,983
Wyoming 190.380
Total .. .....105.253.300
Total 113.309.285
WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION.
Estimated as of July 1, 1916.
State. White. Colored.
Alabama ....« 1,371.973 960.635
Arizona 220.864 34.680
Arkansas .!.....".. 1.248.243 491.480
California 2.798.427 140.227
Colorado 943.334 18,726
Connecticut 1,228,705 15,774
Delaware 181,868 31,512
District of Columbia 264.166 99.814
Florida 535.612 357.881
Georgia 1.589,295 1,266,770
Idaho . 422.783 5.803
Illinois 6.024,942 127,315
Indiana 2.754,042 62,775
Iowa .. 2,203,236 17,085
Kansas 1,771,427 68.118
Kentucky 2,132,089 247,550
Louisiana . 1,074,038 755,092
Maine 770,026 2,463
Maryland 1,131,931 230.876
Massachusetts 3,673,952 45,204
Michigan .. 3,028,353 26,501
Minnesota 2.261,786 17,817
Mississippi 877,215 1,074.459
Missouri 3.254,439 156,253
Montana . 445,011 14,483
Nebraska 1,258.103 13,272
Nevada 98,713 8,021
New Hampshire 441,923
New Jersey 2,844,219 103.798
New Mexico 382.795 27.488
New York 10.104,754 168,621
North Carolina 1,649,452 753,286
North Dakota 732.148 7,053
Ohio 5,028,776 121,580
Oklahoma 1,931,345 270,738
Oregon 818,869 16,872
Pennsylvania 8,301,389 220,628
Rhode Island 603,812 10,503
South Carolina 755,456 870,019
South Dakota 678.856 19.653
Tennessee 1.819,092 468.912
State. White. Colored.
Texas 3.694,083 735,483
Utah 425.755 8,328
Vermont 361.544 2.155
Virginia 1,513,632 678.387
Washington 1,494,376 39,845
West Virginia 1,308,699 77.339
Wisconsin , 2,485,678 14.672
Wyoming 172,549 7,010
United States .91,113,775 10,796.709
Colored Population of Cities.
Estimated as of July 1, 1916.
Atlanta. Ga..
Baltimore. Md
,
Birmingham. Ala. 67.829
Boston. Mass.
Chicago. 111...
Cincinnati. O.
Columbus. O..
59,063
. 88,466
. 16.285
. 55.673
22.209
15.717
Indianapolis, Ind. 25,464
Kansas City, Mo. 27,354
Los Angeles. Cal. 16,579
Memphis, Tenn... 54,120
Nashville. Tenn.. 36,043
New Orleans. La. 96,909
New York. N. Y.116,842
Philadelphia. Pa. 99,224
Pittsburgh, Pa... 28.089
Richmond. Va.... 55,998
St. Louis. Mo.... 50,002
San Prancisco.Cal. 16,579
Washington. D. C. 99.815
NOTE — Cities having a comparatively small negro
population are not included. The negro popula-
tion of all large cities in 1910 is given elsewhere
in this volume.
METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS IN THE UNITED
STATES (1910).
A metropolitan district Is defined as consist-
ing of the city together with the urban por-
tion of the territory lying within ten miles of
the city limits. The following table shows the
metropolitan districts of cities having a popu-
lation of 200.000 or more in 1910:
Metropolitan City
City. district, proper. Outside.
New York 6,474,568 4.766.883 1,707.685
Chicago 2.446.921 '
Philadelphia 1,972,342
Boston 1,520,470
Pittsburgh 1, 042.855
St. Louis 828,733
San Francisco-Oakland 686,873
Oakland
Baltimore 658.715
Cleveland 613,270
Cincinnati 563,804
Minneapolis-St. Paul... 526,256
St. Paul
Detroit 500,982
Buffalo 488,661
Los Angeles...' 438,226
Milwaukee 427.175
Providence 395,972
Washington 367,869
New Orleans 348,109
Kansas City (Mo. and
Kas.) 340,446
Kansas City, Kas
Louisville 286158
Rochester 248,512
Seattle 239,269
Indianapolis 237,783
Denver 219,314
Portland. Ore 216.048
2,185.283
1,549.008
670,585
633.905
687.029
416.912
150.174
558,485
560,663
363,591
301,408
214,744
465,766
423,715
319.198
373,857
224,326
331.069
339,075
248,381
82.331
223,928
218,149
237,194
233,650
213,381
207.314
261.638
423,334
849,885
508,950
141,704
119.787
52,607
200,213
10.104
"ss'im
64.946
119.028
63,318
171.646
36.800
9.034
9,374
30,363
2.075
4.133
5,933
7.834
100
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919,
POPULATION OP THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS (1850-1910).
[From the reports of the superintendents of the census.]
STATE OR
TERRITORY.
1910.
181
25
21
81
2!)
83
11
43
8
8
10
22
12
23
80
M
7
9
19
20
5
41
27
45
8ti
M
15
39
4
L900.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1850.
Alabama
Arkansas
18
26
12
82
81
44
83
in
43
I
a
u
22
14
24
U
27
6
8
19
21
7
40
29
4»;
88
11
16
37
4
23
86
2
38
20
M
17
5
41
42
20
80
23
13
45
2.138,093
1,574.449
2.877,549
799,024
1,114.756
202.322
752.619
2,609.121
325.594
5,638.591
2,700,876
2.224,771
1.690.949
2.289.905
1,656.388
742,371
1,295.34«
3.366.416
2.810.1 73
2.075.708
1,797.114
3.293.335
376.053
1,192,214
81.8;5
430.572
2.537,167
9,113,614
2.206,287
577,056
4,767,121
1,657,155
672,765
7,665,111
542,610
1.515,400
583,888
2,184.789
3,896.542
373,351
3r>5,956
2,061,612
1,141.990
1.221,119
2,333,860
145,965
1.828,697
1,311,51.4
1,485.053
539,700
908,420
184,735
528,542
2,216,331
161,772
4,821,550
2.516.462
2.231,853
1,470.495
2,147,174
1,381.625
694,466
1.188.044
2.805,846
2.420,982
1,751,394
1.551.270
3,106,665
243.329
1,066.300
42.335
411,588
1,883,669
7,268.894
1,893.810
319,146
4,157.545
ir
24
22
31
29
41
82
r>
43
3
8
10
19
U
25
80
27
6
9
20
21
5
42
28
45
33
18
1
16
39
4
1,513.017
1.128.179
1,208,130
412,198
746,258
168,493
391,422
1,837.358
84,385
3.826,351
2,192.404
1.911,896
1.427.096
1,858,635
1,118,587
661.086
1.042,390
2,238.943
2,093.889
1.301.826
1,289,600
2,679,184
132.159
1,058,910
45,761
376,530
1,444,933
5,997,853
1,617,947
182,719
3,672,316
17
36
24
86
38
37
34
n
1.262.505
802,525
864,694
194,327
622,700
146.608
269.493
1,542,180
16
86
24
25'
84
88
12
996,992
484.471
560,247
39,864
537,454
125,015
187,748
1,184,109
13
Ml
26
'24'
32
81
11
964.201
435,450
379,994
34,277
460,147
112.216
140,424
1,057,286
12
26
29
'2i'
30
31
9
771,623
209,897
92,597
'"370,792
91,532
87.445
906,185
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida
Cllinois
4
6
10
.20
8
22
27
23
7
9
26
18
5
3,077,871
1,978.301
1,624,615
996,096
1,648,690
939,946
648.936
934,943
1.783,085
1,686,937
780.773
1.131,597
2,168,380
4
6
11
29
8
21
23
20
7
13
28
18
0
2,539.891
1,680.637
1,194,020
364,399
1,321,011
726,915
626.915
780,894
1,457,351
1,184.059
439,706
827,922
1,721,295
4
6
20
83
9
17
22
19
7
16
30
14
8
1.711,951
1,350,428
674,913
107,206
1,155.684
708,002
628.279
687,049
1,231.066
749.113
172.023
791,305
1,182,012
11
7
27
851,470
988,416
192,214
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
8
IS
16
17
6
211
33
15
13
982,405
517,762
583,169
588,034
994.514
397.654
6,077
606,526
682,044
Massachusetts .. .
Mississippi
Nebraska
80
38
31
19
15
452,402
62,266
346,991
1,131.116
5,082.871
1,399,750
35
37
31
17
14
122,993
42,491
318.300
906,096
4,382.75!)
1,671,361
35
86
27
21
1
12
28,841
6.857
326,073
672,035
3,880.735
992,622
Nevada
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
22
19
1
10
317,976
489,655
3,097,394
869,039
New York
North Carolina...
North Dakota.. . .
Ohio
3
3,198,062
3
2.665.260
3
2,339.5ii
3
1,980,829
Oklahoma
Oregon
35
2
34
24
37
13
1
40
88
17
33
28
14
44
413,536
6,302,115
428.556
1,340,316
401,570
2.020.616
3.048,710
276,74»
343,641
1,854,184
518,103
958,800
2,069,042
92,531
38
2
35
23
87
13
7
40
36
15
34
28
14
44
3131767
5,258,014
345,506
1,151,149
328.808
1,767,518
2,2*5,523
207,905
332,422
1,655,980
349.390
762,794
1,6*5,880
60,705
36
2
33
21
174,768
4,282.891
276,531
995,577
36
2
32
22
90,923
3,521,951
217,358
705,606
34
2
29
18
52,465
2,906,215
174,620
703,708
32
2
28
14
13.294
2,311,786
147,545
668,507
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island
South Carolina..
South Dakota....
Tennessee
12
11
1,542,359
1,591,749
9
19
1,258,520
818,579
10
23
1,109.801
604,215
5
25
1,002.717
212,592
Texas
Utah
Vermont
32
14
332,286
|,512,565
30
10
330,551
1,225.163
28
5
315.098
1,596,318
23
4
314,120
1,421,661
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia...
Wisconsin
29
16
618,457
1,315,497
27
15
442,014
1,054,670
15
775,881
24
305,391
Wyoming
The states
5
3
91,109.542
74,610,523
62.116,811
49,371,340
38,155,505
31,218,021
23,067,262
64,356
204,354
7
6
63.592
122,931
Arizona
4
59,620
6
I
40,440
135,177
177,624
8
7
1
9.658
14,181
131,700
Dakota
5
2
4,837
75,080
Di st. of Columbia
Hawaii.
1
4
331,069
191.901
3
5
278,718
154,001
1
230,392
2
51,687
Idaho
8
32,610
Indian Territory
Montana
2
392,060
6
14.999
7
4
39.159
119.565
New Mexico
Oklahoma
2
827,301
4
1
195,310
398,831
91,219
2
3
153.593
61.834
5
2
20,595
1)1,874
1
93,516
1
61,547
Inserv. U.S. sta-
tioned abroad..
Utah
...
55,609
2
5
9
143,963
75.116
20,789
3
4
9
86,786
23,955
9.118
3
4
40.273
11,594
3
11,380
Washington
'
Wyoming
Porto Rico
1,118.012
The territories.
United States..
Per cent of gain.
2,292,609
1,604,943
505,439
784,443
402,866
225,390
—
124,614
93,402,151
76,303,387
62,622,250
50,155,783
38.588,371
31,443,321
23,191,876
20.9
21
24.9
30.08
22.65
35.58
35.86
NOTE— The narrow column under each census I tories when arranged according to magnitude of
year shows the order of the stages and terri- I population.
CENSUS OF 1910 AND 1900.
The thirteenth census of the United States was i 1910. 1900.
taken by the bureau of the census as of April
15, 1910. It Included continental United States,
the territories of Alaska and Hawaii and Porto
Rico; also persons in the military and naval
service vho were stationed abroad. The popu-
lation according to this division, compared with
that in 1900, was:
1910. 1900.
Alaska ! 64.356 63.592
Hawaii
191,909 154,001
Porto Rico 1,118,012 *953.243
Soldiers and sailors abroad.... 55,608
91.219
Noncontiguous territory 1,429,885 1.262.055
Continental United States 91.972,266 75.994.575
United States (area of enu-
meration) 93,402,151 t77,256.630
•Census of 1899. flncludes 953,243 persons enu-
merated in Porto Rico in 1899.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
101
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS (1790-1840).
[From the reports of the superintendents of the census.]
STATE OH TERRITORY.
1840.
1830.
1820.
1810.
1800.
1790.
Alabama
12
25
590,75*
97,574
15
27
309,52-
30,388
19
2o
127,901
14,273
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
io
86
87
a
309,978
78,085
54,477
691,392
16
24
25
10
297,675
76,748
34,730
516,823
14
22
275.248
72,749
9
19
261,542
72,674
8
17
251,002
64,273
8
10
237,964
59,096
Florida
Georgia
11
340,989
11
252,433
12
162,686
13
82,548
Idii 1 u>
Illinois
14
10
n
476,183
685,86t
43,112
20
13
157,445
343,031
24
18
55,211
147,178
23
21
12,282
24,520
Indiana
20
5,641
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
6
19
13
15
8
•
779,828
352,411
501,793
470,019
737,699
212,267
6
1!)
12
11
8
26
687,917
215,739
399,455
447,040
610,408
31,639
6
17
12
10
7
26
564,317
153,407
298,335
407,350
523,287
8,765
7
18
14
8
5
24
^.sii
76,556
228,705
380,546
472,040
4,762
9
220,955
14
73,677
Louisiana
Maine
14
7
5
151,719
341,548
422,845
11
«
4
96,540
319,728
378,787
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
17
16
375,651
383,702
22
21
136,621
140,455
21
23
75,448
66,586
20
22
40,352
20,845
19
8,850
Missouri.".
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
Sj
18
1
7
284,574
373,306
2,428,921
753,419
18
14
1
5
269,328
320,823
1,918,608
737,987
15
13
4
244,161
277,575
1,372,812
638,829
1C,
12
2
4
214,460
245,562
959,049
555,500
11
10
3
4
183,858
211,149
589,051
478,103
10
9
5
3
141.885
184.139
340,120
393,751
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
3
1,519,467
4
937,903
5
581,434
13
230,760
18
45,365
Pennsylvania
2
24
11
1,724.033
108,830
594,398
2
28
9
1,348,233
97,199
581,185
3
20
8
1,049,458
83,059
502,741
3
17
6
810,091
76,931
415,115
3
16
6
602,365
69,122
345,591
2
15
7
434,378
68,826
249,078
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
5
829,210
7
681,904
9
422,823
10
261,727
16
105,602
17
35,691
Texas
21
4
291,948
1,239,797
17
3
280,652
1,211,405
16
2
235,966
1,065,366
15
1
235,981
974,600
13
1
154,465
880,200
12
1
85,426
747,610
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
ii
30,945
Wyoming
•
The states
Alaska
17,019,641
12,820,808
9,600,783
7,215,858
5,294,390
Arizona
Dakota
District of Columbia , . .
i
43,712
1
39,834
1
33,039
1
24,023
1
14,093
Idaho
Indian Territory
Montana
Oklahoma
Utah
Washington. ....
Wyoming
The territories
43,712
39,834
33,039
24,023
14,093
On public ships in service of
United States
6.100
5,318
United States
Per cent of gain
17,069,453
12,866,020
9,638,453
7,239,881
5,308,483
3,929,214
32 67
33.55
33.06
36.38
35.10
- ~. v~..»wi p,c»iii OO.UU OO. OO OO.JU f
NOTE — The narrow column under each census I tories when arranged according to magnitude of
year shows the order of the states and terri- I population.
DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.
Per cent of total population of continental United States in each of the nine geographic divisions:
Division.
New England
1910.
. . 74
1900.
7 4
1890.
7 5
1850.
11 8
Middle Atlantic
... 21.0
20.3
20 2
25 4
East North Central...
West North Central...
South Atlantic
... 19.8
... 12.7
... 13.3
21.0
13.6
13 7
21.4
14.2
14 1
19.5
3.8
20 2
East South Central...
West South Central..
Mountain
.... 9.1
... 9.6
. 2 9
9.9
8.6
2 2
10.2
7.5
1 9
14.5
4.1
0 3
Pacific
.... 4.6
3.2
3.0
0.5
United States
...100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Including the population of the Philippines and
other possessions, the population living under the
American flag in 1910 was as follows:
United States 93,402,151
Philippines (1903) 7,635,426
Guam, estimated 9,000
Samoa, estimated 6,100
Panama Canal Zone, estimated 50.000
Total 101,102,677
102
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919,
GROWTH OF POPULATION OF
THE UNITED STATES.
-Increase-
States and 1900 to 1910. 1890 to 1900. r
territories. 1910. 1900. 1890. Number. Perct. Number. Perct.
Alabama 2.138.093 1.828.697 1.513.401 309.396 16.9 315.296 20.8
Arizona 204,354 122,931 88.243 81.423 66.2 34.688 39.8
Arkansas 1,574,449 1.311,564 1.128.211 262.885 20.0 183,353 16.3
California 2,377,549 1,485.053 1.213.398 892.496 60.1 271,655 22.4
Colorado 799.024 539,700 413.249 259,324 48.0 126.451 30.6
Connecticut 1.114,756 908,420 746.258 206,336 22.7 162.162 21.7
Delaware 202,322 184,735 168.403" 17.587 9.5 16.242 9.6
Dist oi Columbia 331,069 278.718 230.392 52.351 18.8 48.326 21.0
Florida .. 752,619 528,542 391.422 224,077 42.4 137,120 35.0
Georgia 2.609.121 2.216,331 1,837,353 392,790 17.7 378,978 20.6
Idaho 325.594 161.772 88.548 163.822101.3 73.224 82.7
Illinois 5.638,591 4.821,550 3,826,352 817,041 16.9 995.198 26.0
Indiana 2.700,876 2,516,462 2,192,404 184,414 7.3 324.058 14.8
Iowa 2,224.771 2.231,853 1,912.297 «7,082 «0.3 319.556 16.7
Kansas 1.690,94* 1,470.495 1,428.108 220.454 15.0 42.387 3.0
Kentucky 2.289.905 2.147,174 1,858.635 142,731 6.6 288,539 15.5
Louisiana 1,656.388 1,381,625 1.118.588 274.763 19.9 203,037 23.5
Maine 742,371 694,466 661.086 47,905 6.9 33,380 5.0
Maryland 1.295,346 1,188,044 1,042,390 107.302 9.0 145,654 14.0
Massachusetts .. 3.366.416 2,805,346 2,238.947 561.070 20.0 566.399 25.3
Michig-an 2.810.173 2,420,982 2,093,890 389,191 16.1 327,092 15.6
Minnesota 2,075,708 1.751.394 1.310,283 324.314 18.5 441.111 33.7
Mississippi 1.797.114 1.551.270 1.289,600 245.844 15.8 261.670 20.3
Missouri 3.293.335 3,106,665 2,679.185 186,670 6.0 427,480 16.0
Montana 376.053 243,329 142,924 132.724 54.5 100.405 70.3
Nebraska 1.192.214 1,066.300 1,062.656 125,914 11.8 3.644 0.3
Nevada 81.875 42,335 47,355 39,540 93.4 t5.020 flO.6
New Hampshire. 430.572 411.588 376.530 18.984 4.6 35.058 9.3
New Jersey 2,537.167 1,883,669 1,144.933 653.498 34.7 438.736 30.4
New Mexico 327.301 195,310 160,282 131.991 67.6 35,028 21.9
New York 9.113,614 7.268,894 6,003.174 1.844.720 25.4 1,265,720 21.1
North Carolina.. 2.206,287 1,893,810 1.617,949 312,477 16.5 275.861 17.1
North Dakota... 577,056 319,146 190,983 257,910 80.8 128,163 67.1
Ohio 4.767,121 4,157,545 3,672.329 609.576 14.7 485.216 13.2
Oklahoma 1,657.155 790,391 258.657 866,764 109.7 531.734 205.6
Oresron 672,765 413.536 317.704 259,229 62.7 95,832 30.2
Pennsylvania ... 7,665.111 6,302,115 5,258.113 1,362.996 21.6 1,044.002 19.9
Rhode Island 542,610 428.556 345,506 114.054 26.6 83.050 24.0
South Carolina.. 1.515.400 1,340,316 1.151.149 175.084 13.1 189.167 16.4
South Dakota... 583.888 401.570 348,600 182,318 45.4 52,970 15.2
Tennessee 2,184.789 2.020.616 1.767.518 164,173 8.1 253,098 14.3
Texas 3,896,542 3,048.710 2,235.527 847,832 27.8 813,183 36.4
Utah 373,351 276.749 210.779 96.602 34.9 65.970 31.3
Vermont 355.956 343,641 332.422 12,315 3.6 11,219 3.4
Virginia 2,061.612 1,854,184 1,655.980 207.428 11.2 198.204 12.0
Washington 1.141.990 518.103 357.232 623,887 120.4 160.871 45.0
West Virginia... 1.221,119 958.800 762.794 262.319 27.4 196.006 25.7
Wisconsin 2.333.860 2.069,042 1,693,330 264.818 12.8 375.712 22.2
Wyoming- 145,965 92.531 62,555 53.434 57.7 29.976 47.9
Continental U. S. 91,972.266 75.994,576 62,947.714 15.947.691 21.0 13,046.861 20.7
Alaska 64,356 63,592 32.052 764 1.2 31.540 98.4
Hawaii 191.909 154,001 89,990 37.908 24.6 64.011 71.1
Porto Rico 1.118.012 t953.769 164,769 17.3
-Rank—,
'10. '00.
18 19
46 47
25 25
12 21
33 • >*.
31 29
47 45
43 41
33 33
10 11
45 46
3 3
9 8
15 10
22 22
14 12
24 23
34 31
27 26
6 7
8 9
19 19
21 20
7 5
40 43
29 27
49 49
39 37
11 16
44 44
1 1
16 15
37 40
4 4
23 30
35 36
2 2
38 35
26 24
36 38
17 14
5 6
41 42
42 39
20 17
30 34
28 28
13 13
48 48
JTotal U. S.... 93,346,543 77.165.937 63.069.75616.151,132 20.9 13.142,412 22.7
•Decrease, tin 1899. JDoes not include soldiers and sailors stationed abroad.
DECENNIAL INCREASE OF POPULATION.
Continental United States.
Census. Population. Increase. Percent.
1910 91,972.266 15,977.691
1900 75,994.575 13,046,861
1890 62.947,714 12,791,931
1880 50,155.783 11,597,412
1870 38,558,371 7,115.050
1860 31.443.321 8.251.445
1850 23.191.876 6,122,423
1840 17.069.453 4,203.433
1830 12.866.020 3,227.567
1820 9.638.453 2,398,572
1810 7,239,881 1.931,398
21.0
20.7
25.5
30.1
22.6
35.6
35.9
32.7
33.5
33.1
36.4
Census. Population.
1800 5,308.483
1790 3,929.214
Increase. Percent.
1,379.269 35.1
INCREASE (1900-1910).
Division. Number.
New England 960.664
Middle Atlantic 3.861.214
East North Central 2.265,040
West North Central 1,290.498
South Atlantic 1,751.415
East South Central 862,144
West South Central 2,252.244
Mountain 958.860
Pacific 1,775,612
Per ct.
17.2
25.0
14.2
12.5
16.8
11.4
34.5
57.3
73.5
CENTER OF POPULATION AND MEDIAN LINES.
The center of population, according to the
bnreau of thfe census, may be said to represent
the center of the gravity of the. population. If
the surface of the United States be considered as
a rigid plane without weight, capable of sustain-
ing the population distributed thereon, individu-
als being assumed to be of equal weight, and
each, therefore, to exert a pressure on any sup-
porting pivotal point directly proportional to his
distance from the point, the pivotal point on
which the plane balances would, of course, be
Its center of gravity, and this Is the point re-
ferred to by the term "center of population" as
used by the census bureau in Its reports.
The median point, which may be described as
the numerical center of population. Is in no
sense a center of gravity. In determining the
median point distance is not taken Into account.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919,
103
CENTER OF POPULATION,
AT EACH CENSUS
1790 TO 1910
MEDIAN POINT
1880 TO 1910
4(C«TiUr'<tfPopultl
and the location of tbe units of population is
considered only in relation to the intersecting
median lines — as being north or south of the me-
dian parallel and east and west of the meridian.
.The position of the center of population and its
movement during each decade since 1790 are
shown in the following table:
Censi
year.
1790.
1800.
1810.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1860.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
North
is latitude.
D. M. 8.
.89 16 30
.39 16 6
.39 11 30
.39 5 42
.38 67 54
.39 2 0
.38 69 0
.39 0 24
.39 12 0
.39 4 8
.39 11 66
.39 9 36
.39 10 12
West
longitude.
D. Id. 8.
76 11 12
76 66 30
77 37 12
78 33 0
79 16 64
80 18 0
81 19 0
82 48 48
83 35 42
84 39 40
85 32 63
85 48 64
86 32 20
•West
Approximate location by important towns.
/ preceding decada. *
Direct Weil- North- South-
line, ward. ward. ward.
.18 miles west of Baltimore, Md
.40 miles northwest by west of Washington, D. C.
.16 miles north of Woodstock, Va
.19 miles west-southwest of Moorefleld, W. Va.*.
.16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va.*
.23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W. Va.*
.20 miles south of Chillicothe, O
40.6
36.9
50.5
40.4
65.0
54.8
80.6
44.1
68.1
48.6
14.6
39.0
40.6 .... 0.5
36.5 .... 6.S
50.1 .... 6.7
39.4 .... 9.0
64.8 4.7 ....
54.7 .... 3.6
80.6 1.$ ....
42.1 13.3 ....
57.4 .... 9.1
47.7 9.0 ....
14.4 .... 2.8
38.9 0.8 ....
.48 miles east by north of . Cincinnati, O
.8 miles west by south of Cincinnati, 0
.20 miles east of Columbus, Ind
.6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind
.In tbe city of Bloomington. Ind
Virginia formed part of Virginia until 1863.
MEDIAN LINES.
In connection with the definition of the median
point another method of presenting facts with
regard to the geographical distribution of the
population has been noted. Involving the location
of median lines. A parallel of latitude is deter-
mined which evenly divides tne population so
that the population north of that parallel is the
same as that south. Similarly, a meridian of
longitude is determined which, divides the popu-
lation evenly as between east and west. In cal-
culating these median lines it is necessary, in
the case of the square degrees of latitude and
longitude which are traversed by the lines them-
selves, to assume that tne population is evenlv
distributed through these square degrees or to
make an estimated adjustment where this Is ob-
vionsly not the case.
The eastern terminus of the median parallel,
according to the census of 1910. Is on the New
Jersey coast near Seagirt, in Its course west
this line passes through central New Jersey,
leaving the state near Burlington and entering
Pennsylvania a few miles north of Philadelphia,
tnence passing through Norrlstown and continu-
ing through southern Pennsylvania and across
the northern extremity of Wes*- Virginia, leaving
the latter state at a point a few miles north of
Wheeling. It nearly bisects Ohio, Indiana and
Illinois, crossing about ten miles north of Colum-
bus, O. ; twenty-five miles north of Indianapolis.
Ind., and about twenty miles north of Spring-
field, 111. Through Missouri it runs about thirty
miles south of tbe Iowa and Missouri line,
thence passing through Nebraska about ten miles
north of its soutnern boundary, and across the
northern part of Colorado, passing about five
miles north of Boulder City. Its location in Utah
Is about forty-five miles south of Salt Lake City.
There are no large towns near Its course across
the northern part of Nevada and California. The
western terminus of the median parallel is on
the Pacific coast, in Humboldt county, California,
about five miles north of Point Delgada and
twenty miles south of Cape Mendocino, tbe point
of continental United States extending farthest
west.
The median meridian starts at Whlteflsh point,
on the northern peninsula of Michigan, near the
eastern end of Lake Superior, thence passing
104
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
south about twenty-five miles west of Lansing:
and through Indiana about ten miles west of the
Indiana -Ohio boundary and twenty -five miles west
of Cincinnati. South of the Ohio river it bisects
Kentucky, crosses eastern Tennessee and leaves
that state twenty miles east of Chattanooga.
Through Georgia it passes close to the Georgia-
Alabama line, about two miles west of Colum-
bus, Ga., leaving the state near the intersection
of the Alabama, Georgia and Florida boundary
lines. It then crosses the northwestern part of
Florida and terminates in the Gulf of Mexico at
the city of Apalachicola. The following tablo
shows the movement of the median lines from
1880 to 1910, inclusive:
Median me- Movement in miles.
ridian.west Median Median
hiniritiirio Parallel, meridian.
D. ^M. S 555* we.tiraM
84 7* 12 .......
84 40
84 51
84 59
Median par-
allel.
Census north, latitude.
year. »• M. s.
00
1S80 39
1890 40
1900 40
1910 40
51
24
6.6 27.0
2.4 10.8
2.3 7.5
MEDIAN POINT.
The exact location of the median point is in-
dicated by the median lines already shown: in
the following table its approximate location with
reference to certain towns is described:
Approximate Location by Important Towns.
1880.... 16 miles nearly due west of Springfield, O.
1890 5 miles southwest of Greenville, O.
1900 In Spartanburg, Ind.
1910 3 miles south of Winchester. Ind.
POPULATION BY COLOR OB RACE.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
Color or race. 1910. 1900.
White 81,731,957
Negro 9,827,763
IndW 265,683
Chinese 71,531
Japanese 72,157
All other 3,175
66,809,196
8,833,994
237,196
89,863
24,326
Total ., 91,972,266 75,894,575
BY STATES (1910).
State. White.
Alaba ma 1, 228,832
Arizona 171,468
Arkansas 1,1 31,026
California 2,259,672
Colorado 783,415
Connecticut 1 ,098,897
Delaware 171,102
District of Columbia 236,128
Florida 443,634
Georgia ; 1,431, 802
Idaho 319,221
Illinois 5,526,962
Indiana 2.639,961
Iowa 2, 209, 191
Kansas 1,634,352
Kentucky 2.027,951
Louisiana 941,086
Maine 739,995
Maryland 1,062,639 '
Massachusetts 3,324.926
Michigan 2,785,247
Minnesota 2,059,227
Mississippi 786,111
Missouri 3,134,932
Montana 360,580
Nebraska 1,180,293
Nevada 74,276
New Hampshire 429,906
New Jersey 2,445,894
New Mexico 304,594
New York 8,966,845
North Carolina 1,500,511
North Dakota 569,855
Ohio 4,654,897
Oklahoma 1,444,531
Oregon 655,090
Negro. Indian.
908,282 909
2,009 29,201
442,891 460
21,645 16,371
11,453 1,482
152
6
68
74
95
3,488
15,174
31,181
94,446
308,669
1,176,987
651
109,049
60,320
14,973
54,030
261,656
713,874
1,363
232,250
38,055
17,115
7,084
1,009,487
157,452
188
279
471
2,444
234
780
892
55
7,519
9,05s
1,253
313
1,834 10,745
7,689 3,502
513 5,240
564
89,760
34
168
1,628 20,573
134,191 6,046
697,843 7,851
C.846
127
617
111,452
137.612 74,825
1,492 6,090
State. White.
Pennsylvania 7,467,713
Rhode Island 532,492
South Carolina 679,161
South Dakota 563,771
Tennessee 1,711,432
Texas 3,204,848
Utah 366,583
Vermont 354,298
Virginia 1,389,809
Washington 1.109,111
West Virginia 1,156,817
Wisconsin 2,320,555
Wyoming 140,318
Total 81,731,957
Chinese.
Alabama 62
Arizona 1,305
Arkansas 62
California 36,248
Colorado 373
Connecticut 462
Delaware 30
District of Columbia 369
Florida 191
Georgia 233
Idaho 859
Illinois 2,103
Indiana 276
Iowa 97
Kansas 16
Kentucky 52
Louisiana 507
Maine „ 108
Maryland 378
Massachusetts 2,582
Michigan 241
Minnesota 276
Mississippi 267
Missouri 535
Montana 1,285
Nebraska 112
Nevada 927
New Hampshire 67
New Jersey 1,139
New Mexico 248
New York 5,266
North Carolina 80
North Dakota 39
Ohio 569
Oklahoma 139
Oregon 7,363
Pennsylvania 1,784
Rhode Island 272
South Carolina 57
South Dakota 121
Tennessee 43
Texas 595
Utah 371
Vermont 8
Virginia 164
Washington 2,709
West Virginia 90
Wisconsin 226
Wyoming 246
Negro.
193,919
9,529
835,843
817
473,088
690,049
1,144
1,621
671,096
6,058
64,173
2,900
2,235
1S6
'"S
84
Total 71.531 72,157 3.175
9,827,763
Japanese,
4
371
9
41,356
2,300
71
4
47
60
4
1,363
286
107
12
31
13
24
151
49
67
2
99
1,585
590
864
1
206
258
1,247
2
69
76
48
3,418
190
33
8
42
8
340
2,110
3
14
12,929
3
34
1,596
Indian.
1,503
284
331
19,137
216
702
3,123
26
539
10,997
36
10,142
1,486
265,683
Other.
4
.....
2,257
1
110
312
NEGROES IN LARGE CITIES. Pct-
City. 1910. 1900. 1910*.
Albany, N. Y 1,037 1,178 1.0
Atlanta, Ga 51,902 35,727 33.5
Baltimore. Md 84,749 79258 15.2
Birmingham, Ala 52.305 16,575 39.4
Boston, Mass 13,564 11,591 2.0
Bridgeport, Conn 1,332 1,149 1.3
Buffalo, N. Y 1,773 1,698 0.4
Cambridge. Mass 4,707 3,888 4.5
Chicago, 111 44,103 30,150 2.0
Cincinnati, 0 19,639 14,482 5.4
Cleveland, 0 8,448 5,988 1.5
Columbus, 0 12,739 8,201 7.0
Daj-ton, 0 4,842 3,387 4.2
Denver, Col 6,426 3,923 2.5
Detroit, Mich 6,741 4,111 1.2
Fall River, Mass 355 324 0.3
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
105
Pet.
City. 1910. 1900. 1910.
Grand Rapids, Mich 665 604 0.6
Indianapolis, Ind 21,816 15,931 9.3
Jersey City, N. J 5,960 3,704 2.2
Kansas City, Mo 23,566 17,567 9.5
Los Angeles, Cal 7,599 2,131 2.4
Louisville, Ky 40,522 39,139 18.1
Lowell, Mass 133 136 0.1
Memphis, Tenn 52,441 49,910 40.0
Milwaukee. Wis 980 862 0.3
Minneapolis, Minn 2.592 1,548 0.9
Nashville, Tenn 36,523 30,044 33.1
New Haven, Conn 3,561 2,887 2.7
New Orleans, La 89,262 77,714 26.3
New York, N. Y 91,709 60,666 1.9
Newark, N. J 9,475 6,694 2.7
Oakland. Cal 3,055 1,026 2.0
Omaha, Neb 4,426 3,443 3.6
Paterson, N. J 1,539 1,182 1.2
Philadelphia, Pa 84,459 62,613 5.5
Pittsburgh, Pa 25,623 20,355 4.8
Portland, Ore 1,045 775 0.5
Providence, R. 1 5,316 4,817 2.4
Richmond, Va 46,733 32,230 36.6
Rochester, N. Y 879 601 0.4
St. Louis, Mo 43,960 35,516 6.4
St. Paul, Minn 3,144 2,263 1.5
San Francisco, Cal 1,642 1,654 0.4
Scranton, Pa 567 521 0.4
Seattle, Wash 2,296 406 1.0
Spokane, Wash 723 376 0.7
Syracuse, N. Y 1,241 1,104 0.9
City. 1910.
Toledo, 0 1,124
Washington, D. C 94,446
Worcester, Mass 1,877
1900.
1.034
86,702
1,710
Pet.
1910.
0.8
28.5
1.1
NEGRO POPULATION BY CENSUS YEARS.
1910 9,828,294
1900 8,840,789
1890 7,488,788
1880 6,580,793
1870 4,880,009
I860 4,441,830
L850 3,638,808
1840 2,873,648
1830 2,328,642
1820 1,771,656
1810 1,377,808
1800 1,002,037
1790 757,206
PER CENT INCREASE BY COLOR OR RACE
(1900-1910).
Division. White.Negro.*Other.
New England 17.3
Middle Atlantic 24.9
East North Central 14.1
West North Central 12.8
South Atlantic 20.4
East South Central 14.1
West South Central 40.9
Mountain 59.5
Pacific 75.4
United States.... ...22.3
11.2
17.4
'Includes Indian, Chinese, Japanese and all
other. fMlnus sign (— ) denotes decrease.
CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX.
GENERAL SUMMARY 1910.
Class. Male.
White 42,178,245
Negro 4,885,881
Indian 135,133
Chinese 66,856
Japanese 63,070
All other 3,092
Native white 34,654,457
Native parentage.. .25, 229, 218
Foreign parentage. 6,456,793
Mixed parentage... 2,968,446
Foreign born 7,623,788
Total population 47,332,277
Y 1910.
Female.
39,553,712
4,941,882
130,550
4,675
9,087
83
33,731,955
24,259,357
6,459,518
3,013,080
5,821,757
44,639,989
*Ratio.
106.6
98.9
103.5
1,430.1
694.1
162! 7
104.0
100.0
98.5
129.2
106.0
Year.
1910
BY CENSUS YE^
Male.
47.332,277
iRS.
Female.
44,639,989
37,178,127
30,710,613
24,636,963
19,064,806
15,358,117
11,354,216
8,380,921
6,333,531
4,741,848
•Ratio.
106.0
104.4
105.0
103.6
102.2
104.7
104.3
103.7
103.1
103.2
1900
38,816,448
1890
32,237,101
1880
25,518,820.
1870
19,493,565
1860
1850
16,085,204
11,837,660
1840
8,688,532
1830
6,532,489
1820
4,896,605
•Males
to 100 females.
BY STATES (1910).
State. Male. Female.
Alabama .... 1,074,209 1,063,884
State. Male. Female.
Minnesota .... 1,108,511 967,197
State. Male. Female.
Utah 196857 176494
Arizona 118 582 85 772
Arkansas 810,025 764.424
California ... 1,322,973 1.054,576
Colorado 430,697 368,327
Connecticut . 563,641 551,115
Delaware 103,435 98,887
Missouri ...'.'.'. 1,687',838 1,6051497
Montana 226,866 149.187
Nebraska 627.782 564.432
Nevada 52,551 29,324
NewHampshire 216,290 214,282
Virginia ..'.'.'.'.' 1,035'348 1.026'264
Washington .. 658.650 483.340
West Virginia 644,044 577.075
Wisconsin 1,208,541 1,125.319
Wyoming 91,666 54.299
Florida 394166 358453
New Mexico.. '175*245 '152*056
Total 47, 332, 122 44 640 144
Georgia 1,305,019 1.304.102
Idaho 185 546 140.048
New York 4,584,581 4,529,033
North Carolina 1,098,471 1,107,816
BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.
Illinois 2911653 2,726938
North Dakota. 317,554 259.502
Indiana 1 383 299 1 317 577
Ohio 2434765 2332356
New England... 3,265 137 3.287 544
Iowa 1 148 171 1 076 600
Oklahoma .... 881 573 775 582
Middle Atlantic.9,813,181 9,502.711
Kansas 885 912 805 037
Oregon 384 255 288 510
East North Cent. 9,393. 792 8,857.829
Kentnckv 1,161.709 1.128.196
Louisiana .... 835.275 821.113
Maine 377,053 365.318
Pennsylvania.. 3,942.137 3.722,974
Rhode Island.. 270.251 272.251'
South Carolina 751.842 763,558
West North Cent.6,092, 869 5,545,052
South Atlantic..6.134,600 6.060.296
East South Cent. 4,245,170 4,164.731
Maryland 644.225 651.121
Massachusetts. 1.655.226 1.711.190
Michigan .. 1 454 534 1 355 639
South Dakota. 317.101 266,787
Tennessee 1.103,491 1.081.298
Texas 2 017 612 1 878 930
WestSouthCent.4,544,485 4,240,049
Mountain 1,478.0101.155.607
Pacific 2.366,878 1 826 426
City. Male. Female.
Albany, N. Y... 48,270 51.983
Atlanta. Ga 74.501 80.338
Baltimore, Md.. 268.195 290.290
Birmingham. Ala. 67.268 65,417
Boston. Mass... 329.703 340.882
Brldgeport.Conn. 52,549 49.505
Buffalo, N. Y... 212.502 211.213
Cambridge. Mnss. 50.161 54.67S
Chicago, 111 1,125 764 1.059,519
Cincinnati, O... 177.M1 186.080
Cleveland, O 2S9 2R2 271401
Columbus, O 91,452 90.059
Dayton, 0 58.848 57,729
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES (1910).
City. Male. Female.
Denver, Col 107,395 105.986
Detroit, Mich... 240.354 225.412
Fall River, Mass. 67.627 61.668
Or. Rapids.Mich. 55,539 57.032
Indianapolis, Ind. 116.069 117.581
Jersey Citv, N..T. 137.457 130,322
Kansas Citv.Mo. 126,414 121,967
Los Angeles, Cal. 162.669 156.529
Louisville. Ky.. 108.548 115.380
Lowell, Mnss... 51.525 54.769
Memphis, Tenn. 66.270 64.835
Milwaukee, Wis. 189.488 184.369
Miuneap's.Minn. 157,345 144.063
City. Male. Female.
Nashville. Tenn. 62.155 58.209
NewHav'n.Conn. 66,695 66.910
New Orleans.La. 163,239 175,836
New York, N.Y.2.382.482 2,384.401
Newark, N. J.. 173,389 174.080
Oakland, Cal... 78.222 71.952
Omaha, Neb 64,802 59.294
Paterson, N. -J. 62,439 63.161
Philadelphia. Pa. 760.463 788.545
Pittsburgh, Pa.. 273,589 260,316
Portland. Ore... 118.868 88.346
Providence, R.I. 110,288 114.038
Richmond. Va... 60,905 66.723
106
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
City. Male. Female. City.
Rochester. N.Y. 108,352 109.797 Scrauton. Pa....
St. Louis, Mo.. 346.068 340.961 Seattle, Wash..
St. Paul, Minn. 111,809 '02,935 Spokane, Wash,
S.Francisco, Cal. 236,901 180,011 Syracuse, N. Y.
Male. Female. City. Male. Female.
65,591 64.276 Toledo, 0 84,691 83,806
136,773 100,421 Washingt'n.D.C. 158,050 173.019
57.513 46.889 Worcester, Mass. 73.424 72.563
68.806 68.443
MEN OF VOTING AGE-
BY STATES.
State. "Total. White. Negro.
Alabama 613,111 298,943 213,923
-21 YEARS AND OVER.
City. 'Total. White. Negro.
Milwaukee, Wis 113 106 112 651 398
Minneapolis, Minn 105305 103961 1227
Arizona 74,051 65,097 764
Nashville, Tenn 30 774 28 023 9 713
Arkansas 395,824 284,301 111,365
New Haven, Conn 40510 39233 1191
California 920,397 846,207 8,143
New Orleans, La 96997 71387 25269
Colorado 271 648 264 603 4 283
New York NY 1 433 749 1 397 766 30 855
Connecticut 347,692 342,392 4,765
Newark, N. J ' 103*234 ' 99998 3*015
Delaware 61,887 52,804 9,050
Oakland, Cal 63967 49163 1238
District of Columbia. 103,761 75,765 27,621
Florida 214195 124,311 89,659
Omaha, Neb 43 216 41 263 1 885
Paterson, N. J 36 873 36 343 453
Georgia 620616 353,569 266,814
Philadelphia, Pa 468813 439654 28120
Idaho 110,863 107,469 328
Pittsburgh, Pa 166,424 156*818 9*362
Illinois 1743182 1701042 39,983
Portland, Ore ... 88 908 81 921 525
Indiana 822,434 801,431 20,651
Providence, R. 1 68,983 66*948 1765
Iowa 663 672 657,914 5,443
Richmond, Va 37,204 23911 13279
Kansas 508529 490,225 17,588
Rochester, N. Y 69,564 69217 305
Kentucky 603454 527,661 75,694
St. Louis, Mo 221,913 205065 16381
Louisiana 414919 240001 174,211
St. Paul, Minn. 72,073 70439 1573
Maine .. 235 727 234 855 476
San Francisco Cal 175 951 164 127 831
Maryland 367908 303561 63,963
Scranton, Pa 37,059 36*837 216
Massachusetts 1021669 1006431 12,591
Seattle, Wash 101 685 85 052 1 204
Michigan 870 876 862 222 6,266
Spokane, Wash 40,254 39439 305
Minnesota 642 669 636 903 3,390
Syracuse, N. Y 44713 44261 437
Mississippi 426953 192741 233701
Toledo, O 62 748 51 990 719
Missouri 973,062 919,480 52,921
Washington, D. 0 103,761 75,765 27,621
Montana 155,017 148,733 851
Worcester, Mass 45,601 45,147 384
Nebraska 353626 348,915 3,225
•Includes Indians, Chinese, etc.
NOTE — Of the native white males 21 years of
age and over in 1910, 13,211,731, or 48.9 per cent,
were of native parentage, and 4.498,966. or 16.7
per cent, were of foreign or mixed parentage.
The foreign born whites 21 years of age and over
numbered 6,646,817, or 24.6 per cent.
CITIZENSHIP OF FOREIGN BORN WHITE
MALES (1910).
Twenty-one years of age and over.
By States.
State. Naturalized. 1st papers. Alien.
Alabama 4,841 684 2,793
Arizona 6,912 1,113 14,574
Arkansas 5,284 595 1,388
California 137,274 27,708 99,940
New Hampshire 136,668 136,393 200
Nevada 40026 36,632 229
New Jersey 774702 744843 28,601
New Mexico 94637 88733 644
New York 2836773 2,783371 45,877
North Carolina 506134 357611 146,752
North Dakota 173899 171941 311
Ohio 1484265 1444477 39,188
Oklahoma 447 266 395 377 36 841
Oregon 257 188 245 343 766
Pennsylvania 2309026 2242597 64272
Rhode Island 163,834 160,412 3,067
South Carolina 335,046 165,769 169,155
South Dakota 178,189 172,722 341
Tennessee 652,668 433,431 119,142
Texas 1,003,367 835,962 166,398
Vermont 113,506 112,513 975
Virginia 623,532 363,659 159,593
Washington 441,294 422,679 3,170
West Virginia 388,349 315,498 22,757
Wisconsin 683,743 679,841 1,082
Wyoming 63,201 59,698 1,325
Colorado 35,245 6,536 19,615
Connecticut 60,608 9,103 69,431
Delaware 3,707 658 3,189
District of Columbia.. 6,474 1,058 2,304
Florida 6,959 783 7,411
Georgia 4,023 625 1,846
United States 26,999,151 24,357,514 2,458,873
•Includes 62,967 Indians, 60,421 Chinese and
56,638 Japanese.
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
City. *Total. White. Negro.
Albany NY.. ... 32,000 31 686 879
Illinois 317,339 43,482 174,581
Indiana 42,533 13,320 18,354
Iowa 90,573 6,654 20,275
Kansas 39,145 6,173 12,247
Kentucky • 13,225 815 2,764
Louisiana 10,024 1,166 9,151
Maine 14,994 1,490 23,672
Atlanta Ga 44610 30577 13,865
Maryland 24,256 3,278 13,573
Baltimore Md 163 554 137 025 26 214
Birmingham Ala 40699 24248 16441
Michigan 167,394 26,235 76550
Boston Mass .. 208 321 202 105 6 070
Minnesota 179,187 26,222 68,132
Bridgeport Conn . 32 991 32 461 471
Mississippi 2,445 257 1,233
Buffalo N Y 128 133 127 300 740
Missouri 65,612 10,117 25,835
Cambridge Mass . . 30 262 28 777 1 384
Montana 27,635 6749 16937
Chicago 111 700,690 680,950 17,845
Nebraska 67,270 9,924 12,347
Cincinnati O 113 919 106 508 7 387
Nevada . 5606 1282 4,479
Cleveland O . 177 386 173 847 3 298
New Hampshire 16,415 1,421 19,377
Columbus O 60 892 65 821 6 028
New Jersey ••• 128,438 24,511 122,076
Dayton, 0 38236 36432 1,781
New Mexico 4,267 709 6,048
Denver, Col 71990 69256 1,199
New York > 502,083 131,085 475,259
Detroit Micli 150 017 147 737 2 224
North Carolina .. 1 439 194 827
Fall River Mass . 31 647 31 441 133
North Dakota . 46 636 9 824 10,965
Grand Ranlds, Mich 34,295 34,008 264
Ohio 142,465 17,509 113,856
Indianapolis, Ind 76,743 69,141 7556
Oklahoma 12,074 1,477 4,449
Jersev Cltv N J 80,866 78617 2104
Oregon 29,675 7,591 17,430
Kansas Cftv, Mo 87,457 78,269 9101
Pennsylvania 248,827 46,416 367,766
Rhode" Island 32,040 6,314 31,996
Los Angeles. Cal 114,889 107633 2571
Louisville, Ky 67,676 63,980 13687
South Carolina 1,602 184 739
Lowell. Mass 31,300 31206 • 44
South Dakota 32,495 8,020 4,376
Memphis. Tenn... . 44.309 27.031 17.238
Tennessee .. 5.444 464 1.867
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
107
State. Naturalized. 1
Texas 43,383
it papers
6,833
2,415
1,164
859
15,258
1,353
47,708
1,937
. Allen.
37,865
9,626
9,652
4,693
43,202
22,545
42,937
8,125
City. Natu
Philadelphia, Pa...
ralized. 1st papers. Allen.
69,415 15,533 63,156
28,797 6,355 28,439
11,251 3,058 7,097
12,988 2,815 14,910
943 123 503
13,003 2,947 8,361
33,081 7,049 15,918
17,071 2,586 5,576
36,375 10,681 21,872
7,930 964 6,801
16,438 3,068 11,474
5,495 1,374 3,451
7,036 862 4,715
8,752 724 4,308
6,474 1,058 2,304
9,126 1,514 11,184
AGE AND OVER (1910).
State. Number.
New York 2,757,521
North Carolina 519,575
North Dakota.. 122,406
Ohio 1 398 341
Utah 15351
Pittsburgh Pa
Vermont 10811
Portland, Ore . .
Virginia 6,411
Providence, R. I
Washington 68895
Richmond, Va
West Virginia 7263
Rochester, N. Y
Wisconsin 142 848
St. Louis, Mo
Wyoming 6837
St Paul Minn
Total 3,034,117
570,772 2,266,535
8.6 34.1
393, or 11.7 per
21 years of age
s.
it papers. Alien.
462 • 1,661
193 565
2,664 9,559
186 839
10,438 40,516
1,038 8,136
4,413 16,255
1,189 5,866
31,585 124.653
1,733 6,250
7,826 40,221
414 2,349
396 2,964
2,102 3,801
7,271 28,733
732 • 10,594
1,016 3,301
1,189 1,795
3,067 14,404
890 2,564
2,730 8,662
380 1,152
427 9,897
197 808
9,887 14,435
5,427 10,305
80 170
1,426 7,693
595 3,703
106,525 339,473
4,982 19,201
2,004 5,968
2,103 2,868
1,387 6,029
Scranton. Pa
Per cent 45.6
Seattle, Wash
NOTE — The citizenship of 775,
cent, of the foreign born males
and over was not reported.
By Principal Citit
City. Naturalized. 1
Albany, N. Y 4 827
Spokane, Wash
Syracuse, N. Y
Toledo, O
Washington, D. C
WOMEN 21 YEARS OP
State. Number.
Alabama 501,959
Atlanta, Ga 1011
Baltimore, Md 16643
Birmingham, Ala 1,179
Boston, Mass 47,791
Bridgeport, Conn 6,563
Buffalo, N. Y 29,409
Arizona 43,891
Arkansas 351,994
California ... 671,386
Colorado 213,425
Connecticut . 335,131
Delaware 58,442
Dlst. Columbia 116,148
Florida 178,685
Cambridge. Mass 7,162
Chicago, 111 190,693
Oklahoma ' 356', 194
Cincinnati, 0 17,253
Cleveland, 0 40482
Pennsylvania... 2,114,'o08
Rhode Island.. 166.391
South Carolina 343,958
South Dakota.. 134,187
Tennessee 542,408
Texas 884,218
Utah 85 729
Columbus, 0 4,453
Denver, Col 10,959
Georgia 613,149
Detroit, Mich 32 891
Illinois 1,567|491
Indiana 770,658
Pall River, Mass 8,368
Grand Rapids, Mich. .. 7,758
Iowa 603,644
Kansas 438,934
Kentucky 679,756
Louisiana 395,354
Maine 225 73fi
Vermont 106,883
Virginia 618.473
Washington ... 277,727
West Virginia. 284,969
Wisconsin .... 611,157
Jersey City N J 16 556
Kansas City, Mo 6953
Los Angeles, Oal 14,097
Louisville Ky 6,704
Maryland 373,819
Massachusetts.. 1,074,485
Michigan 786,033
Lowell, Mass 7,028
Unit'd States. 24,555,754
White 22,059,236
Milwaukee Wis 26,155
Minnesota 612,411
Mississippi 412,941
Missouri 896,152
Montana 81,741
Minneapolis, Minn 23,462
Native par-
entage 12,484.481
Foreign par-
ent:ige* ... 4,567,647
Foreign born.. 6,007,108
Nopo 2,427,742
Nashville Tenn 951
New Orleans, La 6,138
New York. N. Y 318,091
Newark, N. J 21,427
Nebraska 298,040
Nevada 18,140
New Hampshire 135,372
Oakland. Oal 10,237
Omaha, Neb 7,079
Paterson, N. J 9,817
New Mexico.... 73,152
* Foreign or mixed pa
Other 8,607
rentage.
MALES OF MILITIA AGE— 18 TO 44 YEARS (1910).
State.
Number.
401,145
68,962
311,792
665,522
203,982
267,996
44,634
78,349
171,688
497,095
86,384
1,330,556
580,557
475,829
State.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts. . .
Michigan
Number.
370,227
457,493
338,343
161,325
271,373
760,324
616,729
491,113
345,745
721,166
123,232
267,497
29,383
90,357
State.
New Jersey
New Mexico....
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota..
Ohio
Number.
. 597,513
73,097
. 2,156,361
. 392,192
. 145,628
. 1,076,928
State. Number.
Texas 804,980
Utah ... 84 449
Arkansas
Vermont 73,'685
Virginia 398,728
Washington 340,872
West Virginia.. 275,048
Wisconsin 497,922
Wyoming 64,654
California
Colorado
Connecticut . . .
Delaware
Dist. Columbia
Florida
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania. ..
Rhode Island..
South Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee
*Per cent of
357,933
. 190,553
. 1,788,619
. 125,213
. 276,788
. 140,635
. 423,088
total pop
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Georgia
Idaho
United States. 20,473,684
Total in 1900..16,182,702
Per cent 1910* 22.3
Per cent 1900* 21.3
ilation.
Illinois
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
Indiana
POPULATION BY AGE PERIODS.
Age period. Total.
Under 5 years .,10,631,364
Under 1 year 2,217,342
6 to 9 years 9,760,632
10 to 14 years 9,107,140
15 to 19 years 9,063,603
20 to 24 years 9,056,984
25 to 29 years 8,180,003
SO to 34 years 6,972,185
35 to 39 years 6,396,100
40 to 44 years 6,261,587
46 to 49 years 4,469.197
BO to 54 years 3,900,791
Male.
6,380,596
1,123,409
4,924,123
4,601,753
4,527,282
4,580,290
4,244,348
3,656,768
3,367.016
2.786, S50
2,378.916
2,110,018
Female.
5,250,768
1,093,933
4,836,509
4,505,387
4,536,321
4,476,694
3,935,655
3.315.417
3.029.0S4
2,475,237
2.090,281
1,790,778
Age period. Total.
65 to 59 years 2,786,951
60 to 64 years 2,267,150
65 to 69 years 1,679,503
70 to 74 years 1,113,728
75 to 79 years 667,302
80 to 84 years 321,754
85 to 89 years 122,818
90 to 94 years 33,473
95 to 99 years 7,391
100 years and over... 3,555
Age unknown 169,055
Male.
1,488,437
1,185,966
863,994
561,644
331,280
153,745
56,335
14,553
3,045
1,380
114,443
Female.
1,298,514
1,081,184
815,509
552,084
336,022
168,009
66,483
18,920
4,346
2,175
54,612
All ages 91,972,266 47,332,277 44,639,989
108
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
URBAN AND RURAL, POPULATION BY AGE
(1910).
Population. Pet. of total.
Age period. Urban. Rural. Urbau. Rural.
Under 5 years... 4.200,291 6,431,073 9.9 13.0
6 to 9 years 3,773,917 5,986,715 8.9 12.1
Age period. White. Negro. Indian.
Under 5 years 9 322 914 1 263 288 40 384
5 to 9 years 8 475 173 1 246 553 36 541
10 to 14 years 7 918 408 1 155 266 31 393
15 to 19 years 7 968 391 1 060 416 28 486
20 to 24 years 7,986,411 1,030,795 21,844
10 to 14 years . 3 627,408 5,479,732 8.5 11.1
25 to 29 years 7,257,136 881,227 18,137
15 to 19 years... 4,003,271 5,060,332 9.4 10.3
30 to 34 years 6,267,276 668,089 15,243
20 to 24 years .. 4,570,558 4,486,426 10.7 9.1
35 to 39 years 5,731,845 633,449 14,834
25 to 29 years . 4,338,392 3,841,611 10.2 7.8
40 to 44 years 4,780,272 455,413 11,961
30 to 34 years . 3 697 202 3 274,983 8.7 6.6
45 to 49 years 4,061,062 385,909 9,887
35 to 44 years... 6,133,259 5,524,428 14.4 11.2
45 to 54 years... 4,185,722 4,184,266 9.8 8.5
55 to 64 years... 2,302,142 2,751,959 5.4 5.6
65 years and over. 1,693,010 2,256,514 4.0 4.6
5 to 14 years 7,401,325 11,466,447 17.4 23.2
15 to 24 years... 8,573,829 9,546,758 20.1 19.3
25 to 44 years. ..14,168,853 12,641,022 33.2 25.6
45 to 64 years... 6,487,864 6,9S6,225 15.2 14.1
50 to 54 years 3 555 313 326 070 9 343
65 to 59 years 2 564 206 209 622 7 171
60 to 64 years 2,069,323 186'502 6,524
65 to 69 years 1549954 123550 4482
70 to 74 years 1 030 884 78 839 3 382
75 to 79 years 620,992 44,018 2105
80 to 84 years 294555 25579 1565
85 to 89 years 110,936 11,166 691
All ages .. 42 623 383 49 348 883 46.3 53.7
95 to 99 years 4,757 2,447 187
AGE PERIODS BY COLOR (1910).
Age period. White. Negro. Indian.
Under 1 year 1,955,605 252,386 8,216
100 years and over.. 764 2,675 116
Age unknown 134224 31040 949
All ages 81,731,957 9,827,763 265,683
POPULATION BY MARH
UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— ALL AGES.
Male. Female.
Condition. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
CAL CONDITION (1910).
Di-
Single. Married. Widowed, vorced.
45 to 64— Male... 722,701 5,771,630 598.642 58.177
Female 499,564 4,383,497 1,324,838 47,134
Single 27,455,607 58.0 23,522,121 52.7
65 and over— Male 123,322 1,303.768 539,058 13,075
Female 124,223 687,335 1,140,558 6903
Married 18,093,498 38.2 17,688,169 39.6
Widowed 1,471,472 3.1 3,176,426 7.1
MARITAL CONDITION BY NATIVITY AND
COLOR.
Population 15 Years of Age and Over.
Wid- Dl-
State and sex. Single. Married, owed. vorced.
Native white— Nat.
par'ntage— Male. 6,185, 324 9.144,099 728,883 87,456
Female 4,644,122 9,219,385 1,523,560 100,053
Native white— For-
eign or mixed par-
entage—Male ..2,906,0422,677.706 160,779 24.688
Female 2,453,0173,008,623 382318 30206
Divorced 156176 0.3 185101 0.4
Not reported 155 524 0.3 68,172 0.2
POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER.
Male. Female.
Condition. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Single 12,550,129 38.7 8,933,170 29.7
Married 18,092,600 55.8 17,684,687 58.9
Widowed 1,471,390 4.5 3,176,228 10.6
Divorced 156,162 0.5 185,068 0.6
Not reported 155,524 0.5 68,172 0.2
MARITAL CONDITION BY AGE PERIODS.
Di-
Age period. Single. Married. Widowed. vorced.
15 to 19— Male... 4, 448,067 51,877 1,110 347
Female 3,985,764 513,239 10261 3650
Foreign born white
Male 2,2689164432135 384726 23,059
Female 994,110 3,624,003 800,112 20,542
Negro— Male 1,083,472 1,749,228 189,970 20,146
Female 823 996 1 775 949 459 831 33 286
20 to 24— Male... 3, 432, 161 1,100,093 18,815 6,732
Female 2,163,683 2,225,362 65,354 20,370
Indian— Male 27,391 46,154 5,319 679
Female 16324 49,095 10,071 959
25 to 34— Male... 2,767, 957 4,964,769 110,431 34,571
Chinese— Male ... 34,330 26,449 1,139 45
Female 680 2.016 229 5
Female 1,516,726 5,443,894 224327 57,262
35 to 44— Male... 1,026,502 4,873,153 198,701 42,688
Female 628,516 4,410,310 411,896 49,269
Japanese— Male .. 42,688 15,918 495 86
Female . 908 5,581 96 17
FOREIGN BORN POPULATIOI
TOTAL FOREIGN BORN. *Pct. in-
Country of birth. 1910. 1900. crease.
Northwestern Europe.... 6,740,400 7,016,311 —3.9
Great Britain 1,221,283 1,167,623 4.6
* OF THE UNITED STATES.
*Pct. In-
Country of birth. 1910. 1900. crease.
Balkan peninsula 220,946
Roumania . 65 923 15 032 338."
England 877,719 840,513 4.4
Bulgaria .. . 11,498
Scotland 261,076 233,524 11.8
Serbia . . 4,639
Wales 82,488 93,586 —11.9
Ireland 1,352,251 1,615,459 —16.3
Greece 101,282 8,515 1089.5
Germany 2,501,333 2,813,628 —11.1
Turkey in Europe 32,230 9,910
Scandinavian countries.. 1,250,733 1,072,092 16.7
Norway 403,877 336,388 20.1
Sweden 665.207 582,014 14.3
Denmark 181,649 153,690 18.2
Netherlands 120,063 94,931 26.5
Europe 11,791,841 8,871.780 32.9
China 56,756 81,534 —30.4
Japan 67,744 24,788 173.3
India 4,664 2,031 129.6
Belgium 49,400 29,757 66.0
Luxemburg 3,071 3,031 1.3
France 117,418 104,197 12.7
Switzerland 124.848 115.593 8.0
Southern and Eastern Eu-
rope 5,048,583 1,832.894 175.4
Other Asiatic 2.591 11.895 —78.2
Asia 191,484 120,248 59.2
Canada— Newfoundland . 1,209,717 1,179,922 2.5
Canada — French 385,083 395,126 — 2.5
Canada Other 819 554 784 796 4 4
Portugal 59,360 30,608 93.9
West Indies 47 635 25 435 87 3
Spain 22,108 7.050 213.6
Cuba 15 133 11 081 36 6
Italy 1.343,125 484,027 177.5
•Other West Indies 32,502 14,354 126.4
Mexico 221,915 103.393 114.6
Russia and Finland 1,732,462 640,743 170.4
Finland 129,680 67,039 107.0
Central America 1,736 3.897 —55.5
South America 8,228 4.733 73.8
Austria-Hungary 1,670,582 637.009 162.3
America 1,489,231 1,317.380 13.0
Hungary .. . 495.609 145,714 240.1
Africa 3,992 2,538 57.3
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
109
•Pet. in-
Country of birth. 1910. 1900. crease.
Australia ... 9035 6897 32.7
POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR PAR-
ENTAGE BY STATES (1910).
Parentage. •
Foreign fMixed
State. born. 'Foreign, foreign.
Alabama 19286 32417 2829
Atlantic islands 18,274 9,768 87.1
Pacific islands 2,415 2,013 20.0
Country not specified 2,687 2,546 5.5
Born at sea 6,927 8,196 —15.5
Arizona 48,765 42,176 2,206
Total foreign born 13,515,886 10,341,276 30.7
•Minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.
NOTE — The figures for Europe include 2,858
from countries not specified in 1910 and 22,575 in
1900. Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro were in-
cluded under "country not specified" in 1900.
Arkansas 17,046 36,608 2,414
California 586432 635889 61244
Colorado 129 587 181 428 14 683
Connecticut 329574 374489 20720
Delaware 17492 25873 1666
District of Columbia. 24,902 45,066 3,031
Florida 40,633 35,825 2,863
Turkey in Europe and Turkey in Asia were com-
bined in the 1900 census. Newfoundland was in-
cluded with Canada in 1900 census.
POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR PAR-
ENTAGE (1910). Both one
Foreign parents parent
Country of origin. born. foreign, foreign.
Austria 1 174 924 709 070 117 565
Georgia 15,477 25671s 1698
Idaho 42 578 75 195 6 834
Illinois 1,205,'314 1,723*847 99*659
Indiana 159,663 350551 14293
Iowa 273,765 632181 30169
Kansas * 135,450 292105 17433
Kentucky 40162 124704 5597
Louisiana 52,766 112717 8146
Maine 110562 134955 6101
Belgium .... . . 49397 26448 13419
Maryland 104,944 191838 7994
Bulgaria* .. 21 451 948 2&6
Massachusetts 1,059,245 1,170447 80901
Canada — French 385 083 330 976 216 179
Michigan 597,550 964882 69997
Canada — Other .. . 810 987 859 204 704 099
Minnesota 543,595 941 136 56 828
Denmark .... 181 621 147 648 70 795
Missouri 229799 518201 27483
England 87(5455 592285 853702
Montana 94,713 106809 9137
France 117236 78937 96,216
Nebraska 176 662 362 353 19 177
Germany 2 501 181 3 911 847 1 869 590
Nevada 19,691 20951 2256
Greece 101,264 5,524 2,877
New Hampshire 96,667 103,117 4,328
Hungary . . 495 600 191 059 13 568
New Jersey 660,788 777797 52982
Ireland ... . 1352155 2141577 1010628
New Mexico 23,146 26331 1351
Italy 1343070 695187 60103
New York 2,748,011 3007248 20476?
Mexico 219802 107866 54333
North Carolina 6 092 8 851 416
Netherlands 120053 116331 57190
North Dakota 156,654 251 236 16 429
Norway 403858 410951 164290
Ohio * 598,374 1,024393 53139
Portugal 57623 41680 11819
Oklahoma 40,442 94044 5293
Roumanla 65,920 20707 1094
Oregon 113,136 135238 12*323
Russia — Finland 1732421 949316 70938
Pennsylvania 1,442374 1806267 104*223
Scotland 261034 175391 223238
Rhode Island 179,141 194 646 12*688
Spain 21,977 4387 6770
South Carolina 6,179 11137 *592
Sweden 665,183 546,788 152244
South Dakota 100,790 217491 12577
Switzerland 124,834 90669 86147
Tennessee 18,607 38367 2*456
Turkey in Asia 59,702 17,480 1449
Texas 241,938 361914 13*143
Turkey in Europe 32,221 2,560 533
\yales 82,479 84934 81534
Utah 65,822 131527 16*675
Vermont 49,921 75055 3*235
Other for. countries..- 88,014 31,362 40,919
Mixed for. parentagef 1,177,092
Virginia 27,057 37943 2*262
Washington 256,241 282528 26*223
Total 13,345,545 12916311 5981526
•Includes Serbia and Montenegro.
tParenta born in different foreign countries.
NOTK — The above table Includes white residents
of the United States born abroad (foreign born),
those having both parents born in the country
specified (both parents foreign) and those having
one parent born In the country specified and the
other in the United States (one parent foreign).
FOREIGN BORN POPULJ
Classified by cc
Cana
State. Austria. Belgium. 'Bulgaria. French.
Alabama 904 45 106 96
Total 13,515,886 18897837 1177092
•Native white persons having both parents
born in same country, or one parent born In
foreign country and the other in the United
States. fNative whites whose parents were born
in different foreign countries.
ITION BY STATES (1910).
untry of origin,
da. .
Other. China. tCuba.Denm'rk.Engrnd.Finl'nd.
737 44 230 197 2.365 - 38
1,650 1,016 37 884 3,500 560
955 44 27 178 1,519 16
41,568 27,764 854 14,209 48.703 6,159
8.792 320 99 2,756 12,928 1,239
7,868 385 341 2,724 22,463 776
441 29 34 52 1,558 9
1.052 270 243 176 2,638 21
1,577 156 17,050 295 3,078 89
731 174 226 112 1,671 49
4,575 773 13 2,254 4,983 652
38,311 1,560 651 17,369 60.363 2,390
5.049 196 82 900 "9,783 215
10,675 76 76 17,961 16,788 140
6,101 16 ' 74 2,760 11,262 49
972 34 42 78 2,619 18
941 346 630 239 2.086 118
41,210 65 80 929 5,651 831
1,320 299 453 237 5,211 47
162,710 1.873 2,287 3,405 92,658 10,744
144,780 187 150 6,315 42,737 31,144
30,059 249 112 16,137 12,139 26,637
7,290 452 272 1,729 13,760 120
10,968 1,098 39 1,943 8,981 4,111
Arizona 1,483 50 371 177
Arkansas 1,268 111 17 119
California 17,165 1,464 880 3,109
Colorado 13.043 375 609 789
Connecticut ....23,642 330 59 18,889
Dist. Columbia. 459 41 10 109
Florida 228 60 14 151
Georgia 349 27 6 70
Id;iho 1561 94 576 796
Illinois 163025 9,399 1,875 7440
Indiana 11,831 2,298 576 789
Iowa 15,967 929 635 944
Kansas 12,094 1,703 118 1,087
Kentucky 1 032 73 77 98
Louisiana 1597 292 25 250
Maine 831 30 32 35013
Maryland .. 8 254 59 31 110
Massachusetts . 35.455 1,745 169 134.659
Michigan 31034 5683 375 28083
Minnesota 37.121 1,557 2,421 11.062
Missouri 16222 1,000 451 779
Montana 8,350 235 2,155 2,874
110
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
State.
, Canada. -
Austria. Belgium. *Bulgaria.French. Other.
Nebraska 24,362 491 183 674
Nevada 822 26 178 272
New Hampshire 2,438 175 21 40,865
New Jersey 56,779 1,867 122 1,203
New Mexico 1,233 44 167 111
New York 245,004 3,484 1,033 24,563
North Carolina.. 139 6 2 29
North Dakota... 5,149 229 268 2,376
Ohio 72,887 1,525 1,697 2,310
Oklahoma 3,889 191 115 320
Oregon 5,241 573 1,095 1,146
Pennsylvania ..251,774 6,250 1,407 1,246
Rhode Island.... 6,130 959 50 34,087
South Carolina. 222 97 1 39
South Dakota... 5,372 237 501 998
Tennessee 637 27 11 91
Texas 20,570 328 240 356
Utah 1,870 74 346 114
Vermont 1,087 '25 2 14,643
Virginia 1,281 48 10 104
Washington .... 12,745 1,228 1,647 3,711
West Virginia.. 8,360 800 100 88
Wisconsin 38,692 4,020 393 7,992
Wyoming 3,966 82 331 143
China. tCuba.Denm'rk.Engl'nd.Finl'nd.
State.
Alabama 692
Arizona 323
Arkansas 387
California 17,407
Colorado 1,374
Connecticut .... 2,619
Delaware 170
Dist. Columbia. 611
Florida 285
Georgia 224
Idaho 333
Illinois , 7,972
Indiana 2,388
Iowa 1,618
•Including Serbia and Montenegro. tAnd other West Indies.
France. Germany. Greece. Hungary. Ireland. Italy. Japan. Mexico.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts. .
Michigan
Minnesota
2,657
645
5,345
290
552
6,926
2,421
1,460
Missouri 2,794
Montana 639
Nebraska 639
Nevada 653
New Hampshire 169
New Jersey 6,240
N«w Mexico 326
New York 23,472
North Carolina. 114
North Dakota... 265
Ohio 4,838
Oklahoma 749
Oregon 1,159
Pennsylvania .. 10,003
Rhode Island.... 1,711
South Carolina.. 70
South Dakota... 252
Tennessee 305
Texas 1,821
Dtah 303
Vermont 219
Virginia 300
Washington .... 2,340
West Virginia... 535
Wisconsin ...
Wyoming
1,396
316
3,603
1,846
5,815
76,307
17,071
31,127
2,573
5,179
2,446
3,029
5,049
319,199
62,179
98,759
34,508
19,351
8,926
1,282
36,657
30,555
131,586
109,628
88,226
8,669
57,302
1,916
2,046
122,880
1,746
436,911
1,074
16,572
175,095
10,090
17,958
195,202
4,459
1,744
21,544
3,903
44,929
3,963
798
4,228
29,388
6,327
233,384
2,638
633
10
179
372
2,272
1,074
34
342
886
941
1,843
10,031
1,370
3,356
1,410
273
237
579
463
11,413
1,196
1,660
2,790
1,905
3,469
1,061
2,634
1,575
167
10,097
174
1,083
2,555
590
3,555
4,221
951
282
231
374
756
4,039
113
721
4,187
787
2,764
1,915
585
22
285
799
1,632
13,855
247
155
79
230
202
39,859
14,370
1,178
1,078
725
397
157
2,089
1,996
11,597
6,582
11,532
1,486
1,453
44
66
47,610
209
96,843
37
2,855
348
1,160
123, 49S
294
40
594
376
926
171
539
1,784
1,160
5,939
10,554
437
State.
Alabama 4
Arizona 29
Arkansas 1
California 22,539
.Portugal. Roumania. Russia. Scotland.
Colorado
Connecticut ...
Delaware
Dist. Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois .......
43
707
1
2
30
23
49
291
108
16
38
1,120
334
718
39
41
323
85
19
4,306
1,531
311
760
16,610
13,618
54,121
3,429
3,393
547
3,224
743
149,016
1,120
576
442
13,695
4.269
6,750
344
705
606
527
1,282
20,755
6,661 89 47 13,674 8.009 79
1.575 760 16 616 1.793 174
17,013 53 40 131 4,862 1,198
7,932 932 1,917 5,059 50,375 1,640
912 202 25 116 1,101 26
98,988 4,482 17,483 12,544 146,870 8,760
614 61 43 36 940 ' 18
19,131 30 9 5,355 3,070 1,186
21,382 398 245 1,837 43,347 3,988
2,551 127 66 550 2,981 18
11,263 6,468 68 3,215 7,998 4,734
14,737 1,468 2,105 3,034 109,115 2,413
7,867 215 316 328 27,834 297
243 46 69 51 517 42
6,012 98 17 6,294 4,024 1,381 4
1,065 40 71 163 2,045 21
3,178 492 359 1,289 8,498 160
1.576 311 9 8,300 18,083 1,012
11,415 7 37 172 2,464 293
1,256 126 233 240 3,687 60
35,771 2,301 175 7,804 19,430 8,709
784 62 46 67 3,511 127
17,004 163 54 16,454 13,959 6,705
1,288 204 _ 38 962 2.985 1,380
Nether- Nor-
lands, way.
1,167 2,696 "5 81 127 266
1,159 699 284 14,172 23 123
1,079 1,699 9 132 145 76
44,476 22,777 10,264 8,086 1,016 5,060
8,710 14,375 2,245 2,602 710 1,787
68,458 66,954 65 19 304 1,265
3,985 2,893 4 2 20 38
6,347 2,761 44 26 64 149
1.069 4,538 46 145 85 304
1,655 545 5 25 62 145
1,782 2,067 1,330 133 261 2,566
93,455 72,163 274 672 14,402 32,913
11,266 6,911 41 47 2,131 b31
17,756 5,845 33 620 11,337 21,924
8,100 3,520 111 8,429 906 1,294
5,914 1,316 11 28 140 53
3,757 20,333 30 1,025 113 295
7,890 3,468 12 28 27 580
9,705 6,969 23 10 203 363
222,867 85,056 150 71 1,597 6,432
20,434 16,861 56 86 33,471 7,638
15,859 9,669 67 62 3,542 105,303
23,297 12,984 100 1,413 988 660
9,469 6,592 1,566 67 1,054 7,170
8,124 3,799 583 290 872 2,750
1,702 2,831 855 732 44 255
10,613 2,071 1 6 48 491
82,758 115,446 193 97 12,698 5,35]
644 1,959 254 11,918 86 151
367,889 472,201 1,163 555 12,652 25,013
306 521 2 10 28 39
2,498 1,262 68 8 709 45,937
40,062 41,620 70 85 2,278 1,110
1,801 2,564 47 2,744 230 351
4,995 5,538 3,277 199 618 6,843
165,109 196,122 181 153 1,231 2,320
29,718 27,287 30 8 143 578
676 316 7 2 19 82
2,980 1,158 38 15 2,656 20,918
2,296 2,034 8 45 78 89
6,357 7,190 316 125,016 424 1,785
1,657 3,117 2,050 166 1,392 2,305
4,940 4,594 3 6 25 102
2,450 2,449 14 12 99 311
10,180 13,121 12,177 145 2,157 12,177
2,292 17.292 4 10 60 38
14,049 9,273 34 39 7,379 67,000
1,359 1,961 1.575 188 79 623
Turkey Turkey
Spain. Sweden . Switzerland. (Asia) . (Europe) .Wales.
74
857
9
4,229
177
92
5
51
4,199
91
1,047
364
753
845
385
26.212
12,446
18,208
332
359
729
289
4,985
115,424
213
314
804
14,521
1,167
1,806
78
281
146
169
1,319
8,661
389
128
169
3,709
333
1,738
10
139
291
376
73
2,690
128
44
45
812
217
41
744
99
129
2,453
230
210
148
2.416
1,989
616
34
87
S3
89
722
4,091
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Ill
State. Portugal.
Indiana 6
RoumanU
709
384
67
100
111
20
220
858
510
2,008
1,522
266
295
8
26
2,208
6
34,443
7
1,070
3,974
27
258
7,762
415
9
65
77
259
18
17
72
211
259
446
67
BORN II
. Boston.
2,413
682
36
3,098
47,802
819
1,070
1.031
13,671
455
1,081
8,701
1,497
426
66,041
31,380
61
24
486
1,914
1,296
373
41,892
5,062
268
7,123
415
2,088
623
315
1,222
t. Russia.
9,599
6,310
15,311
3,222
1,805
4,752
27,537
117,261
37,978
17,541
21,402
2,228
13,020
135
4,345
93,567
228
558,956
711
31,910
48,756
6,807
5,321
240,985
9,765
786
13,189
2,484
6,739
568
2,455
4.379
10,961
6,143
29,644
763
f CIT1E
Buffalo.
9,284
37
10
566
16,868
67
46
200
7,070
58
684
43,815
220
2,742
9.423
11,399
12
20
314
253
12
106
11,349
1,978
24
1,021
639
207
97
217
262
Scotland.
3,419
6,162
3,591
641
455
2,389
1,955
28,416
9,952
4,373
3,651
3,373
2,242
469
1,979
17,512
509
39,437
435
1,696
10,705
1,218
3,387
32,046
6,272
239
1,102
561
2,038
2,853
2,615
1,246
7.101
1,088
3,885
1,812
Turkey Turkey
Spain. Sweden. Switzerland. (Asia). (Europe). Wales.
40 6,081 2,765 809 2,274 1,498
40 26,763 3,675 600 479 2,434
282 13,309 2,853 287 287 1,615
24 190 1,653 369 65 222
719 344 421 949 196 82
111 2,203 56 744 , 721 204
84 421 452 80 44 583
649 39,562 1,341 12,546 3,592 1,513
63 26,374 2,780 1,567 342 786
53 122,428 2,992 698 628 1,023
266 6,654 6,141 1,084 1,000 1,219
49 6,412 988 201 491 884
21 23,219 2,150 672 247 824
778 708 468 25 15 168
17 2,068 78 891 1,965 68
495 10,547 7,549 2,396 389 1,202
100 365 172 123 17 93
3,766 63,705 16,315 9,478 6,004 7,464
8 112 ' 68 402 107 35
13 12,160 560 392 270 222
123 5,522 10,988 2,031 1,935 9,377
47 1,028 770 376 135 365
462 10,099 3,853 197 553 585
354 23,467 7,484 4,486 2,754 29,255
40 7,405 221 3,132 658 268
14 95 36 263 43 11
5 9,998 800 246 238 603
26 363 800 159 20 252
848 4,706 1,773 1,125 137 301
24 7,227 1,691 215 146 1,672
351 1,331 214 189 31 1,043
69 368 246 484 144 225
385 32,199 3,447 423 728 1,976
464 279 600 726 420 880
34 25,739 8,036 791 397 2,507
120 2,497 251 151 262 419
Louisiana 73
Maine 82
Massachusetts.. 26,437
Minnesota 16
Missouri 44
Nebraska 7
New Hampshire 110
New Jersey 145
New Mexico 10
New York 660
North Carolina. 20
North Dakota... 3
Ohio 182
Pennsylvania . 225
Rhode Island... 6,501
South Carolina. 3
South Dakota.. 2
Tennessee 2
Virginia 86
Washington .... 179
West Virginia. 3
Wisconsin, 9
FOREIGN
Bulti
Country of birth. mow
,S OF 250.000 OB
Oin-
Chicago. cinnati.
132,063 1,638
2,665 24
515 184
4,633 73
26,688 887
1,335 18
393 40
11.484 79
27,912 1,872
1,191 10
3,036 665
182,289 28,426
6,564 180
28,938 6,344
65,965 6,224
45,169 2,245
220 «
188 15
9,632 322
24,186 37
50 8
3,344 454
121,786 4,999
10,306 458
243 20
63,035 114
3,494 696
1,175 245
711 280
1,818 177
2,400 121
MORE
Cleve-
land.
42,059
90
46
671
8,794
155
71
448
11,420
499
494
41,408
275
31,503
11,316
10,836
16
18
1,076
512
3
761
25,477
2,880
28
1,657
1.373
497
251
1,298
339
INHABITANTS (1910).
Jersey Los 1
Detroit. City. Angeles
14,160 4,978 2,510
2,237 173 213
65 7 116
4,166 107 692
38,648 1,010 7,686
24 132 1,481
58 212 119
411 346 1,096
9,038 4,632 7,681
59 681 261
636 596 1,916
44,675 16,131 9,684
585 179 361
5,935 1,084 820
5,584 16,124 3,878
6,724 12,060 3,802
28 5 3,931
27 14 6,632
584 243 408
225 1,360 1,003
5 25 128
313 196 • 297
16,644 13,667 4,758
3,320 1,668 1,589
18 72 384
601 1,280 3,414
595 653 828
561 103 385
125 38 120
170 139 414
311 172 726
Milwau-
kee.
11,553
86
64
218
1,671
39
31
619
2,086
110
251
64,816
1,104
6,571
1,966
3,374
Belgium 28
Bulgaria* 14
Canada— French 45
Canada— Other 752
China • 245
Cubaf 355
Denmark 132
Kngland 2,698
Finland 36
Germany 26,024
Greece 347
Hungary 1,358
Ireland 6,806
Italy 5,043
12
615
2,144
1
267
11,992
647
21
787
833
78
147
231
195
Netherlands .... 106
Norway 199
Portugal 26
Russia 24,803
Scotland 618
Spain 49
Sweden 237
Switzerland .... 228
Turkey (Asia)... 60
Turkey (Europe) 24
Wales 99
All other 309
Total 77,662
Country of birth.
Austria
243,365
Minne-
apolis.
. 6,075
118,689
New
Orleans
645
91
5
101
387
219
468
117
1,356
34
3,671
6,122
175
783.428
New
York.
190,246
2,260
540
2,844
23,476
3,936
16,415
7,997
78,483
7.410
18,293
278,137
8,038
56,859
Newark.
12,963
70
10
199
1,126
194
183
360
6,698
69
697
22,177
297
196,170
•Phila-
delphia
19,860
478
100
301
3,735
866
1,529
1,119
36,564
226
2,659
61,480
589
157,534
Pitts-
burgh.
21,400
100
71
86
1,741
197
124
110
9,528
70
885
29,438
773
77,987
St.
Louis.
11,171
353
165
260
2,256
351
141
441
5,226
46
1.218
47,766
1.312
66,133
S. Fran-
cisco.
9,641
448
160
474
6,701
6,914
291
3,119
9,821
1,846
6,252
24,137
2.275
111,529
Wash.,
D. O.
459
41
10
109
1,052
270
243
176
2,638
21
511
5,179
342
Belgium
.. 63
, 235
Canada — French
. 1,637
., 5,905
China
92
Cub'af ...
24
.. 2,030
England
. 2,799
Finland
.1 875
France ... . .
293
• 8 650
Greece ...
463
•Including Serbia and Montenegro. fAnd other West Indies.
112
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Minne-
New
New ,
Phila-
Pitts-
St.
S. Fran- Wash..
Couutry of blrt
.h.
apolis. I
Drleans,
, York.
Newark. <
delphia.
burgh.
Louis.
Cisco.
D. C.
Hungary
.. 1,176
90
76,627
6,029
12,495
6,576
8,759
1,247
155
Ireland
.. 2,867
2,996
252,672
11,225
83,196
18,873
14,272
23,153
5,347
Italy
.. 653
8,066
340,770
20,494
45,308
14,120
7,594
16,919
2,761
Japan
33
20
957
10
87
27
43
4,191
44
Mexico
14
289
426
10
59
17
180
1,792
26
Netherlands ....
209
43
4,193
202
349
109
422
500
64
Norway
16,402
181
22.281
190
1,144
117
204
3,769
149
Portugal
36
431
8
54
2
14
593
2
Roumania
1,412
93
33,586
1,160
4,413
1,521
1,055
583
41
Russia
5,654
1,254
484,193
21,912
90,697
26,391
15,481
4,643
3,393
Scotland
, 1,060
257
23,123
2,547
9,177
3,283
1,313
3,669
705
Spain
21
453
3,359
54
200
23
227
1,177
51
, 26,478
160
34,952
782
2,429
1,355
1,129
6,970
359
Switzerland
299
247
10,452
779
2,013
1,007
2,653
2,587
281
Turkey (Asia)...
219
192
6,160
127
973
452
730
320
139
Turkey (Europe)
61
46
3,690
48
525
79
«38
402
41
Wales
213
20
1,779
106
1,033
2,159
197
402
87
AH other
187
499
6,626
281
1,049
290
406
3,302
206
Total
. 86,099
28,333
1,944,357
111.007
384,707
140,924
126,223
142,298
24,902
FOREIGN
BORN
IN CITIES OF 100,000
TO 250,000
INHABITANTS
(1910).
tScandi
City. '.
Potal.
Austria.
Canada,
,*England
.Germany.]
Hungary.
Ireland.
Italy.
navia.
:fRussia.
Albany, N. Y...
18,218
586
959
I,6b2
4,620
67
4,545
2,205
188
2,460
Atlanta, Ga
4,501
113
256
595
729
92
302
95
102
1,342
Birniiug'm,Ala.
5,730
134
239
1,343
706
78
309
1,360
183
692
Bridgep't.Conn.
36,264
3,858
1,277
3,901
2,811
6,975
6,085
5.022
2,200
4,142
Camb'ge, Mass. .
35,328
156
10,172
2,851
728
102
10,637
1,545
2,131
3,735
Columbus, O
16,363
818
696
1,335
5,722
970
1,809
1,619
168
1,534
Dayton, O
13,892
660
407
620
6,817
2,761
976
356
80
1,527
Denver, Col....
39,749
1,698
3,492
5,920
6,636
465
3,965
2,664
6,029
5,627
FallRiver.Mass.
50,958
2,614
16,260
11,964
234
3
5,194
1,025
189
2,182
G.Raplds.Mlcli..
28,387
549
3,221
1,148
4,546
209
871
319
1,366
3,622
Indianap's.Ind..
19,842
1,227
848
1,628
7,518
852
3,255
658
436
1,255
KansasOity.Mo.
25,466
671
1,760
2,927
5,354
332
3,267
2,579
2,666
3,431
Louisville, Ky..
17,473
316
371
938
8,471
441
2,700
654
137
2,014
Lowell, Mass. ..
43,494
1,948
16,342
5,751
205
24
9,983
259
772
1.886
Memphis, Tenn.
6,520
261
337
691
1,429
71
803
1,140
205
956
Nashville, Tenn.
3,017
91
135
366
554
177
572
91
46
596
N.Haven.Conn..
42,989
1,109
1,335
.2,663
4,115
473
9,004
13,159
1,919
8,049
Oakland, Cal...
40,846
1,267
3,150
5,304
5,546
248
4,160
3,800
4,794
1,118
Omaha, Neb
27,179
3,414
1,218
1,989
4,861
554
1,849
2.361
6,860
2,614
Paterson, N. J.
45,485
883
487
7,791
5,741
483
4,971
9,317
243
6,867
Portland, Ore..
50,312
2,548
5,211
5,363
7,490
584
2,267
2,557
8,723
4,892
Providence, R.I.
76.999
1,574
8,835
12,676
2,076
126
15,801
17,305
4,058
7,518
Richmond, Va..
4,136
118
122
652
892
36
405
611
67
829
Rochester, N.Y.
59,076
1,688
9,718
5,979
14,624
415
5,230
10,638
607
7,187
St. Paul, Minn..
56,657
3,900
4,435
2,879
14,025
1,989
4,184
1,995
16,810
4,432
Scranton, Pa...
35,122
3,184
301
7,716
4,325
1,214
6,302
3,549
142
8,571
Seattle, Wash..
67,456
2,025
10,708
8,553
6,176
345
3,177
3,547
17,749
3,877
Spokane, Wash.
21.820
712
4,450
2,898
2,755
126
1,021
1,545
5,786
877
Syracuse. N.Y...
30,848
1,265
3,257
2,942
6,903
212
4,877
4,756
200
6.278
Toledo, O
32,144
879
3,180
2,052
15,308
2,927
1,971
270
323
3,345
Worces'r.Mass. .
48.597
362
8,415
4.012
680
20
10,535
2,889
8.599
10.219
•Includes Scotland and Wales.
, tComprlses Norway, Sweden and
Denmark. |Includes Finland.
State.
Alabama 2,138,093
Arizona 204,354
Arkansas 1,574,449
California 2,377,549
Colorado 799,024
Connecticut 1,114,756
Delaware 202,322
District of Columbia 331,069
Florida 752,619
Georgia 2,609,121
Idaho 325,594
Illinois 5,638,591
Indiana 2,700,876
Iowa 2,224,771
Kansas 1,690.949
Kentucky 2,289,905
Louisiana 1,656,388
Maine 742,371
Maryland 1.295,346
Massachusetts 3,366,416
Michigan 2,810,173
Minnesota 2,075,708
Mississippi 1,797.114
Missouri 3,293,335
Montana 376,053
Nebraska 1,192,214
Nevada 81,875
New Hampshire 430,672
Born Born In For-
Total in other eign
population, state, states, born.
State.
Total in other eign
population, state, states, born.
86.9
12.0
0.9
38.6
36.6
23.9
67.1
31.4
1.1
38.0
36.3
24.7
29.2
53.8
16.2
54.5
15.7
29.6
67.8
23.4
8.6
42.1
49.7
7.5
61.5
32.5
5.4
90.6
8.5
0.<5
27.7
58.4
13.1
60.4
17.7
21.4
75.2
18.6
5.9
63.7
23.6
12.3
48.7
42.8
8.0
88.7
9.4
1.8
84.9
11.5
3.2
78.0
6.7
14.9
79.2
12.5
8.1
55.3
12.9
31.5
62.7
15.5
21.3
54.0
19.4
26.2
87.0
12.2
0.5
67.5
25.0
7.0
26.4
47.3
25.2
50.0
34.7
14.8
26.4
4S.5
24.1
67.7
19.2
22 5
New Jersey ". 2,537,167
New Mexico 327,301
New York 9,113,614
North, Carolina 2,206,237
North Dakota 577,056
Ohio 4,767,121
Oklahoma 1,657,155
Oregon 672,765
Pennsylvania 7,665,111
Rhode Island 542,610
South Carolina 1.515,400
South Dakota 583,888
Tennessee 2,184,789
Texas 3,896.542
Utah 373,351
Vermont 255,956
Virginia 2,061,612
Washington 1,141,990
West Virginia 1,221,119
Wisconsin 2,333.860
Wyoming 145.965
Lnited States 91,972.266
NOTE — The total population includes persons
born in the United States, state of birth not re-
ported, persons born in outlying possessions or
at sea under the United States flag, and Ameri-
can citizens born abroad. Their combined num-
ber was only 360,961, or 0.4 per cent of the total
population.
53.0
20.7
26.0
56.4
36.0
7.1
62.0
7.5
30.2
94.7
4.9
0.3
34.3
37.6
27.1
74.4
12.7
12.6
31.1
65.9
2.4
33.5
49.0
16.8
73.6
7.4
18.8
49.2
17.5
33.0
94.4
6.1
0.4
38.6
43.6
17.3
85.7
13.1
0.9
70.1
23.3
6.2
65.1
16.2
17.6
70.4
14.7
14.0
89.4
9.2
1.3
23.0
53.3
22.4
76.2
18.8
4.7
66.8
11.0
22.0
21.8
57.7
19.9
66.5
18.4
"l4.7
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
113
MOTHER TONGUE OF FOREIGN WHITE STOCK (1910),
In the following tables, prepared by the federal
census bureau, the foreign white stock referred
to is the aggregate white population of the
United States which is foreign either by birth
or by parentage. It embraces all foreign born
whites and all native whites having one or both
parents foreign born. It must be remembered
that the foreign stock as here defined only in-
cludes the first and second generations — immi-
grants and native children of immigrants — and
does not include the grandchildren or great-
grandchildren of immigrants. In other words,
the figures do not include the exact relative im-
portance of the several ethnic stocks in the
total population.
The eight major mother-tongue stocks in the
United States, arranged in the order of their
Importance, are shown in the following table:
English-Celtic...
Italian
Polish
Yiddish-Hebrew.
Swedish
French
Norwegian .
Mother tongue. Number. tPer cent.
English and Celtic* 10,037,420 31.1
German 8,817,271 27.3
Italian ... 2,151,422 6.7
Polish 1,707,640 6.3
Yiddish and Hebrew 1,676,762 5.2
Swedish 1,445,869 4.5
French 1,357,169 4.2
Norwegian 1,009,854 3.1
Total eight mother tongues... 28,203,407 87.5
Other mother tongues 4,039,975 12.5
All mother tongues 32,243,382 100.0
•Includes persons reporting Irish, Scotch or
Welsh. |Per cent of distribution.
Diagram showing foreign white stock in the
United States in 1910, by principal native or
mother tongues.
FOREIGN STOCK IN DETAIL.
Mothrr tongue.
English and Celtic
Germanic
Total.
...10,037,420
. j. 9 187 007
Foreign
born.
3,363.792
2,910,857
2,759,032
126.045
25,780
1 272.150
Native
born.
6,673,628
6,276,150
6,058,239
198,885
10,026
1,630 046
Foreign Native
Mother tongue. Total. born. born.
Croatian 93036 74036 19000
Dalmatian .. 5 505 4 344 1 161
German
... 8,817,271
Serbian . . 26 752 23*403 3*349
Dutch
324,930
Montenegrin 3961 3886 ' 75
Flemish ....
44 806
Bulgarian 19380 is'341 ' 1039
.. 2,902,196
Slavic, other 35,195 21012 14183
Swedish
... 1.445 869
683,218
402,587
186,345
2,385,388
1,365,110
528,842
258,131
72.649
42,277
118,379
1,831,666
943,781
228,738
166.474
57,926
25,131
123,631
762,651
607.267
260,128
1,894,172
786,312
828,327
190,067
68,619
8,847
12,000
1,408,801
763,859
310,654
117,970
37,211
10,228
59,800
Lithuanian 211,235 140963 70272
Norwegian
... 1,009,854
Yiddish and Hebrew.. 1,676,762 1,051.767 624,995
Magyar 320893 229094 91799
Danish
446 473
Latin and Greek..
...4 279 560
Finnish 200688 120086 80602
Italian
... 2 151,422
Armenian 30,021 23938 6*083
French
... 1,357,169
Syrian and Arabic — 46.727 32,868 13,859
Turkish 5,441 4,709 732
Spanish
448,198
Portuguese
141,268
Albanian 2,366 2312' 54
51 124
All other 790 646 144
Greek
130,379
Unknown 313,044 116272 196772
Slavic and Lettish.
Polish .. ..
.... 3.240,467
... 1,707 640
All mother tongues. 32, 243, 382 13,345,545 18,897.837
NOTE — In the above table Celtic Includes Irish,
Scotch and Welsh; Dutch includes Frisian; Bo-
hemian includes Moravian; Lithuanian includes
Lettish; Serbo-Croatian includes Dalmatian and
Montenegrin, and Syrian includes Arabic.
Bohemian
Slovak
... 539,392
284,444
95 137
Ruthenian
35 359
Slovenian
183,431
FASTEST VOYAGES ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
Queenstown to New York. Raunt's Rock to
Ambrose channel lightship (short course). 4 days
10 hours 48 minutes, by the Mauretania, Sept. 11-
15, 1910; long course (2,891 miles), 4 days 17 hours
6 minutes, Maurotania. Feb. 13-18, 1909.
Now York to Queenstown, 4 days 13 hours 41
minntPS. by the Mauretania. Sept. 15-20. 1909.
Hamburg to New York, 5 days 11 hours 54
minutes, by the Deutschland. Sept. 2-8. 1903.
Cherbourg to New York, 5 days 11 hours 9
minutes, by the Kronprinzessin Cecille. Aug. 19-
85, 1908.
New York to Cherbourg. 5 days 16 hours, by
the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, Jan. 4-10. 1900.
Southampton to New York, 5 days 20 hours, by
the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, March 30-April
5. 1898.
Havre to New York. 6 days 1 hour 12 minutes,
by La Provence. Sept. 6-13, 1907.
New York to Southampton. 5 days 17 hours 8
minutes, by the Kaiser "Wtlhelm der Grosse.
Nov. 23-29, 1897.
New York to Havre, 6 days 2 hours 48 min-
utes, by La Provence, May 31-June 6. 1906.
New York to Plymouth (short course). 2.962
miles, 5 days 7 hours 28 minutes, by the Deutsch-
land, Sept. 5-10, 1900; (long course). 3.080 miles.
5 days 9 hours 55 minutes. Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Aug. 18-24. 1908.
Plymouth to New York, 5 days 15 hours 46
minutes, by the Deutschland, July 7-12, 1900.
Moville, Ireland, to Cape Race. N. F.. 4 days
10 hours, by the Virginian (turbine). June 9-13.
1905.
The best day's run by any steamer was 676
knots, made by the Mauretania. January. 1911.
Distances: New York to Southampton. 3.100
miles: to Plymouth. 2.962 miles: to Queonstown.
2,800 miles: to Cherbourg. 3.047 miles; to Havre.
3.170 miles: to Hamburg. 3.820 miles.
114
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
URBAN AND BUI
The census bureau classifies as urban popula-
tion that residing in cities and other incorpo-
rated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more. The
proportion of the total population of continental
United States living in urban and rural territory
at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 was as follows:
, 1910. v , 1900. »
Population. Pr.ct. Population. Pr.ct.
SAL POPULATION.
Per cent.
State. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural.
South Dakota 76,673 507,215 13.1 86.9
Nebraska 310852 881,362 26.1 73.9
Kansas 493790 1,197,159 29.2 70.8
Delaware 97085 105,237 48.0 52.0
Maryland 658192 637154 50.8 49.2
Dist. of Columbia.. 331,069 100.0 ....
Virginia 476,529 1,585,083 23.1 76.9
Rural 49 348 883 63 7 45 197 390 59 5
West Virginia 228,242 992,877 18.7 81.3
North Carolina 318,474 1,887,813 14.4 85.6
South Carolina 224,832 1,290,568 14.8 85.2
Total 91,972,266 100.0 75,994,575 100.0
In 1890 the per cent of urban population was
36.1 and of the rural 63.9; In 1880 the urban was
29.5 and the rural 70.5.
By geographic divisions the per cent of urban
and rural population in 1910 was as follows:
Division. Total. Urban. Rural.
New England 7.1 12.8 2.2
Middle Atlantic 21.0 32.2 11.3
Florida 219 080 533 539 29. 1 70.9
Kentucky 655442 1734463 243 75.7
Tennessee 441 045 1 743 744 20 2 79 8
Alabama 370,431 1,767,662 17.3 82.7
Mississippi 207,311 1,589,803 11.5 88.5
Arkansas 202,681 1371,768 12.9 87.1
Louisiana 496,516 1,159,872 30.0 70.0
Oklahoma 320 155 1 337 000 19 3 80 7
East North Central 19.8 22.6 17.5
Texas ... . 938 104 2 958 438 24 1 75 9
West North Central 12.7 9.1 15.7
Montana . 133 420 242 633 35 5 64 5
South Atlantic 13.3 7.3 18.4
Idaho 69 898 255 696 21 5 78 5
East South Central 9.1 3.7 13.9
Wyoming 43 221 102 744 29 6 70 4
West South Central 9.6 4.6 13.8
Colorado 408 840 394 184 60 7 49 3
Mountain 2.9 2.2 3.4
New Mexico . 46 571 280 730 14 2 85 8
Pacific 4.6 5.6 3.7
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
By states the urban and rural population in
1910 was as follows: Per cent.
State. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural.
Maine 381 443 360 928 51 4 48 6
Arizona 63,260 141,094 31.0 69.0
Utah 172934 200417 463 537
Nevada 13,367 .68,508 16.3 83.7
Washington 605,530 536,460 53.0 47.0
Oregon 307,060 365 705 45.6 54.4
California 1,469739 907810 61.8 38.2
New Hampshire 255,099 175,473 59.2 40.8
Vermont 168,943 187,013 47.5 D2.5
United States.... 42,623,383 49,348,883 46.3 53.7
INCREASE IN URBAN AND RURAL
POPULATION.
Comparing the rate of growth in urban and
rural communities, it is shown by the census
bureau that during the period between the cen-
sus of 1900 and that of 1910 the increase in urban
population in continental United States was 11,-
013,738, or 34.8 per cent, while the increase in
rural population was 4,963,953, or 11.2 per cent.
There had been an increase in urban population
in every state, while in six states there had
been an actual decrease in- rural population.
These states were: New Hampshire. 6.4 per
cent; Vermont, 4.2 per cent; Ohio, 1.3 per cent:
Indiana. 5.1 per cent ; Iowa, 7.2 per cent ; Mis-
souri, 5.1 per cent.
Massachusetts 3,126,367 241,049 92.8 7.2
Rhode Island 524,654 17,956 96.7 3.3
Connecticut 999,839 114,917 89.7 10.3
New York 7,185,494 1,928,120 78.8 21.2
New Jersey 1,907,210 629,957 75.2 24.8
Pennsylvania 4,630,669 3,034,442 60.4 39.6
Ohio 2,665,143 2,101,978 65.9 44.1
Indiana 1,143,835 1,557,041 42.4 67.6
Illinois 3,476929 2,161,662 61.7 38.3
Michigan 1,327,044 1,483,129 47.2 52.8
Wisconsin 1,004,320 1,329,540 43.0 57.0
Minnesota 850 294 1,225,414 41.0 59.0
Iowa 680054 1,544,717 30.6 69.4
Missouri 1,398,817 1,894,518 42.5 67.5
North Dakota 63,236 613,820 11.0 89.0
POPULATION OF
BY RECORDER'S DISTRICTS.
District. Population. District. Population.
ALASKA (1910).
District. Population. District. Population.
Nulato 785 St. Lawrence island 293
Ophir 662 St. Michael 2.255
Otter 1234 Tanana 430
Bristol bay * 4,602 Hiamna 271
Cape Nome 3.924 Juneau 5.854
Port Clarence 1.001 Unea peninsula.... 1.303
Prince William Valdez 4.815
Chandalar 368 Kantlshna 68
Circle 799 Kayak 623
Cook Inlet 677 Kenai 1.692
sound 210 Wrangell 1.652
Rampart S70
Sitka 2.210 Total, 1910 64,356
Copper Center 553 Ketchikan 3.520
Cordova 1779 Kodiak 2.44S
Skajrway 1 980 1 Total, 1900 63,593
BY TOWNS.
Council City 686 Kougarok 308
Fairbanks 7,676 Koyukuk 455
Fairhaven 643 Mount McKinlev.. 232
Fort Gibbon 858 Nabesna 103
Douglas '.'. .. 1J22 Treadweii 1,222
Fairbanks 3,541 Valdez 810
Juneau 1,644 Wrangell 743
Fortymile 341 Noatak-Kobuk — 2.262
POPULATION 0
1910. 1899.
Territory of Porto Rico 1,118.012 953,423
Ketchikan 1,613
F PORTO RICO.
1910. 1899.
Caguas city 10,354 6,450
San Jnan city 48,716 32,048
Ponce city 35 027 27 952
Mayaguez city 16,591 16,187
POPULATION OF
County. Population.
Hawaii 55,382
HAWAII (1910).
Population.
Total 1900 154.001
Per cent increase 24.6
CITIES.
fUlo 6.745
Kanat 23,952
Maul 29,762
Total, 1910 191,909
Honoiuiu 52,183
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
115
POPULATION OF THE WORLD.
[Based upon the Statesman's Year-Book for 1918 and publications of the bureau of the census.]
BY GRAND DIVISIONS.
Africa .. 138,564,263
Asia 819.221,925
Europe 449,883,542
North America 144.244,508
Oceania 65,125,454
South America 58.794.922
Total 1,675.834,614
AFRICA.
Abyssinia (est. 1917).... 8.000.000
British colonies, etc.
(1917) 53,816,000
French Africa (1914) ....32,893,518
Ger. Africa* (est. 1913) 11,406,024
Italian Africa (est. 1913) 1.378,176
Belgian Congo (est. 1913) 15,000,000
Liberia (1916) 2,100,000
Morocco (1916) 6,000,000
Portuguese Africa (1916). 7.734,701
Spanish Africa (1916).. 235,844
Total 138.564.263
•Before the war.
ASIA.
Afghanistan (est. 1917) 6,380.500
Bhutan (1916) 250,000
British colonies, etc.
(1917) 9.218,000
China (1914) 320,650,000
French colonies (1913). 17.268,728
India, British (1914) ...315,156,000
Japan (1916) 76,684,558
Kiaochow (1913) 168.900
Nepal (1916) 6,000,000
Oman (1916) 500,000
Persia (1916) 9,500,000
Portuguese Asia (1916) 1,001.153
Russia in Asia (1915). 29,141.500
Siam (1916) 8,819.686
Turkey in Asia (1912) 19,382,900
Total 819.221,925
•Including French India.
EfUROPE.
Albania (1914) 1,000,000
Andorra (1913) 5,231
Austria-Hungary (1913) 50,079,780
Belgium (1912) 7,571,387
Bulgaria (1914) 4,752,997
Denmark (1916) 2,940,979
France (1911) 39,602,258
Germany (1914) 67,812,000
Greece (1914) 4,821,300
Iceland (1911) 85.183
Italy (1916) 36.546,437
Luxemburg (1910) 259,891
Monaco (1913) 22,956
Montenegro (1914) 516.000
Netherlands (1916) 6,583,227
Norway (1917) 2.570,923
Portugal (1911) v.. 5,957.985
Roumanta (1914) 7,508.009
Russia (1915) '. .147,321,500
San Marino (1916) 11,648
Serbia (1914) 4,547,992
Spain (1916)...-. 2.747.893
Sweden (1916) 5,757,566
Switzerland (1915) 3,880,500
Turkey (1914) 1,891,000
United kingdom (1915) . 46,089,000
Total 449.883.542
NORTH AMERICA.
Bahamas (1915) 58,000
Bermuda (1915) 20,000
Canada (1915) 8,361,000
Cosita Rica (1916) 441.342
Cuba (1916) 2,627,536
Curacao (1916) 57.381
French islands (1917).. 459.082
Greenland (1911) 13.459
Guatemala (1914) 2,003,579
Haiti (1914) 2.500.000
Honduras (1914) 562,000
Honduras, British (1915) 42,000
Jamaica (1917) 906.000
Leeward islands (1915) 128,000
Mexico (1912) 15.501,684
Newfoundland* (1917). 257,000
Nicaragua (1914) 703,540
Panama (1916) 450,000
Porto Rico (1917) 1.230,564
Salvador (1916) 1.271.336
Santo Domingo (1913).. 708,000
United Statest (1918) .106;251,954
Virgin islands of U. S. 26,051
Windward islands (1917) 176,000
Total 144.244.508
•Including Labrador, flnclud-
ing Alaska (1917).
OCEANIA.
Australian Federation
(1917) 4.896.000
Borneo and Sarawak,
British (1917) 700.000
Dutch East Indies(1913) 48,000,000
Fiji islands (1915) 159,321
Guam (1916) 13,491
Hawaii (1917) 219.260
New Caledonia* (1914). 81,200
New Guinea, Germant
(1913) 634,579
New Zealand (1917) 1,100,000
Papua (1914) 200,000
Philippine islands(1917) 8,918,177
Samoa (1916) 7,426
Solomon islands* (1914) 205,000
Total 65,125,454
•Including other French de-
pendencies, flncluding Samoan
and other former German
islands in the Pacific. Jlnclud-
Ing Gilbert and Tonga islands.
SOUTH AMERICA.
Argentine Republic
(1914) 7,885,237
Bolivia (1915) 2,889,970
Brazil (1915) 26,542.402
Chile (1917) 3.870.000
Colombia (1912) 5,071,101
Ecuador (1915) 2,000,000
Falkland islands (1912) 3.220
Guiana. British (1917). 314.000
Guiana, French (1913). 48,800
Guiana. Dutch (1917).. 91.622
Paraguay (1917) 1,000,000
Peru (1908) 4,500,000
Trinidad (1917) 372.000
Uruguay (1916) 1,378.808
Venezuela (1916) 2,827,762
Total 58,794,922
AREA OF THE UNITED STATES IN SQUARE MILES (1910).
State. Rank.
Texas 1
California 2
Montana 3
New Mexico 4
Arizona 5
Nevada 6
Colorado 7
Wyoming 8
Oregon 9
Utah 10
Minnesota 11
Idaho 12
Kansas 13
South Dakota 14
Nebraska 15
North Dakota 16
Oklahoma 17
Missouri 18
Washington 19
Georgia 20
Florida 21
Michigan 22
Illinois 23
Iowa 24
Wisconsin 25
Arkansas 26
North Carolina 27
Arranged according to rank in gross area.
State. Rank.
Alabama 28
New York 29
Louisiana 30
Mississippi 31
Pennsylvania 32
Virginia 33
Tennessee 34
Ohio 35
Kentucky 36
Indiana 37
Maine 38
South Carolina 39
West Virginia 40
Maryland 41
Vermont 42
New Hampshire 43
Massachusetts 44
New Jersey 45
Connecticut 46
Delaware 47
Rhode Island 48
District of Columbia. 19
Gross.
Land. Water.*
265,896
262,398
3,498
158,297
155,652
2,645
146,997
146,201
796
122,634
122,583
131
113,956
113,810
146
110,690
109,821
869
103,948
103,658
290
97,914
97,594
320
96,699
95,607
1,092
84,990
82,184
2,806
84,682
80,858
3,824
83,888
83,354
534
82,158
81,774
384
77,615
76,868
747
77,520
76,808
712
70,837
70,183
654
70,057
69,414
643
69,420
68,727
693
69,127
66,836
2,291
59,265
58,725
540
58,666
54,861
3,805
57,980
57,480
500
56,665
56,043
622
56,147
55,586
661
56.066
55,256
810
53,335
52,525
810
52,426
48,740
3,686
Gross.
Land.
Water.*
51,998
51,279
719
49,204
47,654
1,550
48,506
45,409
3,097
46,865
46,362
503
45,126
44,832
294
42,627
40,262
2,365
42,022
41,687
335
41,040
40,740
300
40,598
40,181
417
36,354
36,045
309
33,040
29,895
3,145
30,989
30,495
494
24,170
24,022
148
12,327
9,941
2,386
9,564
9,124
440
9,341
9,031
310
8,266
8,039
227
8,224
7,514
710
4,965
4,820
145
2,370
1,965
405
1,248
1,067
180
70
60
10
Total 3,026,789 2,973,890 52,899
*DOPS not include water surface of oceans, the
Gulf of Mexico or the great lakes lying within
the jurisdiction of the United States.
116
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
AREA (SQUARE MILES) BY CENSUS YEARS.
Continental United States.
Year. Gross. Land. Water.
1910 3,026,789 2,973,890 52,899
State.
Wasiuiigton
1910. 1900. 1890. 1880.
IV. 1 7.8 5.3 1.1
50.8 39.9 31. S 25.7
42.2 37.4 30.6 23.8
1.5 0.9 0.6 0.2
30.9 25.6 21.2 16.9
area of 590.884 square
of o.l per square mile:
es, 29.8 per square mile,
square miles, 325.5 per
>opulation is or*ained by
f eacli state uiid of con-
y its total laud area in
Euros.
ry. 0.9. fOklahoma and
d. {Less than one-tenth.
West Virginia
Wisconsin
1900 3,026,789 2,974,159 52,630
1890 3,026.789 2,973,965 52,824
United States
1870 3,026,789 2,973,965 52,824
Alaska with a gross
miles has a population
Hawaii, 6,449 square mil
and Porto Rico, 3,435
square mile.
NOTE— The density of i
dividing the population c
tinental United States I
square miles at each ce
*North Dakota territo
Indian Territory combine
I860 3026,789 2,973,965 52,824
1850 . .2,997,119 2,944,337 52,782
1840 1,792,223 1,753,588 38,635
1830 1,792,223 1,753,588 38,635
1826 • 1 792 223 1 753 588 38,635
1810 . 1 720 122 1 685 865 34 257
1800 . 892 135 867,980 24,155
1790 i 892,135 867,980 24,155
The water area does not include the surface
of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico or the great
lakes lying within the jurisdiction of the United
States.
INCREASE IN AREA OF THE UNITED
STATES.
Gross area in square miles.
Accession. Area. Accession. Area.
Area in 1790 892,135 Alaska. 1867 590.884
Louisiana our- Hawaii, 1898 6.449
chase, 1803 827.987 Philippines, 1899 115.026
Florida. 1819 58.666 I'orto Rico. 1899 3,435
POPULATION PE]
Continental
Year. P.OI
1910 91
* SQUARE MILE.
United States. persq
>ulation. Land area. mile.
,972,266 *2, 973, 890 30.9
,994,575 2,974,159 25.6
,947,714 2,973,965 21.2
,155,783 2,973,965 16.9
,558,371 2,973,965 13.0
,443,321 2,973,965 10.6
,191,876 2.944.337 7.9
,069,453 1,753,588 9.7
,866,020 1,753,588 • 7.3
,638.453 1,753,588 5.5
,239,881 1,685,865 4.3
,308,483 867,980 6.1
,929,214 867,980 4.5
quare miles of land due
1 swamps in Illinois and
s of land), the building
guna reservoirs and the
o river into the Salton
uare miles of water sur-
INHABITANT.
nited States. Perinhab-
tion. Acres land. Itant.
,266 1.903.289.600 20 7
.575 1,903.461.760 25.0
.714 1.903.337.600 30.2
ivisions (1910).
State and div. Acres.
West Virginia 126
1900 75
1890 62
1880 50
1870 38
Spain, 1819 13.435 Samoa, 1900 77
1860 31
1850 23
Oregon, 1846 286.541 zone, 1904 436
Mexican ces- Virgin islands,
sion 1848 529181 1917 140
1840 17
1S30 12
1820 ',
1810 ... 7
chase, 1853 29,670 Total outlying 716,657
Gra''d total Unit-
1800 E
1790 ... 3
Total cont'l... 3.026,789 ed States 3.743,446
POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE.
State. 1910. 1900. 1890. 1880.
Alabama 41.7 35.7 29.5 24.6
*Net reduction of 269 f
to drainage of lakes anc
Indiana (201 square mile
of the Roosevelt and Lf
overflow of the Colorad
sea in California (470 sq
face). —
ACRES PER
Census Continental U
year. Popula
Arizona 18 11 08 04
Arkansas 30.0 25.0 21.5 15.3
California 15.3 9.5 7.8 5.5
Colorado 7.7 5.2 4.0 1.9
Connecticut 231.3 188.5 154.8 129.2
Delaware 103.0 94.0 85.7 74.6
District of Columbia 5517.8 4645.3 3972.3 3062.5
Florida 13.7 9.6 7.1 4.9
1900 75.994
Georgia 44.4 37.7 31.3 26.3
Idaho 3.9 1.9 1.1 0.4
By States and D
State and <Jiv. Acres.
Maine 25. 3
Illinois 100.6 86.1 68.3 55.0
Indiana .. 74 9 70 1 61 1 55.1
Iowa 40.0 40.2 34.4 29.2
Kansas 20.7 18.0 17.5 12.2
Kentucky 57.0 53.4 46.3 41.0
New Hampshire 13.4
North Carolina 14.1
South Carolina 12.9
Georgia 14 I
Louisiana 36.5 30.4 24.6 20.7
Maine 24.8 23.2 22.1 21.7
Mnssachnsetts 1.5
Maryland 130.3 119.5 104.9 94.0
Massachusetts 418.8 349.0 278.5 221.8
Connecticut 2.8
New England 6.1
New York 3.3
New Jersey 1.9
Pennsylvania 3.7
South Atlantic... 14.1
Kentucky 11.2
Tennessee 12.2
Alabama 15.3
Mississippi 16.5
East Sonth Central 1?.7
Arkansas 21.4
Louisiana 17.5
Oklahoma 26.8
Michigan 48.9 42.1 36.4 28.5
Minnesota 25.7 21.7 16.2 9.7
Mississippi 38.8 33.5 27.8 24.4
Missouri 479 45.2 390 316
Montana 2.6 1.7 1.0 0.3
Middle Atlantic.. 3.3
Ohio 5.5
Indiana 8.5
Nebraska 15.5 13.9 13.8 5.9
Nevada 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.6
New Hampshire 47.7 45.6 41.7 38.4
New Jersey 337.7 250.7 192.3 150.5
New Mexico 2.7 1.6 1.3 1.0
New York 191.2 152.5 126.0 106.7
North Carolina 45.3 38.9 32.2 28.7
North Dakota 8.2 4.5 2.7 *
Ohio 117.0 102.1 90.1 78.5
Oklahoma 23.9 illA t3.7
Michigan 13.1
Wisconsin 15.2
East North Central 8.6
Minnesota 24.9
Iowa 16.0
Missouri 13.4
Texas 43.1
WestSonthCentral 31.3
Montana 248.8
Idaho 163. S
Wyoming 427.9
Colorado S3.0
New Mexico 239.5
Pennsylvania 171.0 140.6 117.3 95.5
Rhode Island 508.5 401.6 328.8 259.2
South Carolina 49.7 44.0 37.7 32.6
South Dakota 7.6 5.2 4.5 »
Tennessee 52.4 48.5 42.4 37.0
North Dakota 77.8
South Dakota 84.3
NehrnsVa 41.?
Kansas 31.0
* WestNorthCentral 28.1
Delaware 6.2
Arizona 356.4
Utah 140.9
Nevada 858.4
Mountain 208.8
Washington 37.5
Texas 14.8 11.6 8.5 6.1
TTtah 45 34 26 18
Oregon 91.0
California 41.9
Vermont 39.0 37.7 36.4 36.4
Virginia 51.2 46.1 41.1 27.6
Dist. of Columbia. 0.1
Virginia) 12.5
Pacific 48.6
Continental U.S.. 20.7
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
117
AMERICAN CITIES WITH 35,
ARRANGED
[Estimated by the United States
Alabama. (Davenport 48,811
Birmingham ... 181,762 Des Moines 101,598
Mobile 58,221 Dubuque 39.873
000 OR MORE INHAB
BY STATES,
census bureau as of Jul
Nebraska.
Lincoln 46,515
Omaha 165,470
ITANTS.
y 1, 1916.]
Pennsylvania.
Allentown 63.505
Montgomery . . . 43,28a
Arkansas.
Fort Smith.: 28,638
Sioux City 57,078
Waterloo 35,599
Kansas.
Kansas City 99,437
Topeka 48,726
South Omaha*
•Annexed to Omaha.
New Hampshire.
Manchester 78,283
Nashua 27.327
Butler (borough) 27J632
Chester 41 396
Easton 30 530
Little Rock 57.343
California.
Alameda 27,732
Berkeley 57,653
Erie 75*195
Harrisburg 72^015
Wichita 70.722
Kentucky.
Covington 57,144
Lexington 41,097
Louisville 238,910
Newport 31.927
Louisiana.
New Orleans 371.747
Shreveport 35,230
Maine.
Bangor 26,659
New Jersey.
Atlantic City... 57,660
Bayonne 69 893
Johnstown 68,529
Lancaster 50,853
Fresno 34 958
Long Beach .... 27.587
Los Angeles 503.812
Oakland 198,604
Pasadena 46,450
Sacramento .... 66.895
McKeesport 47,521
New Castle 41.133
Norrlstown 31,401
Philadelphia ...1,709,518
Pittsburgh 579,090
Reading 109,381
Camden 106,233
East Orange 42,458
Elizabeth 86 690
Hoboken 77 214
Jersey City 306,345
Montclair (town) 26,318
Newark 408,894
San Francisco.. 463,516
San Jose 38.902
Scranton 146,811
Shenandoah ... 29,201
Wilkesbarre ... 76,776
Willlamsport .. 33,809
Stockton 35,358
New Brunswick 25,512
Orange 33,080
Colorado.
Colorado Springs 32,971
Denver 260 800
Lewiston 27,809
Portland ... . 68 867
Paterson 138,443
Rhode Island.
Central Falls... 25,636
Pueblo 54.462
Maryland.
Perth Amboy... 41,185
Trenton 111,593
Connecticut.
Bridgeport 121,579
Hartford 110,900
Baltimore 689,621
Cumberland 26,074
Hagerstown 25,679
Massachusetts.
Boston 756,476
Brockton 67,449
W. Hoboken (town) 43.139
New York.
Albany 110 199
Cranston 25,987
Newport 30,108
Pawtucket 59,411
Providence 254,960
Warwick 29,969
Woonsocket .,.. 44.360
South Carolina.
Charleston 60,734
Columbia 34.611
Meridon 29,130
New Britain.... 53,794
New Haven 149,685
Norwalk ... 26,899
Amsterdam 37,103
Auburn 37 385
Binghamton 53,973
Buffalo 468 558
Stamford . . 30,884
Brookline (town) 32,730
Cambridge 112,981
Chelsea 46,192
Waterbury 86,973
Delaware.
Wilmington .... 94,265
District of Columbia.
Washington .... 363,980
Florida.
Jacksonville 76,101
Pensacola 26,271
Tampa 53,886
Cohoes 25 211
Elmira 38 190
Chicopee 29,319
Everett 39,223
Jamestown 36»580
Kingston 26771
Tennessee.
Chattanooga .... 60,075
Knoxville 38676
Fall River 128,366
Fitchburg 41.781
Haverhill 48,777
Mount Vernon.. 37.009
New Rochelle... 37.759
New York 5.602.841
Memphis 148.995
Holyoke 65,286
Lawrence 100,560
Lowell 113,245
Bronx (b'r'gh) 575,876
Br'klyn (b'gh) 1.928.734
M'hat'n (b'gh) 2, 634, 224
Queens (b'gh) 366.126
Richmond (b'gh) 97,881
Texas.
Austin 34,814
Georgia.
Atlanta 190,558
Maiden 51,155
Beaumont 27,711
Dallas 124,527
Augusta 50,245
Columbus 25.950
Macon 45,757
Savannah 68,805
New Bedford... 118.158
Newton 43.715
Pittsfleld 38.629
Quincy 38,136
Niagara Fa'lis.. 37,353
Poughkeepsie .. 30,390
Rochester 256.417
Schenectady ... 99,519
El Paso 63,705
Fort Worth.... 104.562
Galveston , , , , 41,863
Houston 112,307
San Antonio 123 831
Idaho.
Boise 33,846
Illinois.
Aurora 34,204
Salem 48.562
Somerville 87,039
Springfleld 105,942
Taunton 38.283
Syracuse 155,624
Troy 77,916
TJtica 85.692
Watertown 29,894
Yonkers 99,838
Waco 33.385
Utah.
Ogden 31 404
Bloomington .... 27,258
Chicago 2 497 722
Waltham 30,570
Salt Lake City. 117,399
Virginia.
Lynchburg 32,940
Worcester 163,314
North Carolina.
Charlotte 39,823
Danville 32,261
Michigan.
Battle Creek.... 29.480
Bay City 47,942
Decatur 39,631
East St. Louis. 74,708
Elgin 28,203
Wilmington .... 29,892
Winston-Salem . . 31.155
Ohio.
Petersburg 25,582
Portsmouth 39,651
Richmond 156.687
Evanston 28,591
Jollet 38,010
Flint 54,772
Moline 27,451
Oak Park (village) 26,654
Peoria 71.458
Jackson 35,363
Akron 85.625
Canton 60 852
Washington.
Bellingham .... 32,985
Kalamazoo 48,886
Lansing 40,498
Cincinnati 410,476
Cleveland 674,073
Columbus 214,878
Dayton 127,224
Rockford 55,185
Rock Island 28,926
Springfield 61,120
Indiana.
East Chicago 28,743
Evansvllle 76.078
Fort Wayne 76,183
Gary 55 000
Muskegon 26.100
Saginaw 55,642
Minnesota.
Duluth 94,495
Everett 35,486
Seattle '. 348,639
Spokane 150 393
Hamilton 40,496
Lima 35,384
Tacoma 112,770
West Virginia.
Charleston 29,941
Huntington 45,629
Wheeling 43.377
Minneapolis .... 363,454
Newark 29,635
Mississippi.
Jackson 29,737
Portsmouth 28,741
Springfleld 51.550
Rtetibcnville ... 27,445
Hammond 26,171
Wisconsin.
Green Bay 29.353
Kenosha 31,576
La Crosse 31677
Indianapolis ... 271,708
Monde 25,424
Missouri.
Youngstown 108,385
Zanesville 30,863
Oklahoma.
South Bend 68.946
Terre Haute.... 66.083
Iowa.
Burlington 25,030
Odar Rapids... 37,308
Clinton 27,386
Kansas City.... 297,847
St. Joseph 85,236
Madison 30.699
St Louis 757,309
Springfleld 40,341
Montana.
Butte .. . 43.425
Oklahoma City. 92.943
Tulsa .... 30 575
Milwaukee 436,535
Oshkosh 36,065
Oregon.
Portland . . 295.463
Sheboygan 28,559
Superior . . 46.226
Council Bluffs.. 31.484
118
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
POPULATION OF AMERICAN CITIES.
PLACES WITH MORE THAN 100.000 INHABITANTS IN 1910.
•1916.
1910.
1900. 1890. 1880. 1870.
1860.
New York. N. Y
5,602.841
4,766,883 3
437,202 1,515,301 1.206.299 942.292
805,651
Chicago. Ill
.2,497,722
2.185,283 1
698,575 1.099.850 503.298 298,977
108.206
Philadelphia. Pa
.1,709,518
1.549,008 1
293,697 1,046.964 847.170 674,022
565.529
St. Louis. Mo
. 757.309
687.029
575.238 451,770 350,518 310.864
160,773
. 756.476
670,585
560.892 448.477 362,839 250,526
177,812
Cleveland. O
. 674.073
560.663
381,768 261,353 160.146 92,829
43.417
Baltimore, Md
. 589.621
558,485
508,957 434.439 332,313 267,354
212,418
Pittsburgh. Pa
. 579,090
533,905
451,512 343,904 156,389 86.076
49,217
Detroit. Mich
. 571.784
465.766
285,704 205,876 116.340 79.577
45,619
Buffalo, N. Y
. 468,558
423.715
352.387 255.664 155,134 117.714
81.129
San Francisco, Cal
. 453.009
416,912
342,782 298,997 233.959 149.473
56,802
Milwaukee. Wis
. 436,535
373,857
285,315 204.468 115.587 71.440
45,246
Cincinnati, O
. 410.476
363,591
325,902 296.908 255.139 216.239
161.044
Newark. N. J
. 408.894
347.469
246,070 181,830 136.508 105.059
71.914
New Orleans. La
. 371.747
339,075
287,104 242,039 216,090 191.418
168,675
Washington, D. C
. 363,980
331.069
278,718 230.392 147.293 109.199
61,120
Los Angeles, Cal
. 503.812
319,198
102,479 50,395 11,183 5,728
4.385
Minneapolis. Minn
. 363.454
301.408
202,718 164,738" 46.887 13.066
2,564
Jersey City, N. J
. 306.346
267.779
206,433 163,003 120,722 82,546
29,226
Kansas City, Mo
. 297.847
248.381
163,752 132.716 55.785 32.260
4.418
Seattle, Wash
. 348.639
237.194
80,671 42,837 3 533 1,107
Indianapolis, Ind
. 271,708
233.650
169.164 105.436 75.056 48.244
18,611
Providence. R. I
. 254,960
224.326
175.597 132.146 104.857 68.904
50.666
Louisville, Ky
. 238.910
223.928
204,731 161.129 123.758 100.753
68,033
Rochester, N. Y
. 256.417
218,149
162,608 133.896 89,366 62.386
48,204
St. Paul. Minn
. 247,232
214,744
163,065 133,155 41,473 20.030
10.401
. 260,800
213,381
133,859 106.713 35 639 4.759
Portland, Ore
. 295.463
207,214
90,426 46,385 17.577 8.293
2.874
Columbus. O
. 214,878
181,611
125.560 88,150 51,647 31,274
18.554
Toledo. O
191.554
168,497
131,822 81.434 50.137 30.972
13,768
Atlanta, Ga
. 190.588
154,839
89.672 66.533 37.409 21,789
9,554
Oakland, Cal
. 198,604
150.174
66,960 48.682 34.555 10.500
1,543
Worcester. Mass
. 163,314
145,986
118.421 84,655 58.291 41,105
24,960
Syracuse. N. Y
155.624
137.249
108,374 88,143 51.792 43.051
28,119
New Haven, Conn
. 149,685
133.605
108,027 81.298 62.882 50,840
39,267
Birmingham, Ala
. 181 762
132 683
38415 26.178 3086 ....
Memphis, Tenn
148.647
131,105
102.320 64.495 33,592 40.226
22,623
Scranton, Pa
. 146.811
129.867
102,026 75.215 45.850 35,092
9.223
Richmond. Va
. 156,687
127,628
85,050 81.388 63.600 51.038
37.910
Paterson. N. J
. 138.443
125.600
105,171 78,347 51.031 33,579
19,586
Omaha. Neb
. 165,470
124,096
102,555 140.452 30.518 16.083
1,883
Fall River, Mass
. 128.366
119,295
104.863 74,398 48.961 26.766
14.026
Dayton, O
. 127.224
116.577
85,333 61.220 38.678 30.473
20.081
Grand Rapids. Mich
128,291
112.571
87.565 60,278 32.016 16.507
8,085
Nashville. Tenn
. 117.053
110.364
80.865 76,168 43.350 25.865
16.948
Lowell. Mass
. 113.246
106.294
94,969 77,696 59.475 40.298
36,827
Cambridge. Mass
. 112.981
104.839
91.886 70.028 52.669 18.547
26,060
Spokane, Wasn .
. 150 323
104 402
36 848 19 922 350 .
Bridgeport, Conn
. 121.579
102.054
70.996 48,866 27.643 18,969
13,299
Albany, N. Y
. 104.199
100,253
94,151 94,923 90.758 69,658
62,367
•Estimated as of July 1. The
cities are arranged according to their rank in 1910. the
latest census year.
POPULATION OF NEW YORK CITY BY BOROUGHS.
Manhattan 1910.
1900.
1890.
Richmond 1910. 1900.
1890.
borough ...2.331,542
1,850.093
1.441,216
borough ... 85,969 67.021
51,693
Bronx borough 430,980
200.507
88.908
Queens bor'gh 284.041 152.999
87.050
borough ...1.634,351
1.166,582
838.547
Total , , 4.766,883 3,437.202 2.507.414
POPULATION
OF PRINCIPAL CITIES. 1790-1850.
1850.
1840.
1830. 1820. 1810. 1800.
1790.
Albany. N. Y
. 50.763
33,721
24,238 12,630 9,356 5,349
3.498
Baltimore. Md
. 169,054
102.313
80,625 62,738 46.555 26.614
13.503
Boston. Mass
. 136.881
93.383
61,392 43,298 32.250 24.027
18,038
Brooklyn N Y
96 838
36 233
12 042 7 145 4 402 3 298
Buffalo N Y
42 261
18 213
8 653 2 095 1 508
Charleston. S. C
. 42.985
29.261
30,289 24,480 24.711 18.712
16,359
29 963
4 479
Cincinnati O
115 436
46 338
24 831 9 644 2 540 750
Cleveland O
17.034
6.071
1.076 606 547
17 882
6 048
2 435
Detroit Mich
21 019
9 102
Hartford Conn
13.555
12,793
7,704 4,726 3,955
43 194
21 210
10 352 4 012 1 357
33 383
20 796
6 474
13 932
. 3 235
877 761 615
20 061
1 700
20 515
16 672
3 194
10 478
6 929
5 566
Newark N J
38 894
17 290
10 953 6 507
New Haven Conn. .
20.345
14 890
10180 7147 5772 .....
New Orleans, La ...
116.375
102.193
46.310 27.176 17,242
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
119
New York. N. Y
1850.
515.547
1840.
312.710
7,596
1830. 1820. 1810. 1800.
203,007 123.706 96.373 60.489
1790.
33.131
Paterson, N. J
.... 11,334
Philadelphia. Pa
Pittsburgh. Pa
408,762
46.601
258,037
21.115
15.218
23.171
20.153
20.191
15,082
167,188 108,ii6 96.664 70,287
12,542 7,248 4.768 1,565
12,601 8,581 7,169 3,677
16,833 11.767 10,071 7.614
16,060 12,046 9,735 5.537
9.269 1,502
42,520
Portland, Me
20,815
... 41.513
Richmond, Va
27.570
Rochester, N. Y
.... 36.403
Salem, Mass
San Francisco, Cal...
20,264
. . . 15,000
13,886 12.721 12.613 9,457
7.921
Savannah, Ga
Springfield, Mass
15,312
11,766
11.214
10,985
16,469
6,503
19,334
12,782
23,364
5,680
7.497
. had 1.610
6,856; In-
[inn.. 1,112;
3.829; At-
9,748 7,623
6,784 3,914 2,767
St. Louis, Mo
Syracuse, N. Y
77,860
22 27l
'",'. 28,785
17 565
5.852 4,598
Troy. N. Y
Utica N Y
ii.46i 5,264 3,885
8 323 ° 972
Washington. D. C
Williamsburg. N. Y.
Worcester, Mass
, , 40.001
.... 30.780
17.049
18.827 13.247 8,208 3,2i6
1,620
NOTE — In 1850 Los Angeles, Cal
inhabitants: Jersey City, N. J.,
dianapolis, Ind., 8,091; St. Paul. »
Portland, Ore.. 821; Toledo, O..
DECENNIAL INCREASE (
City.
New York N. Y..
lanta, Ga., 2,572; Memphis. Tenn.,
Fall River, Mass., 11.524: Dayton. O..
Grand Rapids, Mich., 2,686: Cambridge
15,215, and Bridgeport, Conn., 7.560.
8,841:
10.977:
, Mass..
1890-*
Per ct.
25.6
118.6
23.6
28.9
23.6
63.2
30.7
52.6
77.0
64.8
27.8
76.9
16.4
33.3
12.0
29.7
350.6
251.4
35.0
137.9
1112.5
40.5
26.0
30.2
49.8
221.1
199.5
163.9
70.7
62.4
75.2
40.9
45.2
70.2
29.3
748.3
92.0
64.0
28.0
53.5
360.2
53.5
58.3
88.3
75.7
30.6
33.0
)F CITIES V
,-1900 to
Number.
. . 1,329 681
7ITH MORE THAN 100.000 IN 1910.
191(K ,-1890 to 1900-^ ,-1880 to
Perct. Number. Perct. Number.
38.7 1,921,901 126.8 309,002
28.7 598,725 64.4 596.665
19.7 246.733 23.6 199.794
19.4 123,468 27.3 101.252
19.6 112.415 25.1 85,638
46.9 120.415 46.1 101.207
9.7 74.518 17.2 102.126
18.2 82,999 34.8 82.228
63.0 79.828 38.8 89.536
20.2 96,723 37.8 100.530
21.6 43.785 14.6 65.038
31.0 80.847 39.5 88,881
11.8 28.994 9.8 41.769
41.2 64.240 35.3 45.322
18.1 45.065 18.6 25.949
18.8 48.326 21.0 52.768
211.5 52,084 103.4 39.212
48.6 37.980 23.1 117.851
29.7 43.430 26.6 42.281
51.7 31.036 23.4 76.931
194.0 37.834 88.3 39.304
38.1 63.728 60.4 30.380
27.8 43,451 39.9 27,289
9.4 43.602 27.1 37,371
34.2 28,712 21.4 44,530
31.7 29,909 22.5 91.683
59.4 27,146 25.4 71.084
140.2 44.041 94.9 28,808
44.6 37.410 42.4 36.503
27.8 50,388 61.9 31,297
72.3 24,339 37.1 28,124
124.3 18.278 37.5 14,127
23.3 33.766 39.9 20,364
26.6 20.231 23.0 36.351
23.6 26.729 32.9 18.416
245.4 12.237 46.7 23,093
28.1 37.825 58.6 30.903
27.3 26.811 35.6 29.365
50.1 3.662 4.5 17.788
19.4 26.824 34.2 27,316
21.0 37.897 27.0 109,934
13.8 26.824 34.2 27.316
36.6 24.113 39.4 22,542
28.5 27.287 45.3 28.262
36.5 4,697 6.2 32.818
11.9 17.273 22.2 18,221
14.1 21.858 31.2 17,359
183.3 19.572 530.6
Chicago 111
486 708
Philadelphia Pa..
255311
111791
109 693
Cleveland O
178 895
49 528
Pittsburgh Pa
82 393
Detroit Mich
180 062
Buffalo N. Y
71 328
San Francisco, Cal. . .
74 130
Milwaukee Wis.. ..
88 542
37 689
.. 101399
51 971
Washington D C..
53 351
216 719
98 690
61 346
84 752
Seattle Wash
156 523
64486
48 729
Louisville, Ky
19.197
Rochester. N. Y
55,541
St. Paul. Minn
51.679
Denver. Col
79,522
Portland Ore
. . 116,788
Columbus, O
55.951
Toledo, O
36.675
Atlanta. Ga
64,967
Oakland Cal
83.214
Worcester Mass. .
27.565
Syracuse. N. Y
28.875
New Haven Conn . .
25578
Birmingham, Ala.. .
94.270
Memphis, Tenn
28,785
Scranton, Pa
.. .27,841
Richmond, Va.. ..
85 050
Paterson. N. J
20,429
Omaha, Neb
21.541
Fall River, Mass
14.432
Dayton, O
31,244
Grand Rapids. Mich..
25.006
Nashville. Tenn
29,499
Lowell, Mass
11.325
Cambridge. Mass
12.953
Spokane. Wash
67.554
Bridgeport, Conn.. ..
31.058
43.7 22.130 45.3 21.223
6.5 *772 «0.8 4.165
76.8
4.6
Albany. N. Y
6,102
AMERICAN CITIES WITH POPULATION OF 25,000 TO 100.000 IN 1910.
City.
Akron, O
Allentown. Pa
Altoona. Pa
Pr. ct. Inc.
Population. 1900- 1890-
1910. 1900. 1890. 1910. 1900.
68,067 42,728 27,601 61.6 54.8
51 913 35,416 25.228 46.6 40.4
52,127 38,973 30,337 33.8 28.5
Pr. ct. Inc.
Population. 1900- 1890-
City. 1910. 1900. 1890. 1910. 1900.
Amsterdam. N. Y... 31.267 20,929 17,336 49.4 20.7
Atlantic City. N. J. 46.J50 27.838 13.055 65.8 113.2
Auburn, N. Y 34.668 30.345 25,858 14.2 17.4
120
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pr. ct. inc.
Population. 1900- 1890-
City. 1910. 1900. 1890. 1910. 1900.
Augusta, Ga 41,040 39441 33300 41 184
Pr. ct. inc.
Population. 1900- 1890-
City. 1910. 1900. 1890. 1910. 1900.
Montgomery All 38 136 30 346 21 883 25 7 38 7
Aurora, 111 29,807 24,147 19,688 23.4 22.6
Mount Vernon, N.Y. 30,5*19 21,i'U8 10*830 45 7 96 0
Austin, Tex ,.. 29,860. 22,258 14,575 34.2 52.7
Battle Creek, Mich. 25.267 18,563 33,197 36.1 40.7
Bay City, Mich 45,166 27,628 27,839 63.5 *0.8
Bayonne, N. J 55,545 32,722 19,033 69.7 71.9
Berkeley, Cal. 40,434 13,214 5,101206.0159.0
Binghamton, N. Y.. 48,443 39,647 35,005 22.2 13.3
Bloomiugton, 111 25,768 23,286 20,484 10.7 13.7
Brockton Mass 56,878 40,063 27294 420 468
Muskogee, Okla 25,278 4,254 t 4S4.2 ..'..
Nashua, N. H 26,005 23,898 19,311 8.8 23.8
Newark, O . 25,404 18,157 14,270 39.9 27.2
New Bedford, Muss. 96.652 62,4i2 40,733 54.8 53.3
New Britain, Conn. 43,916 25,968 16,519 68.9 57.4
Newburgh, N. Y 27,805 24,943 23,087 11.5 8.9
Newcastle, Pa 36,280 28,3311 11,600 28.0144.3
Newport, Ky 30309 28 301 24918 71 136
Brookline, Mass 27,792 19,935 12,103 39.4 64.7
Butte, Mont 39,165 30,470 10723 285184.2
Newport, R. 1 27,149 22,441 19,457 21.0 15.3
New Rochelle, N.Y. 28,867 14,720 9 057 96.1 62.5
Camdeu, N. J 94,538 75,935 58,313 24.5 30.2
Canton, 0 50,217 30,667 26,189 63.7 17.1
Newton, Mass 39,806 33,587 24,379 18.5 37.8
Niagara Falls N Y 30 445 19 457 t 56 5
Cedar Rjipids, Iowa 32,811 25,656 18,020 27.9 42.4
Norfolk, Va 67,452 46624 34871 447 337
Charleston, S. O.,.. 58,833 55,807 £4,955 5.4 1.6
Charlotte, N. C 34,014 18,091 11,557 88.0 56.5
Chattanooga, Tenn. 44,604 30,154 29,100 47.9 3.6
Chelsea, Mass 32,452 34,072 27,909 *4.8 22.1
Chester, Pa 38,537 33,988 20,226 13.4 68.0
Norristown, Pa 27,8'.5 22,265 19,791 26.2 12.5
Ogden, Utah 25,580 16,313 14,889 56.8 9.6
Oklahoma City.Okla. 64,205 10,037 4,151539.7141.8
Orange. N. J 29,630 24,141 18,844 22.7 28.1
Oshkosh, Wis 33062 28284 22836 169 239
Chicopee, Mass 25,401 19,167 14,050 32.5 36.4
Clinton, Iowa 25,577 22,698 13,619 12.7 66.7
Pasadena, Cal 30,291 9,117 4,882 232.2 86.7
Passaic, N. J 54,773 27,777 13028 97.2 1132
Colorado Sprjts..Ool. 29.078 21,085 11,140 37.9 89.3
Columbia. S. C 26,319 21,108 15,353 24.7 37.5
Council Bluffs. Iowa 29,292 25,802 21,474 13.6 20.2
Covington, Ky 53,270 42,938 37,371 24.1 14.9
Dallas, Tex 92 104 42 638 38 067 116 0 12 0
Pawtucket, R. I.... 51,622 39,231 27,633 31.5 42.0
Pooria, 111 66,950 66,100 41,024 19.3 36.7
Perth Amboy, N. J. 32,121 17,699 9,512 81.5 86.1
Pittsfleld, Mass 32,121 21,766 17,281 47.6 26.0
Portland Me 58 571 50 145 36 425 16 8 37 7
Danville, 111 27,871 16,354 11,491 70.4 42.3
Davenport, Iowa 43,028 35,254 26,872 22.1 31.2
Decatur, 111 31140 20754 16841 500 232
Portsmouth, Va 33,190 17,427 13|268 90.5 31.3
Poughkeepsie, N. Y 27,930 24,029 22,206 16.3 8.2
Pueblo, Col 44395 28157 24558 577 147
Des Moines, Iowa.. 86,368 62,139 50,093 39.0 24.0
Quincy, 111 36,587 36,252 31,494 0.9 15.1
Dubuque, Iowa 38,494 36,297 30,311 6.1 19.7
Pulntli. Minn 78,466 52 969 33,115 48.1 60.0
Quincy, Mass 32,642 23,899 16,723 36.6 42.9
Racine, Wis 38,002 29102 21014 306 385
Easton, Pa 28523 ?5,233 14,481 13.0 74.3
Reading, Pa 96,071 78961 58661 217 346
East Orange, N. J.. 31.371 21,506 33,282 53.8 61.9
East St. Louis, 111. 58.547 29,655 15,169 97.4 95.5
Roanoke, Va 34.X74 21,495 16,159 62.2 33.0
rtockford, 111 46.401 31,051 23,584 46.2 31.7
El Paso Tex 39,279 15,906 10,338146.9 53.9
Elsrin, 111 25976 22433 17823 158 259
Sacramento, Cal.... 44,690 29,282 26,386 52.6 11.0
Saglnaw, Mich 60,510 42,345 46,322 19.3 *8.6
Elizabeth, N. J 73,409 52,130 37,764 40.8 38.0
Elmira, N. Y 37.176 35,672 30,893 4.2 15.5
Erie, Pa 66,525 52,733 40,634 26.2 29.8
St. Joseph. Mo 77,403 102,979 52,324*24.8 96.8
Salem, Mass 43,697 35.956 30,801 21.5 16.7
Salt Lake City.Utah 92,777 53,521 44,843 73.3 19.4
Evansville, Ind 69,647 59,007 50,756 18.0 16.3
Everett, Mass....... 33,484 24,336 11,068 37.6119.9
Fitchburg, Mass.... 37,826 31,531 22,037 20.0 43.1
Flint, Mich 38,550 13,103 9,803 194.2 33.7
San Antonio, Tex . . 96,614 53,?21 37,673 81.2 41.5
San Diero, Cal 39,578 17,700 16,159123.6 9.5
San Jose", Cal 28,946 21,r,00 18,060 34.6 19.0
Savannah, Ga 65,064 54,244 43,189 19.9 25.6
Fort Wayne, ltd... 63933 45,115 35,393 41,7 27.5
Fort Worth, Tex... 73,312 26,688 23,076174.7 15.7
Galveston, Tex 36,981 37,789 29,084 *2.1 29.9
Green Bay, Wis.... 25,236 18,684 9,069 35.1106.0
Hamilton, 0 35,279 23,914 17,565 47.5 36.1
Harrisburg, Pa 64,186 50.167 39,385 27.9 27.4
Hartford, Conn 98,915 79,850 53,230 23.9 60.0
Haverhill, Mass.... 44,115 37,175 27,412 18.7 35.6
Hazleton, Pa 25.452 14,230 11,872 78.9 19.9
Hoboken, N. J 70,324 59,364 43,648 1S.5 36.0
Holyoke, Mass 57,730 45,712 35,637 26.3 28.3
Houston, Tex 78.800 44,633 27,557 76.6 62.0
Huntington. W. Va. 31,161 11,923 10,108 161.4 18.0
Jackson, Mich 31,433 25,180 20,798 24.8 21.1
Jacksonville, Fla... 57,699 28,429 17,201103.0 65.3
Scheuectady, N. Y.. 72.S26 31,682 19,902 119.9 59.2
Shebovgan, Wis 26,398 22,062 16,359 15.0 40.4
Shenandoah, Pa 25,774 20,321 15,944 26.8 27.5
Shreveport, La S8.015 16,013 11,979 75.0 33.7
Sioux City, Iowa.... 47,828 33,111 37,806 44.4*12.4
Somerville, Mass... 77,i?.6 61,643 40,152 25.3 53.5
South Bond, Ind 53.684 35,999 21,819 49.1 65.0
South Omaha, Neb. 26,259 26.001 8,062 1.0 222.5
Springfield, 111 51,678 34,159 24,963 51.3 36.8
Spriugneld, Mass.... 88.926 62,059 44,379 43.3 40.5
Springfield, Mo 35,201 23,267 21,850 51.3 6.5
Springfield, O 46,521 38,253 31,895 22.7 19.9
Stamford, Conn. ... i5,138 15,997 t 57.1 ....
Superior, Wis 40,384 31,091 11,983 29.9159.5
Tacoma, Wash 83,743 37,714 36,006 122.0 4.7
Tampa, Fla 37,782 15,839 5,532 138.5 186.3
Johnstown,' Pa....!. 55)482 3o!936 2l!s05 6-T.4 K4'.S
Jollet, 111 34,670 29,353 23,264 18.1 26.2
Taunton, Mass 34,259 31,036 25,448 10.4 22.0
Terre Haute, Ind .. 58,157 35,«73 30,217 62.6 21.4
Topeka, Kas 43,684 33,608 31,007 30.0 8.4
Kalaniazoo, Mich... 39,437 24*404 17*853 61.6 36.7
Kansas City, Kas... 82,331 51,418 38,316 60.1 34.2
Kingston, N. Y 25,908 24,535 21,261 5.6 15.4
Trenton, N. J 96.S15 73,307 67,458 32.1 27.6
Troy, N. Y 76,813 60,651 60,956 26.6 *O.B
Utica, N. Y 74,419 56,383 44,007 32.0 28.1
Waco, Tex 26,425 20,686 14,445 27.7 43.2
LaCrosse.' Wis...'...! 3o',417 28^895 26*090 5.3 15.2
Lancaster, Pa 47,227 41,459 32,011 13.9 29.5
Lansing, Mich 31,229 16,485 13,102 89.4 25.8
Lawrence, Mass 85,892 62,559 44,654 37.3 40.1
Lewiston Me 26 247 23 761 21 701 10 5 95
Waltham, Mass 27,834 23,481 18.707 18.5 25.5
Warwick. R. 1 26,629 21,316 17,761 24.9 20.0
Waterbury, Conn... 73,141 45,859 28,646 69.5 60.1
Waterloo. Iowa 26,693 12,580 6,674112.2 88.5
Watertown. N. Y... 26.736 21.696 14,725 23.2 47.3
Lexington, Ky 35,099 26.369 21,567 33.1 22.3
Lima, 0 30.508 21,723 35,981 40.4 35.9
West Hoboken, N.J. 35,403 23,094 11,665 63.3 98.0
Wheeling. W. Va... 41,641 38.S7S 34,522 7.1 12.4
Lincoln, Neb 43,973 40,169 55,154 9.5*27.2
Little Rock, Ark.... 45,941 38,307 25,874 19.9 48.1
Loraln, O ..28,883 16.028 4.S63 S0.2 229.6
Lynchburg, Va 29,484 18,891 19.709 5fi.l *4.2
Lynn, Mass 89.336 68,513 55,727 30.4 22.9
Wichita, Kas 52,450 24,671 23,853 112.6 3.6
Wilkes-Barre, Pa... 67,105 51,721 37,718 29.7 37.1
Williamsport, Pa... 31.860 28,757 27,132 10.8 6.0
Wilmington, Del.... 87,411 76,508 61,431 14.3 24.5
Wilmington, N. C.. 25,748 20,976 20,056 22.7 4.6
Macon, Ga 40665 23272 22746 747 23
Woonsocket, R. I... ?8,125 28,204 20,830 38.7 35.4
McKeesport, Pa 42,694 34,227 20,741 247 65.0
Madison, Wis 25.531 19164 13.426 3S.2 42.7
Maiden, Mass 44,404 33,664 23.031 31.9 46.2
Manchester, N. H.. 70,063 56,987 44,126 22.9 29.1
Meriden, Conn 27,265 24,296 21,652 12.2 12.2
Mobile. Ala 51.521 38.469 31.076 339 23.8
Yonkers, N. Y 79,803 47,931 32,033 66.5 49.6
York, Pa 44.7HO 33.708 20,793 32.8 62.1
Yoiingstown, 0 79,066 44.885 33.220 76.2 35.1
ZanesTille, 0 28,026 22,238 21,009 19.1 12.0
•Decrease, tlncornorated since 1S90.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
121
CITIES OF FASTEST GROWTH. 1900 TO
1910.
Pop., Pet. Inc.
Rank. City. 1910. 1900-1910.
1. Oklahoma City, Okla 64,205 539.7
2. Mv.skogee, Okla 25,278 494.2
3. Birmingham, Ala 132,685 245.4
4. Pasadena, Cal 30.291 232.2
6. Los Angeles, Cal 319,198 211.5
6. Berkeley, Cal 40,434 206.0
7. Flint, Mich 38,550 194.3
8. Seattle, Wasli 237,194 194.0
9. Spokane, Wash 104.402 183.3
10. Fort Worth, Tex 73,312 174.7
11. Huntington, W. Va 31,161 161.4
12. El Paso, Tex 39,279 146.9
13. Tampa, Fla 37,782 138.5
14. Schenectady, N. Y 72,826 129.9
15. Portland, Ore 207,214 129.2
16. Oakland, Cal..... 150,174 T24.3
17. San Dies?o, Cal 39,578 123.6
18. Tacoma, Wash 83,743 122.0
19. Dallas, Tex 92,104 116.0
Pop. Pet. inc.
Rank. City. 1910. 1900-1910.
20. Wichita, Kas 52,450 112.5
21. Waterloo. Iowa 26,693 112.2
22. Jacksonville, Fla , 57,699 103.0
AREA OF
Land a
New York
Chicago
Philadelphia ..
St. Louis
Boston
Cleveland
Baltimore
Pittsburgh
Detroit
Los Angeles...
Buffalo
San Francisco.
Milwaukee
Cincinnati ....
Newark. N. J.
CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES,
rca in acres July 1, 1915.
.183,555.0
.121,502.6
. 83,340.0
. 39,100.0
. 27,612.0
. 33,547.5
. 19,290.0
. 25,383.3
. 26,726.4
.183,464.0
. 24,894.0
. 26,632.9
. 32.069.0
. 45.255.0
. 14.858.0
New Orleans ____ 125,440.0
Washington
Minneapolis ...
Seattle
Jersey City
Kansas City
38,408.4
32,069.0
37,481.0
8,320.0
37,555.8
Portland, Ore.. 32,748.8
Indianapolis ... 22,165.1
Denver ......... 37,028.0
Rochester, N. Y. 14,876.3
11,353.0
33,388.0
15,368.4
14,149.6
St. Paul
Louisville
Columbus, O..
ELEVATION OF AMERICAN CITIES.
[From Henry Gannett's "Dictionary of Altitudes."]
Where two elevations in the same city are officially recorded at or near the surface of
given they represent the lowest and highest the ground.
Alabama — Feet. Feet. Feet.
Birmingham 591-606 Oak Park 630 Somerville 13
Peoria . ...453-468
Mobile 8-15
Montgomery 160-222
Arizona— Flagstaff 6,894
Phoenix 1,083-1,090
Tucson 2,376
Williams 6.752
Arkansas— Fort Smith 423-448
Hot Springs 598-607
Little Rock 249-299
California — Alameda 12
Berkeley 29-183
Fresno 287
Long Beach 47
Los Angeles 266-338
Oakland 8-24
Pasadena 829
Sacramento 30
San Bernardino.. 1,011-1, 077
San Diego... 6-46
San Francisco 6-85
San Jose 81-118
Stockton 11-19
Colorado —
Colorado Springs.5. 968-5. 982
Cripple Creek 9,591
Denver 5.183-5,279
Leadville 10,190
Pueblo 4.657-4,690
Connecticut— Bridgeport 9
Hartford 34-38
Meriden 150
New Britain 199
New Haven 6-38
Norwalk 39
Stamford 34
Waterbury 260
Delaware — Wilmington.. .8-134
District of Columbia —
Washington 10-34
Florida — Jacksonville 8
Pensacola 39
Tampa 15
Georgia— Atlanta .1.032-1,163
Augusta . . .'. 143
Macon 311-334
Savannah 31
Idahc>— Boise 2,695
Illinois— ^Aurora 647
Bloomington 781
Chicago 590-652
Danville 598-602
Decatur 647
East St. Louis 415-420
Elgin 715
Evanston 601-603
Jacksonville 600-614
Joliet 536-540
Moline 573-586
Quincy 360-488
Rockford 716-730
Rock Island 540-569
Springfield 595-612
Indiana— Evansville . .318-383
Fort Wayne 763-788
Hammond 589-597
Indianapolis 720-726
Muncie 935-950
South Bend 708-725
Terre Haute 485
Iowa — Burlington 511-533
Cedar Rapids 732-737
Clinton 566-589
Council Bluffs 962-984
Davenport 529-591
Des Moines 803-805
Dubuque 605-841
Sioux City 1,076-1.110
Waterloo 847-852
Kansas— A tchison 760-840
Hutchinson 1,523-1,530
Kansas City 750-779
Leavenworth 765-787
Topeka 880-934
Wichita 1,291-1,296
Kentucky — Covington 513
Lexington 946-980
Louisville 394-457
Newport 500-513
Louisiana — New Orleans. 6-15
Shreveport 182-240
Maine — Bangor 18-24
Lewiston 149-199
Portland 11-26
Maryland — Annapolis 2-42
Baltimore 63-92
Cumberland 609-776
Hagerstown 520-563
Massachusetts — Boston ..8-169
Brockton 128
Cambridge . . . , 22
Chelsea 11
Everett 12
Fall River 42
Fitchburg 438
Haverhill 35
Holyoke 115
Lawrence 65
Lowell 101-111
Lynn 26
Maiden 34
Medf ord 13
New Bedford 17
Newton 33
Pittsfleld 1.013
Salem . 10
Springfield 83
Taunton 54
Waltham 51
Worcester 469-477
Michigan— Ann Arbor. 611-771
Battle Creek 816-823
Bay City 594
Detroit 579-635
Flint 711-712
Grand Rapids 610-641
Jackson 940-944
Kalamazoo 753-784
Lansing 828-845
Muskegon 592-619
Saginaw 593
Duluth 607-627
Minneapolis 816-848
St. Paul 683-935
Mississippi — Jackson ..283-298
Macon 175-179
Natchez 16-202
Vicksburg 43-197
Missouri —
Jefferson City 554-637
Joplin 983-1,114
Kansas City 742-811
St. Joseph 813-847
St. Louis 413-487
Springfield 1,260
Montana— Butte ..5.534-5,713
Helena 3,913-4,157
Kalispell 2,946
Livingston 4,491
Nebraska —
Grand Island 1.858-1,864
Lincoln 1,148
Omaha 960-1,042
Nevada— Carspn City 4.660
New Hampshire —
Manchester 173
Nashua 150
New Jersey— Atlantic City9-10
Bayonne 5O
Camden 21-31
East Orange 173
Elizabeth 12-38
Jersey City 8-104
Newark 3-119
New Brunswick 18-97
Orange 187-193
Passaic 57
Paterson 82-193
Trenton 31-56
New Mexico —
Albuquerque 4,493-5,008
Deming 4.325
Las Vegas 6,391
Santa Fe 6,947-6.956
122
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
Feet.
New York— Albany 5-26
Amsterdam 264-280
Auburn 643-768
Bing-hamton 863-865
Buffalo ....576-586
Elmira 836-858
Jamestown 1,317
Kingston 182-223
New York 8-72
Pougrhkeepsie 28-243
Rochester 505-514
Schenectady 233-241
Syracuse 403-431
Troy 23-35
Utica 406-548
Watertown 398
West Point 10
North Carolina —
Asheville 1,981-1.986
Charlotte 708-721
Wilmington 25
Winston-Salem 858-877
North Dakota-
Bismarck 1.618-1,672
Grand Forks 836-841
Minot 1.557
Valley City 1,221-1.311
Ohio— Akron 873-1,007
Canton 1,030-1,036
Cleveland 578-785
Cincinnati 481-545
Columbus 712-794
Dayton 739-745
Hamilton 591-605
Lima 833-880
Lorain 610
Newark 822
Portsmouth 468-525
Springrfield 980-987
Steubenville 641-781
Toledo 582-602
Youngrstown 839-847
Zanesville 694-704
Feet.
Oklahoma— Muskogee .588-611
Oklahoma City 1,197
Oregon— Portland 28-175
Salem 163
Pennsylvania —
Allentown 254-321
Altoona 1.161-1.192
Chester 22-24
Easton 211-364
Erie 575-713
Harrisburgr 317-357
Hazleton 1.624
Johnstown 1.169-1,184
Lancaster 300-357
McKeesport 752
New Castle 806
Norristown 83
Philadelphia 26-408
Pittsburg-h 731-756
Reading- 206-264
Scranton 726-762
Wilkesbarre 532-643
Williamsport 520-528
York 370-371
Rhode Island— Central Falls.88
Cranston ..' 84
Newport 6
Pawtucket 92
Providence 11
Woonsocket 162
South Carolina —
Charleston 10-15
Columbia 190-322
South Dakota-
Chamberlain 1,323-1.359
Deadwood 4.532-4,543
Pierre 1.440-1.441
Rapid City 3.106-3.244
Sioux Falls 1,389-1,420
Tennessee —
Chattanooga 631-690
Knoxville ..807-933
Memphis 117-273
Nashville 450
Feet.
Texas— Austin 466-507
Beaumont 17-24
Dallas 425-448
El Paso 3.695-3.711
Fort Worth 534-620
Galveston 4-6
Houston 38-53
San Antonio 637-672
Waco 400-427
Utah— Og-den 4.296
Salt Lake City.. .4,224-4.253
Vermont — Montpelier 484
Virginia— Lynchburg- ..517-526
Norfolk 12
Petersburg- 11-85
Portsmouth 10
Richmond 15-206
Boanoke 423
Washing-ton— Belling-ham ... .60
Everett 7-21
Seattle 10
Spokane 1.879-1,935
Tacoma 12-210
West Virginia —
Charleston 602-603
Hunting-ton 565
Wheeling- 622-652
Wisconsin— Appleton ..709-719
Beloit 741-743
Eau Claire 788-841
Fond du Lac 747-775
Green Bay 590
Kenosha 611
La Crosse 644-657
Madison 849-860
Milwaukee 579-636
Oshkosh 743-760
Racine 588-629
Sheboygan 589
Superior 606-671
Wyoming —
Cheyenne 6.062-6,101
Laramie 7.132-7.165
LARGEST CITIES OF THE WORLD.
[Population according to latest census reports or official estimates.]
City. Year. Pop.
Aachen 1910 156.143
Aberdeen 1915 164,307
Adelaide* 1915 205,000
Agra 1911 185,449
Ahmedabad 1911 215,835
Albany 1917 106,632
Aleppot 1912 250.000
Alexandria 1916 405.882
Alger 1911 172.397
Allahabad 1911 171,697
Altona 1910 172,628
Amritsar 1911 152,756
Amsterdam 1916 628.404
Antungf 1911 161,000
Antwerp 1912 312.884
Astrakhan 1913 162,482
Asuncion 1916 120,000
Athens 1907 167,479
Atlanta 1917 196,144
Augsburg 1910 102.487
Bagdad 1912 225.000
Bahiaf 1911 290,000
Baltimore 1917 594.637
Bangalore 1911 189,485
Bangkok 1910 628,675
Barcelona 1917 621,419
Bareilly 1911 129.462
Barl 1915 109,218
Barmen 1910 169,214
Basel 1916 137,000
Batavia 1915 138,551
Beirutt 1912 150,000
Belemt 1911 200.000
Belfast 1914 399,000
Benares 1911 203,804
Berlin 1913 3,709,000
Birmingham, Eng..M14 860,591
Birmingham. Ala... 1917 189,716
Bochum 1910 136.931
Bogota 1912 121,257
City. Year.
Bologna 1915
Bolton 1911
Bombay 1911
Bordeaux ...1911
Boston 1917
Bradford 1914
Bremen 1910
Breslau 1910
Bridgeport. Conn.. .1917
Brighton, England. 1911
Brisbane* 1915
Bristol. England... 1914
Brunnf 1914
Brunswick 1910
Brussat 1912
Brussels* 1912
Bucharest 1914
Budapest 1910
Buenos Airest 1916 1,596,927
Buffalo 1916
Cairo, Egypt 1916
Calcutta* 1911
Cambridge, Mass... 1917
Camden 1917
Cantonf 1912
Canton. O 1917
Cardiff 1911
Carlsruhe 1910
Cartagena 1910
Cassel 1910
Catania 1915
Cawnpore 1911
Changshat 1912
Charlottenburg 1910
Chemnitz 1910
Chicagot 1917
Chinklangt 1912
Chrisfeiania 1910
Chungking! 1912
Cholon 1911
Pop.
189,770
180,851
979,445
261,678
767,813
290,642
247.437
512,105
124.724
131,237
161,938
361,573
131,800
143.552
110,000
663,647
345,628
880,371
1,596,927
468.558
740,000
1,122,313
475,781
114.293
900.000
108.117
182.259
134.331
102.542
153.196
217.389
178,557
250,000
305,978
287,807
2.547.201
184,000
241,834
598,000
191.655
City.
Cincinnati
Year.
...1917
Pop.
414.248
692.259
516.527
213,396
220,135
1,200.000
605,772
135,000
115,489
171,000
129,406
169.551
108,551
129,758
250,000
170,337
128.939
232.837
268.439
123.410
104,052
619.648
214,226
548,308
406,000
229,483
178.574
358.728
110.912
326,901
170.195
111,463
294,653
129.828
102,550
242,147
109,597
414,576
624,000
169,513
...1917
...1910
...1911
...1917
Constantinople! ...1912
Copenhagen* 1916
Cordoba, Arg. Rep.fl915
Coventry 1914
...1914
Crefeld
...1910
...1911
...1911
Dallas
...1917
...1912
...1910
...1917
Delhi
...1911
Denver
Derby, England
...1917
...1911
...1917
Detroit
...1917
...1910
...1910
Dublin
...1914
...1910
...1915
...1910
...1910
...1915
Elberfeld
...1910
Erfurt
...1910
...1910
Pall River
...1917
...1915
...1915
Fort Worth
...1917
...1910
...1912
Gelsenkirchen .
...1910
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
123
City.
Year. Pop.
..1913 136,700
City.
Year. Pop.
..1911 470 483
City. Year. Pop.
Genoa
..1915 300,139
Moscow
..1915 1817,100
Ghent
.1912 167,477
.1911 158.132
Seoul 1912 278 958
.1916 1,072,793
.1910 112.5SO
Seville 1917 164*322
..1916 191,535
..1910 696.467
Shanghaif 1912 651*000
Grand Rapids
Grazf
.1917 109,597
..1914 156,500
..1917 133,012
Sheffield 1914 472' 234
1916 136 800
.1910 118,799
1916 389 272
.1915 105,000
1911 101 415
Halifax, England
Halle
.1914 100,701
.1910 180.843
Nancy
.1911 119 949
Soerakarta ...... .1915 118,'378
Nankinct •
.1912 267 000
Hamborn. Germanymo 101,703
Hamburg i»i*» «si nss
.1911 170 535
Southampton 1914 122,577
South Shields 1914 110 604
..1915 697 917
.1912 350,000
Nashville
.1917 118 136
Spokane 1917 157*656
Hankowf
.1912 826,000
Neukolla
.1910 237 289
Springfield. Mass... 1917 108*,668
Srinagar 1911 126 344
Hanover
.1910 302,375
Newark. N. J,....
.1917 418 789
.1917 132.861
New Bedford
.1917 t21 622
Stettin 1910 236*113
Hartford
.1917 112 831
.1914 $71*523
Stockholm 1916 408*702
.1916 359,259
1917 152 275
Stockport 1914 124*326
Havre
.1911 136 1B9
1917 377 016
Stoke-on-Trent ....1914 239*515
Strassburg 1910 178,891
Stuttgart ..........1910 286 218
.1911 153,672
New York
Nice
.1917 5.737,492
.1911 142 940
.1916 167.400
.1911 366,145
Nikalayeo
.1911 103 491
Suchowf 1912 600*000
.1917 116,873
Ningpot
.1912 350 000
Sunderland 1914 152*436
Huddersfield
1914 111 031
Nizhni-Novgorod .
Norwich, England.
.1913 111,600
.1914 123,377
.1914 264 970
Hull
.1914 287,472
Swansea 1911 114*663
.1911 BOO 623
Sydney, N. S. W.*.1915 7631300
.1917 283.622
Nurnberg .........
.1910 333 142
.1910 168,498
1917 206 405
Jaipur
.1911 137.098
Odessa
.1912 631 040
Jersey City........
.1917 312,557
Oldham
.1914 150 055
Johannesburg
.1911 237,220
1917 177 777
Teherant 1913 280*000
Jubbulpore
.1911 100.651
1911 194 00")
The Hague 1916 334*081
.1916 129.100
1911 123 D8G
Kansas City
.1917 305,816
.1913 100 130
Kansas' City, Kas.
Karachi
.1917 102,086
.1911 151,903
1916 1 460 918
1915 105 135
Toronto 1911 376 538
.1913 194,246
1915 345 891
.1913 249,698
Paris
1911 2 888 110
Kiel
.1910 211,627
1917 140 512
Kiev
.1913 626,313
Trichinopoly 1911 122028
Kishinev
.1913 128,209
Pekin . . .
1912 692 500
Kobe
.1916 498.315
1911 150 000
.1910 245,994
Perth. Australia..
.1911 106.792
1915 2 318 645
Kyoto
.1916 539,153
Lahore
.1911 228,687
Philadelphia.
1917 1 735 514
La Pazf
.1915 100,097
Utrecht 1916 133*344
La Plata
.1912 106,382
Pittsburgh
1917 586 196
Lawrence. Mass...
Leeds
.1917 102,923
.1914 457,507
1910 121.272
.1914 113,134
Plymouth, England
Vancouver 1911 100*401
.1914 231,152
.1910 589 850
Port au Prince.... 1912 100.' 000
.1914 212,000
.1912 170,634
1910 156 691
Lille
1911 217,807
1913 143,500
.1911 435,3fj9
1917 308 399
Washington. 1917 369* 289
Lima
Portsmouth, Eng . .
.1914 241,748
1914 541 500
West Ham 1914 294476
.1914 763,926
1914 118 118
Wiesbaden 1910 109*002
Livorno
.1915 108,585
1917 259 895
Wilmersdorf 1910 109*716
London, Greater..
.1911 7,419,704
.1917 535.485
Puebla
.1910 101 214
tVinnipeg mi 136*035
Puket
.1910 179 600
Worcester. Mass.... 1917 166,106
.1917 240,808
1911 293,316
1917 111 607
.1917 114,306
Yaroslav 1913 119*167
.1911 259,798
1911 115.178
1917 158.702
1913 558,000
1911 1.128,837
1917 264,714
1915 590 960
Yekaterlnoslav ....1912 220|446
Yokohama 1916 428 663
.1917 104 534
Lyons
1911 B23.796
1911 518,660
.1917 648.760
Itiga
Youngstown 1917 112*282
Rio de Janeiro ...
Rochester. N. Y...
Madura
1911 134.130
1910 279.629
1910 110.634
1917 140.975
1916 111,823
1914 731.830
1911 138,299
•With suburbs. tEstimated.
Magdeburg
1915 234,009
1913 204,725
1916 487.077
1911 122,723
1911 124,987
1910 105,089
1911 148,656
1917 768.630
1917 252,465
Rostov-on-Don ....
RANK OF LARGEST CITIES.
, City. Rank. Population.
loubaix
Manchester, Eng..
louen
New Yorkf (1917).. 2 6,737.492
Berlin 3 3,709.000
1910 193,902
1911 550,619
St. Louis
St. Paul
P«ris 4 2.888.110
Chicago 5 2,547.201
?okyo 6 2,349,830
Messina
Mexico City
1915 684,000
1917 151.877
1915 150,000
1910 471 066
Salford
Salonikif
Salt Lake City....
Samara
1914 232,970
1913 160,000
1917 121,623
1913 143,800
1917 128.215
1917 471.023
1915 408,247
1911 450.000
1913 235,300
1910 172.823
Petrograd 7 2,318.645
Vienna 8 2,149,800
loscow 9 1,817,100
'hiladelphia 10 1,735.614
Milan
.1915 663.059
1917 445.008
1917 373,448
1913 115.700
1916 376,163
San Francisco
Santiago, Chile...
Osaka 12 1,460,218
Constantinople 13 1,200,000
Uo de Janeiro 14 1,128.637
Calcutta 15 1122313
Minsk
Saratov
Schoenebere ..
•Greater. tWithin limits.
124
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IN
In census usage a "dwelling" is any buildifeg
in which one or more persons reside. A mere
cabin, or room in a warehouse, occupied by a
single person, is a census dwelling, while, on the
other hand, an apartment house containing many
families constitutes only one dwelling. Only oc-
cupied dwellings are included in the following
tables. The term "family" as used in census
reports means a household or group of persons,
whether related by blood or not, who share a
common abode, usually also sharing the same
table. If one person lives alone he constitutes a
family, while, on the other hand, those who dwell
in a hotel or institution in which many people
live are also treated as forming a single family.
There is, however, no considerable difference be-
tween the average size of all families under the
census usage and the average size of what are
commonly termed families or households in popu-
lar speech. In 1900 the difference for the United
States as a whole was only 0.1 per cent.
At each census from 1850 to 1910 a decrease
was shown in the average number of persons per
dwelling and the average number per family.
The decrease in the average number per dwell-
ing has been due to the decrease in the average
per family, the influence of which has been
partly offset by the increased construction of
tenements and other dwellings containing more
than one family.
In 1910 there were 7,254,242 dwellings and S.499,-
765 families in urban communities, while there
were 10,551,603 dwellings and 10,755,790 families
in rural communities. For urban communities the
number of persons to a dwelling averaged 5.9
and to a family 4.5; for rural communities the
number of persons to a dwelling averaged 4.7
and to a family 4.6.
BY STATES.
Dwell- *Per- Fam- tPer-
State. ings. sons. ilies. sons.
Alabama 441,249 5.0 454,767 4.7
THE UNITED STATES (1910).
Dwell- *Per- Fam- fPer-
Stato. ings. sons. ilies. sons.
Oklahoma 342488 48 351167 47
Oregon 144*832 46 151*858 44
Pennsylvania l 507 483 51 1 630 628 4 7
Rhode Island 79725 68 117*976 46
South Carolina 302842 50 315*204 48
South Dakota 127739 46 131*060 45
Tennessee 444814 49 469*553 47
Texas 779177 50 798*426 49
Utah 72649 51 77339 48
Vermont 77 466 46 85* 178 42
Virginia 400445 51 419452 49
Washington 238 822 4 8 254*'!<)2 4 5
West Virginia 239,128 5.1 248*840 49
Wisconsin 462 355 5 0 499 629 4 7
Wyoming 30,969 4.7 32*092 4^5
United States 17,805,842 5.2 20,255,555 4.5
In 1900 14430145 53 16187715 47
In 1890 11483318 55 12*690*152 49
•Persons to a dwelling. fPersons to a* family.
BY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
Dwell- *Per- Fam- fPer-
City. ings. sons. ilies. sons.
Albany, N. Y 15,437 65 24069 42
Atlanta, Oa 30,308 5.1 35813 43
Baltimore, Md 101,905 5.5 118851 47
Birmingham, Ala 26,989 4.9 31,050 4,3
Boston, Mass.. .. 73 919 9 1 139 700 4 8
Bridgeport, Conn 14J934 6*8 21*689 4'.7
Buffalo, N. Y 62335 6.8 91328 46
Cambridge, Mass 14577 72 22765 46
Chicago, 111 246,744 89 473141 46
Cincinnati, O 49525 7.3 87541 42
Cleveland, 0 90465 62 124822 45
Columbus, 0 39580 46 42645 43
Dayton, 0 26692 44 28370 41
Denver, Col 44,736 48 51339 42
Detroit, Mich 83124 56 100356 46
Fall River. Mass 10,962 10.9 24,378 4.9
Grand Rapids, Mich... 23,432 4.8 26,925 4.2
Indianapolis, Ind 53,359 4.3 58,645 4.0
Jersey City, N. J 27,805 9.6 66,790 4.7
Arizona 45,386 4.5 47,927 4.3
Arkansas 327625 4.8 333,368 4.7
California 613481 4.6 563,636 4.2
Los Angeles, Cal 69,061 4.6 78,678 4.1
Louisville, Ky 41,686 6.4 52,155 43
Colorad( 183,874 4.3 194,467 4.1
Connecticut 181 911 6.1 246,659 4.5
Lowell. Mass 15,056 7.1 21,932 4.8
Delaware 43 183 4.7 44,951 4.5
Memphis, Tenn 26,710 4.9 31,154 4.2
District of Columbia 58,513 5.7 71,339 4.6
Florida 165,818 4.5 171,422 4.4
Milwaukee, Wis 60,724 6.2 80,566 46
Minneapolis, Minn 46,903 6.4 63,241 4.8
Nashville, Tenn 22,118 5.0 26,077 42
Georgia . 530 631 4.9 663 264 4.7
Idaho 71 830 4.5 73,669 4.4
New Haven, Conn 17,466 7.6 29.271 4.6
New Orleans. La 67,192 5.0 73,377 4.6
New York, N. Y 305,698 15.6 1,020,827 4.7
Illinois 1,006,848 5.6 1,264,717 4.5
Indiana 631,554 4.3 654,891 4.1
Iowa 498 943 4 5 612 515 4 3
Newark, N. J 38,693 9.0 77039 45
Kansas 385 672 4 4 395 771 4 3
Oakland Cal 31,740 4.7 36723 41
Kentucky 469,669 4.9 494.788 4.6
Omaha, Neb 23,657 5.2 26,359 4.7
Louisiana . 331 220 5 0 344 144 4 8
Paterson N. J 15,812 7.9 27978 45
Maine 159,437 4.7 177,960 4.2
Philadelphia, Pa 295.220 5.2 327,263 4.7
Maryland 253 805 5 1 274 824 4 7
Pittsburgh Pa 86 942 6 1 110 457 4 8
Massachusetts 511 926 6 6 734 013 4 6
Portland Ore 37436 55 42029 49
Michigan 618,222 4.5 657,418 4.3
Providence, R. 1 28,705 7.8 49,129 4.6
Richmond, Va 22,205 6.7 26,914 4.7
Minnesota 380,809 5.5 416.452 5.0
Mississippi 376,420 4.8 384,724 4.7
Rochester, N. Y 38,860 5.6 46,787 4.7
Missouri 677196 4.9 749,812 4.4
St Louis, Mo 105.650 6.5 155,555 4.4
Montana 82,811 4.5 86,602 4.3
St. Paul, Minn 32,616 6.6 41.548 5.2
Nebraska 258,967 4.6 265,549 4.5
San Francisco, Cal.... 65,025 6.4 86,414 4.8
Scranton, Pa 22,143 6.9 26,312 4.9
Nevada 23,044 3.6 23,677 3.5
New Hampshire 88,871 4.8 103,156 4.2
New Jersey 407,295 6.2 558.202 4.5
Seattle, Wash 43,559 6.4 51,042 4.6
Spokane, Wash 20.282 5.1 22,676 4.6
New Mexico 75,888 4.3 78,883 4.1
Syracuse. N. Y 23,200 3.9 31,551 4.4
New York 1,178,686 7.7 2,046.845 4.5
North Carolina 430,570 5.1 440,334 5.0
Toledo, 0 35,888 4.7 39.677 4.2
Washington, D. C 68,513 6.7 71,339 4.6
Worcester, Mass 15,109 9.7 30.743 4.7
•Persons to a dwelling. fPersons to a family.
North Dakota 118,757 4.9 120,910 4.8
Ohio 1,024,800 4.7 1,138,165 42
PORK PACKIN
Season from No\
1916-17. 1915-16. 191
City. No. hogs. No. hops. No.
Chicago 3.339,0723623682 287]
G STATISTICS.
'. 1 to March 1.
t-15. 1913-14. 1912-13. 1911-12. 1910-11.
log's. No. hogs. No. hogs. No. hogs. No. hogs.
1.328 2.349,614 2.364.363 2.638.044 2.067.995
> 673 187.547 212,072 262.249 206,562
I 247 519.188 571.773 629.208 418.743
).581 991.624 1.099.985 1,393.875 919.932
>.820 513,556 513,637 - 551.619 415.191
),423 814.451 809,443 949.232 574,619
L.990 720.368 890,850 1.021,198 720,596
Cincinnati 268,366 283584 22!
Indianapolis 732.416 762824 68'
Kansas City 1,1373941234916 1 10(
•Milwaukee 550021 688905 76J
South Omaha 964.173 952.746 78!
St. Louis 1,105,887 1,249,145 77J
•Includes Cudahy.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
125
PAUPERS ENUMERATED IN
[United States
State. Total. Male.Female
Alabama 739 365 374
Arizona 271 247 24
Arkansas 534 284 250
ALMSHOUSES JAN. 1
census report.]
Paupers Admitted to
Total 88,313
Male 67,195
Female 21,118
, 1910.
Almsfiouses in 1910.
Negro 6,807
Male 4.612
Female 2195
California
Colorado
4,646 3,952 €94
510 434 76
2,244 1,571 673
366 227 139
White 81,185
Female 18.873
DEFECTIVE PAUPEI
EnumeratedJan.1,1910
Total number ....53.619
Male 34.650
Female 18.969
Other colored 241
IS IN ALMSHOUSES.
Admitted in 1910.
Total number 32,519
Male 24,098
Female 8,421
District of Columbia
276 163 113
Florida
207 la 46
Georgia
813 351 462
97 85 12
Illinois v
5 421 4 021 1 400
Indiana
Iowa
3,114 2,122 992
1,779 1,198 681
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
735 502 233
1,522 871 651
187 112 75
945 529 416
Feeble-minded ... 9,813
Epileptic 1,289
Deaf mute 540
Blind 2.427
Feeble-minded ... 3,601
Epileptic 646
Deaf mute 152
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
6,555 4.418 2.137
2,970 2,157 813
687 550 137
Crippled 10,823
Old and infirm 14.066
Bedridden 1,591
Blind 835
Crippled 9,033
Old and infirm 9,772
Missouri
436 182 254
2,388 1,533 855
Two or more de-
Two or more de-
Nebraska
651 449 102
AGB OF PAUPERS
Enumerated] an 1,1910
Under 5 years .. 1,186
5 to 14 years. .. 1.184
15 to 24 years. .. 2.514
25 to 29 years. .. 2,058
30 to 34 years. .. 2,396
35 to 39 years. .. 3,337
40 to 44 years. .. 4.203
45 to 49 years. .. 5.188
50 to 54 years. .. 7,113
55 to 59 years. .. 8,312
60 to 64 years. ..10,089
65 to 69 years. ..10.357
70 to 74 years 9.743
75 to 79 years 7,720
80 or more years.. 8,123
Age unknown 675
IN ALMSHOUSES.
Admitted in 1910.
Under 5 years. 3.459
5 to 14 years.. 2.651
15 to 24 years.. 7.350
25 to 29 years.. 4,835
30 to 34 years.. 4,850
35 to 39 years.. 5.656
40 to 44 years.. 5,883
45 to 49 years.. 6,579
60 to 54 years.. 7.953
55 to 59 years.. 7,691
60 to 64 years.. 8.484
65 to 69 years.. 7.44«
70 to 74 years.. 6,202
75 to 79 years.. 3.986
80 years or more 3.365
Age unknown... 1,923
Nevada
159 145 14
New Hampshire
991 557 434
2,135 1,407 728
New York
12,031 8,035 3,996
North Carolina
1,389 596 793
.... 81 59 22
Ohio
8,078 5,638 2,440
Oklahoma
48 39 9
352 328 24
Pennsylvania
9,606 6,623 2,983
Rhode Island
768 401 367
South Carolina
478 219 259
145 109 36
1,569 776 793
Texas
861 560 301
Utah
181 121 60
Vermont
383 222 161
Virginia
1,688 883 805
564 493 71
West Virginia
808 462 346
19 17 2
PETROLEUM PRO!
The quantity of pe
marketed in the oil flel
in 1917 reached the to
rels, a quantity nearl.
than the former record
barrels established in
was apportioned amon
follows:
Field. 19
3UCTION IN 1917.
troleum produced and
ds of the United States
tal of 341,800.000 bar-
f 14 per cent greater
output of 300.767.158
1916. The production
g the major fields as
IB.barrels. 1917.barrels.
J3. 009.455 24,600,000
3,905,003 3,500.000
L7.714.235 15.900.000
L5. 809,792 147,000.000
9,303,005 11,000.000
LI. 821, 642 8.700,000
21,768.096 24,900.000 ;
6.476,289 9.200,000
)0 951 936 97 000 000 :
United States
84,198 67.049 27,149
FOREIGN-BORN PAUP
EnumeratedJan.1,1910
Born In— . No.
Austria-Hungary.. 1,052
Canada (English).. 1.300
Canada (French)... 528
England and Wales 2,922
France 458
ERS IN ALMSHOUSES.
Born In— No.
Scandinavia ......'1.891
Scotland 817
Switzerland 613
Other countries... 623
Admitted in 1910.
Austria-Hungary.. 1.666
Canada (English).. 1.837
Canada (French)... 505
England and Wales 2,945
Born in— No.
Russia 1,315
Scandinavia 1.947
Scotland . .995
Ireland 14,177
Illinois
Italy 427
'Oklahoma-Kansas ....1
Central & No. Texas. .
Nocth Louisiana '
Gulf coast '
Rocky mountain
Poland 613
Born In — No.
Ireland 11 90(1
Italy 1,139 Switzerland 430
Poland 979 Other countries... 1.755
Of the foreign-born paupers enumerated In
almshouses In 1910 26,470 had lived In the United
States twenty-six years or more. Only thirty-
three had been In the country less than one year.
PAUPERS BY COLOR AND SEX.
White— Total 77.734 Male 3.763
Male 63149 FVmale 2.R18
Other fields
Total 3<
7,705
)0,767,158 341,800,000
>1 the industry in 1917
s reached and firmly
' crude oil at the wells
nd, which absorbed not
rat of the wells but
t of about 21,000.000
?e. principally in Cali-
1he surface reserve of :
1 States at the end of I
153,000,000 barrels. •
of new production in
nty, Kentucky. Butler
jr county. Oklahoma,
counties, Texas, Con-
agr, and Los Angeles
The salient features (
were the record leve
maintained by prices ol
;md the enormous dema
only the current outi
necessitated a net drai
barrels on oil in stora
fornia and Illinois. 1
crude oil in the Unite<
1917 was estimated at
The principal sources
1917 were E still cou
county, Kansas. Cart*
Wichita and Harries
verse county. Wyomi
county, California.
Female 24 585
Indian 74
Negro — Total 6 281
Other colored 109
White Paupers by Jfi
Native— Total 44.254
Male 28,321
Female 15.933
Native parentage. 32. 458
Male 19 817
itivity and Parentage.
Male 7.512
Female 2.565
Par'tage unknown 1,719
Foreign born 33,125
Male 24,605
Female 12 641
Female 8 520
Foreign parentage.10,077
Nativity unknown 355
126
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ILLITERACY IN THE 1
The following statistics, except where other-
wise specined, relate only to persons 10 years of
age or over. The bureau of the census classifies
as illiterate all persons 10 years of age or over
who are unable to write, regardless of their
ability to read.
PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERACY.
The following table shows the total population
10 years of age and over and the number and
percentage of Illiterate by color or race, nativity
and parentage:
Class. Population. Illiterate. Pet.
White 63,933,870 3,184,633 5.0
JNITED STATES
State.
(1910).
, 1910.-
Number.
-x 1900. ^
Pet. Number. Pet.
2.2 5,505 4.6
3.7 157,958 4.2
3.1 90,539 4.6
1.7 40,172 2.3
2.2 32,513 2.9
12.1 262,954 16.5
29.0 381,145 38.6
4.1 29,060 6.1
7.2 101,947 11.1
6.2 134,043 5.9
3.3 80,482 4.2
3.0 62,946 4.1
22.4 251,461 32.0
4.3 152,844 6.4
4.8 11,675 6.1
1.9 17,997 2.3
6.7 4,645 13.3
4.6 21,075 6.2
5.6 86,658 5.9
20.2 46,971 33.2
6.5 318,100 5.5
18.5 386,251 28.7
3.1 12,719 5.6
3.2 131,541 4.0
6.6 67,826 12.1
1.9 10,686 3.3
5.9 299,376 6.1
7.7 29,004 8.4
25.7 338,659 35.9
2.9 14,832 6.0
13.6 306,930 20.7
9.9 314,018 14.5
2.6 6,141 3.1
3.7 16,247 6.8
15.2 312,120 22.9
2.0 12,740 3.1
8.3 80,105 11.4
3.2 73,779 4.7
3.3 2,878 4.0
Illinois
.. 168 294
Indiana
66 213
Kansas
28 968
Kentucky
. .. 208 084
Louisiana
. .. 352 179
Maine
24 554
Maryland
73 397
Massachusetts ...
.. 141 541
Michigan
. 74 800
Native 50,989,341 1,534,272 3.0
Native parentage.... 37,081,278 1,378,884 3.7
Foreign or mixed par-
entage 13,908,063 155,388 1.1
Missouri
Montana
.. 111,116
14 457
Foreign born 12,944,529 1,650,361 12.7
Nevada
4,702
Indian 188,758 85,445 45.3
New Hampshire...
.. 16,386
Chinese 68,924 10,891 15.8
Japanese 67,661 6,213 9.2
All other 3,135 1,250 39.9
North Carolina....
.. 291,497
United States 71,580,270 5,516,163 7.7
North. Dakota
Ohio
.. 13,070
124 774
The corresponding percentages of illiterates at
three previous censuses were: 1880, 17.0; 1890,
13.3; 1900, 10.7.
ILLITERACY BY SEX.
f Male. s , Female. — \
Class. Illiterate. Pet. Illiterate. Pet.
White 1,662,505 5.0 1,522,128 4.9
Oklahoma
67,567
Oregon
10 504
Pennsylvania
.. 354 290
Rhode Island
33,854
South Carolina
.. 276,980
South Dakota
12 750
Tennessee
Texas
221,071
.. 282 904
Native parentage 715,926 3.8 662,958 3.7
Foreign or mixed
parentage 80,129 1.2 75,259 1.1
Foreign born 866,450 11.8 783,911 13.9
Negro .1,096,000 30.1 1,131,731 30.7
Indian 40,104 41.5 45,341 49.2
Chinese 9 849 15 0 1 042 30 2
Utah
Vermont . .
6,821
10,806
Virginia
.. 232,911
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
18,416
74,866
.. 57,769
3,874
Japanese 5,247 8.6 966 14.1
All other 1,245 40.5 5 ....
United States.... 2,814,950 7.6 2,701,213 7.8
URBAN AND RURAL ILLITERACY.
(Per Cent.)
Class. Total. Urban. Rural.
White 50 42 5.8
United States 5,516,163
ILLITERATES BY
Cities of 100.000 or more p
, 1910.-
Clty. Number.
Albany, N. Y 9.7*9.
7.7 6,180,069
CITIES,
opulation in 1
>, 1900.
Pet. Number.
3.2 2,181
8.6 11,406
4.4 29,148
10.4 5,986
4.4 23,320
6.4 2,999
3.7 13,152
3.0 3,388
4.5 61,142
3.1 8,848
4.6 14,091
2.9 3,290
2.3 1,797
2.1 1,979
6.0 9,062
13.2 12,110
2.5 2,136
3.0 6,004
6.6 7,171
2.3 5,258
1.9 1,956
5.3 14,567
6.0 6,843
8.0 14,989
3.6 8,243
2.4 2,977
8.8 9,460
7.0 4,875
6.9 30,820
6.7 181,835
6.0 11,715
3.0 1,614
2.7 1.662
6.9 5,191
4.6 45,546
6.2 20,402
1.2 3,925
7.7 10.029
8.2 9.501
16.7
910.
Pet.
2.8
16.S
7.2
19.1
5.1
6.3
4.8
4.6
3.9
3.4
4.7
3.2
2.6
1.3
4.1
14.9
3.1
4.3
4.5
3.9
2.3
8.8
8.8
18.3
3.8
1.8
14.4
6.6
13.6
6.8
6.1
2.9
2.0
6.3
4.4
5.8
5.1
7.0
13.7
Atlanta, Ga
10,813
Native 30 0.8 4.8
Baltimore, Md
.. 20,325
Native parentage 3.7 0.9 5.4
Birmingham, Ala..
Boston, Mass
.. 11,026
24,468
For. or mixed parentage.. 1.1 0.7 1.9
Foreign born 12.7 12.6 13.8
Bridgeport, Conn..
Buffalo, N. Y
4,440
12,745
Negro 30 4 17 6 36.1
All ottier 31 6 11.0 40.1
Cambridge, Mass..
Chicago 111
2,540
79 911
PERCENTAGE ILLITERATES BY SECTIONS.
Section. 1910. 1900.
New England 5.3 6.0
Middle Atlantic 57 58.
Cincinnati, O
9 576
Cleveland, O
20 676
Columbus. O
Dayton, O
4.442
2,224
East North Central 3.4 4.3
West North Central 29 41
Denver, Col
Detroit, Mich
3,841
18.731
South Atlantic 16.0 23.9
Fall River, Mass.... 12,276
Grand Rapids, Mich. 2,271
Indianapolis, Ind 5,874
Jersey CItv, N. J 11.797
East South Central . 17.4 24.9
West South Central 13.2 20.5
Mountain . .. 69 9.6
Pacific 3.0 4.2
Kansas City, Mo...
Los Angeles, Cal...
Louisville. Ky
4,937
5,258
9,866
Northern states 4.3 6.0
Western states 4.4 6.3
United States , 7.7 10.7
Lowell, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Milwaukee, Wis...
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville Tenn . . .
6,172
8,855
.. 10,765
6,139
7,947
ILLITERATES BY STATES.
, 1910. ^ 1900. ^
State. Number. Pet. Number. Pet.
Alabama 352,710 22.9 443,590 34.0
Arizona 32,963 20.9 27,304 29.0
New Haven, Conn.
New Orleans, La..
New York, N. Y...
Newark, N. J
7,502
.. 18,987
.. 254,208
16,553
Arkansas 142,954 12.6 190,655 20.4
Oakland, Cal
3,863
California 74,902 3.7 58,959 4.8
Omaha, Neb
2,798
Colorado 23,780 3.7 17,779 4.2
Connecticut 53,665 6.0 42,973 5.9
Paterson, N. J.. ..
Philadelphia. Pa...
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland. Ore
Providence, R. I...
Richmond. Va
6,927
.. 57,700
.. 26,627
2,145
.. 14,236
8,641
Delaware 13240 81 17531 120
District of Columbia 13.812 4.9 20,028 8.6
Florida 77,816 13.8 84,285 21.9
Georgia .. . 389.775 20.7 480.420 30.5
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
127
, 1910.
1900.
/ 1910.
1900
Olty.
Number.
Pet.
Number.
Pet.
City.
Number.
Prt.
Number.
Pet.
Rochester, N. Y...
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
San Francisco, Cal
Scranton, Pa
6,916
.. 21,123
3,751
... 7,697
8,933
3.8
3.7
2.1
2.1
8 9
3,499
20,359
3,956
8,960
6 814
2.7
4.4
3.1
3.i
8 8
Spokane, Wash....
Syracuse, N. Y. ...
Toledo. O
Washington, D. C.
1,123
5,629
3.809
.. 13,812
1.3
4.9
2.8
4.9
554
2,800
3,865
20,028
1.8
3.2
3.7
8.6
Seattle. Wash...
2.217
1.1
901
1.3
worces er, Mass..
BLIND POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES (1010).
•Per
State. Number. 100,000
Alabama 1,572 73.5
Arizona 196 95.9
Arkansas 1,201 76.3
California 1,329 55.9
Colorado 378 47.3
Connecticut 553 49.6
Delaware 131 64.7
District of Columbia 223 67.4
Florida 402 53.4
Georgia 1,701 65.2
Idaho 158 48.5
Illinois 2,975 52.8
Indiana 2,121 78.5
Iowa 1,388 62.4
Kansas 1,069 63.2
Kentucky 2,153 94.0
Louisiana 1,107 66.8
Maine 585 78.8
Maryland 802 61.9
Massachusetts 2,016 60.8
Michigan 1,574 56.0
State. Number.
Minnesota 881
Mississippi 1,338
Missouri 2,442
Montana 168
Nebraska 464
Nevada 97
New Hampshire 291
New Jersey 1,127
New Mexico 554
New York 4,692
North Carolina 1,563
North Dakota 167
Ohio 3,740
Oklahoma 874
Oregon 297
Pennsylvania 4,182
Rhode Island 314
South Carolina 1,011
South Dakota 268
Tennessee 1,956
•Per
100,000
42.4
•Per
State. Number. 100,000
Texas 2439 626
74.5
Utah 188 50 4
74.1
Vermont 301 846
44.7
Virginia 1649 800
38.9
Washington 439 38 4
118.5
67.6
West Virginia 797 65.3
Wisconsin ... 1 3">\ 56 6
44.4
Wyoming "48 329
169.3
51.5
70.8
28.9
78.5
52.7
44.1
54.6
57.9
66.7
45.9
89.5
United States 57,272 62!
•Per 100,000 of general popu-
lation.
Number of blind per 100,000
general population of the same
race and nativity in 1900: White,
58.2; native white, 55; foreign
born white, 74.5; colored, 94.6;
negro, 90; Indian, 302.6; Chinese,
Japanese, etc., 23.2.
Some of the foreign countries
in which the number of blind
per 100,000 of general popula-
tion is high are:
Bahamas (1901) 251.2
Danish Antilles (1901) 278.4
Jamaica (1911) 209.3
St. Lucia (1901) 244.6
Cyprus (1901) 730.3
Malta and Gozo 201.2
Russia (European, 1897).... 201.6
Formosa (1905) 515.7
Philippines (1903) 226.3
BLIND IN OTHER COUNTRIES.
Egypt (1907) 1,325.1
Uganda (1911) 317.7
Number of blind in the lead-
ing countries of Europe per
100,000 of general population:
Austria (1910) 69.4
Belgium (1910) 43.5
Bulgaria (1905) 132.4
Denmark (1911) 52.7
England- Wales (1911) 73.0
Finland (1900) 119.0
France (1901) 70.6
Germany (1900) 60.9
Hungary (1900) 100.6
Ireland (1911) 98.2
Italy (1901) 117.5
Netherlands (1909) 46.3
Norway (1910) fc2.6
Portugal (1911) 132.8
Roumania (1899) 83.4
Russia (1897) 201.6
Scotland (1911) 69.7
Serbia (1900) 94.1
Sweden (1900) 66.4
Switzerland (1896) 72.2
DEAF AND DUMB IN THE UNITED STATES (1910).
[From censns bureau report, 1915.]
State. Total. Male.Female.
Alabama 317 172 145
Arizona 16 10 6
Arkansas 336 168 168
California 299 161 138
Colorado 109 68 41
Connecticut 181 102 79
Delaware 19 10 9
District of Columbia 56 31 25
Florida 86 48 38
Georgia ,. 348 185 163
Idaho 41 22 19
Illinois 1,310 720 590
Indiana 634 351 283
Iowa 436 249 187
Kansas 470 264 206
Kentucky 664 350 314
Louisiana 254 143 111
Maine 166 95 71
Maryland 388 209 179
Massachusetts 566 306 260
Michigan 660 358 302
MInnosota 499 273 226
Mississippi 296 167 129
Missouri 872 478 394
Montana 48 25 23
Nebraska 280 155 125
Nevada 7 4 3
New Hampshire 99 53 46
New Jersey 324 188 136
New Mexico 59 36 23
State. Total.
New York 2,348
North Carolina 504
North Dakota 101
Ohio ., 1,154
Oklahoma 304
Oregon 130
Pennsylvania 1,461
Rhode Island 113
South Carolina 245
South Dakota 109
Tennessee 588
Texas 719
Utah 58
Vermont 62
Virginia 376
Washington 152
West Virginia 304
Wisconsin 572
Wyoming 14
Male.Female.
1,346
1,002
278
226
54
47
601
553
166
138
66
64
795
666
58
65
129
116
59
50
315
273
372
347
31
27
40
22
205
171
87
65
162
142
332
240
7
7
United States 19,154 10,504 8,650
Of the deaf and dumb population 18.017 were
white and 1,137 colored. Of the white 16,179 were
native born and 1.838 foreign born.
NOTE — The total number of deaf and dumb
reported in 1910 was 44,708, but satisfactory
schedules giving details vwere returned by only
19,154. The figures relate only to those who are
both deaf and dumb.
,128
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS JAN. 1. 1910.
[From United States census report.]
State.
Alabama
Arizona
Total. Male. Female
2,039 981 1,058
337 265 72
1 092 529 563
Admitted
Born in— Number.
Austria-Hungary... 1,402
Canada (English).. 1.030
Canada (French)... 266
ffinglandand Wales 1,148
France 146
Germany 3,105
Ireland 2.833
in 1910.
Born in— Number.
Italy 863
Poland 429
California
Colorado
6,652 4,115 2,537
1,199 687 612
3,579 1,680 1,899
441 237 204
.... 2,890 2,170 720
Russia 1,518
Scandinavia 1,587
Scotland 297
Switzerland 196
Other countries... 703
District of Columbia
Florida
849 446 403
3,132 1,531 1,601
INSANE IN HOSP
Enumerated Jan. 1,
1910.
Under 15 years.... 341
15 to 19 years 2,312
20 to 24 years 7.801
25 to 29 years. ...14,083
30 to 34 years. ...19,091
35 to 39 years. ...22.856
40 to 44 years. ...23,321
45 to 49 years. ...22.874
50 to 54 jears. ...20,885
55 to 59 years. ...16,383
60 to 64 years. ...12.729
65 years or more.. 21. 881
Age unknown 3.234
ITALS BY AGES.
20 to 24 years 21,432
25 to 29 years 27,195
30 to 34 years 26,655
35 to 39 years 24,225
40 to 44 years 18,764
45 to 49 years 14,784
50 to 64 years 11.167
65 to 59 years 6.922
60 to 64 years 5,239
65 years or more.. 8.316
Age unknown 13911
388 256 132
Illinois
12,839 6,846 5,993
4,527 2,235 2,292
5,377 2,896 2,481
2,912 1,694 1,218
3,538 1,968 1,570
2,158 1,070 1,088
1,258 693 565
3,220 1,569 1,651
Massachusetts
.>... 11,601 5,633 5,968
4,744 2,755 1,989
*Age of insane enu-
merated in hospitals
Jan. 1, 1910, when first
admitted to any hospi-
tal.
Residence Prior to
Admission.
In places having a pop-
ulation of —
Less than 2, 500.. 20,442
2,500 to 10,000.. 5,942
10,000 to 25,000.. 4,239
25,000 to 50,000.. 3,515
50,000 to 100,000.. 3,228
100,000 to 500,000.. 7.901
500,000 or more 11,829
NOTE — These figures re-
fer to residence prior
to admission of insane
in hospitals enumerated
Jan. 1. 1910.
1,978 933 1,045
6,168 3,231 2,937
697 531 166
1,990 1,141 849
Admitted in 1910.
Under 15 years 327
15 to 19 years 2.539
20 to 24 years 5,701
25 to 29 years 7.027
30 to 34 years. ... 7.295
35 to 39 years. ... 7.495
40 to 44 years. ... 6.469
45 to 49 years. ... 5,681
50 to 54 years. ... 4,877
55 to 59 years. ... 3,368
60 to 64 years 2.872
65 years or more.. 6.161
Age unknown 957
When First Admitted.*
Under 15 years 1.079
15 to 19 years 8.102
230 165 65
New Hampshire
909 463 446
6,042 2,913 3,129
219 128 91
31,280 14,955 16,325
North Carolina
2,522 1,032 1,490
North Dakota
628 407 221
Ohio
10,594 5,615 4,979
1,110 651 459
1,565 1,088 477
15,058 7,919 7,139
1,243 650 593
1,541 708 833
South Dakota
864 535 329
2,204 1,057 1,147
Texas
4,053 2,087 1,966
Utah
342 171 171
990 528 462
INSANE BY MAR
Enumerated
Male— Total 98,695
Single 62.683
[TAL CONDITION.
Jan. 1, 1910.
Female — Total 89,096
Single 37.115
Married 35 975
Virginia
3,635 1,779 1,856
Washington
1,987 1,325 662
West Virginia
Wisconsin
1,722 900 822
6,587 3,743 2,844
Wyoming
United States
162 105 67
187 791 8R.R9S R9.09R
Widowed 5,405
Divorced 1.040
' Widowed 12.672
Divorced 1,368
INSANE BY RACE, NATIVITY AND SEX.
Enumerated in Hospitals, Jan. 1, 1910.
Total. Male. Female
White 174.224 91.617 82.607
INSANE BY LITERACY.
Insane at least 10 years of age enumerated In
hospitals, Jan. 1. 1910.
Literate— Total ..142.315 Native— Literate.. 94,896
M;ill> 75 B42 llliti.r-it,. IK KfiQ
Native
115,402 60,644 54,758
Native parentage
67,531 35,238 32,293
Foreign— *Literate 40,452
Illiterate 10 224
28,186 15,415 12,771
Illiterate— Total.. 35,959
Male 17 896
64,096 28,415 25,681
*Foreign-born.
HEATHS IN 1910.
Died.
White— Total ....16.868
Male 9,939
Nativity unknown
4,726 2,558 2.168
12,910 6,536 6,374
DISCHARGES ANI
Discharged.
White— Total 27.614
Male ....15 261
166 90 76
491 452 39
Insane Admitted to
Hospitals in 1910.
60,769 34,116 26,653
White Total
56,182 31,646 24.536
Femi'.le 12.352
Colored— Total 1.690
Male 932
Female 6.929
Colored— Total ... 2.056
Mnlp . .. 1.10R
Native
39,629 22,190 17.439
24,534 13,792 10,742
10,685 5,996 4,689
Female .. 758 • Female 950
16,523 8,838 6,685
FEEBLE MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS JAN. 1.
1910.
[From United States census report. 1
State. Total. Male. Female.
California 854 470 384
1,030 618 412
4,384 2,304 2,080
61 32 19
152 134 IS
FOREIGN-BORN INS^
Enumerated
Born in— Number.
Austria-Hmigarv... 3.477
Canada (English). 2,777
Canada (French). 972
England and Wales 3.706
France 614*
LNE IN HOSPITALS.
ran. 1, 1910.
Born in — Number.
Italy 1 829
Colorado 64 39 25
Connecticut 294 156 138
Illinois . ... : 1265 718 547
Indiana 1,135 518 617
Poland 1.312
Iowa 1,189 619 570
Kansns 420 237 183
Scandinavia 6,442
Scotland 849
Switzerland 752
Other countries... 1,554
Kentucky 283 167 116
Maine 62 49
Maryland 310 151 159
Massachusetts 1,464 879 585
Germany 13.517
Ireland'.. ...13.174
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
129
State.
Michigan
Total.
986
Male. Female
518 468
628 566
233 279
30 21
235 211
70 74
296 344
1,685 1,736
79 66
810 716
1,598 1,107
48
State.
Tennessee
Total.
47
Male. Female
25 22
9 10
45
29 31
116 98
468 561
. 1 194
19
.Missouri
612
Utah
45
Montana
51
Virginia
60
446
West Virginia
214
144
Wisconsin
1 029
640
United States...
3,421
20,731
11,015
10,849
162
4
2,227
9.716
9,592
118
6
1,598
145
White
20 441
Ohio
1,526
Negro
280
2,705
Other colored
10
.... 48
Admitted in 1910
.. ..3 825
uoode isia
PRISONERS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Enumerated Jan. 1, 1910. [From report pt United States census bureau.]
State. Total.
Alabama 3,858
Arizona 692
Arkansas 1,361
California 4,900
Colorado 1,662
Connecticut 2,218
Delaware 391
District of Columbia 1,196
Florida 1,934
Georgia 5,078
Idaho 287
Illinois 7,025
Indiana 3,969
Iowa 1,920
Kansas 1,971
Kentucky 3,564
Louisiana 2,514
Maine 1,073
Maryland 3,328
Massachusetts 8,212
Michigan 3,747
Minnesota 2,005
Mississippi 2,283
Montana 1,050
Nebraska 789
Nevada 289
New Hampshire 707
New Jersey 3,837
New Mexico 425
New York 16,082
North Carolina 1,420
North Dakota 419
Ohio 5,979
Oklahoma 1,668
Oregon 737
Pennsylvania 10,313
Rhode Island 1,088
South Carolina 1,691
South Dakota 382
Tennessee 2,713
Texas 4,412
Utah 692
Vermont 568
Virginia 3,619
Washington 1,884
West Virginia 1,816
Wisconsin 2,281
Male. Female
3,674 184
682 10
1,308 53
4,740 160
1,513 149
1,844 374
344 47
1,014 182
1,850 84
4,854 224
286 1
6.173 852
3,465 504
1,687 233
1,725 246
3,299 265
2,401 113
878 195
2,946 382
7,193 1.019
3,308 439
1,858 147
2,194 89
1,032 18
720 69
285 4
612 95
3,444 393
415 10
14,251 1,828
1,331 89
410 9
5,190 789
1,630 38
729 8
9,315 998
962 126
1.613 78
343 39
2,581 132
4,312 100
682 10
499 69
3,385 234
1,796 88
1,689 127
1.982 299
State. Total. Male.Female
Wyoming 287 2XR 1
United States prisons...
United States
.... 1,904 1,904
136,472 124,424 12,048
NOTE— Prisoners in abo
delinquents.
PRISONERS BY RACE.
White.
Total . ..93 841
ve table include juvenile
NATIVITY AND SEX.
Male 19,450
Female 1,520
Male 85,218
Nativity unknown. 1,030
Negro.
Total 41,729
Female 8,623
Natire— Total 71,841
Male 64,807
Male 38,346
Female . 7 034
Female 3,383
Foreign— Total ... 20. 970
JUVENILE Dl
Total 24 974
Other colored 902
LLINQUENTS.
White 21.044
Male 19,062
Negro 3,855
Female 5.912
Other colored 75
[FIED BY CRIMES.
Larceny 27,817
PRISONERS CLASS
Grave homicide... 6,904
Lesser homicide... 7,412
Major assaults 7,172
Minor assaults.... 2,870
Robbery 4937
Fraud 1,518
Forgery 3,317
Drunk, disorderly. 13, 914
Burglary 18.307
le juvenile delinquents;
re given.
IED BY SENTENCES.
Sentenced to —
6 years 1.408
NOTE — Prisoners indue
only principal offenses a
PRISONERS CLASSIF
Sentenced to—
Death 143
Life imprisonment 6,444
20 years or more.. 3,841
15 to 19 years 2.593
10 to 14 years 5,752
5 years 6,460
4 years 3.054
3 years 5,606
1 year 8,783
8 years 1.274
Less than 1 year.. 23. 449
Indeterminate 27, 487
MITTED IN 1909.
White 381.498
7 years 1,909
PRISONERS COM
Total 493 934
Male 445,431
Colored 112,436
Female 48.503
PAROLED IN 1909.
White 365 010
DISCHARGED OR
Total . 468 277
Male 422 258
Colored 103 267
Female .. .. 46.019
STATE
Alabama— Wetumpka.
Alaska— Sitka (U. 8. jail).
Arizona— Florence.
Arkansas— Little Rock.
California— Folsom.
San Quentin.
Colorado— Canon City.
Connecticut— Weathersfleld.
Delaware— Wilm'gtonfw'khouse)
District of Columbia— U. S. jail.
Florida— Tallahassee (commis-
sion).
Georgia— Atlanta (commission).
Illinois— Joliet, Chester.
Idaho — Boise.
Indiana— Michigan City.
Indianapolis (women).
Iowa— Fort Madison, Anamoea.
Kansas— Lansing.
Kentucky— Frankfort.
Eddyville (branch).
Lonislnnn — Baton Rouge.
Maine — Thotnaston.
Maryland— Baltimore.
PRISONS IN THE UNITED
Massachusetts — Charles town.
Bridgewater.
South Framinghatn (women).
Michigan— Jackson.
Marqnette (branch).
Minnesota — Stillwater.
Mississippi — Jackson(comm'sion).
Missouri — Jefferson City.
Montana — Deer Lodge.
Nebraska — Lincoln.
Nevada— Carson City.
New Hampshire— Concord.
New Mexico — Santa Fe.
New Jersey — Trenton.
New York — Auburn.
Dannemora (Clinton).
Great Meadows (Oomstock).
Sing Sing (Ossining).
North Carolina — Raleigh.
North Dakota--Bismarck.
Ohio — Columbus.
Oklahoma — McAlester.
Oregon — Salem.
Pennsylvania— Philadelphia.
STATES.
Allegheny (Pittsburgh).
Rhode Island — Howard.
South Carolina— Columbia.
South Dakota— Sioux Falls.
Tennessee — Nashville.
Petros (branch).
Texas— Huntsville.
Rusk.
Utah— Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Windsor.
Virginia — Richmond.
Washington — Walla Walla.
West Virginia— Moundsville.
Wisconsin — Waupun.
Wyoming — Rawlins.
UNITED STATES PRISONS.
Atlanta. Ga.— Penitentiary.
Fort Leavenworth, Kas.— Peni-
tentiary.
McNeil's Island. Wash.— Peni-
tentiary.
Mare Island. Cal.— Naval prison.
Boston, Mass. — Navel prison.
Portsmouth, N.H. — Naval prison.
130
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
MONEY AN
COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER BY
NATIONS IN 1916.
[From report of the director of the mint.]
Figures are for calendar year.
Country. Gold. Silver.
United States $18,525,026 $4,409,986
0 FINANCE.
Country. Gold. Silver.
Rhodesia 19,232,165 137758
Transvaal, Cape Col-
ony and Natal 192.182,902 665,109
West Africa 7,860,079
Philippines 101,346
Australia 6.198,184 1,385,565
WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND
SILVER SINCE 1492.
[From report of director of the mint, 1915.]
Silver
Calendar years. Gold. (coining value).
1492—1520 $107,931,000 $54.703.000
1521—1544 114,205.000 98,986,000
1545—1560 90,492,000 207,240,000
1561—1580 90,917,000 248,990,000
British Honduras 700,295
Canada 29.739 540.198
Chile .. 1.328,644 167.035
China , 12,067.501
Colombia 35,864
Costa Rica 4,654 ••••••••••"
Cuba 786.357
Denmark 4,274.600 398,366
Ecuador .. 198.630
France 14,216,065
Italy 2.182,022
Japan . 20,911.925 1,745,855
Mexico 129.610 129.448
Morocco 56.199
1601—1620 113.248,000 351.579,000
1621—1640 110,324.000 327,221.000
1641—1660 116,571.000 304,525,000
1661—1680 123,048,000 280,166,000
1681—1700 143.088.000 284,240,000
Netherlands 267,057 1.745.573
Peru .. 2.834,624 11,373,559
Serbia 146,232
Siam 2 850 440
1721—1740 253,611,000 358.480,000
1741—1760 327,161,000 443,232,000
1761—1780 275,211.000 542,658.000
1781—1800 236.464,000 730,810,000
Sweden .. 268,617
Switzerland 1,158,000 181,239
Total 65.662,212 56,285,538
1801—1810 118,152.000 371,677,000
1811—1820 76.063,000 224,786,000
1821—1830 94,479,000 191,444,000
1831—1840 134,841,000 247,930,000
WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND
SILVER IN 1916.
[From report of the director of the mint.]
Figures are for calendar year.
Country. Gold. Silver.
1841—1850 363,928000 324400000
1851 — 1855 662,566000 184169000
1856 — 1860 670.415.000 188092000
1861 — 1865 614944000 228861000
1866 — 1870 648071000 278313000
1871 — 1875 577883000 409332000
1876—1880 572,931.000 509,256000
1881—1885 495,582,000 594773000
Panada 19 234 976 17 477 348
1886 — 1890 564474000 704074000
Mexico ' 7,690.707 15,677.866
1891—1895 814,736,000 1,018.708,000
Cent. American states. 3.517.597 1.786,518
Argentina . 6.330 8.263
1896 — 1900 1 286 505 400 1 071 148 400
1901—1905 1.610.309.700 1.066,848,300
Bolivia and Chile 396 922 1,408.739
1906 402503000 213403600
Brazil . 2.424,515 14,775
1907 412.966000 238166600
Colombia 6.173.867 212,404
1908 443,006200 262634500
Ecuador ' 545,674 16,925
1909 454059100 274293700
iguaaor .............. ^JK-fffi 6.466.513
1910 455.259.800 286,652,300
1911 461939700 292451500
Guiana British 767,525
1912 466.136.100 261.402,300
1913 459.941,100 289497000
Dutch 438,223 64
French 1,959,793
Venezuela 1.424.930
Austria-Hungary . , 1,392,465 1,216.905
France 1,000,000
Great Britain... 19.142 66,210
1914 439,078.260 207.678,038
1915 468.724,913 231,241,050
1916 457.006.045 202.507.017
Total 16.599.900,023 15,825,251,006
PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
[From report of the director of the mint.]
Calendar years.
Gold.
State. 1916. 1917.
Greece .. 406,022
Italy 2.295 333.942
Norway 284,107
Portugal .. 661 1,413
Russia . .. 26.322,746 438,245
Spain .. 3.134.007
Sweden 25.323 16.633
New South Wales 2.235,556 1,923,151
Northern Territory... 17,281
Queensland 4,447.793 166,870
Arizona 4,092,800 5,533,800
California 21,980.400 20,815,900
Colorado 19.185.000 15,955,100
Victoria 5,305.282 22,202
Western Australia 21,941,044
New Zealand 6.048,992 539.899
Georgia 20,400 6,000
Idaho 1,058,300 711,500
Montana 4,328.400 3.756,500
Nevada 9,064.700 6,922,900
British India 11,206.509 431.554
China 2.804.692 12,514
New Mexico 1,350.000 1.025,100
North Carolina 23,000 15,700
Oregon 1 901 500 1 677 400
East Indies— British-
Dutch 3,100.000
Federated Malay States 327.871
South Carolina 300 1,100
South Dakota 7,471,700 7.392,000
Texas 500 900
Formosa (Taiwan)... 1,001,178 32.712
Indo-China 65.620 725
Washington 580,600 434,900
Japan 5.386,066 3,514.927
Belgian Congo.... 1,029.189 3,274
Egypt 144910 1137
Philippine islands... 1.514,200 1,404,000
Other 14.500 11,400
Total value . . 92 590 300 84 456 600
French East Africa. 43.414
Total fine oz.(troy) 4,479,057 4.085,589
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
131
Silver (Comn
State. 1916. 1917.
Alaska $833.000 $1,112.600
lercial Value).
State. 1916. 1917.
Oregon $146,000 $177,600
Arizona.. 4394,600 6.733,800
South Dakota 138,200 157,400
California .. 1,274,200 1,633,600
Texas 437000 480000
Colorado 4967,900 6722.600
Utah 8911000 11788500
Georgia 66 ,
Washington 193,700 211,600
Idaho 7,611,500 9,620900
Wyoming 2200 4,000
Michigan 499300 565500
Philippine islands 11,600 13,700
Other 153000 110800
Montana 9240100 11291000
Nevada 9 000 000 9 4°1 600
New Mexico 1,138,000 1,081,800
Total .. .. 48.953.000 61,139,600
North Carolina 1,100 2,300
Total fine oz. (troy) 74,414,802 74,244,500
ILD (DEC. 31. 1915).
' money in the principal countries of the world
ble lor 1916 prepared because of lack of sum-
Uncovered , Per capita N
Gold.* Silver.* paper.* Gold.Silver.Paper. Tot.
$2,299,454 $756,011 $965,039 $22.64 $7.44 $9.50 $39.58
249,527 10,000 41.41 1.66 43.07
170,560 2,835 134,233 21.12 .35 16.62 38.09
1,140 4,780 3,793 4.56 19.12 15.17 38.85
661.944 204.393 451,013 14.26 4.40 9.72 28.38
42,412 112,194 45,416 .13 .36 .14 .63
32.572 2,601 13,434 5.08 .41 2.09 7.58
1,665 10,792 13,827 2.22 14.39 18.44 35.05
19,569 11,580 59,368 4.16 2.46 12.63 19.25
1,256 3.326 16,027 .08 .21 1.03 1.32
31.168 12,854 28,435 10.67 4.41 9.74 24.82
22,832 21,634 21,827 1.79 1.70 1.71 5.29
1,384,125 411,090 1,502,511 34.86 10.35 37.85 83.06
714.073 7,806 758,952 10.53 .12 11.19 21.84
11.518 65 14,034 2.23 2.72 4.95
335.689 46,568 616.813 9.06 1.26 16.65 26.97
143.128 71,507 40,738 2.58 1.29 .73 4.60
1.114 22 22
172.536 195,968 57.709 27.21 30.91 9.42 67.54
24,887 4,395 17,307 10.11 1.79 7.03 18.93
17.794 41,646 111,316 2.99 6.99 18.68 28.66
1,058,480 171,465 2,046,461 5.93 .96 4.50 11.39
7.549 5,393 88 .63 1.51
167,375 241,811 92,648 8.22 11.88 4.55 24,65
43,542 10,492 52.399 7.72 1.86 9.29 18.87
48,276 9,889 34,033 12.60 2.58 8.88 24.06
291.197 56.805 129,888 13.69 2.67 6.11 22.47
228.939 741,166 29.04 94.02 123.06
24,408 563,658 1.00 23.19 24.19
36 975 849 .12 3.25 2.83 6.20
95 188 134 .59 1.88 1.34 3.81
1.930 27,738 2.41 34.67 37.08
25.622 3,425 9,463 4.42 .59 1.63 6.64
28.356 1.898 23.13 1.55 24.68
2.057 1,464 73 .52 1.25
4 011 1.R9 1 RQ
MONEY OF THE WOI
Monetary systems and approximate stocks oi
as reported by the director of the mint. No ta
cient data.
Monetary
Country. standard. Monetary unit.
United States Gold... Dollar '.
Australia Gold... Pound sterling
Canada Gold... Dollar
Ceylon Gold. ..Rupee
United kingdom Gold. ..Pound sterling
India Gold. . . Pound sterling anc
South Africa Gold... Pound sterling
Straits Settlement Gold... Dollar
Bulgaria Gold. ..Lev
Chosen (Korea) Gold... Yen
Denmark Gold... Crown
Egypt Gold... Piaster
France Gold... Franc
Germany Gold. ..Mark
Greece Gold... Drachma
Italy Gold. ..Lira
Japan Gold... Yen
Morocco Silver. . Rial
Netherlands Gold... Florin
Norway Gold. ..Crown
Portugal Gold... Escudo
Russia Gold... Ruble
Siam Gold...Pical
Spain Gold... Peseta
Sweden Gold . . . Crown
Switzerland Gold. ..Franc
Turkey Gold. .. Piaster
Argentina Gold . . . Peso
Brazil Gold... Milreis
Guiana. British Gold. ..Pound sterling
Guiana. Dutch Gold... Florin
Paraguay Gold... Peso
Peru Gold. ..Libra
Uruguay Gold . . . Peso
Guatemala Silver. Peso .. .
Nicaragua Silver.. Peso 31K 1747 M 5 91 a 44
Panama Gold... Balboa
51 13 13 .03 16
1.554 1,412 1.22 1.11 2.33
Salvador Silver.. Peso
Total
'Thousands of dollars. Blank spaces in table
PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER II
[For 1792-1873 is by R. W. Raymond, commis
Period. Gold. Sliver. Total.
April 2, 1792- July
31 1834 $14,000 000 Insignificant $14,000,000
8,258.2132,441,0128,582,792
indicate no satisfactory information is available.
f THE UNITED STATES (1792-1916).
sioner, and since by the director of the mint.]
Period. Gold. Silver. Total.
1900 $79,171,000 $74,533,000 $153,704,000
1901 78667,000 71388000 150055000
July 31, 1834-Dec.
1902 80,000,000 71,758,000 151758000
1903 73,591,700 70,206,000 143,797,700
1845-1850 103,036,769 300,000 103,336,769
1851-1860 551,000,000 1,100,000 552,100,000
1861-1870 474,250,000 100,750,000 575,000,000
1871-18SO 395,300,000 360,300,000 755,600,000
1881-1890 326.620,000 535,056,000 861,676,000
1891 33,175,000 75,417,000 108,592,000
1892 33,000,000 82,101,000 115,101,000
1904 80,464,700 57,682,800 138,147,500
1905 88,180,700 34,222,000 122,402,700
1906 94,373,800 38,256,400 132,650,200
1907 90,435,700 37,299,700 127,735,400
1908 94,560,000 28,050,600 122,610,600
1909 99.673,400 28,455,200 128,128,600
1910 96,269,100 30,854,500 127,123,600
1911 96,890,000 32,615,700 129,505,700
1894 39,500,000 64,000,000 103,500,000
1895 46,610,000 72,051,000 118,661,000
1896 53,088,000 76,069,000 129.157,000
1897 57,363.000 69.637,000 127,000.000
1898 64,463.000 70,384,000 134,847,000
1899 71,053.000 70,806,000 141.859,000
1912 93,451,500 39,197,400 132,649,000
1913 88,884,400 40,348,100 129,232.500
1914 94,531,800 40.067,700 134.599,500
1915 101.035,700 37,397,300 138,433,000
1916 92.590,300 48,953,000 141,543,300
Total 3,828,957.200 1.677.781,200 5,566,738.400
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
STOCKS OF GOLD A!
Fiscal year ended Popula-
June 30. tion.
1873 . 41.fi77.OOO
SD SILVER IN THE UNITED
, — Total coin and bullion. — .,
Gold. Silver.
$135.000,000 $6,149,305
351,841,206 148,522.678
1.695,563.029 463,211.919
1,034.439,264 647,371.030
1.635,424,513 727.078,304
1,753,134,114 732.002,448
1,812.856,241 741,184.095
1,866,619,157 745,585,964
1,871.611,723 753,563.709
1,973.330,201 758,039,421
2,450.516.328 763,218.469
3,018,964,392 772,908.301
STATES.
. Per capita. • N
Gold. Silver. TOUI m«uiiie
$3.23 $0.15 $3.38
7.01 2.9G 9.97
11.10 7.39 18.49
13.45 8.42 21.87
18.10 8.05 26.15
18.65 7.79 26.44
18.95 7.75 26.70
19.17 7.66 26.83
18.90 7.61 26.51
19.59 7.53 27.13
23.92 7.45 31.37
28.99 7.42 36.41
1880
.. 50 155.783
1890
62,622.250
1900
76,891.000
90 363 000
1911
93,983,000
1912
.. 95,656,000
1913
.. 97,337,000
1914
99,027,000
1915 ..
...100 725,000
1916...
. 102 431 000
1917
104.145,000
PRICE OF BAR SILVER IN LONDON.
Higrhest, lowest and average price of bar silver per ounce British standard (.925) since 1872
and the equivalent in United States gold coin of an ounce 1.000 fine, taken at the average price.
CALENDAR
YEAR.
Lowest
quota-
tion.
Highest Average
quota- quota-
tion, tion.
CALENDAR
YEAR.
Lowest
quota-
tion.
Highest
quota-
tion.
Average
quota-
tion.
Value of
a flneoz.
at av.
uotat'n
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
3880..
1881..
1882.
1883..
1884..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1890.
1891..
1894.
1895.
27 3-16
.
.87106
.78031
.63479
.65406
1896.
1897.
1898..
1899..
1900..
1901..
1902.,
1903..
1904..
1905..
1906.,
1907.,
1908
1909.
1910.
1911
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
191H.
1917.
23%
25
S*
24 15-16
2111-16
21 11-16
24 7-16
25 7-16
29
22
23 3-16
23 11-16
26*6
26 7-16
22)^
225-16
26 11-16
35 11-16
31 15-16 A.
2913-16
1*9*
30%
299-16
26 1-16
28 4
28 W6
305-16
33>$
32 7-16
27
2413-16
26
26W
2911-16
275
35 13-16
55
27 9-16
26 16-16
27 7-16
285-16
27 3-16
24 1-16
24«
2613-32
27 27-32
30%
30 3-16
2413-32
23.7024
24 21-32
2419-32
28 3-64
27 9-16
25 &
2321-32
31
4013-16
$0. 61 437
.60462
.59010
.60164
.62007
.59595
.52795
.54257
.57876
.61087
.67629
.66152
.53490
.5*016
.5407T
.53928
.61470
.60458
.55312
.51892
.68647
BULLION VALUE OF 371% GRAINS OF PURE SILVER AT ANNUAL AVERAGE
Year.
I860 . ...
Value.
...$1.045
Year.
1888....
PRICE OF
Value.
$0.726
SILVER.
Year.
1898.....
Value.
....$0.456
1870
. 1.027
1889...
.723
1899
.465
1880
.885
1890...
.809
1900
479
1881
875
1891....
.764
1901
460
1882
878
1892 ...
.674
1902
408
1883
857
1893
.603
1903...
419
1884
859
1894
490
1904
,447
1885
823
1895
505
1905
.472
1886
769
1896
.522
1906...
523
1887...
.757
1897...
.467
1907...
.511
Year.
1908.
Value
.$0.414
1909 402
1910 418
1911 419
1912 475
1913 488
1914 428
1915 401
1916 530
1917 692
COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER OF THE WORLD (1902-1915).
CALEN-
DAR
YEAR.
GOLD.
SILVER.
CALEN-
DAR
YEAR.
GOLD.
SILVER.
Fine
ounces.
Value.
Fine
ounces.
Coining
value.
Fine
ounces.
Value.
Fine
ounces.
Coining
value.
1902. .
1903. .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907. .
1908. .
10,662,098
11,634,007
22.roi.285
11.898.037
17,721,058
19,921,014
15.828,573
$220,405,125
240,496,274
455,427,085
245,954,257
366,330.460
411.803,902
327,205.649
149.826.725
161,159,508
145.332,335
73,371.385
120,339,501
171,561.490
151,352.824
$193,715,362
208.367,849
172,270.379
103,880,205
155,590,406
221.816,876
195.688,499
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
15,153,116
22.1104,542
18,002,444
17.447,478
15.494.784
12,025,303
8,887,712
$313,242,714
454,874,248
372,143.555
360,671,882
320,305,619
248,585,071
183,518,602
87,728.951
78.786,842
117,237,838
161,763,415
155.497.316
192,501,238
194.017,162
$113.427,331
108,915,627
148,156,282
171,293,019
155.265.702
106 478.285
100.679,385
GOLD AND SILVER COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES.
By calendar years.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver.
YEAR.
Gold.
Silver
1878....
S49,Y86,052
?28,518.85l
1888...
$31,380,808
*33.025,606
1898...
$77,985,757
$23,034,033
1908.
$131,638.632
$12,391,775
1879. .
39.080,080
27,569,776
1889..
21.413,931
35,496.683
1899...
111,344,220
26,061,520
1909.
88,776,907
8.087,852
1880. .
62.308.279
27,411,694
1890..
20,467,182
39,202,908
1900...
99,272,942
36.295,321
1910.
104,723,735
3,740,468
1881, .
96.aW.080
27.940.104
1891..
29,222.005
27,518,858
1901...
101,735.188
30.838,461
1911.
56,176.822
6,457,301
1882. .
65.887,685
27,973.132
1892..
34.787,223
12,641 ,078
1902...
47,184,932
30.028,167
1912.
17,498,522
7.340,995
1883. .
29.241.9!K)
29.246,968
1893..
56.997,020
8.802. 797
1903...
43.683,970
19.874,440
1913.
25,433,378
3,184,229
1884. .
23.991.756
28.534.866
1894.
79.546,160
9.200.351
1904...
233.402,428
15,695610
1914.
63,457,817
6.083.823
1885. .
27,773.012
2S.962.176
1895..
5H.616.358
5.698.010
1905...
49,638.441
6,332,187
1915.
23.968,401
4.114.082
1886. .
28.945,542
32.086,709
1896..
47,053.060
23.089,899
1906....
77.538.045
10.651.087
1916.
18,525,026
8.880.800
1887. .
23.972.3Ki
35.191.081
1897.. .
7(1.028.485
18.487.207
1907 . . .
131.907.490
13,178,435
1917.
10,014
29.412,300
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
133
Year.
1700
Ratio.
14.81
COMMERCIAL
Year.
1870
RATIO
Ratio.
...15.57
OF SILVER
Year.
1886
TO GOLD.
Ratio.
...20.78
Year.
1902
Ratio.
39.15
1720
...15.04
1871
...15.57
1887
...•21.13
1903
38.10
1740
14.94
1872
...15.63
1888
21.99
1904
35.70
1750
14.55
1873
...15.92
1889
22.10
1905
33.87
1760
...14.14
1874
...16.17
1890
19.76
1906...
...30.54
1770
1780
14.62
14 72
1875
1876 . . ..
...16.59
...17.88
1891
1892...
20.92
23 72
1907
1<)08
31.24
...38 62
1790
15 04
1877
.17 22
1893 .
26 49
1909
...39 73
1800
15 68
1878
...17.94
1894
...32.56
1910...
...38.22
1810
15 77
1879
1880
1881
1882
...18.40
...18.05
...18.16
...18.19
1895
1896
31.60
30.59
1911...
...38.34:
1820
1830
1840
15.62
15.82
15 62
1912
33.64
1897...
34 20
1913
34.19
1898...
35 03
1914
37.34
1850
...15 70
1883
...18.64
1899
34.36
1915
39.84
I860
15 39
1884
...18.57
1900
33.33
1916
30.11
1869...
...15.60
1885...
...19.41
1901...
...34.68
1917...
...23.09
BANKING STATISTICS.
[From reports of the comptroller of the currency.]
NATIONAL BANKS OF THE UNITED STATES.
jndJa Total Net ' Ratios. : *
Juiji. Banks. Capital. Surplus. dividends. earnings. Tc«pTta".to i'sun.ius.' c^p'tlm?
1912.7.307 $1.031,383,425 $704,346.706 $120.300.872 $149,056.603 1166 693 859
1913.7,404 1.051.720,675 725.272.182 119.906.051 160.980,084 906 6.75 1140
1914.7:453 1,063,978,175 714.117,131 121.147.096 149.270.170 11.39 681 839
1915.7.560 1,068,577,080 726,620,202 113,639.415 127.052,973 1063 633 708
1916.7.579 1,066,208,875 731.820.305 114,724,595 157,543.547 10.76 638 875
1917 7589 1081670000 765918000 194321000 1161 679 1052
NATIONAL BANK NOTES.
Bank notes outstanding by denominations and
amounts.
Denominations. Mar. 13. 1900. Oct. 31, 1917.
Ones .. $348.275 $342,072
State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. *Av.
Kansas. 2 3,260 $652.752.54 $200.23
Louis'na 11 98,350 24.797,491.52 252.14
Maryl'd. 28 48,000 14.977,241.12 312.03
Michig'n 4 25.385 7,205.094.76 283.83
Minn.... 2 27.967 9.317,439.54 333.16
Miss 12 15.450 3,503,806.22 226.78
Neb 19 21,490 4,510,756.29 209.90
N. H 10 25,205 9,809,945.29 389.21
N. J 1 39,100 16.045,585.89 410.37
N. Car. . 13 44,660 8,331.164.03 186.55
Oregon.. 2 1,141 404,055.24 354.12
Utah.... 10 61.000 16.648,228.32 272.92
Wyo 2 2.500 977,731.42 391.09
Twos .. 167.466 163.393
Fives .. , 79,310,710 109,509,420
Tens .. 79,378.160 299.571.340
Twenties .. .. 58.770,660 242.369.160
Fifties . 11.784 150 29,877,700
One hundreds 24103,400 35,060,200
Five hundreds 104,000 88,000
One thousands 27,000 21,000
Unredeemed fractions 32,409 56.811
Total.1,185 2,431,958 995,532,890.94 409.35
N. Eng.. 10 25,205 9.809,945.29 389.21
Eastern. 51 198,753 46,715,827.01 235.05
Southern 59 217.657 51.250.550.58 235.46
Mid.West 898 803.352 317,763,575.59 395.55
Western. 31 45.250 10,274,843.51 227.07
Pacific. . 136 1,141.741 559,718.148.96 490.23
•Average to each depositor.
NOTE— Returns from the banking depart-
ments of several states include stock savings
banks with commercial banks. It is estimated
that 300 stock savings banks with 815,000
depositors and $250.000,000 deposits are in-
cluded with the figures furnished by the state
banking departments for state banks. This
estimate includes the so-called stock savings
banks of Michigan.
Total 254.026,230 717,059,095
NATIONAL BANKS WITH LARGEST
CAPITAL.
The national banks having $5,000,000 or
more capital in 1917 were:
Bank of Commerce. New York, $25.000.000.
National City. New York, N. Y., $25,000,000.
Continental and Comm'l, Chicago, $21,500,000.
First National. New York, N. Y., $10.000.000.
First National, Chicago, 111., $10,000,000.
National Bank of Com., St. Louis, $10,000,000.
Chase. New York, N. Y., $10,000,000.
Shawmut. Boston, Mass., $10.000.000.
Bank of California, San Francisco, $8,500,000.
Beverly. Boston, Mass., $7,500,000.
Mechanics and Metals, New York, $6,000,000.
Farmers' Deposit. Pittsburgh, Pa., $6.000.000.
Mellon National. Pittsburgh, Pa., $6.000.000.
Wells Fargo-Nevada. San Francisco. $6/000,000.
First National, Cincinnati. O., $6.000.000.
First National. MX. neapolis. Minn.. $5.000.000.
American Exchange, New York, $5,000.000.
National Park. New York. N. Y.. $5.000.000.
First National. Boston. Mass., $5.000.000.
First National, Detroit, Mich., $5,000,000.
Marine, Buffalo, N. Y.. $5.000.000.
STOCK SAVINGS BANKS IN THE UNITED
STATES (JUNE 30, 1917).
State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. *Av.
Arizona. 3 7,200 $3,292,335.94 $457.27
Cal 1211,072.400539.373.529.46 502.96
Colo 8 18.000 4,133,603.26 174.09
D. of C. 22 111.653 15,693,000.00 140.55
Florida . 4 9.197 2.263,283.00 246.09
Georgia . 19 50.000 12.354.805.81 247.09
Iowa.... 892 750.000301.241,041.29 401.65
MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS OF THE UNITED
STATES (JUNE 30. 1917).
State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. *Av.
Cal 1 88.410 $65,295.141.44 $738.56
Conn.... 81 680,682 363,602.570.50 534.16
Del 2 39.318 14,646,256.45 372.50
Indiana . 5 34.003 14,337.222.17 421.65
Maine . . 46 240,814 98,689.825.73 409 81
Maryl'nd 19 250,000 101.917,376.07 407.67
Mass... . 196 2,566.467 1.026,822,448.75 400.09
Minn 7 126,308 29,578,559.32 234.18
N. H 46 206,590 105,764.673.14 511.95
N.J 24 308.556 128,265,535.36 415.66
N. Y... .141 3.452.111 1,991,469,146.62 576.88
Ohio 3 114.023 68.397,224.00 599.85
Penn. ...11 531,531 256,939.368.37 483.40
R.I 15 161,470 92,769,759.36 574.53
Vermont 20 118.864 59,676.772.53 502.05
W. Va... 1 6.542 1,743,335.31 266.48
Wis 4 9.366 2.573.369.30 274.76
Total. 622 8.935,055 4,422,489,384.42 494.96
134
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. *Av.
Mid W'stl9 283 700 $114,886,374.79 $404. 9"6
State. Deposits.* Balance.t
Oregon $2,114,688 $2.154.781
N Eng 404 3 974 887 1 747,326 050.01 439.59
Pennsylvania .. . 13,833.677 13,693.951
Eastern 197 4'581 516 2 493 237 682.87 544.19
Porto Rico 243,523 120,788
Southern 1 ' 6*542 1 743 335 31 266.48
Rhode Island 1,174,083 1,127,131
Pacific 1 88*410 65 295,941.44 738.56
South Carolina 53,043 42,173
South Dakota 65,981 79.937
Tennessee 279,908 310,298
,__,,
Texas , 1,155,218 1,022,025
Utah 631,631 548,835
JUNE 30, 1917.
Vermont 83,255 103,873
Banks. Saving's. Total.
Virginia :.. 819,090 614,885
State . ...$1,048.303,412 $5,390,824,047
Washington 4,421,992 4,100,664
Stock savings. 952,590,638 995,532,891
West Virginia 436,404 419,903
Mutual savings 4,340,274,115 4,422,489,384
Wisconsin 2,216,740 2,589,888
Loan & trust . 862 789.914 5,797.289,895
Wyoming- 290,604 275,756
Private 15 458 366 161 923 941
National 9,521.648,000
Total 132,112,217 131.954,696
Total 7,219,416,446 26,289,708,159
•During fiscal year. tTo credit of depositors
SAVINGS-BANK STATISTICS OF UNITED
STATES FROM 1820.
Av. to each
Yr. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. Depositor.
1820. 10 8,635 $1,138,576 $131.86
1830. 36 38.085 6,973,304 183.09
1840. 61 78.701 14,051,520 178.54
1850. 108 251,354 43,431,130 172.78
1860. 278 693,870 149,277,504 215.13
1870. 517 1,630,846 549,874,358 337.17
1880. 629 2,335,582 819,106,973 350.71
1890. 921 4,258,893 1,524,844,506 358.03
1900.1,002 6,107,083 2,449,547,885 401.10
1907.1,415 8,588,811 3,690.078,945 429.64
1908.1.453 8,705,848 3,660,553.945 420.47
1909.1.703 8,831,863 3,713,405,710 420.45
1910.1,759 9,142.908 4,070.486.246 445.20
1911.1,884 9,794.647 4,212,583,598 430.09
1912.1.922 10.010.304 4,451.818,522 444.72
1913.1.978 10.766.936 4,727.403,951 439.07
1914.2,110 11.109,499 4,936,591,849 444.03
1915.2,159 11,285.755 4,997,706.013 442,83
1916.1,86411,148,392 5,088,587,294 446.58
1917.1,80711,367,013 6,418.022.275 476.85
UNITED STATES POSTAL SAVINGS
SYSTEM
on June 30. 1916. was 602.937. On June 30.
1917, they numbered 674,728, the increase
being: 71.791.
BANKING POWER OF THE UNITED
STATES.
The banking1 power of the United States in
June, 1917, as represented by capital, sur-
plus and other profits, circulation and deposits
of national and other reporting banks, to-
gether with the estimated amount of funds of
this character in nonreporting banks, as well
as the paid-in capital, government and re-
serve deposits, and federal reserve notes in
circulation as shown by the statement of the
federal reserve banks as of June 22, 1917,
was $34.473,100.000.
The banking power of the United States alone
to-day is more than double the banking power
of the world as it stood in 1890 when Mul-
hall's estimate placed the world's banking
power at $15.985,000.000, and the banking
power of the United States is now more than
six times greater than Mulhall's estimate of
our banking power in 1890, which was given
by him at $5,150,000,000.
•Total (1917).
National banks '. .$12,624,300,000
State (etc) banks 19,459,100.000
Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917.
Nonreporting banks 530,000.000
State. Deposits.* Balance.t
Federal reserve banks 1 859,700 000
Alabama $383 910 $329,581
Alaska .. 449,360 332,947
34 473 100 000
Arizona 1,290,907 952,227
Arkansas . . 269,581 281,859
California 4,488,129 4,727,383
Colorado . 1.962,271 2,214,481
Connecticut . . 4 460,784 3,606,098
BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS
Delaware 445,337 317,353
(JAN. 1, 1917).
District of Columbia. 356,855 417,414
Florida .. 860,249 616.461
State. No. Members. Assets.
Pennsylvania ...1989 625003 $298827067
Georgia .. 196,292 174.671
Ohio .... 658 664862 270552589
Hawaii 103,408 59,547
New Jersey 756 299 913 155 126 962
Idaho 543,745 501.755
Massachusetts 183 236 760 113 305 907
Illinois 8,501,577 9,265,211
Illinois 649 230,667 105,478,403
Indiana 2,186,276 .2.261,549
New York 254 200,314 79629.881
Iowa 476,947 622,493
Indiana . . 350 192.375 72 294 256
Kansas , 647,969 881,227
Nebraska 72 94,927 47917847
Kentucky 428,005 510.150
California 90 42250 32794018
Louisiana .. 337,765 361.531
Michigan 70 63733 31379472
Maine 371,074 409,585
Kentucky 118 61915 25512910
Maryland 239,011 245.839
Louisiana 69 53030 24549245
Massachusetts 5501,484 5,621,535
Kansas 71 61027 23554109
Michigan 6 996 270 5,821 425
Missouri 157 50 404 23 543 833
Minnesota.. 2,160556 2531.755
Dist of Columbia 18 38 008 22 144 880
Mississippi . . 107.778 140 674
Wisconsin 77 45 891 16 873 842
Missouri 2,413.651 2.799.506
North Carolina... 148 42400 15904770
Montana 2,295.087 1,842,930
Washington 34 43000 12077727
Nebraska 472,613 536,044
Arkansas 41 22860 10174008
Nevada 662 682 561 794
Iowa 50 33035 9638852
New Hampshire 468,168 563.841
Minnesota 66 20.630 8,353.105
New Jersey 4,800063 4,716.871
West Virginia.... 47 20,500 7.749.567
New Mexico 223999 162.053
Colorado 44 10.200 6688983
New York . . . . 39 746 567 40 925 953
Maine . . 38 14.584 6 437 278
North Carolina... 50346 53631
Rhode Island .. 7 10.114 5360530
North Dakota .. 57529 48,655
Connecticut 22 13964 4.259325
Ohio 8 927 574 8 943 607
Oklahoma 37 13200 4200000
Oklahoma .. 408.561 390.172
South Dakota... 13 8.880 3.514.550
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
135
State.
Tennessee
New Hampshire..
North Dakota....
Texas
Montana
No.
14
20
10
27
16
State.
New Mexico
Vermont
Other states
No.
13
4
840
Members.
5,348
7.689
5.600
5,875
2.737
SAVINGS BANKS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
[From statistical abstract of the United States.]
Assets.
S3.330.619
3.013,360
2,746.810
1,943,438
1.640.029
Members. Assets.
3.720 $1.641.936
493 235,712
322,524 146.343.416
Total 7,072 3,568.432 1.598.528.136
Country. Date. Form oi bank.
Argentina Dec. 31. 1915. Postal
Austria Dec. 31, 1913. Communal & private
Austria Dec. 31, 1917. Postal, savings dept.
Austria Dec. 31, 1917. Postal, check dept..
Depositors. Deposits. Aver. Per cap.
75,712 $920,301 $12.16 $0.12
4,385,064 1,291,041,227 294.42 44.89
2,495.584 57,235,850 22.93 1.99
. . 150,240 418,823,5102,787.70 14.56
Belgium Dec. 31. 1912. Government 3,013,296 204,147,391 67.75 °6.96
Belgium Dec. 31, 1912. Communal & private 49,794 11,854,503 23807 157
Bulgaria Dec. 31, 1911. Postal 312,462 8,797,965 28.16 2.03
Chile Dec. 31. 1914. Public 396,488 11,334,804 28.59 3.15
Denmark Mar. 31, 1916. Communal and Corp. 1,274,365 223,523,385 175.40 76.52
Egypt Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 198,840 2,345.227 11.79 .19
France Dec. 31, 1914. Private 8,659.551 774,204,976 89.40' 1955
France Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 6,601,382 319,634,510 48.42 807
Algeria Dec. 31, 1909. Municipal 19,427 1,309,769 67.42 24
Tunis Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 1,537 1,389,843 90426 73
Germany Dec. 31. 1913. Public & corporate. 23,871,657 4,685.982.000 196.30 70.24
Hungary Dec. 31, 1909. Communal &. private 1,149,251 428.023,064 372.44 1999
Hungary Dec. 31, 1913. Postal, savings dept. 873,780 22,852,522 26.15 1.07
Hungary Dec. 31. 1913. Postal, check dept.. 25,630 23,286,942 908.58 1.09
Italy .Dec. 31, 1914. Communal & Corp.. 2,473,216 491,464,209 198.71 1345
Italy Apr. 30, 1917. Postal 6,472,442 431,922,457 66.73 11.82
Japan Dec. 31, 1914. Private 9,688,958 82.489,620 8.51 1.50
Japan Mar. 31. 1916. Postal 12,700,105 113,040.989 8.90 2.05
Formosa Dec. 31. 1912. Private 8,065 172,732 21.42 .05
Formosa Mar. 31, 1916. Postal 272,913 1,582,323 5.80 .43
Chosen Mar. 31, 1917. Postal 1,069.312 5.073.831 • 4.74 .30
Luxemburg- Mar. 31. 1914. State 76.808 12,597,471 164.01 47.01
Netherlands .. .Dec. 31, 1915 .Private 512,060 48,650,442 95.01 7.39
Netherlands . . .June 30, 1917. Postal 1.744.804 84.538,307 48.41 12.84
Dutch E.Indies.Dec. 31, 1914. Private 5,740 889,304 154.93 .02
Dutch E.Indies.Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 130,909 4,306,061 32,89 .09
Dutch Guiana.Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 10,750 332,579 30.94 374
D'tch W.Indies.Dec. 31, 1916. Postal 4,580 97,253 21.23 1.71
Norway Dec. 31, 1915. Communal and priv. 1,217,062 193,906.949 159.32 77.30
Roumania July 1, 1910. Government 218,690 11,616,820 53.12 1.69
Russia Mar. 1, 1917. State, incl. postal... 12,488,000 2,133,233,000 170.82 11.92
Finland Dec. 31. 1914. Private 361.662 60.844,408 168.24 18.61
Finland .Dec. 31. 1914. Postal 67,524 1,341,693 19.87 .41
Spain Dec. 31, 1916. Private 755.657 83,094,011 109.96 4.05
Spain Dec. 31, 1916. Postal 163,112 3,238,354 19.85 .16
Sweden Dec. 31, 1915 .Communal & trustee 1,807,498 285,539,493 157.97 50.00
Sweden Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 582,829 12,825.432 22.01 2.24
Switzerland Dec. 31, 1908 .Communal and priv. 1,963.417 307,386,431 156.56 86.47
United kingdom.Nov. 20, 1915. Trustee 1,966,730 250.198,399 127.22 5.62
United kingdom.Dec. 31, 1915. Postal 14,180,086 906.763,188 63.95 20.39
British India.. Mar. 31, 1916. Postal 1.660,424 49,707.248 29.94 .20
Australia.Com.Mar. 31, 1917. Government 2,552,059 487,686,039 191.10100.04
New Zealand.. Dec. 31, 1916. Postal 538.072 124,598.017 231.56113.17
New Zealand.. Mar. 31. 1917. Private 81.900 11,740,261 143.35 10.66
Canada Mar. 31, 1916. Postal 134.345 40,008.418 297.80 4.95
Canada Mar. 31. 1916. Government 30.618 13,520.009 441.57 1.67
Brit. S. Africa. 1914-15. Government 260,164 28,823,428 110.79 3.92
Brit. W. Indies. 1914-15 . Government 97.465 6,438,165 66.06 3.61
Brit, col., n.e.s. 1914-15 . Government 269.486 14,480.853 53.74 .56
Total, foreign , 130.121,522 14,790,855,983 112.12 15.92
United States... June 30, 1917. Postal 674,728 131.954,696 195.57 1.26
United States. ..June 30. 1917. Mutual and stocks . 11,367,013 5,418,022,275 476.64 51.59
Philippines ...Sept. 30, 1917. Postal 66.466 2,086.979 31.40 .23
Grand total 142.169.729 20,342,919,933 143.09 19.53
COINS OF THE UNITED STATES (1798-1916).
Gold Coins.
Fifty Dollar Piece, Panama-Pacific Interna-
tional Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915;
weight, 1.290 grains; fineness, .900; total
amount coined 1917, $150,950.
Double Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act
of March 3, 1849; weight, 516 grains; fine-
ness. .900. Total amount coined to June 30,
1917. $2,436,142,120. Full legal tender.
Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 270 grains; fineness,
.916%: weight changed, act of June 28. 1834.
to 258 grains: fineness changed, act of June
28. 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of
June 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1917, $516,714,850. Pull legal
tender.
, Half-Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act of
'April 2, 1792; weight, 135 grains; fineness,
.916%; weight changed, act of June 28, 1834,
to 129 grains: fineness changed, act of June
28, 1834, to .899225: fineness changed, act of
Jan. 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1917, $391,249,345. Full legal
tender.
Quarter-Eagles — Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2. 1792; weight, 67.5 grains; fineness,
.916?^; weight changed, act of June 28. 1834,
to 64.5 grains: fineness changed, act of June
28, 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of
136
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
June 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined
to June 30, 1917, $44,641,475. Full legal
tender.
Quarter-Eagle, Panama-Pacific International
Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight,
64.5 grains; fineness, .900; total amount
coined, $25,000.
Three-Dollar Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of Feb. 21, 1853; weight, 77.4 grains;
fineness, .900; coinage discontinued, act of
Sept. 26, 1890. Total amount coined, $1,619,-
376. Full legal tender.
One Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act of
March 3, 1849; weight, 25.8 grains; fineness,
.900; coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26,
1890. Total amount coined, $19,499,337. Full
legal tender.
One Dollar, Louisiana Purchase Exposition —
Authorized June 28, 1902; weight, 25. 8 grains;
fineness, .900. Total amount coined, $250,000.
One Dollar, Lewis and Clark Exposition —
Authorized April 13, 1904; weight, 25.8
grains; fineness, .900. Total amount coined,
$60,000.
One Dollar, Panama-Pacific International Ex-
position— Authorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight,
25.8 grains; fineness, .900; total amount
coined, $25,034.
One Dollar, McKinley Memorial — Authorized
Feb. 23, 1916; weight, 25.8; fineness .900;
total coined to June 30, 1917, $30,040.
Silver Coins.
Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act of April
2, 1792; weight, 416 grains; fineness, .8924;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to 412%
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900; coinage discontinued act of Feb. 12,
1873. Total amount coined to Feb. 12, 1873.
$8,031,238. Coinage reauthorized, act of
Feb. 28, 1878; coinage discontinued after
July 1, 1891, except for certain purposes, act
of July 14, 1890. Amount coined to June
30, 1917, $578,303.848. Full legal tender ex-
cept when otherwise provided in the con-
tract.
Trade Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act of
Feb. 12, 1873; weight, 420 grains; fineness,
.900; legal tender limited to $5, act of June
22, 1874 (rev. stat.) ; coinage limited to ex-
port demand and legal tender quality repealed,
joint resolution, July 22, 1876; coinage dis-
continued, act of Feb. 19, 1887. Total
amount coined, $35,965,924.
Lafayette Souvenir Dollar — Authorized by
act of March 3, 1899; weight, 412% grains;
fineness .900. Total amount coined $50.000.
Half-Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 208 grains; fineness,
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 206% grains; fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900: weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853, to 192 grains: weight changed, act
of Feb. 12, 1873, to 12% grams, or 192.9
grains. Total amount coined to June 30, 1917,
$195.483,136. Legal tender. $10.
Columbian Half-Dollar — Authorized to be
coined, act of Aug. 5, 1892; weight, 192.9
C'rains; fineness, .900. Total amount coined,
$2.500,000. Legal tender, $10.
Half-Dollar, Panama-Pacific International
Exposition — Authorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight,
192.9; fineness, .900; total amount coined,
$30,000.
Quarter-Dollar — Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2, 1792'; weight, 104 grains; fineness,
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 103^4 grains: fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853, to 96 grains; weight changed, act
of Feb. 12, 1873, to 6% grams, or 96.45
grains. Total amount coined to June 30,
1917. $109.414,939.50. Legal tender, $10.
Columbian Quarter-Dollar — Authorized to be
coined, act of March 3, 1893; weight, 96.45
grains; fineness, .900. Total amount coined,
$10,000. Legal tender, $10.
Twenty-Cent Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of March 3, 1875; weight, 5 grams, or
77.16 grains; fineness, .900; coinage pro-
hibited, act of May 2, 1878. Total amount
coined, $271,000.
Dime — Authorized to be coined, act of April
2, 1792; weight, 41.6 grains: fineness, .8924;
weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to 41%
grains; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853,
to 38.4 grains; weight changed, act of Feb. 12,
1873, to 2% grams, or 38.58 grains. Total
amount coined to June 30, 1917, $82,699,-
999.70. Legal tender, $10.
Half-Dime — Authorized to be coined, act of
April 2, 1792; weight, 20.8 grains; fineness,
.8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837,
to 20% grains: fineness changed, act of Jan.
18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb.
21, 1853, to 19.2 grains; coinage discontinued,
act of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount coined.
$4,880,219.40.
Three-Cent Piece — Authorized to be coined,
act of March 3, 1851; weight, 12% grains;
fineness, .750; weight changed, act of March
3, 1853, to 11.52 grains; fineness changed, act
of March 3, 1853, to .900; coinage discon-
tinued, act of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount
coined, $1,282,087.20.
Minor Coins.
Five-Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be coined,
act of May 16, 1866: weight. 77.16 grains:
composed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per
cent nickel. Total amount coined to June 30,
1917, $48,357,394.20. Legal tender for $1.
but reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12.
1873.
Three-Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be
coined, act of March 3, 1865; weight, 30
grains; composed of 75 per cent copper and
25 per cent nickel. Total amount coined,
$941,349.48. Legal tender for 60 cents, but
reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12, 1873.
Coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26, 1890.
Two-Cent (bronze) — Authorized to be coined,
act of April 22, 1864; weight, 96 grains; com-
posed of 95 per cent copper and 5 per cent tin
and zinc. Coinage discontinued, act of Feb.
12. 1873. Total amount coined, $912,020.
Cent (copper) — Authorized to be coined, act
of April 2, 1792; weight, 264 grains; weight
changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 208 grains;
weight changed, by proclamation of the presi-
dent, Jan. 26, 1796, in conformity with act of
March 3, 1795, to 168 grains; coinage discon-
tinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total amount
coined, $1,562,887.44.
Cent (nickel) — Authorized to be coined, act
of Feb. 21, 1857; weight, 72 grains; composed
of 88 per cent copper and 12 per cent nickel.
Coinage discontinued, act of April 22, 1864.
Total amount coined, $2,007,720.
Cent (bronze) — Authorized, act of April 22,
1864; weight, 48 grains; composed of 95 per
cent copper and 5 per cent tin and zinc. Total
amount coined to June 30, 1917, $26,602,-
131.82. Legal tender, 25 cents.
Half-Cent (copper) — Authorized to be coined,
act of April 2, 1792; weight, 132 grains;
weight changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 104
grains; weight changed by proclamation of
the president. Jan. 26. 1796, in conformity
with act of March 3, 1795. to 84 grains; coin-
age discontinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total
amount coined, $39,926.11.
* Total Coinage.
Gold $3,410,407,527.00
Silver 1,010,891,153.80
Minor 80,423,429.05
Total 4,501,722,109.85
^Coinage, 1916.
Gold $18,525,026.00
Silver 8,880,800.00
Minor 6,337,550.07
Total 33,743,376.07
•To end of fiscal year June 30, 1917. tCal-
endar year.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
137
MONEY IN CIRCULATION IN THE UNITED STATES JULY 1. 1918.
CLASSIFICATION.
General stock
of money
in the U. 8.
July 1.1918.
Held in
treasury as
assets of the
government
July 1, 1918.
Held by fed-
eral reserve
banks
July 1, 1918.
MONET IN CIRCULATION.
Julyl, 1918.
July 1,1917.
Jan. 1,1879.
Gold coin (inc. bullion intreas.)
Gold certincates
$3.076,482,515
$245.602,753
$686.838.455
208,278,320
$1,107,531.243
828,231,744
77,341,545
381.806,776
217,206,560
1,851,130
889,986,288
1,711,411,695
15,343.975
704.137,008
5.384.797,90!!
$764,412,156
1,747.891,829
71,829.961
477,507, 13ti
194,4 15,HM
1,970,414
336.251,854
544,749,215
12,099,660
698,632,391
4.850,359,720
$96.262,850
21,189,280
5,790.721
413,3«0
67,982,601
Standard silver dollars
499,684,959
38,685,508
Silver certificates
Subsidiary silver
232,147,364
14.940,804
346,681.016
1.847,580,445
15,444,000
724,205.485
6,742,225.784
6,744,783
29,982,400
100,025
20.068,477
35ti. 124.750
310,288,511
106.186,350
1,001,303,125
Federal reserve bank notes....
National bank notes
Total
"3'l4.339,398
K16.26fi,721
Population of continental United States J uly 1, 1918. estimated at 105,869,000; circulation per capita, $50.86.
LIFE INSURANCE IN THE UNITED STATES.
Year.
1850
I860
1870
1880
1890 1,319.561
1900 3.176.051
nary.-
Amount.
$68,614,189
180,000,000
2,262,847,000
1.564.183,532
3,620,057,439
7,093.152.380
13 227,213,168
i9i«;;;;;!;;i6,'698;452 19,868,270,425 34,997,474 4;767;759;9io
Payments to
Total income.
1890 $196.938,069
1900 400.257,603
1910 781.011,249
1916 1,117.860,328
Industrial . ^ , • Total.
Policies. Amount. Policies. Amount.
236.674
3,883,529
11,219,296
23,034,463
$20,533,469
429,521,128
1.468,986,366
3,177.047,874
916.364 $1,584.717.001
5,203,090 4,049,578,567
14,395.347 8,562,138,746
29,988,582 16,404.261,042
45,695,926 24,636,030,335
Liabilities. Surplus.
$678,681,309 $92,290,752
1,493.378,709 249.035.464
3.325.878,366 549,998.693
policyholders. Assets.
$90.007,820 $770,972,061
168,687,601 1,742.414,173
387,302,073 3.875,877,059
566,386,275 5,536.607,483 4,966,580,921 570,026,562
FRATERNAL LIFE INSURANCE.
Com- Claims Insurance Insurance
Year. panies. Income. Disbursement. paid. written. in force.
1901 489 $81,628,596 $77.343,460 $64,128,047 $799,626,678 $5.656.453,465
1910... .. 497 128,631.649 110,168,334 92,279,662 1,331.552,713 9,562,511,910
1916... .. 523 146.369,847 130,537,338 107,635,637 1,155.784.564 9,162,111,616
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE.
Com-
Yr. panies. Income. Losses. Divide
1890.580 $157.857,983 $75.334,517 $5.334,495
1900.493 198.312,577108,307,171 8,446.110
1910 . 597 381,545;814 166,789.763 20.709,261
1916.608 535,753,022 244,812,685 16,972,807
ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE.
Year. Premiums. Losses.
1914 $41,830,753 $18.361,764
1915 41,069,870 18,519,057
CASUALTY AND OTHER INSURANCE.
nds.
495
Year.
1890 ....
Com-
panies.
, 34
Income.
$9,758 413
Payments to
policyholders.
$2 933 306
110
1900 ....
, 62
32 309.619
10 166 796
261
1910 . ..
.. 177
111,041 748
41 465 472
807
1916
.... 192
220 620 624
89 370 067
UNITED STATES FIRE LOSSES BY YEARS.
[From the Insurance Press.]
K9.14. nnfj arm 1014. *9.9.
1910 $214,003,300
1912 206.438,900
1913 203,408,250
1914 $221.439,350
1915 172.033,200
1916 214,530,995
MANUFACTURE OF AUTOMOBILES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From U. S. census report, 1916.]
In 1914 there were in the United States 338
establishments manufacturing: complete auto-
mobiles, their output being 573,114 machines,
valued at $465,642,474, as compared with 315
establishments in 1909 with an output of
127,287 machines valued at $165,099,404.
Following1 is a comparative summary of the
various kinds of machines made in 1914 and
1909 with the percentage of increase. Only
two establishments made steam automobiles in
1914. and to avoid disclosing their operations
the statistics for these companies were con-
solidated with those for gasoline machines.
Type. 1914. 1909. Inc.
Gasoline and steam 568.399 123.452 360.4
Family and pleasure. .544.255 119.190 356.6
1909. Inc.
76,189 497.0
2,771 721.1
1,491 6.7
3,835 22.9
Type. 1914.
Touring cars 454,876
Delivery wagons and
trucks 22,753
All other 1,391
Electric 4,715
Total 573,114 127.287 350.3
MOTORCYCLES AND BICYCLES.
There were manufactured in 1914 62.793
motorcycles valued at $12,306.447. and 398.-
899 bicycles, valued at $5,361,229. In 1909
the output was 18,628 motorcycles, valued at
$3,015.988, and 233,777 bicycles, valued at
$3,228.189. The number of establishments
reporting in 1914 was 94 as compared with
122 in 1909.
CRUDE PETROLEUM PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES.
Year. Gallons.
1910 8,801. 354.016
1911 9,258,874.422
Year. Gallons.
1912 9.328.755,156
Year. Gallons.
1914 11,162,026,470
1913 10,434,741,660 I 1915 11.806,372,368
Year. Gallons.
1916 12,632,220,636
138
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
TELEGRAPH STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES.
[From reports of federal census bureau.]
The figures are for the year ending Dec. 31,
1912, and cover commercial operating companies
only.
LAND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.
Number of companies or systems 22
Miles of pole line *247,528
Miles of single wire owned and leased fl, 814,196
Number of messages $103,536, 418
Number of telegraph offices '... 30,781
Income, total $56,293,469
Telegraph traffic 152.337,211
All other sources $3,956,258
Net income for the year |$3,431,044
Expenses, total $52,862,425
General operation and maintenance.. $39,067,011
Interest and taxes $2,740,827
All other expenses $11,054,587
Assets, total $191,516.700
Construction and equipment $143,910,631
Stocks and bonds $17.122,592
Cash and current assets $29.672.528
Profit and loss deficit $810.949
Liabilities, total $191,516.700
Capital stock $104.274.435
Funded debt $34.741.000
Reserves $5,254.329
Accounts payable $12,175,438
Dividends, taxes and interest $1,460,733
Sundries $23.447.146
Profit and loss surplus $10.163.619
Net surplus $9,352,670
Capitalization— Stock outstanding, par
value $104,274,435
Dividends on stock $3.139,861
Funded debt $34,741,000
Average number employes 35,639
Salaries and wages $23.797.980
•Exclusive of pole line wholly used by rail-
roads. tDoes not include 22,816 nautical miles of
ocean cable operated by one land telegraph com-
pany. Exclusive also of 314,329 miles of wire
wholly owned and operated by railway com-
panies for their own business. tDoes not include
land messages sent over its 207 miles of leased
land wire by a wireless company, nor ocean cable
messages. {Exclusive of ocean cable messages.
WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.
Number of companies or systems 4
Number of messages '285.091
Number of tower stations 74
Income, total $669,158
Net income $4,738
Expenses, total $664,420
General operations and maintenance.. $588,712
Interest and taxes i $7,826
All other expenses $67,882
Assets, total $10,377,197
Construction and equipment $1,205,770
Cash and current assets $9,171,427
Liabilities, total $10,377,197
Capital stock $9.602,570
Floating debt and mortgages $18,483
Accounts payable $583,160
Profit and loss surplus $172.984
Capitalization — Stock outstanding, par
value $9,602,570
Average number employes 958
Salaries and wages $393,606
•Includes 5,013 land messages sent over a leased
land wire by a wireless company doing land
telegraph business also.
OCEAN CABLE SYSTEMS (U. S.).
Number of companies or systems* 7
Nautical miles of ocean cable* 67,676
Number of messages* t5,841,280
Income, total $8,469,374
Telegraph traffic $8,065,798
All other sources $403,576
Net income $2.952,847
Expenses, total $5.516,527
General operation $4.008,218
Interest and taxes $1.214,554
All other expenses $293,755
Assets, total $107,583,155
Construction and equipment $78,136.115
Stocks and bonds, treasury stock, etc. $16,811,087
Cash and current assets $12.635,953
Liabilities, total $107,583.155
Capital stock $55.489,400
Funded debt and reserves $43.549.451
Accounts payable $1,459,797
Dividends due and sundries $587,229
Profit and loss surplus $6.497,278
Capitalization — Stock outstanding, par
value $55,489,400
Dividends on stock $3,040,200
Average number employes 1,656
Salaries and wages $1,167,014
•Includes returns for Western Union Telegraph
company, but no segregation could be made of
financial statistics or employes for the cable
business of this company. tNumber for one com-
pany estimated by company reporting.
1900 933,153
1910 1,429.049
1916 1.627.342
WESTERN UNION STATISTICS.
Miles of wires. Offices. Receipts.
22,900 $24.758.570
24,825 33,889.202
25,234 63,621,601
Expenses.
$18.593.206
26,614.302
49,894.346
Profits.
$6.165,364
7.274,900
13.727,255
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON.
The Smithsonian institution was established by
statute in 1846, under the terms of the will of
James Smithson, who bequeathed his fortune In
1826 to the United States for the "increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men." From the
income of the fund a building, known as the
Smithsonian building, was erected in Washing-
ton, D. C., on land given by the United States.
The institution is legally an establishment hav-
ing as its members the president and vice-presi-
dent of the United States, the chief justice and
the president's cabinet. It is governed by a
board of regents consisting of the vice-president,
the chief justice, three members of the United
States senate, three members of the house of
representatives and six citizens appointed by
joint resolution of congress. It Is under the im-
mediate direction of the secretary of the Smith-
sonian institution, who is the executive officer of
the board and the director of the institution's
activities. The institution aids investigators by
making grants for research and exploration, pro-
viding for lectures, initiating scientific projects
and publishing scientific papers. It has adminis-
trative charge of the national museum, the na-
tional gallery of art. the international exchange
service, the national zoological park, the astro-
physical observatory and the regional bureau for
the international catalogue of scientific litera-
ture. The institution's original endowment of
$541,000 has been increased by gifts and accu-
mulated interest. The secretary of the institu-
tion is Charles D. Walcott.
SINKING OF THE
The City of Athens, an American steamship
of the Savannah line, was rammed in a foer
by a French cruiser off the Delaware coast
at 1 a. m.. May 1. 1918, and sank in seven
minutes. Only two lifeboats were successfully
launched and most of the passengers and
crew were compelled to jump into the sea in
CITY OF ATHENS.
the darkness. Sixty-seven lives were lost and
sixty-eig-ht persons were saved. Most of the
latter were picked up by boats from the
cruiser. Those lost included twelve civilian
passeng-ers. fourteen French sailors, seven
United States marines and thirty-four officers
and members of the crew of the liner.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
139
MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES.
[From the reports of the bureau of navigation. Data for years later than 1916 withheld by
the government.]
YEAR.
IN FOREIGN
TRADE.
IN COASTWISE
TRADE.
WHALE
FISHERIES.
Cod and
Mackerel
Fish-
eries.
Total.
Annual
inc. <+)
or
dec.(-)
Steam.
Total.
Steam.
Total.
Steam.
Total.
I860
Tons.
97,296
192,544
146,604
192,705
337.356
533.468
667.896
720,609
1,346.164
1,573,705
Tons.
2,379,396
1.448,841)
1,314,402
928.062
816,795
782,517
1,019.165
1,086.288
1,862.714
2,185,008
Tons.
770,641
882,551
1.064,954
1,661,458
2,289,825
4.330,896
4,646,741
4,688,240
4,578.567
4,315,579
Tons.
2.614.867
2,638.247
2,637,686
3,409,435
4.286,516
6.668,966
6,817,013
6.818.363
6.486,384
6,244,550
Tons.
Tons.
166.841
67,954
38,408
18,638
9,899
9,308
8,611
9,864
8,829
6,707
Tons.
162,764
91.460
77,538
68,367
51,629
47,291
41,762
26,700
31,502
33,384
Tons.
5,353,868
4,246,507
4,068,034
4,424.497
5,164.839
7.508,082
7,886,551
T,928,«88
8.389.429
8,469.649
Per
:
cent.
-4.06
r2.41
- 2.43
r 2.71
-6.18
-l.«l
-2.23
- 2.^3
- 5.49
-0.95
1870
1880
1890
4,925
3,986
3,509
3,252
4.265
3,682
1.789
1900
1910
1913
1914
1915
1916
VESSELS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES.
YEAR.
New
Knidand
coast.
On entire
seaboard.
Mississippi
and tribu-
taries.
On great
lakes.
Total.
Sail.
Steam.
1890
No.
208
199
111
95
79
89
62
Tons.
78,577
72,179
23,442
27,131
21,934
18,551
37,568
No.
756
1,107
887
1,022
887
777
609
Tons.
169,091
249.006
167,829
247,318
251,683
184.605
238.181
No.
104
215
193
234
133
144
140
Tons.
16,506
14.173
5,488
7,930
8,018
5,499
4,978
No.
191
125
281
219
131
147
126
Tons
108,526
130,611
168,751
90,907
56,549
16,467
44.691
No.
1.051
1,447
1,361
1,476
1,151
1,157
937
Tons.
294,123
393,790
342,068
346.155
316,250
225,122
325,413
No.
505
504
1
51
51
34
Tons.
102,873
116,460
19.358
28,610
13,749
8,021
14,765
No.
410
422
936
1,004
ra
751
129
Tons.
159,045
202,528
257,993
243.408
224.225
154,990
237,836
11XX). . . .
1910
1913
1914. . .
191ft .
1916
MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING. 1912 TO 1916.
[From Lloyd's Register.]
Where built. No.
United kingdom 712
British colonies 84
Austria-Hungary 12
Denmark 22
France 80
Germany 165
Italy 27
Japan 168
Netherlands 112
Norway 89
Sweden 22
United States:
Coast 144
Great lakes : 30
Other countries 52
Total 1.719 2,901,769 1,750 3,332,882 1,319 »2,852,753 743 *1,201,638
'Returns not complete.
Wood— Sailing 45
Steam 26
Gas 229
Unrigged 242
tReturns not available.
SHIPS BUILT IN 1916.
Calendar year.
,— Atlantic^, , — Pacific — .
and gulf.
No. *Tons.
12,892
3,999
7.423
82,074
No.
3
14
166
79
*Tons.
3,903
7.472
8,719
9,080
/ — Great — x ,— Western^
lakes. rivers.
No. *Tons. No. "Tons.
Total
Total 542 106.383 265 29.174
Metal— Sailing 1 562
Steam 50 193,827 10 63.931
Gas 8 7,672 1 213
Unrigged 9 3,977
Total 68 206,038 11 64,144
Totals— Sailing 46 13.454 6 3.903
Steam 76 197,826 24 71,403
Gas 237 15,095 167 8.932
Unrigged 251 86,051 79 9.080
Grand total 610 312,426
•Gross tons. In addition to the above there
were built during 1916 for foreigners 36 wooden gross tons. Data for 1917 withheld by the gov-
vessels of 372 gross tons and 14 steel vessels of ' eminent.
276 93.318 125 108,235 152 6.868 1,163 520.847
39.020 gross tons ; total. 50 vessels of 39,392
140
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
PRINCIPAL, SEAPOR
NET VESSEL TONNAGI
[From statistical abstra
Port. Year. Entered. Cleared.
Adelaide, Aust...l916 423,000 156,000
Aden, Arabia. .. .1916 2,077,000 2.088,000
Alexandria, Egypt.1916 967,000 1,344,000
Antwerp, Belgium.1912 13,757,000 13,722,000
Archangel, Rus...l915 939,000 861,000
Baltimore, Md...l917 2,665,000 2,407,000
Barcelona, Spain.. 1913 2,641,000 1,856,000
Bilbao, Spain 1913 2,015,000 1,940,000
Bombay. India. ..1916 1,383,000 1,318,000
Bordeaux, France. 1916 2,824,000 1,014,000
Boston, Mass.... 1917 2,012,000 1,448,000
Boulogne, France. 1916 613,000 317,000
Bremen, Germany.1913 1,511,000 1,506,000
Bremerhaven, Ger.1913 2,038,000 1,945,000
Buenos Aires. Arg-,1912 7.962.000 6.285,000
Calcutta, India. ..1916 1,441,000 1,734,000
C. Town, U.of S.A.1916 2,960,000 3,236,000
Cardiff, Wales 1914 7,285.000 8,938,000
Cherbourg, Fr...l916 230,000 57,000
Colombo, Ceylon.. 1915 4,869,000 4,907,000
Const'nople Tur 1913 14.319,000
TS OF THE WOKJ.Ii.
: IN FOREIGN TRADE,
ct of the United States.]
Port. Year. Entered.
Liverpool, Eng...l914 11,959.000
London, England.. 1914 13,006,000
Marseilles, France. 1916 5,299,000
Melbourne, Aust.. 1916 716,000
Meji, Japan 1916 4,775,000
Cleared.
10,813,000
10,453,000
3,402,000
375,000
4,777,000
8,593,000
1,663,000
1,996,000
5,033,000
3,019,000
13,187,000
1,081,000
1,067,000
2.521,000
4,055.000
2,418,000
3,102,000
823,000
4,342,000
5,331,000
1,508,000
2,652,000
8,503,000
6,612.000
4,655,000
1,102,000
1,516,000
3,460,000
7,242,000
1,523,000
5,552,000
1,593.000
1,427,000
2,214,000
1,216,000
3,113,000
Deg. Min.
..83 10
Montevideo, Urug.1912 8,598,000
Montreal, Canada.1916 1,613,000
Nagasaki, Japan. .1916 1,979,000
Naples, Italy 1914 5,120,000
New Orleans, La. 1917 2,833,000
New York, N. Y.1917 12,913,000
Odessa, Russia. ..1914 1,044,000
Petrograd, Rus...l914 1,171,000
Philadelphia, Pa. .1917 2,540,000
Piraeus. Greece 1914 4,067,000
Pt.Natal (Durban) 1916 2,825,000
Puget Sound, U. S.1917 3,054,000
Riga, Russia 1914 772,000
R. de Janeiro, Bra.1916 4,347,000
Rotterdam, Hoi.. 1916 3,192,000
S. Francisco, Cal.1917 1,287,000
Santos, Brazil. . ..1916 2,650,000
Shanghai, China. .1916 8,316,000
Singapore.Sts.Sets.1916 6,602,000
S'thampton, Eng..l914 4,652,000
Sydney, Australia.1916 1,079,000
Tampico, Mexico. 1912 1,521,000
Trieste, Austria. .1913 3,466,000
Tyne Ports, Eng..l914 5,999,000
Valencia, Spain.. 1913 1,705,000
Valetta, Malta. ..1914 5,546,000
Vancouver. Can... 1916 1,889,000
Vera Cruz, Mex. .1912 1,.447,000
Victoria, Canada. .1916 1,955,000
Vladivostok, Rus.1915 1,246,000
Yokohama, Japan.1916 3,187,000
Copenhagen, Den. .1912 3.441,000 3,484,000
Cork, Ireland .... 1914 3,120,000 2,954,000
Dunkerque, Fr. ... .1916 1,201,000 109,000
Fiume, Austria. .. 1912 2,125,000 2,144,000
Fremantle, Aust . . 191(5 736,000 759,000
Oalveston, Tex. . .1917 1,096,000 1,246,000
Genoa, Italy 1914 5,336,000 5,119,000
Gibraltar 1913 6.315.000 6.161,000
Glasgow, Scot... 1914 3,012,000 3,987,000
Hamburg, Ger...l913 12.997.000 13,192,000
Havana, Cuba.. . .1916 3,914,000 3,450,000
Havre, France. . .1916 2,642,000 1,112,000
Hongkong-Victorial914 11,045,000 11,025,000
Kobe, Japan 1916 5,709,000 5,722,000
Lisbon, Portugal.. 1914 9,337,000 9,206,000
ARCTIC AND ANTAB
STEFANSSON EXPEDITION.
Vilhjalmar Stefansson, the arctic explorer,
passed the winter of 1917-1918 on Herschel
island after his boat, the Polar Star, grounded
at Barter island in the fall of 1917. He passed
through a serious illness, which made a con-
tinuance of his work inadvisable, and he
returned to Vancouver, B. C., Sept. 16. 1918.
No arctic continent was discovered, he said,
but a number of islands were found, mapped
and explored.
AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION.
Capt. Roald Amundsen started on another
arctic exploration trip in June, 1918, his ship,
the Maude, leaving Christiania, Norway, on
the 28th of that month for Tromsoe. where
the captain joined it. His vessel carried pro-
visions for five years. From Tromsoe the plan
was to go to Nova Zembla and drift thence
•with the ice across the north polar basin.
THE POLAR RECORD.
Year. Explorer. Arctic. Deg. Mln.
1854— E. K. Kane 80 56
,CTIC EXPLORATION.
Year. Explorer.
1876 — Capt. Nares
1879 — Lieut. De Long
..77 15
1882— Lieut. Greely
..83 24
1890 — Lieut. Peary
..83 50
1891 — Heut Peary
..83 24
1895 — Fridtjof Nansen
..86 14
1900 — Duke d'Abruzzi
..86 3?
1902 — Lieut Peary
..84 11
1904 — Anthony Flala
..83 13
1906 — Commander Pearv
..87 6
.. 90 (Pole)
Antarctic.
1774_Capt. Cook
..71 16
1823 — Oapt Weddell
..74 15
1842 — Capt. Ross
..77 49
1895 — Borchgrevink
..74 10
1 s9g — De Gerlache
..71 36
..78 50
1102 Capt Robert F Scott
..82 17
. . 88 23
19U — Roald Amundsen
.. 90 (Pole)
90 (Pole)
1871— Capt. Hall 82 16
DISASTERS TO SHIPPING.
On and near the coasts and on the rivers of the United States and American vessels at sea
and on the coasts of foreign countries.
YEAU.
Wrecks*
Lives
lost.
Loss on
vessels.
Loss on
cargoes.
YEAH.
Wrecks*
Lives
lost.
Loss on
vessels.
Loss on
cargoes.
1896
1897. ..
1,392
1.206
1,191
1,574
1.234
1.313
1.359
1,704
1,182
1.209
1.326
3<>9
299
743
742
252
452
531
376
1.454
267
499
$6.485.595
6.442.175
10.728.250
8.932.835
7.186.990
7.094.S45
8,823.920
7,011.775
.",(>28.55&
8.187.500
10.089,610
$2,018.140
1, 731,7(6
1,740,515
2,451,905
3.350.500
2,147,675
2,309,335
1,722.210
1.8S4.615
2,263,795
2,245,305
1907 ...
1.670
1,341
1,317
1,493
1.227
1,447
1.265
1.210
1,088
1,140
artial.
624
374
403
403
262
195
283
421
277
1,364
$13.709,915
9,555,825
9,491,635
11,058,840
9.565,995
8,213.375
8.338,935
11,437,330
10.199.560
12,671,040
$3.062.110
2.152,155
3.330,825
2,565.580
1,694.630
1,941,010
1,549,285
2,509,405
4.013.083
3,668.995
1908
1898
1909
1899
1910
1900
1911...
1901
1912 ...
1902. .
1913
1914
1903
1904
1915
1905
1916
1906
"Total or p
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
141
MINERAL. PRODUCTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
[Prepared by the United States geological survey.] Calendar years.
Minerals.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Aluminum
. . . .pounds
99,806,000
$17,985,500
$33,900,000
Asbestos
. short tons
1,731
76,952
1,479
448,214
Asphaltum
. short tons
740,254
5,242,073
786,811
7,102,132
Barytes (crude)
. short tons
108,547
381,032
221,952
1,011,232
Bauxite ,
. .long tons
297,041
1,514,834
425,100
2.296,400
Borax
. . . .pounds
67,003
1,677,099
103,525
2,409,451
Cement
. . . .barrels
87,685,222
75,155,102
95,394,433
104,689,090
Clay products
. short tons
163,120,232
207,260,091
Coal, anthracite
. . long tons
79,459,876
184,653,498
78,195,083
202,009,561
Coal, bituminous
.short tons
442,624,426
502,037,688
502,519,682
665,116,077
Coke
.short tons
41,581,150
105,503,868
54,533,585
170,841,197
Copper
. . . .pounds
1,388,009,527
242,902,000
1,927,850,548
474,288,000
Emery
.short tons
3,063
31,131
123,901
Feldspar
.short tons
113,763
629,356
132,681
702,278
Fluorspar
.short tons
136,941
764,475
155,735
922,654
Fuller's earth
.short tons
47,901
489,219
67,822
706,953
Garnet (abrasive) ....
.short tons
4,301
139,584
6,171
208.85O
Gold (coining value) .
. . .troy 07..
4,887,604
101,035,700
4,479,056
92,590,300
Graphite ( cry st alline )
. . . .pounds
7,074,370
417,273
10,931,989
914,748
Grindstones
648,479
766,140
Gypsum
.short tons
2,447,611
6,596,893
2,757,730
7,959,032
Infusorial earth
.short tons
611,021
241,553
Iron (pig)
.long tons
30,384,486
401,409,604
39,126.324
663,478,118
Lead
.short tons
507,026
47,660,000
552,228
76,207,000
Lime
. short tons
3,589,699
14,336.756
4,083,803
18,618.816
Manganese ore
. .long tons
9,709
113,309
26.997
627,417
Manganiferous ore. . . .
.long tons
185,238
266,380
548,803
2,005,491
Mica, sheet
. . . .pounds
553,821
378,259
865,863
524,485
Mica, scrap
.short tons
3,959
50,510
4,433
69,90«
Mineral paints
. short tons
198,825
15,514,059
135,006
23,515,803
Mineral waters g
aliens sold
52,113,503
5,138,794
55,928,461
5,735,035
Natural gas
101,312,381
120,227,468
Natural-gas gasoline...
gallons
65,364,665
5,150,823
103,492,689
14,331,148
Oilstones
115.175
154,573
Petroleum
. . . .barrels
281,104,104
179,462,890
300.767.158
330.899.868
Phosphate rock
. .long tons
1,835,667
5,413,449
1.982.385
5,896,993
Platinum
. .troy oz.
8,665
478,688
28,088
2,307,762
Precious stones
170,431
217,793
Pumice
.short tons
27,708
63.185
33,320
82,263
Pyrite
.long tons
394,124
1,674,933
423.556
1,965,703
Quartz (silica)
.short tons
112,575
273,553
88.514
242,786
Quicksilver
flasks
21,033
1,826,912
29,932
2,576,547
Salt
. . . .barrels
38,231,496
11,747,686
45,449,329
13,645,947
Silver (com. value) . .
, . .troy oz.
74,961,075
37,397,300
74,414,802
48,953,000
Slate
4,958,915
5,338,837
Stone
74,595,352
79,041.699
Talc, soapstone
.short tons
98,677
1,026,739
119,725
1,292,293
Tin
, . . .pounds
204,000
78,846
280,000
121.744
Zinc
.short tons
458,135
113,617,000
563,451
151,005,000
Total*
2,393,831,951
3,315,339,409
•Includes minerals not specified in list.
COAL PRODUCTION
In tons of 2,240 p
Anthracite.
State. Tons.
Pennsyl.. 78,195,083
Bituminous.
Arkansas 1,781.174
Alabama 16,148,390
Calif. . 18.135
Colo. . . 9,360,926
Georgia 154.959
Illinois 59,102,979
Indiana 17.940,650
Iowa 6,482,857
Kansas . 6.144,156
Kentuckv 22.673,212
Maryland 3,982.184
Michigan 1,053.893
Missouri 4.234.059
Montana 3,243,328
COAL PRODUCTION B
Tons of 2,2
Year. Ant
1880 25
BY STATES (1916).
ounds. Calendar year.
N. Mexico 3,386,617
State. Tons.
N. Dakota 566,886
Ohio 31,007,338
Okla. . . . 3,221.438
Oregon . . 38,029
Penn 152.049.486
S.Dakota. 7,934
Tenn. . . . 5,479,865
Texas . . . 1,774.556
Utah 3,185,204
Virginia . 8,667,388
Wash. . . . 2.713,025
W. Va.... 77.196.542
Wyoming. 7,063,078
Year. Ar
1900 51,
1905 .69
ithracite. Bituminous.
309.214 189,480,097
405,958 281,239,252
514,296 372.339.703
459,876 442,624,426
195,083 448,678,288
ON IN THE UNITED
EES.
Is. Calendar year 1917.
State. Tons.
Ohio 8,518,603
Penn 15,539,728
Tennessee . 369,951
Virginia . . 520,311
Wisconsin . 738,514
1910 75,
1915 79,
1816 78
PIG IRON PRODUCT!
STA'
In tons of 2,240 pounc
State. Tons.
Alabama . . 2,953,705
Colorado . . 453,742
Conn. -. 10,527
Illinois . . . 3,483,096
Kentucky. . 561,951
Maryland. . 422,212
Michigan.. 2,657.503
N. Jersey.. 2,417,527
NOTE — In the forego
eludes Missouri, Wash
Oregon ; Connecticut ii
Kentucky includes Mis
ginia; Georgia include
eludes Indiana; New Jer
and Wisconsin includes
Total bitu-
minous . 448.678,288
Grand tot .526,873,371
F CALENDAR YEARS.
40 pounds.
hracite. Bituminous.
580,189 38,242,641
489,858 99,377.073
Total . . .38.647,397
Tot. 1916.39,434,797
ing table Colorado in-
mgton, California and
icludes Massachusetts:
sissippi and West Vir-
? Texas: Michigan in-
sey includes New York,
Minnesota.
1890. . . 41,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
MINKS AND QUARRIES 1
[From reports of census
In 1909 in the United States, exclusive of
Alaska. Hawaii. Porto Rico and other outlying
noncontiguous territory, 23,682 operators conduct-
ed 27,240 mines and quarries and 166,448 petro-
leum and natural gas wells. Of the operators
3,749 were engaged solely in development work,
upon which, in 1909, the sum of $31,548,736 was
expended. In Alaska in 1909 there were 673 op-
erators, who employed 8,025 persons, in the mining
industry. The total expenses of these operators
amounted to $13,220,200, while the capital invested
was reported as $47,749,164. The total value of
products was $16,933,427, of which amount $16.-
327,752 consisted of gold and silver. In Hawaii
and Porto Rico the total value of product for
the eighteen operators reported was only $26,414.
The total number of persons engaged in connec-
tion with producing mines, quarrjes and wells,
as reported on Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest repre-
sentative day. was 1,139,332, of whom wage earn-
ers numbered 1,065,283, proprietors and firm mem-
bers 29,922 and salaried employes 44,127. In
mines, quarries and wells for which development
work only was carried on there was a total of
27.616 persons, of whom 21,499 were wage earners.
Of the total number of persons. 1,166,948, em-
ployed in productive and nonproductive mines,
1,158,775 were men 16 years of age and over, and
8,173 were boys under 16 years of age. Distrib-
uted by sex, 1,162,840 were male and 4,108 female,
the latter being employed in supervisory and
clerical capacities.
The total capital invested in all mining enter-
prises on Dec. 31, 1909, as reported, was $3,662,-
527,064. of which $3,380.525,841 was invested in
productive enterprises and $282,001,223 in those
in which development work only was carried on.
SUMMARY BY INDUSTRIES.
Industry. Mines, Value. Persons
Fuels — etc. Expenses', products, engaged.
Coal, anth... 423 $139,324,467 $149,180,471 178,004
Coal, bitum.. 6,013 395,907,026 427,962,464 592,677
Petrol'm and
nat. gas. 166,320 135,638,644 185,416,684 62,172
Peat 10 96034 109,047 203
N THE UNITED STATES.
bureau, 1912 and 1913.]
Mines, Value Persons
Industry. etc. Expenses, products, engaged
Mica 78 182828 206794 608
Mineral p i g-
ments 26 115,860 151,015 246
Monazite and
zicron 4 50.909 64,472 34
Oil, scvtheand
whet stones 45 99,259 206,028 232
P h o sphate
rock 153 7421430 10781192 8573
Prec'us stones 27 195,908 '315|464 'l45
Pumice 4 6,087 30,097 25
Pyrite 12 734,355 676,984 1,160
Quartz 14 155 418 231 025 208
Sulphur 4 4,538,389 4,432,066 46o
Talc and soap-
stone .... 46 1,036371 1,174516 1452
Tripoli 7 42,493 66]557 73
Tungsten ... 116 365,780 563,457 227
All other in-
dustries* .. 27 740.874= 778.938 .560
Total 1 042 642 693 1 238 410 322 1 139 332
•Includes enterprises as follows: Antimony, 1;
bismuth, .1; borax. 2; chromite, 2; manganiferous
iron, 2; nickel and cobalt, 1; tin, 1.
SUMMARY BY STATES, value
State. Mines. Wells. Expenses. product.
Maine 102 $1,876,341 $2,056,063
N Hampshire 53 1,204966 1,308597
Vermont 182 6,795,268 8,221,323
Massachusetts 147 2,987,175 3467888
Rhode Island. 27 673,877 897,606
Connecticut .. 75 1,158,491 1,375,765
New York.... 752 11,342 9,987.768 13,334.975
New Jersey... 151 4,607,940 8,347,501
Pennsylvania. 3,000 59,780 300,977,955 349,059,786
Ohio 964 35067 53852530 63767112
Indiana 480 10 373 20 312 752 21 934 201
Illinois 759 10,918 68718,121 76,658,974
Michigan .... 173 21 51,819,838 67,714,479
Wisconsin ... 286 5,508,751 7,459,404
Minnesota ... 250 38,574,180 58,664.852
Iowa 431 13,694,714 13,877,781
Missouri 1,224 39 27,515,101 31,667,525
North Dakota 53 6 570,140 564,812
South Dakota 43 3 5,154,263 6,432,417
Nebraska .... 20 260,049 322.517
Kansas 582 3,402 15.831,787 18722634
Metals-
Iron 483 74,071,830 106947,082 55,176
Copper 368 107,679,212 134,616.987 55,258
Precious metals —
Deep mine.. 2,845 68,764,692 83,885,928 37,755
Placer mines 880 6,810,482 10,237,252 5,436
Lead and zinc 1,142 24,453,299 31,363.094 24,397
Quicksilver . 12 718,861 868,458 640
Manganese .. 8 21,725 20,435 65
Building stone —
Limestone ..1.916 23,875.507 29,832,492 41,029
Granite 826 16,192,138 18,997,976 22,211
Sandstone .. 677 6,626,438 7,702,423 11,025
Marble 108 4,842,835 6,239,120 6,649
Delaware .... 9 $508,937 $516,213
Maryland 173 5,006,157 5,782,045
Virginia 244 8,863,954 8.795,646
West Virginia 718 15,146 71,347,631 76,287,889
North Carolina 130 1,416075 1358,617
South Carolina 32 1034853 1252792
Georgia 109 2,064,236 2,874.595
Florida 96 5 909 532 8 846 665
Kentucky .... 442 1,109 11,721,722 12,100,075
Tennessee ..365 1 11,969,257 12.692,54?
Slate 219 5,831,256 6,054,174 10, Ul
Traprock ... 220 5,090,538 5,578,317 6,748
Bluestone ... 637 1,182,873 1,588,406 3,020
Miscellaneous —
Asbestos .... 20 72,747 65,140 88
Asoh'lt'm and •
bitum. rock 19 301,673 466,461 241
Barvtes 42 176,967 224,766 372
Bauxite 10 $316.221 $670.829 726
I'.uhr and mill
stones 14 18,354 34.441 79
Clay 336 2,289,198 2,945,948 • 4,351
Arkansas ., 146 62 4,309,211 4,603,845
Louisiana .. 2 246 6,641,555 6,547,050
Oklahoma .. 212 12,113 21,071,609 25,637.892
Texas 92 2,279 8177,783 10742150
Montana 543 46,520,545 54,991,961
Idaho 370 7,198,763 8,649.342
Wyoming .... 96 21 9,053,467 10,572,188
Colorado 1,575 76 38,630,288 45,680.135
New Mexico.. 285 5,553.423 5,587,744
Arizona 251 28,608,216 34,217.651
Utah 235 16,606,028 22,083,282
Nevada 374 14,415,728 23.271,597
Washington . 170 7,800,722 10,537.556
Corundum and
emery ..... 6 7,459 18,185 ,19
Feldspar .... 28 238,896 271,437 363
Fluorspar ... 15 319,426 288,509 376
Fuller's earth 21 274,776 315,762 380
Garnet 4 98 206 101,920 120
Oregon 161 1,223,468 1,191,512
California ... 1,279 4,316 52,565,278 63.382,454
Geographic divisions —
New England 586 14,696,118 17,327,242
Graphite ... 20 328,690 344.130 436
Grindstones.. 25 339,261 413,296 430
Gypsum 222 4,905,662 5,812,810 4,215
Infusorial
earth 16 61,083 75,503 99
Magnesite .. 13 62,444 68.463 84
Marl . 3 17.812 13,307 3g
Mid. Atlantic 3,903 71,122 315,473,663 370,742,262
EastN.Central2,662 56,379 200,211,992 237,534,170
WestN.Central2,603 3,450 101,600,234 130.252.538
South Atlantiel,682 15,146 96,151.345 105,714.462
Easts. Central 1,109 1,110 46,133.257 49.143,289
WestS.Central 452 14.700 40.200,158 47.530,937
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
143
Geographic Value
divisions. Mines. Wells. Expenses, product.
Mountain 3,728 97 166,586,458 205,053,900
Pacific 1,610 4,316 61,589,468 75,111,522
THE PUBL1
Acreage of unreserv
lands remaining: in the
United States in 1917
000,000 acres are unsur
State. Acres.
Alabama 33,120
Arizona .. 22,309.100
Arkansas 316.600
California 19.505,217
Colorado 10,416,317
Florida .. 119.464
Idaho .... 14,316,108
Kansas . . 9.363
Louisiana 38,839
Michigan 80.319
Minnesota 587,576
Mississipp 32,038
Missouri . 274
Montana . 11,818,414
1C DOMAIN.
3d and unappropriated
public domain of the
Approximately 86.-
veyed.
State. Acres.
Nebraska. . 130,016
Nevada . . 55,246,831
NewMex.. 21.063,165
N. Dakota. 141,514
Oklahoma. 42,133
Oregon . . . 13,850.755
S.Dakota. 1.010.773
Utah 31,540,671
Total U. S.. 18,164 166,320 1,042,642,693 1,283,410,322
The states leading in the number of persons
engaged in mining, quarrying, etc., were: Penn-
sylvania, 405,685; Illinois, 86,389; West Virginia,
82,808; Ohio. 62,874; Michigan, 42,133; Alabama,
32,643; Missouri, 32,462; Indiana, 31,292.
ACCIDENTS IN MIN
SMEL
[From reports of bur
depart
FATALITIES I>
Propor-
Year.* No. tion.t
1903. .1,926 3.46
1904. .1,995 3.48
1905. .2,232 3.63
1906. .2,138 3.39
1907. .3.242 4.81
1908. .2,445 3.60
1909. .2,642 3,96
FATALITIES ]
1913...- 183 1.72
1914... 180 2.05
FATALITIES IN
Year.* No.
1911 695
ES, QUARRIES AND
IERS.
eau of mines, interior
ment.]
COAL MINES.
Proper-
Year.* No. tion.t
1910... 2,821 3.89
1911... 2,656 3.65
1912... 2,419 3.35
1913... 2,785 3.73
1914... 2.454 3.22
1915... 2,269 3.09
1916... 2,226 3.09
N QUARRIES.
1915. . . 148 1.47
1916... 173 1.91
METAL MINES.
Year.* No.
1914. . . 559
Washington 1,283,319
Wisconsin . 6,329
Wyoming. 26,759,500
Total ...230,657,755
COLUMBIA EXCURSION STEAMER
DISASTER.
Eighty-seven lives were lost when the ex-
cursion steamer Columbia sank in the Illinois
river at Wesley City, midway between Peoria
and Pekin, 111., at about midnight July 5-6,
1918. The boat had been engaged by the
South Side Social club of Pekin for a trip to
Al Fresco park on the outskirts of Peoria.
About 450 members of the club and 100 ex-
cursionists picked up at Kingston Mines made
the trip. On the way back from the park
the boat encountered some fog: and ran into
the river bank near Wesley City. No severe
jar was felt but a hole was stove in the hull
and when the steamer backed out into the
stream it filled and sank in five minutes.
Many of those on board jumped into the
water, but others were caught between decks
and carried down to death. It was at first
thought that between 150 and 200 lives had
been lost, but after a careful checking up it
was officially announced that the number of
victims was eighty-seven.
1912 . 661
1915. . 553
1913 683
1916 697
ACCIDENTS AT SI
1913.
Killed 47
4ELTING PLANTS.
1914. 1915. 1916.
33 38 36
5,673 5,718 9,656
amber killed per 1,000
Injured 2,427
•Calendar years. tN
men employed.
FRIENDS FOR A CENTURY.
ARGENTINA AND THE UNITED STATES.
On Feb. 28, 1918. the United States and the
Argentine republic exchanged greetings upon
the completion of a century of unbroken
friendship between the two nations. On the
date named F. J. Stimson. American ambas-
sador at Buenos Aires, sent the following'
note to the Argentine minister for foreign af-
fairs:
"On the 28th of February, 1818. there ar-
rived in the already free city of Buenos Aires
the first mission from the United States of
America, headed by Caesar Rodney, our first
representative in the United Provinces of the
River Plate, and consisting of Messrs. Graham
and Bland, which mission was received with
great honor by his excellency the Supreme
Director Don Juan Martin de Pueyrredon, your
excellency's illustrious ancestor. As a pleas-
ing remembrance of so auspicious an event,
the secretary of state of my country, Mr.
Lansing, instructs me to present to your ex-
cellency his personal greetings and to express
to his excellency the president, in the name
of the United States, his congratulations on
the completion of an entire century of friendly
ties between both countries, without the small-
est shadow having darkened their sympathetic
relations, which my government desires to
maintain at all times."
To this the minister of foreign affairs sent
the following . reply :
"Mr. Ambassador: The happy inspiration of
your illustrious secretary of State, Mr, Lansing,
which was duly conveyed to me by your ex-
cellency, and which has reminded us of the
beginning of diplomatic relations between the
two countries, awakens in our hearts the re-
membrance that when our life as an inde-
pendent nation was but starting, the supreme
congress appointed an envoy to the United
States of America, and the then supreme di-
rector (mentioned in your telegram) by letter
told the president of your great country:
" 'When interests of one political entity are
in accord with principles of justice, nothing
is more easy or satisfactory than the main-
tenance of harmony and good faith with
another closely allied power.'
"Under these happy conditions we have
lived for a century, and, indeed, our two
nations are to-day enjoying a frank and open
community of interest. We may well predict
that the happy relations will continue for all
time.
"The president, in behalf of the people of
Argentina, returns the congratulations which
he has received from the United States of
America, and I. for my part, desire to thank
the secretary of state, Mr. Lansing, and you.
Mr. Ambassador, for the personal reference
with which you have honored me.
"Accept, excellency, the assurances of my
distinguished consideration.
"H. PUEYRREDON."
INCOME TAX COLLECTED IN BRITAIN.
Year. Total tax.
1905-1906 8156,473,700
1906-1907 159.459.700
1907-1908 159,391,900
1908-1909 168.542.700
Year. Total tax.
1909-1910 863,760,450
1910-1911 *316,982,150
1911-1912 221.670.200
1912-1913 223,561,900
Year.
1913-1914
1914-1915
1915-1916
1916-1917
Total tax.
8236,205,000
346,990,000
641,600.000
1,025,165.000
144
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
NATIONAL DEBTS, REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
[From report of bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C.]
Total debt Rates of
in United States interest.
Country.
Year.
currency. Perct. Revenue. Expenditure.
Argentina
....1916
$782,158.000 4 -6 $166.956,000 $145,578.000
Australasia :
Commonwealth of Australia.. 1917
725,177,000 3 -5 135,117,000 395,580,000
....1916
1.741,301,000 3 -5 242.824.000 243.685,000
New Zealand
....1917
631.847.000 3 -4 89.326,000 68,417,000
Austria-Hungary
....1915
1.043,675,000 3 -5 160,487,000 160,487,000
Austria
....1918
12,541.097,000 3 -5% 986,735,000 4,838,058,000
Hungary
....1915
5.697,164.000 3 -6 459,624.000 459,612.000
Belgium
1914
825,518,000 2%-3 155.812,000 155,704,000
Kongo, Belgian ,
,...1916
54,741,000 3 -4 6,185.000 10,568,000
Bolivia
1916
20.716.000 3 -8 5,674,000 8,788,000
1917
1.145.380,000 4 -6 159.491.000 160.827,000
Bulgaria
....1917
327.667.000 4%-6 84.530.000 84.530.000
Canada
1916
1.996.393,000 2Ms-5% 172,148.000 130.351.000
Central American States:
...1917
19.196.000 4 -5 3.481,000 4.217.000
Guatemala
....1915
15.606.000 4 -8 2.125.00O 1.696,000
....1917
127.777.000 5 -10 2.464.000 2.464,000
Nicaragua
....1916
13.787.000 6 2.205.000 2,204,000
...1917
7.172.000 3,594.000 3,594,000
Salvador
....1916
10.730.000 2 -6 4.975.000 4,854.000
Chile
1916
225.664.000 4%-5 66.964.000 59,090.000
China
191 6-17
1.066,649,000 4 -6 283.628.000 310,182,000
Colombia
....1916
23.015,000 3 -6 14,463.000 16.658.000
Cuba
....1918
65,923.000 4%-5 62.760.000 70.951,000
Denmark
....1916
123,536.000 3 -4 38,104.000 49.646.000
... 1916
16,605.000 5 4,468.000 4,407,000
....1917
23.615.000 4 -10 7,846.000 7.846.000
Egypt
....1917
456.980.000 3 -4 82.202,000 82.202.000
1917
22 2°7 049 000 2% 5 961 °71 000 8 129 5°1 000
....1916
' 34.'787,'000 3% 25.168.000 ' 25,165,'000
Tunis
,...1915
68,936.000 3 -3% 11,458.000 11.152,000
, . ..1917
47.461.000 2%-3% 44.189.000 44.189.000
Colonies (n.e.s.)
...1911
59,533.000 3 -4 26,413,000 25.313.000
German empire ,
....1916
20.225.649.000 3 -5 810,052.000 3.180,971,000
...1914
3,854.795.000 3 -4 1.551,493,000 1,532,714.000
1914
32.410.000 14.297.000 35.375,000
Greece
....1915
258.219,000 2%~5 44.671.000 134.863,000
Haiti
....1915
30.373.000 2%-5 5,724,000 6,164*000
India. British
1917
1.552,893.000 3 -3% 421.091.000 417,073.000
Italy
1917
6.675.902.000 3 -6 1.031.585.000 3,395,835,000
Japan
....1918
1.228,916.000 4 -6 346.166.000 355.838.000
Formosa
....1918
23.642.000 23.642.000
Chosen
....1918
37.899.000 6 -6% 31.169.000 31,169.000
Liberia
....1916
1.658.000 5 295.000 282.000
Luxemburg
...1917
8.831,000 3% 3.414.000 5.812,000
Mexico
....1915
244.919.000 3 -6 72.687.000 75.798,000
Montenegro
....1914
1.218.000 6 1.900.000 2,455,000
Netherlands
...1917
762,527.000 2%-5 100,607.000 123.206.000
East Indies
....1917
91.871.000 3 -6 139.137.000 164.092.000
West Indies
...1917
1.626.000 2.517.000
Norway
....1917
113.357.000 3 -6 62.605,000 69.561,000
Paraguay
....1916
12.992.000 3 -7 3,366.000 2.881.000
Peru
....1917
34.015.000 1 -6 16.606.000 16.606.000
Portugal
....1917
1.006.622.000 3 -6 92.988,000 176.167,000
....1917
19.340.000 19,705,000
Koumania
....1917
355.194.000 4 -5 124,624.000 124,624,000
Russia
....1915
22.774.330.000 3 -6 1,482,376.000 6,034,255,000
Finland
....1915
32.688.000 3 -4% 37,891,000 38.387.000
Serbia ,
....1914
126.232.000 2 -5 41.364.000 41.364,000
Siam
....1917
33,239,000 4% 27,006.000 27.006.000
....1918
1.964.206.000 4 -6 247.241.000 291,671,000
....1917
217.779.000 3 -4 91.838.000 119.795,000
Switzerland
....1917
154.226.000 3%-5 32.785.000 41.696,000
Turkey
....1916
843.286.000 3%-5 115.000.000 311.940,000
Union ol South Africa
....1918
756.444.000 3 -5 88.668.000 90.075,000
....1918
28,612.640.000 2%-5 3.441,754.000 13.121,160,000
British colonies (n.e.s.) . .
....1916
225.265.000 3 -4 131.021.000 141.104,000
United States
....1917
8.567,132.000 2 -4 1.118,174.000 1.147.899,000
Philippine islands
....1916
20.301.000 4 14,811.000 12,493.000
Uruguay
...1917
152.577,000 3%-5 30.453.000 30.525.000
Venezuela
....1917
31,156.000 3 8.527,000 8.527,000
Total
........
120.485.311.000 15.330,142.000 43,251.157,000
PER CAPITA. Expendi- In-
Country.
Imports. Exports. Revenue. ture. Debt. terest.
Argentina
826.01 $65.00 $20.70 $18.05 $96.97 $5.12
Commonwealth of Australia
76.61 61.54 27.72 81.14 148.76 6.10
New Zealand
. 110.70 141.61 81.13 62.14 573.88 17.83
Austria-Hungary
. 13.21 10.74 3.07 3.07 19.93 .92
Austria
31.87 156.28 405.10 16.06
Hungary
21.47 21.47 266.10 11.35
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
145
Imports.
$12.73
.70
3.04
7.38
8.09
104.68
10.39
2.39
10.45
6.79
22.99
4.47
15.36
1.27
3.42
82.18
72.97
16.09
3.50
11.93
3.89
73.70
12.94
13.36
Exports.
$93.65
.77
12.83
10.06
7.29
142.59
23.14
5.46
5.59
7.51
14.27
7.86
32.83
11.88
5.50
12.20
71.58
29.69
6.46
14.74
3.35
24.87
16.40
11.82
3.24
2.53
Expendi-
Bevenue. ture. Debt.
$20.35 $20.33 $107.80
.41 .70 3.65
.96 3.04 7.17
6.01 6.06 43.15
17.78 17.78 68.94
21.32 16.14 247.23
8.08 9.78 44.54
1.00 .80 7.36
4.38 4.38 227.36
3.13 3.13 19.58
8.99 8.99 17.93
3.92 3.83 8.46
?8.39 16.23 61.98
.84 .92 3.17
2.85 3.28 4.54
23.88 27.00 25.08
13.04 17.00 42.29
6.16 6.08 22.90
3.92 3.92 11.81
6.54 6.54 36.37
In-
terest.
$5.48
.67
1.51
3.12
4.91
3.03
.14
.09
1.27
Bolivia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Central American states: Costa Bica
Guatemala
Panama
Salvador
1.19
4.29
.28
.59
2.30
1.79
2.15
.78
1.81
Chile
China
Cuba
Denmark
Dominican Bepublic...
Ecuador
Egypt
Sudan
24.21 204.77 559.88
4.52 4.52 6.25
5.91 5.75 35.55
2.60 2.60 2.79
1.05 1.00 2.36
11.95 46.91 298.27
23.64
.72
1.54
.13
.09
20.73
French Indo-China. . .
26.67
2.87
French colonies (n.e.s
German empire
)
German customs unio
German states
n
37.66
35.51
22.88 22.60 56.85
1.09 2.71 2.48
9.02 27.25 52.17
2.291 2.47 12.15
1.34 1.32 4.93
28.23 92.92 182.67
2.50
.19
2.48
1.61
.16
7.74
German colonies
2.60
6.96
4.37
1.35
28.83
10.13
5.11
6.74
14.77
1.74
.94
6.00
3.21
8.93
128.90 •
3.12
30.67
92.71
4.49
4.34
7.29
12.57
2.80
15.17
3.28
22.45
4.43
3.94
11.78
34.10
11.83
9.07
29.18
89.85
12.09
25.32
5.83
43 50
2.20
4.76
6.91
1.98
12.11
6.00
.69
9.95
8.53
1.46
.74
8.38
.94
1.46
106.82
6.36
30.26
70.60
4.69
3.52
13.88
4.92
2.57
17.24
1.16
16.66
3.52
5.45
12.28
36.23
121.76
4.94
16.12
53.46
12.51
59.33
8.04
6.58
56.31
8.06
Greece
Haiti
India, British
Italy
Eritrea
Libia
6.19 6.36 21.96
6.37 6.37
1.24
Formosa
Chosen
1.84 1.84 2.24
1.97 .19 1.12
4.69 4.89 15.80
3.68 4.76 2.36
.15
.55
1.00
.13
Liberia
Mexico
Montenegro
Netherlands
15.28 18.72 115.83
2.90 3.42 1.92
10 42 16 13 ...
2.69
.06
Dutch East Indies. . . .
Dutch possessions in
Norway
America
24.95 27.72 45.18
3.37 2.88 12.99
2.37
1.16
2.86 2.86 5.86
15.61 29.57 168.95
2.09 2.13
.09
5.55
Colonies
16.60 16.60 47.31
8.29 33.73 127.30
11.59 11.74 10.00
8.95 8.95 27.31
3.27 3.27 4.02
12.06 14.22 95.81
16.08 20.97 38.12
8.45 10.77 39.75
5.41 14.66 39.64
13.72 13.90 117.01
74.68 284.69 620.81
2.82 3.03 4.84
10.65 10.93 81.58
1.66 1.40 2.28
2.34
2.07
.47
1.92
.17
4.33
2.13
2.02
3.20
4.88
20.05
.25
2.30
.10
Bussia
Finland
Serbia
Spain
Switzerland
Union of South Africa
United kingdom
British colonies (n.e.s
United States
.)
Philippine islands. . . .
Uruguay
26.95
7.33
22.62 22.68 113.36
3.03 3.03 11.06
1917.
Short tons. State. £
73,432 California ..
65 971 Texas
6.53
.60
Jhort tons.
51,697
51.876
168.895
Venezuela '
State. Short tons.
Pennsylvania 921,995
Ohio 511,687
LIME PRODUCE
State. Short tons.
Maryland . . 132.644
Massachusetts 128,114
Indiana 124.788
Maine 115.297
New York. . 105.728
Tennessee . . 100.370
WON IN
State.
Michigan
Alabama
Connectic
Illinois .
Vermont
Virginia .... 329.368
West Virginia 242,643
Missouri 186.024
Wisconsin .. 171.944
1895... ...171
!Ut 65.327 Other states
63,476
53.143 Total
3.663.818
48
MTNCHINGS IN TH
1901 13fi
E UNITED STATES.
1907 «3 1Q13
1896 131
189T 106
1898 127
1902
1903
1904...
96
104
87
1908
100 1914
.. 59
1909
. 87 1915
.. 69
1910
74 1916
55
1899 107
1905
1906...
66
.. 60
1911
1912....
71 1917
38
1900 115
.. 64 1918 (6 mos
.).... 35
146
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
NATIONAL
[From repi
Country.
RAI
>rt c<
Tear
1918
1916
1917
,1914
1914
1914
1916
1915
1915
1916
1915
1915
1915
1916
1913
1916
1915
1916
1916
1915
1916
1916
1913
1916
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1913
1913
1916
1916
1916
1916
1917
1914
1914
1909
1917
1917
1913
1915
1915
1913
1915
1913
1913
1914
1916
1916
1913
1914
1816
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1914
1916
1915
1913
1915
1916
LWAY.
implied
Rail-
ways.
.Miles.*
21.880
22.906
2.960
15.739
13.589
5.451
1.020
970
16.194
1.824
35.582
438
613
321
200
301
267
5.105
6.467
708
2.359
2.471
652
4.416
31.958
2.793
1.173
1.282
1.948
39.600
2.866
1.396
140
35.833
11.708
7.501
318
1.066
326
15.840
11
2.113
1.730
117
1.972
255
34
1.724
1.854
1.069
2.382
48.955
2.527
400
977
1.210
9.225
9.249
3.571
3.842
8.924
23.709
8.128
266.031
733
340
1.601
533
TELEG]
by bum
Tele-
graphs.
Miles, t
164.461
133.491
50.320
168,059
99.862
28,014
1.782
5.562
73.124
11.653
188.422
1.521
4.045
4.281
3.637
3.618
2.412
32.942
56.280
11.721
6.184
8.455
4.370
20.433
152.192
25,243
6.321
18.589
25.622
475.551
8.719
10.253
124
337.720
215.011
116.051
2.618
14.144
1.514
58.727
528
26.668
21.503
BAPH
m of si
Post-
offices.
No.
3.431
8.565
2.379
10.826
6.610
1.708
51
389
3.636
504
13.057
208
382
279
135
96
117
927
12.508
843
668
1.734
194
2.104
15.769
688
466
326
576
51.573
220
1.342
88
20.030
11,426
7.971
159
526
139
2.911
40
1.607
496
17
3.691
385
205
684
6.155
439
3.107
19.104
2 415
AND POSTAL STA'
.atistics, Washington,
Postal Service
routes, performed.
Miles. Miles.
51,284 26.649.956
147,427 42,885.944
HSTICS.
D. C.]
Val. money
, orders
Domestic.
$24.865.659
71.365.427
13.723.251
362,425,277
263.780 905
98,924,457
1.269,627
602,914
13.043.364
7.700.072
75.781.582
188.397
and postal
sent v
Foreign.
$243.282
4.312,989
2.607.624
73,068,222
57,834,624
12.333.540
50,675
Australasia :
Commonwealth of Aus-
tralia
Austria-Hungary :
Austria (including Bos-
nia and Herzegovina).,
111.221
50,921
5.828
28.405
13,867
99.845
20,049
33.363
63.005,378
57,768,029
74,307,186
1.663,486
708.732
'"7.904.909
61,818,400
Bolivia
Brazil
1.193.782
2.342.889
18.688.389
3,722
Canada ,
Central American States:
345
68.566
1.085
Salvador
1.848
32.712
153.037
36.601
8,861,979
79.398,571
3.630
143,806
Chile
4.253.405
6,538,971
578.838
China ,
Cuba
5,324
6,539
2,545,828
10.606,187
82.014,493
3,092,715
Egypt
7,297
81,792
9,083
5,743
22,543
43,611
91,276
6,455,581
166,598,520
7,844,623
3,265,685
7,930,566
5,003,148
26,173.567
753,037.672
104.136.982
5,358,085
7.314,966
10.520.762
2,044.009,394
26.299,086
1,829,330
20,645.171
628,610
7,136.112
1.776,606
2,979.146
57.694.974
Tunis
French Indo-China
French colonies (n.e.s.).
German Empire
German colonies
Greece
3,236.816
463.198
Haiti ,
107.079
434.023,374
88,584,586
5,260,964
India. British
157,657
49,294
61,492
8.668
19,304
662
51.679
174.940,133
1,129.588,165
108,178.466
5.956.674
21,931.958
5,249,237
24.218.667
3.714,375
21.180,116
436,573
5.751
34,739
6.908.457
4.558.442
Italy
Japan
Formosa
8,781,895
621,717
23.121.371
Netherlands
9.992
67.320
12,993,791
10,252,403
56,021,426
16,686,618
185,002
25.129.734
2,761,241
1,596.342
545.892
2,432,524
Dutch East Indies
Dutch poss. in America.
Norway
14.845
2.485
10.754
78.510
13.415
11.941
16,039
537.208
69,645
16.707.640
Persia
10,634
17,984
24,539
61,933
68,093
229.378
3,390,285
2,045,692
15,394.571
3,197.169
21,067.139
101,805,947
1,270
34,086
621,064
756.843
3,532,869
7.417,091
4.125.661
Peru
16.835
14.651,201
928.925
15,661.803
1.615.664,531
15.195.021
Portugal
Portuguese colonies
Roumania
Russia
Finland
Dominican Republic
1.071
6.421
6,204
65.441
40.912
23.108
44.206
54.256
264.480
45.952
1.627.342
6.218
1.545
5.344
5.443
105
1.556
285
6.952
4,316
4.377
1.358
2.478
24.509
2.761
55.330
589
88
995
296
Serbia
2,121
4,954
59,179
43,843
8,587
24,145
8.621
869,707
474,088
'"29,'679.'i74
18,952,082
7,236,293
16.406.960
7.080.257
531,817
26.632.347
121,927.869
120,429.032
34.144.740
22,413,381
421,553.365
647.989
49.299
"3.'550.'733
14.461,974
211.243
3,026.379
14,548,655
Siam
Switzerland
Turkey
Union of South Africa
United Kingdom
British colonies (n.e.s.).
United States
444,279
616.460,122
822,679.623
32,284.183
Porto Rico
Uruguay
24,448
3,056,360
6.935,871
241.306
Venezuela
Total
721.397
wire.
5.784,887
329.891
2,551,811
2,075,818,284
8.827,677.752
398,748.033
•Miles of line. tMiles of
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR.
President — Samuel Gompers.
Secretary — Frank Morrison.
Treasurer — Daniel J. Tobin.
Headquarters — 801-809 G street, N. W., Wash,
ingrton. D. C.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
147
RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES.
OPERATING STATISTICS OF PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS.
Calendar year 1917.
Mileage Operating Operating1 Operating
Railroad. operated, revenues. expenses. Taxes. income.
Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe 8,643 $140,978.936 $88,504, 050 $10.661,865 $41,792,643
Atlantic Coast Line 4.780 44,063,331 29,773,995 2,264,000 12,013,743
Baltimore & Ohio 4,742 133,613,321103.024,213 4,455,820 26.112,068
Bang-or & Aroostook 632
Boston & Maine 2.305
Central of New Jersey 684
Chesapeake & Ohio Lines 2,412
Chicago & Alton 1.052
Chicago & Eastern Illinois 1,131
Chicago & Northwestern 8.108
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 9,373
Chicago Great Western 1.496
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 10.256
Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf 475
Chicago. Rock Island & Pacific 7.744
Chicago. St. Paul, Minneapolis. Omaha. 1.749
Cleveland. Cincinnati. Chicago & St. L. 2,386
Delaware & Hudson Co 878
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western 955
Denver & Rio Grande 2,850
Duluth. Missabe & Northern 711
Duluth. South Shore & Atlantic 600
Elgin, Joliet & Eastern 802
El Paso & Southwestern 1.028
Erie 1.987
Florida East Coast 765
Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio. 1,360
Grand Rapids & Indiana 569
Grand Trunk Western 347
Great Northern 8.230
Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe 1.937
Hocking Valley 349
Houston & Texas Central 932
Illinois Central 4,766
International & Great Northern 2.803
Kansas City Southern 755
Lake Erie & Western 900
Lehigh Valley 1.443
Long Island 398
Los Angeles & Salt Lake 1,154
Maine Central 1,216
Michigan Central 1.861
Minneapolis & St. Louis 1,646
Minneapolis, St. P. & Sault Ste. Marie. 4.227
Missouri, Kansas & Texas system, 3.866
Mobile & Ohio 1.160
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis.. 1,236
New York Central 6.082
New York, Chicago & St. Louis 571
New York, New Haven & Hartford.. 1,995
New York. Ontario & Western 568
Norfolk & Western 2.085
Northern Pacific 6,521
Northwestern Pacific 507
Pennsylvania company 1.754
Pennsylvania railroad 4.543
Pere Marquette 2.248
Philadelphia & Reading 1.127
Philadelphia, Baltimore & Wash 746
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie 224
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chi. & St. L.. 2.398
St. Louis-San Francisco 4.752
San Antonio & Aransas Pass 732
Seaboard 3.461
Southern 6.982
Southern Pacific 7.091
Texas & Pacific ' 1.946
Toledo. St. Louis & Western 455
Union Pacific 3.622
Wabash 2.519
Western Maryland 739
Western Pacific 960
Wheeling & Lake Erie 512
RAILROAD REVENUES AND EXPENSES.
[From report of interstate commerce commission for calendar years 1916 and 1917.]
1917. 1916.
Average number miles operated 231,155.16 230.606.29
Revenues— Freight 82, 829.246.769 $2,574.740.215
Passenger 825,496,365 707,757.469
Mail 58.681.549 61.227.765
Express 106.895.283 90.311.885
All other transportation 112,865,900 105,671.883
4,384,563
2,990,368
•x » T: ** *J i o /w v
189,887
MU.J.J.M.UUO
1.204.338
59,450,779
47,164,941
2.156,649
10,125.398
37,096,739
26.412.853
2.386,876
8,291,241
64.643,794
38.105,806
3,439,331
14,095,160
20,525,689
15,133.977
747,709
4,640.486
21,012,173
16.398,363
885,200
3,723.943
108,264,983
78,758,989
5,677,486
23,815,406
109,191,204
65,235,704
4,820,197
39,098.987
16.368.323
13,492,412
719,466
3.146.193
113.739,202
85,195.964
6.517,212
21.967.133
3.899.173
2,557.014
187,171
1,154.364
85.709.549
63,489,090
4,158,031
18.038,684
21,476,509
15.841,313
1,327,995
4,398,538
52,650.920
38.059,421
2,738,986
11,843,881
29.935,653
23,374.755
871,670
5,685,751
57.211.224
37.676.488
3.584,917
15.940.064
28,423,138
19,728.429
1,231,011
7,463,367
15,306.600
7,140,655
2,438,944
5,727.000
4.316.295
3.452,573
213.971
649.728
15.816.473
10,997,730
619,090
4,196,164
13.634.863
7,299.959
612,705
5,721,977
70,982.219
60,817.685
2.377,819
7.767.755
8.140,167
4,501,196
570,632
3,067,738
19,737,997
11.514.978
1.327,390
6,881.348
6.491.359
5,116,360
288,597
1,085.398
10.165.881
7,835,915
451,812
1,886.993
88,534,163
59,243,785
6,297,189
23,987.546
17,285.640
12,185,473
1,161,874
3,933.157
10,696.434
7,409.123
832,748
2,447.845
8.223,425
4.925.626
604,533
2.684,943
87.144,786
62,339.834
6,186,365
18,606.216
12.588.224
8.649,994
358,232
3,577,367
12,410.965'
7,634.681
742,913
4.028.956
8,122.896
5,871.533
397,052
1,853,777
53.358.446
41,836,166
2,126.626
9.403,324
17.286.179
11.960.535
944,293
4,379.807
12.766.723
7.731,226
783.444
4,351.559
14.125.577
10.675.876
726,905
3,732.379
52,879.434
38,289,136
1,972.337
12,604.655
11,005.063
7.869.191
542,801
2,589.818
34.540.491
23.964,794
1.543.319
10,029.664
43.444,130
33.146,111
1,983,115
S.304.833
13.604,506
10,352.977
685,859
2,562.513
15,194,755
11.550.032
661.979
2.979,697
238.829.800
170.542,128
12.123.508
56,139.718
16.901.206
13.281.309
607,913
3,011,759
85,784,893
61.970.060
3.336.980
20,471.857
9,164.878
6,620,579
316,179
2,227.676
65.910.242
41,161.503
5,095,000
19.651.816
88.225,726
53,297.861
7,495.693
27.433.035
4.871.595
3,113.695
346,367
1,511.480
78.595.298
63,747.899
4,524.572
11.317,769
255.093,495
300.588,086
10,199,823
44,364.408
18.232.648
13.681,448
536,630
5,034.533
66.811,398
46.699.383
2,036.568
18,071,802
33.212.404
34.588.347
1.352,554
7.271.153
25.621.654
16.653,502
1,400.550
7,568,576
73,507.628
56,361,949
3,197,138
13.946.948
57.352.310
37,449,019
2,689.263
17.198,997
4.178,192
3.517.594
194.947
464.404
30,345,146
21,717.178
1,380,253
7.237,881
90,716.569
60,113.598
4.143,861
26,429.962
141,653.380
90,961.379
9,554,153
41,101.955
22.714.007
15,389.755
1.340.049
6.074.888
7.041.663
5.023.863
319.300
1.697.658
76.988.423
45.938.666
3.530.357
25 521 423
40.471.999
28.468.896
1.453.593
10.543.888
13.638.450
9.561.316
524.607
3,553.499
9.898.484
6.190.055
492.297
3.215.936
11.028.904
7,369.085
604.387
3.055.404
148
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
$
1917.
105,052,243
4.385,587
1,609.456
1916.
$83,140,867
3,834,961
1,432,673
Joint facility-
Joint facility-
Operating re
Kxpenses — Main
Maintenance o
Traffic
-Cr
Dr
4,
041,014,239
444.458,855
691,025,391
64,966,241
529,800,773
34,022,522
96,418.745
7,812,331
3.625.252.371
424,530,358
598.714.857
62,915.931
1.185,833,399
27.438.599
84,997.481
8,058,583
tenance of way
£ eouipment
Transportatioi
Miscellaneous
1,
Transportatioi
Operating ex
i for investment
penses
— Cr
2,
852,880.196
188,134.043
220,162,949
702.571
3.376,372,042
1.248,880,329
159.279.805
898.864
1,
Railway-tax ace
Uncollectible re
Operating ir
Ratio expenses
Year. Miles.
1830... 23
1840... 2.818
1850... 9T021
1860... 30.626
1861... 31,286
1862... 32,120
1863... 33.170
1864... 33. 908
1865... 35.085
1866... 36.801
State.
967,268,523
70.60
[TED STATES.
Year. Miles.
1897.. 188.844
1898.. 190,870
1899.. 194.336
1900.. 198.964
1901.. 202, 288
1902.. 207.253
1903.. 213.422
1904. .220. 112
1905.. 225.196
1906.. 230.761
ATES (1917).
State.
Oklahoma ....
1.088.701,660
65.55
Year. Miles.
1907.. 236.949
1908.. 240.846
1909.. 244. 084
1910.. 249.992
1911.. 254. 732
1912.. 258.033
1913. .261. 036
1914.. 263. 547
1915.. 264. 378
1916.. 266.031
Comp's. Miles.
16 310
to revenues, per
STEAM RAILB
Year. Miles.
1867. .39.050
1868. .42.229
1869. .46.844
1870. .52.922
1871. .60.301
1872. .66,171
1873. .70.268
1874. .72.385
1875. .74.096
1876. 76.808
ELECTRIC RA1
Comp's. Miles.
15 307
cent
OAD MILEAGJ
Year'. Miles.
1877.. 79,082
1878.. 81.747
1879.. 86.556
1880.. 93,267
1881.. 103.108
1882.. 114.677
1883.. 121.422
1884.. 125.345
1885.. 128.320
1886.. 136.338
~OF THE UN
Year. Miles.
1887.. 149.214
1888.. 156.114
1889.. 161.276
1890.. 167.191
1891.. 172,035
1892.. 175. 691
1893.. 179. 834
1894.. 182.733
1895.. 184.628
1896.. 186.681
LROADS IN THE UNITED ST
State. Comp's. Miles.
Maine - ./. 15 534
4 54
Maryland .
12 674
Oregon
10 679
Arkansas
10 128
Massachusetts
Michigan
... 43 3.243
26 1,666
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island..
South Carolina
South Dakota.
Tennessee
... 124 4,579
3 439
5 120
3 26
15 475
California ....
42 3 293
Colorado
13 492
Minnesota ....
14 722
8 1,624
Mississippi . . .
11 123
9. 1 S3
Missouri .....
22 1.135
Dist. of Columbia 7 412
Florida 9 1 83
9 658
Texas
38 1 003
Nebraska
6 254
Utah
5 470
17 501
Nevada
2 11
10 128
Idaho
6 180
New Hampshire.. 14 252
New Jersey - - 29 1.545
... 15 590
72 3 774
Washington . . .
19 1092
43 2 378
New Mexico . . .
2 9
West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total ..
... 24 639
... 18 768
2 22
25 881
New York ....
. 108 5.637
... 18 553
North Carolina... 12 292
North Dakota 6 38
Ohio 80 4.280
10 327
...1,029 48.175
ACCIDENTS ON STEAM RAILROADS.
[From reports of interstate commerce commission.]
Employes.
Passengers.
Other persons.
Total.
Year ended June 30.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
Killed.
Injured.
1892...
2,554
28.267
376
3.227
4.217
5,158
7,147
36.652
1893...
2,727
31,729
299
3.229
4,320
5,435
7,346
40,393
1894
1,823
23.422
324
3.034
4,300
5,433
6.447
31.889
1895...
1.811
25.696
170
2.375
4.155
5,677
6,136
33.748
1896...
1,861
29.969
181
2.873
4.406
5,845
6.448
38,687
1897...
1,693
27,667
°22
2.795
4.523
6.269
6,437
36.731
1898
1 958
31,761
221
2.945
4,680
6.176
6.859
40,882
1899
2 210
34.923
239
3.442
4,674
6.255
7.123
44.620
1900
2 550
39.643
249
4.128
5,066
6.549
7.865
50,320
1901
2 675
41.142
282
4,988
5,498
7.209
8.455
53,339
1902
2 969
50,524
345
6.683
5,274
' 7,455
8,588
64.662
1903
3 606
60 481
355
8,231
5,879
7.841
9,840
76,553
1904
3 632
67 067
441
9.111
5.973
7.977
10,046
84,155
1905
3 361
66,833
537
10.457
5.805
8,718
9,703
86.008
1906
3 929
76 701
359
10.764
6.330
10.241
10.618
97.706
1907
1908
4,534
3 405
87,644
82 487
610
381
13.041
11.556
6,695
6.402
10,331
10,187
11.839
10,188
111,016
104.230
1909
1910
1911
2.610
3,382
3 602
75,006
95,671
126 039
253
324
356
10.311
12.451
13.433
5,859
5.976
6.438
10,309
11,385
10,687
8.722
9,682
10,396
95,626
119.507
150.159
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1916*
3,635
3,715
3.259
2,152
2,687
2,941
142,442
171,417
165.212
138.092
160.663
176,923
318
403
265
222
283
291
16.386
16.539
15,121
13.110
8.379
8.008
6.632
6,846
6.778
6.247
6.394
6,769
10,710
12,352
12.329
11.838
11.333
11,791
10.585
10.964
10.302
8.621
9,364
10,001
169.538
200.308
192.662
162.040
180.375
196.722
•Year ended Dec.
31.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
149
UNITED STATES TELEPHONE STATISTICS.
BELL, TELEPHONE SYSTEM STATISTICS.
[From annual report for years ending: Dec. 31. 1916 and 1917.]
1916.
337,289
1917.
351.222
Total miles pole lines. . .
Mideu!t underground con-
Miles underground wire.11.468,525 13,451,121
Miles submarine wire ... *14J „,?„•?£
Miles aerial wire 8,340,618 9.112.498
Total miles wire ...... 19.850,315 22.610.487
Comprising- toll wire ..... 2.682.910 3.088.808
C°w?re Sl^
19,521,679
Total 19,850,315 22.610,487
Miles phantom circuit. . 221.994 281,016
Total exchang-e circuits.. 3.459,069 3.706.682
Number central offices.. .5,397 5-676
Number Bell stations... 6.545,490 7.031.530
Number connected sta-
tions 3,301.702 3.444.148
Total stations 9.847.192 10,475.678
Number employes 179.032 192.364
Number connecting- lines 30,358 31,4,28
EXdCa^.e . °.°.n .neCti°n928.530.073 30.845.153
Toll connections daily... 889,860 1.009,205
Combined Balance Sheets.
Assets— 1916. 1917.
$946,293,248 $1.064,892.710
el .
plant .
Supplies, tools.
etc
Receivables .
Cash
Stocks and
bonds
24,032.099
66.029,580
80,692,829
31,543,745
42,472.942
35.986,840
81,8i5.476 101,607,231
Total 1,198,863.232 1.276,503,468
Liabilities —
Capital stock.
Funded debts.
Bills payable.
Accounts pay-
able
463,101.569
422,586,617
3,738.451
38.280.436
505.403.777
407,434,080
4.538.565
46,382,252
Total out-
standing-. 927.707,073 963.758,674
Employes' ben-
efit fund. . $9.151.000 $9.219,143
Surplus and
reserves . . 262.005.159 303.525,651
Total 1,198.863,232 1,276,503,468
Revenues and Expenses.
1916. 1917.
Exchang-e revenues.$188, 888,149 $207.471,937
Toll revenues 72.971.668 84,559.861
Miscellaneous rev.. 2,715.463 2,863,152
Total oper. rev. . 264,575,280 294,894,950
Depreciation 49.631,966 52.919.458
Current maintenance 34.923.549 41,151,041
1916. 1917.
Traffic expenses $53,748.707 868,121,646
Commercial expenses 25.698.913 28.364,039
General expenses ... 11.902,470 13,849.960
Total oper. exp.. 175,905,605 204,406,144
Net oper. rev 88.669.675 90.488.806
Uncollectible rev ... 1.480,502 1,229.253
Taxes 14,916,448 20,710,933
Operating- income 72.272.725 68,548.620
Net non - operating-
revenues 7,080,384 7,975.869
Tot. gro. income.
Rent and miscel.
deductions 3.735.470
Interest deductions. 18,378,931
79,353.109 76.524,489
3,990.047
21,820,231
Total deductions. 22.114.401 25,810,278
Bal. net income. . 57.238,708 50,714,211
Deduct dividends.. 35,160,119 36.862,582
Surplus earningrs... 22,078,589 13,851,629
Revenue (Net) and Dividends.
Year. Revenue. Dividends.
1900 $5,486.058 $4,078,601
1901 7,398.286 5.050.024
1902 7.835,272 6.584.404
1903 10.564,665 8.619,151
1904 11,275,702 9,799,118
1905 13.034.038 9.866.355
1906 12.970.937 10.195.233
1907 16,269,388 10.943.644
1908 18.121,707 12.459.156
1909 23.095,389 17,036,276
1910 26.855,893 20.776,822
1911 27,733.265 22.169,450
1912 32,062.945 26.015.588
1913 32.920,090 27,454.037
1914 32.334,814 27,572.675
1915 34,618,638 29,100.591
1916 38.013,277 31.122,187
1917 38,471,106 32,481.614
GOVERNMENT CENSUS STATISTICS.
Miles
Year. wire.Telephones. Messages.*
Bell system... 1912 15,133,186 5.087,027 9.133 226 836
1907 8,947,266 3,132,063 6.401,044.799
1902 3,387.924 1,317,178 3,074.530.060
Other systems.1912 5,115,140 3,642.565 4.602,431,409
1907 4,052,098 2,986,515 3,999.389.159
1902 1.512,527 1.053,866 1.996.024.4S3
U t'd States. 1912 20.248.326 8,729,592 t!3,735,658,245
1907 12,999,364 6,118,578 tlO.400.438.958
1902 4,900.451 2,371.044 6.070.654.553
*The number of messages reported by the Bell
telephone system includes only completed calls,
while the figures for all other companies may
include some original calls not necessarily com-
pleted: such as calls that the operator reports
as "Line busy" or "Does not answer." tEx-
cluslve of companies with an annual income of
less than $5,000.
EXPRESS COMPANY FINANCES (1917).
OPERATING REVENUES. EXPENSES AND INCOME.
Company. Revenues.
Adams $27,653.700
Great Northern.
Wells Farg-o & Co. . .
American
Northern
Western
Canadian
Southern
•Deficit or loss.
1.564.153
29.578.340
42.099.273
1.701.946
937,751
2.613.516
9.771,447
Expenses.
830,476.896
1.232.255
28,397.532
40.831.309
1.338.189
814.248
2.460,568
8.170.054
Income.
•$3,137.187
222.042
651.416
679.184
289.723
98.627
62.669
949.219
150
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
Articles imported. Quantities. Values.
Aluminum, crude Ibs. 1,904.000 $558,897
Manufactures of 43151
Animals 16.602.859
Antimony— Ore Ibs. 9,636.989 1.033.885
Matte, regulus Ibs. 17,638.290 2,187,036
Artworks 23,875,268
Asbestos, unmanufactured tons 115,718 3,944,823
Asphaltum and bitumen tons 161.901 902716
Beads and bead ornaments 1,607,387
Bones, etc.. unmanufactured 987,544
Brass for remanufacture Ibs. 52.273,104 8,735,797
Breadstuffs 58.883.124
Bristles, prepared Ibs. 4.026.539 4,381.411
Bronze, manufactures of 562,728
Brushes, dusters, hair pencils 2,209,976
Buttons and parts of 1,206,859
Cars. etc. — Automobiles No. 105 188.280
Parts of 239.969
Chemicals, drugs, dyes — 124,770,575
Argols Ibs. 23,925,808 3.824,882
Quinia, sulphate of oz. 1.264,357 485,131
Colors or dyes 3,161,371
Creosote oil gate. 29.078.038 2,184.569
Tanning extracts Ibs. 62,309,588 5,351,523
Glycerin Ibs. 4,122.410 1,297,159
Gums 21,510.283
Indigo Ibs. 2.275.327 3,148,872
Nitrate of soda tons 1.261,659 44,231,240
Potash Ibs. 15,940,446 1,773,197
Clays or earth tons 260,537 1.542,019
Clocks and parts of 70.929
Watches and parts of 5,762,781
Coal, bituminous tons 1.282,790 4,142,951
Cocoa or cacao (crude) Ibs. 338.653,876 39,834,279
Prepared Ibs. 1,829.521. 553,139
Coffee Ibs. 1,319,870.802 133,184.000
Copper— Ore tons 443,391 19,788,^74
Concentrates tons 152,092 8,839,457
Matte and regulus ton;: 19.110 3,947,651
Pigs, ingots, bars, etc Ibs. 359,419.151 93.703.230
Cork, unmanufactured 3,870.389
Manufactures of 2,158,447
Cotton, unmanufactured Ibs. 147,061,635 40,429,526
Manufactures of 56.181,684
Diamonds, uncut 11,717.175
Cut. but not set 21.855.735
Total diamonds, precious stones.
etc 47.270,689
Dyewoods tons 131.689 4,326,576
Earthen, stone and ehina ware 5.989.964
Eggs of poultry doz. 1.110,322 268,286
Explosives 8,696.476
Feathers, natural and artificial 3,455.577
Fertilizers 4,769.734
Fibers, unmanufactured tons 408,618 67.709,758
Manufactures of 78,955.185
Fish. 22,531.476
Fruits and nuts 25,315,943
Furs, undressed 21,553.375
Manufactures of 4.655.812
Gelatin, unmanufactured Ibs. 1,114.667 359,076
Glass and glassware 2,224.544
Glue and glue size Ibs. 6,265,597 928,000
Gold and silver, manufactures of 3,025.684
Grease and oils Ibs 1,978,037
Hair, unmanufactured Ibs. 14.350,138 3,644,783
Hats, bonnets, and materials for 12,810,523
Hay tons 58.147 628,021
Hides and skins Ibs. 700.207,497 216,363,609
Hide cuttings, raw glue stock 33,639.707 1,452,273
Household goods, etc 5,555.164
India rubber, unmanufactured 194.688.303
Manufactures of 782.929
Iron— Ore tons 1,149,958 3.986.743
Iron and steel, manufactures of 27.899,820
Ivory, animal and vegetable 2.856.060
Lead and manufactures of Ibs. 95,218,109 5,583-823
Leather and manufactures of 27,393.513
Matting and mats sq. yds. 14.950,807 1,834.070
Meat and dairy products : 18,540.841
Metals and manufactures of n.e.s 2,971,8.14
Musical instruments V-V^A « 5"fi 29Z
Nickel ore and matte tons 60.132 9.970.957
Oilcloths sq. yds. 456,323 263,000
-1918-
Quantities.
1,503,776
6,526.292
33,934,515
117.183
139.899
32,831,075
"3,936.667
50
30,267,388
3.273,628
" 3.'857,869
106.097,925
1.875.531
'"3,'i25.497
1.607,020
25,106.688
234.070
1,391,535
399.040.401
271.877
1,143,890.889
377,124
160.998
21.658
341,167.180
103.325,647
87,476
'i.'eis'.oeQ
389.853
365.586
°2.'648.543
28.000.428
9.963.291
410,738
432,516.693
21.710.205
837.546
12,095.720
58.776
43.644
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
151
Iff0
1D17
Articles imported.
Quantities. Values.
Quantities. Values.
Oils of all kinds
867.677,316
$117,928,119
Paints, pigments and colors..
1,533.278
961,047
Paper stock, crude..
5,515.015
3,234,762
Paper and manufactures of..
34,715,305
42,955.817
Printing paper
..Ibs.
984,400,813
23,709,375
1,204,040,485
34.234,222
Perfumes, etc
3.806.699
3,497,695
Photographic goods
1,596,220
1.322.044
Pipes and smokers' articles..
4,012,060
9.268,525
Plants, trees and shrubs
3,955,709
3.327,697
Platinum and manufactures
of...
2,118,442
4.575,161
Plumbago
. .tons
42.239
9,678,160
25.825
6.127.887
Seeds
35,879,665
50.841,623
Shells, unmanufactured
2,457,930
2.227.610
Silk, unmanufactured
160,571,808
188.454,812
Manufactures of
40,322,840
35.068,958
Artificial manufactures of.
1,523,939
741,822
591,505
359,008
Spice
..Ibs.
58.516.577
7,744,143
78,071.170
11,519,214
Spirits — Malted liquors
.gals.
2,240.177
1,400,496
762,066
708,907
Distilled spirits
. gals.
3.115,483
7,792,891
1.377,096
4.331,483
Wines
8,485,745
4.447.076
Mineral waters
980,297
192.514
253.584
Stone and manufactures of . .
1,176,510
783,067
Sugar— Molasses
Sugar
gals.
,..lbs.
110,237.888
5,332,745.854
10,946,571
230,945,694
130,730.861
4,903.327,249
9.177.833
237,015,371
Sulphur ore
.tons
935,609
5,855,913
810.075
4,522,335
Tanning materials
2,366,621
1,287.593
Tea
. . Ibs.
103,364.410
19,265,264
151.314,932
30.889,030
Tin
. .Ibs.
137,576.360
54.996,098
136,519.310
74.543,006
Tobacco— Leaf
..Ibs.
42,194.411
20,182,984
79.367.536
45,320.524
Manufactures of
6.817,896
7,066.219
Toys
1,442.167
2.028.745
Vegetables .
29,150,889
30.175,769
Wood and manufactures of..
93,295.052
95,714,268
Pulp
. .tons
699,475
42,461,994
504,128
31.589 090
Wool, unmanufactured
. .Ibs.
372,372,218
131.137.170
379,129,934
198,545,911
Manufactures of
18.862.463
27.476.798
Zinc— Ore and calamine
. .tons
324,767
7,596.930
102.234
2.499.468
In blocks and manufactures of
190.988
60.479
Total value merchandise.
( free
<dut.
1.848,840.520
810,514,665
2.118,599,372
827.460,031
Total value imports*
•Including articles not specified in above table.
2.659.355.185
2,946,059.403
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
Articles exported.
Quantities.
Values.
Quantities.
Values.
Abrasives
$6,069,115
$6.469.108
Agricultural implements
26,552,826
35.076,911
Aluminum and manufactures of. .
20,299.982
11.294,850
Animals— Cattle No.
13,387
949,506
18,213
1,247,800
Hogs No.
21.936
347.951
9,280
256,629
Horses No.
278,674
59.525.329
84.765
14,923,663
Mules No.
136,689
27,800,854
28.879
4.885.406
Sheep No.
58,752
367,477
7.959
97.028
Total animals, including fowls.
89.382.954
21.733,594
Art works
395.868
317,711
Asbestos, manufactures of
1.502,429
2.112,339
Asphaltum, unmanufactured. . tons
34,423
712,051
22.052
548,271
Manufactures of
554.665
488,892
Athletic and sporting goods
969,737
1,602.121
Brass and manufactures of
383.291,964
61.443.993
Breadstuffs — Barley bu.
16,381,077
19,027.032
26,408.978
41.939,964
Bread and biscuit Ibs.
11.743,095
1.115,359
14,917,301
1,973.388
Corn bu.
64.720,742
72,497,204
40,997,287
75.305.692
Cornmeal brls.
508,113
2,757,326
2,018.859
20.358,644
Oatmeal Ibs.
110,911.469
4.491,303
346.560,222
17,567.218
Oats bu.
88,944.401
55.034,981
105,881.233
86.125,093
Rye bu.
13.260,043
21.694,666
12,065,922
24,157,536
Wheat bu.
149,837,427
298.179.725
34,118.853
80,802.542
Wheat flour brls.
11.942.505
93,202,069
21.880.151
244.861.140
Total breadstuffs (all kinds)..
589.234.737
633.309.485
Cars. etc. — Aeroplanes and parts of
135
1,001.542
20
8,652.197
Automobiles No.
80,811
90.958.243
64.507
77,173,499
Parts of
3,226.556
32,933.006
Steam railroad cars...' No.
27,284,932
11.070
13,077.122
Other railroad cars No.
2,456.714
1.814
1,341.625
Motorcycles No.
16.658
3,409,118
10,746
2,373,396
Wagons No.
10.165
704.321
10.389
719,625
Total cars. etc. (all kinds) ....
166.504,339
156.774.448
Celluloid and manufactures of
3.112.441
3.744.745
Cement, hydraulic brls.
2,345,854
4,111,560
2,575.205
5.989,081
152
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
mi n
Articles exported.
Quantities. Values.
Quantities. Values.
$187,846,351
$181.726,498
Clocks and watches
4.276,380
4.054,523
Coal tons
24,269,186
83,119,233
25,894,166
111.825.165
Coke • tons
1.170.824
6,280,952
1,387,321
10,155,047
Cocoa and chocolate
3,451,518
6.554,431
Coffee — Green or raw Ibs.
49.970,581
6,412,486
40,905.750
5,921,883
Roasted or prepared Ibs.
2,151.226
436.519
2,704,734
464,329
Confectionery
2,102,847
1,856,751
87.664
. 1.454.601
51.545
984,709
Manufactures of
322,284.174
269.546,619
Cotton, unmanufactured bales
5,947.165
543,100.542
4,528.844
665,024.655
Manufactures of
136,253.858
169.398,420
Dental groods
2.227.657
1.753,446
Earthen, stone and china ware
6,162.021
7.757.099
Eggs doz.
24,946,424
7,570,411
18.969,167
7.167.134
Electrical machinery
52,158,773
54.527.570
Explosives — Cartridges
65.108,542
13,672,371
Dynamite Ibs.
16,254.201
3.488.143
18,911.668
4,991.508
Gunpowder Ibs.
404,675,124
330,667,167
340,516.883
262,201.813
Shells, etc
40.130,298
All other
403,525.585
38.559.249
Total explosives
802.789.437
378.901,793
Fertilizers tons
416.339
6.971,011
252.924
5.840.139
Fibers
27,343,572
29.868.520
Fish
19.875.614
30.449.505
Fruits and nuts
39.394.197
34,480.678
Furs and fur skins
15,729.160
13,903.631
Glass and glassware
13,556,517
14.012.756
Glucose and grape sugar Ibs.
215.023,315
7,361,231
97.858.301
5,994.671
Jewelry
1.226.826
953.934
Grease, lubricating
2,811,998
2,986.815
Soap stock and other
3,405,152
2.612.488
Hair and manufactures of
1,784.411
1.478.498
Hay tons
85.529
1.685,836
30,145
907,401
Hides and skins other than furs. Ibs.
10.066.035
3.014.718
12.144.817
4,089.493
Hops Ibs.
4.874,876
775,621
3.494,579
993.773
Household and personal effects
5,521,014
5.575.532
India rubber, manufactures of . . . .
31,110.394
33.343.181
Instruments, scientific, etc
6,018.803
4.872,902
Iron ore tons
1.024,287
3,284,629
1.185.769
4.877.380
Iron and steel and manufactures of
1,129.341,616
1.125,889,371
Firearms
95,470,009
49.159.271
Lamps, chandeliers, etc
3.994,383
3.826.594
Lead, manufactures of
16,563,290
19.108,238
Leather and manufactures of
153,711.912
100.920.272
Heat and dairy products —
Beef, canned Ibs.
67,576,725
16.966.030
97.366,983
30,051 507
Beef, fresh Ibs.
197.181,101
26,277,271
370.057,514
67.386,359
Beef , cured Ibs.
58.693,667
6,728,359
54.867.310
1,702.308
Oleo oil Ibs.
67.113,421
11,067,505
56.648.102
12,166.482
Oleomargarine Ibs.
5,651,267
901,659
6.404.896
1,631.267
Tallow Ibs.
15.256,844
1,805.743
5.014.964
931 941
Bacon Ibs.
667.156.061
117,221.683
815.319.424
221.477.220
Hams, cured Ibs.
266.655,581
50.474.041
419,571.869
108.106.862
Lard Ibs.
444.787,521
77.012,830
392.498,435
98,214.348
Neutral lard Ibs.
17,548,259
3.164,172
4,258,529
1.074,603
5,898,126
1,645,605
5,194.468
1.731.835
Pork, pickled Ibs.
47,001.621
6,942,186
33,221,502
7,545,011
Pork, fresh Ibs.
50,429,275
8,875,013
21.390.302
5,225.987
Lard compounds Ibs.
56.279,393
8,269.844
31.278,382
6,613,640
Mutton v Ibs.
3,195,576
481,526
2.098,423
453,232
Poultry and game
1,327,348
1,241,232
Sausage, canned Ibs.
6,294,950
1.311.320
5.787.108
1,487,874
All other Ibs.
9.134.471
2.441.510
9,232,341
3,232,681
Sausage casings Ibs.
6,117.560
1.741,959
6,281.086
3,039,369
Stearin Ibs.
12.936,357
1,798.317
10,252.522
2,180.485
Butter Ibs.
26.835,092
8,749.170
17,735.966
6,852.727
Cheese Ibs.
66.087,213
15.244.364
44.330.978
10.785.153
Milk, condensed Ibs.
259.102.213
25.129.983
529.750.032
68.039.597
Total meat and dairy products
404.143,751
679.848.942
Motor boats No.
231
917,507
218
2.460.583
Musical instruments
4.141.781
4.915,299
Naval stores (rosin, tar, etc.)
15.607.311
11.172.234
Nickel, oxide and matte Ibs.
31,005,606
12,270.854
18,818,212
7,680.502
Oil cake and meal Ibs.
1,724.434.598
31,286,840
201.403,956
4,994,193
Oils — Animal gals.
885,797
803,086
999.017
1,155.013
Mineral gals.
2.749,438.434
230.953,149
2,677,037,650
298.144.927
Vegetable
26,280,019
25.020.890
Paints, pigments and colors
15.118.146
16.894.154
Paper stock (ex. wood pulp), Ibs.
28.590,921
691,392
32.923,186
652.782
Paper and manufactures of
43.161.701
50.357.686
Paraffin and paraffin wax Ibs.
348.743.906
16.021.811
246.660,620
18,541,528
Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc
3.618.604
3.965.465
Phonographs, etc No.
3.648.317
91.267
2.610.866
Photographic goods
14.321.578
12.290,317
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
153
Articles imported.
Quantities.
Values.
Quantities.
Values.
Roofing felt, etc
$3.165,142
$4,630.752
Salt
.Ibs.
194,109.856
726.461
267.045,840
1,416,798
4.001.723
5,659,163
7.202,639
12,140,817
Soap
6,291.741
9.140,712
Spirits — Malt liquors
1,442,030
1.731,159
Distilled
.gals.
54,029.633
18,500,493
9,079,700
5,718.640
Wines
gals.
2,250,037
933,427
2,765,395
1,389.319
Starch
.Ibs.
146,424.342
4,721.567
74,135.593
4,548.974
Stone, including: marble
1,882 841
1.885,466
.gals.
2.892,061
443.112
3,811.341
847.692
Sirup
,grals.
10,328.023
4.090.150
7,690,074
4,823,912
Sugar, refined
..Ibs.
1,248,840,336
77,090,608
576,415,890
38,756,680
Surgical appliances
2.998.809
11.293,791
Tobacco, unmanufactured
. .Ibs.
411.598,416
59.954,239
289,170,793
69,699,725
15,552 544
21,713.541
1,806,174
2.023,624
Vegetables
22.290,710
26.972,272
Wood and manufactures of...
62.817,451
82,054.086
Wool, manufactures of
18,423,556
17,749,421
66.108.586
31,573,770
Total domestic merchandise*
6,227,164,050
5,847,159,678
Total foreign merchandise.
62.884.344
81,125,963
Grand total
6.290,048.394
5.928,285,641
•Including- articles not specified in above table.
SUMMARY OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF
Fiscal years ended June 30.
, 1917
Imports. Value.
Free of duty — Crude materials for use in man-
ufacturing $1,009,093.390
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
mals 268,597,470
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured. . 40.571.719
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing 361.886,136
Manufactures ready for consumption 158,876.759
Miscellaneous 9.815,046
Total free of duty
Dutiable— ^Jrude materials lor use in manu-
facturing
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
mals
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured..
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing
Manufactures ready for consumption
Miscellaneous
Total dutiable...
Free and dutiable — Crude materials for use in
manufacturing-
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
mals 335,573,042
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured.. 343,435,475
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing 477.730.509
Manufactures ready for consumption 377,256.553
Miscellaneous 15.655.041
Total imports of merchandise 2,659,355,185
Per cent of free
Duties collected from customs 225,981,934
Average ad valorem rate of duty, based on
imports for consumption
Remaining in warehouse at the end of month
Exports.
Domestic-7-Crude materials for use in manu-
facturing
Foodstuffs in crude condition, and food ani-
mals 531,866.009
Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured.. 737,795,334
Manufactures for further use in manufac-
turing- . 1,191.262.523
MERCHANDISE.
Per ct.
-1918-
Value.
54.58 $1,096.971,106
14.53
2.20
19.57
8.59
.53
312,681.359
75,632,649
446,067,235
175.487,184
11,759,869
1.848,840,520 100.00 2.118,599,372
Per ct.
51.78
14.76
3.57
21.05
8.28
.56
100.00
100.611.175 12.41
66.975.572
302.863.756
115,844,373
218,379.794
5.839.995
810,514.665 100.00
130,312.174 15.75
i 8.26
i 37.37
60.000.422
304.705.362
7.25
36.82
14.30
26.94
.72
105,991,001
219,184,607
7.266.465
12.81
26.49
.88
827.460.031 100.00
1.109,704,565 41.73 1,227,283,280 41.65
12.62
12.91
17.96
14.19
.59
372.681.751
380,338,011
552.058,236
394.671.791
19,026.334
100.00
69.52
2.946.059,403
179,998,383
8.47
12.65
12.91
18.74
13.40
.65
100.00
71.92
6.28
731.990,339 11.76
8.54
11.85
897.328,794 15.35
375.541,940
1.153,448,951
Manufactures ready for consumption.
Miscellaneous
Total domestic
Total foreign
Total exports
Excess of exports
Total imports and exports
2.942.577,415
91,672.430
19.13 1,203.916.333
47.25 2.191,137.089
1.47 25,787.471
6.42
19.73
20.59
37.47
.44
6.227,164.050 100.00
62.884.344
6.290.048,394
3.630.603.209
8.949.403.579
5,847,159.678 100.00
81.125,963
5.928.285.641
2.982,226,238
8,874.345,044
154
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS INTO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES.
From Oct. 1. 1790, to June 30. 1917.
FISCAL YEAB.*
MERCHANDISE.
SPECIE.
MDSE. AND SPECIE COMBINED.
Imports.
Exports.
wrtB (rom.)
or export!
(iUlioa).
Imports,
gold and
silver.
"Exports,
gold and
silver.
Total
imports.
Total
exports.
EXOMI of Im-
ports (reman)
or exporta
(italloi).
1790
1791
1792
$23,000,000
29,200,000
31,500.000
31,100,000
34,600,000
69,756,268
81,436,164
75,379,406
68,551,700
79,089,148
91,252,768
111,363,511
76,333,333
64,666,666
85,000,000
120,600,000
129.410,000
138,500,000
56,990,000
59,400,000
85,400,000
53,400,000
77,030,000
22,005,000
12,965,000
113,041,274
147.103,000
99,250,000
121,760,000
87.125,000
74,460,000
64,520,834
79,871,695
72,481,371
72,169,172
90.189,310
78,093,511
71.352.938
81,020.083
67,088,916
62,720,956
95,885,179
95,121,762
101,047,943
108,609,700
136,764.295
176,579,154
130,472.803
95,970,288
156,490,956
98,258,706
122,967,544
96,075,071
42,433,464
102,1)04,600
113,184,322
117,914.065
122,424,349
148.638,644
141,206,199
173,509,520
210,771,429
207,440,398
268,777,361
297,803,794
257,808,708
310,432.310
348.428,342
263,338,654
881,888,81]
'353,616.119
289.310.542
189,356,677
243,335.815
316,447,283
238,745,580
434,812,060
395,761,0%
357,436,440
417,506,379
435.958,408
520,223,684
626.595,077
120,205,156
19,012,041
20,753,098
26,109,572
33,043,725
47,989,872
58,574,625
51,294,710
61,327,411
78,665,522
70,971,780
93,020,513
71,957,144
66,800.033
77,699,074
95.666,021
101,536,963
108,343,150
22,430,960
62,203,233
66,757,970
61,316,832
38,527,236
27,856,017
6,927,441
52,557,753
81,920,062
87,671,569
93,281,133
70,142,521
69,691,669
54,596,323
61,350,101
68,326.043
68,972,105
90,738,333
72,890.789
74,309,947
64,021,210
67,434,651
71,670,735
72,295,652
81,620,603
87,528,732
102.260,215
115,215,802
124,338,704
111.443,127
104,978,570
112,251,673
123,668,932
111.817.471
99,877,995
82,825,689
105,745,832
106,040,111
109.583,248
156,741,598
138,190,515
140,351,172
144.375,720
188,915,259
16(i,984,231
203,489,282
237.043,764
218,909,503
281,219,423
293,823.760
272,011,274
292,902,051
833.576.057
219.553.833
190.670,501
203,904,447
158,837,988
166,029,303
348,859,52.'
294,506,141
281,952,891
286,117,697
392.771,768
442,820.178
444.177.58f
J2.794.844
10,187,959
10,746.902
4,990,428
1,556,275
21,766,396
22,861,539
24,084,696
7,224,289
403.626
20,280,988
18,342,998
4,376,189
8.866.«33
7,300,920,
25,033,979
27,873,037
30,156,850
34,559,040
7,193,767
18,642,030
7,916,832
38,502,764
5,851,017
6,037,559
60,483,521
65,182,948
11.578.431
28,468,867
16,982,479
4,758,331
75,489
18,521,594
4,155,328
3,197,007
649,023
5,202,722
2,977,009
16,998,873
345,736
8.949,779
23,589,527
13.601,159
13,519,211
6,349,485
21,548,493
52,240.450
19,029,670
9,OOtt.2M2
44,245,285!
25,410,226
11.140,073
3,802,924
40.392,225
3,141,226
7,144,211
8,330,817
34,317,249
10,448,129
855.027
29,133,800
21,856,170
40,456,167
60.287.983
00.760.030
88,899,206
29,212,887
54,604,582
£,672,620
38.431.290
20.040.0ti2
69.756.709
1.313.284
$23,000,000
29,200.000
31,500,000
31,100,000
34,600,000
69,756,268
81,436.164
75,379,406
68,551,700
79,069,148
91,252,768
111,363,511
76,333,333
64.666,666
85,000,000
120,600,000
129,410,000
138,500,000
56,990.000
69,400,000
85,400,000
63,400.000
77,030,000
22,005,000
12,965,000
113,041.274
147,103,000
99,250,000
121,750,000
87,125,000
74,450,000
62,585,724
83,24 1,541
77,579.267
80,548,142
96,340,075
84,974,477
79,484,068
88,509,824
74,492,527
70,876,920
108491,134
101,029,286
108,118,311
12K,521,332
149,895,742
189,980,085
140.989,217
113,717,404
162.092,132
107,141,519
127,946.177
100,162,087
64,753,799
108.435,035
117,254,564
121,691,797
146,545.638
154,998,928
147,857.439
178,138,318
216,224,932
212.945,442
267,978,647
304,562.381
261,468,520
314,639,942
360,890,141
282,013,150
338,768,130
362,166,254
335,650,153
205,771,729
252,919.920
329,562,895
248,555,652
445,512,158
417,831,571
371,624,808
437,314,255
462,377,587
541,493.708
640,338,766
$20,205,156
19,012,041
20,753,098
26,109,572
33.043,725
47,989,872
58,574,625
51,294.710
61.327,411
78,665,522
70,971,780
93,020,513
71,957,144
55,800,033
77,699,074
95,566,021
101,536,963
108,343.150
22.430,960
52,203,233
66,757,970
61.316,832
38.627.236
27,856,017
6,927,441
62,557,753
81,920,052
87,671,569
93,281,133
70,142.521
69.691,669
65,074,382
72,160,281
74,699,030
75,986,657
99,535,388
77,595.352
82.324.827
72,264,686
72,358.671
73,849,608
81,310,583
87,176.943
90,140,433
104,336.973
121,693,577
128,663,040
117,419,376
108,486,616
121.028,416
132,085,946
121,851,803
104,691,534
84,346,480
111.200.046
114,646,606
113,488.516
158,648.622
154,032,131
145,755,820
151,898.720
218.388,011
209,658,366
230,976,157
278,325,268
275,156,846
326,964.908
362,960,682
324.644,421
356.789,462
400,122,296
249,344 913
227,558,141
268,121,058
264,234.529
233,672,529
434.903(693
355,374.513
375,737,001
343.256,077
450,927,434
541,262,166
524,055.120
12,794,844
10,187,959
10,746,902
4,990,428
1,556.275
21,766,396
22,861,539
24,084,696
7,224,289
403,628
20,280,988
18,342,998
4,376,189
8,866.633
7,300,928
25,033,979
27,873,037
80,156,860
34.559.040
7,196,767
18,642,030
7,916.833
38,502,764
6,851,017
6,037,559
60,483.521
65,182,948
11,578,431
28,468.867
16,982,479
4,758,331
2.488,658
11,081,260
2,880,237
4,561.485
3,195,313
7,379,125
2,840,769
16,245,138
2,133,868
2,972,588
21,880,541
13,852,323
17.977.878
22,184.369
28,202,165
61.31H.995
23,569,841
6,230,788
41,063,716
24,944,427
6,094,374
4,529.447
19,692,681
2,765.011
2,607,958
8,203.281
12,102,984
966.797
2,101.619
26,239,598
2,163,079
3,287,076
37.002,490
26,237.113
13,686,320
12,324.968
2,070,541
42,031,271
18,021,332
37,956,042
86,305,240
21,786,412
15,201,138
65,328,3(58
14.883,123
10,608.565
62,457,053
4,112.193
94.058,178
11,450,153
231,542
116,283,646
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
Specie Included with
merchandise prior
to 1821.
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1MB
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1816
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
$8,064,890
3,369,846
6,097,896
8,378,970
6,150,765
6,880,966
8,151,130
7,489,741
7,403,612
8,155,964
7,305,945
6,907,504
7,070,368
17,911,632
13.131.447
13,400,881
10,516,414
17,747,116
5,595,176
8,882,813
4.988,633
4,087,016
22,320,335
5,830,429
4,070.242
3,777,732
24,121,289
6,360,284
6,651,240
4,628,792
5,453,503
5,505,044
4,201,382
6,758,587
3,659,812
4,207,632
12,461,799
19,274,496
7,434,789
8,550.135
46,339.611
16.415,052
9,584,105
13,115.612
9,810,072
10,700,092
22,070,475
14,188.368
19,807,876
26.419,179
21,270,024
13,743,689
810.478,059
10,810,180
6,372,987
7,014,552
8,797,055
4,704,563
8,014,880
8,243,470
4,924,020
2,178,773
9.014,931
6,656,340
2,611,701
2,076,758
6,477,775
4,324,336
5,976,249
3,508,046
8,776,743
8,417,014
10,034,332
4,813,539
1,520,791
5,454,214
8,606,495
3,905,268
1,907,024
15,841,610
5,404,648
7,522,994
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
J827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1836
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840 . .
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847....
1848....
1849
1850
1851 . . .
29,472,752
42,674.135
27,486.875
41.281,504
56,247,343
45,745,485
69,136,92,
52,633,147
63,887,411
66.546,231
29,791.080
36,887.640
64,156,61!
105,396,541
1852. . . .
1853
1854
1855
1856
1859
I860
1861
ist>2
1863
39.371.368
157.609,295
72,716,277
85,952,544
1864
67.643,226
86,044.071
60,868,372
93,784,10'-
57,138,380
58,155,66*
98,441,988
79,877,534
1866
1867
101.254.955
75,483,541
131,388.682
43.18G.04C
77 403,50b
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
182.417.49:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
155
TOTAL VALUE OF IMPOUTS AND EXPORTS.— CONTINUED.
FISCAL YEAR.*
MERCHANDISE.
SPECIE.
MDSE. AND SPECIE COMBINED.
Imports.
Exports.
potts (rom.)
or exports
(italics).
Imports,
gold and
silver.
Exports,
gold and
silver.
Total
Imports.
Total
exports.
>orti (romau
or exports
(italics).
1873
$642,136,210
567,406,342
533.005,436
460,741,190
451,323,126
437,051.532
445,777,775
667,954,746
{142,664,628
724,639.574
723,180.914
667,697,693
577,527,329
635,436,136
092,319,768
723,957,114
745,131,652
789,310,409
844,916,196
827,402,462
8lW.400.922
654,994.622
731,969,965
779,724,674
764,730,412
61S.049.654
697,148,489
849,941,184
823,172.165
903,320.948
1, 023.7 19,237
991,087,371
1,117,513,071
1,226.563,843
1.434,421,425
1,194,341.792
1,311,920.224
1.556,947,430
1.527,226,105
1.658,864,934
1,812.978,234
l,893,i>25,657
1.674,169,740
2.197,883,510
2,059,355.185
2.946,059,403
$522,479,922
580,283,040
513,442,711
640,384,671
602.475,220
694,865,766
710,439,441
835.638,658
902,377,346
750,542,257
323,839.402
740.513,609
742,189,755
679,524,830
716,183,211
695,954,507
742,401,375
857,828,684
884.480,810
l,tt(0,278,148
847,605,194
892.140.572
807,538.165
882.006.938
1,050,993,556
1,231,482.330
1,227,023,302
1,394,483.082
1,487,704,991
1,381,719,401
1,420,141.679
1,460.827.271
1,518.561,066
1,743,864.500
1,880,853,078
1,860,773,346
1,003,011,104
1,744,984,720
2,049,320,199
2,204,322,409
2,465,884,149
2,31)4,679,148
2,70.8.589.340
4,333,658,865
6,2!H),048,394
5.168,285,041
J119.656.288
18,876.698
19.562.725
79,643,481
151,152.094
257,814.214
264.661.666
16~.683.912
259.712.7te
25.902.683
100.658.488
72.815.916
164.662.426
44.088.694
23.863.443
28.002.1*7
2,730.277
68,518.275
39,564,614
202.875.686
18.735.728
237.145.95(1
75.568,200
102.8S2.264
286,263.144
615.432.676
529.874,813
544,541,898
664.592.826
478,398.453
394,422.442
469,739,900
401.048,595
517.300,657
446,429.653
666.431,554
351,090,880
188.037.290
522.094.094
550,967.475
652,905,915
470,653,491
1,094.419,600
2,135,775,355
3,630 ,693,209
2.'.)82,226,238
$21,480,937
28,454,906
20,900,717
15,930,081
40,774,414
29.821,314
20,296,000
93.034,310
110,575.497
42,472.390
28,489,391
37,420,202
43,242.323
38.593.656
60,170,792
59,337.986
28,963.073
311976,326
30,259,447
09,164.540
44.307,033
85,735,671
56.595,939
62.302.251
115,548,007
151.319.455
119,629,059
79,829.486
102,437,708
80,253.508
69,145.518
126,824,182
81,133,826
140,064,270
157,456,873
192,995,418
87.958,799
88,557,099
119.544.262
95,986.719
110,462,541
96,865,263
200,079,078
528.163,676
1,012,179,589
194,741,036
$84,008,574
06,630.405
92,132.142
56,500,302
56,162,237
33,740,125
24.997.441
17,142,919
19,406,847
49,417.479
31,820,333
67,133,383
42.231.525
72,468,410
35,997 .691
46,414,183
96,641.533
52.148,420
108,963,642
83,005,886
149,4 18,103
127,429,326
113,763,767
172,951.017
102.308,218
70.511,630
93.841,141
101.979.034
117,470.357
98,301,340
91,340,854
130,932,688
141,442,830
103,442,654
108,138,249
130,354,126
147,214,610
4663,617,147
595,861,248
658,908,168
476,677,871
492,097,540
406.872.840
406,073,775
700,860,066
753,240,125
767.111.964
751,670,305
705.123,955
620.769,652
(574,029,792
752,490.560
783,295,100
774,094,725
823,286,735
881,175,643
897,057,002
910,768.555
740,730.293
788,565,904
842,026.925
880,278.419
767.369.109
816,778,148
929,770,670
925,609.873
983,574,456
1,094,864.765
1,117,911,553
1,198,646,897
1,307 .228,113
1,591,878,298
1,387 ,337 ,210
1,399,879,023
$«07,088,496
652,913,445
605,574,853
596,890,973
658,637,457
728,605,891
735,436,882
852,781,577
921,784,193
799,956,736
855,059,735
807,640.992
784,421.280
751,988,240
752,180.902
742,308.090
839,042,908
909,977,104
993.434,452
1,113.284.034
997,083.357
1,019.569,81)8
921,301,932
1.055.558.555
1.153.301,774
1.301.993.960
1.320,864,443
1,499,462,116
1,605.235,348
1,480,020,741
1,520,482,533
1,591,759,959
1,660.004,502
1,847,307,154
1,988,989,327
1,991,127,472
1.810,225.714
$56,528,651
57,052,197
51,668,700
120,213,102
166,539,917
261,733,045
269,363,107
91,792,521
168.544,068
32,847,772
103,989,430
102,523.037
163,651,628
77.958,448
309,658
40,926,410
64,948,183
86,690,369
112,258,809
216,227,032
86,314.802
278,839,605
132,736,028
213,531.630
273,023,355
534.624.851
504,086,295
569,691,446
679,625,475
496,436,285
425,617.778
473,848,406
461.357.605
620.079,041
397,111,029
603,790,662
410,346,691
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879 ...
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886 .
1887
1888
1889 ...
1890.
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898 ..
1899. . . .
1900
1901
1902 ...
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
173.850,076
87,259,011
122.219,013
149.376,933
107,003.552
197,166,335
150,011.071
S70.201.156
880,088,683
1,645,504,529
1.646,770,367
1,749,341,653
1,923,440,775
1,990,790,920
1.874.848,818
2,720,047,186
3,071.534,774
3,140.801.039
1,918.734,796
2,136,579,810
2.320,541,422
2,615,261,082
2,531,582,700
2,905,755.675
4,4a3,699,930
0,000,249,550
6.258.319.204
273,230367
489,809.443
677.199.769
691,820,307
540,791,780
1.090.906,857
1.757,652,750
2,988*714,776
3.117,518.225
1911
1912 . .
1913
J9U
J915
1916
1917...
1918
•Fiscal year ended Sept. 30 prior to 1843; since that date ended June 30.
NOTE — Merchandise and specie are combined in I showing the total inward and outward movement
the columns at right of table for the purpose of | of values by years.
TONNAGE.
1017. 1918.
Entered— American 18.724.710 19,283,530
Foreign 31,738,569 26.172,407
Total 50,463,279 45.455.937
Cleared— American 19,145.754 19.261.733
Foreign 32.924,316 26,807,749
Total 52,072,070 46,069,482
GOLD AND SILVER.
Metal. 1917. 1918.
Gold— Imports ...8977,176,026 $124,413,483
Exports 291.921,225 190.852.224
Silver— Imports ... 35,003.563 70.328,153
Exports 78.279.931 139,181,399
DUTIES COLLECTED ON IMPORTS.
On principal articles or groups of articles
imported into the United States for consump-
tion.
Articles. 1916. 1917.
Animals $144.069 $127.854
Breadstuffs 2.038.637 2,506,972
Chemicals 4.393,465 6,479,307
Clocks, watches 1,096,716 1,585.279
Cotton* 19.411.963 19.370.102
Earthenware 2.841,916 2,752,027
Articles. 1916. 1917.
Feathers : $1.812,440 $1,519.826
Fibers* 10,454.561 10,335.053
Fish 671.903 769.115
Fruits and nuts 5,158,386 5,919,670
Furs* 892,770 1,170.935
Glass* 630.579 585.434
Hats, bonnets 2.185.740 2,401,959
Iron and steel 2,540.742 2,707,564
Leather* 1,765,080 1.729.897
Malt liquors 782,069 686,296
Meat, dairy products... 1.506,769 949.997
Oils 2.676.767 2,897.628
Paints 262.130 195.116
Paper* 1.258,981 1,682.215
Perfumeries 1,560.717 1.980.031
Pipes 611,396 1,538,582
Precious stones 7.735,067 8.086,182
Seeds 3,307,103 2.739,698
Silk* 14,743,551 18,088,180
Spirits, distilled 9.678,488 7,946,343
Sugar 55.795.563 55,382.140
Tobacco* 27,580.595 29.837.013
Toys .. , 1,184,545 1,492,529
Vegetables 1.297.202 2,734,518
Wines 4,825,346 4,758,385
Wood* 673.582 775,878
Woolt 365.587 525.271
Wool* 5.776,935 6.590.475
*Including manufactures of. tUnmanufac-
tured. JManufactured.
156
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
VALUE OF IMPORTS A!
Countries.
Europe — Austria-Hungary
*D EXPORTS
Fiscal years em
Imp o
1917.
$225,452
1,442,006
1,029.261
725
2,001.963
8,308
108.069,706
1.524.693
63.134
7.423.465
444,359
46.374,368
77,115
31.842,144
7.108.311
8.933.878
1.285
5.446.095
OF MERCHANDISE BY COUNTRIES.
led June 30.
1918.
$12.766
1,514,054
80,053
8,569
1.022,397
2,179
75,638,078
64.094
2,212
18.481,432
777,663
30.014,349
4,171
16.396,633
3.235,020
5,030,633
1917. 1918.
Azores and Madeira islands....
Belgium
$365,682
37.367,997
$179,514
91,238,638
Bulgaria
Denmark
56.738,490
576,052
1.011,667,206
2,199,449
7.939.273
20.860,645
1.403,564
360.608.356
489.037
109.082.168
82.001,636
13.721.140
4,969,542
68.360
890.481,513
Finland
France
Germany
Gibraltar
6.488,018
2.573.882
2.019,288
477.530.702
147.786
11.188.021
25,211,242
21,681,537
310,774
116.705.346
17.497
67.183.288
4.122.550
21.219,405
Greece
Iceland and Faroe islands
Italy
Malta Gozo, etc
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Rouma nia
Russia in Europe
15.146.826
428.688.107
3,540
76.978.350
44.683.512
22.325.779
Serbia. Montenegro and Albania
Spain
36,862.571
23,642,433
20.252,954
21.591
256.729.573
29.688,632
21.256.648
24.565.565
10.636.354
18,862,990
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey in Europe
United kingdom — England
150.403,714
18.792,315
20.886,427
1.867,053.668
152.548.154
27.210.856
1,848,372,491
136.084.411
10.437.358
Scotland
Ireland
Total United kingdom
307.674.853
190.082,456
2.046,812,678
1.994.894.260
Total Europe
North America — Bermuda
610.470.670
947.969
1.386,079
320.949.492
5,620.145
10.057,330
4.687,155
3.026,058
7.585,331
5,010.855
411.578,494
704.540
2.361.358
434.254,567
7.615.482
7.822.960
5.437.809
4.590.037
7.845.390
6.870.432
4.324,512.661
2.729,237
1.906.875
787.177.099
3.984.854
5.386.277
5,692,554
4.533,613
28.528.207
4.392.244
3.738.231.163
2.280.277
2.425,184
778.509.792
1.903.224
6.292.760
4.618.729
4.377.688
23.638,116
3.479.332
British Honduras
Central American States —
Honduras
Salvador
Total Central Amer. states.. .
35.986.874
163.475
112.138,677
40.182.110
218.513
140,801,097
3.191
6.218.304
685.102
3.282.982
7.144,415
3,009,956
52.517.749
2.300
79.004,597
170.859
9.927,053
2.345,171
8.074,774
6.233.646
5.281.236
44.309.849
13.192
106.893,653
557.324
9.656,144,
2.701.156
7.834,096
6.997.946
5.677.748
Newfoundland and Labrador. .
West Indies —
British West Indies: Barbadoes
Jamaica
2.993.430
621,389
4.239.940
8,223.613
3.674.524
Trinidad and Tobago
Other British
Total British West Indies
Cuba
16.759.466
253.395.410
1.259 607
14.892.299
900.275
104.953
4.234.531
14.122.455
264.024,006
1,542.222
8.061,412
1,056,622
122,960
4.815.544
21.934,827
178.292.328
1.438.904
13.794,425
1.971,116
5.520,335
7.370,396
23.210,946
235.682,045
1.807.344
16.011,019
1.622,796
6.381,127
8.359.922
Danish West Indies
Dutch West Indies
French West Indies
Haiti
Total West Indies
291.546.541
293.745,221
230.322,331
293.075.199
Total North America
766.112,537
152.612,411
44.161
151,638,245
113.789.130
28.965.920
10,667,783
918.488.901
195,633.348
122.917
113.511,954
141.075,704
25.975.988
10.887.968
400.000
364.002
972.395
4,991
69,797
41.439.218
23.530,682
13.287,738
1,163,758,100
82.375.165
2.925,530
56.727.234
44.538.993
14.921.569
6.036.741
38.777
3.813.499
1.242.716
626.640
227.065
18.828,884
14.297.113
12.880.445
1.237,720.614
109.444,001
3.581.395
66.270.046
63.529.124
10.992,199
4.830.468
240.158
5.269.778
1.076.483
761.906
672.454
22.011,583
18.061.880
7.823.007
South America — Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Guiana • Britist
976.451
1.648.537
64
66.003
36.379,016
30.406.532
15.018.567
Dutch
Venezuela
Total South America
542.212,820
2.125.086
105.905,531
10.648
567.276,702
1.516.605
116,644,981
259.480,371
1.487,815
37.195.608
342
203.187
244.060
314.564,482
257.764
43.480.623
21.346
333.950
28.687
China, leased territory:
British
12.417
64.265
105.330
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
157
T t_
Countries.
1917. 1918.
86,000.595 $24.055,680
' 1917. °1918.
$4.021.908 $5.642.665
Total China
112,022,104
301.223
102.106.682
89.984,946
25.518,428
140.777,343
10.082
105.277.743
159.188,127
32.140,262
41.665,105
2,083.314
28.396.043
7.734.439
977.645
49.507.271
1.068.735
42.381,902
8.798.297
1.086,919
Chosen
East Indies:
British — British India
Straits Settlements
Other British
Total British East Indies.
Dutch East Indies
217.610,056
62.011,236
296.606,132
79.718,233
332
404
18,086,274
284.945.439
888.084
3,649.663
156.981
222.039
20.031
37.108,127
21.139,305
116,755
75.296
14.224,275
130.427,061
419.530
130.206.338
1.128.872
167.515
400
52.267.118
19.777.504
316.790
8.663
20.217.638
267.730.637
119.714
34.718,541
1.146.484
305.557
14.099
French East Indies ».
Portuguese East Indies
Hongkong
7.512.396
208.127.478
1.027,659
4.018.169
109.442
313.999
38.615
Japan
Persia
Russia in Asia
Siam
Other Asia
Total Asia .
615.217,463
12.718,788
6.155,783
1.301.458
826,597,642
49.471.485
11.836.778
3.029.439
380.249.708
63.554,878
16.843,387
392,637
447.456.515
66.581.501
17.378,678
751.635
Oceania-
British Oceania : Australia. . . .
New Zealand
Other British
Total British Oceania
20.176.029
2,067,039
649.064
42.436.247
64.337.702
2.834.673
931.920
78.101.412
80.790,902
1.050.048
266.928
27.206.612
84.711.814
1.266.965
487,321
48.423.400
French Oceania
German Oceania
Philippine islands
Total Oceania
65,328.379
146.205.707
109.314.490
145
107.942
6.994,977
24.095,811
1.683,535
134.889.500
2.000
695.941
8.120.828
35.223.720
1.518.891
35.154
9.578,160
15.512,157
203.350
14.809
16,761,226
33.295,835
440.394
British Africa : West
South
East
Total British Africa
25,293.667
219,307
29.728.445
1.318.157
417.079
230.382
1.000
186.432
159.870
2.423.437
386
50.497,455
159,066
20.907.958
899.833
58.117
207,572
35,594
25,298
178,421
2.927.834
32.774.323
754.488
11.933.166
2.936.158
3.292
87.852
108.127
97.454
307.168
3.515.830
107.119
44.863.439
226.232
3.149,994
2.102.443
6.842
421
151.270
149.344
958.889
3.099.287
17.266
Canary islands
Egypt
French Africa
Italian Africa
Liberia
Spanish Africa
Total Africa
60.013.316
75.911.957
52.733.064
55.423.368
Grand total. . .
2.659.355,185
2.946.059.403
6.290.048.394
5.928.285.641
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MERCHANDISE BY CONTINENTS.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
EXPORTS.
North
South
Asia and
Year. Europe.
America.
America.
Oceania.
Africa.
Total.
1911.. $1,308,275,778
$457,059,179
$108,894.894
$151,483,241
$23,607.107
$2,049.320,199
1912. 1,341.732,789
516.837.597
132.310,451
189,398,148
24,043.424
2,204,322.409
1913.
1,479,074.761
617,413.013
146.147,993
194,159,465
29,088,917
2,465,884,149
1914.
1,486,498,729
528,644.962
124,539.909
196,994,033
27,901,515
2.364,579,148
1915.
1,971,434,687
477,075,727
99,323.957
192.235,218
28,519,751
2.768,589.340
1916.
2.999.305.097
733,024.674
180,175,374
377,386,709
43.591,031
4,333,482.885
1917.
4,324.512.661
1.163,758.100
259,480,371
489,564.198
52.733.064
6.290.048,394
1918.
3,738,231.162
1,237,720.614
314,564.482
582,346.015
55,423,368
5,928,285.641
IMPORTS
1911.
$768.167,760
$305,496,793 $182.623,750
$243.724.182
$27,213.620
$1,527,226,105
1912.
819,585,326
334,072.039
215.089,316
261.932,365
22,585.888
1,653,264.934
1913.
892.866.384
361,943,659
217,734.629
314,038,218
26,425,344
1,813,008,234
1914.
895,602.868
427,399,354
222,677.075
329,096.884
19,149.476
1,893,925,657
1915.
614,354.645
473,079,796
261.489,563
300,292,655
24.953.081
1.674.169.740
1916.
616,252,749
591.895,543
391,562,018
533,407,455
64,765.745
2,197.883,510
1917.
610,470.670
766.112,537
542.212.820
680,545,842
60.013,316
2,659,355,185
1918.
411,578,494
918,488,901
567,276,702
972.803.349
75,911.957
2.946.059.403
HEIGHT OF SOME FAMOUS STRUCTURES.
Structure. Feet.
Amiens cathedral 383
Bunker Hill monument... .221
Capitol. Washington 288
City hall. Philadelphia 535
Colog-ne cathedral 512
Eiffel tower 984
Structure.
Flprence cathedral.,
Fribourg cathedral.,
Milan cathedral
Pyramid. Great
Eouen cathedral....
Feet.
...387
...386
...360
...451
...464
Structure. Feet.
St. Paul's. London 404
St. Peter's, Rome 43,?
Strassburg cathedral 465
St. Stephen's, Vienna 47C
Washington monument 556
158
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
MANUFACTURES IN 1
[Bureau of cens
COMPARATIVE SI
1914. 1910.
Establishments 275793 268491
CHE UNITED STATESo
us report, 1917.]
JMMAIY, 1870-1914.
1900. 1890. 1880. 1870.
207,514 $355,415 J253.852 J252.148
364,120 461.009 ..
Salaried employes... 964^217 790^267
Wage earners* 7,036.337 6,615,016 4,712.763 4,25l'.613 2,732,595 " 2,053996
Capital $22,790,980,000 $18,428,270,000 $8,975-,256.000 $6,525,156,486 $2,790,272.606 $2,118 20S'769
Expenses $19,735,338,000 $18,454,090,000 £3.870,425,000 $8076485640
Wages $4>.079',332,000 $3,427*,038.'000 S
Materials $14,368,089,000 $12 142 791 000 i
2,008,ri,000 $1,S31,22S",321 $947,953,795 $775,584,343
6,575,851,000 $5,162,044,076 $3,396,823,549 $2,448,427,242
$905,442 000 $631 225 035
Miscellaneous $1,945,686,000
Value of products!. $24,246,323,000 $20,672,052,000 $]
'Average number. tGross value at factory,
not included in 1900 and 1910.
NOTE — The years are census years. The statist!
PER CENT INCREASE BY DECADES.
Est»bll.h-c lul Wage w Ma- Producu. Valu.
DPCUUO menta. earners. ^ term]?, added
1849-1859...... 14.1 89.4 37.0 60.0 85.8 85.0 84.1
1859-1869... . 79.6 67.8 66.6 63.8 93.0 79.5 63.3
1869-1879 0.7 64.7 33.0 52.8 90.6 74.5 41.4
1879-1889 40.0 133.8 55.6 99.5 52.0 74.5 113.4
1889-1899 44.1 50.4 24.8 22.7 42.3 38.7 34.3
1899-1909 29.4 105.3 40.4 70.6 84.6 81.2 76.6
1909-1914*... . 2.7 23.7 6.4 19.0 18.3 17.3 15.8
*Five year period.
1,406,927,000 ?9,372,437,283 $5,369,579,191 $4,232,325,442
^Included neighborhood hand and building trades;
:s are for the preceding calendar year in each case.
INDUSTRIES BY GROUPS (1914).
Group. Capital. Product.
Textiles 2,810848,000 3414,615,000
Iron and steel 4,281,998,000 3,223,144,000
Lumber 1 723 456 000 1 599 710 000
Leather 743347000 1104595000
Paper and printing 1,433,176,000 1,456,046,000
Liquors, beverages 1,015,715000 772080,000
Chemicals 3 034 209 000 2 001 634 000
Stone, clay, glass 987 ,'328,000 '614,'l62*.000
RANK OF LEADING INDUSTRIES IN 1914.
^Rank according to—,
Industry. *Men.fM»teri»li}Producti
Slaughtering meat packing 19 1
Metals (not irou and
steel) 1,013632000 1,417,042,000
Tobacco 303 840 000 490 165 000
Vehicles, land transport 803,496,'000 1,034*497,000
Railroad repair shops.. 417,706,000 552,618,000
Miscellaneous 2,047,842,000 1,749,418,000
All industries 22 790 980 000 24 246 435 000
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES.
Industry. Capital. Product.
Aeroplanes and parts., $401,000 $790,000
Agricultural implements 338,532,000 164,087,000
Ammunition ... 37 454 000 30 840 000
Cars 4 17 7
Automobiles 22 9
Bread bakery products 13 12 11
Artificial flowers 3 349*000 7*614*000
Artificial limbs 1*003*000 1 498*000
Clothing men's . 7 18 13
Artists* materials 2*947*000 3*238*000
Copper smelting, refining 74 5 14
Asbestos products. . 3 520 000 2 814*000
Liquors malt 24 30
Belting, 'rhose, rubber... 22,437,000 23,561.000
Boots, shoes, rubber... 46,051,000 53,822,000
Brooms . 8706000 14085000
Leather 25 10 18
Brushes 14*333*000 17'894*000
Electrical machinery 14 23 19
Buttons 19 075 000 20 712 000
Paper and wood pulp 21 19 20
Combs, hairpins ... 2 959 000 5 478*000
Blast furnaces 50 13 21
Dairy, poultry, apiary
supplies 21,281000 18950000
Toba«co, cigars and cigarettes.. 10 29 22
Planing mill products 20 21 23
Dental goods 10949000 16160000
Book, job printing 16 39 24
Electrical machinery... 355,725,000 335,170,000
Enameling 2128000 2166000
Sugar refining 101 14 25
Furniture 12 33 26
Engravers' materials... 352,000 768*. 000
Fancy articles, n. e. s. 11,879,000 17,659,000
Feathers, plumes .... 5 396 000 11 451 000
Hosiery knit goods 11 26 27
Silk goods 17 27 28
Butter 87 20 29
Fire extinguishers, chem. 675,000 ll298]ooO
Fireworks . . 2 162 000 2 °96 000
Rubber goods n. e. s 31 32 30
Gas 38 , 43 31
Foundry supplies 2*814*000 °*013*000
Fuel, manufactured l) 771*000 '863*000
Fur goods 29677000 43633000
Oil cotton seed,' cake 65 22 33
Liquors distilled 155 68 34
Furs, dressed 2490000 2*875*000
Cars§ 27 28 35
Graphite refined 3059000 1724*000
Hair work 2543000 3* 335*000
Lead, smelting, refining 137 24 37
Confectionery v 28 38 38
Hand stamps 2,273*000 3*383*000
Hat, cap materials ... 6 417 000 6 999 000
Agricultural implements 33 45 39
Hats, straw 12,589000 25*444*000
Housefurnishing goods.. 19,014,000 26,453,000
Ice, manufacture 174 309 000 60 386 000
Ohemicalc 46 40 42
Instruments, scientific,
etc 16742000 17495000
Fertilizers 62 36 43
Coffee, spice, roasting 126 34 44
Ivory, shell, bone work 1,160*000 l,*896,'ooo
Japanning 261,000 381000
Brick tile terra cotta 18 65 46
Jewelry, instrument,
cases 2 187 000 3 621 000
Automobile bodies parts 34 49 47
Soap 86 41 48
Lapidarv work 3613000 5360000
Glass 23 63 49
Mattresses, spring beds 24,922,000 38,717,000
Models, patterns (not
paper) 5,534,000 8605000
Millinery, lace goods 37 51 50
*Wage earners. tCost of. JValue of. §Cars
and general shop construction by steam railroad
companies.
Mucilape and paste 3,550,000 5,695,000
Musical instruments 3,858,000 3,625,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
159
Industry.
Capital.
Product.
State.
Wisconsin
Capital.
. $754,287,000
Product.
$695,172,000
$8,042,000
$6,297,000
Wyoming
29,270,000
11,224,000
101,746,000
62,775,000
Total, 1914
.22 790 980 000
24,246,435,000
21,201,000
19,876,000
Total 1909
.18 428 270 000
20,672 052 000
17,011,000
18,188,000
Total 1904
.12,676 581 000
14 793 903 000
67,432,000
35,678,000
10,670,000
8,328,000
Pens, fountain, stylo-
3,270,000
6,875,000
MANUFACTURES
City
IN CITIES
Capital
(1914).
33,771,000
27,116,000
. $111,313,000
$122,292,000
Photographic apparatus
4,397,000
4,273,000
Albany, N. Y
26 560 000
25,211,000
31,991,000
34,768,000
36 084 000
41 279 000
3,232,000
4,220,000
177 301 000
215 172 OV)0
23,645,000
27,978,000
Battle Creek Mich
. 19 893 000
23 248 000
Rubber goods, n. e. s.
199,183,000
223,611,000
92,752,000
98,234,000
5,279,000
4,328,000
18,237,000
18,360 000
132,712,000
66,217,000
55 844 000
43 144 000
Shipbuilding, wood
23,348,000
22,465,000
. 215,177,000
284,802,000
Signs, adv. novelties..
21,288,000
24,792,000
81,483,000
85,126,000
Soda water apparatus..
10,419,000
8,781,000
Buffalo, N. Y
. 243,290,000
247,516,000
8,468,000
13,235,000
101 461 000
71,824 000
Stationery goods, n. e. s.
18,186,000
21,9»3,000
48,999,000
57,484,000
17,708,000
14,213,000
37 986 000
43,713,000
863,000
1,103,000
20 392 000
34 989 000
Surgical appliances
11,883,000
14,920,000
25,148,000
21,021,000
266,000
327,000
Chicago 111
. 1,190 069 000
1,483,498,000
Toys and games
10,484,000
13,757,000
23 501 000
28,869 000
Umbrellas and canes...
9,649,000
13,813,000
Cincinnati O
157,468,000
210,860,000
Washing machines, etc.
7,298,000
7,600,000
Cleveland O
. 312,909,000
352,418,000
Whips
3,050,000
3,162,000
52 098 000
57 608 000
6,426,000
5,497,000
23 489 000
31 065 000
Window shades
All other
11,526,000
3,481,000
17,444,000
1,104,000
Denver, Col
71,541,000
44,679,000
71,071,000
46,982,000
Total
2,047,842,000
1,749,418,000
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
293,493,000
19,617,000
38,706,000
400,348,000
19,729,000
41,624,000
MANUFACTUEBS
BY STATES
(1914).
East St. Louis, III....
Elizabeth N. J
28,322,000
32,244 000
26,905,000
31,228,000
State.
Capital.
Product.
38,530,000
29,447,000
$227,505,000
$178,798,000
24,666,000
31,427,000
40,300,000
64,090,000
Fall River, Mass
89,290,000
64,663,000
77,162,000
83,940,000
24,881,000
23,983,000
736 106 000
712,801 000
Flint Mich
. .27,151000
63,375,000
181,776,000
136,839,000
Fort ' Wayne, Ind
31,167,000
30,205,000
620,194,000
545,472,000
Grand Rapids, Mich...
46,843,000
49,792,000
69,394,000
56,035,000
24,042,000
20,584,000
District of Columbia...
40 810,000
28,978 000
53,825,000
42,831,000
Florida
88,319,000
81,112,000
Hoboken, N. J
19,771,000
23,461,000
258,326,000
253,271,000
61,668,000
44,041,000
44,961,000
28,454,000
Houston, Tex
25,443,000
25,868,000
Illinois
1,943,836 000
2,247,323 000
87,569,000
139,700,000
668,863 000
730,795,000
Jersey City, N. J
. 150,783,000
164,528,000
233 128 000
310 750 000
36,707,000
60,974,000
163,790,000
323,234,000
Joliet, 111
28,928,000
30,091,000
193,423,000
230,249,000
18,529,000
20,214,000
261,635,000
255,313,000
56,012,000
169,700,000
233,844,000
200,450 000
53,341,000
60,953,000
293,211,000
377 749 000
26,530 000
28,341,000
1,396 722 000
1 641 373 000
23 174 000
26 984,000
869 143,000
1 086 163 000
99 640 000
73,178 000
354,434,000
493,354,000
38,360,000
29,110,000
81,006,000
79 550,000
. 101,681,000
103,458,000
622,548 000
637,952 000
89,957 000
105,223,000
79,246 000
84 446 000
68 715,000
56 049,000
121 008 000
221 616 000
44 253 000
69,783 000
Nevada
13,591 000
16 083 000
33 469 000
56 800 000
156 749 000
182 844 000
42 482 000
33 743 000
New Jersey
New Mexico
1,352,382,000
8,984 000
1,406,633,000
9 320 000
Memphis, Tenn
44,435,000
19,757 000
39,133,000
16,746,000
New York
3,334 278 000
3 814 661 000
. 240 780 000
223,555,000
North Carolina
253,842 000
289 412 000
. 109 040 000
187,854 000
14,213,000
21,147 000
Moline, 111
34,179,000
19,125,000
Ohio
1 677 552 000
1 782 808 000
28 966 000
• 38 276 000
65 478 000
109>006'oOO
214 169 000
210 601 000
Oregon
139 500 000
109 762 000
88 244 000
65 575,000
Pennsylvania
3 149 411 000
2 832 350 000
26 872 000
38 385 000
Rhode Island
308 445 000
279 546 000
65 746 000
57 752 000
South Carolina
203,211 000
138 891 000
53 989 000
60,814 000
South Dakota
15 060 000
24 139 000
New York N Y
1 026 104 000
2 292 832 OflO
Tennessee
211 423 000
212 071 000
Niagara Falls N Y
64 221 000
' 44*817'000
Texas .
283 544 000
361 279 000
51 264 000
66 438 000
Utah
71 843 000
87 112 000
36 411 000
28 522 000
Vermont
79 847 000
76 991 000
48 659 OWO
63 268 000
Virginia
261,501,000
264 039 000
74 161 000
78,439,000
Washington
277 715 000
245 396 000
50 354 000
42 029 000
West Virginia
175,995,000
193,512,000
Peoria. 111...
82.509,000
64.689,000
160
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
City.
Perth Amboy, N. J....
Philadelphia Pa
Capital.
$61,814,000
772,696,000
Product.
$148,960,000
784,500,000
City.
South Bethlehem, Pa...
South Omaha, Neb
Capital.
$68,793,000
26,648,000
Product.
$40,179.000
106,025,000
Pittsburgh Pa
309,217,009
246,694,000
Spokane, Wash
18,891,000
16,636,000
48,670 000
55,697,000
Springfield, Mass
45,753,000
44,429,000
119 673 000
115,335,000
Springfield, O
32 401 000
27 722,000
67,635,000
43,632,000
Syracuse, N. Y
63,820,000
52,164,000
45,334 000
53,232,000
Tacoma, Wash
28,287,000
27,708,000
Richmond, Va
39,940,000
62,491,000
Terre Haute, Ind
13,920,000
25,699,000
127 489 000
140 697 000
Toledo O
91 149 000
115 049 000
Rockford 'ill
38 853,000
26,371,000
Trenton, N. J
55 345 000
54 829 000
St Paul Minn
76,790,000
68,682,000
Troy, N. Y
42,380,000
39,930,000
314,728,000
360,480,000
Utica, N. Y
30,672,000
30 490 000
Salt Lake City Utah
19 247 000
16,663 000
Waterbury, Conn
50 288 000
50 659 000
57,388,000
48,763,000
Wheeling, W. Va
26,858,000
27,879,000
25,152,000
28,722,000
Wilkesbarre, Pa
19,014 000
16 734,000
145 622 000
162,300,000
Wilmington, Del
46 400 000
39 403 000
Seattle Wash
61,317,000
64,475,000
Winston-Salem, N. C...
25,703,000
37,288 000
21,481,000
17,509,000
Worcester, Mass
79,243,000
82 829 000
22 610,000
49,479,000
Yonkers, N. Y
59,409,000
67 223 000
20 896 000
43 971,000
York, Pa
29 362,000
22 043 000
21 512 000
31 180 000
130 102,000
92 111 000
GOVERNMENT RECLAMATION PROJECTS.
June 30. 1917.
TSource : United Stalest .reclamation service, department of
State. _ Project.
Arizona ........................... Salt River ..........................
Arizona-California ............... Yuma ..............................
California ......................... Orland . ... ..........................
«„!„„. J Grand Valley ........................
Colorado ........................ JUncompahgre Valley ................
( Boise ...............................
Idaho
' Minidoka
Idaho-Wyoming: .. , ............... Jackson Lake.
.Garden ~"
the interior.]
Area.* Cost.t
219,691 814,440,874
127.427
20,533
53.000
100.000
277.366
16.000
120,800
asas
City.
fHuntley
Milk river
„ . J Sun river
Montana • ] Blackf eet
Plathead
^Fort Peck
Montana-North Dakota Lower Yellowstone
Nebraska-Wyoming North Platte
Nevada Truckee-Carson
New Mexico ) gao^ad.V.V.V.V.V.V.V.V
New Mexico-Texas RTiot?r^?die't- • "••
North Dakota North Dakota pumping-.
Oklahoma Lawtq n
Oregon Umatilla
Oregon-California IP?,111^*1 ' M
South Dakota Belle Fourche..
Utah . . . Strawberry valley
fOkanogan
J Yakima — Storage unit . . .
| Sunnyside unit
«• Tieton unit
Wyoming- .Shoshone
10.677
32.986
220.000
173.945
122.500
152.000
152.000
60,116
229.891
206.000
24.775
10.000
155.000
26.273
2.500
36.300
142.796
97,916
50.000
10.099
Washington
110,828
34.000
147.326
Totals ^ 3.142,745
•Estimated on completion, t Gross cost.
CROPS ON IRRIGATED FARMS.
Year. Acres. Value.* •
1910 475.000 $12,500,000
1911 560.000 13.000.000
1912 645.000 14.500.000
1913 700.000 16,000^100
Year, Acres.
1914 770,000
1915 857.000
1916 1.010.000
•Value of crops.
9.051,466
1,011.345
3.083.093
6.794,158
12,487.390
4,183
5.785,028
758.756
385.467
1.593,001
5,221,197
3,259.587
1.002.378
2.561,551
546.501
2,898,268
8.069,893
6,035.832
1.253.580
381.621
7,206,914
739,880
13.646
2,345.226
2.860,962
3,456,560
3,384.529
843,243
2.873,595
3,151.491
3.200.274
4,996,872
121.698,361
Value.*
$16.500,000
19.000.000
35.000,000
HAGENBECK-WALLACE
While on its way from Michigan City, Ind..
to Hammond, Ind.. the second section of a
train on the Michigan Central railroad, carry-
ing the equipment and employes of the Hagen-
beck-Wallace circus, was forced by a hot box
to pull into a sidetrack at Ivanhoe switch tow-
er half way between Gary and Hammond at 4
o'clock in the morning- of June 22. 1918. This
section consisted in part of four remodeled Pull-
mans occupied by employes of the circus. It
had not entirely left the main track when a
CIRCUS TRAIN WRECK.
westbound train of empty troop cars crashed
into it. smashing the four Pullmans into bits
and killing1 or injuring nearly all the sleeping
passeng-ers. Sixty-eight persons lost their lives
and 127 were injured. After a careful investi-
gation the bureau of safety in Washington
placed the blame for the wreck on Al Sargent,
engineer on the locomotive of the troop train,
who was charged with being asleep at th»
throttle when the accident occurred.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
161
IMMIGRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES.
Races.
African (black)
Armenian
Bohemian* ...
Bulg-ariant . . .
Chinese
Croatian t
Cuban
Dalmatian! ...
Dutch&Flemish
East Indian....
English
Finnish
French ;..
German
Greek
Hebrew
Irish
Italian (north)
Italian (south)
Japanese
Korean
Lithuanian ....
Magyar
Mexican
Paciflcislander.
Polish
Portuguese . . .
Roumanian . . .
Russian
Ruthenian ....
Scandinavian. .
Scotch
Slovak
Spanish
Spanish -Am — >
Syrian
Turkish
Welsh
West Indian...
Other peoples..
Fiscal years ended
1910. 1911. 1912. 1913.
4,906 6,721 6.759 6.634
6,508
8.46
9.353
11.091
9,087
2.022
42.499
3.099
4,520
14.507
188
55,522
12.756
20,652
80.865
38,644
3.092 5.222
9,223 8,439
15,130 10,222 10,657
1,770 1.307 1.608
39.562 18.982 24.366
3.331 3,914 3.155
4,911 4,400 3.672
13,012 13.862 10.935
1,782 517 165
53,498 57,258 49.689
15.736 9,779 6.641
21,107 18.132 18,382
71,380 66,471 65,343
39.135 37.021 31.566
84,260 91,223 80,595 101,330
38,382 40,246 33,922 37,023
30.780 30.312 26.443 42.534
192.673 159.638 135.830 231.613
2,798 4.575 6.172 8,302
19 8 33 64
22,714 17,027 14.078 24,647
27,302 19,996 23.599 30,610
17,760 18.784 22.001 10.954
61 12 3 11
128,348 71.446 85.163 174.365
7,657 7.469 9.403 13.566
14.199 5,311 8.329
17,294 18.721 22.558
27,907 17,724 21.965
52.037 45.859 31.601
24.612 25,625 20.293
32.416 21.415 25,281
5,837 8,068 9.070
900
6.317
1,283
2.244
1.150
1,153 1.342
5.444 5.525
918 1,336
2.248
1.141
2.239
1.132
3.330 3,323 3.660'
13.451
51.472
30.588
38.737
21,293
27.234
9.042
1.363
9,210
2.015
2,820
1,171
3,038
June 30.
1914.
8.447
7.785
9.928
15.084
2.354
37.284
3.539
5.149
12,566
172
51,746
12.805
18.166
79,871
45.881
138.051
33,898
44.802
251,612
8.941
152
21.584
44,538
13.089
122.657
9.647
24.070
44.957
36.727
36,053
18.997
25.819
11.064
1.544
9.023
2,693
2.558
1.396
3.830
1915.
5.660
932
1.651
3,506
2.469
1.942
3.402
305
6.675
82
38.662
3.472
12.636
20.729
15.187
26.497
23.503
10.660
46.557
8.609
146
2.638
3.604
10.993
6
9.065
4.376
1.200
4.459
2.933
24.263
14.310
2.069
5,705
1,667
1.767
273
1.390
823
1.877
1916.
4.576
964
642
3.146
2.239
791
3.442
114
6.443
80
36,168
5.649
19.518
11.555
26.792
15.108
20.636
4.905
33.909
8.711
154
599
981
17.198
5
4,502
12,208
953
4.858
1.365
19.172
13.515
577
9.259
1.881
676
216
983
948
3.388
1917.
7,971
1.221
327
1.134
1.843
305
3.428
94
5.393
69
32.246
5,900
24.405
9.682
25.919
17,342
17.462
3.796
35.154
8.925
194
479
434
16,438
10
3.109
10.194
522
3.711
1.211
19.596
13.350
244
15.019
2,587
976
454
793
1.369
2.097
1918.
5.706
221
74
150
1.576
33
1.179
15
2,200
61
12.980
1.867
6.840
1.992
2.602
3,672
4.657
1.074
5.234
10.168
149
135
32
17,602
17
668
2.319
155
1.513
49
8.741
5.204
35
7.909
2.231
210
24
278
732
314
Total 1,041,570 878,587 838.172 1.197,892 1,218.480 326,700 298.826 295.403 110.618
'Includes Moravian, tlncludes Serbian and Montenegrin. ^Includes Slovenian. {Includes
Bosnian and Herzegovinian.
IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRY.
1917.
857
401
398
151
Country. 1917. 1918.
Austria 857 63
Hungary 401 8
Belgium 398 73
Bulgaria* 151 19
Denmark 2.744 1.630
France 3.187 1.798
German empire 1,857 447
Greece 23.974 1.910
Italy t 34,596 5.250
Netherlands 2.235 944
Norway 4.659 2,578
Portugal.* 9,975 2,224
Roumania 66 59
Russia! 12.716 4.242
Spainll 10.232 4.295
Sweden 6.368 2,298
Switzerland 911 331
Turkey (Europe) 152 15
United kingdom —
England 8.354 2,037
Ireland 5.406 331
Scotland 1.868 260
Wales 513 219
Other Europe 1,463 42
Total Europe 133,083 31,063
China 2.237 1.795
Japan 8,991 10,213
India 109 130
Turkey in Asia 393 43
Other Asia 1,026 520
Total Asia 12,756 12.701
Africa 566 299
Australia** 1,014 925
Pacific islands (n.s.) 128 165
Country. 1917
British North America 105.399
Central America 2,073
Mexico 17.869
South America 6.931
West Indies 15,507
Other countries 77
1918.
32,452
2.220
18.524
3.343
8,879
47
Grand total 295,403 110.618
•Including Serbia and Montenegro, flnclud-
ing Sicily and Sardinia, ilncluding Cape Verde
and Azore islands. ^Including- Finland. ||In-
cluding- Canary and Balearic islands. **Includ-
ing Tasmania and New Zealand.
IMMIGRATION BY MONTHS.
Fiscal year 1918.
July 9,367
August 10.047
September 9,228
October 9.284
November 6.446
December 6,987
January 6,356
February 7,388
March 6.510
April 9.541
May 15.217
June 14.247
Total 110,618
DEPORTATION OF ALIENS.
The' following table shows the deportation
of aliens from the United States after entry
by fiscal years:
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
199
263
356
363
465
547
779
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
. 845
. 676
. 995
.2,069
.2,124
.2.695
.2,788
1912...
1913...
1914...
1915...
1916...
1917...
1918...
.2.450
.3.461
.4.737
.2.670
.2.906
.1.922
.1.619
162
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
IMMIGRATION SINCE 1880.
Years ended June 30.
1893.502.917
1894.285.631
1895.258.536
1896.343.267
1897.230.832
1898.229,299
1899.311.715
1900.448.572
1901.487.918
1902.648.743
1903.857.046
1904.815.361
1905.1026499
1906.1.100,735
1907.1,285,349
1908.
1909.
782,870
751.786
1910.1,041,570
1911.
1912.
878.587
838,172
1880.457.257
1881.669,431
1882.788.992
1883.603.322
1884.518,592
1885.395.346
1886.334,203
1887.490.109
1888.546,889
1889.444.427
1890.455,302
1891.560.319
1892.623.084 .
The total recorded immigration
United States since the organization of the
grovernment is 33,058,971 persons.
DESTINATION OF IMMIGRANTS (1918).
1913.1.197,892
1914.1,218,480
1915.
1916.
1,917.
1918.
326.700
298,826
295.403
110,618
into the
Alabama . .
Alaska
Arizona ....
Arkansas ..
California .
Colorado ...
Connecticut
Delaware . .
Dist. Columbia
Florida
Georgia
182
151
2,430
74
12.098
573
1.795
64
858
1,459
146
..'evada
N. Hampshire
New Jersey. .
New Mexico.
New York. . .
N. Carolina..
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma ....
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
160
1,008
2,637
644
27.384
69
510
1,755
111
962
3.514
Hawaii . . .
Idaho
Illinois ....
Indiana ...
Iowa
Kansas . . .
Kentucky .
Louisiana .
Maine ....
Maryland .
Massachusetts
Michigan ,
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri ..
Montana ..
Nebraska .
3.100
425
2.748
433
530
249
65
1.742
1,733
588
9.638
5,895
1.627
74
489
725
304
Philippine isl. .
Porto Rico....
Rhode Island..
S. Carolina....
South Dakota.
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Virgin islands.
Washington ...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming
27
327
1.027
50
143
93
12.288
513
1,001
1.554
7
3,652
292
571
124
Total 110.618
INWARD PASSENGER MOVEMENT (1918).
Immigrant Nonimmigrant U.S. Aliens
debarred. "
Male . ,
Female
61,880 81,231 52,175 4,683 199,969
48,738 20.004 20.692 2.614 92.048
Total ..(110,618 101,235 72.867 7,297 292,017
OUTWARD PASSENGER MOVEMENT (1918).
Emigrant Nonemigrant U. 8.
aliens. aliens. citizens. Total.
Male .......71,352 81.500 244,877 397,729
Female ...23.233 17.183 30.960 71.376
Total ....94,585 98,683 275.837 469.105
Calendar
year.
FAILURES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From Dun'e Review. New York.]
/ — 1st Quar. — x , — 2d Quar — 4 , 3d Quar. v , — 4th Quar ^
No. Amt. of No. Amt. of No. Amt. of No. Amt. of
fail- llabili- fail- liabili- fail- liabili- fail- liabili-
ures. ties. tires. ties. ures. ties. ures. ties.
1900 2894 $33,022,573 2438 $41.724.879 2519 $27,119,996 2923 536,628,225
1901 3335 31,703,486 2424 24.101,204 2324
1902 3418 33,731,758 2747 26,643,098 2511
1903 3200 34,344.433 2248 32,452,827 2548
1904 3344 48,066,721 2870 31,424,188 2969
1905 3443 30,162,505 2767 25,742,080 2596
24,756,172 2919 32,531,514
25,032,634 2939 32,069,279
34,858,595 3893 53,788,330
32,168,296 3016 32,543,106
20,329,443 2714 26,442,144
1906!'.!'.!'.!!'.!'. 3102 33',76l',107 2510 28',902',967 2300 2l',996!l63 2770 34',54l!278
1907 8136 32,075,591 2481 38,411,880 2483
1908 4909 75,706,191 3860 58,797,264 3457
1909 3850 44,460,950 2981 44,080,423 2836
1910 3525 73,079.154 2863 39,160,152 3011
1911 3985 59,651.761 3076 44,046,590 2880
1912 4828 63,012,323 3849 44,999,900 3499
1913 4458 76,832,277 3705 56,076,784 3549
1914 4826 83,221,826 3518101,577,905 4497
1915 7216105,703,335 5524 82,884.200 4548
1916 5387 61,492,746 4108 49,748,676 3755
1917 3937 52,307.099 3551 42,414,257 3249
1918 3240 49,195,300 2589 38,013,262 ....
46,467,686 3635 81,348,877
55,302,690 3524 42,638,161
27,594,498 3257 36,967,594
42,177,998 3253 47,339,793
35,167,269 3500 52.196,045
45,532,137 3636 49,573,031
63,837,315 4325 75,925,912
86,818,291 5439 85,990,838
52,876,525 4868 60,822,068
43,345,286 3743 41,625,549
47,228,682 3118 40,490,333
^— /Total for year. ,
No. Amt. of Average
fail- liabili- liabili-
ures. ties. ties.
10,774 $138,495,673 $12,854
11,145 113,092,376 10.279
11,615 117,476,769 10,114
12,069 155,444,185 12,879
12.199 144,202,311 11.820
11,520 102,676,172 8,913
10,682 119,201,515 11,159
11,725 197,385,225 16,834
15,690 222,315,684 14,169
12,924 154,603,465 11.954
12,652 201,757,097 15,947
13,441 191,061,665 14,215
15,452 203,117,391 13,115
16,037 272,672,288 17,003
18,280 357,908,859 19,579
22,156 302,286.148 13,644
16,993 196,212,256 11,547
13,855 182,441,371 13,168
WORLD'S SHIPS. RAILWAYS, TELEGRAPHS AND CABLES.
[Report of the bureau of statistics, Washington. D. C.]
Development by decades oi carrying power, commerce and means of communication from
1800 to 1916.
Year.
1800.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
1916.
, Commerce. x
Total. Per cap.
$1,479.000 $2.31
1.659.000 2.13
1,981.000 2.34
2,789,000 2.93
4,049.000. 3.76
7.246.000 6.01
10.663,000 8.14
14.761,000 10.26
17,519.000 11.80
20.105,000 13.33
33,634.000 20.81
46.523.000 27.50
, Vessel tonnage. ^
Sail, Steam. Total,
tons. tons. tons.
4,026,000 4,026,000
5.814.000 20,000 5,834,000
7,100,000 111,000 , 7,211.000
9,012,000 368,000 9.380.000
11.470,000 864,000 12.334.000
14.890.000 1,710,000 16.600,000
12,900,000 3,040,000 15.940.000
14,400,000 5,880.000 20.280,000
12,640,000 G.295.000 20,935.000
8,119.000 13.856.000 21.975.000
4,366,000 23.392.000 28,298.000
3.435.000 27.858.000 31.293.000
Rail-
ways,
miles.
Tele-
graphs,
miles.
Cables,
miles.
200
5,400
24.000
67.400
139.900
224.900
390.000
500.000
637.000
720.300
5.000
100.000
281.000
440.000
768,000
1,180.000
1,307.000
1.322.000
25
1.500
15.000
49.000
132.000
200.000
291.000
PRODUCTION OF
The output of fuel briquets In the United
States in 1917 was 406,856 'net tons, valued
at 82.233.888. an increase over 1916 of 111,-
701 tons, or 38 per cent, in quantity, and of
$788.226, or 55 per cent, in value, again
breaking the record of the previous year.
According- to C. E. Lesher of the United
States geological survey, the demand for fuel
FUEL BRIQUETS.
in 1917 was so strong- throughout the whole
year that there was no lack of market to
limit the production of the briquet manufac-
turers. Despite the increased cost of binders
and of manufacturing, most of the plants
operated to full capacity and reported a pros-
perous year.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
163
UNITED STATES COAST GUABD.
ADMINISTRATION. 1918.
Captain commandant — Ellsworth P. Bertholf.
General superintendent — Sumner I. Kimball.
Chief of division of operations — Oliver H.
Maxam.
Assistant chief of division of operations —
Thomas A. Gray.
Chief of division of material— George H. Slay-
baugh.
Assistant chief of division of material — Ken-
dall J. Minot.
Superintendent of construction and repair —
Senior Captain Howard Emery.
Engineer in chief — Charles A. McAllister.
Inspector — Senior Captain Daniel P. Foley.
OPERATIONS IN 1917.*
Lives saved 2.153
Persons on bpard vessels assisted 13,796
Persons in distress cared for... 841
Vessels boarded and papers ex-
amined 20.317
Vessels seized or reported for
violation of law 857
Fines and penalties incurred by
vessels reported $205.429.00
Regattas and marine parades
patrolled 30
Derelicts removed or destroyed.. 11
Vessels to which assistance was
given 1.584
Value of vessels assisted 814,960.910.00
Value of derelicts recovered 850.000.00
Appropriation for 1917 85,367.600.00
Expended for maintenance and
repairs 86,074.470.32
•Fiscal year ended June 30.
FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES.
Under an act of congress approved Jan. 28,
1915, it was provided that in lieu of the then
existing revenue cutter service and life saying
service there should be established an organiza-
tion to be known as the coast guard which
was to constitute a part of the military forces
of the United States, operating under the sec-
retary of the navy in time of war and under
the treasury department in time of peace.
Since April 6, 1917, the coast guard has been
under the navy department. The revenue cut-
ter service had existed since 1790. while the
life saving service had its beginning in 1848.
although it was not made into a separate es-
tablishment until June 18. 1878. The con-
solidation of the two services was completed
in 1915. The coast guard being a part of
the military forces of the government, the
military system of the former revenue cutter
service was utilized as a basis for the organ-
ization of the coast guard. The transfer of
the personnel of the former life saving service
to the coast guard was accomplished by issuing
appointments as commissioned officers, warrant
officers and petty officers to the district super-
intendents, keepers and No. 1 surfmen, re-
spectively, and regularly enlisting the surfmen.
The total authorized complement of warrant
officers, petty officers and men is 3.886. The
pay of the commissioned personnel, except for
the grade of district superintendent, corre-
sponds with the pay and allowances of like
rank in the army. The pay of warrant offi-
cers and enlisted men remains the same as
before the consolidation of the services. War-
rant officers are appointed by the secretary
of the treasury and hold their appointments
during good behavior. Petty officers and other
men are enlisted for periods of one year. War-
rant and petty officers receive 10 per cent in-
crease for every five years of service, not to
exceed 40 per cent in all. Enlisted men re-
ceive an increase for each three years of con-
tinuous service up to and including fifteen
years.
The authorized commissioned personnel of
the coast guard is 270. divided into the fol-
lowing'grades: One captain commandant, 6
senior captains, 31 captains, 37 first lieuten-
ants, 94 second and third lieutenants, 1
engineer in chief. 6 captains of engineers.
28 first lieutenants and 51 second and third
lieutenants of engineers, 2 constructors with,
rank of first lieutenant. 1 district super-
intendent with relative rank of captain, 3 dis-
trict superintendents with relative rank of first
lieutenant, 4 district superintendents with rela-
tive rank of second lieutenant, and 6 district
superintendents with relative rank of third
lieutenant. A coast guard academy is main-
tained in New London. Conn. June 30, 1915.
there were seven cadets of the line and six
cadet engineers at the academy. The school
course extends over three years and embraces
instruction in professional and academic sub-
jects. Admission is by competitive examina-
tion and candidates must be not less than 18
nor more than 24 years of age. Candidates
for the engineer corps must be not less than
21 nor more than 26 years of age.
By law the officers of the revenue cutter
service rank as follows:
Captain commandant, with colonel in army
and captain in navy.
Senior captain and engineer in chief, with
lieutenant-colonel in army and commander in
the navy.
Captain and captain of engineers, with major
in army and lieutenant-commander in navy.
First lieutenant and first lieutenant pf engi-
neers, with captain in army and senior lieu-
tenant in navy.
Second lieutenant and second lieutenant of en-
gineers, with first lieutenant in army and
junior lieutenant in navy.
Third lieutenant and third lieutenant of engi-
neers, with second lieutenant in army and
ensign in navy.
DUTIES OF COAST GUARD.
In general the duties of the coast guard may
be classified as follows:
1. Rendering assistance to vessels in distress
and saving life and property.
2. Destruction or removal of wrecks, dere-
licts and other floating dangers to navigation.
3. Extending medical aid to United States
vessels engaged in deep sea fisheries.
4. Protection of the customs revenue.
5. Operating as a part of the navy in time
of war or when the president shall direct.
6. Enforcement of law and regulations gov-
erning anchorage of vessels in navigable
waters.
7. Enforcement of law relative to (quaran-
tine and neutrality.
8. Suppression of mutinies on merchant ves-
sels.
9. Enforcement of navigation and other laws
governing merchant' vessels and motor boats.
10. Enforcement of law to provide for safety
of life on navigable waters during regattas and
marine parades.
11. Protection of game and the seal and
other fisheries in Alaska, etc.
12. Enforcement of sponge fishing law.
In addition to the foregoing the services of
the coast guard include many other things,
such as warning vessels running into danger,
medical and surgical aid to the sick and in-
jured, recovery and burial of bodies cast up
by the waters, extinguishing fires, maintenance
of public order, acting as pilots in emergencies
and furnishing transportation to other branches
of the public service.
EQUIPMENT.
The equipment of the coast guard consists
of twenty-four cruising cutters, eighteen har-
bor cutters and 279 coast stations. The sta-
tions are distributed as follows: First district
(Maine and New Hampshire). 15; second dis-
trict (Massachusetts). 32: third district (Rhode
Island and Fishers island). 10: fourth district
(Long island). 30: fifth district (New Jersey).
164
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
41; sixth district (coast between Delaware and
Chesapeake bays), 19; seventh district (Vir-
ginia south of Chesapeake bay). 34; eighth
district (South Carolina. Georgia and east
coast ol Florida). 9; ninth district (coast of
United States on Gulf of Mexico), 8; tenth
district (Lakes Erie and Ontario and Louis-
ville, Ky.), 12; eleventh district (Lakes Huron
and Superior), 19: twelfth district (Lake
Michigan), 31; thirteenth district (California,
Oregon, Washington and Nome. Alaska). 19.
Following are the names, dates of construc-
tion (in parentheses), chief dimensions, ton-
nage, armament, speed and headquarters of the
vessels of the coast guard:
Cruising Cutters.
Acushnet (1908)— Length. 152 feet; beam, 29
feet: draft, 13 feet 9 inches: displacement,
800 tons: two one-pounder guns; speed, 12%
knots: Woods Hole. Mass.
Algonquin (1898)— Length. 205 feet 6 inches;
beam. 32 feet: draft, 13% feet; displace-
ment. 1,181 tons: four six-pounder guns;
speed, 16 knots: San Juan. P. R.
Androscoggin (1908)— Length. 210 feet: beam.
35 feet 2 inches; draft, 17% feet; displace-
ment. 1,600 tons; four six-pounder guns;
Portland. Me.
Apache (1891)— Length, 188 feet: beam, 29
feet: draft, 9 feet 3 inches: displacement,
700 tons; three three-pounder guns; Balti-
more. Md.
Bear (1874)— Length, 198 feet; beam, 28%
feet: draft, 18 feet 2 inches: displacement
1.700 tons; speed, 8 knots: three six-pounder
grins; San Diego, Cal.
Gresham (1897)— Length. 205% feet: beam,
32 feet: draft, 12% feet: displacement. 1,090
tons: speed, 17 knots: four six-pounder guns;
Boston. Mass.
Itasca (1893)— Length, 189% feet: beam. 32
leet; draft. 13 feet 10 inches: displacement,
980 tons; speed, 14% knots; four eix-
pounder guns: practice ship.
Manning (1897)— Length. 205 feet: beam. 32
feet: draft, 13 leet 9 inches: displacement.
1,150 tons; speed, 17 knots; four six-pounder
guns: Astoria, Ore.
Mohawk (1902)— Length, 205% ieet; beam,
32 feet; draft. 12 feet 7 inches: displace-
ment, 1,150 tons: four six-pounder guns;
New York, N. Y.
Morrill (1889)— Length, 145 feet 3 inches:
beam. 24 feet; draft. 9% feet; displacement,
420 tons; one three-pounder grun; Detroit,
Mich.
Onondaga (1898)— Length, 205% leet: beam.
32 feet : draft. 13 feet 2 inches ; displace-
ment. 1,190 tons: four six-pounder guns:
Norfolk. Va.
Ossipee (1915)— Length, 165 leet 10 inches:
beam, 32 feet: draft, 11 leet 6 inches:
displacement, 908 tons: lour rapid-fire six-
pounder grins: speed, 12% knots: Port-
land. Me.
Pamlico (1907)— Length. 158 leet: beam, 30
leet; dralt, 5 leet 8 inches: displacement,
450 tons: two three-pounder guns: Newbern,
N. C.
Seminole (1900) — Length, 188 feet: beam.
29% feet; draft. 11 feet 8 inches: displace-
ment, 845 tons: nominal speed. 16% knots;
lour six-pounder gruns; Wilmington, N. C.
Seneca (1908)— Length, 204 feet; beam, 34
feet: dralt, 17 leet 3 inches: displacement.
1,445 tons; speed, 12% knots; lour six-
pounder guns; used exclusively as a derelict
destroyer; New York. N. Y.
Snohomish (1907) — Length, 152 leet: beam,
29 leet; dralt, 15 leet 5 inches: displace-
ment, 880 tons; two one-pounder guns; used
chiefly lor life saving- purposes on north
Pacific coast; Port Angeles, Wash.
Tallapoosa (1915) — Length, 165 feet 10
inches; beam. 32 feet: draft, 11 leet 6
inches; displacement, 912 t9ns:, speed, 12%
knots: oil burner; four rapid-fire six-pound-
ers; Mobile. Ala.
Tampa (1912)— Length, 190 feet: beam, 32%
feet; draft. 14 feet 1 inch: displacement.
1,300 tons; three six-pounder guns; speed.
12% knots. (Sunk Sept. 26, 1918.)
Tuscarora (1902)— Length. 178 leet: beam, 30
feet; draft, 10 leet 11 inches: displacement,
740 tons: one three-pounder gun; Milwau-
kee, Wis.
Unalga (1912)— Length, 190 leet: beam. 32%
leet: dralt, 14 leet 1 inch: displacement,
1.180 tons: speed, 12% knots; three six-
pounder guns: Seattle, Wash.
Yamacraw (1909)— Length. 191 leet 8 inches:
beam, 32% leet; dralt, 13 leet: displace-
ment, 1,080 tons; lour six-pounders. Savan-
nah. Ga.
Harbor Cutters and Launches.
Arcata (1903)— Tug: length, 85 leet: displace-
ment, 140 tons: Port Townsend, Wash.
Calumet (1894)— Harbor boat; length, 94%
leet: displacement. 170 tons; New York.
N. Y.
Davey (1908)— Harbor vessel; length, 92%
leet; displacement, 180 tons: New Orleans.
La.
Golden Gate (1896)— Harbor vessel: length.
110 leet: displacement. 240 tons; San Fran-
cisco. Cal.
Guide (1907)— Motor boat, length, 70 ieet:
New York. N. Y.
Guthrie (1895)— Harbor vessel: length. 88
feet: displacement. 150 tons: Baltimore. Md.
Hudson (1893)— Harbor vessel; length, 96%
feet: displacement. 180 tons: New York.
N. Y.
Mackinac (1903)— Harbor vessel: length. 110
feet: displacement. 240 tons: Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich.
Manhattan (1873)— Harbor vessel: length. 102
feet: displacement.' 145 tons; New York.
N. Y.
Tiogra (1916)— Harbor vessel: length, 81 Ieet
3 inches: Baltimore, Md.
Winnisimmet (1903)— Harbor vessel: length.
96% leet: displacement. 180 tons: Boston.
Mass.
Wissahickon (1904) — Harbor vessel: length,
96% feet: displacement, 195 tons: Philadel-
phia. Pa.
There are in addition a number ol minor
vessels used lor various purposes.
Station Ship.
Colfax — Length. 179 leet 5 inches: beam, 25
Ieet: dralt, 10 Ieet: displacement, 486 tons:
used as station ship at service depot. Arundel
Cove. Md.
DEATH OF JOHN E. REDMOXD.
John E. Redmond, the Irish nationalist leader,
died in London, England. March 6. 1918, Irom
heart lailure following- an operation for intes-
tinal obstruction. For more than thirty-five
years he had championed the cause ol home
rule lor Ireland and since 1891 had been the
leader of the Irish party. Prior to 1900 there
had been two nationalist factions, and it was
due to his efforts that they were amalgamated
in the year named. Alter that his position as
nationalist leader was never serieusly threat-
ened. Redmond was elected to the house ol
commons in 1881 Irom New Ross. Ireland, and
was a member almost continuously up to the .
time ol his death. From 1885 to 1891 he
represented North Wexford, alter which he .
was elected irom Waterlord. His eloquence *
and grasp ol parliamentary procedure made
him a power in the house ol commons. One *
of his last important acts was to assent to .
the calling of an Irish convention. Redmond
visited the United States in 1908 and 1910 and
Australia in 1883. Though educated lor the
bar he never practiced law.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
165
INTERXAI
Comparative statement showing the i
the United States during the fiscal years
Objects of taxation.
Spirits — Distilled spirits (old law) 1
, REVENUE RE
•eceipts from the
i ended June 30,
1917.
5181. 131, 770.62
CEIPTS.
several objects of
1917 and 1918.
1918.
$54,850 656.36
232.872,375.13
12.270.433.00
3.912,380.71
9.124,368.56
3.516,032.90
12.595.25
353.177.00
641.668.42
internal taxation in
Increase ( 4- ) or
decrease ( — ) .
— 8126,281.114.26
4- 232.872,375.13
+ 12,270,433.00
+ 3,912.380.71
4 3.960.293.53
— 1,307,203.42
37.272.30
205.003.40
4 257,479.53
Distilled spirits (beverage purposes)...
Distilled spirits (nonbeverage purposes)
Rectified spirits or wines
Still wines, champagne, liqueurs, cor-
dials, etc
5.164,075.03
4,823,236.32
49.867.55
558,180.40
384.188.89
Rectifiers: retail and wholesale liquor
dealers: manufacturers of stills, etc.
(special taxes)
Stamps for distilled spirits intended
for export
Case stamps for distilled spirits bottled
Grape brandy used in fortification of
sweet wines
Total
192.111.318.81
91,094,677.70
317.553.687.33
124.294.153.65
1.433,427.51
558.276.49
I
125.442.3B8.52
33.199,475.95
1,433,427.51
244.239.62
Fermented liquors — Fermented liquors
(barrel tax)
Fermented liquors (stored in ware-
Brewers; retail and wholesale dealers
802.516.11
Total
91,897,193.81
24,800,311.78
712.597.89
98,850.22
126.285.857.65
30.034.476.95
875.727.20
121.306.12
431.382.24
66,370.961.45
4.049.402.14
47.485.437.44
538.486.76
6,281,479.60
44 4444444 4
34.388,663.84
5.234,165.17
163,129.31
22,455.90
431.382.24
28.243,792.52
1,219,182.09
11.824,380.95
191.693.98
6.281,479.60
Tobacco— Cigars (large)
Cigarettes (large)
Cigarettes (small)
38.127,168.93
2,830.220.05
35.661,056.49
346.792.78
Snuff of all descriptions
Manufacturers of cigars, cigarettes
and tobacco (special taxes)
Floor taxes on tobacco, etc
Total
102,576,998.14
. 632.716.76
570,165.02
792.838.24
156,188.659.90
562.725.00
829.606.40
944.575.60
4-.
53,611,661.76
69.991.76
259.441.38
151,737.36
Oleomargarine — Oleomargarine, artificial-
ly colored, etc
Oleomargarine, free from coloration.
Manufacturers and dealers (special
Total
1,995.720.02
10.471.688.90
460.251.15
1.073.535.00
1.331.763.37
2.336.907.00
24.996.204.54
333.396.57
865.360.19
1.086.307.82
4
4
341.186.98
Special taxes not elsewhere enumerated
— Corporations, on value of capital
stock
14.524,515.64
126.854.58
208.174.81
245.455.55
Brokers ( stock, etc. )
Theaters, museums, circuses, etc
Bowling alleys, pool and billiard tables
Total
13.337,238.42
103.110.05
33.256.83
277.165.03
12.815.079.68
27.281.269.12
66.129.05
28.044.29
185.358.93
1.091.812.09
-
13,944,030.70
36.981.00
5.212.54
91.806.10
11.723.267.59
Miscellaneous — Adulterated and process
or renovated butter, and mixed flour
(including special taxes)
Alaska railroads income tax (act of
July 18, 1914)
Opium distributors, etc., and smoking
opium
Offers in compromise, unassessed pen-
alties, etc
Total
13.228.611.59
1.371.344.36
724.231.97
412.093.75
85.377.59
993.477.72
30.002,163.38
6.458.994.82
24.306.350.26
2.236.699.76
1.433.324.61
6.299,017.18
6.492.025.48
4 444444444 4 1
11,857,267.23
724.231.97
412.093.75
85.377.59
993,477.72
30.002,163.38
6.458,994.82
24.306,350.26
2.236.699.76
1.433.324.61
6,299.017.18
6.492.025.48
War Revenue Act of Oct. 3, 1917.
Beverages (not elsewhere enumerated —
Sirups and extracts intended for sale
Unfermented grape juice, soft drinks,
etc
*
Carbonic acid gas in drums
Transportation — Property as freight. . . .
Property as express
Persons
Seats, berths and staterooms
Oil by pipe lines
Telegraph, telephone or radio messages
Insurance (life, marine, inland, fire and
casualty) ..
166
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Objects of taxation. 1917.
Admissions in theater, concert, cabaret..
1918.
$26.357.359.72
2.259.056.57
23.981.268.35
12.995.732.31
2.355.925.30
12.921.484.81
2.261,088.18
1.276,544.30
47.452,879.78
13,296,927.32
Increase ( + ) or
decrease ( — ).
+ J26.357.359.72
•4- 2.259.056.57
+ 23,981.268.35
+ 12.995.732.31
+ 2.355,925.30
•f 12,921,484.81
+ 2,261,088.18
+ 455.647.04
+ 41,376.304.52
— 14.367.012.31
Automobiles and motorcycles
Other excise taxes, including- piano
players, moving1 picture films, jew-
elry, sporting devices, perfumes and
cosmetics, proprietary medicinal
preparations, chewing: grum. cameras.
Schedule A (adhesive stamps) * — Future
Bonds, capital stock issues, convey-
Playing cards (including: receipts un-
der prior act) 8820,897.26
Estates (including receipts under prior
acts) '. 6.076,575.26
Munition manufacturers (including: re-
ceipts under prior act) 27.663,939.63
Total 34.561.412.15
224.602.023.16
+
190,040.611.01
Total receipts from other than in-
come and excess profits taxes... 449.708,492.94
855.619,748.52
+
405,911,255.58
Income and excess profits tax 359,685,147.50
2.839,083,585.53
+ 2,479.398,438.03
Total internal revenue receipts 809.393.640.44 3.694,703.334.05 +2.885,309,693.61
•Collections from sale of parcel post and other adhesive stamps for the fractional part of
the fiscal year 1918 so fai reported by the postmaster-general under the act of Oct. 3. 1917,
which are not included in this statement, amounted to 84.268.036.07.
The miscellaneous taxes for 1918 include
certain receipts from taxes on Philippine and
Porto Rican products and income tax assessed
on railroads in Alaska, which are required to
be paid into the treasuries of the Philippine
Islands. Porto Rico and the territory of Alaska
respectively. These revenues are:
Philippines (act of Aug. 5. 1909) . $803,899.88
Porto Rico (act of March 2. 1917)1.045.919.06
Alaska (act of July 18. 1914)... . 28.044.29
Total 1.877.863.23
WAR REVENUE TAXES.
It is estimated that of the collections in
1918 $383.999,024.04 were collected from
taxes under laws enacted prior to Oct. 3, 1917.
and $471.620,724.48 additional revenue fro«
taxes imposed by the war revenue act of Oct.
3. 1917.
Title HI.— War Tax on Beverages.
Distilled spirits $84,413.193.61
Floor taxes on distilled spirits.. 113,727,536.32
Rectified spirits 3.912,380.71
Fermented liquors 50.450.688.11
Still wines, including- vermuth,
champagne and other sparkling
wines, liqueurs, cordials, etc..
Grape brandy or wine spirits...
Sirups or extracts, unfermented
grape juice, soft drinks, nat-
ural mineral or table waters,
etc '
3,928.358.07
190.028.72
2.215,181.03
258,837,366.57
Title IV. — War Tax on Cigars, Tobacco and
Manufactures Thereof.
Cigars (large) $6.681,576.41
Cigars (small) 165,012.98
Cigarettes (large) 21,242.58
Cigarettes (small) 20,206,537.23
Cigarette papers or tubes 431.382.24
Snuff 1.246.477.26
Tobacco, chewing and smoking. 14,073,636.72
Floor taxes on tobacco, etc 6.281,479.60
49.107.345.02
Title r.—War Tax on Facilities Furnished by
Public Utilities and Insurance.
Freight transportation $30,002,163.38
Express transportation 6.458.994.82
Passenger transportation 24,306,350.26
Seats and berths $2,236 699 76
Oil transportation by pipe line.. 1.433,324.61
Telegraph, telephone and radio*
messages 6.299,017.18
Insurance 6,492,025.48
77,228,575.49
Title VI.— War Excise Taxes.
Automobiles, motorcycles, etc. . .$23,981,268.35
Musical instruments, phono-
graphs, etc 1,426,885.67
Motion picture films 1,70987712
Jewelry 2.421,840.52
Sporting and amusement devices ' 211.542.95
Perfumes, cosmetics, etc 1,413,287.93
Patent and proprietary medi-
cines 1,829,243.35
Chewing gum 394,636.28
Cameras 145.389.02
Yachts, pleasure boats, etc 406,522.29
Excise floor taxes 3.036,506.58
36,977,000.66
Title VII. — War Tax on Admissions and Dues.
Amusement admissions $26,357,359.72
Club dues 2,259.056.57
28.616.416.29
Title VIII.— War Stamp Taxes.
Sales of produce or exchange... $2.355.925.30
Bonds, capital stock, issues,
conveyances, etc 12,921,484.81
Capital stock sales or transfers. 2.261.088.18
Playing cards 816.439.50
18.354.937.79
Title IX.— War Estate Tax.
Transfer of net estates (one-
third of receipts reported un-
der act of Oct. 3. 1917) $2,499,082.66
Total 471,620.724.48
TOTAL RECEIPTS BY STATES.
Alabama $19.131,718.33
Alaska 379.292.40
Arizona 6.725.357.18
Arkansas 6,312.611.02
California 109.815.588.53
Colorado 25.004,665.42
Connecticut 74.347,914.77
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
167
. 832,943,383.27
Districts. 1918.
14th New York . . $45 266 754.49
12 791 961.65
Florida
7,867,538.81
21st New York 1 31.911,085.19
19,015,700.05
28th New York 71.014,105.20
9.686,849.94
4th North Carolina 19,777,494.49
2.316,926.80
5th North Carolina : 49898.840.93
. 362 454,117.83
North and South Dakota 4917051.16
57,580,376.13
1st Ohio 6962264480
17 460 844.15
10th Ohio .... 3008959510
29,211.776.51
llth Ohio 22,278.400.40
98,764,503.84
18th Ohio 17883594784
Louisiana .............
35,166,417.89
Oklahoma 19 533 121 64
Maine
13,237.356.31
Oregon 1147309149
Maryland
61 407,266.71
1st Pennsylvania 200 509 658 34
Massachusetts
. 191,814,297.99
9th Pennsylvania . . 20 884 837 22
Michigan
. 103,678,759.19
12th Pennsylvania . .... 35 510 371 31
70,706,095.12
23d Pennsylvania . .. . 332159701.43
Mississippi
5.337,334.68
88,559,956.99
South Carolina 8.451.785.05
Tennessee ... 17 998 730 50
6,991.308.12
3d Texas 40.014.333.30
Nebraska
13.875.815.57
2d Virginia .. . 2325688516
892.674.39
6th Virginia . 1266003012
New Hampshire
7,766.099.06
Washington . . 21 344 722 39
New Jersey
. 103.276.891.21
West Virginia .... 4801236519
New Mexico
New York
2,526,045.82
. 839,378,067.30
1st Wisconsin 47,540,166.10
2d Wisconsin . 11 277 536 52
North Carolina
North Dakota
69.676.335.42
2 078 932 31
Philippine islands 785.450.92
Ohio
. 300.826.588.14
Total 3 694 703,334.05
19.533,121.64
NOTE — Alabama and Mississippi compose the
district of Alabama; Colorado and Wyoming1,
the district of Colorado: Connecticut and Rhode
Island, the district of Connecticut: Maryland,
Delaware, District of Columbia and the coun-
ties of Accomac and Northampton, Virginia, the
district of Maryland: Montana, Idaho and
Utah, the district of Montana: New Hamp-
shire, Maine and Vermont, the district of New
Hampshire: New Mexico and Arizona, the dis-
trict of New Mexico: North Dakota and South
Dakota, the district of North and South Da-
kota: Washington and Alaska, the dstrict of
Washington, and Nevada forms a part of the
1st district of California.
INCOME AND EXCESS PROFITS BECEIPTS.
States and
territories. 1918. Increase*
Alabama .... $18,210.692.70 $17.122.400.49
Alaska..., 24130029 20465275
Oregon
11.473,091.49
Pennsylvania
. 589,064.568.30
20.473.549.07
South Carolina
8,451,785.05
South Dakota
2,838.118.85
Tennessee
17.998,730.50
Texas
40.014,333.30
Utah
3.572.218.38
Vermont
4,001,842.07
Virginia
36.003.209.26
Washington
20.965,429.99
West Virginia
48.012.365.19
58.817,702.62
Wyoming:
3,690.457.67
78545092
Total
. . .3 694 703 334 O5
BECEIPTS BY COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
Districts. -1918.
Alabama , S24 469 053.01
Arkansas
1st California
6th California
6.312,611.02
86,047,196.42
24.661,066.50
Arizona 6.179.671.74 5,341,347.07
Arkansas ... 5,731,398.42 5,245,674.11
California ... 76,641.553.03 66,586.773.28
Colorado .... 23,190.502.59 20.340,828.74
Connecticut.. 62.190.711.73 55,267,161.25
Delaware ... 27,410.733.36 20.953.313.72
Dist. Columbia 8,822,573.23 7,057,128.44
Florida 4.639,716.09 4.006.181.14
Georgia 16.230,449.09 14,399,839.81
Hawaii 8.961,868.47 7.688,169.19
Idaho 2,067.089.07 1,672,897.52
Colorado
28.695,122.99
Connecticut
94.821.463.84
Florida
7.867,538.81
Georgia
19,015.700.05
Hawaii
9.686.840.94
1st Illinois
304.374,930.33
5th Illinois
28.913,983.34
8th Illinois
18,232.278.94
13th Illinois
6th Indiana
10.932,925.22
35.995.221.61
Illinois 275,579.056.40 249.479.566.83
Indiana 29,054,944.64 25.560,049.54
Iowa 14.973.578.82 13,166,034.28
Kansas 2594391236 2302588344
7th Indiana
21.585,154.52
17 460 844 15
Kansas
29,211,776.51
Kentucky ... 20,946.948.81 19.301,191.63
Louisiana . . 21,807.341.85 19,724,678.62
Maine 12,016,085.50 10,822,960.25
2d Kentucky
11,782.319.32
5th Kentucky
53.185,966.41
6th Kentucky
11,465,565.06
Maryland ... 40.003.951.94 36,654,661.20
Massachusetts 166,598.752.86 146.318,188.73
Michigan ... 71.061.308.12 60,867,654.19
Minnesota .. 58,218,134.48 51.785.238.39
Mississippi . 4,964.263.52 4,519,977.44
Missouri . . . 60.012.953.43 52.900.366.53
Montana ... 3,325,820.00 2.250.472.54
Nebraska .. 11.335,082.21 10,186.755.30
Nevada 609.229.99 518.381.40
N.Hampshire 6,318.838.42 5,798.335.97
New Jersey.. 71.811,484.88 60.938.992.94
New Mexico. 1,802.649.79 1.419.754.78
New York... 689,265,600.01 561,202,864.80
N. Carolina.. 20.251.704.10 18.457.905.46
N. Dakota... 1,828,857.21 1.535,925.80
Ohio 241,037.457.59 220.097T965.69
Oklahoma . . 18.261.448.25 11.601.169.75
Oregon 10.070.079.46 9,249.463.52
Pennsylvania 495,889.801.05 453.791.193.51
R. Island 16.385.548.57 13.185,581.40
7th Kentucky
14.366,202.13
8th Kentucky
Louisiana
7.964.450.92
35,166,417.89
Maryland
107,228.905.61
3d Massachusetts
191.814.297.99
1st Michigan
88.301,507.55
4th Michigan
15.377,251.64
Minnesota
1st Missouri
70.706,095.12
66.351.743.15
6th Missouri
22.208.213.84
Montana
12.880,453.30
Nebraska
New Hampshire
13.875.815.57
25005.297.44
1 st New Jersey
23.880,971.83
5th New Jersey
79.395.919.38
New Mexico
9.251.403.00
1st New York
Cd New York
63.026.908.09
458.156.339.64
3d New York
170.002.874.69
168
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919,
States and
territories.
S. Carolina...
S. Dakota. ..
1918.
$7,88-4.094.31
2,478,972.94:
14 173 009 88
Increase.*
$7,304,103.86
2,247,560.46
12 792 234 74
States and
territories. 1918. Increase.*
Wisconsin ... $39,192,571.30 $35,296.221.55
Wyoming ... 2.685,289.67 2.434.233.48
Texas
30,313,161.81
24,920,228.19
Total 2,839.083,585.53 2,479,398,438.03
Utah
2,504,650.26
1,174.629.27
•Compared with 1917.
Vermont . . .
Virginia . . .
Washington .
W. Virginia .
3,589.674.62
21,486,152.38
19,334,083.84
45,548.830.46
3,035,248.22
19.027.519.68
17,291,094.28
43.627.782.86
It was not possible at the time the above
figures were compiled to show separately the
amounts collected from corporations, partner-
ships or individuals in the fiscal year 1918.
Officers — Three commissioners are appointed by
the president to assist him in classifying the
government offices and positions, formulating
rules and enforcing the law. Their office is in
Washington, D. C. The chief examiner is ap-
pointed by the commissioners to secure accuracy,
uniformity and justice in the proceedings of the
examining boards. The secretary to the com-
mission is appointed bj the president.
General Rules— The fundamental rules govern-
ing appointments to government positions are
found in the civil service act itself. Bused upon
these are many other regulations formulated by
the commission and promulgated by the president
from time to time as new contingencies arise.
The present rules were approved Afarch 20, 1903,
and went into effect April 15, 1903. In a general
way thes require that there must be free, open
examinations of applicants for positions in the
public service; that appointments shall be made
from those graded highest in the examinations;
that appointments to the service In Washington
shall be apportioned among the states and terri-
tories according to population; that there shall
be a period (six months) of probation before any
absolute appointment is made ; that no person in
the public service is for that reason obliged to
contribute to any political fund or is subject to
dismissal for refusing to so contribute; that no
UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE.
Civil service act approved Jan. 16, 1883.
his official authority or influence to coerce the
political action of any person. Applicants for
positions shall not be questioned as to their
political or religious beliefs and no discrimina-
tion shall be exercised against or in favor of any
applicant or employe on account of his religion
or politics. The classified civil service shall in-
clude all officers and employes In the executive
civil service of the United States except laborers
and persons whose appointments are subject to
confirmation by the senate.
Examinations— These are conducted by boards
of examiners chosen from among persons in gov-
ernment employ and are held twice a year in all
the states and territories at convenient places.
In Illinois, for example, they are usually held
at Cairo, Chicago and Peoria. The dates are an-
nounced through the newspapers or by other
means. They can always be learned by applying
to the commission or to the nearest postofflce or
custom house. Those who desire to take exami-
nations are advised to write to the commission
in Washington for the "Manual of Examina-
tions," which is sent free to all applicants. It
Is revised semiannually to Jan. i and July 1.
The January edition contains a schedule of the
spring examinations and the July edition con-
tains a schedule of the fall examinations. Full
Information is given as to the methods and rules
governing examinations, manner of making appli-
cation, qualifications required, regulations for
rating examination papers, certification for and
chances of appointment, and as far as possible
it outlines the scope of the different subjects of
general and technical examinations. These are
practical in character and are designed to test
the relative capacity and fitness to discharge the
duties to be performed. It is necessary to obtain
an average percentage of 70 to be eligible for
appointment, except that applicants entitled to
preference because of honorable dischnrge from
the military or naval service for disability re-
sulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the
line of duty need obtain but 65 per cent,
period of eligibility Is one year.
The
Qualiiications of Applicants— No person will be
examined who is not a citizen of the United
States; who is not within the age limitations
prescribed; who Is physically disqualified for the
service which he seeks; who has been guilty- of
criminal. Infamous, dishonest or disgraceful con-
duct; who has been dismissed from the public
service for delinquency and misconduct or has
failed to receive absolute appointment after pro-
bation; who is addicted to the habitual use of
intoxicating liquors to excess, or who has made
a false statement in his application. The age
limitations in the more important branches of
the public service are: Postofflce, 18 to 45 years:
rural letter carriers, 17 to 65; internal revenue,
21 years and over; railway mail, 18 to 35; light-
house, 18 to 50; life saving, 18 to 45; general de-
partmental, 20 and over. These age limitations
are subject to change by the commission. They
do not apply to applicants of the preferred class.
Applicants for the position of railway mail clerk
must be at least 5 feet 6 inches in height, ex-
clusive of boots or shoes, and weigh not less than
135 pounds in ordinary clothing and have no
physical defects. Applicants for certain other
positions have to come up to similar physical re-
quirements.
Method of Appointment — Whenever a vacancy
exists the appointing officer makes requisition
upon the civil service commission for a certifica-
tion of names to fill the vacancy, specifying the
kind of position vacant, the sex desired and the
salary. The commission thereupon takes from
the proper register of eligibles the names of
three persons standing highest of the sex called
for and certifies them to the appointing officer,
who is required to make the selection. He may
choose any one of the three names, returning the
other two to the register to await further certifi-
cation. The time of examination is not consid-
ered, as the highest in average percentage on the
register must be certified first. If after a pro-
bationary period of six months the name of the
appointee is continued on the roll of the depart-
ment in which he serves the appointment is con-
sidered 'absolute.
Removals— No person can be removed from a
competitive position except for such cause as will
promote the efficiency of the public service and
tor reasons given in writing. No examination of
witnesses nor any trial shall be required except
in the discretion of the officer making the re-
moval.
Salaries— Entrance to the department service is
usually in the lowest grades, the higher grades
being generally filled by promotion. The usual
entrance grade is about $900, but the applicant
may be appointed at $840, $760 or even $600.
EMPLOYES IN THE FEDERAL CIVIL
SERVICE.
June 30, 1918. .
In Washington.
39
376
White house
State department
Treasury department =
War department ........................ 4.558
Navy department ....................... J-Zfi
Postoffice department ................... J'5?5,
Interior department ..................... 5, 147
Department of justice ................. i'ocV
Department of agriculture .•••••• ...... '
Department of commerce and labor ----
Interstate commerce commission ........
Civil service commission ................
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
169
Bureau of efficiency
Smithsonian institution
State, war and navy department bldg..
Panama canal ,
Government printing: office
Federal trade commission
Total "
Outside Washington.
Treasury department —
Janitor service, etc
Mint and assay service
Subtreasury service
Public health service
Coast guard
Customs service
Internal revenue service
Miscellaneous
War department —
Quartermaster's corps. . .".
Ordnance department
Engineer department
Miscellaneous
Navy department —
Trade and labor positions
Exclusive of trade and labor positions
42
778
258
4,593
244
41,417
5,441
908
400
3,518
54
6.461
4,927
432
10,545
11,387
15.767
3.305
40,000
4,679
Postofflce department —
Postoffice service 187,982
Fourth class postmasters 45,079
Rural carrier service 43,339
Railway mail service 21,191
Interior department —
Land service 1,311
Pension examining service 4,502
Indian service 7,665
Reclamation service 3,853
Miscellaneous 969
Department of justice 3,012
Department of agriculture 15,018
Departments of commerce and labor.... 204
Lighthouse service 6,655
Immigration service 1,919
Steamboat inspection service 371
Miscellaneous 2,068
Interstate commerce commission 1,392
Civil service commission 36
Panama canal service 938
Total 456.450
Grand total* 517.805
•Includes 19.938 unclassified employes of
isthmian canal commission.
Reg.L'th.B'th
Name. Ton'Ke.Ft. Ft.
Leviathan 54.282 920100
Imperator 52,000 898 97
Europa 60,000 911 96
Aquitania 47,000 901 92
Olympic 45.000 890 92
Columbus 35.000 696 76
Mauretania 32.000 790 83
George Washington.25,570 722 78
K. Aug. Victoria.. 24.581 677 77
Adriatic 24,541 726 75
Rotterdam 24,170 668 77
Baltic 23,876 726 75
France 23,666 720 75
America 22.622 687 74
Cedric 21.035 680 75
Celtic 20.904 680 75
Minnesota 20,718 622 73
Caronia 19.594 650 72
Carmania 19.524 650 72
Mt. Vernon 19.503 706 72
^neas 19,500 500 60
Agamemnon 19,361 684 72
Lapland 18.694 620 70
President Lincoln. .18,168 616 68
President Grant. ..18.072 616 68
Berlin 17.324 612 70
Pr. Fr. Wilhehn... 17.084 613 68
Cleveland 17.000 608 65
New Amsterdam... 16.697 600 69
Deutschland 16,502 661 67
Megantic 15,877 565 67
Republic 15.378 570 68
Von Steuben 14.908 637 66
La Provence 14.744 602 65
Nestor 14.500 600 66
Saxonia 14.281 580
.
Empress of Britainl4.189 549
Ivernla 14.058 582
Canada 14.000 500
GREAT OCEAN STEAMSHIPS.
Reg.L
Name. Ton* fee
JEona. 14,000
Verona 14,000
Taormina 14,000
Sant Anna 14.000
Mongolia 13.639
Carpathia 13,603
Cretlc 13,507
Patricia 13,424
Minnewaska 13,401
Minnetonka 13,398
Pennsylvania 13,333
Andania 13,300
Alaunia 13,300
Pretoria 13.234
Graf Waldersee ...13.193
Cymric 13.096
Oceania 13.000
Kenilworth Castle. 12,975
Campania 12.950
^olus 13.102
Finland 12.760
Kroonland 12, 760
Walmer Castle ....12.546
Noordam ...12.534
Ryndam 12,527
Potsdam 12,522
Suevlc 12,500
Runic 12.482
Saxon 12.385
Moltke 12,335
Bluecher 12,334
Ionic 12,232
Oorinthic 12.231
Canopic 12.097
Vaderland 12.018
America 12.000
Duca degll Abruzzil2.000
Duca d'Aosta 12.000
Duca dl Geneva ...12.000
th.B'th
Ft. Ft.
485 60
485 60
485 60
500 60
600 65
540 63
582 60
560 62
600 66
600 66
559 62
540 64
540 64
561 62
561 62
585 64
477 56
570 65
650 72
560 62
578 60
560 60
570 64
550 62
550 62
550 62
550 63
550 63
570 64
525 62
525 62
500 63
500 63
594 59
560 60
506 56
476 54
476 54
476 54
Name.
Cameronian
Reg.L'
Ton'ge
...12 000
th.B
Ft.
540
540
530
550
650
561
*31
535
635
530
550
501
600
550
563
563
526
526
617
527
520
540
523
529
499
520
510
500
499
530
515
552
552
500
501
565
513
515
600
'til
Ft.
60
62
61
63
63
60
59
63
63
59
60
62
61
59
60
60
57
GO
63
63
60
CO
60
tiO
6C
60
59
59
M
GO
60
r.9
59
57
59
n
00
f.8
58
Frederick VIII..
..12,000
...12,000
Medic
..11,985
Persic
...11.973
..11,905
Haverf ord
..11,635
St Louis
..11,629
St. Paul
..11,629
Merion
..11,621
..11,570
Batavia
..11.490
. 11 436
Romanic
..11,394
..11,168
La Lorraine ....
Chicago
.. 13.146
..11,103
..10,794
New York
..10,798
Philadelphia
..10.786
..10,754
..10.750
Koenigin Luise..
..10,711
..10.695
Koenig Albert..
..10,643
..10,629
..10.606
Tunisian
..10,576
..10.531
. 10 509
..10,491
Devonian
..10 418
Winnifredian
Ultonia
..10.405
..10,405
..10.387
..10 147
..10.100
United States....
Helic Olav ..
..10.091
..10.085
GREAT MINING DISASTERS IN EECENT YEARS.
In which 100 or more lives were lost.
Birmingham, Ala., May 5, 1910; 175 dead.
Boltoh, England, Dec. 21, 1910; 300 dead.
Briceville, Tenn., Dec. 9, 1911; 100 (load.
Butte. Mont., June 9, 1917; 156 dead.
Cherry, 111., Nov. 13, 1909; 289 dead.
Cheswick, Pa., Jan. 25, 1904; 182 dead.
Ooahulla, Mex., Feb. 1, 1902; 102 dead.
Coal Creek, Tenn., May 19, 1902; 227 dead.
Conrrlere, France, March 10, 1906; 1,060 dead.
Dawson, N. M., Oct. 22, 1913; 261 dead.
Ecclps. W. Va., April 28. 1914: 181 dead.
Ennis. W. Va., Dec. 30, 1908; 100 dead.
Finleyville, Pa., April 23, 1912; 115 dead.
Oerthe, Germany, Ang. 8, 1912; 103 dead.
Hnmm, Germany, Nov. 12, 1908; 300 dead.
Hanloy, England, Jan. 12, 1918 ; 160 dead.
Hanna, Wyo., June 30, 1903; 235 dead.
Jacob's Creek, Pa., Dec. 19, 1907; 230 dead.
Johnstown. Pa., July 10, 1902; 113 dead.
Khartsisk, Russia, June 18, 1905; 500 dead.
La Esperanza, Mex., Feb. 19, 1907; 123 dead.
Littleton, Ala., April 8, 1911; 128 dead.
Marianna, Pa., Nov. 28, 1908; 154 dead.
Monongah. W. Va.. Doe. 6, 1907: 360 dead.
Newcastle, England, Feb. 16, 1909; 100 dead.
Spiishenydd. Wales, Oct. 14. 1913; 423 dead.
Telluride, Col., Nov. 20, 1901; 100 dead.
Toyooka, Japan, July 20, 1907; 400 dead.
Virginia City, Ala., Feb. 20, 1905; 160 dead.
Watortown, Wales. July 11, 1905 ; 144 dead.
Welongong, Australia, July 31, 1902; 120 dead.
Whitehaven, England, May 12, 1910; 137 dead.
170
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
CHRONOLOGY OF
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 1898.
Maine blown up Feb. 15
Diplomatic relations broken April 21
Cuban blockade declared April 22
War declared by Spain April 24
War declared by United States April 25
Dewey's victory at Manila May 1
Hobson's Merrimac exploit June 3
U. S. army corps lands in Cuba June 21
Battle at El Caney and San Juan July 1
Cervera's fleet destroyed , July 3
Santiago de Cuba surrenders July 17
Peace protocol signed Aug. 12
Surrender ol Manila Aug. 13
Peace treaty signed in Paris Dec. 12
PHILIPPINE WAR, 1899-1902.
Hostilities begun Feb. 4, 1899
Battles around Manila Feb. 4-7, 1899
Battle at Pasig- March 13. 1899
Santa Cruz captured April 25. 1899
San Fernando captured May 5. 1899
Battle ol Bacoor June 13. 1899
Battle of Imus June 16. 1899
Battle ol Colamba July 26,1899
Battle ol Calulut Aug. 9.1899
Battle of Angeles Aug. 16,1899
Maj. John A. Logan killed Nov. 11. 1899
Gen. Gregorio del Pilar killed Dec. 10, 1899
Gen. Lawton killed Dec. 19, 1899
Talt commission appointed Feb. 25, 1900
Aguinaldo captured March 23, 1901
End ol war April 30. 1902
Military governorship ended July 4, 1902
ANGLO-BOER WAR, 1899-1902.
Boers declare war Oct. 10, 1899
Boers invade Natal Oct. 12. 1899
Battle of Glencoe Oct. 20, 1899
Battle ol Magerslontein Dec. 10, 1899
Battle of Colesburg Dec. 31. 1899
Spion Kop battles Jan. 23-25, 1900
Kimberley relieved Feb. 15, 1900
Gen. Cronje surrenders Feb. 27, 1900
Ladysmith relieved March 1, 1900
Mateking relieved May 17, 1900
Johannesburg captured May 30, 1900
Orange Free State annexed May 30, 1900
Pretoria captured June 4, 1900
South African Republic annexed.. .Sept. 1. 1900
Gen. Methuen captured March 7, 1902
Treaty of peace signed May 31, 1902
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR. 1904-1905.
Hostilities begun by Japan Feb. 8. 1904
War declared Feb. 10. 1904
Petropavlovsk sunk April 13, 1904
Battle of the Yalu May 1. 1904
Battle ship Hatsuse sunk May 15, 1904
Cruiser' Yoshino sunk May 15, 1904
Nanshan hill battles May 21-27, 1904
Dalny captured May 30, 1904
RECENT WARS.
Vafangow battle June 14. 1904
Kaiping captured July 8, 1904
Port Arthur invested July 20-31. 1904
Newchwang evacuated July 25. 1904
Haicheng evacuated Aug. 3. 1904
Port Arthur naval battle...' Aug. 10, 1904
Battle of Liaoyang Aug. 26-Sept. 4, 1904
Battle of Sha river Oct. 12-19, 1904
Dogger bank affair Oct. 22, 1904
203-Meter hill captured Nov. 30, 1904
North Keekwan captured Dec. 18, 1904
Ehrlungshan captured Dec. 25, 1904
Sungshushan captured Dec. 31, 1904
Port Arthur surrendered Jan. 1-2. 1905
Battle of Heikoutai Jan. 27-Feb. 4. 1905
Battle of Mukden Feb. 24-March 12, 1905
Battle of Sea ol Japan May 27-28. 1905
Roosevelt peace proposal June 7, 1905
Sakhalin captured July 31, 1905
Portsmouth peace conference. ..Aug. 9-29, 1905
Peace treaty signed Sept. 5, 1905
ITALIAN-TURKISH WAR, 1911-1912.
War declared by Italy Sept. 29, 1911
Tripoli bombarded Oct. 3, 1911
Tripoli captured... Oct. 5, 1911
Turks repulsed by Italians Oct. 30, 1911
Seven Turkish gunboats sunk. . . .Jan. 7, 1912
Beirut bombarded Feb. 24, 1912
Tripoli annexed Feb. 25, 1912
Island of Rhodes seized May 4, 1912
Battle of Zanzur oasis June 9, 1912
Town of Sidi Ali captured July 14, 1912
Peace treaty signed Oct. 18, 1912
BALKAN-TURKISH WAR, 1912-1913.
Balkan-Turkish war begun Oct. 9. 1912
War formally declared Oct. 18, 1912
Battle of Kirk Kilesseh Oct. 24, 1912
Battle pf Lule Burgas Oct. 29-31. 1912
Saloniki captured Nov. 8, 1912
Monastir captured Nov. 18, 1912
London peace conference Dec. 16, 1912
Peace conference ended Jan. 29, 1913
War resumed Feb. 3. 1913
Janina captured March 6, 1913
Adrianople captured March 27. 1913
Scutari captured April 23, 1913
Powers occupy Scutari May 14, 1913
Peace treaty signed May 30. 1913
BALKAN-BULGARIAN WAR. 1913.
Fighting is begun May 23, 1913
Battle of Makres June 10, 1913
Kilkish is captured July 4, 1913
Seres and Kavala are captured July 9. 1913
Roumania wars on Bulgaria July 12, 1913
Turks attack Bulgaria July 12, 1913
Turks reoccupy Adrianople July 21, 1913
Peace treaty signed Aug. 10, 1913
NOTE — For chronology of world war see spe-
cial account in this volume.
LARGEST LAKES IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From U. S. geological survey report.]
Following is a list of lakes In the United
States each of which is more than 100 square
miles in area at high water:
Lake.
Sq. miles.
Lake Superior, Wis., Minn, and Canada — 31,200
Lake Huron, Mich, and Canada 23,800
Lake Michigan, IU., Wis., Mich., Ind. and
Ohio v 22,450
Lake Erie, O., Pa., N. Y. and Canada 9,960
Lake Ontario, N. Y and Canada 7,240
Great Salt lake, Utah (in 1912) 1,800
Lake of the Woods. Minn, and Canada 1,500
Tulare lake, Cal Nothing to 800
Lake Okechobee, Fla 730
Lake Pontchartrain. La 625
Salton sea, Cal. (Jan. 1, 1909). shrinking... 443
Red lake, Minn, (both lakes) 441
Lake. . Sq. miles.
Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt 436
Lake St. Clair, Mich, and Canada 410
Rainy lake, Minn, and Canada 310
Leech lake, Minn, (high water) 234
Leech lake, Minn, (low water) 173
Mille Lacs, Minn 20?
Lake Winnebago, Wis 215
Lake Tahoe, Cal 193
Flathead lake. Mont 188
Upper Klamath lake. Ore. (including swamp) 156
Upper Klamath lake, Ore. (excluding swamp) 87
Utah lake, Utah 145
Tule lake. Cal 144
Lake Pend Oreille. Idaho 124
Lake Winnibigoshish, Minn 117
Moosehead lake, Maine 115
LARGEST TELESCOPES IN THE WORLD.
Is that at the Canadian government laboratory
on Little Sanitch hill, six miles from Victoria,
B. C.. the objective having a measurement of
seventy-two inches. The largest refracting tele-
scope is that at the Yerkes observatory 'at Wil-
liams Ray, Wis. It has an object glass meas-
uring forty inches. The glass for the Cana-
dian tclesoope was made in Belgium and pol-
ished in Pittsburgh, Pa.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919. •
171
DATES OF RECENT
Aguinaldo captured, March 23, 1901.
Alaska boundary award made. Oct. 17, 1903.
Albert I. ascended throne of Belgium, Dec. 17, 1909.
Alfonuo XIII. ascended throne of Spain. May 17,
1902; attempted assassination of, in Paris. June
I. 1906; shot at by anarchist in Madrid, April
13. 1913.
Amundsen, Roald, completes northwest passage,
1906: reaches south pole. Dec. 16. 1911.
Anarchists. Chicago, hanged, Nov. 11, 1887.
Anarchists pardoned by Altgeld, June 26, 1893.
Andree began arctic balloon trip, July 11, 1897.
Anglo-American arbitration treaty signed. Jan.
II. 1897.
Anslo-Boer war began, Oct. 10, 1899; ended May
31, 1902.
Anglo-Japanese treaty signed. Jan. 30, 1902.
Arabic sunk, Aug. 19, 1915.
Archbald, Robert W., judge of United States
Circuit court, impeached and removed from
office, Jan. 13, 1913.
Arizona admitted as a state. Feb. 14. 1912.
Armenian massacres began in 1890; culminated
in 1895. 1896 and 1897.
Atlanta, Ga. (Cotton States and Industrial), ex-
position. Sept. 15 to Dec. 31. 1895.
Australian commonwealth inaugurated, Jan. 1,
1901.
Balkan-Bulgarian war began, May 23, 1913 ; ended,
Aug. 10. 1913.
Balkan-Turkish war began, Oct. 8, 1912; ended,
May 30. 1913.
Baltimore fire, Feb. 7, 1904.
Battle ship cruise, American, Dec. 16. 1907, to
Feb. 22. 1909.
Bennington gunboat disaster. July 21. 1905.
Bering sea seal treaty signed. Nov. 8. 1897.
Bismarck resigned chancellorship, March 18, 1890:
died. July 30. 1898.
Borda, President, assassinated. Aug. 25, 1897.
Bosnia and Herzegovina annexed by Austria.
Oct. 6. 1908.
Boxer outbreak in China began. May 1900.
Boyertown (Pa.) theater fire and panic. Jan. 13,
1908.
Brazil proclaimed a republic, Nov. 15. 1889.
Brest-Litovsk peace treaty signed, March 3, 1918.
Buffalo (Pan- American) exposition. May 1 to
Nov. 2. 1901.
Bulgaria proclaims independence. Oct. 5. 1908.
Cable, Paciflc. laying of, begun at San Francisco,
Dec. 14. 1902.
California Midwinter exposition, Jan. 1 to July
4, 1894.
Calumet (Midi.) hall panic. Dec. 24. 1913.
Campanile in Venice fell, July 14. 1902.
Canadian reciprocity bill passed by congress and
signed by President Taft, July 26, 1911: re-
jected by Canada, Sept. 21.
Carlos I., king of Portugal, assassinated. Feb.
1. 1908.
Carnot. President, assassinated, June 24, 1894.
Cartago. Costa Rica, destroyed by earthquake.
May 5. 1910.
Caroline islands bought by Germany. Oct. 1, 1899.
Charleston, S. C. (Interstate and West Indian).
exposition, Dec. 1. 1901. to May 20. 1902.
Chelsea (Mass.) fire. April 12. 1908.
Cherry (111.) mine disaster. Nov. 13. 1909.
China, revolution begins Sept. 7. 1911; republic
proclaimed Dec. 29, 1911; Manchu dynasty ab-
dicates Feb. 12. 1912.
Cholera epidemic in Hamburg. Germany. August,
1892: in Russia and Italy, summer of 1910.
Christian IX.. king of Denmark, died Jan. 29.
1906.
Christian X. proclaimed king of Denmark, May
15, 1912.
Coal (anthracite) strike began, May 12. 1902;
ended, Oct. 21. 1902.
Constantine, king of Greece, deposed, June 12,
1917.
Constitution. U. S., 16th amendment to, pro-
claimed, Feb. 25, 1913 ; 17th amendment to,
proclaimed, May 31. 1913.
Corinth ship canal open. Aug. 6. 1893.
Courriere mine disaster, March 10, 1906.
Crib disaster. Chicago, Jan. 20, 1909.
Cronin murder. May 4. 1889.
HISTORICAL, EVENTS.
Cuba under sovereignty of United States, Jan.
I, 1899.
Cuban constitution signed. Feb. 21. 1901.
Cuban-United States reciprocity treaty ratified,
March 19, 1903 ; bill to carry treaty into effect
passed by congress, Dec. 16, 1903.
Cuban republic inaugurated. May 20. 1902: Presi-
dent Palma and cabinet resigned and Ameri-
can control established, Sept. 29, 1906 ; Gen.
Jose Miguel Gomez elected president, Nov. 14.
1908; American control relinquished, Jan. 28.
1909.
Cuban revolt began, Feb. 24, 1895.
Currency law enacted, Dec. 23, 1913.
Czolgosz. McKin ley's assassin, tried and sen-
tenced. Sept. 24, 1901; executed. Oct. 29. 1901.
De Lesseps, Ferdinand, convicted of Panama
fraud. Feb. 9. 1893.
Delyannls. Grecian premier, assassinated. June
13, 1905.
Dewey's victory at Manila, May 1. 1898.
Diaz, Porfirio, forced by revolutionists to resign
presidency of Mexico, May 25, 1911.
Dingley tariff bill signed. July 24. 1897.
Dom Pedro exiled from Brazil, Nov. 16. 1889.
Draft for American national army ; registration
day June 5, 1917 ; numbers drawn July 20, 1917.
Dreyfus, Capt., degraded and sent to Devil's
island. Jan. 4. 1895: brought back to France,
July 3. 1899; new trial begun, Aug. 7: found
guilty. Sept. 9; pardoned, Sept. 19. 1899; re-
stored to rank in army, July 12, 1906. by de-
cision of Supreme court of France: decorated
with cross of Legion of Honor, July 21. 1906.
Earthquake in India, April 4. 1905: in Calabria.
Italy. Sept. 8. 1905, and Dec. 28. 1908. (See
also San Francisco, Valparaiso, Kingston. Mes-
sina and Cartago.)
Eastland steamship disaster in Chicago. July 24.
Edward VII. proclaimed king. Jan. 24. 1901:
crowned, Aug. 9, 1909; died, May 6, 1910.
Elizabeth, empress of Austria, assassinated.
Sept. 10. 1898.
Empress of Ireland sunk. May 29, 1914.
European1 war began Aug. 1, 1914; ended Nov.
II. 1918.
Fallieres. C. A., elected president of France.
Jan. 17. 1906.
Ferdinand, Archduke Francis, and consort as-
sassinated in Sarajevo. Bosnia. June 28, 1914.
Ferrer, Francisco, executed in Spain. Oct. 13.
1909.
Field, Marshall, died. Jan. 16, 1906
Fisheries (Atlantic) dispute settled by Hague
court. June 1, 1910.
Floods in Ohio and Indiana. March 25-27. 1913.
Formosa transferred to Japan, June 4. 1895.
Frederick VIII. succeeded to throne of Den-
mark. Jan. 29. 1906: died. Mar 14, 1912.
Galveston tornado. Sept. 8. 1900.
General Slocuni disaster, June 15, 1904.
George I., king of Greece, assassinated in Saloni-
ki, Macedonia. March 18, 1913.
George V. succeeded to British throne. May 6,
1910; crowned. June 22. 1911.
Gladstone resigned premiership. March 2, 1894-
died. May 19. 1898.
Goebel, Gov. William, shot, Jan. 30, 1900; died.
Feb. 3.
Greco-Turkish war began. April 16. 1897: ended.
May 11. 1897: peace treaty signed, Sept. 18.
1897. •
Haiti, President Lecomte of, and 400 persons
killed by explosion in palace, Aug. 8. 1912.
Halifax disaster, Dec. 6, 1917.
Harrimnn. K. H.. died. Sept. 9, 1909.
Harrison, Benjamin, died. March 13, 1901.
Harrison, Carter. Sr., assassinated. Oct. 28. 1893.
Hawaii made a republic. July 4, 1894: annexed
to United States. Aug. 12. 1896; made a terri-
tory. June 14. 1900.
Haymarket riot, Chicago, May 4, 1886.
Hay-Pauncefote isthmian canal treaty signed.
Nov. 18, 1901.
Homestead (Pa.) labor riot. July 6. 1892.
Humbert. Kintr. assassinated. July 29. 1900.
Idaho admitted as a state. July 3. 1890.
Income tax amendment to constitution of the
United States proclaimed, Feb. 25. 1913.
172
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Irish land purchase law in force. Nov. 1. 1903.
Iroguois theater tire, Dec. 30, 1903; lives lost, 575.
Italian army routed in Abyssinia, March 1. 1896.
Italian prisoners lynched in New Orleans. March
14, 1891.
Italy declares war on Turkey over Tripoli dis-
pute. Sept. 29. 1911; formally annexes Tripoli.
Feb. 23. 1912: war ended. Oct. 18. 1912.
Ito. Prince, assassinated. Oct. 26. 1909.
Jameson raiders in Transvaal routed, Jan. 2,
1896.
Jamestown (Va.) tercentennial exposition. April
26 to Nov. 30. 1907.
Japan, battle of Sea of. May 27-28. 1905.
Japan declared war on China. Aug. 1. 1894: war
ended, April 17, 1895.
Japan-Russia war began. Feb. 7. 1904; ended
Sept. 5. 1905.
Jerusalem captured by British, Dec. 11. 1917.
Johnstown flood. May 31. 1889.
Jutland naval battle. May 31-June 1, 1916.
Ketteler. Baron von, killed in Pekin. June 30,
1900.
Kingston (Jamaica) earthquake and fire, Jan. 14,
1907.
Kishinev massacre. April 20. 1903.
Kitchener. Lord, drowned June 5, 1916.
Koch's lymph cure announced, Nov. 17, 1890.
Kongo Free State annexed by Belgium, Aug. 20.
1908.
Korea annexed by Japan. Aug. 29. 1910.
Kossuth. Louis, died, March 20, 1894.
Labor department (U. S.) created. March 4. 1913.
Lawton. Gen. H. W.. killed, Dec. 19, 1899.
Leiter wheat deal collapsed, June 13, 1898.
Leopold II., king of Belgium, died. Dec. 17, 1909.
Liliuokalani, queen of Hawaii, deposed, Jan. 16,
1893; died Nov. 11, 1917.
Louisville tornado, March 27. 1890.
Luiz Philippe, crown prince of Portugal, assassi-
nated, Feb. 1, 1908.
Lusitania sunk, May 7, 1915.
Madagascar annexed to France, Jan. 23, 1896.
Maine blown up, Feb. 15. 1898; raised In 1911-
1912 and sunk in the open sea off Havana, March
16. 1912.
Manuel II.. king of Portugal, deposed. Oct. 3-4,
1910.
Marconi signals letter "S" across Atlantic. Dec.
11. 1901.
Messina destroyed by earthquake, Dec. 28. 1908.
Mexican revolution, Nov. 18, 1910. to May 25,
1911; President Diaz forced to resign, May 25,
1911.
Mexican-American crisis; Americans occupy
Vera Cruz, April 21, 1914; eighteen Americans
killed by Villa bandits, Jan. 10. 1916; Villa
raids Columbus, N. M., and kills seventeen
persons, March 9, 1916. American troops invade
Mexico from north ; President Wilson calls
out national guard, June 18, 1916.
Meyerbeer centenary celebrated in Berlin, Sept.
5. 1891.
Morocco conference began, Jan. 16, 1906. .
Mukden, battle of. Feb. 24-March 12. 1905.
McKinley, President, shot by anarchist Sept. 6,
1901; died, Sept. 14. 1901.
Nansen arctic expedition started. July 21. 1893;
returned Aug. 13. 1896.
Nashville, Tenn. (Tennessee Centennial), exposi-
tion. May 1 to Oct. 31. 1897.
New Mexico admitted as a state. Jan. 6, 1912.
Nicholas II. proclaimed czar of Russia. Nov. 2.
1894; crowned. May 26. 1896; attempted assassi-
nation of, Jan. 19, 1905 ; deposed, March 15,
1917 ; put to death, July 16, 1918.
Norge disaster. June 28. 1904.
North Collinwood (O.) school disaster. March 4.
1908.
North pole reached by Commander Robert E.
Peary, April 6, 1909.
North sea naval battle (see Jutland).
Norway dissolved union with Sweden. June 7, 1905.
Oklahoma and Indian Territory admitted to union
as state of Oklahoma. Nov. 16, 1907.
Omaha tornado March 23. 1913.
Omaha. Neb. (Trans-Mississippi), exposition. June
1 to Nov. 1. 1898.
Omdurman. battle of, Sept. 4, 1898.
Oscar II., king of Sweden, died. Dec. 8. 1907.
Otto, insane king of Bavaria, deposed. Nov. 6.
1913; died. Oct. 11, 1916.
Panama canal property bought by the United
States. Feb. 16. 1903.
Panama fraud trials in Paris. Jan. 10 to March
21. 1893.
Panama revolution. Nov. 3. 1903.
Pan-American congress, first, began, Oct. 2. 1889:
second. Oct. 23, 1902.
Parcel post established In United States. Jan. 1,
1913.
Paris exposition. 1878. 1889. 1900.
Paris flood. Jan. 20-Feb. 1, 1910.
Peace conference called by czar, Aug. 24. 1898;
opened at The Hague. May 18, 1899; closed.
July 29. 1899; second peace conference. June 15-
Oct. 18. 1907.
Peace palace at The Hague dedicated. Aug. 28.
1913.
Pekin captured by the allies, Aug. 15, 1900.
Petrpgrad riots. Jan. 22. 1905.
Philippine-American war began, Feb. 4, 1899;
ended April 30, 1902.
Philippines ceded to the United States. Dec. 10.
1898.
Pope Benedict XV. elected, Sept. 3, 1914.
Pope Leo XIII. died, July 20, 1903.
Pope Pius X.. elected. Aug. 4. 1903; died. Aug.
20. 1914.
Portland, Ore. (Lewis and Clark), exposition,
June 1 to Oct. 14. 1905.
Port Arthur captured by the Japanese from the
Chinese. Nov. 21, 1894; from Russians, Jan. 1.
1905.
Porto Rico ceded to the United States. Dec. 10.
1898.
Porto Rico hurricane. Aug. 8. 1899.
Portugal. King Carlos, and Crown Prince Luiz of,
assassinated. Feb. 1, 1908; Manuel II. deposed
and republic declared. Oct. 3-4. 1910.
Postage between United States and Britain re-
duced to 2 cents. Oct. 1. 1908.
Postal banks established in United States, Jan.
3. 1911.
Preparedness campaign In United States, 1915-1916.
Pretoria captured by the British. June 4. 1900.
Pullman strike began. May 11, 1894 ; boycott be-
gan, June 26; rioting in Chicago and vicinity,
June and July; strike and boycott ended. August.
Reciprocity (with Canada) bill passed by congress
and signed by President Taft. July 26, 1911;
rejected by Canada, Sept. 21, 1911.
Rhodes. Cecil, died, March 26, 1902.
Roentgen ray discovery made public, Feb. 1. 1896.
Roosevelt. Theodore, became president of the
United States on death of McKinley. Sept. 14.
1901: elected to same office. Nov. 8. 1904; at-
tempted assassination of, Oct. 14, 1912.
Russia- Japan war began, Feb. 7, 1904: ended
Sent. 5. 1905.
Russian revolution overthrows czarism, March
12, 1917.
Sakura.Hma. eruption of, Jan. 11-13. 1914.
Salem (Mass.) fire, June 25, 1914.
Salisbury, Premier, resigned. July 13. 1902: died.
Aug. 22. 1903.
St. Louis clubhouse (Missouri Athletic) fire. March
9. 1914: lives lost, thirty.
St. Louis cyclone. May 27. 1896.
St. Louis (Louisiana Purchase) exposition. April
30 to Dec. 1. 1904.
St. Pierre, Martinique, destroyed, May 8. 1902.
San Francisco earthquake and flre, April 18-20.
1906.
San .Tnan and El Caney, battles of. July 1, 1898.
Santiago de Cuba, naval battle of. July 3. 1898.
Santiago de Cuba surrendered. July 17. 1898.
Schley inquiry ordered. July 26, 1901: began.
Sept. 20; ended. Nov. 7: verdict announced.
Dec. 13.
Schurz. Carl. died. May 14. 1906.
Scott, Robert F.. explorer, perished In blizzard
after reaching south pole. March 29. 1913.
Seattle, Wash. (Alaska-Yukon), exposition, June
1 to Oct. 16. 1909.
Senators. U. S.. direct election amendment pro-
claimed. May 31. 1913.
Sergius, Grand Duke, assassinated. Feb. 17. 1905.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
173
Serbia, king and queen of, assassinated, June 11,
1903.
Shah of Persia, assassinated. May 1, 1896.
Simplon tunnel completed, Feb. 25, 1905.
Skager-Rak naval buttle (see Jutland).
Somme, battle of, began, July 1, 1916.
South pole reached by Capt. Roald Amundsen,
Dec. 16. 1911; reached by Capt. Robert F. Scott.
Jan. 17. 1912.
Spanish-American war began. April 25. 1898: peace
protocol signed. Aug. 12. 1898; Paris peace
treaty signed, Dec. 12: peace treaty ratified,
Feb. 6. 1899.
Springfield (111.) riots and lynchings. Aug. 14-15.
1908.
Standard Oil decision by United States Supreme
court. May 15. 1911.
Stolypin. premier of Russia, shot by assassin,
Sept. 14. 1911: died, Sept. 18.
Stone. Ellen M.. captured by brigands, Sept. 3,
1901: released. Feb. 23. 1902.
Sulzer. William, governor of New York, impeached
and removed from office. Oct. 17. 1913.
Sussex sunk, March 24, 1916.
Tart, William H.. elected president of the United
States. Nov. 3. 1908.
• Tariff (Payne- Aldrich) act approved. Aug. 5. 1909:
(Underwood-Simmons) act approved. Oct. 3, 1913.
Titanic steamship sunk, April 15, 1912.
Tobacco trust decision, May 29, 1911.
Transvaal republic annexed to Great Britain,
Sept. 1. 1900.
Turkey, rattan of, proclaimed constitution, July
24. 1908; Sultan Abdul Hamid deposed. April 27.
1909.
Turkey, war with Italy over Tripoli began, Sept.
29, 1911; ended, Oct. 18. 1912-.
TurUey. war with Balkan states began; Oct. 8.
1912 ; Nazim Pasha assassinated. Jan. 23, 1913.
Union of South Africa proclaimed, May 31, 1910.
United States entered European war, April 6,
1917.
Utah admitted as a state. Feb. 4. 1896.
Valparaiso earthquake. Aug. 16, 1906.
Venezuelan blockade by England. Germany and
Italy began in first part of December. 1902;
ended, Feb. 13, 1903.
Verdun, battle of, began, Feb. 22, 1916.
Vesuvius, great eruption of. April 1-10. 1906.
Victor Emmanuel III., king of Italy, crowned.
Aug. 11. 1902; attempt to assassinate, March
14. 1912.
Victoria, queen of England, died, Jan. 22. 1901.
Volturno disaster. Oct. 9. 1913.
War, great European, began, Aug. 1, 1914 ; United
States entered, April 6, 1917 ; war ended, Nov.
11, 1918.
Wilhelmina proclaimed queen of Holland, Aug.
31. 1898.
Wilson,' Woodrow, elected president of the United
States, Nov. 5, 1912; re-elected, Nov. 7, 1916.
Windsor hotel. New York, burned. March 17. 1899.
World's Fair in Chicago opened. May 1. 1893:
ended. Oct. 30. 1893.
World war (see European war).
Wyoming admitted as state, July 10, 1890.
Yalu. battle of. Sept. 17, 1894.
GIFTS FOB NEGRO Y. M. C. A. BUILDINGS.
Made by Julius Rosenwald of Chicago and others.
Julius Rosenwald fci January, 1911, offered
to contribute $25,000 toward the cost of a
Y. M. C. A. building- for colored men and boys
in any city of the United States that would
raise at least $75,000 additional to make a
minimum fund of $100,000. As the result of
this offer $250,000 has been paid out by Mr.
Rosenwald for buildings in Chicago, Washing-
ton, Indianapolis. Philadelphia, Kansas City.
Cincinnati, Brooklyn, St. Louis. Baltimore and
Atlanta. In addition, $75,000 is ready to
be paid by Mr. Rosenwald for buildings in
Rosenwald
To*ftl cost.
Atlanta $123,609.00
Baltimore
Brooklyn . . .
Chicago . . .
Columbus . .
Cincinnati . .
Indianapolis
Kansas City
New York. .
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh .
St. Louis. ..
Washington
Totals $1.994.764.45 $325.000
NOTE — Of the above cities all except Colum-
bus. New York and Pittsburgh have met the
conditions of Mr. Rosenwald's gift. These
three cities have been granted an extension of
time. The above table does not include a
promise of $25,000 to the colored Y. W. C. A.
110,000.00
208,545.85
186,767.14
116.450.00
112.500.00
105,000.00
104.014.51
358.000.00
110,000.00
160.000.00
185.000.00
114,877.95
gifts.
$25,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
25.000
25,000
25,000
25.000
25,000
25.000
25.000
25,000
Columbus. Pittsburgh and New York, when
they have complied with all conditions. By
means of Mr. Rosenwald's offer others have
contributed to a total actual, and as to Colum-
bus, Pittsburgh and New York prospective, dis-
bursement of $2.000.000. Nearly $1,000.000
is the gift of White people. More than a
quarter of a million dollars was given by
negroes in the various copimunities benefited.
The following table, prepared by W. J. Par-
ker, business manager of the Chicago Y. M.
C. A., analyzes the $2,000,000 disbursement:
By local By local Other
whites. negroes. sources.
$39.348.45 $30,797.69 $28,462.86
50,000.00 20,000.00 15,000.00
14,648.00
22,000.00
15.000.00
16.000.00
10,000.00
25,183.85
11,286.57
13.000.00
12.000.00
57.500.00
35,000.00
160.597.85
60.000.00
76.450.00
71.500.00
55,000.00
44.526.43
113.713.43
62,000.00
90,000.00
102.500.00
34.877.95
8,300.00
79,767.14
15.000.00
9,304.23
208,000.00
10,000.00
33,000.00
20.000.00
Year.
1919
1918
1918
1913
1918
1916
1913
1914
1919
1913
1919
1918
1912
NOTABLE GIFTS AND
Butler, Mrs. Margaret L., St. Louis, Mo., by
will to Lindenwood college, St. Charles, Mo.,
$1.000,000.
Carnegie, Andrew, New York, to McGill uni-
versity, Montreal, $1.000,000.
Crane, Zenas. Dalton, Mass., by will to educa-
tional, charitable and other institutions,
$500,000.
Harris. George B., Chicago, by will to Presby-
terian hospital and Art Institute of Chicago,
$1.700.000, to be shared equally.
$960,514.11 $282,416.11 $426.834.23
of New York (made because a joint fund was
raised there) on conditions similar to those
for the colored Y. M. C. A. An extension of
time has been granted to the New York women
until Jan. 1, 1919. The building they pro-
pose to erect will cost upward of $100,000.
BEQUESTS IN 1918.
Hoge, John, Zanesville, O.. to Metropolitan mu-
seum. New York, N. Y., $950,000.
Noyes, La Verne W.. Chicago, to the University
of Chicago, $2,500.000.
Palmer, Mrs. Potter, by will to educational and
philanthropic institutions, $525,000.
Schaffner, Joseph, Chicago, by will to Michael
Reese hospital. $20.000; to Northwestern uni-
versity, $10.000.
Schapper, Ferdinand, Blue Island. 111., by will
to Chicago Art institute, $50.000.
Sterling. John W., New York. N. Y., by will to
Yale university, $20,000,000.
174
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
DEATHS OF NOTED MEN AND WOMEN (1890-1918).
Abbey, Edwin A.. Ang. 1. 1911.
Abdul Haniid. Feb. 10. 1918.
Adams, C. F., March 8, 1918.
Adams, Chas. F., Mar. 20, 1915.
Aehrenthal. A. L.. Feb. 17, 1912.
Aldrich, N. W., April 16, 1915.
Aldrich. T. B.. March 19. 1907.
Alexander III.. Nov. 1, 1894.
Alexander, J. W., June 1, 1915.
Alexis. Nord. May 1. 1910.
Allen, Grant, Oct. 25. 1895.
Allison, W. B.. Aug. 4. 1908.
Alma-Tadema, L., June 24, 1912.
Altgeld. John P., March 12. 1902.
Altaian, Benjamin, Oct. 7. 1913.
Alverstone, Visc'nt, Dec. 15,1915.
Anderson. Gadusha, July 20, 1918.
Andrassy. Count, Jan. 30, 1900.
Angell, James B., April 1, 1916.
Anthony, Susan B., Mar. 13. 1906.
Arabl Pasha. Sept. 21, 1911.
Archbold. J. D., Dec. 5, 1916.
Armour. Philip D.. Jan. 6. 1901.
Armstrong, M., May 26, 1918.
Arnold. Edwin. March 25, 1904.
Astor. John J., April 15, 1912.
Astor, John Jacob, Feb. 22, 1890.
Audran. Edmond, Aug. 19, 1901.
Austin, Alfred, June 1, 1913.
Avebury. Lord. May 28. 1913.
Barnum. P. T., April 7. 1891.
Barr. Robert. Oct. 22, 1912.
Bartholdi, F. A., Oct. 4, 1904.
Barton, Clara, April 12. 1912.
Bascom, John, Oct. 2. 1911.
Bebel. August F., Aug. 13, 1913.
Becquerel, A. H., Aug. 25. 1908.
Behring, B. von, April 1, 1917.
Beit, Alfred, July 16. 1906.
Bell, Digby, June 20, 1917.
Bellamy. Edward, May 22. 1898.
Bellew. Kyrle, Nov. 2, 1911.
Belmont, August, Nov. 24. 1890.
Belmont, O. H. P.. June 10, 1908.
Bennett. Jas. G., May 14, 1918.
Bertillon. A., Feb. 13, 1914.
Besant. Sir Walter, June 9. 1901.
. Bigelow, John. Dec. 19. 1911.
Bismarck. Prince. July 30, 1898.
Bitter, Karl T. F., April 10, 1915.
BJornson. B., April 26. 1910.
Black, FranK S.. March 21. 1913.
Black, John O., Aug. 17, 1915.
Black. William. Dec. 10. 1898.
Blackie. J. S.. March 3. 1895.
Blackwood. W.. Nov. 11, 1912.
Elaine, James G.. Jan. 27, 1893.
Blake, Lillie D., Dec. 30. 1913.
Blavatsky. Mme.. May 9. 1891.
Bliss. Cornelius N., Oct. 9, 1911.
Blouet. Paul. May 24. 1903.
Bogardus, A. H.. March 23, 1913.
Boito, Arrigo, June 11, 1918.
Bonheur. Rosa, May 25. 1899.
Booth. Edwin. June 7, 1893.
Booth. William. Ang. 20. 1912.
Boucicault. Aubrey. July 10. 1913.
Bowman, Thomas. March 8. 1914.
Bradley, L. D.. Jan. 9. 1917.
Brady, A. N., July 22. 1913.
Bragg. Edward S.. June 20. 1912.
Brahms, Johannes, April 2. 1897.
Brassey. Thomas. Feb. 23V 1918.
Breton, Jules A.. July 5. 1906.
Brewer, David" J., March 28, 1910.
Brlsson, Henri, April 14, 1912.
Bristow, Benj. H., June 22, 1896.
Brooks. Phillips. Jan. 23, 1893.
Brough. Lionel, Nov. 8, 1909.
Buck, Dudley, Oct. 6, 1909.
Bucknor, S. B.. Jan. 8. 1914.
Bullen, Frank T., Mar. 1, 1915.
Bulow. Hans von. Feb. 13. 1894.
Burdett-Coutts. Baroness, Dec.
SO. 1906.
Burdette, R. J., Nov. 19, 1914.
Burleigh. B., June 17. 1914
Burnand. P. O., April 21, 1917.
Burnham. D. H.. June 1, 1912.
Burrows, J. C., Nov. 16, 1915.
Busse, F. A.. July 9, 1914.
Butler, Gen. B. F.. Jan. 11, 1893.
Calhoun. W. J., Sept. 19, 1916.
Campbell-Bannerman, H.. April
22, 1908.
Canalejas, J., Nov. 12, 1912.
Garden, D., Oct. 16, 1915.
Carleton, H. G.. Dec. 10, 1910.
Carleton. Will. Dec. 18. 1912.
Carlisle. John G., July 31, 1910.
Carlos I., Feb. 1, 1908.
Carnot, President, June 24, 1894.
Carolus-Duran. E. A., Feb. 18,
1917.
Carreno, Terese, June 12, 1917.
Carte, D'Oyly, April 3, 1901.
Casimir-Perier, March 12, 1907.
Cervera, P., April 3, 1909.
Chamberlain, Jos.. July 2. 1914.
Chanute. Octave, Nov. 23. 1910.
Chase, Wru. M., Oct. 25, 1916.
Childs. George W., Feb. 3, 1894.
Choate, Joseph H., May 14, 1917.
Christian IX., Jan. 29, 1906.
Chulalongcorn I., Oct. 23. 1910.
Claretie, Jules, Dec. 23, 1913.
Clarke, Chas. H., Aug. 10, 1915.
Clay, Bertha M., March 14. 1914.
Clemens, S. L.. April 21. 1910.
Clement, Clay, Feb. 21. 1910.
Cleveland. Grover. June 24. 1908.
Cody, W. F., Jan. 10, J917.
Coleridge-Taylor, S., Sept. 1, 1912.
Collyer, Robert. Nov. 30. 1912.
Colonne, Edouard. March 28, 1910.
Comstock, A.. Sept. 21, 1915.
Constant, Benjamin, May 26. 1902.
Cooke, Jay, Feb. 16, 1905.
Cooley, L. E., Feb. 3, 1917.
Coppee, Francois, May 23, 1908.
Coquelin, B. C., Jan. 26. 1909.
Coquelin. E. A. H.. Feb. 8, 1909.
Corbin, Austin, June 4. 1896.
Corning. Erastus, Aug. 30. 1896.
Corthell, E. L., May 16, 1916.
Cox, George B., May 20. 1916.
Cramp, Eclwiu S., June 6. 1913.
Crane. Richard T., Jan. 8, 1912.
Crawford, Emily, Dec. 30, 1915.
Crawford. F. AI., April 9. 1909.
Crawford, Jack, Feb. 27, 1917.
Crockett, S. R.. April 20. 1914.
Croke. Archbishop, July 22, 1902.
Cromer, Earl of, Jan. 29, 1917.
Cronje. Piet, Feb. 4, 1911.
Crook, George, March 19, 1890.
Crosby, Fanny, Feb. 12, 1915.
Cullom, Shelby M., Jan. 28, 1914.
Cammings, Amos J., May 2. 1902.
Curie, Pierre. April 19, 1906.
Curtin, Jeremiah, Dec. 14. 1906.
Curtis, George W.. Aug. 31, 1892.
Curtis, William E., Oct. 5. 1911.
Curzon. Lady, July 18, 1906.
Cuyler. T. L.. Feb. 26, 1909.
Dahn. Felix S., Jan. 3, 1912.
Daly, Augustin, July 7. 1899.
Dana, Charles A., Oct. 17. 1897.
Daniel. John W., June 29, 1910.
Davenport. Homer0 May 2. 1912.
Davis. George R.,. Nov. 25. 1899.
J Davis, Henry G.., Mar. 11, 1916.
Davis. Mrs. Jeff.. Oct. 16. 1906.
Davis, Richard H., April 11,1916.
Davis. Winnie. Sept. 18. 1898.
Davitt. Michael, May 31. 1906.
Debussy, C. O., March 26, 1918.
Deering, Wm.. Dec. 9, 1913.
De Martens, F., June 20, 1909.
Oetaille, Edouard, Dec. 24. 1912.
Dewey, George, Jan. 16, 1917.
Diaz, Porfirio, July 2, 1915.
Dilke. Chns. W., Jan. 26. 1911.
Dingley. Nelson. Jan. 13. 1S99.
Dodge, G. M., Jan. 3, 1916.
Dolliver. J. P., Oct. 15. 1910.
Donnelly. Ignatius, Jan. 2, 1901.
Dous'.ass. Fred'k, Feb. 20. 1895.
Drachman, Holger, Jan. 15, 1908.
Draper, Andrew S., Apr. 27, 1913.
Drextl, Anthony J., Juiie 30, 1893.
Driver. S. R., Feb. 26. 1914.
Drummoud, H., March 11, 1897.
Du Maurier, G.. Oct. 8, 1896.
Dumas, Alt-xandre, Nov. 27, 1895.
Dunbar. Paul L.. Feb. 9, 1906.
Dvorak. Antonin. May 1, 1904.
Dwight, Timothy, May 26, 1916.
East. Sir Edward, Sept. 28, 1913.
Kddy. Mary Baker, Dec. 3. 1910.
Edward VII., May 6. 1910.
Edwards, Amelia B., April 15, 1892.
Eggleston, Edw'd, Sept. 3, 1902.
Eggleston. G. Cary, April 14, 1911.
Ehrlich, Paul, Aug. 20, 1915.
Elizabeth, Empress, Sept. 10, 1898.
Elkins. Stephen B., Jan. 4. 1911.
Ellis, Edw. S., June 20, 1916.
Emmett. "Fritz," June 15, 1891.
English. Wm. H.. Feb. 7. 1896.
Evans. Robley D., Jan. 3, 1912.
Evarts. Wm. M.. Feb. 28. 1901.
Faguet, E., June 7, 1916.
Fair. James G., Dec. 28. 1894.
Fairbanks, C. W., June 4, 1918.
Fairchild, Lucius, May 23, 1896.
Faithfull. Emily. June 1. 1895.
Farley, J. M., Sept. 17, 1918.
Farjeon, B. L., July 23. 1903.
Faure. Felix. Feb. 16. 1899.
Fenn. G. M., Aug. 27. 1909.
Ferdinand, Archduke. June 28,
1914.
Ferrer. Francisco, Oct. 13, 1909.
Field. Cyrus W., July 12, 1892.
Field. Eugene, Nov. 4, 1895.
Field, Kate, May 18. 1896.
Field. Marshall. Jan. 16. 1906.
Field, Richard M.. Nov. 11, 1902.
Field, Stephen J.. April 9. 1899.
Finlay, Chas., Ang. 20, 1915.
Fisk. Clinton B.. July 9. 1890.
Fitch, George, Aug. 9, 1915.
Flagier. Henry M., May 20. 1913.
Florence. Wm, J., Nov. 19. 1891.
Flower, Roswell P., May 12, 1899.
Foraker. J. B., May 10, 1917. ,
Forbes. Archibald. March 30.1900.
Ford. Patrick. Sept. 23. 1913.
Foss, Cyrus D., Jan. 29. 1910.
Fox, Delia, June 16. 1913.
Francis Joseph I., Nov. 21, 1916.
Frederick VIII.. May 14. 1912.
Frederick, Empress. Aug. 5, 1901.
Fremont, John C.. July 13, 1890.
French, W. M. R., June 3, 1914.
Frohman, Chas., May 7, 1915.
Froude, James A.. Oct. 20. 1894.
Frye. William P., Aug. 8, 1911.
Fuller. Melville W.. July 4. 1910.
Funston, F., Feb. 19, 1917.
Furness. H. H.. Aug. 13. 1912.
Gaillard. D. D.. Dec. 5. 1913.
Gallieni, J. S., May 27, 1916.
Garnett, Henry, Nov. 5, 1914.
Gary, Joseph E., Oct. 31, 1906.
Gates. Jolm W.. Aug. 9, 1911.
Gaynor, Wm. J.. Sent. 10. 1913.
Geikie, James, March 2, 1915.
George. Henry, Oct. 29, 1896.
Goorce I. (Greece), Mar. 18, 1913.
Gilbert, William S.. May 2, 1911.
Gilder, Jeannette JL., Jan. 17,
1916.
Gilder. R. W.. Nov. 18, 1909.
Gill, David, Jan. 24, 1914.
Gilmore, Patr'k S., Sept. 24, 1892.
Gladden, Wash'n, July 2, 1918.
Gladstone, W. E., May 19. 1898.
Goode, George B.. Sept. 6. 1896.
Goodwin, J. Cheever. Dec. 18. 1912.
Gould, Jay. Dec. 2, 1892.
Gounod. Charles F., Oct. 18, 1893.
Grant. F. D.. April 11, 1912.
Grau. H., Oct. 27, 1912.
Gray, Elisha, Jan. 21. IflOi.
Green, Hetty, July 3, 1916.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
175
Gresham. Walter Q.. May28, 1895.
Grieg. Edvard, Sept. 4. 1907.
Grodekoff. N. I.. Dec. 26, 1913.
Grundy, Sydney, July 4, 1914.
Guild, Curtis, April 6, 1915.
Guiluiaut. F. A.. March 30. 1911.
Hagenbeck, Carl. April 14, 1913.
Hale, Edward E.. June 10, 1909.
Halevy, Ludovic, May 8, 1908.
Halstead, Murat, July 2. 1908.
Hauultoi-. Gail, Aug. 17, 1896.
Hampton, Wade, April 11. 1902.
Hanlon. Edward. Jan. 4, 1908.
Hanna, Marcus A., Feb. 15, 1904.
Haushaw. T. W.. March 4, 1914.
Harahau, J. T., Jan. 22, 1912.
Hardie, J. K., Sept. 26, 1915.
Harlau. John M.. Oct. 14, 1911.
Harper, Olive, May 3, 1915.
Harper, William R., Jan. 10.1906.
Harpignies, H. J., Aug. 28, 1916.
Harriman. E. H.. Sept. 9, 1909.
Harris. J. Chandler. July 3. 1908.
Harris. William T.. Nov. 5, 1909.
Harrison, Ben]., March 13. 1901.
Harrison. Carter, Sr., Oct. 28, 1893.
Hatch, Rurus. Feb. 23. 1893.
Hay. John. July 1. 1905.
Hayes, R. B.. Jan. 17. 1893.
Hearn. Lafcadio. Sept. 26. 1904.
Heilprin, Angelo. July 17. 1907.
Heilprin, Louis. Feb. 13. 1912.
Henderson, C. R., Mar. 29, 1915.
Henderson, D. B.. Feb. 25, 1906.
Henry, O., June 6, 1910.
Hepburn, W. P., Feb. 7, 1916.
Herkomer, H. von. March 31. 1914.
Herne, James A., June 2, 1901.
Hewitt. Abram S., Jan. 18. 1903.
Heyse. Paul. April 2, 1914.
Hiikoff, M.. March 21. 1909.
Hill. David B., Oct. 20, 1910.
Hill, James J., .May 29, 1916.
Hitchcock. E. A.. April 9, 1909.
Hitt. John. April 29. 1911.
Hitt. Robert R.. Sept. 20, 1906.
Hoar, George F.. Sept. 30, 1904.
Hobart Garret A.. Nov. 21. 1899.
Hodler, Ferdinand, May 21, 1918.
Hoe. Robert Sept. 22, 1909.
Holden. E. S.. March 16. 1914.
Hollaender, G., Dec. 6, 1915.
Holleben T. von, Feb. 1. 1913.
Holrnan. W. S.. April 22. 1897.
Holmes, Mary Jane. Oct. 6, 1907.
Holmes, Oliver W.. Oct. 7, 1894.
Howard, O. O.. Oct. 26, 1909.
Howe, Julia Ward, Oct. 17. 1910.
Hoxie, Vinnle R., Nov. 20, 1914.
Hubbard, Elbert, May 7, 1915.
Huerta, V., Jan. 13, 1916.
Humbert. King. July 29. 1900.
Hunt. William H.. Sept. 7. 1910.
Huntington. C. P.. Aug. 14. 1900.
Hutchins. Stilson. April 22,1912.
Huxley. Thos. H., June 29. 1894.
Hyacinthe. Pere, Feb. 9. 1912.
Ibsen, Henrife. May 23. 1906.
Ignatieff. N. P.. July 4. 1908.
Ingalls John J.. Aug. 16, 1900.
Ingerso'll. Robt. G.. July 21. 1899.
Ireland, John, Sept. 25, 1918.
Irving. Henry, Oct. 13, 1905.
Irving. Laurence, May 29. 1914.
Isherwood, B. P., June 19, 1915.
Israels, Joseph, Aug. 12. 1911.
Ito. Admiral Y.. Jan. 14, 1914.
James, Henry, Feb. 28, 1916.
Jameson. L. S., Nov. 26, 1917.
Jaures. Jean L., July 31. 1914.
Jefferson, Joseph, April 23, 1905.
Jewett, Sarah O.. June 24, 1909.
Joachim. Joseph. Aug. 15. 1907.
Jokai. Maurus, May 5, 1904.
Johnson. Eastman, April 6, 1906.
Johnson. J. A.. Sept. 21, 1909.
Jones Fernando. Nov. 8. 1911.
Joubert, Gen., March 27, 1900.
Judd. Orange. Dec. 27. 1892.
Judge, Wm. Q.. March 22. 1896.
Judith, Mme., Oct. 27. 1912.
Kaempf, J., May 25, 1918.
Katsuro, Taro, Oct. 10, 1913.
Keene, James R., Jan. 3. 1913.
Kelcey, Herbert, July 10, 1917.
Kellogg, Clara L., May 13, 1916.
Kelly, Myra, March 31, 1910.
Kelvin. Lord. Dec. 17, 1907.
Kendal, W. H., Nov. 6, 1917.
Kiderlen-Waechter. A. von. Dec.
30, 1912.
Kitchener, H. H., June 5, 1916.
Kjelland, Alexander, April 6, 1906.
Kaott, J. Proctor, June 8, 1911.
Koch. Robert, May 27, 1910.
Kossuth, Louis, March 20. 1894.
Kruger, Paul, July 14. 1904.
Kwaug-Hsu. Nov. 14. 1908.
Labouchere. Henry, Jan. 16, 1912.
La Farge, John. Nov. 14, 1910.
Lamar, J. R., Jan. 2, 1916.
Lamprecht, K., May 11, 1915.
Landon, M. DeL.. Dec. 16, 1910.
Lang, Andrew, July 21, 1912.
Langley, Sam'I P., Feb. 27. 1906.
Larcom. Lucy. April 17. 1893.
Lawton. H. W.. Dec. 19, 1899.
Lecocq, C., Oct. 25, 1918.
Lee, Margaret, Dec. 26, 1914.
Le Febre, J. J.. Feb. 24. 1912.
Lemaitre. F. E., Aug. 6. 1914.
Leo XIII.. July 20, 1903.
Leopold II., Dec. 17. 1909.
Lewis, Alfred H., Dec. 23, 1914.
Li Hung-chang, Nov. 7, 1901.
Liliuokalani, Nov. 11, 1917.
Lister, Joseph. Feb. 11, 1912.
Lockwood, Belva, May 19, 1917.
Logan, Olive. April 23, 1909.
Lombroso, C.. Oct. 19. 1909.
London. Jack, Nov. 27, 1916.
Long, John D., Aug. 27, 1915.
Longpre, Paul de, June 29, 1911.
Lorimer, George C.. Sept. 8. 1904.
Lossing. Benson J., June 3, 1891.
Low, Seth, Sept. 17, 1916,
Lowell. James R.. Ans. 12. 1891.
Lowell. P.. Nov. 12, 1916.
Loyson. Charles. Feb. 9, 1912.
Lubbock, J. (see Avebury).
Lucca, Pauline. Feb. 28. 1908.
Lurton. Horace, July 12, 1914.
Maartens, M., Aug. 4, 1915.
Mabie, H. W.. Dec. 31, 1916.
Mace, Jem, Nov. 30, 1910.
MacNaughton, Mrs. A., March
31. 1910.
MacVeagh, W., Jan. 11, 1917.
Magruder, Benj. D., April 21,1910.
Mahan, Alfred T., Dec. 1, 1914.
Mandel, Leon, Nov. 4. 1911.
Manning. Cardinal, Jan. 14, 1892.
Mansfield, Richard. Aug. 30. 1907.
Marble, M., July 24, 1917.
Maretzek. Max. May 14, 1897.
Markhnm, C. R., Jan. 30, 1916.
Marryat, Florence, Oct. 27. 1899.
Marsh. O. C.. March 18. 1899.
Marsh, Richard, Aug. 10, 1915.
Martinelli. S.. July 5. 1918.
Massenet. Jules. Aug. 13, 1912.
Mathews, Wm.. Feb. 15. 1909.
Maupassant, Guy de, July 6. 1893.
Maxim, H. S.. Nov. 24, 1916.
Mead, Larkin G., Oct. 15. 1910.
Medill. Joseph. March 16, 1899.
Meissonier. Jan. 31. 1891.
Melville, G. W.. March 17. 1912.
Mendes. Catulle. Feb. 8, 1909.
Menelik II., Dec. 12, 1913.
Menzel. Adolf. Feb. 9. 1905.
Meredith, George. May 18. 1909.
Merritt. Wesley, Dec. 3. 1911.
Metchnikoff, E., July 17, 1916.
Meyer, G. von L., March 9, 1918.
Michel. Louise. Jan. 9. 1905.
Millais, Sir John. Aug. 13. 1896.
Miller. .Toaquin, Feb. 17. 1913.
Miller. Roswell. Jan. 3. 1913.
Millet. Francis D., April 15, 1912.
Mills, Benj. Fay, May 1, 1916.
Mills. L. L.. Jan. 18. 1909.
Mills, Roger Q., Sept. 2. 1911.
Mirbeau. O., Feb. 16, 1917.
Mistral. Frederic, March 25. 1914.
Mitchel, John P., July 6, 1918.
Mitchell, Muggie, Mar. 22, 1918.
Modjeska, Helena. April 8, 1909.
Monvel. Boutet de, March 16. 1913.
Moody, D wight L., Dec. 22, 1899.
Morgan, J. P., March 31. 1913.
Morrison, W. R.. Sept. 29. 1909.
Morton, Paul, Jan. 19, 1911.
Mosby, John S., May 30, 1916.
Moscheles, F., Dec. 22, 1917.
Most. Johann, March 17. 1906.
Motilton. Louise C., Aug. 10,1908.
Muensterberg, H., Dec. 16, 1916.
Muir, John, Dec. 24, 1914.
Murphy, J. 13., Aug. 11, 1916.
Murray, J. A. H., July 26, 1915.
Murray. Sir John. March 16. 1914.
Mutsuhito, Emperor, July 30, 1912.
McArthur. John. May 15, 1906.
McCarthy. Justin. April 24, 1912.
M-cClure. A. K.. June 6. 1909.
McCosh. James. Nov. 16. 1894.
McGovern. T., Feb. 22, 1918.
McKin'.ey, Wm.. Sept. 14, 1901.
McLean, J. R., June 9, 1916.
McRea. James, March 28, 1913.
McVicker. Jas. H., March 7. 1896.
Naeyer. Ernst D.. Sept. 10, 1913.
Nares, George S., Jan. 16, 1916.
Nation. Carris, June 9. 1911.
Nelson, W. R., April 12, 1915.
Newcomb, Simon, July 11. 1909.
Newman, J. H., Aug. 11, 1890.
Nightingale. Flor., Aug. 14. 1910.
Nixon. Wm. P., Feb. 20, 1912.
Nogi, M., Sept. 13, 1912.
Nordica. Lillian, May 10, 1914.
Nye, Edgar W.. Feb. 21. 1896.
O'Brien, R. B., March 19, 1918.
Ochiltree. Thos.. Nov. 26, 1902.
Ohnet, Georges, May 5, 1918.
Oliphant. Mrs. M.. June 25. 1897.
Ollivier. Emile, Aug. 20, 1913.
Olney. Richard, April 8, 1917.
Orchardson, W. O., April 13, 1910.
O'Reilly. John B., Aug. 11, 1890.
O'Reilly, R. M.. Nov. 3. 1912.
Oscar II.. Dec. 8, 1907.
Otis, H. G.. July 30, 1917.
Otto, King, Oct. 11, 1S16.
"Ouida" (Louise de la Ramee),
Jan. 24. 1908.
Paine, Chas. J., Aug. 14, 1916.
Paine, Robert T., Aug. 11 1910.
Palma, Tomas E., Nov. 4, 1908.
Palmer, John M., Sept. 25, 1900.
Palmer, Potter. May 4, 1902.
Palmer, Mrs. Potter, May 5,1918.
Palmer, Thos. W., June 1, 1913.
Parker, Joseph, Nov. 28., 1902.
Parkman, Francis, Nov. 8. 1893.
Passy, Frederick, June 12. 1912.
Pastor. "Tony." Aug. 26, 1908.
Payer. J. von, Aug. 31, 1915.
Paz, Jose C. P., March 10. 1912.
Pearsons, D. K., April 27, 1912.
Peck, George W., April 16, 1916.
Peck, Harry T., March 23. 1914.
Peffer. W. A., Oct. 7, 1912.
Pennypacker, S. A., Sept. 2,1916.
Perkins. Eli. Dec. 16. 1910.
Pia, Maria, July 5, 1911.
Piatt, John J., Feb. 16, 1917.
Picquart, M. G.. Jan. 18, 1914.
Pierrepont. E., March 6. 1892.
Pingree, Hazen S.. June 18. 1901.
Pitou, A., Dec. 4, 1915.
Pittman, Ben. Dec. 28, 1910.
Pius X., Aug. 20, 1914.
Platt.-Thos. C.. March 6. 1910.
, Playfair. Lyon, May 29. 1898.
i Plympton, E., April 12, 1915.
Poineare J. H.. July 18. 1912.
Poolo. Wm. F.. March 1, 1894.
Poor, H. W., April 13, 1915.
176
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Porter. Noah. March 4. 1892.
Potter, Henry C.. July 21. 1908.
Pratt. B. L.. May 18, 1917.
Pulitzer. Joseph. Oct. 29, 1911.
Pullman. Geo. M.. Oct. 19. 1897.
Pyle. Howard. Nov. 9. 1911.
Rampolla, Cardinal. Dec. 16. 1913.
Ramsay, Win., July 23, 1916.
Randall. Sam'l J.. April 13. 1890.
Rankin, McKee, April 17. 1914.
Reclus. Elisee, July 4. 1905.
Redmond, J. E., March 6. 1918.
Reed, Thomas. B., Dec. 7. 1902.
Rehan, Ada, Jan. 8, 1916.
Reid. Wuitelaw, Dec. 15. 1912.
Remenyi. Edouard, May 15. 1898.
Remington. F., Dec. 26. 1909.
Renan. Jos. Ernst. Oct. 2. 1892.
Reszke, Edouard de. May 30, 1917.
Rexford, Eben E., Oct. 18, 1916.
Rhodes. Cecil, March 26, 1902.
Ridpath, John C., July 31, 1900.
Riis, Jacob A., May 26. 1914.
Riley, James W., July 22, 1916.
Ristori. Adelaide, Oct. 9. 1906.
Roberts, Lord, Nov. 14, 1914.
Robson, Stuart, April 29. 1903.
Rochefort. Henri, July 1. 1913.
Rockhill, W. W., Dec. 8, 1914.
Rodin. A., Nov. 17, 1917.
Roebling. W.. April 15. 1912.
Rogers. H. H., May 19. 1909.
Rojestvensky, S., Jan. 14, 1909.
Root, George F.. Aug. 6, 1895.
Root. Joseph C., Dec. 25. 1913.
Rose. James A., May 29. 1912.
Rosewater. Edw'd, AUK. 21. 1906.
Rossa, J. O'D., June 29, 1913.
Rothschild, N. M., Mar. 31, 1915.
Roulede. Paul de. Jan. 30. 1914.
Rubinstein, A. G., Nov. 20, 1894.
Ruskin, John, Jan. 20, 1900.
Russell, Sir Chas.. Aug. 10, 1900.
Russell. Wm. H.. Feb. 10. 1907.
Sagasta, Praxedes M., Jan. 5. 1903.
Sage. Russell, July 22, 1906.
St. Gaudens. Aug., Aug. 3, 1907.
St. John, Florence, Jan. 30, 1912.
St. John, John P., Aug. 31, 1916.
Salisbury, Lord. Aug. 22, 1903.
Salvlni. Alexandre, Dec. 14, 1896.
Salvini, Tomasso, Jan. 1, 1916.
Sampson. Wm. T.. May 6. 1902.
Sankey. Ira D.. Aug. 13, 1908.
Sarasate. Pablo de, Sept. 20. 1908.
Sardou, Vlctorien, Nov. 8, 1908.
Satolli. Francis. Jan. 8. 1910.
Schaefer, Jacob. March 8. 1910.
Schley. W. S.. Oct. 2. 1911.
Schliemann. H.. Dec. 25. 1890.
Schurz, Carl. May 14. 1906.
Scott, Robert F.. March 29. 1912.
Segur, Anatole de, Aug. 14, 1916.
Seidl. Anton, March 29, 1898.
Seton-Karr, Henry, May 29. 1914.
Shelley. Kate, Jan. 21. 1912.
Sheridan, M. V.. Feb. 21. 1918.
Sherman. J. S., Oct. 30. 1912.
Sherman. John, Oct. 22. 1900.
Sherman, W. T., Feb. 14, 1891.
Sickles. D. E., Mny 3. 1914.
Sienkiewicz. H., Nov. 16, 1916.
Sigel, Franz, Aug. 21. 1902.
Smiles, Samuel, April 16. 1904.
Smith, F. Hopkinson, Apr.7,1915.
Smith. Golchvin, June 7. 1910.
Smyth. J. M.. Nov. 4. 1909.
Soldene, Emily. April 8, 1912.
Sophia, Queen, Dec. 30. 1913.
Spencer, Herbert, Dec. 8, 1903.
Sprague. O. S. A.. Feb. 20. 1909.
Sprague, Wm., Sept. 11, 1915.
Spreckels, Claus, Dee. 26, 1908.
Stanford. Leland. June 20. 1893.
Stanley. Henry M.. May 10. 1904.
Stanton. Eliz. C.. Oct. 26. 1902.
Stead. Wm. T., April 15. 1912.
Stedman, Edmund C. , Jan. 18, 1908.
Stephenson, I., March 15, 1918.
Stevenson, A. E.. June 14, 1914.
Stillman. Jas., March 15. 1918.
Stockton, Frank R., April 20. 1902.
Stolypin, P. A.. Sept. 18. 1911.
Strakosch. Max. March 17. 1892.
Strathcona. Lord. Jan. 21. 1914.
Strauss. Eduard, Dec. 30. 1916.
Strauss. Johanu, May 3, 1899.
Strindberg. A.. May 14. 1912.
Stuart, Ruth McE., May 4, 1917.
Sullivan, Sir Arthur. Nov. 22. 1900.
Sullivan, J. L., Feb. 2, 1918.
Suppe, Franz von, June 21, 1S93.
Sutro, Adolnh. Aug. 8. 1898.
Suttner, Bertha V., June 21. 1914.
Svendsen. J. S., June 14. 1911.
Swift, Louis. Jan. 5. 1913.
Swinburne, A. C.. April 10, 1909.
Swing. David. Oct. 3. 1894.
Sylva, Carmen, March 2, 1916.
Taine, H. A., March 5, 1893.
Talmage. F. DeW.. Feb. 9. 1912.
1'almage, T. DeW.. April 12. 1902.
Teller. H. M.. Feb. 23. 1914.
Tenniel. John. Feb. 26. 1914.
Tennyson. Alfred, Oct. 6. 1892.
Terry. A. H.. Dec. 16. 1890.
Terry. E. O.. April 2. 1912.
Thaxter, Celia L.. Aug. 27. 1894.
Thebes. Mme. de. Dec. 26, 1916.
Thureau-Dagnan. P., Feb. 24, 1913.
Thurman, Allen G.. Dec. 12. 1895.
Thwaites, R. G., Oct. 22. 1913.
Ticknor. B. H.. Jan. 17. 1914.
Tlllman. Benj. R., July 3, 1918.
Tilton. Theodore. May 25. 1907.
Tisza. Koloman'cle. March 23. 1902.
Tolstoy. Leo, Nov. 20. 1910.
Torney, GPO. H.. Dec. 27, 1913.
Tourgee, Albion W., May 21, 190*.
Townsend. G. A.. April 15. 1914.
Tracy, B. F., Aug. 6, 1915.
Tree, Beerbohm, July 2, 1917.
Trowbridge, J. T., Feb. 12, 1916.
Tschaikowsky, Nov. 5. 1893.
Tsu-Hsi. Nov. 15. 1908. „
Tuley. Murray F.. Dec. 25. 1905.
Twain, Mark (see Clemens,
S. L.).
Tyndall. John, Dec. 4. 1893.
Vambery. Arminius, Sept. 15. 1913.
Vanderbilt, A. G., May 7, 1915.
Vanderbilt, C., Sept. 12. 1899.
Van Norden. W., Jan. 1, 1914.
Verdi. Giuseppe. Jan. 27. 1901.
Verhaeren, E., Nov. 27, 1916.
Verne. Jules, March 24. 1905.
Victoria, Queen Jan. 22 1901.
Vilas. William F.. Aug. 27, 1908.
Villard, Henry. Oct. 12. 1900.
Virchow, Rudolph, Sept. 5. 1902.
Voorhees. D. W.. April 10. 1897.
Wagner, C. W., May 13, 1918.
Waite, C. B.. March 25. 1909.
Wallace, A. R., Nov. 7. 1913.
U'ard, A. Montgomery, Dec. 7,1913.
Ward. John Q. A., May 1. 1910.
Ward. May A., Jan. 14, 1918.
Ware. Eugene F., July 2. 1911.
Warman, Cy. April 7. 1914.
Washington, B. T., Nov. 14,1915.
Watts-Dunton. W. T.. June 7.
1914.
Weaver. Jas. B.. Feb. 6. 1912.
Webster, Jean, June 11, 1916.
Wells, Kate G., Dec. 13. 1911.
Westinghonse. G.. March 12, 1914.
Wheeler, Joseph. Jan. 25. 3906.
Whistler, J. A. McN., July 17,
1903.
White, Andrew D., Nov. 4, 1918.
White, Horace, Sept. 16, 1916.
Whitney. M. W.. Sept. 19, 1910.
Whitney, Wm. C., Feb. 2. 1904
Whittler. John G.. Sept. 7. 1892.
Whymper, Edw'd, Sept. 16, 1911.
Wilde, Oscar, Nov. 30, 1900.
Wilder, M. P., Jan. 10, 1915.
Wilhelmj. August. Jan. 23, 1908.
Willard, Frances E., Feb. 17, 1893.
Wilson, Augusta E., Aug. 9. 1909.
Wilson, Ellen L., Aug. 6, 1914,
Windom. Wm., Jan. 29, 1891.
Wines, F. H., Jan. 31. 1912.
Winter. John S.. Dec. 14. 1911.
Winter, Wm., June 30, 1917.
Wittle, S. J., March 12, 1915.
Wolseley, Visc't. March 25, 1913.
Woodford. S. L., Feb. 14 1913.
Woodruff, Tim. L., Oct. 12, 1913.
Woolley, Celia P., Mar. 9, 1918.
Wright, Carroll D., Feb. 20, 1909.
Wright, Wilbur. May 30. 1912.
Wyman, A. U., March 4, 1915.
Wyman. Walter, Nov. 21, 1911.
Yates. Edmund H.. May 20. 1894.
Yeamans. Annie, March 3, 1912.
Yerkes. Chas. T.. Dec. 29. 1905.
Yuan Shih-kai, June 6, 1916.
Zeppelin, F., March 8, 1917.
Zola. Ernile. Sept. 29. 1902.
MEMBERS OF THE
Name. Elected.
Haussonville, Comte de, b. 1843 1888
Freycinet, Charles de. b. 1828 1890
Loti-Viaud. Pierre, b. 1850 1891
Lavisse. Ernest, b. 1842 1892
Bourget, Paul, b. 1852 1894
France. Anatole, b. 1844 1896
Hanotaux, Gabriel, b. 1853 1897
Lavedan, Henri, b. 1859 1898
Deschanel. Paul, b. 1856 1899
Rostand. Edmond. b. 1868 1901
Bazin. Rene, b. 1853 1903
Masson. Frederick, b. 1847 1903
Lamy, Etienne. b. 1845 1905
Ribot, Alexandre. b. 1842 1905
Barres. Maurice, b. 1862 1906
Donnay. Maurice, b. 1866 1907
Richepin. Jean, b. 1849 1908
Doumic, Rene, b. 1860 .1909
Prevost, Marcel, b. 1862 1909
Alcard, Jean, b. 1848 1909
FRENCH ACADEMY.
Name. Elected.
Brieux, Eugene, b. 1858.... 1909
Poincare, Raymond, b. 1850 1909
Duchesne, Mgr., b. 1848 1910
Reg-nier. Henri de, b. 1864 1 911
Cochin, Denys. b. 1851 1911
Lyautey. Louis, b. 1854 1912
Bergson, Henri L.. b. 1859 . .1914
Capus, Alfred,-b. 1858 1914
Gorce, Pierre de la, b. 1846 1914
Joflre, Joseph J. C., b. 1852 1918
Barthou. Louis, b. 1862 1918
Baudrillart, Alfred 1918
Cambon, Jules, b. 1845 1918
Boylesve, Rene, b. 1807 1918
Curel. Francis de 1918
The Acndemie Francaise, or French Academy,
was instituted in 1635. It is a part of the
Institute of France and its particular func-
tion is to conserve the French language, foster
literature and encourage genius.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
177
UNITED STATES MOJ
[Bureau of the
DEATHS PER 1,000 OF POPULATION IN
THE REGISTRATION AREA.
Annual average.
1906-10.f913.1914.1915.1916.
Registration area 15.1 14.1 13.6 13.5 14.0
Registration states.. .15.0 13.9 13.4 13.3 13.9
Cities in registration ,
states * 16 3 15 0 14 5 14 2 15 0
RTALITY STATISTICS.
census report.]
City. 1906-10. 1914. 1915. 1916.
Detroit, Mich 14.8 15.6 157 190
Fall River, Mass 197 17.3 159 170
Grand Rapids, Mich... 13.3 12.9 12.5 12.2
Indianapolis. Ind 15.2 15 9 14 7 156
Jersey City, N. J 17.7 13.8 14.5 14.6
Kansas City. Mo 14.6 14.0 14.7 14.5
Rural part of regis-
tration states 13 4 12 7 12 3 12 3 12 9
Louisville, Ky.* 17.4 16.5 15.0 15.0
The registration area in 1916 included twenty-
six states, the District of Columbia and thirty-
five cities in nonregistration states, containing
70.2 per cent of the total estimated population
of continental United States. The total num-
ber of deaths reported in this area in 1916 was
1,001,921. The estimated population of the
area was 71,621,632 and the death rate was
consequently 14 per 1,000 of population.
In Registration States.
Death rates per 1,000 population.
1911.1912.1913.1914.1915.1916.
California 13.7 14.2 14.5 13.6 13.7 13.5
Colorado 12.9 11.6 11.5 11.2 11.3 10.3
Connecticut ....15.4 14.9 15.0 15.1 14.9 16.3
Dist. of Col..... 18.7 18.3 17.3 16.6
Indiana 12.9 13.0 13.3 12.9 12.7 13.6
Memphis, Tenn.* 20.6 20.7 19.8 ....
Milwaukee, Wis 13.7 11.8 114 12.7
Minneapolis, Minn 11.0 12.0 11.5 12.4
Nashville, Tenn.* 19.3 18.4 17.2
Newark, N. J 17.2 14.5 13.1 15.0
New Haven. Conn 17.3 16.1 15.7 17.0
New Orleans. La. « 21.7 20.5 21.2 18.4
New York, N. Y 16.9 14.1 139 13.9
Oakland, Cal 1-5.4 11.6 114 105
Omaha, Neb 13.8 138 122 144
Paterson, N. J 15.7 13.5 13.2 14.5
Philadelphia, Pa 17.7 16.1 15.6 16.2
Pittsburgh, Pa 18.0 15.7 15.3 17.4
Portland, Ore 10.3 9.1 8.4 8.0
Providence, R. 1 17.6 15.2 14.6 15.8
Richmond, Va.* 22.5 19.7 18.9 19.7
Rochester, N. Y 14.7 14.3 13.9 14.4
St. Louis, Mo 15.6 15.0 13.8 14.9
Kentucky 13.2 12.9 13.1 12.9 12.3 12.6
Maine 16.1 15.5 15.3 15.1 15.6 15.7
St. Paul. Minn 11.0 11.4 10.7 12.4
San Francisco. Cal 16.1 15.5 15.9 15.4
Scranton Pa 16 3 15 8 14 7 14 4
Maryland 15.8 15.6 16.2 15.9 15.8 16.5
Massachusetts .15.3 15.0 15.0 14.7 14.5 15.2
Michigan 13.2 13.4 13.9 13.4 13.4 15.1
Minnesota 10.5 95 104 106 101 107
Seattle, Wash... .. 9.8 8.1 7.4 7.0
Spokane, Wash 12.8 86 8.1 7.0
Syracuse. N. Y 15.2 14.8 13.2 15.2
Missouri 13.1 12.6 12.4 12.3 12.1 12.9
Montana 10.2 10.1 12.0 11.2 11.4 12.6
New Hampshire.17.1 16.4 17.1 16.3 16.1 16.1
New Jersey 14.7 14.1 14.3 14.2 13.8 15.0
.New York 15.5 15.0 15.0 14.7 14.6 14.8
North Carolina. 18.3 17.3 16.8 19.0 17.3 13.1
Ohio 13.1 13.4 138 130 131 144
Washington. D. C.*...,19.6 16.6 18.1 17.8
Worcester. Mass 17.1 15.7 15.4 17.8
•Cities in which 10 per cent or more of the
population in 1910 were colored.
DEATHS FROM CERTAIN CAUSES (1916.)
Number in registration area and rate per
100,000 population.
Cause. Number. Rate.
Typhoid lever... 9510 133
Pennsylvania ...14.2 14.0 14.6 13.9 13.8 14.6
Rhode Island... 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.7 14.8 15.5
South Carolina 13 8
'Utah 10.3 9.9 11.0 10.1 9.9 10.4
Vermont 15.8 15.2 15.8 15.0 14.7 15.6
Virginia 13.9 14.0 14.2 14.7
Malaria 2175 30
Smallpox . . . 114 0 2
Washington 8.9 7.9 8.5 8.1 8.1 7.7
Wisconsin 11.5 11.3 11.5 11.1 10.8 11.8
Measles 7947 111
Scarlet fever 2,355 3.3
Whooping cough • 7 284 10 2
All reg. states.13.9 14.6 14.7 13.4 13.9 13.9
Blanks indicate that the states concerned
were not registration states in the years speci-
fied.
DEATH RATES IN AMERICAN CITIES.
Annual average per 1,000 of population.
City. 1906-10. 1914. 1915. 1916.
Albany, N. Y 18.6 194 20.0 193
Diphtheria 10.367 ,14.5
Influenza 18,886 26.4
Epidemic diseases,... 6,461 9.0
Tuberculosis, lungs 88,666 123.8
Tuberculosis, other 6,706 8.0
Cancer 58600 81.8
Cerebral hemorrhage 59,164 826
Heart disease 107475 1501
Atlanta, Ga.* 19.4 165 151 153
Baltimore Md * 19.5 181 171 181
Pneumonia 63,229 88.3
Birmingham Ala.* 17.5 156 141
Bright's disease 75,316 105.2
Boston Mass 179 161 161 169
Tumors 4,143 5.8
Bridgeport, Conn 15.5 15.0 15.4 19.4
Buffalo, N. Y 16.0 15.5 14.9 16.1
Suicide 10,162 14.2
Violence 65,121 90.9
Chicago 111 14 9 14 2 14 3 14 5
All causes 1.001.921 \398.9
Cincinnati, 0 18.1 160 156 164
DEATHS BY SEX
Sex. Number. Pet. 1 Sex. Numoer. Pet.
Male 547,809 54.7 | Female. .454,112 45.3
BY AGE.
bution per 1,000.
Number. Dist. Age. Number. Dist.
35 357 35.3 fi5 to fi9 68.141 68.0
Cleveland, 0 14.1 128 134 148
Columbus, 0 15.1 148 140 155
DEATHS"
Number and distri
Age, Number. Dist. Age.
Under 1 year. .164,660 164.3 20 to 24
1 year 36218 36.1 25 to 29 ... 38148 381 70 to 74 70,306 70.2
2 years 16.304 163 30 to 34 . . 39257 392 75 to 79 62597 62.5
3 years 9.913 9.9 35 to 39 44.171 44.1 80 to 84 45,769 45.7
Under 5 234,081 233.6 45 to 49 48848 488 90 to 94 . 8637 8.6
5 to 6 20.635 20.6 50 to 54 .. Krs 4.dS fia a QS in QO 9, 9,O5 2.2
10 to 14 14.008 14.0 55 to 59
58.621 58.5 100 or more... 649 0.6
62.779 62.7 Unknown 1.305 1.3
15 to 10 23.342 23.3 60 to 64
178
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
DEATHS BY COLOR AND
NATIVITY (1916).
Number and distribution
per 1.000.
Number. Dist.
White 905.213 903.5
Native white... 668. 224 666.9
Foreign white.. 224,405 224.0
Negro 92.889 92.7
Chinese 1.102 1.1
Japanese 1,037 1.0
Indian 1,663 1.6
DEATH RATES IN FOREIGN
COUNTRIES (1915).
Per 1,000 inhabitants.
Country. Rate.
Australia 10.7
Austria* 22.3
Belgium* ,.15.9
Bulgaria* 23.8
Ceylon 1... .25."
Chilet 27.8
Denmark 12.8
England and Wales 15.7
Finlandt 15.6
Francet 19.6
Germany* 17.5
Country. Rate.
Hungary* 25.0
Ireland 17.6
Italyf 17.9
Jamaica 21.6
Japan* 21.O
Netherlands 12.4
New Zealand 9.1
Norway 13.3
Prussia* 17.3
Roumaniat 23.8
Russia in EuropeT 30.9
Scotland 17.1
Serbia* 24.3
Spaint 22.1
Sweden 14.6
Switzerland 13.3
•1906 to 1910. tin 1914.
DEATH RATES IN FOREIGN
CITIES.
City. Per 1,000. 1912. 1911.
Amsterdam 11.2 12.4
Belfast 18.1 17.2
Berlin 14.4 15.6
Breslau 18.4 19.5
Brussels 13.5 13.9
City. Per 1.000. 1912.1911.
Budapest 18.5 19.4
Christiania 13.4 13.5
Copenhagen ,..14.1 14.8
Dresden 13.1 14.6
Dublin 20.5 21.4
Edinburgh 15.7 16.0
Glasgow 17.6 17.7
Hamburg 13.6 14.7
London , 13.6 15.0
Melbourne 14.0 12.8
Milan 15.8 20.1
Montreal 20,0 21.4
Moscow 24.3 272
Munich 14.7 15.8
Paris 16.3 17.2
Petrograd 21.9 20.8
Prague 15.8 16.3
Rio de Janeiro 21.3 20.4
Rotterdam 11.3 12.1
Stockholm 14.2 12.7
Sydney 11,4 10.9
The Hague 10.9 12.7
Toronto 12.6
Trieste 21.1 24.0
Turin 12.9 14.*
Venice 20.9 22.8
Vienna 15.4 16.4
AMERICAN BIRTH AND DEATH RATES.
The following table prepared by the federal
census bureau shows for the birth registration
area of the United States the number of births
in the calendar year 1915, the birth rate, the
death rate, the number of deaths of infants
under 1 year of age and the infant mortality
rate. The states in the registration area had
in 1915 an estimated population of 31,150,000,
representing 31 per cent of the total for the
United States. In the table stillbirths are ex-
cluded, and by infants are meant all children
under 1 year of age.
Infant d'ths
Area. Births., — *Rate — , Per 1,000
Registration States— No. B'ths.D'ths. No. '»>«>•
Connecticut 32,627 26.7 14.9 3,494 107
Maine 16,193 21.1 15.6 1,706 105
Massachusetts 93,198 25.4 14.5 9,414 101
Michigan 80,576 26.7 13.4 6,930 86
Minnesota SS,1"! 24.5 10.1 3,871 7o
New Hampshire 10,t ; 22.7 16.1 1,096 Ho
New York 241, .„>> 24.0 14.6 24,004 99
Pennsylvania 217,979 26.0 13.8 23,933 110
Rhode Island 13,905 23.1 14.8 1,673 120
Vermont '. 7,840 21.6 14.7 670 85
The registrat'n area.. 776,304 24~9 14.0 77,572 100
Registration Cities—
Connecticut—
Bridgeport 3.908 33.0 15.4 378 97
Hartford 3,596 33.0 17.6 390 108
New Haven 4,427 30.1 15.7 387 87
Waterbury ' 2,151 25.4 13.8 308 143
District of Columbia—
Washington (total).... 7,027 19.6 18.1 781 111
White 4,814 18.5 15.1 398 83
Colored 2,213 22.3 26.2 383 173
Maine —
Portland 1,392 22.1 16.1 139 100
Massachusetts —
Boston (total) 19,722 26.5 16.1 2,042 10J
White 19,376 26.6 16.0 1,987 103
Colored '.. 346 21.5 23.0 55 159
Brockton 1,530 23.3 10.5 126 82
Cambridge 2,615 23.4 13.1 243 93
Fall River 3,910 30.8 15.9 653 167
Lawrence 2,948 30.0 14.3 405 137
Lowell 2,943 26.2 16.2 460 156
Lynn 2,110 21.0 11.7 162 77
New Bedford 3,534 30.8 15.0 505 143
Springfield 3,100 30.0 14.7 276 89
Worcester 4,502 28.0 15.4 418 93
Michigan-
Detroit 21,040 37.9 15.7 2,202 105
Grand Rapids 3,148 25.0 12.5 224 71
Minnesota —
Duluth 2,094 22.8 10.0 189 9o
Minneapolis 8,528 24.1 11.5 608 71
St. Paul 6,291 21.9 10.7 413 78
Infant d'ths
Area. Births., — *Rate — Peri,oo
Registration Cities— No. B'ths.D'ths. No. bom
New Hampshire —
Manchester 2,276 29.6 14.9 ,342 150
Albany 2,236 21.6 20.0 271 121
New York— Buffalo.... 12, 632 27.4 14.9 1,364 108
New York (total) 140,177 25.6 13.9 13,850 99
White 137,591 25.7 13.7 13,333 97
Colored 2,586 22.7 23.7 517 200
Niagara Falls 1,360 37.5 16.0 167 123
Rochester 6,768 27.0 13.9 568 84
Schenectady 2,082 21.9 10.7 199 96
Syracuse 3,536 23.2 13.2 347 98
Troy 1,445 ig.e 19.7 175 121
Utica 2,413 28.8 17.0 301 125
Yonkers 2.470 25.6 11.6 270 109
Pennsylvania —
Erie 2,117 28.7 15.0 178 84
Harrisburg 1,366 19.3 14.2 137 100
Johnstown 2,175 32.7 14.1 253 116
Philadelphia (total) .. 40.676 24.2 16.6 4.233 104
White 38,tf23 24.3 15.1 3,861 100
Colored 2,053 21.2 23.4 372 181
Pittsburgh (total) 16,077 28.1 15.3 1,765 110
White 15,490 28.5 15.1 1,670 108
Colored 587 21.2 19.1 95 162
Reading 2,401 22.3 13.5 263 110
Scranton 3,992 27.7 14.7 474 119
Wilkes-Barre 2,197 29.2 16.2 264 120
Rhode Island —
Providence 5,841 23.4 14.6 621 106
*Per 1,000 population.
FOREIGN BIRTH AND INFANT MORTALITY
RATES. »Birth. 1MorW.
Country. rate, itj r»te.
United Stalest (1915) 24.9 100
England and Wales (1913) 24.1 108
France (1912) 19.0 78
German Empire (1912) 28.3 147
Austria (1912) 31.3 180
Russia in Europe§ (1909) 44.0 248
Italy (1913) 31.7 137
Spain (1913) 30.4
Norway (1913) 25.3 65
Sweden (1912) 23.8 71
Denmark (1913) 25.6 94
Belgium (1912) 22.6 120
Holland (1913) 28.1 »1
Switzerland (1913) 23.1 96
Japan (1911) 34.1 157
Australia (1913) 28.3 72
•Infants born alive per 1,000 of population.
fDeaths of infants under 1 year of age born
alive. ^Registration area only. §Excluding Fin-
land and provinces of the Vistula and the Cau-
casus.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
179
UNITED STATES LITE TABLES.
[Computed by the bureau of the census.]
Based on the estimated population July 1, 1910,
of the original registration states and on the
reported deaths in 1909, 1910 and 1911. Original
registration states include Maine, New Harup-
BOTH SEXES. ONE YEAR INTERVALS.
shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Indiana and
Michigan and the District of Columbia. \
Age Exp't'n
Interval.* No. No. of life.§
Years. living. f dying.t Years.
0-1 100,000
1-2 88,538
2-3 86,092
3-4 85,030
4-5 84,364
5-6 83,887
6-7 83,497
7-8 83,170
8-9 82,896
9-10 82,662
10-11 82,458
11-12 82,271
12-13 82,091
13-14 81,909
14-15 81,716
15-16 81,506
16-17 81,274
17-18 81,018
18-19 80,733
19-20 80.418
20-21 80,074
21-22 79,699
22-23 79,301
23-24 78,889
24-25 78,471
25-26 78,046
26-27 77,614
27-28 77,174
28-29 76,723
29-30 76.258
30-31 75,779
31-32 75.286
32-33 74,775
33-34 74,245
34-35 73,695
35-36 73,127
Exp't'n
Interval.* No. No. of life.§
Years. living.f dying.t Years.
Age
Interval.*
No. No.
Months, living.f dying.t Years.
0-1 100,000
1-2 95,623
2-3 94,492
3-4 93,549
Age White White fe-
int'val.* males. fmales.t
Years. Years. Years.
11,462 51.49 36-37 72,539 " 605 31.16 72-73 29,759
2,446 67.11(37-38 71,924 617 30.42 73-74 27,694
1,062 57.72138-39 71,317 631 29.68 74-75 25,622
666 57.44 39-40 70,686 644 28.94 75-76 23,552
477 56.89 40-41 70,042 658 28.20 76-77 21,495
390 56.21 41-42 69,384 674 27.46 77-78 19,467
327 55.47 42-43 68,710 693 26.73 78-79 17,486
274 54.69 43-44 68,017 716 25.99 79-80 15,566
234 53.87 44-45 67,301 740 25.26 80-81 13,712
204 53.02 45-46 66,561 766 24.54 81-82 11,926
187 52.15 46-47 65,795 795 23.82 82-83 10,230
180 51.26 47-48 65,000 821 23.10 83-84 8,665
182 50.37 48-49 64,179 846 22.39 84-85 7,256
193 49.49 49-50 63,333 873 21.69 85-86 6,001
210 48.60 50-51 62,460 897 20.98 86-87 4,898
232 47.73 51-52 61,563 929 20.28 87-88 3,944
256 46.86 52-53 60,634 970 19.58 88-89 3,128
285 46.01 53-54 59,664 1,025 18.89 89-90 2,439
315 45.17 54-55 58,639 1,084 18.21 90-91 1,868
344 44.34 55-56 57,555 1,153 17.55 91-92 1,402
375 43.53 56-57 56,402 1,225 16.90 92-93 1,031
398 42.73 57-58 55,177 1,289 16.26 93-94 742
412 41.94 58-59 53,888 1,346 15.64 94-95 523
418 41.16 59-60 52,542 1,404 15.03 95-96 361
425 40.38 60-61 51,138 1,462 14.42 96-97
432 39.60 61-62 49,676 1,521 13.83 97-98
440 38.81 62-63 48,155 1,587 13.26 98-99
451 38.03 63-64 46,568 1,656 12.69 99-190
465 37.25 64-65 44,912 1,718 12.14 100-101
479 36.48 65-66 43,194 1,773 11.60 101-102
493 35.70 66-67 41,421 1,826 11.08 102-103
511 34.93 67-68 39,595 1,877 10.57 103-104
530 34.17 68-69 37,718 1,928 10.07 104-105
550 33.41 69-70 35,790 1,974 9.58 105-106
568 32.66 70-71 33,816 2,013 9.11 106-107
688 31.90 71-72 31,803 2,044 8.66
INFANT MORTALITY. ONE MONTH INTERVALS.
Exp't'n Age Exp't'n Age
oflife.l interval.* No. No. of life. § interval.*
Months, living.f dying.t Years.
'4,377 51.49 4-5 92,748 705 65.17 8-9 90.296"
1,131 53.76 5-6 92,043 635 55.51 9-10 89,804
943 54.32 6-7 91,408 579 55.81 10-11 89,348
801 54.78 7-8 90,829 533 56.08 11-12 88,927
EXPECTATION OF LIFE BY SEX.
Age White White fe-
Age Exp't'n
interval.* No. No. of life.§
Years. living, t dying.t Years.
244
161
104
65
40
24
14
8
4
2
1
2,065
2,072
2,070
2,057
2,028
1,981
1,920
1,854
1,786
1,696
1,565
1,409
1,255
1,103
954
816
689
571
466
371
289
219
162
117
83
57
39
25
16
10
6
4
2
1
1
8.22
7.79
7_.38
6.99
6.61
6.25
5.90
5.56
5.25
4.96
4.70
4.45
4.22
4.00
3.79
3.58
3.39
3.20
3.03
2.87
2.73
2.59
2.47
2.35
2.24
2.14
2.04
1.95
1.85
1.76
1.67
1.59
1.50
1.41
1.33
No. No.
Exp't'n
of life.§
Months, living.f dying.t Years.
.492
456
421
389
56.33
56.56
56.76
56.95
0-1 50.23
1-2 56.26
2-3 56.88
8-4 56.60
4-5 56.05
5-6 55.37
6-7 54.63
7-8 53.85
8-9 53.03
9-10 52.19
10-11.
11-12.
12-13.
13-14.
14-15.
15-16.
16-17.
17-18.
18-19.
19-20.
51.32
50.44
49.56
48.67
47.79
46.91
46.04
45.18
44.34
43.52
20-21 42.71
21-22 41.92
22-23 41.13
23-24 40.36
24-25 39.57
25-26 38.79
26-27 38.00
53.62
58.69
59.24
68.92
58.35
57.67
56.93
56.14
55.31
54.45
53.57
52.68
. 51.79
50.89
50.00
49.12
48.25
47.39
46.54
45.71
44.88
44.07
43.26
42.47
41.67
40.88
40.09
Age White White fe-
int'val.* males. t males. t
Years. Years. Years.
27-28.
28-29.
29-30..
30-31..
31-32..
32-33..
33-34..
34-35..
35-36 A
36-37..
37-38..
38-39..
39-40..
40-41..
41-42..
42-43..
43-44..
44-45.
45-46.
46-47.
47-48.
48-49.
49-50.
50-51 .
51-52.
52-53.
37.21
38.43
35.65
34.87
34.10
33.33
32.58
31.82
31.08
30.34
29.61
28.88
28.16
27.43
26.71
25.99
25.27
24.56
23.86
23.16
22.46
21.77
21.08
20.39
19.70
19.02
53-54 18.35
39.31
38.52
37.74
36.96
36.18
35.40
34.63
33.86
33.09
32.33
31.56
30.80
30.03
29.26
28.50
27.73
26.97
26.21
25.45
24.70
23.96
23.21
22.48
21.74
21.02
20.29
19.58
int'val.* males, t males, t
Years. Years. Years.
54-55.
55-56.
56-57.
57-58.
58-59.
59-60.
60-61.
61-62.
62-63.
63-64.
64-65.
65-66.
66-67.
67-68.
68-69.
69-70.
70-71.
71-72.
72-73.
73-74.
74-75.
75-76.
76-77.
77-78.
78-79.
79-80
80-81
17.68
17.03
16.39
15.77
15.16
14.57
13.98
13.41
12.85
12.31
11.77
11.25
10.75
10.25
9.77
9.29
8.83
8.39
7.95
7.53
7.13
6.75
6.38
6.04
5.71
5.39
6.09
18.87
18.18
17.50
16.84
16.19
15.55
14.92
14.31
13.70
13.11
12.53
11.97
11.42
10.89
10.37
9.86
9.38
8.91
8.46
8.03
7.61
7.20
6.80
6.41
6.04
5.69
5.35
Age White White fe-
int'val.* males, t males, t
Years
81-82.
82-83.
83-84.
84-85.
85-86.
86-87.
87-88.
88-89.
89-90.
90-91.
91-92.
92-93
93-94!
94-95.
95-96.
96-97.
97-98.
98-99..
99-100.
100-101
101-102
102-103
103-104
104-10")
105-106
106-107
Years. Years.
4.81 5.05
4.56 4.78
4.32 4.53
4.10 4.29
3.88 4.06
3.68 3.83
3.49 3.61
3.31 3.40
3.15 3.19
2.99 3.00
2.84 2.83
2.70 2.67
2.57 2.52
2.44 2.39
2.31 2.27
2.19 2.15
2.06 2.05
1.93 1.94
1.80 ' 1.84
1.68 1.74
1.56 1.65
1.45 1.55
1.34 1.46
1.25 1.37
1.15 1.29
1.21
180
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Age
Int'val.f
Years.
0-1.
Males. Fe
§ Years. §
34 05
males.
Years.
37.67
45.15
46.95
47.12
46.87
46.42
45.81
45.13
44.39
43.62
42.84
42.06
41.29
40.56
39.85
39.18
38.55
37.95
37.35
36.75
36.14
35.53
34.90
34.27
33.63
32.97
32.29
31.61
ime b
0 pers
inter-s
Used
No.
dying.
749
746
743
740
737
735
732
729
727
725
723
722
721
720
719
718
718
718
718
719
720
721
723
726
729
732
737
742
749
NEGliO
Age
int'val.f Males
Years. §Year
28-29 28.55
EXPECT
.Females,
s. §Years.
30.94
30.27
29.61
28.96
ATION OF LIF]
Age
int'vul.t Males.*
Years. §Years.
56-57 1336
3.
emales.
§Years.
14.50
14.05
13.62
13.20
12,78
12.37
11.96
11.56
11.18
10.82
10.49
10.17
9.86
9.54
9.22
8.89
8.55
8.21
7.88
7.55
7.22
6.91
6.61
6.32
6.05
5.81
5.59
ag in
•emainin
3 intervi
rY.*
station o
Age.
68
Age
int'val.f
Years.
83-84 .
Males. I
§Years.
4 84
''emales.
§Years.
5.40
5.23
5.09
4.97
4.86
4.76
4.64
4.50
4.34
4.14
3.92
3.69
3.45
3.22
2.99
2.78
2.58
2.39
2.21
2.05
1.89
1.73
1.59
1.43
1.32
1.20
1.08
Average
live at
Exp't'n
of life.
.9.47
8.91
8.48
8.00
7.55
7.11
6.68
6.27
5.88
5.49
5.11
4.74
4.39
4.05
3.71
3.39
3.08
2.77
2.47
2.18
1.91
1.66
1.42
1.19
.98
.80
.64
.60
1-2
. 42.53
29-30 27.94
57-58 12.93
84-85
. 4.64
2-3 ... .
. 44.55
30-31 27.33
58-59 12.50
85-86.. .
. 4.48
3-4
45.01
31-32 2674
59-60 .. 12.08
86-87
4 36
4.5
44.78
44.25
43.62
42.94
42.20
41.44
40.65
39.85
39.05
38.27
37.51
36.77
36.05
35.37
34,71
34.08
33.46
32.86
32.26
31.67
31.06
30.44
29.81
29.18
of lifel
of 100,0(
of age
No.
living.
. 100 000
32-33 26.16
28.33
27.70
27.07
26.44
25.81
25.18
24.56
23.94
23.34
22 75
60-61 11.67
87-88
. 4 26
6-6
33-34 25 58
61-62 11.27
88-89
4 18
6-7
34-35 25.00
62-63 10.88
89-90
. 4 10
7-8
35-36 24 42
63-64 10.49
90-91
4 01
8-9
36-37 23.84
64-65 10.11
91-92
. 3.89
9-10
37-38 23.26
65-66 9.74
92-93
. 3 75
10-11
38-39... . 22 69
66-67 9.38
93.94
3 57
11-12
39-40 22 12
67-68 9 02
94-95
3 37
12-13.. .
40-41 21.57
68-69 8.67
95-96... .
. 3 15
13-14
41-42 . 21 02
69-70. . . 8 33
96-97
2 93
14-15
42-43 20.48
22.16
21.58
21.00
20.43
19.86
19.30
18.75
18.20
17.65
17.10
16.55
16.01
15.48
14.98
ict ages,
living at
)f 100,000
N TABLI
npanies ii
No.
living
78,8(
70-71 8.00
97-98...
2 72
15-16
43-44 . . 19 94
71-72 7.69
98-99
2 51
16-17
44-45 19.39
72-73 7.39
99-100....
100-101 . . .
101-102...
102-103...
103-104...
104-105...
105-106...
106-107...
107-108...
108-109
. 2.32
. 2.14
. 1.97
. 1.81
. 1.66
. 1.53
. 1.40
. 1.27
. 1.16
17-18
45-46 18.85
73-74 7.11
18-19
46-47 . . . 18 30
74-75 6.84
19-20
47-48 17.75
48-49 . .. 17.22
75-76 6.58
76-77 6.36
20-21
21-22
49-50 16.71
77-78 0.15
22-23
50-51 16.21
78-79 5.96
23-24
24-25 . . .
51-52 15.72
52-53 15.23
79-80 5.76
80-81 5.53
25-26
53-54 1475
81-82 529
26-27
27 *^S
54-55 14.28
55-56....-- 13-82
82-83 5.06
born alive dyi
length of life ]
beginning of ag
: OF MORTAL!'
i computing expe<
No. Exp't'n
. dying, of life.
2 756 28.90
6 765 28.18
1 774 27.45
7 785 26.72
2 797 26.00
5 812 25.27
3 828 24.54
5 848 23.81
7 870 23.08
7 896 22.36
1 927 21.63
4 962 20.91
2 1,001 20.20
1 1,044 19.49
7 1,091 18.79
6 1,143 18.09
3 1,199 17.40
4 1,200 16.72
4 1,325 16.05
9 1.394 15.33
5 1,468 14.74
7 1,546 14.10
1 1,628 13.47
3 1,713 12.86
0 1,800 12.26
0 1,889 11.67
1 1.980 11.10
1 2.070 10.54
1 2.158 10.00
109-110...
ige inter
? to eacl
il.
f life.
No.
living.
. 43 133
val. §
i one i
No.
dying.
2,243
2,321
2,391
2,448
2,487
2,505
2,501
2,476
2,431
2,369
2,291
2,196
2,091
1,964
1,816
1,648
1,470
1,292
1,114
933
744
555
385
246
137
5$
18
3
*Period
tNumber
beginning
Age.
10...
stween 1
ans born
al. JNu
AM
t>y insura
Exp't'n
of life.
48.72
48.08
47.45
46.80
46.16
45.50
44.85
44.19
43.53
42.87
42.20
41.53
40.85
40.17
39.49
38.81
38 12
37.43
36.73
36.03
35.33
34.63
33.92
33.21
32.50
31.78
31.07
30.35
29.62
wo exs
alive
mber <
ERICA
nee co
Age.
39
11..
99 251
40....
78, 1C
69 40 890
12..
98 505
41....
77,34
70 38 569
13
. 97,762
42
.. . 76,56
71 36 178
14 ... .
97,022
43
75,78
72 33,730
15.. ..
96 285
44
74,98
73 31 243
16
95 550
45
74,1'
74 28,738
17
94 818
4$
.. . 73,34
75 26 237
18
94,089
47.. .
72,49
76 23 761
19
93,362
48...
71,62
77 21 330
20
92 637
49..
70,73
78 18 961
21
91 914
50...
69,80
79 16 670
22
91,192
51
. 68 84
80 14 474
23,
90,471
52
... 67,84
81. 12 383
24
89,751
53
.. 66,79
82 10 419
25
89,032
54
65,70
83 8 603
26
88 314
65
64,56
84 6 955
27.'
87 596
56
63,36
85 6 485
28
86 878
57....
58
62,10
60,77
86 4,193
87 3 079
29
86,160
30
85 441
59
59 38
88 2 146
31,
32..
. 84,721
84 000
60....
61
57.91
56 37
89 i 402
90 's47
33..
83 277
62
54 74
34
. 82 551
63....
64
53,03
. 51 23
92 216
35
81 822
93 79
36
81 090
65
. 49 34
94 21
37
80 353
66
. 47 36
95 3
88...
. 79.611
67...
. 45.29
MINERAL PRODUCTION OF ALASKA.
In 1017 Alaska produced minerals valued at
$41,760,000. This, although about $6,870,000
less than that in 1916, was greater than that
in any other year. The most valuable min-
eral product in 1917 was copper, of which
88,200,000 pounds, valued at 824.000,000, was
produced. This was less than the output ol
1916. which was 119,600.000 pounds, valued
at $29.480,000, but was greater than that of
any other year. The reduction was due largely
to labor troubles. The gold produced in 1917,
$15.450.000, of which $9.850.000 was de-
rivpd from placer mines, was also less than
that produced in 1916, which was $17.240,000,
and was the smallest since 1904. The reduc-
tion was due chiefly to curtailment of opera-
tions because of the scarcity of labor and the
high cost of materials, but in part to the dis-
aster at the Treadwell mine and the deple-
tion of some of the richer placers.
During" the year Alaska also produced silver
valued at $1,050.000, coal valued at $300.000.
lead valued at $160.000, tin valued at $160,-
000. antimony valued at $40.000, and tung--
sten, chromium, petroleum, marble, gypsum,
graphite and platinum valued at $600.000.
In thirty-three years of mining- Alaska has
produced more than $391.000.000 in gold,
silver, copper and other minerals. Of this
amount $293,000.000 represents the value of
the gold and $88,200,000 that of the copper.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
181
Actuarial Society ol America — President, Henry
Moir, New York. N. Y.; seeititary, Wendell
M. Strong. 1233 New York Life building.
New York. N. Y.
Allied Medical Associations of America — Presi-
dent. Dr. Charles JLolfler. Minneapolis, Minn.;
secretary-treasurer. Dr. L. M. Ottofy, St.
Louis, Mo.
American Academy of Arts and Letters — Presi-
dent, William Dean Howells: chancellor. Wil-
liam Milligan Sloane; permanent secretary.
Robert Underwood Johnson, 347 Madison ave-
nue. New York, N. Y.
American Academy of Medicine — President. E.
O. Otis. Boston, Mass.; secretary, Thomas
Wray Grayson, M. D., 1101 Westinghouse
building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
American Academy of Political and Social Sci-
ence— President, L. S. Bowe, University of
Pennsylvania; secretary, J. P. Lichtenberger,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Pa.
American Asiatic Association— 'President, Lloyd
C. Griscom; secretary, John Foord, 627 Lex-
ington avenue. New York, N. Y.
American Association for the Advancement of
Science-yPresident, Prof. John M. Coulter,
University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; perma-
nent secretary, L. O. Howard, Smithsonian
institution, Washington, D. C. : membership,
14,000.
American Association of Anatomists— president,
Dr. R. R. Bensley. University of Chicago, Chi-
cago, 111.; secretary -treasurer. Dr. Charles R.
Stockard, Cornell University Medical school,
New York, N. Y.
American Association of Orificial Surgeons —
President. Dr. B. E. Dewson, Kansas City.
Mo.: secretary. Dr. Benoni A. Bullock, 211
Stevens building, Detroit, Mich.
American Astronomical Society — • President.
Prof. E. C. Pickering, Cambridge, Mass.: sec-
retary. Prof. Joel Stebbins, University of Illi-
nois observatory, Urbana, 111.
American Bar Association — President, George T.
Page, Peoria, 111. : secretary, George White-
lock. 1478 Munsey building. Baltimore. Md.:
assistant secretaries. W. Thomas Kemp and
Gaylord Lee Clark, Baltimore, Md.: treasurer.
Frederick E. Wadhams, Albany, N. Y.: mem-
bership, 12,000.
American Chemical Society — President, William
H. Nichols. New York. N. Y.: secretary,
Charles L. Parsons. P. O. box 505. Washing-
ton. D. C.
American Climatological and Clinical Associa-
tion (founded 1884)— President, Dr. Guy
Hinsdale, Hot Springs. Va.; secretary, D. A.
K. Stone, Framingham Center, Mass.
American College of Surgepns — President, Dr.
W. J. Mayo. Rochester, Minn.: secretary -gen-
eral. Franklin H. Martin, Chicago, 111.
American Dermatological Association — Presi-
dent. Dr. Abner Post, 16 Newbury street,
Boston, Mass.: secretary. Oliver S. Ormsby,
25 East Washington street, Chicago, 111.
American Dialect Society — President, Prof. J.
W. Bright, the Johns Hopkins university,
Baltimore, Md.: secretary. Dr. Percy W. Long,
Warren House, Harvard university, Cam-
bridge, Mass.
American Economic Association — President.
Prof. Irving Fisher, Yale university. New
Haven, Conn.: secretary. Prof. Allyn A.
Young, Cornell university, Ithaca, N. Y.
American Association of Electrotherapeutics
and Radiology — President, Dr. Frank B.
Granger, Boston, Mass.: secretary. Dr. Byron
S. Price. 65 Central Park West, New York,
N. Y.
American Folk-Lore Society — President, C. M.
Barbeau: secretary. Dr. Charles Peabody,
Cambridge, Mass.
American Geographical Society — President. John
Greenough: director. Isaiah Bowman. Broad-
way and 156th street. New York. N. Y. The
society has 3,800 members. 50.000 books and
30.000 maps. It issues a monthly magazine
LEARNED SOCIETIES OF AMERICA.
called the Geographical Review and gives a
program of about twelve lectures a year.
American Historical Association — President,
William Roscoe Thayer, Cambridge, Mass. ;
secretary, Waldo G. Leland, Carnegie institu- ,
tion, Washington, D. C.
American Institute of Actuaries — President,
Charles H. Beckett, Indianapolis. Ind. ; secre-
tary, Carroll B. Carr, 600 American Central
Life building, Indianapolis. Ind.
American Institute of Architects — President,
Thomas R. Kimball. Omaha. Neb.: secretary.
William Stanley Parker, 120 Boylston street,
Boston, Mass.: executive secretary, Edward
C. Kemper, the Octagon, Washington, D. C.
American Institute of Criminal Law and Crimi-
nology— President, Judge Hugo Pam, Chicago,
111.: secretary, Edwin M. Abbott, 1028 Land
Title building, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Institute of Electrical Engineers —
President, C. A. Adams, Cambridge, Mass.;
secretary, F. L. Hutchinson. 33 West 39th
street. New York, N. Y.; membership. 9,629
(Sept. 8, 1918).
American Institute of Homeopathy — Secretary-
treasurer, T. E. Cpstain, M. D., 829 Marshall
Field building, Chicago, 111.
American Institute of Mining Engineers— Sec-
retary, Bradley Stoughton. 29 West 39th
street. New York, N. Y.
American Library Association— President, W.
W. Bishop. University of Michigan library.
Ann Arbor. Mich.: secretary and executive
officer, George B. Utley, 78 East Washington
street. Chicago, 111.
American Mathematical Society— President, L.
E. Dickson, University of Chicago, Chicago,
111.: 'Secretary. F. N. Cole. Columbia univer-
sity-. New York, N. Y.: Chicago section, sec-
retary, Arnold Dresden, University of Wis-
consin; San Francisco section, secretary, B. A.
Bernstein, University of California: south-
western section, secretary. O. D. Kellogg, Uni-
versity of Missouri. Columbia, Mo.: member-
ship, 740.
American Medical Association — President, Ar-
thur Dean Bevan, Chicago. 111.: secretary.
Alexander R. Craig. 535 North Dearborn
street, ChicAgo, 111.: editor and general man-
ager, George H. Simmons. 535 North Dear-
born street, Chicago. 111.
American Medico-Psychological Association —
President, Elmer E. Southard, M. D., Boston,
Mass.; secretary-treasurer, H. W. Mitchell,
M. D., Warren, Pa.
American Microscopical Society— President. L.
E. Griffin, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts-
burgh. Pa.; secretary. Prof. T. W. Galloway.
Beloit college. Beloit. Wts.; treasurer. Dr. H.
J. Van Cleave, Urbana, 111.
American Nature Study Society — President, S.
C. Schmucker, West Chester, Pa.; secretary-
treasurer, Mrs Anna B. Comstock, Ithaca,
N. Y.; official organ, the Nature Study Re-
view.
American Numismatic Society, The — President,
Edward T. Newell: treasurer, John Reilly,
Jr.; curator, Howland Wood; secretary, Syd-
ney P. Noe: society founded 1858: museum.
1907, Broadway at 156th street. New York.
American Ophthalmological Society — President,
Dr. Lucien Howe, Buffalo, N. Y. : secretary.
Dr. T. B. Holloway. 1819 Chestnut street.
Philadelphia, Pa.
American Oriental -Society — President. Prof.
James H. Breasted. University of Chicago.
Chicago. Til.: corresponding secretary, Prof.
Franklin Edgerton, University of Pennsyl-
vania, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Osteopathic Association— President,
Dr. H. H. Fryette. Chicago, 111.: secretary,
Dr. H. L. Childs. Oranere. N. J.
American Pediatric Society — President, Edwin B.
Graham. M. D., Philadelphia. Pa.: secretary.
Howard Childs Carpenter, 1806 Spruce street
Philadelphia. Pa.
182
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
American Philatelic Society — President, John
A. Davis, 1475 Humboldt street, Denver,
Col.; organized 1886: it publishes the Ameri-
can Philatelist, a monthly.
American Philosophical Society (founded 1727)
. — President, William B. Scott, vice-presi-
dents. A. A. Michaelson, George Ellery Hale.
Joseph G. Rosengarten: secretaries. I. Minis
Hays, Arthur W. Goodspeed, Bradley M.
Davis, Harry P. Keller. 104 South 6th street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
American Physical Society— (President, Prof. A.
H. Bumstead. Yale university. New Haven,
Oonn.: secretary. Prof . Dayton C. Miller. Case
School of Applied Science, Cleveland, O.
American Political Science Association — Presi-
dent, Prof. Henry Jones Ford, Princeton uni
versity, Princeton, N. J.: secretary and treas-
urer. Prof. Chester Lloyd Jones, University
of Wisconsin, Madison. Wis.
American Public Health Assodation — President,
Dr. Charles J. Hasting-s, Toronto, Ont.: sec-
retary. Dr. A. W. Hedrich. 126 Massachu-
setts avenue, Boston, Mass.
American Railway Engineering: Association —
President, C. A. Morse, Chicago, 111.: secre-
tary, E. H. Fritch, Chicago, HI.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers-
President, Daniel Scoates, Agricultural Col-
lege. Miss.; secretary-treasurer. H. C. Ram
sower. Ohio State university, Columbus, O.
American So«iety of Biological Chemists — Presi-
dent. Carl L. Alsberg, bureau of chemistry.
Washing-ton, D. C.: secretary, Stanley R. Ben-
edict, Cornell University Medical college. New
York, N. Y.
American Society of Civil Engineers — President,
A. N. Talbot; secretary, Charles Warren
Hunt, 33 West 39th street. New York, N. Y.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers —
President, Ira N. Hollis: secretary. Calvin W.
Rice, 29 West 39th street. New York. N. Y.
American Society of Naturalists— President,
Prof. William E. Castle, Harvard university.
Cambridge, Mass.; secretary. Prof. B. M.
Davis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
American Society of Zoologists — President,
George Lefevre. University of Missouri, Co-
lumbia, Mo.; vice-president, L. L. Woodruff,
Yale university. New Haven, Conn. ; secretary-
treasurer, Caswell Grave, Johns Hopkins uni-
vers_ity, Baltimore, Md.
American Sociol9gical Society — President. Chas.
H. Cooley, University of Michigan, Ann Ar-
bor, Mich.; secretary, Scott E. W. Bedford,
/ University of Chicago. Chicago. 111.
American Statistical Association— 'Secretary.
Robert E. Chaddock, Kent hall, Columbia uni-
versity. New York, N. Y.
American Surgical Association — President, Dr.
Lewis B. Pitcher, Brooklyn, N. Y. : secretary.
Dr. John H. Gibbon, 1608 Spruce street, Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
Archaeological Institute of America (incorpo-
rated by act of congress) — President. Prof. F.
W. Shipley, Ph. D., Washington university,
St. Louis. Mo.: general secretary. Prof. Mitch-
ell Carroll, the Octagon, Washington. D. C.
Association of American Law Schools — Presi-
dent, Harlan F. Stone, Columbia university.
New York. N. Y. : secretary-treasurer, F. A.
Gilmore, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wis.
Botanical Society of America — President, Prof.
F. C. Newcombe. University of Michigan. Ann
Arbor. Mich.: secretary. Prof. H. H. Bartlett.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Mich.
Clinical Congress of Surgeons-'KPresident. Dr.
William J. Mayo, Rochester. Minn. : secretary.
Dr. Franklin H. Martin. Chicago. 111.
Commercial Law League of America — President.
William H. H. Piatt. Kansas City. Mo.; secre-
tary. W. C. -Sprague. Chicago. HI.
Geological Society of America. The— President.
Whitman Cross. Washington. D. C.: secretary.
Edmund Otis Hovey. American Museum of
Natural History. New York. N. Y.
International Union of Criminal Law — Secre-
tary of American group. Edwin R. Keedy.
University of Pennsylvania Law school. Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
Metropolitan Philatelic Association — President.
Howard Ewing. West Seattle. Wash.: secre-
tary. Howard E. Day. Calais. Me. Organized.
1902. Membership. 500.
National Academy cf Sciences— President. Chas.
D. Walcott. Washington. D. C.: home secre-
tary, Arthur L. Day, Washington, D. C.; for-
eign secretary. George E. Hale. Pasadena.
Cal.: membership. 172.
National Tuberculosis Association— Executive
office. 381 4th avenue. New York. N. Y.:
managing director. Dr. Charles J. Hatfield.
2008 Walnut street. Philadelphia. Pa.: presi-
dent. Dr. David R. Lyman. Wallingford.
Conn.; secretary. Dr. Henry Barton Jacobs.
11 Mount Vernon place. Baltimore. Md.
National 'Dental Association — President. C. Vic-
tor Vignes. New Orleans, La.: secretary. Dr.
Otto U. King, Chicago: membership, 24,000.
National Education Association — President.
George D. Strayer. New York. N. Y.: secre-
tary . J. W. Crabtree. 1400 Massachusetts
avenue. Washington. D. C.
National Eclectic Medical Association— Presi-
dent. Finlay Ellingwood. M. D.. Evanston.
111.: corresponding secretary. Dr. William N.
Mundy. Forest. O.
National Geographic Society— President, O. H.
Tittmann: secretary. O. P. Austin: director
and editor, Gilbert H. Grosvenor; office, Na-
tional Geographic building, 16th and M
streets. Washington. D. C. : members. 650.000.
National Historical Society. The — President.
Frank Allaben, New York, N. Y. ; secretary,
Mabel T. R. Washburn: magazine of the so-
ciety, the Journal of American History,
editor-in-chief, Frank Allaben; genealogical
editor, Mabel T. R. Washburn. 37 West 39th
street. New York. N. Y.
National Institute of Arts and Letters — Presi-
dent. Augustus Thomas. New York. N. Y.:
secretary. Ashley H. Thorndike. Columbia
university. New York, N. Y.
National Philatelic Society— President. J. W.
Taylor: secretary --treasurer. A. M. Wright,
47 Court street. Boston. Mass. It publishes
its own bulletin, the National Philatelist, a
monthly; membership. 310.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engi-
neers— President, Stevenson Taylor: secretary,
Daniel H. Cox. 29 West 39th street. New
York. N. Y.
Southern Philatelic Association— President. Clif-
ford W. Kissinger; international secretary,
Harold K. Bowen. Fort Dodge. Iowa; treas-
urer. Erwin L. Fischer: membership. 1.704.
There is a resident vice-president in each of
the states, territories and principal foreign
countries: 1918 convention seat is Niagara
Falls.
The Mathematical Association of America-
President, E. V. Huntingdon; vice-presidents,
D. N. Lehmer and J. W. Young; secretary.
W. D. Cairns. 27 King street. Oberlin. O.
Western Economic Society— President, Shailer
Mathewe. Chicago. 111. : secretary, H. G. Moul-
ton. University of Chicago. Chicagto. 111.
GENEKAL NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS.
American Bankers' Association — President. Rob-
ert F. Maddox. Atlanta. Ga.: general secre-
tary, Fred E. Farnsworth, 5 Nassau street.
New York. N. Y.
American Civic Association-^President. J. •Hor-
ace McFarland. Harrisburg. Pa.: treasurer.
Karl V. S. Rowland. New York. N. Y • sec-
retary, Richard B. Watrous, 913-914 Union
Trust building. Washington. D, C.
American Humane Association — President. Dr.
William O. Stillman. Albany. N. Y.: secre-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919,
183
tary. N. J. Walker. Albany. N. Y.: field secre-
tary S. H. Coleman. Albany. N. Y. : treas-
urer. Edgar McDonald. Brooklyn. N. Y.
American National Red Cross— President. Wood-
row Wilson: vice-president. Robert W. De
Forest : chairman war council. Henry P. Davi-
son: treasurer. John Skelton Williams: coun-
selor. John W. Davis: general manager. Har-
vey D. Gibson: secretary. Charles L. Magee.
American Society tor the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals — President. Alfred Wagstaff; sec-
retary. Richard Welling: general manager.
William K. Horton; superintendent. Thomas
F. Freel: office of president. kJ7 Madison ave-
nue. New York. N. Y.
Anti-Saloon League of America — President.
Bishop Luther B. Wilson. New York. N. Y. :
secretary. S. E. Nicholson. Richmond. Ind. :
treasurer. Foster Copeland. Columbus. O.:
superintendent, the Rev. Dr. Purley A. Baker.
Westerville. O.
Board of Temperance. Prohibition and Public
Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Chuch —
President. Bishop William F. McDowell: gen-
eral secretary. Clarence True Wilson. 204
Pennsylvania avenue. S. E.. Washington. D. C.
General Federation of Women's Clubs — Presi-
dent. Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles. Los Angeles.
•Cal. : recording secretary. Mrs. Adam Weiss.
Del Norte, Col.; corresponding secretary, Mrs.
Mary I. Wood. Portsmouth. N. H.: treasurer.
Mrs. Benjamin B. Clark. Red Oak. Iowa:
auditor. Mrs. William P. Harper. Seattle.
Wash.
Indian Rights Association — President. Herbert
Welsh/ Philadelphia. Pa. : corresponding and
recording secretary. Matthew K. Sniffen. 995
Drexel building. Philadelphia, Pa.
International Reform Bureau — 206 Pennsylvania
avenue. S. E.. Washington. D. C.: superin-
tendent and treasurer. Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts:
devoted to suppression of intemperance, im-
purity, sabbath breaking, gambling and kin-
dred evils: also to constructive forms of rec-
reation, bible reading in schools and civic
evangelism.
Investment Bankers' Association of America-
President. Warren S. Hayden. Cleveland, O. :
secretary. Frederick R. Fenton, Chicago. 111.:
assistant secretary. Clayton G. Schray. Chica-
go. 111.
Lake Mohonk Conferences — Secretary, H. C.
Phillips. Mohonk Lake. N. Y.
League of American Municipalities— 'President,
Martin Behrman. New Orleans. La.: secretary-
treasurer. Robert E. Lee. Baltimore. Md.
National American Suffrage Association— Presi-
dent. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt: correspond-
ing secretary. Mrs. Frank J. Shuler. 171 Mad-
ison avenue. New York. JST. Y.
National Child Labor Committee — Chairman.
Felix Adler; general secretary. Owen R. Love-
joy. 105 East 22d street. New York. N. Y.
National Civic Federation. The — Chairman ex-
ecutive council. Ralph M. Easley. 33d floor
Metropolitan tower, New York. N. Y.
National Conference of Social Work (formerly
Charities and Correction) — President. Miss
Julia Lathrop. Washington. D. C. : general
secretary-treasurer, William T. Cross, 31&
Plymouth court. Chicago. 111.
National Conservation Congress — President, E.
Lee Worsham. Atlanta. Ga. : executive secre-
tary. Thomas R. Shipp. 610 Riggs building.
Washington. D. C.
National Council of Women — President. Mrs.
Philip N. Moore. St. Louis. Mo.; correspond-
ing secretary, Mrs. Harry S. Keefe, Walthill.
Neb.
National Safety Council — President. David Van
Schaack. Hartford. Conn.: secretary and gen-
eral manager. W. H. Cameron, 804. 208
South LaSalle street. Chicago. 111.
National Congress of Mothers and Parent-
Teacher Associations — President. Mrs. Frederic
iScnoff. Philadelphia. Pa.: corresponding sec-
retary. Mrs. Arthur A. Birney. national head-
quarters. 1314 Massachusetts avenue. Wash-
ington. D. C.
National Municipal League — -President. Lawson
Purdy, New York, N. Y.: secretary. Clinton
Rogers Woodruff. North American building,
Philadelphia. Pa. Purpose : The scientific in-
vestigation by experts of the conditions which
best promote good government.
National Short Ballot Organization — Secretary
and treasurer. Richard S. Childs. New York.
N. Y.: field director. Dr. A. R. Hatton. 383
4th avenue. New York. N. Y.
National Tax Association— President. Charles J.
Bullock. Cambridge. Mass.: secretary. Fred R.
Fairchild. New Haven. Conn.
National Woman's Christian Temperance Union
— President, Miss Anna A. Gordon; corre-
sponding secretary. Mrs. Frances P. Parks.
Evanston. 111.
Playground and Recreation Association of
America — President, Joseph Lee, Boston,
Mass.; secretary, H. S. Braucher, 1 Madison
avenue. New York, N. Y.
Press Humorists — President. Douglas Malloch,
Chicago. 111.: secretary. Grif Alexander. Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND LETTERS.
President— Augustus Thomas, 60 East 58th street.
New York.
Secretary— Ashley H. Thorndike. Columbia uni-
versity, New York, N. Y.
Treasurer — Arnold W. Brunner, New York, N. Y.
DEPT. OF LITERA- Cheney, John Vance.
Churchill, Winston.
Connolly, James B.
Cortissoz, Royal.
Croly, llerbert.
Cross, Wilbur L.
Crothers, Samuel Mc-
Chord.
de Kay, Charles.
Dunne, Finley Peter.
Eclwurds, Harry Still-
well.
Egan, Maurice Francis.
Fernald, Chester B.
Finley. John Houston.
Firkins, O. W.
Ford, Worthington C.
Organized 18S8; incorporated by act of congress.
TURE.
Adams, Brooks.
Adams, Henry.
Ade, George.
Alden, Henry M.
Aldrich, Richard.
Allen, James Lane.
Baker, George Pierce.
Baldwin, Simeon E.
Bates, Arlo.
Bradford, Gamaliel.
Bridges, Robert.
Brownell, W. C.
Burroughs. John.
Burton, Richard.
Butler, Nicholas M.
Cable, George W.
Chadwick, French E.
Chambers, R. W.
Channinj;. Edward.
Chatfield-Taylor. H. C.
Fox. John. Jr.
Frost, Robert.
K\irncKs, Horace H., Jr.
Gilmnn, Lawrence.
Gordon, George, A.
Grant, Robert.
Greenslet, Ferris.
Griffls, William E.
Gummere, Francis B.
Hadley, Arthur T.
Hamilton, Clayton.
Harben, Will N.
Hardy, Arthur S.
Harper, George McLean.
Harrison, Henry S.
Henderson, William J.
Herford, Oliver.
Herrick, Robert.
Hibben, John G.
Hitchcock, Ripley.
Hooker, Brian.
Howe, M. A. De Wolfe.
Howells, W. D.
Huntington, Archer M.
Johnson, Owen.
Johnson, Robert U.
Kennan, George.
Lefevre, Edwin.
Lloyd, Nelson.
Lodge, Henry Cabot.
Long, John Luther.
Lovett, Robert M.
Lowell, Abbott L.
Lummis, Charles F.
Mackaye, Percy.
Markhum, Edwin.
Martin, Edward S.
Mather, Frank J.
Garland, Hainlin.
Gildersleeve, Basil L.
Gillette, William.
Matthews, Brander.
McMnster, John Bach.
Miller, Chas. Ransome.
Mitchell, John A.
Mitchell, Langdon E.
Mere, Paul KImer.
Morris, Harrison S.
Nicholson, Meredith.
Page, Thomas Nelson.
Payne, Will.
Payne, William Morton.
Perry, Bliss.
Phelps, William L.
Pier, A. S.
Poole, Ernest.
Rhodes, James Ford.
Roberts, Charles G. D.
Robinson, Edwin A.
184
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Roosevelt. Theodore.
Harrison, Birge.
Acting Chancellor— Nicholas Murray Butler.
Root. Elihu.
Schelliug, Felix E.
Hussam, Childe.
Hastings, Thomas.
Permanent Secretary— Robert Underwood John-
son, 347 Madison avenue. New York, N. Y.
Schouler, James.
Henri, Robert.
Scollard, Clinton.
Howard, John Galen.
Group 1.
Basil Lanneau Gilder-
Sedgwick, Ellery.
Sedgwick, Henry D.
Howe, William Henry.
Howells, J. M.
William Dean Howells.
sleeve.
Julia Ward Howe.*
Seton. Ernest Thompson.
Jaegers. Albert.
Augustus Saint - Gau-
Woodrow Wilson.
Storey, Paul.
Sloane, William M.
Tarkington, Booth.
Taylor. Henry Osborn.
Jones, Francis O.
Jones, H. Bolton.
Kendall, W. Mitchell.
Kendall, W. Sergeant.
dens.*
Edmund C. Stedman.*
John La Farge.*
Samuel Langborne Clem-
Arthur Twining Had-
ley.
Henry Cabot Lodge.
Francis Hopkiuson
Thayer, William R.
Thomas, Augustus.
Thorndike, Ashley H.
LaFarge, Bancel.
Low, Will H.
Macmonnies, Frederick.
ens.*
John Hay.*
Edward McDowell.*
Smith.*
Henry Charles Lea.*
Francis Marion Craw-
Tooker, Frank L.
Torrence, Ridgely.
MacNeil, H. A.
Marr, Carl.
Group 2.
ford.*
Edwin Howland Blash-
Townsend. E. W.
Trent, William P.
van Dyke, Henry.
Van Dyke, John C.
Wendell, Barrett.
White, Andrew D.
White, Stewart Edward.
McEwen, Walter.
Mead, William R.
Melchers, Gari.
Metcalf, Williard L.
Mowbray, H. Siddons.
Niehaus, Charles H.
Ochtman, Leonard.
Henry James.*
Charles FollenMcKim.*
Henry Adams.
Charles Eliot Norton.*
J ohnQuincyAdnmsWard*
Thomas Raynesford
Lounsbury. *
Williain Merritt Chase.*
Thomas Hastings.
HamiltonWrlghtMable.*
Bronson Howard.*
Brander Matthews.
Thomas Nelson Page.
Elihu Vedder.
White, William Allen.
Whiting, Charles Good-
Pennell, Joseph.
Platt, Charles A.
Theodore Roosevelt.
Thomas Bailey Aldrlch.*
George Edward Wood-
berry.
rich.
Whitlock, Brand.
Pond, I. K.
Pope, John Russell.
Group S.
William Vaughn Moody.*
Kenyon Cox.
Williams. Francis H.
Potter, Edward Clark.
Joseph Jefferson.*
George Whitefleld Chad-
Williams, Jesse Lynch.
Proctor, A. Phimister.
John Singer Sargent.
wick.
Wilson, Harry Leon.
Redfield. Edward W.
Richard Watson Gilder.*
John Muir.*
Wilson, Woodrow.
Roth. F. G. R.
Horace H. Furness.*
Charles Francis Adams.*
Wister, Owen.
Sargent, John S.
John Bigelow.*
Henry Mills Alden.
Woodberry, George B.
Schofleld, W. E.
Winslow Homer.*
George de Forest Brush
DEPT. OF ART.
Shrady, H. M.
Wm. Rutherford Mear .
Adams, Herbert.
Smedley, William T.
Group 4.
Abbott HendersonThayer
Aitken, Robert.
Symons, Gardner.
Carl Schurz.*
John White Alexander.*
Bacon, Henry.
Ballin, Hugo.
Barnard, George Gray.
Bartlett, Paul W.
Beciwith, J. CarrolL
Taft, Lorado.
Tarbell, Edmund O.
Thayer. Abbott H.
Trowbridge, Breck P.
Trvon, D. W.
Alfred Thayer Mahan.*
Joel Chandler Harris.*
Daniel Chester French.
John Burroughs.
James Ford Rhodes.
Bliss Perry.
Francis Davis Millet.*
Abbott Lawrence Low-
ell.
James Whltccmb
Benson, Frank W.
Betts, Louis.
Blashfield, Edwin H.
Brooks, Richard B.
Brown, Glenn.
Brunner, Arnold W.
Brush. George de Forest.
Butler. Howard Russell.
Vedcler, Elihu.
Walden, Lionel.
Walker, Henry O.
Walker, Horatio.
Warren, Whitney.
Weinman, Adolph A.
Weir, J. Alden.
Wiles, Irving R.
Edwin Austin Abbev.*
Horatio William Parker.
William Milligan Sloane.
Individually Elected.
Edward Everett Hale.*
Robert Underwood John-
son.
Ri ley . *
Nicholas Murray Butler.
Paul Wayland Bartlett.
George Browne Post.*
Owen Wister.
Herbert Adams.
Augustus Thomas.
Timothy Cole.
Cass Gilbert.
Carlsen, Emil.
Clarkson. Ralph.
Cole, Timothy.
Cox, Kenyon.
Cram, Ralph Adams.
Dallin, Cyrus E.
Dannat, William T.
Day, Frank M.
De Gamp, Joseph.
Dewey, Charles M.
DEPT. OP MUSIC.
Bird, Arthur.
Brockway, Howard.
Chadwick, G. W.
Converse, F. S.
Damrosch, Walter.
De Koven. Reginald.
Foote. Arthur.
Hadley. Henry K.
George Washington
Cable.
Daniel Colt Gilman.*
Thomas Wentworth Hig-
ginson.*
Donald Grant Mitchell.*
Andrew Dickson White.
Henry van Dyke.
William Crary Brow-
nell.
William Roscoe Thayer.
Robert Grant.
Frederick Macmonnies.
Julian Alden Weir.
William Gillette.
Paul Elmer More.
George Lockhart Rives.*
Brand Whitlock.
Haralin Garland.
"
Dielman, Frederick W.
Herbert, Victor.
Donaldson, John M.
Hill, Edward Burling-
The names of members are given in the order
Dougherty, Paul.
linme.
of election. Group 1 was chosen by ballot of
Duveneck, Frank.
Kelley, Edgar S.
the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Foster, Ben.
Loeffler, Charles M.
Thereafter each group was chosen by the pre-
French, Daniel O.
Oldberg, Ante.
ceding members. After group 4 the selections
Gay, Walter.
Parker, Horatio W.
were by the full academy of thirty, then in-
Gibson, Charles Dana.
Rebelling Ernest.
creased to fifty, since which time the elections
Gilbert, Cass.
Shelley, Harrv Rowe.
are individually made as vacancies occur. Mem-
Goodhue, Bertram G.
Grafly, Charles.
Smith, David S.
Stock, Frederick A.
bership in the academy is limited to fifty and
is recruited from the National Institute of Arts
Guerin, Jules.
Van der Stncken, F.
and Letters.
Hardenbergh. H. J.
•Ruckstuhl, F. W.
Harrison, Alexander. Whiting, Arthur.
The purposes of the corporation are the fur-
therance of the interests of literature and the
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION OF THE
UNITED STATES.
fine arts. The organization is limited to 250 reg-
ular members. It is authorized to receive be-
quests and donations and to hold the same in
trust for the furtherance of the Interests of lit-
erature and the fine arts.
Calendar year. *Tons.
1870 68,750
1880 1,247,335
Calendar year. *Tons.
1909 23,955,021
1910 26.094,919
1911 23.676,106
1912 31,251,303
1890 4.277,071
1900 10,188.329
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND
1904 13.859.887
1905 . . 20 023.947
1913 31.300.874
1914. . . . 23,513,030
LETTERS.
Founded in 1904; incorporated by act Of congress
1906 23.398.136
1907 23.362.594
1915 32,151,036
1916 42,773,080
April 17, 1916.
1908 14,023,247
President— William Dean Howells.
Chancellor— William Milligan Sloane.
•Tons of 2,240 pounds.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
185
CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS.
Apostolic Delegate— Most Reverend John Bon-
zano. D. D.
Cardinals— James Gibbons, Baltimore, Md. : Wil-
liam H. O'Connell, Boston. Mass.
Archdiocese. Archbishops. Name-
Chicago, 111 George W. Mundelein
Cincinnati, O Henry Moeller
Dubuque. Iowa James J. Keane
Manila, P. I Michael J. O'Doherty
Milwaukee, \Vis ..bebastian G. Messuiur
New Orleans, La John W. Shaw
Oregon City, Ore Alexander Christie
Philadelphia, Pa...- Denis J. Dougherty
St. Louis, Mo John Joseph Glennon
St. Paul, Minn (Vacancy)
San Francisco, Cal Edward J. Hanna
Santa Fe. N. M John Baptist Pitaval
Diocese Bishop*. Name.
Albany, N. Y (Vacancy)
Alexandria, La Cornelius Van de Ven
Alton. Ill James Ryan
Altoona, Pa Eugene A. Garvey
Baker City. Ore Charles J. O'Reilly
Baltimore. Md Owen B. Corrigan (auxiliary)
Belleville. Ill Henry Althoff
Bismarck, N. D Vincent Wehrle
Boise, Idaho Daniel M. Gorman
Boston. Mass Joseph G. Anderson (auxiliary)
Brooklyn, N. Y Charles E. McDonnell
Buffalo, N. Y (Vacancy)
Burlington, Vt Joseph J. Rice
Charleston, S. C William T. Russell
Cheyenne. Wyo Patrick A. McGovern
Chicago, 111 Alexander J. McGavick
Cleveland, O John P. Farrelly
Columbus, O James J. Hartley
Concordia. Kas John F. Cunningham
Corpus Christ!, Tex Paul Joseph Nussbaum
Covlngton, Ky Ferdinand Brousart
Crookston, Minn Timothy Corbett
Dallas. Tex Joseph Patrick Lynch
Davenport. Iowa -. James Davis
Denver, Col J. Henry Tihen
DCS Moines, Iowa Austin Dowling
Detroit, Mich (Vacancy)
Duluth, Minn (Vacancy)
El Paso, Tex Anthony J. Schuler
Erie, Pa J. E. Fitz Maurice
Fall River, Mass Daniel F. Feehan
Fargo. N. D James O'Reilly
Fort Wayne, Ind Herman J. Alerdinc
Galveston. Tex (Vacancy)
Grand Island, Neb James Albert Duffy
Grand Rapids, Mich Michael J. Gallagher
Great Falls. Mont Matbias O. Lenihan
Green Bay, Wis Paul P. Rhode
Harrislnirg, Pa ,.... Philip K. McDevitt
Hartford, Conn John Joseph Nilan
Hawaiian islands Libert H. Boeynaems
Helena. Mont John P. Carroll
Indianapolis, Ind (Vacancy)
Kansas City. Mo Thomas F. Lillis
LaCrosse, Wis James SchwebacU
Lead, S. D John J. Lawler
Leavenworth. Kas John Ward
Lincoln, Neb (Vacancy)
Little Rock. Ark John B. Morris
Louisville. Ky Denis O'Donaehue
Manchester, N. H George Albert Guertin
Marqnette. Mich Frederick Els
Mobile. Ala Edward P. Allen
Monterey-Los Angeles, Cal John J". Cantwell
Nashville, Tenn Thomns Sebastian Byrne
Natchez, Miss John Edward Gunn
Newark. N. J John J. O'Connor
New Orleans. La J. M. Laval (auxiliary)
Ogdensburg, N. Y Henry Gabriels
Oklahoma Theophile Meerschaert
Omaha, Neb Jeremiah J. Harty
Peoria, 111 Edmund .Michael Dnnno
Philadelphia. Pa John J. McCort (auxiliary)
PlttsbOTfh. Pa J. F. Rejris Canevin
Portland, Me Louis S. Walsh
Porto Rico William A. Jones
Providence, R. I Matthew ITnrUins
Richmond, Va Denis Joseph O'Connell
Rochester. N. Y Thomas F. Hickey
Diocese. Name.
Rockford. Ill Peter James Muldoon
Sacramento, Cal Thomas Grace
St. Augustine, Fla Michael J. Cur ley
St. Cloud, Minn Joseph F. Buscu
St. Joseph. Mo Maurice F. Burke
Salt Lake City. Utah Joseph S. Glass
San Antonio. Tex John William Shaw
Savannah. Ga Benjamin J. Keiley
Scranton. Pa Michael John Iloban
Seattle, Wash Edward John O'Dea
Sioux City. Iowa Philip Joseph Garrigan
Sioux Falls. S. D Thomas O'Gorman
Spokane, Wash Augustine F. Sehinner
Springfield. Mass Thomas D. Beavtn
Superior, Wis Joseph M. Koudelka
Syracuse, N. Y John Grimes
Toledo, O Joseph Schrembs
Trenton, N. J : (Vacancy)
Tucson, Ariz Henry Granlon
Wheeling. W. Va Patrick James Donahue
Wichita, Kas John J. Hennessy
Wilmington, Del John J. Monaghan
Winona, Minn Patrick R. Heffron
Catholic Church Statistics.
[From the Official Catholic Directory for 1918.]
Figures are for the United States.
Cardinals— 2.
Archbishops-^11.
Bishops— 93. v
Secular clergy— 14,922.
Religious clergy — 5,555.
Total clergy— 20,477.
Churches with resident
priests— 10,369.
Missions with churches
—5.448.
Total churches— 15,817.
Seminaries— 106.
Students— 7.238.
Colleges for boys — 217.
Academies for girls — 677.
Parishes with schools—
5.748.
Children attending —
1.593.407.
Orphan asylums — 297.
Orphans — 16,474.
Homes for aged — 109.
Catholic population of
U. S.— 17.416.303.
Pope and College of Cardinals.
Pope— Benedict XV.. born Nov. 21, 1854: elected
1914.
Papal Secretary— Cardinal Pietro Gasparrf.
Cardinal bishops. Created cardinal.
Cassetta. Francis de Paula, b. Aug. 12, 1845.. 1889
Vannutelli, Vincent, b. Dec. 5, 1836 188»
De Lai Cajetan. b. July 26, 1853 1907
Vico, Antonio, b. Jan. 9. 1847 1911
Granito, Pignatelli di Gennaro. b. 1851 1911
Cardinal priests.
Almaraz y Santos, Enrlquez, b. Sept. 22, 1847.1911
Amette. Leone Adolfo. b. Sept. 6. 1850 1911
Andrieu, Paul Pierre, b. Dec. 8. 1849 1907
Ascalesi. Alexius, b. Feb. 15, 1859 1916
Bacilieri, Bartholomew, b. Marc!-. 27, 1842.... 1901
Begin, Louis N.. b. Jan. 10. 1840 1914
Boggiani, Thomas P., b. 1863 1916
Boschi, Julius, b. March 2. 1838 1901
Bourne, Francis, b. March 23, 1861 1911
Cabrleres. Francis M. D. de. b. Aug. 30, 1830.1911
Cagiano de Azevedo, Ottavius, b. Nov. 7, 1845.1905
Cagliero, John, b. 1838 1915
Cavalcanti. Joachim A. de A., b. Jan. 17, 1850.1905
Cos y Machio, Giuseppe, b. Aug. 6, 1838 1911
Csernoch, John, b. Jan. IS. 1852 1914
Doubourg, Augustus, b. 1842 1918
Dubois, Louis Ernest, b. 1856 1916
Ferrari, Andrew, b. Aug. 18, 1850 1894
Francisca-Navn di Bontife. J., b. July 23, 1816.1899
Fruhwirth, Andrew, b. 1845 1915
Gasparrt, Peter, b. May 6. 1852 1907
Gibbons, James, b. July 23, 1834 1896
Guiasola y Mendez, V.. b. April 21, 1852.... 1914
GusminI, George, b. 1855 1915
Hartmann. Felix de. b. Dec. 15, 1851 1914
Herrera. Joseph M. M., b. Aug. 26, 1835 1897
La Fontaine, Peter, b. 1860 1916
Logue, Michael, b. Oct. 1, 1840 , 1893
Lnaldi, Alexander, b. Aug. 12. 1858 1907
Lnonn Louis Henry, b. Oct. 28, 1842 1907
Maffl. Peter, b. Oct. 12. 1858 1907
Maurln, Louis J.. b. 1859 1916
Mendes, Hello Anthony, b. Aug. 25, 1842 1907
Mercier. Desideratus. b. Nov. 21, 1851 1907
Merry del Val, Raphael, b. Oft. 10, 1865.... 1903
Mlstfaneelo. Alphonsus. b. 18.",2 1915
Netto, Joseph Sebastian, b. Feb. 8, 1841 1884
186
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Cardinal priests. Created cardinal.
O'Connell, William H., b. Dec. 8, 1859 1911
Piffl, Frederick G., b. Oct. 15, 1S64 1914
Pompili, Basilius. b. April 16, 1863 1911
Frisco, Joseph, b. Sept. 18, 1836 1896
Ranuzzi de Blanchi, V. A., b. 1857 1916
Richelmy, Augustinus. b. Nov. 29, 1850 1899
Rinaldini. Aristides, b. Feb. 5, 1844 1907
Sbarrettl, Donatus. b. 1856 1916
Scapinelli di Leguigno, Raphael, b. 1868 19i5
Skrbensky, Leo de, b. June 12, 1863 1901
Tonti, Julius, b. 1844 1915
Van Rpssum, William, b. Sept. 3. 1854 1911
Cardinal deacons.
Bisleti, Cajetan, b. March 20. 1856 1911
Billot, Louis, b. Jan. 22, 1846 1911
Gasquet, Francis A., b. Oct. 5, 1846 1914
Giorgi, Orestes -. 1916
Giustini, Pbilipp, b. May 8, 1852 1914
Lega. Michael, b. Jan. 1, 1860 1914
Marini. Nicholas 1916
Catholic Educational Association.
Honorary President— James Cardinal Gibbons,
Baltimore, Md.
President-General— The Rt.-Rev. Thomas J. Sha-
han, D. D., Washington, D. C.
Vice-Presidents-General—Very Rev. B. A. Pace,
D. D., Washington, D. C. ; Very Rev. James
A. Burns, C. S. C.. LL.D., Brookland, D. C. ;
Rev. P. C. Yorke. D. D., San Francisco, Cal.
Secretary-General— The Rev. Francis W. Howard,
LL. D., 1651 East Main street, Columbus. O.
Treasurer-General— The Rev. Francis T. Moran,
D. D., Cleveland, O.
Office of association— 1651 East Main street, Co-
lumbus, O.
The Catholic Church Extension Society of the
United States of America.
750 McCormick building, Chicago, 111.
Cardinal Protector — His Eminence Sebastian
Cardinal Martinelli.
Chancellor Board of Governors — The Most Rever-
end George W. Mundelein, D. D., Archbishop
-of Chicago.
Vice-Caancellor Board of Governors— The Most
Reverend S. G. Messmer. D. D., D. C. L.,
Archbishop of Milwaukee.
President— The Rt.-Rev. Mgr. Francis C. Kelley,
D. D., LL. D.
Vice-President and General Secretary— The Rev.
E. B. Ledvlna.
Vice-President and Director Child Apostles and
Order of Martha-The Rev. W. D. O'Brien.
Vice-President and General Counsel — Joseph D.
Daly.
Treasurer — John A. Lynch.
Recording Secretary Board of Governors— War-
ren A. Cartier.
Superintendent Chapel Cars— George C. Hennes-
sey.
Executive Committee— The Most Reverend George
W. Mundelein, D. D. ; the Rt.-Rev. Mgr. Fran-
cis C. Kelley, D. D., LL. D. ; Leo J. Doyle,
Richmond Dean. Warren A. Cartier, Edward F.
Carry.
Board of Auditors— The Rev. R. F. Flyhn, the
Rev. F. J. O'Roilly, J. J. Fleming, S. C.
Scotten, George T. Kelly.
Extension Magazine.
The official organ of the Catholic Church Ex-
tension Society of the TJnited States of America.
Editorial Department — Brooks building. Chicago.
Editor— Tho .Rt.-Rev. Mgr. Francis C. Kelley,
D. D.. LL. D.
Associate Editor— Rev. William D. O'Brien.
Managing Editor — Simon A. Baldus.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Residences and Assignment of Bishops.
Atlanta, Ga.— Frederick D. Leete.
Buenos Aires, S. A.— William P. Oldham.
Buffalo, N. Y.— William Burt.
Chattanooga, Tenn.— Frank M. Bristol.
Chicago, 111.— Thomis Nicholson./
Cincinnati, O.— William F. Anderson.
Denver, Col.— Francis J. McDonnell.
Detroit, Mich.— Theodore S. Henderson.
Shanghai. China— Wilson S. Lewis.
Helena, Mont.— Richard J. Cooke.
Maiden, Mass.— Edwin H. Hughes.
JNOW Orleans, La.— Wilbur P. Thirkield.
New York, N. Y.— Luther B. Wilson.
Omaha, Neb.— Homer C. Stuntz.
Pekin, China— James W. Bashford.
Philadelphia. Pa.— Joseph F. Berry.
Portland, Ore.— Matthew S. Hughes.
St. Louis, Mo.— William A. Quayle.
St. Paul. Minn.— Charles B. Mitchell.
San Francisco, Cal. — Adna W. Leonard.
Seoul. Korea— Herbert Welch.
Washington, D. C.— William F. McDowell.
Wichita. Kas.— William O. Shepard.
Zurich, Switzerlai d— John L. Nuelson.
Missionary Bishops.
Meadville. Pa.— James M. Thobnrn (retired).
Cincinnati, O.— Joseph C. Hartzell (retired), 420
Plum street.
Lueknow, India — Frank W. Warne.
Nashville, Tenn.— Isaiah B. Scott (retired), 125
14th avenue.
Seoul, Korea— Merriman C. Harris (retired).
Bangalore, India— John W. Robinson.
Monrovia. Liberia — Alexander P. Camphor.
Umtali. Rhodesia. South Africa— Eben S. Johnson.
Corresponding Secretaries — Elected by the
General Conference.
Board of Foreign Missions— S. Earl Taylor, Frank
Mason North, 150 5th avenue. New York, N. Y.
Board of Home Missions and Church Extension —
D. D. Forsyth, 17th and Arch streets, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Freedman's Aid Society— Patrick J. Maveety, I.
Garland Penn, 420 Plum street, Cincinnati, O.
Board of Education— A. W. Harris, 150 5th ave-
nue. New York, N. Y.
Board of Sunday Schools— Edgar Blake. 58 East
Washington street, Chicago. 111.
Board of Conference Claimants— Joseph B. Hinge-
ley, 820 Garland building. Chicago. 111.
Epworth League, General Secretary — Charles E.
Guthrie, 740 Rush street, Chicago. 111.
Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public
Morals— Clarence True Wilson, 204 Pennsylvania
avenue, S. E., Washington, D. C.
General Deaconess Board— Daniel W. Howcll, 483
Ellicott square, Buffalo, N. Y.
Commission on Finance — Joseph W. Van Cleve,
740 Hush street. Chicago. 111.
Epworth League.
Organized at Cleveland, O., May 15, 1889.
President— Bishop A. W. Leonard, San Francis-
co. Cal.
General Secretary— Charles E. Guthrie. 740 Rush
street, Chicago, 111.
German Assistant Secretary— Rev. A. O. Bucher.
Cincinnati, O.
Assistant Secretary for Colored Conferences-
Rev. W. W. Lucas, Meridian, Miss.
Editor Epworth Herald— Rev. Dan B. Brummitt,
D. D., 740 Rush street. Chicago, 111.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH.
Bishops.
Eugene R. Hendrix, Kansas City, Mo.
Joseph S. Key, Sherman, Tex.
Warren A. Candler, Atlanta, Ga.
Henry C. Morrison, Lee.sburg, Fla.
K. Embree Hoss. Muskogee, Okla.
James Atkins, Waynesville. N. C.
Collins Denny, Richmond. Va.
John C. Kilgo, Charlotte, N. C.
William B. Murrah, Memphis. Tenn.
W. R. Lambnth, Oakdale. Cal.
E. D. Monzon, Dallas, Tex.
R. G, Waterhonse. Los Angeles, Cal.
J. H. McCoy, Birmingham, Ala.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. '
Presiding Bishop— D. S. Tuttle. Bishop of Missouri.
Diocese. Bishop and residence.
Alabama C. >M. Beckwlth, Montgomery
Alaska Peter Trimble Rowe. Seattle. Wash.
Albany R. H. Nelson. Albany. N. Y.
Arizona J. W. Atwood. Phrenlx
Arkansas James R. Winchester, Little Rock
Suffragan Edwin W. Saphorp. Little Rock
Suff. for col. race, E. T. Demby, Keeling, Tenn.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
187
Diocese. Bishop and residence.
Asheviile Junius M. Homer. Asheville. N. C.
Atlanta Henry J. Mikell, Atlanta
Bethlehem B. Talbot, South Bethlehem, Pa.
California William F. Nichols. San Francisco
Central New York Charles T. Olinsted, Utica
Coadjutor Charles Fiske, Syracuse, N. Y.
Chicago C. P. Anderson, Chicago
Suffragan Sheldon M. Griswold, Chicago
Colorado Irving P. Johnson. Denver
Connecticut C. B. Brewster, Hartford
Suffragan.. Edw. C. Acheson, Hiddletown, Conn.
Dallas A. C. Garrett. Dallas. Tex.
Coadjutor Harry T. Moore, Dallas
Delaware F. J. Kinsman, Wilmington
Duluth James D. Morrison, Duluth, Mian.
East Carolina.. Thos. C. Darst, Wilmington, N.C.
Eastern Oklahoma.'!'. P. Thurston, Muskogee, Okla.
Eastern Oregon. Robert L.Paddock.Hood River, Ore.
Eastou William F. Adams, Easton, Md.
Erie Rogers Israel, Erie, Pd.
Florida E. .G. Weed. Jacksonville
Fond du Lac..E. H. Weller, Fond du Lac, Wis.
Georgia Frederick F. Reese, Savannah
Harrisburg....J. H. Darlington, Harrisburg. Pa.
Honolulu H. B. Restarick. Honolulu, H. I.
Idaho James B. Funsten, Boisa
Indianapolis J. M. Francis, Indianapolis
lowla T. N. Morrison, Davenport
Coadjutor Harry S. Longley, Des Moines
Kansas James Wise, Topeka
Kentucky Charles E. Woodcock, Louisville
Lexington L. W. Burton, Lexington, Ky.
Long Island F. Burgess, Garden City, L. I.
Los Angeles J. H. Johnson. Pasadena, Cal.
Louisiana Davis Sessums, New Orleans
Maine Benjamin Brewster, Portland
Marquette G. M. Williams. Annapolis, Md.
Maryland John G. Murray Baltimore
Massachusetts William Lawrence, Boston
Suffragan Samuel G. Babcock, Boston
Michigan ,.... Charles D. Williams, Detroit
Michigan City....J. H. White, South Bend, Ind.
Milwaukee.. William W. Webb, Milwaukee, Wis.
Minnesota Frank A. McElwain, Minneapolis
Mississippi T. Du B. Brntton. Jackson
Missouri D. S. Tuttle, St. Louis
Coadjutor F. F. Johnson, St. Louis
Montana William F. Faber, Helena
Nebraska Arthur L. Williams, Omaha
Nevada George C. Hunting, Reno
Newark .....E. S. Lines, Newark, N. J.
Coadjutor Wilson R. Stearly, Newark. N. J.
New Hampshire.... Edward M. Parker, Concord
New Jersey Paul Matthews, Trenton
Now Mexico... F. B. Howden, Albuquerque, N. M.
Now York David H. Greer, New York
Suffragan Charles S. Burch, New York
North Carolina J. B. Cheshire, Raleigh
Suffragan Henry B. Delany, Raleigh
North Dakota J. P. Tyler. Fargo
North Texas E. A. Temple, Amarillo, Tex.
Ohio William A. Leonard, Cleveland
Coadjutor Frank Du Moulin. Toledo
Oklahoma ( Vacancy)
Olympia F. W. Keator, Tacoma. Wash.
Oregon Walter T. Sumner, Portland
Pennsylvania. Philip M. Rhinelander, Philadelphia
Suffragan...,. Thomas J. Garland, Philadelphia
Philippines.... (In charge of bishop of Shanghai)
Pittsburgh C. Whitehead, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Porto Rico C. B. Colmore, San Juari
Quincy M. E. Faweett, Quincy, 111.
Rhode Island J. De Wolfe Perry, Providence
Sacramento W. H. Moreland, Sacramento
Sallna John O. Sage, Salina
San .Toaquin L. C. Sanford, Fresno, Cal.
South Carolina W. A. Guerry, Charleston
South Dakota Hugh L. Bnrleson, Sioux Falls
Suffragan William P. Remington
Southern Florida Cameron Mann, Orlando
Southern Ohio Boyd Vincent, Cincinnati
Coadjutor Theodore I. Reese. Columbns
Southern Virginia Beverly D. Tucker, Norfolk
Suffragan Arthur C. Thomson. Portsmouth
Spokane Herman Page. Spokane. Wash.
Springfield. Gran ville H. Sherwood. Springfield. 111.
Tennessee Thomas F. Gailor, Memphis
Diocese. Bishop and residence.
Texas G. H. Kinsolvlng, Austin
Coadjutor Clinton S. Quin
Utah (In charge of bishop of W. Colorado)
Vermont A. C. A. Hall, Burlington
Coadjutor George Y. Bliss, Burlington, Vt.
Virginia Robert A. Gibson, Richmond
Coadjutor William Oabell Brown. Richmond
Washington, D. C. ..Alfred Harding, Washington
Western Colorado F. Touret, Grand Junction
Western Massachusetts.. T. F. Davies, Worcester
West Missouri S. O. Partridge, Kansas City
Western Michigan.J. N. McCormick, Grand Rapids
Western Nebraska G. A. Beecher, Hastings
Western N. Y Charles H Brent. Buffalo
West Texas William T. Capers, San Antonio
West Virginia.... William L. Gravatt. Charleston
Wyoming N. S. Thomas, Cheyenne
Foreign missions:
West Africa (Vacancy)
China (Shanghai) F. R. Graves, Shanghai
China (Anking) D. T. Huntington, Anting
China (Hankow) L. H. Roots. Hankow
Japan (Tokyo) John McKim, Tokyo
Japan (Kyoto) Henry St. G. Tucker, Kyoto
Cuba H. R. Hulse. Havana
Haiti In charge of bishop of Porto Rico
South'n Brazil.L.L.Kinsolving.Porto Alegre, Brazil
European churches— G. Mott Williams, bishop in
charge.
Mexico.. H. D. Aves, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
Nondiocesan — Arthur S. Hoyd, James H. Van
Buren. Anson R. Graves, William M. Brown,
William C. Gray, A. W. Knight, L. H. Wells.
J. S. Johnston, E. W. Osborne. Psiul Jones.
General Convention.
House of Bishops.
Chairman — Rt.-Rev. Thomas F. Gailor, Memphis,
Tenn.
Secretary— Rev. Samuel Hart, Middletown, Conn.
Assistant Secretary — George T. Nelson, New
York, N. Y.
House of Deputies.
President— Rev. Dr. Alexander Mann, Boston,
Mass.
Secretary — Rev. Henry Anstice, New York, N. Y.
Assistant Secretaries — Rev. C. M. Davis, St
Louis, Mo.; Rev. W. C. Prout, Herkimer, N.
Y. ; Rev. James G. Glass, Anniston, Ala.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THEl UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
Moderator— Rev. J. Frank Smith, D. D., Dallas,
Tex.
Stated Cleric— Rev. William H. Roberts. D. D.,
LL. D., 515 Witherspoon building, 1319 Walnut
street. Philadelphia, Pa.
Permanent Clerk— Rev. Edward L. Warren. D. D.,
Louisville, Ky.
Assistant Clerk— Rev. James M. Hubbert. D. D.
Trustees.
President— George Stevenson, Philadelphia, Pa.
Corresponding Secretary— Rev. Alexander Henry,
D. D.
Recording Secretary— Edward R. Sterrett, 511
Withprspoon building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Treasurer— The Philadelphia Trust company.
Office— 1319 Walnut street. Philadelphia, Pa.
Board of Foreign Missions.
President— Rev. Wilton Merle Smith, D. D.
Secretary— Rev. John A. Marquis, D. D.
Associate Secretaries— Rev. John Dixou, D. D.;
Rev.B.P.Fnllerton.D. D. •
Office— 106 5th avenue, New York, N. Y.
Board of Foreign Missions.
President— Rev. George Alexander, D. D.
Corresponding Secretaries— Dr. Robert E. Speer,
Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D. D.; Rev. A. Wood-
ruff Halsey, D. D., and Rev. Stanley White,
D. D.
Treasurer— Dvight H. Day.
Office— 156 5th avenue. New York, N. Y.
Board of Education.
President— Rev. Charles Wudsworth, Jr., D. D.,
Philadelphia. Pa.
Secretary— (Vacancy.)
Treasurer— Edward R. Sterrett.
Office— 1219 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
188
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Board of Publication and Sabbath School
Work.
President— William H. Scott, Philadelphia, Pa.
Secretary (acting)— Rev. Alexander Henry, D. D.
Business Superintendent — Frank M. Braselmunn.
Editor— Rev. John T. Faris, D. D.
Superintendent of Missions— John M. Somerndike.
Secretary Religious Education— Rev. Robert W.
Veach, D, D.
Manufacturer — Henry F. Scheetz.
Treasurer— M. S. Collingwood.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago Office— 509 South Wabash avenue.
Board of Church Erection.
President— Rev. Newell Woolsey Wells, D. D.
Recording Secretary— Rev. B. Van Dyke Wight,
D. D.
General Secretary— Rev. David G. Wylie, D. D.
Field Secretary — Rev. Jesse C. Bruce, D. D.
Special Representative— Rev. Louis E. Holden,
D. D.
Treasurer — Rev. George R. Brauer.
Office— 156 6th avenue. New York, N. Y.
Board of Ministerial Belief and Sustentation.
President— Rev. John R. Davies, D. D., Philadel-
phia, Pa.
General Secretary— (Vacancy.)
Associate Secretaries— (Vacancy.)
Treasurer— Rev. William W. Heberton, D. D.
Office— 1319 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Board of Missions for Freedmen.
President— Rev. Samuel J. Fisher, D. D., Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer — Rev. Ed-
•ward P. Cowan. D. D.
Associate Secretary — Rev. John M. Gaston, D. D.
Office— 513 Bessemer building. 6th street. Pitts-
burgh. Pa.
College Board.
President— Rev. Edwin A. McAlpin, Jr.
Secretary— Rev. Robert Mackenzie, D. D., LL. D.
Associate Secretaries— Rev. James E. Clarke,
'D. D. ; Rev. Calvin H. French, D. D.
Treasurer— Henry L. Smith.
Office— 156 5th avenue. New York, N. Y.
General Board of Education.
President— Rev. Charles F. Wishart. D. D., Chi-
cago, 111.
Vice-President—Thomas W. Synnott, Philadel-
phia. Pa.
Secretary— (Vacancy.)
Recording Secretary— Rev. Robert W. Mackenzie,
D. D., New York. N. Y.
Treasurer— Edward R. Sterrett.
Office— 156 Fifth avenue. New York, N. Y.
The Board of Temperance.
President— Rev. Thomas Watters, D. D.
General Secretary — Prof. Charles Scanlon, LL. D.
Treasurer— J. R. Park, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Assembly Herald.
Managing Committee— Rev. A. Woodruff Halsey,
D. D., chairman; Rev. John Dixon, D. D. ;
William H. Scott.
Manager— Horace P. Camden.
Office— 1328 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Christian Life and Work.
Chairman— Rev. J. Frank Smith. D. D.
Secretary— Rev. William H. Roberts, D. D., With-
erspoon building, Philadelphia, Pa.
Men's Work.
Chairman— Rev. John Timothy Stone, D. D.
Secretary— Rev. William F. Weir, D. D.
Treasurer— Albert Shupe.
Office— 1245 Beall avenue, Wooster, O.
Presbyterian Historical Society.
President — Rev. Henry van Dyke, D. D., LL. D.
General Sec-rotary— Rev. Joseph B. Turner.
Treasurer— J. Lewis Twaddell.
Honorary Librarian — Rev. Louis F. Benson. D. D.
Library. Museum, etc. — Witherspoon building.
Philadelphia. Pn.
THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.
American Congregational Association.
President— Arthur S. Johnson, Boston, Mass.
Vice-Presidents—William F. Whittemore, Boston.
Mass. ; Peter C. Jones, Honolulu, H. I.
Secretary— Thomas Todd, Jr., Concord, Mass.
Treasurer— A. S. Lovett, Brookline, Mass.
Headquarters — Congregational House, Boston,
Mass.
American Beard of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions.
President— Prof. E. C. Moore, D. D.
Treasurer— Frank H. Wiggin.
Secretaries— Rer. James L. Barton. D. D. : Rev.
Cornelius H. Patton. D. D.; Rev. E. L. Smith,
D. D.
Editorial Secretary— Rev. W. E. Strong, D. D.
District Secretaries— Rev. C. H. Patton, D. D. (in
charge), Boston, Mass.; Rev. E. L. Smith,
D. D. (in charge), New York, N. Y. ; Rev. A.
N. Hitchcock, D. D., Chicago, 111. ; Rev. H. H.
Kelsey, D. D., San Francisco, Cal.
Headquarters — Congregational House, Boston,
Mass.
American Missionary Association.
President— Henry C. King. LL. D.
Treasurer— Irving C. Gaylord.
Secretaries— J. E. McAfee; Rev. George L. Cady.
D. D.
Headquarters— 287 4th avenue, New York city.
District Secretaries— Rev. George H. Gutterson,
D. D., Congregational House, Boston, Mass.;
Rev. Frank Newhall White, D. D., 19 South La-
Salle street, Chicago, 111. ; Rev. George W. Hin-
man, 21 Brenham place, San Francisco. Cal.
Sunday School Extension Society.
President — Rev. Rockwell Harmon Potter, D D.
General Secretary— Rev. C. E. Burton, D. D.
Treasurer— Charles H Baker.
Headquarters— 287 Fourth avenue. New York.
Sunday School and Publishing Society.
President— Rev. Clarence F. Swift, D. D.
Treasurer— Harry M. Nelson.
General Secretary— Rev. F. M. Sheldon.
Headquarters— 14 Beacon street, Boston, Mass.
Church Building Society.
President— Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, D. D.
Treasurer — Charles H. Baker
General Secretary— Rev. Charles E. Burton. D. D.
Church Building Secretary— Rev. Charles H. Rich-
ards, D. D.
Field Secretaries— John P. Sanderson, D. D..
. Chicago, 111.; William W. Leete. D. D., Bos-
ton, Mass. ; Rev. H. H. Wikoff, San Francisco.
Cal.
Assistant Field Secretary— Mrs. C. H. Taintor.
Clinton, Conn.
Headquarters— 287 4th avenue, New York.
Home Missionary Society.
President— Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, D. D.
Treasurer— Charles H. Baker.
Secretaries— Rev. Charles E. Burton, D. D.; Rev.
William S. Beard.
Headquarters— 287 4th avenue, New York city.
Education Society.
President— Rev. Clarence F. Swift. D. D.
Secretary— Rev. Frank M. Sheldon. Boston. Mass.
District Secretary (Chicago)— Rev. R. W. Gam-
mon, D. D., 19 W. Jackson boulevard.
Treasurer — Harry M. Nelson.
Headquarters— lit Beacon street. Boston, Mass1.
Ministerial Relief.
Chairman— Rev. H. A. Stimson, D. D., New York
city.
Corresponding Secretary— William A. Rice, D.
D., New York city.
Western Secretary — Rev.
Chicago. 111.
Treasurer— B. H. Fancher, 287 4th avenue. New
York city.
National Council (Biennial).
Moderator— Rev. William Horace Day, D. D.,
Bridgeport. Conn.
Secretary— Rev. Hubert C., Herring, 14 Beacon
street. Boston, Mass.
I Treasurer — Rev. John J. Walker. Boston, Mass.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
189
Woman's Board of Missions.
Secretary— Miss Helen B. Culder. Congregational
House, Boston, Mass.
Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior.
Secretary— Mrs. L. O. Lee, 1315. 19 South LaSalle
street, Chicago, 111.
Woman's Board of Missions of the Pacific.
Secretary— Mrs. II. M. Tenney, 311 East Lake
avenue, Watsonville, Cal.
The Woman's Home Missionary Federation.
President— Mrs. Hastings H. Hart, 7 Colden ave-
nue. White Plains. N. Y.
General Secretary— Miss Miriam P. Choate, 289
4th avenue. New York city.
Recording: Secretary— Mrs. Henry E. Birdseye,
Glen Ridge. N. J.
Treasurer— Mrs. Harry E. Smith, 105 Mamaroneck
avenue, Wlilte Plains, N. Y.
BAPTIST DENOMINATION.
Baptist World Alliance— President. Dr. Robert S.
MacArthur. New York. N. Y. : secretaries. Rev.
J. H. Shakespeare. London, England; Rev. Dr.
R. H. Pitt. Richmond. Va.
General Convention of Baptists of North America
—President. Hon. H. W. Stephens. Coluiribia,
Mo. ; secretary. Prof. W. O. Carver, Louis-
ville. Ky.
Northern Baptist Convention— President. E. Way-
land Ayer. Philadelphia, Pa. ; corresponding
secretary. Rev. W. C. Bitting, D. D.. St.
Louis.
American Baptist Publication Society— President,
W. G. Brimson. Chicago, 111. ; secretary (act-
ing), F. H. Robinson. 1701 Chestnut street,
Philadelphia. Pa.
American Baptist Historical Society— President.
Spenser B. Meeser. Upland. Pa. ; secretary,
John W. Lyell, D. D., Camden, N. J.
American Baptist Foreign Mission Society — Presi-
dent. Thomas J. Villers, D. D.. Detroit, Mich. ;
corresponding secretary, home department. John
Y. Aitchison. D. D.. William B. Lipphard ; for-
eign department. James H. Franklin. D. D. ;
Joseph C. Robbins ; George B. Huntington ;
treasurer, Geo. B. Huntington, Ford building,
Boston, Mass.
American Baptist Home Mission Society — Presi-
dent, J. C. Massie. D. D., Dayton, O. ; treas-
urer, Frank T. Moulton. New York. N. Y. :
executive secretary. Charles L. White. 23 East
26th street. New York, N. Y. ; headquarters,
23 East 26th street. New York. N. Y.
Department of Missionary Education — Rev. John
M. Moore, secretary, 23 East 26th street. New
York. N. Y.
Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission So-
ciety—President. Mrs. W. A. Montgomery ; re-
cording secretary. Mrs. T. E. Adams ; foreign
department. Ford building. Boston, Mass. ;
vice-president, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody ; hon-
orary foreign secretary, Mrs. H. G. Safford;
foreign secretary. Miss N. G. Prescott ; asso-
ciate foreign secretary. Miss Helen Hunt ; treas-
urer. Miss A. E. Stedman. Home administra-
tion department, 450 E. 30th street, Chicago.
111. ; vice-president. Mrs. Andrew MacLeish ;
secretary. Miss Ella D. MacLaurin; publisher.
Miss Frances K. Burr.
Woman's American Baptist Home Mission So-"
ciety— President. Mrs. John Nuveen. Chicago,
111.: corresponding secretary, Mrs. Katherine
S. Westfall, 2969 Vernon avenue, Chicago. 111.:
recording secretary, Mrs. S. C. Jennings, 1312
Oak avenue. Evanston. 111. ; treasurer. Mrs.
Washington Laycock, 6437 Green street, Chi-
cago, 111.
Baptist Young People's Union of America— Presi-
dent, Dr. J. W. Hoag. Detroit. Mich. : record-
ing secretary, J. O. Dance, Fairmont, Va. ; gen-
eral secretary. Dr. James Asa White, Chicago,
Baptist Board of Education— President, Prof.
Finest D. Burton. 5525 Woodlawn avenue, Chi-
capo. 111.; executive secretary. Rev. V. W.
Padelford. D. D.. 706 Ford building, Boston,
Mass.
UNITARIAN CHURCH.
General Conference.
President— William Howard Tart. LL. D., New
Haven, Conn.
Vice-Presidents—Miss Anna M. Bancroft, Hope-
dale, Mass. ; Hon. Adelbert Moot, BuflJulo,
N. Y. ; Hon. Hugh McKennan Landon, Indi-
anapolis, Ind. ; John W. Loud. Montreal, Can-
ada ; John Shepardson, Charleston, S. C.
General Secretary— Rev. Walter F. Greenmau. 684
Astor street. Milwaukee. Wis.
Treasurer— Percy A. Atherton, 30 State street.
Boston, Mass.
American Unitarian Association.
President— Samuel A. Eliot, D. D., LL. D., Bos-
ton. Mass.
Vice-Presidents—William Howard Taft, New
Haven, Conn.; Clarence E. Carr, Andover, N.
H. ; George Boule, New Orleans. La.; Frank H.
Hiscock, Syracuse. N. Y. ; John Laurence Mau-
ran, St. Louis, Mo. ; Paris Gibson, Great Falls.
Mont. ; Milton L. Hersey, Montreal. Canada -
William H. Carruth. Palo Alto. Cal.
Secretary— Louis C. Cornish, 25 Beacon street,
Bor.ton, Mass.
Assistant Secretary— W. Forbes Robertson, Ar
lington. Mass.
Treasurer— Henry M. Williams, Cambridge, Mass.
LUTHERAN DENOMINATION.
General Synod of Lutheran Church of the
United States.
President— Rev. V. G. A. Tressler, D. D., Spring-
field. O.
Secretary— Rev. F. P. Manhart. D. D.. Selins-
KTOva, Pa.
Treasurer— Geo. H. Knollenberg. Richmond. Ind.
Missouri Synod.
President— Rev. F. Pfotenhauer. 415 West 62d
street. Chicago, 111.
Secretary— Prof. R. D. Bledermann. Concordla
seminary. Springfield. 111.
The official title of this organization Is: The
Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio
and Other States.
Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.
President— Rev. H. F. G. Stub, St. Paul, Minn.
Vice-President—Prof. J. P. Klldahl. D. D., St.
Paul, Minn.
Secretary— Rev. N. J. Lohre, M. A., Mayville,
N. D.
The Luther League of America.
President— C. T. A. Anderson. Chicago, 111.
General Secretary — Harry Hodges, Philadelphia.
Literature Secretary — Rev. Luther M. Kubns, 440
Paxton block.Omaua, Neb.
Treasurer— P. W. Banker. Wllkesbarre. Pa.
Chairman National Executive Committee — Hon.
E. F. Ellert, New York. N. Y.
The Luther league is nonsynodical in organ-
ization. It has seventeen state, eighty-two dis-
trict and 1,400 local organizations.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH.
The Christian Science church was founded In
1879 by Mary. Baker Eddy, the discoverer of
Christian Science and author of Its textbook,
"Science and Health with Key to the Scrip-
tures." The church was organized to "commem-
orate the word and works of our Master, which
should reinstate primitive Christianity and its
lost element of healing" (Church Manual). Its
proper name is The First Church of Christ, Sci-
entist, in Boston, Mass. It is also known as The
Mother Church. The present officers of The
Mother Church (are:
President — Dr. Francis J. Fluno.
Clerk— Charles E. Jar vis.
Treasurer— Edward L. Ripley.
Directors-— John V. Dittemore, Adam H. Dickey.
James A. Neal, Edward A. Merritt, William
R. Rathvon.
All Christian Science churches and societies In
the United States and in foreign countries are
branches of The Mother Church. Lesson-sermons
190
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
compiled from the bible and "Science and Health
with Key to the Scriptures," by Mrs. Eddy,
are read at the services in Christian Science
churches.
The Christian Science Journal, Sentinel, Quar-
terly, Der Herold der Christian Science, Le
Heraut de Christian Science and The Christian
Science Monitor (an international daily news-
paper) are published by The Christian Science
Publishing society in Boston.
There is in connection with the Christian
Science movement an official board of lectureship
designed to furnish the public correct informa-
tion concerning the fundamental teachings of
Christian Science. Lectures given by members of
this board are free to the public.
CHDRCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM.
[Swedeaborgian. ]
The General Convention.
President— Rev. Julian K. Smyth, 230 West 59th
street. New York, N. Y.
Vice-President— Hon. Job Barnard, 1401 Fairmont
street. N. W., Washington, D. C.
Recording Secretary— B. A. Whitttmore, 134 Bow-
doin street. Boston, Mass.
Treasurer— James Richard Carter, 246 Devonshire
street, Boston, Mass.
FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF
CHRIST IN AMERICA.
Organized in December, 1908.
A federation officially organized and including
the following denominations: Baptist churches
(north), national Baptist convention. Free Bap-
tist churches, Christian church, Congregational
churches. Disciples of Christ, Friends, German
Evangelical synod. Evangelical association, Lu-
theran church (general synod). Mennonite church.
Methodist Episcopal church, Methodist Episcopal
Church South, African Methodist Episcopal church,
African Methodist Episcopal Zion church. Colored
Methodist Episcopal Church in America, Metho-
dist Protestant church, Moravian church, Presby-
terian Church in the United States of America,
Presbyterian Church in the United States (south).
Protestant Episcopal church (commissions on
Christian unity and social service). Reformed
Church in America, Reformed Church in the
United States, Reformed Episcopal church. Re-
formed Presbyterian church (general synod). Sev-
enth Day Baptist church, United Brethren
church. United Evangelical church. United Pres-
byterian church, Welsh Presbyterian church.
Officers— President, Rev. Mason North ; gen-
eral secretary. Rev. Charles S. Macfarland;
treasurer, Alfred R. Kimball: chairman of the
executive committee. Rev. James I. Vance ; chair-
man of the administrative committee. Rev. Al-
bert G. Lawson.
The council meets Quadrennially and its execu-
tive committee annually. Its work is carried on
through the following commissions: The church
and social service, peace and arbitration, evan-
gelism, Christian education, foreign missions,
home missions, family life, temperance. Sunday
observance, church and country life, interchurch
federations, and general war time commission of
churches.
The national offices are at 105 East 22d street.
New York. N. Y.
An office is maintained in the Woodward build-
ing. Washington. D. C.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
International Committee of Yonng Men's Chris-
tian Associations of North America — Alfred E.
Marling, chairman: William Sloane, William D.
Murray. James M. Speers, Abner Kingman,
vice-chairmen ; B. H. Fancher, treasurer ; John
R. Mott, general secretary ; general offices, 347
Madison avenue, New York, N. Y. The annual
report made in 1918 for the regular work of
local organizations shows: Associations, 2,193;
members, 673,790 ; value of real property, $96,-
087,900; total net property and funds. $107,707,-
200 ; number of employed officers, 4,963 ; students
in educational classes, 81,899 ; 735 gymnasiums ;
wuia, uu.y iiiyiij uci&uiij, UMVIRI*
In addition there are (Nov. 1) over 200,000 stars
in the Y. M. C. A. service flag. The association
renders, large and increasing service in connection
with the great war. In America there are now
4,559 secretaries' serving soldiers and sailors in
many hundreds of camps and naval stations.
Overseas 7,000 men from America have been sent
for Y. M. C. A. service with special reference
to the American expeditionary forces in France,
but also at the earnest request of the govern-
ments of France, Italy, Russia and other coun-
tries for their own armies. This service — to take
the sick out of homesick and helpfully strengthen
the morale of the United States army and also of
the allies and the prisoners of war — now costs the
American association over $7,000,000 a month, and.
of necessity must increase to meet demands until
the war is won.
YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN UNION OF
THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
President — Rev. Eleanor Bisbee, 359 Boylston
street, Boston, Mass.
Secretary-Treasurer— Carl F. Eisner, 359 Boyl-
ston street, Boston, Mass.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.
Organized Feb. 12, 1903.
President— Samuel A. Eliot, LL.D., Boston, Mass.
Recording Secretary — Charles M. Stuart, Evans-
ton. 111.
General Secretary— Henry Frederick Cope. Chica-
go. 111.
Treasurer— David R. Forgan. Chicago. 111.
Chairman Executive Board— Hon. Jesse A. Bald-
win, Chicago, 111.
Executive Offices— 1440 East 57th street, Chicago,
111.
The purpose of the association is to promote
the improvement and extension of moral and re-
ligious education through existing agencies in the
churches, schools, etc., by serving as a center, a
clearing house and a bureau of information and
promotion. The association publishes a bimonthly
magazine, maintains a permanent library and ex-
hibit, superintends local guilds, holds general
conventions and local conferences. It enrolls in
its membership any persons interested in moral
and religious education regardless of sectarian or
theological lines.
AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION.
Headquarters, 1816 Chestnut-st.,' Philadelphia, Pa.
President— Martin L. Finckel.
Recording Secretary— William H. Hirst.
Treasurer — John E. Stevenson.
Secretary of Missions — Rev. George P. Williams.
D. D.
Secretary of Publications— James McConaughy.
Litt. D.
UNITED SO'CIETY OF CHRISTIAN EN-
DEAVOR.
President— Rev. Francis E. Clark. D. D.. LL. D.
General Secretary— Dr. William Shaw, Christian
Endeavor headquarters, Boston, Mass.
Editorial Secretary— Prof. Amos R. Wells.
Treasurer and Publication Manager — A. R.
Shartle.
Manager Western Office— Walter R. Mee, 405, 19
South LaSalle street, Chicago.
THE SALVATION ARMY.
Founded in London, July, 1865 ; organized in the
United States in New York, N. Y.. in March. 1880.
Commander in Chief — Gen. Bramwell Booth.
International Headquarters— London, England.
American National Headquarters— 120 West 14th
street. New York. N. Y.
Commander of United States Forces— Evangeline
O. Booth.
Western Territorial Headquarters— 108. }14 North
Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.
Western Territorial Commissioner— Thomas Esttll.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919,
191
Posts in World— 9.635.
Social Institutions— 1.219.
Officers and Cadets— 17.288.
THE VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA.
Organized March 6, 1896 ; incorporated Nov. 6, 1896.
Commanders— Gens. Ballington and Maud B.
Booth.
National Headquarters — 24 West 28th street. New
York, N. Y.
Northwestern Headquarters — 1201-1213 Washington
boulevard. Chicago, 111.
Territorial Commander — Ma j. -Gen. Edward Field-
ins.
National Secretary— J. W. Merrill, New York,
N. Y.
National Treasurer— W. J. Crafts, New York,
N. Y.
NATIONAL SPIRITUALISTS' ASSOCIATION.
President— Dr. George B. Warne, Chicago. 111.
Vice-President—Joseph P. Whitwell, St. Paul,
Minn.
Secretary — George W. Kates,' 600 Pennsylvania
avenue, S. E., Washington, D. C.
Treasurer— Cassius L. Stevens, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Trustees — I. C. I. Evans, Washington, D. C. :
Mrs. Eliza Harlow Goetz, Baltimore, Md. ;
Frank A. Barwise, Bangor, Me. ; Alonzo M.
Griffen, Chicago. 111. ; D. A. Herrick, San
Diego, Cal.
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY.
Organized 1825.
President— William Phillips Hall.
General Secretary— Judson Swift. D. D.
Treasurer — Louis Tag.
Offices— Park avenue and 40th street, New York,
N. Y.
THE FAMILY ALTAR LEAGUE.
The Family Altar league is a worldwide com-
pany of people who have made a covenant to
maintain a family altar in their home. Cove-
nant cards are furnished free on request, and to
all who enroll by signing the covenant a wall-
card certificate of membership is sent without
cost. In 1918 320,000 cards had been sent out.
It is estimated that more than 70.000 new family
altars have been established and 250,000 lives
are being touched and influenced every day in
the home because of the league. The headquar-
ters are at 402 Marquette building, Chicago, 111.
The officers are: The Rev. W. E. Biederwolf,
D. D.. president; the Rev. J. W. Nicely, D. D.,
recording secretary; E. O. Excel!, treasurer; the
Rev. B. Howard Taylor, general secretary.
TNTERNATIONAL ORDER OF THE KING'S
DAUGHTERS AND SONS.
Headquarters — 280 Madison avenue, New York,
N. Y.
Honorary President— Miss Kate Bond, New York,
N. Y.
President— Mrs. Robert J. Beed, 100 12th street,
Wheeling, W. Va.
First Vice-Presideut— Miss Annie M. Brown. To-
ronto, Ont.
Second Vice-President—Miss Jenule C Benedict.
Louisville, Ky.
Third Vice-President—Miss Susan R. Broken-
shire. Waltham, Mass.
General Secretary— Miss Clara Morehouse, 280
Madison avenue. New York, X. Y.
Recording Secretary— Mrs. Fred Derby, Narberth,
Pa.
Treasurer— Mrs. K. M. Farnsworth, 280 Madison
avenue. New York. N. Y.
Editor — Mrs. R. L. McLaurin, Vicksburg, Miss.
f AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY.
Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y.
President — James Wood.
Corresponding Secretary— Eev. William I. Haven,
D. D.
Recording Secretary — Rev. L. B. Chamberlain.
Treasurer — William Foulke, Bible House, New
York, N. Y.
Agency Secretaries in the United States — Rev.
S. H. Kirkbride, D. D., McCormick building,
332 South Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111. ; Rev.
J. P. Wragg, D. D., 35 Gammon' avenue, At-
lanta, Ga. ; Rev. M. B. Porter. 313A East
Grace street, Richmond. Va. ; Bev. Arthur F.
Ragatz, D. D., Y. M. C. A. building, Lincoln
and 16th streets, Denver, Col. ; Bev. A. Wes-
ley Moll, 122 McAllister street, San Francisco,
Cal. ; Bev. J. J. Morgan, 1304 Commerce street,
Dallas, Tex.; Bev. F. P. Parkin, D. D., 701
Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Rev. Frank
Marston, 424 Elm street, Cincinnati, O. ; Rev.
H. J. Scudder, 137 Montague street, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD.
[From Whitaker's Almanack.]
Boman Catholics 272,860,000
Eastern churches 120,000.000
Protestant churches 171,650,000
Total Christians 564.510,000
Jews 12.205,000
Mohammedans >... 221,825,000
Buddhists 138.031,000
Hindus 210.540.000
Confucianists and Taoists 300,830,000
Shintoists 25,000,000
Animists 158,270,000
Unclassified 15,280,000
Total non-Christian 1,081,981,000
Grand total 1,646.491.000
CHURCHES AND MEMBERSHIP IN 1916 AND 1906.
From report of the government census bureau, 1918.
Denominations.
All denominations
Organi-
zations.
228 007
Members.
42 044 374
Min- "*
isters.
191 722
Organi-
zations.
212 230
Members.
31 936 445
Min- *
isters.
164 830
Adventist bodies
2 694
118 225
1 463
2 551
92 735
1 152
Advent Christian
534
30 975
770
550
26 799
528
Seventh-Day Adventist
2 038
82 287
582
1 889
62 211
488
Church of God (Adventist)
22
848
46
10
354
20
Life and Advent Union
13
658
15
12
509
40
Churches of God in Christ
87
3 457
50
62
2 124
56
American Rescue Workers
29
611
30
20
436
59
Armenian Church
34
27 450
17
73
19 889
12
Assemblies of God, General Council*
118
6 716
600
Bahaisf
57
2 884
24
1.280
58 780
7 236 650
48 992
54 880
5 662 234
43.790
Northern Convention
8,178
1,227,448
8,631
8,272
1,052,105
7,360
23 692
2 711 591
15 946
21 104
2 009 471
13.316
National Convention (Colored) . .
Genera 1 Six Principle
21,754
10
3.018,341
456
19,423
9
18.534
16
2.261.607
685'
17.117
8
Seventh-Day
68
7,980
75
77
8.381
90
Free
171
12,257
178
1,346
81,359
1,160
Free Will
750
64,812
873
608
40.280
600
Free Will (Colored) . . ,
172
14,183
294
251
14.489
136
192
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919,
1916
i onfi
(
Denominations. 2
Free Will (Bullockites)
)rgani-
;ations.
12
Members.
184
Min- "" (
isters. \
3
)rgani-
sations.
15
Members.
298
Min- "
isters.
4
General
518
33 427
589
518
30 097
525
46
3 902
47
76
5 180
100
Regular*
383
20 046
494
United -.
255
22 266
393
196
13 698
260
Duck River, etc
117
6 872
110
93
6 416
99
Primitive
2 282
87 359
1 292
2 922
102 311
1 500
Colored Primitive
317
14 847
600
797
35 076
1,480
Two-Seed-in the-Spirit
55
679
35
55
781
35
Brethren (German Baptist Dunkers)
Church of the Brethren (Cons.) . . .
Old Order German Baptist
1.291
1,004
67
134,373
105,649
3,399
3.636
3,054
215
1,097
822
68
97,144
76,547
3,388
2,255
1.784
195
Brethren Church (Progressive) . . .
German Seventh-Day Baptists
Church of God (New Dunkers) *
202
5
13
24,260
136
929
351
7
9
202
5
17,042
167
269
7
Brethren (Plymouth)
458
13.244
403
10,566
Brethren, Plymouth I
161
3,896
134
2,933
Brethren, Plymouth II
118
5,455
128
4,752
Brethren, Plymouth III
17
476
81
1,724
Brethren. Plymouth IV
7°
1,389
60
1,157
Brethren, Plymouth V *
80
1,820
Brethren. Plymouth VI*
10
208
Brethren (River)
112
5,389
248
111
4,569
216
Brethren in Christ
72
3,805
203
74
3,397
170
Old Order or Yorker
9
432
25
9
423
24
United Zion's Children
31
1,152
20
28
749
22
Buddhists
12
5,639
34
74
3,165
15
Chinese Templest
62 .
Japanese Temples
1°
5,639
34
12
3,165
14
Catholic Apostolic Churches
33
6.596
33
24
4,927
33
Catholic Apostolic
13
2 768
13
11
2.907
14
New Apostolic
20
3.828
20
13
2,020
19
Christadelphians
145
2 922
70
1,412
Christian and Missionary Alliance*
168
10 104
114 .
Christian Union ..
220
13 692
211
217
13,905
295
Christian Church (Amer. Conv.)
Church of Christ. Scientist t...
1,274
117,853
1,213
1,379
638
110,117
85,717
1.011
1,276
Church of God and Saints of Christ
Church of Messianic Message*...
95
5
3.311
266
101
4 .
48
1.823
75
Churches of Christ
5 598
319 211
2 507
2,649
159.658
2.100
Churches of God, Gen. Assembly*
198
7 721
477 ,
Churches of God. Gen. Eldership...'
Churches of the Living' God (Col.).
Church of the Living God* .
443
192
28
28,376
11,607
1 743
427
344
30 ,
518
68
24,356
4.276
482
101
Church of the L. G. (C. W. F. F ) .
Church of the L. G. (Assembly) ...
Churches of the New Jerusalem
General Convention
154
10
123
108
9,598
266
7,085
6.352
300
14
122
87
44
15
133
119
2,676
752
7.247
6.612
51
30
130
108
General Church
15
733
35
14
635
23
Communistic Societies
19
1,901 ,
22
2.272 .
Amana Society
7
1,534
7
1,756
Shakers
12
367
15
516
Congregational Churches
5 844
790.163
6,040
5,713
700,480
5.802
Disciples of Christ
8.255
1.231,404
5,938
8.293
982,701
6.641
Eastern Orthodox Churches
302
250.340
356
411
129,606
108
Albanian Church*
2
410
3 ,
Bulgarian Church*
4
1.992
3 .
Greek Church (Hellenic)
88
120.371
125
334
90.751
35
Roumanian Church*
2
1.994
2 .
Russian Church
169
99.681
164
59
i9.iii
55
Serbian Church
12
14.301
29
10
15.742
9
Syrian Church
25
11,591
30
8
4,002
9
Evangelical Association
1.637
120.756
1.051
1.760
104.898
942
Evangelical Protestant Church
37
17.962
34
• 66
34.704
59
Evangelistic Associations
207
13,933
444
182
10.842
356
Apostolic Church*
2
112
6 .
Apostolic Christian Church
54
4.766
50
42
4.558 ,
Apostolic Faith Movement
24
S.196
26
6
538
19
Christian Congregation
7
645
32
9
395
56
Church of Daniel's Band
6
393
14
4
92
15
Ch. of God as Organized by Christ*
17
227
16 .
Church Transcendent*
3
91
2 .
Hephzibah Faith Missionary Assn.
Lumber River Mission •
12
6
352
434
38
10
5
293
265
36
5
Metropolitan Church Association. .
Missionary Church Association
7
25
9
704
1,554
257
122
25
33
6
32
11
466
1.256
703
29
35
30
Pentecost Bands of the World
Pillar of Fire (Pentecost Union) ..
Voluntary Missionary Soc. (Col.) .
Free Christian Zion Church (Col.)..
Friends
10
4
35
1.008
218
1.129
855
6.225
114.714
40
26
11
29
1.282
16
3
3
15
1,147
487
230
425
1,835
113,772
50
35
11
20
1,479
Friends (Orthodox)
790
94.111
1.232
873
91 161
1 325
Friends (Hlcksite)
166
17.170
218
18 560
97
Friends ( Wilburite)
50
3,373
50
48
3.880
47
Friends (Primitive) ..
2
60 ,
8
171
10
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919,
193
1916
Organi-
Min- ^
Organi-
Min- "*
Denominations.
zations.
Members.
isters.
zations.
Members.
German Evangelical Synod
1,349
342,788
1.078
1,205
293,137
973
Holiness Church*
32
908
28
Independent Churches
559
53,433
54
1.079
73,673
International Apost. Holiness Church
170
5,276
259
74
2,774
178
Jacobite Church. Assyrian*.
15
748
1
Jewish Congregations
1.897
359.998
719
1,769
101,457
1 084
Latter-Day Saints
1,531
462,332
5,990
1,184
256,647
1,774
Church of Jesus Christ
966
403.391
4,790
683
215,796
824
Reorganized Ch. of Jesus Christ...
565.
58.941
1,200
501
40,851
950
Lithuanian National Catholic Ch.*..
7
7.343
3
Lutheran bodies
13.916
2.463.265
9,232
12,703
2,112.494
7,841
General Synod
1.845
370,616
1.514
1,734
270,221
1 311
United Synod. South
492
56,656
259
449
47,747
226
General Council
2,389
535.108
1,664
2.146
462.177
1.393
Synodical Conference
3.617
777,438
2.918
3,301
648,529
2,385
Norwegian Lutheran Church
2,743
320.129
1,166
2.376
326,007
934
Hauge's Synod
363
29,893
121
272
33,268
122
Synod for Norwegian Church
981
112.773
447
927
107,712
359
United Norwegian Church
1,399
177,463
598
1,177
185,027
453
Joint Synod of Ohio
827
165, 116
567
772
123,408
547
Synod of Buffalo
42
6.128
38
33
5,270
27
Eielsen's Synod ,
20
1.206
6
26
1,013
6
Synod of Iowa
965
130.793
586
828
110,254
483
Danish Lutheran Church
102
14.562
71
92
12,541
58
Icelandic Synod
14
1.830
5
14
2.101
10
Itnmanuel Synod
15
2.978
23
11
3,275
17
Finnish, Suomi. Synod
135
18.881
32
105
12,907
24
Luth. Free Church (Norwegian)..
378
::s.i80
169
320
26,928
140
United Danish Lutheran Church...
194
17,324
142
198
16,340
99
Finnish Lutheran National Church
64
7,933
21
66
10,111
16
Finnish Apostolic Luth. Church.. .
45
6,664
36
68
8.170
78
Lutheran Brethren
23
• 892
9
16
482
7
Jehovah Conference
6
831
6
9
735
9
Mennonite bodies
840
79.591
1.398
604
54.798
1,006
Mennonite Church
307
34,965
509
220
18.674
346
Hutterian Brethren*
17
982
32
Conservative Amish
14
1,066
30
Old Order Amish
90
7,893
253
46
5,043
141
Church of God in Christ
21
1,125
17
18
562
17
Old Order Mennonite (Wisler)
&t*
1.608
32
9
655
18
Reformed Mennonite
25
1,281
26
34
2,079
34
General Conference of Mennonites.
117
15,407
194
90
11,661
143
Defenseless Mennonites
11
854
24
14
967
26
Mennonite Brethren in Christ
110
4,737
95
68
2,801
70
53
5.127
81
Krimmer Brueder-Gemeinde
13
894
34
6
708
17
Kleine Gemeinde*
3
171
7
Central Conference of Mennonites.
17
2.101
33
13
1,363
18
Conf. of Defenseless Mennonites...
15
1.171
22
8
545
17
Stauffer Mennonites*
5
209
9 .
Methodist bodies
65.537
29,377
7.165.986
3.718.396
45.801
18,642
64.701
29.943
5,749,838
2,986.154
39.737
17,479
Methodist Protestant
2,464
186.873
1,340
2,843
178.544
1,852
Wesleyan Methodist .
585
20.846
436
594
20.043
553
Primitive Methodist
94
9,442
74
96
7.558 '
80
Methodist Episcopal. South
19,122
2,108,061
7,498
17.831
1,638,480
5,811
Congregational Methodist
197
12,503
250
325
14,729
324
Free Methodist
1,605
35.287
1.397
1,553
32,838
1.270
New Congregational Methodist
24
1.256
27
35
1.782
59
African Methodist Episcopal
6,454
552,265
8,175
6,647
494,777
6.200
African Meth. Episcopal, Zion
2.738
258.433
3,962
2.204
184,542
3.082
Colored Methodist Protestant *
28
2.017
33 .
Union American Meth. Episcopal..
67
3.624
205
77
4,347
64
African Union Meth. Protestant...
59
3.751
260
69
5,592
187
Colored Methodist Episcopal
2.621
245,749
3,402
2,381
172.996
2,671
Reformed Zion Union Apostolic. . .
47
3.977
40
45
3.059
33
African American Meth. Episcopal*
28
1,310
35 .
Reformed Meth. Union Episcopal..
27
2,196
25
58
4.397
72
Moravian bodies
136
28,407
185
132
17.926
128
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
110
26,373
138
117
17.155
125
Bohemian and Moravian Brethren.
23
1.714
44
15
771
3
Independent Bohem. and Morav*..
3
320
3 .
Nonsectarian Churches of Bible Faith
58
2,273
26
204
6.396
50
Old Catholic Churches in America*..
21
14.200
31 ,
Old Roman Catholic Church*
12
4.700
12 .
Catholic Church of N. A.*
6
9,025
12 .
Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene.
879
32.475
897
100
6,657
170
Pentecostal Holiness Church*
195
5.473
278 .
Polish National Church
34
28.245
45
24
15.473
24
Presbyterian bodies
15.812
2.257.4391
13,602
15.506
1,830,555
12.456
Presbyterian in the U. S. A
9.648
1.613.056
9.299
7,935
1.179.566
7.603
Cumberland Presbyterian
1.269
72.056
728
2.850
195.770
1.514
Colored Cumberland Presbyterian . .
140
13.314
430
196
18.066
375
Welsh Calvinistic Methodist
134
14.536
67
147
13,280
87
United Presbyterian
991
160.726
995
968
130.342
994
194
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
1016
1006
c
Denominations. z
Presbyterian in the United States.
Associate Synod of North America
Associate Reformed Presbyterian..
Reformed Presbyterian Synod
Reformed Presbyterian. Gen. Synod
Protestant Episcopal Church
•rgrani-
ations.
3.368
12
133
103
14
7.425
2.711
708
1,731
226
46
75
17,621
751
459
325
102
32
6
19
5
359
348
11
2
176
17
157
1
414
3,881
3.478
403
954
638
3
97
istics ni
Members.
357,566
490
15,124
8.185
2,386
1,098,173
533,356
144,166
340,671
38,668
9,851
11,050
15.742,262
35,975
37,748
29.096
6.208
2.444
1,127
950
2,850
28,983
23.152
5.831
260
5.368
199
72
5.097
Min- (
isters. i
1.820
7
106
135
15
5,544
2.212
756
1,242
185
29
88
20.287
2,848
495
331
96
68
4
10
5
520
500
20
2
2
1
1
Drgani-
sations.
3.104
22
141
114
27
6,845
2,585
659
1,736
174
16
81
12.482
694
408
281
127
Members.
266,345
786
13,201
9.122
3,620
886,942
449,514
124,938
292,654
26,669
5,263
9,682
12,079.142
22,908
27,712
20.760
6,952
Min- ^
isters.
1.606
13
111
128
26
5,368
2.039
710
1.180
131
18
84
15,177
3,030
. 495
347
148
Reformed bodies
Reformed in America
Reformed in the United States
Christian Reformed
Hungarian Reformed
Reformed Episcopal Church
Roman Catholic Church
Salvation Army
Scandinavian Evangelical Bodies
Swedish Mission Covenant
Swedish Free Church
Norwegian-Danish Free Church*...
Schwenkf elders
8
17
5
455
455
725
1,262
2.040
35,056
35.056
5
15
Social Brethren
Society for Ethical Culture
185
185
Spiritualists (National Assn.)
Progressive Spiritualist Church*...
Temple Society in the United States.
3
85
14
1
69
1
461
4.304
3,732
572
978
846
4
71
376
2.336
166
90
2,080
3
Theosophical Society
Theosophical Society, New York. . .
Theosophical Soc., Amer. Section. .
Universal Brotherhoodt
Unitarians
82,315
367,620
348,490
19,130
90,007
58,433
190
10.204
3t available.
531
2,319
1.912
407
610
561
3
307
70,542
296,050
274,649
21,401
69.882
64.158
340
2,194
541
2,435
1,935
600
553
724
United Brethren bodies
United Brethren in Christ
United Brethren (Old Constitution)
United Evangelical Church
Universalists
Vedanta Society t
Volunteers of America
302
•Not in 1906 census. tFull stat:
STATISTICS OF CHURCHES OF THE UNITED STATES (1917).
[Compiled by Dr. H. K. Carroll for The Christian Herald.]
Denominations. Ch
Adventists — 1. Evangelical. .
urches.
•18
640
2.076
22
•12
66
Com-
municants.
•481
30.316
83,239
800
•509
2,224
Denominations. Cl
Brethren (River) —
lurches.
68
•9
•28
Com-
municants.
3.731
•423
•749
3. Seventh Day
2. Old Order (Yorker)
3. United Zion's Children.
4. Church of God
5. Life and Advent Union
6. Churches of God in
Christ Jesus
Total River Brethren . .
Buddhists —
105
•12
•12
4,903
Total Adventists
Baptists^!. Baptist (North)
2. Baptist (South)
2.834
9,702
23.376
18,600
13
67
280
834
545
•76
•196
•93
•2.922
•797
•55
•48
117,569
1,368.046
2.592.558
2,200,000
731
8.162
16.380
57.231
34.000
•5.180
•13,698
•6.416
•102,311
•35,076
•781
•1.823
2. Japanese Temples
•3.165
Total Buddhists
•11
•13
3,165
•2,907
•2,020
3. Baptist (National)
4. Six Principle
Catholic Apostolic —
1. Catholic Apostolic
2. New Apostolic. . . . :
5. Seventh Day
6. Free
8. General
Total Catholic Apostolic
Catholics (Eastern Orthodos
1. Armenian Apostolic
2. Russian Orthodox
3. Greek Orthodox
24
}~ 55
260
70
32
44
•5
4
4,927
65,000
100,000
175,000
50,000
76.000
•20.000
4.500
9. Separate . .
10. United
11. Baptist Church of Christ
12. Primitive
13. Primitive (Colored)
14. Old T wo - Seed -in- the -
Spirit Predestinarian .
15. Church of God and
4. Syrian Orthodox
5 Serbian Orthodox
6. Roumanian Orthodox...
7. Bulgarian Orthodox....
Total Eastern Catholics
Catholics (Western) —
1. Roman Catholic
470
15.670
45
42
490.500
14,618,197
20,145
25.000
Total Baptists
57.604
. 992
70
206
3
6.442,393
100,000
3.500
24.679
184
Brethren (Dunkards) —
2. Polish Catholic
2. Old Order
3. American Old Catholic.
4. Seventh Day (German)
Total Western Catholics
15.757
70
1,360
•17
330
1.569
514
Colored
•44
•15
14,663,342
1,500
106,159
•5.865
16,825
Tot. Dunkard Brethren.
Brethren (Plymouth) —
1. Brethren I
1.271
•134
•128
•81
•60
128.363
•2,933
•4.752
•1.724
•1.157
Christian Catholic (Dowie) ,
Christian Union
2 Brethren II
Church of Christ, Scientist.
Churches of God'.
3. Brethren III
28.576
•2.676
•752
4. Brethren IV
Churches of the Living- God (
1. Christian Workers
2. Apostolic ..
Tot. Plymouth Brethren
403
10,566
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
195
Denominations. Churches.
3. Church of Christ in God *9
Com-
municants.
•858
Denominations. C
5. Amish (Conservative) .
Com-
hurches. municants.
23 2.619-
15 1.189
130 17.037
9 300-
21 1,421
27 2.425
14 824
140 5.516
48 4.646
Tot. Ch. of Living God. 68
Churches of New Jerusalem —
1. General Convention 124
2. General Church . .' 23
4.286
8,500
1.272
7. General Conference...
8. Church of God
9. Old Order (Wisler)
10. Bundes Conference
Total New Jerusalem... 146
Church Transcendent 3
9,772
.148
233
•1.756
12. Mennonite Brethren
Miscellaneous
Communistic Societies —
1. Shakers , 6
Total Mennonites
828
28.410
225
6,000
125
3,180
2,400
2.600
17.015
333
•35
•45
3.285
294
1,175
230
2
66.543
3.886.586
20,000
620,000
4,000
568,608
201.11O
20.500
2.143,395
15,520
•1,782
•3.059-
251.56O
28,600
34,956
21.172
1.161
2 Amana *7
Methodists —
1. Methodist Episcopal
2. Union American M. E.
3. African M. E.. .
Total Communistic Soc. 13
Congregationalists 6.089
1,989
807.993
1.236.808
•159.658
Disciples of Christ —
1. Disciples of Christ 8.961
2. Churches of Christ *2,649
4. African Union M. Prot.
5. African M. E. Zion
6. Methodist Protestant...
7. Wesleyan Methodist
8. Methodist Epis. South.
9. Cong. Methodist
Total Disciples 11,610
1.396,466
119,855
89,638
Evangelical bodies —
1. Evangelical Association 1.597
2. United Evangelical Ch.. 947
10. New Cong'l Methodist.
11. Zion Union Apostolic. .
12. Colored Meth. Epis
13. Primitive Methodist....
14. Free Methodist
Total Evang. bodies... 2,544
Faith Associations —
1. Apost. Faith Movement *6
2. Peniel Missions •!!
209,483
•538
•703
•466
•293
•1,256
•938
•4,558
•395
•425
15. Ref. Meth. Union Epis.
16. Independent Methodist.
4. Hephzibah Faith Assn. *10
5. Missionary Ch. Assn.. .
6. Heavenly Recruit *27
Total Methodists
63.954
125
21
7.782,018
21.535
1.000-
Moravians — 1. Moravians...
2. Union Bohem. & Morav.
7. Apostolic Christian »42
8. Christian Congregation. *9
9. Voluntary Soc. (Col.) . »3
'Total Moravians
146
204
941
72
22.535
6,396
33,419-
2.700-
Nonsectar'n Bible Faith Chs.
Pentecostal bodies —
1. Pentecostal Church
2. Apostolic Holiness
Total Faith Association 146
Free Christian Zion *15
9.573
•1,835
97.514
17,698
•3,880
•171
Friends— 1. Orthodox 748
2. "Hicksite" 159
3. "Wilburite" *48
Tot. Pentecostal bodies.
Presbyterians —
1.013
9.831
1,446
196
142
982
3.475
12
157
112
18
1
36.119-
1,581,443
65,644
18,066
14,668
158.460
359,335
500
15,888
8.21O
3,625
40-
4. Primitive * 8
Total Friends 963
119,263
•376
•34,704
279,964
143,000
345,000
75.000
2. Cumberland
Friends of Temple *3
3. Cumberland (Colored) .
German Evang. Protestant. *66
German Evangelical Synod. 1.419
5. United
6. Southern
Latter-Day Saints —
1. Utah Branch 913
8. Associate Ref., South..
9. Reformed (Synod) . .
10. Reformed (Gen. Synod)
11. Reformed Covenanted..
2. Reorganized Branch 835
Tot. Latter-Day Saints . 1,748
Lutherans —
1. General Synod 1.857
420.000
364.072
53,226
507.966
807,017
300.000
138.542
7,395
1.232
125.458
14,463
4,598
19,000
16.511
23,000
8,000
20,536
14,996
2,000
33,925
Total Presbyterians....
Protestant Episcopal —
1. Protestant Episcopal...
2. Reformed Episcopal
16,372
8.120
80
2,225,879-
1,071.901
11,465
2. United Synod South 484
3. General Council 2.457
4. Synodical Conference... 3.689
5. Norwegian of America . 3,378
(Independent Synods)
6. Ohio 916
Total Protestant Epis..
Reformed —
1. Reformed (Dutch)
2. Reformed (German)...
3. Christian Reformed
4. Hungarian Reformed. . .
8,200
731
1.786
243
48
1.083.366
132.172
327.508
isiooo
7. Buffalo 49
8. Eielsen's 26
9. Iowa 1.056
10. Danish 112
Total Reformed
2.808
6
970
6
17
6
1.500
187
472
3.551
515
514,061
3,250-
29,096
1,126
2 .'450
200.00O
7.002
7i.no
346.787
21,172
13. Suomi (Finnish) 151
Reformed Catholic
14. Finnish Apostolic 309
15. Finnish National 72
Salvation Army
Schwenkf elders
16. Norwegian Free 420
Social Brethren
17. Danish United 185
Society for Ethical Culture
Spiritualists
18. Lutheran Brethren 18
Independ't Congregat'ns 257
Theosophical Society
Total Lutherans 15517
2,460,937
40,000
18,500
4,400
United Brethren—
1. United Brethren
Scandinavian Evangelical bodies —
1. Swedish Ev. Miss. Cov. 279
2. Swedish Ev. Free Miss. 154
3. Norwegian Evang. Free 153
2. Unit. Breth. (Old Cons.)
Total United Brethren.
4,066
868
879
367,959
58.942
48,673
Total Scand. Evang 586
Mennonites — 1. Mennonite\. 257
2. Bruderhoef 20
62.900
14.148
1,03"3
5i496
Independent Congregations .
Grand total in 1917. ..226.609
Grand total in 1916. . .225,603
•Census of 1906.
40,515,126
39,941.811
3. Amish 64
4. Amish (Old Order) 60
196
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
MINISTERS (1917).
Denomination. Number.
Adventists 1,521
Baptists 42.259
Brethren (Dunkards) 3,687
Brethren (River) 224
Buddhists 15
Catholic Apostolic 33
Catholics (Eastern) 396
Catholics (Roman) 20,433
Catholics (other) 93
Christians 1,066
Christian Catholic (Dowie) 35
Christian Union 365
Church ol Christ (Scientist) 3,138
Churches of God 441
Churches Living: God. ; 101
Churches New Jerusalem. . . '. 131
Congregationalists 5,660
Disciples ol Christ 8.057
Evangelical Bodies 1.576
Faith Associations 241
Free Christian Zion 20
Friends 1.379
Friends ol Temple
German Evangelical Protestant
German Evangelical Synod 1,096
Jewish Congregations 1,084
Latter-Day Saints 4,460
Lutherans 9,823
Scandinavian Evangelical 661
Mennonites 1,521
Methodists 42,176
Moravians 146
Nonsectarian Bible Faith Churches 50
Pentecostal Bodies 1,011
Presbyterians 14,124
Protestant Episcopal 5,704
Relormed 2.224
Relormed Catholic
Salvation Army 3,072
Schwenkf elders 6
Social Brethren 15
Society Ethical Culture
Unitarians 504
United Brethren 2,220
Universalists 675
Independent 267
Total in 1917 181,808
Total in 1916 180,564
TOTAL BY YEARS.
Year. Communicants.
1917 40,515,315
1916 39,941.811
1915 39.184.944
1914 38,641,982
1913 37,859,975
1912... ........36.624.462
Increase.
573,315
756,867
542.962
782,007
1,235,513
528.777
Average annual gain in this period. 736,542.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED
STATES. 1916.
[From report of government census bureau,
1918.]
Schools. Scholars.
All denominations 195,276 19,951.675
Adventists < 5 bodies) 2.396 99,225
Baptists— North 8,291 1.024.125
Seuth 18,438 1.656,324
Colored 20,333 1.204,328
Other (14 bodies) 1,196 70.445
Brethren (Dunkards) —
Ch. ol Brethren (Conser.) 1,288 112.287
Other (4 bodies) 209 24,789
Christian Church 1,075 89,853
Church ol Christ 3,456 168.154
Congregationalists 5,680 654,102
Disciples ol Christ 7,752 953,618
Eastern Orthodox-
Greek Church 18 1123
Russian Church 128 6,783
Other (5 bodies) 1,291
Evangelical Association 1,573 172,129
Schools.
723
115
1.243
700
Friends — Orthodox . .
Other (3 bodies)
German Evangelical Synod.
Jewish Congregations
Latter-Day Saints —
Church of Jesus Christ. .. 1,064
Reorganized Church 558
Lutherans — General Synod.. 1,806
General Council 2,383
Synodical Conference 1,583
Synod lor Norwegian 465
United Norwegian 897
Synod ol Ohio 717
Synod of Iowa 808
Other (14 bodies) 1.621
Mennonites (16 bodies) 665
Methodists —
Methodist Episcopal 28,542
Methodist Episcopal, South 16,568
Methodist Protestant 2,104
Other white (5 bodies)... 1,973
African Meth. Episcopal . . 6,373
African Meth. Epis. Zion. 2,565
Colored Meth. Episcopal.. 2.543
Other Colored (6 bodies). 203
Scholars.
65,554
6.540
146.081
67.035
152.924
28.222
311,291
306.785
10,098
24,313
44,645
66.867
38,120
95.698
79.621
3,872.200
1,683,129
177,674
111,824
312.922
135.930
167,880
9.119
Presbyterians-
Presbyterian in U. S. A... 9.713 1,387,938
Presbyterian in U. S 3,258 312.952
United Presbyterian 1.019 156.072
Other (7 bodies) 1.463 96,683
Protestant Episcopal 5,808 493.080
Reformed-
Reformed in America 790 122.111
Relormed in U. S 1,712 302.200
Other (2 bodies) 248 26.757
Roman Catholic 12.761 1.853.245
United Brethren-
United Brethren in Christ 3,294 402.656
Unit. Brethren (OldConst.) 381 • 24.219
United Evangelical 943 129,717
All other (81 bodies) 5.812 390,997
Total number of officers and teachers,
1,959.918.
CONSTITUENT BODIES OF THE
COUNCIL (1918).
Denominations. Churches.
Baptist Churches, North 8,178
National Baptist Convention 21,754
Free Baptist Churches 171
Christian Church 1,274
Congregational Churches... 5.844
Disciples ol Christ.. 8,255
Friends 790
German Evangelical Synod. 1,349
Evangelical Association 1,637
Lutheran Ch., Gen. Synod.. 1,845
Methodist Episcopal Church 29,377
Methodist Episcopal, South 19,122
Alrican Meth. Epis. Church 6,454
Air. Meth. Epis. Zion Ch. . . 2,738
Colored Meth. Epis. Church 2,621
Methodist Protestant Church 2,464
Moravian Church 110
Presbyterian Ch. in U. S. A. 9,648
Presbyterian Ch. in U. S.... 3,368
Primitive Methodist Church 94
Protestant Episcopal , . 7,425
Relormed Ch. in America... 708
Relormed Church in U. S.. . 1,731
Relormed Episcopal Church 75
Rel. Presbyte'n. Gen. Synod 14
Seventh-Day Baptist Church 68
United Brethren Church 3.478
United Evangelical Church . 954
United Presbyterian Church 991
Welsh Presbyterian Church. 134
FEDERAL
Members.
1,227,448
3.018,341
12,257
117.853
790,163
1,231.404
94,111
342,788
120.756
370.616
3,718.396
2,108,061
552,265
258,433
245.749
186,873
26.373
1,613,056
357,566
9.442
1,098.173
144.166
340,671
11.050
2,386
7.980
348,490
90.007
160,726
14.536
Totals. 1916 census 142,671 18,620,136
Totals, 1906 census .137.460 14,888,273
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
197
FRATERNAL AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
GRAND LODGES A. F. & A. M.
Names and Addresses of Grand Secretaries,
October, 1918.
Alabama — George A. Beauchamp, Montgomery.
Alberta— S. Y. Taylor, Calgary.
Arizona — George J. Roskruge, Tucson.
Arkansas — Fay Hempstead, Little Rock.
British Columbia— W. A. de W. Smith, West-
minster.
California — .John Whicher, San Francisco.
Canada — Ralph L. Gunn, Hamilton, Ont.
Colorado — Charles H. Jacqbson. Denver.
Connecticut — George A. Kies, Hartford.
Cuba — Carlos G. Charles, Havana.
Delaware — Harry J. Guthrie, Wilmington.
Dist. of Columbia— A. W. Johnston, Wash-
ington.
England — P. Colville Smith, London.
Florida — W. P. Webster, Jacksonville.
Georgia — Frank F. Baker, Macon.
Holland — H. P. Van Nieuwerberg, The Hague.
Idaho;— George E. Knepper, Boise.
Illinois — Isaac Cutter, Camp Point.
Indiana — Calvin W. Prather, Indianapolis.
Iowa — Newton R. Parvin, Cedar Rapids.
Ireland— Lord W. L. Plunket, Dublin.
Kansas — Albert K. Wilson, Topeka.
Kentucky — Dave Jackson, Louisville.
Louisiana — John A. Dayilla, New Orleans.
Maine — Charles B. Davis, Portland.
Manitoba — James A. Ovas, Winnipeg.
Maryland — George Cook, Baltimore.
Massachusetts— Frederick W. Hamilton, Boston.
Michigan — Lou B. Winsor, Grand Rapids.
Minnesota;— John Fishel, St. Paul.
Mississippi — Frederic G. Speed, Vicksburg.
Missouri — John R. Parson, St. Louis.
Montana — Cornelius Hedges, Jr., Helena.
Nebraska — Francis E. White, Omaha.
Nevada — E. £>. Vanderlieth, Carson City.
New Brunswick — J. Twining Hartt, St. John.
New Hampshire — H. M. Cheney, Concord. ..
New Jersey — Isaac Cherry, Trenton.
New Mexico — Alpheus A. Keen, Albuquerque.
New South Wales — Arthur H. Bray, Sydney.
New York — Robt. Judson Kenworthy, New York.
New Zealand — Malcolm Niccol. Auckland.
North Carolina— William W. Willson, Raleigh.
North Dakota — Walter L. Stockwell. Fargo.
Nova Scotia — Thomas Mowbray, Halifax.
Ohio — J. H. Bromwell, Cincinnati.
Oklahoma — Wm. M. Anderson, Oklahoma City.
Oregon — James F. Robinson, Portland.
Pennsylvania — John A. Perry, Philadelphia.
Philippines — N. C. Comfort, Manila.
Porto Rico — Jose G. Torres. San Juan.
Prince Edward Island — W. P. Doull, Charlotte-
town •
Quebec— Walter C. Hagar. Montreal.
Queensland— Charles H. Harley. Brisbane.
Rhode Island — S. Penrose Williams, Providence.
Saskatchewan— W. B. Tate, Regina.
Scotland— David Reid, Edinburgh.
South Australia— C. R. J. Glover, Adelaide.
South Carolina — O. Frank Hart, Columbia.
South Dakota — Charles L. Brockway, Sioux
Falls.
Tasmania — John Hamilton, Hobart.
Tennessee— Steth M. Cain (acting), Nashville.
Texas — W. B. Pearson, Waco.
United Grand Lodge of Victoria — Charles J.
Barrow, Melbourne.
Utah — Freeman A. McCarty. Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Henry H. Ross. Burlington.
Victoria — C. J. Barrow. Melbourne.
Virginia — Charles A. Nesbit, Richmond.
Washing-ton — Horace W. Tyler, Tacoma.
Western Australia — J. D. Stevenson. Perth.
West Virginia — John M. Collins. Charleston.
Wisconsin — William W. Perry. Milwaukee.
Wyoming— J. M. Lowndes, Saratoga.
ROYAL ARCH MASONS.
General Grand Chapter.
Central Grand High Priest— Frederick W.
Craig, DCS Moinei, Iowa.
Deputy General Grand High Priest— William
F. Kuhn, Kansas City, Mo.
General Grand Scribe— Charles N. Rix, Hot
Springs, Ark.
General Grand Treasurer — Gustav A. Eitel,
Baltimore, Md.
General Grand Secretary — Charles A. Conover,
Coldwater, Mich.
Headquarters — Coldwater, Mich.
Number of grand chapters — 47.
ROYAL AND SELECT MASTERS.
General Grand Council, 1918-1921.
General Grand Master — George A. Newell,
Medina, N. Y.
General Grand Deputy Master — Fay Hempstead,
Little Rock, Ark-
General Grand Principal Conductor — Joseph C.
Greenfield, Atlanta, Ga.
General Grand Treasurer — Thomas E. Shears,
Denver, Col.
General Grand Recorder — Henry W. Mordhurst.
Fort Wayne, Ind.
General Grand Captain of Guard — Bert S. Lee.
Springfield, Mo.
General Grand Conductor of Council — O. Frank
Hart, Columbia, S. C.
General Grand Marshal— William H. L. Odell,
Boston, Mass.
General Grand Steward — Warren S. Seipp, Bal-
timore, Md.
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
Grand Officers.
Grand Master— M. E. Sir Lee S. Smith, Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Deputy Grand Master— R. E. Sir Joseph K. Orr.
Atlanta, Ga.
Grand Generalissimo— R. E. Sir Jehiel W.
Chamberlin, St. Paul, Minn.
Grand Captain General — R. E. Sir Leonidas P.
Newby, Knightstown, Ind.
Grand Senior Warden — R. E. Sir William H.
Norris, Manchester, Iowa.
Grand Junior Warden — R. E. Sir George W.
Vallery, Denver, Col.
Grand Prelate— R. E. Sir and Rev. William W.
Youngson, Portland, Ore.
Grand Treasurer — R. E. Sir H. Wales Lines,
Meriden, Conn.
Grand Recorder— R. E. Sir Frank H. Johnson,
201 Masonic Temple, Louisville, Ky.
Grand Standard Bearer— R. E. Sir William L.
Sharp, Chicago, HI.
Grand Sword Bearer — R. E. Sir Frank L.
Nagle, Newtonville, Mass.
Grand Warder— R. E. Sir Perry W. Weidner.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Grand Captain of the Guard— R. E. Sir Isaac
H. Hettinger, Kansas City, Mo.
ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE
MASONS.
Northern Masonic Jurisdiction.
M. P. Sovereign Grand Commander — Barton
Smith, Toledo, O.
Grand Lieutenant -Commander — Leon M. Ab-
bott, Boston, Mass.
Grand Minister of State — Amos Pettibone. Chi-
cago, 111.
Grand Treasurer-General— Leroy A. Goddard,
Chicago, 111.
Grand Secretary-General — James H. Codding,
New York, N. Y.
Southern Masonic Jurisdiction.
The supreme council, 33d degree, of the
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Free-
masonry for the southern jurisdiction of the
United States of America:
Sovereign Grand Commantler — George Fleming
Moore, Washington, D. C.
Lieutenant Grand Commander — Charles E. Ro-
senbanm. Little Rock, Ark.
Grand Prior — < Vacancy.)
Grand Chancellor — Ernest B. Hussey, Seattle,
Wash.
198
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Grand Minister of State — Trevanion W. Hugo.
lJuluth, Minn.
Secretary-General — John H. Cowles. Washing--
ton, D. C.
Treasurer-General — Garnett N. Morgan, Nash-
ville, Tenn.
Grand Almoner — Adolphus L. Fitzgerald, Eu-
reka, Nev.
ANCIENT ARABIC ORDER NOBLES OF THE
MYSTIC SHRINE.
First temple founded Sept. 26, 1872.
Imperial Council, 1918-1919.
Imperial Potentate — Elias J. Jacoby, Indi-
anapolis, Ind.
Imperial Deputy Potentate — W. Freeland Ken-
drick, Philadelphia, Pa.
Imperial Chief Rabban — Ellis Garretson, Ta-
corna, Wash.
Imperial Assistant Rabban — Ernest A. Cutts,
Savannah, Ga.
Imperial High Priest and Prophet — James S.
McCandless, Honolulu, H. I.
Imperial Treasurer — William S. Brown, 523
Wood street, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Imperial Recorder — Benjamin W. Rowell, 200
Masonic Temple, Boston, Mass.
Imperial Oriental Guide— John T. Jones, Okla-
homa City. Okla.
Imperial First Ceremonial Master — Conrad V.
Dykeman. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Imperial Second Ceremonial Master— James E.
Chandler. Kaneas City, Mo.
Imperial Marshal— James C. Burger, Denver. Col.
Imperial Captain of the Guards— David W. Cros-
land. Montgomery, Ala.
Imperial Outer Guard— (Vacancy.)
GENERAL GRAND CHAPTER ORDER OF
THE EASTERN STAR.
Organized Nov. 16, 1876.
Officers for 1916-1919.
Host Worthy Grand Matron — Mrs. Emma C.
Ocobock, Hartford, Mich.
Host Worthy Grand Patron — George M. Hyland,
Portland, Ore.
Bight Worthy Associate Grand Matron — Mrs.
Ellie Lines Chapin, Pine Meadow, Conn.
Right Worthy Associate Grand Patron— Dr. Al-
fred C. McDaniel, San Antonio. Tex.
Rigrht Worthy Grand Secretary— Mrs. Lorraine J.
Pitkin. Chicago. 111.
Right Worthy Grand Treasurer — Mrs. Alcena
Lamond. Lamond, D. C.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD (FELLOWS.
Sovereign Grand Lodge.
Grand Sire — Henry V. Borst. Amsterdam, N. Y.
Deputy Grand Sire — Joseph Oliver, Toronto, Ont.
Grand Secretary — John B. Goodwin, 25 North
Liberty street. Baltimore, Md.
Grand Treasurer — Wm. H. Cox. Maysville, Ky.
Membership Dec. 31, 1917, 2.230,231.
Total paid for relief 1830 to 1917. inclusive.
5179,727,445.88.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
Supreme Lodge.
Supreme Chancellor — Charles S. Davis, Denver,
Col.
Supreme Vice-Chancellor — William Ladew, New
York, N. Y.
Supreme Prelate — Fred S. Attwood, Minneap-
olis, Minn.
Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal— Fred E.
Wheaton, Minneapolis. Minn.
Supreme Master of Exchequer — Thomas D.
Meares, Wilmington, N. C.
Supreme Master at Arms — Fred J. G. Me-
Arthur, Winnipeg-, Man.
Supreme Inner Guard — Douglas S. Wright,
Vioksburg. Miss.
Supreme Outer Guard— H. M. Wadsworth, Phil-
adelphia. Pa.
Maior-General Military Department — William H.
Loomis, Grand Rapids, Mich.
President Insurance Department — Harry Wade.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Number of Lodges—Grand lodges, 55; subordi-
nate lodges, 7,118.
Total membership. 712.547.
Total assets. $21,663,865.71.
ROYAL ARCANUM.
Organized June 23, 1877.
Supreme Council.
Supreme 'Regent — C. Arch Williams, Chicago, 111.
Supreme Vice-Regent — L. R. Geisenberger, Lan-
caster, Pa.
Supreme Orator— Carleton E. Hoadley, New Ha-
ven, Conn.
Supreme Secretary — Samuel N. Hoag. 407 Shaw-
mut avenue, Boston, Mass.
Supreme Treasurer — A. S. Robinson, St. Louis,
Mo.
Head office at 407 Shawmut avenue, Boston,
Mass.
Number of subordinate councils. 1,572; state
jurisdictions, 32.
Membership Oct. 1, 1918. 139,060.
UNITED ORDER OF FORESTERS.
Executive Council.
Supreme Ranger — R. C. Sherrard, suite 660. 17
North LaSalle street, Chicago, 111.
Supreme Vice-Ranger — J. B. McGilligan, 758
West 5th street. Superior. Wis.
Supreme Secretary — George W. Blann, 301
Colby-Abbot building, Milwaukee, Wis.
Supreme Treasurer — William A. Stolts, State
Life building. Indianapolis, Ind.
Supreme Counselor— James Schponmaker, Op-
penheim building-. St. Paul. Minn.
Supreme Physician— Dr. S. T. Richman, 5659
Wentworth avenue, Chicago, HI.
WOODMEN OF THE WORLD.
Organized June 6. 1890.
Sovereign Commander — W. A. Fraser, Omaha,
Neb.
Sovereign Clerk— John T. Yates. W. O. W. build-
ing, Omaha. Neb.
Sovereign Banker— Morris Sheppard, Texarkana.
Tex.
Sovereign Escort — S. A. Ferrell, Johnstown, Pa.
Sovereign Watchman — C. D. Mills. Jacksonville.
Fla.
Sovereign Sentry — S. L. Caine, Columbus,- Miss.
Sovereign Physicians— Dr. A. D. Cloyd and Dr.
Ira W. Porter, Omaha, Neb.
General Attorney — D. E. Bradshaw, Omaha,
Neb.
Headquarters — Omaha, Neb.
Membership of sovereign jurisdiction Oct. 1.
1918. 880,000.
MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA.
Founded in 1883.
Head Officers.
Head Consul— A. R. Talbot, Lincoln, Neb.
Assistant to Head Consul — J. G. Pace. Lincoln
Neb.
Head Clerk— A. N. Bort, Rock Island. 111.
Assistant Head Clerk — J. G. Ray, Rock Island.
Head Adviser — Dan B. Home, Davenport, Iowa
Head Banker— O. E. Aleshire, 175 West Jack-
son boulevard, Chicago, 111.
Head Escort— R. C. Bellew, Westhope, N. D.
Head Sentry — Frank L. Bennett; Hagerstown.
Md.
Head Watchman— Dr. T. B. Hughes, Afton, Tenn
Head Chaplain — Rev. Henry E. Dunnack, Au-
gusta, Me.
Editor— F. O. Van Galder, Rock Island. HI.
Board of Directors — E. E. Murphy, chairman,
Leavenworth, Kas. : R. R. Smith. 1310 Com.
Trust building, Kansas City, Mo.; F. R.
Korns, Des Moines, Iowa; S. S. Tanner
Minier. 111.: J. D. Volz. 810 State Life build-
ing, Indiana pplis, Ind.: E. J. Bullard, 305
Gladwin building, Detroit. Mich.: F. B. East-
terly, 211 Commonwealth building, Denver.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
199
Col. These with the head consul and head
clerk constitute the executive council of nine.
Supreme Medical Directors — Dr. B. E. Jones,
chairman. Rock Island, 111.: Dr. E. A. Ander-
son, Rock Island. 111.; Dr. E. W. Cook, Rock
Island. 111.
Board of Auditors— Henry F. Turner, chairman.
Frankfort. Ky. : George L. Bowman, secretary ,
Kingfisher. Okla.: W. D. Nelson, Pierre. S. D.:
Ambrose S. Havey, 78 North Broadway, Yon-
kers. N. Y. : J. G. Tate. 436 East 44th street.
Portland Ore.: C. F. Louderback, Fort Scott,
Kas.: H. S. Green, Bloomfleld, Mo.
Membership Aug. 1, 1918. not including social,
Death0c?a8ims paid to Aug. 1. 1918, 5193,549,-
Home' Office— Rock Island, HI.
Next head camp convenes June, 1921.
"BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER
OF ELKS.
Grand Exalted Ruler— Bruce A. Campbell. East
St. Louis. 111.
Grand Esteemed Leading Knight— Thomas L.
Reilley. Meriden, Conn.
Grand Esteemed Loyal Knight— Oliver K. Cor-
Grand Esteemed Le'cturing Knight — Ed L. Chap-
man, Great Bend. Kas.
Grand Secretary— Fred C. Robinson, Dubuque.
Grand Treasurer— Chas. A. White. Chicago, 111.
Grand Tiler— Chester B. Horn, Colorado Springs.
Grand Inner Guard— H. W. Brown, Santa Mon-
Membership 1918, 493.733. Lodges 1918,
tt3°8' NATIONAL UNION.
Officers of the Senate.
President— D. A. Helpman, Toledo. O.
Vice-President — Harry S. Anderson, 40o 13th
street. Oakland, Cal.
Secretary— E. A. Myers, P. O. box 933, To-
ledo. O. •
Treasurer — C. G. Bentley, Cleveland, O.
General Counsel— George P. Kirby. Toledo, O.
Medical Director— Dr. Tracy H. Clark, Chicago.
Executive Committee— E. J. Smejkal, D. A.
Helpman, H. S. Anderson, E. A. Myers, C. G.
Bentley, Leo Canman, M. G. Jeffris.
Total membership. 65,000.
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.
Organized Feb. 2. 1882.
Supreme Knight— James A. Flaherty, drawer
96, New Haven, Conn.
Deputy Supreme Knight— Martin H. Carmody.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Supreme Secretary— William J. MeGmley, draw-
er 96, New Haven, Conn.
Supreme Treasurer — D. J. Callahan, postoffice
box 1722, Washington, D. C.
Supreme Physician — E. W. Buckley, M. D..
Lowry building. St. Paul, Minn.
Supreme Advocate-^Joseph C. Pelletier, Barris-
ters' hall. Boston. Mass.
Supreme Chaplain— Rev. P. J. McGivney, Bridge-
port Conn.
Supreme Warden— Thomas J. McLaughlin, New-
ark, N. J.
THE ROYAL LEAGUE.
Incorporated Oct. 26. 1883.
Officers for 1917-1919.
Supreme Archon — W. E. Hyde, Chicago. 111.
Supreme Vice-Archon — Thomas V. Dally, Mil-
waukee, Wis.
Supreme Orator — H. P. Rountree. Chicago, 111.
Supreme Scribe-«-C. E. Piper, 1601 Masonic
Temple. Chicago, 111.
Supreme Treasurer — J. W. Fernald, First Na-
tional bank, Chicago, 111.
Supreme Prelate — Andrew McGarry, Chicago. 111.
Supreme Guide — Harry M. Strawn, Cleveland, O.
Supreme Warder — (Vacancy.)
Supreme Sentry — A. D. Marshall. Denver. Col.
Membership Dec. 31. 1917, 24,422.
ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS.
General Officers.
President-7-Jos. McLaughlin, Philadelphia. Pa.
Vice-President — Patrick F. Cannon. Clinton.
Miss.
Canadian Vice-President — Peter J. Doyle, Mon-
treal, Que.
Secretary — Thomas J. Mathews, 1851 West-
minster street. Providence. R. I.
Treasurer—Michael W. Delaney, 937 West 54th
place, Chicago. 111.
Chaplain— Rt.-Rev. Denis O'Connell, Richmond.
Va. . •
FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES.
Officers of the Grand Aerie. 1918-1919.
Grand Worthy President — A. B. Duncan. St.
Joseph. Mo.
Grand Worthy Vice-President— Elbert D. Weed,
Oshkosh. Wis.
Grand Worthy Chaplain-^John F. O'Toole, Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Grand Secretary — J. S. Parry, Kansas City, Mo.
Grand Treasurer — Jos. H. Dowling, Dayton. O.
Grand Worthy Conductor — John B. Henderson,
N. S.. Pittsburgh. Pa.
Grand Inside Guard — Thomas F. Ahern, New
Haven, Conn.
Grand Trustees — Carl G. Winter, Indianapolis,
Ind.: Henry A. Beck, Seattle, Wash.; George
E. Morgan, Buffalo, N. Y.: John H. Gun-
daker, Davenport, Iowa; John W. Heller. Jr.,
York, Pa.
ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN.
Founded 1868.
Supreme Lodge Officers. 1917-1919.
Past Supreme Master Workman — Edward Ifl.
Hohmann, Johnstown, Pa.
Supreme Master Workman— Will M. Narvis,
Muscatine, Iowa.
Supreme Foreman — John R. Frazier, Gazette
building. Little Rock, Ark.
Supreme Overseer — Dr. L. Heisler Ball, Mar-
shallton, Del.
Supreme Recorder— E. J. Moore, JTargo, N. D.
Supreme Treasurer — E. F. Danforth. Skowhe-
gan. Me.
Supreme Guide— G. Herbert Bishop, 28 Pearl
street. New Haven, Conn.
Supreme Watchman — C. C. Rhodes, Pawtucket.
R. I.
Board of Directors — Will M. Narvis. president,
Muscatine, Iowa ; John R. Frazer, Little Rock,
Ark.; Dr. L. Heisler Ball, Marshallton, Del.:
E. J. Moore, secretary, Fargo, N. D.; E. F.
Danforth, treasurer, Skowhegan, Me.: B. F.
Carroll, Des Moines, Iowa; F. C. Wetmore.
Cadillac, Mich.
INTERNATIONAL ORDER OF GOOD
TEMPLARS.
Organized in 1851.
National Grand Lodge (U. 8.)
National Chief Templar — Ben D. Wright, Lock-
port, N. Y.
National Secretary — Willard O. Wylie, Beverly,
Mass.
National Treasurer — William P. Carlson, Min-
neapolis, Minn.
TRIBE OF BEN-HUR.
Founded March 1, 1894.
Supreme Officers.
Supreme Chief— R. H. Gerard. Crawfordsville,
Ind.
Supreme Scribe — John C. Snyder, Crawfords-
ville, Ind.
Supreme Keeper of Tribute — S. E. Vor-is, Craw-
fordsville, Ind.
Supreme Medical Examiner — J. F. Davidson,
M. D., Crawfordsville. Ind.
Membership Jan. 1. 1918, 85,224.
Surplus Jan. 1. 1918. SI. 666,524.78.
Home Office — Crawfordsville, Ind.
ORDER SONS OF ST. GEORGE.
Founded 1871.
Supreme President — J. Henry Perkins, Portland,
Ore.
200
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Supreme Secretary — Walter Willis. Calumet Na-
tional Bank building-, 9117 Commercial ave-
nue. South Chicago, 111.
Supreme Treasurer — William H. Penney, New
York, N. Y.
Number grand bodies, 10; subordinate bodies,
283.
Members, 1917, 30,224.
Benefits disbursed since organization, $4,198,-
692.
Benefits disbursed last .fiscal year, $193,354.36.
JUNIOR ORDER UNITED AMERICAN ME-
CHANICS.
Founded 1853.
Officers of the Rational Council.
National Councilor — John" H. Noyes, Plaistow,
N. H.
National Vice-Councilor — H. F. Lochner, Louis-
ville. Ky.
National Secretary — Martin M. Woods, P. O.box
874, Philadelphia, Pa.: office 727 and 729
Stephen Girard building Philadelphia, Pa.
National Treasurer— Charles Reimer, 301 Cham-
ber of Commerce. Baltimore, Md.
National Warden— Samuel W. Plyler, Rock Hill,
y. c.
National Conductor — George A. Davis, Balti-
more, Md.
National Inside Sentinel — R. F. Lambert, Hunt-
ington, W. Va.
National Outside Sentinel — James R. Mansfield.
Alexandria, Va.
National Chaplain — Rev. W. B. Duttera, Salis-
bury, N. C.
Next place of meeting, Milwaukee, Wis., June
17. 1919.
PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA.
Organized Dec. 10. 1847.
National Camp Officers.
Presidents-William Jas. Heaps, Baltimore, Md.
Vice-President — Samuel Roberts, Conshohocken,
Pa.
Master of Forms — C. A. Gillespie, Pullman, 111.
Secretary— Chas H. Stees, 1617 North Broad
street, Philadelphia. Pa.
Treasurer— -O. B. Wetherhold. Reading. Pa.
Assistant Secretary— L. F. Stees, 1617 North
Broad street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chaplain— Rev. C. H. Elder, Trenton, N. J.
Conductor — J. W. White, Jacksonville, Fla.
Inspector— T. R. Stevens, Dayton, O.
Guard— H. T. Ellis, Denver, Col.
Medical Examiner in Chief — P. N. K. Schwenk,
M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.
Place of meeting in 1919, Jacksonville, Fla.
Membership, 295,000.
IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN.
Founded 1763 and 1834.
Great Chiefs of the Great Council of the
United States.
Great Incohonee — James T. Rogers, Binghamton,
N. Y.
Great Senior Sagamore — A. G. Rutherford. Nash-
ville, Tenn.
Great Junior Sagamore — John E. Sedwick, Alar-
tlnsville, Ind.
Great Prophet— Thomas H. Jeffries, Atlanta, Ga.
Great Chief of Records— W. B. Macferran, 230
South LaSalle street, Chicago, 111.
Great Keeper of Wampum— D. K. Reed, Clarks-
burg. W. Va.
Number of great councils, 64.
Subordinate branches and councils, 4,580.
Numbers of members Jan. 1, 1918, 455,244.
Benefits disbursed in 1917, $1,623,660.60.
Benefits disbursed since organization, $39,620,481.99.
THE MACCABEES.
Instituted 1878; reorganized 1883.
Officers 1916-1919.
Past Supreme Commander— D. D. Aitken, Flint.
Mich.
Supreme 'Commander — D. P. Markey, Detroit.
Mich.
Supreme Lieutenant-Commander — S. W. Hall,
Oakland, Cal.
Supreme Record Keeper— L. E. Sisler, 1021
Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.
Supreme Chaplain— A. W. Frye. Detroit. Mich.
Supreme Sergeant — J. A. Gordon, Chicago. 111.
Supreme Master at Arms — Henry Hildebrand,
Laporte, Ind.
Supreme First Master of the Guards — George S.
Starrett, Columbia. Mo.
Supreme Second Master of the Guards — A. I.
Lee, Boone, Iowa.
Supreme Sentinel — M. J. Bulger, New Orleans.
Siipreme Picket — H. A. Becker. Rochester, N. Y
Membership Sept. 30. 1918, 310.616.
Benefits paid to Sept. 30, 1918, $100,998,-
685.74.
ORDER DAUGHTERS OF ST. GEORGE.
Supreme Lodge. .
Supreme Past President — Hattie A. Fox, Naug-
atuck. Conn.
Supreme President— Mary E. Jones, Buffalo."
N. Y.
Supreme Vice-President — Martha A. Sandiford,
North Adams, Mass.
Supreme Financial Secretary — Harriet E. Boyd.
Joliet, 111.
Supreme Recording Secretary — Eliza Connell,
100 Whittier avenue. Providence, R. I.
Supreme Treasurer — Emily Fray, Cleveland. O.
Supreme Chaplain — Minnie Lanyon, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Supreme First' Conductor — Nellie Kenyon, Pat-
erson, N. J.
Supreme Second Conductor — Emily Brown. Bris-
tol, Conn.
Supreme Inside Guard — Mary Ingram, Chicago.
Supreme Outside Guard— Maud Smith, Chicago,
Supreme Trustee — Kate Wallbridge, Buffalo,
N. Y.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS.
Founded 1874.
Supreme Officers.
Supreme Chief Ranger— William H. Hunter. B.
A., Toronto.
Past Supreme Chief Ranger — Victor Morin,
K. C., Montreal.
Supreme Vice-Chief Ranger— Frank E. Hand,
California.
Supreme Secretary — Fred J. Darch, Temple
building, Toronto.
Supreme Treasurer — Robert Mathison, M. A.,
Temple building. Toronto.
Supreme Physician — Thos. Millman, Toronto.
Supreme Counselor — J. D. Clark, Dayton, O.
Total number of members, 186,103.
Benefits disbursed since organization to Dec. 31,
1916, $53,465,512.73.
NATIONAL FRATERNAL CONGRESS OF
AMERICA.
Directory for 1918-1919.
Officers.
President— A. C. McLean. P. H. C. Temple.
Sharon, Pa.
Vice-President — Hill Montague, Travelers build-
ing, Richmond, Va.
Secretary— W. E. Futch, 1136 B. of L. E. build-
ing, Cleveland. O.
Treasurer — A. E. King, American Trust build-
ing, Cleveland, O.
Executive Committee.
Dr. R. H. Gerard. Ben-Hur building. Crawfords-
ville, Ind.; Henri Ray, 20 St. Denis. Montreal,
Que.; John J. Hynes. Brisbane building. Buf-
falo, N. Y.; George P. Kirby, 923 Ohio build-
ing. Toledo. O.: F. T. McFaden. 807 West
Grace street, Richmond, Va.; W. R. Shirley,
Muskog-ee, Okla.
Following is a list of the societies or organi-
zations affiliated with the National Fraternal
Congress of America, with name and address
of the secretary or corresponding official and
benefit membership of each Jan. 1. 1918:
Alliance Nationale — G. Monet, 395
Viger avenue, Montreal, P. Q., Can. 27,289
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
201
American Insurance Union — Dr. Geo.
W. Hoglan. A. I. U. Temple, Colum-
bus. 0 60.394
Ancient Order of Gleaners — Grant Slo-
cum. National Gleaner Temple, De-
troit. Mich.. 65.957
Ancient Order of United Workmen —
E. J. Moore, Fargo, N. D 8.826
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Arkansas-^Iohn R. Frazer. 306-8
Gazette tuilding. Little Rock. Ark. 7.801
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Iowa— W. H. Stowell, Equitable
building. Des Moines, Iowa 11,000
Ancient Order of United Workmen of
Massachusetts — Charles C. Fearing.
13 Walnut street, Boston. Mass 23.242
Artisans Order of Mutual Protection—
Allen P. Cox, M. E., Penn Square
building. Philadelphia, Pa 15.881
Association Canado-Americaine — Henri
Langelier. 1034 Elm street, Man-
chester. N. H 12.944
Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity — S.
A. Oscar, Madison. Wis 21.575
Beneficial Union, The— Joseph Klaus,
1505-7 Carson-st., Pittsburgh. Pa.. 51.201
Brotherhood of American Yeomen —
W. E. Davy, Yeoman building, Des
Moines, Iowa 238.528
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen— A. H. Hawley.
Guardian building. Cleveland, O 99.754
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen —
A. E. King, American Trust build-
ing. Cleveland. 0 150.154
Catholic Knights of American-Henry
Siemer, 606-10 Mercantile National
Bank building, St. Louis, Mo 18.546
Catholic Knights of Ohio^*). J. An-
thony. 815 Rose building, Cleve-
land. 0 7.956
Catholic Knights and Ladies of Amer-
ica—Henry F. Hayes, 1312 Ashland
block, Chicago. 111.* 8.327
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association —
Martin A. Cameron, 188 Main street.
Hornell, N. Y 55,489
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association
of Canada— J. J. Behan. Kingston.
Ont.. Canada 10.227
Catholic Order of Foresters — Thomaa
F. McDonald, 1226-35 Stock Ex-
change building, Chicago. Ill 150,797
Catholic Relief and Beneficiary Asso-
ciation—Miss Margaret H. Graney,
120 Genesee street. Auburn, N. Y,.. 10,138
Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion
—Mrs. Sara E. Skelly. 175 5th ave-
nue. New York, N. Y 15,237
Columbian Circle— N. J. Hein. 704
Masonic Temple. Chicago. Ill 21.848
Columbian Woodmen— E. E. Temple,
Hurt building, Atlanta, Ga 17,128
Court of Honor— W. E. Robinson.
Springfield. Ill 73.893
Degree of Honor. Superior Lodge —
Mrs. Kate S. Holmes, 580 Shubert
building, St. Paul, Minn 46,729
Eastern Star Benevolent Fund of
America— Miss M. E. Crowe. 922
Cass avenue. Detroit. Mich 1,419
Equitable Fraternal Union — Ornn
Thompson, E. F. U. building, Nee-
nah, Wis 28.118
First Catholic Slovak Union of U. S.
A.— Michael Sonko, 1129 Guardian
building. Cleveland. 0 51,165
First Catholic Slovak Ladies' Union
of U. S. A.— -Mrs. Anna Ondrey, 3134
East 94th street, Cleveland, 0 28,274
Fraternal Aid Union— L. D. Roberts,
Lawrence, Kas 11,875
Fraternal Benefit League — Frank P.
Tyler. F. B. L. building. New Ha-
ven. Conn 4.502
Fraternal Brotherhood — H. V. Davis,
845 South Figueroa street. Los An-
geles. Cal 22.400
Fraternal 'Mystic Circle — J. D. Myers.
28,595
4,699
7,179
Arch street, Philadelphia. Pa. 16,652
Fraternal Reserve Association— •€. M.
Robinson. F. R. A. building, Osh-
kosh, Wis 12153
Grand Fraternity— W. E. Gregg, 1626-
1628 Arch street. Philadelphia. Pa. 11.531
Heralds of Liberty — Emanuel Barrick,
4010-12 Chestnut street, Philadel-
phia. Pa .*
Home Benefit Association— W. S. Hali-
burton, 1 Beacon street, Boston,
Mass
Homesteaders — A. H. Corey, Securi-
ties building, Des Moines, Iowa 27.565
Independent Order Free Sons of Israel
—Henry J. Hyman. 21 West 124th
street. New York, N. Y
Independent Order of Foresters — F. J.
Darch, Temple building. Toronto.
Ont.. Canada 179.713
Independent "Workmen's Circle of
America. Inc.— Samuel Egdall, 9
Cambridge street, Boston, Mass 5.583
Knights and Ladies of Security — J. V.
Abrahams, Security building, Tope-
ka, Kas 195,732
Knights of Columbus — Wm. J. McGin-
ley, drawer 96, New Haven, Conn.. 123.979
Knights of Pythias, Insurance Depart*
ment — W. O. Powers, Pythian build-
ing, Indianapolis. Ind 72,481
Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Associa-
tion—Mrs. J. A. Royer. 443 West
llth street. Erie. Pa 155,941
Ladies of the Modern Maccabees-
Miss Emma E. Bower, M. D., Mac-
cabee Temple, Port Huron, Mich... 42,698
Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life
and Accident Insurance Association
— W. E. Futch (president). 1136 B.
of L. E. building. Cleveland, 0 71.383
Loyal American Life Association — H.
D. Cowan, 35 West Jackson boule-
vard, Chicago, 111 ' 16,816
Loyal Association — Frank S. Petter,
310-12 Union Trust Co. building.
Jersey City. N. J
Loyal Mystic Legion of America — G.
O. Churchill, L. M. L. A. building,
Hastings, Neb
Da Societe des Artisans ' Oanadiens-
Francais— Henri Roy, 20 St. Denis,
Montreal, P. Q., Canada 44,403
L'Union St. Jean-Baptiste d'Amerique
— Elie Vezina. P. O. Box 1001,
Woonsocket, R. I
Maccabees— Dr. L. E. Sisler, 1021
Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich... 300,061
Masonic Mutual Life Association —
William Montgomery, New Masonic
Temple, Washington, D. C
Modern Brotherhood of America — E.
L. Balz. Mason City, Iowa 58,428
Modern Order of Praetorians— George
C. Taylor. Praetorian building, Dal-
las, Tex
Modern Samaritans— •<"!. E. Tx>vett,
Christie building, Duluth. Minn 6.512
Modern Woodmen of America — James
McNamara. Rock Island. Ill 1.047.011
Mystic Toilers — B. O. Montgomery,
900 Observatory building, Des
Moines. Iowa
Mystic Workers of the World— John
R. Walsh. Fulton. Ill
National Americans— W. H. Luthy,
1020-22 McGee street. Kansas City,
Mo
National Croatian Society of the U. S.
A. — Joseph Marohnic. 1012 Peralta
street. N. S., Pittsburgh. Pa 40.690
National Protective Legion — G. A.
Scott (president). Waverly. N. Y... 23,642
National Slovak Society — Joseph Dur-
ish. 524 4th avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 42.328
National Union — E. A. Myers. Na-
tional Union building. Toledo. O.... 54.869
Neighbors of Woodcraft— J. L. Wright.
394 Taylor street. Portland, Ore 44,821
New England Order of Protection — D.
3.612
31.185
13.246
26.637
94.984
7.695
202
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
M. Frye, 18 Tremont street, Boston,
Mass
North American Union— C. A. Gilles-
pie, 50 West Randolph street, Chi-
cago, 111
Order of the Golden Seal — Arthur F.
Bouton, Roxbury. N. Y
Order of . Mutual P/otection — G. Del
Vecchio, 1523 Masonic Temple. Chi-
cago, 111
Order oi United Commercial Travel-
ers ol America — W. D. Murphy, 638
North Park street, Columbus, O....
Polish National Alliance of the U. S.
A.— JTphn S. Zawilinski. 1406-8 West
Division street, Chicago, 111
Polish Union of America — Jacob Dem-
biec. Miners Bank building, Wilkes-
Barre, Pa
Protected Home Circle— W. S. Palmer,
Sharon, Pa
Koyal Arcanum — Samuel N. Hoag, Box
E, Station A, Boston, Mass
Royal League— Charles E. Piper, 1601
Masonic Temple, Chicago, 111
Royal Neighbors of America — Dr. Ha-
da M. Carlson, Rock Island. Ill
Slovenic National Benefit 'Society —
John Verderba'r, 2657-9 S. Lawn-
dale avenue, Chicago. Ill
Slovenic Progressive Benefit Society —
August Aucin, 1541 W. 18th street,
Chicago, 111
Sons and Daughters of Justice —
Walon Shaw, Crawford building, To-
peka, Eas
27,736
22,804
9,546
5,986
76.619
124,035
18.851
99.297
145,568
24,422
346,763
16.678
4.805
12.085
Sons of Norway — L. Stavnhelm. i)05
New York Life building, Minneapo-
lis. Minn..
South Slavonic Catholic Union of U.
S. A. — Geo. L. Brozich. Ely, Minn..
Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur — John C.
Snyder, Ben Hur building. Craw-
lordsville, Ind
Switchmen's Union of North America
— M. R. Welch, 326 Brisbane build-
ing, Buffalo, N. Y
United American Mechanics, Benefi-
cial Degree, Junior Order — Stephen
Collins. Box 595. Pittsburgh, Pa...
United Artisans— G. L. McKenna. 621
Beck building, Portland, Ore
United Order of Foresters— G . W.
Blann, 301 Colby-Abbott building,
Milwaukee, Wis
United Order of the Golden Cross— W.
R. Cooper, Empire building, Knox-
ville. Tenn
Western Catholic Union— William K.
Ott. Quincy. Ill
Woman's Benefit Association of the
Macoabees — Miss Frances D. Part-
ridge, Home Office building, Port
Huron Mich
Women's Catholic Order of Foresters
—Miss Anna E. Phelan, 140 North
Dearborn street. Chicago, 111
Woodmen Circle — Miss Dora Alexan-
der, W. O. W. building, Omaha, Neb.
Woodmen of the World— I. I. Boak,
W. O. W. building. Denver, Col
5,910
7,674
85.224
10,287
18,240
15.915
11.560
178.228*
71,897
183,424
114.178'
AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
Organized 1876.
President — William W. Bishop, University ol
Michigan library, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Secretary— George B. Utley, 78 East Washing-
ton street, Chicago. 111.
First Vice-President—Charles F. D. Belden, Bos-
ton Public library, Boston, Mass.
Second Vice-President — Burton E. Stevenson,
Chillicothe Public library, Chillicothe, O.
(Since April, 1918, European representative
of the library war service, Paris, (France.)
Association Headquarters — 78 East Washington
street, Chicago, 111.
Membership — 3,500.
Object-^To promote the welfare of libraries in
America.
The principal work engaging the association
since the entrance ol the United States into the
war has been that of providing library facili-
ties for the army, navy and marine corps, a
task delegated to the American Library asso-
ciation by the commissions on training camp
activities, war and navy departments. The fol-
lowing committee on war service was appoint-
ed by the association in June, 1917: J. I.
Wyer, Jr., New -York State library, Albany,
chairman; E. H. Anderson, New York Public
library: F. P. Hill, Brooklyn Public library:
C. F. D. Belden, Boston Public library; Gratia
A. Countryman, Minneapolis Public library; W.
H. Brett (since deceased), Cleveland Public
library: Electra C. Doren. Dayton (Ohio) Pub-
lic library. Herbert Putnam, librarian of con-
gress, is general director of the library war
service.
A lund exceeding $1,750,000 was raised by
popular subscription. The American people
lurther contributed to the work by donating
several millions of books. Under the compre-
hensive plan ol service adopted, special library
buildings, housing large collections in charge
of trained librarians, have been established in
the large army, navy and marine corps camps,
service having been given as well to smaller
camps, posts and stations, to ships, and to the
men in service overseas. The following figures
are of September. 1918: Forty-one library
buildings in operation, forty-three large camp
libraries established; 143 hospitals and Red
Cross houses equipped with books: 234 libra-
rians in the service; 315 small military camps-
and posts equipped with book collections; 138
naval and 26 marine corps stations and 242
vessels supplied with libraries; 1,547 branches
and stations placed in Y. M. C. A. and K. ol C.
huts, barracks and mess halls: 1.030.458 books
shipped overseas; 560.271 books purchased,
largely technical: 3,011,510 books, donated by
the public, in the service.
WRECK OF THE PRINCESS SOPHIA.
The Canadian Pacific Steamship company's
passenger steamer Princess Sophia, caught in
a snowstorm, ran on the Vanderbilt reel in
Lynn canal, south ol Skagway, Alaska, Oct.
24, 1918, while on her way to Vancouver.
Help was summoned and several boats ar-
rived on the scene, but as there did not seem
to be any immediate danger the passengers
were not taken off. On the following day a
storm sprang up and the steamer, after be-
ing pounded against the rocks, was lilted
Irom the reel and dropped to the bottom ol
the channel. There were 343 persons
aboard, most ol them outbound Alaskans and
residents ol the Yukon territory, and all lost
their lives. The Princess Sophia was a ves-
sel ol 2,320 tons.
WORLD'S GREATEST BUFFALO HERD.
The herd ol buffalo in Wainwright park,
Alberta, Canada, contained 3,500 animals in
1918 when a roundup was made. This is
believed to be the largest buffalo herd in the
world. The original herd from which this
has grown consisted of 402 head bought in
1909 by the Canadian government from an
Indian named Pablo in the Flathead valley,
Montana. The United States government has
a large and growing herd on a reservation in
the Flathead vallny. There are other herds ol
buffalo elsewhere in America and it is evident
that there is no longer any danger that the
buffalo will become an extinct animal.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
203
PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
GRAND ARMY OF' THE REPUBLIC.
First post organized at Decatur. 111., April 6, 1866.
General Officers, 1918-1919.
Commander - in - Chief — Clarendon E. Adams,
Omaha. Neb.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — J. G. Cham-
bers, Portland. Ore.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Charles H.
Haber, National Soldiers' Home. Va.
Chaplain-in-Chief — Philip A. Nordell, Brookline,
Mass.
Surg-eon-General — C. M. Ferrin. Essex Junc-
tion, Vt.
Official Staff.
Adjutant-General — Albert M. Trimble, Lincoln,
Neb.
Quartermaster-General — Cola D. R. Stowits, 877
Ellicott square. Buffalo, N. Y.
Membership by Departments.
Dec. 31, 1917.
Depts. Members.
Maine 2,243
Maryland 993
Massachusetts 7.483
Michigan 5,553
Minnesota 2,423
Missouri 3,183
Montana 276
Nebraska 2.651
Members.
60
75
163
1,484
5.050
Depts.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Colorado and Wyoming-
California and Nevada
Connecticut 1,816
Delaware 284
Florida 663
Georgia and S. Carolina 119
Idaho 370
Illinois 9,376
Indiana 7.250
Iowa 6.513
Kansas 6,084
Kentucky 620
Louisiana & Mississippi 276
New Hampshire 1,227
New Jersey 2,310
New Mexico 95
New York 12,416
North Dakota 196
Ohio 12.456
Oklahoma 1.054
Oregon 1.721
Judge-Advocate General — Thomas S. Hopkins,
Washington, D. C.
Inspector-General — Thomas H. Brown, Sioux
Falls, S. D.
National Patriotic Instructor — George D. Kel-
logg, Newcastle, Cal.
Assistant Adjutant-General — George A. New-
man, Des Moines, Iowa.
Assistant Quartermaster-General and Custodian
of Records — J. Henry Holcomb, Independence
Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chief of Staff — George A. Hosley, Boston, Mass.
Senior Aid de Camp— Joseph Teeter, McCook.
Neb.
Headquarters — 909 Security Mutual Life build-
ing:, Lincoln, Neb.
• Depts. Members.
Pennsylvania 12.67O'
Potomac 963
Rhode Island 796-
South Dakota 708
Tennessee 552.
Texas 283
Utah 212.
Vermont 1,405
Virginia & N. Carolina . 303
Washington and Alaska 2,215
West Virginia 738
Wisconsin 3,588
Total 120,916
1879 44,752
1880 60.634
1881 85,856
1882 134,701
1883 215.446
1884 273,168
1885 294,787
1886 323.571
1887 355.916
1888 372.960
1889 397.774
1890 409,489
1891 407,781
1892 399.880
1893 397,223
1894 369.083
1895 357,639
1896 340,610
1897 319.456
1898 305,603
Membership by Years.
1888 4,433
1889 4.696
1890 5.476
1891 5.965
1892 6.404
1893 7,002
1894.'. 7.283
1895 7.368
1896 7.293
1897 7.515
1898 8. :{«:{
1899 7.994
1900 7.790
1901 8.166
1902 8.'i99
1903 8.366
Death Rate by Years.
No. Pet.
1.18
1899 287,981
1900 276,662
1901 269.507
1902 263,745
1903 256,510
1904 246,261
1905* 232.455
1905t 235,823
1906 229,932
1907 225,157
1908 220,600
1909 213,901
1910 203.410
1911 191,346
1912 180,227
1913 171,335
1914 159.773
1915 149,074
1916 135,931
1917 -.. 120,916
1.33
1.33
1.46
1.61
1.78
2.97
2.06
2.21
2.35
2.41
2.78
2.80
3.02
3.08
3.22
•June 30. tDec. 31. By a new rule the sta-
tistics were made to cover the calendar year.
In 1918 the death rate averaged up to Oct. 1
a little more than 1.000 a month.
Relief Work.
Expended in relief in 1917 855.824:42
Members and families relieved 1.717
Others than families relieved 361
No.
1904 9.029
1905
1905t
1906.
1907.
1908
1009
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
..9.152
..9,205
..9.052
.10,242
.10.124
.11.030
. 9.151
.11.594
.11,338
.11,187
.11.434
.11,856
.11.430
1917 11.553
Pet.
3.60
3.90
3.90
3.83
4.45
4.59
5.00
4.49
5.07
6.28
6.53
7.16
7.95
8.04
9.55
Total number posts .4,863
National Encampments and Commander s-in-
. Chief.
1866— Indianapolis: S. A. Hurlbut, Illinois.
1868 — Philadelphia: John A. Logan. Illinois.
1869 — Cincinnati; John A. Logan, Illinois.
1870 — Washington: John A. Logan, Illinois.
1871 — Boston — A. E. Burnside. Rhode Island.
1872 — Cleveland: A. E. Burnside, Rhode Island.
1873 — New Haven: C. Devens. Jr.. Massachu-
setts.
1874 — Harrisburg; C. Devens. Jr.. Massachu-
1875— Chicago: J. F. Hartranft, Pennsylvania.
1876— Philadelphia: J. F. Hartranft. Pennsyl-
vania.
1877 — Providence: J. C. Robinson, New York.
1878— Springfield: J. C. Robinson, New York.
1879— Albany; William Earnshaw, Ohio.
1880 — Dayton, O.: Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania.
1881 — Indianapolis; G. S. Merrill, Massachu-
setts.
1882— Baltimore: P. Vandervoort, Nebraska.
1883— Denver: R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania.
1884 — Minneapolis: John S. Kountz, Ohio.
1885— Portland. Me.; S. S. Burdette, Washing-
ton.
1886 — San Francisco: L. Fairchild, Wisconsin.
1887 — St. Louis: John P. Rea, Minnesota.
1888— Columbus, O.: William Warner, Missouri.
1889 — Milwaukee: Russell A. Alger, Michigan.
1890— Boston: W. G. Veazy, Vermont.
1891— Detroit; John Palmer. New York.
1892 — Washington: A. G. Weissert. Wisconsin.
1893 — Indianapolis ; J. G. B. Adams. Massachu-
setts.
1894— Pittsburgh; T. G. Lawler. Illinois.
1895— Louisville: I. N. Walker, Indiana.
1896— St. Paul: T. S. Clarkson, Nebraska..
1897— Buffalo: J. P. S. Gobin. Pennsylvania.
1898 — Cincinnati: James A. Sexton, Illinois.
1899— Philadelphia: Albert D. Shaw, New York.
1900 — Chicago: Leo Rassieur, Missouri.
1901— Cleveland: Ell Torrance, Minnesota.
1902— Washington: T.J.Stewart. Pennsylvania.
1903— San Francisco: J. C. Black. Illinois.
1904— Boston: W. W. Blackmar, Massachusetts.
1905— Denver; James Tanner. Washington.
D. C.
204
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1906 — Minneapolis: Robert B. Brown, Ohio.
1907 — Saratoga: Charles G. Burton, Missouri.
1908 — Toledo; Henry M. Nevius. New Jersey.
1909— Salt Lake City; S. R. Van Sant, Minne-
sota.
1910— Atlantic City; J. E. Oilman, Massachu-
setts.
1911— Rochester. S. ?.: H. M. Trimble. Illi-
nois.
1912— Los Angeles, Cal.; A. B. Beers, Con-
necticut.
1913— Chattanoog-a, Tenn.: W. Gardner. Michi-
gan.
1914 — Detroit, Mich.; David J. Palmer, Iowa.
1915— Washing-ton, D. C.; Elias R. Monfort,
Ohio.
1916— Kansas City, Mo.; William J. Patterson,
Pennsylvania.
1917 — Boston,- Mass.; Orlando A. Somers. Indi-
ana.
1918— Portland, Ore.; Clarendon E. Adams,
Omaha, Neb.
SONS OF VETERANS, U. S. A.
National Officers, 1918-1919.
Commander-in-Chief— Francis Callahan. Wash-
ing-ton, D. C.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Elmer E Per-
ry. Barre, Vt.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Charles H
Bissell, Southington, Conn.
Council-in-Chief— W. F. Chambers, Cincinnati
O.; Ernest W. Homan, West Lynn, Mass • A
D. Rhinesmith, Peoria, 111.
Secretary (holdover)— Horace H. Hammer, Co-
lonial building-, Reading, Pa.
Treasurer (holdover)— J. L. Rake. Reading-. Pa.
Chief of Staff— Edwin M. Amies, Altoona. Pa.
National Patriotic Instructor — Frank McCrillis,
Portland. Ore.
National Chaplain — Rev. Edward H. Brewster,
Auburn, Me.
National Counselor — H. S. Siggelko, Madison,
Wis.
National Press Correspondent— H. V. Speelman,
1652 Hobart street. N. W., Washington, D. C.
DAUGHTERS OF VETERANS.
National Officers, 1918-1919.
President— Mrs. Estella M. Moore, 11407 Mich-
ig-an avenue, Chicago, 111.
Senior Vice-President — Mrs. Clara G. Yengling-,
Cleveland, O.
Junior Vice-President—Mrs. Nellie M. Goodman.
Roxbury, Mass.
Treasurer— Miss Jessie M. Moody, Detroit, Mich.
Chaplain — Miss RoseT. Jackson, Tacoma, Wash.
Secretary— Mrs. Lulu M. • Carlin. 6527 Lake-
wood avenue, Chicago, HI.
Patriotic Instructor — Miss Caroline Scherer,
Portland, Ore.
Inspector— Mrs. Nellie D. Orchard, New Lon-
don, Conn.
WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS.
Organized in Denver, Col.. July. 1883.
National Officers, 1918-1919.
National President — Mrs. Eliza Brown-Daggett.
Attleboro, Mass.
National Senior Vice-President — Mrs. Lida Root
McKercher, Seattle, Wash.
National Junior Vice-President — Mrs. Minnie T.
Horseman, Portland, Ore.
National Secretary — Mrs. Abbie Lynch, 1430
•Sheffield street, N. S., Pittsburgh. Pa
National Treasurer— Mrs. Estella E. Plopper,
Iowa Falls, Iowa.
National Chaplain — Mrs. Mary N. Botkin, Jop-
lin. Mo.
National •Counselor— Mrs. Sarah E. Fulton,
Geneseo. N. Y.
National Inspector— Mrs. Catherine McB. Hos-
ter. Indianapolis, Ind.
National Instituting and Installing1 Officer— Mrs.
Minnie D. Bell. Lincoln, Neb.
Jfational Patriotic Instructor— Mrs. Emma C.
Ewing-Grennell, Beloit, Wis.
National Press Correspondent — Elizabeth R.
Berry. Boston, Mass.
National Senior Aid — Blanche T. Esterbrook,
Chagrin Falls, O.
National Headquarters — 30 South Main street,
Attleboro, Mass.
The organization has thirty-six departments,
comprising- 2.642 corps, with a total member-
ship of 160.871.
NATIONAL DAUGHTERS OF THE G. A. B.
National Officers, 1918-1919.
Commander-in-Chief — Delia E. Larson, Madison.
Wis.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Bonnie it.
Parke, Detroit. Mich.
Junipr Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Sarah Vance.
Chicago, 111.
Quartermaster-General — Augusta C. Grotheyn.
Detroit, Mich.
Chaplain-General — Nellie Martin Grimes, Brain-
tree, Mass.
Counselor-General-^Julia A. Ellis, Chicago, HI.
Patriotic Instructor— Gertrude Hughes, Spo-
kane, Wash.
Officer of the Day— Mamie E. Giroux, Chicago.
111.
Officer of the Guard— Cora V. Fox. Battle
Creek, Mich.
Adjutant-General—Martha K. Lacey. Madison.
Wis.
LADIES OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE
REPUBLIC.
Organized in Chicago, September, 1886.
National Officers. 1918-1919.
President — Mrs. Rose E. Houghton, Seattle.
Wash.
Senior Vice-President — Mrs. Sara E. Mathews.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Junior Vice-President—Mrs. Ella G. Hines, Port-
land. O.
Treasurer — Mrs. Jennie E. Troxell, Allentown,
Pa.
Secretary— Mrs. Lelia M. Fletcher. Seattle.
Wash.
National Counselor — Mrs. Mary E. Tarbox.
Fryeburg, Me.
National Installing Officer— iDella R. Henry, 'St.
Louis, Mo.
Chaplain^Belle Ingram. Los Angeles, Cal.
National Inspector— Mrs. Ida E. Wright, Chi-
cago, 111.
ARMY NURSES OF THE CIVIL WAR.
National Officers. 1918-1919.
President — Mrs. Alice Carey Risley, Jefferson
City, Mo.
Counselor— Mrs. Clarissa F. Dyer. Germantown.
Pa-
Historian and Press Correspondent — Mrs. Helen
Brainard Cole, Sheboygan Falls, Wis.
Treasurer — Mrs. Salome Myers Stewart. Gettys-
burg, Pa.
Senior Vice-President — Mrs. Elizabeth H. Mills.
Orange, Cal.
Junior Vice-President—Mrs. Sarah W. B. Me-
Graw. Retsil, Wash.
Secretary — Mrs. Emily Adler, Clarion, Iowa.
Conductor — Mrs. Allie Bailley. Sacramento, Cal.
Chaplain — Mrs. Etta Hubbs, Lebanon, Ore.
UNITED SPANISH WAR VETERANS.
National Officers.
Commander-in-Chief — Carl C. Van Dyke, house
of representatives, Washington. D. C.
Senior Vice - Commander - in - Chief — William
Jones, New York, N. Y.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Joseph Le-
Masurier, Richmond. Va.
Adjutant-General—Otto N. Raths, St. Paul.
Minn.
Assistant AdJutant^General — G. E. Rausch.
Washington. D. C.
Surg-eon-General— Dr. Charles C. Wiley. Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
205
Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev. Robert E. Elwood. Ab-
secon, N. J.
National Headquarters — Postoffice, St. Paul,
Minn.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX-
PRISONERS OF WAR.
Commander— Gen. Harry White, Indiana. Pa.
Senior Vice-Commander — Robert Commers, Chi-
cago, 111.
Junior Vice-Commander — Silas G. Burdick.
Cuba. N. Y.
Chaplain— J. F. Holligrer, Toledo, O.
Adjutant-General and Quartermaster — Col. J.
D. Walker, room 505 City-County building,
Pittsburg-h, Pa.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION
OP THE UNITED STATES.
Instituted 1865.
General Officers.
Commander-in-Chief — Lieut.-Gen. Samuel B. M'.
Young-, U. S. A.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-chief — Rear- Admiral
Edwin Stewart, U. S. N.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Bvt. Lieut.-
Col. Andrew Cowan, U. S. V.
Recorder-in-Chief— Bvt. Lieut.-Col. John P.
Nicholson, U. S. V.
Registrar-in-Chief — First Lieutenant Thomas H.
McKee. U. S. V.
Treasurer-in-Chief — Paymaster George DeForest
Barton, U. S. N.
Chancellor-in-Chief— Bvt. Capt. John O. Foering,
U. S. V.
Chaplain-in-Chief — Bvt. Maj. Henry S. Burrage.
U. S. V.
Council-in-Chief — Acting1 Assistant Paymaster
Henry M. Rogers. U. S. N.: Bvt. Maj. Henry
L. Swords, U. S. V.: Lieut. Joseph H. Janney.
U. S. V.; First Lieut, and Adjt. Lewis H.
Chamberlin, U. S. V.; Lieut.-Col. George V.
Lauman, U. S. V.
Commanderies.
California— Capt. E. L. Hawk, U. S. V.. com-
mander; Bvt. Col. William C. Alberger, U. S.
V.. recorder.
Colorado — Companion Charles M. Schenck, com-
mander: Lieut. "William H. Conley, U. S. V.,
recprder.
District of Columbia — Lieut.-Gen. Nelson A.
Miles, U. S. A., commander; Lieut. Thomas
H. McKee, U. S. V.. recorder.
Illinois — Capt. Orett L. Munger, U. S. V., com-
mander; Lieut.-Col. George V. Lauman. U S.
V., recorder.
Indiana— Maj. 'W. W. Daugherty. U. S. V., com-
mander: Lieut. Alexander M. Scott, U. S. V.,
recorder.
Iowa— Lieut. 'Frank G. Clark. U. S. V., com-
mander: Capt. Elbridge D. Hadley, U. S. V.,
recorder.
Kansas— Lieut. William Green, U. S. A. (ret.),
commander; Capt. John T. Taylor, U. S. V.,
recorder.
Maryland— Col. G. W. F. Vernon, U. S. V., com-
mander: Lieut. Joseph J. Janney, U. S. V..
recorder.
Massachusetts — Brig.-Gen. Samuel M. Mansfield,
U. S. A., commander; Capt. Charles W. C.
Rhoades, U. S. V.. recorder.
Maine — Bvt. Maj. Henry S. Bun-age, U. S. V.,
commander; John F. Dana, recorder.
Michigan— Capt. E. B. Fenton, U. S. V.. com-
mander; Brig-.-Gen. Charles A. Coolidge. U.
S. A., recorder.
Minnesota— <Bvt. Maj. Charles H. McCreery, U.
S. V.. commander; Capt. Orton S. Clark, U.
S. V., recorder.
Missouri — Lieut.-Col. John B. Gandolfo. U. S.
V., commander; Capt. William ,R. Hodges, U.
S. V., recorder.
Nebraska— Capt. William J. Broatch. U. S. A.,
commander; Lieut. Frank B. Bryant, U. S. V.,
recorder.
New York — First Lieut, and Adjt. George Ha-
ven Putnam. U. S. V., commander: Lieut.-Col.
William S. Cogswell, U. S. V., recorder.
Ohio— First Lieut. George P. Welch, U. S. V..
commander; Capt. J. M. Blair, U. S. V., re-
corder.
Oregon— Bvt. Capt. John S. Bradley, U. S. V..
commander; Lieut. Joseph E. Hall. U. S. V.,
recorder.
Pennsylvania — Lieut.-Col. H. G. Cavenaugh, U.
S. A., commander: Lieut.-Col. John P. Nich-
olson, U. S. V.. recorder.
Vermont — Capt. George W. Burleson, U. S. V.,
commander; Lieut. Carlos D. Williams, U. S.
V., recorder.
Washington — Maj. Beverly W. Coiner, U. S. V.,
commander: Frank C. Shipley, recorder.
Wisconsin— Maj. Edward Schofield, U. S. V.,
commander: Act. Asst. Paymaster Justin W.
Meacham, U. S. N., recorder.
UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS.
Organized June 10. 1889.
General Officers.
General Commander — Gen. K. M. Van Zandt.
Ft. Worth, Tex.
Adjt. -Gen. and Chief of Staff— Maj .-Gen. Wil-
liam E. Mickle, Mobile, Ala.
Honorary Commanders-in-Chief — Gen. C. Irvine
Walker. Summerville. S. C., and Gen. Bennett
H. Young, Louisville, Ky.
ARMY AND NAVY UNION OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
National Corps.
Commander— Robert Dudley Carter, Baltimore.
Md.
Senior Vice-Commander — Ellsworth Jeffrey.
Cleveland, O.
Junior Vice-Commander-^John J. Cosgrove,
Charlestown, Mass.
Chief of Staff— Edward V. Murtagh, Brooklyn.
Adjutant-General — Henry W. Lee, 128 East Price
street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Quartermaster-General — Alonzo S. Van Pelt,
Rahway, N. J.
Paymaster-General — Ray C. Shepherd, New
York, N. Y.
Inspector-General—Thomas P. McKeghney, Phil-
adelphia, Pa.
Judg-e-Advocate— <3en. Judge Jones, Rochester.
Surgeon^General — Dr. J. E. Hendrickson, Phoe-
bus, Va.
National Chaplain— Rev. Mr. Westcott, St. Cloud,
Fla.
National Historian— George R. Downs, Erie, Pa.
National Patriotic Instructor— Jacques LaBelle.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
NAVAL AND MILITARY ORDER OF THE
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
Instituted Feb. 2, 1899.
National Commander]/ Officers. 1918.
Commander-in-Chief — Capt. George B. Zane, Jr..
Pennsylvania.
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief — Lieut. John
M. Thompson, New York.
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief— Lieut. S. B.
Hart, Illinois.
Registrar-in-Chief — Capt. John T. Hilton. New
York.
Deputy 'Registrar-in-Chief — Lieut.-Col. George
V. Lauman. Illinois.
Treasurer-in-Chief — Capt. Homer C. Croscup, 78
Broad street. New York, N. Y.
Historian-in-Chief — Capt. A. G. Reynolds, Mas-
sachusetts.
Chaplain-in-Chief— Rev. (Capt.) Henry A. P.
Hoyt, Pennsylvania
Membership is confined to commissioned of-
ficers who served as such in the United States
army, navy, marine or revenue cutter service
(volunteer .or regular) or as a contract sur-
geon during: the Spanish war or the Philippine
insurrection incident thereto as well as all
the sons of such officers.
206
• ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
MILITARY ORDER OF FOREIGN WARS OF
THE UNITED STATES.
Instituted Dec. 27. 1894.
Officers of the Rational Commandery.
Commander-in-Chief— Brig.-Gen. Samuel W. Foun-
tain, U. S. A., ret.. Devon. Pa.
Secretary-General— Maj. David Banks. 23 Park
place. New York. N. Y.
Deputy Secretary-General — Maj. Rene A. de
Russy, 15 Wall street, New York. N. Y.
Treasurer-General— Capt. Ogden D. Wilkinson, 2010
Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Registrar-General— Capt. Howard A. Giddings.
U. S. V., Hartford. Conn.
Judge-Advocate General — Frank M. Avery, New
York, N. Y.
Deputy Treasurer-General—Col. O. D. Clark.
Montpelier. Vt.
Chaplain-General— Capt. J. Madison Hare, Jer-
sey City, N. J.
Historian-General— Capt. Edw. H. Smith. D. S.
V.. Oshkosh. Wis.
Recorder-General — Col. Guy A. Boyle, Indianap-
olis. Ind.
Surgeon-General— Maj. Joseph M. Heller, Wash-
ington. D. C.
Commanderies have been established In twenty-
one states. Total membership about 1,200.
The order is a military organization with pa-
triotic objects, having for its scope the period of
American history since national independence. It
stands for the needed and honorable principle of
national defense against foreign aggression. The
principal feature of the order is the perpetuat-
ing of the names as well as the services of com-
missioned officers who serv«d in either the war
of the revolution, the war with Tripoli, the war
of 1812, the Mexican war or the war with Spain
or shall serve in future campaigns recognized by
the United States government as war with foreign
powers. Veteran companionship is conferred upon
such officers and hereditary companionship upon
their direct lineal descendants in the male line.
NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
Organized April 30. 1889, and incorporated by act
of congress June 9, 1906.
President-General—Louis A. Ames. New York,
N. Y.
Vice-Presidents-General — Charles F. Read, Bos-
ton, Mass. ; Thomas W. Williams, East Orange,
N. J. ; Albert M. Henry, Detroit, Mich. ; Frank
W. Rawles, Little Rock, Ark. ; Thomas A. Per-
kins, San Francisco. Cal.
Secretary-General and Registrar-General— A. How-
ard Clark, Smithsonian institution, Washington,
D. C.
Treasurer-General—John H. Burroughs, 15 Wil-
liam street. New York, N. Y.
Historian-General — George C. Arnold. Providence,
R. I.
Chaplain-General—Rev. Lee S. McCollester. Med-
ford, Mass.
SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI.
Organized by Gen. George Washington and his
officers May 10, 1783, at the cantonments of
American army on the Hudson river. New York.
General Officers.
President-General — Winslow Warren. Massachu-
setts.
Vice-President-General—James Simons, LL. D..
South Carolina.
Secretary-General—Asa Bird> Gardiner. LL. D..
L. H. D., Union club. New York, N. Y.
Treasurer-General— Charles Isham. Connecticut.
Assistant Secretary-General — John C. Daves, Bal-
timore. Md.
Assistant Treasurer-General — Henry Randall
Webb'. Maryland.
Only the thirteen original states have state
societies. These, with the names of president
«nd secretary of each in geographical order
named, are:
Magsachtwettfl — Winslow Warren, David Greene
Haskins.
Rhode Island— Asa Bird Gardiner, LL. D.. L. H.
D.: Charles L. F. Robinson.
Connecticut— Henry Larcoin Abbott. LL. D.:
Bryce Metcalf.
New York— Talbot Olyphant. Francis Buriall
Hoffman.
New Jersey— James W. S. Campbell. Henry D.
Maxwell.
Pennsylvania— Harris E. Sproat. Grant Weld man.
Delaware— Philip H. White, Leonard E. Wales.
Maryland — Oswald Tilghman, Thomas Edward
Sears.
Virginia— Francis T. A. Junkln, LL. D.; Levin
Joyner.
North Carolina— Wilson Gray Lamb, Marshall
Delancey Haywood.
South Carolina — James Simons. LL. D. : Henry M.
Tucker. Jr.
Georgia— Walter Glasco Charlton. George Francis
Tennille.
The Order of the Cincinnati was organized by
American and French officers who served in the
war of the revolution, for the purpose of perpet-
uating the remembrance of that event and keep-
ing up the friendships then formed. Membership
goes to ,the eldest male descendant, if worthy;
in case there is no direct male descendant, then
to male descendants through intervening female
descendants. The present membership is about
890. George Washington was the first president-
general until his decease and Alexander Hamil-
ton the second.
NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS
OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
National Board of Management, 1918-1919.
Headquarters — Memorial Continental hall, 17th
and D streets, N. W., Washington, D. C.
President-General—Mrs. George Thacher Guern-
sey, Washington, D. C.
Vice-Presidents-General — Terms expire In 1919:
Mrs. George Maynlard Minor, Connecticut: Mrs.
William G. Spencer, Tennessee ; Mrs. William
Butterworth, Illinois'; Mrs. Harold R. Hqwell,
Iowa ; Mrs. C. Hamilton Tebault, Louisiana ;
Mrs. Alvin V. Lane, Texas; Mrs. George W.
Gedney, New Jersey. Terms expire in 1920:
Mrs. James B. Grant, Colorado ; Mrs, Fred H.
H. Calhoun, South Carolina ; Mrs. Charles E.
Longley, Rhode Island ; Mrs. Jeanne D. Black-
burn, Kentucky ; Mrs. Samuel McKnight Green,
Missouri ; Mrs. Sheppard W. Foster. Georgia ,
Mrs. William H. Talbott, Maine. Terms expire
in 1921: Mrs. William N. Reynolds, North Car-
olina ; Mrs. Frank B. Hall. Massachusetts ;
Mrs. Charles H. Aull, Nebraska ; Mrs. Andrew
F. Fox, Mississippi ; Miss Stella P. Hardy,
Arkansas ; Mrs. Benjamin L. Purcell, Virginia ;
Mrs. William A. Guthrie. Indiana.
Recording Secretary-General—Miss Emma L.
Crowell, Washington, D. C.
Organizing Secretary-General—Mrs. Duncan U.
Fletcher, Washington, D. C.
Registrar-General — Miss Grace M. Pierce, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Historian-General— Mrs. George K. Clarke, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Corresponding Secretary-General—Mrs. Woodbury
Pulsifer, Washington, D. C.
Treasurer-General — Mrs. Robert J. Johnston,
Washington, D. C.
Librarian-General—Mrs. James M. Fowler. Wash-
ington, D. C.
Curator-General—Miss Catherine B. Barlow,
Washington, D. C.
Director-General in Charge «of Report to Smith-
sonian Institution— Mrs. Benjamin Heath, Wash-
ington, D. C.
SONS OF THE REVOLUTION.
Organized 1876.
General Officers.
General President— J. M. Montgomery. New York.
N. Y.
General Vice-Presldent— R. M. Cadwalader, Phil-
adelphia, Pa.
Second General Vice-President— W. G. Page. Bos-
ton, Mass.
General Secretary— Prof. William Libbey, Prince-
ton, N. J.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
207
Assistant General Secretary— W. Hall Harris, Jr.,
255 Title building, Baltimore, Md.
General Treasurer— Ralph Isham, 1311 Ritchie
place, Chicago, 111.
Assistant General Treasurer — Gen. George Rich-
ards, TJ. S. M. C.. 1734 New York avenue,
Washington, D. C.
General Registrar — Hon. George E. Pomeroy. 610
Madison avenue, Toledo, O.
General Historian— H. O. Collins. Los Angeles.
Cal
General Chaplain— Rt.-Rev. D. S. Turtle, St.
Louis. Mo.
Organizations exist in thirty-two states.
Membership— 7.000.
SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
Instituted in 1892.
Officers of the General Society.
Governor-General— Col. William W. Ladd. New
York.
Honorary Governor-General— Capt. Howland Pell.
New York.
Vice-Governor-General—John L. Merrill. M. D..
New Jersey.
Secretary-General— John Leonard Merrill, 517
Park avenue. East Orange, N. J.
Deputy Secretary-General—Edmund Howard Mar-
tin, 759 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
Treasurer-General — William Macpherson Hornor,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Deputy Treasurer-General—Francis Howard Wil-
liams, Philadelphia. Pa.
Registrar-General — George Norbury Mackenzie,
Baltimore, Md.
Historian-General — Frederick J. Allen. Rhode
Island.
Chaplain-General — (Vacancy) .
Surgeon-General — (Vacancy) .
Chancellor-General— Hon. Henry Stockbridge, Bal-
timore, Md.
Headquarters — 43 Cedar street, New York, N. Y.
GENERAL SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DE-
SCENDANTS.
The Society of Mayflower Descendants was or-
ganized in the city of New York Dec. 22, 1894.
by lineal descendants of the Mayflower pilgrims,
"to preserve' thei* memory, their records, their
history and all facts relating to them, their an-
cestors and their posterity." All lineal descend-
ants over 18 years of age, male or female, of
passengers of the voyage of the Mayflower
which terminated at Plymouth, Mass., December,
1620, including all signers of "The Compact."
are eligible to membership.
The General Society of Mayflower Descendants
was organized at Plymouth, Mass.. 1897. The tri-
ennial congress is held in September at Plym-
outh. Mass. Societies have been organized in
New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsyl-
vania, Illinois, District of Columbia. Ohio. Now
Jersey, Wisconsin. Rhode Island, Michigan,
Maine, Colorado, California, Washington, Kansas
and Indiana. The officers of the general society
are:
Governor-General—Gen. Leonard Wood.
Secretary-General — Addison P. Munroe.
Treasurer-General — Henry H. Belknap.
Historian-General — Dr. George B. Stevens.
Captain-General — Myles Standish. M. D.
Surgeon-General — Mn.1. Herbert N. Yeamans.
Elder-General— John Coleman Adams.
SOCIETY OF THE WAR OF 1812.
Organized Sept. .14, 1814.
President-General— John Cadwalader (of Pennsyl-
vania society).
Secretary-General— Herbert M. Leland, Massachu-
setts.
Assistant Secretary-General — John Mason Dulany,
1320 Linden avenue, Baltimore. Md.
Treasurer-General — Georsje II. Richards, M. D.,
424 Main street, Oranse. N. .1.
Assistant Treasurer-General— James M. Henry,
Washington, D. C.
Registrar-General—Henry Harmon Noble, Essex,
N. Y.
Surgeon-General—George H. Burgin, M. D.
Judge-Advocate General — Gen. A. Leo Knott,
Maryland.
Chaplain-General—Henry Branch, D. D., Mary-
land.
State societies have been formed in Pennsyl-
vania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illi-
nois, District of Columbia, New York and New
Jersey. Membership is made tip of male persons
atove the age of 21 years who participated In or
ara lineal descendants of one who served during
the war of 1812 in the army, navy, revenue ma-
rine or privateer service of the United States,
upon offering proof thereof satisfactory to the
state society to which they may make applica-
tion for membership, and who are of good moral
character and reputation,
THE NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE. INC.
Organized Dec. 1, 1914.
National Headquarters— 19 West 44th street. New
York. N. Y.
President— -Charles E. Lydecker.
Vice-Presidents—George Wharton Pepper, Phila-
delphia, Pa. ; Willett M. Spooner, Milwaukee,
Wis. ; Luke E. Wright, Memphis, Tenn. ; Frank-
lin Q. Brown, New York. N. Y. ; James W.
Gerard, New York, N. Y. ; Myron T. Herrick.
Cleveland. O.
Secretary— Franklin Remington.
Treasurer— Alexander J. Hemphill.
Executive Secretary — Henry L. West.
Originally created for the purpose of arousing
public sentiment as to the necessity of national
defense and urging the enactment by congress of
defense legislation, it has developed into an organ-
ization striving in every way possible to aid in
the efficient conduct of the war with Germany.
It has branches in all of the larger cities and
towns and has members in every state of the
union.
Chicago Branch.
Office— Room 1115 Lytton building, 14 East Jack-
son boulevard.
President— Harry H. Merrick.
Vice-Presidents—George W. Dixon, John W.
Thomas, Irving Washington, Miss Harriet Vit-
tum, Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen, Edgar A. Bancroft,
John F. Smulski.
Secretary — Homer J. Buckley.
Treasurer— Robert J. McKay.
NAVY LEAGUE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Headquarters— Southern building, Washington, D.
C.
Honorary President— Gen. Horace Porter, New
York. N. Y.
President— W. Cameron Forbes. Boston, Mass.
Vice-Presidents— Henry II. Ward, Washington,
D. C. ; Henry B. Joy, Detroit, Mich.
Treasurer— Elbort A. Bennett, New York, N. Y.
Assistant Treasurer— Dwight N. Burnham, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Counsel— Herbert H. Satterlee, New York, N. Y.
Executive Secretary— William H. Stayton, Wash-
Ins ton, D. C.
Secretary— Arthur H. Dadmun. Washington, D. C.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL
PREPAREDNESS. INC.
The Conference Committee on National Prepar-
edness, Inc.. wus organized on June 3, 1915, in
New York city, by delegates from national de-
fense societies. The committee publishes charts,
bulletins, booklets, pamphlets1 and pay-envelope
leaflets and gratuitously distributes books on
national defense for the purpose of quickening
the national spiirit through a hotter -understand-
ing of the economy of preparedness and the in-
humanity of unpreparedness. The officers of the
committee are:
Chairman— Henry' A. Wise Wood. New York, N. Y.
Treasurer — Alan R. Hawley, New York, N. Y.
Secretary— James E. Clark. New York. N. Y.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
The office of the secretary and the committee's
headquarters are at 1 Madison avenue, New
York city.
UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING LEAGUE.
Headquarters— Suite 1322 First National Bank
building, Chicago. 111.
President— Howard H. Gross.
Treasurer— John J. Mitchell.
Advisory Committee — E. P. Ripley, Chicago ; Cy-
rus H. K. Curtis, Philadelphia ; Dr. Harry
Pratt Judson, Chicago ; Cardinal Gibbons, Bal-
timore ; Dr. W. H. Roberts, Philadelphia ; Julius
Rosenwald, Chicago; Dr. Russell H. Conwell,
Philadelphia ; ex-Gov. W. D. Hoard, Wisconsin ;
Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, New York ; Bishop
Samuel Fallows, Chicago ; Bascom Little, Cleve-
land ; F. D. Coburn, Kansas ; Daniel J. Keefe,
Chicago ; Henry D. Lindsley, Texas ; R. T.
Crane, Jr., Chicago; Edward L. Ryerson, Chi-
cago ; Horace S. Wilkinson, New York ; Ike T.
Pryor, Texas ; Henry L. Stimson, New York ;
Charles A. Hinsch, Cincinnati ; Henry M. Pin-
dell, Peoria; Charles F. Hatfield. St. Louis.
Executive Committee — Frank G. Logan, chair-
man ; Clarence S. Funk, vice-chairman ; Wil-
liam Wrigley, Jr. ; Henry M. Byllesby, William
H. Childs, Charles G. Curtis. John T. Pratt,
Howard H. Gross.
Board of Directors— Frank G. Logan, Henry M.
Byllesby, Clarence S. Funk, John S. Goodwin,
Alexander M. White, Victor F. Lawson, Robert
Bacon, William Wrigley, Jr., Albert H. Loeb,
H. S. Vail, Karl H. Behr. William H. Childs,
John T. Pratt. H. Walters. George W. Perkins,
Charles G. Curtis, Guy Emerson, B. E. Sunny.
Daniel J. Keefe, Howard H. Gross, Chesley R.
Perry, Wright A. Patterson. H. H. Merrick.
Object: To carry on a nationwide campaign of
education that will demand of congress legisla-
tion which will require and establish a universal
system of military training.
AMERICAN DEFENSE SOCIETY, INC.
National Headquarters — 44 East 23d street. New
York. N. Y.
Slogan— "Serve at the front or serve at home."
Honorary President — Hon. Theodore Roosevelt,
Honorary Vice-Presidents — David Jayne Hill,
Robert Bacon, Perry Belmont. Charles J. Bona-
parte, John Grier Hibben, Henry B. Joy,
Charles S. Fairchild.
Executive Officers.
Chairman Board of Trustees— Charles S. Davison.
Chairman Executive Committee— Henry C. Quinby.
Treasurer— Robert Appleton.
Secretary— H. D. Craig.
Aims.
1. Defense of America— within. To fight disloyal
Influences in America now and after the war.
To urge full punishment of spies and interning of
all enemy aliens. To work to abolish German
newspapers. German societies, the German lan-
guage in schools and all German propaganda. To
bring about a general boycott of all goods made
In Germany.
2. Defense of America — without. To rouse
America to its peril and the need of many mil-
lions of soldiers to win the war. To expose the
atrocities and lust of dominion of the enemy.
To advocate universal military training.
3. Recognition of Accountability. To demand
such full accountability of all officials as will
result in the elimination of inefficiency.
4. Public Information. To insist upon full and
frank publicity concerning government activities
— within the proper limits of military necessity—
that an aroused public may enlist all intellectual
and emotional factors in the winning of the war.
5. Preparation for After the War Conditions.
To so raise the standard of citizenship that the
tyranny of autocracy as well as of bolshevism
may be avoided. To rouse public opinion in
order that such stern justice shall be meted out
as will make it clear that wars of aggression
are unprofitable.
LEAGUE FOR NATIONAL UNITY.
Organized Oct. 9. 1917.
Honorary Chairmen — James Cardinal Gibbons and
Frank Mason North.
Chairman — Theodore N. Vail.
Vice-Chairmen—Samuel Goinpers, Charles A. Bar-
rett, George Pope.
Secretary— D. L. Cease, Railway Trainmen's
Journal.
Treasurer— Otto H. Kahn, New York. N. Y.
The aim of the league is to unite all Amerioa
behind the government for the vigoraus prosecu-
tion of the war with Germany to a successful
conclusion.
LEAGUE TO ENFORCE PEACE.
Organized June 17, 1915 ; incorporated Oct. 14, 1916.
President— William H. Taft. Washington. D. C.
Secretary— William H. Short, 70 5th avenue. New
York, N. Y.
Vice-President — Alton B. Parker. New York,
N. Y.
Chairman Executive Committee — A. Lawrence
Lowell, Cambridge, Mass.
The object of the league, as its name implies,
is to compel nations to keep the peace without
recourse to war. It proposes that the United
States, after the defeat of the central powers,
shall join an international league pledging the
signatory powers jointly to use their economic
and military forces against any one of their
number that goes to war or commits acts of
hostility against another of the signatories before
any question arising shall hsrve been submitted
to a judicial tribunal for hearing and judgment
or to a council of conciliation for consideration
and recommendation.
AMERICAN ALLIANCE FOR LABOR AND
DEMOCRACY.
Organized In Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 7. 1917.
President — Samuel Gompers, New York, N. Y.
Vice-Presidents— Winfleld R. Gaylord, Milwaukee.
Wis. ; Mrs. Gertrude Fuller, Pittsburgh, Pa. ;
James Duncan, Chicago, 111.
Secretary — Frank Morrison, Washington, D. C.
Treasurer— J. G. Phelps Stokes, New York, N. Y.
The organization was formed to promote loyalty
to the government, to solidify labor behind it, to
suppress pro-German propagandists and to work
for heavy taxes on incomes, excess profits and
land values, government control of industries in
case of labor disputes, insurance for soldiers and
sailors, equal suffrage and for giving wage earn-
ers a voice In war and peace councils.
FOREST FIRES IN MINNESOTA.
Driven by a wind blowing- at the rate of
sixty to seventy miles an hour forest fires swept
over a considerable part of Carlton, St. Louis
and Aitkin counties in northeastern Minnesota
Saturday afternoon and night. Oct. 12, 1918.
causing- the death of 800 or more persons and
damag-e to property estimated at nearly $30.-
000,000. Among- the towns and villages wholly
or partly destroyed were Cloquet, Moose Lake,
Brookston, Brevator. Arnold, Hermantown,
Grand Lake, Aitkin. Maole Grove. Lawler. Ron-
ald, McGreg-or-Pike Lake. Pine Hill, Kalavala,
Automba and Warba. Hundreds of farmhouses
were destroyed and even in the outskirts of
Duluth the damage to buildings and other prop-
erty was estimated at $1.000.000. The fire
came from the northwest with such speed that
persons traveling1 in automobiles were over-
taken by it and burned to death before they
co\Ud reach safety. Most of the dead were
found in earth cellars and wells in which they
had sought refuge. The home guards from va-
rious cities in the state did good work in sav-
ing- life and property while Red Cross and other
organizations gave aid to the homeless and des-
titute, numbering- some 40.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
209
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE (1828-1916),
YR.
1828
1828
183-'
1832
1832
1839
ISSfi
1836
1836
1836
1836
1841
184U
1H40
1844
1844
1844
IS4S
1848
1st.-,
1859
186!
1862
1856
1866
1856
186C
lsf,(
1861
186C
1864
1864
1868
1868
1872
1872
1872
1872
1870
187C,
1876
1878
1876
1SSI)
I8SII
1880
1880
is*
1884
ISHI
1SS4
1SSI
Candidate.
Party.
Popular
vote.
Per
cent-
Elec-
toral
vote.
YR.
1888
isss
1SS.S
isss
!SSS
isic;
ISJtt
IS!)2
1892
1S92
1896
ISiltt
1S96
1896
1896
1896
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1!H HI
I'.UKI
1904
1904
1904
1901
1904
11)04
1904
1906
1906
1908
I'.tos
191 IS
1908
1908
1908
1912
1912
1912
1912
1912
1912
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
Candidate.
Party.
Popular
vote.
Per
cent
Elec-
tor nl
vote.
Jackson
Adams
Democrat..
Federal....
Democrat..
Whig
Whig
Anti-M
Democrat..
Whig
Whig
Whig
Whig
Democrat. .
Whig
Liberty
Democrat. .
Whig
Liberty.....
Whig
Democrat. .
Free Soil...
Democrat. .
Whig
Free Soil...
Democrat. .
Republican
American..
Democrat. .
Democrat..
Republican
Union
Democrat. .
Republican
Democrat..
Republican
Democrat..
Ind. Dem...
Republican
T'mpera'ce
Democrat. .
Republican
Greenback.
Prohibition
American..
Democrat. .
Republican
Greenback.
Prohibition
American..
Democrat..
Republican
Greenback.
Prohibition
647,231
509,01)7
687,502
530,189
I 33,108
76U49
V 736,656
1,128,702
1,275.017
7,059
1,337,243
I,299,0ti8
62,300
1,360,101
1,230.544
291,263
1,601,474
1,380,678
156,149
1,838,169
1,341,264
874,534
1,375,157
845.763
1,866,352
589,581
1,808,725
2,216,067
2,709,613
3.015,071
2,834,079
29,408
3.597,070
5,608
4,284.885
4,033,950
81,740
9,522
2,63(1
4,442,035
4,449,053
307.306
10,487
707
4,911.017
4,848.334
133,825
151,809
55.97
44.03
54.96
42.39
2.65
50.83
49.17
46.82
52.89
.3!)
49.55
48.14
2.31
47.36
42.50
10.14
51.03
43.99
4.98
45.34
33.09
21.57
29.40
38.08
39.91
12.61
41.94
55.06
47.33
52.67
43.83
.45
55.63
.09
50.94
47.95
.97
.11
.03
48.23
48.31
3.34
.11
.01
48.89
48.27
1.3S
1.51
178
83
219
49
11
170
73
26
14
11
60
234
'"iio
105
'"163
107
"'254
42
":174
114
8
12
72
180
311
21
216
80
214
*6ti
'"292
"'184
185
Cleveland
Harrison
Streeter
Fisk
Democrat. .
Republican
Union Lab.
Prohibition
United Lab
Democrat..
Republican
Prohibition
People's —
Socialist....
Republican
Democrat..
5,540,050
5,444,337
146,897
250,125
2,808
5,554,414
5,190,802
271,058
1,027,329
21,164
7,035,638
6,'467,946
141.676
13,969
36,454
131,529
7,219.530
6,358,071
209.166
50,232
94,76b
32,751
518
5,098
7,628,834
5,084,491
259,257
.402,460
114,753
33,724
830
7,679,006
6,409.106
252,683
420,820
28,131
83,562
13,825
461
6,286.214
4,126.020
3,483,922
897,011
208,923
29,079
9,129,606
8,538,221
220,506
685,113
13,403
41,894
48.66
47.82
1.29
2.20
.03
46.04
43.02
2.24
8.51
.19
50.88
46.77
1.03
.10
.27
.95
51.69
45.51
1.49
.37
.67
.23
.00
.04
56.41
37.60
1.91
2.98
.85
.25
.00
51.58
43.05
1.69
2.83
.19
.56
.10
.00
41.82
27.15
23.17
6.97
1.39
.20
49.28
46.07
1.19
3.16
.07
.2c
168
233
'"277
145
""22
'"27i
176
'"292
155
""336
140
Jackson
Clay
Floyd
win
Cowdrey
Cleveland....
Harrison
Bidwell .. .
Van Buren....
Harrison
White
Webster
Mangiim
Van Buren..,.
Harrison
Wing
McKinley
Bryan ,
Levering
Bentley
Matchett
Palmer
McKinley
Bryan
Woolley
Barker
Debs
Malloney
Leonard
Ellis
Prohibition
National...
Soc. Labor..
Sat. Dem...
Republican.
Democrat . .
Prohibition
People's —
3oc. Dem... .
Soc. Lab....
United Chr.
JnionR....
Republican
democrat . .
Jrohibition
Socialist....
^eople's....
Soc. Lab....
Continental
lepublican
)emocrat...
Jrohibition
Socialist....
Polk
Clay
Birney
Taylor
Cass
Van Buren....
Pierce
Scott
Hale
Buchanan
Fremont,
Fillmore ,.
Douglas
Breckinridge.
Lincoln -
Bell
McClellan
Lincoln
Roosevelt
Parker ,.
Swallow
Debs
Watson
Dorregan
Holcomb
Taft
"'32'i
162
Seymour.
Bryan
Chafin
Debs... ,..
Greeley
O'Conor.....;..
'euple's —
nd'p'nd'ce.
Hisgen
Black
Gillhaus
"*435
88
8
Tilden
1'urney
Jntd. Chr..
)emocrat.. .
'regressive
lepublican
Socialist....
Prohibition
Soc. Lab
democrat. . .
lepublican.
'rohibitiou.
iocialist. . . .
Boc.-Labor. .
'regressive
Roosevelt
Taft
Smith
"'155
214
Walker
Hancock
G-arfield
Debs
Chafln
Keimer
Wilson
Weaver
277
254
'"2l"9
182!
Hughes
Phelps
Hanly
Cleveland —
Blaine
Benson
Reimer
Butler
St. John
i
•Owing to the death of Mr. Greeley, the 66 electoral votes were variously cast. Thomas A. Hen,
dricks received 42, B. Gratz Brown 18. Horace Greeley 3, Charles J . Jenkins 2, David Davisl.
PARTY PLURALITIES AND TOTAL VOTE.
, Plurality. ^
Sear. Republican. Democratic. Total vote.
1828... 138,134
1832 157,313
1836 24,893
1840 146,315*
1844
1848 139,557*
1852
1856
1860 491,195
1864 407,342
1868 305,458
1872 762,991
1876
1880 7,018
1884
1888
1892
1896 567,692
1900 861,459
1904 2.544.343
1908 1.269.900
1912
1916
38,175
220,796
496,905
250,935
95,713
363,612
2,160,194
591,385
1,156.328
1,260,799
1,498,205
2,410,778
2,698,611
2,871,928
3,138,301
4,053,967
4,676,863
4,024,792
6,724.684
6,466,165
8,412.733
9,209,588
10,044.985
11,384,216
12,064,767
13,827,212
13,970,134
13.524.349
114,887,594
15.031,169
18,528.743
•Whig, tlncludes 461 votes cast for united Chris-
tian party.
THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.
Following Is the electoral vote of the states,
based upon the apportionment of representatives,
made by congress under the census of 1910:
State. Vote.
Alabama 12
Arizona 3
Arkansas 9
California 13
Colorado 6
Connecticut 7
Delaware 3
Florida 6
Georgia 14
Idaho 4
Illinois 29
Indiana 15
Iowa 13
Kansas 10
Kentucky 13
Louisiana 10
Maine 6
Maryland 8
Massachusetts 18
Michigan 15
Minnesota 12
Mississippi 10
Missouri 18
Montana 4
Nebraska 8
Nevada 3
State. Vote.
New Hampshire .... 4
New Jersey 14
New Mexico 3
New York 45
North Carolina 12
North Dakota 6
Ohio 24
Oklahoma 10
Oregon 5
Pennsylvania 38
Rhode Island 5
South Carolina 9
South Dakota 5
Tennessee 12
Texas 20
Utah 4
Vermont 4
Virginia 12
Washington 7
West Virginia 8
Wisconsin 13
Wyoming 3
Total _. 531
Necessary to choice. .266
210
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.
Secretary of state.
Secy, of treasury, f Secretary of war.
•George Washington
•John Adams
.1789
.1789
T. Jefferson 1789
E.Randolph. 1794
T. Pickering 1795
Alex. Hamilton. .1789
Oliver Wolcott.,1795
Henry Knox...l789
T. Pickering... 1795
Jas. M«,Uanr.y..l796
17T;
T. Pickering 1797
John Marshall... 1800
Oliver Wolcott.. .179;
Jas. McHenry.,1797
John Marshall. 1800
Sam'l Dexter .1800
R. Grlswold....l801
1797
Samuel Dexter . .1801
.1801
1801
James Madison. .1801
Samuel Dexter . .1801
Albert Gallatin. .1801
H. Dearborn.. .1801
•George Clinton
ISIIo
•James Madison
18U!
180
Robert Smith. . . .1809
J ames Monroe.. .1811
Albert Gallatin. .1809
G. W. Campbell. .1814
Wm. Eustis....l809
J. Armstrong. .1813
James Monroe. 1814
W.H.Crawford 1815
IRIi
A. J.Dallas 1814
W. H. Crawford. 1816
M ames Monroe
•Daniel D. Tompkins .'
.1817
1817
J. Q. Adams .1817
W.H. Crawford,18l7
Isaac Shelby... 1817
Geo. Graham.. 1817
J. C. Calhoun. .1S17
John Q. Adams
•John C. Calhoun
.182o
1825
Henry Clay 1825
Richard Rush.... 1825
Jas. Barbour...l825
Peter B.Porter.1828
•Andrew Jackson
(John C. Calhoun
.1829
.183
IS'fl
M. Van Buren... .1829
E.Livingston.... 1831
Louis McLane... .1833
John Forsyth....l834
Sam. D. Ingham.1829
Louis McLane. . . .1831
W. J. Duane 1833
John H.Eaton. 1829
Lewis Cass 1831
B.F.Butler. ...1837
Roger B. Taney..iaS3
Levi Woodbury.,1834
Richard M. Johnson
.183i
IHSi
John Forsyth....l837
Levi Woodbury.,1837
Joel R.Poinsettl83t
tWilliam H. Harrison
John Tyler
1841
1841
Daniel Webster.,1841
Thos. Ewlng 1841
John Bell 1841
.184]
Daniel Webster.,1841
Hugh S. Legare..l843
Abel P.Upshur..l843
John C. Calhoun.1844
Thos. Ewing 1841
Walter Forward. 1841
John C. Spencer..l843
Geo.M. Bibb 1844
John Bell 1841
John McLean.. 1841
J.C. Spencer.. .1841
Jas.M. Porter.. 1843
Wm. Wilkins..l844
James K. Polk
George M. Dallas
184:
184ft
JamesBuchananl845
Robt. J. Walker.1845
Wm. L.Marcy.1846
tZachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore
184!
,1841
John M. Clay tou.1849
Wm.M.Meredithl849
G.W. Crawf ord.1849
.185(
Daniel Webster..l850
Edward Everett.,1852
Thomas Corwiri.. 1850
C.M.Conrad... 1850
Franklin Pierce
tWilliam R. King
.1868
law
W.L.Marcy 1853
James Gu time... 1863
Jefferson Davis 1853
John C. Breckinridge
18t)7
.1867
Lewis Cass 1857
J. S. Black 1860
Howell Cobb 1857
Philip F.Thomas.1800
John A. Dix 1861
John B. Floyd.. 1851
Joseph Holt.. ..1861
*t Abraham Lincoln
1801
1861
1865
W.H.Seward....l861
Salmon P. Chase.186'1
S. Cameron 1861
E.M. Stantoa.,1863
Hugh McCulloch.1865
Andrew Johnson
1865
W.H.8e ward.... 1865
HnghMcCuUoch.1866
E. M. Stanton.,1865
U.S. Grant 1867
L. Thomas 186S
J.M. Schofleld.1808
•Ulysses S. Grant
It**
ISti'l
E. B.Washburne.1869
Hamilton Fish.. .1869
Geo. S. Boutweil. 1869
W.A.Richardson.1873
Benj. H.Bristow.1874
Lot M. Morrill. . .1876
J. A. Rawlins.,1869
W.T.Sherman. 1869
W.W. Belknap.lSO'J
AlphonsoTaft.l87(i
J. D. Cameron. 187ti
187H
Rutherford B. Hayes
William A. Wheeler
18VY
1877
W. M.Kvarts....l877
John Sherman. . .1877
G. W. McCrary.1877
Alex. Ramsey.. 1879
tJames A. Garfleld
Chester A. Arthur
1881
1SK1
James G. Blaine.l8sl
Wm. Windom... .1881
R. T. Lincoln. .1881
Chester A. Arthur
1^
6\ T. Frelinghuy-
'sen 1881
Chas. J. Folg«r...l881
W.Q. Gresham.,1884
HughMcCulloch.1884
R.T.Lincoln... 188]
tThos. A Hendricks
188o
188&
Thos. F. Bayard.1885
Daniel Manning. 1885
Chas.S.Fairchild.1887
W. C. Endicott.1885
Benjamin Harrison
Levi P. Morton
055
INS9
James G. Blaine.ls89 Wm. Windom 1889
John W. Foster.. 1892 Charles Foster.. .189]
H. Proctor ias9
S. B. Elkins....lS91
G rover Cleveland
Adlai E. Stevenson
Gjitt
IS9U
W. Q. Greshain.. 1893 John G. Carlisle..l893
Richard Olney. . .1S95|
D. S. Lamont...l893
•tWiUiam McKinley
IS9<I
1897
1SXII
Wm. R. Day 1897
John Hay 189S
Lyman J. Gage ..1897
R. A. Alger.....l897
Elihu Root 1899
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
r.»,n
1905
John Hayt 1901
ElihuRoot 1905
Robert Bacon.. . . 1909
Lyman J. Gage.. 1901
Leslie M. Shaw.. 1902
G. B. Cortelyou. .1907
Elihu Iloot 1901
Wm. H. Taft... 1904
Luke E.Wrightl908
William H. Taft
tJames 8. Sherman
1909
191)9
P. C. Knox 1909
F.MacVeagh 1909
J.M.Dickinson. 1909
H.L.Stimson..l911
*Woodrow Wilson
•Thomas R.Marshall
19 ill
1913
Wm.J. Bryan.. .,1913
Robert Lansing.,1915
W.O.McAdoo...l913
L. M. Garrison. 1913
N. D. Baker.... 1916
•Elected two consecutive terms. J-Died while in office. ^Resigned.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
211
PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS.— CONTINUED.
Secretary of navy.
Secretary of interior.*
I'ostmaster-tjeneral.t
Attorney-general .
Sec. agriculture.!
Samuel Osgood — 1789
Timothy Pickeringl791
los. Habersham. ...1795
E.Randolph 1789
Wm. Bradford.. .1794
Charles .Lee 1795
Benj. Stoddert 1798
Jos. Habersham. . . .1797
Charles Lee 1797
Theo. Parsons... 1801
Benj. Stoddert 1801
Robert Smith 1801
Jos. Habersham.. .1801
Gideon Granger... 1801
Lev! Lincoln 1801
Robt. Smith 1805
John Breck-
inridge 1805
J. Crowninshield...l805
C.A. Rodney..... 1807
Paul Hamilton ....1809
William Jones 1813
B.W.Crowninshleld.'14
Gideon Granger... 180!t
R.J.Meigs,Jr 1814
C.A.Rodney 1809
Wm. Pinckney...l811
William Rush.. ..1814
B.W.Crowninshield.'17
Smith Thompson. .1818
S. L. Southard 1823
R. J.Meigs, Jr 1817
John McLean 1823
William Rush... .1817
William Wirt.... 1817
8. L. Southard 182f
lohn McLean 1825
William Wirt. ...1826
Wm. T.Barry 1829
Amos Kendall 1835
John M. Berrien.1829
Roger B.Taney.. 1831
B. F.Butler 1833
LevlWoodbury....l831
Mablon Dickerson.1834
Mahlon Dickerson.1837
Amos Kendall .... 1837
JohnM.Niles 1840
B.F.Butler 1837
Felix Grundy. ...1838
H. D. Gilpin 1840
George E. Badger.. 1841
Francis Granger. ..1841
J. J. Crittenden.1841
George B. Badger.. 1841
AbelP.Upshur.. .1841
David Hensliaw...l84;
Thomas W.Gilmer.l84<
John Y. Mason. ...1844
Francis Granger... 1841
C.A. Wlcklifle 1841
J. J. Crittenden.1841
Hugh S. Legare. .1841
John Nelson 1843
George Bancroft... 1846
John Y.Masor ...184e
Cave Johnson 1845
John Y. Mason.. 1845
Nathan Clifford.. 184(
Isaac Toucey 1848
William B.Preston. 184«
Thomas Ewtng 1849
Jacob Collamer 1849
Reverdy Johnsonl84!
William A.Graham.'50
John P. Kennedy.. 1862
Thomas A.Pearce..l850
T. M. T. McKernonl850
A. H. H. Stuart. . . .I860
Nathan K. Hall.. ..I860
Sam D. 1 lubbard. . .1852
J. J. Crittenden.,1850
James C. Dobbin. ..1858
Robt. McClelland. .1853
James Campbell. . .1853
Caleb Gushing... 1853
Isaac Toucey 1857
Jacob Thompson. .1857
Aaron V. Brown. .1857
Joseph Holt 1859
J.S. Black 1857
Edw. M. Stanton.lStiO
Gideon Welles 1861
Caleb B. Smith 1861
John P. Usher 1863
Montgomery Blair.1861
William Dennison.1864
Edward Bates... 1861
Titian J. Coffey. . 1863
James Speed 1864
Gideou Welles 1866
John P. Usher 1865
lames Harlan lSu>
O. H. Browning. . . .1866
William Dennlson.1865
A. W. Randall 1866
James Speed 1865
Henry S tanbery . 186b
Wm. M. Evarts.. .1868
Adolph E.Borie...l869
Qeorge M.RobesonlSti!)
Jacob D. Cox 18t>'J
3olumbus Delano..l870i
/ach Chandler 1875
J. A. J. Creswell...l869
Jas. W.Marshall... 1874
Marshall Jewell. ..1874
James N. Tyner...l876
E. R. Hoar 1869
A. T. Ackerman.,1870
Geo.H. Williams. 1871
Kdw. Pierrepont.1876
Alphonso Taf t.. . 1876
R. W Thompson.. 1»77
Nathan Goff. Jr.... 1881
Carl Schurz 1877
David M. Key 1877
Horace Maynard..l88(
Chas.De vens 1877
W. H.Hunt 1881
S. J. Klrkwood 1881
T. L. James 1881
W. Mac Veagh.... 1881
W. E. Chandler. . . .1881
Henry M.TeUer. ... 1881
T.O.Howe 1881
W.Q.Gresham 1883
Frank Hatton 1884
B. H. Brewster.. .1881
W. C. Whitney 1886
L. Q. C. Lamar 1885
Wm. V. Vilas 1888
Wm. F. Vilas 1885
D.M.Dickinson 1888
A.H. Garland.... 1885
N. J. Colman.1889
Benj. F.Tracy 1889
John W. Noble 1889
J. Wanamaker..-...1889
W.H.H. Miller.. 1889
J.M. Rusk ..1889
Hilary A. Herbertl893
Hoke Smith 1893
D. R. Francis 1896
W. 8. Bissell 1893
W. L,. Wilson 1895
R. Olney 1898
J. Harmon 1895
J. S. Morton.1893
John D.Long 189'{
C. N. Bliss 1897
E. A.Hitchcock 1899
James A.Gary 1891
Chas.E. Smith 1898
J.McKenna 1897
J. W. Grlggs 1897
P. C. Knox 1901
J. Wilson 1897
John D. Long 1901
Wm.L.MoiAly.....l902
Paul Morton 1904
E.A.Hitchcock 1901
J. R. Garfleld 1907
Chas.E. Smith 1901
Henry C.l'ayne 1902
Robt. J.Wynne 1904
G.B.Cortelyou 1!IO">
a. v. ti. Meyer 1907
1J.C. Knox 1901
W.H. Moody 1904
C. J.Bonaparte.. .1907
J.Wilson 1901
C.J. Bonaparte.... 1905
Victor H. Metcalf.1907
T. 11. Newberry. . .1908
G. von Ij. Meyer... 1909
R. A. Ball inger.... 1909
W.L. Fisher 1911
F. H. Hitchcock.... 1909
G.W.Wickersh'ml90i>
J.Wilson 1909
Josephus Daniels.1913
F. K.Lane 1913
A. S. Burleson 1913
J.C.McReynolds.lSlb
Thos.W.Gregory.1914
D.F.Houston.1913
Secretary of commerce and labor (department established Feb. 14. 1H03)— George B. Cortelyou.
190S; Victor H. Metcalf, W04-l!HXi; Oscar S. Straus, 1907-1909; Charles Nagel, 1909. Secretary of Commerce,
Wm. C. Kedfleld. 1913. Secretary of labor (dept. established March 4, 1913)— William B. Wilson, 1913.
»This department was established by an act of congress March 3,1849. fNot a cabinet officer until
M29. ^Established Feb. 11,1889.
212
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
HISTORICAL DATA AS TO STATES AND TERRITORIES.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Admitted to
the union.
Popula-
tion,
1910.
Area.
Sq.M.
Settled at.
Date
By whom.
Kep.
in
cong.
Elec-
toral
vote.
Alabama
Alaska Territory
Dec. 14,1819'..
tJuly27, 1868..
June 20, 1910..
June 15, 1836..
Sept. 9, 1850..
Aug. 1, 1876...
•Jan. '.1, 1788...
•Dec. 7,1787...
tJuly 16, 1790..
March 3, 1845.
*J an. 2. 1788...
•TAug. 12, 1898.
t April 30, 1900.
JulyS, 1890...
Dec. 3, 1818...
Dec. 11, 1816..
March 3, 1845.
Jan. 29, 1861..
Feb. 4, 1792. . .
Aprils, 1812..
March 3, 1820.
*April28,1788.
*Feb. 6,1788. .
Jan. 26, 1887.
May 11, 1858..
Dec. 10, 1817. .
March 2, 1821.
Nov. 8, 1889...
March 1, 1867.
"Oct. 13, 1864...
*June21,1788.
•Dec. 18, 1787. .
June 20, 1910..
•July 26, 1788..
•Nov. 21, 1789..
Nov. 2. 1889...
Nov. 29, 1802..
Nov. 16, 1907..
Feb. 14, 1859..
•Dec. 12, 1787..
**Nov. 28, 181(8.
IT Aug. 12, 1898.
'May 29, 1790..
'May 23. 1788..
Nov. 2, 1889...
June 1,1196...
Dec. 29, 1845..
Jan. 1. 1896
2,138.093
64,356
204,854
1.574,449
2,377,549
799024
1,114.756
202,322
3:51. 069
752,619
2,609.121
9,000
191.909
325.594
5,638.591
•.',700,876
2,224,771
1.690,949
2.289.905
1,056,888
742,871
1.295,346
3,366,413
2,810,173
2,075,708
1.797,114
3,293,335
376,053
1,192.214
81,875
4130,572
2,537,167
327,801
9,113.614
2,206,287
577,056
4.767.121
1,057,155
672,765
7.665,111
7,635.421;
1,118,012
542,610
1,515,400
583,888
2,184,789
3,896,542
378,351
355,956
2,001,612
1.141,990
1,221,119
2,333.860
145,531
51,998
590.884
113,956
53,335
158.297
103.948
4,965
2,370
70
58,666
59.265
150
6,449
83,888
66,655
30,354
56,147
82,158
40.598
48.506
33,040
12,327
8,266
57,980
84,082
46,865
69,420
140,997
77,520
110,090
9,341
8,224
122.034
49,204
52,426
70,837
41,040
70,057
90,699
45,126
114,000
3,435
1,248
30,989
77.615
42,022
265.896
84,990
9,564
42,627
69,127
24,170
50.066
97,914
Mobile
1702
1801
1580
Ib85
1769
1858
1685
1027
1660
1565
1733
10
5
7
11
4
5
1
13
3
9
13
6
7
3
Sitka
Tucson
Russians
Spaniards ....
Ark'nsasPost
San Diego —
Near Denver.
Windsor
C.Henlopen..
California
Colorado . ..."
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Spaniards.. ..
Americans....
Puritans
English ....
Florid a
Georgia
St. Augustine
Savannah....
Spaniards....
English
4
12
6
14
+1
Idaho
Illinois.....
Indiana
Cceurd'Alene
Kaskaskia....
Vincennes....
Burlington...
1842
1720
1780
1788
1831
1765
1699
1624
1034
1620
1650
1805
1716
1764
1809
1847
1850
1623
1620
1537
1614
1650
1780
1788
1889
1810
1682
1570
1510
1636
1670
1856
1757
1686
1847
1764
1607
1811
1774
1670
1834
Americans;...
French
T2
27
13
11
8
11
8
4
6
16
13
10
8
16
2
6
1
2
12
43
10
3
22
8
3
36
29
15
13
10
13
10
6
8
18
15
12
10
18
4
8
8
4
14
3
45
12
5
24
10
5
38
Americans....
From Va
Kentucky
Lexington. ...
Iberville
Bristol
St. Mary's
Plymouth....
Near Detroit.
St. Peter's R..
Natchez
St. Louis
Beiievue..!!!'.
Genoa
Maine
English
Massachusetts
Puritans
Americans....
FromS. C
Mississippi
Montana
Americans —
Americans.. . .
Americans....
Puritans
Nevada
New J ersey
Santa Fe
Manhattan I.
Albemarie
Pembina
Marietta
Spaniards.. ..
Dutch
NewYork
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Philippines
English
Americans —
Americans
Americans....
English
Astoria
Delaware R..
Porto Kico
Spaniards....
English
s
7
3
10
18
2
2
10
5
6
11
1
""5
9
6
12
20
4
4
12
7
8
13
•
Rhode 1 sland
South Carolina
Providence...
Port Royal...
Sioux Falls...
Ft. Loudon...
Matagorda B.
Salt Lake City
Ft. Dummer..
Jamestown,..
Huguenots...
Americans...
English
South Dakota
Texas
Utah
Americans...
English
Vermont
Virginia „
Feb. 18. 1791..
•June 26, 1788..
Nov. 11. 1889..
Dec. 31, 1862..
May 29, 1848...
July 11, 1890..
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Americans....
English
French
Americans....
Wheeling
Green Bay....
Ft. Laramie. .
•Ratified the constitution. tOrganlzed as terri-
tory. JDelegate. IfSigning of protocol relinquish-
ing sovereignty. "Yielding sovereignty. Popula-
tion in 1903. ttCommissioner. ttAlso Portsmouth.
Historians do not all agree as to some of the
dates in ihe above table. The dates given are
from the statistical abstract of the t'nited States
published by the government and are well sup-
ported in all disputed cases.
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE.
Cong. Tears.
Name. Born. Died.
Cong
Years.
Name. Born. Died.
1
:1789-91
F. A. Muhlenberg (Pa.).
1750
1801
29....
.1845-47
J, W. Davis (Ind.)
1799
1850
2
.1791-93
J. Trumbull (Conn.)
1740
1809
30....
.1847-49
R. C. Winthrop (Mass) .
1809
1894
3
.1793-95
F. A. Muhlenberg (Pa.).
1750
1801
31
.1849-51
Howell Cobb •( Ga. )
1815
1868
4-5 .
.1795-99
Jonathan Dayton (N. J. )
1760
1824
32-33.
1851-55
Linn Boyd (Ky )
1800
1S59
6
.1799-01
Theo. Sedgwick (Mass.).
1746
1813
34....
.1856-57
N. P. Banks (Mass.)
1816
1894
7-9...
.1801-07
Nathaniel Macon (N. C.).
1757
1837
35....
.1857-59
James L. Orr (S. C.)...
1822
1873
10-11.
.1807-11
J. B. Varnum (Mass.)...
1750
1821
36....
.1860-61
W. Pennington (N. J.)...
.1796
1862
12-13.
1811-14
Henry Clay (Ky.)
1777
1852
37
.1861-63
G. A. Grow (Pa.)
1823
1907
13 ....
.1814-15
Langdon Cheves (S. C. ).
1776
1857
38-40.
.1863-69
S Colfax (Ind.)
1823
1885
14-16.
.1815-20
Henry Clay (Ky. )
1777
1852
41-43.
.1869-75
J. G. Blaine (Me.)
.1830
1893
16...
.1820-21
J. W. Taylor (N. Y.)
.1784
1854
44
.1875-76
M. C. Kerr (Ind.)
1827
1876
17. ...
.1821-23
P. P. Harbour (Va.)
.1783
1841
44-46.
.1876-81
S. J. Randall (Pa.)
.1828
1890
18 .
1823-25
Henry Clay (Ky )
1777
1852
47
.1881-83
J W. Koifer (O.)
1836
19...
.1825-27
J. W. Taylor (N. T.)...
.1784
1854
48-50.
.1883-89
J. G. Carlisle (Ky.)....
1835
1910
20-23.
.1827-34
A. Stevenson (Va.)
.1784
1857
51....
.1889-91
Thomas B. Reed (Me.)...
.1839
1902
23....
.1834-35
John Bell (Tenn. )
1797
1869
52-53.
.1891-95
C. F. Crisp (Ga.)
.1845
1896
24-25
.1835-39
James K. Polk (Tenn.).
.1795
1849
54-55.
.1895-99
Thomas B. Reed (Me.)..
1839
1902
26...
.1839-41
R. M. T. Hunter (Va.)...
.1809
1887
56-57.
.1899-03
D. B. Henderson (Iowa)
.1840
1906
27..
1841-43
John White (Ky )
1805
1845
58-61.
.1903-11
J. G. Cannon. (111.)
.1836
• • • •
28...
.1843-45
J. W. Jones (Va.)
.1805
1848
62-63.
.1911-17
Cfiamp Clark (Mo.)
1850
....
ALMANAC AND YEAR,BOOK FOR 1919.
213
APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES.
[From census bureau report.]
The apportionment of representatives in con-
gress, under the first six censuses— 1790 to 1840,
inclusive — was um<le by congress, each by a sep-
arate act. The law for taking the census of 1850,
which was intended to be permanent, presented
a rule of apportionment, fixed the number of
members of the house at 233 and directed the
secretary of the interior thereafter to make the
apportionment. The apportionment of 1860 was
also made under this law, but congress, on March
4, 1862, fixed the total number of representatives
at 241, and the secretary of the interior appor-
tioned the new quotas to the states. The appor-
tionments from and after the census of 1870 were
made by congress, each by a separate act, hence
it may be assumed that the power conferred on
the secretary of the interior by the act of May
23, 1850, was repealed by implication. The fol-
lowing shows the dates of the apportionment acts
aud the ratio of population to each representative:
Census. Date. Ratio.
1910— Aug. 8, 1911 '...,...211877
1900— Jan. 16, 1901 , 194,182
1890— Feb. 7, 1891 173,901
1880— Feb. . 25, 1882 '. . .151,911
1870— Feb. '2, 1872 131,425
1860— May 23, 1850 127,381
1850— May 23. 1850 93,423
1840— June 25, 1842 70,680
1830— May 22, 1832 47.700
1820— May 7, 1822 -. 40,000
1810— Dec. 21, 1811.
35 000
1800— Jan." 14,' 1802. .............. ..... ..... 33,000
1790— April 14. 1792 33,000
....—Constitution. 1789 30,000
REPRESENTATIVES UNDER EACH APPORTIONMENT.
STATE.
1910.
1900.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1850.
1840
1830.
1820
1810
1800
1790
1789
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
10
•1
9
9
6
8
5
8
4
6
3
7
2
1
5
*1
3
•1
I
Delaware
Florida
5
1
4
3
5
8
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
*1
2
3
1
2
1
1
*2
1
n
6
6
7
2
7
7
I
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
12
2
27
13
11
1
25
13
11
22
13
10
*1
20
13
9
19
13
7
14
11
8
9
11
8
7
10
9
3
7
7
3
6
•1
*1
4
2
3
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
11
8
11
8
11
8
11
11
8
11
6
11
7
11
6
9
3
10
6
6
1
9
5
2
10
4
*2
10
4
13
3
12
3
10
6
2
Maryland
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
8
9
9
9
8
6
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
13
10
8
16
12
9
8
16
12
7
7
15
11
6
7
14
9
3
6
13
6
5
9
*2
5
7
3
4
5
2
2
1
*1
Nevada
New Hampshire
2
6
1
2
1
6
3
-1
6
*l
*1
3
2
1
1
3
*1
3
3
4
5
6
6
5
4
3
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
43
37
34
34
33
31
33
34
40
34
27
17
10
6
North Dakota
Ohio
3
22
2
21
21
*1
21
20
19
21
21
19
14
6
*1
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
3
:;•;
2
32
2
30
28
27
1
24
*1
25
24
28
26
23
18
13
8
South Carolina
South Dakota
3
2
2
»2
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
10
18
10
16
10
13
10
U
10
6
8
4
10
2
11
*2
is
9
6
3
»1
Virginia
2
2
2
2-
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
4
2
West Virginia
Wisconsin
6
f>
11
3
5
11
2
4
10
4
9
3
8
6
3
*2
Wyoming
Total...,
Added-
1
433
2
1
386
5
1
356
1
*1
325
7
292
1
241
2
""3
223
9
240
2
213
181
5
141
105
65
•Assigned to new states
apportionment.
after apportionment. Included in table, but not in total under
MAIL SERVICE BY AEROPLANE.
The first regular air mail service in the
United States was begun May 15, 1918, be-
tween Washington, Philadelphia and New York.
Three of four machines used delivered safely
and on time the mail intrusted to their care.
One that left Washington in the presence of
President and Mrs. Wilson and other officials
was forced to land in Maryland on account of
a broken propeller. The distance from New
Yprk to Philadelphia was made in 1 hour 30
minutes, and from Philadelphia to Washington
in 1 hour 45 minutes, <jr 3 hours and 15 min-
utes from New York to Washington. More
than 5,000 letters were carried, on which post-
age at the rate of 24 cents an ounce or frac-
tion thereof was paid. The postoffice depart-
ment had a special red. white and blue 24-
cent stamp prepared for the service.
214
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.
REQUIREMENTS
Residence re-
c
o
FOR VOTEHS IN THE
quired before
VARIOUS STATES
election day.
§jj
Excluded from
AND IN ALASKA.
Stite] Co.
Tn. jPrct
«w
voting.
ALABAMA— Citizens of good char-
acter and understanding; aliens
who have declared intention;
must show poll-tax receipt.
>y.
iy.
3mKm
Yes.
If convicted of treason, embezzlement of public
funds, malfeasance in office or other peniten-
tiary offenses, idiots or insane.
JiASKA— Citizens, male and fe-
male.
iy.
...
130 d
ARIZONA— Male and female citi-
zens of the United States.
ARKANSAS— Like Alabama, ex-
cept as to "good character."
CALIFORNIA-Citizens. male and
female; naturalized for 90 days,
iy.
iy.
30 d
6m
90 d
30d
30 d
130 d
30 d
30d
Yes.
No.
Yes
Persons under guardianship, non compos mentis,
insane or convicted of treason or felony.
Idiots, insane, convicts until pardoned, nonpay-
ment of poll tax.
Chinese, insane, embezzlers of public moneys,
convicts.
or treaty of Oueretaro.
COLORADO -Citizens.male and fe-
male; aliens who declared inten-
iy
90d
:30d
IOd
Yes
Persons under guardianship. Insane, Idiots, pris-
oners convicted of bribery.
tion 4 months before election.
CONNECTICUT — Citizens who
iy.
....
6m ...
Yes
Convicted of felony or other infamous crime
can read English.
L
unless pardoned.
DELAWARE— Citizens paying $1
iy.
.3m
....|30d
No.
Insane, idiots, felons, paupers.
registration fee.
FLORIDA— Citizens of the U. S.
iy.
6m
...
30 d
Yes
Persons not registered, insane, convicts.
GEORGIA — Citizens who can read
1 V
6 m
and have paid all taxes since 1877.
IDAHO — Citizens, male and fe-
A J •
6m
30 d
im
IOd
Yes.
prisonment. insane, delinquent taxpayers.
Chinese, Indians, insane, felons, polygamists,
male.
bigamists, traitors, bribers.
ILL1N OIS— Citizens, male and fe-
iy.
90d
30d
30 d
Yes.
Convicts of penitentiary until pardoned.
male (restricted), of the U. S.
INDIANA — Citizens; aliens who
have declared intention and re-
6m
60 d
Wd
30 d
No.
Convicts and persons disqualified by judgment
of a court, United States soldiers, marines and
sided 1 year in United States.
sailors.
IOWA— Citizens of United States.
fim
60 d
Od
IOd
(b)
Idiots, insane, convicts.
KANSAS — Citizens; aliens who
6m
30 d
30d
IOd
(6)
[nsane, persons under guardianship, convicts.
have declared intention; women
bribers, defrauders of the government and per-
vote at general as well as school
sons dishonorably discharged from service of
elections.
United States.
KENTUCKY— Citizens of the U. S.
iy.
6m
Bd
fld
(c)
Treason, felony, bribery, Idiots, insane.
LOUISIANA — Citizens who are
2y.
iy.
...
Jm
Yes.
[diots, insane, all crimes punishable by impris-
able to read and write, who own
onment, embezzling public funds unless par*
$300 worth of property or whose
i
doned.
father or grandfather was en-
titled to vote Jan. 1, 18«7.
Paupers, persons under guardianship, Indians
MAINE— Citizens of the U. S.
3m
3m
3m
3m
Yes.
not taxed.
MARYLAND— Citizens of United
ly.
6m
6m
Id.
Yes.
Persons convicted of larceny or other Infamous
States who can read.
MASSACHUSETTS-CItizenswho
can read and write English.
iy.
6m
6m
6m
Yes.
crime, persons under guardianship, insane, idiots.
Paupers (except United States soldiers), persons
under guardianship.
MICHIGAN— Citizens; aliens who
6m
20 d
20 d
20d
Yes.
Indians holding tribal relations, duelists and
declared intention prior to May
their abettftrs.
8, 1892.
MINNESOTA — Citizens of the
6m
:30d
30 d
30d
(d)
Treason, felony unless pardoned, Insane, persons
United States.
under guardianship, uncivilized Indians.
MISSISSIPPI — Citizens who can
iy.
iy.
iy.
iy.
Yes.
[nsane, idiots, felons, delinquent taxpayers.
read or understand the constitu-
tion of the state.
MISSOURI — Citizens, aliens who
iy.
<;od
iOd
60d
(*)
Paupers, persons convicted of felony or other
have declared intention not
infamous crime or misdemeanor or violating
less than 1 nor more than 5 years
right of suffrage, unless pardoned; second con-
before offering to vote.
viction disfranchises.
MONTANA— Citizens of United
iy.
30 d
iOd
30 d
Yes.
Indians, felons, idiots, insane.
States, male and female.
NEBRASKA— Citizens; alienswho
tim
40 d
IOd
IOd
(6)
liunatics. persoDS convicted of treason or felony.
have declared intention 80 days
unless pardoned, United States soldiers and
before election.
sailors.
NEVADA — Citizens of United
6 m
;od
30d
30d
Yes.
nsane. idiots, convicted of treason or felony, un-
States, male and female.
amnestied comederates against the United
States, Indians and Chinese.
NEW HAMPSHIRE-Citizens of
6m
6 m
im
; m
Yes.
'aupers (except honorably discharged soldiers),
United States.
NEW JERSEY— Citizens of Unit-
ed States.
iy.
5m
Yes.
persons excused from paying taxes at own request
?aupers, insane, idiots and persons convicted of
crimes which exclude them from being witness-
es, unless pardoned.
NEW MEXICO— Male citizens U.S.
i y
90d
30d
30d
Yes.
nsane. idiots, convicts and Indians not taxed.
NEW YORK — Male and female
iy.'
I mjlOd
iOd
Yes.
Convicted of bribery or any infamous crime, unless
citizens; 90 days
pardoned, betters on result of election, bribers
1
for votes and the bribed.
NORTH CAROLINA— Citizens of
2 y.
6m....
1m
Yes.
Idiots, lunatics, convicted of felony or other infa-
United States who can read.
mous crimes, atheists.
NORTH DAKOTA— Citizens; male
iy.
6m
90 d
(a)
Felons, idiots, convicts, unless pardoned. United
and female (restricted;; civil-
States soldiers and sailors.
ized Indians.
1
OHIO-CitizensoftheU. S.
iy.
iJOdfeOd
20 d
(fc)
Idiots, insane, United States soldiers and sailors,
OKLAHOMA — Citizens of the
felons, unless restored to citizenship.
United States and native Indians
iy.
6m|30d
30d
Felons, paupers, idiots and lunatics.
'(a) Registration required in some counties. (6) In I class, (d) Required in cities of 1 .200 inhabitants or
all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second and third | more, (e) In cities of 100.000 population or more.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
215
REQUIREMENTS
FOK VOTERS IN THE
VARIOUS STATES.
State Co. Tn. Prot
of 2y
of 2y
•OREGON — White male and fe-
male citizens; aliens who have
declared Intention 1 year before
election.
PENNSYLVANIA — Citizens
least 1 month, and if 22 years old
must have paid tax within 2 y rs.
RHODE ISLAND — Citizens
United States.
SOUTH CAROLINA— Citizens
'United States who can read.
SOUTH DAKOTA— Citizens; al-6m30d
tens who have declared intention
TENNESSEE— Citizens who have 1 y
paid poll tax preceding year.
TEXAS — Citizens; aliens whoiy.
have declared intention 0 months
before election.
UTAH— Citizens of United States iy.
male and female.
VERMONT -Citizens of United iy.
States.
VIRGINIA— Citizens U.S. of good 2y.
understanding who have paid
poll tax 3 yrs.and all ex-soldiers
WASHINGTON— Citizens of Unit- ly.
ed States, male and female.
WEST VIRGINIA — Citizens Of ly.
the state.
WISCONSIN— Citizens;alienswho ty
have declared intention.
WYOMING— Citizens.male and fe- iy
male.
Residence re-
quired before
election day
4 mini
OdlOd
60 d
90d30d
10 d
lOdiOd
10 d
m Yes.
GOd
3 m 3 m Yes.
30 d Yes.
30d
(c)
Yes.
(d)
(e)
No.
(a)
Yes
Excluded from
voting.
Idiots, insane, convicted felons, Chinese, United
States soldiers and sailors. •
Persons convicted of some offense forfeiting right
of suffrage, nontaxpayers.
Paupers, lunatics, idiots, convicted of bribery or in-
famous crime until restored.
Paupers, insane, idiots, convicted of treason, duel-
ing or other infamous crime.
Persons under guardian, idiots, insane, convicted
of treason or felony, unless pardoned
Convicted of bribery or other Infamous crime, fail-
ure to pay poll tax.
Idiots, lunatics, paupers, convicts, United States
soldiers and sailors.
Idiots, Insane, convicted of treason or violation of
election laws.
Unpardoned convicts, deserters from United States
service during the war, ex-confederates.
Idiots, lunatics, convicts, unless pardoned by the
legislature.
Indians not taxed.
Paupers, idiots, lunatics, convicts, bribers, United
States soldiers and sailors.
Insane, under guardian, convicts, unless pardoned.
Idiots, insane, felons, unable to read the state con-
stitution.
(a) In cities of 3,000
cities of not less than
ulation or over. (t>) In
(c) Non-
taxpayers must register yearly before Dec. 31. (d) In
.
inhabitants, (c)
towns having 1,000 voters and counties where reg-
istration has been adopted by popular vote, (e) All
counties having 50,000 inhabitants or over. (/) In
cities of 10.000 or over.
NOTES— The word "citizen" as used In above table
means citizen of the United States in all cases.
The residence requirement is continuous resi-
dence immediately prior to election day.
CITIZENSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES.,
All persons born or naturalized in the United
States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are
citizens of the United States and of the state
wherein they reside. (Fourteenth amendment to
tfle constitution.)
All persons born In the United States and not
subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians
not taxed, are declared to be citizens of the
United States. (Sec. 1992, U. S. Revised Statutes.)
All children heretofore born or hereafter born
out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United
States, whose fathers were or may be at the
time of their birth citizens thereof, are de-
clared to be citizens of the United States; but
the rights of citizenship shall not descend to
children whose fathers never resided in the
United States. (Sec. 1993, U. S. Revised Statutes.)
Any woman who is now or may hereafter be
married to a citizen of the United States and
who might herself be lawfully naturalized shall
be deemed a citizen. (Sec. 1995. U. S. Revised
Children born in the United States of alien
parents are citizens or the United States.
When any alien who has declared his inten-
tion to become a citizen of the United States
dies before he is actually naturalized the widow
and minor children of such alien may, by com-
plying with the other provisions of this act
(June 29, 1906), be naturalized without making any
declaration of intention. If a widow flies an
application for citizenship based on her hus-
band's declaration of intention, the children who
are under the age of 21 at the time she is nat-
uralized will be citizens through her naturaliza-
tion, but if the children are past the age of 21
and were born in a foreign country, it will be
necessary for them to file petitions for naturaliza-
tion in their own right, using their deceased
.'a tlier's declaration of intention, provided they
were under the age of 23. at the time of his
death.
Children of Chinese parents who are them-
selves aliens and incapable of becoming natural-
.zed are citizens of the United States.
Children born in che United States of persons
engaged in, the diplomatic service of foreign gov-
ernments are not citizens of the United States.
Children born of alien parents on a vessel of a
foreign country while within the waters of the
United States are not citizens of the United
States, but of the country to which the vessel
belongs.
Children born of alien parents in the United
States have the right to make an election of
nationality when they reach their majority.
Minors and children are citizens within the
meaning of the term as used In the constitution.
Deserters from the military or naval service
of the United States are liable to loss of citi-
zenship.
Any alien being a free white person, an alien
of African nativity or of African descent may
oecome an American citizen Dy complying with
the naturalization laws.
"Hereafter no state court or court of the
United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship:
and all laws in conflict with this act are re-
pealed." (Sec. 14, act of May 6, 1882.)
The courts have held that neither Chinese.
Japanese, Hawaiians, Burmese nor Indians can
UThe naturalization laws apply to women as
well as men. An alien woman who marries a
citizen native or naturalized, becomes a natnral-
ized citizen of the United States. „„,*..,
Aliens may become citizens of the Unltea
States by treaties with foreign powers, by con-
auest or by special acts of congress.
In an act approved March 2, 1907, it is provid-
ed that any American citizen shall have ex-
patriated himself when he has been naturalized
in any foreign state in conformity witt
laws, or when he has taken an oath of allegiance
°When any naturalized citizen shall have re-
sided for two years in tne rorelgn state from
which he came, or five years In any other for-
eign state, it shall be presumed that he has
ceased to be an American citizen, and the place
of his general abode shall be deemed his place
216
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
of residence during said years: Provided, how-
ever, that sucu presumption may be overcome on
the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a
diplomatic or consular officer of the United
States, under such rules and regulations as the
department of state may prescribe ; and pro-
vided also, that no American citizen shall be
allowed to expatriate himself when this country
is at war.
Any American woman who marries a foreigner
shall take the nationality of her husband. At
the termination of the marital relation she may
resume her American citizenship, If abroad, by
registering as an Ameriean citizen within one
year with a consul of the United States, or by
returning to reside in the United States, or, if
residing in the United States at the termination
of the marital relation, by continuing to reside
therein.
Any foreign woman who acquires American
citizenship by marriage to an American citizen
shall be assumed to retain the same after the
termination of the marital relation if she con-
tinue to reside In the United States, unless she
makes formal renunciation thereof before a court
having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens, or. If
she resides abroad, she may retain her citizen-
ship by registering as such before a United
States consul within one year after the termi-
nation of such marital relation.
A child born without the United States of
alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the
United States by virtue of the naturalization of
or resumption of American citizenship of the
parent: Provided, that such naturalization or re-
sumption takes place during the minority of such
child ; and provided further, that the citizen-
ship of such minor child shall begin at the time
sucn minor child begins to reside permanently
In the United States.
All children born outside the limits of the
United States, who are citizens thereof in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 1993 of
the Revised Statutes of the United States (see
above), and who continue to reside outside of
the United States, shall, in order to receive the
protection of the government, be required, upon
reaching the age of 18 years, to record at an
American consulate their Intention to become
residents and remain citizens of the United
States and shall further be required to take the
oath of allegiance to the United States upon at-
taining their majority.
Any alien of the age of 21 years and upward
who may, under existing law, become a citizen
of the United States, who has served or may
hereafter serve for one enlistment of not less
than four years in the United States navy, naval
auxiliary, marine corps or revenue cutter (coast
guard) service and received an honorable dis-
charge with recommendation for re-enlistment,
shall be admitted to become a citizen of the
United States upon his petition without pre-
vious declaration of intention to become such,
and without proof of residence on shore. (Act
of June 30, 1914.)
NATURALIZATION LAWS.
Approved June 29, 1906.
Exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens resi-
dent in their districts is conferred upon the
Mnited States Circuit and District courts and all
courts of record having a seal, a clerk and
jurisdiction in actions in law or equity or both
in which the amount in controversy is unlimited.
An alien may be admitted to citizenship In
the following manner and not otherwise:
1. He shall declare on oath before the clerk of
the proper court at least two years before his
admission, and after he has reached the age of
18 years, that it is bona fide his intention to
become a citizen of the United States and to re-
nounce allegiance to any foreign state or sov-
ereignty. Such declaration shall set forth the
same facts as are registered at the time of his
arrival.
2. Not less than two years nor more thnn seven
after he lias made such declaration he shall file
a petition, signed by himself and verified, in
which he shall state his name, place of resi-
dence, occupation, date and place of birth, place
from which he emigrated, name of the vessel on
which he arrived, the time when and the place
and name of the court where he declared his in-
tention of becoming a citizen; if he is married,
he shall state the name of his wife, the country
of her nativity and her place of residence at the
time the petition is filed, and if he has children,
the name, date and place of birth and place of
residence of each child living. The petition shall
also set forth that he is not a disbeliever in or
opposed to organized government or a member of
«ny body of persons opposed to organized gov-
ernment, and that he is not a polygamist or a
believer in polygamy; that he intends to become
a citizen of and to live permanently in the
United States, and every other fact material to
his naturalization and required to be proved upon
the final hearing of his application. The peti-
tion shall be verified by the affidavits of at least
two credible witnesses who are citizens. At the
time of the filing of the petition there shall be
also filed a certificate from the department of
commerce and laoor stating tne date, place and
manner of his arrival in tne United States and
the declaration of intention of such petitioner,
which certificate and declaration shall be at-
tached to and be a part or his petition.
3. He shall, before he is admitted to citizen-
ship, declare on oath in open court that he will
support the constitution of the United States,
and that he absolutely renounces all allegiance
to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sov-
ereignty.
4. It shall be made apparent to the satisfaction
of the court admitting any alien to citizenship
that immediately preceding the date of his ap-
plication he has resided continuously within the
United States five years at least, and within
the state or territory where such court is at
the time held one year at least, and that during
that time he has behaved as a man of good
moral character, attached to the principles of
the constitution. In addition to the oath of the
applicant, the testimony of at least two wit-
nesses, citizens of the United States, as to the
facts of residence, moral character and attach-
ment to the principles of the constitution shall
be required.
5. He must renounce any hereditary title or
order of nobility which he may possess.
6. When any alien who has declared his in-
tention dies before he is actually naturalized
the widow and minor children may, by comply-
ing with the other provisions of the act, be nat-
uralized without making any declaration of in-
tention.
Immediately after the filing of the petition the
clerk of the court shall give notice thereof by
posting in a public place the name, nativity and
residence of the alien, the date and place of his
arrival in the United States and the date for the
final hearing of his petition and the names of
tne witnesses wnom tee applicant expects to
summon in his behalf. Petitions for naturaliza-
tion may be filed at any time, but final action
thereon shall be had only on stated days and in
no case until at least ninety days have elapsed
after the filing of the petition. No person shall
be naturalized within thirty days preceding a
general election within the territorial jurisdic-
tion of the court.
No person who disbelieves in or who is op-
posed to organized government, or who is a
member of or affiliated with any organization
entertaining and teaching such disbelief in or
opposition to organized government, or who ad-
vocates or teaches the duty, necessity or pro-
priety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of
any officer or officers of the government of the
United States, or of any other organized gov-
ernment, because of his or their official charac-
ter, or who is a polygamist, shall be naturalized.
No alien Shall hereafter be naturalized or ad-
mitted as a citizen of the United States who
cannot speak the English language. This re-
ouirement does not apply to those physically
unable to comply with it, or to those making
homestead entries upon the public lands of the
United States.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
217
IMMIGRATION LAW.
Effective since May 1, 1917.
The word "alien" as used in the act Includes
any person not a native born or naturalized citi-
zen of the United States, but it does not in-
clude Indians of the United States not taxed or
citizens of the islands under the jurisdiction of
the United States. The term "United States"
means the United States and any waters, ter-
ritory or other place subject to the jurisdiction
thereof except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if
any alien shall leave the Canal Zone or any
insular possession and attempt to enter any
other place under the jurisdiction of the United
States he is not to be permitted to enter under
any other conditions than those applicable to
all aliens.
There shall be collected a tax of $8 for every
alien, including alien seamen regularly admit'-
' ted, entering the United States. Children under
16 accompanying father or mother are not sub-
ject to the tax. The tax shall not be levied
on aliens who enter after an uninterrupted res-
idence of at least one year preceding such en-
trance in Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba or Mex-
ico for a temporary stay, nor upon aliens in
transit, nor upon aliens who, having been law-
fully admitted, shall go from one part of the
United States to another, although through con-
tiguous foreign territory.
Excluded Aliens.
The following classes of aliens are excluded
from the United States: Idiots, imbeciles,
feeble minded, epileptics, insane persons; per-
sons who have had one or more attacks of in-
sanity previously; persona of constitutional
psychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic
alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; va-
grants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any
form or with a loathsome or dangerous conta-
gious disease; persons not comprehended within
any of the foregoing ex-eluded classes who are
found to be and are certified by the examining
surgeon as being mentally or physically defec-
tive, such physical defect being of a nature
which may affect the ability of such alien to
earn a living; persons who have been convicted
of or admit having committed a felony or other
crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpi-
tude ; polygamists, or persons who practice
polygamy or believe in or advocate the practice
of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe
in or advocate the overthrow by force or vio-
lence of the government of the United States
or of all forms of law, or who disbelieve In
or are opposed to organized government, or who
advocate the assassination of public officials, or
who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction
of property; persons who are members of or
affiliated with any organization entertaining and
teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized
government, or who advocate or teach the duty,
necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assault-
ing or killing of any officer or officers, either
of specific individuals or of officers generally,
of the government of the United States or of
any other organized government, because of his
or their official character, or who advocate or
teach the unlawful destruction of property:
prostitutes, or persons coming into the United
States for the purpose of prostitution or any
other immoral purpose; persons who directly or
indirectly procure or attempt to procure or im-
port prostitutes or persons for the purpose of
prostitution or any other immoral purpose;
persons who are supported by or receive in
whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution;
contract laborers, who have been induced or
assisted to migrate to this country by offers or
promises of employment, whether such offers
or promises are true or false, or in consequence
of agreements, oral, written or printed, express
or implied, to perform labor in this country
of any kind, skilled or unskilled; persons who
have come in consequence of advertisements foi-
laborers printed, published or distributed in a
foreign country; persons likely to become a
public charge; persons who have been deported
under any of the provisions of this act, and who
may again seek admission within one year from
the date of such deportation, unless prior to
their re-embarkation at a foreign port or their
attempt to be admitted from foreign contiguous
territory the secretary of labor shall have con-
sented to their reapplying for admission; per-
sons whose ticket or passage is paid for with
the money of another, or who are assisted by
others to come, unless it is satisfactorily shown
that such persons do not belong to one of the
foregoing excluded classes; persons whose ticket
or passage is paid for by any corporation, as-
sociation, society, municipality, or foreign gov-
ernment, either directly or indirectly; stow-
aways, except that any such stowaway, if other-
wise admissible, may be admitted at the dis-
cretion of the secretary of labor; all children
under 16 years of age unaccompanied by or not
coming to one or both of their parents, except
that any such children may, in the discretion
of the secretary of labor, be admitted if, in .his
opinion, they are not likely to become a public
charge and are otherwise eligible; unless other-
wise provided for by existing • treaties, persons
who are natives of islands not possessed by the
United States adjacent to the continent of Asiv
situate south of the 20th parallel latitude north,
west of the 160th meridian of longitude east of
Greenwich, and north of the 10th parallel lati-
tude south, or who are natives of any country,
province, or dependency situate on the 'continent
of Asia west of the 110th meridian of longitude
east from Greenwich and the 24th and 38ta
parallels of latitude north, and no alien now in
any way excluded from, or prevented from en-
tering, the United States shall be admitted to
the United States.
The provision next foregoing, however, shall
not apply to persons of the following status or
occupation: Government officers, ministers or
religious teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physi-
cians, chemists, civil engineers, teachers, stu-
dents, authors, artists, merchants, and travelers
for curiosity or pleasure, nor to tLeir legal
wives or their children under 16 years of age
who shall accompany them or who may subse-
quently apply for admission to the United
States, but such persons or their legal wives or
foreign born children who fail to maintain in
the United .States a status or occupation placing
them within the excepted classes shall be
deemed to be in the United States contrary to
law and shall be subject to deportation.
Literacy Test.
After three months from the passage of this
act, in addition to the aliens who are by law
now excluded from admission into the United
States, the following persons shall also be ex-
cluded from admission thereto, to wit:
All aliens over 16 years of age, physically
capable of reading, who cannot read the Eng-
lish language, or some other language or dia-
lect, including Hebrew or Yiddish: Provided,
that any admissible alien, or any alien here-
tofore or hereafter legally admitted, or any citi-
zen of the United States, may bring in or send
for his father or grandfather over 55 years of
age, his wife, his mother, his grandmother or
his unmarried or widowed daughter, if otherwise
admissible, whether such relative can read or
not; and such relative shall be permitted to
enter. That for the purpose of ascertaining
whether aliens can read the immigrant inspect-
ors shall be furnished with slips of uniform
size, prepared under the direction of the secre-
tary of labor, each containing not less than
thirty nor more than forty words in ordinary
use, printed in plainly legible type in some one
of the various languages or dialects of immi-
grants. Each alien may designate the particu-
lar language or dialect in which he desires the
examination to be made, and shall be required
to read the words printed on the slip in such
language or dialect. That the following classes
of persons shall be exempt from the operation
of the literacy test, to wit: All aliens who
218
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
shall prove to the satisfaction of the proper
immigration officer or to the secretary of labor
that they are seeking admission to the United
States to avoid religious persecution in the
country of their last permanent residence,
whether such persecution be evidenced by overt
acts or by laws or governmental regulations
that discriminate against the alien or the race
to which he belongs because of his religious
faith ; all aliens who have been lawfully ad-
mitted to the United States and who have re-
sided therein continuously for five years and
who return to the United States within six
months from the date of their departure there-
from; all aliens in transit through the United1
States; all aliens who have been lawfully admit-
ted to the United States and who later shall
go In transit from one part of the United States
to another through foreign contiguous territory:
Provided, that nothing in this act shall exclude,
if otherwise admissible, persons convicted, or
who admit the commission, or who teach or
advocate the commission, of an offense purely
political: Provided further, that the provisions
of tills act relating to the payments for tickets
or passage by any corporation, association, soci-
ety, municipality or foreign government shall
not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in
immediate and continuous transit through the
United States to foreign contiguous territory:
Provided further, that skilled labor, if otherwise
admissible, may be imported if labor of like
kind unemployed cannot be found in this coun-
try, and the question of the necessity of im-
porting such skilled labor in any particular in-
stance may be determined by the secretary of
labor upon the application of any person inter-
ested, such application to be made before such
Importation, and such determination by the sec-
retary of labor to be reached after a full hear-
ing and an investigation into the facts of the
case: Provided further, that the provisions of
this law applicable to contract labor shall not
be held to exclude professional actors, artists,
lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers of any reli-
gious denomination, professors for colleges or
seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized
learned profession, or persons employed as do-
mestic servants: Provided further, that when-
ever the president shall be satisfied that pass-
ports issued by any foreign government to its
citizens or subjects to go to any country other
than the United States, or to any of its insular
possessions or the Canal Zone, are being used
lor the purpose of enabling the holder to come
to the continental territory of the United States
to the detriment of labor conditions therein,
the president shall refuse to permit such persons
to enter the United States or its possessions:
Provided further, that aliens returning after a
temporary absence to an unrelinquished United
States domicile of seven consecutive years may
be admitted at the discretion of the secretary
of labor and under such conditions as he may
prescribe: Provided further, that nothing in -the
contract-labor or reading-test provisions of this
act shall be construed to prevent any alien ex-
hibitor or holder of any concession for any fair
or exposition authorized by congress from bring-
ing into the United States, under contract, such
otherwise inadmissible alien mechanics, artisans,
agents or other employes, natives of his coun-
try, as may be necessary for installing or con-
ducting his exhibit or business, under such rules
as the commissioner-general of immigration with
the approval of the secretary of labor may pre-
scribe, both as to the admission and return of
such persons: Provided further, that the com-
missioner-general of immigration with the ap-
proval of the secretary of labor shall issue rules
and prescribe conditions, including exaction of
such bonds as may be necessary, to control and
regulate the admission and return of otherwise
inadmissible aliens applying for temporary ad-
mission: Provided further, that nothing in this
act shall be construed to apply to accredited
officials of foreign governments, nor to their
suites, families or guests.
The importation of any alien into the United
States for any immoral purpose is punishable by
imprisonment for not more than ten years and
by a fine of not more than $5,000. Violations
of the contract-labor section of the act are
punishable by fines of $1,000 or by imprisonment
for not less than six months nor more than
two years. The act provides for the fining or im-
prisonment of persons engaged in the transpor-
tation of aliens into the United States who en-
courage or help persons excluded under the pro-
visions of the law to enter the country.
FLAG OF THE
Executive order
It is hereby ordered that national flags and
union jacks for all departments of the govern-
ment, with the exception noted under (a), shall
conform to the following proportions:
Hoist (width) of flag, 1.
Fly (length) of flag, 1.9.
Hoist (width) of union, 7-13.
Fly (length) of union .76.
Width of each stripe, 1-13.
(a). Exception: The colors carried by troops
and camp colors shall be the sizes prescribed for
the military service (army and navy).
Limitation of the number of sizes: With the
exception of colors under note (a) the sizes of
flags manufactured or purchased for the govern-
ment departments will be limited to those with
the following hoists:
(1), 20 feet; (2), 19 feet (standard); (3),
14.35 feet; (4), 12.19 feet; (5), 10 feet; (6), 8.94
feet;. (7), 5.14 feet; (8), 5 feet; (9), 3.52 feet;
(10), 2.90 feet; (11), 2.37 feet; (12), 1.31 feet.
UNITED STATES.
of May 29, 1916.
Union jacks: The size of the jack shall be tho
size of the union of the national flag with which
it is flown.
The national flag of the United States now
consists of thirteen alternate red and white
stripes, representing the original thirteen states,
and a blue field on which are forty-eight white
stars arranged in six rows of eight stars each,
representing the forty-eight states now consti-
tuting the union. The last two stars were
added in 1912 when New Mexico and Arizona
were officially admitted as states.
Laws are in force in some of the states for-
bidding the desecration or mutilation of the flag
or its use in any way for advertising purposes.
A federal law forbids the use of the national
flag on trade-marks.
The national flag was officially adopted by
congress June 14, 1777. Accordingly June 14
is now generally observed as Flag day.
THE CAPITOL IN WASHINGTON.
The; corner stone of the original capitol
building was laid by President Washington
Sept. 18, 1793. The north wing- was finished
in 1810 and the south wing- in 1811. a wooden
passageway connecting' them. The original de-
signs of the structure were made by Dr. Wil-
liam Thornton. The two wings were burned
by the British in 1814. but were immediately
restored. In 1827 the original building- was
completed at a cost of $2.433.844.13. Exten-
sions of the wings were begun in 1851 and
completed in 1859. The dome, which is 287
feet 5 inches in height, was completed in 1865.
The capitol stands in latitude 38 degrees 53
minutes 20.4 seconds north and longitude 77
degrees 00 minutes 35.7 seconds west from
Greenwich. The area covered by the build-
ing is 153,112 square feet. Value of building
and grounds: Building. $15,000.000: grounds.
$10,400.000: total, $25,400,000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
219
POLITICAL, PARTY PLATFORMS OF 1916 IN BRIEF.
The following summary includes the principal
planks lu the platforms adopted at the national
party conventions in 1916:
REPUBLICAN.
Protection of every American at home and
abroad.
Firm and courageous foreign policy.
Restoration of order in Mexico.
Reaffirmation of the Monroe doctrine.
Closer relations with Latin America.
Retention of the Philippines.
Coherent and continuous policy of national de-
fense with an adequate army and strong navy.
Tariff for the protection of American industries
and labor.
Regulation and supervision of corporations.
An effective system of rural credits.
Extension of rural free delivery.
Subsidies for merchant marine.
Federal control of transportation business.
Establishment of budget system lor govern-
ment expenditures.
Conservation of natural resources.
Vocational education, and workmen's compensa-
tion laws.
Woman suffrage to be granted by each state.
PROGRESSIVE.
Protection of the rights of American citizens
on land and sea.
To guard the honor of the nation.
To maintain the integrity of international law.
The creation of conditions which will make for
permanent peace.
Adequate provision for the common defense.
A navy restored to at least second rank in
battle efficiency.
A regular army of 250,000 men as a first line
of defense.
A system of military training adequate to or-
ganize with promptness, behind that first line
of the army and navy, a citizen soldiery, sup-
plied, armed and controlled by the national gov-
ernment.
Universal military training.
Full suffrage for women.
Social and industrial justice.
Creation of a permanent expert tariff commis-
sion ; a protective tariff.
National regulation of industry. .
DEMOCRATIC.
Tariff for revenue only ; a nonpartisan tariff
commission.
The suppression of all alliances and combina-
tions conspiring to injure the United States and
advance the interests of foreign countries.
The maintenance of an army adequate to the
requirements of order, of safety and of the pro-
tection of the nation's rights, development of
seacoast defenses, the maintenance of an ade-
quate reserve of citizens trained to arms ; con-
tinuous development of the navy.
To assist the world in securing settled peace
and justice, respect for the fundamental rights
of the smaller states and the complete security
of the highway of the seas.
Close relations of amity with other American
republics.
Maintenance of the Monroe doctrine.
Intervention in Mexico, but only as a last
resort.
Development of American merchant marine.
Conservation of natural resources.
Promotion of agriculture through farm mar-
keting, farm credits and the establishment of
grades and standards.
A living wage for all employes.
A working day of not to exceed eight hours.
Adoption of safety appliances.
Compensation for industrial accidents.
Equitable retirement law lor civil service em-
ployes.
Protection of the rights of American citizens
at home and abroad.
Peace atrong the warring nations of Europe.
Development of waterways.
Alteration of senate rules to permit transac-
tion of business.
Economy and the use of the budget system in
national expenditures.
Enforcement of civil service laws.
Self-government and ultimate independence for
the Philippines.
Prison reform.
Generous pensions for soldiers.
PROHIBITION.
Abolition of liquor traffic.
Equal suffrage for women by amendments to
state and federal constitutions.
Peace and friendliness with all nations ; pro-
motion of a world court lor the settlement of
national differences.
Disarmament of nations.
Against universal military training.
Promotion of reciprocity in trade ; formation
of a commission of trade specialists.
Creation of merchant marine.
Independence of Philippines when people are
fit for it.
Extension of civil service.
Uniform marriage and divorce laws.
Arbitration between capital and labor.
Budget system in national expenditures.
Single presidential term of six years.
Initiative, referendum and recall.
Promotion of agriculture ; abolition of boards
of trade, chambers of commerce and stock ex-
changes.
SOCIALIST.
Opposition to war.
Unrestricted and equal suffrage for men and
women.
Initiative, referendum, recall and proportional
representation nationally as well as 'locally.
Abolition of United States senate and veto
power of president.
Revision of constitution of the United States.
Abolition of power of Supreme court to pass
unon acts of congress.
Curbing of injunctions.
Election of federal judges for short terms.
Freedom of speech, press and assemblage.
Increase of income, corporation and inheritance
taxes.
Further measures for general education.
Abolition of monopoly ownership of patents.
Collective ownership of public utilities.
Acquisition by municipalities, states and gov-
ernment of grain elevators, stockyards, storage
warehouses and other distributing agencies. •
Extension -of public domain to mines, quarries,
oil wells, forests and water power.
Conservation of natural resources.
Collective ownership of land.
Money to be issued by government only ; govern-
ment to lend money at nominal rates to munici-
palities and counties to take over public utilities.
Relief of unemployed by extension of public
works.
Conservation of human resources by-
Shortening the workday.
Freedom of political and economic organization.
Giving rest period of at least a day and a half
in each week.
Securing more effective Inspection of workshops.
Forbidding child labor.
Establishing minimum wage scales.
Establishing system of old age pensions and
insurance by the state and by employers of
workers without cost to the latter, and by
• Establishing mothers' pensions.
SOCIALIST LABOR.
Means of production must be controlled by the
people in common.
Industrial administration by tha working class
— the workers to assume control and direction
as well as operation of their industrial affairs.
Organization of the workers into a revolu-
tionary party.
NATIONAL WOMAN'S PARTY.
Adoption of the Susan B. Anthony amendment
to the United States constitution that the right
of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any state on account of sex.
220
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
NATIONAL NOMINATING CONVENTIONS SINCE 1880.
Place and date of each and names of nom-
inees for president and Tice-president in the
order named:
1880 — Democratic: Cincinnati, O., June 22-24;
Winfleld S. Hancock and William H. English.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 2-8; James A.
Garfleld and Chester A. Arthur.
Greenback: Chicago, 111., June 9-11; James B.
Weaver and B. J. Chambers.
Prohibition: Cleveland, O., June 17; Neal Dow
. and A. M. Thompson.
1884— Democratic: Chicago, 111., July 8-11; Grover
Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 3-6; James G.
Elaine and John A. Logan.
Greenback: Indianapolis, Iml., May 28-29; Ben-
jamin F. Butler and Alanson M. West.
American Prohibition: Chicago, 111., June 19;
Samuel C. Pomeroy and John A. Conant.
National Prohibition: Pittsburgh, Pa., July 23;
John P. St. John and William Daniel.
Anti-Monopoly: Chicago, 111., May 14; Benja-
min F. Butler and Alanson M. West.
Equal Rights: San Francisco. Gal., Sept. 20;
Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood and Mrs. M. L. Stow.
1888— Democratic: St. Louis, Mo., June 5; Grover
Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 19; Benjamin
Harrison and Levi P. Morton.
Prohibition: Indianapolis, Ind., May 20; Clinton
B. Fisk and John A. Brooks.
Union Labor: Cincinnati, O., May 15; Alson J.
Streeter and Samuel Evans.
United Labor: Cincinnati, O., May 15: Robert
H. Oowdrev and W. H. T. Wakefleld.
American: Washington, D. C., Aug. 14; James
L. Curtis and James R. Greer.
Equal Rights: Des Moines, Iowa, May 15; Mrs.
Belva A. Lockwood and Alfred H. Love.
1892— Democratic: Chicago, 111.. June 21; Grover
Cleveland and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Republican: Minneapolis, Minn.: June 7-10:
Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Reid. '
Prohibition: Cincinnati, O.. June 29; John Bid-
well and J. B. Cranfill.
National People's: Omaha, Neb., July 2-5;
James B. Weaver and James G. Field.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y.. Aug. 28;
Simon Wing and Charles H. Matcnett.
1896— Democratic: Chicago, 111., July 7; William
J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall.
Republican: St. Louis, Mo., June 16; William
McKinley and Garret A. Hobart.
People's Party; St. Louis, Mo., July 22; Wil-
liam J. Bryan and Thomas E. Watson
Silver Party: St. Louis, Mo., July 22; William
J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall.
National Democratic: Indianapolis, Ind., bept.
2- John M. Palmer and Simon B. Buckner.
Prohibition: Pittsburgh, Pa., May 27; Joshua
Levering and Hale Johnson.
National Party: Pittsburgh, Pa., May 28;
Charles E. Bentley and James H. Southgate.
Socialist-Labor: New York. N. Y., July 6;
Charles H. Matchett and Matthew Maguire.
1900— Democratic: Kansas City, Mo., July 4-6;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Republican: Philadelphia, Pa., June 19-21; Wil-
liam McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.-
People's Partv: Sioux Falls, S. D.. May 9-10;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
People's Party (Middle-of-the-Road): Cincin-
nati. O., May 9-10; Wharton Barker and Ig-
natius Donnelly.
Silver Republican: Kansas City, Mo., July 4-6;
William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson.
Prohibition: Chicago, 111., June 27-28; John G.
Woolley and Henry B. Metcalf.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., June 2-8;
Joseph P. Malloney and Valentine Remmel.
Social Democratic Party of the United States;
Rochester, N. Y., Jan. 27; Job Harriman and
Max S. Hayes.
Social Democratic Party of America: Indianap-
olis, Ind., March 6; Eugene V. Debs and Job
Harriman.
Union Reform: Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3; Seth
W. Ellis and Samuel T. Nicholson.
1904— Democratic: St. Louis, Mo., July 6-9; Alton
B. Parker and Henry G. Davis.
Republican: Chicago, 111., June 21-23; Theodore
Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks.
People's Party: Springfield, 111., July 4-6;
Thomas E. Watson and Thomas H. Tibbies.
Prohibition: Indianapolis, Ind., June 29-July 1;
Silas C. Swallow and George W. Carroll.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., July 3-9;
Charles H. Corregan and William W. Cox.
Socialist-Democratic Party of America: Chi-
cago, 111., May 1-6; Eugene V. Debs and Ben-
jamin Hanford.
Continental: Chicago, 111., Aug. 31; Charles H.
Howard and George H. Shlbley. (Nominees
declined and Austin Holcomb and A. King
were substituted by the national committee.)
1908— Republican: Chicago, June 16-19; William
H. Taft and James S. Sherman.
Democratic: Denver, July 7-10; William J.
Bryan and John W. Kern.
Socialist: Chicago, May 10-18; Eugene V. Debs
and Benjamin Hanford.
Prohibition: Columbus, O., July 15-16; Eugene
W. Chafln and Aaron S. Watklns.
Independence: Chicago, July 27-28; Thomas L.
Hisgen and John Temple Graves.
People's: St. Louis, April 2-3; Thomas E. Wat-
son and Samuel W. Williams.
United Christian: Rock, Island, 111., May 1;
Daniel Braxton Turney and S. P. Carter.
Socialist-Labor: New York, July 2-5: Martin R.
Preston and Donald L. Munro. (Preston de-
clined and August Gillhaus was named in his
place.)
1912— Democratic: Baltimore, June 25-July 3;
Woodrow Wilson and Thomas Riley Marshall.
.Republican: Chicago, June 18-22; William How-
ard Taft and James Schoolcraft Sherman.
Progressive: Chicago, Aug. 5-7; Theodore
Roosevelt and Hiram W. Johnson. -
Socialist: Indianapolis, May 12-18; Eugene V.
Debs and Emil Seidel.
Prohibition: Atlantic City, July 10-12; Eugene
W. Chafln and Aaron S. Watkins.
Socialist-Labor: New York, April 7-10; Arthur
Reimer and August Gillhaus.
Populist: St. Louis, Aug. 13; no nominations
made.
1916— Republican : Chicago. June 7-10 ; Charles E.
Hughes and Charles W. Fairbanks.
Progressive: Chicago, June 7-10; Theodore
Roosevelt and John M. Parker ; Roosevelt de-
clined and party decided to support Hughes.
Democratic: St. Louis, June 14-16; Woodrow
Wilson and Thomas R. Marshall.
Prohibition: St. Paul, Minn., July 19-21; J.
Frank Hanly and Ira D. Landrith.
Socialist: No convention held; Allan L. Ben-
son and George R. Kirkpatrick nominated by
mail primary Jan. 10-March 11.
Socialist-Labor: New York, N. Y., April 29-May
3 ; Arthur E. Reimer and Caleb Harrison.
AMERICAN CITIZEN'S CREED.
In 1918 the city of Baltimore offered a prize
of $1,000 for the best "American creed." Of
the several thousand offered the committee on
award selected that submitted by William Tyler
Paere of Friendship Heights, Md., as the win-
ner. It reads:
"I believe in the United States of America
as a government of the people, by the people,
for the people: whose just powers are derived
from the consent of the governed; a democracy
in a republic: a sovereign nation of many sov-
ereign dates: a perfect union, one and in-
separable; established upon those principles
of frefedom, equality, justice and humanity
for which American patriots sacrificed their
lives and fortunes.
"I therefore believe it is my duty to my
country to love it: to support its constitu-
tion: to obey its laws; to respect its flag;
and to defend it against all enemies."
ALMANAC AKD YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
281
ELECTION
PRESIDENTIAL.
Every fourth year. Next election Nov. 2. 1930.
STATE.
Gubernatorial if not otherwise specified.
Alabama — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7, 1922.
Arizona — Biennially: first Tuesday after first
Monday in November. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Arkansas — Biennially: second Monday in Sep-
tember. Next election Sept. 13. 1920.
California — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7, 1922.
Colorado — Biennially. ' Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Connecticut — State officers except attorney-gen-
eral biennially: attorney-greneral quadrenni-
ally. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Delaware — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2. 1920.
Florida — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2, 1920.
Georgia — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Idahor-Biennially. Next election Nov. 2, 1920.
Illinois — Governor, lieutenant-governor, secre-
tary of state, auditor and attorney-general
every fourth year. Next election Nov. . 2,
1920. State treasurer biennially. Next elec-
tion Nov. 2, 1920.
Indiana — Governor, every fourth year. Next
electipn Nov. 2, 1920. Other state officers
biennially. Next election Nov. 2, 1920.
Iowa — Governor, lieutenant-governor, superin-
tendent of instruction, one justice of the Su-
preme court and one railroad commissioner
biennially. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Kansas — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Kentucky — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 4, 1919.
Louisiana — Every fourth year: third Tuesday
in April. Next election April 20. 1920.
Maine — Biennially: second Monday in Septem-
ber. Next election Sept. 13, 1920.
Maryland— JSvery fourth year. Next election
Nov. 4. 1919.
Massachusetts — Annually. Next election Nov.
4. 1919.
Michigan— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Minnesota — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Mississippi — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 4, 1919.
Missouri — Principal state officers every fourth
year. Next election of governor, lieutenant-
governor, secretary of state, auditor, treas-
urer and attorney-general Nov. 2, 1920.
CALENDAR.
Montana — Every fourth year. Next election
:Nov. 2. 1990.
Nebraska — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Nevada — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
New Hampshire — Biennially. Next election
Nov. 2, 1920.
New Jersey — Gpvernor every third year, other
officers appointed. Next election Nov. 4,
1919.
New Mexico — Every fourth year, on Tuesday
after the first Monday in November. Next
election Nov. 2, 1920.
New York — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
North Carolina — Every fourth year. Next elec-
tion Nov. 2, 1920.
North Dakota — Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Ohio — Governor, lieutenant-governor, state
treasurer and attorney-general biennially.
Next election Nov. 4, 1919. Secretary of
state and dairy and food commissioner bien-
nially. Next election Nov. 2, 1920. Auditor
every fourth year. Next election Nov. 4.
1919.
Oklahoma — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 7. 1922.
Oregon — Every fourth year. Next election Nov.
7, 1922.
Pennsylvania — Governor, lieutenant-governor
and secretary of internal affairs every fourth
year. Next election Nov. 7. 1922. State
treasurer biennially. Next election Nov. 4,
1919. Other 9fficials appointed.
Rhode Island — Biennially. Next election Nov.
2, 1920.
South Carolina — Biennially. Next election Nov.
2, 1920.
South Dakota — Biennially. Next election Nov.
2. 1920.
Tennessee — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2,
1920.
Texas— Biennially. Next election Nov. 2. 1920.
Utah — Every fourth year. Next election Nov.
2, 1920.
Vermont — Biennially. Next election Nov. 2.
1920.
Virginia — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. S. 1921.
Washington — Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2, 1920.
West Virginia — Every fourth year. Next elec-
tion Nov. 2. 1920.
Wisconsin — Biennially. Next election, Nov. 2,
1920.
Wyoming— Every fourth year. Next election
Nov. 2. 1920.
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (1918-1919).
President — Frank B. Noyes. Washington. D. C.
First Vice-President— Ralph H. Booth. Muske-
gon, Mich.
Second Vice-President — E. P. Adler, Davenport.
Iowa.
Secretary and General Manager — Melville E.
Stone. New York. N. Y.
Assistant General Manager— Frederick Roy Mar-
tin. New York. N. Y.
Treasurer— J. R. Youatt, New York, N. Y.
Directors — R. M. Johnston. Houston Post:
Victor F? Lawson, The Chicago Daily News:
Charles A. Rook, Pittsburgh Dispatch: Clark
Ho well, Atlanta Constitution; Oswald Garri-
son Villard, New York Evening Post: Elbert
H. Baker. Cleveland Plain Dealer; Frank B.
Noyes. Washington Star; Adolph S. Ochs,
New York Times: W. L. McLean. Philadel-
phia Bulletin: V. S. McClatchy, Sacramento
Bee: A. C. Weiss. Duluth Herald: Charles
Hopkins Clark. Hartford Courant: W. H.
Cowles, Spokane Spokesman-Review: D. E.
Town, Louisville (Ky.) Herald: John R.
Rathom. Providence (R. I.) Journal.
Executive Committee — Frank B. Noyes. Wash-
ington: Victor F. Lawson. Chicago: Charles
A. Rook, Pittsburgh; Charles Hopkins Clark.
Hartford: Adolph S. Ochs. New York; W. L.
McLean, Philadelphia; Oswald Garrison Vil-
lard, New York.
AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS'
ASSOCIATION.
President — Frank P. Glass, Birmingham (Ala.)
News.
Vice-President — George McAneny, New York
Times.
Secretary — John S. Bryant, Richmond (Va.)
News Leader.
Treasurer — Edward P. Call, New York Jour-
nal of Commerce.
Directors — Hilton U. Brown, Indianapolis News;
Elbert H. Baker. Cleveland Plain Dealer:
Hopewell Rogers. The Chicago Daily News:
J. F. McKay. Toronto Globe: C. H. Taylor,
Jr., Boston Globe; Harry Chandler, Los An-
geles Times: T. R. Williams. The Pittsburgh
Press, and Daniel D. Moore, New Orleans
Times-Picayune.
222
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
ELECTORAL VOTE BY STATES (1904^916).
STATE.
1916.
1912.
1908.
1904.-
STATE.
1916.
1912.
1908.
1904.
Wilson,
D.
I
&
3
|p
velt, Prog.
|«
Taf t, R.
i
&s
m
.«
P
Q
i *•
&
Wilson,
D.
Hughes,
R.
I
s=
to
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If
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*«
Taf t, E.
a
* .
b3
a
3
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!
A>
Q
i*
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a
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11
11
fl
T
1
4
....
t
I
New Hampshire
New Jersey
4
"»'
/\
]
Arkansas
California
9
13
. . . .
9
2
'ii'
....
'16'
9
"5"
'io'
5
7
3
9
U
14
!
....
....
12
....
12
....
Connecticut
7
3
7
3
6
14
....
....
7
ft
North Carolina-
12
5
12
<>
....
13
12
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
6
14
....
....
"a"
5
13
**&'
6
13
Ohio
24
10
5
24
10
....
....
23
"f
23
....
Illinois
29
15
13
29
15
13
in
.'.'..
....
27
15
IS
....
27
15
13
....
Pennsylvania. . .
38
<>
38
34
....
34
4
....
g
9
9
9
in
10
10
<i
>>
\
j
Kentucky
Louisiana
13
10
"tf
'is'
15
12
13
10
6
8
18
'io'
18
i
'{5
12
::::
"6
2
16
14
11
'is'
s
13
9
"6°
'io'
"e"
16
14
11
'is'
3
13
9
'T
'io'
Tennessee... ....
Texas
Utah
12-
20
4
12
20
"i"
"3"
|
12
IS
"3'
4
12
18
Maryland
Massachusetts. .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri,
8
'io'
18
j
Virginia
12
7
12
"7"
"V
U
"V
12
West Virginia....
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
"3"
7
13
8
13
3
7
....
...
13
3
162
13
3
886
140~
Nebraska
8
8
8
8
277
254
435
88
8
321
PAKTY LINES IN CONGRESS SINCE 1881.
t — Senate.
Congress. Years. Bep.Dem.
»7th 1881-1883 37 38
48th 1883-1885 40 36
49th 1885-1887 42 34
50th 1887-1889 39 37
61st 1889-1891 39 37
52d 1891-1893 47 39
53d 1893-1895 38 44
54th 1895-1897 42 39
55th 1897-1899 46 34
66th 1899-1901 53 26
57th 1901-1903 56 29
58th 1903-1905 58 32
69th 1905-1907 58 32
IMPEACHMENT CASES IN
BEFORE UNITED STATES SENATE.
The senate ha.s sat as a court of impeachment
in the cages of the following accused officials,
with the result stated:
William Blount, senator from Tennessee, In
1799; charges dismissed for want of jurisdiction,
Blount having resigned previously.
John Pickering, judge of the United States Dis-
trict court for New Hampshire; removed from
office in 1804.
Samuel Chase, associate -»ustice of the Supreme
court of the United States; acquitted 1805.
James H. Pock, judge of the United States
District court for Missouri; acquitted 1831.
West H. Humphreys, judge of 'the United
States District court for Tennessee; removed
from office, 1862.
Andrew JoLnson, president of the United
States: acquitted 1868.
William W. Belknap, secretary of war; ac-
quitted 1876.
Charles Swayne, Judge of the United States
District court for the northern district of Flor-
ida; acquitted 1905.
Robert W. Archbald, associate judge of the
United States Commerce court; convicted 1913.
AGAINST GOVERNORS.
Nine governors In the JJnited States hare
faced impeachment proceedings. These men and
the results that followed were:
Charles Robinson, Kansas. 1862; acquitted.
Harrison Reed. Florida. 1868: olmrees dropped.
Win. W. Holden, North Carolina, 1870; removed.
. v House. \
Ind.Rep.Dem.Ind.
1 146 138 10
, Senate. v — House. — ^
Congress. Years. Rep.Dein. Ind.Rep.Dem.Ind.
60th 1907-1909 61 31 .. 222 164 ..
.. 124 198 1
61st 1909-1911 60 32 .. 219 172
120 204 1
62d 1911-1913 51 41 .. 162 298 *1
153 168 4
63d 1913-1915 51 44 tl 127 290 J18
!! 166 159 ..
2 88 236 8
64th 1915-1917 39 56 fl 193 231 |8
65th 1917-1919 42 53 fl 216 210 59
3 126 220 8
5 246 104 7
10 206 134 16
11 185 163 9
3 198 153 5
... 206 174 2
.. 250 136 ..
•Socialist. tProgressive. {Includes *9 progres-
sives, 7 progressive republicans, 1 independent
and 1 vacancy. § Includes progressives, socialists
and vacancies. Figures in table are for begin-
ning of each congress.
THE UNITED STATES.
Powell Clayton, Arkansas. 1871; charges
dropped.
David Butler, Nebraska, 1871; removed.
Henry C. Warmoth, Louisiana, 1872; term ex-
pired and proceedings dropped.
Adelbert Ames, Mississippi, 1876; resigned.
William Snlzer, New York, 1913; removed.
James E. Ferguson, Texas, 1917 ; removed.
FATAL THEATER' FIRES AND PANICS.
Theater or hall and date. Lives lost.
Banquet theater. Oporto. March 21. 1888 200
Barnsley, England (hall), Jan. 11. 1908 16
Barraque theater, Belgium, Dec. 22, 1912 12
Bologoe, Russia, March 6, 1911 120
Canonsburg, Pa., opera house, Aug. 26, 1911... 26
Carlsruhe theater. Petrograd, 1847 200
Central theater, Philadelphia, April 28, 1892. . (
Conway's theater, Brooklyn. Dec. 6, 1876....
Exeter theater. England, Sept. 6, 1887
Flores theater, Acapnlco, Mex., Feb. 14, 1909
.295
.200
.250
. 23
2
Front Street theater, Baltimore, Dec. 8, 189;
Houston Street theater. N. Y.. Feb. 2, 1913
Iroquois, Chicago, Dec. 30, 1903 575
Italian hall, Calumet, Mich.. Dec. 24, 1913.... 72
Lehman's theater, Petrograd, 1836 700
Opera-Comique, Paris, May 25, 1887 75
Rhode'sopera house, Boyertown, Pa., Jan.13.1908.170
Richmond (Va.f theater, Dec. 26. 1811 70
Ring theater, Vienna, Dec. 8, 1881 640
Surabaya theater, Java, Jan. 26, 1914 75
Vervins, France, March 9, 1913 10
Villareal theater, Spain, May 27, 191J 80
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
223
PAST POLITICAL COMPLEXION OF THE STATES (1828-1916).
• K.. reouMvan; W.. whig: D., democratic: U., union; A.. American; A. M.. anti-Masonic: N.
R.. nation:!.' republican: P.. populist: Pr.. progressive.
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New Jersey
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Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island....
South Carolina..
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Texas
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'.'.'.'.
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Vermont
Virginia.
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D.
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Wyoming...'.....
In five states in 1892 thn electoral vote was
divided: California gave 8 electoral votes for
Cleveland and 1 for Harrison and Ohio gave 1 for
Cleveland and 22 for Harrison; in Michigan, by
act of the legislature, each congressional district
voted separately for an elector; in Oregon 1 of
the 4 candidates for electors on the people's
party ticket was also on the democratic ticket;
in North Dakota 1 of the 2 people's party elec-
tors cast his vote for Cleveland, this causing tbf>
electoral vote of the state to be equally divided
among Cleveland, Harrison and Weaver. In 189$
California gave 8 electoral votes to McKinley
and 1 to Bryan; Kentucky gave 12 to McKinley
and 1 to Bryan. In Maryland in 1904 7 of the
presidential electors chosen were democrats and
1 republican. In 1908 Maryland elected 6 demo-
cratic and 2 republican electors. In 1912 California
elected 11 progressive and 2 democratic electors.
In 1916 West Virginia elected 1 democratic and
7 republican electors.
HOMESTEAD LAWS OF
For full information as to the method of ac-
quiring homesteads on unappropriated public
lands of the United States apply at the nearest
federal land office or write to the general land
office in the department of the interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. In general, it may be said that
any person who is the head of a family or is
21 years old and a citizen of the United States,
or has declared his intention to be such, and who
is not the proprietor of more than 160 acres of
land, is entitled to enter 160 acres of public
land as a homestead. He is obliged to pay
certain fees and commissions, ranging from $7
to $18, according to the amount of land entered
and its location, to live upon the land for a
certain length of time and to cultivate a certain
amount of it. Recent laws provide for enlarged
homesteads of 320 acres in Arizona, California,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,
THE UNITED STATES,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Oregon, Utah,
Washington and Wyoming, on nonmineral, non-
irrigable and nontimbered land; also for stock
raising homesteads of 640 acres on land fit only
for grazing or forage growing purposes.
UNITED STATES ARSENALS.
The largest of the United States arsenals are
located at Rock Island. 111., and Springfield.
Mass. Others are at Pittsburgh, Pa.; Augusta,
Ga.; Benieia, Cal. : Columbia, Tpnn.; Fort Mon-
roe, Va.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Indianapolis, Ind.;
Governor's island, N. Y.: Jefferson barracks.
Mo.; Sandy Hook, N. Y. : San Antonio. Tex.:
Rover, N. J. ; Watertown, Mass., and Watervliet,
N. Y. Some of the above are merely powder de-
pots, the principal manufacturing: plants being
at Rock Islam!. Springfield and Watervliet. The
navy yards are also arsenals.
224
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Copyright, Harris & Ewing.
CARTER GLASS.
Secretary Treasury.
Copyright, Harris* Ewing, Washington
A. S. BURLBSON,
Postmaster-General.
Photo by American Press Association.
DAVID F. HOUSTON.
Secretary of Agriculture.
Copyright, Clinedinst.
ROBT. LANSING,
Secretary of State.
WOODROW WILSON,
Copyright, Harris i Ewing, Washington President
N. D. BAKER,
Secretary of War.
Copyright, HarristEwing.Washingtot
THOS. R. MARSHALL,
Vice-President.
Copyright.HarriatEi. ing, Washington
JOSEPHUS DANIELS.
Secretary of the Nayy.
Moffett 1'hoto, Chicago.
FRANKLIN K. LANE,
Secretary of the Interior.
Copyright, Cllnedinst,Washinrton,D.C
W. C. REDFIELD,
Secretary of Commerce.
Copyright, ClinedinX, Washington.
THOS. W. GRF>GORY,
Attorney -General.
THE PRESIDENT AND HIS CABINET.
Coiyri;h t, Harris * Ewinj.
W. B. WILSON.
Secretary of Labor.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
225
National ffiobernment.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
Salary
President— Woodrow Wilson (N. J.) $75,000
Secretary to the President — Joseph 1'. Tum-
ulty (N. J.) 7,500
Vice-President— Thomas R. Marshall (Ind.). 12,000
Executive Clerk— Hudolph Forster (Va.) 5.000
Chief Clerk— T. W. Brahany (Wis.) 4.000
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
Secretary— Robert Lansing (N. Y.) $12,000
Counselor for Department — frank Lyoii Polk
(N. Y.) 7,500
Assistant Secretary— Wm. Phillips (Mass.) 5,000
Second Assistant Secretary— Alvey A. Adee
(D. C.) 4,500
Third Assistant Secretary — Breckinridge
Long (Mo.) 4.500
Director Consular Service — Wilbur J. Carr
(N. Y.) 4,500
Chief Clerk— Ben G. Davis (Neb.) 3,000
Solicitor— Lester H. Woolsey (N. Y.) 5,000
Chief of Diplomatic Bureau — Sydney Y.
Smith (D. C.) 2,250
Chief of Consular Bureau— Herbert C.
Hengstler (O.) (acting 3,000
Chief of Bureau of Indexes and Archives-
David A. Salmon (Conn.) (acting) 2,500
Chief of Bureau of Accounts and Disburs-
ing Clerk— William McNeir (Mich.) 2.300
Chief of Bureau of Rolls and Library— John
A. Tonner (O.) 2.100
Chief of Bureau of Appointments — Miles M.
Shand (N. J.) 2.100
Acting Chief of Passport Control— Richard
W. Flournpy (Md.) 3,000
Chief of Division of Latin-American Af-
fairs—Jordan Herbert Stabler (Md.) 4,500
Chief of Division of Mexican Affairs — Leon
J. Canova (Fla.) 4,500
Chief of Division of Far Eastern Affairs —
Ransford S. Miller (N. Y.) 4,500
Acting Chief of Division of Western Euro-
pean Affairs — Joseph C. Grew (Mass.)... 3,000
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Secretary— Carter Glass (Va.) $12,000
Secretary to the Secretary — M. Brice Clag-
ett (Md.) 3,000
Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury —
Leo S. Rowe (Pa.) 5,000'
James H. Moyle (Utah) 5,000
Russell C. Leffingwell (N. Y.) 5,000
Thomas B. Love (Tex.) 5,000
Albert Rathbone (N. Y.) 5,000
Assistant to the Secretary — George R. Cook-
sey (D. C.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— Paul F. Myers (N. J.) 4.000
Chief of Appointment Division — James E.
Harper (S. C.) 3.000
Chief of Bookkeeping and Warrants Divi-
sion—Charles H. Miller (Mass.) 3.500
Chief of Public Moneys Divison— Harry P.
Huddleson (Ind.) 3,000
Chief of Customs Division— Frank M. Hal-
stead (Wash.) 4,500
Chief of Division of Printing and Station-
ery—Frederick F. Weston (Iowa) 2.500
Chief of Loans and Currency Division — Wil-
liam S. Broughton (111.1 3,500
Superintendent of Mails— S. M. Gaines (Ky.) 2.500
Chief of Secret Service Division— W. Her-
man Moran (D. C.) 4,000
Supervising Architect's Office.
Supervising Architect— (Vacancy) 6,000
Bureau of Engraving and Printing.
Director— James L. Wilmeth (Ark.) 6,000
Assistant Director— James M. Fisher (Va.) 3,500 j
Superintendent Engraving Division — George
U. Rose. Jr. (D. C.) 4.800
Coast Guard.
Captain Commandant— B. P. Bertholf (N.
J.) 5,000
Assistant— Oliver M. Maxim (Ind.) 2,500
Register of the Treasury. Salary.
Register— H. B. Teehee (Okla.) $4,000
Assistant— James W. McCarter (S. D.).... 2,500
Comptroller of Treasury.
Comptroller— Walter W. Warwick (O.) 6,000
Assistant— Charles M. Foree (Ky.).' 4,500
Chief Clerk— Wilmer G. Platt (Ind.) 2,500
Chief Law Clerk— Noble Moore (Tenn.) 2,500
Auditors.
Auditor for Treasury Department— Samuel
Patterson (Neb.) 4,000
Chief Clerk— Albion B. Jameson (Pa.) 2250
Auditor for War Department— James L.
Baity (Mo.) 4,000
Chief Clerk— James E. Maulding (111.) 2,250
Auditor for Interior Department — David O.
Ueay (W. Va.) 4,000
Chief Clerk— J. E. R. Ray 2,250
Auditor for Navy Department— Edward L.
Luckow (Wis.) 4.000
Chief Clerk— Harvey C. Long (Miss.) 2,250
Auditor for State and Other Departments —
Edward D. Hearne (Del.) 4,000
Chief Clerk— W. W. Scott (N. C.) 2.250
Auditor for Postofflce Department — Charles
A. Kram (Pa.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— T. H. Sweeney (Minn.) 3,000
Treasurer of the United States.
Treasurer— John Burke (N. D.) 8.000
Assistant Treasurer — George Fort (Ga.).... 3,600
Deputy Assistant Treasurer— F. J. F. Thiel
(N. Y.) ; 3,200
Comptroller of the Currency.
Comptroller— John Skelton Williams (Va.). *5,000
Deputies— Thomas P. Kane (D. C.) and
Willis J. Fowler (Ind.), each 3,500
Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
Commissioner— Daniel C. Roper (S. C.) 6,500
Deputy Commissioner— William P. D. Haly
(Ky.) 4,000
Deputy— Barnett O. Keith (S. C.) 4,000
Deputy— Luther F. Speer (Pa.) 3,600
Director of the Mint.
Director— Raymond T. Baker ( Nev. ) 5.000
Public Health Service.
Surgeon-General—Rupert Blue (S. C.) 6.000
Bureau of War Risk Insurance.
(Vacancy) 5,000
As a member of the federal reserve board the
comptroller of the currency gets $7,000, making
the total annual salary $12,000.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary— Newton D. Baker (O.) $12,000
Assistant Secretary— Benedict Crowell (O.) 5,000
Assistant Secretary— Edward B. Stettinius
Assistant Secretary— John D. Ryan,(N. Y-)
Assistant Secretary— Frederick Paul Keppel
(N. Y.)
Assistant and Chief Clerk—John C. Scofield 4.000
"ihief of Staff— Gen. Peyton C. March 10,000
The Adjutant-General's Office.
The Adjutant-General— Maj.-Gen. P. C. Harris.
Tiief Clerk— A. W. Shunk.
Inspector-General's Department.
Inspector-General — Maj.-Gen. John L. Chamber-
lain,
hief Clerk— John D. Parker.
Judge-Advocate General's Office.
Judge-Advocate General— Maj.-Gen. E. H. Crow-
der.
Chief Clerk and Solicitor— William H. Keith.
Quartermaster's Corps.
Chief of Quartermaster's Corps— Maj.-Gen. H. L.
Rogerg.
Chief Clerk— Charles P. Daly.
Medical Department.
Siirgeon-Genoral— Maj.-Gen. Merrltte W. Ireland.
First Assistant— Maj.-Gen. Robert B. Noble.
Chief Clerk— John Wilson.
226
ALMANAC AMD YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
Corps of Engineers.
Chief of Engineers— Maj.-Gen. William M. Black.
Chief Clerk-^P. J. Dempsey.
Ordnance Department.
Chief of Ordnance— Maj.-Gen. C. C. Williams.
Chief Clerk— John J. Cook.
Bureau of Insular Affairs.
Chief of Bureau— Maj.-Gen. Frank Mclntyre.
Chief Clerk— L. V. Carmack.
Signal Office.
Chief Signal Officer— Maj.-Gen. George O. Squier.
Chief Clerk— Herbert S. Flynn.
Field Artillery.
Chief— Maj.-Gen. W. J. Snow.
Coast Artillery.
Chief— Maj.-Gen. F. W. Coe.
Aircraft Production.
Director of Bureau— John D. Ryan.
NAVY DEPARTMENT. Salary.
Secretary— Josephus Daniels (N. C.) $12,000
Assistant Secretary— Franklin D. Roosevelt,
(N. Y.) 5,000
Aid to Secretary of Navy— Lieut. B. Mc-
Candless.
Chief of Naval Operations— Admiral William
S. Benson (S. C.) 6.000
Chief Clerk— F. S. Curtis.
General Board.
Rear-Admirals Charles J. Badg'er, F. F. Fletcher,
Maj.-G«n. George Barnett, Rear-Admiraks James
H. Oliver, William H. Sims, Capts. A. P.
Niblack, Hugh Rodman, W. B. Fletcher, W. R.
Shoemaker.
Secretary — Capt. H. J. Ziegemeier.
Chief Clerk— E. W. Collamore.
Office of Naval Operations.
Chief of Naval Operations— Admiral William S.
Benson.
Assistant — Capt. Volney O. Chase.
Chief Clerk— John T. Cuthbert.
Office of Naval Intelligence.
Director— Rear-Admiral James H. Oliver.
Assistant Director — Commander Edward McCau-
ley. Jr.
Bureau of Yards and Docks.
Chief Civil Engineer— C. W. Parks.
Civil Engineer — Archibald L. Parsons.
Chief Clerk— William M. Smith.
Bureau of Navigation.
Chief— Rear-Admiral Leigh C. Palmer.
Assistant to Bureau— Commander Thomas J. Senn.
Chief Clerk— H. L. Ballentine.
Hydrographic Office. \
Hydrographer— Capt. T. Snowden.
Clerk— A. F. Bogue.
Naval Observatory.
Superintendent — Rear-Admiral T. B. Howard.
Librarian— W. D. Horigan.
Bureau of Ordnance.
Chief— Rear-Admiral Ralph Earle.
Chief Clerk— E. S. Brandt.
Bureau of Construction and Repair.
Chief— Chief Constructor David W. Taylor.
Assistant— Naval Constructor Robert Stocker.
Chief Clerk— Michael D. Schaefer.
Bureau of Steam Engineering.
Chief— Engineer in Chief Robert S. Griffin.
Chief Clerk— Augustus C. Wrenn.
Bureau of Supplies and Accounts.
Chief — Paymaster-General Samuel McGowan.
Assistant — Paymaster Christian J. Peoples.
Navy Disbursing and Allotment Office
Pay Director — J. H. Merriam.
Chief Clerk— G. E. Yancey.
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
Chief— Surgeon-General William C. Braisted.
Assistant to Bureau — Surgeon Richmond C. Hoi-
comb.
Chief Clerk— Dr. W. S. Gioson.
Naval Medical School,
Medical Director— E. R. Stett.
Naval Dispensary.
Medical Director— Charles H. T. Lowndes In
charge.
Office of the Judge-Advocate General
Judge-Advocate General— Capt. William C. Watt.
Assistant— Lieutenant-Commander A. Staton.
Naval Retiring Board.
President— Rear-Admiral Harry McL. P. Huse.
Recorder— John C. Brennan.
Board of Inspection and Survey for Ships.
President— Capt. W. A. Gill.
Recorder— Lieutenant-Commander H. L. Brinser.
General Inspector of the Pay Corps.
Pay Inspector— Ziba W. Reynolds.
Paymaster's Clerk— T. H. Baasen.
Headquarters Marine Corps.
Commandant— Maj.-Gen. George Barnett.
Adjutant and Inspector— Brig.-Geu. Charles H.
Lauchheimer.
Quartermaster— Brig.-Gen. Charles L. McCawley.
Paymaster— Brig. -Gen. George Richards.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
Secretary— William C. Redfield (N. Y.)....|l2!oo6
Assistant Secretary— E. F. Sweet (Mich.).. 5,000
Private Secretary to the Secretary— Mrs.
A. O. Stewart (N. Y.) 2,500
Private Secretary to the Assistant Secre-
tary—(Vacancy) 2.100
Chief Clerk— E. W. Libbey (D. C.) 3,000
Disbursing Clerk— C. E. Malster (O.) 3000
Chief of Appointment Division— Clifford
Hastings (Wash.) 2.500
Chief Division of Publications— T. F. Mc-
Keon (N. Y.) 2,500
Chief Division -of Supplies— Francis M.
Shore (O.) 2,100
Bureau of Census.
Director— Samuel L. Rogers (N. C.)... ,. 6000
Chief Clerk— Thomas J. Fitzgerald (N. Y.) 2,500
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.
Chief— Burwell S. Cutter (N. Y.) 6,000
Assistant Chief— Chauncey D. Snow (Mass.) 3,500
Assistant Chief— Grosvenor M. Jones (O.).. 3,000
Bureau of Standards.
Director— S. W. Stratton (111.) 6,000
Secretary— H. D. Hubbard (111.) 2.200
Bureau of Fisheries.
Commissioner— Hugh M. Smith (D. C.) 6,000
Deputy Commissioner— Dr. H. Frank Moore
(Pa.) 3,500
Bureau of Lighthouses.
Commissioner— G. R. Putnam (Iowa) 5.000
Deputy Commissioner— J. S. Conway(Mont.) 4.000
Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Superintendent — Ernest Lester Jones (Va.) 6,000
Assistant— Robert L. Faris (Mo.) 4,000
Bureau of Navigation.
Commissioner— E. T. Chamberlain (N. Y.).. 4.000
Deputy Commissioner— A. J. Tyrer (Wash.) 2,750
Steamboat Inspection Service.
Supervising Inspector-General — George Uh-
ler (Pa.) 4.000
Deputy Supervising Inspector-General — D.
N. Hoover, Jr. (D. C.) 3,000
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
Secretary— William B. Wilson (Pa.) $12,000
Assistant Secretary— Louis F. Post (111.).. 5.000
Chief Clerk— S. J. Gompers (N. Y.) 3,000
Solicitor— John W. Abercrombie (Ala.) 5,000
Disbursing Clerk— Byron E. Bradford (N.J.) 3.000
Private Secretary to the Secretary— Edwin
S. McGraw (Pa.) 2.500
Private Secretary to the Assistant Secre-
tary—Hugh Reid (111.) 3.000
Bureau of Immigration.
Commissioner-General of Immigration— A.
Caminetti (Cal.) 5,000
Assistant Commissioner-General — Alfred
Hampton (S. C.) 3.500
Bureau of Naturalization.
Commissioner of Naturalization— Richard K.
Campbell (Vn.) 4.000
[)eputy Commissioner of Naturalization —
Raymond F. Crist (D. C) 3,250
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
227
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salary.
Commissioner of Labor Statistics — Royal
Meeker (N. J.) $5,000
Chief Statistician— Glias. E. Baldwin (la.) 3,000
Children's Bureau.
Chief— Julia C. Lathrop (111.) 5,000
Assistant Chief— Caroline Fleming (N. Y.) 2,400
United States Employment Service.
Director-General— J. B. Densmore (Mont.) 5,000
Information and Education Service.
Director— Roger W. Babson (Mass.) 6,000
Labor Adjustment.
Director— Hugh L. Kerwin (Pa.) 5,000
Training and Dilution Service.
Director— Charles T. Clayton (Md.) 5.000
Investigation and Inspection Service.
Director— Ethelbert Stewart (111.) 5,000
Working Conditions Service.
Director-General— Grant Hamilton (D. C.) 5,000
Woman in Industry Service.
Director— Mary Van Kleeck (N. Y.) 5,000
Industrial Housing and Transportation.
Director— Otto M. Eidlitz (N. Y.) 5,000
National War Labor Board.
Chairmen— Frank P. Walsh (Mo.) and William
Howard Taft (O.).
War Labor Policies Board.
Chairman— Felix Frankfurter (Mass.).
POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Postmaster-General— A. S. Burleson (Tex.). $12.000
Chief Clerk and Superintendent— Ruskin
McArdle (Tex.) 4,000
Private Secretary to Postmaster-General—
Robert E. Cowart (Tex.) 2,500
Assistant Chief Clerk— William W. Smith
(Tenn.) 2,000
Solicitor for the P. O. D.— William H. La-
mar (Md.) 5,000
Assistant Attorney— J. Julien Southerland
(N. C.) 2.750
Purchasing Agent— J. A. Edgerton (N. J.) 4,000
Chief Clerk to Purchasing Agent— Fred-
erick H. Austin (Mo.) 2,000
Chief Inspector— George M. Button (Mo.) 4,000
Chief Clerk. Division Postoffice Inspectors
— J. Robert Cox (N. C.) 2,000
Appointment Clerk— Robt. S. Regar (Pa.) 2,000
Disbursing Clerk— William M. Mooney (O.) 2.250
Office First Assistant Postmaster-General.
First Assistant Postmaster-General—John
C. Koons (Md.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— John W. Johnston (N. Y.)... 2,500
Superintendent Postoffice Service — Goodwin
D. Ellsworth (N. C.) 4,000
Assistant Superintendent Postoffice Service
—William S. Ryan (N. Y.) 3,000
Superintendent Division Postmaster's Ap-
pointments—Charles R. Hodges (Tex.). 3,000
Assistants Division Postmaster's Appoint-
ments—Simon E. Sullivan (Md.), Lorel
N. Morgan (W. Va.) 2,000
Superintendent Division of Dead Letters
—Marvin M. McLean (Tex.) 2,500
Office Second Assistant Postmaster-General.
Second Assistant Postmaster-General —
Otto Praeger (Tex.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— George L. Conner (O.) 2,500
Superintendent Railway Adjustments —
James B. Corrldon (D. O.) 3,000
Assistant Superintendent Railway Adjust-
ments—George H. Grayson (N. C.) 2,250
General Superintendent Railway Mall Serv-
ice—William I. Denning (Ga.) 4.000
Assistant General Superintendent Railway
Mail Service— George F. Stone (N. Y.).. 3,500
Chief Clerk Railway Mail Servic%— Chase
C. Gove (Neb.) 2.000
Superintendent Foreign Mails— Stewart M.
Weber (Pa.) 3.000
Assistant Superintendent — Edwin Sands
(N. Y.) 2,000
Office Third Assistant Postmaster-General.
Third Assistant Postmaster-General — Alex-
nrder M. Doc^ery (Mo.) 5.000
Salary.
Chief Clerk— William J. Barrows (Mo.).... $2.500
Superintendent Money Order Division-
Charles E. Matthews (Okla.) 2,750
Chief Clerk Money Order Division— Francis
H. Rainey (D. C.) 2,250
Superintendent Registry System— Leighton
V. B. Marschalk (Ky.) 2.500
Superintendent Division of Finance — Wil-
liam E. Buffington (Pa.) 2.250
Superintendent Division of Stamps— Wil-
liam C. Fitch (N. Y.) 2.750
Superintendent Classification Division— Wil-
liam C. Wood (Kas.) 2.750
Stamped Envelope Agent— William W. Barre
(Xeb.) ....'. 2.500
Office Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General.
Fourth Assistant Postmaster-.General— Jas.
I. Blakslee (Pa.) 5,000
Chief Clerk— Lansing M. Dow (N. H.) 2,500
Superintendent Rural Mails— George L.
Wood (Md.) 3,000
Chief Clerk Division Rural Mails— Walter
I. Villepigue (S. C.) 2.000
Superintendent Equipment and Supplies—
J. King Pickett (Ala.) 2,750
Chief Clerk Division Equipment and Sup-
plies—George J. Schoeneman (R. I.) 2,000
Postal Savings System.
Director— Carter B. Keene (Me.) 4,800
Assistant Director— Charles H. Fullaway
(Pa.) 3,000
Office of Auditor for Postoffice Department.
Auditor— Charles A. Kram ( Pa. ) 5, 000
Assistant and Chief Clerk — T. H. Sweeuey
(Minn.) 3.000
Law Clerk— Faber Stevenson (O.) •.... 3,000
Expert Accountant— L. M. B,artlett (Mass.) 3.000
Electrical Accounting System Chiefs— Louis
Brehtn (111.), Joshua H. Clark (Md.) and
James R. White (D. C.) 2,250
Miscellaneous Division Chief— Jasper N.
Baker (Kas.) 2,250
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.
Attorney-General — Thomas Watt Gregory
(Tex.) $12.000
Secretary to Attorney-General — John T.
Suter (D. C.) 3.000
Solicitor-General—John William Davis (W.
Va.) 10,000
Assistant to the Attorney-General—George
Carroll Todd (N. Y.) 9,000
Assistant Attorney-General — Francis J.
Kearful (D. C.) 7,500
Assistant Attorney-General—Samuel Huston
Thompson. Jr. (Col.) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General—Samuel J. Gra-
ham (Pa.) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General— LaRue Brown
(Mass.) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General—William L.
Frlerson (Tenn.) 7.500
Assistant Attorney-General—Claude R. Por-
ter (Iowa) 7.500
Solicitor for Department of Interior— Chas.
D. Mahaffle (Ore.) 5,000
Solicitor for Department of State— Lester
Hood Woolsey (N. Y.) 5.000
Chief Clerk and Superintendent of Build-
ing—Charles E. Stewart (Ala.) 3.500
Disbursing Clerk— James H. Mackey (Col.).. 2. 750
Appointment Clerk— C. B. Sornborger (Vt.) 2.000
Attorney in Charge of Pardons— James A.
Finch (N. Y.) 3.500
Solicitor of Treasury (Treasury Depart-
ment)—Lawrence Becker (Ind.) 5,000
Assistant Solicitor— Felix A. Reeve (Tenn.) 3.000
Solicitor Department of Commerce— Albert
Lee Thurman (O.) 5.000
Solicitor (Department of Labor)— John W.
Abercrombie (Ala.) '. 5.000
Assistant Solicitor (Department of Com-
merce)—Edward T. Quigley 3.000
Solicitor (Postoffice Department)— William
H. Lamar (Md.) 5.000
Solicitor Internal Revenue — A. A. Ballan-
tine (Mass.) 5.000
228
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Salary.
Superintendent of Prisons and Prisoners-
Francis H. Duehay (D. C.) $4,000
Chief Division of Investigation— Bruce
Bielaski (Md.) 3,500
Chief of Division of Accounts — Calvin
SatterHeld (Md.) 2.500
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Secretary— David Franklin Houston (Mo.).. $12.000
Assistant Secretary — Carl Vrooman (111.)... 5,000
Assistant Secretary — Clarence Ousley (Tex.) 5,000
Assistant Secretary— Geo. I. Christie (Ind.) 5,000
Asst. to Secretary— Alonzo E. Taylor (Oal.) 2,750
Asst. to Secretary— Mell R. Wilkinson (Ga.) 1
Asst. to Secretary— B. T. Galloway (Mo.).. 3,500
Asst. to Secretary— Floyd R. Harrison (Va.) 3,300
Asst. to Secretary— \V in. W. Mein (N. Y.) 1
Asst. to Secretary— Junius F. Cook (N. Y) 4,500
Chief Clerk— Robert M. Reese (D. C.) 3,500
Private Secretary to the Secretary of Agri-
culture—Harrison F. Fitts (N. Y.) 2.500
Appointment Clerk— P. L. Gladmon (D. C.) 2,000
Solicitor— William M. Williams (Ala.) 5.000
Chief, Forest Service — Henry S. Graves
(Conn.) 6,000
Chief. Weather Bureau— Charles F. Marvin,
(Ohio) 5.000
Chief, Bureau of Animal Industry— John R.
Mohler (Pa.) 5,000
Chief, Bureau of Plant Industry— William
A. Taylor (Mich.) 6,000
Chief, Bureau of Chemistry— Carl L. Als-
berg (Mass.) 6.000
Chief, Bureau of Soils— M. Whitney (Md.) 4.000
Chief, Bureau of Entomology— L. O. How-
ard (N. Y.) 4.500
Chief. Bureau of Biological Survey— E. W.
Nelson (Ariz.) 3.500
Chief. Bureau of Crop Estimates— Leon M.
Estabrook (Tex.) 4,000
Chief. Division of Accounts and Disburse-
ments—A. Zappone (D. C.) 4,000
Chief, Division of Publications— Edwy B.
Reid (Mass.) 3.500
Chief. Bureau of Markets— Charles J. Brand
(111.) 4.500
Director, States Relations Service — A. C.
True (Conn.) 4.500
Director, Bureau of Public Roads— L. W.
Page (Mass.) 4.500
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
Secretary— Franklin K. Lane (Cal.) $12,000
First Assistant Secretary— Alexander T.
Vogelsang (Cal,) 5,000
Assistant Secretary— Selden G. Hopkins
(Wyo.) 4.500
Chief Clerk— Ezekiel J. Ayers (N. J.) 4,000
Solicitor— Charles D. Mahaffle (Ore.) 5,000
General Land Office.
Commissioner— Clay Tallman (Nev.) 5.000
Asst. Commissioner— Chas. M. Bruce (Va.) 3,500
Chief Clerk— Frank Bond (Wyo.) 2,750
Office of Indian Affairs.
Commissioner — Cato Sells (Tex.) 5.000
Asst. Commissioner— E. B. Meritt (Ark.).. 3,500
Chief Clerk— Charles F. Hauke (Wash.).. 2.750
Pension Office. Salary.
Commissioner— Gaylord M. Saltzgaber (O.) $5,000
Deputy Com'r— Edward C. Tieman (Mo.)... 3600
Chief Clerk— Frank D. Byington (Md.).... 2.500
Medical Referee — Thomas Featherstonhaugh
(N. Y.) 3.000
Patent Office.
Commissioner— James T. Newton (Ga.) $5,000
First Assistant Commissioner — Robert F.
Whitehead (Va.) 4.500
Bureau of Education.
Commissioner— Philander P. Claxton (Tenn.) 5 000
Chief Clerk— James F. Abel (Nev.) 2,000
Geological Survey.
Director— George Otis Smith (Me.)...; 6.000
Chief Clerk— Henry C. Rizer (Has.) 2.500
Reclamation Service.
Director and Chief Engineer— Arthur P.
Davis (Kas.) 7,500
Chief Counsel— Will- R. King (Ore.) 6,000
Chief Clerk— Charles H. Fitch (Ariz.) 2,160
Bureau of Mines.
Director— Van H. Manning (Miss.) 6,000
Chief Clerk— Frederick J. Bailey (Vt.) 2.500
National Park Service.
Director— Stephen T. Mather (111.) 4.500
Asst. Director— Horace M. Albright (Cal.). 2,500
Chief Clerk— Frank W. Griffith (N. Y.).... 2,000
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.
Chairman — Winthrop M. Daniels (N. J.).. $10,000
Commissioners— Edgar B. Clark (Iowa) 10,000
James S. Harlan (111.) 10.000
Charles C. McChord (Ky.) 10,000
Balthasar H. Meyer (Wis.) -10000
Henry C. Hall (Col.) 10.000
Clyde B. Aitchison {.Ore.) 10,000
Robert W. Wooley (Va.) 10,000
George W. Anderson (Mase.) 10,000
Secretary— George B. McGinty (Ga.) 5,000
Asst. Secretary— Alfred Holmead (D. C.) 3,600
Chief Clerk— W. M. Lockwood (D. C.) 3,000
Asst. to the Secretary— T. A. Gillis (Pa.) 2.400
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
Public Printer— Cornelius Ford (N. J.) $5,500
Deputy Pub. Printer— D. V. Chisholm(S. C.) 4,500
Chief Clerk— John L. Alverson (Ky.) 2,500
Private Secretary— Joseph P. O'Lone (N. J.) 2,500
Supt. of Work— T. F. Morgan (Va.) 3,600
Supt. of Documents— J. H. Brinker (Miss.) 3,500
Purchasing Agent-"-Edward S. Moore (Wis.) 3,600
UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE
COMMISSION.
Commissioners— John A. Mcllhenny (La.).
president $4,500
Charles M. Galloway (S. C.) 4,000
Herman W. Craven (Wash.) 4,000
Chief Examiner— George R. Wales (Vt.).... 3,500
Secretary— John T. Doyle (N. Y.) 2,500
According to the census of 1910 there were
then in the United States 3.555 persons 100
years of age or over. Of these. 1.380 were men
and 2.175 were women. Classified according1 to
the color they were: White men, 326: white
women, 438: total, 764: negro men, 1,004: ne-
gro women, 1,671; total, 2,675: Indian men.
50: Indian women, 66: total, 116. Classified
as to place of birth, 439 were native white
and 293 foreign born white. The number of
centenarians reported by the census of 1900
was 3,504. "It may be noted." says a census
report in commenting1 on these figures, "that
the proportion of centenarians according1 to the
•census returns was less in 1910 than In 1900.
In fact, the proportion has steadily decreased
•from census to census for over half a century.
The number of centenarians reported in 1910
was equal to 4 for each 100,000 of the total
CENTENARIANS IN THE UNITED STATES.
population, while the corresponding ratio in
1850 was 11. It is improbable that any such
decrease in longevity has actually occurred. By
no means have all those who report themselves
as 100 years old or more, in fact, reached that
age, and the apparent reduction in the propor-
tion of centenarians is probably due to greater
accuracy in the returns."
Deaths of centenarians reported from Nov. 1.
1917. to Nov. 1, 1918:
Clarke, Mrs. M. E., 100, 1445 Chase avenue,
Chicago, Oct. 17.
Falconer. Laughlin. 100, Chicago, Nov. 10, 1917.
French, James, 104, Harrisburg, 111., April 15. •
Levinson. Mrs. Sarah, 101, 660 West 14th ,
street. Chicago. June 3.
Osier. Elijah. 105. East Chicago, Ind., Jan 20.
Senescu, Pauline, 104, Chicago. Sept. 20.
Stallard. Mrs. C.. 109, Hilliard. Ky., Feb. 8.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
229
Jtierai Jfutntctarg.
SUPREME COURT.
Salaries: Chief justice, $15,000: Justices,
$14.500: clerk, $6,000; marshal, $4,500; re-
porter. $4.500.
Chief Justice— Edward D. White. La ...... *1910
Associate Justices — Joseph McKenna, Cal..l898
Oliver W. Holmes. Massachusetts ........ 1902
William R. Day. Ohio ................... 1903
Willis Van Devanter, Wyoming" ........... 1910
Mahlon Pitney. New Jersey ............. 1912
James C. McKeynolds. Tennessee ......... 1914
Louis D. Brandeis, Massachusetts ........ 1916
John H. Clarke, Ohio ................... 1916
Clerk— James D. Maher .................... 1913
Marshal— Frank K. Green. Diet, of Col.. ..1915
Reporter — Ernest Knaebel, Colorado ...... .1916
•Appointed associate justice. 1894,
COURT OF CLAIMS.
Salaries of judges. $6.000 each; chief Jus-
tice, $6.600.
Chief Justice— Edward K. Campbell, Ala.. 1913
Judges— Fenton W. Booth, Illinois ......... 1905
Samuel S. Barney, Wisconsin ........ ....1906
George E. Downey, Indiana ............... 1915
James Hay, Virginia .................... 1916
COURT OF CUSTOMS APPEALS.
Acts of Aug. 5. 1909. and Feb. 25, 1910.
Salaries: Judg-es, $7,000 each; marshal, $3.-
000: clerk. $3,500.
Presiding1 Judge — R. M. Montgomery, Mich.1910
Associate Judges — James F. Smith, Cal...l910
Orion M. Barber, Vermont ................ 1910
Marion De Vries, California ............. 1910
George E. Martin, Ohio ................. 1911
Marshal— Frank K. Green. Dist. of Col.... 1916
Clerk— A. B. Shelton.DBt.af. Columbia .
CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS.
First Circuit — Judges: Mr. Justice Oliver W.
Holmes; circuit judges, George H. Bingham,
Charles F. Johnson; district judges, Clarence
Hale. Arthur L. Brown. Edgar Aldrich, James
M. Morton, Jr.
Second Cireuit^Judges : Mr. Justice Louis D.
Brandeis: circuit judges, Henry G. Ward,
Henry Wade Rogers, Charles M. Hough, Mar-
tin T. Manton; district judges. Julius M.
Mayer, George W. Ray. John R. Hazel, Thom-
as I. Chatfield, Learned Hand, Edwin S.
Thomas, Augustus N. Hand, Harland B.
Howe, John Clark Knox, Edwin L. Garvin.
Third Circuit— Judges : Mr. Justice Mahlon Pit-
ney: circuit judges, Victor B. Woolley. Joseph
Buffington. John B. McPherson; district
judges, J. W. Thompson, John Rellstab,
Charles P. Orr, Charles B. Witmer, Thomas
G. Haight, Oliver B. Dickinson, W. H. Seward
Thompson. J. Warren Davis.
Fourth Circuit — Judges: Mr. Chief Justice Ed-
ward D. White: circuit judges, Jeter C.
Pritchard. Charles A. Woods, Martin A.
Knapp; district judges. Benjamin F. Keller.
Henry G. Connor, James E. Boyd, Edmund
Waddill, Jr., H. Clay McDowell, Alston G.
Dayton, John C. Rose, Henry A. M. Smith,
Joseph T. Johnson.
Fifth Circuit — Judges: Mr. Justice James C.
McReynolds: circuit judges, D. A. Pardee,
Rpbert Lynn Batts. Richard W. Walker: dis-
trict judges, W. T. Newman, Emory Speer,
H. C. Niles. Edward R. Meek, William I.
Grubb, Rufus E. Foster, William B. Sheppard,
Gordon Russell. Rhydon M. Call, Henry D.
Clayton. William H. Jackson Robert T. Er-
vin, DuVal West, W. R. Smith, Beverly D.
Evans. George W. Jack. Joseph C. Hutche-
son. Jr.
Sixth Circuit — Judges: Mr. Justice William R.
Day: circuit judges, Arthur C. Denison, Loyal
E. Knappen, John W. Warring-ton: district
judges. Walter Evans. A. M. J. Cochran. John
E. McCall, John E. Sater. Edward T. Sanford,
Clarence W. Sessions. J. M. Killits, H. C. Hoi-
lister. Arthur J. Tuttle, D, C. Westhaver.
Seventh Circuit-^-Judges : Mr. Justice John H.
Clarke: circuit judges, Francis E. Baker.
Samuel Alschuler, Julian W. Mack. Evan A.
Evans; district judges, Albert B. Anderson.
K. M. Landis. A. L. Sanborn, George A. Car-
penter, Ferdinand A. Geiger. George W. Eng-
lish.
Eighth Circuit-fudges: Mr. Justice Willis Van
Devanter; circuit judges. W. H. Sanborn, Wil-
liam C. Hook, Kimbrough Stone, Walter I.
Smith, John E. Carland; district judges. Page
Morris, Jacob Trieber. J. A. Riner, Charles F.
Amidon, Henry T. Reed, J. C. Pollock, D. P.
Dyer, R, E. Campbell. J. H. Cotteral, Robert
E. Lewis, Wilbur F. Booth, A. S. Van Valken-
burgh, Frank A. Youmans. James D. Elliott,
Martin J. Wade, Tillman D. Johnson, Thomas
C. Munger. Joseph W. Woodrough. Colia
Neblett.
Ninth Circuit— Judges: Mr. Justice Joseph Mc-
Kenna: circuit judges, .E. M. Ross, William B.
Gilbert. W. W. Morrow, William H. Hunt;
district judges, C. E. Wolverton. William C.
Van Fleet. E S. Farrington, F. S. Dietrich. R.
S. Bean, E. E. Cushman, Frank H. Rudkin.
George M. Bourquin. Jeremiah Neterer, Mau-
rice T. Dooling, William H. Sawtelle, Benja-
min F. Bledsoe, Oscar A. Trippet.
CIRCUIT COURT JUDGES.
Salaries of circuit judges. $7.000 each.
First Judicial Circuit— Districts of Maine. New
Hampshire. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Por-
to Rico. Circuit judges, George H. Bingham.
Concord, N. H.. June 5, 1913; Charles F.
Johnson, Portland, Me., Oct. 1, 1917.
Second Judicial Circuit— Districts of Vermont
Connecticut, New York. Circuit judges Henry
G. Ward. New York, N. Y.. Dec. 17 1907-
Henry Wade Rogers, New Haven, Conn., Sept'
28, 1913; Charles M. Hough. 1916: Martin
T. Manton. Brooklyn. N. Y.. March 18. 1918.
Third Judicial Circuit — Districts of New Jer-
sey, Pennsylvania. Delaware. Circuit judges
Joseph Buffington, Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 25
1906; John B. McPherson, Philadelphia, Pa.
April 3, 1912; Victor B. Woolley, Wilming-
. ton, Del.. Aug. 12. 1914.
Fourth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Maryland.
Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina. South
Carolina. Circuit judges. Jeter C. Pritchard.
Asheville. N. C., April 27, 1904; Charles A.
Woods. Marion, S. C.. June 5, 1913; Martin
A. Knapp, Washington, D. C., Dec. 20, 1910.
Fifth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Georgia,
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi. Louisiana. Tex-
as. Canal Zone. Circuit judges, Don A. Par-
dee. Atlanta. Ga.. May 13, 1881; Richard W.
Walker. Huntsville, Ala., Oct. 6, 1914: Rob-
ert Lynn Batts, Austin. Tex., Feb. 5, 1917.
Sixth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Ohio, Mich-
igan, Kentucky. Tennessee. Circuit judges.
Arthur C. Denison, Grand Rapids, Mich.. Oct.
3. 1911: John W. Warrington. Cincinnati, O..
March 16, 1909; Loyal E. Knappen, Grand
Rapids, Mich.. Jan. 31, 1910.
Seventh Judicial Circuit— Districts of Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin. Circuit judges, Francis E.
Baker, Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 21, 1902;
I Julian W. Mack, Chicago. 111., Jan. 31, 1911;
Samuel Alschuler, Chicago, 111.. Aug. 16.
1915: Evan A. Evans, Madison. Wis.. May
Eighth Judicial Circuit— Districts of Minnesota,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Iowa,
Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Nebraska, Colo-
rado. Utah. New Mexico. Oklahoma. Circuit
judges. W. H. Sanborn, St. Paul, Minn., March
17, 1802; William C. Hook, Leavenworth,
Kas., Nov. 17, 1903; John E. Carland. Wash-
ington. D. C.. Jan. 31. 1911: Walter I. Smith,
Council Bluffs. Iowa. Jan. 31. 1911: Kim-
brough Stone, Kansas City. Mo,, Dec. 21, 1916.
230
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Ninth Judicial Circuit — Districts of California.
Montana. Washington. Idaho. Oregon. Nevada,
Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii. Circuit judges, E,
M. Boss. Los Angeles, Cal.. Feb. 22. 1895:
W. B. Gilbert. Portland, Ore., March 18, 1892;
William W. Morrow. San Francisco. Cal.. May
20. 1897; William H. Hunt. Washington.
D. C.. Jan. 31. 1911.
. .Maysville . .
. Louisville . .
. .New Orleans.
. .Shreveport . .
. Portland
JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS.
With date of commission. Salaries, $6,000 each.
Alabama — Northern and middle diBts.Henry D. Clayton Montgomery . . .May 2 1914
Southern district .Robert T. Ervin Mobile Jan. 23. 1917
Northern district William I. Grubb Birmingham . ..May 30. 1908
Alaska— First district Robert W. Jennings Juneau June 8, 1917
Second district William A. Holzhelmer Nome Oct. 5, 1917
Third district Frederick M. Brown Valdez July 12, 1917
Fourth district Charles E. Bunnel Fairbanks . . . .Jan. 5, 1915
Arizona William H, Sawtelle Tucson Aug. 18, 1913
Arkansas — Eastern district Jacob Trieber Little Bock. . . .Jan. 9, 1901
Western district Frank A. Youmans Fort Smith June 20, 1911
California — Northern district Maurice T. Dooling San Francisco .. July 28, 1913
William C. Van Fleet .San Francisco .. Dec. 17. 1907
Southern district. . .' Benjamin F. Bledsoe Los Angeles. . . .Oct. 16, 1914
Oscar A. Trippett Los Angeles. .. .Mar. 3. 1915
Canal Zone John W. Hanan Ancon Oct. 28, 1918
Coloradp Robert E. Lewis Denver Apr. 10, 1906
Connecticut Edwin S. Thomas New Haven. . . .Nov. 17, 1913
Delaware (Vacancy)
District of Columbia Seth Shepard, Ch. J Washington . . . Jan. 5. 1906
Florida — Northern district William B. Sheppard Pensacola May 20. 1908
Southern district Bhydon M. Call Jacksonville ...Apr. 24, 1913
Georgia— Northern district William T. Newman Atlanta Aug. 13. 1886
Southern district Emory Speer Macon Feb. 18, 1885
Beverly D. Evans Savannah Aug. 15, 1917
Hawaii James L. Coke Honolulu Mar. 3, 1918
Idaho Frank S. Dietrich Boise Dec. 17. 1907
Illinois — northern district Kenesaw M. Landis Chicago Mar. 18, 1905
George A. Carpenter Chicago Jan. 11, 1910
Eastern district George W. English Danville May 3, 1918
Southern district ( Vacancy)
Indiana A. B. Anderson Indianapolis . . .Dec. 8, 1902
Iowa — Northern district Henry T. Reed Cresco . Mar. 7, 1904
Southern district Martin J. Wade Davenport . . . .Mar. 3, 1915
Kansas John C. Pollock Kansas City Dec. 1. 1901
Kentucky — Eastern district A. M. J. Cochran
Western district Walter Evans
Louisiana — Eastern district Bufus E. Foster
Western district George W. Jack
Maine Clarence Hale,
Maryland John C. Bose
Massachusetts James M. Morton, Jr. .
Michigan— Eastern district Arthur J. Tuttle Detroit Aug. 6, 1912
Western district C. W. Sessions Grand Bapids. .Oct. 3, 1911
Minnesota Wilbur F. Booth Duluth July 1, 1908
Page Morris .Minneapolis . . .May 4, 1914
Mississippi — Two districts Henry C. Niles JCosciuskO' Jan. 11, 1902
Missouri— Eastern district David P. Dyer °* T — J- "—
Western district.' A. S. Van Valkenburgh.
Montana George M. Bourquin
Nebraska T. C. Munger. . . .* .Lincoln Mar. 1, 1907
Joseph W. Woodrough .Omaha Apr. 3, 1916
Nevada E. S. Farrington .Carson Jan. 10, 1907
New Hampshire Edgar Aldrich Littleton Feb. 20, 1891
New Jersey John Bellstab Trenton May 18, 1909
Thomas G. Height Newark Feb. 18, 1914
J. Warren Davis Trenton May 15, 1916
New Mexico Colin Neblett Santa Fe Feb. 5, 1917
New York— Northern district George W. Bay Norwich Dec. 8, 1902
Southern district Julius M. Mayer New York city . .Feb. 26, 1912
Augustus N. Hand New Yory city . .Sept. 30, 1914
John Clark Knox New York city.. Apr. 12, 1918
Learned Hand New York city.. Apr. 26, 1909
.Thomas I. Chatfield Brooklyn Jan. 9. 1907
Edwin L. Garvin .Brooklyn Mar. 21, 1918
j .John B. Hazel Buffalo June 5, 1900
North Carolina— Eastern district. . ..Henry G. Connor .Wilson May 25, 1909
Western district James E. Boyd. Greensboro . . . .Jan. 9, 1901
North Dakota Charles F. Amidon .Fargo Feb. 18, 1897
Ohio — Northern district D. C. Westhaver Cleveland Mar. 14, 1917
John M. Killits .Toledo June 24, 1910
Southern district H. C. Hollister Cincinnati Mar. 7, 1910
John E. Sater .Columbus May 30, 1908
Oklahoma— Eastern district Balph E. Campbell Muskogee Jan. 13, 1908
Western district John H. Cotteral .Guthrie Jan. 13, 1908
Oregon C. E. Wolverton Portland Jan. 10, 1906
Robert S. Bean Portland Apr. 28, 1909
Pennsylvania— Eastern district Oliver B. Dickinson Philadelphia . . .Apr. 28, 1914
J. Whitaker Thompson Philadelphia . ..July 16, 1912
Middle district Charles B. Witmer .Sunbury May 2. 1911
Western district W. H. S. Thompson Pittsburgh . . . .July 21, 1914
Charles P. Orr Pittsburgh Apr. 8. 1909
.Dec. 17, 1901
..Mar. 3. 1899
.Feb. 2. 1909
.Mar. 16, 1917
..July 1. 1902
...Baltimore Apr. 4, 1910
..Boston Aug. 12, 1912
.St. Louis Mar. 1, 1907
..Kansas City. . ..June 25, 1910
. Butte Mar. 8. 1912
Eastern district
Western district
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
231
Porto Rico Jose C. Hernandez, Ch. J. . .San Juan
Rhode Island Arthur L. Brown .Providence . . .
South Carolina — Eastern district. . . .Henry A. M. Smith Charleston . . '.'
Western district Joseph T. Johnston Greenville ^ . . .
South Dakota James D. Elliott Sioux Falls. . .
Tennessee — Eastern and middle dists.. Edward T. Sanford Knoxville
Western district John E. McCall Memphis
Texas — Eastern district Gordon Russell Tyler
Western district DuVal West San Antonio . . .
W. R. Smith El Paso
Northern district Edw. R. Meek Dallas
Southern district J. C. Hutcheson. Jr Houston
Utah Tillman D. Johnson Salt Lake City
Vermont Harland B. Howe Windsor
Virginia — Eastern district Edmund Waddill, Jr Richmond . . .
Western district H. Clay McDowell Big-stone Gap .
Washington — Western district Edward E. Cushman Tacoma
Jeremiah Neterer Seattle
Eastern district. . i Frank H. Rudkin Spokane
West Virginia— Northern district Alston G. Dayton Phillippi ....
Southern district Benjamin F. Keller Bramwell . . .
Wisconsin — Eastern district Ferdinand A. Geiger Milwaukee . . .
Western district A. L. Sanborn Madison
Wyoming: John A. Riner Cheyenne ....
UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS.
.Apr. 9,
,.Oct. 15.
.June 7,
, .Jan. 24,
..June 7,
.May 18,
.Jan. 17.
.June 6,
.Dec. 21,
.Apr. 12,
.Feb. 15,
.Apr. 6,
.Jan. 18,
.Feb. 22,
.Mar. 22,
.Dec. 18,
.May 1,
.July 21,
.Jan. 31,
.Mar. 14,
.July 1,
.Mar. 20.
. Jan. 9,
.Sept. 22.
1909
1896
1911
1916
1911
1908
1905
1910
1916
1917
1899
1918
1916
1916
1898
1901
1912
1913
1911
1905
1901
1912
1915
1890
Alabama— Northern district, Robert N. Bell, Bir-
mingham ; middle district, Thomas D. Samford,
Montgomery ; southern district, Alexander D.
Pitts. Mobile.
Alaska — First division, James A. Smiser, Juneau ;
second division, George B. Mundy, Nome ; third
division, William A. Munly, Valdez; fourth di-
vision, R. F. Roth, Fairbanks.
Arizona — Thomas A. Flynn, Phoenix.
Arkansas— Eastern district, William H. Martin,
Little Rock ; western district, E. O. Mahoney,
Fort Smith.
California— Northern district, Mrs. Annette A.
Adams, San Francisco ; southern district, John
R. O'Connor, Los Angeles.
Canal Zone — Charles R. Williams, Ancon.
Colorado— Harry B. Tedrow, Denver.
Connecticut — Thomas J. Spellacy, Hartford.
Delaware — Charles F. Curley, Wilmington.
District of Columbia— John E. Laskey, Washing-
ton.
Florida— Northern district, John L. Neeley. Pen-
sacola ; southern district, Herbert S. Phillips,
Tampa.
Georgia— Northern district, Hooper Alexander,
Atlanta; southern district. Earl M. Donalson,
Macon.
Hawaii— S. O. Huber, Honolulu.
Idaho— James L. MoOlear. Boise.
Illinois— Northern district, Charles F. Clyne,
Chicago; eastern district, Charles A. Karch,
Danville: southern district, Fxlward C. Knotts,
Springfield.
Indiana— L. E. Slack, Indianapolis.
Iowa — Northern district, Frank A. O'Connor,
Sioux City; southern district, Claade R. Por-
ter, Ottumwa.
Kansas — Fred Robertson. Topeka.
Kentucky— Western district, Perry B. Miller,
Louisville; eastern district, Thomas D. Slat-
tery, Oovington.
Louisiana — Eastern district, Joseph W. Mont-
gomery, New Orleans; western district, Jo-
seph Moore, Shreveport.
Maine— John F. A. Merrill, Portland.
Maryland — Samuel K. Dennis, Baltimore.
Massachusetts — Thomas J. Boynton, Boston.
Michigan — Eastern district. John E. Kinnane,
Detroit; western district, Myron H. Walker,
Grand Rapids.
Minnesota— Alfred Jaques, St. Paul.
Mississippi— Northern district Wilson S. Hill,
Oxford; southern district, Joseph W. George,
Jackson.
Missouri— Eastern district, Arthur L. Oliver. St.
Louis; western district, Francis M. Wilson,
Kansas City.
Montana— Edward O. Day, Helena.
Nebraska— Thomas S. Allen, Omaha.
Nevada— William Woodburn, Carson City.
New Hampshire — Fred H. Brown. Concord.
New Jersey — Charles F. Lynch, Newark.
New Mexico — Summers Burkhart, Albuquerque.
New York— Northern district, Dennis B. Lucey,
Utlca; southern district, Francis G. Caffey,
New York city; eastern district, Melville J.
France, Brooklyn; western district, Stephen
T. Lockwood, Buffalo.
North Carolina— Eastern district, James O. Carr,
Raleigh; western district, William O. Ham-
mer, Ashboro.
North Dakota— Melvin A. Hildreth, Fargo.
Ohio— Northern district. Edwin S. Wertz, Cleve-
land; southern district, Stuart R. Bolin, Co-
lumbus.
Oklahoma— Eastern district, W. P. McGlnnis,
Muskogee; western district, John A, Fain,
Guthrie.
Oregon— Bert B. Haney, Portland.
Pennsylvania— Eastern district, Francis F. Kane,
Philadelphia; middle district, Rogers L. Bur-
nett. Scranton; western district, Edwin L.
Humes, Pittsburgh.
Porto Rico— Miles M. Martin, San Juan.
Rhode Island— Harvey A. Baker, Providence.
South Carolina— Eastern district, Francis H.
Weston, Charleston; western district, J. Wil-
liam Thurmond, Greenville.
South Dakota— Robert P. Stewart, Sioux Falls.
Tennessee— Eastern district, William T. Kennerly,
Knoxville; middle district. Lee Douglas, Nash-
ville; western district, W. D. Kyser, Mem-
phis.
Texas— Eastern district, Clarence Merrltt, Paris;
northern district, Wilmot M. Odell, Fort
Worth ; western district, J. L. Oamp, San
Antonio; southern district, John B. Green,
Jr., Houston.
Utah— William W. Ray, Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Vernon A. Bullard, Burlington.
Virginia— Eastern district, Richard H. Mann,
Richmond; western district, Richard E. Byrd,
Roanoke.
Washington— Western district. Robert C. Saun-
ders, Seattle ; eastern district, Francis A. Gar-
recht, Spokane.
West Virginia— Northern district, Stuart W.
Walker, Parkersburg ; southern district, L. H.
Kelly. Huntington.
Wisconsin— Eastern district, H. A. Sawyer, Mil-
waukee; western district, Albert O. Wolfe,
LaCrosse.
Wyoming— Charles L. RIgdon. Cheyenne.
Alabama— Northern district, Henry A. Skeggs,
Birmingham; middle district, McDuffie Cain,
Montgomery; southern district, Christopher G.
Gewin, Mobile.
Alaska— First division, J. M. Tanner, Juneau;
second division, Emmet R. Jordan. Nome;
third division, F. R. Brenneman, Valdez;
fourth division, Lewis T. Erwin. Fairbanks.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Arizona — Joseph P. Dillon, Tucson.
Arkansas — Kastern district, A. Jackson Walls,
Little Rock; western district. John H. Parker,
Fort Smith.
California — Northern district, James B. Holohan,
San Francisco; southern district, Charles T.
Walton, Los Angeles.
Canal Zone — Miguel A. Otero, Ancon.
Colorado — Samuel J. Burris, Denver.
Connecticut— C. C. Middlebrooks, Hartford.
Delaware — Martin F. Farry, Wilmington,
District of Columbia— Maurice Splain. Washing-
ton.
Florida — Northern district, James B. Perkins,
Pensacola; southern district, Nathan H. Bos-
well, Jacksonville.
Georgia— Northern district, Howard Thompson,
Atlanta; southern district, Joseph S. Davis,
Macon.
Hawaii— Jerome J. Smiddy. Honolulu.
Idaho— Leroy C. Jones. Boise.
Illinois— Northern district, John J. Bradley, Chi-
cago ; eastern district, Cooper Stout, Danville ;
southern district, Vincent Y. Dallman, Spring-
field.
Indiana — Mark Storen. Indianapolis.
Iowa — Northern district, E. R. Moore, Dubuque;
southern district, Nicholas F. Reed, Des
Moines.
Kansas— Otho T. Wood, Topeka.
Kentucky— Western district, Edgar H. James,
Louisville ; eastern district, Henry M. Cox,
Covington.
Lohisiana— Eastern district. Frank M. Miller,'
New Orleans; western district, John H. Kirk-
patrick, Shreveport.
Maine— John S. P. H. Wilson, Portland.
Maryland— William W. Stockham, Baltimore.
Massachusetts— John J. Mitchell, Boston.
Michigan— Eastern district, Henry Behrendt, De-
troit; western district, Herman O'Connor,
Grand Rapids.
Minnesota— James A. Wessell, St. Paul.
Mississippi— Northern district, W. S. Vardaman,
Oxford; southern district, John O. Cashman,
Jackson.
Missouri — Eastern district, John F. Lynch, St.
Louis; western district, William A. Sheltxm,
Kansas City.
Montana— Joseph L. Ashbridge, Helena.
Nebraska — Thomas J. Flynn, Omaha.
Nevada— Joseph McEachin, Oarson City.
New Hampshire — Charles J. O'Neill, Concord.
New Jersey — Albert Bollsehweiler. Trenton.
New Mexico— Andrew H. Hudspeth, Santa Fe.
New York — Northern district, Clayton L,
Wheeler, Utica; southern district, Thomas D.
McCarthy, New York city; eastern district,
James M. Power, Brooklyn ; western district,
John D. Lynii, Rochester.
North Carolina— Eastern district, W. T. Dortch,
Raleigh; western district, Charles A. Webb,
Asheville.
North Dakota— Stephen J. Doyle, Fargo.
Ohio — Northern district, Charles W. Lapp, Cleve-
land; southern district, Michael Devanny, Cin-
cinnati.
Oklahoma — Western district, John Q. Newell,
Oklahoma City; eastern district, A. B. Enloe,
Jr.. Muskogee.
Oregon— George F. Alexander, Portland.
Pennsylvania— Eastern district, Frank J. Noonan,
Philadelphia; middle district, James S. Magee,
Scranton; western district, Joseph Howley,
Pittsburgh.
Porto Rico — William R. Bennett, San Juan.
Rhode Island— John J. Richards, Providence.
South Carolina— Eastern district, James L. Sims,
Charleston; western district, .C. J. Lyon,
Greenville.
South Dakota— William Hickey, Sioux Falls,
Tennessee— Eastern district, J. R. Thompson,
Knoxville; middle district, Jonas T. Amis,
Nashville; western district, Stanley H. Treze-
vant, Memphis.
Texas— Eastern district, Benjamin F. Sherrill,
Sherman; northern district (vacancy), Dallas;
western district, John H. Rogers, San Antonio;
southern district, Jacob A. Herring, Galveston.
Utah— Aquila Nebeker, Salt Lake City.
Vermont— Arthur P. Carpenter, Rutland.
Virginia— Eastern district, John G. Saunders,
Norfolk; western district, T. G. Burch, Staun-
ton.
Washington— Eastern district. James E. MeGov-
ern, -Spokane; western district, John M. Boyle,
Tacoma.
West Virginia— Northern district, Clarence E.
Smith, Parkersburg ; southern district, William
Osborne, Huntington.
Wisconsin— Eastern district, Samuel W. Ran-
dolph, Milwaukee ; western district. Frank P.
O'Connor, Madison.
Wyoming— Daniel F. Hudson. Cheyenne.
NEW BRITISH FRANCHISE LAW.
Under £f new franchise law finally passed
by the British parliament in the first week
of February, 1918, and becoming effective im-
mediately, more than 6.000,000 women were
given the full ballot and more than 2,000,000
men were added to the eligible list. Epito-
mized, the new law extends the right to vote
to the following classes:
1. Men pf 21 who have resided six months
in a constituency.
2. Men of 21 who occupy "business prem-
ises" of an annual value of £10 (approxi-
mately $50).
3. Men of 19 who. but for the war, would
have qualified in other respects, and are serv-
ing, or who have served, in his majesty's
forces.
4. Men of 19 abroad or afloat serving in
the Red Cross or St. John ambulance or other
body with a similar object, and who, but for
the war, would have qualified in other re-
spects.
5. Men of 21 serving in the mercantile ma-
rine, and who are on the absent voters' list.
6. Men of 21 who do not come within these
categories, such as caretakers.
7. Men of 21 who are graduates (not hon-
orary) of a university.
8. Women of 30 who are entitled to be local
government electors.
9. Women of 30 who are the wives of men
entitled to be local government electors.
10. Women of 30 who are graduates of a
university.
11. Women of 30 who are abroad or afloat
serving in the Red Cross or any other body
with a similar object, and who, but for the
war, would have been qualified.
12. Women of 30 who are nursing or other-
wise serving in his -majesty's forces at home,
abroad or afloat, and who, but for the war,
would have been Qualified.
The law also regulates and makes uniform
all local elections, providing substantially the
same class of eligibles. The act provides that
any general election must be held on the same
day throughout the kingdom. The old constit-
uencies are wiped out and a redistricting
scheme is provided, each district to be based
on a population of approximately 70,000.
The membership of parliament is increased
from 670 to 702.
The new law disqualifies "conscientious ob-
jectors" not only for the duration of the war
but for a period of five years after the war.
PRODUCTION OF STEEL RAILS IN THE
UNITED STATES.
Year. Tons. I Year. Tons.
1913 3,327,915 1916 2.204,203
1914 3,502,780 1 1917 2.854.518
1915 1.945,095
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
233
Congress.
From March 4, 1917, to March 3, 1919.
SENATE.
President, Thomas B. Marshall, vice-president of the United States: compensation, $12,000
a year. Democrats 51, republicans 45. Compensation ol senators $7,500 a year, term six years.
ALABAMA.
Oscar W. Underwood, Dem Birmingham.. 1921
John II. Bankhead, Dem Jasper. .1919
ARIZONA.
Henry F. Aslmrst, Dem Prescott.,1923
Marcus A. Smith. Dem Tucson.. 1921
ARKANSAS.
William F. Kirby, Dem Little Rock.. 1921
JosepU T. Robinson, Dem Lonoke.,1919
CALIFORNIA.
James D. Phelan, Dem San Francisco.. 1921
Hiram W. Johnson. Rep Sacramento.. 1923
COLORADO.
John F. Shafroth, Dem Denver. .1919
Charles S. Thomas, Dem Denver.. 1921
CONNECTICUT.
Frank B. Brandegee, Rep New London. .1921
George P. McLean, Rep Simsbury..l923
DELAWARE.
Josinh O. Wolcott, Dem Wilmington.. 1923
Willard Saulsbury, Dem Wilmington.. 1919
FLORIDA.
Duncan U. Fletcher, Dem Jacksonville. .1921
Park Trammell, Dem Lakeland.. 1923
GEORGIA.
Thomas W. Hardwick, Dem Sanders ville.. 1919
Hoke Smith, Dem Atlanta. .1921
IDAHO.
John F. Nugent, Dem Boise. .1921
William E. Borah. Rep Boise.. 1919
ILLINOIS.
J. Hamilton Lewis, Dem Chicago.. 1919
Lawrence Y. Sherman, Rep Springfield. J.921
INDIANA.
James E. Watson, Rep Rushville..l921
Harry S. New. Rep Indianapolis.. 1923
IOWA.
Albert B. Cummins, Rep Des Mo1nes..l921
William S. Kenyon, Rep Fort Dodge.. 1919
KANSAS.
Charles Curtis, Rep .' Topeka.,1921
William H. Thompson, Dem. ..Garden City. .1919
KENTUCKY.
J. C. W. Beckhnm, Dem Frank fort.. 1921
George B. Martin. Dem CatlettsburK.,1919
LOUISIANA.
Edward J. Gay, Dem Napoleonville..l921
JosepU E. Ransdell, Dem. .Lake I'rovideuce..l919
MAINE.
Frederick Hale, Rep Portland.. 1923
Bert M. Fernald, Rep W. Poland.. 1919
MARYLAND.
John Walter Smith. Dem Snow Hill. .1921
Joseph I. France. Rep Port Deposit. .1923
MASSACHUSETTS.
Henry Cabot 7x>dge, Rep Nahant.,1923
John W. Weeks, Rep West Newton. .1919
MICHIGAN.
Charles E. Townsend, Rep Jackson.. 1923
William A. Smith. Rep Grand Rapids. .1919
MINNESOTA.
Frank B. KellogR, Rep St. Paul. .1923
Knute Nelson, Rep Alexandria.. 1919
MISSISSIPPI.
John Sharp Williams, Dem Benton.,1923
James K. Vardaman, Dem Jackson. .1919
MISSOURI.
Selden P. Spencer, Rep St. Louis. .1921
James A. Reed, Dem Kansas City.. 1923
MONTANA.
Henry L. Myers, Dem Hamilton.. 1923
NEBRASKA.
Gilbert M. Hitchcock, Dem...^ Omaha.. 1923
George W. Norris, Rep McCook..iai9
NEVADA.
Charles B. Henderson, Dem Elko.,1918
Key Pittman, Dem Touopah.,1923
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
George H. Moses, Rep Concord. .1921
Henry F. Hollls. Dem Concord.. 1919
NEW JERSEY.
Joseph S. Frelinghuysen, Rep.. ..Somerville.. 1923
David Baird, Rep Camden.,1919
NEW MEXICO.
Andfeius A. Jones, Dem East Las Vegas.. 1923
Albert B. Fall, Rep Three Rivers. .1919
NEW YORK.
James W. Wadsworth, Rep Geneseo.,1921
William M. Calder, Rep Brooklyn.. 1923
NORTH CAROLINA.
Lee S. Overman, Dem Salisbury.. 1921
F. M. Simmons, Dem Newbern.,1919
NORTH DAKOTA.
Porter J. McCumber. Rep Wahpeton.,1923
Asle J. Gronna, Rep Lakota.,1921
OHIO.
Warren G. Harding, Rep Marion. .1921
Atlee Pomerene, Dem Canton. .1923
OKLAHOMA.
Thomas P. Gore, Dem....), Lawton.,1921
Robert L. Owen, Dem Muskogee..l919
OREGON.
George E. Chamberlain, Dem Portland.. 1921
Charles L. McNary, Rep Salem. .1919
PENNSYLVANIA.
Boles Penrose, Rep Philadelphia.. 1921
Philander C. Knox, Rep Pittsburgh.. 1923
RHODE ISLAND.
Peter Goelet Gerry, Dem Providence.. 1923
Le Baron B. Colt, Rep Bristol. .1919
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Ellison D. Smith, Dem Florence.. 1921
W. G. Pollock, Dem Columbia.. 1918
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Edwin S. Johnson, Dem Yankton.,1921
Thomas Sterling, Rep Vermilion.. 1919
TENNESSEE.
Kenneth D. McKellar, Dem Memphis.. 1923
John K. Shields, Dem Knoxville.,1919
TEXAS.
Charles A. Culberson, Dem Dallas. .1923
Morris Sheppard, Dem Texarkana.,1919
UTAH.
Reed Smoot, Rep Provo City. 4921
William H. King, Dem Salt Lake City.. 1923
VERMONT.
William P. Dillingham, Rep Montpelier.,1921
Carroll S. Page, Rep Hyde Park... 1 923
VIRGINIA.
Claude A. Swanson, Dem Chatham.. 1923
Thomas S. Martin, Dem Charlottesville..l919
WASHINGTON.
Wesley L. Jones, Rep North Yakima.,1921
Miles Poinflexter, Prog Spokane. .1923
WEST VIRGINIA.
Howard Sutherland, Rep Elkins.,1923
Nathan Golf, Rep .' Clarksburg.. 1919
WISCONSIN.
Irvine L. Lenroot, Rep Superior.. 1921
Robert M. LaFolleUe, Rep Madison. .1923
WYOMING.
John B. Kendrick, Dem Sheridan.. 1923
Thomas J. Walsh, Dem Helena.. 1919 ' Francis E. Warren, Rep Cheyenue..l919
234
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Republicans, 215 ; democrats, 213 ; progressive,
1 ; socialist, 1 ; independents, 3 ; prohibitionists,
2; total. 435. Asterisk (») after name indicates
that member served in 64th congress. fAt large.
Compensation of speaker, $12,000 ; of other mem-
bers, $7,500 a year. Term, two years.
ALABAMA.
1. Oscar L. Gray,* Dem Butler
2. S. H. Dent, Jr.,* Dem Montgomery
3. Henry D. Steagall,* Dem Ozark
4. Frederick L. Blackmon,* Dem Anniston
5. J. Thomas Hefiin,* Dem Lafayette
6. W. B. Oliver,* Dem Tuscaloosa
7. John L. Burnett,* Dem Gadsden
8. Edward B. Almon,* Dem Tuscumbia
9. George Huddleston,* Dem Birmingham
10. W. B. Bankhead, Dem Jasper
ARIZONA.
Carl Hayden,*t Dem Phoenix
ARKANSAS.
1. T. H. Caraway,* Dem Jonesboro
2. W. A. Oldfield,* Dem Batesville
3. J. N. Tillman,* Dem Fayetteville
4. Otis Wingo,* Dem DeQueen
5. H. M. Jacoway,* Dem Dardanelle
6. Samuel M. Taylor.* Dem Pine Bluff
7. William S. Goodwin,* Dem Warren
CALIFORNIA.
1. Clarence F. Lea, Dem Santa Rosa
2. John E. Raker,* Dem Alturas
3. Charles F. Curry,* Rep Sacramento
4. Julius Kahn,* Rep San Francisco
5. John I. Nolan,* Rep San Francisco
6. John A. Elston,* Rep Berkeley
7. Denver S. Church,* Dem Fresno
8. Everis A. Hayes,* Rep Eden Vale
9. Charles H. Randall,* Proh Los Angeles
10. Henry Z. Osborne, Rep Los Anzeles
11. William Kettner,* Dem San Diego
COLORADO.
1. Benjamin C. Hilllard,* Dem Denver
2. Charles B. Timberlake,* Rep Sterling
S.Edward Keating,* Dem Pueblo
4. Edward T. Taylor,* Dem — Glenwood Springs
CONNECTICUT.
1. Augustine Lonergan. Dem Hartford
2. Richard P. Freeman,* Rep New London
3. John Q. Tllson.* Rep Meriden
4. Schuyler Merrltt, Rep Stamford
6. Jemes P. <31ynn,» Rep Winsted
DELAWARE.
Albert F. Polk.t Dem Georgetown
FLORIDA.
1. Herbert J. Drane, Dem Lakeland
2. Frank Clark,* Dem Gainesville
3. Walter Kehce, Dem Pensacola
4. William J. Sears,* Dem Kissimmee
GEORGIA.
1. J. W. Overstreet, Dem Savannah
2. Frank Park,* Dem Sylvester
3. Charles R. Crisp.* Dem Americus
4. William C. Adamson.* Dem Carrollton
5. William Schley Howard,* Dem Kirkwood
6. J. W. Wise,* Dem Fayetteville
7. Gordon Lee,* Dem Chickamauga
8. Charles H. Brand, Dem Athens
S.Thomas M. Bell.* Dem Gainesville
10. Carl Vlnson.* Dem Milledijeville
11. John R. Walker,* Dem Valdosta
12. W. W. Larsen, Dem Dublin
IDAHO.
Burton L. French. t Rep Moscow
Addison T. Smith, *t Rep Twin Falls
ILLINOIS.
Medlll McCormlck.t Rep Chicago
William E. Mason, t Rep Chicago
1. Martin B. Madden,* Rep Chicago
2. James R. Mann.* Rep Chicago
3. William W. Wilson.* Rep." Chicago
4. John W. Ralney. Dem Chicago
5. Adolph J. Sabath,* Dem Chicago
6. James McAndrews,* Dem Chicago
7. Niels Juul, Rep Chicago
S.Thomas Gallagher,* Dem... Chicago
9. Fred A. Britten,* Rep... Chicago
10. George Edmund Foss,* Rep Chicago
11. Ira C. Copley,* Rep Aurora
12. Charles B. Fuller,* Rep Belvidere
13. John C. McKenzie,* Rep Elizabeth
14. William J. Graham, Rep Aledo
15. Edward J. King,* Rep Galesburg
16. Clifford Ireland, Rep Peoria
17. Frank L. Smith, Rep Bloomington
18. Joseph G, Cannon.* Rep Danville
19. William B. McKinley,* Rep Champaign
20. Henry T. Rainey,* Dem Carrollton
21. Loren E. Wheeler,* Rep Springfield
22. William A. Rodenberg,* Rep... East St. Louis
23. Martin D. Foster,* Dem Olney
24. Thomas S. Williams.* Rep Louisville
25. Edward E. Denison,* Rep Marion
INDIANA.
1. George K. Denton, Dem Evansville
2. Oscar E. Bland, Rep Linton
3. William E. Cox,* Dem Jasper
4. Lincoln Dixon,* Dem North Vernon
5. Everett Sanders, Rep Terre Haute
6. Richard N. Elliott, Rep Richmond
7 Merrill Moores,* Rep Indianapolis
8 Albert H. Vestal. Rep :.. Anderson
9. Fred S. Purnell, Rep Attica
10. William R. Wood,* Rep Lafayette
11. Milton Kraus, Rep Peru
12. Louis W. Fairfield, Rep Angola
13. Henry A. Barnhart.* Dem Rochester
IOWA.
I.Charles A. Kennedy,* Rep Montrose
2. Hairy E. Hull,* Rep Williamsburg
3. Burton E. Sweet,* Rep Waverly
4. Gilbert N. Haugen,* Rep Northwood
5. James W. Good,* Rep Cedar Rapids
6. C. W. Ramseyer,* Rep Bloomfield
7. Cassius C. Dowell,* Rep Des Molnes
8. Horace M. Towner,* Rep...- Corning
9. William R. Green,* Rep Council Bluffs
10. Frank P. Woods,* Rep Estherville
11. George C. Scott. Rep Sioux City
KANSAS.
1. D. R. Anthony. Jr.,* Rep Leavenworth
2. E. C. Little, Rep Kansas City
3. P. P. Campbell,* Rep Pittsburg
4. Dudley Doolittle,* Dem Strong City
6. Guy T. Helverling,* Dem Marysville
6. John R. Connelly,* Dem Colby
7. Jouett Shouse, Dem Kinsley
8. William A. Ayers, Dem Wichita
KENTUCKY.
1. Alben W. Bnrkley.* Dem Padncah
2. David H. Kinehuloe.* Dem Madisonville
3. Robert Y. Thomas, Jr.,* Dem Central City
4. Ben Johnson,* Dem Bardstown
5. Swager SUerley,* Dem Louisville
B.Arthur B. Rouse,* Dem Burlington
7. J. Campbell Cantrill,* Dem Georgetown
S.Harvey Helm,* Dem Stanford
9. W. J. Fields,* Dem Olive Hill
10. John W. Lansley.* Rep Pikeville
11. Caleb Powers, * Rep Barbourville
LOUISIANA.
1. Albert Estopinal,* Dem St. Bernard
2. H. Garland Dupre,* Dem New Orleans
3. Whitmell P. Martin,* Prog. -Proh... Thibodaux
4. John T. Watkins,* Dem Minden
5. Riley J. Wilson,* Dem Harrisonburg
6. Jared Y. Sanders. Dem Bogalusa
7. Ladislas Laznro.* Dem Washington
8. James B. Aswell,* Dem Natchitocnes
MAINE.
1. Louis B. Goodall, Rep Sanford
2. Wallace H. White, Jr., Rep Lewiston
3. John A. Peters,* Rep Ellsworth
4. Ira G, Hersey, Rep Houlton
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
235
MARYLAND.
I.Jesse D. Price.* Dem Salisbury
2. William K. Andrews. Rep Cambridge
3. Charles P. Coady,* Dem lialtimore
4. J. Charles Linthicum,* Dem lialtimore
5. Sydney E. Mudd,* Rep La Plata
6. Frederick N. Zililman. Rep Cumberland
MASSACHUSETTS.
1. Allen T. Treadway,* Rep Stockbridge
2. Frederick H. Gillett.* Rep Springfield
S.Calvin D. Paige,* Rep Southbridge
4. Samuel B. Winslow,* Rep Worcester
5. John J. Rogers.* Rep Lowell
6. Wilfred H. Lufkin. Rep Essex
T.Michael F. Phelan.* Dem Lynu
S.Frederick W. Dallinger,* Rep Cambridge
9. Alvan T. Fuller. Ind Maiden
10. Peter F. Tague,* Dem Boston
11. George H. Tinkham,* Rep Boston
12. James A. Gallivan.* Dem Boston
13. William H. Carter.* Rep Needham
14. Richard Olney II.,* Dem Dedham
15. William S. Greene,* Rep Fall River
16. Joseph Walsh,* Rep New Bedford
MICHIGAN.
1. Frank E. Doremus,* Dem Detroit
2. Mark R. Bacon, Rep Wyandotte
3. J. M. C. Smith,* Rep Charlotte
4. Edward L. Hamilton,* Rep Niles
6. Carl E. Mapes,* Rep Grand Rapids
6. Patrick H. Kelley,* Rep Lansing
T.Louis C. Cramton,* Rep Lapeer
8. Joseph W. Fordney,* Rep Saginaw
9. James C. McLaughlin,* Rep Muskegon
10. Gilbert A. Currie. Rep Bay City
11-. Frank D. Scott,* Rep Alpena
12. W. Frank James,* Rep Hancock
13. Charles A. Nichols,* Rep Detroit
MINNESOTA.
1. Sydney Anderson,* Rep Lanesboro
2. Franklin F. Ellsworth,* Rep Mankato
3. Charles R. Davis,* Rep St. Peter
4. Carl C. Van Dyke.* Dem St. Paul
B.Ernest Lundeen, Rep Minneapolis
6. Harold Knutson. Rep St. Cloud
T. Andrew J. Volstead,* Rep Granite Falls'
8. Clarence B. Miller.* Rep Duluth
9. Halvor Steenerson.* Rep Crookston
10. Thomas D. Schall.* Prog Minneapolis
MISSISSIPPI.
1. Ezekiel 8. Candler. Jr..* Dem Corinth
2. Hubert D. Stephens,* Dem New Albany
3. Benjamin G. Humphreys,* Dem.... Greenville
4. Thomas U. Sisson.* Dem Winona
5. William W. Venable,* Dem Meridian
6. Pat Harrison,* Dem Gulfport
T. Percy E. Quinn,* Dem McComb City
8. James W. Collier.* Dem Vicksburg
MISSOURI.
1. M. A. Romjue, Dem Macon
2. William W. Rucker,* Dem Keytesvllle
S.Joshua W. Alexander,* Dem Gallatin
4. Charles F. Booher.* Dem Savannah
5. William P. Borland,* Dem Kansas City
6. Clement C. Dickinson,* Dem Clinton
T. Courtney W. Hamlin,* Dem Springfield
8. Dorsey W. Shackleford,* Dem...Teflfprson City
9. Champ Clark,* Dem Bowling Green
10. Cleveland Newton, Rep St. Louis
11. William L. Igoe,* Dem St. Louis
12. Loon id as C. Dyer,* Rep St. Louis
13. Walter L. Hensley,* Dem Farmingtou
14. Joseph J. Russell,* Dem Charleston
15. Perl D. Decker.* Dem Joplin
16. Thomas L. Rubey,* Dem Lebanon
MONTANA.
Miss Jeannette Rankin.f Rep Missoula
John M. Evans,*t Dem Missoula
NEBRASKA.
1. C. Frank Reavis,* Rep Falls City
2. Charles O. Lobeck,* Dem Omaha
S.Dan V. Stephens,* Dem Fremont
4. Charles H. Sloan,* Rep Geneva
5. A. C. Shallenberger,* Dem Alma
6. Moses P. Kinkaid,* Rep O'Nrill
NEVADA.
B. E. Roberts.*! Rep Carson City
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Sherman E. Burroughs, Rep Manchester
Bdward H. Wason,* Rep Nashua
NEW JERSEY.
William J. Browning,* Rep Caniden
Isaac Bacharach,* Rep Atlantic City
Thomas J. Scully,* Dem South Amboy
Elijah C. Hutchinson,* Rep Trenton
John H. Capstick,* Rep Montville
John R. Ramsey, Rep Hackensack
Dow H. Drukker,* Rep Passaic
Edward W.. Gray,* Rep Newark
Richard Wayne Parker.* Rep Newark
Frederick 'R. Lehlbach.* Rep Newark
John J. Eagan,* Dem Weehawken
James A. Hamill.* Dem Jersey City
NEW MEXICO.
William B. Walton.t Dem Silver City
NEW YORK.
Frederick C. Hicks. Rep New York
Charles Pope Caldwell.* Dem New York
Joseph V. Flynn,* Dem Brooklyn
Harry H. Dale,* Dem Brooklyn
James P. Maher.* Dem Brooklyn
Frederick W. Rowe,* Rep Brooklyn
John J. Delaney, Dem Brooklyn
William E. deary, Dem Brooklyn
Oscar W. Swift,* Rep Brooklyn
Reuben L. Haskell,* Rep Brooklyn
Daniel J. Riordan.* Dem New York
Meyer London,* Soc New York
Christopher D. Sullivan, Dem New York
Fiorello H. La Guardia, Rep New York
Thomas F. Smith. Dem New 'York
Peter J. Dooling.* Dem New York
John F. Carew,* Dem New York
George B. Francis, Rep ...New York
Walter M. Chandler,* Rep New York
Isaac Siegel,* Rep New York
Jerome F. Donovan, Dem New York
Anthony J. Griffin, Dem New York
Daniel'C. Oliver, Dem New York
Benjamin L. Falrchild, Rep Pelham
James W. Husted.* Rep Peekskill
Edmund Platt,* Rep Poughkeepsie
Charles B. Ward,* Rep Debruce
Rollin B. Sanford,* Rep Albany
James S. Parker.* Rep Salem
George R. Lunn, Dem Schenectady
Bertrand H. Snell.* Rep Potsdam
Luther W. Mott.* Rep Oswego
Homer P. Snyder,* Rep Little Falls
George W. Fairchild.* Rep Oneonta
Walter W. Magee.* Rep Syracuse
Norman J. Gould,* Rep Seneca Falls
Harry H. Pratt.* Rep Corning
Thomas B. Dunn,* Rep Rochester
Archie D. Sanders, Rep Stafford
S. Wallace Dempsey,* Rep Lockport
Charles B. Smith,* Dem Buffalo
William F. Waldow. Rep Buffalo
Charles M. Hamilton.* Rep Ripley
NORTH CAROLINA.
John H. Small.* Dem Washington
Claude Kitchin.* Dem Scotland Neck
George E. Hood,* Dem Goldsboro
Edward W. Pou.* Dem , Smithfield
Charles M. Stedman.* Dem Greensboro
H. L. Godwin,* Dem Dunn
Lconidas D. Robinson, Dem Wadesboro
R. L. Doughton,* Dem Laurel Springs
Edwin Y. Webb.* Dem Shelby
Zebulon Weaver, Dem Asheville
NORTH DAKOTA.
John M. Baer, Ind Fargo
George M. Young,* Rep Valley City
P. D. Norton.* Rep Hettinger
OHIO.
Nicholas Longworth,* Rep Cincinnati
Victor Helntz. Rep Cincinnati
Warren Gard.* Dem Hamilton
Benjamin F. Welty, Dem Lima
.Tolin S. Snook, Dem Paulding
236
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
6. Charles C. Kearns,* Rep Batavia
7. Simeon D. Fess.* Rep Yellow Springs
S.John A. Key,* Dem Marlon
9. Isaac R. Sherwood,* Dem Toledo
10. Robert M. Switzer,* Rep Gallipolis
11. H. C. Claypool, Dem Chillicothe
12. Clement Brumbaugh,* Dem Columbus
13. A. W. Overmyer,* Dem Fremont
14. Martin L. Davey, Dem Kent
15. George White, Dem Marietta
16. Roscoe McCulloch,* Rep Canton
17. William A. Ashbrook.* Dem Johnstown
18. D. A. Hollingsworth,* Rep Cadiz
19. John G. Cooper,* Rep Youngstown
20. William Gordon,* Dem Cleveland
21. Robert Crosser,* Dem Cleveland
22. Henry I. Emerson,* Rep Cleveland
OKLAHOMA.
1. T. A. Chandler, Rep Vinita
2. William W. Hastings,* Dem Tahlequah
3. Charles D. Carter,* Dem Ardmore
4. Tom D. McKeown, Dem Ada
6. Joseph B. Thompson,* Dem Pauls Valley
6. Scott Ferris.* Dem Lawton
7. James V. McClintic.* Dem Snyder
8. Dick T. Morgan,* Rep Woodward
OREGON.
1. Willis C. Hawley,* Rep Salem
2. Nicholas J. Sinnott,* Rep The Dalles
3. C. N. McArthur,* Rep Portland
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas S. Crago,*t Rep Waynesburg
Mahlon M. Garland,*! Rep Pittsburgh
Joseph McLaughlin.t Rep Philadelphia
John R. K. Scott.'t Rep ....Philadelphia
1. William S. Vare,* Rep Philadelphia
2. George S. Graham,* Rep Philadelphia
3. J. Hampton Moore,* Rep Philadelphia
4. George W. Edmonds,* Rep Philadelphia
5. Peter E. Costello.* Rep Philadelphia
6. George P. Darrow,* Rep Philadelphia
7. Thomas S. Butler,* Rep West Chester
8. Henry W. Watson.* Rep Langhorne
S.William W. Griest,* Rep Lancaster
10. John R. Parr,* Rep Scranton
11. T. W. Templeton, Rep Plymouth
12. Robert D. Heaton,* Rep Ashland
13. Arthur G. Dewalt,* Rep Allentown
14. Louis T. McFadden,* Rep Canton
15. Edgar R. Kiess,* Rep ....Williamsport
16. John V. Lesher,* Dem Sunbury
17. Benjamin K. Focht,* Rep Lewisburg
18. Aaron S. Kreider.* Rep Annville
19. John M. Rose, Rep Johnstown
20. Andrfw R. Brodbeck, Dem Hanover
21. Charles H. Rowland,* Rep Philipsburg
22. Edward E. Robbins, Rep Greensburg
23. Bruce F. Sterling, Dem TIniontown
24. Henry W. Temple,* Rep Washington
25. Henry A. Clark, Rep Erie
26. Henry J. Steele,* Dem Easton
27. Nathan L. Strong, Rep Brookville
28. E. H. Bashlin. Dem Warren
29. Stephen G. Porter,* Rep Pittsburgh
30. M. Clyde Kelly. Ind Braddock
31. John M. Morin,* Rep Pittsburgh
32. Guy E. Caldwell, Dem Crafton
RHODE ISLAND.
1. George F. O'Shauorlmessy,* Dem.. Providence
2. Walter R. Stiness,* Rep Warwick
3. Ambrose Kennedy,* Rep Woonsocket
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1. R. S. Whaley,* Dem Charleston
2. James F. Byrnes,* Dem Aiken
3. Fred H. Dominick. Dem Newberry
4. Sam J. Nicholls.* Dem Spartanburg
5. William F. Stevenson, Dem Cheraw
6. J. W. Ragsdale.* Dem Florence
7. A. F. Lever,* Dem Lexington
SOHTH DAKOTA.
1. Charles H. Dillon,* Rep Yankton
2. Royal O. Johnson,* Rep Aberdeen
3. Harry L. Gandy.* Dem Rapid City
TENNESSEE.
1. Sam R. Sells,* Rep Johnson City
2. Richard W. Austin,* Rep Knoxville
3. John A. Moon,* Dem Chattanooga
4. Cordell Hull,* Dem : Carthage
S.William C. Houston,* Dern Woodlmry
6. Joseph W. Byrns.* Dem Nashville
7. Lemuel P.' Padgett,* Dem Columbia
8. Thetus W. Sims,* Dem Linden
9. Finis J. Garrett,* Dem Dresden
10. Hubert Fisher, Dem Memphis
TEXAS.
Jeff McLemore,*f Dtm Houston
Daniel E. Garrett.t Deni Houston
1. Eugene Black,* Dem Clarksville
2. Martin Dies,* Dem Beaumont
3. James Young,* Dem Kaufman
4. Sam Rayburn,* Dem.; Bonham
5. Hatton W. Stunners.* Dem Dallas
6. Rufus Hardy,* Dem Corsicana
7. Alexander W. Gregg,* Dem Palestine
8. Joe H. Eagle,* Dem Houston
9. J. J. Mansfield, Dem Columbus
10. John P. Buchanan,* Dem Brenham
11. Tom Connally, Dem Marlin
12. J. C. Wilson, Dem ." Fort Worth
13. Marvin Jones, Dem Amarillo
14. James L. Slayden,* Dem.. San Antonio
15. John N. Garner, Dem Uvalde
16. Thomas L. Blanton, Dem Abilene
UTAH.
1. Milton H. Welling, Dem Ogden
2. James H. Mays,* Prog. -Dem.. Salt Lake City
VERMONT.
1. Frank L. Green,* Rep St. Albans
2. Porter H. Dale,* Rep Island Pond
VIRGINIA.
I.William A. Jones,* Dem Warsaw
2. Edward E. Holland,* Dem Suffolk
3. Andrew J. Montague,* Dem Richmond
4. Walter A. Watson,* Dem. .. Jennings Ordinary
5. Edwatrd W. Saunders,* Dem Hocky Mount
6. Carter Glass.* Dem Lynchburg
7. Thomas W. Harrison. Dem Winchester
8. Charles C. Carlin,* Dem Alexandria
9. C. Bascom Slemp,* Rep Big Stone Gap
10. Henry D. Flood,* Dem Appomattox
WASHINGTON.
I.John F. Miller, Rep Seattle
2. Lindley H. Hadley,* Rep Bellingham
3. Albert E. Johnson,* Rep Hoquiam
4. William L. LaFollette,* Rep Pullman
5. O. C. Dill,* Dem Spokane
WEST VIRGINIA.
1. Matthew M. Neely,* Dem Fairmont
2. George M. Bowers.* Rep Martinsburg
3. Stuart F. Reed, Rep Clarksburg
4. Harry C. Woodyard, Rep Spencer
5. Edward Cooper.* Rep Bramwell
6. Adam B. Littlepage,* Dem Charleston
WISCONSIN.
I.Henry A. Cooper.* Rep Racine
2. Edward Voigt, Rep She,boygan
3. John M. Nelson,* Rep Madison
4. William J. Cary,* Rep Milwaukee
5. William H. Stafford,* Rep Milwaukee
6. Florin Lampert, Rop Oshkosh
7. John J. Esch.* Rep LaCrosse
8. Fdward E. Browne,* Rep Waupaca
9. David G. Classen, Rep Oconto
10. James A. Frear,* Rep Hudson
11. A. P. Nelson, Rep Grantsburg
WYOMING.
Frank W. Mondell,*t Rep Newcastle
ALASKA.
Charles A. Sulzer, Dem Sulzer
HAWAII.
J. K. Kalanianale,* Rep Honolulu
PHILIPPINES.
Jaime C. DeVeyra, Nat ...Leyte, P. -I.
Teodoro R. Yanko Zambales
PORTO RICO.
Felix Cordona Davila San Juan
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
237
Congress.
From March 4. 1919, to March 3. 1921.
SENATE.
President, Thomas B.. Marshall, vice-president of the United States: compensation, $12,000
a year. Democrats 47, republicans 49. Compensation of senators, $7,500 a year, term six years.
ALABAMA.
Oscar \V. Underwood, Dem. .Birmingham.. 1921
John H. Bankhead, Dem Jasper. .1925
ARIZONA.
Henry F. Ashurst, Dem Prescott.,1923
Marcus A. Smith, Dem Tucson.. 1921
ARKANSAS.
William F. Kirby. Dem Little Rock.. 1921
Joseph T. Robinson, Dem Lonoke.,1925
CALIFORNIA.
James D. Phelan, Dem... San Francisco. .1921
Hiram W. Johnson, Rep Sacramento. .1923
COLORADO.
Lawrence C. Phipps, Rep Denver. .1925
Charles S. Thomas, Dem Denver.. 1921
CONNECTICUT.
Frank B. Brandegee, Rep.. New London.. 1921
George P. McLean, Rep Simsbury. .1923
DELAWARE.
Josiah O. Wolcott, Dem Wilmington. .1923
L. Heisler Ball, Rep Faulkland. .1925
FLORIDA.
Duncan U. Fletcher. Dem.. Jacksonville. .1921
Park Trammell, Dem Lakeland.. 1923
GEORGIA.
William J. Harris. Dem Cedartown. .1925
Hoke .Smith, Dem Atlanta.. 1921
IDAHO.
John F. Nug-ent. Dem Boise. .1921
William E. Borah, Rep Boise.. 1925
ILLINOIS.
Medill McCormick, Rep Chicago. .1925
Lawrence Y. Sherman, Rep.. Springfield. .1921
INDIANA.
James E. Watson. Rep Rushville. .1921
Harry S. New, Rep Indianapolis.. 1923
IOWA.
Albert B. Cummins. Rep....Des Moines.,1921
William S. Kenyon, Rep Fort Dodge.. 1925
KANSAS.
Charles Curtis. Rep Topeka.,1921
Arthur Capper. Rep Topeka.,1925
KENTUCKY.
J. C. W. Beckham, Dem Frankfort. .1921
Augustus O. Stanley, Dem.. .Henderson.. 1925
LOUISIANA. .
Edward J. Gay. Dem New Orleans.. 1921
Joseph E. Ransdell, D. .Lake Providence. .1925
MAINE.
Frederick Hale, Rep Portland. .1923
Bert M. Fernald, Rep West Poland.. 1925
MARYLAND.
John Walter Smith. Dem Snow Hill.. 1921
Joseph I. France, Rep Port Deposit.. 1923
MASSACHUSETTS.
Henry Cabot Lodge, Rep Nahant.,1923
David I. Walsh, Dem Springfield. .1925
MICHIGAN.
Charles E. Townsend, Rep Jackson. .1923
Truman H. Newberry. Rep Detroit . . 1925
MINNESOTA.
Frank B. Kellogg. Rep St. Paul.. 1933
Knute Nelson, Rep Alexandria.. 1925
MISSISSIPPI.
John Sharp Williams, Dem Benton.,1923
B. P. Harrison, Dem Gulfport. .1925
MISSOURI.
Selden P. Spencer, Rep St. Louis.. 1921
James A. Reed, Dem Kansas City.. 1923
MONTANA.
Henry L. Myers. Dem Hamilton. .1923
Thomas J. Walsh. Dem Helena. .1925
NEBRASKA.
Gilbert M. Hitchcock. Dem Omaha.. 1923
George W. Norris. Rep McCook. .1925
NEVADA.
Charles B. Henderson, Dem Elko.,1925
Key Pittman, Dem Tonopah. .1923
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
George H. Moses. Rep Concord. .1921
Henry W. Keyes, Rep.. North Haverhill. .1925
NEW JERSEY.
Walter E. Edge, Rep Atlantic City. .1923
David Baird. Rep Camden.,1925
NEW MEXICO.
Andreius A. Jones, Dem..E. Las Vegas.. 1923
Albert B. Fall. Rep Three Rivers.. 1925
NEW YORK.
James W. Wadsworth, Rep Geneseo.,1921
William M. Calder, Rep Brooklyn. .1923
NORTH CAROLINA.
Lee S. Overman, Dem Salisbury. .1921
F. M. Simmons, Dem Newbern. .1925
NORTH DAKOTA.
Porter J. McCumber, Rep Wahpeton.,1923
Asle J. Gronna, Rep Lakota.,1921
OHIO.
Warren G. Harding, Rep Marion. .1921
Atlee Pomerene. Dem Canton.. 1923
OKLAHOMA.
Thomas P. Gore, Dem Lawton.,1921
Robert L. Owen, Dem Muskogee.,1925
OREGON.
George E. Chamberlain, Dem. ...Portland.. 1921
Charles L. McNary. Rep Salem. .1925
PENNSYLVANIA.
Boies Penrose, Rep Philadelphia.. 1921
Philander C. Knox, Rep Pittsburgh.. 1923
RHODE ISLAND.
Peter Goelet Gerry, Dem Providence. .1923
Le Baron B. Colt, Rep Bristol.. 1925
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Ellison D. Smith, Dem Florence.. 1921
W. P. Pollock. Dem Trenton.. 1925
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Edwin S. Johnson. Dem "Xankton. .1921
Thomas Sterling, Rep Vermilion.. 1925
TENNESSEE
Kenneth D. McKellar, Dem. ..." .Memphis. .1925
John K. Shields. Dem Knoxville. .1925
TEXAS.
Charles A. Culberson, Dem Dallas. .1923
Morris Sheppard, Dem Texarkana.,1925
UTAH.
Reed Smoot, Rep Provo City.. 1921
William H. King. Dem.. ..Salt Lake City. .1923
VERMONT.
William P. Dillingham. Rep. . Montpelier. . 1921
Carroll S. Page. Rep Hyde Park. .1923
VHIGINIA.
Claude A. Swanson, Dem Chatham. .1923
Thomas S. Martin, Dem. .Charlottesville.. 1925
WASHINGTON.
Wesley L. Jones. Rep North Yakima.,1921
Miles Poindexter, Rep Spokane. .1923
WEST VIRGINIA.
Howard Sutherland, Rep Elkins.,1923
Davis Elkins, Rep Elkins.,1925
WISCONSIN.
Irvine L. Lenroot. Rep Superior. .1921
Robert M. LaFollette. Rep Madison. .1923
WYOMING.
John B. Kendrick, Dem Sheridan. .1923
Francis E. Warren, Rep Cheyenne. .1926
238
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Republicans. 239; democrats. 193; independ-
ent, 1; prohibition, 1; socialist, 1. Asterisk
(*) after name indicates that members served
in 65th congress. tAt large. Compensation of
speaker, $12.000; of other members, $7,500 a
year. Term, two years.
ALABAMA.
1. John McDuffie, Dem Monroeville
2. S. Hubert Dent, Jr.,* Dem Montgomery
3. Henry B. Steagall,* Dem Ozark
4 Fred L. Blackmon,* Dem Anniston
5. J. Thomas Hefiin,* Dem Lafayette
6. William B. Oliver,* Dem Tuscaloosa
7. John L. Burnett.* Dem Gadsden
8. Edward B. Almon,* Dem Tuscumbia
9. George Huddleston.* Dem Birmingham
10. William B. Bankhead,* Dem Jasper
ARIZONA.
Carl Hayden.*T Dem Phoenix
ARKANSAS.
1. Thaddeus H. Caraway.* Dem Jonesbpro
2. William A. Oldfield.* Dem Batesville
3. John N. Tillman,* Dem FayetteviUe
4. Otis Wingo,* Dem De Queen
5. Henderson M. Jacoway,* Dem. . .Dardanelle
6. Samuel M. Taylor.* Dem Pine Bluff
7. William S. Goodwin.* Dem Warren
CALIFORNIA.
1. Clarence F. Lea.* Dem Santa Rosa
2. John E. Raker.* Dem Alturas
3. Charles F. Curry,* Rep Sacramento
4. JuUus Kahn,* Rep San Francisco
.5. John I. Nolan,* Rep San Francisco
6. John A. Elston,* Rep Berkeley
7. H. E. Barbour, Rep Fresno
8. Hugh S. Hersman, Dem Gilroy
9. Charles H. Randall,* Pro Los Angeles
10. Henry Z. Osborne, Rep Los Angeles
11. William Kettner,* Dem San Diego
COLORADO.
1. William N. Vaile, Rep Denver
2. Charles B. Timberlake.* Rep Sterling
3. Guy W. Hardy, Rep Canon City
4. E. T. Taylor,* Dem Glenwood Springs
CONNECTICUT.
1. Augustine Lonergan,* Dem Hartford
2. Richard P. Freeman.* Rep New London
3. John Q. Tilson.* Rep New Haven
4. Schuyler Merritt, Rep Stamford
5. James P. Glynn,* Rep Winsted
DELAWARE.
Caleb R. Lay ton, t Rep Georgetown
FLORIDA.
1. Herbert J. Drane,* Dem Lakeland
2. Frank Clark,* Dem Gainesville
3. J. H. Smithwick. Dem Pensacola
4. William J. Sears,* Dem Kissimmee
GEORGIA.
1. James W. Overstreet,* Dem Sylvania
2. Frank Park,* Dem Sylvester
3. Charles R. Crisp,* Dem Americus
4. W. C. Wright,* Dem Newnan
5. William D. Upshaw.* Dem Atlanta
6. James W. Wise.* Dem FayetteviUe
7. Gordon Lee.* Sem Chickamauga
8. Charles H. Brand,* Dem Athens
9. Thomas M. Bell,* Dem Gainesville
10. Carl Vinson.* Dem Milledgeville
11. W. C. Lankford. Dem Nashville
12. William W. Larsen.* Dem Dublin
IDAHO.
Addison T. Smith.*t Rep Twin Falls
Burton L. French. *t Rep Moscow
ILLINOIS.
Richard Yates. t Rep Springfield
William E. Mason. *f Rep Chicago
1. Martin B. Madden,* Rep Chicago
2. James R. Mann.* Rep Chicago
3. William W. Wilson,* Rep Chicago
4. John W. Rainey,* Dem Chicago
5. Adolph J. Sabath,* Dem Chicago
6. James McAndrews.* Dem Chicago
7. Niels Juul,* Rep Chicago
8. Thomas Gallagher,* Dem Chicago
9. Fred A. Britten,* Rep Chicago
10. Carl R. Chindbloom. Rep Chicago
11. Ira C. Copley.* Rep Aurora
12. Charles E. Fuller,* Rep Belvidere
13. John C. McKenzie,* Rep Elizabeth
14. William J. Graham.* Rep Aledo
15. Edward J. King, * Rep Galesburg
16. Clifford Ireland,* Rep Peoria
17. Frank L. Smith, Rep Bloomington
18. Joseph G. Cannon.* Rep Danville
19. William B. McKinley.* Rep Champaign
20. Henry T. Rainey.* Dem Carrollton
21. Loren E. Wheeler,* Rep Springfield
22. Wm. A. Rodenberg,* Rep... East St. Louis
23. E. B. Brooks, Rep Newton
24. Thomas S. Williams,* Rep Louisville
25. Edward E. Denison.* Rep Marion
INDIANA.
1. O. R. Luhring, Rep Evansville
2. Oscar E. Bland,* Rep Linton
3. J. W. Dunbar. Rep New Albany
4. J. S. Benham. Rep Benham
5. Everett Sanders,* Rep Terre Haute
6. Richard N. Elliott.* Rep Connorsville
7. Merrill Moores,* Rep Indianapolis
8. Albert H. Vestal,* Rep Anderson
9. Fred S. Purnell.* Rep Attica
10. William R. Wood,* Rep Lafayette
11. Milton Kraus,* Rep Peru
12. Louis W. Fairneld,* Rep Angola
13. A. J. Hickey, Rep Laporte
IOWA.
1. Charles A. Kennedy.* Rep Montrose
2. Harry E. Hull,* Rep Williamsburg
3. Burton E. Sweet.* Rep Waverly
4. Gilbert N. Haugen,* Rep Northwood
5. James W. Good,* Rep Cedar Rapids
6. C. William Ramseyer,* Rep Bloomfield
7. Cassius C. Dowell,* Rep Des Moines
8. Horace M. Towner.* Rep Corning
9. William R. Green.* Rep Audubon
10. J. L. Dickinson, Rep Algona
11. W. D. Boies, Rep Sioux City
KANSAS.
1. Dan'l R. Anthony, Jr..* Rep..Leavenworth
2. Edward C. Little.* Rep Kansas City
3. Philip P. Campbell,* Rep Pittsburgr
4. Homer Hoch, Rep Marion
5. J. C. Strong. Rep Blue Rapids
6. Hayes B. White, Rep Mankato
7. J. N. Tincher, Rep Medicine Lodge
8. William A.' Ayres, * Dem Wichita
KENTUCKY.
1. Alben W. Barkley,* Dem Paducah
2. David H. Kincheloe,* Dem Madisonville
3. Robert Y. Thomas, Jr.,* Dem. .Central City
4. Ben Johnson,* Dem Bardstown
5. Charles F. Ogden, Rep Louisville
6. Arthur B. Rouse,* Dem Burlington
7. James C. Cantrill,* Dem Georgetown
8. Harvey Helm.* Dem Stanford
9. William J. Fields,* Dem Olive Hill
10. John W. Langley.* Rep Pikeville
11. J. M. Robison, Rep Barbourville
LOUISIANA.
1. Albert Estopinal.* Dem St. Bernard
2. H. Garland Dupre.* Dem New Orleans
3. Whitmell P. Martin.* Dem Thibodaux
4. John T. Watkins.* Dem Minden
5. Riley J. Wilson.* Dem Harrisonburg
6. Jared Y. Sander,* Dem Bogalusa
7. Ladislas Lazaro,* Dem Washington
8. James B. Aswell.* Dem Natchitoches
MAINE.
1. Louis B. Goodall.* Rep Sanford
2. Wallace H. White. Jr.,* Rep Lewiston
3. John A. Peters,* Rep Ellsworth
4. Ira G. Hersey,* Rep Houlton
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
239
MARYLAND.
1. William N. Andrews. Rep Cambridge
2 Carville D. Benson, Dem Hillthorpe
3. Charles P. Coady.* Dem Baltimore
4. J. Charles Linthicum.* Dem Baltimore
5. Sydney E. Mudd,* Rep La Plata
6. Frederick N. Zihlman,* Rep... .Cumberland
MASSACHUSETTS.
1. Allen T. Treadway,* Rep Stockbridge
2. Frederick H. Gillett.* Rep Springfield
3. Calvin D. Paige,* Rep Southbridge
4. Samuel E. Winslow,* Rep Worcester
5. John Jacob Rogers,* Rep Lowell
6. Willfred W. Lufkin,* Rep Essex
7. Michael F. Phelan.* Dem Lynn
8. Frederick W. Dallinger.* Rep .. Cambridge
9. Alvan T. Fuller.* Rep Maiden
10. John F. Fitzgerald,* Dem Boston
11. George Holden Tinkham,* Rep Boston
12. James A. Gallivan.* Dem Boston
13. Robert Luce. Rep Waltham
14. Richard Olney, II,* Dem Dedham
15. William S. Greene,* Rep Fall River
16. Joseph Walsh,* Rep New Bedford
MICHIGAN.
1 Frank E. Doremus,* Dem Detroit
2. Earl C. Michener. Rep Adrian
3. John M. C. Smith.* Rep Chartotte
4. Edward L. Hamilton,* Rep Niles
5. Carl E. Mapes,* Rep Grand Rapids
6. Patrick Kelly.* Rep Lansing
7. Louis C. Cramton.* Rep Lapeer
8. Joseph W. Fordney.* Rep Saginaw
9. James C. McLaughlin.* Rep Muskegon
10. Gilbert A. Currie,* Rep Midland
11. Frank D. Scott.* Rep Alpena
12. W. Frank James.* Rep Hancock
13. Charles A. Nichols.* Rep Detroit
MINNESOTA.
1. Sydney Anderson.* Rep Lanesboro
2. Franklin F. Ellsworth,* Rep Mankato
3. Charles R. Davis.* Rep St. Peter
4. Carl C. Van Dyke,* Dem St. Paul
5. W. H. Newton, Rep Minneapolis
6. Harold Knutson.* Rep St. Cloud
7. Andrew J. Volstead.* Rep .... Granite Falls
8. W. L. Carrs, Ind Proctor
9. Halvor Steenerson,* Rep Crookston
10. Thomas D. Schall,* Rep Excelsior
MISSISSIPPI.
1. Ezekiel S. Candler,* Dem Corinth
2. Hubert D. Stephens.* Dem New Albany
3. Benjamin G. Humphreys,* Dem. .Greenville
4. Thomas U. Sisson.* Dem Winona
5. William W. Venable,* Dem Meridian
6. P. B. Johnson. Dem Hattiesburg
7. Percy E. Quin.* Dem McComb City
8. James W. Collier.* Dem Vicksburgr
MISSOURI.
1. Milton A. Romjue.* Dem Macon
2. William W. Rucker,* Dem Keytesville
3. Joshua W. Alexander.* Dem Gallatin
4. Charles F. Booher,* Dem Savannah
5. W. T. Bland, Dem Kansas City
6. Clement C. Dickinson,* Dem Clinton
7. Sam C. Majors, Dem Fayette
8. William L. Nelson, Dem Columbia
9. Champ Clark,* Dem Bowling Green
10. Cleveland Newton. Rep St. Louis
11. William L. Igoe.* Dem St. Louis
12. Leonidas C. Dyer.* Rep St. Louis
13. Marion E. Rhodes, Rep Potosi
14. Ed D. Hays, Rep Cape Girardeau
15. J. V. McPherson. Rep Aurora
16. Thomas L. Rubey,* Dem Lebanon
MONTANA.
John M. Evans.*t Dem Missoula
Carl W. Riddick.t Rep Lewiston
NEBRASKA.
1. Charles F. Reavis.* Rep Falls City
2. Albert W. Jefferies. Rep Omaha
3. Robert E. Evans. Rep Dakota City
4. M. O. McLaughlin. Ren York
5. William E. Andrews. Rep Hastings
6. Moses P. Kinkaid,* Rep O'Neill
NEVADA.
Charles R. Evans, t Dem Goldfield
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Sherman E. Burroughs,* Rep.. Manchester
Edward H. Wason,* Rep Nashua
NEW JERSEY.
William J. Browning,* Rep Camden
Isaac Bacharach, Rep Atlantic City
Thomas J. Scully,* Dem South Amboy
Elijah C. Hutchinson,* Rep Trenton
Ernest R. Ackerman, Rep Plainfleld
, John R. Ramsey,* Rep Hackensack
Amos H. Radcliffe, Rep Paterson
Cornelius J. McGlennon, Dem . East Newark
Daniel F. Minahan, Dem Orange
Frederick R. Lehlbach,* Rep Newark
John J. Eagan,* Dem Weehawken
James A. Hamill,* Dem Jersey City
NEW MEXICO.
Benito C. Hernandez. t Rep..Tierra Amarilla
NEW YORK.
Frederick C. Hicks,* Rep . Port Washington
Chas. Pope Caldwell,* Dem .. .Forest Hills.
John McCrate, Rep Brooklyn
Thomas H. Cullen, Dem Brooklyn
John B. Johnston, Dem Brooklyn
Frederick W. Rowe,* Rep Brooklyn
J. P. Maher, Dem Brooklyn
William E. Cleary,* Dem Brooklyn
David J. O'Connell, Dem Brooklyn
Reuben L. Haskell,* Rep Brooklyn
Daniel J. Riordan,* Dem.. . .New York city
Henry M. Goldiogle, Dem... New York city
, C. D. Sullivan.* Dem New York city
F. H. LaGuardia,* Rep New York city
Peter J. Dooling, * Dem New York city
Thomas F. Smith,* Dem New York city
Herbert C. Pell, Dem New York city
John F. Carew,* Dem New York city
, Joseph Rowan. Dem New York city
Isaac Siegel,* Rep New York city
Jerome F. Donovan,* Dem .. New York city
Anthony J. Griffin,* Dem New York city
, Richard F. McKiniry, Dem/.New York city
, James V. Ganly, Dem New York city
James W. Husted,* Rep Peekskill
Edmund Platt,* Rep Poughkeepsie
Charles B. Ward,* Rep Debruce
Rollin B. Sanford,* Rep Albany
James S. Parker,* Rep Salem
Frank Crowther, Rep Schenectady
Bertrand H. Snell,* Rep Potsdam
Luther W. Mott,* Rep Oswego
Homer P. Snyder,* Rep Little Falls
William H. Hill, Rep Johnston City
Walter W. Magee,* Rep Syracuse
Norman J. Gould,* Rep Seneca Falls
Alanson B. Houghton, Rep Corning1
Thomas B. Dunn,* Rep Rochester
Archie D. Sanders,* Rep Stafford
S. Wallace Dempsey,* Rep Lockport
, Clarence MacGregor, Rep Buffalo
. William F. Waldow, Rep Buffalo
. Daniel Reed, Rep Dunkirk
NORTH CAROLINA.
. John H. Small,* Dem Washington
Claude Kitchin,* Dem Scotland Neck
. S. M. Brinson, Dem
. Edward W. Pou,* Dem Smithfleld
. Charles M. Stedman,* Dem... .Greensboro
. Hannibal L. Godwin,* Dem Dunn
. Leonidas D. Robinson,* Dem Wadesboro
. Robert L. Doughton. * Dem. . Laurel Snriners
. Edwin Y. Webb,* Dem Shelby
. Zeb Weaver, * Dem Asheville
NORTH DAKOTA.
. John M. Baer,* Rep Fargo
. George M. Young,* Rep Valley City
. J. H. Sinclair, Rep Kenmare
OHIO.
. Nicholas Long-worth.* Rep Cincinnati
. A. E. B. Stephens, Rep North Bend
. Warren Gard,* Dem Hamilton
. Benjamin F. Welty,* Dem Lima
. C. J. Thompson, Rep Defiance
240
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
6. Charles C. Kearns,* Rep Batavia
7. Simeon D. Fess,* Rep Yellow Springs
8. R. Clint Cole, Rep Findlay
9. Isaac R. Sherwood,* Dem Toledo
10. I. M. Foster, Rep Athens
11. Edwin D. Ricketts, Rep Logan
12. Clement Brumbaugh,* Dem Columbus
13. J. T. Begg, Rep Sandusky
14. Martin L. Davey, Dem Kent
15. C. Ellis Moore, Rep Cambridge
16. Roscoe C. MeCulloch,* Rep Canton
17. William A. Ashbrook,* Dem Johnstown
18 B. Frank Murphy, Rep Steubenville
19. John G. Cooper.* Rep Youngstown
20. Charles A. Mooney, Dem Cleveland
21. John J. Babka, Dem Cleveland
22. Henry I. Emerson,* Rep Cleveland
OKLAHOMA.
1. E. B. Howard, Dem Tulsa
2. William W. Hastings,* Dem Tahlequah
3. Charles D. Carter,* Dem Ardmore
4. Tom D. McKeown,* Dem Ada
5. Joseph B. Thompson,* Dem.. .Pauls Valley
6. Scott Ferris,* Dem Lawton
7. James V. McClintic,* Dem Snyder
8. Dick T. Morgan,* Rep Woodward
OREGON.
1. Willis C. Hawley,* Rep Salem
2. Nicholas J. Sinnott,* Rep The Dalles
3. Clilton N. McArthur,* Rep Portland
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas S. Crago,*t Rep Waynesburg
Mahlon M. Garland,*t Rep Pittsburgh
William J. Burke.t Rep Pittsburgh
Anderson H. Walters,t Rep Johnstown
1. William S. Vare,* Rep Philadelphia
2. George S. Graham,* Rep Philadelphia
3. J. Hampton Moore,* Rep Philadelphia
4. George W. Edmonds,* Rep Philadelphia
5. Peter E. Costello,* Rep Philadelphia
6. George P. Darrow,* Rep Philadelphia
7. Thomas S. Butler,* Rep West Chester
8. Henry W Watson,* Rep Langhorne
9. William W. Griest,* Rep Lancaster
10. Patrick McLane, Dem Scranton
11. John J. Casey, Dem ...Wilkes-Barre
12. John Reber, Rep Pottsville
13. Arthur G. Dewalt,* Dem. Allentown
14. Louis T. McFadden,* Rep Canton
15. Edgar R. Kiess,* Rep Williamsport
16. John V. Lesher,* Dem Sunbury
17. Benjamin K. Focht.* Rep Lewisburg
18. Aaron S. Kreider,* Rep Annville
19. John M. Rose,* Rep Johnstown
20. Edward S. Brooks, Rep York
21. Evan J. Jones, Rep Bradford
22. Edward E. Robbins,* Rep Greensburg
23. S. A. Kendall, Rep Meyersdale
24. Henry W. Temple,* Rep Washington
25. Milton M. Shreve, Rep Erie
26. Henry J. Steele,* Dem Easton
27. Nathan L. Strong,* Rep Brookville
28. Willis J. Hulings, Rep Oil City
29. Stephen G. Porter,* Rep Pittsburgh
30. M. Clyde Kelly,* Dem Braddock
31. John M. Morin,* Rep Pittsburgh
32. Guy E. Campbell,* Dem Crafton
RHODE ISLAND.
1. Clark Burdick, Rep Newport
2. Walter R. Stiness,* Rep Warwick
3. Ambrose Kennedy,* Rep Woonsocket
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1. Richard S. Whaley,* Dem Charleston
2. James F. Byrnes,* Dem Aiken
3. Fred H. Dominick,* Dem Newberry
4. Samuel J. Nicholls,* Dem Spartanburg
5. William F. Stevenson,* Dem Cheran
6. J. Willard Ragsdale.* Dem Florence
7. Asbury F. Lever,* Dem Lexington
SOUTH DAKOTA.
1. C. Christopherson, Rep Sioux Falls
2. Royal C. Johnson,* Rep Aberdeen
3. Harry L. Gandy,* Dem Rapid City
TENNESSEE.
1. Sam R. Sells,* Rep Johnson City
2. J. Will Taylor, Rep LaFollette
3. John A. Moon,* Dem Chattanooga
4. Cordell Hull,* Dem Carthage
5. E. L. Davis, Dem Tullahoma
G. Joseph W. Byrns.* Dem Nashville
7. Lemuel P. Padgett,* Dem Columbia
8. Thetus W. Sims,* Dem Linden
9. Fini£ J. Garrett,* Dem Dresden
10. Hubert F. Fisher,* Dem Memphis
TEXAS.
1. Eugene Black,* Dem Clarksville
2. John C. Box, Dem Jacksonville
3. James Young,* Dem Kaufman
4. Sam Rayburn,* Dem Bonham
5. Hatton W. Summers,* Dem Dallas
6. Rufus Hardy,* Dem Corsicana
7. Clay S. Briggs, Dem Galveston
8. Joe H. Eagle,* Dem Houston
9. Joseph J. Mansfield,* Dem Columbus
10. James P. Buchanan,* Dem Brenham
11. Tom Connally,* Dem Martin
12. James C. Wilson.* Dem Fort Worth
13. Lucien W. Parrish, Dem Henrietta
14. Carlos Bee. Dem San Antonio
15. John N. Garner,* Dem Uvalde
16. Claude Hudspeth, Dem El Paso
17. Thomas L. Blanton,* Dem Abilene
18. Marvin Jones,* Dem Amarillo
UTAH.
1. Milton H. Welling,* Dem Fielding
2. James H. Mays,* Dem Salt Lake City
VERMONT.
1. Frank L. Greene,* Rep St Albans
2. Porter H. Dale,* Rep Island Pond
VIRGINIA.
1. Schuyler Otis Bland,* Dem.. Newport News
2. Edward E. Holland,* Dem Suffolk
3. Andrew J. Montague,* Dem Richmond
4. W. A. Watson,* Dem Jennings Ordinary
5. Edward W. Saunders,* Dem. .Rockymount
. 6. (Vacancy)
7. Thomas W. Harrison.* Dem Winchester
8. Charles C. Carlin.* Dem Alexandria
9. C. Bascom Slemp,* Rep Big Stone Gap
10. Henry D. Flood,* Dem Appomattox
WASHINGTON.
1. John F. Miller,* Rep Seattle
2. Lindley H. Hadley.* Rep Bellingham
3. Albert Johnson,* Rep Hoquiam
4. J. W. Summers, Rep Walla Walla
5. J. S. Webster, Rep Spokane
WEST VIRGINIA.
1. M. M. Neely,* Dem Fairmont
2. George M. Bowers,* Rep Martinsburg
3. Stuart F. Reed,* Rep Clarksburg
4. Harry C. Woody ard,* Rep Spencer
5. Wells Goodykountz, Rep Williamson
6. L. B. Echols, Rep Charleston
WISCONSIN.
1. C. E. Randall, Rep Kenosha
2. Edward Voigt,* Rep Sheboygan
3. J. G. Monahan, Rep Darlington
4. John C. Klozka, Rep Milwaukee
5. Victor Berger, Soc Milwaukee
6. Florian Lamport. Rep Oshkosh
7. John J. Each.* Rep LaCrosse
8. Edward E. Browne, * Rep Waupaca
9. David G. Classon,* Rep Oconto
10. James A. Frear,* Rep Hudson
11. A. P. Nelson, Rep Grantsburg
WYOMING.
Frank W. Mondell,*t Rep Newcastle
ALASKA.
Charles A. Sulzer*t (delegate), D...Sulzer
HAWAII.
J. Kuhio Kalanianaole.* Rep Waikiki
PHILIPPINES.
Jaime C. De Veyra.* Dem Leyte
Teodoro R. Yanrco,* Dem Zambeles
PORTO RICO.
Felix Cordova Davila,* Dem San Juan
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
241
SSnitcB States Jitplontatic antt Consular Serbice.
DIPLOMATIC SERVICE (DEC. 1, 1918).
& C.-G , minister resident and consul-general.
Appointed by the president and confirmed by
the senate.
Explanation — A. E. & P., ambassador ex-
traordinary and plenipotentiary; E. E. & M.
P., envoy extraordinary and minister pleni-
potentiary; M. K., minister resident; M. B.
Country. Representative. Location. Appointed from. Salary.
Argentine Bepublic F redk. J. Stimson, Mass., A. E. & P.. Buenos Aires. . . .Maryland. . $17,500
W. D. Bobbins, 2d Sec Buenos Aires. Massachusetts. . 2,000
Belgium Brand Whitlock, E. E. & M. P Havre, France Ohio. . 12.000
Bolivia (Vacancy) LaPaz 10,000
Brazil ' Edwin V. Morgan, A. E. & P Rio de Janeiro. .New York. . -17,500
G-. Cornell Tarjer, Sec. of Emb Rio de Janeiro
Craig W. Wadsworth, Sec. of Emb. ..Bio de Janeiro
Bulgaria Charles J. Vopicka, E. E. & M. P.. . . Bukharest ...
Chile Joseph H. Shea, A. E. & P Santiago Indiana. .
Frederick O. de Billier, Sec./of Emb.Santiago.Dist. of Columbia..
China Paul S. Beinsch, E. E. & M. P Pekin Wisconsin. .
Willing Spencer, Sec. of Emb Pekin Pennsylvania.. 2,625
Com. I. V. G. Gillis. Kav. Att Pekin Navy
. .Hoffman Philip, E. E. & M. P Bogota New York. . 10,000
.New York.
.New York.
, . . .Illinois.
Colombia. .
Costa Bica Edward J. Hale, E. E. & M. P San Jose. . .North Carolina.
Cuba William E. Gonzales. E. E. & M. P. . .Havana. . . .South Carolina.
Rutherford Bingham, 2d Sec. of Leg.Havana. .Dist. of Columbia.
Denmark Maurice F. Egan, E. E. & M. P Copenhagen. Dist. of Col'bia.
U. Grant Smith, Couns. of Leg Copenhagen . . Pennsylvania .
Robert B. Davis, 2d Sec. of Leg Copenhagen Virginia.
Dominican Bepublic Wm. W. Russell, M. B. & C.-G Santo Domingo. Dist. Col'bia.
Ecuador Charles S. Hartman, E. E. & M. P.. .Quito .Montana.
France William G. Sharp. A. E. & P Paris Ohio.
R. W. Bliss, Couns. of Emb Paris New York.
A. H. Frazier, Couns. of Emb Paris Pennsylvania.
Hugh S. Gibson, Sec. of Emb Paris California.
William W. Andrews, Sec of Emb.. . Paris Ohio.
Jefferson Caffrey, Sec. of Emb Paris Louisiana.
Benjamin Thaw, Jr.. 2d Sec. of Emb. Paris Pennsylvania.
Maj. B. H. Warburton, Mil. Att Paris Army.
Capt. Richard H. Jackson, Nav. Att. Paris Navy.
Great Britain John William Davis. A. E. & P London West Virginia. ,
I. B. Laughlin, Couns. of Emb London Pennsylvania.,
Edward Bell, Sec. of Emb London Nevada.
Franklin M. Gunther, Sec. of Emb.. .London Virginia.
Sheldon L. Crosby, Sec. of Emb London New York.
, London
. London
. London
, . . . .California.
Missouri.
Arkansas .
Navy . ,
Army.
.Massachusetts. ,
Richard E. Pennoyer, 2d Sec. of Emb. London
E. C. Shoecraft. 2d Sec. of Emb. . . . London
S. W. Morgan, 2d Sec. of Emb. . . .
Vice-Admiral William S. Sims
Col. William Lassiter, Mil. Att. . . .
Greece Garett Droppers, E. E. & M. P Athena
Guatemala William H. Leavell, E. E. & M. P.. .Guatemala Mississippi.
Haiti Arthur Bailly-Blanchard, E. E. & M. P.Port au Prince.. .Louisiana.
Honduras T. Sambola Jones. E. E. & M. P Tegucigalpa . . . .Louisiana.
Italy Thomas Nelson Page, A. E. & P Rome Virginia.
Peter A. Jay, Couns. of Emb Rome Rhode
N. Richardson, Sec. of Emb Rome
Wm. S. Van Rensselaer, 3d Sec Rome.
Lieut. -Com. Charles R. Train, Nav. Att. Rome
Lieut.-Col. M. C. Buckey, Mil. Att... Rome
Japan Roland S. Morris, A. E. & P Tokyo
John Van A. MacMurray, Couns. Emb. Tokyo _
Com. F. J. Home, Nav. Att Tokyo Navy.
Capt. Karl F. Baldwin, Mil. Att Tokyo Army.
Liberia Joseph L. Johnson, M. B. & C.-G.. . .Monrovia Ohio.
Bichard C. Bundy, 2d Soc. of Leg. . .Monrovia Ohio.
Mai. John E. Green, Mil. Att Monrovia Army.
Luxemburg John W. Garrett, E. E. & M. P The Hague Maryland.
Mexico Henry P. Fletcher, A. E. & P. . . . : . .Mexico Pennsylvania.
Geo. T. Summerlin, Couns. of Emb. . Mexico
Alexander Benson, Sec. of Emb Mexico
Capt. R. M. Campbell, Mil. Att Mexico
Montenegro Garett Droppers, E. E. & M. P. . . .
Morocco .Maxwell Blake. Agt. & C.-G
Netherlands John W. Garrett, E. E. & M. P. . .
Alexander C. Kirk, 2d Sec. of Leg „__
Lieut.-Col. Edward Davis, Mil. Att. . . The Hague Army
Lieut. E. D. MoCormick, Nav. Att. . . The Hague Navy
Nicaragua Benjamin L. Jefferson, E. E. & M. P. .Managua Colorado.
Norway Albert G. Schmedeman, E. E. & M. P. Christiania
Island.
, Mississippi.
New York .
Navy .
. : Army .
Pennsylvania.
.Dist. of Columbia.
. Athens
. Tangier
. The Hague .
H. F. A. Schoonfeld, 2d Sec.
, Christiania.
Mnj. Oscar N. Solbert, Mil. Att Christiania
Col. Arthur T. Marix. Nav. Att...
Panama William J. Price; E. E. & M. P. . .
, Christiania
. Panama . .
2,625
2,625
10,000
17,500
2,625
12,000
Perry Belden, Sec. of Leg Bogota New York. . 2,625
.Louisiana. .
.Pennsylvania. .
Army.,
Massachusetts. .
Missouri. .
. . . .Maryland.
,10,OOO
12,000
2,000
10,000
3,000
2.00O
10.00O
10,000
17,500
3.00O
3,000
3,000
2,625
2,625
2,000
17,500
3,000
2,625
2,025
2,625
2,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
17,500
3,000
2,625
1,500
17,500
3,000
5,000
2,000
12, '666
17,500
3,000
2,625
l6,b'6()
7.500
12,000
. The Hague Illinois. . 2,000
Elbridg-e G. Greene, 2d Sec. of Leg-.. .Panama
. . . .Wisconsin.
. Rhode Island .
Army . ,
Navy.
. . . .Kentucky. ,
Massachusetts. .
10,000
10,000
2,000
10.00O
,000
Paraguay Daniel F. Mooney, E. E. & M. P., Asuncion Ohio. . 10,000
242
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Country.
Representative.
. John L Caldwell E E & M P .
Location.
. . Teheran . .
Appointed from.
Kansas.
Salary.
.$10000
. 10,000
,. 2.625
. 10,000
. 10,000
Peru
. .Benton McMillin, E. E & M. P. ..
Portugal
Routnania, Serbia
and Bulgaria. . .
Russia
Salvador
Serbia
(see Roumania)
Siam . .
William W. Smith, Sec. of Leg. . .
. Thomas H. Birch. E. E. & M. P. . .
. Charles J. Vopicka, E. E. & M. P.
Capt. Halsey E. Yates, Mil. Att..
. David R. Francis, A. E. & P
Norman Armour, 3d Sec. of Emb..
Lieut.-Col. J. A. Ruggles, Mil. Att.
. Boaz W. Long, E. E. & M. P
'..(Vacancy)— E. E. & M. P...
. . Lima
. .Lisbon. . . .
Ohio,
.... New Jersey .
. . Jassy ....
. . Bukharest
. . Petrograd
. . Petrograd.
Illinois .
Army .
Missouri .
. 17.500
. 2,000
! 16,066
. 10.000
. . New Jfirspv .
. . Petrograd Army .
. . San Salvador . . New Mexico .
.T Bangkok .
John C. White, 2d Sec. of Leg Bangkok Maryland.. 2.000
Leng Hui, Int Bangkok .
Joseph E. Willard, A. E. & P Madrid Virginia. .
Charles S. Wilson, Couns. of Emb.. .Madrid Maine. .
Alex. R. Magruder, Sec. of Emb. .. .Madrid Maryland..
Robert M. Scotten, 2d Sec. of Emb.. .Madrid Michigan..
Sweden ....Ira Nelson Morris, E. E. & M. P. .. Stockholm Illinois..
Sheldon Whitehouse, Couns. of Emb. Stockholm New York..
Oscar L. Milmore, 2d Sec. of Leg.. . . Stockholm. Dist. of Columbia. .
Capt. Wm. M. Colvin, Mil. Att Stockholm Army. .
Pleasant A. Stovall, E. E. & M. P.. . . Bern Georgia. .
Hugh R. Wilson, 2d Sec. of Leg Bern Illinois . .
Frederic R. Dolbeare, 2d Sec. of Leg1. Bern New York. .
.Robert E. Jeffery, E. E. & M. P. ... Montevideo Arkansas..
Preston McGoodwin, E. E. & M. P. . .Caracas Oklahoma. . 10,000
representatives of the United States in Austria-Hungary, Germany and
on account of war.
Spain .
Switzerland.
500
17.500
3,000
2.625
2.000
10,000
3,000
2,000
Uruguay
Venezuela
Note — Diplomatic
Turkey withdrawn
10,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
UNITED STATES CONSULAR SERVICE.
Abbreviations: C.-G., consul-general; C., consul; V.-C., vice-consul; C. A., commercial agent.
CONSULS-GENERAL AT LARGE.
Stuart J. Fuller, Wis $5,000
Charles C. Eberhart, Kas 5,000
Nathaniel B. Stewart, Ga 5,000
Ralph J. Totten, Tenn 5,000
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Buenos Aires— Wm. H. Robertson, Va.,
C.-G 8.000
Rosario— Wilbert L. Bonney, 111., C 3,000
BOLIVIA.
Oruro— Ross Hazletine, Ind., C 3,500
BRAZIL.
Bahia— Edward Hig-gins, Mass., C 4,000
Para— George H. Pickerell, O., C 4,000
Pernambuco— A. T. Haeberle, Mo., C. . . 4,000
Rio de Janeiro— (Vacancy), C.-G 8.000
Rio Grande — (Vacancy), C 4,500
Santos— Carl F. Deichman, Minn., C 4.000
Sao Paulo— Charles L. Hoover. Mo., C. . 5.-000
BULGARIA.
Sofia— Dominic I. Murphy, D. C., C.-G.. 5,500
CHILE.
Antofagasta— Thos. W. Voetter, N. M., C. 4,000
Punta Arenas — E. V. Richardson, N.xY.,
C 2.500
Valparaiso — Leon J. Keena, Mich., C.-G. 5,500
CHINA.
Amoy — Clarence E. Gauss. Conn., C 3,500
Antung— John K. Davis., O., C 3,000
Canton— Albert W. Pontius. Pa., C.-G.... 4,500
Changsha— M. H. Perkins, Cal., C 3.500
Chef oo— Lester Maynard, Cal., C.-G 4,500
Chung-king — Paul R. Josslyn. Iowa, C 2,500
Fuchau — George C. Hanson, Conn., C... . 4,500
Hankow— E. S. Cunningham, Tenn., C.-G. 4,500
Harbin-^Charles K. Moser, Va.. C 4,500
Mukden— E. Carleton Baker, Cal.. C.-G.. 4.500
Nanking— J. Paul Jameson, Pa., C 3,500
Shanghai — Thomas Sammons, Wash.,C.-G. 8,000
Swatow— Myrl S. Myers, Pa., C 3,500
Tientsin— P. S. Heintzleman. C.-G 5,500
Tsinanfu— George F. Bickford, Wash.. C. 2,500
COLOMBIA.
Barranquilla-<:iaude E. Guyant, 111.. C.. 3.000
Cartagena— A. J. Lespinasse, N. Y., C 3,000
COSTA RICA.
Port Limon— S. E. MoMillin, Kas., C. . . . 2.500
San Jose — Benjamin F. Chase. Pa., C. . . . 3.500
CUBA.
Cienfuegos— Charles S. Winans, Mich., C.$4,500
Havana— Heaton W. Harris, C.-G 5.500
Nueva Gerona— Wm. Bardel, N. Y., C. . . 3.500
Nuevitas-^Tohn S. Calvert. N. C., C 2.600
Santiago— P. M. Griffith. O.. Cv 3,500
DENMARK.
Aarhus-^Tohn E. Kehl. O.. C 4,500
Copenhagen— William H. Gale, Va.. C.-G. 4.500
Esbjerg— R. Wormuth. N. Y., C 2,500
Odense — Maurice P. Dunlap, Minn., C. . . 2,500
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
Puerta Plata— William A. Bickera. D.
C., C 2,000
Santo Domlngro— C. S. Edwards, Minn.. C. 3.000
ECUADOR.
Guayaauil— P. W. Coding, 111., C.-G 4,500
FRANCE.
Algiers— Arthur C. Frost. Mass., C 3,000
Bordeaux— Geo. A. Bucklin. Jr.. Okla.. C. 4.000
Brest — Sample B. Forbvts, Miss., C 2,500
Calais— Kenneth S. Patton, Va.. 0 3.00O
Cette— Paul H. Cram. Me., C 2,500
Goree-Dakar— Wm. J. Yerby,. Tenn., C 3.000
Grenoble— Thomas D. Davis. Okla., C 2.500
Guadeloupe— Henry T. Wilcox. N. C., C. . 2,500
Havre — John B. Osborne, Pa.. C 5,000
La Rochelle— W. W. Brunswick. Kas., C. 2,500
Limoges— Eugene I. Belisle, Mass., C 3,000
Lyons— Clarence Carrigan. Cal., C 3,500
Marseilles— Alphonse Gaulin, R. I., C.-G. 6.000
Martinique— Thos. R. Wallace, Iowa, C.. 2,500
Nantes— Gabriel Bie Ravndal. S. D., C.-G. 8.000
Nice
Parii
-W. D. Hunter, Minn., C 2,500
-A. M. Thackera. Pa.. C.-G 12,000
Rouen— Albro L. Burnell, Me., C 2.500
Saigon— Horace Remillard. C 2.500
St. Etienne— William H. Hunt, N. Y.. C. 2,500
St. Pierre-Miquelon— G. K. Donald, Ala.,C. 3,000
Tahiti— Thomas B. L. Layton. La.. C 3.000
Tananarive — James G. Carter, Ga., C 2,500
Tunis— Edwin C. Kemp, Fla., C 2,500
GREAT BRITAIN.
Adelaide— Henry P. Starrett, Fla., C 3.000
Aden— A. E. Southard. Ky.. C 2,500
Auckland— Alfred A. Winslow, Ind., C.-G. 4.500
Barbados— C. L. Livingston, Pa.. C 3.000
Belfast— Hunter Sharp. N. C., C 5,000
Belize— William L. Avery. Mont., C 3,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
243
Birmingham — E. H. Dennison, O., C 5-1.500
Bombay— Stuart K. Lupton, Tenn.. C 4,000
Bradford— A. E. Ingrram, Cal., C 4.500
Bristol — Robertson Honey. N. Y.. 0 2 5UO
Calcutta — James A. Smith. Vt.. C.-G 8 000
Calg-ary— Samuel C. Real, 111.. C 3,500
Campbellton— G. C. Woodward. Pa., C. . . 2,500
Cape Town— G. H. Murphy. N. C., C.-G.. 8,000
Cardiff— Lorin A. Lathrop. Cal., C 3,000
Charlottetown — Wm. A. Pierce, Miss.. C. 2,500
Colombo — Walter A. Leonard, 111.. C 3.oOO
Cork— Charles M. Hathaway, Pa.. C 3.000
Cornwall— Thomas D. Edwards, S. D., C. 2.500
Dublin— Edward L. Adams. N. Y.. C 4.000
Dundee— Henry A. Johnson, D. C.. C. . . . 3,000
Dunfermline— H. D. Van Sant, N. J.. «.. 3.000
Durban— William W. Masterson, Ky.. C.. 3,500
Edinburgh— Ruf us Fleming1. O., C 3,500
Ferm'e— Norton F. Brand, N. D., C 2,000
Fort William— T. R. Taggart, N. J.. C 2,500
Georgetown— G. E. Chamberlin. N. Y., C. 4,000
Gibraltar— R. L. Sprague, Mass., C 2.500
Glasgow-^John N. McCunn. Wis.. C 4,500
Halifax— Evan E. Young, D. C., C.-G. . . . 4,500
Hamilton, Ber.— (Vacancy), C 2.500
Hamilton, Ont.— J. de Olivares, Mo., C. . 3,500
Hongkong— <Geo. E. Anderson. 111., C.-G.. 8,000
Hull— Homer M. Byington, Conn., C 3,500
Johannesburg- — Fred D. Fisher, Ore., C... 5.000
Karachi— (Vacancy). C 2.500
King-ston. Jam.— C. L. Latham, N. C., C. 4,000
Kingston. Ont.— F. S. S. Johnson, N. Jf., C. 3,000
Leeds— Perciral Gassett, D. C., C 3.000
Liverpool— H. L. Washing-ton. D. C., C... 8,000
London— Robert P. Skinner, O.. C.-G. . . . 12,000
Madras— Lucien Memminger. Fla., C 3,000
Malta— Wilbur Keblingrer. W. Va.. C 3,000
Manchester— Ross E. Holaday, O., C 6.000
Melbourne — W. C. Magelssen, Minn., C.-G. 4,500
Moncton — B. M. Rasmussen, Iowa, C.... 3.000
Montreal— James L. Rogers, O., C.-G 8,000
Nairobi— Stillman W. Eels, N. Y., C 2,500
Nassau— William F. Doty, N. J.. C 3,500
Newcastle, N.S.W.— L. N. Sullivan. Pa.. C. 3,000
Newcastle-on-Tyne— W. C. Hamm., Pa., C. 3,000
Nir.gara Falls— James B. Milner, Ind., C. 3,000
Nottingham— Calvin M. Hitch, Ga., C... . 4,500
Ottawa— John G. Foster, Vt.. C.-G 8,000
Penang — George L. Logan, Ark.. 0 2,500
Plymouth— J. G. Stephens. Ind., C 2,500
Port Antonio— (Vacancy). C 3,000
Port Elizabeth— John W. Dye, Minn., C.. 2,500
Prescott— Frank C. Denison, Vt.. C 2,500
Prince Rupert— E. A. Wakefleld, Me., C. 3,500
Quebec— W. R. Dorsey. Md.. C 3,500
Rangoon — Lawrence P. Brigg-s, Mich.,C. . 2,500
Regina— J. H. Johnson, Tex.. C 2.500
Riviere du Loup — B. S. Rairden, Me., C. .. 3.000
St. John, N. B.— Henry S. Culver. O.. C. . 3,500
St. John's, N. F.— J.S.Benedict, N. Y.. C. 2,500
St. Stephen— Alonzo B. Garrett, W.Va., C. 2.500
Sarnia— Fred C. Slater. Kas., C 2,500
Sault Ste. Marie— G. W. Shotts, Mich., C. 2,500
Sheffield— John M. Savage, N. J.. C 3,000
Sherbrooke — Chester Donaldson, N. Y.. C. 3,000
Singapore— E. N. Gunsaulus, O., C.-G.... 6,000
Southampton — A. W. Swalm, Iowa, C... 4,500
Stoke-on-Trent— R. S. S. Bergh, N. D., C. 3,000
Swansea— M. K. Moorhead, Pa.. C 4,000
Sydney, N. S.— C. M. Freeman, N. H.. C. 3,500
Sydney, N. S. W.— J. I. Brittain, O., C -G. 5,500
Toronto — Chester W. Martin, Mich., C. . . 4,000
Trinidad— Henry D. Baker, 111., C 3.500
Vancouver— George N. West. D. C., C.-G. 4.500
Victoria — Robert B. Mosher, D. C., C 4.500
Windsor, Ont.— M. J. Hendrick, N. Y., C. 4.000
Winnipeg— Fredk. M. Ryder. Conn., C.-G. 4,500
Yarmouth— J. J. C. Watson, Ky., C 2.500
GREECE.
Athens— Alex. W. Weddell, Va., C.XJ 4.500
Patras— Arthur B. Cooke, S. C.. C 3,000
Saloniki — George Horton, 111., C 4,500
GUATEMALA.
Guatemala— William T. Fee, O., C.-G. . . . 3.500
HAITI.
Cape Haitien— L. W. Livingston. Fla., C. 2.000 I
Port au Prince— John B. Terres, N. Y., C. 3,000 I
HONDURAS.
Ceiba— Charles N. Willard. Kas.. C $2.500
Puerto Cortes— John R. Bradley. Okla., C. 2.500
Tegucigalpa — Francis J. Dyer, Iowa, C... 2.500
ITALY.
Catania— (Vacancy), C , ...3.000
Florence— F. T. F. Dumont, Pa.. C 3 500
Genoa— David F. Wilber, N. Y., C.-G 5500
Leghorn— William J. Grace, N. Y., C 3,000
Milan— North Winship, Ga.. C 4.000
Naples-^B. Harvey Carroll. Tex., C 3,000
Palermo — Samuel H. Shank, Ind., C.... 3,500
Rome— Francis B. Keene. Wis., C 4,500
Turin— Joseph E. Haven, 111., C 3.500
Venice— John S. Armstrong. N. C., C.... 2,500
JAPAN.
Dairen— A. A. Williamson, D. C., C 4,000
Kobe — Robert Frazer. Jr.. Pa., C 5,000
Nagasaki— Edwin L. Neville, O.. C 3.500
Se9ul— Leo A. Bergholz, N. Y.. C.-G 4,500
Shimonoseki— Walter H. Sholes, Okla.. C. 3,500
Taihoku.Taiwan — M.D.Kirjassoff.Conn.,C!. 2.500
Yokohama — Geo. H. Scidmore. Wis., C.-G. 8,000
KONGO.
Boma— Harry A. McBrlde, Mich., C.-G. . . 2,500
LIBERIA.
Monrovia— (Vacancy). C.-G 5,000
MEXICO.
Acapulco^-John A. Gamon. 111., C 3,500
Aguascalientes — (Vacancy). C 2,500
Chihuahua — James B. Stewart, N. M.. C. 2,500
Ciudad Juarez — Edward A. Dow, Neb., C. 2,500
Durango — (Vacancy), C 2,000
Frontera — Thomas D. Bowman, Mo., C.. 2,500
Guadalajara— John R. Silliman, Tex., C. . 3,000
Guaymas— ^Frederick Simpich, Wash., C.. 4,000
Manzanillo— Harry L. Walsh, Md., C.... 2,500
Matamoros— Gilbert R. Wilson. Tex., C.. 2,500
Mazatlan— 'Wm. E. Chapman. Okla., C. . . 2,500
Mexicali— Walter F. Boyle, Ga., C 2,500
Mexico— G. A. Chamberlain, N. M.. C.-G. 6.000
Monterey— P. C. Hanna. Iowa. C.-G 4,500
Nogales— Ezra M. Lawton, O., C 3,000
Nuevo Laredo — (Vacancy), C 3.000
Piedras Negras — (Vacancy). C 2,500
Progreso— O. G. Marsh, Wash., C 2.500
Salina Cruz— L. Burlingham, N. Y.. C... 2,500
Saltillo— (Vacancy). C 2,000
San Luis Potosi— ^Cornelius Ferris, Col., C. 3,500
Santa Rosalia— Bartley F. Yost, Kas., C. 2.500
Tampico— Claude I. Dawsori, S. C., C.... 3,500
Torreon— Henry M. Walcott. N. Y., C.... 3.000
Vera Cruz— (Vacancy), C 4,500
MOROCCO.
Tangier— Maxwell Blake, Mo., C.-G 3,50ft
NETHERLANDS.
Amsterdam— 'Frank W. Mahin. Iowa, C. . 5.000
Batavia— John F. Jewell, 111., C 5.000
Curacao— Geo. S. Messersmith. Del., C. . . 2,500
Padang— H. J. Dickinson, Ark., C 2.500
Rotterdam — Soren Listoe, Minn., C.-G 5.500
Soerabaya— Henry Campbell, Kas., C. . . . 2,500
NICARAGUA.
Bluefields— John O. Sanders, Tex., C 2,500
Corinto— A. J. McConnico, Miss,. C 3,000
NORWAY.
Bergen — Ralph C. Busser, Pa., C 3,500
Christiania — Marion Letcher, Ga., C.-G. . 5,500
Kristiansand— Charles Forman, La., C.. 2.500
Stavanger — (Vacancy), C 3,000
Trondhjem— Milo A. Jewett. Mass., C 3.500
Vardo— H. C. A. Damm. Tenn., C 3,000
PANAMA.
Colon— Julius H. Dreher, S. C.. C 4,000
Panama— A. G. Snyder, W. Va.. C.-G 6,500
PARAGUAY.
Asuncion— Henry H. Balch, Ala., C 3,000
PERSIA.
Tabriz— Gordon Paddock. N. Y.. C 3,500
PERU.
C-dlao— William W. Handley. N. Y.. C... 5.500
244
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
PORTUGAL.
Fayal— Robert L. Keiser, Ind.. C
Funchal— G. H. Kemper, Ky., C
Lisbon— Will L. Lowne, 111., C.-G
Lourenco Marquez — (Vacancy), C
St. Michels— John Q. Wood, H. I., C
RUSSIA.
Archangel — (Vacancy) , C
Helsingrfors — Thornwell Haynes, Ala., C.
Irkutsk— Ernest L. Harris, 111., C.-O
Moscow — (Vacancy), C.-G
Odessa — (Vacancy), C
Petrograd— R. C. Tredwell, Ind., C
Riga — (Vacancy). C
Tiflis— Felix W. Smith. N. Y.. C....
Vladivostok— John K. Caldwell, O., C. . . .
Warsaw — (Vacancy) , C
SALVADOR.
San Salvador — (Vacancy), V.-C
SERBIA.
Belgrade— (Office temporarily closed).
SIAM.
Bangkok— Carl C. Hansen, Cal.. V.-C....
SPAIN.
Almeria — Gaston Smith. La., C
Barcelona— Carl B. Hurst, D. C., C.-G....
$2,500
3.000
4,500
5,000
4,000
2,500
4,500
5,500
3,500
3,500
3,500
3.00d
4,000
4,000
3,000
5,500
Bilbao— P. H. Foster, Tex., C
Cadiz— Arthur McLean, N. Y., C ,
Gijon— George G. Duffee, Ala., C
Madrid— Ely E. Palmer, R. I., C
Malaga — Louis G. Dreyfus, Cal., C
Palma de Malorca — J. H. Goodier, N.Y., C.
Santander — John H. Grout, Mass., C
Seville— Wilbur T. Grace.v, Mass., C
Teneriffe— George K. Stiles, Md., C
Valencia — John R. Putnam. Ore.. C
Vigro— Edward I. Nathan, Pa., Cv
SWEDEN.
Gothenburg— Wallace J. Young. HI., C...
Malmo — P. W. Burnham, Va., C
Stockholm— Albert Halsted, D. C.. C.-G..
SWITZERLAND.
Basel— Philip Holland, Tenn., C
Bern— William P. Kent, Tenn., C
Geneva — Lewis W. Haskell, S. C., C
St. Gall— William J. Pike, Pa., C
Zurich — (Vacancy), C.-G
URUGUAY.
Montevideo — William Dawson. Minn., C. .
VENEZUELA.
La Guaira — Homer Brett, Miss., C
Maracaibo — Emil Sauer, Tex.. C
Puerto Cabello— Frank A. Henry. Del., C.
§3,000
2,500
2.500
2,500
2,500
2,500
4.000
3,500
3,000
2.500
3,000
3.000
2,500
8,000
4,000
4,500
3,500
4.500
4.500
4,000
3,500
3.500
2,500
FOREIGN EMBASSIES AND LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Argentine Republic— Mr. Romulo S. Naon, A. E.
and P.
Mr. Federico M. Quintana, counselor.
Austria -Hungary — (Diplomatic relations sev-
ered.)
Belgium — Baron de Cartier Marchienne. E. E.
and M. P.
Bolivia— Senor Don I. Calderon, E. E. and M. P.
Brazil — Mr. Domicio da Gama. A. E. and M. P.
Mr. Alberto de I. Moreira, first secretary.
Bulgaria — Mr. Stephan Panaretoff, E. E. and
M. P.
Dr. George N. Poulieff, secretary.
Chile — Senor Don Gustavo Munizaga Varela,
charge d'affaires.
China— Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo.
Mr. Yung Kwai, counselor.
Colombia — Senor Dr. Carlos Adolfo Urueta, E.
E. and M. P.
Senor Don Alfonso Delgado. secretary.
Costa Rica — Senor Don Manuel Castra Quesada,
E. E. and M. P.
Senor Don J. Rafael Oreamuno, secretary.
Cuba — Dr. C. M. de Cespedes, E. E. and M. P.
Dr. Joaquin R. Torralbas, secretary.
Denmark— Mr. Constantin Brun, E. E. andM. P.
Dominican Republic — Senor Dr. Luis Galvan. E.
E. and M. P.
Ecuador — Senor Dr. Don Rafael H. Elizalde,
E. E. and M. P.
France — Mr. J. J. Jusserand, A. E. and P.
Mr. Clausse. counselor.
Germany — (Diplomatic relations severed.)
Great Britain — The Earl of Reading, nigh com-
missioner and A. E. and'M. P.
Sir Hardiman Lever, M. P.. assistant commis-
sioner.
Sir Henry Babington Smith, M. P., assistant
commissioner.
Sir Richard Crawford, M. P., assistant com-
missioner.
Mr. Colville Barclay, M. P. and counselor of
embassy.
Greece — Mr. George Rousses, E. E. and M. P.
Guatemala — Senor Don Joaauin Mendez, E. E.
and M. P.
Senor Don Francisco Sanchez Latour, secre-
tary.
Haiti— Mr. Solon Menos, E. E. and M. P.
Mr. Maurice Menoz, secretary.
Honduras — Senor Don Jose A. Lopez Gutierrez.
E. E. and M. P.
Senor Don R. Camilo Diaz, secretary.
Italy — Count Vincenzo Macchi di Cellere, A. E.
and P.
Mr. Giuseppe Brambilla, counselor.
Japan — Viscount Kikujiro Ishii, A. E. and P.
Mr. Tokichi Tanaka, counselor.
Mexico— Senor Ignacia Bonillas.
Netherlands — Mr. Augustus Phillips. E. E. and
M. P.
Jonkheer A. W. L. Tjarda van Starkenborg-
Stachouwer, attache.
Nicaragua — Senor Don Ramon Enriquez, charge
d'affaires.
Norway— Mr. H. H. Bryn, E. E. and M. P.
Mr. William M. Johannessen. secretary.
Panama — 'Senor Don J. E. Lefevre, secretary and
charge d'affaires.
Paraguay — Mr. Hector Velasquez, E. E. & M. P.
Persia— Mehdi Khan, E. E. and M. P.
Mirza Ali Kuli Khan, counselor.
Peru — Mr. Manuel de Freyre y Santander, E. E.
and M. P. •
Portugal— Viscount de Alte, E. E. and M. P.
Roumania — Dr. Constantin Angelesco, E. E. and
M. P.
Russia — Mr. Boris A. Bakhmetieff, A. E. and P.
Mr. C. Onou, counselor.
Salvador — Senor Dr. Rafael Zaldivar, E. E. and
M. P.
Senor Don Antonio Reyes Guerra, secretary
and charg-e d'affaires.
Serbia— L. Mihailovitch.
Siam — Prince Phya Prabha Karavongse. E. E.
and M. P.
Mr. Edward H. Loftus, secretary.
Spain — Senor Don Juan Riano y Gayangos. A.
E. and P.
Senor Don Manuel Walls y Merino, coun-
selor.
Sweden— Mr. W. A. F. Ekengren, E. E. & M. P.
Baron E. Akerhielm. counselor of legation.
Switzerland — Dr. Jean Adolphe Sulzer, E. E.
and M. P.
Turkey — (Diplomatic relations severed.)
Uruguay — Senor Don Hugo V. de Pena. charge
d'affaires.
Venezuela— Senor Dr. Santos A. Dominici, E. E.
and M. P.
EARTHQUAKE IN FOKTO RICO.
Porto Rico was visited by a severe earth-
quake on Friday, Oct. 11. 1918. There was
considerable loss of life, the total number of
killed being placed at about 200. Most of the
victims lived in or near M.iyaguez on the west-
ern coast of the island. The property damage
was estimated at §5,000.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
245
.Sporting
BASEBALL SEASON OF 1918.
Owing- to the fact that the military authori-
ties of the United States held ball playing to
be a nonessential occupation the baseball sea-
son of 1918 came to a close on Sept. 2 in-
stead of about a month later as in other
years. The drafting of players into the army
and navy or their v&luntary enlistment for
war work of various kinds weakened a num-
ber of the teams. This in addition to poor
attendance caused by the entry of so many
men into military service led some of the
associations to end their seasons even earlier
than did the National and American leagues,
which played their last regular games on
Sept. 2. It was understood that ball playing
by major league teams would not be resumed
until alter the end of the war in Europe.
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
Standing of the Clubs.
a a S «
9 B £••
Club.
o 2
3 E
|?
fi
. .
Chicago i 14 10 10 9 13 14 15 84 .651
New York ... 6 . . 7 8 12 10 15 13 71 .673
Cincinnati ... 7 12 . . 4 12 12 8 13 68 .531
Pittsburgh ... 8 11 12 . . 9 7 9 9 65 .520
Brooklyn 10 8 6 10 . . 9 6 8 57 .452
Philadelphia . . 6 3 7 11 8 . . 12 8 55 .447
Boston 5 1 10 10 8 7 . . 12 53 .427
St. Louis 3 4 8 7 11 11 7 . . 61 .395
Lost 45 53 60 60 69 68 71 78
Twenty Leading Batsmen in 1918.
Playing1 in forty or more games.
G. AB. E. H. 2B. 3B. Pet.
Southw'th Pgh... 64 246 37 84 6 7 .341
Z. Wheat, Bkl..l05 409 39 137 16 2 .335
Roush. Cin 113 437 61 145 19 10 .332
Groh. Cin 126 492 86 158 28 3 .321
Hollocher. Chi... 131 509 73 161 22 6 .316
Fisher. St. L 63 244 35 77 11 2 .316
Kauff. N. Y 67 270 41 85 19 4 .315
Daubert. Bkl 108 397 50 112 12 15 .307
Young. N. Y 121 475 70 142 15 8 .299
J.'.C. Smith. Bos.119 429 55 128 19 3 .298
Merkle. Chi 129 483 55 144 25 6 .298
S. Mag-ee. Cin... 119 413 46 122 15 13 .295
O'Farrell. Chi... 51 113 9 33 7 3 .292
Lee Magree. Cin. 115 447 61 130 21 13 .291
Burns. N. Y 119 465 80 135 22 7 .290
Paskert. Chi 127 460 69 133 22 3 .289
Massey, Bos 67 204 20 59 6 2 .289
Fitegerald. Phil.. 65 132 21 38 8 0 .288
Cutshaw, P&h....l26 466 56 133 16 10 .285
Luderus. Phil 125 468 54 133 22 1 .284
Champion Batters Since 1876.
Batter and club. Average.
1876— Barnes, Chicago 403
1877— White, Boston 385
1878 — Dalrymple, Milwaukee 380
1879— Anson, Chicago 407
1880— Gore, Chicago 365
1881— Anson, Chicago 393
1882— Brouthers, Buffalo 367
1883— Brouthers, Buffalo 371
1884— O'Eourke, Buffalo 350
1885— Connor, New York 371
1886— Kelly, Chicago 388
1887— Maul. Philadelphia 343
1888— Anson. Chicago 343
1889— Brouthers. Boston 313
1890— Luby, Chicago. . 342
1891— Hamilton, Boston 338
1892— Brouthers, Boston 335
1893— Stenzel, Pittsburgh 409
1894— Duffy, Boston 438
1895— Burkett, Cleveland 438
1896— Burkett, Cleveland 419
1897— Keeler, Baltimore 417
1898— Keeler, Baltimore 387
1899— Delehanty, Philadelphia 408
Average.
. . . .384
. . . .382
. . . .367
. . . .365
. . . .349
. . . .377
. . . .339
. . . .350
. . . .354
. . . .341
... .331
. . . .334
. . . .372
. . . .350
. . . .329
. . . .320
. . . .339
. . . .341
335
Batter and club.
1900— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1901— Burkett, St. Louis
1902— Beaumont, Pittsburgh . . .
1903— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1904— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1905 — Seymour, Cincinnati....
1906 — Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1907— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1908— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1909— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1910— Magee, Philadelphia
1911— Wagner, Pittsburgh ....
1912 — Zimmerman, Chicago . . .
1913— Daubert, Brooklyn
1914— Daubert, Brooklyn
1915— Doyle, New York
1916 — Chase, Cincinnati
1917 — Eoush, Cincinnati
1918— Wheat, Brooklyn
Championship Record.
Club. Won. Lost. Pet.
1876— Chicago . . .' 62 14 .788
1877— Boston 31 17 .648
1878 — Boston 41 19 .707
1879— Providence 55 23 .705
1880— Chicago 67 17 .798
1881— Chicago -. . 56 28 .667
1882— Chicago 65 29 .655
1883— Boston 63 35 .643
1884— Providence 84 28 .750
1885— Chicago 87 25 .776
1886— Chicago 90 34 .725
1887— Detroit 79 45 .637
1888— New York 84 47 .641
1889— New York 83 43 .659
1890— Brooklyn 86 43 .667
1891— Boston 87 51 .630
1892— Boston 102 48 .680
1893— Boston 86 44 .662
1894— Baltimore 89 39 .695
1895— Baltimore 87 43 .669
1896— Baltimore 90 39 .698
1897— Boston 93 39 .795
1898— Boston 91 47 .659
1899— Brooklyn 101 47 .682
1900— Brooklyn 82 54 .603
1901— Pittsburgh 90 49 .647
1902— Pittsburgh 103 36 .741
1903— Pittsburgh 91 49 .650
1904— New York 106 47 .693
1905— New York 105 48 .686
1906— Chicago 116 36 .763
1907— Chicago 107 45 .704
1908— Chicago 99 55 .643
1909— Pittsburgh 110 42 .725
1910— Chicago 104 50 .675
1.911— New York 99 54 .647
1912— New York 103 48 .682
1913— New York 101 51 .664
1914— Boston 94 59 .614
1915— Philadelphia 90 62 .592
1916— Brooklyn 94 60 .610
1917— New York 98 56 .636
1918— Chicago 84 45 .651
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Standing of the Clubs.
Club.
Boston ........ 10 7 6 14 12 13 13 75
Cleveland ____ 10 .. 8 11 10 11 10 13 73
Washington . . 7 11 . . 11 7 13 11 12 72
New York ____ 11 7 8 . . 10 610 860
St. Louis ..... 5 81210.. 5101260
Chicago ..... 7 10 6 12 5 . . 6 11 57
Detroit ...... 5 3 9 9 10 10 . . 9 55
Philadelphia . . 6 7 6 4 8 10 11 . . 52
Lost . . .. 51 56 56 63 64 67 71 76
.595
.566
.502
.488
.484
.460
.437
.407
246
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Twenty Leading Batsmen in 1918.
Playing in forty games or more.
G. AB. R. H. SH. SB. Pet.
Cobb, Det Ill 421 83 161 9 34 .382
Burns. Phil. . . . 130 505 61 178 8 8 .352
Sisler, St. L 114 452 69 154 9 45 .341
Speaker. Clev 127 471 73 150 11 27 .319
Baker, N. Y 126 504 65 154 12 8 .306
Pipp, N. Y 91 349 48 106 14 11 .304
Weaver Chi 112 420 37 126 19 20 300
Boston. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.B.
Hooper, rf . . . . 4 0 1 1 000400
Shean, 2b....2 1 1 1 200030
Strunk. cf '3 0 0 0 010200
Whiteman, If. 4 0 2 2 000500
Mclnnis, Ib. . . 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 10 0 0
Scott, as 4 0 0 0 000020
Thomas, 3b..3 0 0 0 000110
Agnew, c 3 0 0 0 000500
Ruth, p 3 0 0 0 000010
Ruth, Bos 95 317 50 95 3 6 .300
Acosta, W. Phil.. 52 171 23 51 10 4 .298
Murphy. Chi 91 286 36 85 12 6 .297
Wood. Clev. . . . 119 422 41 125 20 8 .296
Wambs.. Clev 87 315 34 93 17 16 .295
Walker, Phil 114 414 56 122 10 8 .294
Caldwell, N. Y.. 65 151 14 44 4 2 .291
Milan, Wash. ..128 503 56 146 7 26 .290
Hooper. Bos. ..126 474 81 137 16 24 .289
Schulte, Wash.. 93 267 35 77 9 5 .288
Gardner. Phil... 127 463 50 132 16 9 .285
Foster, Wash. ..120 519 70-147 12 12 .283
Roth. Clev. . . . 106 375 53 106 12 36 .283
Champion Batters Since 1900.
- Batter and club. Average.
1900 — Dungan, Kansas City 337
Totals 28 1 5 5 320 27 70
Chicago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0
Boston 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 — 1
Struck out— By Vaughn, 6 (Thomas 2, Ruth
2, Shean, Whiteman) ; by Ruth, 4 (Flack,
Pick. Vaughn, Paskert). Hit by pitcher — By
Ruth, Flack. Time— 1:50. Umpires— O'Day
back of plate, Hildebrand. Klem and Owens on
bases.
In Chicago, Sept. 6.
Chicago. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
Flack, rf....4 0 2 2 000410
Hollocher, ss..4 0 1 3 000540
Mann, If 4 0 0 0 000000
Paskert, cf...4 0 0 0 000200
Merkle, Ib 2 1 1 1 100610
Pick 2b 2 1 1 1 100440
1901 — Lajoie, Philadelphia 422
1902 — Delehanty, Washington 876
1903 — Lajoie, Cleveland 355
Killefer, c 2 1 1 2 100420
Tyler, p 3 0 1 1 000120
1904— Lajoie. Cleveland 381
1905— Lajoie Cleveland 329
1906 — Stone, St. Louis 358
1907 — Cobb, Detroit ' 350
Totals 2/ 3 7 10 3 1 0 27 15 1
Boston. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.B.
Hooper, rf 3 0 1 1 100100
Shean, 2b 4 0 1 1 000520
Strunk. cf 4 1 1 3 000120
Whiteman, If. 3 0 1^3 100301
Mclnnis, lb..4 0 1 1 0007OO
Scott, ss 2 0 0 0 110320
1908 — Crisd, St. Louis.... . .354
1909 — Cobb, Detroit 375
1910— Cobb, Detroit 385
1911 — Cobb, Detroit 420
1912 — Cobb Detroit 410
1913 — Cobb Detroit 390
1914 — Cobb, Detroit 368
Thomas, 3b...3 0 0 0 000110
•Dubuc 1 0 0 0 000000
1915 — Cobb, Detroit 370
1918 — Speaker, Boston 386
Agnew, c 2 0 0 0 00024O
1917— Cobb, Detroit 382
1918— Cobb, Detroit
Schang, c. ...2 0 1 1 000100
Bush, p 2 0 0 0 100030
Champions flip Record.
Club. Won. Lost. Pet.
1900— Chicago 82 63 .607
Totals 30 1 6 10 4 1 0 24 14 1
•Batted for Thomas in ninth.
1901— Chicago 83 53 .610
1902 — Philadelphia 83 53 .610
Two base hit— Killefer. Three base hits —
Hollocher, Strunk, Whiteman. Struck out — By
Tyler, 2 (Shean, Dubuc). Double plays—
Killefer-Hollocher ; Hollocher-Pick-Merkle. Time,
1:58. Umpires — Hildebrand behind plate, Klem,
Owens and O'Day on bases.
In Chicago, Sept 7. ..
Chicago. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.B.
1903 — Boston 91 47 .659
1904 — Boston 95 59 .617
1905 — Philadelphia 92 56 .622
1906— Chicago 93 58 .616
1907— Detroit 92 58 .613
1908 — Detroit 90 63 .588
1909 — Detroit 98 54 .645
1910 — Philadelphia 102 48 .680
1911— Philadelphia 101 50 .669
1912— Boston 105 47 .691
Hollocher, ss..3 0 0 0 010131
1913— Philadelphia 96 57 .627
191*— Philadelphia 99 53 .651
1915 — Boston 101 50 .669
Paskert, cf...4 0 1 1 000100
Merkle, lb...4 0 0 0 000920
1916— Boston 91 63 .591
1917— Chicago 100 54 .649
1918 — Boston 75 61 595
Killefer, c 3 0 1 1 000800
Vaughn, p.... i 0 0 0 000330
WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES.
The Chicago National (Cubs) and the Bos-
ton American (Red Sox) league baseball
teams, champions of their respective associa-
tions, played for the 1918 championship of
the world with the following result:
In Chicago, Sept. S.
Chicago. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.RR.PO.A.B.
Hollocher, 88 30000^0210
Flack, rf.. 3011000200
Mann, If.. 4011000000
Paskert, cf 4022000200
Merkle, Ib 3011100920
Pick, 2b.. 3000000110
•0'Farrell 1 0 0 0 000000
Deal. 3b.. 4 0 1 1 000130
Killefer. c. 4000000720
Vaughn, p 3000000350
Totals 31 1 7 9 111 27 10 1
Boston. AB.R.BII.TR.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
Hooper, rf 3 0 1 I 100300
Shean, 2b 4 0 0 0 000120
Strunk, cf....4 0 0 0 000100
Whiteman, If. 3 1 1 1 001300
Mclnnis, Ib... 4 1 1 3 0 0 0 12 0 0
Schang, c 4 0 2 2 001620
Scott ss 4 0 1 1 000150
Thomas, 3b...3 0 1 1 000020
Mays, p « 0 0 0 000020
Totals 32 2 7 7 102 27 13 0
Boston 0 0 0 " 0 0 0 0 0 — 2
Chicago 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0—1
Two base hits — Mann, Pick. Struck out — By
Vaughn, Mclnnis, Schang (2), Strunk (2),
Hooper, Scott: by Mays. Paskert, Hollocher,
Merkle, Vaughn. Double plays — Hollocher-
Merkle; Vaughn-Merkle. Hit by pitcher — By
Totals 32 0 6 6 110 27 14 0
•Batted for Pick in ninth.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Vaugrhn, Whi
Time— 1 :45.
Owens, O'Day
;
Chicago.
Flack, rf . . . .
Hollocher, 88.
Mann, If. ...
Paskert, cf . .
Merkle, Ib . .
Pick. 2b . . . .
Zeider, 3b...
Deal, 3b
teman. Passed ball — Schang.
Umpires — Klem behind plate,
and Hildebrand on bases.
n Boston, Sept. 9.
AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
4 0 1 1 000300
4 0 0 0 U00200
4 0 1 1 000200
4 0 0 0 000300
3 0 1 1 100910
2 0 2 2 000020
0 0 0 0 200120
2 0 1 1 000130
1 0 0 0 000000
1 0 0 0 000100
2 1 0 0 100100
1 0 0 0 000000
0 0 0 0 200140
1 0 1 1 000000
0 1 0 0 000000
0 Q 0 0 000001
i
In Boston, Sept. 11.
Chicago. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
Flack, rf 3 1 1 1 101201
Hollocher, ss 4 0 0 0 000040
Mann, If... 3 0 0 0 000200
Paskert, cf. 2000100500
Merkle, Ib. 3011000820
Pick, 2b... 3011000310
Deal, 3b... 2000000210
'Barber ... 1000000000
Zeider, 3b.. 0000000000
Killefer, c.. 2000000220
O'Farrell, c. 1000000000
•O'Farrell ; .
Wortman, 2b.
Killefer, c...
t Barber ....
tMcCabe .. 1000000000
Hendrix, p. 0000000000
Total 27 1 3 3 201 24 13 2
J Hendrix . . .
IMcCabe . . .
Douglas, p . . .
Totals ....
•Batted for Deal in eighth. t Batted lor
Tyler in eighth.
Boston. AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
Hooper, rf. 3000010100
Shean, 2b.. 3 1 0 0 100240
Strunk, cf.. 4 0 2 2 000000
Whiteman, If 4000000200
Ruth, If... 0000000100
Mclnnis, Ib 40 11000 16 10
Scott, ss... 4 0 1 1 000330
Thomas, 3b. 2 0 0 0 110120
Schang, c. . 1000200120
Mays, p 2 1 1 1 100060
2« 2 7 7 6 0 02412 1
Deal in seventh. fBatted for
th. JBatted for Tyler in eighth,
irix in eighth.
AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
3 0 0 0 010100
3 0 1 2 101440
4 0 0 0 000000
8 1 0 0 100100
0 0 0 0 000000
3 1 1 1 000 16 10
2 0 1 3 010040
3 0 0 0 000380
3 0 0 0 000230
2 0 0 0 000010
1 1 1 1 000000
•Batted for
Killefer in nin
§Ban for Hen
Boston.
Hooper, rf . . .
Shean, 2b. . .
Strunk, cf . . .
Whiteman, If
Mclnnis, Ib.
Ruth, p-lf...
Scott, ss. . . .
Thomas, 3b . .
Agnew, c . . . .
Schang, c. . .
Totals . . .
Totals 27 2 5 5 520 27 12 0
Chicago 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Beaton 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 • 2
Struck out— By Tyler, 1; by Mays, 1. Bases
on balls— Off Tyler, 5. Hits— Off Tyler, 5 in
7 innings. Hit by pitcher— By Mays, Mann.
Umpires— Hildebrand at plate. Klem, Owens
and O'Day en bases.
Batting Averages.
Chicago. AB. R. H. TB. BB. SH. SB. Ave.
Flack 19 2 5 5 4 0 1 263
27 3 4 7 2 2 12721 0
..00000002 0—2
Chicago ....
Boston
...00020001 *— 3
Two base hit
Struck out— B
Off Tyler, 2:
Ruth-Scott-Mcl
—Off Tyler, 3
innings. Wil(
Killefer, 2.
O'Day and Kle
It
Chicago.
Flack, rf . . . .
Hollocher, ss
Mann, If. ...
Paskert, cf..
Merkle, Ib . .
Pick, 2b
Deal, 3b
Killefer, c . . .
Vaughn, p . .
Totals. . . .
Boston.
Hooper, rf . . .
Shean, 2b . . .
Strunk, cf . . .
Whiteman, If
Mclnnis, Ib.
Scott, ss. ...
Thomas, 3b. .
Agnew, c. . . .
Schang, c . . .
•Miller
— Shean. Three base hit — Ruth,
y Tyler, 1. Bases on balls —
off Ruth, 6. Double plays—
nnis; Scott-Shean-Mclnnis. Hits
in 7 innings; off Ruth, 7 in 8
I pitch — Ruth. Passed balls —
Umpires — Owens, Hildebrand,
m.
i Boston, Sept. 10.
AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
2 1 0 0 200100
3233101250
3 0 1 2 010200
3 0 1 2 100300
3 0 1 1 100 11 10
4 0 1 1 000430
4 0 0 0 000000
4 0 0 0 000400
4 0 0 0 000030
Hollocher 21 2 4 6 1 2 1 .190
Mann 22 0 5 7 0 1 0 °27
Paskert .... 21 0 4 5 4 0 0 190
Merkle 18 1 5 5 4 0 0 '278
Pick 18278101 '389
Deal 17 0 3 3 0 1 0 'l76
Killefer 17 2 2 3 2 0 0 'l!8
Vaughn 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 '000
Tyler 5 6 1 1 2 6 6 '266
O'Farrell .... 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Wortman .... 1000000 000
Zeider 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Hendrix ... 10110001 666
Barber .... 2000000 000
McCabe ... 1100000 000
Douglas 0000000.'..
30 3 7 9 5 1 12712 0
AB.R.BH.TB.BB.SH.SB.PO.A.E.
4 0 1 1 000100
3 0 1 1 010320
4 0 1 2 OOO400
3 0 1 1 000120
3 0 0 0 000900
3 0 0 0 000140
3011000110
2000000510
1 0 0 0 000100
1000100130
1 0 0 0 000000
Boston. AB. R. H. TB. BB. SH. SB. Ave.
Hooper 20 0 4 4 2 2 0 °00
Shean 19 2 4 5 4 1 1 '°11
Strunk 23 1 " 4 7 0 1 0 174
Whiteman ... 20 2 5 7 2 0 1 !250
Mclnnis 20 2 5 5 1 1 0 °50
Scott 20 0 2 2 1 1 0 100
Thomas .... 17 0 2 2 1 1 0 118
Apnew 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 000
Schang 9 1 4 4 2 0 1 444
Ruth -5 0 1 3 0 1 0 200
Bush 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 .000
Ma^c 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 .200
Totals . 28 0 5 6 1 1 02713 0
•Batted for Jones in ninth.
Miller 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Boston 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—0
Two base hits — Mann, Paskert, Strunk.
Struck out — By Vaughn, 4; by Jones, 5. Dou-
ble plays — Merkle-Hollocher; Hollocher-Pick-
Merkle (2); Whiteman-Shean. Umpires— O'Day
behind plate, Hildebrand, Klem, and Owens on
bases.
Totals 172 9324016 8 3 .186
Summary.
Paid attendance 128 483
Total receipts $17f) (519 00
Players' share (4 games) 69 527 70
Each club's share 46 064 70
Commission's share.. 17.961.90
248
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Receipts in 1018.
Attendance. Receipts.
. . . 19/274 $30,348.00
. . . 20,040
27,054
22,183
24,694
15,338
29,997.00
40,118.00
28,292.00
31,069.00
19,795.00
Attendance and
Date and city.
Sept. 5, in Chicago. .
Sept. 6, in Chicago. .
Sept. 7, in Chicago. .
Sept. 9, in Boston. . .
Sept. 10, in Boston. .
Sept. 11, in Boston. .
Totals 128,483 $179,619.00
Attendance and Receipts by Years.
Attend- Players'
Year. ance. Receipts. pool.
1905 (5 games).. 91,033 $68,405 $27,391
1906 (6 games).. 99,864 106,550 33,401
1907 (5 games).. 78,068 101,728 54,933
1908 (5 games) . . 62,232 94,975 46,173
1909 (7 games).. 145,807 188,862 66,925
1910 (5 games).. 124,222 179,980 79,072
1911 (6 games) . .179,851 342,364 127,910
1912 (8 games) . .252,237 490,833 147,572
1913 (5 games). .150,992 325,979 135,164
1914 (4 games). .111,009 225,739 121,899
1915 (5 games).. 143,351 320,361 144,899
1916 (5 games) . .162,359 385,590 162,927
1917 (6 games). .185,691 425,878 152,888
1918 (6 games).. 128,483 179,619 69,527
Record of World's Series.
1903 — Games won, Boston Americans, 5; Pitts-
burgh Nationals, 3. Winning pitchers,
Dineen, 3; Young, 2; Phillippi, 3.
1905 — Games won. New York Nationals, 4?
Philadelphia Americans. 1. Winning
Ditchers. Mathewson. 3; McGinnity, 1;
Bender, 1.
1906 — Games won, Chicago Americans, 4; Chi-
cago Nationals, 2. Winning- pitchers,
Walsh. 2; White, 1: Altrock. 1; Brown,
1: Reulbach. 1.
1907— Games won. Chicago Nationals. 4: De-
troit Americans. 0: draw, 1. Winning
pitchers. Brown. 2: Reulbach. '1: Over-
all. 1.
1908 — Games won, Chicago Nationals, 4: De-
troit Americans, 1, Winning pitchers,
Brown. 2 : Overall. 1 : Reulbach. 1.
1909 — Games won. Pittsburgh Nationals, 4:
Detroit. Americans. 3. Winning pitchers,
Adams. 3: Willis. 1; Mullin. 2; Dono-
van. 1.
1910 — Games won, Philadelphia Americans, 4;
Chicago Nationals, 1. Winning pitchers
Bender, 1: Coombs, 3; Cole, 1.
1911 — Games won. Philadelphia Americans. 4;
New York Nationals. 2. Winning pitch-
ers. Blank, 1; Coombs, 1; Bender, 2;
Mathewson. 1: Crandall. 1.
1912 — Games won, Boston Americans. 4: New
York Nationals. 3; tied game, 1. Win-
ning pitchers. Wood. 2: Bedient, 1; Col-
lins. 1: Marquard. 2: Tesreau. 1.
1913 — Games won. Philadelphia Americans. 4;
New York Nationals. 1. Winning pitch-
ers. Bender. 2: Bush. 1; Plank, 0.;
Mathewson, 1.
1914 — Games »won, Boston Nationals, 4: Phila-
delphia Americans. 0. Winning pitchers
Rudolph. 2: Tyler. 1: James. 1.
1915 — Games won. Boston Americans. 4: Phil-
adelphia Nationals. 1. Winning pitchers
Alexander (Pa.), 1; Foster, 2; Leonard,
1; Shore, 1.
1916 — Games won. Boston Americans 4;
Brooklyn Nationals. 1. Winning pitch-
ers. Shore, 2; Ruth, 1; Coombs, 1;
Leonard, 1.,
1917— Games won, Chicago Americans, 4; New
York Nationals. 2. Winning pitchers, Ci-
cotte, 1 ; Faber, 3 ; Benton, 1; Schupp, 1.
1918 — Games won. Boston Americans 4- Chica-
go Nationals, 2. Winning pitchers. Ruth.
2: Mays, 2: Vaughn, 1: Tyler. 1.
RESULTS IN OTHER LEAGUES.
American Association.
Season closed July 20.
Club. W.L.Pct. | Club.
Kansas City 44 30 .595
Indianapolis ...42 33 .560
Columbus 41 33 .554
Louisville 42 36 .538
Milwaukee
W.L.Pct.
.38 35 .521
Championship Record.
St. Paul 38 39 .494
Minneapolis ...34 42 .447
Toledo 23 54 .299
1902— Indianapolis .. .682
1903— St. Paul 657
1904— St. Paul 646
1905— Columbus 658
1906— Columbus ...„ .615
1907— Columbus 584
1908— Indianapolis .. .601
1909— Louisville 554
1910— Minneapolis .. .637
International League.
Season closed Sept. 2.
Club.
1911 — Minneapolis
1912 — Minneapolis
1913— Milwaukee
1914— Milwaukee
1915 — Minneapolis
1916— Louisville .
1917— Indianapolis
1918— Kansas City
.600
.636
.599
.590
.597
.605
.588
.595
Club. W.L.Pct.
Toronto 88 41 .682
Binshamton ...84 40 .677
Baltimore 75 52 .591
Newark 65 62 .512
Championship Record.
1892— Providence ... .616 1905— Providence
Binghamton 7. .667
1893— Erie 606
W.L.Pct.
Rochester 59 61 .492
Buffalo 50 68 .424
Hamilton 39 74 .345
Jersey Cit£. ...30 32 .246
1894— Providence
1895— Springfield
1896 — Providence
1897— Syracuse ..
1898— Montreal .,
1899— Rochester ,
1900— Providence
1901— Rochester
.696
.687
.602
.632
.586
.626
.623
.645
1902— Toronto 669
1903— Jersey City... .736
1904— Buffalo 736
1906 — Buffalo
1907— Toronto .,
1908— Baltimore
1909— Rochester
1910— Rochester
1911— Rochester
1912— Toronto ....«..,. .595
1913— Newark „ .625
1914— Providence ... .617
1915— Buffalo 632
1916— Buffalo 586
.638
.607
.619
.593
.596
.601
.645
1917— Toronto
1918— Toronto
Club.
Southern League.
Season ended June 28.
W.L.Pct.
New Orleans.. .49 21 .700
Club.
.604
.682
W.L.Pct.
Chattanooga ...35 34 .507
Memphis 32 38 .457
Nashville 30 40 .429
Atlanta 18 49 .269
Little Rock.... 41 28 .594
Mobile 35 32 .522
Birmingham ..33 31 .516
Eastern and Pacific Coast Leagues.
The Eastern league season ended July 22,
with New London in first place. The Pacific
coast championship was won by Los Angeles,
the season ending July 22.
COLLEGE BASEBALL.
Conference Standing.
Clubs.
Michigan
W.L.Pct.
9 1 .900
Illinois 7 3 .700
Ohio State 3 2 .600
Chicago 6 5 .545
Clubs.
W.L.Pct.
Iowa 2 3 .400
Wisconsin 1 5 .166
Purdue 1 5 .166
Indiana 0 5 .000
Yale Champion in East.
Yale won the championship among the east-
ern colleges, going through the season without
a defeat. ' The list of Yale victories follows:
Date. Opposing team. Yale.
April 6— Wesleyan 6 6
April 20— Dartmouth 0
April 27 — Cornell 1 4
May 4 — Princeton 3 4
May 11— Harvard » 5
May 18— Princeton 0 21
May 25 — Pennsylvania «. 0
June 1 — Harvard 3 5
LONGEST GAMES IN BIG LEAGUES.
American League. ,
Twenty-Four Innings.
Sept. 1. 1906— Philadelphia, 4; Boston, 1.
Twenty Innings.
July 4, 1905— Philadelphia, 4; Boston, 2.
Nineteen Innings.
Sept. 27, 1912— Washington, 5 : Philadelphia. 4.
June 24, 1915— Chicago, 4; Cleveland, 3.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
249
Eighteen Inning's.
June 25. 1903— Chicago, 6: New York, 6.
July 19. 1909— Detroit, 0: Washington, 0.
May 15, 1918— Washington, 1; Chicago, 0.
Seventeen Innings.
Augr. 9. 1900— Milwaukee, 3: Chicago, 2.
Sept. 21. 1901— Chicago, 1; Boston. 0.
May 18, 1902— Chicago, 2: St. Louis. 2.
July 9, 1902— Philadelphia, 4; Boston, 2.
Sept. 30. 1907— Detroit, 9; Philadelphia, 9.
May 13, 1909— Chicago, 1: Washington, 1.
May 25, 1912— Chicago, 5: Detroit, 4.
May 21. 1915— Chicago, 3; Boston, 2.
July 14, 1916— Boston, 5: Chicago. 4.
July 10, 1917— New York, 7; St. Louia, 6.
National League. -
Twenty-Two Innings.
Aug. 22, 1917— Brooklyn, 6: Pittsburgh. 6.
Twenty-One Innings.
July 17. 1914— New York. 3: Pittsburgh, 1.
July 17. 1918— Chicago. 2: Philadelphia. 1.
Aug. 1. 1918— Pittsburgh, 2: Boston, 0.
Twenty Innings.
June 30. 1892— Chicago, 7: Cincinnati, 7,
Aug. 24. 1901— Chicago, 2: Philadelphia. 1.
Nineteen Innings.
June 22. 1902— Chicago. 3; Pittsburgh. 2.
July 31. 1912— Pittsburgh. 7: Boston, 6.
June 17, 1915— Chicago, 4: Brooklyn, 3.
June 13. 1918— Philadelphia, 8; St. Louis. 8.
Eighteen Innings.
Aug. 17. 1882— Providence, 1; Detroit, 0.
Aug. 17, 1902 — Brooklyn, 7: St. Louis, 7.
June 24, 1905— Chicago, 2; St. Louis, 1.
June 28. 1916— Pittsburgh, 3: Chicago. 2.
Seventeen Innings.
June 26. 1893 — Cincinnati, 5: New York, 5.
Aug. 11, 1904— St. Louis, 4; Brooklyn. 3.
Sept. 18, 1904 — Chicago. 2: Cincinnati. 1.
June 4, 1908— Chicago, 1: Boston, 1.
Aug. 22, 1908— Pittsburgh, 1; Brooklyn, 0.
Sept. 2. 1908— Philadelphia. 3: Brooklyn. 2.
July 26. 1909— New York, 3: Boston, 3.
May 28. 1913— Chicago. 8; St. Louis, 7.
In Other Leagues.
May 31, 1901— Three-I league: Decatur, 2;
Bloomington, 1, twenty-six innings.
Sept. 10. 1911— Pacific Coast league; Port-
land, 1; Sacramento, 1, twenty-four innings.
RECORD OF NO-HIT GAMES.
1879_Richmond (Worcester) vs. Cleveland.
1880 — Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Boston.
Galvin (Buffalo) vs. Worcester.
1882 — Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Worcester.
1883 — Radbourne (Providence) vs. Cleveland.
Daly (Cleveland) vs. Philadelphia.
1884 — Corcoran (Chicago) vs. Providence.
Galvin (Buffalo) vs. Detroit.
1885— Clarkson (Chicago) vs. Providence.
Ferguson (Philadelphia) vs. Providence.
1887— Seward (Philadelphia) vs. Brooklyn.
Weyhing (Philadelphia) vs. Baltimore.
1891— Lovett (Brooklyn) vs. New York.
Rusie (New York) vs. Brooklyn.
1892 — Stivetts (Boston) vs. Brooklyn.
Jones (Pittsburgh) vs. Cincinnati.
1893— Hawke (Baltimore) vs. Washington.
1897 — Young (Cleveland) vs. Cincinnati.
1898 — Hughes (Baltimore) vs. Boston.
Breitenstein (Cincinnati) vs. Pittsburgh.
Donahue (Philadelphia) vs. Boston.
1899— Phillippi (Louisville) vs. Washington.
Willis (Boston) vs. New York.
1900— Hahn (Cincinnati) vs. Philadelphia.
1901— Mathewson (New York) vs. St. Louis.
1902— Callahan (Chicago) vs. Detroit.
1903— Fraser (Philadelphia) vs. Chicago.
1904— Young (Boston) vs. Philadelphia.
Tannehill (Boston) vs. Chicago.
1905 — Mathewson (New York) vs. Chicago.
Henley (Philadelphia) vs. St. Louis.
Smith (Chicago) vs. Detroit.
Dineen (Boston) vs. Chicago.
1906— Eason (Brooklyn) vs. St. Louis.
Lush (Philadelphia) vs. Brooklyn.
1907— Pfeffer (Boston) vs. Cincinnati.
Maddox (Pittsburgh) vs. Brooklyn.
1908— Young (Boston) vs. New York.
Wiltse (New York) vs. Philadelphia.
Rucker (Brooklyn) vs. Boston.
ilhoades (Cleveland) vs. Boston.
Smith (Chicago) vs. Philadelphia.
Joss (Cleveland) vs. Chicago.
1910 — Joss (Cleveland) vs. Chicago.
Bender (Philadelphia) vs. Cleveland.
1911— Wood (Boston) vs. St. Louis.
Walsh (Chicago) vs. Boston.
1912— Mullin (Detroit) vs. St. Louis.
Hamilton (St. Louis) vs. Detroit.
Tesreau (New York) vs. Philadelphia.
1914 — Scott (Chicago) vs. Washington.
Benz (Chicago) vs. Cleveland.
Davis (Boston) vs. Philadelphia.
1915— Marquard (New York) vs. Brooklyn.
Lavender (Chicago) vs. New Yorfc.
1916— Foster (Boston) vs. New York.
Hughes (Boston) vs. Pittsburgh.
Leonard (Boston) vs. St. Louis.
Bush (Philadelphia) vs. Cleveland.
1917— Toney (Cincinnati) vs. Chicago.
Cicotte (Chicago) vs. St. Louis.
Koob (St. Louis) vs. Chicago.
Leonard (Boston) vs. New York.
Groom (St. Louis) vs. Chicago.
Ruth (Boston) vs. Washington.
1918 — Leonard (Boston) vs. Detroit.
SALES OF BASEBALL CLUBS.
The Boston National league baseball club
was sold by James E. Gaffney and Robert Da-
vis Jan. 8, 1915, to Percy D. Haughton and
Arthur C. Wise for $5*00,000.
The Chicago National league baseball club
(Cubs) was sold by Charles P. Taft ol Cin-
cinnati Jan. 5, 1916, to Charles H. Weeghman
and partners of Chicago for $500,000 for 90
per cent of the stock.
The St. Louis American league baseball club
(Browns) was sold by Robert Lee Hedges. Jan.
4, 1916, to Phil Ball. James W. Garneau and
Otto Stifel for $525,000.
BASEBALL THROWING RECORD.
The world's record for the long distance
throwing of a baseball was broken at Cin-
cinnati. O., Oct. 10, 1910. when Sheldon Le-
jeune of the Evansville (Ind.) club. Central
league, threw the sphere 426 feet 6*A inches.
The old record, made in Brooklyn. N. Y.. Oct.
15. 1872, by John Hatfield, was 400 feet 7%
inches, i
HIGH PRICES PAID FOR BASEBALL
PLAYERS.
1914 — Evers, Boston $25,000
1913 — Chappell, White Sox 18,000
1911— Marty O'Toole, Pittsburgh 22,500
1910— "Lefty" Russell, Athletics '.. 12.000
1910— Fred Hunter. Pittsburgh 10.000
1910— "Lena" Blackburne. White Sox. 10,000
1908— Rube Marquard, New York 11,000
1906— Spike Shannon. New York 10.000
1889— Clarkson and Kelly. Boston 20.000
CONSECUTIVE HIT RECORD.
Jack Ness, first baseman of the Oakland
(Cal.) team, established a new record in 1915
of hitting safely in forty-nine consecutive
games. His first failure was on July 22. when
Art Frqmme, pitcher of the Vernon team,
faced him. The former record was held by
Ty Cobb, who hit safely in forty consecutive
games.
RECORD FOR CONSECUTIVE VICTORIES
The mark of twenty consecutive victories set
by the Providence club of the National
league in 1884 was beaten by the New York
national league team in 1916, when it scored
twenty-six straight victories.
250
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
FOOTBALL RESULTS IN 1918.
Schedules curtailed on account of war.
Michigan.
Op.Mich.
0Ct. 5— Case 0 33
Nov. 9— Chicago 0 13
Nov. 1C— Syracuse 0 15
Nov. 23— Michigan Ags.. 6 21
Illinois.
Op. 111.
Oct. 5— Chanute F'ld. 0 3
Oct. 12— Great Lakes. 7 0
Oct. 26— Mun. Pier... 7 0
Nov. 2— Iowa 0 10
Nov. 9— Wisconsin ... 0 22
Nov. 16— Ohio State ... 0 13
Nov. 23— Chicago 0 29
Ohio State.
Op. Ohio
Oct. 5 — Ohio Western. 0 41
Oct. 12— Denison 0 34
Nov. 9— Case 0 56
Nov. 16— Illinois 13 0
Nov. 23— Wisconsin ..14 3
Chicago.
Op. Chi.
Oct. 12— Naval Res... 14 7
Nov. 2— Purdue 7 3
Nov. 9— Michigan ....13 0
Nov. 16— Northwestern.2L. 6
Nov. 23— Illinois 2lf 0
Minnesota.
Op.Minn.
Oct. 5— All-Stars .... .0 0
Oct. 12— Second Team. 0 34
Oct. 19— Aviation 0 30
Oct. 26 — St. Thomas.. 7 25
Nov. 2— Carl'n-St.Olal 6 59
Nov. 9— Iowa 6 0
Nov. 16 — Wisconsin ... 0 6
Nov 23— Mun. Pier.... 6 20
Wisconsin.
Op. Wis.
Oct. 26— Camp Grant.. 7 0
Nov. 2— Beloit 0 21
Nov. 9— Illinois 22 0
Nov. 16 — Minnesota ... 6 0
Nov. 23— Ohio State... 3 14
Nov. 28— Mich. Ags.... 6 7
Iowa.
Op. Iowa
Sept. 28— Great Lakes.. 10 0
Oct. 5— Nebraska .... 0 12
Oct. 12— Coe 0 27
Oct. 19— Cornell Col... 0 34
Nov. 2— Illinois 10 0
Nov. 9— Minnesota ... 0 6
Nov. 16— Ames 0 21
Nov. 23— Northwestern. 7 23
Northwestern.
Op. Nor.
Oct. 26— Great Lakes. 0 0
Nov. 2— Mun. Pier 25 0
Nov. 9-^Knox 7 47
Nov. 16— Chicago 6 21
Nov. 23— Iowa 23 7
Purdue.
Op. Pur.
Oct. 26— DePauw 9 7
Nov. 9— Mich. Ags 6 14
Nov. 16— Wabash 7 63
Nov. 23— Notre Dame. 26 6
Notre Dame.
Op. N. D.
Sept. 28 — Case 6 26
Nov. 2— Wabash 7 06
Nov. 9— Great Lakes. 7 7
Nov. 23— Purdue 6 26
Indiana.
Op. Ind.
Oct. 5— Ky. State 24 7
Nov. 2— Camp Taylor 7 3
Nov. 9— Ft. Harrison. 0 41
Nov. 16— DePauw 0 13
Wabash.
Op. Wab.
Nov. 2— Notre Dame. 66 7
Nov. 16— Purdue 53 7
Nov. 23— DePauw 28 6
DePauw.
Op. DeP.
Oct. 26— Purdue 7 9
Nov. 2— Franklin 12 25
Nov. 9— St. Louis 0 10
Nov. 16— Indiana 13 0
Nov. 23— Wabash 6 28
Nebraska.
Op. Neb.
Oct. 5— Iowa 12 0
Nov. 16— Kansas 0 20
Nov. 23— Camp Dodge. 23 7
Great Lakes.
Op. Gr.L.
Sept. 25— Iowa 0 10
Oct. 12— Illinois 0 7
Oct. 26— Northwestern. 0 0
Nov. 2 — Lawrence ...13 7
Nov. 9— Notre Dame.. 7 7
Nov. 16— Rutgers „ ... 14 54
Nov. 23— Annapolis ... 6 7
Camp Grant.
Op. C.G.
Oct. 26— Wisconsin ... 0 7
Nov. 9— Camp Taylor.12 0
Nov. 23— Cleveland ...14 6
Nov. 28— Mun. Pier 19 0
Municipal Pier.
Op. M.P.
Oct. 5— Knox 0 21
Oct. 12— Chicago 7 14
Oct. 26— Illinois 0 7
Nov. 2— Northwestern. 0 25
Nov. 9— Cleveland ... 0 6
Nov. 16— Camp Dodge. 0 20
Nov. 23 — Minnesota ... 6 20
Nov. 28— Camp Grant . 0 19
Dartmouth.
Op.Dart.
Oct. 19— Norwich 0 20
Nov. 2— Syracuse 34 6
Nov. 16— Middlebury . . 0 26
Nov. 23— Brown 28 0
Rutgers.
Op. Rut.
Sept. 28— Ursinus 0 66
Oct. 26— Lehigh 0 39
Nov. 9— Penn State... 3 26
Nov. 16— Great Lakes. 54 14
Swarthmore.
Op. Sw.
Oct. 26 — Ursinus 7 51
Nov. 2— Penn 18 20
Nov. 16— Delaware 0 29
Nov. 23— Penn 13 7
Syracuse.
Op. Syr.
Oct. 26— Army Trans.. 0 13
Nov. 2— Dartmouth ..6 34
Nov. 5— Brown 0 63
Harvard.
Op. Har.
Nov. 9— Tufts 0 7
Nov. 23— Boston Col... 6 14
Columbia.
Op. Col.
Nov. 2— Amherst 7 21
Nov. 9— Union 0 33
.Nov. 16— Wesleyan 0 14
Nov. 23— New York U. 0 12
Brown.
Op. Br.
Nov. 9— Syracuse ....53 0
Nov. 16— Navy Yard... 21 7
Nov. 23— Dartmouth . . 0 28
Amherst.
Op. Am.
Oct. 26— Wesleyan 5 0
Nov. 2— Columbia ...21 7
Nov. 9— Trinity 0 21
Nov. 16— Williams .... 0 20
Penn State.
Op. P.S.
Nov. 9— Lafayette ... 0 34
Nov. 16— Lehigh 6 7
Nov. 23— Swarthmore. 7 13
Lehigh.
Op. Le.
Nov. 2— Phila. Navy. 14 3
Nov. 9— Muhlenburg . 0 54
Nov. 16— Penn State... 7 6
Nov. 23— Lafayette ... 0 17
Lafayette.
Op. La.
Oct. 26— Muhlenburg. 7 0
Nov. 9— Penn State... 34 0
Nov. 23— Lehigh 17 0
Williams.
©p. Wil.
Nov. 16— Amherst 20 0
Michigan Aggies.
Op. M.A.
Oct. 5 — Albion 7 20
Oct. 12— Hillsdale 7 53
Nov. 2— Kal. Normal.. 7 16
Nov. 9— Purdue 14 6
Nov. 16— Notre Dame.. 7 13
Nov. 23— Michigan ... 21 6
Nov. 28— Wisconsin ... 7 6
Dickinson.
Op. Dick.
Oct. 26— Harrisburg' ..0 27
Navy.
Op. Navy.
Oct. 26— Newport T. S. 7 47
Nov. 2— St.Helena T.S. 0 66
Nov. 9 — Navy Op.Base 6 37
Nov. 16— Ursinus 0 127
Bowdoin.
Op. Bow.
Nov. 2— Maine 0 7
Georgia Tech.
Op. Ga.T.
Oct. 5— Clemson 0 28
Oct. 19— llth Cavalry. 0 123
Nov. 9— N. Car. A.&M. 0 128
Oklahoma.
Op. Okla.
Oct. 5— Haskell 6 19
Oct. 19 — Cent. St. Nor. 0 44
Nov. 9 — Kansas 0 33
Nov. 16— Arkansas ... 0 103
Nov. 23— Phillips 7 14
Hamilton.
Op. Ham.
Nov. 2 — Union 0 2
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
251
. HORSE RACING.
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
Belmont park. New York; distance, 1 mile.
1903— Gunfire, 1:38%; $11,080.
1904— Irish Lad, 1:40; $10,880.
1905— Sysonby and Race King. 1:41% (dead beat).
$9,230.
1906— Grapple, 1:39; $10,850.
1907— Gloriner, 1:40%; $10,570.
1908— Jack Atkln, 1:38%; $9,620.
1909— King James, 1:40; $3,875.
1910— Fashion Plate, 1:37%; $5,000.
1911-1912— No race.
1913— Whisk Broom, 1:39; $3,475.
1914— Buskin, 1:37%; $4,100.
1915— Stromboli, 1:39%; $2,325.
1916— The Finn, 1:38; $3,500.
1917— Ormesdale, 1:39%; $5,000.
1918— Trompe-La-Morte. 1:38%; $5,000.
KENTUCKY DERBY.
For 3-Year-olds, Louisville, Ky. Distance
changed in 1896 from 1% to 1% miles.
1890— Riley. llSlbs. 2:45; $5.460.
1891— Kinguinn, 1221bs. 2:52%; $4,680.
1892— Azra, 122lbs, 2:41%: $4,?30.
' 1893— Lookout. 122lbs. 2:39'/i; $4,090.
1894— Chant. 1221bs, 2:41; $4.000.
1895— Halma. I221bs, 2:37%.
1896— Ben Brush. 11 Tibs. 2:07%.
1897— Typhoon II.. 1171bs, 2:12%.
1898— Plaudit. 117Ibs. 2:09.
1899— Manuel, 1171bs, 2:12.
1900— Lieut. Gibson, 1171bs, 2:06%.
1901— His Eminence, 1171bs. 2:07%.
1902— Alan a-Dale. 1171bs. 2:08%; $6,000.
1903— Judge Himes, 1171bs, 2:09; $6,000.
1904— Elwood, 1171bs, 2:08%; $5,000.
1905— Agile, 1221bs, 2:10%; $6,000.
1906— Sir Huon. 1171bs. 2:08%; $5,000.
1907— Pink Star. 1171bs. 2:12%; $5,000.
1908— Stone Street, 117lbs, 2:16%; $6.000.
1909— Wintergreen, 1171bs. 2:08%; $5,000.
1910— Donau. 1121 tis, 2:06%; $6,000.
1911— Meri.lian. llTlbs. 2:05%: $6,000.
1912— Worth. 1171bs. 2:09%: $6.000.
1913— Donerail, 1171bs, 2:04%; $6,000.
1914— Old Rosebud, Il41bs, 2:03%: $13.350.
1915— Regret, 1121bs, 2:05%; $14,900.
1916— George Smith, 1171bs. 2:04; $9,750.
1917— Omar Khayyam. 1171bs, 2:04%; $16,60».
1918— Exterminator. 114lbs. 2:10%; $15,000.
BROOKLYN HANDICAP.
Gravesend, New York; distance, 1% miles.
1905— Delhi. 2:06%; $15,800.
1906— Tokalon, 2:05%; $15,800.
1907— Superman, 2:09; $15,800.
1908— Fair Play, 2:04%; $19,750.
1909— King James. 2:04; $3,850.
1910— Fitz Herbert, 2:05%; $6,000.
1913— Whisk Broom, 2:03%; $3,025.
1914»— Buckhorn, 2:08; $3,350.
19151— Tartar. 1:50%; $3,950.
1916t— Frinr Rock. 1:50: $5,000.
1917t— Borrow. 1:49%; $6,000.
19185— Cudgel, 1:50%; $4,850.
•Run at Belmont park, L. I. fRun at Belmont
park. L. I.; distance 1'4 miles. tRun at Aque-
duct. N. Y. ; distance 1% miles. JRun at Queens
County Jockey club track ; distance 1% miles.
ENGLISH DFRBY.
First race run at Epsom May 4, 1780. In 1784
distance was increased from 1 mile to 1% miles.
1890— Sain Foin. by Springfield, 2:49%.
1891 — Common, by Isonomy, 2:56%.
1892— Sir Hugo, by Wisdom, 2:44.
1893 — Isinglass, by Isonomy. 2:43.
1894— Ladas, by Hampton, 2:45%.
1895— Sir Vlsto. by Barcaldlne, 2:43%.
1896— Persimmon, by St. Simon. 2:42.
1897— Galtee Moore, by Kendal. 2:47.
1898— Jeddnh. by Janissary. 2:37.
1899— Flying Fox, by Ortne. 2:38%.
1900— Diamond Jubilee, by St. Simon, Z:4J.
1901— Volodyovski, by Florizel. 2:40%.
1902^Ard Patrick, by St. Florian, 2:42%.
1903— Rock Sand, by Sain Foin-Roquebrune
1904— St. Amant, br Frusquin-Loverule. 2:45%.
1905— Cicero, by Cyllene, 3:11.
1906— Spearmint, by Carbine, 2:36%.
1907— Orby, by Orme. 2:44.
1908- Signoriuetta, by Chalereux-Slgnorina, 2 :39%.
1909— Minoru, by Cyllene-Mother Siegel, 2:45%.
1910— Lemberg, by Cyllene-Galicia, 2:36%.
1911— Sunstar. by Sundridge-Norris, 2:36%.
1912— Tagalle, by Cyllene-Tagale, 2:38%.'
1913— Aboyeur, by Desmond-Pawky, 2:37%.
1914— Durbar II., by Rabelais-Armenia, 2:38.
1915*— Pommern, by Polymelus-Merry Agnes;
2:32%.
1916*— Fifinella. (Time not reported.)
1917-1918— No race.
•Run at Newmarket as substitute for regular
Derby.
GRAND PRIX DE PARIS.
First race run in 1863. Distance about 1 mile 7
furlongs, for 3 year olds. Stake. $40.000.
1901— Cherl. by St. Damien.
1902— Kizil-Kourgan.
1903— Quo Vadis.
1904— Ajar, by Flying Fox-Amie.
1905— Flnasseur.
1906— Spearmint.
1907— Sans Souci II.
1908— Northeast (value of race, $72,000).
1909— Verduu, $74,156.
1910— Nuage. $60,000.
1911— As d'Atout, $70,200.
1912— Honli, $73.000.
1913— Bruleur, $72,000.
1914— Sardanople, $60,000.
1915-1918— NO racing.
AMERICAN DERBY.
The American Derby, formerly run at the
Washington park racetrack, was renewed in 1916
at the Hawthorne racetrack, when Dodge, curry-
Ing 126 pounds and ildden by F. Murphy, woi in
2:04%. The value of the stake was $10,000, the
winner getting $6.850. The record of winners in
the American Derby, 1% miles (1% in 1916), for
3 year olds, Is as follows— year, winner, weight,
time and value of stake being given in order:
18S4— Modesty, 117; 2:42%; $10,700.
1885— Volante, 123; 2:49%; $9,570.
1886— Silver Cloud, 121; 2:37%; $8,160.
1887— C. H. Todd, 113; 2:38%: $13,690.
1888— Emperor of Norfolk. 123; 2:40%; $14.340.
1881— Spokane, 121; 2:41%; $15,440.
1890— Uncle Bob, 115%; 2:55%; $15,200.
1891— Strathmeath, 122; 2:49%; $18,610.
18»2— Carlsbad. 122; 3:04%; $16,930.
1893— Boundless, 122; 2:36; $49,500.
1894— Rey el Santa Anita. 122; 2:36; $19,750.
1895-1897— No racing.
189?— Pink Coat, 127; 2:42%; $9,425.
1899— No race.
1900— Sidney Lucas, 122; 2:40%: $9.425.
1901— Robert Waddell, 119; 2:33; $19,325.
1902— Wyeth, 123; 2:40; $20,125.
1903— The Picket, 115; 2:33; $27,275
1904— Highball, 122; 2:33; $26,325.
1905-1915 — No racing.
1916— Dodge. 126; 2:04%; $6,850.
1917-1918— No race.
BEST TROTTING RECORDS.
% mile— :27, Uhlan. Lexington, Ky.. Oct. 2. 1918.
% mile — :55%, Directum I. (paced by runner),
Syracuse, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1916; :58%, Lou Dil-
lon, at Cleveland, Sept. 17, 1904; in race, 1:01,
Major Delmar, Memphis, Oct. 23, 1903.
1 mile— 1:54%, Uhlan, Lexington. Ky.. Oct. 9.
1913 (with running mate): 1:68. Uhlan. Lexing-
ton, Ky., Oct. 8. 1912 (without wind shield);
1:58%. Lou Dillon. Memphis. Tenn.. Oct. 24.
1903 (with wind shield). By a stallion, 1:58%,
Lee Axworthy, Lexington, Ky., Oct. 7, 1916.
1 mile, yearlings— Best mile by a filly, 2:19%.
Miss Stokes. Lexington. Ky.. Sept. 17. 1909.
Best mile by a colt. 2:15%. Airdale, Lexington.
Ky., Oct. 2, 1912. race record. 2:26. Adbell.
Woodland. Cal.. Aug. 27. 1894.
1 mile. 2-year-olds— 2:04%. The Real Lady, Lex-
ington, Ky., Oct. 7, 1916. Best mile by a geld-
ing, 2:11%, Henry Todd, Lexington, Ky., Oct.
12. 1914.
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOB 1919.
1 mile, 3-year-olds— 2 :03%, Miss Bertha Dillon,
Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 18, 1917.
1 mile, 4-year-olds— 2:02, Peter Volo, Cleveland,
O., Aug. 16, and Columbus, O., Sept. 30, 1915;
by filly, 2:04%. Bertha McGuire, Toledo. O..
July 24. 1918.
1 mile, 5-year-olds— 1 :58%. Lou Dillon. Memphis,
Tenn., Oct. 24, 1903.
1 mile, fastest two-heat race— 2:0114. 2:01%, Ham-
burg Belle, North Randall, O., Aug. 25, 1909.
By a stallion, 2:02%, 2:02%. Lu Princeton, at
Hartford, Conn., Sept. 2, 1918.
1 mile, fastest three-heat race— 2:01%, 2:04%,
2:03, St. Frisco, Belmont, Pa., Aug. 16, 1918;
by filly, 2:05%; 2:03%; 2:04%. Miss Bertha
Dillon, Columbus, O.. Sept. 25, 1917.
1 mile, fastest four-heat race— 2:03% (Billy
Burke), 2:06%, 2:04%. 2:06%. Dudie Archdale.
Columbus. O.. Oct. 1. 1912.
1 mile, fastest five-heat race — 2:05%, 2:03*4,
2:04%, 2:05%, 2:09, Mabel Trask, Columbus,
O., Aug. 17. 1916. (St. Frisco won first two
heats. )
1 mile, fastest six-heat race— 2:05%, 2:04%, 2:04%,
2:06%, 2:0714, Bertha McGuire. Toledo. O.,
July 24. 1918.
1 mile, over half-mile track— 2:02%, Uhlan, Go-
shen. N. Y., Aug. 24, 1911.
Trotting to Wagon.
% mile — :56%, Uhlan (paced by runner), Cleve-
land. O., Aug. 11. 1911.
1 mile— 2:00, Lou Dillon, Memphis, Tenn., Oct.
23, 1903, and Uhlan, Cleveland, O., Aug. 8,
1911; by stallion, 2:02%, Lee Axworthy, Lex-
ington, Ky., Oct. 12, 1916; by team, 2:10%,
Boy Miller and Lucy Van, at Syracuse, N. Y.,
Sept. 11, 1918.
Teams to Pole.
1 mile — 2:03%. Uhlan and Lewis Torrent, Lexing-
ton, Ky., Oct. 11, 1912.
Trotting to High, Sulky.
1 mile— 2:05, Lou Dillon, Cleveland, O., Sept. 11.
1903: 2:07, Major Delmar, Memphis. Tenn., Oct
26, 1904 (nonball-bearins sulky); 2:08%. Maud
.S.. Glenville. 1885.
BEST PACING RECORDS.
% mile— :27%, Dan Patch, Memphis, Tenn.. Oct
27. 1903; :28. Star Pointer. Sept. 28, 1897
(against time, accompanied by a running horse).'
% mile— :56. Dan Patch. Memphis, Tenn., Oct.
27, 1903 (against time).
% mile— 1:26%. Prince Alert (with wind shield),
Empire track. New York, Sept. 23, 1903.
1 mile— 1:55, Dan Patch, St. Paul. Sept. 8, 1906
(with dust shield, a runner in front and at
one side) ; 1:56%, Directum I. (without wind
shield), Syracuse, N. Y., Sept. 15, 1915. Fastest
in competition, 1:58, by Directum I., Columbus,
O., Sept. 30, 1914.
1 mile, -yearlings— 2:20%, Belle Acton, Lyons,
Neb., Oct. 14, 1882.
1 mile. 2-year-olds— 2:07%, Directly, Galesburg,
111.. Sept.- 20, 1894.
1 mile, 3-year-olds— 2:00%, Anna Bradford, Co-
lumbus, O., Sept. 29, 1914; by colt, 2:03, Peter
Look, Lexington, Ky., Oct. 7, 1916.
1 mile, 4-year-olds— 2:00, William, Grand Rapids.
•Mich., Aug. 5, 1914; race record, 2:04%, Search-
light, Dubuque, Iowa, Aug. 23, 1898; Be Sure,
Terre Haute, Ind., Aug. 9, 1895, and Ananias,
Terre Haute, Ind., Sept. 29, 1897.
1 mile, 5-year-olds— 2:02%, Braden Direct, Hart-
ford. Conn.. Sept. 1. 1913.
1 mile, fastest two-heat race— 1:58, 2:00, Direc-
tum, Columbus. O., Sept. 30, 1914.
1 mile, fastest three-heat race — 2:02%, 2:00, 2:00.
Directum I., Syracuse, N. Y., Aug. 31, 1914.
1 mile, fastest four-heat race— 2:00%, 2:00%,
2:00%, 2:05%, Russell Boy, Lexington. Ky.,
Oct. 7, 1916. (Second heat taken by Braden
Direct, and 'third heat by Judge Ormonde.)
1 mile, fastest five-heat race — 2:01%. 2:03%,
2:01%, 2:03%, 2:04%, Evelyn W. and Earl, Jr.,
Columbus, O., Oct. 3, 1912. (Evelyn W. won
the first, third and fourth heats.)
1 mile, fastest six-heat race— 2:03%, 2:03%, 2:02%,
2:04%, 2:03%, 2:03%, Russell Boy, Columbus, O.,
Sept. 30, 1915.
1 mile, fastest seven-heat race — 2:00%, 2:02,
2:05%, 2:08%. 2:06%. 2:06%. 2:07% (first two by
Minor Hi-ir, third by The Eel, fourth by Copa
de Oro and last three by Jersey B.), Lexing-
ton, Ky.. Oct. 6. 1908.
1 mile, fastest third heat in race— 1:59%, Direc-
tum L, Lexington, Ky.. Oct. 7, 1914.
1 mile, fastest seventh heat— 2:05%. R. H. Brett,
Columbus, O., Oct. 2, 1914.
1 mile, half-mile track— 2:02, Dan Patch, Allen-
town, Pa., Sept. 21. 1905.
Pacing to Wagon.
1 mile— 1:57%, Dan Patch. Memphis, Tenn., Oct.
27, 1903; 1:59%, William, Syracuse, N. Y., Sept.
16, 1915 (amateur driving) ; best three heats in
race, 2:06%, 2:04%, 2:06%, Angus Pointer.
Memphis, Tenn., Oct. 20, 1904 (Baron Grattan
won first heat).
Teams to Pole.
% mile— :29%, Hontas Crooke and Prince Direct,
Cleveland, O., July 22. 1905.
V6 mile— 1:00%. Prince Direct and Morning Star.
Memphis. Tenn.. Oct. 21, 1904.
1 mile — 2:02, Minor Heir and George Gano, Co-
lumbus. O.. Oct. 1. 1912.
BEST RUNNING RECORDS.
% mile— :21%, Bob Wade. 4yrs. Butte. Mont..
Aug. 20, 1890.
2% furlongs— : 31%. Best Boy. 2yrs. Clifton, N. J.,
March 12, 1890.
% mile— :34, Red S., aged, I221bs, Butte, Mont..
July 22, 1896.
3% furlongs— : 39%, Supremacy, 2yrs. Juarez.
Mexico, Feb. 1. 1914.
V- mile— :46, Geraldine, 4 yrs. 1221bs, straight
course, Morris Park, Aug. 30. 1899.
% mile— :46%. Miss Nett. 2yrs. Belmont park.
May 14, 1910.
4% furlongs— 51%, Tanya, 2yrs, 1071bs. Morris
Park, straight course. May 12. 1904.
5 furlongs— :56%, Maid Marian, 4yrs, llllbs. Mor-
ris park, straight course. Oct. 9, 1894.
5% furlongs— 1:02%, Plater. 2yrs, I071bs, Morris
park, straight course, Oct. 21. 1902; 1:03%, Iron
Mask, 6yrs, 1501bs, Juarez. Mex., March 8, 1914.
6 furlongs, less 170 feet (Futurity course)— 1:08,
Kingston, aged, 1391bs, Sheepshead Bay. L. I.,
June 22, 1891.
6 furlongs— 1:08, Artful, 2yrs. ISOlbs, Morris park,
straight course, Oct. 15, 1904; 1:09%, Iron Mask.
5yrs. H51bs, Juarez, Mex., Jan. 4, 1914.
6% furlongs— 1:16%, Lady Vera. 2yrs, 901bs. Bel-
mont park, straight track, Oct. 19, 1906.
% mile — 1:22, Roseben. 5yrs, 1261bs, Belmont
park. New York, Oct. 16. 1906.
7% furlongs— l:3iy6, Restigouche, 3yrs. 1061bs. Bel-
mont park, May 29, 1908.
1 mile— 1 :34, Sun Briar, at Saratoga, N. Y., Sept.
11, 1918.
1 mile and 20 yds.— 1:39, Froglegs, 4yrs, 1071bs,
Churchill Downs, Ky.. May 13, 1913.
1 mile and 25 yds.— 1:45%. Ruperta, 3yrs, 1071bs,
Latonia, Ky., July 4, 1890.
1 mile and 50 yds. — 1:41 y5, Haviland, 6yrs, 981bs.
Washington park, July 7, 1903.
1 mile and 70 yds.— 1:42%, Jiminez, lOllbs, Har-
lem, Sept. 5. 1901; Dalvay. Syrs, 961bs. same
course, Aug. 31, 1904. and Convent Belle, 4yrs.
941bs, Seattle, Aug. 24, 1908.
1 mile and 100 yds.— 1:44%, Grand Opera, 4yrs,
771bs, Harlem, Aug. 12, 1903.
1 1-16 miles— 1:43%, Gretna Green, Fort Erie,
Ont.. Aug. 28. 1909.
1% miles— 1:50, Vox Populi, 3yrs, HOlbs, Los An-
geles, Cal., Dec. 19, 1908.
1 3-16 miles— 1:56, Cudgel, 4 yrs., 131 Ibs., at
Saratoga Springs. N. Y.. Aug. 16, 1918.
1% miles— 1:49%, Boots, 3 yrs., 127 Ibs., Aque-
duct, July 7, 1917.
1 mile and 500 yds.— 2:10%. Bend Or, 4yrs. 1151bs.
Saratoga, July 25, 1892.
1 5-16 miles— 2:09%. Ballot, 4yrs, 1261bs, Sheeps-
head Bay. July 1. 1908.
1% miles— 2:17%, Irish Lad. 4yrs, 1261bs, Sheeps-
head Bay, June 25, 1904.
1% miles— 2:30%, Goodrich, Syrs, 1021bs. Washing-
ton park, July i<5. 1898.
1% miles— 2:45, Fitz Herbert, Syrs, I221bs, Sheeps-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
253
head Bay. July 13, 1909: 2:45%. Africander. 3
yrs 1261bs, Sheepshead Bay. July 7. 1903.
1% miles— 2:57, Major Damgurneld, 4yrs, 1201bs,
Morris park. Oct. 3. 1903.
1% miles— 3:17%, Orcagna. Oakland. Gal.. March
2. 1909.
2 miles— 3:25%. Fltz Herbert. 3yrs. 1051bs. Balti-
more. Md., Nov. 8, 1909.
2% miles— 3:42, Joe Murphy. 4yrs. 991bs, Harlem,
AUK. 30. 1894.
2% miles— 3:49, Ethelbert, 4yrs, 1241bs, Brighton
Beach. Aug. 4. 1900.
2% miles— 4:24V>. Kyrat. 3yrs, 881bs. Newport,
Ky., Nov. 8. 1899.
2% miles — 4:58%. Ten Broeck, 4yrs. HOlbs, Lex-
ington, Ky., Sept. 16, 1876.
i!% miles— 4:58%, Hubbard, 4yrs, 1071bs. Saratoga,
Aug. 9. 1873.
8 miles— 5:19. Mamie Algol. 6yrs, 1051bs. City
park. New Orleans, Feb. 16, 1907.
4 miles— 7:10%, Sotemia. 1191bs. Louisville. Ky..
Oct. 7. 1912.
10 miles— 26:18. Mr. Brown, 6yrs, 1601bs, Ranco-
cas, N. J.. March 2. 1880.
Heat Racing.
% mile— :21%, :22Vi. Sleepy Dick, aged, Klowa.
Kas., Nov. 24, 1888.
% mile— :47%, :47%. Quirt, 3yrs. 1221bs, Vallejo,
Gal.. Oct. 5, 1894: :48. :48. :48. Eclipse. Jr., 4
yrs., Dallas, Tex., Nov. 1, 1890.
% mile— 1:00, 1:00, Kittle Pease, 4yrs, Dallas,
Tex.. Nov. 2, 1887.
6% furlongs— 1:09. 1:08%. 1:09. Dock Wick, 4yrs,
lOOlbs. St. Paul, Minn.. Aug. 5, 1891.
94 mile — 1:10%. 1:12%. Tom Hayes, 4yrs. 1071bs.
Mortis park, straight course, June 17. 1892;
1:13%, l:13i/J, Lizzie S., 5yrs. 1181bs. Louisville,
Ky., Sept. 28. 1883.
1 mile— 1:41%, 1:41, Guide. 4yrs. HTlbs, Washing-
ton park, July 11, 1891: 1:43, 1:44, 1:47%. L' Ar-
gentine, 6yrs. 1151bs. St. Louis. Mo., June, 1879.
1 1-16 miles— 1:50%, 1:48, Slipalong, 6yrs, 1151bs.
Washington park. Sept. 25. 18S5.
1% miles— 1:56, 1:54%, Wihat-er-Lou, 5yrs, 1191bs.
San Francisco. Feb. 18. 1899.
Hi miles— 2:10. 2:14. Glenmore. 5yrs, 144/lbs.
Sheepshead Bay, Sept. 25. 1880.
1% miles— 2:41%. 2:41. Patsy Duffy, aged. 1151bs.
Sacramento. Cal.. Sept. 17, 1884.
2 miles— 3:33. 3:31%. Miss Woodford. 4yrs. 107%
Ibs, Sheepshead Bay, Sept. 20, 1884.
3 miles— 5 :27%. 5:29%, Norfolk, 4yrs. lOOlbs. Sac-
ramento. Cal.. Sept. 23. 1865.
4 miles— 7:23%, 7:41, Ferlda, 4yrs, 1051bs, Sheeps-
head Bay. Sept. 18. 1880.
Long-Distance Riding.
10 miles— 20:02. Miss .Belle Cook, 5 horses, chang-
ing five times. Minneapolis. Minn, Sept. 10,
1882.
20 miles— 40:59, Little Cricket, changing horses
at will, Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 7, 1882.
60 miles— 1:50:03%. Carl Pugb, ten horses, chang-
ing at will, match race. San Bernardino, Cal..
July 7. 1883. Woman: 2:27:00. Miss Nellie
Burke. Galveston, Tex.. Feb. 24, 1884.
60 miles— 2:33:00, George Osbaldlston, 11 horses,
Newmarket, England, Nov. 5, 1831.
100 miles— 4:19:40, George Osbaldiston. 16 horses,
as above.
GOLF.
NATIONAL OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
On account of the war no national open golf
championship tournament took place in 1918.
Winners of event to date:
1894— Willie Dunn (New , York). St. Andrew's
links, won bv 2 up.
1895— H. Rawllns (Newport), Newport links, 173.
1896— James Foulis (Chicago), Shinnecock Hills,
152.
1897— Joe Floyd (Essex), Wheaton links, 162.
1898— Fred Herd (Washington Park). Myopia
links. 328.
1899— W. Smith (Midlothian), Baltimore links,
315.
1900— H. Vardon (Ganton, England), Wheaton
links. 313.
1901— Willie Anderson (Pittsfield. Mass.). Myopia
links. 331.
1902— Lawrence Auchterlonle (Glen View). Garden
City links. 307.
1903— Willie Anderson (Apawamis). Baltusrol
links. 307.
1904— Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Glen View.
303.
1905 — Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Myopia links,
314.
1906— Alexander Smith (Nassau). Onwentsia links.
295
1907— Alec Ross (Brae Burn). Philadelphia Cricket
club. 302.
1908— Fred McLeod (Midlothian), Myopia Hunt
club. 322.
1909— George Sargent (Hyde Manor), Englewood
(N. J.) links, 290.
1910— Alexander Smith (Wykagyl). Philadelphia
Cricket club. 298.
1911— J. J. McDermott (Atlantic City). Chicago
Golf club. 308.
19i2-^J. J. McDermott (Atlantic City), Buffalo
Country club. 294.
1913— Francis Ouimet (Woodland). Brookline Coun-
try club. 304.
1914— Walter C. Hagen (Rochester, N. Y.), Mid-
lothian Country club. 290.
1915 — Jerome D. Travers (Montclalr, N. J.)t Bal-
tusrol Country club, 297.
1916— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Minikahda,
Minneapolis. Minn., 286.
1917— J. Hutchlnson (Glen View), Whitemarsh
Valley, Philadelphia, Pa., 292.
1918— Tournament omitted on account of war.
WESTERN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Winners of western, open golf championship to
Smith (Midlothian), Glen View.
1900— No championship meet held.
1901— Lawrence Auchterlonie (Glen View), Mid-
lothian, 160.
1902— Willie Anderson (Pittsfield), Euclid, 299.
1903— Alexander Smith (Nassau), Milwaukee, 318
(72 holes).
1904— Willie Anderson (Apawamis), Kent Country
(Grand Rapids, Mich.), 304.
1905— Arthur Smith (Columbus.O.), Cincinnati, 278.
1907— Robert Simpson (Omaha), Hinsdale, 111., 307.
1908— Willie Anderson (Onwentsia), St. Louis, 299.
1909 — Willie Anderson (St. Louis), Chicago, 288.
1910 — Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Chicago,
151 (36 holes).
1911— Robert Simpson (Kenosha), Grand Rapids,
146 (36 holes).
1912— MacDonald Smith (Del Monte, Cal.), Idle-
wild, Chicago, 299.
1913— Johu J. McDermott (Atlantic City). Mem-
phis, 295.
1914 — James M. Barnes (Philadelphia), Inter-
lachen, Minneapolis, 293.
1915 — Thomas L. McNamara (Boston), Glen Oak,
Chicago. 304.
1916— Walter Hagen (Rochester, N. Y.), Blue
Mound, Milwaukee, 287.
1917— James M. Barnes (Philadelphia), West-
moreland, Chicago, 283.
1918— No tournament on account of war.
AMERICAN AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
On account of the war the annual tournament
to decide the amateur golf championship of
America was omitted in 1917 and 1918. Record
of event to date:
1894 — At Newport, R. I.— W. G. Lawrence, New-
port, medal play, 188.
1895— At Newport Golf club— C. B. Macdonald.
Chicago Golf club. won.
1896— At Shinnecock Hills Golf club— H. J. Whig-
ham. Onwentsia. won. Low score in qualify-
ing round. H. J Whigham. 163.
1807— At Chicago Golf club— H. J. Whigham. On-
wontsin. won. Low score in qualifying round,
H. J. WMeham. 177.
1S98— At Morris County, N. J.— F. S. Douglas.
Fairflelcl. won. Low score in qualifying round.
J. H. Choate. Jr.. Stockbrirtge. 175.
1899 — At Onwontsia — IT. M. Ilarriman, Meadow-
brook. won. Low score in qualifying round.
O. B. Macdonald, Chicago. 168.
254
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
1900— At Garden City— W. J. Travis. Garden City,
won. Low score in qualifying round. W. J.
Travis. 166.
1901— At Atlantic City— W. J. Travis won. Low
score in qualifying round. W. J. Travis. 157.
1902— At Glen View. 111.— L. N. James. Glen
View, won. Low score in qualifying round,
G. A. Ormiston. Pittsburgh, and W. J. Travis
tied at 79. the latter winning the playoff.
1903— At Nassau. L. I.— W. J. Travis. Garden
City. won. All match play.
1904— At Short Hills, N. J.— H. Chandler Egan.
Exmoor Country club. won. Low score in
qualifying round. H. C. Egan. 242 for 54 holes.
1905— At Wheaton. 111.— H. Chandler Egan. Ex-
moor, won. Low score in qualifying round.
Dr. D. P. Fredericks. 155 for 36 holes.
1906— At Englewood. N. J.— Eben M. Byers of
Pittsburgh won. Low score in qualifying round,
W. J. Travis. 152 for 36 holes.
1907— At Cleveland. O.— Jerome D. Travers of
Montclair, N. J., won. Low score in qualify-
ing round. W. J. Travis. 146 for 36 holes.
1908— At Garden City. N. Y.— Jerome D. Travers
of Montelair, N. J., won. Low score in qual-
ifying round. Walter J. Travis. 153 for 36 holes.
1909— At Chicago Golf club— Robert A. Gardner.
Hinsdale. won. Low score in qualifying round.
Charles Evans. Jr.. Thomas M. Sherman and
Robert A. Gardner tied with 151 for 36 holes.
Evans won the playoff.
1910— At Brookline. Mass.— W. C. Fownes. Pitts-
burgh, won. Low score in qualifying round.
Fred Herreshoff. Ekwanok. 152 for 36 holes.
1911— At Rye. .N. Y.— Harold H. Hilton. England,
won. Low score In qualifying round. Harold
H. Hilton. 150 for 36 holes.
1912— At Chicago Golf club— Jerome D. Travers
of Montclair, N. J., won. Low score in qual-
ifying round, Harold Hilton and Charles Evans,
Jr., 152; in playoff, eighteen holes, Evans won,
72 to 75.
1913— At Garden City. N. Y.— Jerome D. Travers
of Montclair, N. J.. won. Low score in qual-
ifying round. Charles Evans. Jr.. 148 for 36
holes.
1914— At Manchester. Vt.— Francis Ouimet of Bos-
ton won. Low score in qualifying round, Rae
G. Gorton and W. C. Fownes, 144 for 36 holes.
1915 — At Detroit, Mich.— Robert A. Gardner of
Chicago won. Low score in qualifying round,
Dudley Mudge of St. Paul, 152 for 36 holes.
1916— At Merlon Cricket club, Philadelphia, Pa.—
Charles Evans, Jr., Chicago, won. Low score
in qualifying round, W. C. Fownes, Jr., of
Pittsburgh, 153 for 36 holes.
1917— No contest on account of war.
1918 — No contest on account of war.
WESTERN AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
The annual western amateur golf championship
was omitted in 1918 on account of the war.
Championship record to date:
1899— David R. Forgan (Onwentsia). Glen View,
6 up.
1900— William Waller (Onwentsia), Lake Forest,
1 up.
1901— Phelps B. Hoyt (Glen View), Midlothian,
6 up.
1902— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Wheaton, 1 up.
1903— Walter E. Egan (Exmoor), Cleveland, 1 up.
1904— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Highland Park, 6
up, 5 to play.
1905 — H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Glen View, 3 up, 2
to play.
1906— D. E. Sawyer (Wheaton), Glen Echo, 5 up,
4 to play.
1907— H. C. Egan (Exmoor), Wheaton, 5 up, 4 to
play.
1908— Mason Phelps (Midlothian). Rock Island, 6
up, 5 to play.
1909— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Flossmoor
1910— Mason Phelps (Midlothian), Minikahda, 2
up, 1 to play.
1911— Albert Seckel (Riverside), Detroit, 8 up, 7
to play.
1912— Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Denver, 1
up.
1913— Warren K. Wood (Home wood), Home wood,
4 up, 3 to play.
1914 — Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Grand
Rapids, 11 up, 9 to play.
1915 — Charles Evans, Jr. (Edgewater), Cleveland,
O., 7 up, 5 to play.
1916— Heinrich Schmidt (Claremont, Oakland,
Cal.), Del Monte, Cal., 7 up, 6 to play.
1917— Francis Ouimet (Woodland), Midlothian, 1
up.
WOMEN'S NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.
No tournaments to decide the women's national
championship were held in 1917 or 1918. Cham-
pionship record to date:
1895— Beatrix Hoyt. on Meadowbrook Country
club links.
1896— Beatrix Hoyt, Morris Country club, 2 up,
1 to play.
1897— Beatrix Hoyt, Essex Country club, 5 up,
4 to play.
1898— Beatrix Hoyt, Ardsley club. 5 up. 3 to play.
1899— Ruth Underbill. Philadelphia Country club,
2 up. 1 to play.
1900— Frances Griscom, Shinnecock Hills, 6 up,
4 to play.
1901— Genevieve Hecker. Baltusrol Golf club'. 5
up, 3 to play.
1902— Genevieve Hecker. Brookline. 4 up. 3 to
Play.
1903— Bessie Anthony, Chicago Golf club, 7 up, 6
to play.
1904— Georgeanna Bishop, Philadelphia, 5 up, 3
to play.
1905 — Pauline Mackay, Oakley Country club. 1 up.
1906— Harriet S. Curtis, Brae Burn Country club,
2 up, 1 to play.
1907— Margaret Curtis. Midlothian. 7 up. 6 to
play.
1908— Catherine C. Harley, Fall River, 6 up, 5
to play.
1909 — Dorothy Campbell (North Berwick. Scot-
land). Merion Cricket club. 3 up. 1 to play.
1910— Dorothy Campbell (Hamilton. Ont.). Home-
wood Country club. 2 up. 1 to play.
1911— Margaret Curtis (Boston). Baltusrol Golf
club. 5 up. 3 to play.
1912— Margaret Curtis (Boston), Essex Country
club. 3 up, 2 to play.
1913 — Gladys Ravenscroft (Bromborough club, Eng-
land), Wilmington (Del.) Country club, 2 up.
1914— Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson. Nassau Country
club. 1 up.
1915— Mrs. C. H. Vanderbeck (Philadelphia), On-
wentsia club, 3 up, 2 to play.
1916— Miss Alexa Stirling (Atlanta, Ga.), Belmont
Springs Country club. 2 up, 1 to play.
1917— No contest on account of war.
1918 — No contest on account of war.
WOMEN'S WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIP.
Miss Elaine Rosenthal of the Ravisloe Country
club won the eighteenth annual championship of
the Women's Western Golf association on the
links of the Indian Hill club at Winnetka, 111.,
Aug. 25-31, 1918. defeating Miss Frances1 Hadfleld
of Milwaukee, Wls., 4 up and 3 to play. Winners
of the event:
1901— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View), Onwent-
sia, 3 up, 1 to play.
1902— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View), Onwent-
sia, 1 up.
1903— Miss Bessie Anthony (Glen View), Exmoor,
3 up, 2 to play.
1904— Miss Frances Everett (Exmoor), Glen View,
1 up.
1905— Mrs. Charles L. Dering (Midlothian), Home-
wood. 4 up, 2 to play.
1906— Mrs. Charles L. Dering (Midlothian), Ex-
moor, 1 up.
1907— Miss Lillian French (Windsor), Midlothian.
1 up.
190S— Mrs. W. Frances Anderson (Hinsdale), St.
Louis Country club, 3 up, 2 to play.
1909— Miss Vlda Llewellyn (LaGrange), Home-
wood, 6 up, 5 to play.
1910— Mrs. Thurston Harris (Westward Ho), Sko-
kie, 3 up, 2 to play.
1911— Miss Caroline Painter (Midlothian), Midlo-
thian, 3 up, 2 to play.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
255
1912— Miss Caroline Painter (Midlothian). Bins-
dale, 1 up.
1913— Miss Myra Helmer (Midlothian), Memphis.
5 up, 3 to play.
1914 — Mrs. Harry D. Hammond (Highland, In-
dianapolis), Hiusdale, 5 up, 3 to play.
1915— Miss Elaine Rosenthal (Ravisloe), Midlo-
thian, 4 up, 3 to play.
1916— Mrs. Frank C. Letts (Cincinnati), Kent
Country club, Grand Rapids, Mich., 4 up,
1917— Mrs^'Frank C. Letts (Indian Hill, Chi-
cago), Flossmooiv 5 up, 4 to play.
1918— Miss Elaine Rosenthal (Ravisloe, Chicago).
4 up. 3 to play.
OLYMPIC CUP.
There was no contest for the Olympic cup in
1918 on account of the war. Winners of event
to date:
1905— At Chicago, Western Pa. A., 655.
1906— At St. Louis, Western G. A., 635.
1907— At Cleveland, Metropolitan G. A., 641.
1908— At Rock Island, Western G. A., 632.
1909— At Chicago, Western G. A., 623.
1910— At Minneapolis, Western G. A., 615.
1911— At Detroit, Western G. A.. 606.
1912— At Chicago, Western G. A., 622.
1913— At Chicago, Western G. A., 628.
1914— At Grand Rapids, Chicago Dist. G. A., 628.
1915— At Cleveland, Chicago Dist. G. A., 651.
1916— At Del Monte, California G. A., 588.
1917— At Chicago, Western G. A., 655.
1918— No contest.
BRITISH AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
Year. Winner. Runner up.
1886— H. Hutchinson Henry Lamb 7 and 6
1887— H. Hutcbinson John Ball. Jr 1 hole
1888— J. Ball, Jr J. E. Laidlay 5 and 4
1889— J. E. Laidlay L. W. Balfour....2 and 1
1890— J. Ball, Jr J. E. Laidlay 4 and 3
1891— J. E. Laidlay H. H. Hilton 1 hole
1892-J. Ball, Jr H. H. Hilton 3 and 1
1893— Peter Anderson J. E. Laidlay 1 hole
1894— J. Ball, Jr S. M. Ferguson....! hole
1895— L. B. Melville J. Ball, Jr *1 hole
1896— F. G. Tait H. H. Hilton 8 and 7
1897— A. J. T. Allan J. Robb 4 and 2
1898— F. G. Tait S. M. Ferguson... 7 and 5
1899— J. Ball, Jr ....F. G. Tait *1 hole
1900— H. H. Hilton J. Robb 8 and 7
1901— H. H. Hilton J. L. Low 1 hole
1902— C. Hutchings S. H. Fry 1 up
1903— R. Maxwell H. Hutchinson.... 6 and 5
1904— W. J. Travis E. Blackwell 4 and 3
1905— A. G. Barry Hon. O. Scott. ...3 and 2
1906— James Robb C. C. Lengen 4 and 3
1907— J. Ball, Jr A. Palmer 6 and 4
1908— E. A. Lassen H. F. Taylor 7 and 6
1909— R. Maxwell C. K. Hutchinson.. 1 hole
1910— John Ball C. Aylmer 10 and 9
1911— H. H. Hilton E. A. Lassen 4 and 3
1912— John Ball H. A. Mitchell....! hole
1913— H. H. Hilton R. Harris 6 and 6
1914— J. L. C. Jenkins.. .0. L. Hezlet 3 and 2
1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918— No contest.
•After a tie.
BRITISH OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP.
1890— John Ball. Jr..* (R. L. G. C.), Prestwick,
164.
1891— H. Klrkcaldy (St. Andrew's), St. Andrew's,
166.
1892— H. H. Hilton* (R. L. G. C.). Mulrfleld, t305.
1893— W. Auchterlonle (St. Andrew's). Prestwick,
322
1894-^J. H. Taylor (Winchester), Sandwich, 325.
1895— J. H. Taylor (Winchester). St. Andrew's.
322
18'JS-l-H. Vardon (Scarborough), Muirfleld. 316.
1897— H. H. Hilton* (R. L. G. C.), Mulrfleld. 305.
1898— H. Vardon (Scarborough), Prestwick, 307.
1899— H. Vardon (Ganton), Sandwich, 310.
1900— J. H. Taylor (Richmond), St. Andrew's, 309.
1901— James Braid (Romford), Muirfleld. 309.
1902— Alex. Herd (Huddersfield), Hoylake, 307.
1903— Alex. Herd (Huddersfield).
1904— J. White (Sunningdale), Sandwich, 296.
1905— Jas. Braid (Walton Heath). St. Andrew's. 318.
1906— James Braid (Walton Heath), Muirfleld, 300.
1907— Arnaud Massey (France), Hoylake, 317.
1908— James Braid (Walton Heath). Prestwick, 291.
1909— J. H. Taylor (Mid-Surrey), Sandwich, 295.
1910— James Braid (Walton Heath), St. Andrew's,
299.
1911— H. Vardon (South Herts), Siandwich. 303.
1912— Edw. Ray (Ganton), Muirfleld, 294.
1913— J. H. Taylor (Mid-Surrey), Hoylake, 304.
1914— H. Vardon (South Herts), Prestwick. 306.
1915. 1916. 1917 and 1918— No contest.
* Amateur. fCbanged to 72 holes.
RED CROSS GOLF.
The leading- professional and amateur golf play-
ersi of the country demoted themselves to playing
exhibition games In 1918 for the benefit of the
Red Cross. These matches netted considerable
sums, the amount earned by men and women
playing under the auspices of the Western Golf
association being $303,775.52. Among, the players
taking active part were Chick Evans. Bob Jones.
Warren K. Wood, Perry Adair, Kenneth P. Ed-
wards. Jock Hutchinson. Bob MacDonald, Jim
Barnes, Walter Hagen, Elaine Rosenthal and
Alexa Stirling. The expenses were borne by the
association.
MISCELLANEOUS TOURNAMENTS (1918).
Among the winners in miscellaneous and state
golf tournaments in 1918 were the following:
East Coast (Florida) Open— Jock Hutchinson.
North and South— Walter Hagen.
North and South Amateur— Irving S. Robeson.
Pacific Northwest— H. A. Fleager.
Trans-Mississippi— G. L. Conley.
Iowa — Arthur Bartlett.
Missouri— James C. Ward.
Missouri (women) — Miss Carolyn Lee.
Nebraska— Kenneth Reed.
TENNIS.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
R. Lindley Murray of California won the
1918 championship in tennis Sept. 3. 1918. at
Forest Hills. L. I., by defeating W. T. Tilden,
Jr., of Philadelphia 6-3. 6-1. 7-5. The cham-
pionship in doubles was won by Vincent Rich-
ards of New York and W. T. Tilden. Jr., at
the Long-wood Cricket club, Boston, Augr. 17,
when they defeated Beals C. Wright and Fred
B. Alexander 6-3. 6-4, 3-6. 2-6. 6-2.
National Tennis Champions in Singles.
1881— R. D. Sears.
1882— R. D. Sears.
1883— R. D. Sears.
1884— R. D. Sears.
1885— R. D. Sears.
1886— R. D. Sears.
1887— H. W. Slocum.
1888— H. W. Slocum.
1889— H. W. Slocum.
1890— O. S. Campbell.
1891— O. S. Campbell.
1892— O. S. Campbell.
1893— R. D. Wrenn.
1894— R. D. Wrenn.
1895— F. H. Hovey.
1896— R. D. Wrenn.
1897— R. D. Wrenn.
1898— M. D. Whitman.
1899— M. D. Whitman.
1900— M. D. Whitman.
1901— W. A. Lamed.
1902— W. A. Larned.
1903— H. L. Doherty.
1904— H. Ward.
1905— B. C. Wright.
1906— W. J. Clothier.
1907— W. A. Larned.
1908— W. A. Larned.
1909— W. A. Larned.
1910— W. A. Larned.
1911— W. A. Larned.
1912— M..E. McLougrh-
1913— M..E. McLoug-h-
1914— R. N.' Williams.
1915— W. M. Johnston.
1916— R. N. Williams.
1917— R. L. Murray.
1918— R. L. Murray.
DAVIS INTERNATIONAL CUP.
The Davis international tennis challenge CUD
was taken from the United States by Australia
as the result of the games played in 1914.
Owing1 to the war there has been no contest
lor the trophy since that time. '•
Year. Winner. Score.
1900— America ...3-0
1002— America ...3-2
1903— British Isles.4-1
1904— British Isles.5-0
1905— British Isles.5-0
1000— British Isles.5-0
1907— Australasia. .3-2
Year. Winner. Score.
1908— Australasia. . 3-2
1909 — Australasia. . 5-0
1911— Australasia. . 5-0
1912— British Isles.3-2
1913— America ...3-2
1914— Australasia. .3-2
256
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
In the western tennis championship tourna-
ment played on the courts of the Chicago
Tennis club July 27-Aug. 5, 1918. the title
in singles was won by Walter T. Hayes, who
defeated Samuel Hardy in the final match
6-2, 9-7, 6-3. The doubles championship was
won by W. T. Hayes and R. H. Burdick, who
defeated Edward Oelsner and W. S. Miller
6-1, 6-1, 6-3. In the women's championships
Miss Carrie B. Neely won in the singles by
defeating: Mrs. W. S. Northup. 6-3, 6-4. The
women's doubles championship was won by
Miss Marion F. Leighton and Mrs. Dorothy
L. Field, who defeated Miss Neely and Mrs.
Northup 7-5, 4-6, 7-5.
CLAY COURT CHAMPIONSHIPS.
In the national clay court tennis tournament
held in Chicago, June 29-July 6. 1918. Wil-
liam T. Tilden, Jr., won the championship
in singles by defeating: Charles S. Garland of
Pittsburgh, Pa., 6-4, 6-4, 3-6. 6-2. The
championship in doubles was won by Gar-
land and Samuel Hardy, who defeated Walter
T. Hayes and Ralph H. Burdick 6-4, 1-6, 6-2.
7-9, 6-2. The women's championship in
singles was won by Miss Carrie B. Neely, who
defeated Mrs. Adelaide Yeager 6-4, 6-2. The
women's championship in doubles was taken
by Mrs. Ralph Field and Miss Esch, who
defeated Mrs. Yeager and Miss Neely 6-4, 4-6.
6-4.
COURT TENNIS.
Open Professional Champions.
Open professional court tennis champions
since 1871:
1871-1885 — G. Lambert, England.
1885-1890— Tom Pettit. America.
1890-1895 — C. Sanders. England.
1895-1905— Peter Latham, England.
1905-1907— C. J. Fairs. England.
1907-1908— Peter Latham, England.
1908-1912— C. J. Fairs. England.
1912-1914 — George F. Covey, England.
1914 — Jay Gould, America.
1915-1918— No contests.
INDOOR TENNIS.
Champions in Singles.
1900— J. A. Allen.
1901— Holcombe Ward.
1902— J. P. Paret.
1903— W. C. Grant.
1904— W. C. Grant.
1905— E. B. Dewhurst.
1906— W.C. Grant.
1907— T. R. Pell.
1908— W. C. Grant.
1909— T. R. Pell.
1910— G. F. Touchard.
1911— T. R. Pell.
1912— W. C. Grant.
1913— G. F. Touchard.
1914 — G. F. Touchard.
1915— G. F. Touchard.
1916— R. L. Murray.
1917— S. H. Vosheil.
1918— S. H. Vosheil.
Champions in Doubles.
1900— J. P. Paret and C. Cragin.
1901 — O. M. Bostwick and C. Cragin.
1902— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy.
1903— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy.
1904— W. C. Grant and Robert LeRoy.
1905— T. R. Pell and H. E. Allen.
1906— F. B. Alexander and H. H. Hackett.
1907— F. B. Alexander and H. H. Hackett.
1908— F. B. Alexander and H. H. Hackett.
1909— T. R. Pell and W. C. Grant.
1910— G. F. Touchard and C. R. Gardner.
1911— T. R. Pell and F. B. Alexander.
1912— T. R. Pell and F. B. Alexander.
1913— W. C. Grant and G. C. Shafer.
1914— W. C. Grant and G. C. Shafer.
1915 — G. F. Touchard and W. M. Washburn.
1916 — Dr. W. Rosenbaum and A. M. Lovibond.
1917— Dr. W. Rosenbaum and F. B. Alexander.
1918— G. O. Shafer and King Smith.
Women's Championship.
Miss Molla Bjurstedt won the national in-
door tennis championship for women at New
York, N. Y.. March 30. 1918, by defeating
Miss Eleanor Goss 3-6, 6-1, 6-4
SQUASH TENNIS.
Amateur Championship.
Fillmore Van S. Hyde of the Harvard club
won the national amateur squash tennis cham-
pionship on the Harvard club courts in New
York. N. Y., Feb. 7. 1918, when he defeated
J. Victor Onativia, also of the Harvard club,
in the final round of the event by a score of
15-8, 15-4, 15-10.
OTHER TENNIS WINNERS IN 1918.
Men.
Eastern doubles — P. D. Osborne and Wallace
Rhoads.
Pacific coast doubles — Nat' B. Browne and
Frank Winne.
Chicago singles — Walter T. Hayes.
Chicago doubles— W. T. Hayes and R. B-
Burdick.
Illinois singles — Walter T. Hayes.
Illinois doubles — W. T. Hayes and George J.
O'Connell.
Big Ten (university) singles — R. Pike, D. ol
Chicago.
Big Ten doubles— Adams and Widen, U. of
Minnesota.
Pennsylvania singles— William T. Tilden.
Women.
Women's national singles — Miss Molla Bjur-
stedt.
Chicago singles — Mrs. Malcolm MacNeill.
Chicago doubles — Miss Katherine Waldo and
Miss Carrie B. Neely.
Illinois singles — Mrs. Malcolm MacNeill.
Illinois doubles — Mrs. MacNeill and Miss
Waldo.
Eastern states singles — Miss E. R. Sears.
Eastern states doubles-r-Miss E. R. Porter
and Miss Gertrude Ostheimer.
BOWLING.
AMERICAN BOWLING CONGRESS.
Leading winners in the eighteenth annual
tournament of the American Bowling congress
held in Cincinnati, O., Feb. 16-March 10, 1918:
Five-Man Teams.
Aquillas, St. Paul 3.022
Pages, Toledo 2,961
Champion Spark Plugs, Toledo 2,908
Athearn Hotel, Oshkosh, Wis 2.892
Clausius, Chicago 2,891
Elm, Rochester, N. Y 2.885
P. J. Schmidts, Detroit 2.874
Marott Shoes, Indianapolis 2,873
Shymanski •& Sons, Louisville 2,861
Mineralites, Chicago 2,858
Two-Man Teams.
H. Steers and Fred Thoma. Chicago. . . .1,335
S. Goodman and A. Jenks, Canton, O. . . 1,287
J. Porto and M. Lindsay, New Haven.. 1,282
G. Stewart and C. Moses, .Toledo 1,267
W. Doehrman and F. Farnan, Ft. Wayne. 1,259
A. Planer and G. Inden, Milwaukee. .. .1,254
G. Fritz and J. McCormick. Toledo 1,249
M. McDowell and C. Thies, Cleveland. . .1.247
E. Anderson and B. Anderson, Chicago. .1.247
L. Pflum and W. Ott, Chicago 1,246
Singles.
C. Styles, Detroit 702
F. Reichman, Milwaukee 685
C. Wagner, Newark, N. J 680
H. Steers, Chicago 075
E. Herrman, Cleveland 673
G. Leonard, Detroit 672
J. Haytas, Cleveland 669
W. Ready, Chicag-o 608
Ed Kasch, Toledo 666
C. Shanks, Louisville 666
All Events.
H. Steers, Chicasro 1.959
J. Neuman, Peoria, 111 1,941
M. Lindsay. New Haven l.fl'21
C. Moses, Toledo 1.888
F. Farnan, Fort Wayne 1,871
C. Thies. Cleveland 1,861
E. Herrman, Cleveland 1,861
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
257
W. Ott, Chicago 1,856
William Ready, Chicago 1,854
P. Steinmiller, Syracuse 1,846
Championship Records.
Five-Man Teams.
Year. Team and city. Score.
1901— Standards, Chicago 2,720
1903— Fidelias, New York 2,792
1903— O'Learys, Chicago 2,819
1904— Ansons, Chicago 2,737
1905 — Gunthers No. 2, Chicago 2,795
1906— Centurys No. 1, Chicago 2,794
1907— Furniture Citys, Grand Rapids. . .2,775
1908— Bonds, Columbus, O 2,927
1909— Lipmans, Chicago .2,962
1910— Cosmos, Chicago 2,880
1911— Flenners, Chicago 2,924
1912— Brunswick All Stars, New York . . . 2,904
1913— Flor de Knispels, St. Paul 3,006
1914 — Monko club. New Haven 2,944
1915— Barry-Kettelers, Chicago 2.907
1916 — Commodore Barrys, Chicago 2,905
1917— Birk Brothers, Chicago 3,061
1918— Aquillas, St. Paul 3,023
Two-Man Teams.
1901— Voorhees-Starr, New York 1,203
1902— McLean-Steers. Chicago 1,237
1903 — Collins-Selbach. Columbus 1,227
1904— Kraus-Spies, Washington 1,184
1905— Stretch-Rolfe, Chicago 1,213
1906 — Hamilton-Husey. Philadelphia. . . .1,268
1907— Richter-Bigley, Louisville 1,164
1908— Kiene-Chalmers, Chicago 1,264
1909 — Schwoegler Brothers, Madison, Wis.1,304
1910— Daiker-Wetterman, Cincinnati. . . .1,231
1911— Hartley-Seiler, East Liverpool, 0.1,246
1912— Owen-Sutton, Louisville, Ky 1,259
1913— Schultz-Koster, Newark, N. J.... 1,291
1914— Negley-Van Ness, Newark 1,245
1915— Allen- Allen. Detroit 1,297
1916— Thoma-Marino, Chicago 1,297
1917— Satorius-Holzschuh, Peoria, 111... 1,346
1918— Steers-Thoma, Chicago 1,335
Singles.
1901— Frank H. Brill, Chicago 648
1902— Fred Strong, Chicago 649
1903— David A. Jones, Milwaukee 683
1904— Martin Kern, St. Louis 647
1905— C. Anderson, St. Paul 651
1906— Frank T. Favour, Oshkosh 669
1907 — M. Levey, Indianapolis 624
1908— A. Wengler, Chicago 699
1909— Larry Sutton. Rochester, N. Y....691
1910— Thomas Haley, Detroit 705
1911— J. Blouin, Chicago 681
1912— Larry Sutton. Rochester. N. Y . . . . 679
1913— F. Peterson, Columbus, 0 693
1914— William Miller, Detroit 675
1915— W. H. Pierce, Pueblo. Col 711
1916— Sam Schliman, Toronto 685
1917— Otto Kallusch, Rochester, N. Y....698
1918— C. Styles, Detroit 702
All Events (9 Games).
1901— Frank H. Brill, Chicago 1,737
1902— John Roster, New York 1,841
1903— Fred Strong, Chicago 1,896
1904— Martin Kern, St. Louis 1,804
1905— J. G. Reilly, Chicago 1,791
1906— J. T. Leacock, Indianapolis 1,794
1907— Harry Ellis, Grand Rapids 1,767
1908— R. Crabe, East Liverpool, 0 1,910
1909— James Blouin, Chicago 1,909
1910— Thomas Haley, Detroit 1,961
1911— James Smith, Buffalo 1,919
1912— P. Sutton, Louisville 1,843
1913— E. Herrman, Cleveland 1,972
1914— William Miller, Detroit 1,897
1915— Mattie Faetz, Chicago 1,876
1910— Frank Thoma, Chicago 1.919
1917— Henry Miller. Detroit 1,945
1918— H. Steers, Chicago 1.952
NATIONAL WOMEN'S BOWLING ASSOCIA-
TION.
In the annual tournament of the National
Women's Bowling association, held in Cincin-
nati, «., March 11 and 12, 1918. the leaders
in each event were:
Five-Woman Teams.
Lefflngrwell Ladies, Chicago 2,479
Eastern Market, Detroit 2,318
M. Butler, Toledo 2,310
Moerlo No. 2, Cincinnati 2,293
Bensinger W abash Ladles, Chicago 2,263
Doubles Event.
Mrs. A. Acker-Mrs. J. Reilley, Chicago . . 1,012
Mrs. T. Jonas-Mrs. R. Abraham, Milwau-
kee 1,006
Mrs. Stertz, St. Louis-Mrs. Garwood,
Cleveland 1,000
Mrs. A. Gray-Mrs. A. Jager, Toledo. . . . 995
Mrs. Z. Quinn-Mrs. G. Dornblazer, Chicago 985
Individuals.
Mrs. F. Steid, Detroit 537
Mrs. O. Kissner, Milwaukee 535
Mrs. A. Jager, Toledo 529
Mrs. G. Greenwald, Cleveland 625
Mrs. N. Schroeder, Chicago 520
The president of the association is Mrs. H.
C. Menne, St. Louis, Mo., and the secretary
Mrs. M. Kelly, Jr., St. Louis, Mo.
INTERNATIONAL BOWLING ASSOCIATION.
The International Bowling association tour-
nament of 1918 was held in Minneapolis,
Minn,. Jan. 26-Feb. 11. Event winners to
date:
Five-Man Teams.
Year. Team and city. Score.
1903— Acmes, St. Paul 2,726
1904— Capitols, St. Paul 2,694
1905— Courts, St. Paul 2.820
1906— Capitols, St. Paul 2,746
1907— Pflsters, St. Paul 2,781
1908— Anheuser-Busch, St. Paul 2,789
1909— Doris, St. Paul .'. .2,653
1910 — Chalmers-Detroits, Chicago 2,760
1911— Capitols, St. Paul 2,849
1912— Americans, St. Paul 2,905
1913— Blatz, Chicago 2,916
1914— Flor de Knispels, St. Paul 2,910
1915— Doris, St. Paul 3,014
1916— Centrals, Minneapolis 2,880
1917— Fiat, Minneapolis 2,822
1918— Schmidts, St. Paul 2,928
Two-Man Teams.
1903 — Alness-Wooley, Minneapolis 1,213
1904 — Hansen-Parker, Minneapolis 1,174
1905— Wooley-Garland, Minneapolis 1,277
1906— Gosewich-Muggley, St. Paul 1,160
1907— Listy-Ferguson, Duluth 1,196
1908— Moshofsky-Hinderer, St. Paul 1,246
1909— Yost-Miller, St. Paul 1,195
1910— Martin-Vandertunk, St. Paul 1,243
1911— Martin-Vandertunk, St. Paul 1,308
1912— Lee-De Vos, Milwaukee 1,222
1913— Klaes-Klaes, Duluth 1,221
1914— Gibson-Robler, Winnipeg 1,258
1915 — Tennyson-Newhouse, Minneapolis.'. 1,266
1916— Miller-Nystrom, St. Paul 1,201
1917— Wagner-Karlicek, Chicago 1,234
1918— Wilke- Wolfe. Minneapolis 1,309
Singles.
1903— Skorish, St. Paul 674
1904 — Alness, Minneapolis 658
1905 — Kampman, St. Paul •. . .636
1906— G. Olson, Duluth 589
1906— Werner, Winona 589
1907— Wooley, Minneapolis 617
1908— Campbell, Duluth 622
1909— Dolan, Minneapolis 636
1910 — Johnson, Minneapolis 618
1911— Con Sandblom, St. Paul.... 693
1912— F. L. Trainer, Sioux City 642
1913— Harry Steers, Chicago .654
1914— Victor Weber. Le Mars, Iowa 671
1915— H. Marino, Chicago ...... 679
191R— W. C. Fust, Minneapolis 687
1917— J. N. Deller, Dviluth 705
1918— Joe Shaw, Chicago .669
258
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO CHAMPIONSHIP RECORD.
Year. Team. Five-Man Teams. Score.
1904-5— Hottmans 2,886
1905-8— Kloempkens 2,874
1906-7— Quirk No. 1 2,890
1907-8— Eclipse 2,827
1908-9— Lederers 2,865
1909-10— Boiler Pianos -. . . .2,961
1910-11— Seng's Spring's 2,899
1911 (December)— Goodfriends 2,990
1912— El Utilas 2,960
1913— O'Learys 2,876
1914— O'Learys 2,906
1915— Nienstadts 2,957
1916— Kleker Plumbers .2,983
1917— Birk Brothers 2,938
Two-Man Teams.
1904-5— Meyer-Peterson 1,283
1905-6— Faetz-Schneider 1,221
1906-7— Woodbury-Stoike 1,246
1907-8— Ehlman- Weeks : . . . .1,240
1908-9— Peifer-Steers 1,250
1909-10— Flenner-Collier« 1,298
1910-11— Nelson-Metcalfe 1,303
1911 (December)— Blouin-Rolfe 1,312
1912— Toemmel-Kelly 1,310
1913— Meyer- Bangart 1,219
1914— Gaede-Arnhorst 1,225
1915— Hahn-Trapp 1,268
1916— Chabot-Siska 1,261
1917— Geiser-Trapp 1,236
Singles.
1904-5— George A. Rost 671
1905-6— Robert Wienold 659
1906-7— James Hartwell . .678
1907-8— Charles Nelson 684
1908-9— E. D. Peifer 659
1909-10— H. A. Walker 697
1910-11— R. Kirch 676
1911 (December)— Ned Nelson 711
1912— Joe Shaw 674
1913— Jay Thompson 673
1914— P. McGuire 676
1915— Prank Kafora • 710
1916— John Brichetto 662
1917— Chris Kaad 677
All Events.
1905— Eddie Meyer 1,845
1906— Matt Faetz 1,876
1907— D. Woodbury 1,957
1908— James Blouin 1,912
1909 — Charles Lan§rmeyer 1,892
1910— H. A. Walker 1.942
1911— Al Toemmel 1,902
1911 (December)— Ned Nelson 1,870
1912— Al Toemmel 1,843
1913— William Metcalf 1,888
1914— M. Faetz 1,892
1915— Frank Kafora 1,895
1916— Marvin Erickson 1,875
1917— Chris Kaad 1,903
Officers Chicago Bowling1 Association (1916)
— President, Frank Pasdeloup; first vice-presi-
dent, "Walter L. Trisehmann; second vice-
president, Elmer H. Baumsrarten; secretary,
J. C. Mueller; treasurer, Albert Lea. v
ILLINOIS STATE CHAMPIONSHIP.
The twenty-first annual Illinois State Bowl-
ing- association tournament took place in Chi-
cag-o April 20-May 11. 1918. The five-man
event was won by the John Bergs with a total
score of 2,915, the two-man event by Edward
Hannif ord and Patrick Mitchell with a score of
1,242, the individual event by Al Toemmel
after rolling- off a tie at 695 with C. Mathiesen
and the all-events by Al Toemmel with 1,918
points. Record of winners to date:
Five-Man Teams.
Year. Team and city. Score.
1898— Interclub league, Chicag-o 2,425
1899— Interclub league, Chicag-o 2,581
1900 — Chicag-o leag-ue, Chicago 2,574
1901 — Chicag-o league, Chicago 2,944
1902— Chicago league, Chicago 2,900
1903— South Chicago league, Chicago. . .2,875
Year. Team and city. Score.
1904 — Chicago leag-ue, Chicago 2,853
1905— W. Side Bus. Men's league, Chi. . .2,855
1906 — Bensingers, Chicago 2,882
1907 — Lake View league, Chicago 2,920
1908— Howard Majors, Chicago 2,857
1909— Lincolns No. 1, Chicago 2,960
1910 — Lipmans, Chicago 2,977
1911— Chalmers-Detroits 2,865
1912— Bruck's league, Chicago 2,884
1913 — Concordia Reds, Chicago 2,878
1914— Blatz, Chicago 2,975
1915— Chalmers, Chicago 2,893
1916— Mendels, Chicago 2,955
1917— Blouin-Brucks, Chicago 2,964
1918— John Bergs, Chicago 2,915
Two-Man Teams.
1904— O. W. Schmidt-H. Steers.. ..1,269
1905— P. Ward-D. McGuire ..1,216
1906 — C. H. Wood-F. Bartsch 1,270
1907— F. Bomer-G. Bomer 1.223
1908— Jack Hoffenkamp-H. « Glassner . . . .1,339
1909— J. J. Zust-W. P. Gomph 1,249
1910— Phil Wolf-Jack Reiliy 1,218
1911— Louis Levine-Fred Bliss 1,269
1912— Harry Ruth-Fred Collins 1.256
1913 — James Stevens-John Rosendal. .. .1,243
1914— Paul Holden-Peter Kerpen 1,273
1915— J. and F. Kartheiser 1,251
1916— Bob Wagner-Phil Wolf 1,313
1917 — Georg-e Hansen-Edward Hunolt. .. .1,209
1918— Edward Hannif ord-Pat. Mitchell. .1,242
Singles.
1898— W. B. Hanna, Chicago *172 5-6
1899— H. E. Shepard, Chicago «190
1900— W. V. Thompson, Interclub. » 197 11-12
1901— Fred Worden, Anson *201 7-9
1902— J. E. Berlin, Sheridan *201 7-9
1903— Fred Worden, Star 643
1904— Andrew Hall. Chicago . . 630
1905— R. Wienold, Monroe ..711
1906— James Foley. Union 662
1907— C. Heitschmidt. Lake View 649
1908— Dan Ward, Tosettis 687
1909— Otto A. Kupf er, Southwest 678
1910— Andrew Hall, Chicago 725
1911— Arthur Anderson, Lake View 665
1912— George Haug. Chicago 671
1913— Arthur Lutz, Berghoffs 721
1914— Al Toemmol, Planters 684
1915— H. M. Lampert. Ellis 700
1916— Chris Kaad. Hotel Planters 694
1917— Al Gaul, Jewelers 680
1918— Al Toemmel, Planters f695
•Averages.
fAfter roll-off with C. Mathiesen.
All Events.
1904— H. Steers, Chicago 1,803
1905 — Al Toemmel, Chicago 1,769
1906— D. Woodbury, Chicago 1,826
1907— August Trapp, Chicag-o 1,851
1908— Eddie Meyer, Indianapolis 1.854
1909— Sylvester A. Murray, Chicago 1,841
1910— Phil Wolf, Chicago 1,836
1911— W. V. Thompson, Chicago 1,882
1912— Fred Collins, Chicago 1,826
1913— Al Toemmel. Chicago 1,877
1914 — George Ahrbeck, Cappers 1,883
1915 — J. Danek. Flenners 1,855
1916— Jule LelingBr, Chicago 1,890
1917 — Hank Marino, Jeffersons 1,849
1918— Al Toemmel, Chicago 1,918
SKAT.
The twenty-first annual tournament of the
American Skat league was held in Milwaukee,
Wis.. June 15 and 16, 1918. Hubert Kersten
of Chicago, 111., won the first prize of $1,000,
winning- twenty-eight games and losing- two
with a score of 918 points. The second prize of
8500 was won by Julius Schmoldt of Milwau-
kee, Wis.; the third prizp by Henry Klein. Chi-
cago, 111. : fourth prize, W. H. Tuebke, Milwau-
kee, Wis.; fifth prize, Arthur C. Pick, Milwau-
kee, Wis.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919. 259
PUGILISM.
Following is a list of the most noteworthy ringr battles in the United States since 1882, the
heavyweight championship contests being the first given:
Date. Winner. Loser. Place. Hounds.
Feb. 7, 188r John L. Sullivan Paddy Ryan Mississippi City 9
July 8, 18S9 John L. Sullivan Jake Kilrain Itichburg, Miss 75
Jan. 14, 1891 Bob Fitzsimraons Jack Dempsey New Orleans, La 13
Sept. 7, 1892 James J. Corbett John L. Sullivan New Orleans, La 21
Jan. 25, 1896 James J. Corbett Charles Mitchell Jacksonville, Fla 8
Feb. 21, 1896 Bob Fitzsimmous Peter Maher Mexico 1
March 17, 1897 Bob Fitzsimmous James J, Corbett Carson City, Nev 14
June 9, 1899 James J. Jeffries Bob Fitzsimmous Coney Island, N. Y 11
Nov. 3, 1899 James J. Jeffries Thomas J. Sharkey Coney Island, N. f 25
Nov. 15, 1901 James J. Jeffries. Gus Ruhlin San Francisco, Cal 5
July 25, 1902 James J. Jeffries Bob Fitzsimmons San Francisco, Cal 8
Aug. 14, 1903 James J. Jeffries James J. Corbett San I'rancisco, Cnl 10
Aug. 26, 1904 James J. Jeffries Jack Monroe San Francisco. Cal 3
July 4, 1907 Tommy Burns Bill Squires San Francisco, Cal 1
July 17, 1907 Jack Johnson Bob Fitzsimmons Philadelphia, Pa. 2
Feb. 10, 1908 Tommy Burns Jack Palmer London, England •. 4
Dec. 26, 1908 Jack Johnson Tommy Burns Sydney, N. S. W 14
March 26, 1903 Stanley Ketchel Jack O'Brien New York, N. Y 10
July 5, 1909 Stanley Ketchel Billy Papke San Francisco, Cal 20
Sept. 9, 1909 Jack Johnson Al Kaufman San Francisco, Cal 10
Oct. 16, 1909 Jack Johnson Stanley Ketchel San Francisco, Cal 12
July 4, 1910 Jack Johnson James J. Jeffries Reno, Nev 15
Sept. 5, 1910 Al Kaufman Bill Lang Philadelphia, Pa 5
Feb. 21, 1911 Snm Langford Bill Lang London, England 6
Aug. 9. 1911 Bill Lang ...Bill Squires Sydney, N. S. W 5
Sept. 15. 1911 Jim Flynn .\ Carl Morris New York, N. Y 10
April 8, 1912 Sam Langford Sam McVey Sydney, N. S. W 20
July 4, 1912 Jack Johnson Jim Flynn Las Vegas, N. M 9
Jan. 1, 1913 Luther McCarty Al Palzer Los Angeles, Cal 18
April 16, 1913 Luther McCarty Jim Flynn Philadelphia, Pa 6
May 24, 1913 Arthur Pelkey *Luther McCarty Calgary, Man 1
Jan. 1, 1914 "Gunboat" Smith Arthur Pelkey Daly City, Cal 15
June 27, 1914 Jack Johnson Frank Moran Paris, France 20
July 16, 1914 Georges Carpentier.... "Gunboat" Smith London, England 6
April 5, 1915 Jess Wlllard Jack Johnson Marlanao, Cuba 26
March 25. 1916 Jess Willard Frank Moran New York, N. Y 10
June 4. 1917 Carl Morris .Frank Moran New York. N. Y 10
June 19, 1917 Fred Fulton Sam Langford Boston. Mass 7
July 9, 1917 Fred Fulton Jack Moran St. Louis. Mo 3
Sept. 4. 1917 Fred Fulton Carl Morris Canton. 0 6
Feb. 25. 1918 Jack Dempsey Bill Brennan Milwaukee. Wis 6
May 3, 1918 Jack Dempsey Bill Miske St. Paul. Minn 10
July 27, 1918 .Jack Dempsey Fred Fulton Harrison. N. J 1
April 30, 1901 Terry McGovern Oscar Gardner......... San Francisco. Cal 4
May 31, 1901 Terry McGovern Aurelio Herrera San Francisco, Cal 5
Nov. 28. 1901 Young Corbett Terry McGovern Hartford, Conn 2
Feb. 22.^902 Terry McGovern Dave Sullivan Louisville, Ky 15
May 23, 1902 Young Corbett Kid Broad Denver, Col 10
March 31, 1903 Young Corbett Terry McGovern San Francisco, Cal 11
July 4, 1903 George Gardner Jack Root Buffalo. N. Y 12
Nov. 25, 1903 Bob Fitzsimmons George Gardner San Francisco, Cal 20
Feb. 29, 1904 Young Corbett Dave Sullivan San Francisco, Cal 11
March 25, 1904 Jimmy Britt Young Corbett San Francisco, Cal 20
July 29, 1904 Battling Nelson Eddie Hanlon San Francisco, Cal 19
Feb. 28, 1905 Rattling Nelson Young Corbett San Francisco, Cal 9
Sept. 9. 1905 Battling Nelson Jimmy Britt Colma. Cal 18
Sept. 3, 1906 Joe Gans Battling Nelson Goldfield Nev 42
Jan. 1. 1907 Joe Gans Kid Herman Tonopah, Nev 8
July 31, 1907 Jimmy Britt Battling Nelson San Francisco, Cal 20
Sept. 9, 1907 Joe Gans Jimmy Britt San Francisco, Cal 5
Feb. 4, 1908 Rudolph Unholz Battling Nelson Los Angeles, Cal 10
April 11, 1908 Packey McFarland.... Jimmy Britt San Francisco, Cal 6
June 4, 1908 Stanley Ketchpl Billy Papke Milwaukee, Wis 10
July 4, 1908 Battling Nelson Joe Gans San Francisco, Cal 17
Sept. 7. 1908 Billy Papke Stanley Ketchel Los Angeles, Cal 12
Sept. 9, 1908 Battling Nelson Joe Gans San Francisco, Cal 21
Jan. 15, 1909 Packey McFarland... .Dick Hyland San Francisco, Cal 10
Feb. 19, 1909 Jem Driscoll Abe Attell New York, N. Y 10
Feb. 22. 1909 Johnny Summers Jimmy Britt London, England 20
May 29. 1909 Battling Nelson Dick Hyland San Francisco. Cal 23
Feb. 22. 1910 Ad Wolgast Battling Nelson San Francisco, Cal 40
Feb. 26. 1911 Johnny Coulon Frankie Conley New Orleans, La 20
July 4, 1911 Ad Wolgast Owen Moran San Francisco, Cal 13
Sept. 20. 1911 Matt Wells Abe Attell Vew York. N. Y 10
Jan. 11, 1912., Johnny Coulon George Kitson South Bend, Ind 3
Jan. 22, 1912 Johnny Coulon Harry Forbes Kenosha, Wis a
Feb. 3. 1912 Johnny Coulon Frank Conley Los Angeles, Cal 20
Feb. 14, 1912 Packey McFarland.... Eddie Murphy South Bend. Ind 10
Feb. 18, 1912 Johnny Coulon Frnnkie Burns New Orleans, La 20
Feb. 22, 1912.. Johnny Kilnnne Abe Attoll Los Angeles, Cal 20
March 15. 1912 Packey McFarlnnd Kid Burns Kenoshn, Wis 8
April 26, 1912 Packey McFarland.... Matt Wells New York, N. Y 10
JulT 4, 1912 Ad Wolgast.. ..Joe Rivers LOB Angeles, Cal £»««•
260
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Date. Winner. Loser. Place. Rounds.
Oct. 23. 1912 Billy Papke Georges Carpentier... .Paris, Prance 17
March 7, 1913 Packey McFarland Jack Britton., New York, N. Y 10
April 19, 1913 T. Murphy Ad Wolgast San Francisco. Cal 20
July 4, 1913 Willie Ritchie Joe Rivers San Francisco, Cal 11
March 12, 1914 Willie Ritchie Ad Wolgast Milwaukee, Wig 10
.April 17, 1914 Willie Ritchie Tom Murphy San Francisco, Cal 20
May 26, 1914 Charley White Willie Ritchie Milwaukee, Wis 10
June 9, 1914 Kid Williams Johnny Coulon Los Angeles, Cul 3
July 7, 1914 Freddie Welsh Willie Ritchie London, England 20
Jan. 21, 1915 Mike Gibbons Jimmy Clabby Milwaukee. Wis 10
Feb. 25, 1915 Freddie Welsh Charley White..
March 2, 1915 Mike Gibbons Eddie McGoorty.
March 11, 1915 Willie Ritchie Freddie Welsh..
Sept. 10, 1915 tJohnny Ertle Kid Williams)...
Sept. 11. 1915 tPackey McFarland... Mike Gibbons...
Feb. 7. 1916 JKid Williams Kid Herman....
April 24, 1916 Ever Hammer...
April 24, 1916 Jack Britton
Aug. 1, 1916 Johnny O'Leary.
Sept. 4, 1916 Freddie Welsh...,
Jan. 16, 1917 tRichie Mitchell..
April 19, 1917 Benny Leonard..
...Milwaukee, Wis
...Hudson, Wis
...New York. N. Y
...St. Paul, Minn
...Brighton Beach, N. X..
.."New Orleans, La
..Freddie Welsh Milwaukee, Wis.
...Ted Lewis New Orleans, La
..Ever Hammer...
..Charley White...
...Freddie Welsh...
...Richie Mitchell..
May 28, 1917 Benny Leonard Freddie Welsh...
July 25, 1917 Benny Leonard Johnny Kilbane Philadelphia, Pa,..........."..!. S
•Luther McCarty died in the ring Irom dislocation of the neck caused by a blow on the
jaw. |No decision. Winners named by majority of experts. JFigrht a draw.
. . . Boston. Mass 12
...Colorado Springs, Col 20
...Milwaukee. Wis 10
....Milwaukee, Wis 7
...New York. N. Y 9
WRESTLING.
N. A. A. A. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The contests for the National Amateur
Athletic association wrestling- championships
took place at the Chicago Athletic association
April 12 and 13. 1918. The Gary Y. M.
C. A. team won first place with 26 points
and the Great Lakes team second place with
17 points. The following took first honors
in the various classes:
108 pounds— J. F. Meagher, Gary Y. M. C. A.
115 pounds— Val Vasen. Gary Y. M. C. A..
125 pounds— Harry Hohisel, Joliet Steel Works
club.
135 pounds— Spiros Vorres, Greek Olympic
145 pounds— Al Porst. Great Lakes Naval
Training station.
158 pounds— W. H. Wicker. Great Lakes Naval
Training station.
175 pounds— Karl Kunert, Gary Y. M. C. A.
Heavyweight— Karl Kunert, Gary Y. M. C. A.
NATIONAL Y. M. C. A. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Winners in national Y. M. C. A. wrestling1
tournament in Gary. Ind.. Feb. 16. 1918:
115 pounds— Won by Russell Brower. Gary:
J. F. Meagher. Gary, second: Tom Dun-
leavy, Gary, third. Time. 3:10.
125 pounds — Won by Kalman Borsits, Gary;
H. Nasser, Michigan City, second: Ed Smith.
Gary, third. Time, 4:10.
135 pounds — Won by Spiros Vorres. Central
Y. M. C. A.. Chicago: Christ Maragranis,
Central Y. M. C. A.. Chicag-o. second: A. S.
Wilhelm, Central Y. M. C. A.. Chicago, third.
Time, 1:00.
145 pounds— Won by Alford E. Cox. Gary:
Georg-e Mitropolus, Gary, second: Harold
Cogley. Gary, third. Time. 1:58.
158 pounds — Won by George MacLennan,
Gary; Andrew Bing, Central Y. M. C. A..
Chicago, second. Time. 6:00.
175 pounds — Won by Hugo Otoupolik. Lin-
coln, Neb.; Charles J. Jones, Central Y. M.
C A • second: H. Hanney. Michigan City,
third. Time, 6:00.
Heavyweight — Won by Karl Kunert, Gary; Ed
Morris. Michigan City, second: Joe Ber-
taclinis, Michigan City, third. Time. 6:00.
HANDBALL.
WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP.
James Kelly of New York retained his title
as world's champion handball player by de-
feating Walter Hess of Cincinnati. O.. in that
city. April 27. 1918, by winning- six out of
seven matches.
ROWING.
INTERUNIVERS1TY RACES.
University Eight Oared.
In 1898 the race took place on Saratoga lake
over a three mile course; the other contests
were on the four mile course at Poughkeepsie.
June' 26. 1896— (1) Cornell. 19:59; (2) Harvard.
20:08; (3) Pennsylvania. 20:18; (4) Columbia.
21:25.
June 25. 1897— (1) Cornell. 20:34: (2) Yale. 20:44:
(3) Harvard. 21:00.
July 2. 1897— (1) Cornell. 20:47%; (2) Columbia.
21:20%; (3) Pennsylvania, swamped.
July 2, 1898— (1) Pennsylvania. 15:51%; (2) Cor-
nell. 16:06: (3) Wisconsin. 16:10: (4) Columbia.
16:21.
June 27. 1899— (1) Pennsylvania. 20:04: (2) Wis-
.consin. 20:05%; (3) Cornell. 20:13: (4) Colum-
bia. 20:20.
June 30, 1900— (1) Pennsylvania, 19:44%; (2) Wis-
consin. 19:46%: (3) Cornell. 20:04%: (4) Colum-
bia. 20:08%; (5) Georgetown. 20:19%.
July 2. 1901— (1) Cornell. 18:53%: (2) Columbia.
18:58; (3) Wisconsin. 19:06%; (4) Georgetown.
19:21; (5) Syracuse, distanced: (6) Pennsyl-
vania, distanced.
June 21. 1902— (1) Cornell. 19:05%: (2) Wisconsin,
19:13%; (3) Columbia. 19:1^.; (4) Pennsylvania.
19:26; (5) Syracuse, 19:31%; (6) Georgetown,
19:32.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 18:57: (2) Georgetown,
19:27: (3) Wisconsin. 19:29%: (4) Pennsylvania.
19:30%; (5) Syracuse. 19:36%: (6) Columbia.
19:54.
June 28. 1904— (1) Syracuse. 20:22%: (2) Cornell.
20:31%; (3) Pennsylvania. 20:32%: (4) Columbia,
20:45%; (5) Georgetown, 20:52%: (6) Wisconsin.
21:01%.
June 28. 1905— (1) Cornell, 20:29%: (2) Syracuse.
21:47%; (3) Georgetown. 21:49: (4) Columbia.
21:53%: (5) Pennsylvania. 21:59%; (6) Wiscon-
sin. 22:06%.
June 23. 1906— (1) Cornell. 19:36%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania, 19:43%: (3) Syracuse. 19:45%: (4) Wis-
consin, 20:13%: (5) Columbia. 20:18%: (6)
Georgetown. 20:35.
June 26. 1907— (1) Cornell, 20:02%; (2) Columbia.
20:04: (3) Navy. 20:13%: (4) Pennsylvania.
20:33%: (5) Wisconsin (no time): (6) George-
town (no time); (7) Syracuse (shell sunk).
June 27. 1908— (1) Syracuse. 19:34%: (2) Columbia.
19:35%: (3) Cornell. 19:39: (4) Pennsylvania.
19:52%; (5) Wisconsin. 20:00%.
July 2. 1909— (1) Cornell. 19:02: (2) Columbia.
19:04%: (3) Syracuse, 19:15%; (4) Wisconsin.
19:24%; (5) Pennsylvania. 19:32%.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 20:42%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 20:44%: (3) Columbia. 20:54%; (4) Syra-
cuse. 21:13: (5) Wisconsin. 21:15%.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
261
June 27. 1911— (1) Cornell. 20:10%; (2) Columbia.
20:16%; (3) Pennsylvania. 20:33; (4) Wisconsin.
20:34; (5) Syracuse, 21:03%.
June 29. 1912— (1) Cornell, 19:21%; (2) Wisconsin.
19:25: (3) Columbia. 19:41%; (4) Syracuse. 19:47:
(5) Pennsylvania, 19:55; (6) Stanford. 20:26.
June 21. 1913— (1) Syracuse, 19:28%: (2) Cornell.
19:31: (3) Washington. 19:33; 14) Wisconsin,
19:36; (5) Columbia. 19:38%; (6) Pennsylvania,
20:11%.
June 26. 1914— (1) Columbia. 19:37%; (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 19:41; (3) Cornell. 19:44%; (4) Syracuse.
19:59%: (6) Washington. 20:01%: (6) Wiscon-
sin. 20:20.
June 28, 1915— (1) Cornell, 20:36%; (2) Leland
Stanford, 20:37%; (3) Syracuse, 20:43%; (4)
Columbia, 21:00; (5) Pennsylvania, 21:10%.
June 17, 1916— (1) Syracuse, 20:15%; (2) Cornell.
20:22%; (3) Columbia, 20:41%, (4) Pennsylva-
nia, 20:52%.
1917 and 1918— No races on account of war.
four Oared Races.
Poughkeepsie course, two miles.
July 2. 1901— (1) Cornell. 11:39%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 11:45%; (3) Columbia. 11:51%.
June 21. 1902— (1) Cornell, 10:43%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania, 10:54%: (3) Columbia, 11:08.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 10:34; (2) Pennsylvania,
10:35%; (3) Wisconsin. 10:55%; (4) Columbia.
11:14.
June 28. 1904— (1) Cornell, 10:53%: (2) Columbia.
11:12%: (3) Pennsylvania. 11:15%: (4) Wiscon-
sin. 11:18%; (5) Georgetown. 11:34%.
June 28. 1905— (1) Syracuse. 10:15%: (2) Cornell.
10:17%; (3) Pennsylvania, 10:33%: (4) Colum-
bia, 10:45: (5) Wisconsin. 10:52.
June 28. 1906— (1) Cornell. 10:34; (2) Syracuse.
10:48%; (3) Columbia. 10:55%: (4) Pennsylvania.
June 26.' 1907— (1) Syracuse. 10:37%: (2) Cornell.
10:40: (3) Pennsylvania. 10:49; (4) Columbia.
10:59%.
June 27, 1908— (1) Syracuse. 10:52%: (2) Columbia.
11:06%: (3) Pennsylvania (disqualified for foul).
10:57%. (Cornell did not finish.)
July 2. 1909— (1) Cornell. 10:01: (2) Syracuse.
10:10; (3) Columbia. 10:12; (4) Pennsylvania.
10:27.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 11:37%: (2) Syracuse.
11:43%: (3) Columbia. 11:48%; (4) Pennsylvania.
12:22.
June 27. 1911— (1) Cornell: (2) Syracuse: (3) Co-
lumbia: (4) Pennsylvania. No official time
taken.
June 29, 1912— (1) Cornell, 10:34%; (2) Columbia.
10:41%; (3) Syracuse. 10:58%; (4) Pennsylvania.
11:23%.
June 21. 1913— (1) Cornell. 10:47%: (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 10:52%: (3) Columbia. 10:54%: (4) Wis-
consin. 10:58%: (5) Washington, 12:08%: (6)
Syracuse (no time taken).
June 26. 1914— (1) Cornell, 11:15%: (2) Columbia.
11:25%: (3) Pennsylvania. 11:33%: (4) Syracuse.
11 '50%
(Four' oared event discontinued after 1914.)
Junior Eights.
Poughkeepsie course, two miles.
June 28, 1915— ;(!) Cornell, 10:00%; (2) Pennsyl-
vania, 10:05; (3) Columbia, 10:07%.
June 17, 1916— (1) Syracuse, 11:15%; (2) Cornell,
11:20; (3) Columbia, 11:21; (4) Pennsylvania,
12:06%.
1917 and 1918— No races on account of war.
University Freshman Eights.
Pouehkeepsie course, two miles.
June 30, 1900— (1) Wisconsin, 9:45%; (2) Pennsyl-
vania. 9:54%; (3) Cornell. 9:55%: (4) Columbia,
10:08.
July 2, 1901— (1) Pennsylvania, 10:20%; (2) Cor-
nell. 10:23: (3) Columbia, 10:36%: (4) Syracuse.
10:44.
Juno 21. 1902— (1) Cornell. 9:34%; (2) Wisconsin.
9:42%; (3) Columbia. 9:49; (4) Syracuse. 9:53:
(5) Pennsylvania, 10:05.
June 26. 1903— (1) Cornell. 9:18; (2) Syracuse.
9:22%: (3) Wisconsin. 9:32: (4) Columbia. 9:41:
(5) Pennsylvania. 9:45.
June 28. 1904— (1) Syracuse. 10:01: (2) Cornell.
10:12%; (3) Pennsylvania. 10:18%: (4) Columbia.
10:28%.
June 28. 1905— (1) Cornell. 9:35%: (2) Syracuse.
9:49: (3) Columbia. 9:53: (4) Pennsylvania.
9:58%.
June 23. 1906— (1) Syracuse. 9:51%: (2) Cornell.
9:55: (3) Wisconsin. 9:55%; (4) Columbia. 10:07%:
(5) Pennsylvania. 10:13%.
June 26, 1907— (1) Wisconsin, 9:58; (2) Syracuse.
10:03; (3) Pennsylvania, 10:04: (4) Columbia.
10:05% ; (5) Cornell, 10:07%.
June 27. 1908— (1) Cornell. 9:29%; (2) Syracuse.
9:38%: (3) Columbia. 9:43; (4) Wisconsin. 9:55%:
(5) Pennsylvania. 10:42.
July 2. 1909— (1) Cornell. 9:07%; (2) Syracuse.
9:14%; (3) Pennsylvania. 9:21; (4) Wisconsin.
9:22%; (5) Columbia. 9:26.
June 26. 1910— (1) Cornell. 10:40%: (2) Columbia.
10:53%: <3) Syracuse. 10:53%: (4) Pennsylvania.
11:00%: (5) Wisconsin. 11:15%.
June 27. 1911— (1) Columbia. 10:13%: (2) Cornell.
10:20%: (3) Syracuse, 10:23%; (4) Pennsylvania.
10:24%; (5) Wisconsin. 10:38.
June 29. 1912— (1) Cornell, 9:31%: (2) Wisconsin.
9:35%; (3) Syracuse, 9:42%; (4) Pennsylvania.
9:46%; (5) Columbia, 9:47.
June 21, 1913— (1) Cornell, 10:04%; (2) Wisconsin.
10:07%; (3) Syracuse. 10:14%; (4) Pennsylvania.
10:25%; (5) Columbia. 10:29.
June 26. 1914— (1) Cornell. 10:26; (2) Syracuse.
10:50%; (3) Pennsylvania, 10:50%; (4) Columbia,
10:56%: (5) Wisconsin. 10:59.
June 28, 1915— (1) Syracuse, 9:29%; (2) Cornell.
9:43; (3) Columbia, 9:47%; (4) Pennsylvania,
10:01%.
June 19, 1916— (1) Cornell. 11:05%; (2) Syracuse,
11:15%; (3) Pennsylvania, 11:16%; (4) Colum-
bia, 11:29%.
1915-1916-1917-1918— No race on account of war.
OXFORD-CAMBRIDGE RECORD.
Course from Putney to Mortlake. London.
Year. Winner. Time.
1880 ». Oxford 21:23
1881 Oxford 21:51
1882 Oxford 20:12
1883 Oxford 21:08
1884 Cambridee 21:39
1*85 Oxford 21:36
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891 Oxford
1892 Oxford
1893 Oxford
1894 Oxford
1895 Oxford
1896 Oxford
1897 Oxford
1898 Oxford
Cambridge 22:2914
Cambridee 20:52
Cambridge 20:48
Cambridge 20:14
Oxford 22:03
21:48
.....19:21
18:47
21:39
20:60
20:01
19:12
22:15
1899 Cambridge 21:04
1900 Cambridge 18:47
1901 Oxford 22:31
1902 (March 22)... Cambridge 19:09
1903 (April 1) Cambridge 19:32%
1904 (March 25)... Cambridge 21:36
1905(Aprill) Oxford 20:35
1906 (April 7) Cambridge 19:25
1907 (March 16)... Cambridge 20:26
1908 (April 4) Cambridge 19:19
1909 (April 3) Oxford 19:50
1910 (March 23) Oxford 20:14
1911 (April 1) Oxford 18:29
1912 (April 1) Oxford 22:05
1913 (March 13) Oxford 20:53
1914 (March 28)... Cambridge 20:23
1915-1916-1917-1918— No race on account of war.
NOTE — The race of 1914 was the seventy-first
In the history of the event. The first contest
took place in 1845.
ROWING RECORDS.
Vt. Mile— *:57, single scull, straightaway, Edwin
M§ley, Newark, N. J., July 11, 1901.
% ffile— *2:08%, single scull, straightaway, Ed-
win Henley, Newark, N. J., July 11. 1893.
262
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1 mile — 1:28, single scull, straightaway, James
Stansbury, with tide, Thames river, England.
July 11, 1896; *4:48, single scull, straightaway,
Rupert Guiness, Thames river, England, 1893.
2 miles — *9:18, eight oars, straightaway, Cornell
freshmen, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., June 26, 190S.
8 miles— *14 :27%, eight oars, straightaway, Cornell
varsity. New London, Conn., June 25, 1891.
4 miles — *18:53%, straightaway, eight oars, Cor-
nell university, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 2.
1901.
'Performance by amateurs.
HARVARD-YALE RACES.
University Eights. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1876— Yale 22:02 22:33
1877— Harvard 24:36 24:44
1878— Harvard 20:44% 21:29
1879— Harvard 22:15 23:58
1880— Yale 24:27 25:09
1881— Yale 22:13 22:19
18b2— Harvard 20:47 20:50%
1883— Harvard 24:26 25:59
1884— Yale 20:31 20:46
1885— Harvard 25:15% 26:30
1886— Yale 20:41% 21:05%
1887— Yale 22:56 23:14%
18S8— Yale 20:10 21:24
1889— Yale 21:30 21:55
1890— Yale 21:29 21:40
1891— Harvard 21:23 21:57
1892— Yale 20:48 21:40
1893— Yale 25:01% 25:15
1894— Yale 22:47 24:40
1895— Yale 21:30 25:15
1899— Harvard 20:52% 21:13
1900— Yale 21:12% 21:37%
1901— Yale 23:37 23:45
1902— Yale 2«:20 20:33
1903— Yale 20:19% 20:29%
1904— Yale 21:40% 22:10
1905— Yale 22:33% 22:36
1906— Harvard 23:02 23:11
1907— Yale 21:10 21:13
1908— Harvard 24:10 *
1909— Harvard 21:50 22:10
1910— Harvard 20:46% 21:04
1911— Harvard 22:44 23:40
1912— Harvard 21:43% 22:04
1913— Harvard 21:42 22:20
1914— Yale 21:16 21:16%
1915— Yale 20:52 21:13%
1916— Harvard 20:02 20:17
1917— No racing- on account of war.
1918— Harvardt 10:58 11:04
*TIme not taken. Yale stroke oar collapsed at
end of 2% miles. tWartime substitute race on
2-mlle course on the Housatonic river near New
Haven, Conn.
Of the above races the first two were rowed on
the Springfield (Mass.) course and the remainder
(except the 1918 race) on the New London course,
which is four miles straightaway. There were
no dual races in 1896. 1897 and 1898. The Har-
vard-Yale freshman and second varsity races are
rowed at the same time and place as the eight
oared races.
Harvard-Yale Freshman Eights.
Two miles. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1901— Yale '. 10:37% 10:58
1902— Dead heat 10:13 10:13
1903— Yale 9:43% 9:48^
1904— Yale 10:20 10:20%
1905— Harvard 9:59 10:04
1906— Yale 10:39% 10:41
1907— Harvard 11:15 11:19
1908— Harvard 9:38% 9:47%
1909— Harvard 11:32 12:09
1910— Harvard 11:54% 12:02
1911— Yale 11:53 11:59%
1912— Harvard 10:52 10:54%
1913— Harvard 10:41 10:45
1914— Harvard 11:49 Ui04
1915— Yale (1% miles) 8:06 1:10
1916— Harvard 10:36% 10:89
1917 and 1918— No racing on account of war.
Harvard-Yale Second Eights.
Two miles. Loser's
Year. Winner. Time. time.
1901— Harvard 11:49% 12:02%
1902— Harvard 11:19% 11:25%
1903-Yale . 10:59% 11:10VS
1904 — Harvard 12:12 12:15
1905— Harvard 11:22 11:27
1906— Yale 12:15 12:21
1907— Yale 12:33 13:15
1808— Yale 10:33% 10:43
1909— Harvard 13:14 13:23
1910— Harvard 13:02% 13:18
1911— Harvard 13:37% 13:52
1912— Harvard 11:24 11:55
1913— Harvard 11:52 12:11
1914— Harvard 11:34 12:02
1915— Yale 10:40 10:43
1916— Harvard 10:25 10:27
1917 and 1918 — No racing on account of war.
• HARVARD VS. PRINCETON.
The Harvard university crew defeated Prince-
ton university In a race on the 1% mile course
on Carnegie lake at Princeton, N. J., April 27,
1918, by a boat length in 9:57. The Harvard
freshmen defeated the Princeton freshmen by two
lengths in 10:06.
CHILDS CUP RACE.
Pennsylvania's university eight won the Childs
cup race over the 1% mile course on Carnegie
lake at Princeton, N. J., May 4, 1918, outdis-
tancing Columbia and Princeton. No time was
announced. The Pennsylvania freshman crew de-
feated the Princeton freshmen by a length in a
race over the Henley distance of 1 5-16 miles.
No time given.
PENNSYLVANIA VS. YALE.
The University of Pennsylvania's varsity and
freshman eights defeated the Yale crews in their
annual races over the Henley course of 1 5-16
miles on the Schuylkill river at Philadelphia,
Pa., May 11, 1918. The varsity eight won by
four lengths in 6:55% and -the freshman eights
by slightly more than a length in 7:20.
PRINCETON VS. CORNELL.
Princeton's varsity eight oared shell crew de-
feated Cornell in a closely contested race over
the 1% mile course on Lake Carnegie at Prince-
ton, May 25, 1918. The time was 9:51. The Cor-
nell freshmen defeated the Princeton freshmen
by four lengths' in 10:07.
AMERICAN ROWING ASSOCIATION
REGATTA.
The American Rowing association's regatta for
1918 took place on the two-mile course on the
Severn river at Annapolis, Md., May 18, 1918.
The Naval academy eight defeated Pennsylvania
in 11:26 by one length. The Syracuse freshmen
defeated Naval academy fourth class crew in
11:49% by a bare half length. These were the
only races in the regatta.
NATIONAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The annual championship contests of the
Amateur Athletic Union of the United States
took place at the Great Lakes naval training1
station, Illinois, Sent. 20-23, 1918. In the
junior contests the Chicago Athletic associa-
tion took first place with 34 points, the
Pelham Bay naval station second with 30
points, and the Great Lakes station third with
28 points. Three new junior records were set.
R. Thompson of the I. A. C. threw the javelin
167 feet 8% inches. L. Labowitz of the Pas-
time A. C., New York, walked three miles in
23:57 and C. C. Shaug-hnessy made 440 yards
straightaway in :49. In the senior contests the
five mile run record was broken by Charles
Pores of the Pelham Bay naval training1 sta-
tion. He covered the distance in 24:36%. The
Chicagrp Athletic association won the meet with
49 points. The Great Lakes naval training"
station was second with 31 points and the Illi-
nois Athletic club third with 25.
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOR 1919.
263
Summary of Senior Contests.
1 mile run — Won by Ray, Illinois A. C.: Gor-
don, Pelham Bay, second; Stout, Carruthers
field. Fort 'Worth, third; Brown, Pelham
Bay, fourth. Time, 4:20.
Shot put— Won by Lieut. Richards, Camp Fre-
mont, 42 feet 3% inches: Brundage, Chicago
A. A., 41 feet 4J4 inches, second; Bronder,
U. S. School Military Aeronautics. 40 feet 7%
inches, third; Allman, Great Lakes, 40 feet
3 inches, fourth.
440 yard run — Won by Shaughnessy, Federal
Rendezvous ; Gustafson, Meadowbrook club,
Philadelphia, second; Hauser. Federal Rendez-
vous, Brooklyn, third; Feuerstein, Illinois A.
C., fourth. Time, :49.
100 yard dash— Won by Henke, Great Lakes;
J. Loomis, C. A. A., second; Hoskins, C. A.
A., third: Genzemuller, Meadowbrook club,
Philadelphia, fourth. Time. :10.
120 yard high hurdles — Won by Thompson.
Royal Air Force, Toronto, Canada; F. Loomis,
C. A. A., second; W. Smith, C. A. A., third;
Keidel, Great Lakes, fourth. Time. :15%.
Hammer throw — Won by McGrath, unattached.
New York, 175 feet 11% inches; Hooker.
Chicago A. A., 136 feet 2% inches, second;
Brundage. Chicago A. A., 132 feet 6% inches,
third; Benson, Chicago A. A.. 132 feet 5
Inches, fourth.
3 mile walk — Won by Remer, unattached. New
York; Zeller, Chicago A. A., second; Mer-
tens. Hillside A. C., Toronto. Canada, third;
Schultz, Ferguson A. C., Buffalo, fourth.
Time. 22:17%.
Discus throw—Won by Muller. <Jreat Lakes.
136 feet; Gilfillan, Great Lakes, 132 feet
1% inches, second; Brundage, Chicago A. A.,
129 feet 8 inches, third; Richards, Camp Fre-
mont, Cal., 125 feet 2 inches, fourth.
880 yard run — Won by Campbell, University
High, Chicago; Ray, Illinois A. C., second;
Lieut. Balestier. Royal Air Force, Toronto,
Canada, third ; Sellers, unattached. New York,
fourth. Time, 1:56%.
Javelin throw — Won by Brdnder, U. S. School
of Military Aeronautics, 169 feet 10 Mi inches;
Thompson, Illinois A. C., 168 feet 10 inches,
second: Fritts, unattached. New York, 148
feet 9% inches, third; Helium, Pastime A.
C., New York, 148 feet 4% inches, fourth.
220 yard low hurdles — Won by Frank Loomis,
C. A. A. ; Lieut. House, Camp Fremont, sec-
ond; Smith, C. A. A., third: Meanix, Camp
Zachary Taylor, fourth. Time, :24%.
220 yard dash— Won by Murchinson. Great
Lakes ; White. Salm-Crescent A. C., New York,
second: Feuerstein, I. A. C., third; Shaugh-
nessy, Federal Rendezvous, Brooklyn, fourth.
Time. :22%.
Pole Vault— Won by Buck, Chicago A. A., 12
feet 3 inches: Knourek, Great Lakes. 12 feet
1 inch, secpnd; Bean, Los Angeles, 11 feet 10
inches, third; Lieut. Harwood, Scott field,
Belleville. 111., 11 feet 8 inches, fourth.
66 pound weight— 'Won by McGrath, unat-
tached. New York, 35 feet 9 inches: Allman,
Great Lakes, 27 feet 11 inches, second: Shan-
ahan. Illinois A. C., 27 feet 10 inches, third:
Brundage, Chicago A. A., 27 feet 5 inches,
fourth.
Running broad jump — Won by Politzer, Mo-
hawk A. C.. New York, 22 feet 4 inches:
Ahern, Illinois A. C., 21 feet 10% inches, sec-
ond: Anderson, Pelham Bay, 21 feet 4 inches,
third; Hoskins, Chicago A. A., 24 feet 1%,
inches, fourth.
5 mile run — Won by Pores, Pelham Bay; John-
son, Camp Upton, second: Gillespie, unat-
tached, Chicago, third: Kochanski, Illinois A.
C.. fourth. Time 24:36% (new national rec-
ord).
440 yard hurdles — Won by Hause, Great
Lakes; Sauer, Chicago A. A., second; Traung,
Swedish-American A. C., Brooklyn, third;
Schmonn, Meadowbrook club, Philadelphia,
fourth. Time, :59.
High jump — Won by Rice. Camp Taylor, 6 feet
1 inch; Jo Loomis, Chicago A. A., 5 feet 11
inches, second: Thompson, Royal Air force,
Toronto, and Richards, Camp Fremont, Cal.,
tied for third piace (6 feet 6 inches). Thomp-
son won jump-off for third place.
Hop. step and jump — Won by Ahearn, Illinois
A. C., 46 feet 2% inches: Overbee, Chicago
A. A., 43 feet 9 inches, second; Landers, Chi-
cago A. A., 43 feet 6 inches, third: Hoskins,
Chicago A. A.. 43 feet 5% inches, fourth.
ALL AROUND CHAMPIONSHIP.
A very Brundage of the Chicago Athletis as-
sociation won the all around athletic champion-
ship of America at the Great Lakes naval
training station, Illinois. Sept. 23, 1918, with a
total of 6,708.50. J. Helium of the Pastime
A. C., New York, was second with 6,409.00
points and E. J. Thompson. Royal Air Force,
Toronto, third with 6.152.00.
Record of Champions and Points.
1884— W. R. Thompson, Montreal 5.304
1885— M. W. Ford. New York 6.045
18S6— M. W. Ford, New York 5,899
1887— A. A. Jordan, New York 5,236
1888— M. W. Ford, New York 5,161
1889— A. A. Jordan, New York 6.520
1890-rA. A. Jordan, New York 6,358
1891— A. A. Jordan, New York 6.189
1892— H. W. Goff. New York 5.232
1893-r^E. W. Goff, New York 4.860
1894-^E. W. Goff, New York 5.748
1895— J. Cosgrave, Albany 4,406%
1896— L. P. Sheldon, Yale 5.380
1897— E. H. Clark, Boston 6,244%
1898— E. C. White. New York 5,243
1899— J. F. Powers, Worcester 6,203
1900— Harry Gill. Toronto 6,360%
1901— A. B. Gunn, Buffalo 5.739
1902— A. B. Gunn, Buffalo 6,260%
1903— E. H. Clark. Boston 6.318V4
1904— Thomas F. Kieley, Ireland 6,086
1905— Martin J. Sheridan. New York 6,820%
1906— Thomas F. Kieley, Ireland 6,274
1907— Martin J. Sheridan. New York 7,130%
1908— J. L. Bredemns. Princeton 5,809
1909— Martin J. Bheridan, New York.. 7,385
1910— F. C. Thompson, Los Angeles 6,991
1911— F. C. Thompson, Los Angeles 6.709
1912— James Thorpe, Carlisle 7,476
1913— F. C. Thompson, Los Angeles 7,411 %
1914 — A very Brundage, Chicago 6,999
1SJ5— Alma W. Richards, Chicago* 6,858.8
1916— A very Brundage, Chicago.... 6,468%
1917— Harry Goelitz. Chicago 5,702
1918— A very Brundage, Chicago 6,708%
•In decathlon, San Francisco exposition.
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The Central A. A. U. track and field cham-
pionships for 1918 were decided on the Belle
Isle athletic field at Detroit, Mich., Sept. 14.
1918. The Great Lakes naval training sta-
tion took first place with 91 points and the
Illinois Athletic association was second with
75. The event winners were:
100 yard dash— Ward, Great Lakes. Time, :10.
(New American grass track record.)
220 yard dash— Ward. Great Lakes. Time. :22%.
440 yard dash— "Feuerstein, I. A. C. Time,
:53%. (NeV American grass tra;k record.)
880 yard run — Campbell, Chicago University
High. Time, 1 :59. (New world's grass track
record.)
1 mile run— Ray, I. A. C. Time, 4 :42%.
5 mile run— Kochanski. I. A. C. Time 29:02.
3 mile walk— Aylsworth, D. N. T. S. Time.
27:57.
120 yard hurdles— Leffler. Great Lakes. Time.
:16%.
220 yard low hurdles— Leffler, Great Lakes.
Time, :28.
440 yard high hurdles — Hause, Great Lakes,
Time. 1:02%.
Pole vault— Reich. Y. M. O. Height, 11 feet
11 inches.
Running high jump— Ahearn, I. A. C. Height,
5 feet 9 inches.
Running broad jump — Ahearn, I. A. C. Dis-
tance, 22 feet % inch.
264
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sunning1 hop, step and jump — Ahearn, I. A. C.
Distance, 42 feet 4% inches.
16 pound shotput — Bentz, Great Lakes. Dis-
tance. 40 feet 11% inches.
16 pound hammer throw — Shanahan, I. A. C.
Distance, 132 feet 10% inches.
56 pound weight throw — Shanahan, I. A. C.
Distance, 31 feet 2 inches.
Throwing- the javelin — Thompson, I. A. C. Dis-
tance, 152 feet 1% inches.
Throwing1 discus — Miller. Great Lakes. Dis-
tance, 132 feet 4% inches.
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAM-
PIONSHIPS.
Franklin field, Philadelphia. Pa., June 1, 1918.
100 yard dash — W. H. Ganzemuller, Penn State;
:10%.
220 yard dash — C. Haymond, Pennsylvania;
:21%.
440 yard run— F. J. Shea, Pittsburgh: :47%.
880 yard run— C. Shaw. Columbia; 1:56%.
1 mile run — W. G. Kleinspahn, Lafayette : 4 :24.
2 mile run— I. C. Dresser, Cornell: 9:42%.
120 yard higrh hurdles — C. R. Erdman, Prince-
ton; :15%.
220 yard low hurdles — C. R. Erdman. Prince-
ton; :24%.
High jump— M. Firor, Johns Hopkins; 5 feet
11% inches.
Broad jump— R. K. Felter, Cornell; 22 ieet 6
inches.
Pole vault — Roy Easterly. Pittsburgh, and J. Z.
Jordan. Dartmouth, tied: 12 feet 3 inches.
16 pound shotput — W. C. Beers, Dartmouth; 45
feet 1% inches.
Hammer throw-pJ. B. Sutherland, Pittsburgh;
152 feet 7% inches.
In points Cornell was the winner with 47,
Pittsburg-h was second with 30 and Dartmouth
third with 26.
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE RECORDS.
Made in annual championship meets.
100 yard dash— :09%, B. J. Wefers, George-
town, 1896: R. C. Craig-, Michigan, 1911, and
J. E. Patterson, Pennsylvania, 1913.
220 yard dash— :21%. R. C. Craig, Michigan,
1910 and 1911, and Don Lippincott, Penn-
sylvania, 1913.
440 yard run— :47%. J. E. Meredith, Pennsyl-
vania, 1916.
880 yard run— 1:53, J. E. Meredith, Pennsyl-
vania. 1916.
1 mile run— 4:14%, J. P. Jones, Cornell, 1913
(world's amateur record) .
2 mile run— 9 :23%, J. S. Hoffmire, Cornell. 1914.
120 yard high hurdles— :15, F. S. Murray, Le-
•land Stanford, Jr., 1916.
220 yard hurdles— :23%, A. C. Kraenzlein, Penn-
sylvania, 1898. and J. Wendell, Wesleyan,
1913.
High jump — 6 feet 4% inches, W. M. Oler, Yale,
1915.
Broad jump — 24 feet 4% inches, A. C. Kraenz-
lein, Pennsylvania, 1899.
Pole vault — 13 feet 1 inch. Robert Gardner,
Yale, 1912 (world's record).
16 pound hammer — 165 feet % inch, H. P.
Bailey, Maine, 1915.
16 pound shot — 48 feet 10% inches, R. L. Beat-
ty, Columbia, 1912.
1 mile walk— 6:45%, W. B. Fetterman, Jr.,
Pennsylvania, 1898.
WESTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPION-
SHIPS.
Stagg Held, Chicago, June 8. 1918.
100 yard dash— H. P. Drew. Drake: :10.
220 yard dash— H. P. Drew, Drake, :22%.
440 yard run — H. N. Barlow, Missouri; :52%.
880 yard run — L. Hauser, Minnesota: 1:59%.
1 mile run — Harry McCosh, Chicago: 4:29%.
2 mile run — S. W. Sedgwick, Michigan: 9:51.
120 yard high hurdles— Carl Johnson, Michi-
gan: :15%.
220 yard low hurdles — Carl Johnson, Michigan;
:24%.
Running high jump-^J. F. Osborn, Missouri; 5
ieet 11% inches.
Running broad jump — C. E. Johnson, Michigan;
23 feet 11% inches.
Pole vault— A. G. Gross, Michigan; 12 feet.
Discus throw— Earl Gilflllan. Notre Dame; 135
feet 6% inches.
Shotput— Earl Gilfillan; 40 feet 8% inches.
Javelin throw, free style — K. Wilson, Illinois;
177 feet 1V4 inches.
Hammer throw — O. F. Jordan, Purdue: 134
feet 1 inch.
Mile relay— Wisconsin; 3:29%.
Grenade throw — Illinois and Michigan tied; 61
hits each.
Mile naval relay — 7th regiment: 3:14%.
In points Michigan was first with 37%; Illi-
nois second, 26: Missouri third. 24: Chicago
fpurth, 18; Wisconsin fifth. 13%; Minnesota
sixth, 12%; Drake seventh, 12; Notre Dame
eighth, 11; Purdue ninth, 10; Northwestern
and Depauw tied for tenth, 6 each.
WESTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE RECORDS.
Made in annual championship meets.
100 yard dash— :09%, Blair, Chicago, 1903; W.
W. May. Illinois, 1907 and 1908. and Ward.
Chicago, 1915.
220 yard dash— :21%, Hahn. Michigan, 1903;
Ward, Chicago. 1915, and Smith, Wisconsin.
1918.
440 yard run — :47%, Dismond, Chicago, 1916.
880 yard run— 1:53%, Campbell, Chicago, 1915.
and Scott, Mississippi Aggies, 1916.
1 mile run— 4:15%, Fall, Oberlin, 1917.
2 mile run— 9:29%. Stout. Chicago, 1916.
120 yard high hurdles — :14%, Simpson, Mis-
souri. 1916.
220 yard low hurdles— :23%, Simpson, Missouri,
1916.
Running high jump— 6 feet 1% inches, Wahl,
Wisconsin, 1914.
Running broad jump — 23 feet 11% inches,
Johnson, Michigan, 1918.
Pole yault— 12 feet 8% inches, J. Gold, Wis-
consin, 1913.
16 pound hammer — 160 ieet 4 inches, K. Shat-
tuck, California, 1913.
16 pound shot — 17 feet % inch. Rose, Michi-
gan, 1904.
Discus throw — 155 ieet 2 inches. Mucks, Wis-
consin, 1916.
Javelin throw — 194 ieet 11 inches, Higgins, Chi-
cago, 1917.
1 mile relay— 3 :21%. Chicago, 1915.
INDOOR CHAMPIONSHIPS.
National.
The National Amateur Athletic union's an-
nual senior indoor track and field cham-
pionship tournament was held in the 22d regi-
ment armory in New York city, March 16,
1918. The University of Pennsylvania was
first in points with 12, the 1st Naval district
of Boston second with 9 and Cornell third with
8. Summary of winners:
5 mile run — Won by Charles Pores, Millrose A.
A., New York. Time, 25:28%.
1,000 yard run— Won by Joie Ray. Illinois A.
C., Chicago. Time, 2:14.
60 yard dash, final heat — Won by William
Ganzemueller, Penn State college. Time, :06%.
16 pound shotput— -Won by D. C. Sinclair,
Princeton university, with 42 feet 10% inches.
2 mile run — Won by Edward J. Garvey. Jr..
Paulist A. C., New York. Time, 9:40.
300 yard run, final heat — Won by Sherman G.
Landers, University of Pennsylvania. Time.
. OO2£
Standing high jump — Won by Leo Goehring,
Mohawk A. C., New York, with 5 ieet.
Central A. A. U.
The Central A. A. U. indoor championship
meet of 1918 took place in the drill hall of the
Great Lakes naval training station, near North
Chicago. 111.. April 6, and was won by the Chi-
cago Athletic association with a total of 38
points. The other teams finished as follows:
Great Lakes. 32: Illinois A. C.. 23; University
of Chicago, 13: Notre Dame university, 5: Chi-
cago Turners. 5. and University High, 5. Sum-
mary of winners:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
265
100 yard dash — Hoskins, Great Lakes. Time,
:10%. In the second heat Andy Ward, Great
Lakes, made a new Central A. A. U record of
:10.
440 yard run — Feuerstein, U. of C. Time, :51
(new Central A. A. U. record).
120 yard high hurdles — Frank Loomis, C. A. A.
Time, :15 (new Central A. A. U. record).
880 yard run — Campbell, University High.
Time, 1:57% (new Central A. A. U. record).
120 yard low hurdles — Frank Loomis. C. A. A.
Time, :13% (new Central A. A. U. and
world's record).
1 mile run— Bay, I. A. C. Time, 4:20 (new
Central A. A. U. record).
2 mile run— Bay, I. A. C. Time, 9:46.
1 mile open relay— U. of C. Time, 3:31%.
Shotput— Allman, Great Lakes. Distance, 40
feet 1V6 inches.
Running1 high jump— Siebert, Chicago Turners.
Height. 5 feet 10% inches.
Pole vault — Knourek, Great Lakes. Height, 11
feet 9 inches.
Western Conference.
The University of Michigan won the eighth
annual indoor conference meet in Patton gym-
nasium at the Northwestern university March
23. 1918, with a total of 42 points. The other
contestants finished in the following order:
Chicago. 22: Wisconsin, 16: Illinois, 10: Min-
nesota, 7; Northwestern, 6: Indiana. 4: Pur-
due, 3. Carl Johnson of Michigan tied the rec-
ord of :05% in the 50 yard dash and also the
mark of :07% in the 60 yard high hurdles.
The winners in the various events were:
50 yard dash — Johnson, Michigan. Time, :05%.
1 mile run— Otis, Chicago. Time, 4:30%.
2 mile run— Otis. Chicago. Time, 10:03%.
% mile run — Hauser, Minnesota. Time. 2:03%.
60 yard high hurdles — Johnson, Michigan.
Time, :07%.
440 yard run — Feuerstein, Chicago. Time, :52%.
Running high jump— Johnson, Michigan.
Height, 5 feet 10 inches.
Bhotput — Baker, Michigan. Distance, 39 feet
8% inches.
Pole vault — Cross, Michigan. Height, 11 feet
6 inches.
1 mile i-elay— Chicago. Time, 3:36%.
New Indoor Record for 3-4 Mile.
In a special race in Madison Square Garden,
New York city, March 20, 1918, Joie Bay of
the Illinois Athletic club, Chicago, ran % of a
mile in 3:04%, setting a new world's indoor
record for that distance. The former mark,
3:07, was made by Joe Driscoll in 1913. The
outdoor record is 3:02%, made by Tommy
Cunlifle in 1895.
FRANKLIN FIELD RELAY RACES.
The national championship relay races for
colleges and high schools were run on Franklin
field. Philadelphia, Pa., April 26-27. 1918, with
the fpllowing results:
American college championship, distance med-
ley relay race (first man ran quarter mile,
second man half mile, third man three-quar-
ters mile, last man one mile) — Won by Chi-
cago. Time. 11 :05.
American college championship, sprint medley
relay race (first and second men each ran
220 yards, third man 440 yards, fourth man
880 yards)— Won by Pittsburgh. Time, 3 :47%.
Medley relay race, army and navy, distance
same as medley sprint relay — Won by Camp
Dix. Time. 3:42%.
% mile light marching order relay race — Won
by Charleston Naval Training station. Time,
1:40.
1 mile college relay, championship of America
— Won by University of Pittsburgh. Time,
o :^vtJ 75 .
2 mile college relay, championship of America
— Won by Massachusetts Tech.; Chicago
university, second. Time, 8:19%.
4 mile college relay, championship of America
—Won by Iowa State college; Columbia, sec-
ond. Time, 18:53%.
1 mile high schools— Won by Baltimore Poly-
technic. Time. 3:35%.
1 mile army and navy relay — Won by Camp
Dix. Time. 3:31%.
Other Events.
High jump — Won by Rice, Kansas, 5 feet 11%
inches.
Pole vault — Won by Myers, Dartmouth, 13 feet.
Javelin throw — Won by Emery, Pennsylvania
State. 153 feet 3 inches.
Broad jump — Won by Johnson, Michigan, 22
feet 9% inches.
Shotput— Won by Sinclair, Princeton, 43 ieet
9% inches.
120 yard hurdles— Won by Erdman, Princeton.
Time, :15%.
100 yard dash — Won by Scholz, Missouri. Time,
:10.
Discus throw— Won By Sutherland, Pittsburgh.
132 feet 11 inches.
Pentathlon— Won by William Bartels, University
of Pennsylvania.
UNIVERSITY RELAYS AT URBANA.
In the annual track carnival of the University
of Illinois at Urbana, March 2, 1918, the uni-
versity relay races were won by teams from the
University of Chicago. The all around cham-
pionship was won by Earl Gilfillan of Notre
Dame with 4.976 points. Lang of Illinois was
second with 4.896 points. Summaries of uni-
versity relay races:
1 mile — Won by Chicago (Curtis, Kennedy, An-
nan, Feuerstein) ; Illinois, second (Kreidler,
Gardiner, Carroll, Emery) ; Wisconsin, third
(Malicker, Ramsey, Nash, Wolfere). Time,
3:30%.
2 miles — Won by Chicago (Greene, Lewis, Mc-
Cosh. Otis) : Michigan, second (Sedgwick.
Donnelly, Forbes, Stoll) : Wisconsin, third
(Nash, Ramsey. Dennis, Golden). Time. 8:21.
4 miles — Won by Chicago (Lewis, McCosh.
Moore. Otis) ; Ames, second (Cromer, Haw-
thorne, Beed, Stone) : Wisconsin, third (Mey-
ers, Elsom, Crum, Golden). Time, 19:00%.
LONG DISTANCE RUNNING.
Following were the results of the more im-
portant marathon (26 miles 385 yards) and
other long distance foot races in 1918. Date,
place, distance, winner and time are given in
order :
April 7— Chicago. 111.; 15 miles; Chuck Mellor;
l:29:26ys.
May 4— New York, N. Y.; 12% miles: Villar
Kyronen; 1:10:20.
July 4 — Chicago, 111.; 14 miles; N George Han-
kel; 1:22:30,
Sept. 8 — Chicago. 111.; 14 miles; George Han-
kel: 1:23:33.
Sept. 29^Chicago. 111.: 26 miles 385 yards;
Henry G. Dobler; 3:16:05.
OLYMPIAN RECORDS. >
Olympian records to date are as follows:
60 meter run— :07, A. C. Kraenzlein, Archie Ilahn,
W. Hogenson (1904).
100 moter run— :10%, S. F. Lipplncott (1912).
200 meter run— :21%, Archie Hahn (1904).
400 meter run— :48, James E. Meredith (1912).
1,500 meter run— 3:56%, A. S. Jackson (1912).
SOO meter run— 1:51 9-10, James E. Meredith (1912).
2,500 meter steeplechase — 7:34, G. W. Orton.
4,000 meter steeplechase— 12:58%, C. Reinmer,
England.
Marathon race, 25 miles— 2:36:54%, K. K. Me-
Arthur (1912).
1,600 meter relay— 3:16%, America (1912).
110 meter hurdle race— :15. F. C. SmiUison (1908).
200 meter hurdle race— :24%, II. Hillman (1904).
400 meter hurdle race — :55, C. J. Bacon (1908).
Running hieh jump — 6 feet 4 inches. Alma W.
Richards (1912).
Running broad Jump— 24 feet 11% Inches. L. Giit-
terson (1912).
Standing high jump— 5 feet 4 inches, Platt Adams
(1912).
Standing broad jump— 11 feet 4% Inches. Ray C.
Ewry (1904).
Standing triple jump— 36 feet 1 Inch. Petei
I O'Connor (1906).
266
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pole vault— 12 feet 11 inches, Harry S. Babcock
(1912).
Running hop, skip and jump — 48 feet 1U4 inches,
Ahearne, Engla»d (1908).
Putting 16-pound shot— 50 feet 4 inches. P. J. Mc-
Donald (1912).
Throwing 16-pound hammer — 180 feet 5 inches, M.
J. McGrath (1912).
Throwing discus (Greek style) — 148 feet 1% inches,
A. R. Taipale (1912).
Throwing javelin (free style)— 199 feet 11% inches,
E. V. Lemming (1912).
Throwing javelin (middle)— 179 feet 10% inches.
E. V. Lemming (1908).
It was announced April 10, 1916, by Baron
Pierre de Coubertin, president of the Interna-
tional Olympian games committee, that no Olym-
pian games would be held until after the close
of the European war.
WORLD'S ATHLETIC RECORDS.
100 yard dash— :09%, R. E. Walker.*
150 yard dash— :14, Jack Donaldson.
180 yard dash— :17%. R. E. Walker.*
220 yard dash— :20%, Arthur Robinson.*
300 yard run— :29%, Jack Donaldson.
440 yard run— :47, M. W. Long.*
880 yard run— 1:52%, James E. Meredith.*
1 mile run— 4:12%, N. S. Taber.f
2 mile run— 9:09%, A. Slirubb.
4 mile run— 19:23%, A. Shrubb.
5 mile run— 24:18, H. Kohlemainen.*
2 mile walk— 13:37. George II. Goulding.*
Marathon— 2:29 :39M>. H- Kohlemainen.
50 mile run— 6:13:58, E. W. Lloyd.
100 mile run— 13:26:30, C. Rowell.
120 yard high hurdles— : 14%. R. Simpson.*
i'20 yard low hurdles— :23%, A. C. Kraenzlein.*
High jump— 6 ft. 7 5-16 in., Edward Beeson.*
Broad jump— 24 ft. 11% in., P. O'Connor.
Standing broad jump— 11 ft. 6 in., Ray C. Ewry.*
Pole vault— 13 ft. 2^4 in.. Marc S. Wright.*
Throwing 16 Ib. hammer— 189 ft. 3 in.. Pat Ryan.
Putting 8 Ib. shot— 67 ft., 7 in., Ralph Rose.*
Putting 12 Ib. shot— 55 ft. 11% in., Ralph Rose.*
•Putting 14 Ib. shot— 53 ft. 4 in., Ralph Rose.*
Putting 16 Ib. shot— 54 ft. 4 in., Ralph Rose.*
Putting 18 Ib. shot— 46 ft. 2% in., P. J. McDon-
ald,*
Putting 21 Ib. shot— 40 ft. 3% in., Ralph Rose.*
Putting 24 Ib. shot— 39 ft. % in., Ralph Rose.*
Throwing discus— 155 ft. 8 in., Arlie Mucks.*
•Amateur.
tMade in Harvard stadium July 16, 1915. Old
record was 4: :12%, made by W. C. George, pro-
fessional, in 1886.
YACHTING.
THE AMERICA'S CUP.
Record of Races.
1851— Aug. 22. In this, the year of the great exhi-
bition in London, the Royal Yacht Club of Eng-
land offered a cup to the winner of a yacht
race around the Isle of Wight. The course
was 60 miles in length. The race was won by the
schooner yacht America, designed by George
Steers for John C. Stevens of the New YorU
Yacht club. The America was 94 feet over all.
88 feet on the water line, 22% feet beam and
11% feet draft. There was no time allowance
and the competing yachts ranged in size from
a three-masted 392-ton schooner, the Brilliant,
to the 47-ton cutter the Aurora, which came
in sec9nd in the race. The time of the Amer-
ica was 10 hours and 34 minutes: that of the
Aurora was 24 minutes slower. The cup after
that became known as the America's cup and
has now been successfully defended for sixty-
eight years.
1870— Aug. 8. New York Yacht club course;
Magic. 3:58:21; Cambria. 4:37:38.
1871— Oct. 16, New York Yacht club course: Co-
lumbia, 6:19:41; Livonia, 6:46:45. Oct. 18, 20
miles to windward off Sandy Hook and return:
Columbia, 3:07:41%: Livonia. 3:18:15%. Colum-
bia disabled in third race Oct. 19. Oct. 21, 20
miles to windward off Sandy Hook and return:
Sappho. 5:39:02: Livonia, 6:09:23. Oct. 23. New
York Yarht club course: Sappho. 4:16:17; Li-
vonia, 5:11:55.
1876— Aug. 11, New York Yacht club course:
Madeleine, 5:23:54; Countess of Dufferin, 5:34:53,
Aug. 12, 20 miles to windward off Sandy Hook
and return: Madeleine, 7:18:46; Countess of
Dufferin. 7:46:00.
1881— Nov. 9, New York Yacht club course: Ittls-
chief. 4:17:00; Atalanta. 4:45:3914. Nov. 10, 16
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook and return;
Mischief, 4:54:53; Atalanta, 5:33:47.
1885— Sept. 14, New York Yacht club courset
Puritan. 6:06:05; Genesta, 6:22:24. Sept. 16, 20
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook light and re-
turn: Puritan, 5:03:14; Genesta, 5:04:52.
1886— Sept. 9, New York Yacht club course: May-
flower, 5:26:41; Galatea, 5:38:43. Sept. 11, 20
miles to leeward off Sandy Hook light and re-
turn: Mayflower, 6:49:10: Galatea. 7:18:09.
1887— Sept. 27, New York Yacht club course: Vol-
unteer. 4:53:18: Thistle. 5:12:41%. Sept. 30, 20
miles to windward off Scotland light and re-
turn: Volunteer. 5:42:56i/i; Thistle. 5:54:45.
1893— Oct. 7. 15 miles to windward off Sandy
Hook light and return: Vigilant, 4:05:47: Val-
kyrie, 4:11:35. Oct. 9. triangular 30-mile course,
first leg to windward: Vigilant, 3:25:01; Val-
kyrie. 3:35:36. Oct. 13, 15 miles to windward off
Sandy Hook light and return: Vigilant, 3:24:39;
Valkyrie, 3:25:19.
1895 — Sept. 7, 15 miles to windward and return,
east by south off Point Seabright, N. J. : De-
fender, 4:57:55: Valkyrie III., 5:08:44. Sept. 11.
triangular course. 10 miles to each leg: Val-
kyrie III., 3:55:09; Defender, 3:55:56; won by
Defender on a foul. Sept. 13 Defender sailed
over the course and claimed cup and race;
claim allowed.
1899— Oct. 16, 15 miles to windward and return,
off Sandy Hook: Columbia, 4:53:53; Shamrock,
5:04:07. Oct. 17, triangular course, 10 miles to
a leg: Columbia, 3:37:00; Shamrock snapped its
topmast. Oct. '20, 15 miles to leeward and re-
turn: Columbia, 3:38:09; Shamrock, 3:43:26.
1901— Sept. 28, 15 miles to windward and return,
off Sandy Hook: Columbia. 4:30:24; Shamrock
II., 4:31:44. Oct. 3, triangular course: Colum-
bia, 3:12:35; Shamrock II., 3:16:10. Oct. 4. 15
miles to leeward and return; Columbia. 4:32:57;
Shamrock II., 4:33:38.
1903— Aug. 22. 15 miles to leeward and return, oft
Sandy Hook: Reliance, 3:31:17: Shamrock III..
3:41:17. Aug. 25. triangular course, 10 miles to
leg: Reliance, 3:14:54; Shamrock III., 3:18:10.
Sept. 3, 15 miles to windward and return: Re-
liance, 4:28:04; Shamrock III. did not finish.
Owing mainly to a disagreement as to the
proper size of the competing yachts no races
were arranged after 1903 until 1913, when an
agreement was reached between the New York
Yacht club and the Royal Ulster club to hold a
race in 1914. Sir Thomas Lipton sent over the
Shamrock IV. as challenger for the cup, but the
great war in Europe put a stop to all further
proceedings.
THE LIPTON CUP.
Record of Winners.
1902— La Rita, Chicago.
1903— La Rita, Chicago.
1904— Ste.Claire, Detroit.
1905— Ste.Claire, Detroit.
1906— Cherry Circle,
Chicago.
1907— Cherry Circle,
1909— Spray, Chicago.
1910— Spray, Chicago.
1911— Columbia, Chicago.
1912— Susan II., Chicago.
1913— Susan II., Chicago.
1914, 1915. 1916, no race.
1917— Mebleh. Cleveland.
1918— No race.
Chicago.
1908— Chicago, Chicago,
THE LIPTON TROPHY.
Record of Winners.
Winner. Time.
1910— Valmore ....3:24:10
1911— Valmore ....2:35:28
1912— Michicago... 2:45:05
Winner.
1913— Polaris
Time.
..1:45:50
1914— Valiant ....1:49:03
1915-1918— No races.
SIR JOHN NUTTING CUP.
Record of Winners.
1906— Pequod.
1907— Pequod.
1908— No race.
1909— Sand Dab.
1910 — Invader.
1911— Invader.
1912— Invader.
1913 — No race.
1914 — No race.
1915 — Banshee.
1916— Hnnshee.
1917-1918— No races.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
267
MACKINAC CUP RACE.
The Chicago Yacht club suspended racing in 1917
and 1918 on account of war so as to g,ive all as-
sistance possible to the United States navy de-
partment. The annual long distance race to
Mackinuc island and the tristate Lake Michigan
race therefore did not occur. Winners of the
Mackinac race to date:
1904— Vencedor.
1905— Mistral.
1906— Vanadis.
1907— Vencedor.
1908— Valmore.
1909— Valmore.
1910— Valmore.
»To Petoskey. Mich.
The best record to Mackinac island, 28:21:51 for
the 331 miles, was made by the Mavourneen in
1911.
TRISTATE RACE WINNERS.
1911 — Mavourneen.
1912— Polaris.
1913— Olympian.*
1914— Olympian.
1915— Leda.
j91fa— intrepid.
1917-1918— No races.
1912— Miohicago.
1913— Michieago.
1914— No race.
1915 — Josephine.
1916 — Ahmeek.
1917-1918— No races.
MICHIGAN CITY RACES.
The twenty-seventh annual Michigan City race
of the Columbia Yacht club was sailed June
22, 1918, and was won 'by L. J. Lamden's sloop
Invader. Following is a summary of the con-
tests iu the various classes:
23 Foot Class. Corrected
Name. Finish. Time.
Diamond 3:01:19 3:52:03
Pilot 3:14:47 4:18:10
50 Foot B. Sloops.
Wizard 3:15:11 4:31:03
Problem 3:32:08 4:49:06
S5 Foot Class — Sloops.
Mavourneen 2:41:43 4:00:37
Naniwa 3:00:13 4:18:42
Larikin 3:09:32 4:26:16
51 Foot Raceabout.
Invader 2:38:58 3:29:54
Schooners.
Sallie .2:22:50 4:12:50
SO Foot A Class.
Valkyrie 3:56:46 5:02:44
STRATFORD CUP.
The annual contest for the Stratford cup took
place June 23, 1918, the course being from Michi-
gan City to Chicago. It was won by M. L. East-
man's Mavourneen, the elapsed time of which
was 11 hours 8 minutes. In 1917 the Invader was
the winner, 6:52:47, elapsed time.
INDEPENDENCE DAY RACES.
The sloop Larikin. owned by D. W. Mac-
D9nald. won the leading feature in the Lake
Michigan Yachting1 association's annual Inde-
pendence day races off Chicago. July 4. 1918.
Following: is a summary of the events:
25 Foot Sloops. Elapsed
Name. Start. Finish. time.
Diamond 2:05 4:19:32 2:14:32
Seminole 2:05 4:25:43 2:20:43
Pilot 2:05 Disabled.
Pequod 2:05 Did not finish.
21 Foot Raceabouts and R Class.
Invader 2:15 4:12:36 1:57:36
Sari 2:15 4:22:12 2:07:22
Rival 2:15 4:22:44 2:09:44
SO Foot A Sloops.
Ste. Claire 2:20 4:23:05 2:03:05
Mildred II 2:20 4:28:31 2:08:31
Valkyrie 2:20 4:50:46 2:30:46
21 Foot Cabin Class.
Edith II 2:25 4:32:48 2:07:48
Cherry 2:25 4:33:40 2:08:40
35 Foot Sloops.
Larikin 2:30 4:19:10 1:49:10
Leda 2:30 4:41:45 2:11:45
Prairie 2:30 4:44:25 2:14:25
Mavourneen 2:30 Disabled.
Redskin, 2:30 Disqualified.
SKATING.
M'LEAN VS. MATHISEN.
Bobby McLean of Chicago and Oscar
Mathisen of Norway skated for the cham-
pionship of the world in Chicago Jan. 6 and
7, 1918. The races resulted as follows:
220 yards— Won by McLean. Time. 20%.
1 mile— Won by McLean. Time. 2:56%.
2 miles — Won by McLean. Time, 5:44%.
440 yards — Won by McLean. Time. :37%.
3 miles — Won by McLean. Time, 9:00.
% mile — Won by Maihisen. Time, 1:19.
Meet in St. Paul.
McLean and Mathisen met again in six races
at the Hippodrome in St. Paul, Minn.. Jan. 27
and Jan. 29. with the following results:
220 yard dash— Won by McLean. Time. :20.
1 mile— Won by Mathisen. Time. 2:40.
2 miles— Won by McLean. Time. 5:38%.
440 yards— Won by McLean. Time. :38.
% mile — Won by Mathisen. Time, 1:17.
3 miles— Won by Mathisen. Time, 9:37 (Mc-
Lean, disabled, did not compete).
• MATHISEN VS. BAPTIE.
Oscar Mathisen and Norval Baptie. profes-
sionals, were pitted against each other in three
skating- races at the Hippodrome, St. Paul,
Minn., Jan. 22. 1918. with the following re-
sults:
% mile— Won by Mathisen. Time. l:21'/2.
220 yard dash— Won by Baptie. Time. :20.
3 miles— Won by Mathisen. Time. 9:12%.
(Forfeited by Baptie on account of fall.)
BAPTIE VS. LAMY.
Norval Baptie and Edmund Lamy, profes-
sionals, met in a series of skating races at the
White City rink, Chicago, March 17 and 18.
1918, with the following results:
440 yards— Won by Baptie. Time, :38%.
1 mile— Won by Baptie. Time. 2:55%.
500 meters (1,640 ft. 5 in.)— Won by Baptie.
Time, :52%.
% mile— Won by Baptie. Time. :53%.
STAFF VS. LAMY.
Arthur Staff, holder of the international
amateur skating championship, and Edward
Lamy of Saranac Lakei met in a series of
races in Pittsburgh, Pa., March 22 and 23
with the following results:
% mile— Won by Staff. Time. :39%.
1 mile— Won by Staff. Time. 2:58%.
2 miles — Won by Lamy. Time. 6:10.
220 yards— Won by Staff. Time, :20.
880 yards— Won by Staff. Time, 1:25%.
3 miles— Won by Staff. Time, 9:17.
STAFF VS. BAPTIE.
Art Staff and Norval Baptie met in a series
of races for the indoor professional skating
championship in Chicago March 29 and 30,
1918. with the following results:
440 yards— Race a tie. Time, :39.
440 yards (approximately) — Won by Staff.
Time, :37.
1 mile— Won by Staff. Time, 3:05%.
Vi mile— Won by Baptie. Time, 1:23%.
% mile— Won by Baptie. Time, :39.
2 miles — Won by Baptie. Time. 5:45%.
Staff was injured in the first of three races.
the %, l/6 and 2 mile contests on March 30,
and could not continue. He was also forced
to withdraw from the three races scheduled
for March 31 and Baptie was consequently
declared winner of the series.
M'LEAN VS. EDMUND LAMY.
Bobby McLean of Chicago and Edmund
Lamy of Saranac Lake. N. Y., skated for the
professional championship of the world at
Saranac Lake, Feb. 7-8, 1918. with the fol-
lowing results:
220 yards— Won by McLean. Time. :20.
1 mile— Won by McLean. Time. 2:52%.
2 miles— Won by Lamy. Time, 6:15.
% mile— Won by McLean. Time. 1:20%.
440 yards— Won by McLean. Time. :40%.
3 miles — Won by McLean. Time. 9:00.
268
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
RECORD BROKEN BY McLEAN.
Robert McLean lowered the world's rec-
ord lor % mile to 1 :15 on the Lake Placid
club's quarter mile track at Lake Placid. N.
Y., Feb. 16, 1918. The former record of
1:15% was made by John S. Johnson in 1896.
McLean also skated 100 yards in :09 7-10.
one-tenth of a second below Johnson's pro-
fessional record, made in 1893. and one-tenth
of a second slower than Morris Wood's ama-
teur record of 1903.
NEW RECORDS BY MATHISEN.
Oscar Mathisen without a pacemaker and
from a standing: start made three world's rec-
ords for indoor rinks at Superior, Wis.. Feb.
17, 1918. He skated one-half mile in 1:12%,
a mile in 2:32%, and three miles in 8:18y6.
The skating* was made on a true course meas-
ured by a city surveying- crew.
FRANKLIN SKATING DERBY.
The first annual skating- Derby of the Frank-
lin Skating- and Athletic club took place in
Humboldt park, Chicago. Jan. 13. 1918. The
feature event was th< two-mile handicap,
which was won by SigiuJ ("Brick") Larsen
of the Norwegian Turners. Starting- from
scratch he came in first in 6:21. The class
A one-mile race was won by Roy McWhirter
of the Illinois Athletic club in 3:26%. The
one-mile class B race was won by Olsen of I
the Norwegian Turners in 3:44%. The Nor-
wegian Turners won the meet with 21 points,
to 20 for the Northwest Skating- club and 11
lor the Franklin Skating- club.
LIGHTNING SKATING DERBY.
The first annual skating- Derby of the Light-
ning- Athletic club was held in Humboldt park,
Chicago, Jan. 20, 1918. and was won by the
Norwegian Turners with 27 points to 20
points for the Franklin Skating- and Athletic
club. The other organizations represented
made from 1 to 6 points each. Harry Nelson
of the Norwegian Turners was the star of the
meet, winning- the feature event, a two-mile
handicap, in 6:26%. He had an allowance of
250 yards.
NORWEGIAN TURNERS' TOURNEY.
The Norwegian Turners won their own an-
nual skating tourney at Humboldt park Feb.
23 with a total of 23 points. The Lightning
Athletic club was second with 8 points and
the Northwest Sportsmen's club third with 6.
Sigurd Larsen of the Turners was the star of
the meet, taking- the two-mile handicap race
and the one-mile race for class A skaters. In
the two-mile race, the feature event of the
day, Larsen started from scratch and came
in winner in 6:11%. He won the class A mile
race in 3:12%.
SLEIPNER SKATING DERBY.
The twenty-second annual skating- Derby of
the Sleipner Athletic club at Humboldt park.
Chicago, Jan. 1, 1918, was won by the Frank-
lin Skating- and Athletic club with a total of
21 points. The Norwegian Turners were sec-
ond with 13 points and the Northwest Sports-
men's club third with 10 points. The one-
mile relay race, which was the feature of the
day, was won by the Northwest club in
3:10%, giving- it permanent possession of the
Daniel Herlihy trophy.
SILVER SKATES DERBY.
Sigurd ("Brick") Larsen of the Norwegian
Turners won the second annual Silver Skates
Derby at Humboldt park, Feb. 10, 1918. He
made the distance of two miles in 8:57%,
though the ice was soft and in poor condi-
tion. Charley Fisher was second in 9 flat.
NORTHWEST S. C. DERBY.
The Northwest Sportsmen's club won the
twenty-seventh annual ice skating- Derby given
tinder its own auspices at Humboldt park.
Feb. 17, 1918. The Washington Park Skat-
ting- club of Milwaukee was second with 13
points and the Norwegian Turners third with
9 points. Art Staff was the star of the meet,
winning- the one-mile class A race and the
three-quarter-mile race. The ic« was in poor
condition.
TRAP SHOOTING.
GRAND AMERICAN HANDICAP.
The nineteenth annual Grand American han-
dicap shoot at inanimate targets took place on
the grounds of the South Shore Country club.
Chicago, Aug. 3-9, 1918. The grand handicap
was won by John D. Henry of Elkhart. Ind..
after a shootoff with H. J. Pendergast of
Phoenix, N. Y. Each made 97 in the general
competition. In the shootoff Henry made 18
and Pendergast 17. Henry shot from the 16-
yard mark and his opponent from the 2xi-yard
mark.
Winners of other events decided at or in
connection with the meeting- were:
South Shore Introductory — H. J. Pendergast,
Phoenix, N. Y. : 198 out of 200.
Professional championship — Homer Clark, Al-
ton. 111.; 194 out of 200.
Chicago Overture— A. R. Chezik, Portal,
N. D.; 99 out of 100.
National amateur championship at double
targets— F. M. Troeh. Vancouver, Wash.; 90
out of 100.
National amateur championship at single
targets— W. H. Heer, Guthrie, Okla.; 98 out of
100.
Leg on Columbus (Ga.) board of trade tro-
phy— Mark Arie, Thomasboro, 111.; 562 out oi
600.
Preliminary handicap — E. J. Buck. Daven-
port, la.; 96 out of 100.
Consolation handicap — Ralph B. Rosensteil,
Freeport, 111.: 96 out of 100.
Women's trophy — Mrs. H. Almert, Chicago;
89 out of 100.
Year. Winner. Score.
Year. Winner. Score.
1900— R. O. Heikes. 91
1910— R. Thompson... 100
1901— E. C. Griffith. 95
1911— Harvey Dlxon.. 99
1902— C. W. Flovd.. 94 1912— W. E. Phillips. 96
1903— M. Diefenderf 94 1913— M. S. Hootman 97
1904— R. D. Guptill. 96 1914 — W. Henderson.. 98
1905— R. R. Barber. 99 1915— Louis B. Clarke 96
1906— S. E. Rogers.. 94
1916— J. F. Wulf 99
1907— J. J. Blanks.. 96
1917— Chas. H. Larson.98
1908— F. Harlow 92
1918— J. D. Henry 97
1909— Fred Shattuck 96
Tom Marshall won the Grand American handi-
cap in 1897-1899 at Eldwood Park. N. J.
WESTERN HANDICAP.
Year. Winner. Score.
Year. Winner. Score.
1906— W. R. Crosby. 97
1913— C. A. Gunning. 1T>0
1907— T. E. Graham. 99
1914— F. Schwalhe.... 99
1908— B. F. Elbert... 96
1915— W. J. Raup 97
1909— F. H. Bailey.. 97
1916— E. J. Gibbs.... 92
1910— .T. R. Dicker.. 96
1917— M. H. McDaniel.97
1911— William Ridlev 99
1918— No contest.
1912— F. Campbell... 94
NATIONAL AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP.
The thirteenth annual trap shooting tour-
nament for the amateur championship of
America took place May 4, 1918, at the
Travers island traps of the New York ath-
letic club. The championship was won by
Fred Blum of Atlantic City by a score of 197
targets out of a possible 200. Leon H. Davis
of Boston was second with 196. Champions
since 1912:
Year. Winner. Score.
Year. Winner. Score.
1912— B. M. Higgins.,185
1916— R. L. Spotts...l96
1913— C. H. Newcomb.179
1917— C. H. Newcomb.191
1914— Ralph L. Spotts.188
1918— Fred Blum 197
1915— Geo. L. Lyon...l92
EASTERN HANDICAP.
Year. Winner. Score.
Year. Winner. Score.
1906— H. McMurchey. 93
1913— G. M. Ho well.. 95
1907— R. H. Bowser.. 93
1914— F. S. Wright... 97
1908— G. L. Lvon 91
1915 — No contest.
1909—H. E. Smith.... 98
1916— C. B. Platt.... 97
1910— C. H. Newcomb 97
1917— K. B. Noble 97
1911— H. L. David.... 96
1918— No contest.
1912— O. D. Henline.. 96
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
269
SOUTHERN HANDICAP.
Winners of Southern handicap to date:
Tear. Winner. Score.
1906— C. G. Spencer.. ..
1907— G. S. McCarthy 92
1908— G. L. Lyon 94
1909— S. L. Dodds.... 94
1910— J. S. YOUDK.... 06
1911— W. T. Leslie... 94
1912— Vassa Cate 93
PACIFIC COAST HANDICAP.
Year. Winner. Score. Year. Winner.
Year. Winner. Score.
1913— J. T. Joerg 93
1914— S. T. Day 96
1915— W. H. Cochrane 92
1916— Fred Koch 95
1917— L. G. Richards.. 92
1918— No contest.
1909— John Noel 96
1910— J. J. Law.
.97
1911— E. L. Mitchell.. 93
1912— M. M. Bull 93
1913— G. E. Ellis 97
Score.
1914— P. O'Brien 93
1915— H. H. Pflrrmann.98
1916— F. M. Templeton.91
1917— C. Yocum 96
1918— O. N. Ford. 96
CHICAGO GRAND HANDICAP.
Year. Winner. Score.
1910— Albert Southard, Pecatonica, 111 y4
1911— W. F. Riley, Chicago, 111 93
1912— Henry Carstens, Lowell, Ind 93
1913— J. F. Caldwell, Concordia, Kas 98
1914— Sam Hunter, Vancouver, B. C 90
1915— P. J. Krueger, Blue Island. Ill 95
1916— John Kammerman, Grant Park, 111 95
1917— J. H. May, Chicago, 111 98
1918— No contest.
ILLINOIS STATE SHOOT.
The forty-second annual tournament of the
Illinois State Sportsmen's association was held
at Peoria June 10-13, 1918. C. M. Powers
of Decatur won the amateur state champion-
ship with a score of 98 out of 100. Bart
Lewis of Auburn won the professional cham-
pionship with 100 straight breaks. Mrs. E.
A. Winkler of Chicago won the women's
championship with a score of 272 out of 300.
The interstate handicap was won by B. T.
Cole of Thomson with a score of 93. D. W.
Voorhees won the Chicago Board of Trade
diamond trophy with a straight score of 100.
The 1919 meet will be held in Galesburg.
The president of the association is Dr. E.
Winbigler of Alexis and the secretary-treas-
urer is R. Lewis Nirdlinger of Galesburg.
HEER VS. TROEH.
W. H. Heer of Guthrie, Okla., won the in-
ternational trapshooting championship and a
purse of $4,000 in liberty bonds from Frank
Troeh of Vancouver, Wash., at Seattle, Wash.,
June 22-24. 1918. The scores were: Heer.
472; Troeh, 469.
WESTY HOGAN TOURNAMENT.
The twelfth annual Westy Hpgan shooting:
tournament took place at Atlantic City, N. J..
Sept. 11-14. 1918. The Westy Hogan cham-
pionship. 100 targets, 18 yards rise, was won
by George N. Fish, of New York, with a
score of 99. The Westy Hoeran handicap. 100
targets each man, was won by D. J. Dalton of
Windsor, Ont.. with a score of 98. In the
east vs. west team race, the eastern team
won with a score of 2.300 to 2.228 for the
western team out of a total of 2,400 for each
team.
STATE CHAMPIONS IN 1918.
Alabama— W. A. Leach 98
Arizona— D. E. Morrell 99
Arkansas— J. E. Chatfleld 97
Calif orna-Nevada— Fred Blair 100
Colorado-New Mexico — R. A. King 93
Connecticut— Dr. B. F. Bishop 95
Delaware— W. M. Ford 98
Florida — J. A. Hansborough 91
Georgia— J. M. Barrett 99
Idaho — Guy Cheisman 99
Illinois— C. M. Powers... . 98
Indiana— G. R. Shuck 98
Iowa— Charles Hummoll 99
Kansas— E. W. Arnold 97
Kentucky— W. H. Hall 99
Maine— O. P. Weymonth 99
Maryland-District of Columbia — R. D. Mor-
gan 97
Massachusetts — George L. Osborne IOC
Michigan — J. L. Bryant 9$
Minnesota — F. A. Allen. 97
Mississippi — G. M. L. Key 94;
Missouri — George Nicholai 97
Montana— E. W. Renf ro 99
Nebraska — J. A. Nelson 98
New Hampshire — Elmer E. Reed 95>
New Jersey— F. S. Tomlin 98
New York— H. J. Penderg-ast 99
North Carolina— C. C. Bates 97
North Dakota— A. R. Chezik 97
Ohio— J. E. Cain 97
Oklahoma— W. H. Heer 99
Pennsylvania— C. H. Newcomb 97
Rhode Island — W. J. Weaver 93
South Carolina— R. G. McCants 94
South Dakota— E. T. Myers 98
Tennessee — B. F. Duncan 95
Texas— H. E. Woodward 98
Utah— G. L. Becker 98
Vermont — D. M. Barclay 95
Virginia— R. A. Hall 97
Washington— F. M. Troeh 97
West Virginia— G. H. Mead 9ft
Wisconsin — C. H. Larson 97
Wyoming-— W. R. Tarrant 97
BILLIARDS.
CLASS A CHAMPIONSHIP.
Corwin Huston of Detroit won the class A
national amateur balkline billiard champion-
ship of the United States in a tournament
held in Detroit, Mich.. Feb. 25-March 8. 1918.
The final standing- was as follows:
Player— W. L. Points.
Corwin Huston, Detroit 5 1 1,747
David McAndless Jr., Chicago.. 4 2 1.682
Chas. Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich. .4 2 1,646
Eugene Milburn, Memphis 4 2 1.63S
Charles White, Brooklyn 2 4 1,387
T. Henry Clarkson, Boston... 1 5 1,346
Alex Elmslie. Milwaukee 1 6 1.337
Grand average for the tournament. 7.69.
THREE CUSHION LEAGUE
The Interstate Three Cushion league season
ended May 18, 1918. with Pierre Maupome
the winner with a score of 42 games won to
14 games lost. John Layton was second and
Otto Reiselt third. Four players had best
g-ames of 37 innings, these being: the three
men named and Bob Cannefax.
AMBULANCE FUND TOURNAMENT.
August Kieckhefer of Chicago won the Ameri-
can Billiard Players' Ambulance Fund tourna-
ment held in Chicago and ending Feb. 21.
1918. with a score of ten games won to
three lost. It was one of the most remark-
able tournaments in the history of the three
cushion game for good playing- and closeness
of finish. Had Bob Cannefax of St. Louis de-
feated Kieckhefer in the last game of the
series there would have been a triple tie.
Standing of the players:
W. L. HR.'BG.
Kieckhefer, Chicago 10 3 8 37
Ellis. Milwaukee 9 4 10 63
Cannefax. St. Louis 8 5 16 43
McCourt. Cleveland 8 5 8 57
Maupome, Cleveland 8 5 7 41
De Oro, New York 7 6 7 57
J. Moore. Chicago 6 7 12 62
Layton, Detroit 6 7 8 41
Jackson, Detroit 6 7 9 47
Capron. Chicago 6 7 5 68
Morin, Chicago 5 8 8 48
G. Moore. New York 5 8 7 68
Heal, Toledo 4 913 59
Palmer. Detroit 3 10 7 49
*Best fame in innings
DE ORO VS. OTIS.
In a three-block contest for the three cush-
ion billiard championship of the world played
in Havana. Cuba, Jan. 10, 11 and 12. Alfredo
de Oro defeated Charles Otis of Brooklyn. N.
Y.. by the close score of 150 to 149.
J70
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
KIECKHEFEB VS. DE ORO.
Augie Kieckhefer and Alfredo de Oro played
for the Brunswick trophy emblematic of the
world's championship at three-cushion bil-
liards in Chicago Feb. 7, 8 and 9, 1918. the
former winning with a total score of 150 to
126 in 185 innings. For the three nights the
scores were: Kieckhefer, 42, 58, 50; De Oro,
50, 45, 31.
KIECKHEFER VS. CANNEFAX.
Augie Kieckhefer of Chicago retained the
world's three cushion billiard title by defeating
Bob Cannefax of St. Louis in a three-block
match in Chicago, March 13, 14 and 15, 1918.
by a total score of 150 to 142. The highest
runs of the match were: Cannefax, 6; Kieck-
hefer, 5.
KIECKHEFER VS. MAUPOME.
Augie Kieckhefer and Pierre Maupome played
a three-block game for the three cushion bil-
liard championship in Chicago April 17, 18
and 19, 1918. Kieckhefer winning by a total
score of 150 to 145 in 198 innings.
KIECKHEFER VS. OTIS.
In a three-block championship three-cushion
billiard match played in Chicago, Sept. 18,
19 and 20, 1918, Kieckhefer won from
Charles Otis by a score of 150 to 123 in 178
innings.
KIECKHEFER VS. McCOURT. .
In a three-block series played in Chicago Nov.
6-8, 1918, Augie Kieckhefer defeated Charles
McCourt. 150 to 83, in 132 innings— a world's
record.
RIFLE SHOOTING.
CLASSIC EVENTS.
Following1 is a list of the men and teams win-
ning important events at national rifle association
tournaments in recent years:
President's Match.
1909— Midshipman Andrew D. Denny, U. S navy.
1'ttO— Sergt. W. A. Fragner, U. S. marine corps.
1911— Corp. C. A. Lloyd. U. S. marine corps.
1912— Corp. Cedric B. Long, 5th Massachusetts
infantry.
1913— Capt. W. II. Clopton, Jr., U. S. infantry.
1914— No contest.
1915 — Andrew Hagen, gunnery sergeant, U, S.
marine corps.
1916— Capt. W. Garland Fay, TJ. S. marine corns.
1917— No contest.
1918— Sergt. H. J. Hoffner. U. S. M. C. ; score,
285.
Wimbledon Cup.
1909— First Sergeant Victor H. Czegka. TJ. S. ma-
rine corps; score, 98.
1910— Capt. C. H. Emerson, 6th Ohio infantry;
score, 99.
1911— Capt. C. H. Emerson, 6th Ohio infantry;
score, 98.
1912— Capt. A. L. Briggs, 26th U. S. infantry;
score, 97.
1913— Corp. Thomas E. Verser, 14th U. S. In-
fantry; score, 99.
3914 — No contest.
1913— Color Sergeant, J. E. Jackson, 1st Iowa in-
fantry; score, 98.
1916— Sergt. J. J. Andrews, U. S. marine corps;
score. 99.
1917— No contest.
1918— Corp. F. L. Branson, U. S. M. C. ; score,
92.
Leech Cup.
1969— Lieut. J. L. Topliam, 13th U. S. Infantry;
score, 103.
1910— Lieut. C. L. Sturdevant, U. S. Eng. ; score,
103.
1311— Lieut. S. W. Anding, 13th U. S. infantry;
score, 103.
1912— Senzt. F. H. Kean, Massachusetts volun-
teer militia; score, 104.
1913— George W. Cliesley, W. R. and G. club;
score, 105.
191-1— No contest.
1915 — Quartermaster Sergeant J. M. Thomas, 3d
T'. S. cavalry; score. 102.
1916— W. II. Richards, Quinipiac club; score, 104.
1917— No contest.
1918 — S. A. McKone, Lawrence, Kas. ; score, 93.
Marine Corps CUD.
1909— Capt. Douglas G. McDougal, U. S. marine
corps; score, 187.
1910— Corp. O. A. Schofleld, Massachusetts volun-
teer militia; score, 192.
1911— Lieut. H. E. Simon, Ohio N. G.; score, 195.
1912— Capt. G. H. Emerson, Ohio N. G. ; score,
194.
1913— John W. Hessian, N. R. A.; score, 195.
i914 — No contest.
1915— Sergt. E. J. Blade, 1st Minnesota infantry;
score, 197.
1916— Capt. D. A. Preussner, Iowa infantry;
score, 196.
1917 — No contest.
1918— Corp. F. L. Branson, TJ. S. M. C. ; score,
183.
Regimental Team Match.
1910— 6th Massachusetts infantry.
1911— 2d Texas infantry.
1912— 1st District of Columbia infantry.
1913— 5th infantry, Massachusetts volunteer mi-
litia.
1914— No contest.
1915— 1st regiment, Minnesota.
1916— 1st Iowa infantry.
1917— No contest.
Company Team Match.
1909— Co. F, 1st Minnesota infantry.
1910 — 4th company, U S. naval academy.
1911— Co. L, 1st West Virginia infantry.
1912— Co. E, 1st District of Columbia infantry,.
1913— Co. A, 1st West Virginia infantry.
1914— No contest.
1915— Co. D, 3d District of Columbia infantry.
1916— Co. F, 1st Ohio infantry.
1917— No contest.
Enlisted Men's Team Match.
1911— TJ. S. navy; score, 552 (first competition).
1912— Massachusetts; score, 549.
1913 — U. S. cavalry; score, 571.
1914— No contest.
1915 — Massachusetts, second team.
1916-^th U. S. M. C. team; score, 557.
1917— No contest.
PALMA TROPHY.
Owing to the European war there has been no
contest for the Palma trophy since 1913. Record
of event to date:
Year. Country. Score.
1903— United States.1.570
1907— United States.1,713
1912— United States.1,720
1913— United States.1,714
Year. Country. Score.
1876— United States
1877— United States.3,334
1880— United States.1,292
1901— Canada 1,522
1902— Britain .1,447
SWIMMING.
NATIONAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Indoor.
Plunge for distance— Won by B. H. Princell.
Chicago A. A., in the Detroit A. C. pool, in
Detroit, Mich., Marsh 30, 1918. Distance, 76
feet, in :41Vs (world's record).
150 yard back stroke — Won by Perry McGilli-
vray. Great Lakes Training station, in the De-
troit A. C. pool. March 30. 1918. Time,
1 :49%. Time in preliminary heat, 1:48%.
(World's record.)
500 yards, free style, for women — Won by Miss
Claire Galligan of New York, in the Detroit
A. C. pool. Detroit, Mich., March 30, 1918.
Time, 7:44%.
50 yards — Won by Perry McGillivray in Chicago
A. A. tank, Chicago, April 3, 1918. Time,
.(>A 4£
400 yard relay — Won by Illinois Athletic club
team (Jones, Seigel, Raithel, Hebner), in C.
A. A. tank, Chicago, April 4. 1918. Time,
q * 4.Q24
Fancy diving— Won by Arthur Hartung, I. A.
1 C., in I. A. C. tank, Chicago. April 5, 1918.
with 142.54 points.
100 yards (Women)— Won by Miss Olga Doerf-
ner. Philadelphia. Pa., in I. A. C. tank. Chi-
cago, April 5. 1918. Time. 1:09%.
500 yards— Won by Norman Ross, Olympic A.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
271
C.. San Francisco, Cal., in C. A. A. tank.
Chicago. April 10. 1918. Time, 6:53%. (New
world's indoor and outdoor record.)
200 yards, breast stroke — Won by Michael Mc-
Dermott, J. A. C., in C. A. A. tank, Chicago.
April 10. 1918. Time, 2:04%.
228 yards — Won by Norman Boss, Olympic A.
C., San Francisco, Cal., in Los Angeles A. C.
tank, Los Ang-eles, Cal., April 25, 1918. Time,
2:24%.
100 yards — Won by Perry McGillivray, in the
Olympic A. C. tank, San Francisco, Cal., April
28, 1918. Time, :55%.
50 yards (women) — Won by Miss Charlotte
Boyle of New York, N. Y., in Olympic A. C.
tank. San Francisco, Cal., April 28, 1918.
Time, :31%.
Both the Chicago Athletic association and the
Illinois Athletic club claimed the national
swimming- championship because of a dispute
arising out of the manner in which the water
polo event was decided. The contest was to
have been decided in the I. A. C. tank April 4.
but the Great Lakes team was unable to take
part. The C. A. A. refused to permit new pair-
ings and claimed a forfeit under a previous
agreement. The championship committee of the
N. A. A. U. upheld this claim, but President
Charles A. Dean ordered games played May 14
when the I. A. C. team defeated the Great
Lakes team 5 to 2. Under the committee rul-
ing the C. A. A. won the championship with
39 points. Great Lakes being second with 28
points and the I. A. C. third with 25 points.
Under President Dean's ruling- the I. A. C. was
first with 40 points. Great Lakes second with
37 points, the Olympic A. C. third with 17
points and the C. A. A. fourth with 15 points.
Sept. 22 the championship committee of the
N. _A. A. U. officially awarded the Chicago Ath-
letic association first and second places in the
polo event, giving the organization the national
indoor swimming championship.
Outdoor.
1 mile— Won by W. L. Wallen, Great Lakes, at
Chicago, Sept. 2. Time, 28:08%.
100 yards — Won by Perry McGillivray, Great
Lakes, at Birmingham. Ala., Aug. 24. Time,
:56%.
440 yards— Won by W. L. Wallen, at CMcago,
Aug. 24. Time, 5:57%.
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Indoor.
60 yards— Won by Art Raithel, I. A*. C., in I.
A. C. tank. Chicago, Jan. 3. Time, :25.
440 yards— Won by W. L. Wallen, I. A. C., in
I. A. C. tank. Chicago, Jan. 3. Time. 5:28%.
200 yards, breast stroke — Won by Mike MeDer-
mott, I. A. C., in I. A. C. tank, Chicago, Jan.
3. Time, 2:45%.
1 mile — Won by German Laubis, Great Lakes
naval station, in I. A. C. tank, Chicago, Jan.
3. Time, 25:26%.
880 yards, free style— Won by Perry McGilli-
vray, Great Lakes naval station, in I. A. C.
tank, Chicago, Feb. 1. Time, 11:51.
Water polo— Won by I. A. C. team, in I. A. C.
tank. Feb. 1, 5 to 2, over Chicago A. A. team.
100 yards, free style— Won by Perry McGilli-
vray. Great Lakes, in Detroit A. C. tank, Feb.
23. Time. :55.
150 yards, back stroke — Won by A. Seigel, I. A.
" C., in Detroit A. C. tank, Feb. 23. Time, 1:58.
220 yards, free style— Won by Perry McGilli-
vray, Great Lakes, in Detroit A. C., Feb. 23.
Time. 2:17%.
Thelma Darby of the Indianapolis Athletic
and Canoe club won all the women's champion-
ship events in the Detroit A. C. tank Feb. 23,
taking the 50 yard free style race in :33ys.
the 100 yard back stroke in 1:34%, the 100
yard breast stroke in 1 :51 and the 100 yard
free style in 1:22%.
400 yard relay— Won by Illinois A. C. team, in
I. A. C. tank. Chicago. March 1. Time, 3:49%.
Fancy diving— Won by W. P. Heyn, C. A. A..
in I. A. C. tank, Chicago, March 1. Points,
Outdoor.
50 yards — Won by Perry McGillivray, Great
Lakes, at Chicago. Sept. 2. Time, :25%.
100 yards, breast stroke — Won by E. N. Chap-
man. C. A. A., at Chicago, Sept. 2. Time.
1:20%.
100 yards, back stroke— Won by Perry McGilli-
vray. at Chicago, Aug. 17. Time. 1:15%.
100 yards, free style— Won by Perry McGilli-
vray, at Chicago, Aug. 17. Time, :58%.
220 yards — Won by Bennett, Great Lakes, at
Chicago, Aug. 17. Time, 2:48%.
880 yards— Won by W. L. Wallen, Great Lakes,
at Chicago, Aug. 3. Time. 12:30%.
1 mile— Won by W. L. Wallen, at Detroit. Mich..
Sept. 7. Time, 16:50%.
Fancy diving— Won by W. P. Heyn, C. A. A.,
at Chicago. Aug. 17. Points, 127.1.
Fancy diving, women — Won by Miss Viola
Burkjiart, at Chicago, Aug. 17. Points, 179.
100 yards, back stroke, women — Won by Miss
Helen Mills, at Chicago, Aug. 17. Time, 2 :03.
200 yards, free style, women — Won by Flor-
ence Gaither, at Chicago, Sept. 2. Time, 3 :46.
50 yards, women — Won by Miss Jacqueline
Thompson, at Chicag-o, Aug. 17. Time, :41%.
Belay — Won by Great Lakes No. 1, at Chicago,
Sept. 14. Time. 4:07%.
High diving — Won by W. P. Heyn, at Chicago,
Aug. 31. Points, 151.
High diving, women — Won by Miss A. Smith,
at Chicago, Aug. 31. Points, 151.
RECORDS BROKEN BY NORMAN ROSS.
In an open 300 yard contest in the Illinois
Athletic club's tank, Chicago. April 4, 1918,
Norman Boss of San Francisco, Cal., swam 200
yards in 2:06%, 220 yards in 2:20%. 250 yards
in 2:41% and 300 yards in 3:16%, all new-
world's records.
In the Illinois Athletic club's tank, Chicago,
April 5. 1918, Boss swam 500 yards in 6:53%.
unpaced. beating his own record of 6:04. It
was an exhibition and will not stand as a
world's record.
In the Chicago Athletic association's tank
April 10, 1918, Ross swam 500 yards in
5 :53%, breaking his own indoor record of
6 H)5% in competition and also the outdoor rec-
ord of 6:04%, held by J. G. Hatfield of Eng-
land. In the course of the performance Boss
broke three intermediate world's records. He
swam the first 330 yards in 3:45%, which
broke the mark of 3 :52%. held by Harry Heb-
ner of the Illinois A. C. He stroked 400 yards
in 4:38%. shattering the record of 4:52%. also
held by Hebner. The third record to go by the
board was the 440 yard mark of 5:16%. held
by himself. He swam the distance in 5:08%.
CHICAGO RIVER SWIM.
The ninth annual Chicago river swim under
the auspices of the Illinois Athletic club took
place Aug. 10, 1918. It was won by Perry Mc-
Gillivray of the Great Lakes training station,
who covered the distance of approximately two
miles in 33:44. Record of the event:
1908— S. C. Jensen, I. A. C 44:41%
1909— H. J. Handy, I. A. C 36:12%
1910— Perry MoGihivray, I. A. C 38:03
1911— Joseph Steuor, unattached 43:21
1912— W. It. Vosburgh, Uuiv. of Illinois. .1:03:22
1913— Perry AleGillivrny, I. A. C 46:54%
1914— Perry McGillivray, I. A. C 40:02
1915 — No contost account Eastland disaster.
1916— W. L. Wallen, Hamilton club 35:17
1917— W. L. Wallen, Hamilton club 35:55
1918— P. McGillivrny, Great Lakes 33:44
Note — I'rior to 1912 the course used was about
1% miles in length; in 1912 it wns 2% miles; in
1913, 2 miles; In 1914. 1% miles; in 1916, 2%
miles, and in 1918. 2 milos.
CONFERENCE SWIMMING CHAMPIONSHIP.
The Northwestern university won the west-
ern conference swimming championship in Pat-
ten gymnasium, Evnnston, 111.. March 22. 1918,
with 47% points. Chicago university was sec-
ond with 29% points. Wisconsin third with 25,
272
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Illinois fourth with 3 and Indiana fifth with %
of a point. The meet was remarkable for the
breaking- of five conference records. The new
marks made were:
40 yards — Earle. Chicago ................. :19%
210 breast — Biersach. Wisconsin ......... 2:45
320 yards— Earle, Chicago ................ 2:31%
100 yards — Earle, Chicago ................ :59
4-tO yards — Simonsen, Northwestern ...... 5:41%
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPION-
SHIPS.
Princeton won the eastern individual intercol-
legiate swimming championships at Princeton,
N. J., March 23. 1918. with 21 points. The
University of Pennsylvania was second with 14
points and the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology third with 8%, Yale had 6%, Amherst
3 and Rutgers 2 points.
WORLD'S SWIMMING RECORDS.
25 yards— :11.3, Duke Kalmnamoku (U. S.).
40 yards— :18%, Perry McGillivray (U. S.).
50 yards— :23, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.).
60 yards— :29M>, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.).
75 yards— :38%, Duke Kahanamoku (U. S.) and
Robert Small (U. S.).
100 yards— :54, Perry McGillivray (U.-S.).
110 yards— 1:02%, H. Hebner (U. S.).
120 yards— 1.08%, Perry McGillivray (U. S.).
150 yards— 1:29%, H. E. Vollmer (U. S.).
200 yards— 2:06%, Norman Ross (U. S.).
220 yards— 2:20%, Norman Ross (U. S.).
300 yards— 3:16%, Norman Ross (U. S.).
440 yards— 5:08%, Norman Ross (U. S.).
500 yards— 5:53%, Norman Ross (U. S.).
880 yards>-ll:ll%. B. Kieran (Aus.).
1 mile— 23:16%, B. Kieran (Aus.i.
2 miles— 64:54, George Read (Aus.).
AMERICAN SWIMMING RECORDS.
251 yards— :11.3, Duke Kahanamoku.
40 yards— :19, A. C. Raithel, I. A. C.
50 yards — :23.4, Duke Kahanamoku. v
75 yards — :38.4, Duke Kahanamoku.
80 yards— :41%, P. McGillivray, I. A. C.
100 yards— :54, P. McGillivray, I. A. C.
120 yards— 1:07%, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
150 yards— 1:29%, H. E. Vollmer. N. Y. A. C.
200 yards— 2:04, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
220 yards— 2:19, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
250 yards— 2:53%, P. MeGillivray. I. A. C.
300 yards— 3:16%, Norman Ross, O. A. C.
440 yards— 5:08%, Norman Ross. O. A. C.
500 yards— 5:53%, Norman Ross, O. A. O.
880 yards— 11:14%, H. J. Hebner, I. A. C.
1 mile— 23:40%, C. M. Daniels. N. Y. A. C.
100 yards on back— 1:13%, Harry Kruger.
. Mc
I. A. C.
100 yards, breast stroke — 1:11%, M.
Dermott,
150 yards, back stroke — 1:50%, H. J. Hebner, I.
A. C.
160 yard, relay— 1:17, I. A. C. team (P. McGilli-
vray, A. C. Raithel, R. B. Foster, H. J. Heb-
ner).
200 yards, breast stroke— 2:36%, Lester White,
Hamilton club.
600 yards, relay — 4:40%, I. A. C. team (Perry
McGillivray, William Vosburgh, A. C. Raithel,
Harry Hebner, D. C. Jones).
400 yards, relay— 3r42%. I. A. C. team (A. C.
Raithel, Perry McGillivray, William Vosburgh,
H. Hebner).
Plunge for distance (1 minute time limit)— 75
feet in :50%, D. V. A. Smith, Chicago; 60
feet in :18, D. V. A. Smith and Ben Princell,
Chicago.
Under water swim— 320 feet, E. P. Swatek, I.
A. C.
AIRPLANE RECORDS.
HIGHEST ALTITUDES REACHED.
The; record for height attained by airplane Is
held by Capt. A. R. Schroeder, U. S. A., who,
ascending from Dayton, O., Sept. 18, 1918, reached
an altitude of 28,900 feet. The record was offi-
cially confirmed. Following is a list of notable
altitude flights since 1910:
Georges Legagneux, Pau, France, Dec. 9, 1910,
10,499 feet.
Arch Hoxsey, Losi Angeles, Cal.. Dec. 26, 1910,
11,474 feet (unofficial).
Capt. Felix, Etauipes, France, Aug. 5, 1911.
11,330 feet.
Lincoln Beachey, Chicago, 111., Aug. 20, 1911,
11,642 feet.
Roland G. Garros, Parame, France. Nov. 7,
1911. 13,943 feet.
Lieut. Blaschke, Vienna, June 29, 1912. 14,300 ft.
Roland G. Garros, Houlgate, Sept. 6, 1912,
16,076 feet.
Georges Legagneux, Villacoublay, Sept. 17, 1912,
17.881 feet.
Edmond Perreyon, Buc aerodrome, France,
March 11, 1913, 19,650 feet.
Georges Legagneux, St. Raphael, France, Dec.
27, 1913. 19,300 feet.
Theodore MacCauley, San Diego, Cal., Feb. 25.
1914. 12,120 feet.
Herr Linnekogel, Johaimisthal, Germany, March
31, 1914, 20,564 feet.
Heinrich Oelreich, Leipzig, Germany, July 14,
1914, 24,606 feet.
De Lloyd Thompson, Kansas City, Mo., Aug.
6, 1914, 15,600 feet.
Capt. H. LeR. Muller, San Diego, Cal., Oct. 8,
1914. 17.441 feet.
H. G. Hawker, Hendon, England, June 5, 1915,
20,000 feet.
H. G. Hawker, Brooklands, England, April 26,
1916, 24.408 feet.
Capt. W. A. Robertson, Jr., San Diego, Cal.,
May 12. 1917, 16,400 feet.
Miss Ruth Law, Peoria, 111., Sept. 27, 1917.
14,701 feet (record for women).
Caleb Bragg, Port Washington, N. Y., Sept.
7, 1917, 12,900 feet, in hydroaeroplane carrying
two passengers.
Lieut. M. B. Kelleher, with one passenger, Chi-
cago, 111., Sept. 8, 1918, 23,500 feet.
Capt. A. R. Schroeder, Dayton, 'O., Sept. 18,
1918. 28.900 feet.
RECORD FOR ENDURANCE.
The record for time spent in the air in non-
stop aeroplane flights is held by Reinhold Boehm,
a German aviator. At Johannisthal. Germany,
July 11, 1914, he set the endurance record at 24
hours and 12 minutes. He used an ordinary Al-
batross army biplane and covered approximately
1,350 miles.
LONGEST NONSTOP FLIGHT.
Capt. G. Lauriati, 'Italy, Aug. 29, 1917, Turin
to Naples and return, 920 miles ; flew from Turin
to London, Eng., Sept. 25, 1917, 656 miles.
BALLOONING.
BENNETT CUP RECORD.
Year. Winner. Distance.
1906— America (American) 402 miles
1907— Pommern (German) 880 miles
1908— Helvetia (Swiss) 620 miles
1909 — America II. (American) 695 miles
1910 — America II. (American) 1,171 miles
1911— Berlin II. (German) 471 miles
1912^-Picardie (French) 1,354 miles
1913— Goodyear (American) 400 miles
1914. 1915 and 1917— No contests.
RECORD FOR DISTANCE.
The record for distance traveled in a balloon in
continuous flight in a race is held by Maurice Be-
naims of France, who made 1,354 miles in con-
testing for the James Gordon Bennett cup Oct.
27-29, 1912. In 1900 Count de la Vaux made a
.lourney of 1,193 miles and in 1910 Alan R. Haw-
ley and Augustus Post covered 1,171 miles1.
Hans Berliner with two passengers made a
balloon flight Feb. .8-16, 1914, from Bitterfeld,
Germany, to Kirgischansk, in the Ural moun-
tains, Russia. The distance is approximately
1,800 miles.
The record for distance traveled over water in
a dirigible balloon is held by Walter Wellman,
who on Oct. 15-18, 1910, made approximately 1,000
miles in an attempt to cross the Atlantic in the
America.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
273
EECOED FOR HEIGHT.
The record for height made in an ordinary gas
balloon is 28,750 feet. It was made by Prof.
Bersou of Berlin, Dec. 4, 1894. A record of
nearly 33,000 feet was claimed for the French
balloon Icare in 1913.
The world's dirigible balloon record for alti-
tude is 9,514 feet. It was made by the French
dirigible Clement-Bayard III. May 20, 1912. The
balloon carried six passengers.
ROQUE.
AMERICAN LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The seventh annual tournament of the
American Roque league was held on the
Washington park courts, Chicago, July 22-
27, 1918. Following' was the final standing:
Champion Division.
W. L.
F. C. Turner, Pasadena, Cal 8 0
Joseph Kennedy, Chicago 4 5
F. H. Selden, Kansas City, Mo 4 6
H. E. Lymaji, Topeka. Kas .1 7
First Division.
W. L. Pts.
H. O. Walker. Chicago 7 1 235
C. G. Carlson, Great Lakes 5 3 231
J. E. Jones, Chicago 6 3 222
W. W. Wilson, Chicago 4 3 191
J. C. Lathrop, Chicago 2 6 172
W. H. Hoagland, Peoria. Ill 3 6 152
W. A. Rounds, Cleveland, O.. ...3 5 150
W. T. Thompson. Chicago 4 3 148
H. S. Hanna, Chicago 2 4 128
Matthias Gerlach. Arabia. Ind...O 1 20
Second Division.
J. P. Shelley, Oxford. Ind 9 0 288
G. A. Wacker. Edinburgh, 111... 6 4 277
J. F. Nientker, Decatur, 111 4 6 248
J. H. O'Brien, Chicago 6 2 221
James Wood, Chicago 5 4 219
C. F. Ellis, Chicago 6 2 213
I. W. Osborn, Cleveland, 0 4 6 198
M. H. Pence, New Paris. 0 3 6 169
M. T. Reeves, Columbus, Ind.... 3 4 140
G. F. Lyon, Chicago 1 8 134
G. H. Drummond, Chicago 1 8 132
T. Hall, Chicago 0 1 14
Third Division.
Herbert Sime. Chicago . . ..... 8 0 256
J. O. Henry, Decatur, 111 6 1 202
O. H. Hinds, LeMars. la 4 3' 183
T. I. Wasson, Marshalltown, la. .4 4 156
F. Z. Hale, Independence. la.... 2 5 146
A. P. Goodhue. Chicago 3 4 143
A. E. Larson, Chicago 2 4 97
Henri Paul, Cedar Falls. la 0 7 84
Wm. Blashfield, Hartford, Mich.. 2 2 79
M. P. Harmon, South Bend, Ind.O 1 5
WESTERN CHAMPIONSHIPS.
The Western Roque association's annual
championship tournament was held in Lincoln
park, Chicago, Aug. 5-10, 1918. The final
standing was:
First Division.
W. L. Pts.
M. McPhail, Chicago 4 1 122
C. R. Zimmerman. Warsaw, Ind.4 1 102
J. W. Gill, Evanston 3 2 89
W. B. Parmelee. Chicago 1 4 81
F. A. Holbrook, Chicago 2 3 59
A. H. Moore, Chicago 1 4 18
Second Division.
R. C. Peck, Decatur, HI 7 1 221
F. M. Kile. Decatur. Ill 7 1 186
W. I. Lundy. Warsaw. Ind 2 5 121
Dr. Elg-as, Hartford. Mich 1 5 106
R. E. Neel, Newport. Ind 3 3 98
W. H. Wainwrig-ht. Warsaw. Ind. 2 2 81
W. A. Foa-erty. Chipngo 0 3 76
V,. Cnnklin. Hartford. Mich 2 2 65
Pr. McDermott. Chicago 0 1 24
Dr.- Easton. Dowagiac. Mich 0 1 16
Third Division.
B. E. Euchner. Chicago ........... 7 0 195
A. Selstrom, Chicago .............. 4 3 141
*S. Swisher, Campbellstown, O..3 3 105
*W. Overhue. Sheldon. 'Ill ........ 2 1 73
F. S. Southwick, Chicago ......... 0 5 63
J. W. Kalb. Chicago ............... 0 5 26
*Tied one match.
FLY AND BAIT CASTING.
NATIONAL AMATEUR CASTING ASSOCIA-
TION RECORDS.
Light tackle accuracy fly— 100%; F. E. Moffett
J. E. Amman and I. H. Bellows
Light tackle dry fly accuracy— 100 % : I. H. Bel-
lows.
Heavy tackle accuracy fly— 100%; Dr. C. O
Dorchester.
Salmon fly, longest cast — 157 feet; Dr. Halford
J. Morlan.
Salmon fly, average for five casts— 143 feet:
Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Delicacy and accuracy fly— 99:20-30% ; L E
DeGarmo.
Hobble distance fly, average for five consecu-
tive shoots— 32 feet; Dr. Halford J. Morlan.
Hobble distance fly, longest single shoot — 16
feet; Dr. H. J. Morlan.
Hobble distance fly, longest cast— 115 feet- Dr
H. J. Morlan.
Light tackle distance fly, longest cast— 125 feet;
Dr. H. J. Morlan.
Light tackle distance fly. average for five casts
—110 feet; L. E. DeGarmo.
% ounce accuracy bait— 99.7; F. E Moffett L
E. DeGarmo and J. E. Amman.
% ounce accuracy bait— 99.7; F. E. Moffett
Pork chunk, fishing tackle, heavy line— 98.6;
L. E. DeGarmo.
% ounce accuracy bait (unknown distances)—!
.
% ounce distance bait (longest cast)— 229
feet: W. O. Holton.
% ounce distance bait (average five casts) —
168% feet; F. E. Moffett.
% ounce distance bait (longest cast)— 195 feet;
F. E. Moffett.
All around American champion— Dr. Halford J.
Morlan.
National Amateur Casting Association— President,
Dr. H. J. Morlan, 30 North Michigan avenue,
Chicago ; secretary, F. E. Moffett, 225 East Illi-
nois street, Chicago.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION RECORDS.
[Compiled by Fred N. Peet, 214 West Huron
street. Chicago, 111.]
Following are the records made under the
r. e?, of ^tne National Association of Scientific
Angling Clubs:
•H1T7Mi°,und cnamPionshio fly and bait casting—
William Stanley, 40 demerits, Chicago, Aug 22
to 25. 1918.
Salmon casting— Fred N. Peet, 162 feet (rod 15
feet), San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 13, 1915.
Long distance fly— Walter I). Mansfield, 134 feet
(rod unlimited), San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 15.
1915.
Long distance fly— H. C. Golseher, 116 feet (5
ounce rod), San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 12, 1915.
Dry fly delicacy and accuracy nt buoys 35. 40 and
45 feet— Frod N. Peet. 99 7-30%, Racine, Wis..
Aug. 15. 1907.
Distance and accuracy at buoys 50. 55 and 60
feet— T. A. Forsyth, 99 13-15%, Chicago, Aug.
Dry fly accuracy at buoys 20, 27%. 35, 42%. 50
feet— F. Kleinfeldt, 99 10-15% (5 ounce rod)
Chicago, Sept. 6, 1914, and William Stanley,
99 10-15%, Chicago, Aug. 23, 1918.
% ounce accuracy bait at buoys 60, 70, 80. 90 and
100 feet— F. A. Smithby, 99 7-10%, Chicago, Aug.
^5. 1918.
% ounce accuracy bait at buoys 60. 65. 70 75 and
80 feet— William Stanley, 99 6-10%. phicago.
% ounce long distance bait— B, F. Flegel. 222
274
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
feet. 1 Inch (average 5 casts). Chicago. Sept.
7. 1914.
V*. ounce long distance bait— B. F. Flegel. 177
feet 5 inches (average 5 casts). Chicago. Sept.
6. 1914.
% ounce long distance bait casting, longest cast
— C. B. Lingenfelter, 243 feet 3 inches, Chi-
cago. Aug. 17. 1912.
% ounce slam event (longest cast in five) — Oscar
Lane, 240 feet, San Francisco, Cal., Aug. 14,
1915.
% ounce slam event (longest cast in five) — Fred
N. Peet, 153 feet, San Francisco, Cal., Aug.
13, 1915.
Two handed surf casting, 2% ounce — F, B. Bice.
269% -feet. New York. Aug. 21. 1909.
American Records.
Salmon casting (world record)— Fred N. Peet,
162 feet (15 foot rod), San Francisco, Cal.,
Aug. 13, 1915.
Switch tly casting— H. W. Hawes. 102 feet. Cen-
tral uurk. New York. 1887.
Long distance fly castiug (heavy rod) — W. D.
Mansfield, 134 feet: rod 11 feet. 10 ounces: San
Francisco, 1915. •
Long distance fly casting (5 ounce rod)— W. D.
Mansfield, 129 feet 6 inches: San Francisco.
1902.
Dry fly casting for delicacy and accuracy at
buoys 35. 40 and 45 feet— Fred N. Peet. 99 5-15%.
at Kalamazoo. Mich.. Aug. 3. 1906.
Long distance bait casting, Vi ounce, longest
cast— B. F. Flegel. 193 feet 4 Inches. Chicago,
Sept. 5, 1914.
Long distance bait, % ounce, longest cast— C. E.
Lingenielter, 243 feet 3 inches, Chicago, Aug.
17, 1912.
National Association of Scientific Angling Clubs —
President, C. B. Willey, Chicago ; secretary,
J. B. Lane, Chicago.
SKI JUMPING.
NATIONAL, TOURNAMENT.
Lars Haugen of Chippewa Falls. Wis.. won
the national ski jumping professional cham-
pionship in the annual tournament of the Na-
tional Ski association held at Cary, 111.. Jan.
2, 1918, with 268% points. His brother
Anders Hang-en of St. Paul. Minn., was sec-
ond with 260% points. The amateur cham-
pionship was won by Sverre Hendricksen of
Virginia, Minn., with 232% points. Nels
Ruud of Chicago was second with 227%
points. Snow and wind prevented any records
from being broken. The best leap of the
day was 136 feet by Lars Haugen. The boys'
tourney was won by Oliver Kaldahl of Glen-
wood, Minn. A two-mile cross country ski
race for women was won by Miss Hildur
Erlandsen of Chicago in 18:11.
Professional Winners.
1— Lars Haugen, Chippewa Falls, Wis.. .268%
2— Anders Haugen, St. Paul, Minn 260%
3 — Sigurd Bergerson, Virginia, Minn. . . . 249
4— Fred Bruun. Chicago 221%
6 — Erling Landvick. Stoughton. Wis. . . . 157%
6— Barney Reilly, Coleraine, Minn Fell
7— Rag-nar Omtvedt, Chicago Fell
8— Hans Hansen. St. Paul. Minn Fell
9— K. Holland, Chippewa Falls. Wis. ...Fell
Special prize for long standing jump — Lars
Haugen. 113 feet.
Amateur Winners.
1 — Sverre Hendricksen. Virginia, Minn... 232%
2— Nels Ruud. Chicago 227%
3 — Christ Jellum, Chicago 224
4— Bernard Olson, Chicago 215%
5 — Einar Jensen, Chicago 215
6— Siegfried Steinwall. Chicago 200%
7— Arne Sletner, Chicago 188
8— Henry Fleming-. Eail Claire. Wis 175
9— Ingolf Sand, Stoughton, Wis 170%
List of Champions.
(Professional.)
1909— John Evanson. Duluth, Minn.
1910— Anders Haugen, Chippewa Falls. Wis.
1911— Francis Kempe. Red Wing. Minn.
1912 — Lars Haugen, Chippewa Falls. Wis.
1913— Ragnar Omtvedt. Chicago, 111.
1914— Ragnar Omtvedt. Chicago, 111.
1915 — Lars Haugen, Chippewa Falls. Wis.
1916 — Henry Hall. Ishpeming, Mich.
*917— Ragnar Omtvedt. Chicago. 111.
1918 — Lars Haugen, Chippewa Falis. Wis.
LONGEST SKI JUMP.
At Steamboat Springs. Col., March 2. 1917.
Henry Hall of that place made a ski jump ol
203 feet, breaking the record of 192 feet 9
inches made by Ragnar Omtvedt of Chicago
at the same place, Feb. 19, 1916.
Officers National Ski association. 1918-1919
— President, G. C. Torguson, Glenwood. Minn.:
vice-president, Ed. Hedlund, Ironwood, Mich.;
secretary, C. Petersen. Chicago: treasurer. F.
Flagstad. St. Paul. Minn.
BASKET BALL.
CONFERENCE CHAMPIONSHIP.
The University of Wisconsin basket ball team
won the "big- ten" or conference championship
of 1918. The standing at the close of the sea-
son, March 16, was:
Won. Lost. Pet.
Wisconsin 9 3 .750
Minnesota 7 3 .700
Northwestern 5 3 .625
Chicago ..6 6 .500
Illinois 6 6 .500
Purdue 5 5 .500
Ohio State 5 5 .500
Indiana 3 3 .500
Iowa 4 6 .400
Michigan 0 10 .000
EASTERN INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPION-
SHIP.
The standing at the close of the eastern
Intercollegiate Basket Ball league season, March
16, 1918, was:
Won. Lost. Pet.
Pennsylvania 9 1 .900
Princeton 8 2 .800
Cornell 7 3 .700
Yale 4 6 .400
Columbia 2 8 .200
Dartmouth 0 10 .000
CENTRAL A. A. U. CHAMPIONSHIP.
By defeating St. John's military academy
five of Delafield. Wis.. 23 to 14. Feb. 16,
1918, the Illinois Athletic club quintet won
the Central Amateur Athletic union basket
ball championship. The Beloit team was third
in the race.
RACQUETS.
NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Winners in Singles.
1901— Qnincy A. Shaw, Boston.
1902— C. H. Mackay, New York.
1903— Payne Whitney, New York.
1904— George A. Brooke, Philadelphia.
1905— Lawrence Waterbury, New York.
1906— Percy D. Haughton, Boston.
1907— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
1908— Quincy A. Shaw. Boston.
1909— Harold F. McCormick. Chicago.
1910— Quincy A. Shaw. Boston.
1911— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
1912— Reginald R. Fincke, New York.
1913 — T^awrence Waterbury, New York.
1914 — Lawrence Waterbury. New York.
1915— Clarence C. Pell. New York.
1916— Stanley G. Mortimer, New York.
1917— Clarence C. Pell, Tuxedo.
Gold Racquet Champions.
1911— .T. Gordon Douglas. New York. N. Y.
1912— J. Gordon Douelas. New York. N. Y.
1913— Harold F. MoCormick. Chicago. 111.
1914— Clarence C. Pell. New York, N. Y.
1915— Clarence C. Pell, New York, N. Y.
1916— Clarence C. Pell, New York. N. Y.
1917— Clarence C. Pell, Tuxedo, N. Y.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
275
BICYCLE RACING.
"William Benson, unattached, won the annual
ten-mile bicycle race of the Franklin Skating
and Athletic club at Palmer suuare. Chicago,
June 16, 1918. Witn a '2 minute handicap he
made the distance in 28:17. William Blum of
the Franklin club won the time prize in
26:56%.
John Del Santo of the Italian American Cycle
club with an allowance of 20 minutes won the
forty mile Wheeling' and return race, Chicago,
July 13. 1918. Jules Arens of the Belgian-
American C. C. won the time prize in 1:49:43.
John Del Santo with a handicap of 2 minutes
won the Bagren twelve-mile road race near Blue
Island, 111., Sept. 1, 1918, in 37:20. The time
prize went to Jules Arens, who made the dis-
tance in 36:20.
George Ladendorf with a handicap of 7 min-
utes won the twenty-mile bicycle race of the
Franklin club in Humboldt park, Chicago, Sept.
2, 1918, in 1:01:23. The time prize was taken
by Walter Witzke in 53 :14. Both were entered
by the (Franklin club.
Jules Arens won the eleven-mile class A
bicycle race of the Belgian-American C. C.,
Sept. 29, 1918, on the northwest side, Chi-
cago, in 31:25.
POWER BOAT RACING.
GOLD CHALLENGE CUP WINNERS.
Year. Boat. Speed.
1904— Standard 23.6
1904— Vingt-et-un 25.3
1905— Chip , ..15.9»
1906— Chip II ...206»
1907— Chip II ...208*
1908— Dixie II , ..30'9
19O9— Dixie II . .32.9
1910— Dixie III.... ..336
1911— Mit II 361
1912— P. D. Q. II 368
1913— Ankle Deep 44.5
1914— Baby Speed Demon 50.49
1915 — Miss Detroit 48.5
1916— Miss Minneapolis 49 7
1917— Miss Detroit II ...56 5
1918-7-Miss Detroit III 52.0
•Winner on corrected time.
MOTORING.
WORLD'S SPEED CLASSICS.
Vanderbilt Cup.
Year. Winning driver and car. Miles. Time.
1904— Heath, Panhard, France 284.40 5:26:45
1905— Hemery, Darracq, France.... 283. 00 4:26:08
1906— Wagner, Darracq, France.... 297.10 4:50:10%
1908— Robertson, Locomobile, Amer-
ica 258.60 4:00:4sy3
1909— Grant, Alco, America 278.08 4:25:42
1910— Grant, Alco, America 278.08 4:15:58
1911— Mulfor.I, Lozier, America 291.38 3:56:00%
1912— De Palma. Mercedes, Ger-
many 300.00 4:20:31
1914— De Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many 295.06 3:53:41
1915— Resta, Peugeot, France 300.30 4:27:37
1916— Resta, Peugeot, France 294.00 3:22:48
No races in 1907, 1913, 1917 or 1918.
American Grand Prize.
1908— Wagner, Flat. Italy 402.08 6:10:31
1910— Bruce-Brown, Benz, Germ any. 415. 20 6:03:05
1911— Bruce-Brown, Fiat, Italy 411.36 5:31:29
1912— Bragg, Fiat, Italy 409.00 5:59:27
1914— Pullen, Mercer, America .'403.24 5:13:30
1915— Resta. Peugeot, France 400.28 7:07:57
1916— Aitken, Peugeot. France 403.25 4:42:47
No races in 1909, 1913, 1917 or 1918.
French Grand Prix.
Year. Winning driver and car. Miles. Time.
1906— Szisz, Renault, France 774.00 12:14:05
1907— Nazzaro, Fiat, Italy 478.30 6:45:33
1908 — Lautenschlager, Mercedes,
Germany 478.30 6:55:43
1912— Boillot, Peugeot, France.... 956. 00 13:58:02
1913— Boillot, Peugeot, France 300.00 6:07:00
1914 Lautens<-hlager, Mercedes,
Germany 467.00 7:08:18
No races in 1909, 1910, 1911, 1915, 1916, 1917
and 1918.
Gordon Bennett Cup.
1900— Charron, Pnnhnrd, France.. 351.00 9:09:39
1901— Girardot, Panhard, France... 327.00 8:50:30
1902— Edge, Napier, England 383.00 10:42:00
1903— Jenatzy, Mercedes, Germany.386.00 8:36:00
1904— Thery, Brasier, France 350.00 5:40:03
1905— Thery, Brasier, France 342,00 7:02:42
1906 — Race discontinued.
Elgin Trophy.
1910— Mulford, Lozier, America... 305.20 4:52:29.84
1911— Zengle, National, America.. 305. 20 4:35:39.08
1912— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many 254.00 3:42:20
1913— Anderson. Stutz. America... 301.68 4:13:38
1914— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many 301.68 4:06:18
1915— Anderson. Stutz. America 301.84 3:54:25
1916-1917-1918— No races.
Chicago Automobile Club Cup.
1913— R. de Palma, Mercer, Amer-
ica 301.68 4:31:56
1914— R. de Palma, Mercedes, Ger-
many 301.68 4:05:01
1915— E. Cooper, Stutz, America.. 301, 84 4:01:32
1916-1917-1918— No races.
Indianapolis Speedway Race.
1911— Harroun, Marmon, America 500 6:42:08
912— Dawson, National, America 500 6:21:06
1913— Goux, Peugeot, France 500 6:35:05
1914— Thomas, Delage, France 500 6:03:45
1915— De Palma, Mercedes, Germany.500 5:33:55
1916— Resta, Peugeot, France 300 3:34:17
1917-1918— No races.
Chicago Derby.
1917— Cooper. Stutz, America 250 2:25:29
1918— Chevrolet, Frontenac. America. ..100 55:29.60
TWENTY-FOUR HOUR RECORD.
Joe Dawson in a Chalmers car made a new
world's record for twenty-four hours by running
1,90014 milesi on the Sheepshead Bay speedway
Aug. 2, 1917. The best previous record was 1,819
miles by Ralph Mulford on the same track May
1-2, 1916.
ONE-HOUR RECORD.
Driving a Packard on the Sheepshead Bay
speedway «t New York Nov. 12, 1917, Ralph
De Palma made 112.4 miles in one hour. The
best previous record was 107 miles by Jean
Chassagne on the Brooklands* track, England,
in 1910.
TRANSCONTINENTAL RECORDS.
The coast to coast records were established In
1916. In the order of their occurrence the per-
formances were as1 follows:
Robert Hammond in an Empire car drove from
S.iu Francisco to New York, a distance by the
route taken of 3,384 miles, in 6 days 10 hours
59 minutes May 16-23. This lowered the rec-
ord set the previous week by a Cadillac eight
cylinder car. which made the trip from Los An-
geles to New York in 7 days 11 hours 52 minutes.
Driving a Marmon 34, S. B. Stevens arrived
in San Francisco at 5 p. m., July 29, just 5
days 18 hours 30 minutes out from New York
city.
W. F. Sturm, driving a Hudson Super-Six-, made
the distance from San Francisco to New York In
exactly 5 days 3 hours 31 minutes Sept. 13-
18 and then made the return trip in 5 days 17
hours 32 minutes, making the time for the
round trip 10 days 21 hours 3 minutes. The dis-
tance traveled was 6,592 miles.
276
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO-NEW YORK RECORD.
B. P. Durham and Al Walden drove from Chi-
cago to New York in 31 hours flat June 6-7. 1916.
the total mileage by the route taken being 1,047.
SPEEDWAY RACING IN 1918.
On account of the great war speedway motor
racing in 1918 was limited and on the whole not
of a sensational character. Following were the
principal events:
Dniontown, Pa., May 16— Barney Oldfield de-
feated Louis Chevrolet in five lap race (slight-
ly more than five miles) in 3:18.51. The Lib-
erty sweepstakes, five heats of twenty-four
laps each, was won by Ralph Mulford in
15:58.52.
Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., June 1— Harkness handi-
cap, 100 miles ; won by Ralph de Palma with a
Packard, in 0:58:21. Louis, Chevrolet in a Fronte-
nac won the 10-mile futurity race in 5:57%.
Chicago, June 22— Derby handicap, 100 miles,
won by Louis Chevrolet (Frontenac), in 55:29.6.
Cincinnati, July 4— Liberty handicap, 100 miles,
won by Ralph de Palma (Packard), in 58:11.4.
Sheepshead Bay, N. Y.. Aug. 17— International
sweepstakes won by Ralph de Palma. Time in
2-mile race, 1:05.6; in 10-mile race, 5:23.8; in
30-mile race, 16:31.2; in 50 mile race, 27:29.2.
Uniontown, Pa., July 18—112 mile Derby won by
Loais Chevrolet (Frontenac), in 1:11:22.4.
Uniontown, Pa., Sept. 2—100 lap race won by
Ralph Mulford (Frontenac), in 1:10:11.1.
Distance.
V4. mile
% mile
1 kilometer..
1 mile
2 miles
3 miles
5 miles
10 miles
20 miles
30 mles
40 miles
50 miles
100 miles
150 miles
200 miles
250 miles
300 miles
350 miles
400 miles
450 miles
500 miles
AMERICAN
Time.
8.16
16.60,
21.40.
31.60.
58.20
1:54.83,
3:00.00.
4:55.75.
10:58.80,
16:31.20,
21:52.00
27:29.20,
54:20.98
1:27:10.93.
.1:56:21.40,
2:23:04.02
2:55:32.23
3:24:42.00
4:04:49.09
4:34:05.78
5:07:26.00,
SPEEDWAY RECORDS, REGARDLESS OF CLASS.
Driver.
Burman
Oldfield
Burman
Oldfleld
Rader
Bragg
Orr
Rader
De Palma..,
De Palma...
Aitken
De Palma..,
Chevrolet...
Anderson . . .
Aitken
Aitken
Anderson . . .
Anderson . . .
Resta
Date.
..May 29, 1911
.July 5, 1915
..May 29. 1911
STRAIGHTAWAY
1 kilometer. . . .
1 mile
2 miles
5 miles
10 miles
15 miles
20 miles
50 miles
100 miles
150 miles
200 miles
250 miles
300 miles
81.65 miles
15.88.
25.40.
51.28.
.... 2:34.00,
.... 5:14.40.
.... 10:00.00,
.... 13:11.92
.... 35:52.31,
....1:12:45.20
....1:55:18.00.
2:34:12.00,
....3:14:55.00,
....3:53:33.50
....1:00:00.00,
1 ml]e 40.53.
ONE
Distance. Time.
1 mile 46.20....
2 miles 1:32.60....
Smiles 2:27.81....
4 miles 3:17.02....
Smiles 4:06.58....
10 miles 8:16.40....
15 miles 12:23.20....
20 miles :. 16:25.60....
25 miles 20:28.80....
50 miles 40:57.80....
75 miles 1:08:56.00....
100 miles 1:31:30.00....
150 miles 2:30:51.00....
200 miles 3:21:48.00....
Car. Place.
.... Blitzen-Benz Indianapolis ....
. . . Christie Tacoma
— Blitzen-Benz Indianapolis. . . .
....Christie ,Tacoma July 5. 1915
... Packard Sheepshead Bay. . July 25, 1917
— Fiat Los Angeles May 5,1912
— Maxwell Omaha July 5. 1915
...Packard Sheepshead Bay. .July 25, 1917
Packard New York Aug.18. 1917
Packard New York Aug. 17, 1918
Peugeot New York .Oct. 28, 1916
Packard New York Aug. 17, 1918
. . ..Frontenac New York : . . .Sept. 22, 1917
....Stutz New York...... „. Oct. 9. 1915
....Peugeot New York Oct. 9, 1915
.... Peugeot New York Sept. 30, 1916
....Stutz New York Oct. 9. 1915
....Stutz New York Oct. 9. 1915
.....Peugeot Chicago June26, 1915
Resta Peugeot .'. . . .Chicago June 26. 1915
Resta Peugeot Chicago June 26. 1915
FREE-FOR-ALL RECORDS. REGARDLESS OF CLASS.
Burman. Blitzen-Benz. . . . Day tona Apr. 23, 1911
Burman Blitzen-Benz Day tona Apr. 23, 1911
Burman Blitzen-Benz. . . . Day tona Apr. 23. 1911
Hemery Darracq Day tona Jan. 24, 1906
Bruce-Brown Benz Day tona Mar. 24. 1909
Lancia Fiat Day tona Jan. 29, 1906
Burman Buick Bug Jacksonville Mar. 30, 1911
Burman Buick Bug Jacksonville .Mar. 28, 1911
Bernin Renault Daytona Mar. 6, 1908
Disbrow Special Jacksonville -Mar. 31, 1911
Disbrow Special Jacksonville iMar. 31, 1911
Disbrow Special Jacksonville Mar. 31. 1911
Disbrow Special Jacksonville .Mar. 31, 1911
Disbrow Special Jacksonville Mar. 28, 1911
(Standing start)
Oldfield Benz Daytona Mar. 16. 1910
MILE CIRCULAR DIRT TRACK RECORDS.
Driver.
Disbrow
Car.
...Simplex
...Simplex .........
Place.
,.. St. Louis, Mo
..St. Louis, Mo
.Aug.
.Aug.
Date
8,
8,
1914
1914
Disbrow
Disbrow
Disbrow
...Simplex
...Simplex
...Simplex
..Cleveland, O
..Cleveland, O
..Cleveland, O
..Bakersfield, Cal..
.Sept.
.Sept.
.Sept.
.Jan.
14,
14,
14,
3,
1912
1912
1912
191>
..Bakersfield, Cal..
3,
T)15
Burman
Burman
...Peugeot
...Peugeot
..Bakersfield, Cal..
..Bakersfleld, Cal..
..Bakersfield, Cal..
.Jan.
.Jan.
.Jan.
3,
3.
3,
1915
1915
191 R
Burman
Alley
Wishart
Mulford
...Peugeot
. ..Duesenberg
..Mercer
..Galesburg, 111....
..Hamline, Minn...
..Columbus, O ,
.Oct.
.Oct.
.Aug.
..July
22,
24,
25,
4,
1914
1914
1912
1913
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN THE UNITED STATES.
Capital punishment prevails in all of the states
of the union except Arizona, Kansas, Maine, Min-
nesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode
Island, Washington and Wisconsin. In Michigan
the only crime punishable by death is treason. The
death penalty was abolished in the state of
Washington in 1913. It was abolished in Iowa in
1872 and restored in 1878. It was also abolished
in Colorado in 1897, but was restored in 1901.
Hanging is the ordinary mode of execution, but
in Arkansas, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York,
Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Vir-
ginia electrocution is the legal method. In Ne-
vada hanging or shooting is optional with the
condemned.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
277
NATIONAL, POLITICAL,
REPUBLICAN.
Headquarters— 923 Woodward building, Washing-
ton. D. C.
Chairman— Will H. Hays. Indiana.
Vice-Chairman— John T. Adams. Iowa.
Secretary— James li. Reynolds. Wilkins building,
Washington, L>. C.
Treasurer— Fred W. Uphani, Illinois.
Assistant Treasurer— Beverley R. Robinson. New
York.
Sergeant-at-Arms— E. P. Thayer. Indiana.
Executive Committee— John T. Adams, Iowa;
William H. Crocker, California: Fred W. Esta-
brook. New Hampshire: James A. Hemenway.
Indiana: A. T. Hert, Kentucky; R. B. How-
ell. Nebraska; Alvah H. Martin, Virginia; Her-
bert Parsons. New Tfork: S. A. Perkins. Wash-
ington; Ralph B. Williams. Oregon.
Alabama— Oliver D. Street Birmingham
Alaska— Cornelius S. Murane Juiieau
Arizona— Allan B. Jaynes Tucson
Arka usas— H. L. Remmel Little Rock
California— William H. Crocker... San Francisco
Colorado— Hubert Work Pueblo
Connecticut— John T, King Bridgeport
Delaware— Coleman du Pont Wilmington
District of Columbia— E. F. Colladay.. Washington
Florida— George W. Beam Tampa
Georgia— Heury S. Jackson Atlanta
Hawaii— R. W. Brecke&s Honolulu
Idaho— John W. Hart Alenan
Illinois— William Hale Thompson Chicago
Indiana — James A. Hemenway Booneville
Iowa— John T. Adams Dulfuque
Kansas— Fred Stanley Wichita
Kentucky— A. T. Hert Louisville
Louisiana— (Vacancy )
Maine— Alfred J. Sweet (acting) Auburn
Maryland— William P. Jackson Salisbury
Massachusetts— William Murray Crane Dalton
Michigan— J. W. Blodgett (acting) Detroit
Minnesota— Frank B. Kellogg..; St. Paul
Mississippi— M. J. Mulvihill Vicksburg
Missouri— Jacolt L. Babler St. Louis
Montana— Thomas A. Marlow Helena
Nebraska— R. B. Howell Omahn
Nevada— Herbert G. Humphreys Reno
New Hampshire — Fred W. Kstabrook Nashua
New Jersey— Franklin Murphy Newark
New Mexico— Charles A. Spiess...East Las Vegas
New York— Herbert Parsons New York
North Carolina— John M. Morehead.... Charlotte
North Dakota— Gunder Olson Graf ton
Ohio— Rudolph K. Hynicka Cincinnati
Oklahoma— James J. McGraw Ponca City
Oregon— Ralph E. Williams Portland
Pennsylvania— Boies Penrose Philadelph ia
Philippines— Henry B. -McCoy Manila
Porto Rico— H. R. Todd San Juan
Rhode Island— William P. Sheffield Newport
South Carolina— Joseph W. Tolbert.... Green wood
South Dakota— Willis C. Cook Sioux Falls
Tennessee— Jesse M. Littleton Chattanooga
Texas— H. F. MacGregor Houston
Utah— Reed Smoot Provo
Vermont— Earle S. Kinsley Rutland
Virginia — (Vacancy)
Washington— Samuel A. Perkins Tacoma
West Virginia— Virgil L. Highland Clarksburg
Wisconsin— Alfred T. Rogers Madison
Wyoming— Patrick Sullivan ( acting) Casper
Chairmen of State Committees (1918).
Alabama— Pope M. Long Cordova
Arizona— Albert M. Sames Douglas
Arkansas— A. C. Remmel Little Rock
California— Raymond Benjamin San Francisco
Colorado— Rush L. Holland Colorado Springs
Connecticut — J. Henry Roraback Canaan
Delaware— Daniel J. Layton. Jr Georgetown
Florida— Daniel T. Gerow Jacksonville
Georgia— Roscoe Pickett Jasper
Idaho— John Thomas Goodintr
Illinois— Frank L. Smith Dwight
Indiana — Edmund M. Wasmuth Huntington
Iowa — Charles A. Rawson Des Moines
Kansas— H. H. Motter McPherson
Kentucky— E. T. Franks Owensboro
COMMITTEES (1916-1920) .
Louisiana— Clarence S. Hebert New Orleans
Maine — Frank J. Ham Augusta
Maryland— Galen L. Tait Baltimore
Massachusetts— George A. Bacon Springfield
Michigan— John D. Manguin Marquette
Minnesota— Gustav Lindquist St. Paul
Mississippi— ( Vacancy)
Missouri— W. L. Cole Union
Montana — O. M. Harvey Livingston
Nebraska— E. D. Beach Lincoln
Nevada — H. J. Humphrey Reno
New Hampshire — Dwight Hall Dover
New Jersey— Newton A. K. Bugbee ...Trenton
New Mexico — George R. Craig Albuquerque
New York— George A. Glyun New York city
North Carolina— Frank A. Linney Boone
North Dakota — William Lemke Fargo
Ohio— N. H. Fairbanks -...Springfield
Oklahoma— Vernon Whiting Pawhuska
Oregon— Thomas Tongue. Jr Hillsboro
Pennsylvania— William E. Crow Uniontown
Rhode Island— Joseph P. Burlingame.. Providence
South Carolina — Joseph P. Tolbert Greenwood
South Dakota— W. H. King Mitchell
Tennessee — H. H. Clements Knoxville
Texas— Phil E. Baer Paris
Utah— W. D. Candland Salt Lake City
Vermont— J. Rolf Searles St. Johnsbury
Virginia— C. B. Slemp Big Stone Gap
Washington— S. A. Walker Seattle
West Virginia— W. E. Baker Elkins
Wyoming— T. Blake Kennedy Cheyenne
DEMOCRATIC.
Permanent headquarters — 425-441 Woodward build-
ing, Washington, D. C.
Campaign headquarters— New York and Chicago.
Chairman— Vance C. McCormick, Pennsylvania.
Vice-Chairman— Homer S. Cummings, Connecticut
Secretary— Carter Glass, Virginia.
Treasurer— Wilbur W. Marsh. Iowa.
Sergeant-at-Arms— John I. Martin, Illinois.
Alabama— Ed D. Smith Birmingham
Arizona— Fred T. Colter Colter
Arkansas— Wallace Davis Little Rock
California — Isidore B. Dock weiler.... Los Angeles
Colorado— John T. Barnett Denver
Connecticut— Homer S. Cummings Stamford
Delaware — Willard Saulsbury Wilmington
Florida— J. T. G. Crawford Jacksonville
Georgia— Clark Howell Atlanta
Idaho— R. H. Elder Coaur d'Alene
Illinois — Charles Boeschenstein Edwardsville
Indiana — E. G. Hoffman Fort Wayne
Iowa— W. W. Marsh Waterloo
Kansas — Samuel B. Amidon Wichita
Kentucky— William B. Haldemau Louisville
Louisiana — Robert Ewing New Orleans
Maine— Daniel J. McGillicuddy Lewiston
Maryland— John W. Smith Snow Hill
Massachusetts— John W. Coughlii, Fall River
Michigan— W. F. Connolly Detroit
Minnesota— Frederick B. Lynch St. Paul
Mississippi— J. M. McBeath Meridian
Missouri— E. F. Goltra St. Louis
Montana — J. Bruce Kremer Butte
Nebraska— A. F. Mullen Omaha
Nevada— James L. McCarthy Goldfield
New Hampshire — R. O. Murchie Concard
New Jersey — Robert S. Hudspeth Jersey City
New Mexico — A. A. Jones Las Vegas
New York — Norman E. Mack Buffalo
North Carolina — A. W. McLean Lumberton
North Dakota— H. H. Perry Ellendale
Ohio— E. H. Moore Youngstown
Oklahoma— Thomas Wade Marlow
Oregon— H. M. Esterly Portland
Pennsylvania — A. Mitchell Palmer Stroudsburg
Rliode Islnnd — Patrick H. Quinn Providence
South Carolina— John 6. Evans Spartanburg
South Dakota — Jani^s Mee Centerville
Tennessee — Cornell Hull Carthage
Texas— William Poimlexter.. Cleburne
Utah^James H. Mo.vlo Salt Lake City
Vermont — James E. Kennedy Williston
Virginia — Carter Glass Lynchburg
Washington— Huch C. Wallace Tacoma
West Virginia— John T. McGraw Graftoa
278
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Wisconsin— Joseph Mai tin Green Bay
Wyoming— Johu E. Osborne Kawlius
Alaska— T. J. Donohue Va.ldez
Dist. of Columbia— John F. Costello.Washingtou
Hawaii— John H. Wilson Honolulu
Philippines— Robert E. Mauley Naga, Ambos
Porto Rico— Andres B. Cresas San Juan
Chairmen of State Committees (1918).
Alabama— J. K. Dixon Talladega
Arizona— George Babbitt Flagstaff
Arkansas— J. W. House, Jr Little Rock
California— O. K. Gushing San Francisco
Colorado— Philip Hornbein Denver
Connecticut— David E. Fitzgerald New Haven
Delaware— Harry T. Graham Wilmington
Florida— George P. Raney Tampa
Georgia— J. J. Flynt Griffin
Idaho— J. J. Day Moscow
Illinois— Ernest Hoover Taylorville
Indiana— Fred Van Nuys Indianapolis
Iowa— J. W. Reynolds Creston
Kansas— E. E. Murphy Leavemvortn
Kentucky— C. A. Hardin Harrodsburg
Louisiana— L. E. Thomas Shreveport
Maine— L. O. Tebbetts Waterville
Maryland— J. H. Wade Boonsboro
Massachusetts— .Michael O'Leary Boston
Michigan— Albert E. Stevenson Port Huron
Minnesota— D. D. Daly Minneapolis
Mississippi— S. W. Mullins Holly Springs
Missouri— B. M. Neale Greenfield
Montana— Hugh R. Wells Miles City
Nebraska— A. P. Sprague Lincoln
Nevada— John F. Kunz Reno
New Hampshire — Alexander Murchie Concord
New Jersey— C. F. McDonald Englishtown
New Mexico— Arthur Seligmau Santa Ft-
New York— J. A. Kellogg Syracuse
North Carolina— T. D. Warren Raleign
Ohio— S. M. Douglass :.. Mansfield
Oklahoma— Ben LaFayette Checotah
Oregon— H. G. Starkweather Portland
Pennsylvania— Lawrence H. Rupp Allentown
Rhode Island— F. E. Sullivan Providence
South Carolina— John Gary Evans Spartanburg
South Dakota— J. E. Kelley Colman
Tennessee— L. D. Hill Sparta
Texas— J. F. Shurtluff Hillsboro
Utah— W. R. Wallace Salt Lake City
Vermont— P. H. Pollard Winooski
Virginia— R. A. James Richmond
Washington— J. B. Fogarty Everett
West Virginia— C. L. Shaver Fairmont
Wisconsin— O. A. LaBudde Elkhart Lake
Wyoming— Ray E. Lee Cheyenne
PROHIBITION.
National Executive Committee.
Hearst building, Chicago, 111.
V. G. Hinshaw, chairman, Chicago. 111. ; W. G.
Calderwood, vice-chairman, Minneapolis, Minn. ;
Mrs. Frances E. Beauchamp, secretary. Lexing-
ton, Ky ; H. P. Faris. treasurer, Clinton, Mo. ;
Robert H. Patton. Springfield. 111. ; F. C. Hen-
drickson, Cumberland. Md. : E. L. G. Hohen-
thal. South Manchester. Conn ; Daniel A. Pol-
ing, Boston. Mass. ; Francis E. Baldwin. El-
mira. N. T.
National Committee.
Alabama— A. F. Lokey Birmingham
Dr. Isaac W. Higgs Citronelle
Arizona— Eugene W. Chafin Long Beach. Cal.
John Wix Thomas Phoenix
Arkansas— G. H. Kimball Little Rock
J. M. Parker Dardanelle
California — H. Clay Needham Los Angeles
Mrs. Annie E. K. Bidwell Chico
Colorado — John Hipp Denver
Otto Reinhardt Denver
Columbia, Dist. of— M. E. O'Brien... Washington
John R. Mahoney Washington
Connecticut— E. L. G. Hohenthal..S. Manchester
F. G. Platt New Britain
Delaware — L. W. Brosius Wilmington
William E. Hawkins Wilmington
Florida — John P. Coffin Johnstown
Mrs. Charlotte R. Coffin Johnstown
Georgia— (Vacancy )
Idaho— Col. James M. Ingersoll Pocatello
Lowell H. Coate Northgate, N. D.
Illinois— Robert H. Patton Springfield
Miss Marie Brehm Long Beach. Cal.
Indiana— J. Raymond Schmidt Indianapolis
Sumner W. Haynes Portland
Iowa — A. MacEachron Waterloo
Fred T. Stevenson Waukee
Kansas— O. A. Herbert Peabody
J. N. Woods Ottawa
Kentucky— Mrs. F. E. Beaucjiauip Lexington
William B. Gragg Somerset
Louisiana — ( Vacancy )
Maine— William I. Sterling Waterville
Frederick A. Shepherd Waterville
Maryland— Finley C. Hendrickson Cumberland
George R. Gorsuch Baltimore
Massachusetts— John B. Lewis Reading
Daniel A. Poling Boston
Michigan— Burton L. Rockwood Detroit
John F. Eesley i Plainwell
Minnesota— W. G. Calderwood Minneapolis
E. E. Lobeck Alexandria
Mississippi— B. F. Howard Gulfport
Missouri— H. P. Faris Clinton
Julius C. Hughes Richmond
Montana— ( Vacancy)
Nebraska— J. H. Currie Bradshaw
John Grant Snick Ord
Nevada — Rev. J. M. Swander Elko
New Hampshire — Ralph Meras Exeter
Arthur B. Simonds Franklin
New Jersey— Will D. Martin... Hasbrouck Heights
Jataes Gilbert Mason Metuchen
New Mexico — Dr. Randolph Cook Albuquerque
Dr. W. G. Bassett Des Moines
New York — Olin S. Bishop Utica
Francis E. Baldwin Elmira
North Carolina— Thomas P. Johnston Salisbury
Dr. J. M. Templeton Gary
North Dakota — George Lippman Granville
O. E. McOracken Fargo
Ohio— Aaron S. Watkins Columbus Grove
Hewson L. Peeke Sandusky
Oklahoma— Ernest Allison Smith Guthrie
J. E. Brewer Enid
Oregon— George L. Cleaver Imbler
J. P. Newell Portland
Pennsylvania— Dr. B. E. P. Prugh Harrisburg
David B. McCalmont Franklin
Rhode Island— Louis E. Remington Rumford
Frederic T. Jencks West Barrington
South Carolina — ( Vaca ncy )
South Dakota — C. V. Templeton Woonsocket
W. T. Rafferty Watertown
Tennessee — DP. Ira Landrith Memphis
Texas— P. F. Paige Dallas
H. L. Winchell Cisco
Utah— Prof. W. N. Jonas Cowley, Wyo.
Rev. Henry P. Olson Duluth. Minn.
Vermont— L. W. Hanson Montpelier
George S. Wood Pawlet
Virginia— E. R. Mclntyer Drewry's Bluff
France M. Hammond Trotitville
Washington— Walter F. McDowell Olympia
Mrs>. Nettie Hallenbeck Tacoma
West Virginia — Jay E. Cunningham Pennsboro
J. Goodloe Jackson Jane Lew
Wisconsin — A. J. Benjamin Milwaukee
H. H. Tubbs Elkhorn
Wyoming — J. R. Cortner Farmland. Ind.
A. B. Campbell Thermopolis
THE NATIONAL PARTY.
Founded Oct. 3-4, 1917.
Headquarters— 138 North LaSalle street. Chi-
cago, 111.; eastern division, 15 E;ist 40th
street. New York. N. Y.
Nat. Chairman — David C. Coates, Chicago, 111.
First Vice-Chairman — J. A. H. Houkins. New
York. N. Y.
Vice-Chairman — Miss Marie Brehm, Long"
Beach, Cal.
Secretary — George E. Dickson, 138 North La-
Salle street. Chicago, 111.
Treasurer— William F. Cochran, 1531 Mun«
eey building'. Baltimore, Md.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
279
Executive Committee,
J, A. H. Hopkins, Now York, chairman: W.
G. Calderwood. Minnesota: Frank A. Patti-
son. New Jersey; Demarest Lloyd, Massachu-
setts; W. R. Gaylord. Wisconsin: Dorr H.
Carroll, North Dakota; C. W. McClure, Geor-
gia: S. W. Bingham, Massachusetts; O. H. P.
Shelley, Montana; Prof. Robert D. Leigh,
Oregon; James A. Smith, Utah; Mrs. Sarah
E. Lyons, Minnesota; Mrs. F. E. Beauchamp,
Kentucky: Allen W. McCurdy. New York;
Gerritt T. Thorn, Wisconsin; Charles D.
Sharrow, Michigan; Mrs. E. L. Calkins,
Michigan; D. C. Finley, Missouri; Will Ever-
ett, Washington; Morton L. Johnson, Illi-
nois; Otto Cullman, Illinois: Mrs. Florence
Slown Hyde. Illinois: Arthur G. Wray, Ne-
braska: L. H. Trieschmann, Connecticut; E.
M. Winston. Illinois; John H. Hill. Illinois:
Wallace Thayer, New York.
Platform.
In the platform adopted in Chicago, March
6, 7 and 8, 1918. the party declares that its
aim is the attainment of democracy in gov-
ernment and industry. It is in favor of equal
suffrage, the initiative, referendum and re-
call, the shprt ballot, propprtional representa-
tion, prohibition, an executive budget, amend-
ed election laws, cabinet responsibility, absen-
tee voting, freedom of speech and press,
prison reform, uniform divorce laws, public
ownership, municipal ownership, democratic
taxation, extension of the postal system, abo-
lition of speculation, and legislation in aid of
labor.
SOCIALIST.
National Headquarters— 803 West Madison
street, Chicago. 111.
Natipnal Executive Secretary— Adolpb. Germer,
Chicago, 111.
International Secretary — Morris Hillquit. New
York. N. Y.
National Executive Committee.
Morris Hillquit, New York, N. Y.
James Oneal, New York, N. Y.
Abraham Shiplacoff, Brooklyn. N. Y.
George H. Goebel, Newark, N. J.
Frederick A. Kraftt, Ridgefield, N. J.
Alfred Wagenknecht, Brecksville, O.
Victor L. Berger, Milwaukee, Wis.
Seymour Stedman, Chicago, 111.
John M. Work, Milwaukee, Wis.
Stanley J. Clark, Chicago, 111.
Dan Hogan, Huntington, Ark.
Fred W. Holt, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Emil Herman, Everett, Wash.
L. E. Katterfeld, Dighton, Kas.
Walter Thomas Mills, Berkeley, Cal.
SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY.
National Secretary — Arnold Petersen, 45 Rose
street. New York. N. Y.
National Executive Committee.
Sidney Armer, 417 Montgomery street. San
Francisco, Cal.; J. P. Johnson, 101 Green-
wood street. New Haven. Conn.: John M.
Francis. 266 N. East street, Du Quoin, HI.;
Ernest Viewegh, 1318 N. Haugh street, In-
dianapolis. Ind.; John Sweeney, '10 Ashley
street, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; Samuel John-
son, 1023 Fremont street. St. Paul, Minn.;
Henry J. Poelling, 2458 E. Union avenue.
St. Louis, Mo.; John C. Butterworth, 110
Albion avenue, Paterson, N. J. ; Patrick E.
De Lee. 152 4th street. Troy. N. Y.: John
D. Goerke. 306 Superior avenue, N. E..
Cleveland, O.; G. G. Anton, 4310 Otter
street, Philadelphia, Pa.: Donald L. Munro,
1020 Bay street, Portsmouth, Va.; Thomas
Taylor, 1318% Pacific avenue, Tacoma,
Wash.; Albert Schnabel, 1397 16th street,
Milwaukee. Wis.: Joseph Czaplio, 34 Lehigh
avenue, Bethlehem. Pa.: M. Silling. 5914
Mervine street, Philadelphia, Pa.: F. Han-
son, 89 Kenmore road, Medford, Mass.; Jor-
dan Bacheff. 584 East 137th street. New
York. N. Y.
PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1800.
[From reports of the bureau of statistics, department of commerce and other sources.]
1800.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1900.
1917.
Area (Cont'l U.S.) sq.m.
Population
843,255
5,308,483
'82,976,294
26,500,000
2,995,536
21191.876
7.185,780.000
63,452,774
278,761,982
3.026,789
31,443,321
16,159,616.000
59.964.402
435,407,252
3,026,789
38.558,371
30.068,518.000
2.381,109.956
675,212,794
642,261,663
649,874,358
3.026,789
50,165,783
42.642.000,000
1.919.326,748
973,382,228
833,701,034
819,106,973
3,026,789
75,994,575
88,517,306,775
1,107,711.258
2,055.150.998
2.458,092,758
2,389,719,954
3,026,789
•105.869,000
+187.739,000.000
$1,908,135,223
6,721,433,020
69.521,648,000
§5.418,022,275
} 120,840,819
140,991.449,096
1120.672.051.870
8.658.516.510
$225,962,393
3,694,703,33*
7,874,386,325
5440,276,880
HOT, 108.437
5160,818.408
2,946.0.r)!»,403
5,847,169,678
§84,456,600
$61,139.600
**»26,873.371
*12,682,220,636
••89.434.797
••42.773.680
**860.647
§285,578,000
§660328,000
§3,169.494.000
§11.044.227
••266,031
§55,413
(829,726.116
§42,760
110,i518
Wealth dols.
Debt dols.
Money in circul'n.dols.
Deposits, b'k.n't'l.dols.
Deposits, savings. dols.
Dep'slts, uost'lsav.dols.
43,431,130
149,277,504
If arms, value dols.
Manufact'res.val.dols.
3,967',343,586
1,019,106.610
43,592,889
39,668,686
"40,948,383
9,687,025
7.904,725
1,866.886
173,509.526
144,375.726
50,000.000
50.900
6,266,233
""563,755
7,980.493,060
1,885.861,676
56.054 ,000
53,187,512
""'63,130.598
16,472.203
11,514,650
1,100,802
353,61 6. 119
833,576.057
46,000.000
156,800
13.044.680
21,000.000
821,223
8,944,857,749
4.232.325.442
395.959,834
194.588,374
184.899,756
293,657,005
57,655.675
21.780,230
28,340.202
435.958,408
392,771,768
50,000,000
16.434,000
29.496,054
220.951,290
1,665,179
68,750
12.600
162,000.000
235,884,700
1,094.255.000
4,352.317
62,922
28.492
19,772.221
13,333
387.203
12,180.501,538
6,368,579,191
3IS.526.501
186,522.065
124.1109,374
264.847,637
38,116,916
13.536,985
56,777,174
667.954.746
835,638,658
36,000.000
34.717.000
63,822.830
1,104,017,166
3,835.191
1,247.335
27,000
232,500,000
498.549,868
1,717.434.543
6,605,750
93.267
42,989
33,315,479
J 3,947
457,257
20,514,001,838
13,004,400.143
567.240,852
233,164.871
295,327,927
487,713,792
134.774,768
65,953.078
140,877,316
849,941,184
1,394,483,082
79,171.006
35,741,100
240.789.310
2,672,0(12,218
13,789.242
10,188.329
270.588
2S8,636,62]
522,229,505
2,105,102,516
10,246.602
198,964
76,688
103,354,579
26,499
448.572
Itteceipts— Net ord.dols.
10,848,749
9.080,983
809,397
10,818,971
2,560,879
3,448,716
64,131
9l,252,7fi8
70,971,780
Internal reven..dols.
Expend.— Net ord.dols.
War dols.
Navy dols.
Imports, mdse dols.
Exports, mdse dols.
Product'n of gold. dols.
Silver dols.
Coal tons
Petroleum ....gallons
Pig iron tons
::::::::::
Copper tons
Wool Ibs.
Wheat bushels
650
52,516.959
100.485.914
592,071.104
2,454.442
9,021
18.417
5,499,984
993
369.980
7.200
60,264.918
173,104.924
838,792.740
3,849.469
30,626
28.498
8,619,067
4,778
150.237
Corn bushels
Cotton bales
153,509
""BOS
280,804
Railroads miles
Postoflices No
P. O. receipts dols.
Patents issued. .»... No.
Immigrants .No.
•Estimated July 1. tin 1912. JNet debt, June 30. 1917. §In 191T. JiCensu^ of 1910. **In 1916.
280
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Compiled by the
State.
Election
POPULAR VOTE FOB
bureau of statistics from ref
ington.
Rep. Dem. Pro
Hughes. Wilson.
22 809 99 409 ...
Kcturns.
. PRESIDENT (1916).
orts on file in the department of sta
D. C.
g. Pro. Soc. S.-L. ^Pluralities-x
Hanlj. Benson. h«iimtr. Dem. Rep.
1.034 1,925 76,600 .
1.153 3,174 12.646
2,015 6,999 65,000 .
. 27,698 43,259 3,806
2,793 10,049 7R sns
te, Wash-
tTotal
vote.
131,177
58,021
168,310
999,551
293,966
213,874
51.810
80,803
158,690
134,615
2,192,707
718,848
516,495
629,813
519,947
92,982
136,407
262,059
531,817
648.507
387,364
86,159
786,762
177,675
286,177
33,316
89,123
495,536
66.967
1,706,354
289,912
108,677
1,165,086
292,416
261,340
1,297,097
87,816
63,531
128,942
272,194
372,461
142,915
64,465
153,990
381,030
289,842
449,377
51,840
Arizona
20 524 33 170
Arkansas
47 148 112 148
California
462 394 466 200
Colorado
102.308 178,816
Connecticut
106 514 99 786
1 789 5 179
606
6,728
1.258
202,320
6,942
58.750
Delaware
26.011 24,753
566 480
Florida
14 611 55 984
4 855 5 353
2 488
41,373
114.620
14.686
11 225 125 845 20 65
j ggT
55 368 70 054
1 127 8 066
Illinois
1,152549 950,229 ....
26 047 61 394
Indiana
341,005 334,063 3.89
280,449 221,699
8 16.368 21,855
3.371 10.976
. 12,882 24,685
1,659
Kansas
277,658 314,588
36 930
Kentucky
241,854 269,990
3,036 4,734
) ... 292
333
28.136
73.409
6,466 79,875 634
"5'.379
69,506 64,127 .
597 2.177
2.903 2.674
2,993 11.058
8.139 16.120
) 7.793 20.117
1.484
3,884 14.612
i 9.564
2,952 7,141
348 3,065
303 1,318
117,347 138359
756
1,097
21.012
268 784 247 885
20,899
53.946
392
339 097 285 151
179,544 179,152 291
468
'"902
4 253 80 422
76.169
28.686
34.313
41.570
5 649
369 339 398 025
66,750 101,063 29
117,257 158,827
12,127 17,776 ....
43,723 43779
56
269,352 211,645
3.187 10,462
112 1.999
! 19.031 45.944
51 490
890
'2'. 666
57.707
io&',689
31.163 33,693
2.530
'47 395
869,115 759,426 10,17
120,988 168,383
North Dakota
53.471 55,206
1 735
Ohio
514,753 604,161
8.080 38,092
I 1,646 45.190
4,729 9,711
89.408
50.880
"6.126
181.950
4.464
"5!026
97.233 148,113 23'
126.813 120,087
703,734 521,784
28,525- 42.637
470 1.914
135
417
180
Rhode Island
44.858 40,394
1550 61,846
60.296
64,217 59,191
1,774 3,760
116 223 153,282
147 2.542
1.985 18.963
149 4.460
709 798
783 1.060
6,868 22.800
175 6,140
7.166 27.846
373 1.453
37 059
Texas
64.999 286,514 . ..
'"144
221,515
29,888
Utah
54,137 84 025
40,250 22,708 . ..
17.542
Virginia
'49,356 102,8l!4 . ..
67
730
53.468
16,144
167 244 183,388 . . .
West Virginia
143 124 140 403
2.721
28.281
221,323 193,042 . ..
Wyoming
21.698 28,316 . ..
6.618
Total ..
8,538,221 9.129,606 41.89'
t 220.506 585.113 13,403
1.362,105
j cast fo
Wlllon.
.. 1565
770,720 18,528,743
r names not ap-
Hughes. Benson. Han 17
23 7 4
1190 33 14
147 9 7
108 3 —
862 73 7
697 18 15
984 39 7
713 23 12
9 — —
15 1 2
141 27 5
466 46 14
567 32 16
2052 296 95
303 4 29
369 47 13
43 4 116
42 30 5
92 19 13
911
43 2 1
215 45 8
19 1 1
807 1 8
1183 33 10
Plurality
591,385
*No candidate,
pearing on anx of
Counties.
Population (67)
in 1910.
tFigures do not include blank or void ballots or vote
the electoral tickets specified in the table.
ALABAMA (Populati
, President 1916 ,,
Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.
Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Hani;
773 99 11 5
on, 1916, 2,333,608).
Population.
53401 Dallas
28261 DeKalb .
.. 1787
28245 Elmore ..
.. 1631
18178 Baldwin
766 216 148 10
18889 Escambia
39109 Etowah .
.. 982
1235 45 13 12
.. 1883
22791 Bibb
1247 217 106 17
16248 Fayette .
.. 1026
21456 Blount
1488 1229 26 6
19369 Franklin .
.. 1044
30196 Bullock
743 4 2
26230 Geneva ..
.. 1265
29030 Butler
1162 78 * 6 3
22717 Greene ..
.. 383
2231 44° 29 25
27883 Hale
.. 795
36056 Chambers
1679 168 7 14
20943 Henrv ...
.. 860
1136 508 27 5
32414 Houston
32918 Jackson . .
.. 1670
23187 Chilton
881 1363 40 14
.. 1907
18483 Chcctaw
765 21 12 2
326470 Jefferson
27487 Lamar ..
30936 Lauderdale
..10677
30987 Clarke
1397 25 12 —
1299
.. 1678
13385 Cleburne . . .
26119 Coffee
. 760 578 5 9
2029 426 17 4
21984 Lawrence
22867 Lee
995
.. 1369
24802 Colbert
21433 Coneeuh
16634 Coosn
1132 . 352 44 1
1036 42 17 2
. 867 485 34 3
1738 305 107 24
16880 Limestone
31894 Lowndes
26049 Macon
47041 Madison
540
575
.. 2206
2331S Crenshaw . .
28321 Cullman ....
21873 Dale
.. 1427 139 5 7
1396 1351 9 7
.. 1260 597 4 9
39923 Mareneo .
17495 Marion ...
28553 Marshall .
1491
1325
.. 1944
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
281
Population. "Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Hanly
80854 Mobile 2968 832 75 21
Population. Wilson. Hushes. Benson. Hanly
8130 Coconino 1171 802 77 22
27155 Monroe 1029 17 2 1
16780 Gilu . 3686 1495 510 42
82178 Montgomery 3316 106 19 11
23547 Graham ... . 1597 497 119 44
33781 Morgan 2120 364 44 38
Greenlee (new) 1492 672 156 14
31222 Perry 895 20 12 1
34488 Maricopa . 7634 5747 574 685
25055 Pickens 1179 218 18 4
3773 Mohave 1335 643 243 5
30815 Pike 1789 50 11 6
11491 Navajo 1240 574 25 42
24659 Randolph 1324 652 4 5
22818 Pima 2079 2616 150 77
25937 Russell 752 3 4 —
9045 Pinal . . . 1232 855 60 32
26949 Shelby 1311 1428 8 9
6766 Santa Cruz 726 666 42 8.
20715 St. Clair 987 851 53 8
15996 Yavapai 2893 1716 331 43
28699 Sumter 770 8 6 —
7733 Yuma . . 1G22 727 177 14
37921 Talladega 1539 447 4 6
31034 Tallapoosa 1892 129 33 3
Total .. . . 33170 20524 3174 1153
47559 Tuscaloosa 2437 218 41 12
Plurality 12646
37013 Walker 2314 1860 107 20
Per cent. .. ..5616 3537 547 198
14454 Washington 500 32 2 4
Total vote . 58021
33810 Wilcox 866 1 — —
For president In 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
10,174 votes; Taft, Rep., 2,975; Roosevelt, Prog..
6,881; Debs. Soc., 3,139; Chafln, Pro., 265.
For Governor, 1918.
Thomas E Campbell Rep 25 927
12855 Winston 727 1107 6 7
Total 99409 28809 1925 1102
Plurality 70600
Per cent 75.75 21.96 1.47 .82
Total vote 131245
Fred T. Colter, Dem 25588
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
82,438 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 22,680; Taft, Rep.,
9,732, and Debs. Soc., 3,029.
In 1918 Thomas B. Kirby, Dem., was elected
governor and J. H. Bankhead, Dem., U. S.
senator.
For Representatives in Congress, 1916.
1. The counties of Choctaw, Clarke, Marengo,
Mobile, Monroe and Washington.
Oscar L. Gray, Dem 8,539
George D. Smith, Soc 444
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Carl Hayden, Dem 26,885
Thomas Maddock Rep 16,822
P. T. Robinson Soc 754
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Democrats 14 26 40
Republicans 5 9 14
State Officers.
Governor— Thomas E. Campbell, Rep.
Secretary of State — Mitt Simms, Dem.
State Auditor — Jesse L. ,Boyce, Dem.
State Treasurer— Harry S. Rose, Dem.
Attorney-General—Wiley E. Jones, Dem.
Supt. Public Instruction — C. O. Case, Dem.
Corporation Commissioner — David F. Johnson,
Dem.
State Mine Inspector— G. H. Bolin, Dem.
ARKANSAS (Population, 1916, 1,739,723).
Counties. ,-Pres.. 1916-^ , — Pres., 1912. — >
Population (75) Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep, Prog.
in 1910. Wilson. Hughes. Wilson. Taft. Roosevelt
16103 Arkansas .... 1119 613.. 869 249 305
2526S Ashley 1518 462.. 1039 439 346
10389 Baxter . 908 316 536 142 17&
2. The counties of Baldwin, Butler, Conecuh,
Covlngton, Crenshaw, Escambia, Montgomery,
Pike and Wilcox.
S. H. Dent, Jr., Dem 13,409
E. H Titus Soc 404
3. The counties of Barbour, Bullock. Coffee. Dale,
Geneva. Henry, Houston, Lee and Russell.
Henry B. Steagall, Dem 12,681
4. The counties of Calhoun, Chilton, Cleburne,
Dallas, Shelby and Talladega.
J. B Atkinson, Rep 2,055
5. The counties of Autauga, Chambers, Clay,
Coosa, Elrnore, Lowndes, Macon. Randolph and
Tallapoosa.
J. Thomas Heflin, Dem 8,918
W. D. Harwell, Rep 2,039
6. The counties of Bibb, Greene, Hale, Perry,
Sumter and Tuscaloosa.
W. B. Oliver, Dem 6620
33389 Benton 3106 1289.. 2353 541 660
14318 Boone 1412 598.. 965 280 276
14518 Bradley 1159 314.. 772 137 177
9894 Calhoun 929 273.. 438 72 147
16829 Carroll 1512 1034.. 919 464 358
7. The counties of Cherokee, Cullman, DeKalb,
Etowah, Blount, Marshall and St. Clair.
John L Burnett Dem 10 894
21987 Chicot 561 473.. 419 89 308
T. H. Davidson, Rep 7,231
ft. The counties of Colbert, Lauderdale, Lawrence,
Limestone, Madison, Morgan and Jackson.
E B. Almon, Dem 11,762
23686 Clark 1797 824.. 1051 376 262
23690 Clay 1949 971.. 1299 622 358
11903 Cleburne .... 862 271.. 517 138 118
13481 Cleveland ... 1126 230.. 685 275 98
23820 Columbia .... 2073 720.. 1101 340 157
22729 Con way 1401 1030.. 1435 527 364
27627 Craighead ... 1951 543.. 1259 269 229
23942 Crawford ... 1622 1195.. 969 407 423
22447 Crittenden .. 562 89.. 423 89 285
14042 Cross 927 252 491 293 234
9. The county of Jefferson.
George Huddleston, Dem » 11,139
Francis Latady, Rep 1,565
10. The counties of Pickens, Fayette, Franklin,
Lamar, Marion, Winston and Walker.
12621 Dallas 1146 524.. 654 228 406
15274 Desha 960 369.. 314 52 161
21960 Drew 1626 836.. 882 424 194
N. H. Freeman 'Rep 6,813
23708 Faulkner 2030 816.. 1316 402 264
20638 Franklin .... 1671 582.. 1113 258 194
12193 Fulton 1096 388.. 590 153
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
27271 Garland 1669 1055.. 1046 300 533
Progressives 1 1
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Thomas E. Kirby.
Secretary of State— John Purifoy.
State Treasurer— W. L. Lancaster.
28285 Hempstead .. 2097 1225.. 1248 836 468
15022 Hot Springs. 1429 645.. 668 248 247
16898 Howard 1317 545.. 760 321 187
24776 Independence. 1987 762.. 1225 412 395
ARIZONA (Population, 1916, 355,544).
Counties. , President 1916 ,,
Population (14) Dem. Rep. Soe. Pro.
ID 1910. Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Hanlj
9196 Apache 648 311 16 5
23501 Jackson 1349 473.. 837 543 159
52734 Jefferson .... 2172 921.. 1659 579 753
19698 Johnson 1477 573.. 926 189 236
13741 Lafayette ... 889 368.. 498 208 165
20001 Lawrence ... 1706 298.. 929 218 167
24252 Lee .. ,848 353.. 968 665 194
34591 Cochise 6115 3203 694 120
282
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Population. Wilson. HughM. Wilson. Taft. Roosevelt
15118 Lincoln 884 448. 390 292 152
13597 Little River.. 842 364. 615 232 87
26350 Logan 2016 1185. 1319 333 765
CALIFORNIA (Population, 1916, 2,938,654).
Counties. , President 1916 x
Population (58) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
6 1S10. Hughe*. Wilson. Benson. Hanlj
27983 Lonoke 2176 515. 1129 254 425
16056 Madison 1456 1332. 932 786 231
10203 Marion 781 274. 537 160 145
30C Alpine 60 23
9086 Amador 1209 1766 136 38
19555 Miller 1418 402.. 846 331 195
30468 Mississippi .. 1249 417. 767 263 183
19907 Monroe 741 508. 537 400 201
27301 Butte 8956 4888 445 389
9171 Gala veras 1175 1524 136 38
12455 Montgomery.. 937 432. 471 221 202
19344 Nevada 1375 651. 607 322 268
10612 Newton 550 675. 290 285 247
21774 Ouachita .... 1390 970. 913 793 131
9402 Perry 976 435. 522 163 216
31674 Contra Costa 5731 6092 912 302
2417 Del Norte 499 471 141 25
7492 El Dorado 1068 1755 186 33
75657 Fresno 11707 14241 1675 912
33535 Phillips 1466 552. 826 198 189
7172 Glenn 1342 1797 109 94
33857 Humboldt 5786 4103 1070 361
12791 Poinsett 1174 611. 593 205 157
17216 Polk 1240 443. 694 162 409
13591 Imperial 2694 3273 368 329
6974 Inyo 846 986 153 52
37715 Kern 5611 9566 567 251
13853 Prairie 1061 655. 647 377 103
86751 Pulaski 6004 2594 3369 1044 1547
16230 Kings 2221 2905 259 220
5526 Lake ,. 791 1164 182 96
18987 Randolph ... 1553 458. 997 264 178
1G657 Saline 1567 231 814 164 149
4802 Lassen 877 1323 146 30
504131 Los Angeles 135554 114070 8097 10061
14309 Scott 1362 487 640 206 225
8368 Madera 1323 1880 187 89
14825 Searcy 629 919 438 389 180
25114 Matin 4328* 3789 425 106
52278 Sebastian ... 3716 1366. 2395 514 748
16616 Sevier 1262 232 792 173 166
3956 Mariposa 451 802 93 29
23929 Mendocino 3494 3371 456 150
11688 Sharp . . 971 251. 681 114 194
15148 Merced 2132 2637 293 182
22548 St. Francis.. 960 395. 563 296 273
8946 Stone ... 681 298. 337 113 90
6191 Modoc 768 1222 84 29
2042 Mono 137 158 27 5
20723 Union 1689 273. 1088 153 135
24140 Monterey 3599 3878 371 191
23509 Van Buren... 1269 737. 675 254 266
33889 Washington.. 2922 1625. 1881 565 552
15574 White 2815 673. 1448 370 481
19800 Napa 3914 3088 308 155
14955 Nevada 1586 2548 286 90
34436 Orange . ... 10609 6474 648 1020
30049 Woodruff .... 935 438. 903 473 258
26323 Yell 2099 781. 1461 426 438
18237 Placer 1954 3375 322 148
5259 Plumas 663 1025 106 24
Total 111957 47148. 68838 24467 21673
Plurality .... 64809 . 44371
Per cent .... 66.65 28.04. 55.50 19.73 17.48
Total vote... 168780 . 124029
For president in 1916 Benson, Soc., received
6,999 votes and Hanly, Pro., 2,015. For president
In 1912 Chafin, Pro. received 898 votes and Debs,
Soc.. 8.153.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Joe T. Robinson. Dem 78,377
67806 Sacramento 10696 14538 853 546
8041 San Bonito 1440 1688 94 40
56706 San Bernardino.... 11932 9398 809 1410
61665 San Diego 16978 16815 1627 ' 1132
416912 San Francisco 63093 78225 6358 1404
50731 San Joaquin 7861 11454 801 557
19383 San Luis Obispo... 2854 3539 565 159
26585 San Mateo E207 4485 554 179
27738 Santa Barbara.... 4463 5198 479 347
83539 Santa Clara 16592 14185 1023 887
For Governor, 1918.
Charles H. Brough, Dem 68,192
26140 Santa Cruz 4228 4511 386 324
18920 Shasta 2008 2828 452 113
4098 Sierra 360 594 56 9
Clay Fulks, Soc '. 4,792
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Olay, Cratghead. Crittenden, Cross.
Greene, Lee, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, St.
Francis and Waodruff.
T. H. Caraway, Dem 10,343
27i>59 Solano 3536 5678 330 192
48394 Sonoma 9733 8377 937 293
22522 Stanislaus 4401 5490 743 1067
£328 Suttef 1211 1543 81 49
11401 Tehama 1739 2534 345 181
2. Counties of Stone, Sharp, Randolph, Lawrence,
Fulton, Izard, Independence, White. Cleburne.
Jackson, Prairie and Monroe,
W. A. Oldfield. Dem 10,775
3301 Trinity 424 661 104 17
35440 Tulare 6845 7299 913 533
9979 Tuolumne 1057 1584 242 44
18347 Ventura 3980 2835 266 138
3. Counties of Washington, Benton, Madison
Carroll, Newton, Boone, Searcy, Baxter, Marion
and Van Buren.
J. N. Tillman, Dem 14 995
13926 Yolo 2334 2922 170 78
10042 Yuba 1530 19SO 102 31
Total 462516 466289 43263 27713
4. Counties of Crawford. Logan, Sebastian, Scott.
Polk, Sevier, Howard. Pike, Little River,
Miller and Montgomery.
Otis A. Wingo. Dem 12279
Plurality 3773
Per cent 46.26 46.64 4.33 2.77
Total vote 999781
For president in 1912 Roosevelt, Prog., received
283.610 votes; Wilson. Dem., 283,436: Debs. Soc.,
79,201; Chafin, Pro., 23,326; Taft, Rep., 3,914.
For Governor, 1918.
William D. Stephens, Rep., Prog., Pro 387.547
Henry H. Roser, Soc 29,003
5. Counties of Franklin, Johnson, Pope, Yell,
Oonway, Faulkner. Perry and Pulaski.
H. M. Jacoway Dem ; 11,045
6; Counties of Desha, Garland, Hot Springs. Sa-
line. Dallas. Grant. Cleveland, Lincoln, Drew,
Jefferson, Arkansas and lonoke.
Samuel M. Taylor Dem 10,443
Theodore A. Bell, Ind 251,189
T. Counties of Hempstead. Clark, Nevada, Colum-
bia, Union. Ouachita, Calhoun, Bradley, Ash-
ley, Chicot and Lafayette.
W. S. Goodwin. Dem 8,962
James Rolph, Jr., Write-in 20,605
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino,
Glenn, Butte, Lake, Colusa, Yuba, Sutler, Sono-
ma and Marin.
Clarence F Lea Dem 42,063
Legislature.
The legislature has four republicans ; remainder
democrats.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— Charles H. Brougli.
Secretary of State— Tom J. Terral.
Treasurer— Rufus G. McDaniel.
2. Counties of Modoc, Siskiyou, Trinity, Shasta,
Lassen, Teliama, Plumas, Sierra, Nevada,
Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Calaveras, Alpine.
Tvolumne and Mariposa.
John E. Raker. Dem 28,243
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
283
3. Counties of Yolo, Napa. Sacramento. Solano,
Contra Costa and San Joaquin.
C. F. Curry, Rep. -Dem 51,690
Population. Wilson. Hughea. Prog. Hanly. Benson
2899 Kiowa 936 723 6 21 141-
7483 Kit Carson.. 1571 1030 1 30 147
10600 Lake 2672 993 7 190 38
A. K. Clifford. Soc 4,746
4. San Francisco (part).
Julius Kiihn, Rep 33.476
10812 La Plata 2590 1029 3 21 158
25270 Larimer .... 4868 2797 7 94 417
33643 Las Anlrnas. 5300 3511 41 43 152
5917 Lincoln 1702 1129 4 S3 119
9549 Logan 2679 1422 8 23 111
William Short. Soc 30,745
5- San Francisco (part).
John I. Nolan, Rep. -Dem 40,375
22197 Mesa 4394 2223 3 231 5.44
1239 Mineral 278 135 — 2 48
Moffat 740 512- 2 4 31
Thomas F. Feeley. Soc 6,032
6. County of Alameda.
J. A. Elston, Rep.-Dem 57,087
5029 Montezuma.. 1458 425 — 9 76
10291 Montrose ... 2571 1315 1 40 252
9577 Morgan .... 2371 1541 4 29 ill
Luella Twining, Soc 7,721
7. Counties of Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fres-
no, Kings, Tulare and Kern.
H. E. Barbour, Rep 33,476
3514 Ouray 961 399 2 3 56
2492 Park 674 372 3 2 28
3179 Phillips .... 795 532 2 9 56
4566 Pitkin 915 263 2 3 100
8. Counties of San Mateo, Santa Cruz. Santa
Clara, San Benito, Monterey, San Luis Obispo,
Santa Barbara and Ventura.
Everis A. Hayes, Rep 27,641
9520 Prowers .... 2168 1683 2 61 244
52223 Pueblo 10710 6545 18 137 731
2332 Rio Blanco.. 702 468 — 4 12
6553 Rio Grande. 1756 886 2 26 47
7561 Routt 1972 849 1 16 114
Hugh S. Hersman, Dem 31,167
4160 Saguaehe ... 1254 681 4 5 46
3063 San Juan.... 693 214 2 7 74
4700 San Miguel. 1325 578 3 7 71
3061 Sedgwick ... 519 529 6 8 67
2003 Summit ... 717 268 — 7 28
9. Los Angeles (part).
Charles H. Randall, Pro.-Dem 38 782
Montaville Flowers, Rep 31,689
Grace S. Henry, Soc 2,718
10. Los Angeles (part).
H. Z. Osborne, Rep.-Dem.-Pro 72.773
6002 Washington. 1748 989 3 29 129
39177 Weld 8600 5395 6 208 324
8499 Yuma 2466 1436 4 31 224
11. Counties of San Bernardino, Mono, Inyo,
Riverside, Orange, San Diego and Imperial.
William Kettner, Dem.-Rep.-Soe 45,915
Total 178816 102308 409 2793 10049
Plurality ... 76508
Per cent 60.75 34.75 .14 .95 3.41
Total vote.. 294375
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
114,232 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 72,306; Taft, Rep.,
58,386; Debs, Soc., 16,418; Chafin, Pro., 5,063;
Reimer, Soc.-Lab.. 475.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Lawrence C. Phipps, Rep 107726
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Independents 1 0 1
State Officers.
Governor— William D. Stephens, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — C. C. Young, Rep.
Secretary of State — Frank C. Jordan, Rep.
Controller— John S. Chambers', Rep.
Treasurer— Friend William Richardson, Rep.
Attorney-General— U. S. Webb, Rep.
Surveyor-General— W. S. Kingsbury, Rep.
John F. Shafroth. Dem 104,347
Richardson, Soc 6,606
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. City and county of Denver.
COLORADO (Population, 1916, 962,060).
Counties. , President 1916 ,,
Population (63) Dem. Rep. Prog. Pro. Soc.
in 1910. 'Wilson. Hughes. Hanly. Benson
8892 Adams 1308 488 2 4 64
A'amosa ... 2652 1443 19 12 129
10263 Arapahoe .. 2120 1165 3 21 125
3302 Archuleta .. 830 473 8 3 11
2516 Baca 1294 826 6 24 208
'William N. Vaile, Rep 27815
Stack, Dem 16364
Underbill Soc . 1 039
2. Counties of Adams. Arapahoe. Boulder, Chey-
enne, Douglas, El Paso, Kit Carson, Larimer,
Lincoln. Logan. Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick,
Washington, Weld and Yuma.
Charles B. Timberlake. Rep 41,562
R. E. Jones, Dem 26044
5043 Bent 1473 833 3 30 55
3. Counties of Alamosa. Baca, Bent, Clear Creek,
Conejos, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Fremont,
Gilpin, Huerfano, Jefferson, Kiowa, Mineral,
Otero, Park, Prowers, Pueblo, Rio Grande,
Saguaehe and Teller.
Edward Keating, Dem 29075
30330 Boulder 7419 3986 21 163 482
7622 Chaffee 2546 864 4 21 78
3687 Cheyenne .. 802 558 2 10 82
5001 Clear Creek. 1289 474 3 1 32
11285 Conejos 1721 928 11 5 6
5498 Costilla 1028 579 30 9 25
Crowley .... 1160 847 6 29 51
1947 Custer 539 403 2 5 35
Guy W. Hardy, Rep 31715
Holcomb, Soc 1453
4. Counties of Archuleta, Chaffee, Delta, Dolores,
Eagle, Garfleld, Grand, Gunnison, Hinsdale,
Jackson, Lake, La Plata, Mesa, Moffat, Monte-
Burna, Montrose, Ouray. Pitkin. Rio Blanco,
Routt, San Juan, San Miguel and Summit.
Edward T. Taylor, Dem 22,423
13688 Delta 2817 1612 5 61 282
213381 Denver 43029 23185 63 409 1896
642 Dolores 251 46 — — 30
3192 Douglas .... 820 612 1 5 13
2985 Eagle 1136 397 — 7 36
5331 Elbert 1230 951 9 19 90
43321 El Paso 8381 7159 24 321 552
18181 Fremont .... 3395 2257 1 69 243
10144 Garfleld 2479 1139 — 36 161
4131 Gilpin 763 407 1 5 15
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 17 37 54
Democrats 17' 28 45
ISO? Grand 624 378 1 3 11
5897 Gunnison ... 1618 736 2 11 115
646 Hinsdale ... 178 94 — 1 29
13320 Huerfano ... 2632 2027 12 31 25
1013 Jackson 331 157 — 4 5
14231 Jefferson ... 3368 2040 6 21 139
State Officers.
Governor— O. H. Shoup, Rep.
Secretary of State— James R. Noland, Dem.
Treasurer— Robert H. Higgins, Dem.
Attorney-General—Leslie E. Hubbard, Dem.
284
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
CONNECTICUT (Population, 1916, 1,344,479) .
Counties. . ,-Pres. 1916-,
Population (8) Dem. Rep.
in 1910. Wileon. Hurtes
245322 Fairfleld 20873 25962
250182 Hartford 24398 23265
70260 Litcufield 6183 7288
45637 Middlesex 3765 4524
337282 New Haven 30416 30175
91253 New London 8322 8283
26459 Tolland 2032 2758
48361 Windham 3797 4259
Total 99786 106514
Plurality 6728
Per cent 46.6 49.S
Total vote 213874
For president In 1916 Benson. Soc., received
5,179 votes; Hanly/ Pro., 1,789, and Reimer, Soc.-
Lab.. 606.
For president In 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
74,561 votes; Taft, Rep., 68,324; Roosevelt, Prog..
34,129; Chafin, Pro., 2,068; Debs, Soc., 10,056;
Reimer, Soc. -Lab., 1,260.
For United States Senator, 1916.
McLean, Rep 107,020
Cummings, Dem 98,649
Plunkett, Soc 5,279
Manchester, Pro 1,768
Huckser, Soc.-Lab 619
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. County of Hartford.
Augustine Lonergan, Dem 21,169
George A. Quigley. Rep 16,868
2. Counties of Tolland, Windham, New London
and Middlesex.
Richard P. Freeman, Rep 16,251
Frank P. Fenton. Dem 13,467
3. County of New Haven (except twelve towns').
John Q. Tilson, Rep 17,401
Arthur B. O'Keefe. Dem 15.711
4. County of Fairfield.
Schuyler Merritt, Rep 19.008
Lester O. Peck. Dem 15.386
5. County of Litchfleld and twelve towns of New
Haven county.
James P. Glynn. Rep 13,455
James L. Seery. Dem 12,640
Legislature.
The legislature is republican in both branches.
State Officers.
Governor — Marcus H. Holcomb, Rep.'
Secretary— Frederick L. Perry, Rep.
Treasurer— Frederick S. Chamberlin. Rep.
Comptroller— Morris C. Webster, Rep.
DELAWARE (Population, 1916, 213,380).
Counties. r- Pres., 1916. -> ,-Pres., 1912.^
Population (3) Dem. Rep. Dein. Pros. Rep.
in 1910. Wil«on. Hushes. \VUnon.RooMvelt. Taft
32721 Kent 4210 3815.. 4071 567 3192
123188 New Castle... 14894 16166.. 13009 7091 8342
46413 Sussex 5649 6032.. 5551 1229 4466
Total 24,753 26013.. 22631 8S87 15000
Plurality 1260.. 6631
Per cent 47.71 50.14.. 9.53 19.45 28.46
Total vote.... 51876 45693
For president in 1916, Hanly, Pro., received
6SO votes and Benson. Soc., 480: in 1912 Debs,
Soc., received 556 votes and Chafin, Pro., 623.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Lewis Heisler Ball, Rep 21.519
Willard Saulsbury, Dem 20,113
William H. Conner. Soc 420
For Representative in Congress, 19 IS.
Albert F. Polk. Dem 19.652
Caleb R. Layton, Rep 21.226
William H. Crawford. Soc 420
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 6 12 17
Republicans 12 23 35
State Officers.
Governor — John G. Townsend, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — Lewis E. Eliason, Dem.
State Treasurer— George M. Fisher, Rep.
Auditor — Daniel Thompson, Rep.
Attorney-General—David G. Reinhardt, Rep.
FLORIDA (Population. 1916, 893,493).
Counties. , President, 1916. ,
Population (52) Dem. Rep. Pro. Soc.
in l.-l' i. Wilson. Huj-hel. Jlanlj. Benson
34305 Alachua 2030 440 42 S3
4805 Baker 439 52 41 30
Bay 725 279 77 99
14090 Bradford 1302 153 21 13
4717 Brevard 599 174 69 76
Broward 382 158 50 110
7465 Calhoun 539 209 25 68
6731 Citrus 601 46 23 25
6116 Clay 380 79 47 47
17689 Columbia 861 226 71 28
11933 Dade 1654 629 283 301
14200 DeSoto 1755 385 208 228
75163 Duval 5456 1339 581 581
36549 Escambia 2183 416 67 99
5201 Franklin 312 81 57 32
22198 Gadsden 875 57 58 40
11825 Hamilton 675 113 9 15
4997 Hernando 446 38 38 38
78374 Hillsborough 4627 691 675 622
11557 Holmes 763 427 109 182
29821 Jackson 1975 410 62 34
17210 Jefferson 646 104 5 4
6710 Lafayette 849 45 27 30
9509 Lake 886 330 23 68
6294 Lee 751 167 79 135
19427 Leon 875 191 62 42
10361 Levy 712 216 16 25
4700 Liberty 280 57 38 14
16919 Madison 721 22 38 22
9550 Manatee 1033 289 110 116
26941 Marion 1567 462 189 151
21563 Monroe 730 345 107 249
10525 Nassau 420 94 43 40
Oskaloosa 603 303 16 29
19107 Orange 1261 415 30 51
5507 Osceola 511 453 98 100
5577 Palm Beach 725 311 173 194
7502 Pasco 779 236 94 82
Pinellas 1503 555 197 173
24148 Polk 2574 578 71 158
13096 Putnam 879 418 68 93
13208 St. John 1133 326 118 136
4075 St. Lucie 703 134 73 110
14897 Santa Rosa 896 111 59 19
Seminole 706 155 55 80
6696 Sumter 599 70 44 30
18603 Suwanee 1209 56 29 126
7103 Taylor 547 51 1 11
16510 Volusia 1541 886 116 109
4802 Wakulla 387 121 23 32
16460 Walton 753 549 97 79
16403 Washington 626 159 74 144
4786
5353
6.6S
Total 539S4 14611
Plurality 41373
Per cent 69.34 18.09 5.94
Total vote S0734
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
36,417 votes; Taft, Rep., 4,279: Roosevelt, Prog.,
4,535; Debs., Soc.. 4,806; Chafin. Pro., 1.854.
For United States Senator. 1916.
Park Trammell, Dem 58,391
W. R. O'Neal. Rep ,8.774
R. L. Goodwin, Spc 3.304
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Citrus, Sumter. Heruando. Pasco,
Pinellas. Hillsboro. Polk, Manatee, DeSoto. Lee
and Lake.
H. J. Drane. Dem 8,446
2. Counties of Hamilton. Suwanee, Columbia.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
285
Baker, Bradford, Nassau, Alachua, Jefferson.
Lafayette. Levy, Madison, Marion and Taylor.
Frank Clark, Dem 6,320
Population.
9237 Gllmer
Wilton.
742
Bughel.
258
8
45
190
39
53
222
48
141
30
137
23
22
11
78
52
31
71
14
14
63
7
20
27
64
3
26
5
60
55
21
19
42
70
20
36
15
11
41
52
21
59
301
110
102
18
10
420
85
65
13
8
2
87
43
238
73
2
36
41
15
23
38
17
7
49
57
25
40
42
42
33
481
38
145
20
523
18
439
83
133
47
18
29
20
Prog.
560
156
36
242
84
153
270
406
367
22
779
31
237
62
89
12
24
102
6
56
145
20
150
6
143
4
103
56
88
171
97
181
96
65
4
96
7
92
96
65
66
58
136
44
39
166
42
783
344
25
106
713
23
15
181
23
524
56
35
98
152
60
14
40
14
14
200
113
29
13
173
173
86
6
240
172
15
259
300
91
59
89
156
25
15
Bonson
1
1
18
8
2
1
10
13
5
8
105
3
16
77
3
3
10
14
26
17
4
40
4669 Glascock
126
3. Counties of Bay, Escambla, Santa Rosa. Wal-
ton, Holmes, Washington, Oskaloosa, Jackson,
Calhoun, Franklin, Liberty, Gadsden, Leon and
Wakulla.
J H Smithwick Dem 6 644
15861 Gordon
477
1010
18457 Grudy
675
18512 Greene
676
28824 Gwinnett
1528
4. Counties of Brevard, Broward, Clay, Dade,
Duval, Monroe, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach,
Putnam, St. John. St. Lucie. Seminole and
Volusia.
W J Sears Dem . 10 301
25730 Hall
. ... 1662
19189 Hancock
562
13514 Haralson ...
837
17886 Harris
550
Legislature. .
The legislature is solidly democratic.
State Officers.
Governor — S. J. Catts, Pro.
Secretary of State — H. Clay Crawford, Dem.
Attorney-General — Van C. Swearingen. Dem.
Treasurer— J. C. Luning, Dem.
Comptroller— Ernest Amos, Dem.
11189 Heard
439
19927 Henry
868
°3609 Houston
806
10461 Irwin
503
20169 Jackson
.... 1185
16552 Jasper
537
6050 Jeff Davis
299
588
11520 Jenkins
402
12897 Johnson
.... 715
398
GEORGIA (Population. 1916, 2,856,065).
Counties, , President 1916 >
Popuutton (148) Dem. Rep. Prog. Soc.
In 191(1. Wilson, lluitl.es. Prog. Demon
12318 Appling 413 44 117 4
35501 Laurens
.... 1269
11679 Lee '
316
12924 Liberty
.... 245
8714 Lincoln
, 333
1870
455
Bacon 287 46 — —
15016 Macon
.... 440
18354 Baldwin 579 65 42 1
16851 Madison
9147 Marion
1241
.... 330
Barrow 712 148 102 —
10325 McDuffie
466
114
25388 Bartow 1325 92 326 5
1118
11863 Ben Hill 627 8 134 —
464
22772 Berrien 2102 32 49 2
7939 Milton
462
56646 Bibb 2048 201 58 25
921
Bleckley 362 6 14 —
721
23832 Brooks 969 103 25 —
1 QR^S M°n^°em' V'
1002
7602 Bryan 295 17 9 —
643
26464 Bulloch 1410 29 87 —
1162
27268 Burke 673 19 14 —
•3R997 1VT rri>^
1833
13624 Butts 595 52 27 —
943
11334 Calhoun 265 9 2 —
497
7690 Camden 251 4 4 —
657
10874 Campbell 508 77 66 —
670
Candler 442 — 28 —
497
30855 Carroll 1621 118 413 31
489
7184 Catoosa 624 32 210 2
19495 Pike
. . 766
4722 Charlton 169 52 11 1
20203 Polk
1172
79690 Chatham 3797 368 616 23
383
5586 Chattahocchee 156 5 4 —
462
13608 Chattooga 1006 20 240 1
125
16661 Cherokee 855 292 461 50
.... 633
23273 Clarke 1036 113 31 9
645
8960 Clay 225 9 10 —
. 2708
10453 Clayton 517 3 75 —
490
8424 Clinch 374 53 8 —
5213 Schley
222
2S397 Cobb 1750 137 434 —
625
21953 Coffee 2091 120 29 84
835
19789 Colquitt 1305 53 171 5
9728 Stephens
. 500
12328 Columbia 521 6 18 —
13437 Stewart
474
2S800 Coweta 1179 85 26 —
1065
8310 Crawford 411 2 4 —
11696 Talbot
511
16423 Crisp 577 4 100 1
255
4139 Dade 616 25 52 24
18569 Tattnall
574
4686 Dawson 440 273 29 —
405
29045 Decatur 1147 35 116 88
13288 Telfalr
773
27881 DeKalb 1690 12 197 4
22003 Terrell
677
20127 Dodge 788 64 35 4
29071 Thomas . . . . . .
1298
20554 Dooly 737 — 31 —
11487 Tlft . .
. 1034
16035 Dougherty 836 37 17 —
11206 Toombs
425
8953 Douglas 416 61 78 —
3932 Towns
358
18122 Early 442 4 9 8
26228 Troup
. . . 1227
3309 Echols 173 — —
10075 Turner
400
9971 Effingham 450 8 64 —
10736 Twiggs
' 365
24125 Elbert 1756 — 183 —
6918 Union
532
25140 Emanuel 1500 28 266
12757 Upson
734
Evans 334 34 58 —
18692 Walker
. .. 1883
12574 Fannin 720 166 933
25393 Walton
22957 Ware .
1305
1066
10!)66 Fayette 494 25 70
36736 Floyd 2137 50 386 —
11860 Warren
292
11940 Forsyth 1146 166 236
954
17894 Franklin 1540 44 206
13069 Wayne
460
177733 Fulton 8945 1311 1040 124
6151 Webster ..
248
286
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
PojmUtiem. WilBon. Hughea. Prog. Demon
Wheeler 372 31 40 —
5110 White 639 6 200 —
15934 Wlritfleld 1093 16 707 60
134JS6 Wllcox 590 12 58 —
23441 Wilkes 785 17 52 —
10078 Wilkinson 371 28 20 —
19147 Wortli 690 31 68 —
Total 122907 11227 20670 969
Plurality 111680
Per cent 78.90 7.21 13.27 .62
Total vote 155773
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 5,191
votes; Wilson, Uem., 93,076; Roosevelt, Prog.,
21.980; Cliafin, Pro.. 147. and Debs. Soc.. 1,026.
For United States Senator, 1918.
W. J. Harris. Dem 53,731
15. H. Williams, Rep 7.078
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Bryan, Bulloch. Burke, Candler,
Chatham, Effingham, Evans, Jenkins, Liberty,
Mclntosh. Screven and Tattnall.
J. W. Overstreet. Dem 4,253
2. Counties of Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Deca-
tur. Dougherty. Early. Grady. Miller, Mitchell.
Tift, Thomas and Worth.
Frank Park. Dem 3,953
••i. Counties of Ben Hill, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Lee,
Macon, Randolph, Quitman, Schley, Stewart.
Sumter, Taylor. Terrell. Turner and Webster.
Charles R. Crisp, Dem 3,244
4. Counties of Carroll, Chattahoochee, Coweta,
Harris, Heard, Marion, Meriwether. Muscogee,
Talbot and Troup.
W. C. Wright, Dem 4.991
5. Counties of Campbell, DeKalb, Douglas, Ful-
ton and Rockdale.
W. D. Upshaw, Dem 5,251
6. Counties of Bibb, Butts. Clayton, Crawford,
Fayette. Henry, Jasper. Jones. Monroe, Pike,
Spalding and Upson.
J. W. Wise, Dem 4,707
7. Counties of Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cohb,
Dade, Floyd. Gordon, Haralson. Murray, Pauld-
ing, Polk, Walker and Whitfleld.
Gordon Lee. Dem 5,960
T. R. Glenn, Rep 1,261
8. Counties of Clarke, Elbert, Franklin, Greene.
Hart, Madison. Morgan, Newton, Oconee. Ogle-
thorpe. Putnam. Walton and Wilkes.
C. H. Brand. Dem 5.797
9. Counties of Banks, Cherokee. Dawson, Fannin,
Forsyth, Gilmer, Gwinnett. Habersham. Hall.
Jackson, Lumpkin, Milton, Pickens, Rabun.
Stephens, Towns, Union and White.
Thomas M. Bell, Dem 6,911
John M. Johnson, Rep 1,570
10. Counties of Baldwin, Columbia, Glascock.
Hancock, Jefferson, Lincoln, McDuffle, Rich-
mond, Taliaferro, Warren, Washington and
Wilkinson.
Carl Vinson, Dem 3,440
11. Counties of Appling, Bacon, Berrien, Brooks,
Camden, Charlton, Clinch. Coffee, Echols,
Glynn, Irwin, Jeff Davis. Lowndes, Pierce,
Wayne and Ware.
W. C. Lankford. Dem 4,959
12. Counties of Bleckley. Dodge. Emanuel. Hous-
ton. Johnson. Laurens, Montgomery. Pulaski.
Telfair. Toombs, Twlggs. Wilcox and Wheeler.
W. W. Larsen, Dem 3.808
Legislature.
TTje legislature consists of 44 senators and 185
representatives. There are no divisions on party
lines.
Counties.
Population (37)
fc li'lD.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Hugh Dorsey.
Secretary of State — S. Guy McLendon.
Treasurer— W. J. Speer.
Comptroller— W. A. Wright.
IDAHO (Population, 1916, 4)28,586).
, President 1916-
Rep. Dem. Soc.
Hut-bet. Wilson. Benson.
2908S Ada 5299 5207 359
Adams (new) 667 645 129
19242 Bannock 2950 4084 298
7729 Bear Lake 1229 ,1566 31
Benewau 935 1374 337
Boundary 598 653 99
23306 Bingham 1885 2306 145
8387 Blaine 1231 1830 173
5250 Boise 657 1048 113
13588 Bonner 1417 2003 409
Bouneville (new).... 1736 2341 85
25323 Canyon 3570 4478 645
71!»7 Cassia 1320 1629 289
Clearwater (new)... 839 678 242
3001 Ouster 454 879 63
4785 Elmore 658 1104 82
Franklin (new) 1089 1425 30
24606 Fremont 1654 2695 194
Gem 750 990 146
Gooding (new) 1093 1089 97
12384 Idaho 1892 2265 370
Jefferson (new) 993 1606 115
22747 Kootenai 2741 2855 714
18S18 Lalah 2777 2811 435
4786 Lemhi 723 1080 79
Lewis (new) 901 1255 118
12676 Lincoln 1121 1084 95
Madison (new) 1132 1371 21
Minidoka (new) 963 1135 540
24860 Nez Perce 1753 2675 245
15170 Oneida 1014 1298 29
4044 Owyhee 594 775 82
Power (new) 1024 1079 50
13963 Shoshone 2431 4239 485
Teton (new) 650 726 21
13543 Twin Falls 3083 3974 592
11101 Washington 1545 1S02 109
Total 55368
Plurality
Per cent 41.21
Total vote
70054 8066 1127
14686
51.97 5.98 .84
134615
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 32,810
votes; Wilson. Dem., 33,921; Roosevelt, Prog.,
25,527; Debs, Soc., 11,960, and Chafin, Pro., 1,537.
For United States Senator, 1918.
For term expiring March 4, 1925.
W. E. Borah, Rep 63.587
Frank L. Moore. Dem 31,018
For term expiring March 4, 1921.
Frank R. Gooding, Rep 47.497
John F. Nugent, Dem 48,467
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Burton L. French, Rep ,..27,084
L. I. Purcell, Dem 15,672
2. Addison T. Smith. Rep 32,274
O. R. Jeppeson. Dein 18,827
For Governor, 1918.
D. W. Davis, Rep 57,626
H. F. Samuels. Dem 38,499
Legislature.
Republican 30
Democratic 11
Senate. House. J.B.
State Officers.
Governor— D. W. Davis, Rep.
Lioutenant-Governor — C. C. Moore. Rep.
Secretary of Stato— Robert O. Jones, Rep.
State Treasurer — John W. Eagleson, Rep.
Attorney-General—Roy L. Black, Rep.
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
287
ILLINOIS (Population, 1916, 6,152,257).
Counties.
» (102)
Rep.
McCormick.
64588 Adams 4453
22741 Alexander ...1 2267
17075 Bond 1808
15481 Boone 1845
10397 Brown 621
43975 Bureau 3746
8610 Calhoun 616
18035 Curroll 2300
17372 Cass 1459
51829 Champaign 5735
34594 Christian 3236
23517 Clark 2517
18661 Clay 1888
22832 Clinton 1580
34517 Coles 3645
2405233 Cook 158883
26281 Crawford 2576
14281 Cumberland 1522
33457 DeKalb 3815
18906 DeWitt 2251
19591 Douglas 2062
33432 DuPage 3951
27336 Edgar 2904
10049 Edwards 1457
20055 Effinghain 1839
28075 Fayette 2810
17096 Ford 2085
25943 Franklin 3244
49549 Fulton 4485
14628 Gallatin *. 962
22363 Greene 1535
24162 Grundy 2091
18227 Hamilton 1583
30638 Hancock 3173
7015 Hardin 722-
9724 Henderson 1196
41736 Henry 4905
35543 Iroquois ..; 3716
35143 Jackson 3879
18157 Jasper 1690
29111 Jefferson 2759
13954 Jersey 1149
22657 Jo Daviess 2628
14331 Johnson 1451
91862 Kane 8509
40752 Kankakee 3959
10777 Kendall 1361
46159 Knox 5209
55058 Lake 4943
90132 LaSalle 8882
22661 Lawrence 2153
27750 Lee 3424
40465 Livingston 4614
30216 Logan 2982
54186 Macon < 5708
50685 Macoupin 4095
89847 Madison 7790
35094 Marion 2879
15679 Marshall 1855
17377 Mason 1598
14200 Massac 1628
26887 McDonough 3381
32509 McHenry 3578
68008 McLean 6102
12796 Menard 1329
19723 Mercer 2495
13508 Monroe 1840
35311 Montgomery 3411
34420 Morgan 3363
14630 Moultrie 1474
27864 Ogle 3819
100255 Peoria 9313
22088 Perry 2503
16376 Platt 1819
28622 Pike 2331
11215 Polk 1167
15650 Pulaski 1507
7561 Putnam 768
29120 Randolph 3082
15970 Richland 1457
70404 Rock Island 6701
30204 Saline 3452
91024 Sangamon 9666
-U. S.
Dem.
Lewis.
5547
1324
870
484
1015
2752
712
621
1959
3151
3369
2188
1480
1350
2992
201219
2263
1374
1146
1686
1348
1829
2963
473
1679
2229
695
2805
3278
1199
1955
814
1570
3025
670
533
2077
1847
2580
1674
2623
1215
1478
716
4376
2306
345
2160
2381
6918
1919
1497
2234r
2198
3670
4501
6141
3029
1313
1631
354
2065
1609
4067
1231
1235
840
3562
2948
1347
1204
7577
1805
981
2772
420
848
356
2098
1421
4643
2117
7887
Senator 1918.
Soc. Pro.
453
12
48
44
5
123
9
60
80
97
132
21
40
689
39
22563
50
18
105
39
39
306
45
4
63
101
53
245
267
38
M
25
35
86
11
16
221
86
86
9
52
14
124
23
590
67
5
104
219
479
30
94
63
104
222
417
863
168
36
4
16
60
96
176
12
32
76
119
64
9
43
327
78
18
39
10
7
7
103
26
1343
192
440
107
11
55
4
4
35
8
11
17
51
31
24
6
11
26
43S
34
12
38
14
15
2S
27
15
12
32
15
31
38
12
8
11
IS
42
6
12
24
17
9
11
IS
8
17
5
54
23
7
30
36
61
32
17
20
25
49
44
48
46
18
17
8
38
M
90
10
22
3
61
11
14
31
33
79
10
72
1
3
1
31
34
61
26
D3
78.
2.
3.
2.
1.
19.
2.
8.
2.
15.
18.
2.
2.
28.
4.
1852.
7.
4.
15.
31.
3.
2
2.
8.
11
1.
4.
17
4.
16.
1
4
2.
16.
2
49
11
2
13
38'
43
5
8'
11'
10'
10'
54'
68'
23
5
I-
3.
8
12
31
2.
4.
2
12
8.
2.
6.
61.
24.
4.
9.
1;
2.
15.
2.
113.
16.
, 14268
, ?940
. 2652
. 1211
. 2856
. 5793
. 1181
. 1980
. 4485
, 9601
. 7982
, 5311
. 3574
, 4201
. 7772
379438
. 5570
, 2960
, 3386
4460
3768
4816
6710
1389
4529
5669
2054
6419
8686
2920
6150
2241
3644
7711
1181
1611
E220
4977
6780
3884
6685
3052
3505
1822
9875
6096
1008
6785
5447
14625
5052
4087
6462
5726
11181
10012
16302
7892
3886
1236
5740
3278
11699
2689
3430
2104
7903
7104
3370
3207
18718
4445
3028
7005
1158
2159
785
5397
3431
16914
5930
17958
President 1916. —
Rep. Soc. Pro.
Hughes. Benson. Hauly.
11858 389 263
116
38
190
17
249
29
94
152
254
421
51
145
302
88
5395
3626
5181
1579
8213
1168
4496
3193
14632
6923
4336
3879
3423
8314
316
99
150
378
136
5
72
72
125
704
1176
85
435695 32471
5084 142
2879 41
9764
4380
4564
9610
6099
2885
3207
3207
4670
6371
9735
1985
3400
4811
3239
6472
1168
2528
11401
8503
8356
3110
6028
2644
5775
3273
23868
10594
3316
10918
12905
20662
4481
7985
9891
5933
13997
8875
17594
6434
3579
3029
3926
7192
9024
14988
2693
5308
2825
7065
7536
2963
8639
18615
4796
4012
•5293
2924
3883
1444
5517
2992
16169
7061
20900
101
75
166
29
60
520
87
185
57
101
20
143
69
906
91
19
435
715
851
190
144
97
310
632
1089
1091
425
110
53
38
250
58
450
60
69
27
607
157
55
69
718
170
88
239
57
87
42
132
79
2855
787
1001
47
394
91
120
335
30
137
236
799
339
142
83
100
177
2309
181
85
231
204
259
480
202
133
131
205
189
114
401
89
94
38
367
30
119
276
342
122
117
182
112
199
64
555
211
56
417
184
321
353
263
350
310
617
328
287
209
121
168
117
364
172
1016
106
199
8
218
191
161
368
344
214
98
249
25
49
40
181
132
384
176
576
30
7
4
5
24
5
3
16
18
27
6
.11
11
6
X050
8
8
3
7
.'0
'7
7
8
5
116
74
7
2
5
10
5
3
12
7
4
5
9
3
1
Z
45
16
8
25
31
7
4
15
34
31
43
12
7
3
6
3
1
7
10
2
31
10
6
5
83
24
4
13
5
1
13
2
88
30
29
288
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Population.
McCormiok.
Lewis.
Lloyd. V«
nnura. Fn
incia.
Wilson.
Hughes.
Benson.
Bulj.
lUimer
14852 Schuyler
1437
1515
23
24
4.
. 3392
2595
36
215
4
10067 Scott
1046
1146
12
5
5.
. 2457
2826
21
46
31693 Shelby
2766
2950
46
44
6.
. 7515
5911
83
357
5
10098 Stark
1282
563
15
3
—
. 1390
2887
31
28
1
119870 St. Clair
9490
8767
1154
55
86.
. 22622
22144
1152
423
75
36821 Stephenson
3953
2481
290
23
24
. 5463
8620
433
228
20
34027 Tazewell
, 3423
2748
131
27
?,?.
. 6743
6662
341
258
14
21856 Union
1225
1862
12
9
3
. 5171
3135
60
74
7
77996 Vermilion
7403
5333
157
107
21
. 13864
16330
605
1673
24
14913 Wabash
1266
1268
60
11
3.
. 3264
2600
86
179
2
23313 Warren
2854
1653
46
25
5.
. 4498
6294
154
199
7
18759 Washington
2274
984
169
11
13.
. 2794
4657
105
85
25697 Wayne
2485
1727
26
15
2.
. 4934
5383
59
173
7
23052 White ,
, 2076
2038
41
12
12.
. 5066
4137
151
83
16
34507 Whiteside
4307
1411
89
29
13.
. 3839
10045
127
482
14
84371 Will
, 7837
4929
407
34
27
. 11378
19881
317
171
18
45098 Williamson ,
4828
2965
184
29
14.
. 8172
10262
580
124
42
63153 Winnebago
6618
2579
893
53
27.
. 6198
14893
1439
352
15
20506 Woodford
2232
1339
43
23
7.
. 3619
4273
87
192
11
Total 479967
Plurality 53024
Per cent 50.50
Total vote
426943 37167 3151
44.92 3.91
950496
.33
3268.. 950229 1152549
202320
.34 .. 43.33 52.57 2.80
2192734
61394 26074 2488
1.19 .11
For president in 1912, Taft, Rep., received
253,593 votes; Wilson, Dem'. 405,048; Roosevelt,
Prog., 386,478; Debs. Soc., 81,278; Chafln, Pro.,
15,710, and Reimer, Soc. -Lab.. 4,066.
For State Treasurer, 1918.
Fred B. Sterling, Rep 506,038
James J. Brady, Dem 364,235
Robert L. Harvey, Soc 34,241
Orrin L. Dayton, Pro 3.116
For Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1918.
Francis G. Blair, Rep 508,769
Edwin Strauss, Dem 354,405
Emma Pischel, Soc 36,692
Eldon G. Burritt. Pro 3.140
For University Trustees. 1918.
Cairo A. Trimble,* Rep 573,434%
John M. Herbert,* Rep 563.312%
Mrs. Margaret Day Blake,* Rep 565,573%
John M. Crebs, Dem 425,267%
S. B. Montgomery, Dem 418,897
Mra. Mary Onahan Gallery, Dem 418.193
•Elected.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
At Large— RichaVd Yates, Rep 501,974
William E. Mason, Rep 479,533
William Elza Williams. Dem 361,505
Michael H. Cleary, Dem 356,168
Clarence C. Brooks, Soc 33,835
Frank Watts, Soc 32,065
Charles P. Corson. Pro.., 3,110
Edward E. Blake. Pro 3,187
1. City of Chicago (part).
Martin B. Madden, Rep 12,580
George Mayer, Dem 9,776
•G. J. Carlisle. Soc 381
2. City of Chicago (part).
James R. Mann, Rep 29,099
Leo S. LeBosky, Dem 17,895
Robert H. Howe. Soc 1,927
S. City of Chicago (part) and towns of Lemon t,
Palos. Worth, Orland, Bremen, Thornton, Rich,
Bloom and Calumet, In Cook county.
William W. Wilson, Rep 24.011
Fred J. Crowley. Dem 19,372
Joseph A. Ambrose, Soc 1,989
4. City of Chicago (part).
John W. Rainey, Dem 15,514
Oarl G. Hoffman. Soc 886
5. City of Chicago (part).
Louis C. Mau. Rep 3,789
Adolph J. Sabath, Dem 10,517
Emil Jaeger, Soc 919
6. City of Chicago (part) and towns of Pro-
viso, Cicero, Oak Park, Berwyn, Riverside,
Stickney and Lyons, in Cook county.
Hervey C. Foster. Rep 22.692
James McAndrews. Dem 32,638
William F. Kruse. Soc 3,101
7. City of Chicago (.part) and towns of Han-
over. Schaumberg, Elk Grove, Maine, Leyden,
Barrington. Palatine, Wheeling and Norwood
Park, in Cook county.
Niels Juul, Rep ,_ 35,428
Frank M. Padden, Dem 26,261
J. Louis Engdahl, Soc 7,387
8. City of Chicago (part).
Dan Parillo, Rep..-. 3,201
Thomas Gallagher, Dem 11,472
9. City of Chicago (part).
Fred A. Britten, Rep 12,654
James H. Poage, Dem 10,074
Charles Kissling. Soc 1,131
10. City of Chicago (part). Lake county and
towns of Evanston, Niles, New Trier and
Northfleld, in Cook county.
Carl R. Chindblom, Rep 33,094
Philip J. Finnegan, Dem 16,933
Irwin St. John Tucker. Soc 3.284
11. Counties of DuPage, Kane, McHenry and
Will.
Ira C. Copley, Rep 25,744
Carl F. Schultz, Soc 1,954
12. Counties of Boone, DeKalb, Grundy. Kendall,
LaSalle and Winnebago.
Charles E. Fuller. Rep 25,623
Oscar Ogren. Soc 1,895
13. Counties of Carroll, Lee, Jo Daviess, Ogle,
Stephenson and Whiteside.
John O. McKenzie, Rep 20,861
Shep. H. Zimmerman. Soc 809
14. Counties of Hancock, Henderson, McDonough.
Mercer, Rock Island and Warren.
William J. Graham, Rep 20,635
Edmond B. Passmore. Soc 1,791
15. Counties of Adams, Fulton, Henry, Knox
and Schuyler.
Edward J. King, Rep 21,334
Edward P. Allen, Dem 13,148
J. W. Conaery, Soc 942
16. Counties of Bureau. Marshall, Peoria, Put-
nam, Stark and Tazewell.
Clifford Ireland, Rep 20,617
Leander O. Eagleton, Dem 14,759
J. J. Van Huss. Soc 611
17. Counties of Ford. Livingston, Logan. Mc-
Lean and Woodford.
Frank L. Smith, Rep 19,123
O. S. Schneider. Dem 8,321
18. Counties of Clark, Cumberland, Edgar, Iro-
quois, Kankakee and Vermilion.
Joseph G. Cannon, Rep 22,427
Frank M. Crangle, Dem 14,402
Peter N. Christensen. Soc 371
19. Counties of Champaign, Coles, DeWitt, Doug-
las, Macon, Moultrie, Shelby and Piatt.
William B. McKinley, Rep 26.259
Thomas B. Jack, Dem v 16,474
J. A. Bishop. Soc 483
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
289
20. Counties of Brown. Calhoun. Cass, Greene.
Jersey. Mason, Menard. Morgan, Pike and
Scott.
Frank E. Blane, Rep 14,184
Henry T. Rainey, Dem 17,355
21. Counties of Christian, Macoupin, Montgomery
and Sangamon.
Loren E. Wheeler, Rep 20,380
« James M. Graham, Dem 19,064
James Bradley, Soc 991
22. Counties of Bond, Madison, Monroe, St.
Clair and Washington.
William A. Rodenberg, Rep 21,925
J. Nick Perrin, Dem 18,592
Marshall E. Klrkpatrick, Soc 2,240
23. Counties of Clinton, Crawford, Efflngham,
Fayette, Jasper, Jefferson, Lawrence, Marion,
Richland and Wabash.
E. B. Brooks, Rep 20,619
Martin D. Foster, Dem 19,397
Gustav Fritz, Soc.. 1,317
24. Counties of Clay, Edwards, Gallatin, Ham-
ilton, Hardin, Johnson, Massac, Pope, Saline,
Wayne and White.
Thomas S. Williams, Rep 18,689
James R. Campbell, Dem 13,412
J. J. McGuinn. Soc 382
25. Counties of Alexander, Franklin, Jackson,
Perry, Pulaski, Randolph, Union and William-
son.
Edward E. Denison, Rep 22,886
D. T, Woodard, Dem 15,000
Vote on Propositions, 1918.
Calling a constitutional convention to prepare
a new constitution to be submitted to the
voters for their * approval. This proposition
required a majority of all the votes cast at
the election. For the proposition, 562,012 ;
against the proposition, 162,202 ; total number
of votes cast at the election. 975,545; majority
for the proposition, 74,240.
The act providing that all private banks shall
become state banks. This proposition, required
a majority of all the votes cast on the propo-
sition. For the proposition, 403,458 ; against
the proposition, 83,704 ; majority for the propo-
sition, 319.754.
The $60,000,000 bond issue to construct good roads,
the interest and principal to be paid out of
the automobile license paid into the secretary
of state's office. This proposition required a
majority of all the votes cast for members
of the general assembly. Total number of
votes cast for members of the general assem-
bly, 898,821 ; for the proposition, 661,815 ; against
the proposition, 154,396 ; majority for the prop-
osition. 212,405.
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 34 91 125
Democrats 17 62 79
State Officers.
Governor— Frank O. Lowden, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor—John G. Oglesby, Rep.
Secretary of State — Louis L. Emmerson. Rep.
Auditor— Andrew Russel, Rep.
Treasurer— Fred E. Sterling, Rep.
Attorney-General— Edward J. Brund^ge. Rep.
Counties.
INDIANA (Population, 1916, 3,816,817).
, President 1916 .x ,
President 1912 N
Population (92)
in 1910.
Dem.
Wilson.
Rep. Prog.
Hughes.
Pro. Soc. 8. Ei.
Hanlj. Benson.Reimer
Dem.
Wilson.
Rep. Pro. Prog. Soc. S.-L.
Talk. Ch*aB.Roosevelt. Debf.R'mer
21840 Adams .„
2875
1796
7
171
23
4..
2961
917
159
732
30
6
93386 Allen
9470
10169
928
421
1003
99..
8659
3423
602
4246
1512
127
24813 Bartholomew
3441
3287
40
145
66
2..
3147
1321
238
1604
196
Ib
12888 Benton
1502
1872
6
53
23
— ..
1425
1030
103
796
30
2
15820 Blackford
1867
1595
4
126
105
9..
1651
399
146
1163
256
9
24673 Boone
3513
3333
37
125
82
6..
3280
11S1
156
2014
90
14
7975 Brown
.., 1046
506
—
31
10
2..
909
305
52
253
12
2
17970 Carroll
2401
2468
5
118
34
2.,
2275
1467
132
926
83
—
36368 Cass
5140
4879
13
200
121
10..
4421
1573
207
3094
187
29
30260 Clark
3572
3173
7
43
73
8..
3315
805
50
2453
137
15
32535 Clay
3435
3102
14
119
.562
12..
3297
1494
174
1614
697
31
26674 Clinton
S6C2
3638
8
184
119
7..
3255
2182
189
1821
219
24
12057 Crawford
1508
1201
4
152
58
3..
1159
663
179
542
128
4
27747 Daviess
3143
3191
21
128
210
17..
2759
2005
150
1061
327
39
21396 Dearborn
3010
2318
5
97
62
3..
2957
1366
89
701
146
9
18793 Decatur
2374
2717
16
109
69
2..
2246
1263
130
1436
88
7
25054 Dekalb
3372
2898
8
232
136
H..
2766
1125
244
1623
,4«7
16
51414 Delaware
5946
6919
46
407
432
21..
4313
2018
637
4059
1199
52
19843 Dubois
3072
1492
5
16
19
10..
3059
666
54
606
106
7
49008 Elkhart
5723
5850
13
603
708
44..
4300
1199
563
4533
856
102
14415 Fayette
2074
2360
21
64
58
5..
1455
1030
68
1214
231
21
30293 Floyd
3850
3200
9
68
140
8..
3236
669
90
2580
341
20
20439 Fountain
2437
2634
149
88
130
9..
2449
1560
123
1067
140
21
15335 Franklin "...
2426
1495
12
73
8
1..
2306
929
80
630
30
1
16879 Fulton
2231
2325
119
63
33
1..
2022
1427
213
694
70
8
30137 Gibson
3765
3576
17
226
201
16..
3250
2266
226
1270
295
7
51426 Grant
5827
6059
31
980
1019
61..
4390
3939
1015
2185
1323
184
36873 Greene
3990
3878
29
199
833
20..
3373
2156
148
1563
1203
143
27026 Hamilton
2799
3951
21
362
72
7..
2463
2247
399
1834
90
19
19030 Hancock
2779
2138
11
166
47
3..
2594
738
149
1375
133
9
20232 Harrison
2373
2086
18
98
64
—
2106
900
93
1219
11X
13
20840 Hendricks
2453
3046
18
118
88
10..
2372
1439
142
1495
48
7
29758 Henry
3560
4386
165
378'
265
17..
2687
2479
508
1550
437
56
33177 Howard
3934
4777
12
456
840
63..
2824
2152
453
2184
1107
119
28982 Huntington
3833
3761
21
450
149
11..
3119
2108
399
1586
252
12
24727 Jackson
3312
2422
5
139
74
6..
3225
921
96
1236
175
14
13044 Jasper
1488
1995
5
33
10
—
1292
1238
59
694
14
1
24961 Jny
3070
3075
7
348
109
6..
2786
1282
398
1596
218
10
20483 Jefferson
2518
2675
11
113
56
3..
2325
1563
158
943
137
5
14203 Jennings
1686
1791
9
60
34
1..
1577
955
69
839
81
8
20394 Johnson
3108
2428
35
107
53
6..
2890
924
211
1408
49
13
39183 Knox
5380
4805
11
142
923
103..
4448
2805
205
1316
892
85
27936 Kosciusko
3447
4025
15
232
134
12..
2817
1767
307
2096
210
23
15148 Lagrange
1512
1958
11
93
43
3..
1233
758
93
1402
22
1
82864 Lake
9946
13263
60
108
651
84..
5136
5176
139
5659
1182
191
45797 Laporte
5276
5726
14
83
240
48..
4847
2701
120
2749
397
48
30625 Lawrence
3108
3813
21
66
246
2..
2579
1633
91
2106
398
33
65224 Madison
8106
7449
18
484
1579
116..
6676
1771
455
4751
1947
157
290
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population.
Wilson.
Hughes.
Prog.
Hanlj. Benson. Keiincr
. Wilion.
Tuft.
Chftftn. RooMrel
t. Debi.R'mu
263661 Marion
35043
40699
177
744
2224
143.
. 29805
12280
1241
18396
5268
418
24175 Marshall
3221
2855
22
216
77
5.
. 2859
1196
192
1490
164
17
12950 Martin
1549
1534
2
22
26
2.,
, 1440
975
27
553
22
a
29350 Miami
3854
3390
75
214
303
18.
, 3366
1426
253
1995
422
3?
23426 Monroe
2796
3033
32
105
58
5.
, 2396
1388
130
1497
84
Ifi
29296 Montgomery —
4107
4300
41
106
147
10.,
3821
2747
222
1246
173
7
21182 Morgan
2616
2860
20
94
113
10.,
2608
1353
176
1236
185
?6
10504 Newton
1278
1377
155
43
36
5..
965
892
96
633
26
?:
24009 Noble
3069
3417
4
130
35
2..
2888
1443
99
1760
106
8
4329 Ohio
632
597
1
25
3
553
406
39
120
9
17192 Orange
2091
2481
15
42
52
5..
1830
1521
849
n
i
14053 Owen
1812
1585
14
42
95
—
1621
711
66
784
161
i?
22214 Parke
2329
2598
9
184
212
22..
2031
1891
254
684
346
n
18078 Perry
2089
1762
11
15
28
1..
1931
520
30
1130
34
5
19684 Pike
2212
2172
4
59
187
16 ..
1984
1515
68
489
298
4
20540 Porter
1871
2913
21
37
76
\ ..
1352
1510
45
1241
120
1?.
21670 Posey
2722
2291
5
86
26
2..
2767
1193
14,0
745
132
4
13312 Pulaski
1387
1474
203
58
27
1..
1250
729
222
586
135
14
20520 Putnam
2965
2453
21
86
132
11..
2922
1354
92
1079
91
7
29013 Randolph
2682
4045
68
525
128
7..
2158
1988
366
2471
272
?0
19452 Ripley
2549
2686
13
67
67
3..
2431
1492
77
884
163
23
19349 Rush
2569
2950
21
160
57
3..
2312
1931
185
1075
77
6
8323 Scott
1068
802
5
31
4
__
1033
327
34
531
18
26802 Shelby ,
, 3900
3201
35
242
81
2..
3432
1254
235
1969
319
n
20676 Spencer
2335
2560
14
122
60
4..
2428
1268
117
1142
151
6
10567 Starke
1334
1550
1
35
44
5..
1208
787
49
696
54
fi
14274 Steuben
1427
2418
6
255
24
4..
1266
1290
477
1210
. 41
5
84312 St. Joseph
9709
7961
371
436
657
60..
5391
3146
452
5240
12H
87
32439 Sullivan
* 3880
2630
16
205
667
65..
3707
1406
?,74
1068
1045
93
9914 Switzerland —
1446
1214
—
58
36
2..
1342
882
62
322
75
.0
40063 Tippecanoe
4918
6386
40
208
108
9..
4442
3006
173
2838
191
3
17459 Tipton
, 2337
2166
I
203
62
4..
2185
1262
201
914
113
13
6260 Union
826
997
3
38
19
—
705
643
63
342
38
1
77438 Vanderburg —
, 10028
9966
43
185
717
34..
7219
4839
187
2738
2572
127
18865 Vermilion
2343
2607
4
133
771
130..
1780
1621
230
680
550
?,1
87930 Vigo
, 11165
8934
103
516
1677
101..
7256
3103
707
4988
1862
144
26926 Wabash
3168
3849
25
293
277
29..
2371
1363
285
2432
308
50
10899 Warren
1011
1823
5
67
45
5..
872
1183
64
695
46
21911 Warrick
, 2244
2396
159
U
67
5..
2218
1421
254
819
310
37
17445 Washington ....
2414
1871
7
48
29
2..
2233
712
63
1113
61
7
43757 Wayne
5007
6112
42
303
295
32..
3806
1851
229
4457
1032
116
22418 Wells
2928
1947
6
285
56
4..
2760
812
301
1080
132
7
17602 White
2262
2442
6
71
35
4..
2059
1613
99
822
41
&
16892 Whitley
2510
2191
4
170
26
2..
2206
1082
154
990
70
4
Total 334063 341005
Plurality 6942
Per cent 46.47 47.44
Total vote
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Gibson, Pike, Posey, Spencer,
Vanderburg and Warrick.
George K. Denton, Dem 18,837
Oscar R. Luhring. Rep 20,440
2. The counties of Daviess, Greene, Knox, Mon-
roe, Martin, Morgan, Owen and Sullivan.
Fred F. Bays, Dem 19,731
Oscar B. Bland, Rep 23,943
Zinri M. Garten. Soc 999
3. The counties of Clark, Crawford, Dubois,
Floyd, Harrison, Lawrence, Orange, Perry,
Scott and Washington.
William E. Cox, Dem 19,989
James W. Dunbar. Rep 20,556
Alvin L. Ogle, Soc 302
4. The counties of Bartholomew, Brown, Dear-
born, Decntur, Jackson, Jefferson, Jennings,
Jobnscn. Ohio, Ripley and Switzerland.
Lincoln Dixon. Dem 20,428
John S. Benham, Rep 20,745
6, The counties of Clay, Hendricks. Parke, Put-
nam. Vermilion and Vigo.
Ralph W. Moss. Dem 19.213
Everett Sanders, Rep 20,271
J. Harvey Caldwell. Soc 668
6. The counties of Fayette, Franklin, Hancock,
Henry, Rush, Shelby, Union and Wayne.
Harry G. Strickland, Dem 17,755
Richard N. Elliott. Rep 21.266
John Nlpp, Soc 206
7. The county of Marlon.
Chalmer Schlbsser. Dem 20,284
Merrill Moores. Rep 29.714
Wm. H. Henry, Soc 1,010
8. The counties of Adams. Delaware, Jay. Madi-
son. Randolph and Wells.
Wm. H. Eichhorn. Dem 19,421
Albert H. Vestal. Rep 24.124
3898 16368 21855 1659.. 281890 151267 19248 162007 36931 3130
119883
.54 2.28 3.04 .23.. 43.07 23.11 2.94 24.76 5.64 .48
718848 . . 654473
George S. Martin. Soc 1.548
9. The counties of Boone, Carroll, Clinton, Foun-
tain. Hamilton. Howard. Montgomery and Tip-
ton.
Charles F. Howard. Dem 18,948
Fred S. Purnell, Rep 25,486
James Horn, Pro 568
John E. Broshear, Soc 583
10. The counties of Benton, Jasper, Lake, New-
ton, Porter, Tippecanoe, Warren and White.
George R. Hirschinan. Dem 16.064
Wm. R. Wood, Rep 26,384
Erwin S. Whitmer. Soc 504
11. The counties of Blackford. Cass, Grant,
Huntington, Miami, Pulaski and Wabash.
George W. Rauch, Dem 19,849
Milton W. Krauss. Rep 24.358
George Lanning. Soc 905
12. The counties of Allen. Dekalb, Lagrange. No-
ble, Steuben and1 Whitley.
Harry W. Hilgeman, Dem 17,538
Louis W. Fairfleld. Rep 22,251
Henry Hohman, Soc 884
13. The counties of Elkhart, Fulton, Kosciusko.
Laporte, Marshall, St. Joseph and Starke.
Henry A. Barnhart. Dem 23.274
Andrew J. Hickpy, Rep 27,269
Warren Evans. Soc 1.096
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 16 18
Republicans 34 82
State Officers.
Governor — James P. Goodrich. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor—Edgar D. Bush. Rep.
Secretary of State — Wm. A. Roach. Rep.
Auditor— Otto L. Klauss. Rep.
Treasurer — Us McMurtrie. Rep.
Attorney-General— Ele Stansbury. Rep.
34
116
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
291
Counties.
Population (99)
& YOU.
IOWA (I
Itep.
Hughes.
1922
'opulatio
Presi
Dem.
Wilson.
1619
1365
1714
2510
1247
2556
4270
2338
1132
1808
1454
S77
1515
2085
1801
1595
2289
1646
1697
1175
1234
2379
3903
1919
2495
1811
2111
1332
3827
893
6063
809
2311
1250
691
2085
1455
1015
1805
1125
913
1481
2932
1728
1560
809
1244
1763
2186
3282
1734
3650
1966
2486
1748
3993
6131
1081
1536
1137
1711
3151
3094
2414
1600
1033
1910
2095
1431
2694
1787
874
1747
1630
2258
1658
12327
6263
1880
1351
1629
5212
2060
2049
n, 1916, 2,220,32
dent 1916 ^
Pro.Soc.-Lab.Soc.
Hanly. Reimer. Benson.
10 — 17.
9 — 16.
8 2 24.
32 16 461.
627.
29 8 106.
79 23 247.
70 19 256.
11 1 19.
24—23.
17 — 48.
18 — 40.
42 2 66.
22 2 IS.
8 1 51.
14 2 30.
49 — 105.
24 — 22.
13 — 20.
33 1 19.
17 1 75,
17 2 72.
69 11 291.
11 — 44.
40 8 95.
18 — 39.
24 2 36.
22 3 49.
73 21 292.
5 — 35.
11 5 372.
7 — 34.
39 5 140.
25 5 99.
11 2 22.
35 6 45.
41 5 8.
6 2 14.
28 2 37.
39 2 78.
15 1 24.
56 7 46.
49 2 96.
31 6 24.
38 3 34.
8 — 20.
14 — 92.
23 2 18.
22 6 66.
48 5 141.
37 1 29.
15 2 32.
18 — 26.
48 1 51.
16 2 26.
49 11 139.
119 11 278.
16 3 ST.
40 8 234.
1 — 46.
39 4 . 25.
133 4 98.
31 3 145.
101 5 224.
27 3 38.
16 — 37.
— — 25.
47 12 451 .
18 3 82.
34 12 673.
10 — 29.
7—28.
68 3 106.
22 1 40.
62 1 30.
18 4 37.
211 59 764.
78 9 187.
61 — 99.
15 1 25.
16 1 35 .
40 46 1143.
12 1 25.
7 3 37.
I).
Dem.
Wilson.
1195
1215
1767
2058
963
2472
3702
1601
1944
1866
921
926
1182
2326
1510
1938
1742
930
1891
910
707
2919
3633
2193
1718
1453
1654
1389
3169
502
6237
486
2379
1244
694
1762
980
1149
1390
1041
710
1072
2157
1580
1416
634
1087
1841
2259
2487
1311
3327
2189
2434
1813
3891
5422
881
968
89&
1185
2576
2276
2192
1312
1082
1358
2485
1206
2697
1506
786
1462
1274
2038
1176
7239
4993
1631
958
1124
5632
1841
1453
Presi
Prog.
Roosevelt.
890
571
1273
969
968
1234
4724
2835
741
1455
1852
1553
1324
1188
,1096
1364
1813
1680
662
595
1347
1471
3188
1181
1361
353
773
1145
2090
850
3421
738
2240
1256
1403
861
1166
1465
1303
2282
899
2362
1336
856
837
1377
1144
875
1003
1531
786
763
689
1232
1860
2299
3038
891
855
1361
1121
1705
1419
3106
1093
1171
1289
1495
1713
2796
1659
1609
2216
755
2005
1277
8110
4538
1792
939
1819
4977
1073
2566
dent 19
Rep.
TaTt.
1248
913
1269
2356
692
1831
1601
802
1013
1271
755
903
963
664
1724
1036
1334
381
1022
882
679
1239
1890
1169
1825
1184
1351
1394
2136
457
1620
602
1192
1216
776
973
1324
421
1258
831
860
732
1528
1663
750
477
530
1237
1174
1766
1378
1645
1622
1361
857
2016
4326
1070
939
412
1274
1682
1191
926
850
590
1109
1385
917
789
629
520
980
953
825
760
4665
1753
902
916
622
1568
872
675
L2
Soc.
Debs.
31
32
39
359
10
199
411
537
24
23
61
28
85
53
103
43
212
56
35
21
50
142
403
66
200
44
90
83
537
38
415
99
250
142
67
65
29
12
74
68
8
87
226
47
69
16
18
24
109
397
72
92
34
74
21
285
487
58
110
89
89
202
297
324
67
29
36
586
106
758
53
29
197
101
28
67
1695
489
107
45
58
1444
38
65
Pro?
Chaftn
38
62
13
65
13
72
211
105
42
104
46
87
65
51
62
39
100
45
21
81
41
90
91
61
144
31
55
43
132
15
31
18
160
48
129
38
63
4*
72
68
30
201
74
105
63
39
13
45
255
164
115
59
33
119
35
56
242
43
52
19
104
283
72
199
33
30
32
61
32
88
32
14
132
62
46
29
866
93
113
70
42
58
29
16
1401
2411
3327
1581
3189
6742
2955
2684
3000
2045
17119 Butler
2722
2276
2408
2763
17765 Cedar
2S62
3556
1578
15375 Chickasaw
1999
10736 Clarke
1507
12766 Clay
1649
25576 Clayton
3347
45394 Clinton . . .".
5576
2756
23698 Dallas
2900
1476
1962
17888 Delaware
2837
4132
8137 Dickinson
1249
5772
9816 Emmet
1409
3S72
17119 Floyd
2691
14780 Franklin
2464
15623 Fremont
1732
16023 Greene
2S45
13574 Grundy
2127
17374 Guthrie
2316
19242 Hamilton
3037
12731 Hancock
1726
20921 Hardin
3335
23162 Harrison
2610
18640 Henry ....
2470
12920 Howard
1562
12182 Humbold t
1676
11296 Ida
1412
18409 Iowa ... ...
2484
21258 Jackson
2533
27834 Jasper
3092
15951 Jefferson
2167
2704
19050 Jones
2848
21160 Keokuk . ..
2822
21971 Kossuth
2647
36702 Lee
4395
60720 Linn
8212
12855 Louisa
1876
13462 Lucas
1672
14624 Lyon
1760
15621 Madison
1871
29860 Mahaska
3143
22995 Marion
2459
30279 Marshall
4172
15811 Mills
1707
13435 Mitchell
16633 Monona
1777
25429 Monroe
2144
2333
29505 Musca tine
3929
17262 O'Brien
2021
8956 Oeceola
1258
24002 Page
2993
13845 Palo Alto
1594
23129 Plymouth
2666
14808 Pocahontas
1808
110438 Polk
11295
55832 Pottawattamie
5992
19589 Poweshiek
2748
12904 Ringgold
1733
16555 Sac
2057
60090 Scott ...'
8329
16552 Shelby
1898
25248 Sioux .
. 2261
292
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population. Hughes. Wilson.
24083 Story .... ... .... 3722 1772
Hanlj. KeiiutT. Benson. WiL-on. Roosevelt. Tafl. Deb«. t'hafln
76 o 49.. 1224 2515 1247 76 172
40 5 57.. 2446 1722 1179 45 73
18 1 44.. 1372 899 1365 40 78
37 2 30.. 1528 1115 1076 75 79
32 '4 32.. 1495 675 1538 52 63
41 10 786.. 3102 1838 2755 699 76
55 2 30.. 1396 1102 1386 53 114
44 1 34.. 2003 1330 1267 84 116
32 3 71.. 1581 796 1193 88 113
52 5 151.. 2370 1371 2123 316 147
29 — 23.. 390 1035 532 142 132
15 2 121.. 2105 2136 802 61 26
79 8 212.. 4564 5463 2441 440 165
12 2 34.. 402 1147 354 42 37
11 — 65.. 755 1856 805 54 75
6 2 23.. — — ___
22156 Tama -. 3061 2572
16312 Taylor 2219 1775
16616 Union 2050 1985
15020 Van Buren 1994 1735
37743 Wapello 4398 3994
18194 Warren 2182 1910
19925 Washington 2745 2139
16184 Wayne 1936 1935
34629 Webster 3917 3196
11914 Winnebago 1713 584
21729 Winneshiek 2876 1956
67616 Woodbury 5735 8819
9950 Worth 1463 566
17951 Wright 2599 1135
Soldiers 1108 1102
Total 280449 221699
3371 459 10976.. 185325 161819 119895 16967 8440
.. 23506
.65 .09 1.92.. 37 63 32 87 24 34 3 45 1 71
Plurality 58750
Per cent 54.04 4273
Total vote 51S
745 .. 492356
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 45 93 138
For United States Senator, 1918.
William S. Kenyon, Rep 230,264
Charles R. Keyes, Dem 121.830
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Lee,
Louisa, Van Buren and Washington.
Charles A. Kennedy, Rep 15,921
State Officers.
Governor— William L. Harding, Rep.
Secretary of State— William S. Allen, Rep.
Auditor of State — Frank S. Shaw, Rep.
Treasurer of State— Edwin A. Hoyt. Rep.
Attorney-General— H. M. Havnea-, Rep.
Edward L. Hirsch Dem 10,358
2. Counties of Clinton, Iowa, Jackson, Johnson,
Muscatine and Scott.
Harry E. Hull, Rep 19,958
KANSAS (Population, 1916. 1,829,545).
Counties. , President 1916
Population (105) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
in 19)0.- HughM. Wilson. Benson. Hanly
27640 Allen 4120 4043 354 105
William E. Mclntosh Soc 2,140
3. Counties of Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan,
Butler, Delaware, Dubuque. Franklin, Hardin
and Wright.
Burton- E. Sweet, Rep 22,997
13829 Anderson 2385 2739 227 77
28107 Atchison 4624 4634 101 153
9916 Barber 1632 2061 172 118
Capt. Harry B. Clark, Dem 12.527
4. Counties of Allamakee, Cerro Gordo, Chicka-
saw, Clayton, Fayette, Floyd, Howard, Mitch-
ell, Winneshiek, and Worth.
Gilbert N Haugen Rep ... .... 20 643
24C07 Bourbon .... 3370 5209 302 86
21314 Brown 4282 3503 190 125
23059 Butler ,"6l4 4248 296 215
7527 Chase 1356 1583 80 51
Joseph C. Campbell, Dem 11,283
11429 Chautauqua 2085 1737 345 29
6. Counties of Benton, Cedar, Grundy, Jones,
Linn, Marshall and Tama.
James W Good Rep 20 655
38162 Cherokee 4350 6188 931 116
4248 Cheyenne , 498 787 177 105
4093 Clark 653 1102 59 85
15251 Clay 2691 ' 2631 227 93
6. Counties of Davis, Jasper, Keokuk, Mahaska,
Monroe. Poweshiek and Wapello.
C. W. Ramseyer, Rep 17,082
Buell McCash, Dem 12,988
18.588 Cloud 2870 3837 189 294
15205 Coffey 2799 3121 161 61
3281 Comanche 730 963 111 93
31790 Cowley 5282 5943 612 204
H. Grimes, Soc 397
7. Counties of Dallas, Madison, Marion, Polk,
Story and Warren.
Cassius C. Dowell, Rep 18,182
H. C. Evans, Dem 8,493
51178 Crawford 7067 8064 3279 129
8S76 Decatur 1007 2431 146 47
24S61 Dickinson 4322 4971 180 116
14422 Doniphan 2826 1916 91 35
24724 Douglas 496S 3831 171 255
Charles Gay, Soc .- 560
8. Counties of Adams, Appanoose, Clarke, De-
catur, Fremont, Lucas, Page, Ringgold, Taylor,
Union and Wayne. »
Horace M. Towner, Rep 20,409
10128 Elk 1769 2051 163 41
12170 Ellis 1136 2335 55 32
1C444 Ellsworth 1944 1936 74 69
6908 Finney 1234 1370 185 103
11393 Ford °336 3043 185 235
9. Counties of Adair. Audubon, Cass, Giithrie,
Harrison, Mills, Montgomery, Pottawattamie
and Shelby.
Wiyiam R. Green, Rep 22,234
20884 Franklin 3883 4128 304 284
12681 Geary 1730 1740 97 23
6044 Gove 642 861 55 43
8700 Graham ...» 1150 1801 241 36
10. Counties of Boone, Calhoun, Carroll, Craw-
ford, Emmet, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock,
Humboldt, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Pocahontas,
Webster and Winnebago.
L. J. Dickinson, Rep 23,635
1087 Grant 200 208 32 9
3121 Gray 660 889 9/) 68
1335 Greeley 210 168 69 35
16060 Greenwood 2957 2948 174 53
3360 Hamilton 511 522 101 26
14748 Harper 1797 2648 195 244
J. R. Files, Dem 13,153
11. Counties of Buena Vista, Cherokee, Clay,
Dickinson, Ida, Lyon, Monona, O'Brion, Osee-
ola, Plymouth, Sac, Sioux and Woodbury.
William D. Boies, Rep 21,665
Thomas J. Steelo Dem 16,461
19200 Harvey 3468 3129 332 161
993 Haskell 248 349 57 31
2030 Hodgeman 564 761 45 136
1SS61 Jackson 3439 2896 34 60
15S26 Jefferson 3162 2904 116 77
G. F. Dietrich, Soc 308
For Governor. 1918.
Official vote not available for this edition of
The Daily News Almanac and Year-Book. Gov.
William L. Harding re-elected on unofficial re-
turns.
18288 Johnson 3767 3928 137 68
S^Oe Kearnv 538 488 109 51
13386 Kingman 1891 2626 167 259
6174 Kiowa 901 956 40 302
31423 Labette 5327 6421 656 99
?603 Lane . 363 659 81 29
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
293
Population. HtiKhM. Wilson. Braaon. Hmnlj.
41207 Leavenworth 5534 6002 536 104
10142 Lincoln 1716 2106 54 64
14735 Linn 2699 2930 256
4240 Logan 590 709 70 37
24927 Lyon 4210 5581 356 308
22415 Marion 3453 2789 274 105
23S80 Marshall 4581 4275 185 106
21521 McPherson 3791 3730 238 213
5055 Meade 972 977 71 143
20030 Miami 3086 4047 199 81
14089 Mitchell 2413 3197 137 78
49474 Montgomery 6359 8053 764 175
12397 Morris 2288 2577 87 53
1333 Morton 405 457 51 42
19072 Nemaha 3591 3579 61 69
23754 Neosho 4052 4890 238 57
5883 Ness 927 1213 177 147
11614 Norton 1616 2876 173 49
19905 Osage 3770 4276 287 103
12827 Osborne 2149 2621 82 229
11811 Ottawa 2003 2691 117 123
8859 Pawnee 1484 2124 120 121
14150 Phillips 2271 2912 149 96
17522 Pottawatomie 3688 2834 61 43
11156 Pratt 1820 2607 130 241
6380 Rawlins 803 1271 165 52
37853 Reno 6832 6649 941 425
17447 Republic 2882 3805 147 85
15106 Rice 2493 2800 188 369
35783 Riley 3320 2637 299 87
11282 Rooks 1621 2394 111 108
7826 Rush 1223 1478 173 62
10800 Russell 2011 1934 79 90
20338 Saline 3976 4846 225 143
3047 Scott 415 684 110 45
73095 Sedgwick 10871 13368 868 924
4091 Seward 678 1103 97 84
61874 Shawnee 12597 9452 510 402
5651 Sheridan 760 1189 55 £3
4549 Sherman 582 1196 87 23
15365 Smith 2605 3431 175 131
12510 Stafford 1811 2148 174 194
1034 Stanton 180 170 22 32
2453 Stevens 391 646 46 85
30654 Sumner 4078 5518 458 305
5455 Thomas 641 1299 101 19
5398 Trego 867 1094 68 32
12721 Wabaunsee 2640 1706 89 43
2759 Wallace 381 497 79 8
20229 Washington 3765 3316 127 73
2006 Wichita 318 333 43 28
19810 Wilson 2970 3493 553 87
9450 Woodson 1861 1794 161 44
100068 Wyandotte . .. 13863 17850 1028 380
Soldier vote 286 235 2 2
Total 277658 314588 24685 12882
Plurality 36930
Per cent 44.09 49.95 3.92 2.04
Total vote 629813
For president In 1912, Taft, Rep., received
74,845 votes; Wilson, Dem.. 143,663; Roosevelt,
Prog., 120,210; Debs, Soc., 26,779.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Arthur Capper, Rep 280,476
William H. Thompson, Dem 148,565
Eva Harding, Soc 11.400
For Governor, 1918.
Henry J. Allen. Rep 286.484
W. C. Lansdon, Dem 132,444
George W. Kleihege, Soc 12,703
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Atchison. Brown, Doniphan, Jack-
son, Jefferson, Leavenwortn, Nemaha and
ShawneS.
D. R. Anthony, Jr., "Rep 33,573
Frank E. Whitney, Dem 17.020
George Stahlman, Soc 1.802
2. Counties of Allen, Anderson. Bourbon. Douglas,
Franklin, Johnson. Linn. Miami and Wyandotte.
Edward C. Little, Rep 32.510
H. S. Martin. Dem 23,145
Gertrude C. Barman. Soc 1.153
3. Counties of Chautanqua, Cherokee, Cowley.
Crawford. Elk, Labette. Montgomery. Neosbo
and Wilson.
P. P. Campbell, Rep 32.721
O. E. Pile. Dem 22.779
S. J. Mattox, Soc 2.810
R. T. Herrick, Ind 1,408
4. Counties of Chase, Coffey, Greenwood, Lyon,
Marion, Morris, Osage, Pottawatomie, Wabaun-
see and Woudson.
Homer Hoch, Rep 26,800
Dudley Doolittle, Dem 17,687
W. S. Armour. Soc 1,011
5. Counties of Clay, Cloud, Geary, Dickinson,
Marshall, Ottawa, Republic, Riley. Saline and
Washington.
James G. Strong, Rep 29,567
Guy T. Helvering, Dem 17,950
Jacob Myers, Soc 1,069
6. Counties of Cheyenne. Decatur, Ellis, Ells-
worth. Gove, Graham, Jewell, Lincoln, Logan.
, Mitchell. Norton, Osborne, Phillips. Rawlins,
Rooks, Russell, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith.
Thomas, Trego and Wallace.
Hays B. White, Rep 30,299
J. R. Connelly, Dem 22,740
Daniel Beeby, Soc 1,594
7. Counties of Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche.
Edwards. Finney. Ford. Grant. Gray. Greeley.
Hamilton, Harper. Hodgeman, Haskell, King-
man. Kiowa, Kearny. Lane, Meade. Morton.
Ness, Pawnee, Pratt, R«no. Rice, Rush, Scott,
Seward. Stafford. Stevens, Stanton and Wichita.
J. N. Tincher, Rep 37,722
Jouett Shouse, Dem 27,535
Mrs. C. C. Jeffrys, Soc 1,811
8. Counties of Butler, Harvey, MpPherson, Sedg-
wick and Sumner.
W. A. Ayers, Dem 22,044
C. C. Mack. Rep 20,209
S. O. Coble. Soc 820
Legislature.
The legislature Is republican.
State Officers.
Governor— Henry J. Allen, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor—Charles S. Huffman, Rep.
Secretary of State— L. J. Pettijohn, Rep.
Treasurer — Walter L. Payne, Rep.
Auditor — Fred W. Knapp. Rep.
Attorney-General — Richard J. Hopkins, Rep.
KENTUCKY (Population. 1916, 2,379,639).
Counties. , President, 1916. .,
Population (120) Dem. Rep. Pro.Soc.Prog.S.L.
in 191D. Wilson. Huehel.Htnlj.Bcnion. Reimer
16503 Adair 1675 1863 14 1 — 1
14882 Allen 1647 2147 34 4 2 —
10146 Anderson .... 1521 1065 26 1 — 1
12690 Ballard 2222 692 13 75 1 3
25293 Barren 3370 2462 33 23 — 2
13988 Bath 1796 1360 16 8 — 2
28447 Bell 1373 3321 19 54 2 1
9420 Boone 2008 531 9 — — —
17462 Bourbon 2715 2167 31 7 — —
23444 Boyd 2738 2883 60 62 2 6
14668 Boyle 2052 1494 23 3 — —
10308 Bracken 1676 1082 18 47 1 1
17540 Breathitt 2067 1584 22 3 — 0
21034 Breckinridge . 2172 2549 55 13 2 2
9487 Bullitt 1508 826 7 1 — -
15805 Butler 1158 2456 23 10 -, 1
14063 Cald well 1605 1672 17 49 2 1
19867 Galloway 3334 1026 18 135 — 3
59369 Campbell 7290 5696 % 513 2 11
9048 Carlisle 1646 494 12 «33 — —
8110 Carroll 1757 535 18 1 — —
21966 Carter 1954 2818 28 19 1 —
15479 Casey '... 1352 1949 30 8 2 «
38845 Christian 3644 4594 44 54 1 —
17987 Clark 2620 1731 31 6 — —
17789 Clay 820 2271 651 —
8153 Clinton 379 1260 14 — — —
13296 Crittenden ... 1455 1794 24 19 1 3
9846 Cumberland .. 653 1394 15 -
41020 Daviess 5396 4078 70 29 2 4
10469 Edmonson .... 935 1339 14 7 2 —
9814 Elliott 1151 525 10 1 — —
12273 Estill 1180 1524 21 — 1 2
47715 Fayette 6348 5472 70 19 2 3
16066 Fleming 2240 1836 40 1 2 1
294
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population. Wilson. nuf-hfs.Hinlj.Bemon.Prog.Reimer
18623 Floyd 2217 1823 10 16 — 5
21135 Franklin 3345 1426 18 12 — 3
14114 Fulton 2200 747 28 17 — 4
4697 Gallatln 1060 283 4 — 1 1
11894 Garrard 1375 1628 20 4 — 1
10581 Grant 1841 1078 36 3 1 —
33539 Graves 5197 1930 17 131 — 5
19958 Grayson 1953 2368 28 13 — 2
11871 Green 1239 1412 19 — 1 —
18475 Greenup 1820 1821 32 92 — 4
8512 Hancock 833 918 12 32 1 3
22696 Hardin 3272 1887 12 16 1 2
10566 Harlan 690 2670 22 53 — 1
16873 Harrison 2778 1409 52 7 — —
18173 Hart 2048 2031 20 36 6 —
29352 Henderson . . . 3699 2218 49 125 2 3
13716 Henry 2595 1302 23 5 — 2
11750 Hickman 1982 539 15 24 — —
34291 Hopkins 3757 3615 31 102 — 4
10734 Jackson 252 1968 16 3 — —
262920 Jefferson 28840 28386 205 883 12 93
12613 Jessamine .... 1727 1326 65 — — —
17482 Johnson 1253 2500 22 41 2 2
70355 Kenton 10402 5267 103 411 10 24
10791 Knott 1454 571 4 — — —
22116 Knox 1126 3192 20 24 3 —
10701 Larue 1350 936 12 1 1 1
19872 Laurel 1171 2383 18 78 3 3
20067 Lawrence .... 1910 1928 26 18 — —
9531 Lee 793 1135 12 1 — 4
8976 Leslie 133 1516 421 —
10623 Letcher 1121 2220 11 12 1 1
16887 Lewis ..- 1276 2324 40 69 1 4
17897 Lincoln 2212 1868 35 41 2 3
10627 Livingston ... 1287 923 12 83 — 3
24977 Logan 3373 2501 43 31 — 3
9423 Lyon 1191 748 12 9 — 5
26951 Madison 3295 3017 22 10 2 1
13654 Magoffin 1433 1535 23 5 2 3
16330 Marion 2063 1396 15 3 — —
15771 Marshall 2263 1201 20 46 — 2
7291 Martin 280 1100 8 15 1 1
18611 Mason 2820 2127 46 7 — —
35064 McCracken ... 4356 3058 28 211 3 18
McCreary .... 324 1630 5 22 1 1
13241 McLean 1389 1439 24 41 — —
9783 Meade 1317 803 8 36 — 1
6153 Menefee 730 369 — 1 1 —
14063 Mercer 2093 1531 31 4 — 2
10453 Metcalfe 1046 1170 15 4 1 1
13663 Monroe 882 2008 7121
12868 Montgomery . 1705 1195 11 12 2 1
16259 Morgan 2319 1123 14 7 4 4
28598 Muhlenburg .. 2900 3533 22 146 — 5
16836 Nelson 2639 1546 31 4 — 2
10601 Nicholas 1829 964 29 6 2 2
27642 Ohio 2723 3286 48 156 3 2
7248 Oldham 1455 642 14 5 — 2
14248 Owen 2911 663 23 10 — 2
7979 Owsley 197 1173 93 — —
11985 Pendleton .... 1728 1206 26 13 1 2
11255 Perry 904 2217 26 53 1 4
31679 Pike 3414 4212 42 31 — 4
6268 Powell 757 587 — — — —
35986 Pulaski 2531 4136 59 16 2 2
4121 Robertson ... 663 415 5 — — —
14473 Rockcastle .. 968 1932 78—3
9438 Rowan 881 941 12 5 1 —
10861 Russell 859 1298 24 5 — —
16956 Scott 2611 1486 21 7 2 4
18041 Shelby 2919 1863 17 5 1 2
11460 Simpson 1887 955 11 5 — —
7567 Spencer 1271 591 6 1 — —
11961 Taylor 1360 1332 19 5 — —
16488 Todd 2051 1671 31 28 — 2
14539 Trigg 1722 1533 14 60 4 3
6512 Trimble 1319 259 21 5 1 —
19886 Union 2754 1184 5 49 1 —
30579 Warren 4228 3002 54 11 4 6
13940 Washington .. 1654 1654 12 3 — —
17518 Wayne 1373 1638 22 1 — 3
20974 Webster 2673 2082 28 20 — —
31982 Whitley 1171 3919 15 33 2 4
9864 Wolfe 1108 645 6 — — —
12571 Woodford .... 1786 1300 11 9 — —
Total 26999024185430364734 122 321
Plurality 27253
Per cent 51.84 46.59 .58 .91 .02 .06
Total vote.... 518028
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
219,584 votes; Taft, Rep., 115,512; Roosevelt.
Frog., 102,766; Debs, Soc., 11,647; Chafin, Pro.,
3,233; Reimer, Soc.-Lab., 956.
For United States Senator, 1918.
A. O. Stanley, Dem 184,385
Ben L. Bruner, Rep 178,797
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Ballard, Caldw"ell, Galloway.
Carlisle, Crittenden, Fulton, Graves, Hickman,
Lyon. Livingston. Marshall, McCracken and
Trigg.
Allen W. Barkley, Dem ....19,998
W. G. Howard, Rep 9,947
2. The counties of Christian, Daviess. Hancock,
Henderson. Hopkins, McLean. Union and Web-
ster.
David H. Kincheloe. Dem 18,749
Ben T. Robinson, Rep 13,740
3. The counties of Allen, Barren, Butler. Edmon-
son, Logan. Metcalfe. Muhlenburg. Simpson.
Todd and Warren.
R. Y. Thomas, Jr., Dem 18,032
Bishop S. Huntsman, Rep 16,443
4. The counties of Breckinridge, Bullitt, Grayson,
Green, Hardin, Hart, Larue, Marion, Meade.
Nelson, Ohio, Taylor and Washington.
Ben Johnson, Dem 18,83<
John P. Haswell. Jr., Rep 17,075
5. The county of Jefferson.
Swager Sherley, Dem 20,703
Charles F. Ogden, Rep 21,788
6. The counties of Boone, Campbell, Carroll, Gal-
latin, Grant, Kenton, Pendleton and Trimble.
Arthur B. Rouse, Dem 19,039
Virgil Weaver, Rep 8,842
7. The counties of Bourbon, Clark. Estill. Fay-
ette. Franklin, Henry, Lee, Oldham. Owen,
Powell, Scott and Woodford.
J. C. Cantrill, Dem 19.612
A. B. Hammond, Rep 12,590
8. The counties of Adair, Anderson, Boyle, Casey,
Garrard. Jessamine, Lincoln, Madison, Mercer.
Shelby. Spencer.
Harvey Helm, Dem 15,270
Robert L. Davidson. Rep 13,673
9. The counties of Bracken, Bath, Boyd, Carter.
Elliott. Fleming, Greenup, Harrison, Lewis,
Lawrence, Mason, Menefee, Morgan, Nicholas,
Robertson. Rowan. Wolfe, Montgomery, Breath-
itt.
W. J. Fields, Dem 21,810
Trumbo Sindegas, Rep 18,106
10. The counties of Floyd, Jackson, Johnson,
Knott, Letcher, Martin, Magoffin, Owsley. Pike
and Perry fKnott county missing).
David Hays, Dem 6.511
John W. Langley, Rep 13.284
11. The counties of Bell, Clay, Clinton, Cumber-
land, Harlan, Knox, Leslie. McCreary, Monroe,
Fulaski. Russell. Rockcastle. Wayne. Whitley
and Laurel.
Nat W. Elliott, Dem 7,658
J. M. Robison, Rep 24.730
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Democrats 25 63 88
Republicans 12 37 49
State Officers.
Governor— A. O. Stanley, Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor—James D. Black, Dem."
Secretary of State — James P. Lewis, Rep.
Treasurer— Sherman Goodpaster, Dem.
Auditor— R. L. Greene, Dem.
Attorney-General—Charles R. Morris, Dem.
•Governor after March 4, 1919, A. O. Stanley
having been elected U. S. senator Nov. 5, 1918.
LOUISIANA (Population, 1916, 1,829.130).
Parishes. , — President, 1916. — >
Population (64) Rep. Dem. Prog.Soc.
in 1910. Uuzhw. Wilton. Benion
31847 Acadia 202 1165 22 1
Allen 81 708 2 —
23887 Ascension 106 531 61 —
24128 Assumption 221 489 373 —
34102 Avoyelles 44 1253 12 —
Beauregard 59 968 2 —
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
295
Population. Hughr-d. Wilson. Prog.Benson
21776 Blenvllle 20 1229 5 14
21738 Bossier 9 675 — —
58200 Caddo 151 3109 4 1
62767 Calcasleu 165 1798 10 1
8593 Caldwell 20 554 3 14
4288 Cameron 10 163 — —
10415 Catahoula 20 459 1 —
25050 Claiborne 15 1276 1 —
14278 Concordia 10 264 8 —
27689 DeSoto 17 1104 — 15
34580 East Baton Rouge 130 1482 35 —
11637 East Carroll 3 219 — —
20055 East Feliciana 21 489 1 —
Evangeline 26 808 37 —
11989 Franklin 10 684 — —
15958 Grant 31. 640 4 8
31262 Iberia 134 802 850 —
30954 Iberville 160 471 23 —
13818 Jackson 27 980 2 —
18247 Jefferson 56 1041 8 —
Jefferson Davis 200 656 17 17
28733 Lafayette 73 1066 476 —
33111 La Fourche 157 629 1149 —
9402 LaSalle 20 610 8 —
18485 Lincoln 42 932 41
10627 Livingston 35 503 18 1
10676 Madison 1 187 — —
18786 Morehouse 3 564 1 2
36455 Natchitoches 45 1181 7 25
39075 Orleans (city) 2581 30936 516 —
25830 Ouachita 35 1215 3 2
12524 Plaquemines 43 461 7 —
25289 Pointe Coupee 37 301 15 —
44545 Rapldes 134 2184 24 —
11402 Red River 4 567 — —
15769 Richland 7 650 — —
19874 Sabine 30 1147 5 —
5277 St. Bernard 23 363 5 —
1120' St. Charles 30 297 3 —
9171 St. Helena 9 319 6 —
23009 St. James 185 520 22 —
14338 St. John the Baptist.. 115 289 8 —
66«61 St. Landry 117 139 121 —
23070 St. Martin 36 971 392 —
39368 St. Mary 162 652 605 —
18917 St. Tammany 95 782 15 —
29160 Taiigipahoa 159 1326 12 —
17060 Tensas 5 204 2 —
28320 Terre Bonne 113 606 588 —
20451 Union 22 1106 1 10
26390 Vermilion 78 1340 832 10
17384 Vernon — — — —
18886 Washington 66 1094 14 —
19186 Webster 6 1040 2 15
12636 West Baton Rouge 28 237 6 —
6249 West Carroll 14 311 2 14
13449 West Feliciana 8 261 6 —
18357 Winn 50 868 — 104
Total 6466 79875 6349 284
Plurality 73409
Per cent 6.98 85.95 6.74 0.3
Total vote 92974
For United States Senators, 1918.
J. B. Ransdell. Dem. (long term) 44,224
Edward J. Gay. Dem. (short term) 44.345
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Parishes of Orleans (half), St. Bernard and
Plaquemines.
Albert Estopinal, Dem 11,060
2. Parishes of Orleans (half), Jefferson, St.
Charles, St. John the Baptist and St. James.
H. Garland Dupre, Dem 10,391
3. Parishes of Assumnrlon, Iberia, Lafayette,
La Fourchp. St. V« n, St. Mary, Terre Bonne
and Vermilion.
Whit P. Martin, Dem 2,888
4. Parishes of Caddo, DeSoto, Bossier, Red River,
Webster. Bienville, Claiborne.
John T. Watkins. Dem 5,299
5. Parishes of Catahoula. Jackson, Caldwell,
West Carroll, Concordia, East Carroll, Frank-
lin. Madison, Morehouse, Ouachita, Richland,
Tonsas. Union and Lincoln.
Riiey J. Wilson, Dem 3,831
6. Parishes of Ascension, Iberville, East Baton
Rouge, East Feliciana, Livingston, St. Helena,
St. Tammany, Tangipahoa. Washington, West
Baton Rogue, West Feliciana and Pointe
Coupee.
Jared Y. Sanders, Dem 3,659
7. Parishes of Acadia. Calcasleu, Cameron.
Evangeline, St. Landry, Allen, Beauregard,
Jefferson Davis.
L. Lazaro, Dem 3,584
8. Parishes of Avoyelles, Grant, Rapides, Nat-
chitoches, Winn, Sabine, LaSalle, Vernon.
J. B. Aswell, Dem 4,082
Legislature.
Both branches of the legislature are democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— Ruffin G. Pleasant.
Lieutenant-Governor— Fernand L. Mouton.
Secretary of State — James J. Bailey.
Treasurer— Henry Hunsicker.
MAINE (Population, 1016, 778,489).
Comities. .- — President 1916 ;
Population (16) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
JJ1U- HugW Wilson. BooBon. H»nlr
59b22 Androscoggln 4496 5464 279 47
74664 Aroostook 5775 2420 48 50
112014 Cumberland 11768 9795 321 76
19119 Franklin 1988 1908 63 26
35575 Hancock 3191 3303 125 21
528G3 Kennebec 6731 5527 223 51
2S981 Knox 2211 3434 179 22
18216 Lincoln 1781 1718 51 11
36256 Oxford 4026 3615 96 33
85285 Penobscot 7322 7395 135 70
19887 Piscataquis 2141 1763 30 20
18574 Sagadahoc 1828 1791 91 20
36301 Somerset 3567 3134 236 21
23383 Waldo 2418 2539 104 21
42905 Washington 3890 3459 63 36
68526 York 6373 6853 142 64
Total 69506 64118 2186 595
Plurality 5388
Per cent 50.96 47.00 1.60 .44
Total vote 136405
For president In 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
51,113 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 48,493; Taft, Rep.,
26,545; Debs, Soc., 2,511; Chafln, Pro., 944.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Bert M. Fernald, Rep 67,431
Elmer E. Newbert. Dem 54.839
For Governor, 1918.
Carl E. Milliken, Rep 64,069
Bertrand G. Mclntire, Dem »58,918
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Cumberland and York.
Louis B. Goodall, Rep 15,565
Lucius B. Swett. Dem 13,389
2. Counties of Androscoggin, Franklin, Knox, Lin-
coln, Oxford and Sagadahoc.
Wallace W. White, Jr., Rep 17,928
D. J. McGillicuddy, Dem 15,144
3. Counties of Hancock, Kennebec, Somerset,
Waldo and Washington.
John A. Peters, Rep 20,293
Edward Chase, Dem 14,930
4. Counties of Aroostook. Penobscot and Pisca-
taquis.
Ira G. Hersey. Rep 14,275
Leon 'G. C. Brown, Dem 10,313
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 29 HO 139
Democrats 2 41 43
State Officert.
Governor— Carl E. Milliken. Rep.
Secretary— Joseph E. Alexander, Rep.
Treasurer— Joseph W. Simpson, Rep.
MARYLAND (Population, 1916, 1,362,807) .
Counties. , President, 1916. »
Population (23) Dem. Rep. Pro. Soc.S.L.
ESS Wilson. Hu|?h«. Hwily. B,n.WnR1m«
>2411 Allegany 4859 5760 147 377 29
J9553 Anne Arundel... 4111 2705 134 137 29
122399 Baltimore 15226 12633 336 158 it
296
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population. Wilson. Hughes. Ilanlj.Beinon.Il'mcr
10326 Calvert 910 975 37 27 8
19216 Caroline 1965 1666 55 7 19
33934 Carroll 4016 3602 108 16 32
23759 Cecil 2587 1959 42 13 26
16386 Charles 1363 1374 80 9 33
28669 Dorchester 2750 2468 76 11 15
52673 Frederick 6094 5725 119 75 13
20105 Garrett 1031 1808 35 67 13
27965 Harford 3345 2302 60 16 9
16196 Howard 1913 1346 35 11 18
16957 Kent 1886 1673 20 12 16
32089 Montgomery ... 3805 2913 85 43 8
36147 Prince George.. 3493 3058 76 83 24
16S39 Queen Anne.... 2206 1242 43 3 5
17030 St. Mary 1443 1064 57 33 14
26455 Somerset 1885 2364 105 38 11
19620 Talbot 2180 1753 131 19 8
48671 Washington .... 5642 5093 91 267 7
26815 Wicomico 3285 2539 88 5 5
21841 Worcester 2138 1520 107 31 31
558485 Baltimore city. 60226 49805 836 1216 330
Total 138359 117347 2903 2674 736
Plurality 21012
Per cent 52.80 44.78 1.11 1.02 .29
Total vote 262039
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., had 112,674
votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 57.789; Taft, Rep.,
54.956; Debs, Soc.. 3,996; Chafln, Pro., 2,244;
Reimer, Soc.-Lab., 322.
For United States Senator, 1916.
Joseph Irwin France, Rep 113,662
David J. Lewis, Dem 109.740
James W. Frizzell, Pro 3,325
5. L. V. Young, Soc 2,550
Frank N. H. Lang, Soc.-Lab 1,143
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Worcester. Somerset, Wicomico,
Dorchester, Talbot, Queen. Anne, Caroline,
Kent and Cecil.
Jesse D. Price, Dem 13.913
William N. Andrews, Rep 14,219
2. Baltimore city, wards 15 and 16: counties of
Carroll. Harford and Baltimore.
Carville D. Benson, Dem 17,985
Charles J. Hull, Rep 14,758
William. H. Champlin, Soc 568
3. Baltimore city, wards 1, 2, 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. 8 and
22 and the 9th, 10th, llth and 13th precincts of
the 18th ward.
Charles P. Coady, Dem 12,422
Charles A. Jording, Rep 8,244
William A. Toole, Soc 604
4. Baltimore city, wards 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 17,
19 and 20 and the 1st, 2d. 3d and 12th precincts
of the 18th ward.
J. Charles Linthicum, Dem 14.689
Walter E. Knickham, Rep 10,718
Charles B. Lazzell, Soc 368
B. Baltimore city, wards 21, 23 and 24 and the
4th. r,th. 6th. 7th and 8th precincts of the 18th
ward, counties of St. Mary, Charles, Calvert,
Prince George, Annf Arundel and Howard.
' Sydney E. Mudd, Rep 13,266
Frank M. Duvall, Dem 10,987
James L. Smiley, Soc 464
6. Counties of Allegany, Garrett, Washington,
Montgomery and Frederick.
Frederick N. Zihlman, Rep 14,872
Henry D. Etchison, Dem 11,469
S. L. V. Young, Soc 708
Legislature. Senate. Hopse. J.B.
Republicans 11 44 55
Democrats 16 56 72
People's
State Officers.
Governor — Emerson C. Harrington, Dem.
Secretary — Thomas W. Simmons.
Treasurer — John M. Dennis.
Comptroller — Hugh H. McMullen, Dem.
Attorney-General— Albert C. Ritchie. Dem.
MASSACHUSETTS
Counties. f
Population (14)
in Win.
27542 Barnstable ...
105259 Berkshire ....
31S573 Bristol
4504 Dukes
430477 Essex
43600 Franklin
231369 Hampden ....
63327 Hampshire ...
669915 Miadlesex ....
2962 Nantucket ....
187506 Norfolk
144337 Plymouth
731388 Suffolk
399657 Worcester
Absent voters.
(Pop., 1916, 3,719,156).
President 1916 .,
Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro. S.-L.
lughes. Wilson. Bi-nson. Hani/. Keiu,"
2836
9787
IMU
8357
22578 18065
464 309
35909
4353
18207 17028
5748 4202
60802 49844
249 307
19284 12702
13515 11009
39 55
484 103
932 332
9 5
32489 2093 426
3054 166 60
761 204
190
1063
6
61
11
58
143
169
13
77
83 13
609 151
1
188
1041 142
42492 61047 1998 353
32541 27540 1064 432
19 40 — —
1
55
45
258
103
Total 268784 247885 11058 2993 1097
Plurality 20899
Per cent 50.54 46.61 2.08 .56 .21
Total vote.... 531817
For governor in 1917 McCall, Rep., received
226,145 votes: Mansfield, Dein., 135.666; Hayes,
Soc.-Lab.. 5,243; McCarty, Soc., 16,608; Lawrence.
Pro., 4,265.
For United States Senator, 1918.
David I. Walsh, Dem 207,478
John W. Weeks; Rep 188,287
Thomas W. Lawson, Ind 21,985
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Berkshire, Franklin (part), Hamp-
den (part) and Hampshire (part).
Allen T. Treadway, Rep 15,953.
Thomas F. Cassidy, Dem 11,394
2. Counties of Franklin (part), Hampden (part)
and Hampshire (part).
Frederick H. Gillett, Rep 20,277
3. Counties of Franklin (part), Hampden (part),
Hampshire (part), Middlesex (part) and Worces-
ter (part).
Calvin D. Paige, Rep 15,267
Eaton D. Sargent, Dem 9,982
4. Counties of Middlesex (part) and Worcester
(part).
Samuel E. Winslow, Rep 14,141
John F. McGrath, Dem : 12,792
5. Counties of Essex (part), Middlesex (part) and
Worcester (part).
John J. Rogers, Rep 20,496
6. County of Essex (part).
Wilfred W. Lufkin, Rep 21,147
Estus E. Eames, Soc 2,648
7. 'County of Essex (part).
Charles C. Johnson, Rep 16,754
Michael F. Phelan, Dem 14,437
8. County of Middlesex (part).
Frederick W. Dallinger, Rep 16,234
James F. Aylward, Dem -...11,717
9. Counties of Middlesex (part) and Suffolk (part^.
Alvan T. Fuller, Rep 17,597
Henry C. Rowland, Dem 8,022
10. Wards 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6. 7. 8. 9 and 11 (precincts
1 and 2> of Boston, in Suffolk county.
John F. Fitzgerald, Dem 7,241
Peter F. Tague, Tnd 7,002
H. T. Fletcher, Rep 1,071
11. Wards 10, 11 (precincts 3, 4. 5. 6, 7, 8, 9), 12,
18, 19. 21, 22. 23 of Boston, in Suffolk county.
George H. Tinkham, Rep 13.644
Francis J. Horgan, Dem 10,529-
12. Wards 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20 and 24 of Boston,
. In Suffolk county.
James A. Gallivan, Dem 18,349
Harrison H. Atwood, Rep — 7,709
13. Counties of Middlesex (part), Norfolk (part),
Suffolk (ward 25 in Boston) and Worcester
(part).
Robert Luce, Rep 18,257
Aloysius J. Doon, Dem 12,538
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
297
14. Counties of Bristol (part), Norfolk (part),
Plymouth (part) and Suffolk (ward 26 in Bos-
ton).
Richard Olney II., Dem 18.009
Louis F. R. Langelier, Rep 13,832
15. Counties of Bristol (part) and Plymouth
(part).
William S. Greene, Rep 12,952
Arthur J. B. Cairtier. Dem 8,031
16. Counties of Barnstable, Bristol (part), Dukes,
Nantucket, Norfolk (part) and Plymouth (part).
Joseph Walsh, Rep 13,874
Frederick Tudor, Dem 8,357
MICHIGAN (Populati
Counties. , Presi
Legislature. Senate.House. J B.
Republicans 30 181 211
Democrats' 10 59 69
State Officers.
Governor — Samuel McCall, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — Charming H. Cox, Rep.
Secretary of State — Albert P. Langtry. Rep.
Treasurer and Receiver-General — Charles L. Bur-
rill, Rep.
Auditor— Alonzo B. Cook, Rep.
Attorney-General— Henry C. Atwlll, Rep.
on. 1916, 3,054.854) .
lent. 1916. N , President 1912 N
Population (83)
in 1910.
Rep.
Hughes.
Dem
Wilson
. Soc.
Benson
Pro.S.L.
. lluulj.Keimei
Rep.
. ..at.
Dem. Pro. Soc. S.-L.Proe.
Wilson. Chata. Debs.R»imer.Roosevelt
573
453 38
10
3.
292
145
9
82
1
465
7675 Alger
687
65
1 55
24
6.
294
264
18
52
—
471
39819 Allegan
4803
359
223
136
10.
2130
1935
133
295
26
3119
19965 Alpena
2020
139
i 61
12
2.
710
1112
24
63
4
1660
15692 Antrim
1336
93
! 150
52
8.
601
455
38
181
—
1234
9640 Arenac
911
93
i 59
32
4.
423
453
43
116
3
959
6127 Baraga
748
46
! 88
8
2.
297
281
IV
37
—
511
22633 Barry
3157
249
112
99
7.
1590
1806
121
105
5
1889
68238 Bay
6708
599
i 317
66
43.
2614
2989
?,38
521
83
4769
10638 Benzie
900
77
' 159
64
14.
565
331
102
266
8
649
53622 Berrien
7511
605
231
132
63.
2757
4234
179
445
4353
25605 Branch
3100
306
! 93
98
3.
1879
2185
126
170
8
1839
56638 Calhoun
6484
803'
648
194
49.
3469
3793
229
989
166
4472
20624 Cass
2518
266
i 142
60
9.
1472
2081
75
344
1442
19157 Charlevoix
1877
115
! 307
70
24.
1300
568
46
409
6
1203
17872 Cheboygan
1576
138
) 89
21
5.
900
979
31
146
15
1178
24472 Chippewa
2365
176i
140
47
8.
890
883
251
193
7
1605
9240 Clare
1049
76
i 76
n
2.
561
437
30
126
7
663
23129 Clinton
3381
209'
39
64
1.
1737
1729
91
41
3
1826
3934 Crawford
409
45
i 19
6
1.
261
187
9
35
1
250
30108 Delta
3088
178
244
40
16.
1114
1061
45
246
1922
20524 Dickinson
2393
129
L 213
43
7.
1384
361
43
234
7
1338
30499 Eaton v
3802
346
107
97
14.
2335
2481
m
123
19
2334
18561 Emmet
1724
136
! 290
45
7.
835
925
56
420
1104
64555 Genesee
9353
931
L 416
197
38.
3447
3016
255
659
35
5948
8413 Gladwin
935
72<
i 62
36
6.
639
336
2fi
88
5
563
23333 Gogebic
2204
154
) 123
128
9.
825
572
147
124
1368
23784 Grand Traverse
1917
184
i 331
63
26.
910
943
58
292
19
1697
28820 Gratiot
3434
296
' 60
121
9.
1810
1836
83
45
3
2135
29673 Hillsdale
3463
342
43
178
0.
1443
2238
176
60
6
3071
88098 Houghton
8013
461,
. .273
401
14.
3575
2385
371
448
10
5472
34758 Huron
4743
181
i 74
59
2.
1821
1238
51
69
3188
53310 Ingham
7846
766'
1 623
235
59.
3519
3927
326
573
50
4810
33550 Ionia
3950
391
L 139
159
9.
2045
2766
168
173
2599
9753 losco
984
72
i 24
19
1.
519
420
25
30
\
814
15164 Iron
2139
87
125
21
5.
1037
221
108
?7
883
23029 Isabella
2700
214,
73
87
5.
1424
1403
64
142
4
1777
53426 Jackson
6938
805
203
219
14.
2465
4290
204
378
33
5841
60427 Kalamazoo >
5951
716'
794
243
21.
2659
3685
407
1448
40
4177
8097 Kalkaska
724
43
i 80
20
6.
449
298
44
129
4
479
159145 Kent
16095
2036
939
502
3.
6538
9437
452
1900
fif)
13617
7156 Keweenaw
860
19
21
26
2.
497
60
17
33
1
505
4939 Lake
588
34'
29
5
— .
230
189
9
46
480
26033 Lapeer
3345
193'
23
101
9.
1735
1208
104
39
4
2322
10608 Leelanau
984
76.
: 56
21
2.
624
349
?3
86
4
687
47907 Lena wee
6247
551!
78
159
9.
2999
4247
141
3512
17736 Livingston
2460
229'
r 9
65
4.
1407
1963
104
14
1
1457
4004 Luce
527
25'
6
17
— .
234
102
8
11
271
9249 Mackinac
1082
90
i 31
6
_
612
733
a
396
32606 Macomb
4552
310!
42
93
9.
2519
2838
110
31
6
1808
26688 Manistee
2360
217'
' 106
52
9.
1237
1804
79
290
14
1316
46739 Marquette
5263
262!
331
98
13.
2617
1000
109
492
22
3625
21832 Mason
2198
168<
175
72
' 843
1072
104
176
3
1737
19466 Mecosta
2455
147
255
84
7.
1054
971
85
203
6
1654
25648 Menominee
2671
185'
117
48
2
1192
1199
34
193
4
1825
14005 Midland
2104
145'
60
15
6.
906
671
43
45
1
1443
10606 Missaukee
1160
91'
26
25
2.
672
346
35
83
8
903
32917 Monroe
3787
420
i 47
82
1 .
2251
2933
89
70
9
1890
32069 Montcalm
3894
280
108
140
10.
1876
1381
114
290
19
2853
3755 Montmorency
396
27:
54
7
1.
325
163
3
16
239
40577 Muakegon
5692
446,
> 601
128
27.
1526
1679
73
639
29
4331
19220 Newaygo
2417
162,
90
16.
961
778
78
246
9
1861
49576 Oakland
7730
665!
292
200
25.
4087
3676
252
217
4
3317
18379 Oceana
1957
138'
170
82
10.
856
804
115
121
11
1847
8907 Ouemaw
878
74
: 42
51
1.
539
317
42
78
6
731
8650 Ontonagon
2193
128,
> 18
47
— ,
721
359
21
137
—
513
17889 Osceola
1235
88
1 122
25
5.
1328
612
96
103
5
1417
2027 Oscoda
245
175 5
5
— .
110
68
1
3
1
159
298
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population.
Huzhex. Wilson. Benscn
iHanly. Rainier
Tail.
Wilson. Chafln.
Debs.Reim>r.RooKTelt.
6552 Otsego
531
519
9
16
5
. 449
195
15
12
__
381
45301 Ottawa
5484
3941
244
85
6.
. 1831
2043
125
335
16
4416
11249 Presque Isle
1407
806
60
8
6.
. 732
263
1?,
59
1
899
2274 Roscommon
311
239
24
3
.5.
. 136
150
fi
30
295
89290 Saginaw
9544
8434
312
144
27.
. 5040
5850
175
1392
_
5679
33930 Sanilac
4639
1867
38
117
2
. 2170
1172
113
72
4
3227
8681 Schoolcraft
994
623
45
15
9.
. 596
341
14
49
3
575
33246 Shiawassee
3326
3308
180
233
7.
. 2314
1959
J>65
?,50
13
2908
62341 St. Clair
6538
. 4617
129
99
9.
. 2974
3011
11?,
241
a
4428
25499 St. Joseph
3132
3567
191
62
7.
. 1224
2396
90
326
10
2399
34913 Tuscola
4461
2329
52
171
13
. 2568
1257
148
58
11
3357
33185 Van Buren
4302
3225
167
66
16.
. 2112
2006
88
2828
44714 Washtena w
6505
5279
136
106
__
. 2495
4164
118
Ifi
3642
531590 Wayne
70056
60935
3204
980
9.
. 27034
22916
583
3693
265
35170
20769 Wexford
2333
1683
115
95
— .
. 1076
820
127
311
17
1716
Total
337952
283993
16012
8085
831.
.152244
150751 8934 23211
1252 214584
Plurality
53959
.
62340
.
. 27.63
27.36
1.62
4.21
.23
38.95
Total vote
For United States Senator, 1918.
Truman H. Newberry, Rep 220,064
Henry Ford, Dem 212,487
Edward O. Foss, Soc 4,763
William J. Faull. Pro 1.133
For Governor, 1918.
Albert E. Sleep*. Rep 266.738
John W. Bailey, Dem 158,142
Ernest J. Moore, Soc 7,068
John S. McColl, Pro 1,637
Paul O. Hinds. Soc.-Lab 790
For Representatives in Congress. 1918.
1. Wayne county (part).
Frank E. Doremus, Dem 22,549
James W. Hanley, Rep 14,063
Nathan N. Welch. Soc 752
2. Jackson, Washtenaw, Wayne (part), Lenawee
and Monroe counties.
Earl C. Michener, Rep 20,831
Samuel W. Beakes, Dem 16,276
Milton V. Breitmeyer, Soc 247
Ernest J. Moore. Soc.-Lab 39
3. Branch, Calhoun, Eaton, Hillsdale and Kala-
mazoo counties.
John M. C. Smith. Rep 15,418
Howard W. Cavanagh, Dem 8,891
Will H. Ressequie, Soc 281
4. Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph and
Van Buren counties.
Edward L. Hamilton. Rep 20,904
James O'Hara. Dem 10.S42
6. Kent and Ottawa counties.
Carl E. Mapes, Rep... 22,917
Peter J. Danhoff. Dem 10.783
George W. Eldridge, Soc 685
6. Genesee, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland and
Wayne (part) counties.
Patrick H. Kelley, Rep 29,183
Oscar Sand, Soc 801
7. Huron, Lapeer, Macomb, Sanilac, St. Clair
and Tuscola counties.
Louis C. Crampton, Rep 20,573
John W. Scully, Dem 7.155
John Dubel, Soc 344
646873 .. 550976
8. Clinton. Gratlot, Ionia, Montcalm, Saginaw
and Shiawassee counties.
Joseph W. Fordney, Rep 22,240
Miles J. Purcell, Dem 13,153
9. Benzie, Grand Traverse, Lake, Leelanau, Man-
istee, Mason, Missaukee, Muskegon, Newaygo,
Ooeana and Wexford counties.
James C. McLaughlin, Rep 17,624
Charles M. Black. Dem 8,317
Edward Genia. Soc 604
10. Alcona, Arenae, Bay, Clare, Crawford, Glad-
win, Josco, Isabella. Mecosta, Midland, Oge-
maw, Osceola, Oscoda and Roscommon coun-
ties.
Gilbert A. Currie. Rep 18,409
Henry C. Haller, Dem 8,312
George A. Alpin 362
11. Alger, Alpena, Antrim, Charlevolx, Cheboy-
gan, Chippewa, Delta, Emmett, Kalkaska,
Luce, Mackinac, Menominee, Montmorency,
Otsego, Presque Isle and Schoolcraft counties.
Frank D. Scott, Rep 16.365
Michael J. Doyle. Dem 8.183
12. Baraga, Dickinson, Gosrebie, Houphton, Iron,
Keweenaw, Marquette and Ontonagon counties.
"W. Frank James. Rep 17.315
Albert S. Ley, Dem 6,681
John Kuskilu, Soc 804
13. Wayne county (part),
Charles A. Nichols, Rep 24,525
Louis W. McLear, Dem 11,617
Maurice Sugar, Soc 516
Legislature.
Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans ....................... 32
Democrats ......................... 0
130
2
State Officers.
Governor— Albert E. Sleeper, Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — L.. D. Dickinson, Rep.
Treasurer— Samuel Odell, Rep.
Secretary of State — Ooleman C. Vaughan, Rep.
Attorney-General — Alexander J. Groesbeck, Rep,
Auditor— O. B. Fuller, Rep.
Counties.
P» elation (86)
1910.
10371 Aitkin 1122
12493 Anoka 1262
18840 Becker .. 1761
19337 Beltrami 1831
11615 Benton 1020
9367 Big Stone 810
29337 Blue Earth 2864
20134 Brown 2078
17559 Carlton 1096
17455 Carver 1950
11620 Cass 982
13458 Chippewa 1311
13537 Chisago 1749
19640 Clay 1549
6870 Clearwater 493
1336 Cook 125
MINNESOTA (Population,
, President 1916 x
Rep. Dem. _Soc. Pro.
1916, 2,279,603) .
,-U. S. Sen. 1916-^ , Governor 1916 ,
Rep. Dem. Pro. Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro. S.-L.
"tt»on
44
37
CO
78
37
33
60
66
34
48
46
39
32
54
33
A-rtrui. ouvj. i iw. ucv.
Wilson. Benson. Hanlj. Kollogg.
LSCUJ. i. lu. ivt?y. jutriu. ouv. LTI\J,
Lawler.Calderwd.Burnqui8i.Dw7er.Bentall.Anderto:
877
385
42..
1194
546
562..
1487
385
398
126
1171
77
66..
1272
704
695..
1767
540
114
171
1453
181
91..
1884
870
686..
2306
697
224
222
1912
716
56..
1798
1168
725..
2226
787
773
180
945
81
22..
1144
653
307..
1343
563
92
82
869
77
48..
894
503
371..
1175
413
83
139
2211
95
131..
2594
1718
1143..
3797
1229
127
311
1101
252
39..
1996
1030
440..
2370
725
254
115
1115
425
90..
1158
749
611..
1451
549
510
208
. 960
34
24..
1819
1076
323..
2298
731
40
79
1260
281
42..
1078
710
613..
1460
564
302
128
1134
261
93..
1313
545
915..
1951
407
293
219
944
130
32..
1583
361
828..
2468
226
126
83
1716
104
84..
1819
933
670..
2254
831
144
201
544
158
36..
596
272
351..
846
143
178
81
162
63
13..
172
88
80..
216
48
66
27
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
299
Population.
Hughes. Wilson. Buuon. Ilanlj.
. 1425 762 116 63.
Kellogg. Lawler.CalderwU
1172 355 751.
1898 1031 775.
1904 2021 715.
1194 417 576.
1722 641 984.
1997 637 928.
2595 712 1178.
2303 670 1052.
2803 988 2020.
929 278 501.
30574 22434 12594.
1542 568 526.
854 459 275.
984 306 905.
1423 1086 462.
1448 745 608.
804 314 362.
1602 715 1551.
776 303 529.
698 679 322.
1655 490 702.
462 344 435.
1378 1500 582.
863 623 458.
1599 938 872.
1681 1088 552.
319 275 102.
1632 713 841.
1895 935 761.
1707 801 903.
1255 495 702.
1812 1385 739.
2259 960 915.
1266 745 351.
1090 679 496.
1453 815 425.
1120 440 921.
2116 978 1146.
4382 1569 1793.
1005 457 641.
1414 1002 897.
953 468 438.
2944 1722 1745.
1486 395 658.
14826 17895 5190.
661 396 200.
1969 840 691.
2196 952 1260.
2527 1440 849.
1218 404 289.
877 424 720.
11689 9568 3938..
885 1342 245.
1036 349 376.
1597 759 534.
3725 3311 959.
1855 1043 592.
940 588 254.
1190 708 782.
2087 1317 881.
834 482 189.
1750 1138 557.
9SO 408 290.
1511 926 507.
2265 1070 755.
1215 442 419.
816 497 246.
2145 2220 812.
2539 1406 1199.
1581 516 783.
tJurnquiflt.Dwjer.Bcntall.AnderBonJ'nson
1744 305 103 167 19
2318 824 517 178 62
2507 1507 205 224 85
1623 333 51 145 16
2372 506 186 330 47
2564 542 105 308 49
3483 616 82 304 41
2952 560 119 363 53
4522 725 144 345 68
1346 199 68 125 11
39756 19790 6206 2414 663
1898 533 37 122 39
956 378 188 98 18
1748 166 249 162 37
1636 890 527 112 54
1965 632 84 138 39
1085 214 209 56 18
2784 488 216 399 40
1217 211 87 117 27
917 545 295 64 36
2224 357 101 222 18
574 205 520 93 11
2022 1184 73 115 58
1262 517 42 145 42
2216 748 207 530 43
2224 824 120 151 55
391 212 61 21 28
2279 507 214 248 56
2651 683 90 201 49
2462 578 258 158 34
1739 339 278 133 47
2354 1100 229 179 79
3001 827 91 190 64
1615 584 79 100 18
1526 429 46 119 25
1860 668 64 104 25
1597 371 227 305 22
2886 931 95 240 59
5524 1155 560 571 148
1365 368 273 155 46
2117 737 356 159 57
1235 364 158 116 20
4180 1381 505 473 101
1984 301 37 234 49
21260 12789 2467 1010 482
762 362 56 69 22
2508 636 138 158 49
3133 753 150 357 65
3299 1075 82 254 132
1396 355 54 95 22
1187 307 425 185 42
13681 7829 2954 1539 368
1185 1100 28 97 56
1279 274 59 134 27
2094 583 45 120 45
2743 2502 187 389 159
2308 936 48 122 45
1182 453 37 91 20
1798 605 87 176 38
2544 1075 409 313 83
1086 368 34 43 17
2152 973 52 184 47
11.18 368 132 71 32
1962 738 60 118 54
2910 801 154 196 41
1667 354 32 76 23
1009 403 64 79 25
3711 816 183 284 135
3591 1111 156 289 107
2191 377 133 231 57
1715 1568 445 101.
25171 Dakota
. .. 1881 2373 144 110.
. . . 1260 895 45 53 .
1709 1398 176 113.
. .. 2184 1123 76 151.
25680 Fillmore
. .. 2950 1315 92 164.
. . . 2418 1347 106 152 .
31637 Goodhue
. .. 3471 1875 122 178.
. .. 878 778 66 61.
... 27957 36395 3302 771.
14297 Houston
.. 1783 744 23 28.
9831 Hubbard
. .. 685 799 171 37.
12615 Isinti
.. 1123 935 217 56.
.. 1163 1504 429 47.
... 1503 1272 75 41.
... 776 608 174 23.
18969 Kandiyohi
... 1612 1968 167 104.
9669 Kittson
. .. 709 749 107 44.
. .. 474 1089 255 19.
.. 1614 1047 100 98.
8011 Lake .
... 401 506 366 50.
18609 Le Sueur
. . . 1430 1723 53 46 .
9874 Lincoln
. .. 777 1174 40 42.
15722 Lyon ...
... 1389 1893 200 78.
18691 McLeod ....
. . . 1772 1305 69 59 .
. .. 262 411 43 4.
16338 Marshall
. . . 1461 1513 204 83 .
17^18 Martin
. . . 1741 1756 88 107 .
. . . 1780 1475 67 54 .
10705 Mille Lacs
. . . 1127 1113 248 39 .
. . . 1887 1650 225 100 .
... 2520 1572 64 82
11755 Murray
. . . 1137 1193 69 37
14125 Nicollet
. . . 1288 814 38 58 .
15210 Nobles .
... 1413 1280 46 62
13446 Norman
. . . 1046 1076 227 130 .
22497 Olmsted
. . . 2101 1926 90 112
46036 Otter Tail
. . . 4328 2858 502 258
. . . 868 1004 237 35 .
15878 Pine
... 1531 1507 341 70
9553 Pipestone
. . . 1010 732 151 32 .
36001 Polk
. . . 2471 3498 381 155 .
12746 Pope
... 1321 1121 57 78.
823675 Ramsey
. . . 13317 22291 1684 516 .
15940 Red Lake i
463 694 50 21
18425 Redwood
. . . 2029 1361 121 49 .
23123 Renville
. . . 2432 1660 115 191 .
25911 Rice
. . . 2408 2083 56 98 .
10222 Rock
... 1196 705 66 33.
11338 Roseau
821 834 405 55
163274 St Louis
... 10834 12056 2544 615.
14888 Scott
. .. 972 1361 13 24.
8136 Sherburne ...
. . 965 731 41 47 .
15540 Sibley
.. 1737 973 37 34
47733 Stearns
... 4312 3350 141 104.
16146 Steele
. . . 1734 1497 41 47
8293 Stevens
... 943 787 24 40
12949 Swift
. . . 1339 1151 85 55
23407 Todd
... 1919 1922 339 132
8049 Traverse
... 774 779 27 9
18554 Wabasha
... 1787 1449 .41 84.
8652 Wadena
938 651 116 20
13466 Waseca
... 1522 1178 47 60.
26013 Washington
. . . 2167 1610 149 118
11382 Watonwan
. . . 1300 801 30 35
9063 Wilkin
690 808 42 21
33398 Winona
. . . 2916 2907 133 87
28082 Wright
... 2683 2262 87 97
15406 Yellow Medicine
... 1501 1238 149 107.
Total
Plurality
. , , 179544 179152 20117 7793.
392
185171 117543 78426.
67678
48.58 30.84 20.58 .
381140
d H. Evans, Farn
For United Sta
245852 93115 26306 19885 5476
152737
. 62.94 23.83 6.73 5.09 1.41
390634
jer-Labor Ill ,948
Per cent
Total vote
... 46.35 46.24 5.19 2.02.
387378
For president in 1912 Taft.
votes : Wilson, Dem.. 106,426
125,856; Debs, Soc., 27,505;
Reimer, Soc. -Lab., 2,212.
For president in 1916 Rei
ceived 468 votes and Meier.
For Governor,
Joseph A. A. Burnquist, Rep
Fred E. Wheaton, Dem
Rep., received 64,334 Davi
; Roosevelt, Prog.,
Chafin, Pr6.. 7.886;
Knu
mer, Soc. -Lab., re- Wil1
Pro. (elector). 290. J
1918. ^
tes Senator, 1918,
206,555
Is G. Calderwood.
'''or Representativ
ounties of Dodge,
, Mower, Olmsted
3 Winona.
Iney Anderson, Re
unties of Blue E
ribault, Jackson,
National 137,274
es in Congress, 1918.
Fillmore. Freeborn. Hous-
Steele. Wabasha. Wnseca
p 29,337
76.793 Sv
Olaf O Stageberg, National.
6,648 2. Ck
arth. Brown, Cottonwood.
Lincoln, Martin, Murray,
L. P. Bcrot. Soc...
,. 7,794 Fa
£00
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Nobles, Pipestone, Redwood, Rock and Waton-
wan.
Franklin F. Ellsworth, Rep 24,888
Frank Simon. Dem 11,161
•3. Counties of Carver. Dakota. Goodhue. Le
Sueur, McLeod, Nicollet, Rice. Scott. Sibley
and Washington.
Charles R. Davis, Rep 20,092
John J. JFarrell. Dem 17,530
4. County of Ramsey.
Walter Mallory, Rep 11.498
Carl C. Van Dyke, Dem 18,736
E. First, 2d, Eth, eth, 7th, 8th, llth, 12th and
13th wards of the city of Minneapolis and the
township of St. Anthony, all in Hennep_in
county.
Walter H. Newton, Rep 21,607
W. C. Robertson, Dem 15,912
6. Counties of Aitklu, Benton, Beltrami, Cass,
Crow Wing, Hubbard, Morrison, Sherburne,
Stearns, Todd and Wadena.
Harold Knutson, Rep 22,633
P. J. Russell, Dem 8,660
7. Counties of Big Stone. Chippewa, Douglas,
Grant, Kandiyohi, Lac qui Parle, Lyon, Meeker.
Pope, Renville, Stevens, Swift, Traverse and
Yellow Medicine.
Andrew J. Volstead, Rep 21,406
E. E. Lobeck, National 16,587
8. Counties of Carlton. Cook, Itasca, Koocliicn-
ing. Lake and St. Louis.
Clarence B. Miller, Rep 12,964
W. L. Carss, Ind 17,266
3. Counties of Becker, Clay, Clearwater, Kittsou,
Mahnomen, Marshall, Norman, Otter Tail, 1'en-
Bington, Polk, Red Lake, Roseau and Wilkin.
Halvor Steenerson, Rep 26,303
10. Counties of Anoka, Chisago, Isanti, Kanabec,
Mille Lacs, Pine, Wright and Hennepin (except
township of St. Anthony) and 3d, 4th and 10th
wards of Minneapolis.
Thomas D. Schall, Rep 25,866
Henry A. Finlayson, Dem 10,634
Legislature.
There are no party divisions. Under the law
every legislator is elected as a nonpartisan.
State Officers.
Governor — J. A. A. Burnquist. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor — Thomas Frankson, Rep.
Secretary of State— Julius A. Schmahl, Rep.
Auditor— Jacob A. O. Preus. Rep.
Treasurer — Henry Rines, Rep.
Attorney-General—Clifford L. Hilton, Rep.
MISSISSIPPI (Population, 1916, 1,951,674).
Counties. , President 1916 x
Imputation (79) Dem. Rep. Soc. Prog.
25265 Adams .. 67l' "B42' 1 2
18159 Alcorn 1452 125 13 11
22954 Amite 1024 16 6 2
28851 Attala 1267 110 25 7
10245 Benton 718 38 — —
48905 Bolivar (no election.).
17726 Calhoun 1225 45 33 16
23139 Carroll 943 34 15 4
22846 Chickasaw 1215 47 40 —
14357 Choctaw 873 63 30 6
17403 Claiborne 435 5 1 1
21630 Clarke 1092 49 26 10
20203 Clay 832 27 1 2
54217 Coahoma 697 21 3 2
35914 Copiau 1486 20 4 2
16909 Covington 836 63 72 7
23130 De Soto , 861 12 — 4
20722 Forrest .' 1146 54 62 12
15193 Franklin , 769 22 6 2
6599 George 341 32 29 3
6050 Greene 399 32 4 6
15727 Grenada 649 28 6 4
11207 Hancock 512 68 2 9
34658 Harrison 1395 197 54 11
63726 Hinds 2220 97 20 8
39088 Holmos 1070 21 14 8
10260 Issaquena 94 8 2 —
14526 Itawamba 1407 184 1 13
15451Jackson 743 87 22 8
Population. VTiliion.Hughsi. Benson. Prof.
18498 Jasper 1040 33 37 &
28221 Jefferson 456 3 1 —
12860 Jefferson Davis 634 45 4 5
29885 Jones 1664 196 215 24
20348 Kemper 939 71 18 3
21883 Lafayette 1370 47 9 16
11741 Lamar 744 89 49 47
46919 Lauderdale 3058 157 85 14
13080 Lawrence 725 18 6 2
18298 Leake 1434 31 28 —
28S94 Lee 1683 91 5 7
38290 Le Flore 853 28 2 1
28597 Lincoln 1282 105 21 7
30703 Lowudes 1028 29 8 6
33505 Madison 782 36 20 2
15599 Marion 792 51 3 1
?6796 Marshall 1017 812
35178 Monroe 1684 82 15 7
17706 Montgomery 997 35 25 6
17980 Neshoba 1459 69 43 11
23085 Newton 1341 19 60 5
28503 Noxubee 656 10 1 1
19676 Oktibbeha 911 48 1 3
34274 Panola 1262 29—2
10593 Pearl River 521 35 1 2
7685 Perry 395 32 23 —
37272 Pike 1451 53 12 3
19688 Pontotoc 1314 110 2 9
16931 Prentiss 1342 164 30 15
11593 Quitman 272 12 1 1
23944 Rankin 1104 8 12 4
16723 Scott 1106 25 18 5
15694 Sharkey 246 6 3 3
17201 Simpson 966 34 6 4
16603 Smith 1271 30 18 9
Stone 451 31 5 6
28787 Sunflower 879 20 2 1
29078 Tallahatchie 1061 6—1
19714 Tate 1074 18 3 4
14631 Tippah 1547 82 11 5
13067 Tlshomingo 1031 175 18 16
1S646 Tunica 173 — — >, —
18997 Union 1666 89 9 13
Walthall 665 12 11 2
37488 Warren 1204 73 .6 10
48933 Washington ...: 836 47 2 3
14709 Wayne 787 47 34 8
14853 Webster 944 143 47 9
18075 Wilkinson 460 8 4 4
17139 Winston 1152 47 28 3
21519 Yalobusha 1175 49 7 15
46672 Yazoo 1146 25 7 2
Total 80422 4253 1469 498
Plurality 76169
Per cent 92.82 4.91 1.70 .57
Total vote 86642
For Representatives in Congress, 1916.
1. The counties of Alcorn, Itawamba, Lee. Lown-
des, Monroe, Oktibbeha. Prenti&s, Noxubee and
Tishomingo.
E. S. Candler, Dem 10,886
2. The counties of Benton, De Soto. Lafayette,
Marshall, Panola, Tallahatchie, Tate, Tippah
and Union.
H. D. Stephens, Dem 10,192
J. G. Adams, Sec 255
3. The counties of Bolivar. Coahoma, Issaqnena,
Le Flore. Quitman, Sharkey. Sunflower. Tunica.
Holmes and Washington.
B. G. Humphreys. Dem 4.7SO
4. The counties of Calhoun, Carroll, Chickasaw.
Choctaw, Clay, Grenada, Montgomery, Ponto-
toc, Webster, Yalobusha and Attala.
T. U. Sisson, Dem 10.886
5. The counties of Winston. Clarke. Jasper, Lau-
derdale, Leake, Neshoba, Newton, Scott, Smith
and Kemper.
W. W. Venable, Dem 13,011
C. C. Evans, Soc 740
6. The counties of Covington, Forrest, George,
Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Jefferson Davis,
Jackson, Jones, Lawrence, Marion, Perry,
Wayne. Simpson, Stone and Pearl River.
B. P. Harrison, Dem 12,639
F. T Maxwell, Soc „ 716
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
301
7. The counties of Claiborne, Copiah, Franklin.
Jefferson, Lincoln. Adanis, Pike, Aiuite and
Wilkinson.
Percy K. Quin, Dem 7,496
8. The coHnties of Warreii, Yazoo, Madison,
Hinds and Rankln.
J. W. Collier, Dem <L147
Legislature,
The members of the legislature are democrats.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor — Theodore C. Bilbo.
Lieutenant-Governor— Lee M. Russell.
Secretary— J. W. Power.
Treasurer— Dr. J. P. Taylor.
Attorney-General— Ross A. Collins.
MISSOURI (Population, 1916, 3,410,693).
Counties. , President 1916. x
Popu;«tion (114). Dem. Rep. Pro. Soc.
In 1U10. W ilBon. Hughes, liaulj. B«nsur>.
22700 Adalr 2275 2681 37 243
15282 Andrew 1853 2087 21 16
13604 Atchifcon 1697 1626 27 27
21687 Audrain 3572 1741 16 26
23869 Barry 2752 2683 17 148
16747 Barton 2217 1597 39 153
25869 Bates 3255 2597 67 129
14881 Benton 1285 1842 27 26
14576 Bolliuger 1538 1624 13 69
30533 Boone 5601 2180 22 30
93020 Buchanan 10973 7761 91 279
20624 Butler 2135 2717 14 173
14605 Oaldwell 1683 2069 23 3
24400 Calla way 3882 2009 12 16
11582 Camden 930 1261 8 41
27621 Cape Girardeau .... 2993 3753 43 75
23098 Carroll 2822 2978 37 43
5504 Carter 586 469 6 66
22973 Cass 3337 2104 42 60
16080 Cedar 1410 1874 27 75
23503 Chariton 3135 2183 36 22
15832 Christian 938 1978 14 141
12811 Clark 1692 1782 12 28
20302 Clay 3902 1307 12 37
15297 Clinton 2153 1551 47 18
21957 Cole 2915 2746 10 31
20311 Cooper 2537 2830 29 19
13576 Crawford 1312 1642 18 47
15613 Dade 1618 1941 23 64
13181 Dallas 1022 1428 12 46
17605 Daviess 2375 2342 42 12
12531 DeKalb 1647 1640 31 12
13245 Dent ./. 1457 1252 5 66
16664 Douglas 737 1730 14 164
30328 Dunklin 3723 1924 8 375
29830 Franklin 2468 4325 42 94
12847 Gasconade 510 2513. 13 19
16820 Gentry 2404 1823 46 33
63831 Greene 7179 7534 122 540
16744 Grundy 1789 2481 53 46
20466 Harrison 2205 2741 77 62
27242 Henry 3653 2727 49 70
8741 Hickory 552 1144 11 59
14539 Holt 1615 2030 28 14
15653 Howard 2866 1121 19 16
21065 Howell 1861 2132 23 223
8563 Iron 1027 874 8 25
283522 Jackson 44556 22943 339 1095
89673 Jasper 10513 9358 197 911
27878 Jefferson 3021 3310 19 130
26297 Johnson 3701 2966 29 62
12403 Knox 1657 1460 22 37
17363 Laclode 1755 1877 8 87
30154 Lafayette 4073 4049 30 93
26583 Lawrence 2809 3229 44 260
15514 Lewis 2357 1429 20 24
17033 Lincoln 2468 1642 19 11
25253 Linn 3447 2801 47 81
19453 Livingston 2609 2424 35 39
13539 McDonald 1631 1414 26 93
30S68 Macon 3805 2034 50 162
11273 Madison 1310 1230 8 21
10088 Maries 1319 725 7 20
30572 Marion 4534 2759 52 52
12335 Mercer 1042 1733 31 28
16717 Miller 1395 1862 8 88
14557 Mississippi 1874 1330 7 48
Population. Wilxm. Hujhw.
14375 Monitenu 1675 1748 16 35
18304 Monroe 3738 742 14 85
15604 Montgomery 1988 2079 33 18-
12863 Morgan 1368 1578 6 1£
19488 New Madrid 2715 2039 19 99
27136 Newton 2158 2929 64 249
28833 Nodaway 3874 3540 44 41
14681 Oregon 1799 660 5 82.
14283 Osage .. 1383 1769 8 24
11926 Ozark 654 1331 9 26
19559 Pemiscot 1396 1988 8 10-
14898 Perry 2447 2076 3 95-
33913 Pettis 4665 4319 63 252
15796 Phelps 1887 1487 8 36-
22556 Pike 3344 2322 12 25
14429 Platte 2974 921 8 11
21561 Polk 2149 2613 30 63-
11438 Pulaskl 1339 1003 5 40
14308 Putnam 1035 2106 43 59
12913 Rails , 1994 826 14 »
26182 Randolph 5080 2111 36 45'
24151 Ray 3380 1718 29 32"
9592 Reynolds 1209 592 4 34
13099 Ripley 1325 1053 10 105-
24695 St. Charles 1924 3518 11 35
16412 St. Clair 1881 1718 34 114
35738 St. Francois 3675 3015 33 157
10607 Ste. Genevleve 1218 1137 3 14
82417 St. Louis 7587 12485 98 451
687029 St. Louis city 74053 83798 431 3482'
29448 Saline 4503 2966 56 24
9062 Schuyler 1341 995 25 15
11869 Scotland 1592 1243 14 51
22372 Scott 2816 2285 24 202
11443 Shannon 1212 788 3 141
14864 Shelby 2550 1195 23 21
27807 Stoddard 3274 2482 28 314
11559 Stone 622 1525 6 116
18598 Sullivan 2446 2420 28 40-
9134 Taney 678 1123 7 84
21458 Texas 2290 1809 27 86
28827 Vemon 3779 2211 37 195.
9123 Warren 487 1752 3 41
13378 Washington 1394 1657 7 24
15181 Wayne 1594 1528 14 91
17377 Webster 1903 2114 33 «1
8007 Worth 1079 892 36 T
18315 Wright 1593 2176 16 77
Total 397908 369339 3881 14608
Plurality 28G59
Per cent 50.64 47.01 .49 1.86-
Total vote 785736
For president In 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
330,746 votes ; Taft, Rep.. 207,821 ; Roosevelt.
Prog., 124,371; Chafln, Pro., 5,380; Debs. Soc..
28,466; Reimer, Soc.-Lab., 1,778.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Selden P. Spencer, Rep 30268*
Joseph W. Folk, Dem 267*397
Caleb Lipscomb, Soc 6725-
W. W. Oox. Soc.-Lab 904
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Adnir, Clark. Knox, Lewis.
Macon, Marion. Putnam. Schuyler, Scotland.
Shelby.
M. A. Romjue, Dem 17184
F. C. Millspaugh, Rep 14,255
Edward H. Willey, Soc 272
2. The counties of Carroll, Chariton, Grundy,
Linn. Livingston. Monroe. Randolph, Sullivan.
W. W. Rucker, Dem 19,769
George H. Cox, Soc 179
3. The counties of Caldwell, C!ay, Clinton, Da-
viess, DeKalb. Gentry, Harrison. Mercer. Ray.
Worth.
J. W. Alexander, Dem 15,910
John B. Frost, Rep 14,117
William Garrett, Soc 55-
4. -The counties of Andrew, Atchlson, Buchanan,
Holt, Nodaway. Platte.
C. F. Booher, Dem 15,707
J. C. McNeeley. Rep 14,597
Joseph Kunaelman, Soc M
303
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
5. Jackson county.
W. T. Bland. Dem 31.561
A. L. Reeves, Rep 18.540
W. J. Adams, Soc 227
6. The counties of Bates, Cass, Cedar, Dade,
Henry, Johnson. St. Clair.
Clement C. Dickinson. Dem 14.898
William O. Atkeson, Rep 13,188
Louis Schneider, Soc 177
7. The counties of Benton, Grewie, Hickory, How-
ard. Lafayette, Pettis, Polk, Saline.
Sam C. Majors, Dem 20,300
James D. Salts, Rep 20,222
J. H. Allison, Soc 281
8. The counti'-s of Bpone, Camden, Cole, Cooper,
Miller, Moniteau, Morgan. Osage.
W. L. Nelson, Dem 13,326
North T. Gentry, Rep 13,133
9. The counties of Audrain. Callaway. Franklin,
Gasconade, Lincoln. Montgomery. Pike, Rails.
St. Charles. Warren.
Champ Clark, Dem 18,248
B. H. Dyer, Rep 16,719
Henry Schumaker, Soc 341
10. The county of St. Louis and the 1st, 7th, 8th,
9th. 10th. llth, 12th. 19th, 24th, 27th (precinct
11). 28th wards of the city of St. Louis.
For long term —
Harlow E. Reed, Dem 30,080
Cleveland A. Newton, Rep 50,400
W. M. Brandt. Soc 2,981
Ernest Suavely, Soc.-Lab 289
For short term-
Fred Essen, Rep 49,416
Harlow E. Reed, Dem ..30,636
11. The 2d. 3d. 16th. 17th. 18th. 20th. 21st. 26th.
27th (except precinct 11) wards of the city of
St. Louis.
W. L. Igoe, Dem 16,229
W. O. Long, Soc 531
12. The 4th, 5tb. 6th, 7th (only precinct 12), 12th
Coniy precincts 11 and 12), 13th. 14th. 15th (ex-
cept precincts 2. 3 and 4). 20th (only precinct
1). 21st (only precincts 1 and 2). 22d, 23d. 24th.
26th (only precincts from 1 to 6, inclusive), 28th
(only precincts 1 and 2) wards of the city of
St. Louis.
Samuel Rosenfeld, Dem 8,538
L: C. Dyer, Rep 12.612
Chris Rocker, Soc 225
13. The counties of Bellinger, Carter. Iron, Jef-
ferson, Madison, Perry, Reynolds, St. Francois,
Ste. Genevieve, Washington, Wayne.
Arthur T. Brewster. Dem 13.773
Marion E. Rhodes, Rep 14,776
William Cunningham, Soc 191
14. The counties of Butler, Cape Girardeau,
Christian. Douglas. Dunklin. Howell. Missis-
sippi. New Madrid, Oregon. Oxark. Pemiscot.
Ripley, Scott. Stoddard. Stone, Taney.
Joseph J. Russell, Dem 21,001
Edwin D. Hayes, Rep 21,471
James Campbell, Soc 22
15. The counties of Barry, Barton, Jasper, Law-
rence. McDonald. Newton, Vernon.
Perl D. Decker, Dem 17.826
I. V. McPherson, Rep 19,133
David Landes, Soc 557
IS. The counties of Crawford. Dallas, Dent. La-
clede. Maries. Phelps. Pulaski, Shannon. Texas,
Webster. Wright.
Thomas L. Rubey, Dem 13,490
S. A. Shelton, Rep 13,326
H. M. Fonty, Soc 253
Legislature.
Democrats
Republicans
Senate. House. J.B.
26
103
73
State Officers.
Governor— Frederick D. Gardner, Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor— Wallace Crossley Dem.
Secretary of State— John L. Sullivan, Deni.
Auditor— George E. Hackmann, Rep.
Treasurer— George H. Middelkamp, Dem.
Attorney-General—Frank W McAllister Dem.
State Superintendent of Public Instruction— Sara
A. Baker, Rep.
MONTANA (Population, 1916, 459,494).
Counties. ^President 1916^,
Population (4i) Dem. Rep. Soc.
in 1*>1<>. Wilson. Hugfen. Beaton
6466 Beaverhead 1463 1455 89
Big Horn 740 506 16
Blaine 1261 857 77
3491 Broadwater 1100 584 53
13962 Carbon 1926 1726 380
28833 Cascade 6612 3253 758
17191 Chouteau 2738 1486 187
14123 Ouster 2602 1591 144
12725 Dawson 2835 2105 190
12988 Deer Lodge 4171 1860 199
Fallon 1845 1169 95
17385 Fergus 5749 3290 382
18785 Flathead 2978 2913 550
14079 Galiatin 3661 2527 116
2942 Granite 812 574 89
Hill 3242 1709 428
5601 Jefferson 1124 712 104
21853 Lewis and Clark 4337 3423 281
3638 Lincoln 1186 807 292
7229 Madison 1672 1279 67
4190 Meagher 1482 1158 47
Mineral 788 252 188
23596 Missoula 4069 2926 562
Musselshell 2036 1738 274
10731 Park 2050 1957 300
Phillips 1252 999 104
5904 Powell 1373 939 83
Prairie 622 539 22
11666 Ravalli 1967 1623 233
Richland 1947 1223 18.4
7985 Rosebud 1608 1337 95
3713 Sanders -1178 793 151
Sheridan 3264 1724 371
56848 Silver Bow 13084 6784 1563
Stillwater 1197 1042 69
402S Sweet Grass 839 890 44
9546 Teton 2273 1603 292
Toole .' 1075 698 193
13630 Valley 2102 1111 56
Wibaxix 585 466 56
22944 Yellowstone 4259 3281 251
Total 101104 66909 9467
Plurality 34195
Per cent 56.97 37.69 5.34
Total vote 177480
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
27,941 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 22,456; Taft, Rep..
18,512; Debs, Soc., 10,885, and Chafln. Pro., 32.
For United States Senator, '1918.
Thomas J. Walsh. Dem 46,160
0. M. Landstrum. Rep 40,229
Jeannette Rankin, Nat 26,013
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. John M. Evans, Dem 25,528
Frank I?. Linderman, Rep 22,398
2. Carl W. Riddick. Rep 24,959
Harry B. Mitchell, Dem 22,825
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 30 63 93
Democrats 13 32 45
State Officers.
Governor — Samuel V. Stewart. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — William W. McDowell, Dem.
Secretary of State— Charles T. Stewart. Rep.
Attorney-General — S. C. Ford, Rep.
State Treasurer — H. L. Hart. Rep.
State Auditor— George E. Porter, Rep.
Supt. Public Instruction — May Trumper, Rep..
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
303
NEBRASKA (Population, 1916, 1,271,375).
Counties. , President, 191fi. N- ,
President 1912 ^
Population (93)
In 1»1».
Dem.
Wilson.
Rep.
Hughes.
Soc. Pro.
Benson, lianlv.
Rep.
T»ftf
Dem.
Wilson.
Soc.
Deljs.
Pro. Prog.
Chaftn. Roosevelt
20900 Adams
2657
2041
98
63.
. 801
2117
188
125
943
14003 Antelope
, 1881
1495
32
44.
, 877
1228
50
33
947
Arthur ,
,...., 286
143
9
2.
.
—
—
—
1444 Banner
166
142
17
1.
, 53
57
35
3
128
1672 Elaine
246
184
13
8.
, 126
165
33
7
107
13145 Boone ,
2005
1225
35
37.
, 570
1360
51
40
942
6131 Box Butte
914
591
28
19.,
, 229
520
97
20
424
8826 Boyd
852
809
47
14.,
. 281
651
57
23
653
6083 Brown
901
528
42
18.,
, 296
483
92
21
415
21907 Buffalo
2877
2216
136
64.,
, 1081
2061
261
57
1256
12726 Burt
1425
' 1508
23
21.
, 865
1040
41
20
1005
15403 Butler
2332
1120
35
23.,
, 823
1756
40
37
586
19786 Cass
2595
1927
135
66.,
, 967
2009
154
66
1132
15191 Cedar
1715
1727
21
n..
, 722
1515
9
17
1045
3613 Chase
551
369
40
24..
, 216
264
38
24
265
10414 Cherry
1734
1091
124
34..
. 689
1052
229
35
631
4551 Cheyenne j ,
834
563
41
26.,
232
348
78
21
281
15729 Clay
1975
1737
69
35.,
557
1694
52
63
1292
11610 Colfax
1628
897
47
5..
, 620
998
80
12
390
13782 Cuming
1424
1551
51
7.,
, 759
1484
30
8
476
25668 Ouster
3609
2047
227
88.,
, 1051
2426
353
79
1874
6564 Dakota
1032
612
22
8..
409
612
50
12
357
8254 Dawes
1088
751
49
17.,
298
583
65
15
610
15961 Dawson
1989
1444
60
40..
, 451
1613
76
54
1207
1786 Deuel
340
181
16
4..
64
135
25
1
157
11477 Dixon
:... 1350
1208
29
26.,
582
823
24
38
955
22145 Dodge
2644
2446
160
57..
, 1324
1987
209
74
934
168546 Douglas
24796
14557
1755
309.,
6212
12953
2154
124
7930
4098 Dundy
570
347
43
17.,
148
304
72
10
347
14674 Fillmore
1911
1561
42
34..
972
1736
78
44
787
10303 Franhlin
1345
1081
38
31.,
334
1148
58
31
779
8572 Frontier
1138
736
67
27..
293
657
120
37
582
12083 Furnas . . •. ,
1607
1163
43
26..
354
1266
83
55
815
30325 Gage
3385
3383
83
75..
1336
2593
173
88
2159
3538 Garden
598
306
34
16..
136
282
48
18
369
3417 Garfield
426
302
57
9..
192
234
135
5
245
4933 Gosper
617
434
20
11..
129
524
10
16
283
1097 Grant
241
157
6
6..
82
93
7
2
52
8047 Greeley
1289
627
43
15..
371
913
65
21
376
20361 Hall
2483
2555
159
60..
1047
2086
249
58
974
13459 Hamilton ,
1816
1444
31
50..
450
1433
87
63
1054
9578 Harlan
1267
834
95
25..
325
922
142
64
613
3011 Hayes ,
382
219
39
9..
106
139
41
8
246
5415 Hitchcock
733
435
25
10..
128
471
60
28
371
1E545 Holt
2213
1568
77
•37..
778
1456
130
43
1196
981 Hooker
218
109
3
5..
103
122
19
2
57
10783 Howard
1695
698
54
18..
481
1115
87
24
544
1RS52 Jefferson ,
, 1841
1813
177
37..
655
1399
226
43
1208
10187 Johnson ,
1117
1373
14
14..
672
890
27
21
649
9106 Kearney
,..' : 1396
760
46
17..
338
1012
44
33
657
3692 Keith
544
389
46
12..
188
304
85
5
236
3452 Keyapaha
401
316
40
14..
258
221
70
11
246
1942 Kimball
388
223
20
14..
73
109
18
3
208
18358 Knox
2329
1910
53
23..
1028
' 1864
81
26
930
78793 Lancaster
9093
7042
314
222..
2566
6685
445
264
4143
15684 Lincoln
2192
1309
213
43..
690
1129
400
60
910
1521 Logan
283
172
25
8..
97
153
17
6
110
2188 Loup
219
164
36
9..
131
114
59
7
148
19101 Madison
184
106
15
9..
1181
1720
56
37
1016
2470 McPherson
2358
2428
47
39..
114
180
45
8
232
10379 Merrick
1349
1178
49
49..
526
951
40
112
695
4584 Merrill
888
470
57
12..
227
392
75
25
400
8926 Nance
1165
930
17
16..
630
716
22
27
536
13095 Nemaha
1658
1438
46
35..
672
1374
58
45
842
13019 Nuckolls
1732
1411
70
27..
738
1312
78
38
852
19323 Otoe
2344
2121
53
39..
922
1946
71
51
1054
10582 Pawnee ,
1171
1228
33
38..
593
958
53
51
711
2570 Perkins
397
210
41
5..
101
254
32
3
190
10451 Phelps
1425
971
71
33..
254
974
76
33
1072
10122 Pierce
1030
1228
15
W..
694
948
15
17
461
19006 Platte
2412
1918
41
28..
589
2015
45
32
1227
10521 Polk
1600
1060
46
50..
485
996
89
140
785
11056 Red Willow
1418
977
144
24..
256
927
191
26
782
17448 Richardson
2650
2039
64
70..
965
1980
107
53
1350
3627 Rock
449
375
46
6..
231
280
56
15
289
17866 Saline
2646
1469
32
33..
1185
1942
58
69
739
9274 Sarpy
1320
885
33
16..
404
857
71
23
440
21179 Saunders
2671
1957
89
61..
864
2080
90
59
1510
8355 Scot ts Bluff
1587
1144
169
29..
314
495
230
32
657
15895 Reward
1797
1855
24
15..
788
1575
27
27
968
7328 Sheridan
1158
604
74
26..
377
630
123
31
512
8278 Sherman
1208
706
79
19..
455
675
124
20
595
6599 Sioux
737
344
33
13..
151
375
63
8
396
304
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Population. _ Wilson.
7542 Slant on 899
14775 Thayer 1581
1191 Thomas 261
8704 Thurston 1255
9480 Valley 1388
12738 Washington 1555
10397 Wayne 1006
12008 Webster 1469
2292 Wheeler 270
18721 York 2206
Total 158827
Plurality 41056
Per cent 55.26
Total vote
Note — Nebraska returns for the November elec-
tion in 1918 were delayed by the canvass of the
soldiers' vote and were not available for this
edition of the Almanac and Year-Book.
For United States Senator, 1918.
G. W. Norris, Rep Elected
John H. Morehead, Dem
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Cass, Johnson, Lancaster. Nemaha.
Otoe. Pawnee and Richardson.
C. F. Reavis, Rep '. Elected
Frank A. Peterson. Dem
2. Counties of Douglas, Sarpy and Washington.
A. W. JefCeris, Rep Elected
C. O. Lobeck, Dem
3. Counties of Antelope, Boone, Burt, Cedar. Col-
fax. Cuming, Dakota, Dlxon. Dodge, Knox,
Madison, Merrick. Nance, Pierce. Platte. Stan-
ton, Thurston and Wayne.
R. E. Evans, Rep Elected
D. V. Stephens, Dem
4. Counties of Butler, Fillmore, Gage. Hamilton,
Jefferson, Polk, Saline, Saunders, Seward,
Thayer and York.
M. O. McLaughlin, Rep Elected
W. H. Smith, Dem
B. Counties of Adams. Chase. Clay, Dundy.
Franklin, Frontier, Furnas, Gosper, Hall, Har-
lan. Hayes. Hitchcock, Kearney, Nuckolls, Per-
kins, Phelps, Red Willow and Webster.
W. E. Andrews, Rep .N Elected
A. C. Shallenberger, Dem
6. Counties of Arthur, Banner, Blaine, Box
Butte, Boyd, Brown, Buffalo, Cheyenne, Cherry,
Custer, Dawes, Dawson, Deuel, 'Garden, Gar-
field, Grant, Greeley, Holt, Hooper, Howard,
Keith, Keyapaha, Kimball, Lincoln, Logan,
Loup, McPherson, Morrill, Rock, Scotts Bluff,
Sheridan, Sherman, Sioux, Thomas, Valley and
Wheeler.
Moses P. Kinkaid, Rep Elected
C. W. Pool, Dem :
Hughes.
736
1772
244
717
840
1297
1208
1191
163
2011
lenson.Hanlj.
17 12 .
74 28 .
18
26
51
76
19
61
59
48
471
703
86
436
552
599
600
536
71
962
Wilson.
725
1491
172
834
789
1182
808
1163
194
1886
Del>». Cbafin. RooMTelt
16
87
22
63
121
91
20
79
38
86
297
964
104
492
561
906
725
915
179
1086
117771 7141 2907.. 54029 109008 10174 3419 72614
36394
21-75 43.66 4.09 1.37 29.13
249208
Wi!son.Hughes. Benson. Taft.WilBon.Deb.R'Bev'lf
463 403 6.. 166 400 82 212
3341 3225 397.. 646 1446 306 1149
1922 948 239.. 259 515 302 431
1-0i:-'
ro
, 5°^ Storey .....
-!?? S-??hoe ••••
(441 White Pine.
Legislature (1916). Senate.House.J.B.
Democrats 23 60 83
Republicans 10 40 50
State Officers.
Governor— S. R. McKelvie, Rep.
Secretary — D. M. Amsbery, Rep.
Auditor— G. W. Marsh, Rep.
Treasurer — Dan B. Cropsey, Rep.
Attorney-General— Clarence A. Davis, Rep.
NEVADA (Population, 1916, 106.734).
, — Pros. 191G — , ^Presid't 1912-^
Dem. Rep. Soc. Rep. Dem. Soc. Prog.
Wilnon.Hughee.Uen:on. Taft. Wilson. DebsK'sev'lt
,. 831
.. 1115
,. 301
. 263
Counties.
Population (16)
61910.
2811 Churchill
3321 Clark ...
1895 Douglas .
18HO Eureka ..
'«82r, Ilumboldt
1786 Lander . .
8133 Elko
9695 Ksmeralda
34S9 Lincoln ..
3568 Lyon
Mineral ..
75]P, Nye
3089 Ormsby ..
531 184.. 157 357 212 305
529 194.. 114 360 108 264
337 43.. 80 144 22 172
239 15.. 65 226 20 123
. 1681 1004 291.. 208 719 339 536
473 321 130..
. 2020 1072 225..
69 197 53 200
40::
52 259 514
. 1135 709 418.. 24,6 713 379 JM6
. 634 202 51.. 100 275 28 144
769 669 174.. 135 437 239 354
617 385 99.. 59 219 131 146
1601 1019 536.. 346 861 714 419
610 534 63.. 150 294 166 65
Total ....17766 12127 3065.. 3196 7986 3313 5620
Plurality .. 5639 .. 2366
Per cent.... 53. 34 36.4 9. 19.. 16.3 40.36 16.9 26.59
lotal vote. 33306 .. 20115
For president in 1S16 Hanly, Pro. received
o4s votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Charles B. Henderson, Dem... Elected
(Returns delayed.),
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Charles R. Evans, Dem... Elected
(Returns delayed.)
Legislature.
Republicans .'
Democrats "" 9
Socialists • ','.', i
Senate. House. J.B.
State Officers.
Governor— Emmitt D. Boyle. Dem
Lieutenant-Governor—Maurice Sullivan, Dem
Secretary of State— George Brodigan, Dem
Treasurer— Ed Malley, Dem.
Comptroller— George A. Cole, Dem
Attorney-General—George B. Thatcher, Dem.
NEW HAMPSHIRE (Pop., 1916, 443,506) .
Counties. ^-Pres.
P°pu11£n°n (10) Dem- -
ln 191U- WileoD. Hushes
21309 Belknap 2310 2579
16316 Carroll 2003 2259
30659 Cheshire 2779 3337
30753 Coos . . .,. 3247 2762
41652 Graf ton 4644 4795
26072 Hillsborough 10937 9927
153335 Merrimack 5967 5970
52188 Rockingham 5637 5865
38951 Strafford 4040 4037
19337 Sullivan 2215 2192
Total 43779 43723
Plurality 56
Per cent 50.03 49.97
Total vote 87502-
For president in 1916 Hanly (Pro.) received
296 votes.
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 32,927
votes; Wilson, Dem., 34,724; Roosevelt, Prog.,
17,794; Debs, Soc., 1,981, and Chafln, Pro., 535.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Henry W. Keyes, Rep 37,787
Eugene E. Reed, Dem 32,763
To fill vacancy.
George H. Moses, Rep 35,528
John B. Jameson, Dem 34,459
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Belknap. Carroll. Rockingham.
Strafford, Hillsborough (part) and Merrimack
fpart).
Sherman E. Burroughs, Rep 18,658
William N. Rogers, Dem 17,122
ALMANAC .AND YEARBOOK FOR 1919.
305
2. The counties of Cheshire, Coos, Grafton, Sulli-
van, Hillsborough (part) and Merrimack (parti.
Edward H. Wason, Rep 19.&3
Harry F. Lake, Dem 14,923
Legislature. Sennte.Honse. J.B.
Republicans 19 247 266
Democrats 5 159 164
State Officers.
Governor— John H. Bartlett, Rep.
Secretary of State— Edwin C. Bean, Rep.
Treasurer — Jehu W. Plummer, Rep.
NEW JERSEY (Population, 1916, 2,948,017).
Counties.
Population 12J.J , Rep.
m lulu. Hughes.
71894 Atlantic 9713 122 133 5467 12
138002 Bergen 184P4 595 113 11530 65
66565 Burlington 8803 115 158 6535 9
142029 Camden 18318 1101 350 14010 38
19745 Cape May 2904 37 66 2097 4
55153 Cumberland ... 5692 308 323 4573 21
512886 Essex 54167 2280 184 34596 212
373GS Gloucester 5£52 118 538 3745 9
537231 Hudson 42518 1811 73 44663 140
33569 Hunterdon .... 3408 45 65 4462 4
125657 Mercer 14213 460 154 10621 45
114426 Middlesex 11851 185 103 9975 32
94734 Monmouth .... 11624 103 120 10729 14
74704 Morris 8530 214 172 6798 14
21318 Ocean 3286 31 28 2076 6
215902 Passaic 18754 1561 128 13340 121
26999 Salem 4080 68 84 3353 3
38820 Somerset ...... 4707 34 50 3653 7
25781 Sussex 2461 70 42 3093 7
140197 Union 16705 1040 97 10328 4t
43187 Warren 3302 107 201 5374 48
Total 268982 10405 3182 211018 855
Plurality 5V964
Per cent 54.40 2.11 .64 42.68 .17
Total vote 494442
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received' 88,-
834 votes; Roosevelt, Prog.. 145,409; Wilson,
Dem., 178,282; Debs, Soc., 15,900; Chafln, Pro.,
2,875.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Walter E. Edge, Rep 175,209
George M. LoMonte, Dem '. 151,454
Grafton E. Day, Nat. Pro 5,696
James M. Reilly, Soc 14,643
William J. Wallace, Single Tax 2.331
To fill vacancy.
David Baird, Rep 166,924
Charles O'Connor Hennessy, Dem 152,237
Grafton E. Day, Nat. Pro 8,119
James M. Reilly, Soc 13,217
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Camden, Gloucester and Salem.
William J. Browning, Rep 23,296
Edwin S. Dickerson, Dem 10,557
George F. Noftsker, Soc 1,051
Charles E. Lane, Nat. Pro 1,815
2. Counties of Cape May, Cumberland, Atlantic
and Burlington.
Isaac Bacharach, Rep 20,302
John T. French. Dem 8.498
Levi B. Sharp, Nat. Pro 1,191
3. Counties of Middlesex, Monmouth and Ocean.
Thomas J. Scully, Dem 19,518
Robert E. Carson, Rep 16.824
Gilbert E. Mason, Nat. Pro 581
4. Counties of Hunterdon,' Somerset and Morcor.
Elijah C. Hutcliinson, Rep 17,480
George O. Vanderbilt, Dem 14,373
6. Counties of Union and Morris.
Ernost R. Ackerman, Rrp 17,200
Richnrd E. Clement, Dem 13,297
James B. Furber, Soc 1,737
William H. C. Clarke. Nat. Pro 445
6. (To fill vacancy.)
William F. Birch, Rep 17,170
Richard B. Clement. Dem 13,520
James B. Furber, Soc 1,747 A\7>
6. Counties of Bergen, Sussex. Warren and Pas-**
sale (part).
John R. Ramsey. Rep 18,374
Robert A. SiDbaid, Dem 15,285
Charles P. DeYoe. Nat. Pro 812
7. Part of Passaic county.
Amos H. Radcliffe, Rep 12,291
Joseph A. Delaney, Dem 8,461
William H. Derrick, Soc, 1,645
Charles M. Berdan. Nat. Pro 394
George T. Anderson, National 198
8. Counties of Essex (part) and Hudson (part).
Cornelius A. McGlennon. Dem 12,315
William B. Ross. Rep 12.045
William Kane TallmaH. Soc — 952
9. County of Essex (part).
Daniel F. Minahan. Dem 10,797
Richard Wayne Parker, Rep 9,220
Stephen Bircher, Soc 1,300
Benjamin F. Biershing, Ind 169
10. County of Essex (part).
Frederick R. Lehlbach, Rtp 12,400
Dallas Flanagan, Dem 11,826
Charles H. Poole. Soc 1,445
11. County of Hudson (part).
John J. Egan, Dem 14,136
Edward C. Brennan. Rep 4,916
Gertrude Reilly, Soc 1,891
12. County of Hudson (part).
James A. Hamill. Dem 17,677
Theodore Bierch, Rep 6,028
Valentine Bausch. Soc 1,277
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 6 30 36
Republicans 15 30 45
State Officers.
Governor— Walter E. Edge, Rep.
Secretary of State— Thomas F. Martin, Dem.
Treasurer— William T. Read, Rep.
Comptroller— Newton A. Bugbee, Rep.
NEW MEXICO (Population, 1916, 410,283) .
Counties. , — President, 1916.-^,
Population (26) Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.
in 1910. Wilson. HuzEe..Ben.on. H»nly
23606 Bernalillo 2399 2714 77 6
16850 Chaves 2279 862 185 5
16460 Colfax 2024 1839 38 1
11443 Curry 1205 356 323 2
12893 Dona Ana 1079 1606 22 —
12400 Eddy 1405 425 99 6
14813 Grant 2305 1869 96 4
10927 Guadalupe 1173 1067 36 —
7822 Lincoln 870 889 43 1
3913 Luna 796 418 45 4
12963 McKinley 564 669 2 5
12611 Mora 1505 1590 13 —
7069 Otero 824 561 128 2
14912 Quay 1562 598 234 26
16719 <Rio Arriba 1528 1992 1 —
12064 Roosevelt 1088 230 150 11
8579 Sandoval 734 611 — —
8504 San Juan 637 385 46 —
22930 San Miguel 2263 2933 29 9
14770 Santa Fe 1406 1830 15 7
3536 Sierra 493 460 23 —
14761 Socorro 1573 1954 16 6
12008 Taos 910 1320 46 2
10119 Torrance 679 948 68
11404 Union 1996 1495 246 12
13320 Valencia 394 1540 17 ~
Total 33691 31161 1999 112
Plurality 2530
Per cent 50.31 46.54 2.98 .17
Total vote 66963
For president in 1912, Wilson, Dem., received
20.407 votes; Taft, Rep., 17,733; Roosevelt. Prog..-
8,347 and Debs, Soc.. 2,859.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Albert B. Fall, Rep Elected
(Returns delayed.)
306
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Benigno C. Hernandez. Rep Elected
(Returns delayed.)
Legislature.
The legislature is republican in both houses.
State Officers.
Governor — Octaviauo A. Larrazola. Rep.
Lieutenant-Governor— Benjamin P. Pankey, Rep.
Secretary of State— Manuel Martinez, Rep.
Treasurer— Charles U. Strong, Rep.
Auditor — Edward H. Sargent, Rep.
Attorney-General — O. O. Askern. Rep.
NEW YORK (Population, 1916, 10,373,375).
Counties.
, President 1916 > ,
Governor 1914 .
Population (62)
III 1910.
Rep.
Hugh.).
Dem.
Wilson.
Am.
Hughee
Pro. Soc.
. Hanlj. Benson
S.-L. Dem. Rep. Prog. Soc. Pro.S
.Reimo Glynn. Whitiuan.DavenD't.Strebel.Snli«r.H
.-L.
unt«r
173666 Albany
26416
18754
107
160 285
41
.. 11540
25712
457
260
1157
KM
41412 Allegany
6208
3191
100
486 94
2
.. 1082
4401
553
101
878
3
Bronx (new)
40192
47564
585
95 6995
306
.. 26427
29865
1897
4910
548
o?q
78809 Broome
11316
8865
79
883 209
13
. . 3220
6858
277
163
1999
1ri
65919 Cattaraugus
8680
6563
138
421 377
y
.. 2235
6401
454
288
986
11
67106 Cayuga
7816
6391
—
336 117
14
.. 2330
6819
341
172
636
11
105126 Chautauqua
14280
7146
435
863 923
47
.. 2097
10586
694
748
2062
•
54662 Chemung
6348
7460
67
609 220
5
.. 3232
4093
159
100
2154
?1
35575 Chenango
5150
3885
50
345 54
6
.. 822
3453
310
32
791
8
48230 Clinton
4960
4130
24
148 21
3
.. 2337
3838
98
18
292
4
43658 Columbia
5227
4938
84
71 71
2
.. 2449
4936
206
18
291
1
29249 Cortland
4473
2693
52
314 105
3
.. 767
3738
151
34
269
?
45575 Delaware
6202
4981
62
248 153
7
.. 1112
4558
271
85
970
9
87661 Dutchess
10879
8899
196
151 133
26
.. 3782
9838
342
144
553
u
628985 Erie
52718
45425
—
447 2303
447
.. 23340
49662
3239
1940
2314
173
33458 Essex
4605
2373
33
62 21
1
. . 1016
3127
551
34
176
1
45717 Franklin
5084
3593
59
172 17
8
.. 1865
4119
218
17
207
7
44534 Fulton
5680
4084
69
297 425
28
.. 1650
4231
803
743
677
17
37615 Genesee
5535
2798
53
267 19
4
.. 1138
4363
361
34
392
6
30214 Greene
3616
3621
29
104 59
4
.. 1244
3334
82
62
395
11
4373 Hamilton
609
623
—
11 3
1
.. 440
417
44
3
87
56356 Herkimer
7641
6268
288
176 188
31
.. 3364
5715
947
210
863
5
80297 Jefferson
11105
7089
74
454 324
17
.. 2642
8613
490
207
569
5
1634351 Kings
118962
125095
1077
445 10220
415
.. 73566
95382
4760
8285
1924
42fi
24849 Lewis
3400
2675
28
120 12
1
.. 1253
2559
295
7
178
14
38037 Livingston
5108
3590
74
196 18
5
.. 1627
4335
308
18
403
5
39289 Madison
5813
3936
65
260 126
13
.. 1568
4680
385
103
385
9
283212 Monroe
39016
21760
251
1110 1443
184
.. 9791
33587
3072
1426
1496
a
57567 Montgomery
6644
5346
60
104 112
18
.. 2702
6000
401
217
711
18
83930 Nassau
13746
8409
133
73 127 •
15
.. 4726
8547
75fi
82
298
IX
2762522 New York
111047
138520
1328
261 12013
485
.. 90666
85478
5604
8804
1333
•ffifi
92036 Niagara
11939
8356
233
312 316
16
.. 3353
10926
430
235
550
12
154157 Oneida
18549
16041
144
525 367
30
.. 7312
14565
1998
376
1650
H
200298 Onondaga
27477
19867
212
1369 1113
64
.. 11774
21427
1752
920
1650
51
52286 Ontario
7489
5285
—
349 53
4
.. 2045
5972
472
42
386
2
115751 Orange ,
13119
10192
487
217 238
23
.. 5281
10334
1386
163
2245
35
32000 Orleans
4854
2529
36
159 19
2
.. 1090
3835
145
20
278
4
71664 Oswego
9846
6209
—
959 46
3
.. 2885
7556
326
32
807
7
47216 Otsego
5859
5975
71
326 74
3
.. 1558
4337
353
46
1253
a
14665 Putnam
1703
1289
8
18 5
—
.. 606
1265
70
7
85
— .
284041 Queens
34609
31258
—
115 2355
104
.. 21808
22043
983
1924
508
97
122276 Rensselaer
14629
13816
327
201 213
26
.. 10935
13729
1327
273
678
SO
85969 Richmond
7174
8809
115
109 204
•
.. 5768
5477
255
161
173
21
46873 Rockland
4977
4467
54
55 85
9
.. 1843
3790
349
75
723
Ifi
89005 St. Lawrence "...
13024
6056
111
407 67
11
.. 3041
9767
744
80
563
4
61917 Saratoga
8004
6711
40
280 154
4
.. 3308
7191
196
127
426
11
88235 Schenectady
9378
8961
381
328 1446
71
.. 3547
7013
601
2389
3482
52
23855 Schoharie
2825
3456
25
233 11
2
.. 885
2240
75
15
800
1
14004 Schuyler
1946
1628
6
136 13
—
.. 372
1340
40
7
629
1
26972 Seneca
3281
2845
30
327 25
1
.. 1286
2946
96
22
583
?.
83362 Steuben
10084
8029
349
645 196
11
.. 3208
5620
658
309
3898
9
56138 Suffolk
12649
8415
73
174 168
16
.. 5658
9487
447
128
1749
15
33808 Sullivan
4328
3657
24
65 110
7
.. 2016
3243
131
83
471
6
25624 Tioga
3330
2748
41
172 94
6
.. 835
2204
125
37
654
?.
33647 Tompkins
4659
3454
79
316 121
10
.. 1319
3340
360
104
918
3
91769 Ulster
10680
7803
55
354 71
5
.. 3455
9263
246
54
707
'.'7
32223 Warren
4835
2825
48
97 126
11
.. 1360
4085
167
75
178
12
47778 Washington
7287
3907
80
135 108
3
.. 1930
6225
278
48
276
1
50179 Wayne
7341
4795
124
427 22
2
.. 1524
5798
610
44
586
6
283055 Westchester
33688
22383
885
195 932
103
.. 14728
26179
2029
691
572
47
31880 Wyoming
4893
2783
60
208 22
4
.. 1001
4080
270
22
444
2
18642 Yates
2920
1666
21
129 24
—
.. 492
2179
141
19
273
2
Total
865851
756880
9659 19031 45985
2665
..541269
686701 45586 37793 126270 2350
Plurality
118630
145432
Per cent bO.93 44.52 .57 1.12 2.71 .16.. 37.59 47.69 3.17 2.62 8.76 .17
Total vote 1700071 .. 1439969
For president tn 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
€55.475 votes; Taft, Rep.. 455,428; Debs, Soc.,
«3.381; Chafin, Pro., 19,427; Roosevelt, Prog.,
390,021.
For Governor, 1918.
Alfred E. Smith. Dem 993.362
<3harles S. Whitman, Rep 985,047
Charles W. Erwin, Soc 123.071
-Olive M. Johnson. Soc. -Lab 5,138
For United States Senator, 1916.
William M. Calder, Rep 836,301
William F. McCombs, Dem 604,051
Bainbridge Colby, Prog 15,166
Colvin, Pro 19^423
Cannon, Soc 61.159
Gillhaus. Soc.-Lab 4,084
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
307
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Suffolk. Nassau and Queens (part).
Frederick C. Hicks, Rep 53,160
George Seeburg, Soc 1.850
2. County of Queens (part).
Charles P. Caldwell. Dem 53,593
William Burkle. Soc 8,900
3. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
John MacCrate, Rep. -Dem 14,472
Joseph A. Whitehorn, Soc 5,075
Michael Forgarty, Bus. Mem 10,222
William A. Ross, Soc 1,55:;
4. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Thomas H. Cullen, Dem 22.804
R. W. Bowman, Rep. and Pro...'. 6,527
George S. Rumpler, Soc 1,026
6. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
George B. Green, Rep 23,589
John B. Johnston. Dem 31.677
Hugo Peters, Soc 1.524
6. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Frederick W. Rowe, Rep 26.547
Franklin Taylor, Dem 26,105
Bernard J. Riley, Soc 4.261
7. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
James P. Maher, Dem 19,453
John Hill Morgan, Rep 9,212
James O'Neal, Soc 4.486
8. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
William B. Cleary, Dem 23,745
Allison L. Adams. Rep 14.656
Abraham H. Shulman, Soc 6.094
Albert E. Neidy, Pro 192
9. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Oscar W. Swift, Rep. and Pro 27.174
David J. O'Connell. Dem 28,427
W. B. Robinson. Soc 6,728
10. Part of Kings county (Brooklyn).
Reuben L. Haskell. Rep 17.301
George W. Martin, Dem 15.630
A. S. Shiplacoff, Soe 9.941
11. County of Richmond (Staten island) and part
of lower New York city.
Daniel J. Riordan. Dem 21,196
William H. Michales>. Rep 6.988
Elinor Byrns, Soc 889
George Weber, Pro 724
12. Part of New York city (New York county).
Meyer London, Soc 6.519
Henry M. Goldfogle, Rep.-Deni 7.269
Wilbur F. Rawlins, Pro 16
Benjamin W. Burger. lad 2
13. Part of New York city (New York county).
Christopher D. Sullivan, Dem.-Rep 6,813
Algernon Lee, Soc 3,471
Flavius G. Perry, Pro 27
14. Part of New York city (New York county).
Fiorello H. La Guardia, Rep.-Dem 14.209
Scott Nearing, Soc 8,157
Alfred H. Saunders. Pro 89
15. Part of New York city (New York county).
Peter J. Dooling, Dem 23,143
Jacob J. Wiener, Rep.* 5.324
Fanny Witherspoon. Soc .-. 939
Herbert D. Burnham. Pro 140
16. Part of New York city (New York county).
Thomas Rock, Rep 6,090
Thomas F. Smith. Dem 20.911
Samuel E. Beardsley, Soc 2,044
17. Part of New York city (New York county).
Herbert C. Pell, Jr., Dem 19,225
Frederick C. Tanner, Rep 17,522
Julius Halp-rn. Soc 1,445
Richard G. Green, Pro 119
18. Part of New York city (New York county).
John F. Oarew, Dem 20,445
John M. Leder, Rep 4.742
Pauline Newman, Soc 4,721
Claude Maybell. Pro 74
19. Part of New York city (New York county).
Walter M. Chandler, Rep 22.817
Joseph Rowan, Dem 24,431
Theresa Malkiel, Soc 3,278
Ralph E. Myers, Pro 240
20. Part of New York city (New York county).
Isaac Siegel, Rep 9,191
Charles H. Simmons, Pro 36
Morris Hillquit, Soc 5,974
21. Part of New York city (New York county).
John A. Bolles, Rep 25,434
Jerome F. Donovan, Dem 32,716
George F. Miller, Soc 3.140
Edward A. Packer. Pro 205
22. Part of New York city (New York county).
Anthony J. Griffin. Dem 22,374
Sadie Kort, Rep 5,213
Patrick J. Murphy, Soc 3,331
John G. Tait, Pro 1.145
23. Part of New York city (New York county).
Owen A. Haley, Rep 17,750
Richard F. McKinney, Dem 38,852
Max Geisler. Soc 14.057
24. Part of New York city (New York and West-
Chester counties).
James V. Ganly, Dem 28,209
Benjamin L. Fairchlld, Rep 26,793
Irvin E. Klein. Soc 8,940
25. Counties of Rockland and Westchester (part).
James W. Husted, Rep 22,156
Arthur O. Sherman, Dem 16,117
Bradford Jones, Soc 1,017
Collin F. Jewell. Pro 320
26. Counties of Orange. Putnam and Dutchess.
George A. Coleman, Dem 20,603
Edmund Platt, Rep 29.793
Alfred E. Perkins. Soc 880
Elbert Knapp, Pro 969
27. Counties of Sullivan. Ulster. Greene. Colum-
bia and Schoharie.
Charles B. Ward, Rep 31.724
John K. Evans, Dem. -Pro 25,526
Rolland E. Miles. Soc 803
28. County of Albany and part of city of Troy, in
Rensselaer county.
Rollin B. Sanford, Rep 41,759
Joseph A. Lawson, Dem 31,468
Allin Depew. Soc 1,358
29. Counties of Rensselaer (part). Washington,
Saratoga and Warren.
James S. Parker. Rep 41,848
Gustavus A. Rogers, Dem 23.014
D. V. Linehan. Soc 944
Charles E. Robbius, Pro 1.358
30. Counties of Schenectady, Montgomery, Fulton
and Hamilton.
George R. Limn. Dem 23.591
Frank Orowther. Rep 24,263
Herbert M. Merrill. Soc 2,769
31. Counties of Fssex. Clinton. Franklin and St.
Lawrence.
Bertrand H. Snell. Rep 30,558
Elizabeth Arthur, Dem 10,383
Franklin D. Wallace. Pro 1,565
Samuel G. Cline, Soc 141
32. Counties of Jefferson. Lewis, Oswego and
Madison.
Luther W. Mott, Rep 36.889
Charles A. Hitchcock. Dem 17.655
Stephen R. Lockwood. Pro., 3.261
George H. Rockburn, Sr., Sob 592
308
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
33. Counties of Oneida and Herkimer.
CBarence E. Williams, Dem 23,177
Homer P Snyder Rep 30,937
Population.
26240 Cabarrus .,
20579 Caldwell ....
5649 Camden
13776 Carleret
14858 Caswell
27918 Catawba ....
22635 Chatham ....
14136 Cherokee ....
11303 Chowan
3909 Clay
Wilson.
2080
1725
368
1165
849
2569
1S39
1362
610
400
2764
2143
1780
1971
945
470
2675
910
1824
2463
2028
4115
2057
3019
826
476
1713
1066
4616
2312
1992
2403
1166
977
780
840
3335
1306
3468
712
1054
1666
1321
1146
972
1472
1274
4508
462
1222
1337
2189
2355
1518
1197
1230
710
1177
970
645
953
2839
679
2747
1553
2894
2316
3053
2445
1369
938
2110
1569
2029
829
821
416
2662
1451
4627
1217
651
1141
2625
1632
2052
Hughel
2314
1659
86
1246
338
2624.
1501
1362
91
453
1497
1327
542
1217
87
363
2801
1245
1527
1837
135
3585
396
2542
309
460
648
294
3670
299
1603
1523
1795
209
110.
277
2073
1288
2857
233
573
667
1369
1069
1965
281
1218
1257
1298
1196
1047
826
492
45
785
1158
527
270
400
288
917
719
750
3031
650
1453
1957
2320
1871
2727
137
1941
1852
2977
1128
841
392
702
558
2461
227
486
135°
1446
3470
730
Wilson.
. 1738
. 1627
. 303
. 1153
. 705
. 2110
. 1652
. 906
. 663
. 372
. 2351
. 1668
. 1819
. 1678
. 622
. 397
. 2484
. 823
. 1757
. 2197
. 1851
. 3042
. 1856
. 2333
. 618
. 416
. 1561
. 894
. 3830
. 2300
. 1364
. 2068
. 1092
. 742
. 626
. 636
. 2528
. 1210
. 2757
. 635
. 862
. 1568
. 1280
. 1020
. 897
. 1251
. 1037
. 3967
. 385
. 1012
. 1167
. 1862
. 2021
. 1625
. 901
. 997
. 694
. 972
. 967
. 647
. 820
. 2303
. 675
. 2665
. 1319
. 2706
. 1939
. 2748
. 2180
. 1265
. 751
. 1702
. 1144
. 1919
. 766
. 631
. 297
. 1786
. 1204
. 3996
. 987
. 503
. 933
. 2293
. 1636
. 1741
Taft.RooMTelt
389 1584
482 1167
40 62
218 537
154 45
203 1872
70 1343
734 477
60 77
17 387
81 943
155 892
79 190
235 870
6 8
238 80
1509 1143
810 345
33 1066
124 1204
102 77
1689 1262
71 346
244 1279
95 179
261 223
192 343
124 152
460 1979
42 135
148 1035
354 861
801 380
61 105
63 40
76 300
392 1047
315 729
1335 1083
35 125
451 60
122 347
49 1066
134 841
430 1320
229 34
343 773
284 533
203 716
144 846
252 678
172 576
140 107
57 53
66 550
172 821
74 329
77 184
19 268
228 44
784 184
347 433
153 501
370 1809
82 174
154 660
694 778
280 1537
82 1553
84 2520
9 75
105 1548
1450 210
2277 608
220 858
107 537
224 100
92 457
168 234
282 1517
112 46
384 149
420 819
95 1090
331 2571
82 561
Enoch Ohnstrand. Pro 1.690
34. Counties of Otseco. Delaware, Broome and
Chenango.
William H Hill Rep 38,443
L P Butts Dem 21,628
A. G. Breckinridge, Soc 495
Julius B. Rogers, Pro 6,366
35. Counties of Onondaga and Cortland.
Walter W Magee Rep 42,538
29494 Cleveland ...
2S020 Columbus ...
Ben Wiles Dem 23,193
35284 Cumberland...
7693 Currituck ....
Frank Heck Soc 2,789
Edward 'Q Dietrich Pro 3,202
36. Counties of Cayuga. Wayne, Seneca. Yates
and Ontario.
Norman J Gould Rep 40,857
29404 Davidson
13394 Davie
25442 Duplin
Everett E. Caiman. Dem 16,774
37. Counties of Tompkins. Tioga. Chemunsr.
Schuyler and Steuben.
Alanson B Hough ^on Rep 38,137
35276 Durham
32010 Edgecombe ..
47311 Forsyth
24692 Franklin
37063 Gaston
10455 Gates
4749 Graham
25102 Granville ....
Chauncey L Hurlbut Soc 828
38. Monroe county (part).
60497 Guilford
37646 Halifax
Algernon S. Crapsey, Pro 1.906
39. Counties of Monroe (part). Orleans, Genesee.
Wyoming and Livingston.
Archie D Sanders Rep 35,330
22174 Harcett
21020 Hay wood
1G262 Henderson ...
15436 Hertford ....
Hoke
8R40 Hyde
W. Counties of Niagara and Erie (part).
S Wallace Dempsey Rep 35,480
34315 Iredell
12998 Jackson
41401 Johnston ....
8721 Jones
Matthew D. Young. ' Dem 17,782
41. County of Erie (part).
Charles B. Smith. Dem 16,241
11376 Lee
22769 Lenoir
17132 Lincoln
Franklin P. Brill. Soc 7,023
42. Countv of Erie (part).
James M Mead Dem 16,270
12191 Macon
20132 Madison
17797 Martin
13538 McDowell ...
67031 Mecklenburg..
17245 Mitchell
14967 Montgomery..
17010 Moore
William F Waldow Rep 15,293
Hattie Krueger Soc 3. 087
John H Stoody* Pro 652
43. Counties of Allegany. Cattaraugus and Chau-
tauqua.
Daniel A Reed Rep 36,564
33727 Nash
32037 New Hanover
22323 Northampton.
14125 Onslow
Frank H. Mott. Dem 11,280
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 29 94 123
15064 Orange
9966 Pamlico
16693 Pasquotank...
15471 Ponder
Socialists — 2 2
11054 Perquimans .
State Officers.
Governor— Alfred E. Smith, Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — H. C. Walker, Dem.
Secretary of State— Francis M. Hugo. Rep.
Comptroller — Eugene M. Travis, Rep.
Attorney-General— Charles D. Newton, Rep.
Treasurer — James L. Wells, Rep.
NORTH CAROLINA (Pop., 1916, 3,402,738).
' Counties. ,-Pres. 1916^ ^President 1912- N
Population (100) Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Prog.
1910. Wilson. Hughes. Wilson. Taft. RooMvflt
28712 Alamance ... 2476 2278.. 2132 150 1637
11592 Alexander ... 954 1187.. 852 523 497
7745 Alleghany ... 796 641.. 652 208 256
25465 Anson 2046 301.. 1487 125 118
17356 Person
S6340 Pitt
27640 Polk
9491 Randolph ....
19673 Richmond ...
51945 Robeson
36442 Rockingham..
37521 Rowan
28385 Rutherford ..
299S2 Sampson ....
15363 Scotland
19909 Stanly
20151 Stokes
29705 Surry
10103 Swain
7191 Transylvania.
5219 Tvrrell
33'777 Union
19074 Ashe 1898 1929.. 1643 478 1241
19495 Vance
.Avery 360 1158.. 217 138 950
63229 Wake . .
30S77 Beaufort .... 1957 1274.. 1605 295 548
23039 Bertie 1461 116.. 1571 43 61
20266 Warren
11062 Washington...
135F.C Watanga
35698 Wayne
302S2 Wilkes
28269 Wilson
18006 Bladen 1261 651.. 1140 33 511
1!432 Brunswick .. 810 989.. 777 280 456
49798 Buncombe ... 4229 3830.. 2716 426 2285
£1408 Burke 1621 1474.. 1365 48 1288
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
309
Hughes. Wilson. Taft.Roos
1721.. 713 791 599
1082.. 1112 60 1036
Population. Wilson.
15428 Yadkin 879
12702 Yancey 1273
Total 168383 120890.. 144507 29139 69667
Plurality 47493 .. 75377
Per cent 58.05 41.71.. 59.24 11.94 2S.35
Total vote... 289837 .. 244455
For president in 1916 Benson, Soc., received 509
votes and Hanly, Pro., 55.
For United States Senator, 1918.
F. M. Simmons, Dem 143,524
John M. Morehead, Rep 93,697
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Beaufort. Camden, Chowan. Curri-
tuck. Dare, Gates. Hertford, Hyde, Martin.
Pasquotank, Perquimans, Pitt. Tyrrell and
Washington.
John H. Small. Dem 19.427
C. R. Pugh, Rep 3,401
2. Counties of Bertie, Edgecombe. Greene. Hali-
fax, Lenoir, Northampton, Warren and Wilson.
Claude Kitchin, Dem 9,986
3. Counties of Carteret. Craven, Duplin, Jones,
Onslow, Pamlico. Pender. Sampson and Wayne.
Samuel M. Robinson, Dem 10,205
Claude R. Wheatley, Rep 7,090
4. Counties of Chatham. Franklin. Johnston,
Nash. Vance and Wake.
Edward W. Pou. Dem 12,853
Robert H. Dixon, Rep 6,028
5. Counties of Alamance, Caswell, Durham. For-
syth. Granville. Guilford. Orange, Person. Rock-
inpham. Stokes and Surry.
Charles M. Stedman. Dem 21,076
John W. Kurfees, Rep 16,635
6. Counties of Bladen. Brunswick, Columbus,
Cumberland, Harnett. New Hanover and Robe-
son.
H. P. Godwin, Dem 9,575
Alexander L. McCaskill. Rep 3,702
7. Counties of Anson, Davidson, Davie, Hope,
Lee. Montgomery, Moore, Randolph. Richmond.
Scotland, Union. Wilkes and Yadkin.
Leonidas D. Robinson, Dem 18,275
James D. Gregg, Rep 14,116
8. Counties of Alexander, Allegheny, Ashe. Ca-
barrus. Caldwell. Iredell, Rowan. Stanly and
Watauga.
Robert L. Doughton, Dem 16,105
Frank A. Linney, Rep 13,826
9. Counties of Avery. Burke, Catawba. Cleveland.
Gastou. Lincoln, Madison, Mecklenburg, Mitch-
ell and Yancey.
E. Y. Webb. Dem 16,982
Charles A. Jonas, Rep 12,830
10. Counties of Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay. Gra-
ham, Haywood. Henderson, Jackson, McDowell.
Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Swain and Transyl-
vania.
James J. Britt, Rep 15,271
Zebulon Weaver. Dem 16,323
Legislature.
Democrats 43
Republicans 7
Senate.House.J.B.
139
31
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— Thomas W. Bickett.
Lieutenant-Governor — O. Mas Gardner.
Secretary— J. Bryan Grimes.
Treasurer— B. R. Lacy.
NORTH DAKOTA (Pop.. 1916. 739,201).
Counties. ^-President 1916-< , — Pros. 1912 —
Popuiation(52) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro. Rep.Dem.Prog.
in 1810. Hughes. WllsonBenson Haulj. Tift.Wilson.R'Mrfu
5407 Adams 469 532 63 11.. 205 249 30'>
18066 Barnes.... 1467 1678 75 34.. 570 940 655
12681 Benson... 1210 922 101 29.. 515 594 716
10186 Billings... 306 276 36 5.. 671 547 495
17295 Bottineau 1294 1471 329 36.. 700 825 625
4668 Bowman.. 374 685 88 4.. 302 361 258
Burke 518 922 197 14.. 264 S08 207
13087 Burleigh.. 1182 1267 129 22.. 720 609 552
33935 Cass 3093 3303 157 73.. 1316 1814 1669
Population. nughe«,Wilson.B«nson.Hanlj. Taft. Wilson.R'sorelt
15659 Cavalier.. 1502 1149 68 8.. 561 932 746
9839 Dickey.... 1037 920 99 13.. 494 723 354
707 950 126 11..
566 1208 46 4..
505 650
1090 609
549 662
Divide....
5302 Dunn
4800 Eddy
9796 Emmons..
5313 Foster
404
285
199
410
375
246
376
524
403
45H
297
1!90
374
1!32
89 12.
25 2.
14 10.. 285
G. Val'y.. 499 697 63 10
27888 G. Forks.. 2159 2814 125 50.. 955 1492 1327
6274 Grigcs.... 521 668 27 27.. 144 434 314
6557 Hct'nger.. 856 661 67 11.. 442 381 288
5962 Kldder 604 650 134 23.. 322 218 210
990 141 20.. 436
260 51 6.. 269
10724 LaMoure.. 1045
6168 Logan ..... 567
17627 McHeury. 1349 1456 200 37.. 589
7251 Mclntosh. 950 270 7 1.. 202
5720 McKenzie 692 1316 185 16.. 285
14578 McLean.. 1054 1210 247 20.. 505
4665 Mt-rcer.... 730 353 52 3.. 147
588
146
959
125
293
583
142
419
225
672
607
228
526
89
25289 Morton... 2785 1835 299 23.. 1011 1017 1262
347
511
178
807
276
472
540
341
742
322
277
447
S491 Mountrail 740 1263 231 34.. 407 307
10140 Nelson ____ 1013 861 77 36.. 448 526
3577 Oliver.... 346 327 48 3.. 131 139
14749 Pembina. 1469 1400 16 12.. 615 975
9740 Pierce.... 703 *89 74 22.. 264 453
15199 Ramsey... 1169 1331 90 13.. 739 917
10345 Ransom... 1093 1121 45 27.. 495 490
Renville.. 532 1012 119 24.. 224 420
19659 Richland. 2097 1772 41 28.. 1034 1380
9558 Rolette... 600 762 132 6.. 339 396
9202 Sargent... 1050
8103 Sheridan.. 807
Sioux 232
Slope 516
12504 Stark 1409
7616 Steele 676
868
310
200
867
953
375
67 11.. 605 641
25 10.. 306 170
24 7
91 7
57 6.. 387 678
71 6.. 237 253
18189 Stutsman. 1664 1846 109 24.. 757 1100
8963 Towner. .
12545 Tralll
19491 Walsh...
42185 Ward
665
1423
769
664
77 11.. 352
72 43.. 365
532
507
1670 2003 126 13.. 586 1206
597
444
706
317
765
868
1743 2791 301 84.. 686 1071 1063
11814 Wells ..... 1226 810 48 9.. 356 494 611
20249 Williams. 903 1780 495 26.. 549 696 402
Total... 53471 55206 5705 997.. 23090 29555 25726
Plurality.. 2620 .. 3829
Per cent. 45.94 48.23 4.9 .87.. 26.67 34.14 29.71
Total vote
114603
86580
For Governor, 1918.
Lynn J. Frazier, Rep.-Nonp 54,517
Joseph Doyle, Dem.-Ind 37,733
For Representatives in Congress, 1916.
1. Counties of Cass. Cavalier, Grand Forks, Nel-
son, Pembina, Ramsey, Ransom, Richland, Sar-
gent, Steele, Traill, Towner and Walsh.
H. T. Helgesen, Rep 20.709
Bangs, Dem 13J236
Gram, Soc 1,414
2. Counties of Barnes, Benson, Bottineau, Bur-
leigh, Dickey, Eddy, Emmons. Foster, Griggs,
Kidder, LaMoure. Logan, McHenry, Mclntosh,
Pierce, Rolette, Sheridan. Stutsman and Wells.
George M. Young, Rep 22,227
McDonald, Dem 7,638
Olson, Soc 1,150
3. Counties of Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke,
Divide, Dunn, Golden Valley, Hettinger, Mer-
cer, Morton, Mountrail, McKenzie, McLean,
Oliver, Renville, Stark, Ward, Williams, Sioux
and Slope.
P. D. Norton, Rep 20.393
Simon. Dem 8,293
Klemens, Soc 2,586
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
Republicans 43 96 139
Democrats 6 16 "22
State Officers.
Governor— Lynn J. Frnzier, Rep.-Nonp.
Secretary of State — Thomas Hall, Rep.-Nonp.
Treasurer — John Steen. Rep.
Attorney-General— William Langer, Rep.
310
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
OHIO (Population, 1916, 5,150,356).
Counties. > President 1916 ,, ,
President 1912 »
Population (88)
inWIO.
Rep. Dem.
Hughes. Wilson
Soc.
. Ki'U-uH
Pro.
Dem.
Rep.
Tuft.
Soc.
Debs.
Pro.S.-L.Prog.
Chafln.KoimerR'eeveH
24T55 Adams
2819
2887
107
34.
. 2279
1863
113
54
7
563
56580 Allen
5713
7905
411
HI.
. 5696
2638
977
140
27
2337
22975 Ashland
2534
4000
97
48
. 3364
1017
274
64
16
1559
59547 Ashtabula
6608
5306
569
143.
, 3181
2214
1552
14?,
30
5189
47798 Athens ,
5554
4101
338
».
. 2393
3090
1056
106
tl
2811
31246 Auglaize
2763
4124
246
42.
. 3726
1401
460
56
8
1025
76856 Belmont
7526
7911
1387
222.
, 5412
5267
2731
433
64
1584
24832 Uro wn
2227
3959
45
11,
. 3451
1650
125
39
I
569
70271 Butler
5850
10806
1625
111.
. 7763
3431
3500
99
83
1787
15761 Carroll ."
2286
1672
61
66.
. 1293
1096
108
128
8
1039
26351 Champaign
3695
3338
70
30..
. 2763
2392
172
62
6
1423
66435 Clark .•
8715
8848
538
192.
. 5217
6036
1909
!>,4B
46
3239
26551 Clermont
3549
4247
106
».
. 3610
2543
269
51
9
1115
23680 Clinton
3520
2602
52
4V.
. 2010
2916
146
72
5
841
76619 Coluinbiann
8118
7788
999
421
. 4816
4601
1916
915
32
3811
30121 Coshocton
2831
4629
284
159.
. 3465
1984
667
148
22
968
34036 Crawford
2673
6014
215
68.
. 4733
1432
588
93
22
1176
637425 Cuyahoga
51287
71533
5662
418.
. 43610
14176
10096
373
545
33824
42933 Darke
4322
6186
115
242.
. 5027
3107
296
595
9
1175
24498 Defiance
2565
3359
97
34.
. 2784
872
331
51
7
1459
27182 Delaware
3461
3754
49
104
. 2934
2584
123
157
8
1510
38327 Brie
4170
5152
317.
32.
. 3504
2695
961
54
30
1675
39201 Fairfleld
3380
6172
Ill
«1,
. 5101
1672
188
138
6
1774
21744 Fayette
2772
2616
67
31,
. 2261
2186
141
69
>
844
221567 Franklin
24107
34103
1172
345.
, 20697
12791
5005
398
87
11737
23914 Fulton
, 2933
2507
69
28.,
, 1805
929
164
55
8
2304
25745 Gallia
2860
2277
67
24..
1765
1355
170
48
5
2027
14670 Geauga
1806
1345
43
24.,
873
579
77
24
7
1618
29733 Greene
4458
2913
209
115.,
2107
3242
533
151
17
993
42716 Guernsey
4228
4312
776
130..
2726
3426
1342
180
45
1373
460732 Hamilton
64030
E1990
3739
310..
. 42909
42119
7542
3X4
167
16828
37860 Hancock
4268
5416
211
81..
4309
2241
614
104
16
1757
30407 Hardin
, 4119
4304
113
31
, 3912
2775
313
93
25
1236
19076 Harrison
2517
1911
50
36
1714
1950
147
76
5
704
25119 Henry
2482
3252
91
38.,
, 2994
840
204
55
11
1166
28711 Highland ...,
3727
3964
60
45.,
, 3314
2757
185
80
7
1116
23650 Hocking
, 2357
2907
134
2V.
. 2295
1354
368
46
14
935
17909 Holmes ...,
, 955
2846
43
21.,
, 2429
465
123
29
4
581
34206 Huron
4048
4136
139
57 ,
, 3317
1707
356
71
22
2810
30791 Jackson
, 3116
2922
127
38.,
, 2049
1860
612
53
29
1584
65423 Jefferson
6658
5250
500
109.,
, 3171
4777
1193
205
27
2042
30181 Knox
3646
4578
96
63
, 3632
2530
396
96
14
1226
22927 Lake
2887
2596
106
29,
, 1429
1155
299
29
15
2115
39488 Lawrence
4363
2821
165
33.,
, 2042
2650
407
45
6
1937
55590 Licking —
5935
8183
268
114.,
, 4438
3385
605
110
23
1203
30084 Logan
4345
3483
45
56.,
, 2727
1977
229
84
9
2278
76037 Lorain
6868
7658
464
52.
. 4591
2226
1556
6V
25
5156
192728 Lucas
16711
30779
3000
136.
. 13999
5622
5173
216
158
12442
19902 Madison — ...
2809
2667
16
24,
. 2172
2271
66
45
1
681
116151 Mahoning
11256
13013
741
215.
, 6838
5839
2422
312
57
5226
33971 Marion
4264
5273
264
49.
. 4024
3218
639
98
15
934
23598 Medina
2754
2984
111
36.
. 2108
685
302
55
10
2514
2;"594 Meigs
3184
2628
189
30.
. 1738
2129
548
63
19
1353
27536 Mercer
2065
3803
55
184.
. 3591
1324
126
67
5
570
45047 Miami
5772
5582
433
86.
. 4310
3615
1010
111
23
2056
24244 Monroe
1504
3322
51
36.
. 3199
1055
123
77
7
380
163763 Montgomery
, 19683
24339
2618
235.
. 15544
10341
7079
250
88
6236
16097 Morgan
, 2136
• 1833
105
67.
, 1633
1448
141
126
3
705
16815 Morrow
2062
2345
39
95.
. 1880
1240
102
132
7
1124
57488 Muskingum
, 7597
6328
376
201.
. 5376
4134
1015
221
20
3207
18601 Noble
2290
2175
32
53.
, 1842
1804
96
76
1
681
22360 Ottawa ..:
1793
3347
46
8.
. 2728
791
104
23
8
957
22730 Paulding
2647
2313
85
23.,
. 2296
1542
153
53
2
1223
35396 Perry
3953
3860
381
67.
. 3147
1739
806
104
36
2220
26158 Pickaway
2629
3820
21
42.
, 3311
2282
82
68
b
569
15723 Pike
, 1616
2091
29
17.
. 1691
1184
81
34
4
443
30307 Portage
, 3142
4269
215
57.
. 2855
1162
681
101
5
2583
23834 Preble
2881
3387
59
53.
. 2859
2135
177
76
1
910
29972 Putnam
2243
4294
53
38.
. 4000
1000
144
69
15
1182
47667 Richland
4886
6985
343
69.
, 5201
2389
925
97
28
2058
40069 Ross
:.... 4857
5154
109
50.
. 4494
3600
464
122
16
1096
35171 Sandusky
, 3557
5264
132
84.
, 4333
1576
446
77
18
2103
48463 Scioto
6356
4808
521
124.
. 3508
3609
1222
168
28
2012
42421 Seneca
4301
6451
320
89.
. 5082
2362
567
147
20
2062
24663 Shelby
2352
3801
110
38.
. 3305
1613
245
52
9
678
122987 Stark
14159
15316
1506
322.
. 9908
6033
3606
309
71
6802
108253 Summit
11593
19343
1260
343.
. 7786
3502
3436
378
117
7473
52766 Trumbull
, 6167
6091
684
138.
. 3347
2633
1640
161
38
3556
57035 Tuscarawas
5404
7608
806
54.
. 4978
3417
2177
105
70
1749
21871 Union
3182
2747
47
31.
. 2362
2051
121
59
5
1209
29119 Van Wert
, 3802
3753
131
43.
. 3287
2490
209
60
10
1050
13096 Vinton
1420
1433
53
7.
, 1228
952
203
15
8
581
24497 Warren
3610
2937
60
35.
, 2101
2788
207
61
10
1100
45422 Washington
4745
5267
335
97.
, 4637
3326
618
121
17
1222
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
311
Population
38058 Wayne
Hughes.
3676
Wilson.
5930
Benson.
135
Hanly.
106.
Wilson.
. 4737
Taft.
1674
Debs.
350
Chifin.
137
Keimer
14
AWell
2351
25198 Williams
3132
3552
131
58.
. 2875
1145
219
81
15
2081
46330 Wood
5034
5796
202
76.
. 4356
2020
473
133
21
3021
20760 Wyandot
2078
3250
33
11.
. 2848
1409
93
22
4
854
Total '. 514753
Plurality
Per cent 44.18
Total vote
For United States Senator, 1916.
Myron T. Herrick, Rep 535,391
Atlee Pomerene Dem 571,488
C. E. Ruthenberg. Soc 38,187
Aaron S. Watkins. Pro 12,060
Jacob S. Coxey, Ind 2.965
For Governor, 1918.
James M. Cox, Dem 486,403
Frank B. Willis, Rep 474,459
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Part of Hamilton county.
Nicholas Longworth, Rep 27,030
Sidney G. Strieker, Dem 20,826
2. Part of Hamilton county.
A. E. B. Stephens,' Rep 25,406
Richard A. Powell, Dem 21.868
John Gartleman, Soc 1,495
3. Counties of Butler, Montgomery and Preble.
Charles W. Dustin, Rep 26,625
Warren Gard, Dem 29,653
4. Counties of Allen, Auglaize, Darke, Mercer,
Miami and Shelby.
J. E. Russell, Rep 22,136
B. F. Welty, Dem 22,580
5. Counties of Defiance, Fulton, Henry, Pauld-
ing. Putnam, Van Wert and Williams.
John S. Snook. Dem 17,162
Charles J. Thompson, Rep 19,071
6. Counties of Adams', Brown, Clermont, High-
land, Pike and Scioto.
Charles C. Kearns, Rep 18,592
A. G. Turnipseed, Dem 16,591
7. Counties of Champaign, Clark. Clinton, Fay-
ette, Greene, Logan, Madison, Union and War-
ren.
Simeon D. Fess, Rep 34,594
George Thome, Dem 21,043
John A. Rehm. Soc 486
8. Counties of Crawford, Hancock, Hardin, Ma-
rion, Morrow and Wyandot.
John A. Key, Dem 18,441
B. Clint Cole, Rep 20,688
9. Counties of Lucas and Ottawa.
Isaac R. Sherwood, Dem '. 22,848
James M. Ashley, Rep 18,398
Solon T. Klotz. Soc 2,085
10. Counties of Athens. Gallia, Jackson, Lawrence,
Meigs and Vinton.
Israel M. Foster. Rep 18,438
11. Counties of Fairfleld, Hocking. Perry, Pick-
away and Ross.
Edwin D. Ricketts, Rep 17,608
H. C. Claypool, Dem 15.287
12. County of Franklin.
Clement L. Brumbaugh, Dem 23,441
John C. Speaks, Rep 22,216
Jacob L. Bachnian. Soc 799
13. Counties of Erie, Huron. Sandusky, Seneca
and Wood.
James T. Begg, Rep 21,522
Arthur W. Overmeyer, Dem 18,775
William O. McClory, Soc 341
14. Counties of Lorain, Medina, Portage and
Summit.
Martin L. Davey, Dem 25,932
Charles Dick, Rep 24,170
Cyrus M. Mantcll, Soc 1,490
15. Counties of Guernsey, Monroe, Morgan, Mus-
kinfrum. Noble and Washington.
C. Ellis Moore, Rep 20,063
George White, Dem 18,169
604161 38092 8080.. 424834 278168 90144 11511 2630 "229807
90408 ..146666
51.86 3.27 .69.. 40.94 26.87 8.70 1.11 .25 22.19
1165086 .. 1037094
16. Countl.es of Holmes, Stark. Tuscarawas and
Wayne.
Roscoe C. McCullogh, Rep 29,803
J. C. Breitenstein, Dem 17,694
Joseph Bower, Soc 1,157
17. Counties of Ashland, Coshocton, Delaware,
Knox, Licking and Richland.
William A. Ashbrook. Dem 24,436
William M. Morgan, Rep 22,499
18. Counties of Belmont. Carroll, Columbiana,
Harrison and Jefferson.
Frank Murphy, Rep 22,899
William B. Francis. Dem 20,272
19. Counties of Ashtabula, Malioning and Trum-
bull.
John G. Cooper, Rep 26,857
Joseph Cooke, Soc 1,224
20. Part of Cuyahoga county.
Charles A. Mooney, Dem 19,776
Jerry R. Zmunt, Rep 13,759
C. E. Ruthenberg, Soc 2,429
21. Part of Cuyahoga county.
John J. Babka. Dem 15,511
Harry L. Vail, Rep 10,417
Tom Clifford. Soc 1,829
22. Part of Cuyahoga county and Geaugtt and
Lake counties.
Henry I. Emerson, Rep 32,735
Legislature. Senate.House.J.B.
Republicans 21 77 98
Democrats 12 47 59>
State Officers.
Governor — James M. Cox. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor—Clarence J. Brown. Rep.
Secretary of State — Harvey C. Smith, Rep.
Auditor— A. V. Donahey, Dem.
Treasurer — R. W. Archer, Rep.
Attorney-General — John 'G. Price, Rep.
OKLAHOMA
Counties
Population (77)
in 1U10.
10535 Adair ....
1S138 Alfalfa ..
13808 Atoka ...
13631 Beaver ..
19699 Beckham
17960 Elaine ...
29854 Bryan ...
35685 Caddo ...
23501 Canadian
25358 Carter ...
16778 Cherokee
21862 Choctaw .
4553 Cimarron
18843 Cleveland
15817 Coal
41489 Comanche
Cotton ...
17404, Craig ....
26223 Creek ...
23231 Ouster . .
114f>9 Delaware
14132 Dewey ...
15375 Ellis
33050 Garfleld .
26545 Garvin ..
30309 Grady ...
1S760 Grant ...
16449 Greer —
11328 Harmon .
8189 Harper ..
18875 Haskell ..
(Population, 1916, 9,203,081).
i. , Pres., 1916 ,^-Pres., 1912-,
Dem. Rep. Soc. Dem. Rep.
•Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Wilson. T.iU.
1190
1010
212..
916
850
1390
1378
471..
1179
1714
1480
925
524..
1100
669
1382
918
436..
926
1070
1850
527
890..
1566
64$
1214
1341
678..
744
831
2974
1267
787..
2278
711
2735
2272
1112..
2514
2413
2200
1590
423..
2047.
1794
2949
1013
935..
1860
652
1594
1379
273..
1094
962
1945
957
614..
1392
692
388
238
138..
342
263
1753
885
579..
1471
938
1418
824
567..
1109
571
2130
1221
790..
1931
1320
1500
685
366..
1063
587
1901
1647
189..
1772
1391
3496
2820
1286..
1681
1902
1771
1507
595..
1774
1693
1227
839
221..
983
732
1000
796
891..
1075
1086
1960
983
590..
918
1373
2347
2854
632..
2353
2900
2697
804
1001..
2114
740
3243
1272
819..
2577
1121
1706
1517
298..
1559
1729
1675
369
482..
1334
351
1091
147
257..
895
197
798
662
408..
623
679-
1486
976
477..
1388
902
312
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1919.
Population \\ ,.a.,n. Hughes. Beoiou. Wilson, Taft
24040 Hughes 2188 1219 793.. 1769 1228
McAleer, Rep 9 '06
Langston, Soc 686
23737 Jackson 2096 409 684.. 1819 688
Turner, Ind 13
17430 Jefferson 1739 493 621.. 1118 361
16734 Johnson 1727 756 671.. 1289 506
26999 Kay 2340 2482 373.. 2380 2508
6. Counties of Elaine, Cotton, Caddo, Canadian,
Comanche, Grady, Jefferson, Kingfisher. Ste-
phens.
Scott Ferris, Dem 12 621
18825 Kingfisher ... 1364 1728 417.. 1235 1527
27526 Kiowa 2279 1017 1111.. 1831 1167
11321 Latimer 950 668 335.. 722 48-2
29127 LeFlore 2576 1944 643.. 2019 1538
34779 Lincoln 2258 2388 1047.. 2137 2459
Diehl, Soc 1051
T. Counties of Beckham, Custer, Dewey, Ellis,
Greer, Harmon, Jackson, Kiowa, Roger Mills.
Tillman. Washita.
Jim MeClintic, Dem 11190
31740 Logan 1701 2270 557.. 1700 2546
10236 Love 1125 268 365.. 750 199
15248 Major 763 946 636 689 1200
11619 Marshall .... 1352 449 618.. 958 315
13596 Mayes 1574 1299 227 1391 1077
Leedy, Rep 6 014
Enfield, Soc '. 6014
15659 McClaln 1541 678 492.. 1273 583
20681 McCurtain .. 1763 795 643.. 1059 70J
20961 Mclntosu .... 1743 898 552.. 1325 970
12744 Murray 1305 458 350.. 987 321
8. Counties of Alfalfa. Beaver, Cimarron, Gar-
field, Grant, Kay, Major, Xoble. Texas. Wood-
ward and Woods.
Dick T Morgan Eep 15 349
52743 Muskogee .... 4009 2532 324.. 3691 2385
14945 Noble 1246 1243 216.. 1188 1266
14223 Nowata 1355 1334 178.. 1012 1087
19995 Okfuskee ... 1337 670 526.. 952 651
85232 Oklahoma ... 7971 5291 1215.. 6963 5706
21115 Okmulgee ... 2406 1860 754.. 1243 1140
20101 Osape 2052 1528 • 423.. 1900 1713
Hyde, Dem 10*630
Braham, Soc 1181
Herrick, Ind 56
Legislature.
Legislature is democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— J. B. A. Eobertson.
Lieutenant-Governor— M. E. Trapp.
Secretary of State--J. 8. Morris.
Attorney-General— S. P. Freeliug.
Treasurer — A. N. Leecraft.
Superintendent Public Instruction— E. H. Wilson.
Examiner and Inspector— Fred Parkinson.
Commissioner Labor — Claude E. Connally.
Commissioner Charities— William D. Mathews.
OREGON (Population, 1916, 835,741).
Counties. , President 1916 -^
Population (35j Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
In llil'i. Hughes. Wilson. Benson. Hani/
18076 Baker 2541 3897 324 69
15713 Ottawa 1S77 1642 215.. 1384 1315
17332 Pawnee 1491 1396 528.. 1316 1332
23735 Pavne 2140 1767 833.. 1534 1669
47650 Pittsburg ... 3441 1909 868.. 2767 1574
24331 Pontotoc .... 2418 913 936.. 1842 642
43595 Pottawatomie. 3276 2042 1119.. 3082 2107
10118 Pushmataha.. 1059 645 449.. 747 479
12861 Roger Mills.. 1148 538 566.. 902 716
17736 Rogers 1900 1435 531.. 1637 1258
19964 Sefninole .... 1444 872 921.. 1172 715
25005 Sequovah ... 1632 1179 524.. 1416 1115
22252 Stephens .... 2343 607 1027.. 1735 598
14249 Texas l."-49 811 295.. 764 683
1S650 Tillman 2250 625 367.. 1801 638
34985 Tulsa 4497 3857 849.. 2747 2029
220S6 Wagoner .... 1640 749 299.. 888 555
174S4 Washington . 1839 172S 3181.. 1561 1477
25034 Washita .... 2107 938 703.. 1665 1100
17C07 Woods 1417 1"58 473 1247 1679
10663 Benton 2902 2488 120 207
16592 Woodward .. 1130 1092 605.. 1083 1403
29931 Clackamas 6349 5334 556 222
16106 Clatsop 2568 2239 320 65
Total 149748 97299 48001 .. 119156 90786
10580 Columbia 2023 1451 182 92
Plurality .... 52449 .. 28370
Per cent 50.74 32.99 16.27.. 46.84 35.08
Total vote... 295048 .. 253801
President In 1916, Hanly (Pro.) received 1,646
votes.
For president In 1912 Chafin. Pro., received
2,185 votes, and Debs. Soe., 41,674.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
L. Counties of Craig, Delaware, Mayes, Nowata,
Osage, Ottawa, Pawnee, Rogers, Tulsa, Wash-
ington.
T A Chandler Rep 14506
9315 Crook ... . 1675 2699 209 38
2044 Curry 541 512 118 8
19674 Douglas 3922 3679 420 117
3701 Gilliam 557 870 25 17
5607 Grant 941 1210 145 17
4059 Harney 872 1239 189 22
8016 Hood River 1314 1188 158 58
25756 Jackson 3538 4874 321 230
Jefferson 581 904 62 60
9567 Josephine 1660 1656 230 42
8554 Klamath ... . 1631 1853 170 IS
4658 Lake 793 971 98 27
33783 Lane 7253 5880 607 261
E. B, Howard, Dem 15394
5587 Lincoln 1167 915 190 17
22662 Linn 4524 4675 318 253
2. Counties of Adair, Cherokee, Haskell, Mcln-
tosh, Muskogee, Okmulgee, Sequoyah, Wagoner.
W. W. Hastings, Dem 11,601
Tinch, Rep 7 685
8601 Malheur 1682 1937 293 54
39780 Marion 8316 5699 473 475
4357 Morrow 748 830 92 26
226261 Multnomah 41458 35755 1852 1083
J.A.Lewis, Soc 416
3. Counties of Atoka, Bryan. Carter, Choctaw,
Latimer, LcFlore. Love, McCurtain, Marshall,
Pittsburg, Pushmataha.
C. D. Carter. Dem 15,624
Fowler, Rep 6,982
4243 Sherman 717 747 18 48
6266 Tillamook 1547 1175 95 53
20309 Umatilla 3664 4606 256 122
16191 Union 2253 30S6 259 63
8364 Wallowa 1198 1960 165 20
16336 Wasco 2243 2287 103 80
Price. Soc 791
4. Counties of Coal, Craig, Hughes, Johnson, Lin-
coln, Okfuskee, Pontotoc, Pottawatomie, Sem-
inole.
Tom D. McKeown, Dem 13881
21522 Washington 4888 3363 219 222
2484 Wheeler 629 570 10 6
18285 Yamhill 4010 3342 219 443
Total 126813 120087 9711 4729
Plurality 6796
Waite, Rep 9,687
Per cent 48 39 45 82 3 71 1 81
Conley, Soc 772
6. Counties of Cleveland, Garvin, Logan, Mc-
Clain, Murray, Oklahoma, Payne.
Joe B. Thompson. Dem... ...13.297
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 34.673
votes; Wilson, Dem., 47,064; Chafln, Pro., 4,360;
Debs. Soc.. 13.213. and Roosevelt. Pros.. 37.600.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
313
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop,
Columbia, Coos. Curry, Diouglas, Jackson, Jose-
phine, Lane. Lincoln. Linn. Marion. 1'olk,
Tillamook, Washington and Yamhill.
W. C. Hawley, Rep 37343
Population. 'Wilton. Hughes.B«.iBon. Hanlj.R'mer
24136 Perry 2348 2575 SO 50 1
1549008 Philadelphia ... 90SOO 194163 4716 874 48
S033 Pike 971 598 14 20
29729 Potter 1733 2386 243 179
207894 Schuylkill 13396 17806 909 239 7
16SOO SsnydiT 1249 1797 48 20
llarliii Talburt Soc . . 6 624
67717 Somerset 2957 6008 527 306 2
2. The counties of Baker, Crook, Deschutes. Gil-
liam, Grant, Haruey, Hood River, Jefferson.
Klamath, Lake, Malheur, Morrow, Sherman,
Uniatilla, Union, Wallowa, Wasco and Wheeler.
N. J. Sinnot, Rep 18,312
James H. Graham, Dem 10,461
H. Warmholtz. Soc ?... ..1107
11293 Sullivan 1037 888 21 74
37746 Susquehanna ... 3145 3891 28 263 3
42829 Tioga .-. 2294 5347 91 3l6 4
16249 Union 1272 1902 44 57 1
563C9 Venango 3938 3856 553 1060 3
39573 Warren 2628 3413 346 749 5
143680 Washington 7747 10367 10i6 587 2
3. The county of Multnomau.
C. N. McArthur. Rep 23,277
John S. Smith. Dem 15,728
231304 Westmoreland . 13829 15283 2591 1017 17
15509 Wyoming 1444 1698 41 74 1
136405 York 16314 12276 730 1268 10
A. W. Lafferty, Rep.-Natl 7,661
Legislature, 1918. Senate.House.J.B.
Democrats 3 6 9
Total 5217847037344263728525 417
Plurality 181950
Per cent 40.23 04.26 3.29 2.19 .03
Independents 3 0 3
State Officers.
Governor— James Withycombe, Rep.
Secretary of State— Ben W. Olcott, Rep.
Treasurer— O. P. Hoff, Rep.
Attorney-General — George M. Brown Rep.
Supezintendent of Public Instruction— J. A.
Churchill, Rep.
PENNSYLVANIA (Pop., 1916, 8,532,017).
Counties. , President 1916 >
Population (67) Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.S.-L.
InlUl'. Wilson. Hughes. Benson. Hanlj.R'mer
34319 Adams 3963 3290 82 184 —
Total vote 1297097
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 273,-
305 votes; Wilson, Dem., 395,619; Roosevelt.
Prog., Bull Moose and Washington, 447,426 :
Chafin. Pro., 19,553.
For Governor, 1918.
William C. Sproul, Rep 552447
Eugene C. Bonniwell, Dem 307154
Charles Sehl, Soc 18706
E. J. Fithian, Pro 27360
R. C. Macauley, Single Tax 1075
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
At large— *Wllliam J. Burke, Rep 546,373
'Thomas S. Crago, Rep 527,961
1018463 Allegheny 52833 77483 7815 2052 81
67880 Armstrong 3590 6024 316 364 2
78353 Beaver 5805 6864 904 626 4
3S879 Bedford S26S 3729 238 112 —
18S222 Berks 19267 11937 3146 393 26
10S858 Blair 7002 9893 491 519 30
*Mahlon M. Garland, Rep 529,510
'Anderson H. Walters, Rep 525,615
Joseph F. Gorman, Dem 276,836
Fred Ikeler, Dem 264.065
J. Calvin Strayer, Dem 268,743
54526 Bradford 3655 6178 200 707 2
76530 Bucks 7494 9280 238 172 4
72689 Butler 4544 5458 211 1351 3
166131 Cambria 9416 10688 725 593 8
7644 Cameron 452 713 15 23 —
Socialist (highest) 23J273
Prohibition (highest) 29,309
Single Tax (highest) 2,217
•Elected.
1. Philadelphia county (part).
William S. Vare, Rep 26,120
John Leonard Slivev Soc 751
52846 Carbon 4099 4275 179 138 2
43424 Center 4120 4392 122 146 —
10S213 Chester S511 11845 204 295 6
36638 Clarion 3269 2595 175 278 1
Paul B Cassidy Dem .. 7 146
93768 jClearfield 6180 5676 816 624 3
2. Philadelphia county .(part).
George S. Graham Rep.. 20578
31545 Clinton 2967 2794 344 82 3
48167 Columbia 5785 3013 116 272 1
61565 Crawford 5814 54S7 526 590 3
John H. Berklev, Dem 4,295
54479 Cumberland .... 6432 5296 167 421 3
136152 Dauphin 114S3 13954 841 470 4
Harry Seidman Soc 302
3. Philadelphia county (part).
J". Hampton Moore, Rop 20.099
117906 Delaware 7742 16315 212 464 1
35871 Flk 2186 28^9 925 163 2
115517 Erie 9641 8833 1000 1035 21
William A. Hayes, Dem 5,646
167449 Fayette 10416 9838 849 423 1
4. Philadelphia county (part).
George W. Edmonds, Rep 19,187
'Jacob H. Root, Soc 685
9435 Forest 463 617 110 113 9
59775 Franklin 5336 5674 325 276 1
Joseph E. Fabian, Dem 7,874
3SS04 Huntingdon 2181 3806 169 162 -
66210 Indiana 239S 4887 381 808 3
630^0 Jefferson 3253 4339 445 341 2
5. Philadelphia county (part).
Peter B. Costello, Rep ...25,169
15013 Juninta 1497 1254 32 24 1
?59570 Lackawanna ...15727 17658 598 764 11
167C29 Lancaster 10116 20292 551 1117 20
6. Philadelphia county (part).
George P. Darrow, Rep 42,376
7C032 Lawrence 3966 5134 602 680 3
John K. Laughlin Dem 15722
F>956:~> Lebanon 3821 5876 211 320 —
John A. Fisler, Wasli 643
118832 Lenten 11920 10588 890 300 4
7. Chester and Delaware coumties.
Thomas S. Butlor, Rep 23,882
313186 I.uzerne 19999 25348 1249 575 8
80813 Lvooming 6640 6010 1087 728 3
47868 McKean 3161 4300 487 348 3
77590 Mercer 6390 5866 725 76(5 4
Howard B. Melodv, Soc 227
Luther S. Kaufman. Pro 583
22941 Monroe 3348 1456 17 65 —
8. Bmcks and Montgomery counties.
Henrv Winfield Wntsoti, Rep 23127
16939'1 Montgomery .... 13658 20431 721 257 5
1486S Mont our 1530 1068 16 48 1
Harry E. Grim, Drm 12,213
Elmer S. Young, Soc 607
127667 Northampton ... 11000 9610 457 588 4
111420 Northumberland. 9333 8722 1012 305 12
Theodore Koons. Pro 626
314:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
9. Lancaster county.
William W. Griest, Rep 17.398
Austin E. McCullough, Dem 4,537
S. S. Watts, Pro 618
10. Lackawaana county.
John R. Fair, Rep 11,564
Patrick M. Lane, Dem 11,762
Edward Robling, Soc 217
11. Luzernc county.
John J. Casey, Dem 16,547
E. N. Carpenter, Rep 16,505
12. Schuylkill county.
John E. Reber, Rep 13,500
James J. Moran, Dem 9,712
F. C. Cla/rke. Soc 353
13. Berks and Lehigh counties.
Arthur G. Dewalt, Dem 19,776
J. Wilmer Fisher, Rep 15,608
L. Birch Wilson, Jr., Soc 2,397
E. J. Fithian, Pro 338
14. Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming
counties.
Louis T. McFadden, Rep 11,257
A. M. Cornell, Dem 4,873
Edwin P. Young, Pro 807
William Shellenberger. Soc 117
15. Clinton, Lycoming, Potter and Tioga coun-
ties.
Edgar R. Kiess, Rep 14,153
P. A. McGowan, Soc 653
Charles E. Spotts, Dem 7,372
16. Columbia, Montour, Northumberland and Sul-
livan counties.
John V. Lesher, Dem 11,782
Albert W. Day, Rep 11,599
J. S. Ray, Soc 351
W. W. Haffner, Pro. 546
17. Franklin, Fulton. Huntingdon, Juniata, Mif-
flin, Perry, Snyder and Union counties.
Benjamin K. Focht, Rep./ : 16,762
Scott S. Leiby, Dem 11,348
George Bingham, Soc 298
18. Cumberland, Dauphin and Lebanon counties.
Aaron S. Kreider, Rep 24.981
John W. Coldren, Soc 1.023
J. A. Sprenkel, Pro 2,905
19. Bedford. Blair and Cambria counties.
John M. Rose, Rep 19,846
Bernard J. Clark, Dem 11,857
R. G. Seaman, Soc 722
20. Adams and York counties.
Andrew R. Brodbeck, Dem 13,525
Edward S. Brooks, Rep 15,362
0. W. Thompson, Soc 394
21. Cameron, Center, Clearfleld and McKean
counties,
William E. Tobias, Dem 8,966
Evan J. Jones. Rep 12,678
Harry W. Brown, Rep 809
22. Butler and Westmoreland counties.
Edward E. Robbins. Rep 17,160
George H. MeWherter, Dem 9,904
Max Cenis, Soc 1.627
23. Fayette, Greene and Somerset counties.
Bruce F. Sterling, Dem 14,029
Samuel A. Kendall, Rep 14,550
Louis L. Melltager, Soc 459
Daniel Sturgeon. Pro 822
24. Beaver, Lawrence and Washington counties.
Henry W. Temple, Rep 18,851
William M. Hartman, Dem 7.398
Walter V. Tyler, Soc 1.033
15. Crawford and Erie counties.
•Charles N. Crostoy, Dem 8,763
Milton W. Shreve, Rep 11.137
Ralph W. Tillotson, Soc 1,068
William H. Kerschner, Pro 900
6. Carbon. Monroe, Northampton and Pike
counties.
Henry J. Steele, Dem 11,872
Francis A. March, Jr., Rep 9,781
D. S. Bachman, Pro 2,033
27. Armstrong, Clarion, Indiana and Jefferson
counties.
Nathan L. Strong, Rep 14,804
Don C. Corbett, Dem 5,686
F. H. Brantlinger, Soc 444
8. Elk, Forest, Mercer, Venango and Warn u
counties.
E. H. Beshlin, Dem 10,367
Willis J. Hillings, Rep 13,4^1
M. V. Ball, Soc 637
29. Allegheny county (part).
Stephen Geyer Porter, Rep 19,045
Henry Peter, Soc 1,138
C. G. Porter, Pro 1.222
30. Allegheny county (part).
M. Clyde Kelly, Rep 21,559
H. J. Lohr, Soc •. 2.262
31. Allegheny (part).
John M. Morin, Dem 14.081
William A. Prosser, Soc 772
F. C. Brittain, Pro 560
32. Allegheny (part).
Guy E. Campbell, Dem 20,567
John W. Slayton, Soc 1,553
William O. Wallace, Pro 1,458
Legislature.
The legislature is republican.
State Officers. (All republican.)
Governor — William C. Sproul.
Lieutenant-Governor—Edward E. Beidelman.
Secretary of State— Cyrus E. Woods.
Treasurer — Harmon M. Kephart.
Secretary Internal Affairs — James F. Woodward.
RHODE ISLAND (Pop., 1916, 614,315).
Counties. , -- President 1916
population (5) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.S.-I
.Uanlj.Keim
18
.
in 1»10. Hughes. Wils
17602 Bristol .......... 1576 1306
36378 Kent ............ 5069 4498 173 40
39395 Newport ......... 3317 2556 38 26
424417 Providence ...... 32263 27630 1486 298
24942 Washington ..... 2633 2055 18 47
Total 44858 38045 1758 429 159
Plurality 6813
Per cent 52.6244.63 2.06 .50 .19
Total vote 85249
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 27,-
703 votes; Wilson, Dem., 30,412; Chann, Pro.,
616; Debs, Soc., 2,049; Reimer, Soc. -Lab., 236.
and Roosevelt, Prog., 16,878 votes.
For United States Senator, 1918:
Le Baron B. Colt, Rep 42,682
A. A. Archambault, Dem 36,031
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Newport, Bristol and Providence
(part).
Clark Burdick, Rep 14,478
T. F. Green, Dem 11,556
2. Counties of Kent, Washington and Providence
(part).
Walter R. Stiness, Rep 14.710
Stephen J. Casey, Dem 10,914
3. County of Providence (part).
Ambrose Kennedy, Rep 14,037
William G. Troy, Dem 12,176
Legislature, 1916. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 25 63 88
Democrats .> 13 35 48
State Officer!. (All republicans.)
Governor— R. Livingston Beeckman.
Secretary of State— J. Fred Parker.
Treasurer— Walter A. Read.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
315
SOUTH CAROLINA (Pop.. 1916, 1,625,475).
Counties. ^-Pres., 1916.-^ ,-Pres., 1912.-
Popui»(ioD (45) Dem. Rep. Soc. Dem. Prog. Rep.
&19H). Wilaon. Hughes. ll<m.«u.Wilson.Roo»'velt. " ~
34804 Abbeville ... 900 8 — .. 1095 4
41849 Aiken 1750 26 — .. 1452 4
69568 Anderson 2609 6 — .. 2158 66 25
18544 Bamberg 820 — — .. 616 1 3
34209 Barnwell .... 1454 21 — .. 1139 5 15
30355 Beaufort .... 376 105 — .. 464 62 50
23487 Berkeley .... 457 6 — .. 323 13 5
16634 Calhoun 665 41 35.. 460 16 15
88594 Charleston .. 1929 129 — .. 1760 100 34
26179 Cherokee .... 1271 13 — . . 1259 7 16
29425 Chester 1182 17 — .. 1286 20 —
26301 Chesterfield.. 1883 3 — .. 1170 4 —
32188 Clarendon ... 894 18 — .. 932 32 —
35390 Colleton 974 31 — .. 797 12 14
36027 Darlington .. 1462 5 — .. 883 2 —
22615 Dillon 972 — — .. 680 11 2
17891 Dorchester ..716 44 — .. 576 13 18
28281 Edgefield 959 5 — . . 779 18 3
29442 Fairfleld 726 — — . . 622 8 3
35671 Florence .... 1912 26 — .. 1496 65 6
22270 Georgetown .470 2 4.. 405 37 10
68377 Greenville ... 3384 81 8.. 3140 — —
34225 Greenwood .. 1636 13 3.. 1307 11 17
25126 Hampton .... 852 — — .. 631 — —
26995 Horry 1638 — — .. 863 7 3
Jasper 243 — — .. 198 — —
27094 Kershaw .... 989 14 — .. 708 25 7
26650 Lancaster ... 1426 1 — .. 1140 5 6
41550 Laurens 1895 14 1.. 1566 17 6
25318 Lee 779 14 — .. 571 6 3
32040 Lexington ...2060 31 46.. 1201 30 3
20596 Marion 1019 3 — .. 710 11 3
31189 Marlboro ....1071 2 — .. 719 — —
McCormick .637 — — .. — — —
34586 Newberry ... 1719 19 20.. 1206 12 6
27337 Oconee 885 59 — .. 760 69 58
55893 Orangeburg . 2641 159 — .. 1550 95 40
25422 Pickens 1139 7 — .. 815 18 15
55143 Richland .... 2283 292 12.. 1557 161 23
20943 Saluda 1227 1 5.. 850 3 —
83465 Spartanburg. . 4503 112 1.. 3616 185 37
38472 Sumter 1357 142 — .. 910 52 31
29911 Union 1476 — — .. 1609 56 20
37626 Williamsburg 1212 57 — .. 729 18 6
47718 York 1393 23 — .. 1641 12 12
Total 61846 1550 135.. 48357 1293 536
Plurality ....60296 .. 47064
Per cent ....96.71 2.42 .21.. 96.04 2.571.06
Total vote... 63951 .. 59350
In 1916, 162 votes were cast for "progressive"
electors and 258 for "progressive republican"
electors. For president in 1912 Debs, Soc.. re-
ceived 164 votes.
In 1918 Robert A. Cooper, Dem., was elected
governor without opposition. Nat B. Dial, Dem.,
was elected TJ. S. senator for the long term and
W. W. Pollock, Dem., for the short term. They
had no opposition.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Berkeley. Charleston, Clarendon, Colleton and
Dorchester counties.
R. S. Whaley, Dem 2,328
2. Aiken, Bamberg, Barnwell, Beaufort, Edgefleld,
Hampton, Jasper and Saluda counties.
James F. Byrnes, Dem 3,155
3. Abbeville, Anderson, Greenwood, McCormick,
Newberry, Oconoe and Pickens counties.
Fred H. Dominick, Dem 3,698
4. Greenville, Laurens, Spartanburg and Union
counties.
Sam J. Nichols, Dem 4,069
5. Cherokee, Chester. Chesterfield. Fairfield, Ker-
shaw, Lancaster and York counties.
W. F. Stevenson, Dem .3,640
6. Darlington. Dillon, Florence, Georgetown, Hor-
ry, Marion. Marlboro and Williamsburg coun-
ties.
J. W. Ragadale, Dem 3,626
7. Calhoun, Lee, Lexington, Orangeburg, Rich-
land and Sumter counties.
A. F. Lever, Dem 4,761
R. H. Richardson, Rep 176
Legislature.
The legislature is democratic.
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— R. A. Cooper.
Secretary of State— W. Banks Dove.
State Treasurer — S. T. Carter.
Attorney-General— S. M. Wolfe.
SOUTH DAKOTA (Pop., 1916, 698,509).
Counties. , President, 1916 ^
Population (63) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
in 1X10. HughM.Wil.on. UcMon. Hanly
6143 Aurora 735 793 23
15776 Beadle 1662 1828 21
Bennett 67 222 4
11061 Bon Homme 1231 1278 40
14178 Brookings 1628 1385 46
25867 Brown 2659 2676 472
6451 Brule 729 975 40
1589 Buffalo 80 182 1
4993 Butte 537 930 135
5244 Campbell 644 163 14
14899 Charles Mix 1450 2011 41
10D01 Clark 1226 1016 28
8711 Clay #...1000 1207 25
14092 Codington 1550 1344 47
2929 Corson 503 641 41
4458 Ouster 392 488 50
1625 Davison 1516 1374 66
14372 Day 1758 907 121
17778 Deuel 908 584 14
1145 Dewey 352 379 14
6400 Douglas 815 597 3
6754 Edmunds 894 634 41
7763 Fall River 668 922 44
6716 Faulk 759 629 25
10393 Grant 1098 772 48
13061 Gregory 1434 1396 72
Haakon 399 475 86
17475 Hamlin 1039 692 26
7870 Hand 801 905 49
6237 Hanson 767 712 9
4228 Harding 520 597 119
6271 Hughes 611 636 39
12319 Hutchinson 1636 519 53
3307 Hyde 438 305 40
Jackson 283 279 6
5120 Jerauld 612 589 5
12560 Kingsbury 1339 1096 70
10711 Lake 1398 1027 92
19694 Lawrence 2074 2157 114
12712 Lincoln 1591 936 62
10848 Lyman . . , 981 1052 97
9589 MoCook 1194 1021 48
6791 McPheraon 992 224 16
8021 Marshall 808 885 56
12640 Meade 858 1224 141
Mellette 379 436 15
7661 Miner 1006 880 24
29631 Minnehaha 4318 3494 197
8695 Moody 973 898 89'
12453 Pennington 1108 1339 122
1134S Perkins 890 929 118
4466 Potter 512 408 7
14897 Roberts 1259 1191 187
6607 Sanborn 711 898 28
15981 Spink 1660 1622 74
14975 Stanley 254 381 19
2462 Sully 281 268 8
8323 Tripp 1074 1341 40
13840 Turner 1573 1134 18
10676 Union 1108 1313 19
6488 Walworth 761 590 28
13135 Yankton 1429 1438 45
Ziebach 275 211 10
45
24
4
20
94
77
6
2
10
11
12
56
14
50
7
1
46
86
24
4
3
43
10
22
67
17
12
36
VI
12
15
9
27
90
23
20
50
17
24
7
24
20
2
17
194
22
24
13
11
32
56
59
10
10
28
25
4
25
5
Total 64261 59191 3760 1774
Plurality 5070
Per cent 49.91 45.85 2.89 1.35
Total vote 128986
316
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
For president In 1912 Rooseyelt, Prog., received
58,811 votes; Wilson, Dem., 48,942; Chafin, Pro.,
3,910, and Debs, Soc., 4,662.
For Governor, 1918.
Peter Norbeck, Rep 48,787
Population. Wilson. Hughee. BenKm.IUnlj
31083 Greene 2254 3055
8322 Grundy 735 319 103
13650 Hamblen 741 795 31
89267 Hamilton 5828 4697 156 78
James B. Bird, Dem 17,346
23011 Haivlpmfln . 1724 485 7
Mark P. Bates, Nonp 24,919
17521 Hardin 979 isn 10
O. S. Anderson, Soc 711
For United States Senator, 1918.
Thomas Sterling, Rep i 50,911
Orville V Rinehart Dem 35 535
17030 Henderson 978 1373
25434 Henry 2988 1393 60 6
16527 Hickman 1479 1026 28
W. T. Rafferty, lud 6,164
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Aurora, Bon Honime, Brule, Buffa-
lo. Charles Mix. Clay. Davison. Douglas, Han-
son. Hutchinson. Jerauld, Lake, Lincoln, Miner.
Moody, Minnehaua, McCook, Sanborn, Turner,
Union and Yankton.
C. A. Christopherson, Rep 19,240
Robert E. Dowdell, Dem 14,752
6224 Houston 627 207 42 1
13908 Humphreys 1148 452 17
15036 Jackson 1506 740
5210 James 230 606 1
17755 Jefferson 520 1648 5
13191 Johnson 263 1812
94187 Knr>y 4214 5791 106
8704 Lake 727 130 12
21105 Lauderdale 1572 532 2
17569 Lawrence 1V87 1837 10
J. D. Wlpf, Ind.... 1.333
2. Counties of Beadle. Brookings, Brown, Camp-
bell, Clark. Codington. Day, Deuel. Edmunds.
Faulk. Grant. Hamlin, Hand, Hughes, Hyde,
Kingsbury, Marshall, McPherson, Potter, Rob-
erts, Spink, Sully and Walworth.
Royal C. Johnson. Rep 21,162
James W. McCarter. Dem 8,200
25908 Lincoln 2791 552 10 4
13612 Loudon 423 698 3
14559 Macon 980 1600
21046 McMinn 1090 1726 — —
16356 McNalry 1461 1618 1
39357 Madison '2659 1149 70
18820 Marion 1155 1432 54
16872 Marshall 1652 461 21
Roller Glendenning, Soc 862
E. F. Atwood, Pro..4 1,592
3. Counties of Armstrong, Bennett, Butte, Cor-
son, Custer, Dewey, Fall River, Gregory, Hard-
ing, Haakon, Jackson. Jones, Lawrence, Ly-
man, Meade, Mellette, Pennin^ton, Perkins,
Stanley, Todd, Tripp, Washabaugh, Washing-
ton and Ziebach.
Harry L Gandy Dem 10,030
40456 Maury 2169 720 37
6131 Meigs 541 608 1
20715 Monroe 1963 J.459 19
33672 Montgomery 1976 991 52
4800 Moore 722 71
11-158 Morgan . 563 1265 40
29946 Obion 3170 591 29
15854 Overton 1512 1030 47
8815 Perry 663 483 5
Harry A Atwater Rep 7,703
5087 Pickett .. 418 501
J E Basford, Soc 210
14116 Polk r. 767 887 17
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 42 85 127
20023 Putnam 2100 1383 2 2
15410 Rhea 661 768 31
22860 Roane 669 1395 66
State Officers. (All republicans.)
Governor — Peter Norbeck.
Lieutenant-Governor — W. H. McMasters.
Secretary of State — C. A. Burkhart.
Treasurer — C. H. Helgerson.
A ttorney-Gr-neral— C. C. Caldwell.
25466 Robertson 2106 733 82 2
33199 Rut herf ord 2941 1116
12947 Scott 206 1486 101 14
4202 Sequatchie 335 238 6
22296 Sevier 301 2837 1
191439 Shelby 10967 4515 202
18548 Smith 2196 941
14860 Stewart 1711 591 38
2S120 Sullivan 2601 1776 7
TENNESSEE (Population, 1916, 2,288,004).
Counties. , President 1916 ,
Population (96) Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.
In 1910. Wilson. Hughei. Benson. Hanlj
17717 Anderson 540 1733 20 —
25621 Sumner 2565 627 76
29459 Tipton 2035 383 70
5874 Trousdale 688 217
7201 Unicoi 226 961
11414 Union 389 1490 4 1
29667 Bedford 2340 1360 — 1
2784 Van Buren 405 151 12 —
12452 Benton . . 1313 805 24 —
16534 Warren 1860 632 20
$399 Bledsoe 423 681 — —
28968 Washington 1831 2723 8 —
20809 Blount 1015 2462 1 18
12062 Wayne 1855 624 19
16336 Bradley . 784 1482 18 6
31929 Weakley 3609 1768 6
27387 Campbell 485 1670 46
15420 White 1407 587 34
lOS^S Cannon 930 456 24 —
24213 Williamson 2036 600 10
23971 Carroll 2001 2217 40 1
25394 Wilson 2536 839 —
19838 Carter 498 2261 — —
10540 Cheatham 1117 439 6 —
Total 150966 115641 2538 144
9090 Chester . . . ' . . 862 645 42 —
Plurality 35325
23504 Claiborne . . . . 1053 1398 19 —
Per cent 5606 4295 94 05
9009 Clay 680 578 17 —
Total vote 269989
19399 Cocke 595 1478 13 1
For president in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received 147
votes.
For United States Senator, 1918.
J. K. Shields, Dem 99677
15625 Coffee : 1837 489 20 —
16076 Crockett 1608 1144 — —
9327 Cumberland . . 428 924 3 —
149478 Davidson 8958 3168 194 —
10093 Decatur 887 893 17 —
H. C. Evans, Rep 61*093
15434 DeKalb 1407 1343 10 —
For Governor, 1918.
A. H. Roberts, Dem 99680
19955 Dickson 2105 1008 40 1
27721 Dver 1997 459 36 —
30257 Fayette 1812 116 2 —
7443 Fentress 348 925 44 3
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Carter. Claiborne. Cocke.
Grainger, Greene, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson,
Sevier, Sullivan, Unicoi and Washington.
Sam R. Sells, Rep ...12853
20491 Franklin 2469 711 55 —
4163C Gibson 3412 1410 32 —
32629 Giles 3209 1488 5 1
13888 Grainger 843 1529 — 3
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
317
2. The counties of Anderson. Blount. Campbell.
Hiimblen, Jefferson, Kuox, Loudon, Roane,
Scott and Union.
J. W. Taylor, Rep 13,868
H. Johnson, Dem 4,877
3. The counties of Bledsoe. Bradley, Franklin.
Grundy, Hamilton. James, McMiun, Marion,
MeiRS. Monroe. Polk. Sequatchie. Van Buren,
Warren and White.
John A. Moon, Dem 12,566
4. The counties of Clay, Cumberland, Fentress,
Jackson, Macou, Overton, Pickett, Putnam,
Rhea, Smith. Sumner. Trousdale and Wilson.
Cordell Hull, Dem 11,646
5. The counties of Bedford, Cannon, Coffee, De-
Kalb, Lincoln, Marshall. Moore and Ruther-
ford.
Edwin L. Davis, Dem 11,089
6. The counties of Cheatham, Davidson, Mont-
gomery, Robertson and Stewart.
Joseph W. Byrns, Dem 10,794
7. The counties of Dickson, Giles, Hickman,
Houston, Humphreys, Lawrence, Lewis, Maury,
Wuyne and Williamson.
L. P. Padgett, Dem 10,178
8. The counties of Benton. Carroll, Chester. De-
catur, Hardi'.i. Henderson, Henry, Madison, Mc-
Nairy and Perry.
T. W. Sims, Dem 9,010
9. The counties of Crockett, Dyer, Gibson, Hay-
wood, Lake, Lauderdale, Obiou and Weakley.
F. J. Garrett, Dem 11,129
10. The counties of Fayette, Hardeman, Shelby
and Tipton.
Hubert Fisher, Dem 11,606
Legislature.
The legislature is democratic on Joint ballot.
State Officers.
Governor— A. H. Roberts. Dem.
Secretary of State — R. R. Sneed, Dem.
Treasurer— W. P. Hickerson, Dem.
, President 1916 >
Dem. Rep. Pro. Soc.
• Hugbe«. Ham/. Beni
TEXAS (Population, 1916, 4,429,566).
Counties.
Population (250)
inl'.l". Wilson.
29650 Anderson 1984
975 Andrews 71
17705 Angelina 1344
2106 Aransas 179
6525 Archer 527
2682 Armstrong 352
10004 Atascosa 635
17699 Austin 960
4921 Bandera 537
25344 Bastrop 1335
8411 Baylor 711
12090 Bee 584
49186 Bell 3615
119676 Bexar 7008
4311 Blanco 628
1386 Bo^drn 84
19013 Bosqiie 1561
4827 Bowie 1941
13299 Brazoria 1033
18919 Brazos 1027
5220 Brewster 207
2162 Briscoe 260
Brooks 101
22935 Brown 1986
18687 Burleson 1208
107."> Burnet 913
24237 Caldwell 1216
3635 Calhoun 338
12973 Oallahnn S59
27158 Cameron 1260
501
75
24
104
43
119
673
168
550
47
152
356
5483
235
1
179
414
581
273
1
63
181
2
115
225
84
74
420
Population. Wilson. Hughel. Uanlr. Benson
9551 Camp 721 206 2" 35
2127 Carson 326 78 3 7
27587 Cass 1505 707 — 124
1850 Castro 176 69 2 5
4234 Chambers 239 101 3 43
29038 Cherokee 2002 241 4 245
9538 CUildress 948 31 3 77
17043 Clay 1324 177 5 54
6412 Coke 484 29 3 42
22618 Coleman 1700 96 2 182
49021 Collin 4141 594 8 190
5224 Collingsworth 589 31 6 54
18897 Colorado 1041 358 6 76
8434 Comal 432 742 — 38
27186 Comanche 1494 14$ 13 301
6654 Concuo 418 36 2 53
26602 Cooke 2273 353 3 106
21703 Corycll 1802 188 3 72
4396 Cottle 455 12 67 1
331 Crane — — — —
3296 Crockett 65 16 — 5
1765 Crosby 456 31 — 46
Culberson 124 2 — 1
4001 Dallam 363 '81 7 39
135748 Dallas 13410 2554 105 184
2320 Dawson 288 14 2 14
3S42 Deaf Smith 356 77 3 16
14566 Delta 1254 72 9 115
31258 Denton 2844 451 10 157
23501 DeWitt 1056 1068 2 21
3092 Dickens 389 15 — 33
3460 Dimmit 193 74 1 —
5284 Donley 636 42 15 54
8964 Duval 597 37 — 3
23421 Eastland 1086 146 13 294
1178 Ector 120 2 — —
376S Edwards 299 73 1 5
53629 Ellis 4718 324 11 74
52599 El Paso 3603 1770 34 111
32095 Erath 2024 181 17 287
35649 Falls 2037 729 — 232
44801 Fannin 3493 471 9 236
29796 Fayette 1902 1212 6 40
12596 Fisher 950 46 6 229
4638 Floyd 600 48 7 78
5726 Foard 475 41 — 88
18168 Fort Bend 788 329 68 16
9331 Franklin 684 62 — 42
20557 Freestone 1575 637 1 98
8895 Frio 410 55 2 4
1255 Gaines 80 — — 4
44479 Gulveston 3543 1263 46 73
1995 Garza 330 14 — 14
9447 Gillespie 405 1463 2 12
1143 Glasscock 96 8 — 4
9909 Goliad 605 548 5 59
28055 Gonzales 1675 649 6 51
3405 Gray 482 69-2 35
65996 Grayson 5092 1024 20 285
14140 Gregg 820 159 2 25
21205 Grimes 1108 108 2 25
24913 Guadalupe 830 1812 1 7
7566 Hale 908 80 7 43
8279 Hall 925 49 6 88
15315 Hamilton 1231 201 1 28
935 Hansford 166 47 9 14
11213 Hardeman 932 94 6 123
12947 Hardin 1279 158 7 90
115693 Harris 10131 3009 74 433
37243 Harrison 1374 172 10 60
1298 Hartley 161 30 1 1
16249 Haskeil 1200 95 2 369
15518 Hays 995 123 5 10
3170 Hemphill 496 '141 13 23
20131 Henderson 1790 268 1 354
13728 Hidalgo 1364 260 7 27
1676U Hill 3951 382 17 86
137 Hockley — — — —
10008 Hood 693 64 1 84
31038 Hopkins 2568 218 14 231
29564 Houston 1730 373 — 162
8881 Howard 747 30 1 99
48116 Hunt 4242 424 17 155
892 Ilutchinson 114 28 3 6
1^83 Irion 150 5 — 11
11817 Jack 862 121 4 115
6471 Jackson 403 123 5 65
318
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Population. Wn«on.
14000 Jasper 906
1678 Jeff Davis 234
38182 Jefferson 3082
Jim Ilufe-g 187
Jim Welis 335
34460 Johnson 3040
24299 Jones 1798
14942 Karncs 889
35323 Kaufman 2780
4517 Kendall 232
2655 Kent 212
5505 Kerr 621
3261 Kimble 223
810 King 47
3401 Kinney 233
Kleberg 427
9625 Knox 884
46544 Lamar 3412
540 Lamb 150
9532 Lampasas 848
4747 LaSalle 340
26418 Lavaoa 1784
13132 Lee 571
16583 Leon 979
1068G Liberty 704
34621 Li mestonc 2188
2634 Lipscomb 350
3442 Live Oak 397
6520 Llano 716
249 Loving —
3624 Lubbock 633
1713 Lynn 331
10318 Madison 730
10472 Marion 445
1549 Martin 125
5683 Mason 386
13594 Ma tagorda 748
5151 Maverick 192
13405 McCulloch 847
73250 McLennan 4979
1091 McMullen 115
13415 Medina 758
2707 Menard 267
3464 Midland 339
36780 Milam 2198
9694 Mills 640
8956 Mitchell 803
25123 Montague 1803
15679 Montgomery 880
561 Moore 103
10439 Morris 689
2396 Motley 393
27406 Nacogdoches 1766
47070 Navarro 3527
10850 Newton 493
11999 Nolan 1048
21955 Nueces 1830
1602 Ochiltree 238
812 Oldham 138
9528 Orange 758
19506 Palo Pinto 1431'
20424 Panola 1228
26331 Parker 1797
1555 Farmer 194
2071 Pecos 394
17459 Polk 918
12424 Potter 1288
5218 Presidio 245
6787 Rains 509
312 Randall 341
392 Reagan 59
Real 242
28564 Red River 2021
4392 Reeves 346
2814 Refugio 408
950 Roberts 220
27454 Robertson 1313
8072 Rockwall 828
20858 Runnels 1487
26946 Rusk 1849
8582 Sabine 681
11264 San Augustine 682
9542 San Jacinto 442
7307 San Patriclo 594
75
74
488
11
100
275
114
238
427
590
2
272
13
3
201
106
64
309
14
113
40
936
836
335
224
225
116
119
72
34
15
120
166
14
157
12
240
61
940
29
650 7
44 —
24 1
576 4
129 3
39 1
245 5
179 3
6 —
163 163
92
294
34
91
404
41
42
92
124
125
173
64
96
107
166
27
71
63
2
14
356
43
232
27
218
27
195
521
22
18
255
130
, Benson
41
1
155
35
170
214
5
172
5
25
30
13
7
44
105
96
4
31
3
241
82
162
82
107
47
23
41
1
22
32
79
2
117
122
26
32
7
230
106
80
242
141
52
28
141
100
23
79
142
8
141
5
47
3
44
133
196
51
51
1
Population. Wilson. Hughes. Hinlj. Benson
11245 San Saba 955 66 5 90
1893 Schleicher 163 10 — 1
10924 Scurry 994 40 3 78
4201 Shackelford 378 51 2 36
26423 Shelby 1767 131 6 175
1376 Sherman 152 39 2 9
41746 Smith 2422 773 16 270
3931 Somervell 278 20 — 84
13151 Starr 516 115 — —
7980 Stephens 572 12 — 103
1493 Sterling 205 61 —
53?0 Stonewall '. 502 21 — 119
1569 Sutton 130 13 — —
4012 Swisiier 381 62 2 10
1&S572 Tarrant 10269 1551 65 329
26293 Taylor 2134 120 2 118
1430 Terrell 181 59 — 2
1474 Terry 146 1 — —
4563 Tbrockmorton 330 10 1 76
16422 Titus 1164 189 22 95
17882 Tom Green 1243 92 12 63
55620 Travis £682 690 18 71
12768 Trinity 906 156 2 91
10250 Tyler 635 24 — 31
19960 Upshur 1346 198 10 121
501 Upton 42 6 1 —
11233 Uvalde 728 92 1 13
8613 Valverde 446 135 2 5
25651 Van Zandt 2040 232 11 648
14990 Victoria 897 476 6 35
16061 Walker 763 315 1 24
12J38 Waller 635 182 2 6
2389 Ward 178 23 2 8
25561 Washington 1119 1306 3 3
22503 Webb 676 472 — —
21123 Wharton 948 351 17 85
5258 Wheeler 554 56 7 83
16094 Wichita 2108 347 28 94
12000 Wilbarger 1242 99 2 116
Wil'acy 110 10 — —
42228 Williamson 2701 656 14 80
17066 Wilson 869 345 7 30
442 Winkler 21 — — —
26450 Wise 2023 263 155 9
23417 Wood 1719 248 12 416
602 Yoakum 85 1 — 1
1S657 Young 1175 71 71 71
3809 Zapata 26 214 — —
1889 Zavalla 229 43 2 17
Total 285124 64356 2054 19135
Plurality 220768
Per cent 76.92 17.36 .55 5.17
Total vote 370669
For United States Senator, 1918.
Morris Sheppard, Dem 248,742
J. Webstor Flanagan, Rep 36 1&4
M. A. Smith. Soc 12,362
For Representatives' in Congress, 1918.
Dist.
I.Eugene Black, Dem 15,295
2. J. C. Box. Dem 12,188
S.James Young, Dem 6,320
4. Sam Rayburn, Dem '.'.640
5. Hatton W. Summers, Dem 21,670
6. Rufus Hardy, Dem.... 10,021
7. Clay Stone Briggs, Dem 8,420
S.Joe H. Eagle, Dem 14,630
9. Joseph J. Mansfield, Dem 12,760
10. James P. Buchanan, Dem 11,372
11. Tom Conally, Dem 12.416
12. James C. Wilson, Dem 18,784
13. Lucian W. Parrish. Dem 11,162
14. Carlos Bee, Dem 8,722
15. John N. Garner, Dem 12,657
16. Claude B. Hudspeth. Dem 18.942
17. James L. Blanton, Dem 14,386
18. Marvin Jones, Dem 11,234
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Democrats 31 142 173
Republican 1 1
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
319
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— W. P. Hobby.
Lieutenant-Governor — W. A. Johnson.
Comptroller of Public Accounts— H. B. Terrell.
Treasurer — John W. Baker.
Commissioner of General Land Office— J. T. Rob-
ison.
Attorney-General— C. M. Cureton.
Superintendent of Public Instruction— Anne Webb
Blanton.
Commissioner of Agriculture — Fred Davis.
Adjutant-General — James A. Harley.
Population. Wilson. Hughes. Ilcnwn.Ilanlj
42447 Chittenden 3786 2772 58 43
7384 Essex 734 544 8 7
2986G Franklin . 27% 2107 43 11
3761 Grand Isle 407 434 1 3
12585 Latnoille 1474 643 51 27
18703 Orange 2151 1379 46 51
23337 Orleans 2758 1047 41 7
48139 Rutland 5926 2785 134 84
41702 Washington 4216 2732 98 335
26933 Winduam 3375 1698 37 42
33681 Windsor 4236 2216 38 70
UTAH (Population. 1916, 434,083).
Counties. , President 1916 v
Population (27) Dem. Rep. Soc. Pro.
in I'JK). Wileon. Hupl.es. Btnxin. Hanly
13894 Box Elder 2954 2414 34 —
Total ., ,...40250 22708 7j09 798
Plurality 17542
Per cent 62.45 3523 1.09 123
Total vote 61465
For president In 1912, Taft, Rep., received
23,305 votes; Roosevelt, Prog., 22,070; Wilson,
Dem., 15.350; Chafln, Pro., 1.154.
For United States Senator. 1916.
Carroll S. Page, Rep 47,362
Oscar C. Miller, Dem 14,956
23062 Cache 5314 3757 75 2
8624 Carbon ... 1472 1291 147 4
10191 Davis 2124 1644 22 2
Duchesne 1450 685 410 —
6750 Emery 1401 879 88 —
3660 Garfield 843 517 16 1
1595 Grand 307 212 19 —
3133 Iron 1151 829 76 —
N. E. Greenslet, Soc 1,366
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Addison. Bennington, Chittenden,
Franklin. Grand Isle, Lamoille and Rutland.
Frank L. Greene, Rep 16,309
10702 Juab 2214 1247 151 —
1652 Kane ' 327 304 14 —
6118 Millard 1781 1299 94 6
2467 Morgan 484 464 8 —
John Higgins> Dem 5179
1734 Piute 419 268 65 —
2. Counties of Oaledonia, Essex, Orange, Orleans,
Washington. Windham and Windsor.
Porter H. Dale, Rep 16,1^5
1883 Rich 456 323 — —
131496 Salt Lake 30682 17637 1778 70
2377 San Juan ... 445 213 15 —
J. B. Reardon, Dem 5 618
16704 Sanpete 3385 2910 78 1
For Governor. 1918.
Percival W. Clement, Rep 28,358
9775 Sevier 2031 1722 67 —
8200 Summit • • . 1495 1190 240 1
7924 Tooele • 1531 1125 113 1
William B. Mayo, Dem 13,859
7050 Uinta 1459 712 94 4
Legislature. Senate.House. J.B.
37942'Utah 8203 5202 410 11
8920 Wasatch 881 818 14 —
1749 Wavne 393 223 9 —
State Officers. (All republicans.)
35179 Weber 8139 4704 368 46
Total 84025 54136 4460 149
Treasurer— Walter F. Scott.
Secretary of State— Harry A. Black.
Auditor— Benjamin Gates.
VIRGINIA (Population, 1916, 2,192,019).
Counties. ,-Pres. 1916-^—Pres. 1912-—,
Population (100) Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Prog.
to 1910. Wll«on. Hughei. Wilson. Taft. RooMrtlt
36650 Accomac 1745 299 1825 153 110
Plurality 29889
Per cent 58.84 37.92 3.12 .10
Total vote 142770
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 42.100
votes; Wilson, Dem.. 36,579; Roosevelt, Prog.,
24,174; Debs, Soc.. 9,027.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
' 1. Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Duchesne,
Emery, Grand, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Kane,
Millard. Morgan, Piute, Rich, San Juan, San-
pete, Sevier, Summit, Uinta, Wasatch, Wash-
fnEton, Wayne and Weber.
29871 Albemarle 1376 223. 1215 144 126
15329 Alexandria city. 1038 364. 951 132 104
10231 Alexandria 515 412. 346 86 153
14173 Alleghany 544 432 394 125 263
8720 Amelia 403 80 325 32 50
18932 Amherst 1142 93. 765 64 60
Wattis, Rep '. 20,478
S904 Appomattox ... -700 133. 654 28 51
2. Davis, Salt Lake. Tooele and Utah.
James H. Mays, Dem.-Prog 23,930
Spry, Rep 16. 134
6538 Bath 387 219. 329 159 39
29549 Bedford 1628 298. 1219 142 343
5154 Bland 356 420. 289 206 lia
Kempton, Soc 721
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Dem -Prog 16 44 60
17727 Botetourt 900 775.. 889 517 191
6247 Bristol city 489 184. 405 86 64
19244 Brunswick 772 82. 643 67 43
Republicans 4 — 4
15204 Buckingham ... 625 181. 603 97 110
3245 Buena Vista city 158 92. 155 43 48
23043 Campbell 1007 185 810 97 126
Socialist — 1 1
State Officers.
Governor — Simon Bamberger, Dem.
Secretary of State — Hardin Bennion, Dem.
Treasurer — Daniel O. Larson. Dem.
Attorney-General— Dan B. Shields.
Auditor — Joseph Ririe.
VERMONT (Population, 1916, 363,699).
Counties. , President 1916 — >
Population (14) Rep. Dem. Pro. Soc.
to 1910. HugW Wl!«on. Hanly.Btnaon
20010 Addison 2765 874 53 11
16596 Caroline 637 198 C90 144 126
21116 Carroll 858 1424 765 874 346
5253 Charles City... 139 57. 121 37 23
15785 Charlotte 856 227. 609 175 123
6765 Charlo'sville city 618 117. 454 39 24
21X99 Chesterfield ... 699 141. 702 61 75
7468 Clarke 590 49 576 39 14
574S Clifton Forge city 455 104. 293 63 61
4711 Craig 369 200 337 62 150
13472 Culpeper 849 184 752 108 49
9195 Cumberland .. 446 73. 362 10 31
19020 Danville city... 1151 229. 1066 93 79
9199 Dickenson 650 753. 529 398 157
15442 ninwiddlp K09 en Kit KB 7C
21378 Bennington 2602 1590 33 83
26031 Caledonia . .. 3024 1887 68 24
320
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Population. Wilson.
21225 Elizabeth City.. 411
9105 Essex 302
20536 Fairfax 1179
22526 Fauquier 1204
14092 Floyd 472
8323 Fluvanna 513
26480 Franklin 1481
12787 Frederick 1194
5874 Fred'ksburg city 380
11623 Giles 839
12477 Gloucester 582
9237 Goochland 413
19856 Grayson 967
6937 Greene 221
11890 Greenesville ... 392
40044 Halifax 1781
Hampton city.. 350
17200 Hanover 760
Harrisonb'g city 346
23437 Henrico 690
18459 Henry 851
5317 Highland 370
Hopewell city.. 24
14929 Isle of Wight.. 679
3624 James City 127
6378 King George 223
9576 King and Queen 271
8547 King William.. 342
9752 Lancaster 461
23840 Lee .'... 1287
21167 Loudoun 1490
16578 Louisa 710
12780 Lunenburg 814
29494 Lynchburg city. 1465
10055 Madison 572
9715 Manchester city —
8922 Mathews 549
28956 Mecklenburg ... 1317
8852 Middlesex 373
17268 Montgomery ... 765
26886 Nansemond .... 663
16821 Nelson 1063
4682 New Kent 192
20205 Newport News city 939
67452 Norfolk city.... 3234
62744 Norfolk county. 1612
16672 Northampton .. 802
10777 Northumberland 503
13462 Nottoway 608
13486 Orange 608
14147. Page 842
17195 Patrick 872
24127 Petersburg city 1135
50709 PittsylTania ... 2012
33190 Portsmouth city 1368
6099 Powhatan 233
14266 Prince Edward. 668
7848 Prince George.. 258
11526 Princess Anne.. 515
12026 Prince William. 754
17246 Pulaski 1057
4202 Radford city.... 206
8044 Rappahannock . 401
127628 Richmond city.. 6987
7415 Richmond c'nty 329
34874 Roanoke city... 2246
19623 Roanoke county 850
21171 Rockbridge .... 1049
34903 Rockingham ... 1650
23474 Russell 1570
23814 Scott 1319
20942 Shenandoah 1440
20326 Smy tli 1134
26302 Southampton .. 1045
9935 Spottsylvania .. 398
8070 Stafford 444
10604 Staunton city.. 511
Suffolk city 437
9715 Surrey 430
13664 Sussex 486
24946 Tazewell 1108
Hughes. Wilson.
132.. 347
77.. 278
472.. 992
367.. 1187
893.. 409
81.. 409
1094.. 1238
366.. 922
173.. 414
596.. 725
142.. 510
193.. 322
1244.. 842
.239.. 238
76.. 294
493.. 1260
56.. 353
102.. 609
319.. —
140.. 952
567.. 707
310.. 313
3.. —
140.. 708
34.. 128
217.. 256
127.. 246
119.. 305
58.. 479
1569.. 1023
404.. 1386
263.. 578
110.. 508
353.. 1487
348.. 402
90 !! 523
222.. 1039
155.. 374
891..
70..
249..
69..
465.. 938
963.. 3539
684.. 1089
109.. 726
111.. 470
91.. 683
153.. 619
613.. 703
815.. 698
161.. 1122
801.. 1558
376.. 1529
8589 Warren
6041 Warwick
32830 Washington . . .
9313 Westmoreland .
2714 Willi'sburg city
583
97
1863
338
97
Taft.RwMTelt
43 56
72 11
187 150
182 87
222 712
53 58
415 601
181 112
51 100
267 247
684
544
160
112..
108..
72..
67..
192..
721..
115..
230
584
204
422
814
781
185
84.. 356
1210.. 5632
ISO.. S42
610.. 1913
460.. 696
601.. 949
1322.. 1761
1410.. 1298
1743.. 1311
1425.. 1336
1321.. 1022
128.. 861
249.. 390
422.. 347
311..
158..
90..
96..
1591 . .
214..
632
480
360
435
979
571
53.. 123
1717.. 1721
126.. 341
21.. 113
74
114
69
45
191
128
53
163
30
102
72
S7
64
109
72
42
40
82
832 290
141 95
31 72
426 127
13 31
87 4
93 105
216 369
221 84
75 101
10 15
48 103
68 48
63
16
699 677
256 87
91 141
66 50
111 218
210 63
349 531
100 231
195 451
422 .215
83 76
340 138
434 350
75 44
527 321
196 484
36 95
94 9
405 483
110 40
268 502
108 191
433 212
937 421
588 623
557 1075
706 493
609 578
95 49
58 158
141 183
65 287
71
57
59
586
122
17
590 996
69 43
11 14
Population Wilson Hughes. Wilson. Taft. Roosevelt.
5864 Winchester city 468 196.. 447 141 63
34162 Wise 1468 1862.. 1279 851 573
20372 Wy the 1334 1370.. 1110 633 650
7757 York 247 51.. 211 34 26
Total 102824 49358.. 90332 23288 21777
Plurality 53466
Per cent 66.76 32.07.. 65.95 17.0015.89
Total vote 153994 .. 136976
For president in 1916, Benson, Soc., received
1.062 votes; Hanly, Pro., 683, and Reimer, Soci-
Lab., 67 For president in 1912, Debs, Soc., re-
ceived 820 votes; Chafin, Pro.. 709.
For United States Senator, 1918.
Thomas S. Martin, Dem 40,403
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. The counties of Accomac, Caroline, Elizabeth
City, Essex, Gloucester, Hampton. King and
Queen, Lancaster, Mathews. Middlesex, North-
ampton, Northumberland, Richmond, Spottsyl-
vania, Warwick, Westmoreland. York and
cities of Newport News and Fredericksburg.
S. O. Bland, Dem 4,835
2. The counties of Isle of Wight, Nansemond,
Norfolk, Princess Anne, Southampton and cities
of Norfolk, Portsmouth and Suffolk
Edward E. Holland. Dem 3,420
3. The counties of Charles City, Chesterfield,
Goochlaud, Hanover, Henrico, James City
King William, New Kent and cities of Rich-
mond and Williamsburg.'
Andrew J. Montague, Dem 3,073
4. The counties of Amelia. Brunswick, Dinwlddie,
Greenesville, Lunenburg. Mecklenburg, Notto-
way, Powhatan, Prince Edward, Prince George,
Surrey, Sussex and city of Petersburg.
Walter A. Watson, Dem 2,506
5. Counties of Carroll, Charlotte, Franklin,
Grayson, Halifax. Henry, Patrick, Pittsylvania
and the city of Danville.
E. W. Saunders, Dem 3,880
6. Counties of Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Mont-
gomery, Roanoke and the cities of Radford,
Roanoke and Lynchburg.
Carter Glass, Dem ^ 2,705
7. The counties of Albemarle, Clarke, Frederick,
Greene, Madison, Page, Rappahannock, Rocking-
ham, Shenandoah, Warren and the cities of
Charlottesville, Winchester and Harrisonburg.
Thomas W. Harrison, Dem 3.767
S. The counties of Alexandria, Culpeper, Fairfax,
Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Louisa, Or-
ange, Prince William. Stafford and the city of
Alexandria.
E. C. Carlin, Dem 4.511
9. The counties of Bland, Buchanan, Dickenson,
Giles, Lee, Pulaski, Russell, Scott, Smyth,
Tazewell. Washington, Wise, Wythe and the
ritv of Bristol.
C. Bascom Slemp, Rep 8,089
10. The counties of Alleghany, Amherst. Appo-
mattox, Augusta, Bath, Botetourt, Bucking-
ham, Craig, Cumberland, Fluvanna, Highland,
Nelson, Rockbridge and the cities of Buena
Vista. Stannton and Clifton Forge.
H. D. Flood, Dem 4,69}
Legislature.
Senate. House. J.B.
....36 88 121
....4 12 13
Democrats .
Republicans
Democratic majority 32 76
State Officers. (All democrats.)
Governor— Westmoreland Davis.
Lieutenant-Governor— B. F. Buchanan.
Attorney-General — John B. Saunders.
Secretary of Commonwealth — B. 0. James.
Treasurer— A. W. Harman, Jr.
Auditor — C. Lee Moore.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
321
WASHINGTON (Pop., 1916), 1,534,221).
Counties. ^-Prcs. 1916-^
(39) Rep. Dem.
.
in 1910. llughes. Wilso
10920 Adams ......................... 1235 1287
5831 Asotin .......................... 992 1125
7937 Benton .......................... 1411 1298
15104 Chelan .......................... 3004 2757
6755 Clallam ......................... 1455 1328
26115 Clarke ........................... 4413 3720
7042 Columbia ........................ 1144 1156
12561 Cowlitz ......................... 2107 1280
9227 Douglas ......................... 1124 1914
4800 Ferry ............................ 580 908
5153 Franklin ........................ 671 1105
4199 Garfield ......................... 843 722
8698 Grant ................. . .......... 1207 1555
Grays Harbor .................. 4987 4978
4704 Island ........................... 802 854
8337 Jefferson ....... ' ................. 1090 864
284638 King ............................ 38679 52246
17647 Kitsap ........................... 2630 3496
18561 Kittitas ......................... 2286 2595
10180 Klickitat ........ ' ............... 1352 1470
32127 Lewis ............................ 5161 4321
17539 Lincoln .......................... 2354 2816
5156 Mason ........................... 759 780
12887 Okanogan ....................... 1881 2882
12532 Pacific ........................ ... 2662 1539
Pend d'Oreille ................... 915 1081
120812 Pierce ............................ 16737 18942
3603 San Juan ......................... 586 665
29241 Skagit ........................... 4120 4927
2887 Skamania ............... '. ....... 484 453
59209 Snohomish ...................... 8598 8398
139404 Spokane ......................... 19475 21305
25297 Stevens ......................... 2677 3181
17581 Thurston ........................ 3209 2666
3285 Wahkiakum ..................... 489 340
31931 Walla Walla ..................... 4403 4421
49511 Whatcom ........................ 7597 5636
33?80 Whitman ........................ 4927 5866
41709 Yakima ......................... 7153 6116
Total .......................... 166399 182993
Plurality ........................ 26594
Per cent .......................... 44.74 49.19
Total vote ....................... 371936
For President in 1916 Hanly, Pro., received
6,868 votes ; Benson, Soc., received 22,544 votes,
and Chafln, Pro"., 9,810.
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. City of Seattle and Kitsap county.
John F. Miller. Rep ......................... 23.326
J. M. Hawthorne, Dem ...................... 20,488
Hulet M. Wells, Soc ......................... 2,333
2. Counties of Clallam, Island, Jefferson, King
(outside Seattle), San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish
and Whatcom.
Lindley H. Hadley, Rep .................... 19,797
Joseph A. Sloan, Dem ...................... 15,059
James M. Salter. Soc.. ............... . ---- 2,045
3. Counties of Clarke, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor,
Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, Skamania,
Thurston and Wahkiakum.
Albert Johnson. Rep ......................... 29,178
Theodore Moss. Dem ........................ 12,407
O. T. Clark, Soc ............................ 2,243
4. Covnties of Adams, Asotin, Bonton, Columbia,
Franklin. Garfleld. Grant, Kittitas, Klickitat,
Walla Walla, Whitman and Yakima.
John W. Summers, Rep .................... 17,439
William E. McCroskey, Dem .............. 13,335
Walter Price, Soc ........................... 776
5. Counties of Chelan, Douglas. Ferry, Lincoln,
Okanogan, Pend d'Oreille, Spokane and Stevens.
J. Stanley Webster. Rep .................... 22,426
C. C. Dill. Dem ............................ 20,061
Peter Harrison. Soc ................ . ........ 473
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans ....................... 39 87 126
Democrats ........................ 3 10 13
State Officers.
Governor— Ernest Lister. Dem.
Lieutenant-Governor — Louis F. Hart, Rep.
Secretary of State— I. M. Howell, Rep.
State Treasurer— W. W. Sherman, Rep.
Attorney-General— W. V. Tanner, Rep.
WEST VIRGINIA (Pop., 1916, 1,386,038) .
Counties. ^-President 1916.->
Population (55) Dem. Rep. Soc.
ill 1U10 Wilton. Hughes. Benson
15858 Barbour 1848 2083 57
21999 Berkeley 2938 2802 86
10331 Boone 1397 1504 105
23023 Braxton 2957 2332 9
11098 Brooke 1261 1422 120
46685 Cabell 6446 5728 229
11258 Calhoun 1317 936 13
10238 Clay 1047 1021 26
12672 Doddridge 1061 1863 41
51903 Fayette 5377 5511 361
11379 Gilmer 1695 943 9
7838 Grant 391 1438 5
24833 Greenbrier 3170 2601 86
11694 Hampshire 2181 745 10
10465 Hancock 891 1434 117
9163 Hardy 1425 701 6
48381 Harrison 5970 6262 584
20956 Jackson 2032 2474 29
15889 Jefferson 2544 1181 44
81457 Kanawha 10276 10096 598
18281 Lewis 2248 2263 102
20491 Lincoln 2113 2104 59
14476 Logan 3270 2107 62
42794 Marion 5493 4443 443
32388 Marshall 2997 3699 229
23019 Mason 2336 2454 101
38371 Mercer 4836 4788 55
16674 Mineral 1747 1965 79
19431 Mingo :.... 2472 2223 10
24334 Monongalia 2227 3412 297
13055 Monroe 1609 1584 8
7848 Morgan 666 1208 30
47856 McDowell , 3692 7086 26
17699 Nicholas 2467 2056 69
57572 Ohio 6074 7349 509
9349 Pendleton 1276 888 9
8074 Pleasants 899 876 7
14740 Pocahontas 1849 1550 53
26341 Preston 1694 3838 105
18587 Putnam 1837 1925 131
25633 Raleigh 3319 3791 151
26028 Randolph 3024 2165 253
17875 Ritchie 1657 2225 89
21543 Roane 2186 2406 38
18420 Summers 2389 1781 24
16554 Taylor 1672 2002 87
18675 Tucker 1388 1531 158
16211 Tyler 1336 1900 68
16629 TJpshur 1019 2553 68
24081 Wayne 2989 2215 43
9680 Webster 1513 854 14
23855 Wetzel 2797 1910 77
9047 Wirt 1072 951 12
38001 Wood 4817 4521 142
10392 Wyoming 1199 1484 7
Total 140403 143124 6150
Plurality 2721
Per cent 48.46 49.44 2.10
Total vote 289677
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
113.046 votes ; Roosevelt, Prog., 78,977; Taft.
Rep., 56.667; Debs, Soc., 15,336 and Chafin,
Pro.. 4.534.
For United States Senator, 1916.
Howard Sutherland, Rep 144,243
W. B. Chilton, Dem 138.585
For Representatives in Congress, 1916.
1. Counties of Hancock. Brooke, Ohio, Marshall,
Wetzel, Marion and Taylor.
Thomas W. Fleming, Rep 21,574
M. M. Neely, Dem 22,138
2. Counties of Monongalia, Preston, Barbour,
Randolph, Tucker. Pendleton, Grant, Hardy,
Mineral, Hampshire, Morgan, Berkeley and
Jefferson.
George M. Bowers, Rep 24.055
Samuel V. Woods, Dem 23,195
3. Counties of Ritchie. Doddridge, Harrison.
322
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Callioun. Gilmer, Lewis, Upshur,
Nicholas and Webster.
Stuart F. Reed. Rep
Braxton, Clay, 6. Counties of Kanawha, Boone, Raleigh,
ette, Greenbrier and Pocahontas.
23,442 Martin V Godbey Rep
Fay-
24.415
25.96S
J.B.
62
62
Fleming N. Alderson, Dem
9.2 7fi2 Adam R- T,ittlpnnc'A_ T>pm . . .
4. Counties of Tyler, Pleasants, Wood, Wirt, Legislature Senate.House
Jackson, Roane, Mason, Putnam and Cabell. T?or>nhiif.nn« ->n v>
T. A. Null, Dem 22.855 1 S!puJ?lc?f8 7?
Harry C. Woodyard, Rep
5. Counties of Wayne, Lincoln,
McDowell, Wyoming, Mercer,
Monroe.
George R. C. Wiles, Dem
23.139 *
Mingo, Logan, Stat
Summers and Governor_A. H. j^
23 859 Secretary— Houston G
e Officers.
rts. Dem.
olf Young, Rep.
Johnson, Rep.
Edward Cooper, Rep
25,563 Treasurer — William S
WISCO
Counties.
Population (71)
ii I'.'l'..
8604 Adams . .
NSIN (Population, 1916, 2,500,350).
Dem. Kep. Soc. Pro.
Wilson. Hughes. Benson. JUnlj
824 957 48 42.
Dem. Rep. Soc.
K»r«l. Philipp. Arnenug.
219 451 32
1123 1384 182
830 1170 97
325 863 165
3691 2738 342
490 865 34
228 743 103
1526 1027 38
1990 1881 43
1080 1787 83
1491 2361 48
1303 1110 25
5178 3537 144
4104 3044 67
726 1271 24
2240 2474 563
389 1044 134
1291 1602 138
70 347 13
4061 3208 130
237 689 25
1753 2470 42
861 1511 76
903 1155 31
1227 1621 9
177 672 41
569 1117 37
2728 2385 76
901 1549 35
2351 2460 296
1865 833 12
2112 2454 127
1339 1602 15
1329 1189 54
983 1528 123
3779 2604 556
3377 3642 405
1211 2250 156
601 1001 8
19852 22267 17588
995 1638 50
1350 1752 79
547 923 106
3233 3317 105
1585 751 44
429 398 29
332 841 43
295 798 116
1933 1736 41
419 896 207
2731 2862 395
649 1040 45
2186 3856 227
320 737 76
1464 1679 111
1073 2063 30
281 460 19
876 1810 80
3451 4029 786
732 845 127
825 1034 16
554 1429 26
262 254 84
1284 2011 48
297 793 61
2060 2007 76
2421 2964 128
898 2703 129
Ind*
Blain»
206
215
324
266
153
293
182
63
235
341
797
466
4131
331
88
332
414
663
43
676
69
911
604
147
519
25
221
383
347
208
93
1231
431
174
196
90
375
179
159
2970
489
140
202
680
62
76
338
308
423
116
558
853
1236
206
285
577
56
467
523
176
667
621
40
377
64
93
737
651
21965 Ashland .. .
.. .. 1582 1998 187 78.
29114 Barren
1863 2746 138 250.
15987 Bayfield
996 1320 226 41.
54098 Brown
5771 4132 220 201.
16006 Buffalo
1043 1492 65 39.
9026 Burnett
638 1007 169 52.
16701 Calumet ....
1382 1979 76 24 .
32103 Chippewa
2233 3324 71 88
30074 Clark
1614 3371 130 84.
31129 Columbia
2299 3395 82 126.
16288 Crawford
1764 1883 34 38.
77435 Dane .
. 9859 6931 192 291
47436 Dodge
4519 4887 112 128.
18711 Door
1204 1656 39 45.
47422 Douglas
2940 3007 801 154.
25260 Dunn
1447 2556 171 83 .
32721 Eau Claire
2290 2922 187 114.
3381 Florence
162 412 9 11.
51610 Fond du Lac
5021 5781 128 154.
6782 Forest
637 738 17 22.
39007 Grant
3459 4718 72 133 .
21641 Green
1687 2422 66 168.
15491 Green Lake
1352 1647 34 47
2230 2271 20 135.
475 672 43 40
963 1866 50 29
3645 3785 86 120
1442 2292 109 65
2816 3537 501 86
2011 1104 17 16.
4123 3597 278 108
20075 Lafayette
2059 2544 19 83
1755 1538 81 37
19064 Lincoln
1282 2189 100 36
4338 4224 459 70
3677 5838 607 95.
33812 Marine tte
2205 2767 145 92.
10741 Marquctte
923 1377 15 29
34812 27831 16943 425 .
1991 3013 123 106
25657 Ocon to
1892 2570 70 40
11433 Oneida .
1054 1089 254 13
4442 5302 164 101
17123 Ozaukee
1577 1610 51 20
7577 Pepln
622 766 25 26.
22079 Pierce
1650 1945 73 81
21367 Polk
1713 2080 196 74
3000 2520 71 69
13795 Price
1049 1620 147 57
57424 Racine
5081 4495 606 455
18809 Richland
1845 2051 89 239
55533 Rock ..
; 4015 7011 224 227
11160 Rusk
926 989 115 48.
25910 St Croix
2352 2731 178 84
32869 Sauk
2257 3779 43 255
6227 Sawyer
^. 562 550 52 17.
31884 Shawano
1367 3415 131 57.
b4888 Sheboygan
*3885 5562 983 85
13641 Taylor .
845 1544 135 40
22928 Trempealeau .
1578 2138 29 70
28116 Vernon
1830 2912 49 175.
6019 Vilas
467 531 82 16
29614 Walworth
2440 3988 58 199
8196 Washburn
644 938 78 34.
237K4 Washington
2732 2892 76 49
37100 Waukesha
4192 3768 151 224.
32782 Waupaca .
,. 1790 4492 99 120.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
323
Population Wllajn
18886 Waushara 1015
62116 Winnebago 5242
30583 Wood 2625
Militia vote 1090
Total 193042
Plurality
Per cent 42.96
Total vote
For president in 1912 Wilson, Dem., received
164,228 votes; Chafin, Pro., 8,f>86 ; Taft, Rep., 130,-
695; Debs, Soc., 33,481; Roosevelt, Prog., 62,460;
Reimer, Soc. -Lab., 522.
For United States Senator, 1918.
April 2, to fill vacancy.
Irvine L. Lenroot, Rep 163,983
Joseph B. Davies, Dem 148,923
Victor Berger, Soc 110,487
A. 3. Benjamin, Pro 233
For Representatives in Congress, 1918.
1. Counties of Kenosha. Racine, Rock. Walworth
and Waukesha.
Calvin Stewart, Dem 6,295
Clifford B. Randall, Rep 11.418
Samuel B. Walkup, Soc 3.197
Henry Allen Cooper. Ind 10,245
2. Counties of Columbia. Dodge, Jefferson, Ozau-
kee. Slieboygan and Washington.
John Clifford, Dem 12.532
Edward E. Voigt, Rep 15,289
Oscar Ameringer, Soc 6,936
3. Counties of Crawford. Dane, Grant. Green.
Iowa. Lafayette and Richland. *
James 'G. Monahan, Rep 18,398
Ernest N. Warner, Ind 4,397
Edward J. Reynolds. Ind 2,232
4. The 3d. 4th. 5th. 8th, llth, 12th. 14th, 16th, 17th.
23d and 24th wards of the city of Milwaukee,
towns of Wauwatosa. Greenfield, Franklin, Oak
Creek and Lake: village of West Milwaukee
and cities of West Allis. South Milwaukee,
Cudahy and Wauwatosa, all in Milwaukee
county.
John G. Kleczka, Rep 16,524
Edmund Melins, Soc 11,890
B. The 1st, 2d, 6th, 7th, 9th. 10th. 13th, 15th.
18th. 19th. 20th. 21st. 22d and 25th wards of
the city of Milwaukee ; towns of Granville and
Milwaukee, and villages of North Milwaukee,
East Milwaukee and Whitefish Bay.
Hugh B.
2345
5923
2954
1087
Bunion.
78
406
200
19
Unly.
46..
160..
227
3407
1883
Phi'ipp.
1117
4205
1933
tmering. lilline.
53 390
291 1334
193 364
25917 325(10
j jfi > i .MIL waun.tr*; <i mi vv in ICAIQII jjujr .
Joseph P. Carney, Dem t?,460
William H. Stafford, Rep 10,678
Victor L. Berger, Soc 17,920
6. Counties of Calumet. Fond du Lac. Green
Lake. Manitowoc, Marquette and Winnebago.
To fill vacancy—
Bondeul A. Husting. Dem 10,621
Florian Lampert, Rep 12.363
G. H. Thompson, Soc 7,009
General election—
Bondeul A. Husting, Dem 10,856
Byron E. Van Keuren, Pro 318
Florian Lampert, Rep 12.728
G. H. Thompson. Soc 6,737
7. Counties of Adams, Clark, Jackson, Juneau,
LaOrosse, Monroe. Sauk and Vernon.
Arthur A. Bentley, Dem 6.109
Oliver Needham, Pro 501
John J. Each, Rep 16,140
8. Counties of Marathon. Portage. Shawano,
Wanpaca. Waushara and Wood.
John W. Brown. Dem 6.862
Edward E. Browne, Rep 13.755
Leo Krzycki, Soc 5.904
9. Counties of Brown. Door. Florence, Forest,
Kewaunee, Langlade, Murinette, Oconto and
Outagamie.
Andrew R. McDonald, Dem 10,702
David G. Classon, Rep 16,352
10. Counties of Barron. Buffalo, Chippewa, Dunn,
Eau Claire, Pepin, Pierce. St. Croli and Trem-
pealeau.
James A. Frear, Rep 16,900
Williaw H. Frawley, Ind 1.814
140787
21278
43.26 7.96
325430
Bnyfield, Burnett.
10.01
221323 27SU2 7166.. 119509
28281
49.26 6.19 1.59.. 36.72
449333
11. Counties of Ashland,
Douglas, Iron. Lincoln, Oneida, Polk Price
Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas and Washburn.
To fill vacancy—
Adolphus P. Nelson, Rep 15,769
J. P. Jensen, Soc 168
General election —
Adolphus P. Nelson, Rep 16,418
John P. Jenson, Soc 2,976
Leaislature. Scnate.House. J.B.
Republicans 27 77 104
Democrats 2 5 7
Socialists '.. 4 17 21
State Officers. (All republicans.)
Governor— Emaauel L. Philipp.
Lieutenant-Governor—Edward F. Dithmar
Secretary of State— Merlin Hull.
State Treasurer— Henry Johnson.
Attorney-General—John J. Blaine.
Superintendent of Schools— Charles P. Cary.
WYOMING (Population, 1916. 184,1818).
Counties. , President 1916 ,,
(21) Rep. Dem. Soc. Pro.
Hughei. Wilson. Benson. Hani;
11574 Albany 1313 1571 73
8886 Big Horn 1239 1493 29 8
Campbell 448 690 12 10
11282 Carbon ..1217 1661 155 10
6294 Converse 766 879 20 15
6492 Crook 848 1181 51 9
11822 Fremont 1407 1752 75 17
Goshen 770 1096 49 21
Hot Springs., 523 760 95 23
3453 Johnson 814 812 28 2
26127 Laramie 2428 2759 78 55
Lincoln 1426 2378 142 10
4766 Natrona 912 1377 30 8
Niobrura 533 599 14 22
4909 Park 1092 1146 69 22
Platte 806 1276 62 53
16324 Sheridan 1914 2906 205 23
11575 Sweetwater 1287 1496 152 4
16982 Uinta 822 1295 51 6
Wasliakie 344 455 16 3
Weston 791 734 47 14
Total 21698 28316 1453 373
Plurality 6618
Per cent 41.66 54.62 2.8 .72
Total vote 51840
For president in 1912 Taft, Rep., received 14,560
votes; Wilson, Dem., 15.310; Roosevelt, Prog..
9,232, and Debs, Soc., 2,760.
For United States Senator. 1918.
Francis E. Warren. Rep 23.975
John E. Osborne, Dem 17,528
For Representative in Congress, 1918.
Frank W. Mondell, Rep 26.244
Hayden M. White, Dem 14.639
For Governor, 1918.
Robert D. Carey, Rep 23,725
Frank L. Hour. Dem 18,640
Legislature. Senate. House. J.B.
Republicans 17 43 60
Democrats 10 11 21
State Officers.
Governor— Robert D. Carey, Rep.
Secretary of State— W. E. Chaplin, Rep.
Treasurer— A. D. Hosklns, Rep.
Auditor— I. C. Jefferis. Rep.
Supt. Public Instruction— Katherine Morton, Rep.
Attorney-General— D. A. Preston, Dem.
»24
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
POTASH PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES.
At the direction of the president, the chem-
icals division of the war industries board in
December. 1918, turned over to the depart-
ment of the interior the problem of increas-
ing- the pptash production of the United
States. This action was taken in order that
an established branch of the government may
permanently set itself to the task of eman-
cipating' the American farmer from the grip
of Germany's monppoly on the world's supply
of fertilizer material.
Before the signing of the armistice the war
industries board had already attacked the
problem. Chairman Baruch himself had ap-
peared before a congressional committee in
behalf of an amendment to the revenue bill
which would give encouragement to private
industries which would undertake the risk of
establishing- potash production in this coun-
try. The chemicals division, on the other
hand, in co-operation with other departments
of the government, had turned its attention
to the specific task of extracting1 potash from
waste products. A committee of experts, rep-
resenting- the steel and iron industry of the
country and certain scientific departments of
the government, was in process of formation,
under the auspices of the chemicals division,
at the time hostilities ceased. Its purpose
was to determine as quickly as possible the
feasibility, from a commercial standpoint, of
extracting- potash from the fumes of blast
furnaces.
Prior to the outbreak of the war. Germany,
by reason of her monopoly of the potash sup-
ply, had gradually extended her arm around
the food crops of the world. It was to Ger-
many that the farmers of this and other
countries had to look for the principal in-
gredients of their fertilizers. Nowhere else
were to be found the vast potash deposits,
contained in rock salt, which insured to the
German potash exporters a natural supply
sufficient to meet the demands of the world
lor several thousands of years to come.
When the outbreak of the European war
suddenly cut off this supply the situation of
the American farmer was for a time des-
perate. Under the stimulus of necessity, ef-
forts were launched by private industries to
meet the situation, and in consequence there
has been a considerable development in the
amount of potash produced in this country.
By no means, however, has this development
approached the requirements of the country.
Before the war the American imports of purs
potash from Germany for the year ending-
July, 1914, amounted approximately to 250,-
000 tons. In 1917 there were produced in
the United States 32.000 tons, and in 1918
it was estimated that the output would
amount to about 60,000 tons.
The war industries board undertook to ap-
proach the problem in a larger way. and it' is
proposed by arrangement between the chem-
icals division and the department of the in-
terior for the program to be carried forward
by the latter department.
The suggestion of extracting- potash from
blast furnace fumes is based on the fact that
potash in varying- quantities is found not
only in the iron ores but in the coke and
lime used in reducing- the ores. In Alabama
the ores are particularly rich in potash. At
present this potash is allowed to escape dur-
ing- the processes of the blast furnaces. Di-
vided into microscopic particles of dust it is
volatilized and carried
fumes.
off with the waste
Several methods of saving- this potash have
been sugg-ested by scientists. Of these the
most feasible appears to be the electric pre-
cipitation process devised by Dr. Fred U.
Cottrell of the bureau of mines. This in-
volves cooling1 the g-ases as they emerge from
the blast furnaces and passing- them throug-h
a series of sheet-steel tubes eight to twelve
inches in diameter. Through the center of
these tubes is run a wire, or chain, carrying-
a high-voltage charge of static electricity.
This electric charge tends to electrify the fine
particles of potash dust, causing- them to con-
solidate or "colonize" and drop down the
sides 9f the tubes. A fair-sized installation
for this process requires as many as 400 of
these -tubes through which to pass the gases.
It is this process which the Bethlehem Steel
company has experimented with on
scale.
Another method tried out involves
small
the
spraying of the gas fumes with water and
passing them through moist bags, which re-
tain the potash. This method has been tried
out in extracting potash from the fumes given
off in the manufacture of cement. Its first
practical application took place when a ce-
ment plant located near Bedlands. Cal., under-
took, in response to neighborhood protests, to
cut down the volume of fumes emitted from
its chimneys. Other cement plants have tried
it out, and in the east the Security Cement
and Lime company at Hagerstown, Md., has
been foremost in the recovery of potash from
cement dust. Cement mixture contains pot-
ash in proportions varying from 1 per cent to
1% per cent. When calcining cement clinkers
the addition of salt to the coal that is burned
in the kiln renders the potash soluble in water.
At a conference of experts held in the of-
fice of C. H. MacDowell. director of the
chemicals division of the war industries
board, the opinion prevailed that it would be
entirely feasible to develop commercially a
method of extracting the pptash from blast
furnace fumes, particularly in regions where
the blast furnaces are located near ores in
which potash occurs in quantities sufficient to
insure substantial recoveries. The problem
presents many technical difficulties, since care
must be taken in developing a by-product
process not to interfere with the primary out-
put.
The potash deposits in Germany resulted
from the crystallization of sea water. In all
of the 202 mines in that country, the potash
is found in water-soluble form and for cer-
tain purposes can be used just as it conies
from the mines without further refining. At
Searles Lake, Cal.. potash in this water-
soluble form has been found in small quan-
tities, and two factories have been established
there to extract it. In Nebraska it has been
possible to recover potash in fair quantities
from certain alkali lakes located in that
state. In Utah Mr. MacDowell himself estab-
lished a plant at which pure potash is recov-
ered from alunite.
Elsewhere experiments have been made in
recovering potash from certain by-products
such as beet-root molasses and wool scour-
ings. Other sources of supply being studied
are the potash shales of Alabama and Geor-
gia, the green sands of New Jersey and the
leucite deposits of Wyoming. There js, in
fact, a considerable development now under
way in the production of potash from leucite:
and production likewise has been undertaken
in Utah from certain brines contained in salt
deposits west of Salt Lake City.
Unquestionably it is going to cost much,
more to produce potash in Germany and Al-
sace. War t ,xes, high food costs and other
fundamentals will bring this about so that it
will be a long time before European potash
is brought to this country at the low cost
prevailing before 1914.
SHORTAGE IN WORLD'S SUPPLY OF FATS.
In support of its policy to keep farmers ot
the United States fully informed of world food
conditions and probable needs for certain com-
modities the United States food administration
in December, 1918, completed a summary e*
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
325
unusual importance to producers. The world
balance sheet of food products showed a short-
age of 3,000.000.000 pounds of fats and
3,000.000 tons of higrh protein feeds. Among1
fats were included pork products, dairy prod-
ucts, and vegetable oils.
Commodities of which there were sufficient
supplies, if used with economy, were wheat,
rye. beans, peas, rice, and feeds other than
those higrh in protein. Sufficient beef was in
eight to load all refrigerating ships to capacity.
There was enough sugar lor our normal con-
sumption if other nations retained their pres-
ent short rations. If they increased their ra-
tions, there would be a shortage. Coffee was
the only common food commpdity of which
there was a world surplus. With the possibls
exception of high protein feeds, the United
States had sufficient food and feed for its own
people, but to fulfill its pledge of 20,000,000
PRESIDENT WILSON'S APPEAL
President Wilson issued the following appeal
to the voters of the United States Oct. 25.
1918:
"My Fellow Countrymen: The congressional
elections are at hand. They occur in the most
critical period our country has ever faced or
is likely to face in our time. If you have ap-
proved of my leadership and wish me to con-
tinue to be your unembarrassed spokesman in
affairs at home and abroad, I earnestly beg-
that you will express yourselves unmistakably
to that effect by returning1 a democratic ma-
jority to both the senate and house of rep-
resentatives.
"I am your servant and will accept your
judgment without cavil, but my power to ad-
minister the great trust assigned me by the
constitution would be seriously impaired
should your judgment be adverse, and I must
frankly tell you so, because so many critical
issues depend upon your verdict. No scruple
of taste must in grim times like these be al-
lowed to stand in the way of speaking the
plain truth.
"I have no thought of suggesting that any
political party is paramount in matters of
patriotism. I feel too deeply the sacrifices
which have been made in this war by all our
citizens irrespective of party affiliations to
harbor such an idea. I mean only that the
difficulties and delicacies of our present task
are of a sort that makes it imperatively
necessary that the nation should give its un-
divided support to the government under a
unified leadership and that a republican con-
gress would divide the leadership.
"The leaders of the minority in the present
congress have unquestionably been pro-war,
but they have been anti-administration. At
almost every turn since we entered the war
they have sought to take the choice of pol-
icy and the conduct of the war out of my
hands and put it under the control of instru-
mentalities of their own choosing.
"This is no time either for divided council
or for divided leadership. Unity of command
is as necessary now in civil action as it is
upon the field of battle. If the control of
tons to Europe by July 1, 1919, there must
be continued conservation and avoidance of
waste.
The world shortage of fats was explained by
Mr. Hoover as 'due primarily to the fact that
Europe has been steadily underfeeding its
dairy herd, has made steady inroads into its
herd of hogs during the war. and to tHe facts *
that there has been a great degeneration in the
production of vegetable oils in certain regions
owing1 to the inability to secure shipping."
According' to food administration calculations,
even with all our supplies and best efforts, the
world will be far deficient in its normal
amounts of fats for two or three years at
least. The future of the American producer
who is equipped for general farming1 seems to
lie in liberal crops of meat products and home-
grown feeds with which to grow live stock
economically.
FOR A DEMOCRATIC CONGRESS.
the house and senate should be taken away
from the party now in power an opposing
majority could assume control of legislation
and oblige all action to be taken amidst con-
test and obstruction.
"The return of a republican majority to
either house of the congress would moreover
be interpreted on the other side of the
water as a repudiation of my leadership.
Spokesmen of the republican party are urg-
ing you to elect a republican congress in order
to back UP and support the president, but
even if they should in this impose upon some
credulous voters on this side of the water
they would impose on no one on the other
side. It is well understood there as well as
here that the republican leaders desire not so
much to support the president as to control
him.
"The peoples of the allied countries with
whom we are associated against Germany are
quite familiar with the significance of elec-
tions. They would find it very difficult to be-
lieve that the voters of the United States had
chosen to support their president by electing-
to the congress a majority controlled by those
who are not in fact in sympathy with the
attitude and action of the administration.
"I need not tell you, my fellow countrymen,
that I am asking your support not for my
own sake or for the sake of a political party,
but for the sake of the nation itself in order
that its inward unity of purpose may be evi-
dent to all the world. In ordinary times I
would not feel at liberty to make such an
appeal to you. In ordinary times divided
councils can be endured without permanent
hurt to the country. But these are not ordi-
nary times.
"If in these critical days it is your wish
to sustain me with undivided minds I beg
that you will say so in a way which it
will not be possible to misunderstand either
here at home or among our associates on the
other side of the sea. I submit my difficul-
ties and my hopes to you.
"WOODROW WILSON."
FOUND EMPLOYMENT FOR MILLIONS.
From its reorganization in Januiry until
the end of October. 19J'8. the United States
employment service directed to employment,
almost entirely in war industry, approxi-
mately 2,500.000 workers. It also increased
its local employment offices from ninety to
900 in the same period. These figures repre-
sent an increase of about l.OOG per cent in
both labor-finding activities and in the estab-
lishment of local employment offices.
The steady rate at which the service has
grown in extent, and accomplishment is ii>-
dicated by the fact that in January 62.642
persons were sent to jobs, while in October
547,826 were directed to employment. Fur-
thermore, during the week ending Nov. 2,
the last week but one of war conditions.
162,754 workers were directed — a rate of
650,000 a month.
Returns made by employers and workers
show that approximately 2,000,000 of the
2.500,000 workers directed were placed. It
is impossible to know how many of the re-
mainder were placed, owing to the failure of
some employers and workers to notify the
service of the acceptance of workers or jobs.
These totals are proof that the employ-
ment service has made good. For at the out-
set of the reorganization it was" estimated
that the war industries of the country would
require between 2,000.000 and 3.000.000
workers up to the end of 1918.
326.
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
HAWAIIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY A3IERICANIZED.
The following- report was issued from the
alien properly custodian's office in Washing-
ton. D. C., in November, 1918:
The powerful German hold on the sugra.'
industry of the Hawaiian islands has been
crushed. The control ol Hawaii's most im-
portant industry has been restored to its peo-
ple. This is the effect of the announcement
of A. Mitchell Palmer, alien property cus-
todian, that he had completed the American-
ization of the H. Hackfeld Co.. the great
German owned corporation which for years
has played so important a part in the sugar
situation of the Hawaiian islands. In 1917
plantations controlled by this German com-
pany produced 140.000 tons of cane sugar.
Mr. Palmer Americanized this German con-
cern by organizing1 a new company, known as
the American Factors (Ltd.), and selling- the
entire assets and business of the German
Hackfeld Co. to the American company,
•whose stockholders are all loyal American
citizens, most of them residents of the Ha-
waiian islands. As a result 640 American
residents of Hawaii have become stockholdr-rs
in the new corporation, which has a capital-
ization of 87,500.000, because the assets of
the H. Hackfeld Co. were valued at that
amount.
The Americanization of the H. Hackfeld
Co. is one of the most important and most
interesting of the steps taken by the alien
property custodian to crush for all time the
German control of America's most important
industries. This concern was one of the im-
portant links in this control, and was the
center of pro-German propaganda in the Pa-
cific.
The H. Hackfeld Co. was capitalized at
$4,000,000. It had undivided profits and re-
serves amounting to S3. 924,933. In 1917
the net earnings of the corporation were
$1.661.624. Some of the companies which it
controlled were: Oahu Sugar Co. (Ltd.),
Pioneer Mill Co. (Ltd.), Lihue Plantation Co.
(Ltd.) , Kakaha Sugar Co. (Ltd.) , Makee Sugar
Co., Koloa Sugar Co., Grove Farm Planta-
tion, Waimea Sugar Mill Co., The Kipahulu
Sugar Co., and Pacific Guano and Fertilizer
Co. (Ltd.).
The American Factors (Ltd.) has a capital
of 50.000 shares at a par value of $150, or
$7,500.000. In comparison with the old cap-
ital stock of $4,000,000 this would make the
new shares as of a value of about 187% : in
other words, the stockholders of the H. Hack-
feld Co. are securing for themselves 7% per
cent more than was stated by the company
when under German management to be their
true worth or value.
The shares in the American Factors (Ltd.)
were offered to the public, and no one in-
dividual was allowed to buy more than 500
shares. Corporations or groups of persons,
including families of not less than five, were
permitted to subscribe to a maximum amount
of 2.500 shares: the amounts of these sub-
scriptions were subject to a reduction, the
smallest subscribers receiving preference in
every case.
The subscribers received stock trust cer-
tificates which when surrendered on the ex-
piration of three years after the date of the
termination of war between the United States
and Germany entitle the holder to receive the
certificate of stock mentioned in the stock
trust certificate and until then to receive the
payments equal to the dividends, if any have
been collected by the trustees. All of the
shares of stock will be transferred to seven
trustees under trust agreement to continue
during the war with Germany and there-
after for three additional years. All sub-
scribers were obliged to satisfy the alien
property custodian as to their loyalty.
The trustees selected to manage the Ameri-
can Factors (Ltd.) are George Sherman
R. A. Cooke. F. C. Atherton. C. R. Hemen-
way. Richard H. Trent, A. W. T. Bottomley
and G. T. Wilcox. all of Honolulu.
The H. Hackfeld Co. was controlled by
J. F. Hackfeld, a subject and resident of
Germany, through J. F. Hackfeld (Ltd.),
which was organized for the purpose of nat-
uralizing himself as far as possible without
having to take the oath of allegiance to the
United States. He went to the Hawaiian
Islands many years ago and built up a busi-
ness which, with the assistance given him
under the kartel system, amounted to many
millions of dollars when the United States
entered the European war.
According to the by-laws of the H. Hack-
feld Co. there were only three officers, and
in case of the death or disability of any of-
ficer, the officer of the next rank automati-
cally filled the position. The by-laws also pro-
vided that any one officer had the authority
in case of the absence of the rest of the of-
ficers to perform any act deemed necessary,
the same as if all were present. The three
officers of the company were J. F. Hackfeld.
George Kociiak and J. F. C. Hagens.
In January of this year (1918) J. F. Hack-
feld was in Germany, and George Rodiak, the
next ranking officer of the corporation, was
in San Francisco, having been convicted of
violating the neutrality laws of the United
States. Hagens remained in Honolulu and
on Jan. 10 he called a meeting of H. Hackfeld
(Ltd.) and sold six American citizens 11,000
shares in the Hackfeld Co. These 11,000
shares, together with the holdings of Hagens
and German naturalized Americans, and one
American family, made the control of H. Hack-
feld Co. Mr. Palmer persuaded the Ameri-
cans who p.urchased this stock to rescind the
sale.
The H. Hackfeld Co., through its subsidiary
companies, has been practically the deciding
factor in the sugar industry in the Hawaiian
islands. They have ordinarily produced from
20 to 30 per cent of the sugar of the islands.
The company is one of many ramifications.
They own or control the Pacific Guano and
Fertilizer Co. (Ltd.). which furnishes phos-
phates to the Hawaiian sugar growers: they
have in the past brought this phosphate
from South America in their own boats to
the Hawaiian islands.
H. Hackfeld Co. also conducted a general
merchandise business, wholesale as well as
retail, and owned the B. F. Ehlers Co., of
Honolulu, which is the largest department
store west of San Francisco. The company
has branches in New York and San Francisco.
This is now known as the Liberty store.
George Rodiak. one of their former of-
ficers, pleaded guilty in the courts of the
United States in San Francisco to having vio-
lated the neutrality laws of the United Stat'-s.
in that he fitted out certain ships in order
that these ships might assist the German
raiders in the Pacific ocean. At the outbreak
of the European war in 1914 ships flying tiie
German flag which entered the port of Hono-
lulu for harbor were taken care of by H.
Hackfeld Co. The Pommern was one of
these vessels: she came from Australia with a
cargo of British merchandise. It is said that
H. Hackfeld Co. assisted the German raiders
on the Pacific ocean in replenishing their sup-
plies, especially with coal.
All enemy-owned property in the Hawaiian
islands, Philippines, Porto Rico, Panama, the
Virgin islands, and the other insular posses-
sions has been administered by the alien
property custodian through the division of
insular possessions, of which Walter D. De-
nee-re is chief.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
327
(Cfje ffireat
War began— Aug. 1, 1914.
Armistice signed — Nov. 11. 1918.
Duration of war — 4 years. 3 months. 11 days.
United States entered— April 6, 1917.
Nations involved— 27.
Killed to Nov. 11. 1918—8.000.000
Cash cost to Dec. 30. 1918— $200,000.000.000.
NATIONS DIRECTLY INVOLVED.
UNITED STATES
GREAT BRITAIN
CANADA
INDIA
AUSTRALIA
NEW ZEALAND
SOUTH AFRICA
PRANCE
RUSSIA
BELGIUM
SERBIA
} MONTENEGRO
JAPAN
Vg J ITALY
' "I ROUMANIA
PORTUGAL
CUBA
PANAMA
GREECE
LIBERIA
CHINA
SAN MARINO
SIAM
BRAZIL
GUATEMALA
COSTA RICA
NICARAGUA
t HAITI
DECLARATIONS OF WAR.
Austria against Belgium. Aug. 28, 1914.
Austria ag-ainst Japan, Aug-. 27, 1914.
Austria against Montenegro, Aug. 9, 1914.
Austria against Russia, Aug-. 6, 1914.
Austria against Serbia, July 28, 1914.
Brazil against Germany. Oct. 26, 1917.
Bulgaria against Roumania, Sept. 1, 1916.
Bulgaria against Serbia, Oct. 14, 1915.
China against Austria. Aug. 14, 1917.
China against Germany, Aug. 14, 1917.
Costa Rica against Germany and Austria-Hun-
gary, May 24, 1918.
Cuba against Germany, April 7, 1917.
Cuba against Austria, Dec. 16, 1917.
France against Austria, Aug. 12, 1914.
France against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
France against Germany, Aug. 3, 1914.
France against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.
Germany against Belgium, Aug. 4, 1914.
Germany against France, Aug. 3, 1914.
Germany against Portugal, March 9, 1916.
Germany against Roumania, Aug. 28, 1916.
Germany against Russia, Aug. 1, 1914.
Great Britain against Austria, Aug. 13, 1914.
Great Britain against Bulgaria, Oct. 15, 191o.
Great Britain against Germany, Aug. 4, 1914.
Great Britain against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.
Greece against Bulgaria, Nov. 23. 1916 (pro-
visional government ) .
Greece against Bulgaria, July 2, 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).
Greece against Germany, Nov. 28, 1916 (pro-
visional government).
Greece against Germany, July 2, 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).
Guatemala against Germany, April 21, 1918.
Haiti against Germany, July 12, 1918.
Honduras against Germany, July 19, 1918.
Italy against Austria, May 24. 1915.
Italy against Bulgaria. Oct. 19. 1915.
Italy against Germany, Aug. 28, 1916.
Italy against Turkey, Aug. 21, 1915.
Japan against Germany, Aug. 23, 1914.
Liberia against Germany, Aug. 4, 1917.
Montenegro against Austria, Aug. 8, 1914.
Montenegro against Germany, Aug. 9, 1914.
Nicaragua against Austria, May 6. '1918.
Nicaragua against Germany, May 7, 1918.
Panama against Germany, April 7, 1917.
Panama against Austria, Dec. 10, 1917.
Portugal against Germany, Nov. 23, 1914 (res-
olution passed authorizing military interven-
tion as ally of England).
Portugal against Germany, May 19, 1915 (mil-
itary aid granted).
Roumania against Austria, Aug. 27, 1916
(allies of Austria also consider it a declara-
tion).
Russia against Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.
Russia against Turkey, Nov. 3, 1914.
San Marino against Austria. May 24, 1915.
Serbia against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
Serbia against Germany, Aug. 6, 1914.
Serbia against Turkey, Dec. 2, 1914.
Siam against Austria, July 22, 1917.
Siam against Germany, July 22, 1917.
Turkey against allies. Nov. 11, 1914.
Turkey against Roumania. Aug. 29, 1916.
United States against Germany, April 6. 1917.
United States against Austria-Hungary, Dec.
7. 1917.
SEVERANCE OP DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS.
Austria with Japan, Aug. 26. 1914.
Austria with Portugal, March 16. 1916.
Austria with Serbia, July 26, 1914.
Austria with United States. April 8, 1917.
Belgium with Turkey, Oct. 30. 1914.
Bolivia with Germany, April 14, 1917.
Brazil with Germany, April 11, 1917.
China with Germany, March 14. 1917.
Costa Rica with Germany. Sept. 21. 1917.
Ecuador with Germany. Dec. 7, 1917.
Egypt with Germany, Aug. 13, 1914.
France with Austria, Aug. 11. 1914.
France with Turkey, Oct. 30. 1914.
Germany with Italy. May 23. 1918.
Great Britain with Turkey, Oct. 30, 1914.
Greece with Turkey, July 2, 1917 (government
of Alexander) .
Greece with Austria, July 2, 1917 (government
of Alexander).
Guatemala with Germany. April 27. 1917.
Haiti with Germany. June 16. 1917.
Honduras with Germany. May 17, 1917.
Japan with Austria, Aug. 25, 1914.
Liberia with Germany. May 8. 1917.
Nicaragua with Germany, May 18. 1917.
Peru with Germany. Oct. 5. 1917.
Roumania with Bulgaria, Aug. 30. 1916.
Russia with Bulgaria, Oct. 5, 1915.
Russia with Turkey, Oct. 30. 1914.
Turkey with United- States. April 20, 1917.
United States with Germany. Feb- 3, 1917.
Uruguay with Germany. Oct. 7, 1917.
SURRENDER DATES.
Russia to Germany and her allies. Dec. 16,
1917.
Roumania to Germany (treaty signed). May
6. 1918.
Bulgaria to France and allies, Sept. 29, 1918.
Turkey to Britain and allies. Oct. 30. 1918.
Austria-Hungary to allies and United States.
Nov. 3. 1918.
Germany to allies and United States. Nov. 11.
1918.
PROCLAMATION OF WAR AGAINST
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
President Woodrow Wilson on Dec. 11, 1917,
issued the following:
By the president of the United States 01
America — a proclamation:
Whereas, the congress of the United States,
in the exercise of the constitutional authority
vested in them, have resolved, by joint resolu-
tion of the senate and house of representa-
tives bearing date of Dec. 7. 1917. as follows:
"Whereas, the imperial and royal Austro-
328
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Hungarian government has committed repeated
acts of war against the government and the
people of the United States of America; there-
lore be it
"Resolved by the senate and house of repre-
sentatives of the United States of America in
congress assembled. That a state of war is
hereby declared to exist between the United
States of America and the imperial and royal
Austro-Hungarian government; and that the
president be, and he is hereby, authorized and
directed to employ the entire naval and mili-
tary forces of the United States and the re-
sources of the government to carry on war
against the imperial and royal Austro-Hunga-
rian government; and to bring the conflict to a
successful termination all the resources of the
country are hereby pledged by the congress of
the United States."
Whereas, by sections 4067, 4068, 4069 and
4070 of the revised statutes, provision is made
relative to natives, citizens, denizens or sub-
jects of a hostile nation or government, being
males of the age of 14 years and upward, who
shall be in the United States and not actually
naturalized;
Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States of America, do hereby
proclaim to all whom it may concern that a
state of war exists between the United States
and the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian
government, and I do specially direct all offi-
cers, civil or military, of the United States
that they exercise vigilance and zeal in the
discharge of the duties incident to such a state
of war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal
to all American citizens that they, in loyal de-
votion to their country, dedicated from its
foundation to the principles of liberty and jus-
tice, uphold the laws of the land and give un-
divided and willing support to those measures
which may be adopted by the constitutional
authorities in prosecuting the war to a suc-
cessful issue and in obtaining a secure and
just peace;
And, acting under and by virtue of the au-
thority vested yi me by the constitution of the
United States and the aforesaid sections of
the revised statutes, I do hereby further pro-
claim and direct that the conduct to be ob-
served on the part of the United States to-
ward all natives, citizens, denizens or subjects
of Austria-Hungary, being males of the age
of 14 years and upward who shall be within
the United States and not actually naturalized,
shall be as follows:
All natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of
Austria-Hungary, being males of 14 years and
upward, who shall be within the United States
and not actually naturalized, are enjoined to
preserve the peace toward the United States
and to refrain from crime against the public
safety, and Jrom violating the laws of the
United States and of the states and territories
thereof, and to refrain from actual hostility or
giving information, aid or comfort to the ene-
mies of the United States, and to comply
strictly with the regulations which are hereby
or which may be from time to time promul-
gated by the president; and so long as they
shall conduct themselves in accordance with
law they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful
pursuit of their lives and occupations, and be
accorded the consideration due to all peaceful
and law-abiding persons, except so far as re-
strictions may be necessary for their own pro-
tection and for the safety of the United States;
and toward such of said persons as conduct
themselves in accordance with law all citizens
of the United States are enjoined to preserve
the peace and to treat them with all such
friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty
and allegiance to the United States.
And all natives, citizens, denizens or sub-
jects of Austria-Hungary, being males of the
age of 14 years and upward, who shall be
within the United States and not actually nat-
uralized, who fail to conduct themselves as so
enjoined, in addition to all other penalties pre-
scribed by law shall be liable to restraint, or
to give security or to remove and depart from
the United States in the manner prescribed by
sections 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes
and as prescribed in regulations duly promul-
gated by the president;
And pursuant to the authority vested in me,
I hereby declare and establish the following
regulations, which I find necessary in the
premises and for the public safety:
(1) No native, citizen, denizen or subject
of Austria-Hungary, being a male of the age
of 14 years and upward and not actually nat-
uralized, shall depart from the United States
until he shall have received such permit as the
president shall prescribe, or except under order
of a court, judge or justice, under sections
4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes;
(2) No such person shall land in or enter
the United States, except under such restric-
tions and at such places as the president may
prescribe ;
(3) Every such person of whom there may
be reasonable cause to believe that he is aid-
ing or about to aid the enemy, or who may be
at large to the danger of the public peace or
safety, or who violates or attempts to violate,
or of whom there is reasonable ground to be-
lieve that he is about to violate any regulation
duly promulgated by the president, or any
criminal law of the United States, or of the
states or territories thereof, will be subject to
summary arrest by the United States marshal
or his deputy, or such other officers as the
president shall designate, and to confinement in
such penitentiary, prison, jail, military camp
or other place of detention as may be directed
by the president.
This proclamation and the regulations herein
contained shall extend and apply to all land
and water, continental or insular, in any way
within the jurisdiction of the United States.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
Done in the District of Columbia this eleventh
day of December, in the year of our Lord one
thousand nine hundred and seventeen and of
the independence of the United States the one
hundred and forty-second.
WOODROW WILSON.
By the president:
ROBERT LANSING. Secretary of State.
PANAMA VS. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
The republic of Panama, which declared war
on Germany April 7, 1917, followed the exam-
ple of the United States with regard to Aus-
tria-Hungary and formally declared war on the
dual monarchy Dec. 10, 1917, the national as-
sembly passing the following resolution:
"The national assembly of Panama : In view
of the message of the president in which
he advises the national assembly of the dec-
laration, of war made by the congress of the
United States of America on the Austro-Hun-
garian empire and considering that the repub-
lic of Panama has expressed before in its laws
and resolutions its firm willingness to lend to
the United States of America all the powers
and co-operation it may be capable of in the
present war, making common cause with the
democratic nations which are fighting to im-
pede the predominance of the world by the
Teuton powers, be it
"Resolved, That the republic of Panama be
declared in a state of war from to-day, Dec.
10. 1917, with the Austro-Hungarian empire.
"That the president be invested with the nec-
essary powers to co-operate with the United
States of America in the prosecution of the
war in acco-dance with the principles of inter-
national law."
GUATEMALA AT WAR WITH GERMANY.
Guatemala, which broke off diplomatic rela-
tions with Germany April 28, 1917, entered
the ranks of Dhe allies when on April 21, 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
300
Z9
it adopted a decree assuming- the same attitude
of belligerency toward the German empire as
the United States. Robert Lansing:, the secre-
tary of state, was notified of the action in the
following- note from the Guatemalan minister
in Washington:
"Mr. Secretary of State: I have to-day
[April 21] received Irom the president of Gua-
temala a cablegram saying- :
" 'Minister of Guatemala, Washington:
" 'By decree dated to-day of the national leg-
islative assembly, Guatemala assumes the same
attitude of belligerency toward the German
empire as the United States.
" 'M. ESTRADA, C.'
"In having- the honor of transmitting- to your
excellency the president's cablegram, and pend-
ing receipt of a copy of the decree of the na-
tional legislative assembly, it is, as always, a
pleasure to me to make known to your excel-
lency the decision of the government of Guate-
mala in accordance with the desires of her
people to stand beside the United States in de-
fense of the rights of America and of human-
ity so ruthlessly and persistently menaced by
the German autocracy in their efforts to sub-
stitute throughout the world a military despot-
ism for liberty and civilization.
"Guatemala, like the United States, will
maintain her belligerency until a stable peace
founded on respect for right and justice can be
established as a guaranty to the nations. I
seize this opportunity to reiterate to your ex-
cellency the assurance of my highest considera-
tion. JOAQUIN MENDEZ."
NICARAGUA DECLARES WAR ON GER-
MANY.
With only four dissenting- votes the congress
of Nicaragua declared war May 7, 1918, on
Germany and her allies. The action was taken
at the suggestion of President Chamorro. The
congress also adopted a declaration of solidar-
ity with the United States and other American
republics at war with Germany and Austria-
Hungary and authorized the president to take
steps for the utilization in full measure of the
nation's forces in the war.
HAITI DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY.
The council of state of Haiti, acting in ac-
cordance with the legislative powers given it
under the new constitution, on the 15th of
July, 1918, unanimously voted a declarati9n of
war on Germany as demanded by the president
of the republic. .
HONDURAS DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY.
Honduras, which broke diplomatic relations
with Germany May 18. 1918, followed that ac-
tion July 19 with a formal declaration of war.
BATTLE NAMES ON AMERICAN BANNERS.
When Marshal Foch received the distinguished
service cross presented to him in the name of
President Wilson by Gen. Persning at Senlis.
France, Nov. 12, 1918, the commander in
chief of the allies said:
"I shall never forget that tragic day in
March when you placed at my disposition the
entire resources of your army. To-day we
have gained the greatest battle in history and
saved the most sacred cause — the liberty of
the world.
"For the last two months the American army
has fought in a most difficult region a fierce
and ceaseless battle. For all time the words
'La Meuse' can be borne with merited pride
upon the standards of the American army."
Following is a list of the more important
battle names which Americans are entitled to
place upon their standards:
Seieheprey. Apri1 20.
Cantigny. May 28.
Chateau Thierry, June 4.
Chateau Thierry (second battle), July 15.
Marne, June 4-July 15.
Bouresches. June 13.
Belleau wood, June 15.
Vaux. July 1.
Chipilly ridge. Aug. 8.
Hamel. July 4.
Soissons. July 18
Torcv. July 18.
Beaurepaire farm. July Ig
Vierzy. July 19.
Mont St. Pere. July 21.
Charteves. July 21
Jaulgonne. July 21!
Trugny. July 24.
Eoieds. Ju^y 24.
Foret de Fere. July 24
Roncheres wood, July 29
Cierges. July 29.
Sergy. July 29.
Hill 230. July 29.
St. Mihiel. Sept. 12-13
Thiaucpurt. Sent. 12.
Visrneulles. Sent. 12
Montfaucon. Sept 27-28
Exermont. Sept. 27-28. '
Gercourt. Sept. 27-28.
Septsarges. Sept. 27-28
Cuisy. Sept. 27-28.
Malacourt. Sept. 27-28.
Ivqiry. Sept. 27-28.
Epinonville. Sept 27-28
Charpentry. Sept. 27-28.'
Very. Sept. 27-28.
Marcheville. Sept 27-28
Rieville, Sept. 27-28.
Hindenburg line. Sept 29-Oct 1
Reims. Oct. 2-9.
St. Etienne. Oct. 2-9
Gesnes. Oct 4
Aire valley. Oct. 4. • •
Chatel-Chery. Oct 7
Consenvoye. Oct 7
Haumont wood. Oct 7
Fleville. Oct. 9.
Bantheyille Oct 23
Ancreville. Nov. 1.
Doulcon. Nov. 1
Andevanne. Nov. 1
Landres et St. Georges. Nov 1
Chennery. Nov. 1.
SPitaals Bosschen. Nov. 3
Audenarde. Nov. 3
Authe. Nov. 3.
Chatillon-sur-Bar. Nov 3
Fosse. Nov. 3.
Nouart. Nov. 3.
Halles. Nov. 3.
Meuse (crossed). Nov. 5.
Meuse (at Sedan) Nov 6
Meuse hills. Nov. 7-10. '
Note^-The names of battles and the dates
are mainly those used b.v Gen. Pershing in his
report to the secretary of war.
CASUALTIES IN THE WAR.
+i,o« c.omPrenensive pr reliable compilation of
the total casualties in the war has yet hc^n
made owing to the absence of official figures
from some of the combatants. The following
figures were the best available up to Dec! £
i . ' 1 S ; «
AMERICAN.
Gen. Pershing reported the casualties in the
£?,t,nc.an expeditionary forces up to Nov 26
iyi8, to be:
Killed in action. 28.363.
Died of wounds. 12.101.
Died of disease, 16,034.
Died of other causes, 1,980.
Total dead, 58.428.
Missing in action. 14,290.
.Prisoners, 2,163
Severely wounded. 54,761.
Undetermined. 43.168.
Slightly wounded. 92.036.
Total wounded. 189.955.
Total casualties. 264,846.
Later reports added 4.310 to the number
killed in action or died of wounds; 1.823 to
the number of dead of disease and 10.330 to
the number of casualties, thus making the
total reach 281,309.
330
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Naval.
On Nov. 26 Surgeon-General Braisted an-
nounced that the deaths in the United States
navy from "war causes" amounted to 1,233,
BRITISH.
British casualties during- the war, including
all the theaters oi activities, totaled 3.049.991,
it was announced in the house of commons
by James Ian MacPherson, parliamentary sec-
retary for the war office. Oi this number
tn« officers killed, wounded or missmgr aggre-
gated 142.634 and the men 2,907.357.
The total of British losses in killed on all
fronts during the war was 658.665, the secre-
tary said. Of these 37,836 were officers and
620,829 were men.
The total British wounded in the war was
more than 2.000,000, the parliamentary sec-
retary's figures showing the aggregate to be
2,032.122. The losses in missing, including
prisoners, totaled 359.145. Of the wounded
92,644 were officers and 1,939.478 were men.
Of the missing, including prisoners. 12.094
were officers and 347,051 were men. The fig-
ures given include troops from India and the
dominions.
The total casualties in France and Belgium
•were 2.719.652. Of this total 32,769 officers
were killed and died of wounds or other
causes and 526.843 men. The wounded totaled
1.833.345, comprising 83.142 officers and 1,-
750.203 men. The missing, including prison-
ers, totaled 326,695. comprising 10,846 offi-
cers and 315.849 men.
In Italy the British losses totaled 6.738. Of
these eighty.- six officers and 941 men were
killed, 334 officers and 4,612 men were wound-
ed. Of the 765 missing thirty-eight were offi-
cers and 727 men.
The Dardanelles expedition cost the British
119,729 casualties. Of this number 1.785
officers were killed or died and 31.737 men.
The wounded were 3.010 officers and 75,508
men. The missing, including prisoners, were
258 officers and 7.431 men.
On the Saloniki front the losses were 27.318
OI these the killed were 285 officers and 7.330
men. the wounded 818 officers and 16,058
men, the missing 114 officers and 2.71.J
men.
The total British losses in the Mesopotamian
campaigns were 97.579. according to Mr. Mac-
Pherson's figures. Of these the fatalities were
31,109. comprising 1,340 officers and 29,769
men.
The wounded totaled 51.115. comprising
2,429 officers and 48.686 men. The missing
and prisoners totaled 15,355, comprising 566
officers and 34.789 men.
In Egypt the total losses were 57,853. Those
killed or who died of wounds were 15,892,
comprising 1.098 officers and 14,794 men. The
•wounded totaled 38.073. comprising 2.311 offi-
cers and 35.762 men. The missing and pris-
oners totaled 3.888, comprising 183 officers
and 3,705 men.
It was officially announced Nov. 27 that dur-
ing the war the forces of Great Britain actu-
ally lost nearly 1.000.000 men killed or dead
through various causes. Recently was
stated the British losses totaled 658.704. but
this number did not take into consideration
men reported missing, who actually lost their
lives, but of whom there is no trace, nor did
it account for men who died at the front
from sickness.
Naval.
The British naval casualties from the out-
break of the war to Nov. 11 numbered 39.766.
the admiralty announced Nov. 26. These were
divided as follows:
Killed or died of wounds, officers 2.466
Men 30.895
Wounded, missing or prisoners, officers. 1.042
Men 5.363
In addition 14.661 officers and men of Brit-
ish merchant vessels and fishing boats lost
their lives by enemy action while pursuing
their ordinary vocations, and 3.295 were taken
prisoner.
Canadian.
Canada's war casualties up to eleven days
before the armistice totaled 211.358. it was
announced Nov. 12, 1918. These are classified
as follows: Killed in action. 34.877; died of
wounds or disease. 15,457: wounded, 152.779:
presumed dead, missing in action and known
prisoners of war, 8,245.
Australian.
Some conception of what Australia did in
the war and of the losses sustained by the
commonwealth can be gained from figures
which were officially issued Oct. 31, 1918. Out
of a population of 5,000.000 Australia
se_nt abroad 336.000 men. The total casual-
ties numbered 290.191. including 54.890 dead.
Recruiting in Australia before the armistice
was signed was at the rate of 4,240 a month.
GERMAN.
The German losses were placed at 6,330.000
by the socialist newspaper Vorwaerts of Ber-
lin, on Nov. "0. The newspaper's estimate,
which was unofficial, said that up to Oct. 31
1.580,000 German soldiers had been killed and
the fate of 260.000 was not known. Four
million soldiers were wounded and 490.000
were prisoners. This made a total casualty
list of 6.330,000.
Karl Bleibtreu, a German military stat-
istician, in a statement published in Das
Neue Europa of April 22. 1918. gave the
German losses from Aug. 2. 1914. to Jan.
21, 1918, as 4,456.961 men, including only
those killed in action or taken prisoners. The
figures were official from Aug. 2. 1914. to
July 31. 1917. and then estimated to Jan. 31.
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.
It was reported Nov. 29. 1918. that Austria-
Hungary had lost 4.000.000 killed and wound-
ed in the war. Of these 800.000 men. in-
cluding 17,000 officers, were killed in action.
ITALIAN.
The losses in the Italian armies since Italy
entered the war amounted to 1.350.000 in
killed and permanently disabled, according to
a statement by Francesco Nitti, minister of
the treasury, in Rome. Sept. 18. 1918.
FRANCE.
No official figures on the French losses had
been published up to Dec. 5, 1918. They were
estimated in London in November at 1.300.000
killed and 2.000,000 wounded or missing.
Considering the number of men in the Frencn
armies and the desperate fighting in which
they were engaged from the beginning of
the war the chances are that the losses were
greater than those indicated by the figures
given.
TOTAL KILLED OR MORTALLY
WOUNDED.
Using the figures as given in the preceding:
reports as a basis and adding the best avail-
able figures as to Russia. Belgium. Serbia,
Turkey and Roumania the number of men
who were killed in action or died of wounds
in the world's war was:
United States 50.000
Great Britain 1.000.000
Germany 1.580.00O
Austria-Hungary 800.000
France 1.500.00O
Italy 1.000.000
Australia 55.00O
Canada 35.000
Russia 1.500.000
Belgium 75.000
Serbia 80.000
Turkey 150.000
Roumania 100.000
Bulgaria 50.000
Total 7.975.000
The total military casualties in the war
probably aggregated at least 35.000.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
331
FIRST AMERICAN CASUALTIES.
The war department is authority lor the
statement that Sept. 4 is the anniversary of
the first casualties in the American expedi-
tionary force. The four men killed and the
nine wounded were members of the medical
departmeat of the army, noncombatants en-
gaged in merciful work.
On Sept. 4, 1917, a German airplane at-
tacked the hospital group at Dannes Camiers,
where the members of United States army
bases No. 5 (Harvard unit. Boston) and No.
12 (Northwestern university. Chicago) were
operating British general hospitals Nos. 11 and
18. respectively. Five bombs fell in or close
to the ward barracks, and their explosion re-
sulted in the death or injury of the first mem-
bers of the American expeditionary force
kill d in the performance of their duty by the
enemy.
The names of the killed and wounded fol-
low:
Killed.
First Lieutenant William Fitzsimmons.
Private (first class) Leslie G. Woods.
Private (first class) Rudolph Rubine. Jr.
Private (first class) Oscar C. Tug-o.
Wounded.
First Lieutenant Clarence A. McGnire.
First Lieutenant Thaddeus D. Smith.
First Lieutenant Rae W. Whidden
Private (first class) Elmer C. Sloan.
Private (first class) Allen Mason.
Private Aubrey S. McLeod.
Private John J. Stanton.
Private Hirman P. Brower.
Private J. D. Ewington.
ROYAL HOUSES DEPOSED BY GREAT WAR.
The world war put an end, apparently for-
ever, to several of the oldest and most pow-
erful dynasties in history and many king's and
princes lost their crowns and titles. It has
been estimated that at least 278 G«rman
monarchs and princes lost their place in the
Underwood & Underwood.
WILLIAM II.
Germany.
Underwood & Underwood.
CHARLES I.
Austria-Hungary.
NICHOLAS n.
Russia.
KING BORIS
Bulgaria.
Underwood ft Underwood.
FREDERICK WILLIAM
Germany.
KING FERDINAND
Bulgaria.
Almanach de Gotha among- the reig-ning houses
of Europe. The most famous dynasties to
suffer deposition, permanently or temporarily,
were the Romanoff in Russia, the Hohenzol-
lern in Prussia and the German empire, Haps-
burg- in Austria and the Wittelsbach in Ba-
varia. A partial list of the dethroned mon-
archs and princes follows, with the dates of
their downfall.
Nicholas II., czar of Russia, March, 15, 1917.
Constantino I., king of Greece, June 12, 1917.
King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, Oct. 3, 1918.
King- Boris of Bulgaria, Nov. 2, 1918.
Emperor William II. of Germany. Nov. 9.
Emperor Charles I. of Austria-Hungary. Nov.
Ludwig III. of Bavaria, Nov. 13. 1918.
Duke Ernst Augustus of Brunswick. Nov. 12.
Friedrich August II. of Saxony, Nov. 12.
1918.
Grand Duke William Ernst of Saxe-Weimar.
Nov. 12, 1918.
Prince Leopold of Lippe-Detmold. Nov. 12.
1918.
Grand Duke Friedrich II. of Baden. Nov. 12.
1918.
Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig- of Hesse. Nov. 12.
1918.
The dates given for the deposition of some
of the minor German rulers are those reported
at the time and may not be exact, but they
are approximately so.
NOTED DEAD IN WAR (1918).
The dates given are those on which the
deaths were reported.
BRITISH.
Lieut. -Commander Alan Campbell, Jan. 4.
Harold A. V. St. Georgre Harmsworth, Feb. 12.
Maj. Philip K. Glazebrook. M. P., March 13.
Col. Percy Arthur Clive, M. P., May 4.
Earl of Ross, June 10.
Lord Alexander Thynne, M. P., Sept. 17.
Maj .-Gen. Louis J. Lipsett, Oct. 19.
FRENCH.
Gen. Lize, Jan. 8.
Capt. De Laage, May 24.
Gen. Pierre de Vallieres, May 28.
Count Gilbert de Lafayette, June 12.
Lieut, de Reszke, June 20.
Capt. Count Bertrand de Lesseps. Sept. 9.
Roland Garros. Oct. 5.
RUSSIAN.
Gen. Dumbadze, March 14.
Gen. Kennenkampf, May 11 (reported).
AMERICAN.
Brig.-Gen. Robert E. L. Michie, June 6.
John Purroy Mitchel, July 6.
Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt. July 14.
Lieut. John W. Overton. July 19.
Lieut.-Col. Russell C. Hand, July 21.
Col. Hamilton Smith. July 23.
Lieut.-Col. Clark Elliott. July 23.
Lieut. Blair Thaw, Aug. 18.
David E. Putnam. Sept. 18.
332
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
GERMAN.
Prince Friedrich Karl. March 22.
Gen. Paul Block von Blottnitz. March 23.
Prince Henry ol Reuss, March 25.
Prince Emich Ernst, April 1.
Baron von Richthofen, April 21.
Gen. Prince von Buchau, June 4.
Gen. Count von Mirbach. July 6.
Gen. Unverszagt, July 26.
Field Marshal von Eichhorn. July 30.
Gen. Hugo Huhn. Sept. 12.
AUSTRIAN.
Maj.-Gen. von Kronstadt. June 18.
COST OF THE WAB IN MONEY.
The total estimated cost ol the world war in
money runs all the way irom S150.000.000.000
to S200.000.000.000. the latter being- the esti-
mate of the federal reserve board in Washing-
ton. which made a careful study of the whole
matter. In its bulletin issued after the armi-
stice terms were signed the board said:
"According to our calculations, the direct
cost of the war. since the outset, can be esti-
mated at an amount somewhere between 830 -
000.000.000 and 900.000.000.000 francs [1
franc equals about 20 cents] — not taking into
account the amortization of the debt or the
total of indemnities.
"We have established the total cost ol mo-
bilization and the carrying on ol the war at
about 50.000.000.000 francs for the first five
months: the year 1915 cost at least 130.000 -
000.000. 1916 probably 190.000.000.000. and
1917 nearly 300.000.000.000 francs. This pro-
gression is even more pronounced during the
current year, so that we have for the first four
years of the war an average monthly cost of
18.250.000,000 francs, with a total ol perhaps
875.000.000.000. Calculated on the basis of
6% per cent interest and % per cent monthly
amortization (which is certainly a minimum)
•we reach an annual cost of 52.500.000.000
Irancs. as against 22.500.000.000 at the end
ol 1916.
"The immensity ol these figures is more
forcibly realized when one recalls that before
the war the total debt of the seven principal
belligerents did not exceed 125.000.000.000
francs: that the annual cost ol supporting the
debt, including amortization, was only 5.500.-
000.000 francs, and that the entire wealth.
both public and private, of Great Britain.
France. Germany. Austria-Hungary and Italy
was not more than 1,275.000.000.000 Irancs.
Finally, let us mention, as other points ol
comparison, that, according to recent calcula-
tions by the French statistician, M. A. Ney-
marck, the aggregate ol negotiable securities
circulating in the world at the close ol 1912
was about 850.000.000.000 Irancs: on the
same date, the total amount ol gold and. silver
extracted irom the earth since the beginning
ol the world hardly exceeded 150,000.000.000
Irancs. while government paper money pi all
the countries in the world totaled about 41.-
000.000.000 Irancs.
''In short, the war has necessitated the crea-
tion on a vast scale ol new debts and ^re-
sources. both temporary and permanent. This
state of affairs has completely transformed the
economic and financial structure ol every coun-
try. A return in the near luture to former
conditions of production, consumption and
credit cannot be expected."
ANOTHER ESTIMATE.
Other financiers at the close ol the war es-
timated the exnenditures of the leading bel-
.: .......... *32.400.00.060
.
France .... 20.000.000.000
United States
Turkey".'.;;;;.;..! ............ 100.000,000
DEBTS OF PRINCIPAL BELLIGERENTS.
The debts ol the principal belligerents at
the most recent dates for which figures were
available (Sept. 27. 1918.) were:
Great Britain. July 20. 1918.831.669.000.000
Australia. March 31. 1918... 1.212.000.000
Canada. July 31. 1918 ....... 1.172.000.000
New Zealand. March 31, 1917. 611.000.000
France. Dec. 31. 1917 ........ 22.227.000.000
Italy. March 31, 1918 S 6.676.000.000
United States. May 31. 1918.. 11.760.000.000
Germany. April 30. 1918 28,922.000,000
Austria, July, 1918 15,422,000,000
Hungary. July. 1918 6.316,000.000
COST OF OTHER WARS.
Dates Countries engaged. Cost.
1793-1815— England and France 16,250,000,000
1812-1815 — France and Russia 450,625,000
1828— Russia and Turkey 100,000,000
1830-1840— Spain and Portugal (civil
war) 250,000,000
1830-1847— France and Algeria 190,000,000
1848— Revolts in Europe 50,000,000
1854-1S56— England 371,000.000
France 332,000,000
Sardinia and Turkey 128,000,000
Austria 68,600,000
Russia 800,000,000
1859— France 75,000,000
Austria 127.000,000
Italy 51,000.000
1864— Denmark, Prussia and Aus-
tria 36.000,000
1866— Prussia and Austria 330,000,000
1864-1870— Brazil, Argentina and Para-
guay 240,000,000
1865-1866— France and Mexico 65,000,000
1870-1871— Germany 954,400.006
France 1,580,000000
1876-1877— Russia 806,547,489
Turkey 403,273,745
1900-1901— Transvaal Republic and
England 1,000,100,000
1904-1905— Russia and Japan 2,500,000.000
Expense ol wars. 1793-1860 9,243,225,000
Expense of wars. 1861-1910 14,080,321,240
Total 23,323,546,240
The cost ol the Balkan wars 1,264.000,000
AMERICAN WARS.
War of ISIS with Great Britain, from June
18, 1812, to Feb. 17, 1815.
Year. Total.
1812 $20,280.000
1813 31,681.000
J814 34.720,000
1815 32,943,000
Army. • Navy.
$11,817,000 $3,959,000
19,652,000 6,446.000
20,350,000 7.311.000
14,794,000 8,660,000
War with, Mexico, from April 24, 1846, to
July 4, 1848.
Year. Total. Army. Navy.
1846 $27,261,000 $10,413,000 $6,455,000
1847 54,920,000 35,840,000 7,900,000
1848 47,618.000 27,688,000 9.408,000
1849 43,499,000 14,558,000 9,786,000
Civil War, from 1861 to 1865.
1860 $63,201,000 $16,472,000 $11,514,000
1861 66,650,000 23,001,000 12,387,000
1862 469,569,000 389,173,000 42,640,000
1863 718,733,000 603,314,000 63,261,000
18f4 864.968.000 690,391.000 85,705.000
1865 1,295,099,000 1,030,690,000 122,617.000
Spanish-American War, from April 21. 1898,
to Dec. 10, 1898.
1897 $365,774,000 $48,950.000 $34,561,000
1M-8 413,368.000 91,992,000 58,823.000
1899 605,071,000 229,841.000 63,942,000
1900 487,713,000 134,774,000 55.953,000
The «utn ol the expenditures ol the army and
navy does not equal the total given above. The
difference was used lor ether government ex-
penses connected with the war.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
333
UNITED STATES LIBERTY LOANS.
Up to Dec. 1. 1918, the United States had
issued tour liberty loans — two in 1917 and two
in 1918. The bond issues were authorized by
acts of congress approved April 24 and Sept.
24. 1917. and April 4 and July 9. 1918. The
terms of the loans were as follows: First
loan. 3% per cent interest, exempt from all
except inheritance taxes, and convertible into
any subsequent issue at a higrher rate. Sec-
ond loan. 4 per cent interest, exempt from all
except federal surtaxes, excess profits, war
profits, taxes and inheritance taxes. Third
loan. 4%. per cent interest, no conversion, ex-
empt from taxes to same extent as second
loan. Fourth loan, same as third loan.
More than 4,000.000 persons subscribed lor
the first loan. 9,500,000 for the second. 18,-
300.000 for the third and more than 21,000.-
000 for the fourth.
The following tables show the treasury allot-
ment to each federal reserve district and the
actual subscriptions:
First Liberty Loan (1917).
District Allotment. Subscriptions.
New York $600,000,000 $1,186,788,400
Chicago 260,000,000
Boston 240,000,000
Cleveland 180,000,000
Philadelphia 140,000,000
San Francisco 140,000,000
Richmond 80,000,000
Kansas City 100,000,000
St. Louis 80,000,000
Minneapolis 80,000,000
Atlanta 60,000,000
Dallas 40,000,000
Total 2.000,000,000 3,035,226,850
Second Liberty Loan (1911).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Boston $300,000,000 $476,950.050
New York 900,000,000 1,550,453,450
Philadelphia 250,000,000 380,350,250
Cleveland 300,000.000 486,10"6.800
Richmond 120,000,000 201,212.500
Atlanta 80,000,000 90,695,750
Chicago 420,000,000 585,853,350
St. Louis 120,000,000 184.280.750
Minneapolis 105,000.000 140,932, 65f>
Kansas City 120,000.000 150,125,750
Dallas 75,000,000 77,899.850
San Francisco 210,000,000 292,671.150
Total 3,000,000,000 4,617,532,300
Third Liberty Loan, (1918).
District. Allotment. Subscriptions'.
$354,537,250
1,115,243,650
361,963,500
405,051,150
186,259,050
137,649,450
608,878,600
199,835,900
180,892,100
204,092,800
116 220,650
287,975,000
Boston $250,000,000
New York 900.000,000
Philadelphia 250,000,000
Cleveland 300.000,000
Richmond 130.000,000
Atlanta 90,000,000
Chicago 425,000,000
St. Louis 130,000,000
Minneapolis 105,000,000
Kansas City 130,000,000
Dallas 80,000,000
San Francisco 210,000,000
Total 3,000,000,000 4,158,599,100
Fourth Liberty Loan (IS 18).
Dist rict. Allotment. Subscriptions.
Boston $500.000,000 $632.221,850
Richmond 280.000,000 352.688,200
Philadelphia 500,000,000 698,763,650
Cleveland , •. .. 600.000,000 702,059,800
Dallas 126,000,000 145.944,450
Minneapolis 210,000,000 241,628,300
San Francisco 402.000.000 459,000,000
St. Louis 260,000.000 296,388,550
New York 1,800,000.000 2,044,778,600
Atlanta 192.000,000 217,885,200
Kansas City 260,000,000 294.649,450
Chicago 870,000,000 969,209,000
Total 6,000,000,000 6,954,875,200
LOANS TO ALLIED NATIONS.
From the spring of 1917 the role of banker
for the entente was assumed by the United
States. On April 24, 1917, the American gov-
ernment was authorized to advance to the
allies the sum of $3,000.000.000; these
figures were raised to $7,000.000,000 after
Sept. 24, 1917. In other words, the allies
(who paid in the beginning- 3 per cent on the
American loans, a rate which has gradually
been raised to 3%, 4, 4M, and even 5 per cent,
this increase being- explained by the increase
in the rate applied to the bonds of the Ameri-
can treasury) derived great benefit from the
excellent credit which the United States
treasury had in its country.
At the end of July, 1918. the proportion of
American loans advanced to the different coun-
tries, in relation to the total credits issued,
was as follows: 53 per cent to Great Britain.
27.85 per cent to France. 10.8 per cent to
Italy and 5.43 per cent to Russia: this last
named country used nothing after March,
1918.
On the side of the central empires. Germany
was the great purveyor of funds for her al-
lies. The exact total of the loans issued by
the German treasury and by the respective
German banks is unknown. She had advanced
to Austria at the end of June, 1917. 2,010.-
000.000 marks. In addition important sums
had been advanced to Hungary. Bulgaria ana
Turkey.
The following; t?Me shows the crertit«. ex-
tended by the United States to its cobelliger-
ents UP to the middle of November. 1918:
Great Britain *2-§i5-882;x88
France •• 2.365.000.000
Italv . 1.210.000.000
Russia" 325.000.000
Belgium . 192.520.000
Cufon T....V.... ................ 15.800.000
Greece 15.800.000
Serbia 0 ^00.000
Czecho-Slovakia. 7,000.000
Liberia 5.000.000
Total 88.090.120.000
Toward the end of the month the credit
extended had reached a total of $8,178,-
976.666.
WAR FINANCE METHODS.
On Nov. 22. 1918. the federal reserve board
made the following1 statement:
"The financing of the war is. primarily, an
economic problem. It has to do with manag-
ing and developing the forces of the country
and keeping intact domestic and foreign credit,
as well as the spirit of initiative.
"In order to meet the war expenses recourse
was had everywhere to well known means em-
ployed in former wars. Civil expenditures
have been cut down, all those that were not
urgent being postponed sine die: economy has
been preached more or less successfully; part
of the resources of tfae regular budget has
been set apart for war expenses: there have
been requisitions; there has been great re-
course to banks of issue: there has been bor-
rowing on a large sc-'le. both at home ana
abroad, in the form of consolidated and float-
ing loans, extension of credit, etc. At an early
date the resources were enlarged by the crea-
tion of new taxes, permanent and temporary,
designed to meet new interest charges on the
war debt.
Eesort to Taxation.
"In certain countries, England and the
United States among others, a more or less
important fraction of the war expenses has
been met by resorting to taxation. Neverthe-
less, it is safe to say that the greater part of
the cost — according to our calculations, more
than four-fifth's — has t>een covered by the
operations of the treasury and by loans ol
more or less distant maturities.
"In certain countries, moreover, special
funds ("Tresors de guerre." etc.) and the
surplus from loans have been used to cover
a small fraction of the cost of mobilization.
334
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Borrowing as a Means.
"But everywhere the method of borrowing:
is used as a means of making: appeal to the
market for capital. Germany began in Sep-
tember. 1914; Austria and Hungary, then
Great Britain, Italy and Russia followed, with
more or leas success. Until the autumn of
1915 France resorted to short term loans
(bills and obligations of national defense) .
Since then consolidated loans have followed
at more or less regular intervals. In Germany
Austria-Hungary. Italy and also in the United
States these consolidation operations have oc-
curred at a more or less fixed date, usually
every six months. Thus Germany, Austria
and Hungary have each issued eight loans
up to the present time; Italy has issued five
and the United States four. England and
France have been less regular in this re-
spect. Up to the present time each of these
two countries has issued only three large con-
solidated loans, the last of which da.tes back
in Great Britain to January. 1917. and to De-
cember. 1917. in France. Meanwhile,, a large
short term debt has accumulated in these
countries, a debt which at the end of June.
1918. amounted to £3.873.000.000, or 97,500,-
000.000 francs, for England, and up to the
end of last January to almost 46.000.000 000
francs for France. A fairly large fraction
of this debt, however, has been contracted
abroad.
Loans Placed at Home.
"As a general thing, loans of distant ma-
turities have been placed exclusively at home,
while neutral markets, especially the United
States, have confined themselves to absorb-
ing- short term treasury securities. Aside from
the Anglo-French loan, which waa placed . in
New York in the autumn of 1915 and which
has a duration of only five years, no loan
on a fairly long term basis could be issued
abroa4 since the beginning of hostilities. Each
financial market has therefore had to rely
upon its own resources. In spite of the at-
traction which the low level of the exchanges
has offered, the people of the neutral coun-
tries have subscribed very little to the war
loans of the belligerents, the neutral financial
markets having had to contribute largely to
their own needs.
Increase in Four Tears.
"From August. 1914, to the end of July.
1918. the debts of the principal belligerents,
including the British colonies, had increased
by 675.000,000.000 francs. 225.000.000.000
of which, approximately, are charged to the
central- powers and 450,000,000.000 to the
allies. It is generally conceded that the ex-
penses of the war are appreciably greater for
the entente than for the central powers, a
fact which is explained, in part, by the geo-
graphic situation of the former and by the
possibility and the necessity which confronts
them of obtaining supplies from abroad.
"These figures include only a fraction of
the treasury bills issued abroad, and do not
comprise all the floating debt contracted at
home, the consolidation of which will have
to be considered sooner or later. For the six
great powers included in our calculations the
gross debt per capita has increased from 300
francs before the war to almost 2,000 francs
at the end of July. 1918.
"The growth of the consolidated and float-
ing war debt has been especially great in
ureat Britain. Germany and France: the same
is true of the United States since its entry
into the war at the beginning of April. 1917.
As has already been said, the sums, often
very important, which have been advanced to
the allied governments must be deducted from
these totals."
WAR. DEBTS OF PRINCIPAL BELLIGERENT COUNTRIES.
In April, 1918, the federal reserve board of
the United States issued a statement comparing
the war expenditures, war debts, note circula-
tion and gold and silver holdings of the twelve
principal belligerent nations. It showed that
after three and a half years of war the pub-
lic debts of the chief allied and central powers
000,000. the increase being $111.652,000 000
This vast sum practically represents the ex-
penditures for war purposes of the nations
named from the time they entered the war
until the early part of 1918. Following is the
national debt table as prepared by the federal
had risen from $25.752.000,000 to $137,404,-
Allled powers. Before the war.
Great Britain Aug. 1, 1914.... $3,458,000,000
Australia June 30,1914... 93.000,000
Canada Mar. 31, 1914... 336,000.000
New Zealand Mar. 31. 1914... 446,000.000
Union of South Africa... Mar. 31. 1914... 579.000,000
France July 31, 1914... 6,598,000,000
Italy June 30. 1914... 2.792,000,000
Russia Jan. 1. 191-1.... 5,092,000,000
United States Mar. 31, 1917... 1,208,000.000
reserve board:
At most recent date.
Feb. 16, 1918. .$27,636,000,000
Mar. ... 1918.
Feb. 28, 1918.
Mar. 31, 1917.
Mar. 31, 1916.
Dec. 31, 1917.
Dee. 31, 1917.
Sept. 1, 1917.
Jan. 31, 1918.
Total
Central powers.
Germany
Austria
Hungary
20.602,000,000
Increase.
$24,178,000,000
849,000,000
675,000,000
165,000,000
155,000,000
15,629,000,000
3,884,000,000
20.291,000,000
6,550,000,000
92,978,000,000 72,376,000,000
942,000,000
1,011,000,000
611,000,000
734,000,000
22,227,000,000
6,676,000,000
25,383,000,000
7,758,000,000
...Oct. 1. 1913...
....... July 1. 1914
1,165,000,00(
2.640,000,000
....... July 1, 1914 ____ 1,345,000.000
Dec-. ... 19l7...*25,408,000.000
Dec. ... 1917...* 13,314,000.000
Dec. ... 1917... *5,704,000,000
Total
Grand total
•Partial estimates.
GOLD AND SILVER
Boforo
the war. *Ratio
59.5
39.4
41.0
64.3
5,150,000,000
25.752,000,000
24,243,000,000
10,674,000000
4,359,000,000
44,426,000,000 39,276,000,000
137,404,000,000 111,652,000.000
Country.
France $919,968,000
Great Britain 185,567,000
Japan 112,296,000
Italy 232,965,000
Russia ...... 863,371,000
60.2
56.6
HOLDINGS.
At end
of 1917. 'Ratio.
$687,480,000 13.7
283.899,000
326,982,000
178,188,000
758,798,000
27.5
46.6
11.5
6.S
Total 2,314,167,000
United States
Aus.-Hungary 311,963,000 63.4
Germany 363,670,000 36.7
Total 675,633,000 45.6
*Ratio of gold and silver
deposit liabilities.
2,235,377,000 11.4
" 1,668.268,000 61.7
64.657,000 1.1
615,929,000 13.3
680,586,000 7.8
to total note and
FLOATING OF LOANS.
With the spread of the war over wider and
wider areas and the continuous rise of prices,
the cost of the war is constantly increasing,
callin* for larger and larger borrowings by
the governments. In floating the huge public
loans the governments have had the assistance
of the banks, co-operation between the govern-
ments and the central banks of issue being
particularly close. Loans of a permanent
character are. as a rule, preceded by issues in
large volume of treasury bills or certificates,
a large proportion of which is discounted by
the central banks. The amounts of treasury
bills and other short-term obligations dis-
counted by the European governments with
their central banks have been constantly na-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
335
ing. partly accounting- for the inflation of
currency and prices, which, in turn, cause in-
creased borrowing'.
In Great Britain temporary borrowings of
the government from the bank of England, as
a rule, do not cause any increase in note cir-
culation, the government receiving deposit
credit for the amounts borrowed. Whatever I ernments.
addition to note circulation took place there
is due to issues of currency notes by the gov-
ernment to the banks largely against the de-
posit of government and other securities, as
distinct from the practice on the European
continent, where in most cases notes are pri-
marily issued by the central banks to the gov-
NAVAL VESSELS LOST IN THE WAR.
In the following table the class, name, ton-
nage, cause and date of loss of each vessel are
'given In order. In the case of some of the
smaller vessels details are omitted.
BRITISH.
Battle Ships— Audacious ; 23.000 ; mined ; Oct. 27,
1914.
Bulwark ; 15,000 ; explosion ; Nov. 26, 1914.
Formidable ; 15.000 ; torpedoed ; Jan. 1, 1915.
Ocean ; 12.950 ; mined ; March 18. 1915.
Irresistible: 15,000; mined; March 18. 1915.
Goliath; 12,950; torpedoed; May 12, 1915.
Majestic; 14,900; torpedoed; May 27, 1915.
Triumph; 11,800; torpedoed; May 26, 1915.
King Edward VII. ; 16.350 ; mined. Jan. 9. 1916
Russell: 14,000; mined; April 27. 1916.
Cornwallisi; 14,000; torpedoed; Jan. 9. 1917.
Britannia; 16,350; torpedoed; Nov. 9, 1918.
Armored Cruisers — Aboukir ; 12,000 : torpedoed ;
Sept. 22, 1914.
Cressy; 12,000; torpedoed; Sept. 22. 1914.
Hogue; 12.000; torpedoed; Sept. 22, 1914.
Good Hope ; 14,000 ; sunk in battle ; Nov. 1. 1914.
Monmouth ; 9,800; sunk in battle; Nov. 1. 1914.
Argyll. 10,850; wrecked; Oct. 28. 1915.
Natal; 13,550: explosion, Dec. 30, 1915. »
Queen Mary; 27,000; sunk in battle; May 31.
1916.
Indefatigable; 18,750; sunk in battle; May 31.
1916.
Invincible : 17.250 ; sunk in battle ; May 31. 1916.
Warrior; 13,550; sunk in battle; May 31, 1916.
Defense ; 14,600 ; sunk in battle ; May 31, 1916.
Black Prince; 13,550; sunk in battle; May 31.
1916.
Hampshire: 10,850; mined (?); June 5. 1916.
Marmora ; torpedoed ; July 23, 1918.
Light Cruisers— Amphion ; 3,440; mined; Aug. 6,
1914.
Pathfinder; 2,940; torpedoed: Sept. 5, 1914.
Pegasus ; 2,135 ; sunk in battle ; Sept. 20, 1914.
Hawke ; 7,350 ; torpedoed ; Oct. 16, 1914.
Hermes ; 5,600 ; torpedoed ; Oct. 31, 1914.
Arethusa; 3,750; mined; Feb. 14. 1916.
Falmouth ; 5.250 ; torpedoed ; Aug. 19. 1916.
Nottingham ; 5,440 ; torpedoed : Aug. 19. 1916.
Vindictive; 5,750; gunfire; April 22. 191S.
Monitors— Raglan ; gunfire; Jan. 20, 1918.
M-28 ; gunfire ; Jan. 20. 1918.
Auxiliary Cruisers— Oceanic ; 17,274 : wrecked ;
Sept. 8. 1915.
Viknor; 2.960; wrecked: Jan. 14, 1915.
Clan MacNaughton ; 4,985 ; wrecked ; Feb. 15.
1915.
Bayano; 3,500; torpedoed; March 11, 1915.
Princess Irene ; 6,000 ; gunfire ; May 27, 1915.
India : 7,900 ; torpedoed ; Aug. 8, 1915.
Alcantara ; gunfire ; Feb. 29. 1916.
Laurentic ; 14,892 : mined ; Feb. 25. 1917.
Hilary ; 6,329 ; torpedoed ; May 29, 1917.
Avenger ; torpedoed ; June 13, 1917.
Begonia : missing ; October, 1917.
Champagne ; torpedoed ; Oct. 15, 1917.
Orama ; 12,927; torpedoed: Oct. 19, 1917.
Stephen Furness ; 1,712 ; torpedoed ; Dec. 22, 1917.
Louvain ; torpedoed : Jan. 21, 1918.
Calgarian ; 17,515 ; torpedoed ; March 1, 1918.
Tithonus ; torpedoed ; March 28. 1918.
Cowslip (sloop) ; torpedoed ; April 25. 1918.
fcestroyers — Recruit ; torpedoed ; May 1, 1915.
Maori ; mined ; May 7, 1915.
Lynx : mined ; Aug. 9. 1915.
Louis : wrecked : Nov. 10, 1915.
Coquette : mined ; March 10, 1916.
Tipperary ; lost in battle ; May 31. 1916.
Turbulent: lost in battle: May 31. 1916.
Shark ; lost in battle ; May 31, 1916.
Sparrowhawk ; lost In battle ; May 31, 1916.
Ardent: lost in battle; May :i, 1916.
Fortune ; lost in battle ; May 31. 1916.
Nomad ; lost in battle ; May 31. 1916.
Nestor ; lost in battle ; May 31, 1916.
Eden ; collision ; June 16, 1916.
Mary Rose ; gunfire ; Oct. 17. 1917.
Strongbow ; gunfire ; Oct. 17, 1917.
F.oxer ; collision ; Feb. 8. 1918.
No. 90 (torpedo boat) ; foundered; May 1. 1918.
Hospital Ships— Anglia ; mined ; Nov. 6. 1915.
Britannic ; torpedoed ; Nov. 21, 1916.
Asturias ; torpedoed ; March 20, 1917.
Donegal ; torpedoed ; April 17. 1917.
Lanfranc ; torpedoed ; April 17. 1917.
Dover Castle: torpedoed; May 26, 1917.
Rewa ; torpedoed ; Jan. 4. 1918.
Glenart Castle; torpedoed: Sept. 26. 1918.
Transports— Ramazan ; torpedoed ; Sept. 19, 1915.
Marquette ; torpedoed ; Oct. 26, 1915.
Franconia ; torpedoed ; Oct. 4, 1916.
Crossbill ; torpedoed ; Oct. 11. 1916.
Sedek ; torpedoed : Oct. 12. 1916.
Mendi; collision; Feb. 21. 1917.
Arcadian ; torpedoed ; April 15, 1917.
Cameronian ; torpedoed ; June 12. 1917.
Aragon ; torpedoed ; Dec. 30, 1917.
Tuscania ; torpedoed ; Feb. 5, 1918.
Otranto ; collision ; Oct. 9. 1918.
Persic; 12,042; torpedoed; Sept. 6. 1918.
Gunboats— Speedy : Sept. 3, 1914.
Niger; Nov. 10. 1914.
Prince Abbas: Nov. 6, 1915.
Abdul Monaym : Nov. 6. 1915.
Hazard ; Jan. 28. 1918.
NOTE — In addition to the above, five obsolete
cruisers were purposely sunk in the harbors of
Zeebrugge and Ostend April 22, 1918. These were
the Brilliant. Sirius. Iphigenia, Intrepid and
Thetis.
FRENCH.
Battle Ships— Bouvet ; 12,007; mined; March 18,
1915.
Suffren; 12,750; missing; after Nov. 24, 1916.
Danton; 18,028; torpedoed; March 19. 1917.
Armored Cruisers — Leon Gambetta ; torpedoed ;
April 26. 1915.
Admiral Charner : 4,702 ; torpedoed ; Feb. 8.
1916.
Gaulois; 11,105; torpedoed: Dec. 27. 1916.
Kleber; 7.578; mined; June 27. 1917.
Chateaurenault ; 7,898; torpedoed; Dec. 14, 1917.
Auxiliary Cruisers— Provence ; 19.200 ; torpedoed ;
Feb. 26. 1916.
Gallia: 15,100; torpedoed: Oct. 4, 1916.
Destroyers— Mousquet ; gunfire ; Oct. 28, 1914.
Dague ; torpedoed ; Feb. 24, 1915.
Branlebas ; mined ; Nov. 19, 1915.
Renaudin : torpedoed ; Feb. 18, 1916.
Fantassin : collision ; June 7, 1916.
Fourche : torpedoed ; June 25. 1916.
Cassini ; torpedoed ; Feb. 28. 1917.
Submarine— Prairial ; collision ; reported May 1.
1918.
Transport— France ; torpedoed ; Nov. 10, 1915.
Admiral Magon ; torpedoed ; Jan. 25. 1917,
ITALIAN.
Battle Ships— Benedetto Brun : 13,214 ; explosion ;
Sept. 28. 1915.
Leonardo da Vinci ; 27,000 ; explosion ; Aug.
2. 1916.
Regina Margherita ; 13,214 ; mined : Dec. 11,
1916.
Armored Cruisers — Amalfl ; 9,956 ; torpedoed ; July
7. 1915.
336
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Giuseppe Garibaldi ; 7,294 ; torpedoed ; July 18,
1915.
Auxiliary Cruiser— Citti di Messina ; torpedoed ;
June 25. 1916.
Destroyers — Turbine ; gunfire ; May 24, 1915.
Impetuoso ; torpedoed ; July 10, 1916.
Transport— Minas ; torpedoed ; Feb. 15. 1917.
RUSSIAN.
Battle Ships— Imperatritsa Maria ; 22,500 ; explo-
sion : Oct. 20. 1916.
Panteleimon ; 12,582 ; torpedoed ; May 22, 1915.
Slava ; 13,516 ; gunfire ; Oct. 17. 1917.
Armored Cruiser— Pallada ; 7,900 ; torpedoed ; Oct.
11. 1914.
Light Cruiser— Jemtchug ; 3,050 ; gunfire ; Oct.
28. 1914.
Auxiliary Cruiser— Prut ; 5.500 ; sunk to avoid
capture ; Oct. 29. 1914.
Transport— Yenisei ; torpedoed ; June 4, 1915.
Destroyers— No vik ; gunfire ; Aug. 19, 1915.
Leitnant Pushtin ; torpedoed ; March 11, 1916.
Hospital Ship— Portugal ; torpedoed ; March 30.
1916.
Gunboats— Donets ; Oct. 29. 1914.
Bubanets ; Oct. 29. 1914.
Sivoutch; Aug. 19. 1915.
Koriets; Aug. 19. 1915.
AMERICAN.
Cruiser — San Diego ; 13,680 ; torpedoed or mined ;
July 19, 1918.
Gunboat— Schurz (Geier) ; collision ; June 21,
1918.
Destroyers — Chauncey ; 420 : collision : Nov. 19.
191?.
Jacob Jones ; 1,050 ; torpedoed ; Dec. 6. 1917.
Collier— Cyclops ; 19,000 ; missing ; March, 1918.
Supply Ships— Montanan ; 6,659 ; torpedoed ; Aug.
16, 1918.
Westover ; torpedoed ; July 11, 1918.
Patrol Boats — Alcedo ; torpedoed ; Nov. 5, 1917.
Admiral ; March 25. 1918.
Submarine Chaser; 209; gunfire; Aug. 27, 1918.
Tampa ; 1,300 ; torpedoed ; Sept. 26, 1918.
Scout Patrol; 379; collision; Oct. 5, 1918.
Transports— Antilles' ; 6.878; torpedoed; Oct. 17,
1917.
President Lincoln: 18,500; torpedoed : May 21.
1918.
Mount Vernon ; 19,503 ; torpedoed but not sunk ;
Sept. 5, 1918.
Ticonderoga ; 5,130 ; torpedoed ; Sept. 30, 1918.
Tugs— Cherokee ; foundered ; Feb. 26, 1918.
Mariner ; foundered ; Feb. 26, 1918.
JAPANESE.
Battleship— Kawachi ; 21,420 ; explosion ; July 12,
1918.
Cruiser— Takachiho ; mined ; Oct. 17, 1914.
Tsukuba ; 13.750 ; fire ; Jan. 14, 1917.
Destroyer — Shirotaye ; wrecked ; Sept. 4, 1914.
GERMAN.
Battle Ships— Pommern ; 13,200 ; sunk in battle ;
May 31. 1916.
Armored Cruisers— Scharnhorst ; 11,420 ; sunk in
battle ; Dec. 8, 1914.
Gneisenau : 11,420 ; sunk in battle ; Dec. 8
1914.
Yorck; 9,350; mined; Nov. 3. 1914.
Friedrich Karl: 8,858; mined; Dec. 12. 1914.
Blucher ; 15,500 ; gunfire ; Jan. 24, 1915.
Prince Adalbert; 8,858; torpedoed; Oct. 23, 1915.
Lutzow ; 26,600 ; sunk in battle ; May 31, 1916.
Light Cruisers— Magdeburg ; 4,478 ; sunk in battle ;
Aug. 17. 1914.
Koeln; 4,280: sunk in battle: Aug. 28, 1914.
Mainz ; 4,280 ; sunk in battle ; Aug. 28, 1914.
Ariadne : 2,618 ; sunk in battle ; Aug. 28, 1914.
Hela ; 2,003 ; torpedoed ; Sept. 13, 1914.
Emden ; 3,444 ; gunfire ; Nov. 9, 1914.
Karlsruhe ; 4.820 ; missing ; Nov. 1914.
Nurnberg ; 3,396 ; sunk in battle ; Dec. 8, 1914.
Leipzig; 3.200; sunk in battle; Dec. 8, 1914.
Dresden ; 3,554 ; gunfire ; March 14, 1915.
Konigsberg; 3,350; gunfire; July 11, 1915.
Undine ; 2,672 ; torpedoed ; Nov. 7. 1915.
Bremen ; 3,200 ; torpedoed ; Dec. 17, 1915.
Wiesbaden; 5,600; sunk in battle; May 31, 1916.
Frauenlob ; 2,715 ; sunk in battle ; May 31, 1916.
Elbing ; 5,000 ; collision ; May 31, 1916.
Rostock; 4,900; sunk in battle; May 31, 1916.
Auxiliary Cruisers— Koenigin Louise ; 10,711 ; gun-
fire ; Aug. 5, 1914.
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse ; 21,000 ; gunfire :
Aug. 27, 1914.
Cap Trafalgar ; 26,000 ; gunfire ; Sept. 14, 1914.
Bethania ; 7,458 ; captured ; Sept. 14, 1914.
Berlin; 9,834; sunk by airplane; Nov. 17, 1914.
Prinz Eitel Friedrich ; 8,865 ; interned ; March
10. 1916.
Greif; 10,000; gunfire: Feb. 29. 1916.
Cormorant ; blown up ; April 6. 1917.
Marie of Flensburg ; 3,000 ; gunfire ; Nov. 2,
Crocodile ; 1,000: gunfire ; Nov. 2. 1917.
Destroyers— Fourteen reported lost.
Gunboats— Moewe : Aug. 9, 1914.
H. von Wissmann ; Aug. 14, 1914.
Vaterland ; Aug. 14, 1914.
Tsingtau; Aug. 17. 1914.
• Komet: Oct. 18. 1914.
Iltis : Nov. 6. 1914.
Jaguar ; Nov. 6, 1914.
Tiger; Nov. 6. 1914.
Luchs ; Nov. 6. 1914.
Elber; Oct. 27. 1917.
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.
Battleships— Szent Istvan ; 20,010 ; torpedoed :
June 10, 1918.
Viribus Unitis ; 20,000 ; torpedoed ; Nov. 1, 1918.
Coast Defense Ships'— Wien ; 5,550 ; torpedoed ;
Dec. 9, 1917.
Light Cruisers— Zenta ; 2,264; gunfire; -Aug. 16,
Kaiserin Augusta ; 4,000 ; gunfire ; Oct. 15. 1914.
Gunboat— Temes ; Oct. 28. 1914.
Destroyers— Lika : Dec. 29, 1915.
Triglav; Dec. 29, 1915.
Huszar ; Jan. 30, 1917.
Hospital Ship— Elektra ; torpedoed ; March 18.
1916.
Submarine— VC-12 ; captured; Jan. 14, 1917.
VT-12; captured; Jan. 14. 1917.
TURKISH.
Battle Ships— Messoudieh ; 9,120 ; torpedoed ; Dec.
13. 1914.
Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa ; 9,901 ; torpedoed ;
Aug. 9. 1915.
Cruisers— Med.iidieh : 3.342: mined: April 3. 1915.
Midullu (Breslau) ; 4,550; mined; Jan. 20, 1918.
(Numerous minor vessels lost.)
ZIONIST MOVEMENT INDORSED BY
PRESIDENT.
The following- letter written by President
Wilson to Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, former
president of the provisional Zionist commit-
tee, was made public Sept. 5. 1918:
"I have watched with deep and sincere in-
terest the reconstructive work which the Weiz-
mann commission has done in Palestine at the
instance of the British government, and I
welcome an opportunity to express the sat-
^faction I have felt in the progress of the
Zionist movement in the United States and in
the allied countries since the declaration by
Mr. Balfour, on behalf of the British grov-
ernment. of Great Britain's approval of the
establishment in Palestine of a national home
for the Jewish people, and his promise that
the British government would use its best
endeavors to facilitate the achievement of
that object, with the understanding- that noth-
ing would be done to prejudice the civil and
religious rights 9f non-Jewish people in
Palestine or the riprhts ;md Dolitical status
enjoyed by Jews in other countries.
"I think that all Americans will be deeply
moved by the report that even in this time
of stress the Weizmann commission has been
able to lay the foundation of the Hebrew
University at Jerusalem, with the promise
that that bears of spiritual rebirth."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
337
PRINCE LICHNOWSKY'S MEMORANDUM.
GERMANY TO BLAME FOR WAR.
That Germany and not Britain was respon-
sible for the groat European war is the
opinion expressed by Prince Karl M. Lichnow-
sky, German ambassador in London from 1912
to August. 1914, in a private memorandum
which became public in March, 1918. The
disclosures made in this document caused a
sensation throughout the civilized world, as
they were unquestionably based on fact.
They did not change public opinion outside
of Germany as to where the guilt for precipi-
tating the mighty struggle lay, but they con-
firmed it in a most convincing manner. Nat-
urally the pan-Germans were furious, and
they accused the former diplomat of high
treason against the empire. Prince Lichnow-
sky disclaimed any intention of having the
document made public. He said he wrote it
for his family archives and that these "purely
private notes found their way into wider cir-
cles by an unprecedented breach of confi-
dence."
It appears that a copy of the memorandum
reached the German foreign office and another
fell into the hands of a member of the social-
ist minority party in Germany. Still another
copy reached the office of the Stockholm Poli-
tiken, organ of the extreme left of the
Swedish socialist party, which began pub-
lishing it on March 15. It was also pub-
lished in the Vorwaerts in Berlin, in The
New Europe of London and subsequently in
other newspapers and magazines throughout
the world. The memorandum was written at
the prince's country seat, Kuchelna, in the
summer of 1916 and was finished early in
the fall. It is in the form of "notes," and
all those published and translated into Eng-
lish are reproduced herewith.
Gets London Embassy.
"Baron Marschall died in September, 19155,
having held his post in London for a few
months only. Blis appointment, which was
due mainly to his age and the plotting of a
younger man to get to London, was one of
the many mistakes made by our foreign office.
In spite of his imposing personality and great
reputation, he was too old and tired to be
able to adapt himself to a purely foreign
and Anglo-Saxon milieu. He was more of a
bureaucrat and a lawyer than a diplomat or
statesman. He set to work to convince Eng-
lishmen of the harmless character of our
fieet, and naturally succeeded in strengthening
an entirely opposite impression.
"To my great surprise I was offered the
post in October. After many years' work I
had withdrawn to the country, as no suitable
post had been found for me, and I spent
my time on my farm and in my garden, on
horseback and in the fields, but I read in-
dustriously and published occasional political
articles. Thus eight years passed, and thir-
teen since I had left Vienna as ambassador.
That was actually my last political employ-
ment. I do not know to whom my appoint-
ment in London was due. At all events, n9t
to his majesty, as I did not belong to his
immediate set, although he was always gra-
cious to me. I know by experience that his
candidates were frequently successfully op-
posed. As a matter of fact, Herr von Kider-
len-Wachter wanted to send Baron von Stumm
tp London. He met me at once with un-
disguised ill-will and tried to frighten me
by rudeness. Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg was
amiable to me, and had visited me shortly
before at Griitz. I am, therefore, inclined to
think that they settled on me as no other
candidate was available. Had Baron von
Marschall not died, it is unlikely that I
should have been dug out any more than in
previous years. The moment was obviously
favorable for an attempt to come to a better
understanding with England.
The Morocco Question.
"Our obscure policy in Morocco had re-
peatedly caused distrust of our peaceful in-
tention, or, at least, had raised doubts as to
whether we knew what we wanted or whether
our intention was to keep Europe in a state
of suspense and, on occasion, to humiliate
the French. An Austrian colleague, who was
a long time in Paris, said to me: 'The French
had begun to forgrei la revanche. You have
regularly reminded them of it by tramping
on their toes.' After we had declined Del-
casse's offer to come to an agreement re-
garding Morocco, and then solemnly declared
that we had no political interest there — an
attitude which agreed with Bismarckian politi-
cal conditions — we suddenly discovered in Ab-
dul Aziz a Kruger No. 2. To him also, as
to the Boers, we promised the protection of
the mighty German empire, and with the
same result. Both manifestations concluded,
as they were bound to conclude, with a re-
traction, as we were not prepared to start a
world war. The pitiable conference of Al-
geciras could alter nothing, and still less
cause Delcasse's fall. Our attitude furthered
the Russo-Japanese and Russo-British rap-
prochement. In face of 'the German peril' all
other considerations faded into the back-
ground. The possibility of another Franco-
German war had been patent, and, as had not
been the case in 1870, such a war could not
leave out Russia or England.
Triple Alliance Valueless.
"The valuelessness of the triple alliance had
already been demonstrated at Algeciras, and.
immediately afterward, the equal worthless-
ness of the agreements made there when the
sultanate fell to pieces, which was, of course,
unavoidable. Meanwhile, the belief was
spreading among the Russian people that our
foreign policy was weak and was breaking
down under 'encirclement,' and that cowardly
surrender followed on haughty gestures. It
is to the credit of Von Kiderlen-Wachter.
though otherwise overrated as a statesman,
that he cleared up the Moroccan situation
and adapted himself to circumstances which
could not be altered. Whether the world had
to be upset by the Agadir coup is a question
I do not touch. This event was hailed with
joy in Germany, but in England caused all
the more uneasiness in that the British gov-
ernment waited in vain for three weeks for
a statement of our intentions. Mr. Lloyd
George's Mansion House speech, intended to
warn us, was a consequence. Before Del-
casse's fall and before the Algeciras confer-
ence we could have obtained harbors and
bases on the west coast, but that was no
longer possible.
"When I came to London in November..
1912, people had become easier about the
question of Morocco, especially since an agree-
ment had been reached with France and Ber-
lin. Lord Haldane's mission had. failed, it is
true, as we demanded promises of neutrality
instead of contenting ourselves with a treaty
which would insure us against a British at-
tack or any attack with British support.
Sir Edward Grey had not, meanwhile, given
up the idea of coming to an understanding
with us, and made such an atttempt first on
economic and colonial grounds. Through the
agency of that qualified and expert councilor
of embassy. Von Kuehlmann, an exchange of
opinions had taken place with regard to the
renewal of the Portuguese colonial treaty and
the Bagdad railway, which thus carried out
the unexpected aim of dividing into spheres
of interest both the above-mentioned colonies
and Asia Minor. The British statesman, old
points in dispute both with France and Rus-
sia having been settled, wished to come to
a similar agreement with us. His .intention
was not to isolate us but to make us In so
338
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
far as possible partners in a working1 cpn-
cern Just as he had succeeded in bridging
Franco-British and Russo-British difficulties.
BO he wished as far as possible to remove
German-British difficulties, and by a network
of treaties — which would finally include an
agreement on the miserable fleet question— to
secure the peace of the world, as our earlier
policy had lent itself to a co-operation with
the entente, which contained a mutual assur-
ance against the danger of war.
"This was Sir Edward Grey's program in
his own words: 'Without infringing on the
existing friendly relations with France and
Russia — which in themselves contained no ag-
gressive elements and no binding obligations
for England— to seek to achieve a more
friendly rapprochement with Germany^ and to
bring the two groups nearer together.
"In England, as with us, there were two
opinions, that of the optimists, who believed
in an understanding, and that of the pessi-
mists who considered war inevitable sooner
or later. Among the former were Mr. As-
quith. Sir Edward Grey, Lord Haldane .and
most of the ministers in the radical cabinet,
as well as leading liberal organs, such as the
Westminster Gazette, the Manchester Guard-
ian and the Daily Chronicle. To the pessi-
mists belong especially conservative politi-
cians like Mr. Balfour, who repeatedly made
his meaning- clear to me; leading soldiers
such as Lord Roberts, who insisted on the
necessity of conscription and on 'the writ-
ing on the wall'; and, further, the Northclme
press, and that leading English journalist.
Mr. Garvin of the Observer. During my term
of office they abstained from all attacks
and took up, personally and politically, a
friendly attitude. Our naval policy and our
attitude in the years 1905. 1908 and 1911
had, nevertheless, caused them to think that
it might one day come to war. Just as with
us. the former are now dubbed shortsighted
and simpleminded, while the latter are re-
garded as the true prophets.
Balkan Problems.
"The first Balkan war led to the collapse of
Turkey and with it the defeat of our policy,
which had been identified with Turkey for
many years. Since the salvation of Turkey
In Europe was no longer feasible, only two
possibilities for settling the question remained.
Either we declared we had no longer any in-
terest in the definition of boundaries in the
Balkan peninsula, and left the settlement of
the question to the Balkan peoples them-
selves, or we supported our allies and carried
out a triple alliance policy in the east, thereby
giving up the role of mediator.
"I urged the former course from the begin-
ning, but the German foreign office very much
preferred the latter. The chief question was
Albania. Our allies desired the establishment
of an independent state of Albania, as Austria
would not allow Serbia to reach the Adriatic,
and Italy did not wish the Greeks to reach
Valona or even the territory north of Corfu.
On the other hand, Russia, as is known,
favored Serbian, and France Greek, desires.
My advice was now to consider the question
as outside the alliance, and to support neither
Austrian nor Italian wishes. Without our
support the establishment of Albania, whose
incapability of existence might have been
foreseen, was an impossibility. Serbia would
have pushed forward to the coast: then the
present world war would have been avoided.
France and Italy would have remained defi-
nitely divided as to Greece, and the Italians,
had they not wished to fight France alone,
would have been obliged to consent to the ex-
Sinsion of Greece to the district north of
urazzo. The greater part of civilized Al-
bania is Greek. The southern towns are en-
tirely Greek, and. at the time of the con-
ference of ambassadors, deputations from the
larger towns came to London to carry through
the annexation to Greece.
"In Greece to-day whole groups are Alba-
nian, and the so-called Greek national dress
is of Albanian origin. The amalgamation of
the preponderating Orthodox and Islamic Al-
banians with the Greek state was, therefore,
the best solution and the most natural, if one
leaves out of account Scutari and the north-
ern part of Serbia and Montenegro. His
majesty was also in favor of this solution on
dynastic grounds. When I encouraged the
monarch by letter to this effect. I received
violent reproaches from the chancellor for
supporting Austria's opponents, and he for-
bade all such interference in the future, and
even direct correspondence. We had even-
tually, however, to abandon the tradition of
carrying out the triple alliance policy in the
east and to acknowledge our mistake, which
consisted in identifying ourselves with the
Turks in the south and the Austro-Magyars
in the north; for the continuance of that
policy, which we began at the congress in
Berlin and subsequently carried on zealously,
was bound in time, should the necessary skill
in conducting- it fail, to lead to a collision
with Russia and a world war.
"Instead of uniting with Russia on the
basis of the independence of the sultan, whom
the Russians also did not wish to drive out
of Constantinople, and confining ourselves to
economic interests in the east, whilst at the
same time refraining from all military and
political interference and being satisfied with
a division of Asia Minor into spheres of in-
terest, the goal of our political ambition was
to dominate in the Bosporus. In Russia,
therefore, the opinion arose that the way to
Constantinople and to the Mediterranean lay
through Berlin. Instead of encouraging a
powerful development in the Balkan states.
which were once free and are very different
from the Russians, of which fact we have
already had experience, we placed ourselves
on the side of the Turkish and Magyar op-
pressors. The dire mistake ot our triple alli-
ance and our eastern policies, which drove
Russia — our natural friend and best neighbor
— into the arms of France and England and
kept her from her policy of Asiatic expansion,
was the more evident, as a Franco-Russian
attack, the only hypothesis justifying a triple
alliance policy, had to be eliminated from our
calculations.
"As to the value of the alliance with Italy,
one word only. Italy needs our money and
our tourists after the war, with or without
our alliance. That our alliance would go by
the board in the event of war was to be
foreseen. The alliance consequently was
worthless.
Austria Depends on Germany.
"Austria, however, needed our protection
both in war and peace, and had no other point
d'appui. This dependence on us is based on
political, national and economic grounds, and
is all the greater in proportion to the inti-
macy of our relations with Russia. This was
proved in the Bosnian crisis. Since Count
Beust no Vienna minister had been so self-
conscious with us as Count Aehrenthal was
during the last years of his life. Under the
influence of a properly conducted German
policy which would keep us in touch with
Russia, Austria-Hungary is our vassal and is
tied to us even without an alliance and with-
out reciprocal services: under the influence
of a misguided policy, however, we are tied
to Austria-Hungary. An alliance would there-
fore be purposeless.
"I know Austria far too well not to know
that a return to the policy of Count Felix
Schwarzenberg- or to that of Count Moritz
Esterhazy was unthinkable. Little as the
Slavs living there love us, they wish just as
little for a return to the German kaiserdom,
even with a Hapsburg-Lorraine at its head.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
339
They are striving for an internal Austrian fed-
eration on a national basis, a condition which
is even less likely of realization within the
German empire than under the double eagle.
Austro-Germans look on Berlin as the cen-
ter of German power and kultur. and they
know that Austria can never be a leading
power. They desire as close a connection
as possible with the empire, but not to the
extent of an anti-German policy.
"Since the '70s the conditions have changed
fundamentally in Austria, and also perhaps in
Bavaria. Just as here a return to pan-German
particularism and the old Bavarian policy is
not to be feared, so there a revival of the
policy of Prince Kaunitz and Prince Schwar-
zenberg is not to be contemplated. But by a
constitutional union with Austria, which even
without Galicia and Dalmatia is inhabited at
least to the extent of one-half by non-
Germans, our interests would suffer; whilst,
on the other hand, by the subordination of
our policy to the point of view of Vienna
and Budapest, we should have to 'epouser les
auerelles de 1'Autriche.'
"We therefore had no need to heed the de-
sires of our allies. They were not only un-
necessary but dangerous, inasmuch as they
would lead to a collision with Russia if we
looked at eastern questions through Austrian
eyes. The transformation of pur alliance with
its single original purpose into a complete
alliance, involving a complexity of common
interests, was calculated to call forth the
very state of things which the constitutional
negotiations were designed to prevent — namely,
war. Such a policy of alliances would, more-
over, entail the loss of the sympathies of the
young, strong and growing communities in
the Balkan peninsula, which were ready to
turn to us and open their markets to us.
The contrast between dynastic and democratic
ideas had to be given clear expression, and,
as usual, we stood on the wrong side. King
Carol told one of our representatives that he
had made an alliance with us on condition
that we retained control of affairs, but that
if that control passed to Austria it would
entirely change the basis of affairs, and
under those conditions he could no longer
participate. Matters stood in the same posi-
tion in Serbia, where against our own eco-
nomic interests we were supporting an Aus-
trian policy of strangulation.
"We had always backed horses which, it
was evident, would lose, such as Kruger,
Abdul Aziz, Abdul Hamid, Wilhelm of Wied,
and finally — and this was the most miserable
mistake of all — Count Berchtold.
"Shortly after my arrival in London, in
1912, Sir Edward Grey proposed an informal
exchange of views in order to prevent a
European war developing out of the Balkan
war, since, at the outbreak of that war, we
had unfortunately declined the proposal of
the French government to join in a declara-
tion of disinterestedness and impartiality on
the part of the powers. The British states-
man maintained from the beginning that Eng-
land had no interest in Albania, and would,
therefore, not go to war on the subject. In
his role of 'honest broker' he would confine
his efforts to mediation and an attempt to
smooth away difficulties between the two
groups. He, therefore, by no means placed
himself on the side of the entente powers,
and during the negotiations, which lasted
about eight months, he lent his good will
and powerful influence toward the establish-
ment of an understanding. Instead of adopt-
ing the English point of view we accepted
that dictated to us by Vienna. Count Mens-
dorff led the triple alliance in London and I
was his second.
Grey's Conciliatory Policy.
"My duty was to support his proposals.
The clever and experienced Count Szogyenyi
was at the helm in Berlin. Hi a refrain was
'casus foederis,' and when once I dared to
doubt the justice of this phrase I was seri-
ously warned against Austrophobism. Refer-
ring to my father, it was even said that I
had inherited it. On every point, including
Albania, the Serbian harbors in the Adriatic,
Scutari, and in the definition of the Albanian
frontiers, we were on the side of Austria and
Italy, while Sir Edward Grey hardly ever
took the French or Russian point of view.
On the contrary, he nearly always took our
part in order to give no pretext for war —
which was afterward brought about by a
dead archduke. It was with his help that
King Nicholas was induced to leave Scutari.
Otherwise there would have been war over
this matter, as we should never have dared'
to ask 'our allies' to make concessions.
"Sir Edward Grey conducted the negotia-
tions with care, calm and tact. When a
question threatened to become involved he
proposed a formula which met the case and
always secured consent. He acquired the full
confidence of all the representatives.
"Once again we had successfully withstood
one of the many threats against the strength
characterizing our policy. Russia had been
obliged to give way to us all along the line.
as she never got an opportunity to advance
Serbian wishes. Albania was set up as an
Austrian vassal state and Serbia was driven
away from the sea. The conference was thus
a fresh humiliation for Russia.
"As in 1878 and 1908, we had opp9sed the
Russian program without German interests
being brought into play. Bismarck had to
minimize the mistake of the congress by a
secret treaty, and his attitude in the Batten-
berg question — the downward incline being
taken by us in the Bosnian question — was fol-
lowed up in London, and was not given up,
with the result that it led to the abyss.
"The dissatisfaction then prevalent in Rus-
sia was given vent to during the London con-
ference by an attack in the Russian press
on my Russian colleague and on Russian
diplomacy.
"His German origin and Catholic faith, his
reputation as a friend of Germany, and the
accident that he was related both to Count
Mensdorff and to myself were all made use
of by dissatisfied parties. Although not a
particularly important personality. Count
Benckendorff possessed many qualities of a
good diplomat — tact, worldly knowledge, ex-
perience, an agreeable personality and a nat-
ural eye for men and things. He sought al-
ways to avoid provocative attitudes and was
supported by the attitude of England and
France.
"I once said: 'Tht feeling in Russia is very
anti-German.' He rt^lied: 'There are also
many strong influential pro-German circles
there. But the people generally are anti-
Austrian.'
"It only remains to be added that our ex-
aggerated Austrophilism is not exactly likely
to break up the entente and turn Russia's
attention to her Asiatic interests.
Balkan Conference.
"At the same time (1913) the Balkan con-
ference met in London, and I had the oppor-
tunity of meeting the leading men of the
Balkan states. The most important person-
age among them was M. Venizelos. He was
anything but anti-German, and particularly
prized the Order of the Red Eagle, which he
even wore at the French embassy. With his
winning amiability and savoir faire he could
always win sympathy.
"Next to him a great role was played by
Daneff, the then Bulgarian prime minister and
Count Berchtold's confidant. He gave the
impression of being a capable and energetic
man, and even the influence of his friends at
Vienna and Budapest, at which he sometimes
laughed, was attributable to the fact that he
had let himself be drawn into the second Bal-
340
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
kan war and had declined Russian interven-
tion.
"M. Take Jonescu was often in London,
too. and visited me regularly. I had known
him since the time when I was secretary at
Bukharest. He was also one of Herr von
Kiderlen-Wachter's friends. His aim in Lon-
don was to secure concessions for Roumania
by negotiations with M. Daneff. In this he
was supported by the most capable Roumanian
minister. M. Misu. That these negotiations
were stranded by the Bulgarian opposition is
known. Count Berchtold — and naturally we
with him — was entirely on the side of Bul-
garia: otherwise we should have succeeded
by pressure on M. Daneff in obtaining the
desired satisfaction for the Roumanians and
have bound Roumania to us, as she was by
Austria's attitude in the second Balkan war,
while afterward she was estranged from the
central powers.
"Bulgaria's defeat in the second Balkan war
and Serbia's victory, as well as the Rou-
manian advance, naturally constituted a re-
proach to Austria. The idea of equalizing this
by military intervention in Serbia seems to
have gained ground rapidly in Vienna. This
is proved by the Italian disclosure, and it may
be presumed that the Marquis di San Giuliano,
who described the plan as a 'pericolossissima
adventura' [an extremely risky adventure],
saved us from a European war as far back
as the summer of. 1912. Intimate as Russo-
Italian relations were, the aspiration of Vienna
must have been known in St. Petersburg. In
any event, M. Take Jonescu told me that
M. Sazonoff had said in Constanza that an
attack on Serbia on the part of Austria
meant war with Russia.
"In the spring of 1914 one of my secre-
taries, on returning from leave in Vienna,
said that Herr von Tschirschky [German am-
bassador in Vienna] had declared that war
must soon come. But as I was always kept
in the dark regarding important things, I
considered his pessimism unfounded.
"Ever since the peace of Bukharest it seems
to have been the opinion in Vienna that the
revision of this treaty should be undertaken
independently, and only a favorable oppor-
tunity was awaited. The statesmen in Vienna
and Bukharest could naturally count upon
our support. This they knew, for already
they had been reproached several times for
their slackness. Berlin even insisted on the
'rehabilitation' of Austria.
Relations with, Russia.
"When I returned to London in December.
1913, after a long holiday, the Liman von
Sanders question had led to our relations
with Russia becoming acute. Sir Edward
Grey called my attention with some uneasi-
ness to the consequent unrest in St. Peters-
burg, saying: 'I have never seen them so
excited.' Berlin instructed me to beg the min-
ister to urge calm in St. Petersburg and help
to solve the difficulty. Sir Edward was quite
willing, and his intervention contributed not
inconsiderably to southing matters over. My
good relations with Sir Edward and his great
influence in St. Petersburg served in a like
manner on several occasions when it was a
question of carrying through something of
which our representative there was completely
incapable.
"During the critical days of July, 1914, Sir
Edward said to me : 'If ever you want some-
thing done in St. Petersburg you come to me
regularly, but if ever I appeal for your in-
fluence in Vienna you refuse your support.'
The good and dependable relations I was for-
tunate in making not only in society and
among influential people, such as Sir Edward
Grey and Mr. Ascmith. but nlso with others
at public dinners, had brought nbout a notice-
able improvement in our relations with Eng-
land. Sir Edward devoted himself honestly
to further this rapprochement, and his in-
tentions were especially noticeable in two
questions — the colonial treaty and the treaty
regarding the Bagdad railway.
"In the year 1898 a secret treaty had been
signed by Count Hatzfeldt [then German am-
bassador in London] and Mr. Balfour which
divided the Portuguese colonies in Africa into
economic-political spheres of interest between
us and England. As the Portuguese govern-
ment possessed neither the power nor the
means to open UP or adequately to administer
its extensive possessions, the Portuguese gov-
ernment had already at an earlier date thought
of selling these possessions and thereby put-
ting their finances in order. Between us and
England an agreement had been reached which
defined the interests of the two parties and
which was of all the greater value because
Portugal, as is well known, is completely de-
pendent upon England. This treaty was no
doubt to secure outwardly the integrity and
independence of the Portuguese empire, and it
only expressed the intention of giving financial
and economic assistance to the Portuguese.
Consequently it did not, according to the text,
conflict with the old Anglo-Portuguese alliance,
dating from the fifteenth century, which was
last renewed under Charles II. and which
guaranteed the territories of the two parties.
Nevertheless, at the instance of the Marquis
Several, who presumably was not ignorant of
the Anglo-German agreement, a new treaty —
the so-called Windsor treaty — which cpnfirmed
the old agreements, was concluded in 1899
between England and Portugal.
African Treaties.
"The object of the negotiations between us
and England, which had begun before my ar-
rival, was to alter and amend our treaty of
1898, which contained many impossible fea-
tures— for example, with regard to the geo-
graphical delimitation. Thanks to the con-
ciliatory attitude of the British government, I
succeeded in giving ir> the new treaty a form
which entirely accorded with our wishes and
interests. All Angola, as far as the 20th de-
gree of longitude, was allotted to us, so that
we reached the Congo territory from the
south. Moreover, the valuable islands of
San Thome and Principe, which He north of
the equator, and therefore really belonged to
the French sphere of interest, were allotted
to us — a fact which caused my French col-
league to make lively, although vain, repre-
sentations. Further, we obtained the northern
part of Mozambique: the frontier was formed
by the Likungo. The British government
showed the utmost readiness to meet our in-
terests and wishes. Sir Edward Grey in-
tended to prove his good will to us. but he also
desired to promote our colonial development,
because England hoped to divert Germany's
development of strength from the North sea
and western Europe to the world sea and
Africa. 'We don't want to grudge Germany
her colonial development,' a member of the
cabinet said to me.
"Originally, at the British suggestion, the
Congo state was to be included in the treaty,
which would have given us a right to pre-
emption and a possibility of economic pene-
tration in the Congo state. But we refused
this offer, out of alleged respect for Belgian
sensibilities ! Perhaps the idea was to econo-
mize our successes? With regard also to the
practical realization of the real but unex-
pressed object of the treaty — the actual parti-
tion at a later date of the Portuguese colo-
nial possessions — the new formulation showed
considerable advantages and progress as com-
pared with the old. Thus the treaty contem-
plated circumstances which would enable us
to enter the territories ascribed to us for the
protection of o.ur interests. These conditional
clauses were so wide that it was really left
to us to decide when really 'vital' interests
were concerned, so thnt. in view of the com-
plete dependence of Portugal upon England,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
341
we merely needed to go on cultivating: our re-
lations with England in order, later on, with
English assent, to realize our mutual inten-
tions.
"The sincerity of the English government in
its effort to respect our rights was proved
by the fact that Sir Edward Grey, before ever
the treaty was cpmpleted or signed, called our
attention to English men of business who were
seeking opportunities to invest capital in the
territories allotted to us by the new treaty,
and who desired British support. In doing
so he remarked that the undertakings in
question belonged to our sphere of interest.
"The treaty was practically complete at the
time of the king's visit to Berlin in May.
1913. A conversation then took place in
. Berlin under the presidency of the imperial
chancellor [Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg] in
which I took part and at which special
wishes were laid down. On my return to
London I succeeded, with the help of my
counselor of embassy. Von Kuehlmann. who
was working upon the details of the treaty
with Mr. Parker, in putting through our
last proposals also. It was possible for the
whole treaty to be initialed by Sir Edward
Grey and myself in August, 1913, before I
went on leave. Npw, however, new difficulties
were to arise, which prevented the signature,
and it was only a year later, shortly before
the outbreak of war, that I was able to ob-
tain authorization for the final settlement.
Signature, however, never took place.
Opposition in Berlin.
"Sir Edward Grey was willing to sign only
if the treaty was published, together with the
two treaties of 1898 and 1899; England has
no other secret treaties, and it is contrary
to her existing principles that she should con-
ceal binding agreements. He said, however,
that he was ready to take account of our
wishes concerning the time and manner of
publication, provided that publication took
place within one year, at latest, after the
signature. In the [Berlin] foreign office, how-
ever, where my London successes aroused in-
creasing dissatisfaction, and where an influen-
tial personage [the reference is apparently to
Herr von Stumm], who played the part of
Herr von Holstein, was claiming the London
embassy for himself. It was stated that the
publication would imperil our interests in the
colonies, because the Portuguese would show
their gratitude by giving us no more conces-
sions. The accuracy of this excuse is illumi-
nated by the fact that the old treaty was
most probably just as much long known to
the Portuguese as our new agreements must
have been, in view of the intimacy of rela-
tions between Portugal and England; it was
illuminated also by the fact that, in view of
the influence which England possesses at Lis-
bon, tho Portuguese government is completely
powerless in face of an Anglo-German under-
standing.
"Consequently it was necessary to find an-
other excuse for wrecking the treaty. It was
said that the publication of the Windsor
treaty, which was concluded in the time of
Prince Hohenlohe, and which was merely a
renewal of the treaty of Charles II., which
had never lapsed, might imperil the position
of Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg, as being a
proof of British hypocrisy and perfidy I On
this I pointed out that the preamble to our
treaties said exactly the same thing as the
Windsor treaty and other similar treaties—
namely, that we desired to protect the sov-
ereign rights of Portugal and the integrity of
its possessions ! In spite of repeated conver-
satipns with Sir Edward Grey, in which the
minister made ever fresh proposals concerning
publication, the [Berlin] foreign office re-
mained obstinate, and finally agreed with Sir
Edward Goschen [British ambassador in Ber-
lin] that everything should remain as it was
before. So the treaty, which gave us extraor-
dinary advantages, the result of more than
one year's work, had collapsed because it
would have been a public success for me.
When in the spring of 1914 I happened, at a
dinner in the embassy, at which Mr. Harcourt
[then colonial secretary] was present, to men-
tion the matter, the colonial secretary said
that he was embarrassed and did not know
how to behave. He said that the present
state of affairs' was intolerable, because he
[Mr. Harcourt] wanted to respect our rights,
but, on the other hand, was in doubt as to
whether he should follow the old treaty or
the new. He said that it was therefore ex-
tremely desirable to clear matters up and to
bring to a conclusion an affair which had
been hanging on for so long.
"When I reported to this effect I received
a rude and excited order, telling me to re-
frain from any further interference in the
matter.
"I now regret that I did not go to Berlin
in order to offer his majesty my resignation,
and that I still did not lose my belief in the
possibility of an agreement between me and
the leading [German] personages. That was
a disastrous mistake, which was to be trag-
ically avenged some months later.
"Slight though it was, the extent to which
I then still possessed the good will of the
imperial chancellor — because he feared that
I was aiming at his office — I must do him
the justice to say that at the end of June.
1914, in our last conversation before the out-
break of war, he gave his consent to the sig-
nature and publication. Nevertheless, it re-
quired further repeated suggestions on my
part, which were supported by Dr. Solf [Ger-
man colonial secretary], in order at last to
obtain official consent at the end of July.
Then the Serbian crisis was already threaten-
ing the peace of Europe, and so the com-
pletion of the treaty had to be postponed.
The treaty is now one of the victims of the
war.
Bagdad Railway Treaty.
"At the same time, while the African agree-
ment was under discussion, I was negotiating,
with the effective co-operation of Herr von
Kuehlmann. the so-called Bagdad Railway
treaty. This aimed, in fact, at the division
of Asia Minor into spheres of interest, al-
though this expression was carefully avoided
in consideration of the sultan's rights. Sir
Edward Grey declared repeatedly that there
was no agreement between England and
France aiming at a division of Asia Minor.
"In the presence of the Turkish representa-
tive, Hakki Pasha, all economic questions in
connection with the German treaty were
settled mainly in accordance with the wishes
of the Ottoman bank. The greatest conces-
sion Sir Edward Grey made me personally
was the continuation of the line to Basra.
We had insisted on this terminus in order
to establish connection with Alexandretta.
Hitherto Bagdad had been the terminus of
the line. The shipping on the Shatt-el-Arab
was to be in the hands of an international
commission. We also obtained a share in
the harbor works at Basra, and even ac-
quired shipping rights on the Tigris, hitherto
the monopoly of the firm of Lynch.
"By this treaty the whole of Mesopotamia
up to Basra became our zone of interest,
whereby the whole British rights, the ques-
tion of shipping on the Tigris and the Wilcox
establishments were left untouched, as well as
all the district of Bagdad and the Anatolian
railways.
"The British economic territories included
the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Smyrna-
Aidin railway, the French Syria and the Rus-
sian Armenia. Had both treaties been con-
cluded and published, an agreement would
have been reached with England which would
have finally ended all doubt of the possibility
of an Anglo-German co-operation.
342
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Question of the Fleet.
"Mpst difficult ol all, there remained the
question of the fleet. It was never Quite
rightly judged. The creation of a mighty
fleet on the other shore of th* North sea and
the simultaneous development of the con-
tinent's most important military power into
its most important naval power had at least
to be recognized by England as uncomfortable.
This presumably cannot be doubted. To main-
tain the necessary lead and not to become
dependent, to preserve the supremacy of the
sea, which Britain must have in order not
to go down, she -had to undertake preparations
and expenses which weighed heavily on the
taxpayer. A threat against the British world
position was made in that our policy allowed
the possibility of warlike development to
appear. This possibility was obviously near
during1 the Moroccan crisis and the Bosnian
Question.
"People had become reconciled to our fleet
in its definite strength. Obviously it was not
welcome to the British and constituted one of
the motives, but neither the only nor the
most important motive, for England's joining
hands with Russia and France. On account
of our fleet alone, however, England would
have drawn the sword as little as on account
of our trade, which it is pretended called
forth her jealousy and ultimately brought
about war.
"From the beginning I adopted the stand-
point that in spite of the fleet it would be
possible to come to a friendly understanding
and rapprochement if we did not propose new
votes of credit, and, above all. if we carried
out an indisputable peace policy. I also
avoided all mention of the fleet, and between
me and Sir Edward Grey the word was never
uttered. Sir Edward Grey declared on one
occasion at a cabinet meeting: 'The present
German ambassador has never mentioned the
fleet to me.'
"During my term of office the then first
lord, Mr. Churchill, raised the question of a so-
called naval holiday, and proposed, for finan-
cial reasons as much as on account of the
pacifist inclinations of his party, a one year's
pause in armaments. Officially the suggestion
was not supported by Sir Edward Grey. He
never spoke of it to me, but Mr. Churchill
spoke to me on repeated occasions.
"I am convinced that his initiative was
honest, cunning in general not being part of
the Englishman's constitution. It would have
been a great success for Mr. Churchill to se-
cure economies for the country and to lighten
the burden of armament, which was weighing
heavily on the people.
"I maintain that it would have been diffi-
cult to support his intention. How about the
workmen employed for this purpose? How
about the technical personnel? Our naval
program was settled, and it would be diffi-
cult to alter it. Nor, on the other hand, did
we intend exceeding it. But he pointed out
that the means spent on portentous arma-
ments could equally be used for other pur-
poses. I maintain that such expenditure
would have benefited home industries.
"I also succeeded, in conversation with Sir
William Tyrrell, Sir Edward Grey's private
secretary, in keeping away that subject with-
out raising suspicion, although it came up in
parliament, and preventing the gpvernment's
proposal from being made. But it was Mr.
Churchill's and the government's favorite idea
that by supporting his initiative in the mat-
ter of large ships we should give proof of
our good will and considerably strengthen and
increase the tendency on the part 9! the
government to get in closer contact with us.
But, as I have said, it was possible in spite
of our fleet and without naval holidays to
come to rn nnd'>rsit8P<1'ng'.
"In that snirit I h.-><! carried out my mis-
•ion from the beginning, and had even suc-
ceeded in realizing my program when the war
broke out and destroyed everything.
'.'Trade jealousy, so much talked about
among us, rests on faulty judgment of cir-
cumstances. It is a fact that Germany's
progress as a trading country after the war
of 1870 and during the following decades
threatened the interests of British trade cir-
cles, constituting a form of monopoly with
its industry and export houses. But the
growing interchange of merchandise with Ger-
many, which was first on the list of all Euro-
pean exporting countries, a fact I always re-
ferred to in my public speeches, had allowed
the desire to mature to preserve good rela-
lions with England's best client and business
friend, and had gradually suppressed all other
thoughts and motives. The Englishman, as a
matter of fact, adapts himself to circumstances
and does not tilt against windmills. In com-
mercial circles I found the greatest good will
and desire to further our common economic
interests.
"In other circles I had a most amiable re-
ception, and enjoyed the cordial good will of
the court, society and the government.
King George Well Disposed.
"The king, very amiable and well meaning
and possessed of sound understanding and
common sense, was invariably well disposed
toward me and desired honestly to facilitate
my mission. In spite of the small amount
of power which the British constitution gives
the crown, the king can, by virtue of his
position, greatly influence the tone both of
society and the government. The crown is
the apex of society from which the tone
emanates. Society, which is overwhelmingly
unionist, is largely occupied by ladies con-
nected with politics. It is represented in the
lords and the commons, consequently also in
the cabinet.
"The Englishman either belongs to society
or ought to belong to it. His aim is, and
always will be, to be a distinguished man and
a gentleman, and even men of modest origin,
such as Mr. Asquith, prefer to be in society,
with its elegant women.
"British gentlemen of both parties enjoy the
same education, go to the same colleges and
university, and engage in the same sports —
golf, cricket, lawn tennis and polo. All have
played cricket and football in their youth,
all have the same habits and all spend the
week-end in the country. No social cleavage
divides the parties, only political cleavage.
To some extent of late years the politicians
in the two camps have avoided one another
in society. Not even on the ground of a
neutral mission could the two camps be
amalgamated, for since the home rule and
veto bills the unionists have despised the radi-
cals. A few months after my arrival the
king and queen dined with me, and Lord
Londonderry left the house after dinner in
order not to be together with Sir Edward
Grey. But there is no opposition from differ-
ence in caste and education as in France.
There are not two worlds, but the same world,
and their opinion of a foreigner is common
and not without influence on his political
standing, whether a Lansdowne or an Asquith
is at the helm.
"The difference of caste no longer exists in
England since the time of the Stuarts and
since the Whig oligarchy (in contradistinction
to the tory county families) allowed the bour-
geoisie in the towns to rise in society. There
is greater difference in political opinions on
constitutional or church questions than on
financial or political questions. Aristocrats
who have joined the popular party, radicals
such as Grey. Churchill, Harcourt and Crewe.
are most hated by the unionist aristocracy.
None of these gentlemen have I ever met in
great aristocratic houses, only in the houses
of party friends.
"We were received in London with open
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
343
arms and both parties outdid one another in
amiability.
"It would be a mistake to undervalue social
connections in view of the close, connection
in England between society and politics, even
though the majority of the upper ten thou-
sand are in opposition to the government.
Between an Asquith and a Devonshire there
Is no such deep cleft as between a Briand
and a Due de Doudeauyille, for example. In
times of political tension they do not fore-
gather. They belong to two separate social
groups, but are part of the same society,
if on different levels, the center of which is
the court. They have friends and habits in
common: they are often related or connected.
A phenomenon like Lloyd George, a man of
the people, a small solicitor and a self-made
man. is an exception. Even John Burns, a
socialist labor leader and a self-taught man.
seeks society relations. On the ground of a
general striving to be cpnsidered gentlemen of
social weight and position such men must
not be undervalued.
"In no place, consequently, is an envoy s
social circle of greater consequence than in
England. A hospitable house with friendly
guests is worth more than the profoundest
scientific knowledge, and a learned man of in-
significant appearance and too small means
would, in spite of all his learning, acquire no
influence. The Briton hates a bore and a
pedant. He leves a good fellow.
Grey and Asquith.
"Sir Edward Grey's influence in all ques-
tions of foreign policy was almost unlimited.
True, he used to say on important occasions,
'I must lay that before the cabinet.' but it is
equally true that the latter invariably took
his view. Although he did not know foreign
countries and, with the exception of one short
visit to Paris, had never left England, he
was closely informed on all important ques-
tions, owing to many years' parliamentary
experience and natural grasp. He understood
French without speaking it. Elected at an
early age to parliament, he began immediately
to occupy himself with foreign affairs. Par-
liamentary undersecretary of state at the
foreign office under Lord Rosebery, he be-
came in 1906 secretary of state under Sir
Henry Campbell-Bannerman, and filled the post
for ten years.
"Sprung from an old north of England
family of landowners, from whom the states-
man Earl Grey is also descended, he joined
the left wing of his party and sympathized
with the socialists and pacifists. He can be
called a socialist in the ideal sense, for he
applied his theories even in private life,
which is characterized by great simplicity and
unpretentiousness, although he is possessed
of considerable means. All display is foreign
to him. He had a small residence in London
and never gave dinners, except officially, at
the foreign office on the king's birthday. If,
exceptionally, he asked a few guests to his
house, it was to a simple dinner or luncheon
in a small circle with parlor maids for
service. The week-ends he spent regularly
in the country, like his colleagues, but not
at large cpuntry house parties. He lives
mostly in his cottage in the-,New Forest, tak-
ing long walks, and is passionately fond of
nature and ornithology. Or he journeyed to
his property in the north and tamed squir-
rels. In his youth he was a noted cricket
and tennis player. His chief sport is now
salmon and trout fishing in the Scotch lakes
with Lord Glenconner, Mr. Asquith's brother-
in-law. Once, when spending his week-ends
with Lord Glenconner, he came thirty miles
on a bicycle and returned in the same way.
His simple, upright manner insured him the
esteem even of his opponents, who were more
easily to be found in home than in foreign
political circles.
"Lies and intrigue were foreign to his
nature. His wife, whom he loved and from
whom he was never separated, died as the
result of an accident to the carriage driven by
him. As is known, one brother was killed by
a lion.
"Wordsworth was his favorite poet, and he
could quote him by the hour. His British
calm did not lack a sense of humor. When
breakfasting with us and the children , and
he heard their German conversation, he would
say, 'I cannot help admiring the way they
talk German,' and laughed at his joke. This
is the man who was called 'the Liar Grey'
and the 'originator of the world war.'
"Asquith is a man of quite different mold.
A jovial, sociable fellow, a friend of the
ladies, especially young and beautiful ones,
he loves cheery surroundings and a good
cook,- and is supported by a cheery young
wife. He was formerly a well-known lawyer,
with a large income and many years' parlia-
mentary experience. Later he was known as
a minister under Gladstone, a pacifist like
his friend Grey, and friendly to an under-
standing with Germany. He treated all ques-
tions with an experienced business man's
calm and certainty, and enjoyed good health
and excellent nerves, steeled by assiduous
golf.
"His daughters went to a German boarding
school and speak fluent German. We quickly
became good friends with him and his family,
and were guests at his little house on the
Thames.
"He only rarely occupied himself with for-
eign affairs. When important questions
cropped up. with him lay the ultimate deci-
sion. During the critical days of July Asquith
often came to warn us, and he was ultimately
in despair over the tragic turn of events.
On Aug. 2, when I saw Asquith in order to
make a final attempt, he was completely
broken, and although quite calm, tears ran
down his face.
The Serbian Crisis.
"At the end of June, 1914, I proceeded to
Kiel by order of the kaiser. A few weeks
before I had been given the honorary degree
of doctor at Oxford, a distinction conferred
upon no German ambassador since Herr von
Bunsen. On board the Meteor [the kaiser's
yacht] we heard of the death of the arch-
duke, the heir to the Austrian throne. His
majesty expressed regret that his efforts to
win the archduke over to his ideas had thus
been rendered vain. Whether the plan of
pursuing an active policy against Serbia had
already been determined upon at Konopischt
I cannot know.
"As I was uninformed about views and
events at Vienna, I attached no far-reaching
importance to this event. Not until later was
I able to establish the fact that among the
Austrian aristocrats a feeling of relief out-
weighed other sentiments. One of his majesty's
other guests on board the Meteor was an
Austrian, Count Felix Thun. Although the
weather was splendid, he lay all the time in
his cabin, suffering from seasickness. When
the news arrived he was well: he had been
cured either by the shock or by joy.
"When I arrived in Berlin I saw the im-
perial chancellor and said to him that I
regarded our foreign situation as very satis-
factory, since our relations with England
were better than they had been for a very
long time past. I also remarked that a
pacifist ministry was in power in France.
"Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg seemed not
to share my optimism, and he complained
about Russian armaments. I tried to calm
him and insisted especially that Russia had
no interest in attacking us, and that such
an attack would, moreover, never obtain the
support of England and France, as both coun-
tries wanted peace.
"I then went to Dr. Zimmermann [the under-
secretary], who was representing Herr von
Jagow [foreign secretary], and from him I
learned that Russia was about to raise 900,-
344
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
000 fresh tropps. His words showed an un-
mistakable animosity against Russia, who. he
said, was everywhere in our way. Difficulties
about commercial policy were also involved.
Of course I was not told that Gen. von
Moltke [chief of the general staff] was press-
ing1 for war. I learned, however, that Herr
von Tschirschky [German ambassador in
Vienna] had received a rebuke because he
reported that he had advised moderation in
Vienna toward Serbia.
"I went to Silesia and on my way back to
London I spent only a few hours in Berlin,
where I heard that Austria intended to pro-
ceed against Serbia in order to put an end
to an intolerable state of affairs.
"Unfortunately I underestimated at the
moment the importance of the news. I
thought that nothing would come of it. after
all. and that, if Russia threatened, the trouble
could easily be composed. Now I regret that
1 did not stay in Berlivi and say at once that
I would have no share in any such policy.
"Subsequently I learned that at the de-
cisive conversation at Potsdam on July 5
the inquiry addressed to us by Vienna found
absolute assent among all the personages in
authority; indeed, they added that there
would be no harm if a war with Russia were
to result. So. at any rate, it is stated in the
Austrian protocol which Count Mensdorf. Aus-
trian ambassador, received in London. Soon
afterward Herr von Jagow was in Vienna to
discuss everything with Count Berchtold. Aus-
trian foreign minister.
"Sir Arthur Nicolson and Sir William Tyrrell
had the greatest influence in the foreign
office. The former was not our friend, but
his attitude toward me was consistently cor-
rect and obliging. Our personal relations were
of the best. Neither did he wish for war,
but when we moved against France he un-
doubtedly worked for immediate intervention.
He was the confidant of my French colleague
and was in constant touch with him. and was
destined to succeed Lord Bertie in Paris. As
is known. Sir Arthur was formerly ambassador
in St. Petersburg and had concluded the treaty
of 1907, which enabled Russia to turn again
to the west and the near east.
"Sir Edward Grey's private secretary. Sir
William Tyrrell, had far greater influence than
the permanent undersecretary of state. This
unusually intelligent man had been at a school
in Germany and had then entered the diplo-
matic service, but he was abroad only a short
time. At first he belonged to the modern
anti-German school of young English diplo-
mats, but later he became a determined sup-
porter of an understanding. To this aim and
object he even influenced Sir Edward Grey,
with whom he was very intimate. After the
outbreak of war he left the department and
went to the home office, probably in conse-
quence of criticism of him for his German-
ophile leanings.
Plots Against Licfinowsky.
"The rage of certain gentlemen over my suc-
cess in London and the position I had achieved
was indescribable. Schemes were set on foot
to impede my carrying out my duties. I was
left in complete ignorance of most important
things, and I had to confine myself to send-
ing in unimportant and dull reports. Secret
reports from agents about things of which 1
could know nothing without spies and neces-
sary funds were never available for me, and
it was only in the last days of July. 1914.
that I heard accidentally from the naval
attache of the secret Anglo-French agreement
for joint action of the two fleets in case of
war.
"After my arrival I became convinced that
in no circumstances need we fear a British
attack or British support of a foreign attack,
but that under all conditions England would
protect France. I advanced this opinion in
repeated reports with detailed reasoning and
insistence, but without gaining credence, al-
though Lord Haldane's refusal of the formula
of neutrality and England's attitude during the
Morocco crisis were clear indications. In ad-
dition the above-mentioned secret agreements
were known to the department.
"I repeatedly urged that England as a com-
mercial state would suffer greatly in any
war between the European great powers, and
would therefore prevent such a war by all
available means, but, on the other hand, in
the interest of the European balance of power
and to prevent Germany's overlordship would
never tolerate the weakening or destruction of
France. Lord Haldane told me this shortly
after my arrival. All influential people spoke
in the same way.
"I then received instructions that I was to
induce the English press to take up a friendly
attitude if Austria gave the 'death blow' to
the great Serbian movement, and as far as
possible I was by my influence to prevent
public opinion from opposing Austria. Recol-
lections of the attitude of England during the
annexation crisis, when public opinion showed
sympathy for the Serbian rights in Bosnia,
recollections also of the benevolent promotion
of national movements in the time of Lord
Byron and Garibaldi— these and other things
spoke so strongly against the probability of
support being given to the projected punitive
expedition against the murderers that I con-
sidered it necessary to give an urgent warn-
ing. But I also gave a warning against the
whole project, which I described as adven-
turous and dangerous, and I advised that mod-
eration should be recommended to the Aus-
trians, because I did not believe in the local-
ization of the conflict.
"Herr von Jagow answered me that Russia
was not ready: there would doubtless be a
certain amount of bluster, but the more
firmly we stood by Austria the more would
Russia draw back. He said that Austria was
already accusing us of want of spirit, and that
we should not squeeze her. On the other
hand, feeling in Russia was becoming ever
more anti-German, and so we must simply
risk it.
"This attitude, as I learned later, was based
upon reports from Count Pourtales [German
ambassador in Petrograd] to the effect that
Russia would not move in any circumstances:
these reports caused us to stimulate Count
Berchtold to the greatest possible energy. Con-
sequently I hoped for salvation from an Eng-
lish mediation, because I knew Sir Edward
Grey's influence in Petrograd could be turned
to use in favor of peace. So I used my
friendly relations with Sir Edward Grey, and
in confidence begged him to advise modera-
tion in Russia if Austria, as it seemed, de-
manded satisfaction from the Serbs.
"At first the attitude of the English press
was calm and friendly to the Austrians, be-
cause the murder was condemned. But gradu-
ally more and more voices were heard to in-
sist that, however necessary the punishment
of the crime, an exploitation of the crime for
political purposes could not be justified. Aus-
tria was strongly urged to show moderation.
Ultimatum Condemned.
"When the ultimatum appeared all the news-
papers, with the exception of the Standard,
which was always in low water and appar-
ently was paid by the Austrians, were at one
in their condemnation. The whole world, ex-
cept in Berlin and Vienna, understood that it
meant war, and indeed world war. The British
fleet, which chanced to be assembled for a
review, was not demobilized.
"At first I pressed for as conciliatory an
answer as possible on the part of Serbia, since
the attitude of the Russian government left
no further doubt of the seriousness of the
situation.
"The Serbian reply was in accordance with
British efforts; M. Pashitch had actually ac-
cepted everything except two points, about
which he declared his readiness to negotiate.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
345
It Russia and England had wanted war. in
order to fall upon us, a hint to Belgrade
would have been sufficient, and the unheard-of
[Austrian] note would have remained un-
answered.
"Sir Edward Grey went through the Serbian
reply with me and pointed to the conciliatory
attitude of the government at Belgrade. We
then discussed his mediation proposal, which
was to arrange an interpretation of the two
points acceptable to both parties. M. Cambon
[French ambassador in London], the Marquis
Imperial! [Italian ambassador in London] and
I should have met under Sir Edward Grey's
presidency, and it would have been easy to
find an acceptable form for the disputed
points, which in the main concerned the par-
ticipation of Austrian officials in the investi-
gation at Belgrade. Given good will, every-
thing could have been settled in one or two
sittings, and the mere acceptance of the
British proposal would have relieved the ten-
sion and would have further improved our
relations to England. I urgently recommended
the proposal, saying that otherwise world
war was imminent, in which we had every-
thing to Jose and nothing to gain. In vain !
I was told that it was against the dignity of
Austria and that we did not want to in-
terfere in the Serbian business, but left it to
our ally. I was told to work for 'localization
of the conflict."
"Of course it would only have needed a
hint from Berlin to make Count Berchtold
satisfy himself with a diplomatic success and
put UP with the Serbian reply. But this hint
was not given. On the contrary, we pressed
for war. What a fine success it would have
been I
"After our refusal Sir Edward asked tfs to
come forward with a proposal of our own.
We insisted upon war. I could get no other
answer [from Berlin] than that it was an
enormous 'concession' on the part of Austria
to contemplate no annexation of territory.
"Thereupon Sir Edward justly pointed out
that even- without annexations of territory a
country can be humiliated and subjected, and
that Russia would regard this as a humilia-
tion which she would not stand.
"The impression became ever stronger that
we desired war in all circumstances. Other-
wise our attitude in a question which, after
all, did not directly concern us was unintelli-
gible. The urgent appeals and definite decla-
rations of M. Sazonoff [Russian foreign min-
ister], later on the positively humble tele-
grams of the czar, the repeated proposals of
Sir Edward, the warnings of San Giuliano
(Italian foreign minister] and of Bollati
[Italian ambassador in Berlin], my Urgent
advices-it was all of no use, for Berlin went
on insisting that Serbia must be massacred.
"The more I pressed, the less willing they
were to alter their course, if only because I
was not to have the success of saving peace
in the company of Sir Edward Grey.
"So Grey on July 29 resolved upon his well-
known warning. I replied that I had always
reported that we should have to reckon upon
English hostility if it came to war with
France. The minister said to me repeatedly :
'If war breaks out it will be the greatest
catastrophe the world has ever seen."
"After that events moved rapidly. When
Count Berchtold, who hitherto had played
the strong man on instructions from Berlin,
at last decided to change his course, we
answered the Russian mobilization — after Rus-
sia had for a whole week negotiated and
waited in vain — with our ultimatum and dec-
laration of war.
"Sir Edward Grey still looked for new ways
of escape. In the morning of Aug. 1 Sir W.
Tyrrell came to me to say that his chief still
hoped to find a way out. Should we remain
neutral if France did the same? I understood
him to mean that we should then be ready to
spare France, but his meaning was that we
should remain absolutely neutral— neutral there-
fore even toward Russia. That was the well-
known misunderstanding. Sir Edward had
given me an appointment for the afternoon,
but as he was then at a meeting of the
cabinet he called me up on the telephone
after Sir W. Tyrrell had hurried straight to
him. But in the afternoon he spoke no
longer of anything but Belgian neutrality and
of the possibility that we and France should
face one another armed, without attacking
one another.
"Thus there- was no proposal whatever, but
a question without any obligation, because
our conversation, as I have already explained,
was to take place soon afterward. In Berlin,
however — without waiting for the conversation
— this news was used as the foundation for a
far-reaching act. Then came Poincare's letter,
Bpnar Law's letter and the telegram from the
king of the Belgians. The hesitating members
of the cabinet were converted, with the ex-
ception of three members, who resigned.
"Up to the last moment I had hoped for a
waiting attitude on the part of England. My
French colleague also felt himself by no
means secure, .as I learned from a private
source. As late as Aug. 1 the king replied
evasively to the French president. But in
the telegram from Berlin which announced
the threatening danger of war England was
already mentioned as an opponent. In Berlin,
therefore, one already reckoned upon war
with. England.
Diplomat Honored.
"Before my departure Sir Edward Grey re-
ceived me on Aug. 6 at his house. I had
gone, there at his desire. He was deeply
moved. He said to me that he would always
be ready to mediate, and 'We don't want to
crush Germany.' Unfortunately this confi-
dential conversation was published. Thereby
Heir von Bethmann-Hollweg destroyed the
last possibility of reaching- peace via England.
"Our departure was thoroughly dignified and
calm. Before we left, the king had sent his
equerry. Sir E. Ponsonby, to me to express
his regret at my departure and that he could
not see me personally. Princess Louise wrote'
to me that the whole family lamented our
going. Mrs. Asquith and other friends came
to the embassy to say good-by.
"A special train took us to Harwich, where
a guard of honor was drawn up for me. I
was treated like a departing sovereign. Thus
ended my London mission. It was wrecked
not by the perfidy of the British but by the
perfidy of our policy.
"At the railway station in London Count
Mensdorff [Austrian ambassador] appeared
with his staff. He was cheerful, and gave me
to understand that perhaps he would remain
in London. But to the English he said that
it was not Austria, but we, who had wanted
the war.
Looking Backward.
"When now, after two years, I realize every-
thing in retrospect, I say to myself that I
realized too late that there was no place for
me in a system which for years has lived only
on tradition and routine, and which tolerates
only, representatives who report what one
wants to read. Absence of prejudice and an
independent judgment are combated, want of
ability and of character are extolled and
esteemed, but successes arouse hostility and
uneasiness.
"I had abandoned opposition to our mad
triple alliance policy, because I saw that it
was useless and that my warnings were rep-
resented as Austrophobia and an idee fixe.
In a policy which is not mere gymnastics or
playing with documents, but the conduct of
the business of the firm, there is no such
thing as likes and dislikes: there is nothing
but the interest of the community: but a
policy which is based merely upon Austrians.
Magyars and Turks must end in hostility to
Russia and ultimately lead to a catastrophe.
"In spite of former aberrations, everything
346
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
was still possible in July, 1914. Agreement
with England had been reached. We should
have had to send to Petersburg- a representa-
tive who, at any rate, reached the average
standard oi political ability, and we should
have had to give Russia the certainty that
we desired neither to dominate the straits nor
to throttle the Serba. M. Sazonoff was say-
ing: to us: 'Lachez 1'Autriche et nous lache-
rons les Francais.' and M. Cambon [French
ambassador in Berlin] said to Heir von Jagow:
'Vous n'avez pas besoin de suivre 1'Autriche
partout.'
"We needed neither alliances nor wars, but
merely treaties which would protect us and
others, and which would guarantee us an eco-
nomic development for which there had been
no precedent in history. And if Russia had
been relieved ol trouble in the west she
would have been able to turn again to the
east, and then the Anglo-Russian antagonism
would have arisen automatically without our
interference — and the Russo-Japanese antag-
onism no less than the Anglo-Russian.
"We could also have approached the question
of limitation of armaments, and should have
had no further need to bother about the con-
fusions of Austria. Austria-Hungary would
then become the vassal of the German empire
— without an alliance, and, above all, without
sentimental services on our part, leading ul-
timately to war for the liberation of Poland
and the destruction of Serbia, although Ger-
man interests demanded exactly the contrary.
"I had to support in London a policy which
I knew to be fallacious. I was punished for
it, for it was a sin against the Holy Ghost.
"On my arrival in Berlin I saw at once that
I was to be made the scapegoat for the catas-
trophe of which our government had made
itself guilty in opposition to my advice and
my warnings.
"The report was persistently circulated by
official quarters that I had let myself be de-
ceived by Sir Edward Grey, because if he had
not wanted war Russia would not have mobi-
lized. Count Pourtales, whose reports could
.be relied upon, was to be spared, if only be-
cause of his family connections. He was said
to have behaved 'splendidly,' and he was en-
thusiastically praised, while I was all the
more sharply blamed.
"'What has Russia got to do with Serbia?'
this statesman said to me after eight years
of official activity in Petersburg. It was made
out that the whole business was a perfidious
British trick which I had not understood. In
the foreign office I was told that in 1916 it
would in any case have come to war. But
then Russia would have been 'ready,' and so
it was better now. ,
Proofs of German Guilt.
"As appears from all official publications,
without the facts being controverted by our
own white book, which, owing to its poverty
and gaps, constitutes a grave self -accusation :
"1. We encouraged Count Berchtold to at-
tack Serbia, although no German interest was
involved, and the danger of a world war must
have been known to us-^whether we knew the
text of the ultimatum is a question of com-
plete indifference.
"2. In the days between July 23 and July
30, 1914, when M. Sazonoff emphatically de-
clared that Russia could not tolerate an at-
tack upon Serbia, we rejected the British pro-
posals of mediati9n. although Serbia, under
Russian and British pressure, had accepted
almost the whole ultimatum, and although
an agreement about the two points in ques-
tion could easily have been reached, and
Count Berchtold was even ready to satisfy
himself with the Serbian reply.
"3. On July 30. when Count Berchtold
wanted to give way, we, without Austria
having been attacked, replied to Russia's mere
mobilization by sending an ultimatum to
Petersburg, and on July 31 we declared war
on the Russians, although the czar had
pledged his word that as long as negotiations
continued not a man should march — so that
we deliberately destroyed the possibility of a
peaceful settlement.
"In view of these indisputable facts, it is
not surprising that the whole civilized world
outside Germany attributes to us the sole
g-uilt for the world war.
"Is it not intelligible that our enemies de-
clare that they will not rest until a system
is destroyed which constitutes a permanent
threatening of our neighbors? Must they not
otherwise fear that in a few years they will
again have to take up arms, and again see
their provinces overrun and their towns and
villages destroyed? Were these people not
right who prophesied that the spirit of
Treitschke and Bernhardi dominated the Ger-
man people — the spirit which glorifies war
as an aim in itself and does not abhor it as
an evil; that among us it ic still the feudal
knights and junkers and the caste of warriors
who rule and who fix our ideals and our
values — not the civilian gentlemen: that the
love of dueling, which inspires our youth at
the universities, lives on in those who guide
the fortunes of the people? Had not the
events at Zabern and the parliamentary de-
bates on that case shown foreign countries
how civil rights and freedoms are valued
among us, when questions of military power
are on the other side?
"Cramb, a historian who has since died, an
admirer of Germany, put the German point of
view into the words of Euphorion:
Traumt Ihr den Friedenstag?
Traume. wer traumen mag !
Krieg ist das Lpsungswort I
Sieg, und so klingt es fort.
"Militarism, really a school for the nation
and an instrument of policy, makes policy
into the instrument of military power, if the
patriarchal absolutism of a soldier-kingdom
renders possible an attitude which would not
be permitted by a democracy which had dis-
engaged itself from military-junker influences.
"That is what our enemies think, and that
is what they are bound to think, when they
see that, in spite of capitalistic industrializa-
tion, and in spite of socialistic organization,
the living, as Friedrich Nietzsche says, are
still governed by the dead. The principal
war aim of our enemies, the democratization
of Germany, will be achieved.
"To-day, after two years of the war, there
can be no further doubt that we cannot hope
for an unconditional victory over Russians.
English, French, Italians, Roumanians and
Americans, and that we cannot reckon upon
the overthrow of our enemies. But we can
reach a compromised peace only upon the
basis of the evacuation of the occupied terri-
tories, the possession of which in any case
signifies for us a burden and weakness and
the peril of new wars. Consequently, every-
thing should be avoided which hinders a
change of course on the part of. those enemy
groups which might perhaps still be won over
to the idea of compromise — the British radi-
cals and the Russian reactionaries. Even from
this point of view our Polish project is just
as objectionable as any interference with Bel-
gian rights or the execution of British citi-
zens— to say nothing of the mad submarine
war scheme.
"Our future lies upon the water. True, but
it therefore does not lie in Poland and Belgium,
in France and Serbia. That is a reversion to
the Holy Roman empire, to the aberrations
of the Hohenstaufens and Hapsburgs. It is
the policy of the Plantagenets, not the policy
of Drake and Raleigh, Nelson and Rhodes.
"Triple alliance policy is a relapse into the
past, a revolt from the future, from imperial-
ism, from world policy. Central Europe is
medievalism; Berlin- Bagdad is a cul de sac
and not a road into the open, to unlimited
possibilities and to the world mission of the
German people.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
347
"I am no enemy of Austria, or Hungary, or
Italy, or Serbia, or any other state; I am
only an enemy of the triple alliance policy,
which was bound to divert us from our aims.
and to bring- us on to the sloping' plane of
continental policy. It was not German policy,
but Austrian dynastic policy. The Austrians
had accustomed themselves to regard the alli-
ance as a shield, under whose protection they
could make excursions at pleasure into the east.
"And what result have we to expect from
the struggle of peoples? The United States of
Africa will be British, like the United States
of America, of Australia, and of Oceania:
and the Latin states of Europe, as I said
years ago. will fall into the same relationship
to the united kingdom as the Latin sisters
of America to the United States. They will
be dominated by the Anglo-Saxon: France, ex-
hausted by the war, will link herself still
more closely to Great Britain. In the long
run, Spain also will not resist.
"In Asia, the Russian and Japanese will ex-
pand their borders and their customs, and the
south will remain to the British.
"The world will belong to the Anglo-Saxon,
the Russian and the Japanese, and the Ger-
man will remain alone with Austria and Hun-
gary. His sphere of power will be that of
thought and of trade, not that of the bureau-
crats and the soldiers. The German appeared
too late, and the world war has destroyed the
last possibility of catching up the lost ground,
of founding a colonial empire.
"For we shall not supplant the sons of
Japheth: the program of the great Rhodes.
who saw the salvation of mankind in British
expansion and British imperialism will be
realized.
Tu regere imperio populos Romano, memento.
Hse tibi erunt artes; pacisque imponere morem,
Parcere subjectis et debellare superbos."
DR. MUHLON'S DISCLOSURES.
Simultaneously with the publication of the
Lichnowsky memorandum there appeared a
letter written by a certain Dr. Muhlon, a for-
mer member of the Krupp directorate, living
in Switzerland. This letter, which corrob-
orated the former ambassador's charges in the
strongest manner, was written in November,
1917, and published in the Berliner Tageblatt
in March, 1918. A translation follows:
"In the middle of July, 1914, I had, as I
frequently had, a conversation with Dr. Helf-
ferich, then director of the Deutsche bank in
Berlin, and now vice-chancellor. The Deutsche
bank had adopted a negative attitude toward
certain larsre transactions in Bulgaria and Tur-
key, in which the firm of Krupp, for busi-
ness reasons— delivery of war material — had a
lively interest. As one of the reasons to
justify the attitude of the Deutsche bank. Dr.
Helfferich finally gave me the following rea-
son:
" 'The political situation has become very
menacing. The Deutsche bank must in any
case wait before entering into any further
engagements abroad. The Austrians have
just been with the kaiser. In a week's time
Vienna will send a very severe ultimatum to
Serbia, with a very short interval for the
answer. The ultimatum will contain demands
such as punishment of a number of officers,
dissolution of political associations, criminal
investigations in Serbia by Austrian officials,
and, in fact, a whole series of definite satisfac-
tions will be demanded at once: otherwise
Austria-Hungary will declare war on Serbia.'
"Dr. Helfferich added that the kaiser had
axpressed his decided approval of this pro-
cedure on the part of Austria-Hungary. He
had said that he regarded a conflict with Ser-
bia as an internal affair between these two
zountries, in which he would permit no other
state to interfere. If Russia mobilized, he
would mobilize also. But in his case mobiliza-
tion meant immediate war. This time there
would be no oscillation. Helfferich said that
the Austrians were extremely well satisfied
at this determined attitude on the part of the
kaiser.
"When I thereupon said to Dr. Helfferich
that this uncanny communication converted
my fears of a world war, which were already
strong, into absolute certainty, he replied that
it certainly, looked like that. But perhaps
France and Russia would reconsider the mat-
ter. In any case, the Serbs deserved a lesson
which they would remember. This was the
first intimation that I had received about the
kaiser's discussions with our allies. I knew
Dr. Helfferich's particularly intimate relations
with the personages who were sure to be
initiated, and I knew that his communication
was trustworthy.
Emperor William for War.
"After my return from Berlin I informed
Herr Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach. one of
whose directors I then was at Essen. Dr.
Helflerich had given me permission, and at
that time the intention was to make him a
director of Krupps. Herr von Bohlen seemed
disturbed that Dr. Helfferich was in possession
of such information, and he made a remark
to the effect that the government people could
never keep their mouths shut. He then told
me the following: He said that he had him-
self been with the kaiser in the last few
days. The kaiser had spoken to him also
of his conversation with the Austrians. and
of its result: but he had described the mat-
ter as so secret that he (Krupp) would not
even have dared to inform his own directors.
As. however, I already knew, he could tell
me that Helfferich's statements were accurate.
Indeed, Helfferich seemed to know more de-
tails than he did. He said that the situation
was really very serious. The kaiser had told
him that he would declare war immediately
if Russia mobilized, and that this time peo-
ple would see that he did not turn about.
The kaiser's repeated insistence that this time
nobody would be able to accuse him of in-
decision had. he said, been almost comic in
its effect.
Cruise a Blind.
"On the very day indicated to me by Helf-
ferich the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia ap-
peared. At' this time I was again in Berlin,
and I told Helfferich that I regarded the tone
and contents of the ultimatum as simply
monstrous. Dr. Helfferich. however, said that
the note only had that ring in the German
translation. He had seen the ultimatum in
French, and in French it really could not
be regarded as pverdone. On this occasion
Helfferich also said to me that the kaiser had
gone on his northern cruise only as a 'blind':
he had not arranged the cruise on the usual
extensive scale, but was remaining close at
hand and keeping in constant touch. Now one
must simply wait and see what would hap-
pen. The Austrians. who, of course, did not
expect the ultimatum to be accepted, were
really acting rapidly before the other powers
could find time to interfere. The Deutsche
bank had already made its arrangements, so
as to be prepared for all eventualities. For
example, it was no longer paying out the gold
which came in. That could easily be done
without attracting notice, and the amount
day by day reached considerable sums.
"Immediately after the Vienna ultimatum
to Serbia the German government issued dec-
larations to the effect that Austria-Hungary
had acted all alone, without Germany's previ-
ous knowledge. When one attempted to recon-
cile these declarations with the events men-
tioned above, the only possible explanation
was that the kaiser had tied himself down
without inviting the co-operation of his gov-
ernment, and that, in the conversations with
the Austrians, the Germans took care not to
agree upon the text of the ultimatum. For I
have already shown that the contents of the
ultimatum were pretty accurately known in
348
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOE 1919.
Germany. Herr Krupp von Bohlen. with whom
I spoke about these German declarations —
which, at any rate in their effect, were lies —
was also by no means edified. For, as he
said. Germany oug-ht not, in such a tremen-
dous affair, to have given a blank check to a
state like Austria: and it was the duty ol the
leading1 statesmen to demand, both of the
kaiser and of our allies, that the Austrian
claims and the ultimatum to Serbia should be
discussed in minute detail and definitely de-
cided upon, and also that we should decide
upon the precise program of our further pro-
ceeding's. He said that, whatever point of
view one took, we ought not to give ourselves
into the hands of the Austrians and expose our-
selves to eventualities which had not been
reckoned out in advance. One ought to have
connected appropriate conditions with our ob-
ligations. In short, Herr von Bohlen regarded
the German denial of previous knowledge, if
there was any trace of truth in it, as an
offense against the elementary principles of
diplomacy: and he told me that he intended
to speak in this sense to Herr von Jagow. then
foreign secretary, who was a special friend
of his.
"As a result of this conversation Heir von
Bohlen told me that Herr von Jagow stuck
firmly to his assertion that he had had noth-
ing to do with the text of the Austro-Hun-
garian ultimatum, and that Germany had
never made any such demands. In reply to
the objection that this was inconceivable.
Herr von Jagow replied that he, as a diplo-
matist, had naturally thought of making such
a demand. When, however, Herr von Jagow
was occupying himself with the matter and
was called in, the kaiser had so committed
himself that it was too late for any pro-
cedure according to diplomatic custom, and
there was nothing more to be done. The sit-
uation was such that it would have been im-
possible to intervene with drafting proposals.
In the end, he (Jagow) had thought that
noninterference would have its advantages —
namely, the good impression which could be
made in Petersburg and Paris with the German
declaration that Germany had not co-operated
in the preparation of the Vienna ultimatum."
Dr. Muhlon authorized the Humanite, a Paris
Socialist paper, through its Swiss correspond-
ent, to publish the following- letter which
he addressed from Bern, on May 7, 1917, to
Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg, then imperial
chancellor :
"However great the number and weight of
the mistakes accumulated on the German side
since the beginning of the war, I neverthe-
less persisted for a long time in the belief
that a belated foresight would at last dawn
upon the minds of our directors. It was with
this hope that I put myself to a certain ex-
tent at your disposal, in order to collaborate
with you in Roumania, and that I indicated
to you that I was disposed to help in Switzer-
land, where I am living at present, if the
object of our efforts was to be rapprochement
of the enemy parties. That I was, and that
I remain, hostile to any activity other than
reconciliation and restoration I proved soon
after the opening of hostilities by the definite
resignation of my directorship of Krupps'
works.
Grievous Crimes by Germany.
"But since the first days of 1917 I have
abandoned all hope as . regards the present
directors of Germany. Our offer of peace
without indication of our war aims, the ac-
centuation of the submarine war, the deporta-
tions of Belgians, the systematic destruction
in France and the torpedoing of English hos-
pital ships have so degraded the governors of
the German empire that I am profoundly con-
vinced that they are disqualified forever for
the elaboration and conclusion 9f a sincere and
just agreement. The personalities may change,
but they cannot remain the representatives
of the German cause.
"The German people will not be able to re-
pair the grievous crimes committed against
its own present and future, and against thai
of Europe and the whole human race until
it is represented by different men with a dif-
ferent mentality. To tell the truth, it is mere
justice that its reputation throughout the
whole world is as bad as it is. The triumph
of its methods — the methods by which it has
hitherto conducted the war both militarily
and politically — would constitute a defeat for
the ideas and the supreme hopes of mankind.
One has only to imagine that a people ex-
hausted, demoralized, or hating violence,
should consent to a peace with a government
which has conducted such a war, in order to
understand how the general level and the
chances of life of the peoples would remain
black and deceptive.
"As a man and as a German who desires
nothing but the welfare of the deceived and
tortured German people, I turn away definitely
from the present representatives of the Ger-
man regime. And I have only one wish —
that all independent men may do the same
and that many Germans may understand and
act.
"In view of the fact that it is impossible
for me at present to make any manifestation
before German public opinion, I have thought
it to be my absolute duty to inform your
excellency of my point of view."
VON JAGOW'S REPLY TO LICHNOWSKY.
Gottlieb E. G. von Jagow, German foreign
secretary when the war began, wrote a reply
to Prince Llchnowsky March 20, 1918, which
was almost as remarkable for its admissions
as were the disclosures in the ambassador's
memorandum. It follows:
"So far as possible I shall refrain from tak-
ing up the statements concerning the policy
obtaining before my administration of the
foreign office. I should like to make the
following remarks about the individual points
of the article:
"When I was named foreign secretary in
January. 1913. I regarded a German-English
rapprochement as desirable and also believed
an agreement attainable on the points where
our interests touched or crossed each other.
At all events, I wanted to try to work in
this sense. A principal point for us was the
Mesopotamia-Asia Minor question — the so-called
Bagdad policy — as this had become for us a
question of prestige. If England wanted to
force us out there it certainly appeared to
me that a conflict could hardly be avoided.
In Berlin I began, as soon as it was possible
to do so. to negotiate over the Bagdad rail-
road. We found a favdrable disposition on
the part of the English government, and the
result was the agreement that was almost com-
plete when the world war broke out.
"At the same time the negotiations over the
Portuguese colonies that had been begun by
Count Metternich (as German ambassador at
London), continued by Baron Marschall and
reopened by Prince Lichhowsky, were under
way. I intended to carve the way later for
further negotiations regarding other — for ex-
ample. East Asiatic — problems, when what was
in my opinion the most important problem,
that of the Bagdad railroad, should be settled,
and an atmosphere of more confidence thus
created. I also left the naval problem aside,
as it would have been difficult to have reached
an early agreement over that matter, after
past experiences.
"I can pass over the development of the
Albanian problem, as it occurred before my
term of office began. In general, however. I
would like to remark that such far-reaching
disinterestedness in Balkan questions as Prince
Lichnowsky proposes does not seem possible
to me. It would have contradicted the essen-
tial part of the alliancb if we had completely
ignored the really vital interests of our ally.
We, too, had demanded that Austria stand
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
349
by us at Algeciras, and at that time Italy's
attitude had caused serious resentment among1
us. Russia, although she had no interest at
all in Morocco, also stood by France. Finally,
it was our task, as the third member of. the
alliance, to support such measures as would
render possible a settlement of the divergent
interests of our allies and avoid a conflict
between them.
"It further appeared impossible to me not to
pursue a 'triple alliance policy' in matters
where the interests of the allied powers
touched each other. Then Italy would have
been driven entirely into line with the en-
tente in questions of the orient, and Austria
handed over to the mercy of Russia, and
the triple alliance would thus have really
gone to pieces. And we. too. would not have
been able to have looked after our interests
in the orient if we did not have some sup-
port. And even Prince Lichnowsky does not
deny that we had to represent great eco-
nomic interests right there. But to-day eco-
nomic interests are no longer to be sepa-
rated from political ones.
"That the people 'in Petrograd wanted to
see the sultan independent' is an assertion
that Prince Lichnowsky will hardly be able
to prove; it would contradict every tradition
of Russian policy. If we. furthermore, had
not had at our command the influence at
Constantinople founded by Baron Marschall, it
would hardly have been possible for us to
have defended our economic interests in Tur-
key in the desired way.
"When Prince Lichnowsky further asserts
that we only 'drove Russia, our natural
friend and best neighbor, into the arms of
France and England through our oriental and
Balkan policy* he is in conflict with the his-
torical facts. Only because Prince Gortschakoff
[Russian premier] was guiding Russian policy
toward a rapprochement with a France lust-
ing for revenge was Prince Bismarck induced
tp enter into the alliance with Austria-Hun-
gary; through the alliance with Roumania he
barred an advance of Russia toward the
south. Prince Lichnowsky condemns the
basic principles of Bismarck's policy. Our at-
tempts to draw closer to Russia went to
pieees-y-Bjorki proves it — or remained ineffect-
ive, like the so-called Potsdam agreement.
Also, Russia was not always our 'best neigh-
bor.' Under Queen Elizabeth, as at present,
she strove for possession of East Prussia to
extend her Baltic coasts and to insure her
domination of the Baltic. The Petrograd
wind9w' has gradually widened, so as to
take in Esthonia, Livonia, Courland and Fin-
land and reach after Aland. Poland was ar-
ranged to be a fleld over which to send
troops against us. Pan-Slavism, which was
dominating the Russian policy to an ever
greater degree, has positive anti-German tend-
encies.
"And we did not force Russia to drop 'her
policy of Asiatic expansion,' but only tried
to defend ourselves against her encroachments
in Euronean policy and her encircling of our
Austro-Hungarian ally.
"Just as little as Sir Edward Grey [British
foreign secretary] did we want war to come
over Albania. Therefore, in spite of our un-
happy experience at Algeciras, we agreed to
a C9nference. The credit of an 'attitude of
mediation' at the conference should not be
denied Sir Edward Grey; but that he 'by no
means placed himself on the side of the
entente* is. however, surely saying rather too
much. Certainly he often advised yielding in
Petrograd (as we did in Vienna) and found
'formulas of agreement." but in dealing with
the other side he represented the entente, be-
cause he. no less than ourselves, neither
would nor could abandon his associates.
That we. on the other hand, 'without excep-
tion, represented the standpoint dictated to
us from Vienna' is absolutely false. We, like
England, played a mediatory role, and also
in Vienna counseled far more yielding and
moderation than Prince Lichnowsky appears
to know about, or even to suggest. And then
Vienna made several far-reaching concessions
(Dibra, Djakowa). If Prince Lichnowsky,
who always wanted to be wiser than the
foreign office, and who apparently allowed
himself to be strongly influenced by the en-
tente statesmen, did not know this, he surely
ought not to make any false assertions now !
If, to be sure, the degree of yielding that was
necessary was reached in Vienna, we also nat-
urally had to represent the Austrian stand-
point at the conference. Ambassador Szogyeni
himself was not one of the extremists; in
Vienna they were by no means always sat-
isfied with his attitude. That the ambassa-
dor, with whom I was negotiating almost every
day, constantly sounded the refrain of casus
fosdieris is entirely unknown to me. It cer-
tainly is true that Prince Lichnowsky lor some
time already was not counted as a friend of
Austria in Vienna. Still complaints about
him came to my ears oftener from the side
of Marquis San Giuliano [Italian foreign min-
ister] than from the side of Count Berchtold
[Austro-Hungarian foreign minister]. King
Nicholas' seizure of Scutari constituted a
mockery of the entire conference and a snub
to all the powers taking part in it.
"Russia was by no means obliged 'to give
way to us all along the line:' on the con-
trary, she 'advanced the wishes of Serbia' in
several ways. Serbia even receiving some cities
and strips of territory that could have been
regarded as purely Albanian or preponder-
atingly so. Prince Lichnowsky says that 'the
course of the conference was a fresh humili-
ation for the self-consciousness of Russia' and
that there was a feeling of resentment in
Russia on that account. It cannot be the
task of our policy to satisfy all the unjusti-
fied demands of the exaggerated self-conscious-
ness of a power by no means friendly to us
at the cost of our ally. Russia has no vital
interests on the Adriatic, but our ally cer-
tainly has. If we, as Prince Lichnowsky
seems to wish, had flatly taken the same
stand as Russia, the result would have been
a humiliation for Austria-Hungary and thus
a weakening of our group. Prince Lichnowsky
seems only anxious that Russia be not humil-
iated; a humiliation of Austria is apparently
a matter of indifference to him.
"When Prince Lichnowsky says that our
'Austrophilie' was not adapted to 'promote
Russia's interests in Asia,' I don't exactly un-
derstand what this means. Following a dis-
astrous diversion toward East Asia — in the
Japanese war we had favored Russia with-
out even being thanked for it ! — Russia again
took up her policy directed toward the Euro-
pean orient (the Balkans and Constantinople)
with renewed impulse (the Balkan alliance,
Buchlau. Iswolsky, etc.) .
"Venizelos. the cunning Cretan with the
'ribbon of the Order of the Red Eagle.' evi-
dently knew how to throw a little sand into
the eyes of our ambassador. He, in contrast
to King Constantino and Theptoty, always was
pro-«ntente. His present attitude reveals his
feelings as clearly as can be. Herr Danef.
however, was entirely inclined toward Petro-
grad.
"That Count Berchtold displayed certain in-
clinations toward Bulgaria also in its dif-
ferences with Roumania is true: that we 'nat-
urally went with him' is, however, entirely
false. With our support. King Carol had the
satisfaction of the Bukharest peace. If, there-
fore, in the case of the Bukharest peace in
which we favored the wishes and interests
of Roumania. which was allied to us. our
policy deviated somewhat from that of Vienna,
the Austro-Hungarian cabinet certainly did
not believe — as Prince Lichnowsky asserts^—
that it 'could count upon our support in
case of its revision.' That Marquis San
Giuliano 'is said to have warned us already
in the summer oi 1913 from becoming in-
volved in a world war,' because at that time
360
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
in Austria 'the thought of a campaign
against Serbia' had found entrance, is entirely
unknown to me. Just as little do I know that
Herr von Tschirschky — who certainly was
rather pessimistic by nature — is said to have
declared in the spring1 of 1914 that there soon
would be war. Therefore, I was just as
ignorant of the 'important happenings' that
Prince Lichnowsky here suspects as he was
himself! Such events as the English visit to
Paris— Sir Edward Grey's first to the con-
tinent— surely must have been known to the
ambassador, and we informed him about the
secret Anglo-Russian naval agreement: to be
sure, he did not want to believe it !
"In the matter of Liman von Sanders, we
made a far-reaching concession to Russia by
renouncing the general's power of command
over Constantinople. I will admit that this
point of the agreement over the military mis-
sion was not opportune politically.
"When Prince Lichnowsky boasts of hav-
ing succeeded in giving a treaty a form cor-
responding to our wishes, this credit must
not be denied him. although it certainly re-
quired strong pressure on several occasions to
induce him to represent some of our desires
with more emphasis.
"When Prince Lichnowsky says that he re-
ceived the authorization definitely to con-
clude the treaty, after he previously asserts
that 'the treaty was consequently dropped.'
this contains a contradiction which we may
let the prince straighten out. Lichnowsky's
assertion, however, that we delayed publication
because the treaty would have been 'a public
success' for him that we begrudged him. is
an unheard-of insinuation that can only be
explained through his self-centered conception
of things. The treaty would have lost its
practical and moral effect — one of its main
objects was to create a good atmosphere be-
tween us and England— if its publication had
been greeted with violent attacks upon 'per-
fidious Albion" in our Anglophobe press and
in our parliament. And there is no doubt
that, in view of our internal position at
that time, this is what the simultaneous pub-
lication of the so-called Windsor treaty would
have caused. And the howl about English
perfidy that the internal contradiction be-
tween the text of the Windsor treaty and our
treaty would doubtless have called forth
would hardly have been stilled in the minds
of our public through the assurance of Eng-
lish bona fides.
"With justified precaution, we intended to
allow the publication to be made only at
the proper moment, when the danger of dis-
approving criticism was no longer so acute,
if possible simultaneously with the announce-
ment of the Bagdad treaty, which also was
on the point of being concluded. The fact
that two great agreements had been concluded
between us and England would doubtless have
materially favored their reception and made
it easier to overlook the aesthetic defects of
the Portuguese agreement. It was considera-
tion for the effect of the agreement with
which, we wanted • to improve our relations
•with England, but not to generate more trou-
ble, that caused our hesitation.
"It is correct that — although in a secondary
degree — consideration was also taken of the
efforts just then being made to obtain eco-
nomic interests in the Portuguese colonies,
which the publication of the agreement would
naturally have made more difficult to realize.
These conditions Prince Lichnowsky may not
have been able to perceive fully from London,
but he should have trusted in our objective
judgment and acquiesced in it, instead of
replacing his lack of understanding with sus-
picions and the interjection of personal mo-
tives. He certainly would have found our
arguments understood by the English states-
men themselves.
"The ambassador's speeches aroused consid-
erable adverse sentiment in this country. It
was necessary for the creation of a better
atmosphere, Jut which alone the rapproche-
ment being worked for could flourish, that
confidence in our English policy and in our
London ambassador be spread also among our
people at home. Prince Lichnowsky. otherwise
so susceptible to public opinion, did not take
this motive sufficiently into account, for he
saw everything only through his London spec-
tacles. The charges against the attitude of
the foreign office are too untenable to be
bothered with. I would only like to point
out that Prince Lichnowsky was not left in
ignorance regarding the 'most important
thingrs,' in so far as they were of value to
his mission. On the contrary, I gave the
ambassador much more general information
than used to be the custom. My own ex-
periences as ambassador induced me to do so.
But with Lichnowsky there was the inclina-
tion to rely more upon his own impressions
and judgment than upon the information and
advice of the central office. To be sure, I
did not always have either the motive or the
authority to impart the sources of our news.
Here there was anxiety regarding' the com-
promising of our sources. The prince's mem-
orandum furnishes the best justification for
the caution exercised in this regard.
"It is not true that in the foreign office
the reports that England would protect France
under all circumstances were not believed.
"At Knopischt, on the occasion of the visit
of his majesty the kaiser to the archduke
heir apparent, no plan of an active policy
against Serbia was laid down. Archduke
Franz Ferdinand was not at all the cham-
pion of a policy leading to war for which
he has often been taken. During the London
conference he advised moderation and the
avoidance of war.
"Prince Lichnowsky's 'optimism' was hardly
justified, as he has probably convinced himself
since through the revelations of the Souk-
homlinoff trial. Besides, the secret Anglp-
Russian naval agreement (of which, as said
before, he was informed) should have made
him more skeptical. Unfortunately, the sus-
picion voiced by the imperial chancellor and
the under secretary of state was well grounded.
How does this agree with the assertion that
we, relying upon the reports of Count Pour-
tales that 'Russia would not move under any
circumstances,' had not thought of the possi-
bility of a war? Furthermore, so far as I
can recollect. Count Pourtales never made
such reports.
"That Austria-Hungary wished to proceed
against the constant provocations stirred up
by Russia (Herr von Hartwig), that reached
their climax in the outrage of Serajevo, we
had to recognize as justified. In spite of all
the former settlements and avoidances of men-
acing conflicts, Russia did not abandon her
policy, which aimed at the complete exclu-
sion of the Austrian influence (and naturally
ours, also) from the Balkans. The Russian
agents, inspired by Petrograd. continued their
incitement. It was a question of the prestige
and the existence of the Danube monarchy.
It must either put up with the Russo-Serbian
machinations or command a quos ego. even
at the risk of a war. We could not leave
our ally in the lurch. Had the intention been
to exclude the ultima ratio of the war in
general, the alliance should not have been
concluded. Besides, it was plain that the
Russian- military preparations (for instance,
the extension of the railroads and forts in
Poland), for which a France lusting for re-
venge had lent the money and which would
have been completed in a few years, were
directed principally against us. But, despite
all this, despite the fact that the aggressive
tendency of the Russian policy was becoming
more evident from day to day, the idea of
a preventive war was far removed from us.
We only decided to declare war on Russia
in the face of the Russian mobilization and
to prevent a Russian invasion.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
351
"I have not the letters exchanged with the
prince at hand — it was a matter of private
letters. Lichnowsky pleaded lor the aban-
donment of Austria. 1 replied, so far as I
remember, that we. aside from our treaty
obligation, could not sacrifice our ally for the
uncertain friendship of England. If we aban-
doned our only reliable ally later we would
stand entirely isplated. face to face with the
entente. It is likely that I also wrote that
'Russia was constantly becoming1 more anti-
German' and that we must 'just risk it.'
Furthermore, it is possible that I, in order to
steel Lichnowsky's nerves a little and to pre-
vent him from exposing his views also in
London, may also have written that there
would probably be some 'bluster': that 'the
more firmly we stood by Austria the sooner
Russia would yield.' I have said already
that our policy was not based upon alleged
reports excluding war; certainly at that time
I still thought war could be avoided, but, like
all of us. I was fully aware ol the very seri-
ous danger.
"We could not agree to the English prp-
posal of a conference of ambassadors, for it
would doubtless have led to a serious diplo-
matic defeat. For Italy, too, was pro-Serb
and. with her Balkan interests, stood rather
opposed to Austria. The 'intimacy of the
Russo-Italian relations' is admitted by Prince
Lichnowsky himself. The best and only
feasible way of escape was a localization ol
the conflict and an understanding between
Vienna and Petrograd. We worked toward
that end with all our energy. That we 'in-
sisted upon' the war is an unheard-of asser-
tion which is sufficiently invalidated by the
telegrams of his majesty the kaiser to the
czar and to King George, published in the
White Books — Prince Lichnowsky only cares
to tell about 'the really humble telegram ol
the czar' — as well as the instruction we sent
to Vienna. The worst caricature is formed
by the sentence:
" 'When Count Berchtold finally decided to
come around we answered the Russian mobi-
lization, alter Russia had vainly negotiated
and waited a whole week, with the ultimatum
and the declaration ol war."
"Should we, perhaps, have waited until the
mobilized Russian army was streaming over
our borders? The reading ol the Soukhomli-
noff trial has probably given even Prince Lich-
nowsky a leeli ng ol 'Oh si tacuisses 1 ' On
July 6 I was absent Irom Berlin. The dec-
laration that I was 'shortly thereaiter in
Vienna' 'in order to talk everything over with
Count Berchtold' is false. I returned to Ber-
lin on July 6 from my honeymoon trip and
did not leave there until Aug. 15. on the
occasion of the shifting ol the great head-
quarters. As secretary ol state I was only
once in Vienna belore the war — in the spring1
ol 1913.
"Prince Liahnowsky lightly passed over the
matter of the confusing- dispatch that he sent
us on Aug. 1 — at present I am now in pos-
session of the exact wording— as a 'misunder-
standing.' and even seems to want to re-
proach us because 'in Berlin the news, with-
out first waiting lor the conversation, was
made the basis of a lar-reaching action.' The
question ot war with England was a matter
ol minutes, and immediately alter the arrival
of the dispatch it was decided to make an
eleventh-hour attempt to avoid war with
France and England. His majesty sent the
well-known telegram to King George. The con-
tents ol the Lichnowsky dispatch could not
have been understood any other way than we
understood it.
"Objectively taken, the statement of Prince
Lichnowsky presents such an abundance ol
inaccuracies and distortions that it is hardly
a wonder that his conclusions are also entirely
wrong:. The reproach that we sent an ulti-
matum on July 30 to Petrograd merely be-
cause of the mobilization of Russia and on
July 31 declared war upon the Russians, al-
though the czar had pledged his word that
not a man should march so long as negotia-
tions were under way, thus willfully destroy-
ing the possibility of a peaceful adjustment,
has really a grotesque effect. In concluding,
the statement seems almost to identify itself
with the standpoint of our enemies.
"When the ambassador makes the accusation
that our policy identified itself 'with Turks
and Austro-Magyars' and 'subjected itself to
the viewpoints of Vienna and Budapest.' he
may be suitably answered that he saw things
only through London spectacles and from the
narrow point of view ol his desired rapproche-
ment with England a tout prix. He also ap-
pears to have forgotten completely that the
entente was formed much more against us
than against Austria.
"I, too. pursued a policy which aimed at
an understanding with England, because I
was of the opinion that this was the only
way lor us to escape Irom the unfavorable
position in which we were placed by the un-
equal division ol strength and the weakness
pi the triple alliance. But Russia and France
insisted upon war. We were obligated through
our treaty with Austria, and our position as
a great power was also threatened. But Eng-
land, that was not allied in the same way
with Russia and that had received far-reach-
ing assurances from us regarding the sparing
of France and Belgium, seized the sword.
"In saying this, I by no means share the
opinion prevalent among us to-day that Eng-
land laid all the mines for the outbreak of
the war; on the contrary, I believe in Sir
Edward Grey's love ol peace and in his earnest
wish to arrive at an agreement with us. But
he had allowed himsell to become entangled
too far in the net of the Franco-Russian
policy: he no longer found the way out. and
he did not prevent the world war — something
that he could have done. Neither was the
war popular with the English people: Belgium
had to serve as a battlefield.
" 'Political marriages for life and death' are,
as Prince Lichnowsky says, not possible in
international unions. But neither is isola-
tion, under the present condition of affairs in
Europe. The history of Europe consists of
coalitions that sometimes have led to the
avoidance of warlike outbreaks and some-
times to violent clashes. A loosening and dis-
solving of old alliances that no longer cor-
respond to all conditions is only in order
when new constellations are attainable. This
was the object of the policy of a rapproche-
ment with England. So long as this policy
did not offer reliable guaranties we could not
abandon the old guaranties — even with their
obligations.
"The Moroccan policy had led to a political
defeat. In the Bosnian crisis this had been
luckily avoided, the same as at the London
conference. A fresh diminution of our pres-
tige was not endurable for our position in
Europe and in the world. The prosperity ol
states, their political and economic successes,
are based upon the prestige that they enjoy
in the world.
"The personal attacks contained in the work,
the unheard-of calumnies and slanders of
others, condemn themselves. The ever-recur-
ring suspicion that everything happened only
because it was not desired to allow him. Lich-
nowsky, any successes, speaks ol wounded
self-love, of disappointed hopes lor personal
successes and has a, painlul effect.
"In closing, let us draw attention here to
what Hermann Oncken has also quoted in his
work. 'The old and New Central Europe." the
memorandum of Prince Bismarck of the year
1879. in which the idea is developed that the
German empire must never dare allow a sit-
uation in which it would remain isolated on
the European continent between Russia and
France, side by side with a defeated Austria-
Hungary that bad been left in the lurch by
Germany."
352
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
SECRET TREATIES DISCLOSED BY RUSSIA.
In the fall of 1917 after the maximalists
or extreme socialists had obtained control of
the Russian administration, Leon Trotzky, the
"people's commissioner of foreig-n affairs,"
caused the foreign archives to be searched for
secret treaties and other international docu-
ments, a number of which were found. In
beginning: the publication of these state papers
on Nov. 23, 1917, Trotzky made this expla-
nation of his policy:
"In commencing1 the publication of secret
diplomatic documents, in the field of foreign
policies of czarism and of the bourgeois coali-
tion governments for the first seven months of
the revolution, we are fulfilling the obligation
we assumed when we were the opposition
party.
"Secret diplomacy is a necessary weapon in
the hands of a propertied minority, which is
forced to deceive the majority in order to sub-
ject it to its own interests. Imperialism with
its worldwide plans of plunder and rapacious
treaties and agreements brought the system
of secret diplomacy to its very highest de-
velopment.
"The struggle with the imperialism that
has bled white and ruined the • peoples of
Europe at the same time connotes the con-
flict against capitalistic diplomacy, which has
many reasons to fear the light of day.
"The Russian people, and with it the peoples
of Europe and of the whole world, must
learn the documentary truth of those plans
hatched in secret by financiers and industrial-
ists jpintly with their parliamentary and dip-
lomatic agents.
"For the right to this truth the people of
Europe have paid with countless sacrifices and
complete economic ruin.
"The abolition of secret diplomacy is the
foremost condition of honest, popular, truly
democratic external policy. To carry out such
policy, in fact, .is the purpose of the soviet
government. Therefpre, in openly proposing
an immediate armistice to all belligerent na-
tions and their governments we at the same
time publish such treaties and agreements
which have lost all their obligatory force to
the Russian workers, soldiers and peasants
who have taken the power in their own hands.
"The bourgeoisie politicians and scribblers
of Austria-Hungary and Germany may attempt
to make use of the published documents in
order to present in a favorable light the dip-
lomatic efforts of the central empires. But
any attempt in this direction will be dpomed
to complete and sorry failure. And this for
two reasons: First, we intend soon to present
before the judgment of public opinion the
secret documents which characterize quite
sharply the diplomacy of the central empires;
secondly, aid this is of greatest importance,
the methods of secret diplomacy are just as
international as imperialistic rapaciousness
itself. Wh n the German proletariat, through
revolution, finds access to the secret vaults
of its government chancelleries it will extract
therefrom documents in no wise inferior to
those which we are about to publish. It re-
mains only to be hoped .that this will take
place as soon as possible.
"The government of workers and peasants
abolishes secret diplomacy with its intrigues,
lies and cipher codes. We have nothing to
conceal. Our program formulates the ardent
desires of millions of workers, peasants and
soldiers. We want the speediest peace based
on honest cohabitation and co-operation of peo-
ples. We want the speediest overthrow of the
domination of capital.
"Revealing to the whole world the work of
the ruling classes as it finds its expression in
the secret documents of diplomacy, we address
ourselves to the workers with that call which
constitutes the unchangeable basis of our ex-
ternal policy: Proletarians of all countries,
unite. L. TROTZKY."
TERESTCHENKO TO ALLIES.
[Following is the text of a secret telegram
from Terestchenko to the charge d'affaires in
Pans, also sent to London and Rome, con-
cerning the willingness of the then Russian
government (Sept. 24. 1917) to publish treaties
concluded before the war: No. 3225.]
"With reference to your Nos. 947 and 952.
The assurances made to you by Ribot [then
French foreign minister] on the occasion of
his declaration in the chamber regarding the
eastern frontiers of France are unfortunately
altogether straightforward.
"The question of linking this agreement witn
the agreement regarding Constantinople and
the straits was raised neither in the exchange
of notes with Paleologue [then French am-
bassador in Petrograd], nor in my verbal dec-
laration to Noulens [ the present ambassador ] .
Noulens proposed to me the publication of the
treaties concluded before the war — that is
really the Russian military convention.
"To this I remarked that such a publication
of a treaty which is generally known would
be completely misunderstood by public opinion
and would only give rise to demands for pub-
lication of the agreements which had been
concluded during the war.
"The publication of these, and especially of
the Roumanian and Italian treaties, is re-
garded by our allies as undesirable. In any
case, we have no intention of putting diffi-
culties in the way of France or of placing
Ribot in a still more painful position.
"In order, then, to avoid in the future such
misunderstandings as have already twice arisen
owing to his statements in the chamber. I re-
quest you to intimate officially to the French
government that on the part of Russia no
obstacles will be placed in the way of pub-
lishing all agreements published before or dur-
ing the war in the event of the other allies
who are parties to them consenting.
"Regarding the question of Asia Minor
agreements I will communicate to you my
views in a special supplementary telegram.
"TERESTCHENKO."
ITALIAN TREATY OF APRIL 26. 1915.
[The following agreement among the powers
of the entente dates back to the first year
of the war and the regime of the czar. Signed
on April 26, it preceded by just a fortnight
the entrance of Italy into the war.]
"The Italian ambassador. Marquis Imperiali.
under instructions of his government, has the
honor to deliver to the minister of foreign
affairs. Sir E. Grey, the French ambassador
[in London] and the Russian ambassador [in
London], Count Benckendorf, the following
memorandum :
"Article 1. Between the general staffs of
France, Great Britain, Russia and Italy must
forthwith be concluded a military agreement.
This agreement shall define the minimum mili-
tary forces which Russia must move against
Austria-Hungary in the event the latter con-
centrates all her forces against Italy, and Rus-
sia against Germany; in an equitable fashion
the agreement shall regulate the questions of
armistice to the extent that these relate to the
commanding- staffs of the army.
"Art. 2. On her side Italy obligates her-
self with all the forces at her command to
enter into the campaign in combination with
France, Russia and Great Britain against all
of the governments at war with them.
"Art. 3. The naval forces of France and
Great Britain shall actively and fully co-
operate with Italy until the Austrian fleet is
completely destroyed or until the conclusion of
peace. Between France, Italy and Great
Britain shall be signed forthwith a military
naval agreement.
"Art 4. Under the futiire treaty of peace
Italy shall receive the district of Trentino:
the entire southern Tyrol to its natural geo-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
353
graphic boundary, the Brenner: the city and
suburbs of Trieste, Gorizia and Gradisha, all
of Istria to Quarnero. including: Voloski and
the Istrian islands of Chereo and Lussino and
also the smaller islands of Piavanik, Unia,
Kanidol, Palamuolo. St. Peter 'Nevmeiski, A.zi-
nello, Grutzo, together with the neighboring1
islands.
"Art. 5. In the same manner Italy is to
receive the province of Dalmatia in its present
form with the inclusion within its limit on
the north of Lissariki and the Trebino, and
on the south of all lands to a line drawn at
Cape Plank to the east along the watershed
in such a manner that in the Italian domain
shall be included all the valleys along the
rivers flowing: into Sebiniko — that is, Chicollo,
Kerka and Butisnitza, with all their branches.
"In the same way Italy is to receive all the
islands located to the north and west of the
shores of Dalmatia, beginning with Premud,
Selva. Ulbo, Skerd, Maon Pago and Puntadura
and farther to the north and to Meled on
the south, with inclusion therein of the islands
of St. Andrew, Buzzi, Lissi, Lessino, Terkol,
Kurzoll, Kaisa and Lagosta, with all the
islands and bluffs belonging to them, as well
as Palagozza, but without the islands of Great
and Little Oziren, Bui, Solt and Bratz.
"Art. 6. Italy is to receive in full right
Vallon, the islands of Sassono and a territory
sufficiently extensive to safeguard them from
the military standpoint, approximately be-
tween the river Voyuss on the north and the
east and to the boundaries of Schimar tUs-
trict to the south.
"Art. 7. On receiving- Trentino and Istria,
Dalmatia and the Adriatic islands, in accord-
ance with Article 6, and the Bay of Vallon,
Italy is obligated, in the event of the forma-
tion in Albania of a small autonomous neu-
tralized state, not to oppose the possible de-
sire of France, Great Britain and Russia to
redistribute among Montenegro, Serbia and
Greece the northern and southern districts of
Albania.
"The southern shore of Albania, from the
boundary of the Italian district of Vallon to
the Cape of Stilos, is subject to neutralization.
"Italy shall have the right t9 conduct the
foreign relations of Albania: in any event
Italy obligates herself to agree to leave cer-
tain territory sufficiently extensive for Albania
in order that the boundaries of the latter are
contiguous on the west from the Lake of
Oehrida to the boundaries of Greece and
Serbia.
"Art. 8. Italy is to receive in full right
all the islands now occupied by her at Do-
dekez.
"Art. 9. France, Great Britain and Rus-
sia in principle recognize the interests of
Italy in preserving the political balance in
the Mediterranean sea and her rights to re-
ceive an equal share with them in the division
of Turkey in the basin of the Mediterranean
and, more specifically, in that part of it con-
tiguous to the province of Adalia. where Italy
had already obtained special rights and cer-
tain rights reserved in the Italo-British agree-
ment. The zone subject to transfer to the
sovereignty of Italy will be more specifically
defined in due time and in correspondence with
the vital interests of France and Great Britain.
"Equally the interests of Italy must be
taken into consideration even in the event
the territorial inviolability of Asiatic Turkey
shall be sustained by the powers for a further
period of time, and if only redistribution of
spheres of influence is to take place. In the
event that France, Great Britain and Russia
in the course of the present war occupy cer-
tain districts of Asiatic Turkey the entire dis-
trict adjacent to Adalia and herewith more
specifically defined shall remain with Italy,
which reserves for itself the right to occupy
the same.
"Art. 10. In Libya all the rights and priv-
ileges which prior to this date have been ac-
quired by the sultan upon the basis of the
treaty of Lazansk are recognized as belonging
to Italy.
"Art. 11. Italy shall receive such share
of the military contribution which shall cor-
respond to the measure of sacrifice and effort
made by her.
"Art. 12. Italy joins in a declaration made
by France, England and Russia as to leaving
Arabia and sacred Mohammedan places in
control of an independent power.
"Art. 13. In the event of expansion of
French and English colonial domains in Africa
at the expense of Germany, France and Great
Britain recognize in principle the Italian rights
to demand for herself certain compensations,
in the sense of expansions of her lands in
Erithria, Somaliland, in Libya and colonial dis-
tricts lying on the boundary with the colonies
of France and England.
"Art. 14. England obligates herself to as-
sist Italy immediately to realize on the Lon-
don market, on advantageous terms, oi a loan
in a sum not less than £50,000,000.
"Art. 15. France, England and Russia ob-
ligate themselves to stand behind Italy in her
desire for nonadmittance of the holy see to
any kind of diplomatic stepc for the rmrpose
of the conclusion of peace or the regulation
of questions arising from the present war.
"Art. 16. This treaty must be kept secret.
As to Italy's joining in the declaration of Sept.
5. 1914, only said declaration shall be made
public immediately after the declaration of war
by Italy or against Italy.
"Taking into consideration the present mem-
orandum, the representatives of France. Great
Britain and Russia, having been duly empow-
ered for this purpose, agreed with the repre-
sentative of Italy, who, on his behalf, was
duly empowered by his government in the
premises as follows:
"France, Great Britain and Russia expressed}
their complete agreement with the present
memorandum presented to them by the Italian
government. With regard to articles 1, 2 'and
3 of the Tiflis memorandur" relating to the co-
operation of 'the military and naval' operations
of all four powers, Italy declares she will
enter actively in the very near future and at
all events not later than one month after the
signing of the present document by the con-
tracting parties. The undersigned have eet
their hands and seals at London in four copies
the 26th day of April, 1915.
"COUNT BENCKENDORF.
"MARQUIS IMPERIALI.
"CAMBON.
"SIR EDWARD GREY."
POLIVANOV REPORT ON ROTJMANIA.
[Report of Gen. Polivanov, No. 240. regard-
ing the causes of Roumania's entry and recent
events on the Roumanian front, 7-20 Novem-
ber. 1916.]
"Since the outbreak of the European waif
Roumania had officially adopted a neutral at-
titude, which very frequently and noticeably
inclined now to one, now to the other side,
according to the course of military operations.
"This was based on two main calculations,
the wish not to arrive too late for the parti-
tion of Austria-Hungary and the endeavor to
earn as much as possible at the expense of
the belligerents.
"Our successes in Galicia and Bukovina in
1914 and early 1915, the capture of Lemberg
and Przemysl and the appearance of our ad-
vance guard beyond the Carpathians brought
the question of Roumanian intervention to a
head.
"At the end of May of the same year our
retreat from Galicia and Poland took place
and Bukovina was abandoned, and the feel-
ings of leading circles in Roumania correspond-
ingly changed. The negotiations for interven-
tion came of their own accord to a standstill.
"At the end of 1915 and early in 1916.
after the destruction of Serbia and Bulgaria's
354
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
intervention. Roumanian policy leaned very
noticeably toward the side of our enemies.
At that time the Roumanian government con-
cluded a whole series of very advantageous
commercial agreements with Austria-Hungary
and Germany. This circumstance forced our
military, financial and commercial authorities
to show great caution in the question of the
export from Russia to Roumania of war mate-
rial and various other supplies, such as might
fall into the hands of our enemies.
"In consequence of the brilliant offensive of
Gen. Brussiloff in the spring and summer, 1910,
Roumanian neutrality leaned once more to
the side of the entente powers, and there arose
the possibility of renewing the interrupted
negotiations for Roumanian intervention.
"It is to be observed that, from the first,
the chief of staff, for military reasons, held
the neutrality of Roumania to be more advan-
tageous for us than her active intervention in
the war. Later on Gen. Alexiev adopted the
point of view of the allies, who looked upon
Rpumania's entry as a decisive blow for Aus-
tria-Hungary and as the nearing of the war's
end.
"In August, 1916, a military and political
agreement was signed with Roumania which
assigned to her such accessions of territory
(Bukovina, all Transylvania) as quite obvi-
ously did not correspond to the measure of
Roumania's share of military operations, since
she had undertaken only to declare war on
Austria-Hungary, and had confined herself
to operations in Transylvania.
"The events which followed showed how
greatly our allies were mistaken and how they
overvalued Roumania's entry. Under the im-
pression of the catastrophe currents arose in
Roumania itself which opposed a continuance
of the war and made the early conclusion of
peace, even of a separate peace, their aim.
The misfortune which overcame Roumania is
the natural result of the complete lack of
military preparation under the two-sided policy
of Bratiano.
"Roumania's easy victories in 1913 and her
diplomatic success after the Balkan wars con-
tributed materially to both society and gov-
ernment exaggerating their own importance.
Politically and militarily the Roumanians
greatly overrated themselves, and are now
undergoing a bitter disappointment.
"From the standpoint of Russian interests
we must be guided by the following cpnsider-
at ions in judging the present situation in Rou-
mania. If things had developed in such a
way that the military and political agreement
of 1916 with Roumania had been fully real-
ized, then a very strong state would have
arisen in the Balkans, consisting of Moldavia,
Wallachia, the Dobrogea (i. e., the present
Roumania) and of Transylvania, the Banat,
and Bukovina (acquisitions under the treaty
of 1916), with a population of about 13.-
000,000.
"In the future this state could hardly have
been friendly disposed toward Russia, and
would scarcely have abandoned the design of
realizing its national dreams in Bessarabia and
the Balkans [sic].
"Consequently, the collapse of Roumania'a
plans as a great power is not particularly op-
posed to Russia's interests. This circumstance
must be exploited by us in order to strengthen
for as long as possible those compulsory ties
which link Russia with Roumania.
"Our successes on the Roumanian front are
for us of extraordinary importance, as the
only possibility of deciding once for all in the
sense we desire the question of Constantinople
and the straits. The events now occurring in
Roumania have altered to their very founda-
Upn, the .conditions, of,, the. treaty ,.p,f -1Q1&
• 'I1s.te;td W Mte CA'pipa rativel v. mod< ist ,
support which. Tt.UssU .wne plQ&cd.t'p.jnro-i
2 ±Ji'6. ' ppbrpgfei.. ~,£he, had- , to , assign tho
'f .RduruanirVn J^rritpry, ,on.,all
military aid on the part of Russia has now
assumed such dimensions that the promise of
territorial compensations to Roumauia pre-
scribed in the treaty in return for her entry
into the war must undoubtedly be submitted
to revision. POLIVANOV."
OFFERS MADE TO GREECE.
[The following confidential memorandum,
the exact source of which is not indicated, con-
cerns the offers by the ministers of Russia,
England and France to the Greek government
in Athens of territory in south Albania and
Asia Minor in return for immediate Greek aid
to Serbia.]
"Offer of south Albania— On Nov. 22, 1914.
the ministers of Russia, England and France
declared to the Greek government in Athens
that Greece would receive the southern por-
tion of Albania, with the exception of Valona.
in the event of her immediate entry in aid of
Serbia. For immediate entry Venizelos de-
manded a sure guaranty from Roumania
against an attack of Bulgaria upon Greece.
This guaranty was not given by Roumania.
Consequently Gree-je gave no help to Serbia
and the offer lapsed."
DIVISION OF TURKEY.
[Information with regard to the division of
Turkish territory in Asia Minor is contained
in the following memorandum of an agree-
ment entered into in the spring- of 1916 as a
result of negotiations taking place in London
and Petrograd between the British, French and
Russian governments. The document has ito
signature, but is certified as being true to the
original.]
OFFERS OF TERRITORY IN ASIA MINOR.
"On 12th January. 1915. the British minis-
ter at Athens, on instructions from his govern-
ment, informed Venizelos that if Greece at
the moment of a fresh attack upon Serbia
came to the latter's aid the entente powers
would recognize to Greece important terri-
torial acquisitions on the coast of Asia Minor.
On 15th January, 1915, the Greek ministers in
Petrograd, Paris and London handed in the
answer of the Greek government to the Eng-
lish proposal, containing a whole series of
conditions.
"The negotiations begun Jan. 20 regarding
Greek wishes in respect of Asia Minor were
held up by negotiations regarding Bulgaria's
entry, and were interrupted by the resignation
of Venizelos on 21st February, 1915.
"On 9th March, 1915, the Greek foreign
minister, Zographos, handed to the ministers
at Athens a note in which the cabinet ex-
pressed the wish to resume the negotiations
interrupted by the departure of Venizelos. On
30th March, in answer to this, entente minis-
ters expressed the readiness of the Russian,
British and French governments to guarantee
the vilayet of Aduin to Greece in the event
of her entering against Turkey.
"They resumed the negotiations, adding ver-
bally that the offer would lapse unless Greece
without delay declared her readiness to in-
tervene. In the reply note the Gpunaris cab-
inet on 1st April declared its willingness to
enter at once if the entente powers would be
ready to commence military operations against
Turkey jointly with the Greek troops.
"Intervention was made dependent on a for-
mal guaranty- of Greece's territorial integrity,
with the inclusion of North Epirus and the
islands during the whole war and for a defi-
nite period after it. The territorial acquisi-
tions of Greece in Asia Minor and elsewhere
were to be the subject of subsequent deliber-
ALMANAC ANI> YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
356
ZONES OF INFLUENCE IN ASIA.
[Information on the question of Asia Minor,
Feb. 21, 1917.]
As a result of negotiations taking- place in
the spring of 1916 in London and Petrograd.
the British, French and Russian governments
came to an agreement with regard to future
distribution of their zones of influence and
territorial acquisitions in Asiatic Turkey, and
also with regard to organization within the
limits of Arabia of an independent Arabian
government or confederation of Arabian gov-
ernments.
In general this agreement is substantially as
follows : .
"Russia acquires regions of Erzerum, Trebi-
zond. Van, Bitlis and also the territory of
South Kurdistan, along- the line of Muscha
Sert Ibn Omar-Amali Amalia, Persian bound-
ary. The farthest point of Russian acquisi-
tion on the shore of the Black sea is to be a
point west of Trebizond, subject to future
determination.
"France is to receive the cpast strip of
Syria, Addansk district and territory bounded
on the south by a line running Ajutab-Mardin
to the future Russian boundary and on the
north by a line Ala-Daga-Kosanya-Ak-Daga-
Ildiz-Dag-Zara-pgim-Charput.
"Great Britain acquires southern part of
Mesopatamia, with Bagdad, and reserves for
herself in Syria the ports of Caepha and Aka.
"By agreement between France and England
the territory in the zones between French and
English territories shall be formed into a
confederation of Arabian governments, the
zones of influence over which shall be at the
same time determined.
"Alessandro is declared a free port.
"With the aim of conserving the religious
interests of the allied powers, Palestine, with
the sacred places, is to be separated Irom
Turkish territory, and is to be subject to a
special regime by agreement between Russia,
France and England.
"As a general cpndition. the contracting
powers mutually obligate themselves to recog-
nize the respective concessions and priorities
existing before the war in the territories ac-
quired by them.
"They agree to assume a proportionate share
of the Ottoman debt equivalent to their re-
spective acquisition."
TERRITORIAL READJUSTMENTS.
In the following telegram from M. Sazonoff.
the Russian foreign minister, is the first men-
tion of the allies' plans regarding territorial re-
adjustments at the expense of the enemy
powers in case of victory. To Great Britain
and France is conceded the right of determin-
ing the western boundary of Germany, in re-
turn for a free hand for Russia with the
eastern boundary of the Teuton countries. The
importance of forcing German trade out of
China in conjunction with Japan is empha-
sized.
[Secret tqlegram to the ambassador in Paris,
Feb. 24, 1916. No. 948.]
"Refer to my telegram 6063 of 1915.
"At the coming conference you might be
guided by the following general principles:
"Political agreements entered into among the
allies during the war should remain unalter-
able and are not subject to revision. This re-
fers to our agreement with France and Eng-
land about Constantinople and the straits.
Syria and Asia Minor, and also to the London
agreement with Italy. All propositions as to
future boundaries as to central Europe are at
this moment premature, but at the same time
it is to be remembered that we are ready to
grant to France and England complete freedom
in fixing, the limitations of the, western Ger-
man bYnridflfy.^a^endAgMffit'tn-e'-fJffles in
thf ir. twrn> w;Hl -Bfjjatrtnto n»s rfrresdaw in
our bound;irfce9,.,w>ithnlG«jimaay a,m Austria.
. ;_ 1} is?
for international discussion, and on elimina-
II tion of all attempts to place the future o£
Poland under the guaranty and control of the
powers.
"With regard to Scandinavian governments
it is important to make an effort to hold
Sweden back from taking a hostile step and
at the same time to decide in time upon meas-
ures to win Norway over to our side in the
event war with Sweden cannot be avoided. To
Roumania all political benefits have already
been offered to induce it to take up arms.
and, therefore, to look in this field lor new
decoys is altogether useless.
"The question of forcing Germans out of
Chinese market is of great importance, but.
as its solution is impossible without the co-
operation of Japan, it is preferable to submit
it for discussion at an economic conference at
which Japan will be represented. This does
not exclude the desirability of exchanging
ideas on this subject between Russia. France
and England through diplomatic channels.
"SAZONOFF."
FRANCE WANTS LOST PROVINCES.
[Secret telegram to the ambassador in Paris.
Petrograd, Jan. 30. 1917. No. 507. Copy in
London.] ,
"Secret. At an imperial audience M. Dumerg
transmitted to the emperor the desire of
France to insure for herself at the termination
of the war the return of Alsace and Lorraine
and of a certain position in the valley of
the River Saar. and also to attain the political
separation from Germany of her beyond the
Rhine provinces and their organization on a
different basis, so that in the future the River
Rhine should be a secure strategic boundary
against German invasion. Dumerg expressed
the hope that the imperial government v^
not decline to formulate at once its assent to
these propositions.
"His imperial majesty in principle assented
to this, in consequence of which I requested
Dumerg, after getting in touch with his gov-
ernment, to' communicate to me a proposed
agreement which could be formulated by
means of exchange of notes between the
French ambassador and myself. Meeting in
this manner the wishes of our ally, I consider
it my duty to call attention to the point of
view of the imperial government expressed in
the telegram Feb. 2. 1916, No. 948. to the
effect that 'in leaving France and England
full freedom in the determination of western
boundaries of Germany v>e assume that in
their turn the allies will grant us equal free-
dom to fix our boundary limitation with Ger-
many and Austria-Hungary.'
"On that account the forthcoming exchange
of notes on the question raised by Dumergr
gives us the basis for asking the French gov-
ernment at the same time to confirm to us its
agreement to leave to Russia freedom of
action in the matter cf determining her future
western boundaries. Specific data on this
question will be communicated by us to the
Parisian cabinet. Moreover, we deem it neces-
sary to bespeak the consent of France on the
exchange at the end of the war of easements
in the Aland islands. Please explain to Briand
to the above effect and telegraph as to re-
sults. POKROFSKY."
ANNEXATIONS IN WESTERN GERMANY.
[Copy of a note from the Russian minister
of foreign affairs of Feb. 1-14, 1917. No. 26.
to the French ambassador in Petrograd.]
'•'In your note of this date your excellency
was good enough to communicate to the im-
perial government that the government of the
republic intended to include among the terms
pi peace ,,whp,fh |,wj.H,b,e pftejed to , (}erman#
the fnlfow:W (demands and, , »uara,n.ttfj! ,of, -.iep*
boundaries && be ..ebejded at least
356
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
to the limits of the former principality of Lor-
raine and will be fixed under the direction of
the French government. At the same time
strategic demands must be taken into consider-
ation so as to include within the French ter-
ritory the whole of the industrial iron basin
of Lorraine and the whole of the industrial
basin of the valley of the Saar.
"3. Other territories located on the left bank
of the .Rhine, and not included in the com-
position of the German empire, will be com-
pletely separated from Germany and shall be
freed from all political and economic depend-
ence on her.
"4. The territory on the left bank of the
Rhine not included in the composition of
French territory shall form an autonomous
and neutral government and shall be occupied
by French armies until such time as the enemy
governments completely fulfill all the condi-
tions and guaranties mentioned in the treaty
of peace.
"Your excellency stated that the government
of the republic shall be happy to have the
opportunity of counting upon the support of
the imperial government in order to bring its
intentions to accomplishment. In accordance
with the order of his imperial majesty, my
august sovereign, I have the honor to com-
municate, in this note in the name of the
Russian government, to your excellency that
the government of the republic may count on
the support of the imperial government to
bring to fulfillment its aforementioned inten-
tions. Be so good," etc.
RUSSIA'S WESTERN BOUNDARIES.
[Secret telegram of Paris ambassador, Feb.
26. 1917 (March 11 by new calendar). No.
168.]
"My answer to telegram No. 167.
"No. 2. The government of the French re-
public, wishing to confirm the importance and
meaning of treaties entered into with the Rus-
sian government in 1915, as to object of regu-
lating at the end of the present war the
status of Constantinople and the straits, in
accordance with Russian wishes, and wishing
to preserve for its allies all guaranties with
regard to military and commercial relations
necessary for the economic development and
safety of the empire, recognizes the complete
freedom of Russia to determine her western
boundaries. ISVOLSKY."
CONSTANTINOPLE AND DARDANELLES.
[Feb. 19 (March 4, 1915) the minister of
foreign affairs handed a memorandum to the
French and British ambassadors in which was
defined the position as to annexation to Rus-
sia of the following territories as the result
of the present war.]
"The city of Constantinople, the western
shores of the Bosporus, Marmora and the
Dardanelles, southern Frigia, to the line of
Enos-Media; the shores of Asia Minor, be-
tween Bosporus, the River Samara and a
point of Ismid gulf, to be subsequently de-
fined: the islands of Marmora and the islands
of Imbros and Tenedos. The special rights of
England and France within the limits of afore-
said territories to remain undisturbed.
"The French as well as the English govern-
ments expressed their assent to the fulfillment
of our desires in the event of a successful ter-
mination of the war, and the satisfaction of
a series of demands of France and England
within the limits of the Ottoman empire, as
well as in other places. These demands in so
far as they refer to Turkey are substantially
as follows:
"Recognition of Constantinople as a free port
for the transit of merchandise not coming
from or going to Russia and the freedom of
passage through the straits of merchant ships.
"The recognition of English and French
rights in Asiatic Turkey subject to specific
definition in a special agreement between
France, England and Russia.
"The preservation of sacred Mohammedan
places and of Arabia under an independent Mo-
hammedan rule.
"The inclusion in the English sphere of in-
fluence of the Persian neutral zone created
by the treaty of 1907 between England and
Russia.
"In recognizing these claims as in general
satisfactory, the Russian government never-
theless made certain reservations:
"With respect to formulation of our wishes
in connection with sacred Mohammedan places
it is necessary to define now whether these
places will remain under the administration
of Turkey, with the retention by the sultan
of the title of caliph, or is it the intention
to create new and independent governments?
In our opinion it would be desirable to sep-
arate the caliphate from Turkey. At all
events, the freedom of pilgrimage is to be in-
sured.
"In agreeing to the inclusion of the neutral
zone of Persia within the English sphere of
influence, the Russian government considers
it only just to state that tho region of the
cities Ispahan and Yezd shall be confirmed
to Russia, as well as a strip of the neutral
zone which cuts in a shape of a wedge be-
tween Russian and Afghan boundaries, leaving
the boundary itself at Zulflcar, shall be in-
cluded within the Russian sphere of influence.
"The Russian government also considers de-
sirable at the same time to reach the solu-
tion of the question as to the territory of
northern Afghanistan contiguous to Russia, in
line with its wishes expressed in the negotia-
tions of 1914.
"After the entrance of Italy into the war
our wishes were commurticated to the Italian
government, which expressed its assent on its
own behalf on condition that, in the event of
successful termination of the war, the Italian
claims in general, and specifically in the east.
be satisfied, and on recognition by Italy within
the limits of territories ceded by us of iden-
tical rights as possessed by England and
France."
ENGLAND'S OBJECTION FEARED.
[Secret telegram of the minister of foreign
affairs to the ambassador in Paris, March 5,
1915 (March 18). No. 1226.]
"On Feb. 23 (March 8) the French ambas-
sador, in the name of his government, stated
to me that France is ready to take the most
friendly attitude toward the realization of our
desires, stated in my telegram to you. No. 937,
in connection with the straits and Constanti-
nople, for which I have instructed you to ex-
press to Delcasse my appreciation. In his con-
versations with you, Delcasse, even before, re-
peatedly expressed his assurances that we may
depend on the sympathy, of France and re-
ferred to the necessity of clarifying England's
attitude, from which side he feared objections,
before giving us more1 concrete assurances to
the aforesaid effect.
"Lately the British government expressed
in writing its complete agreement to the an-
nexation of Constantinople and the straits to
Russia, within limitations indicated by us. re-
serving therein only for itself a guaranty of
her own economic interests, and also a similar
benevolent attitude on our side to the political
aims of England in other spheres.
"For me personally the assurance of Del-
casse, in whom I have the deepest confidence,
is quite sufficient, but for the imperial gov-
ernment more specific declarations are desir-
able as to the agreement of France to the
complete fulfillment of our desires similar to
that made by the government of Great Britain.
"SAZONOFF."
THANKS BRITAIN FOR STAND.
[Secret telegram of minister of foreign af-
fairs to the ambassador in London.]
"Referring to the memorandum of the Brit-
ish embassy here, of March 12, be kind
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
357
enosgh to express to Grey the deep apprecia-
tion of the imperial government for the full
and final agreement of Great Britain to the
solution of the question of the straits and
Constantinople in accordance with wishes of
Russia. The imperial government fully ap-
preciates the feelings of the government of
Great Britain and is positive that sincere rec-
ognition of mutual interests will forever as-
sure the solid friendship existing between Rus-
sia and Great Britain. Having given its prom-
ise with regard to conditions for commerce in
the straits and Constantinople, the imperial
government sees no objection to the confirma-
tion of its agreement to the following arrange-
ment:
"1. Freedom of transit through Constanti-
nople of merchandise coming from or intended
for Russia.
"2. Freedom of passage through the straits
ol merchant ships.
"In order to make the undertaking of break-
ing through the Dardanelles easier for the
allies, the imperial government is ready to
assist in attracting to this undertaking, on a
reasonable basis, other governments, the co-
operation of which, in the opinion of France
and Great Britain, is useful.
"The imperia.'. government fully shares the
opinion of the government of Great Britain
that sacred Mohammedan places must in the
future remain under independent Mohammedan
rule. It is <*«*sirable to clear up now, how-
ever, wl.ither it is thte intention to leave
these places under the rule of Turkey and
conserve in the sultan ot Turkey the title of
caliph, or whether it is proposed to create
new independent governments, for only in one
or the other event will the imperial govern-
ment be in position to formulate its wishes.
As for itself, the imperial government would
consider it extremely desirable to separate the
caliphate from Turkey. The freedom of pil-
grimage must, ^f course, be fully guaranteed.
"The imperial government confirms its agree-
ment to the inclusion of the sphere of English
influence of the neutral zone of Persia. It,
however, deem? it just to state that the regions
constituting the cities of Ispahan and Tezd,
forming with the latter one complete whole,
shall be confirmed to Russia, because of the
Russian interests established there.
"The neutral zone now cuts in a wedgelike
shape between the boundaries of Russia and
Afghanistan and comes -lose to the Russian
boundary near Zulficar. Because of that it
will be necessary to place part of that wedge
within the Russian sphere of inflaence.
"Of material importance for the imperial
government is the question of the building of
railroads in the neutral zone, which question
calls for further friendly elucidation. In the
future the imperial government expects recog-
nition in it of full freedom of action in the
sphere of influence allotted to it. with the
reservation for it specially of prior right of
development within such sphere for its finan-
cial and economic enterprises.
"Finally the imperial government deems de-
sirable a simultaneous solution of the ques-
tion of Afghanistan territory contiguous to
it, in the sense of the wishes expressed by the
imperial minister in previous negotiations of
»he past year. * « • SAZONOFF,"
TO OPEN SWEDISH POUCH.
[Secret telegram to ambassador in Stock-
holm Oct. 15 (28). 1917. No. 629.)
"With regard to matters in Madrid I was
Informed that it has been proposed unex-
pectedly and by a mistake to open the Swed-
ish pouch. In view of the circumstances
communicated in telegram No. 628 and the
readiness of the new minister to meet us on
that question I earnestly ask you to take all
measures so that which has been predicted
by Solovieff shrill not take place.
"Taking into consideration the painful vanity
of the Swedes, we would be taking the risk
of rousing the opposition of the new cabinet
even more than of the old and would at
once lose whatever benefits the change of
government now being accomplished may have
assured us of. GULKEVICH."
MEETING OF FINANCIERS IN BERN.
[Secret telegram of the charge d'affaires in
Bern, Sept. 4, 1917 (Sept. 17, new style cal-
endar). No. 707.]
"In the local press there slipped through
information that certain financiers of both
the enemy camps lately had extensive confer-
ences in Switzerland. The makeup and aims
of the conference are being kept strictly secret.
The certain participants were: Jacques Stern
from the Netherlands bank of Paris, Tuchman
from the Paris branch of the Lloyd bank,
Fuerstenberg, director of the German Discont
Gesellschaft. also a director of the 'Deutsche
bank' and a director of the Austrian 'Austro
bank.'
"Although the English denied that they par-
ticipated in the consultations, however, on
Sept. 2. Head Director Bell of the Lloyds bank
arrived here from London under the pretext
of establishing a branch in Switzerland. Ac-
cording to rumors, as a basis of agreement
were discussed: Return of Alsace-Lorraine to
France, and satisfaction for Italy.
"Nothing definite was established with re-
gard to Russia. Only propositions were ex-
pressed that the central powers could receive
certain cpmpensations in the east. The Ger-
man participants in the negotiations especially
insisted on the cession to Germany of the Bal-
tic region and on the independence of Finland.
"ONTI,
"Russian Charge d'Affaires at Bern."
GENERAL POLICY IN RUSSIA.
[Secret telegram of the Russian charge
d'affaires at Bern. Oct. 17, 1917. No. 816.]
"An influential Anglo-Jewish financier, who
took part at the conference mentioned, stated
that Germany's aim was to promote sepa-
ratism in Russia so far as possible, so as to
split her up into small states. For Germany
it will be easy to conclude commercial treaties
with weaker states (Lithuania. Courland,
etc.). The maintenance of Russia's unity is
equivalent to leaving her in the economic
sphere of the allies, which would be, above all.
advantageous to America.
"For England the Russian market is not
of special interest, because England is more
occupied with her colonies and sea trade.
Hence, for England, the splitting up of Russia
into several small states seems acceptable, all
the more so because in the event of Russia's
being weakened England, would secure a free
hand in Asia.
"In a dismembered Russia, German industry
and trade will find work for a long time to
come. America's competition with Germany
in the Russian market will be even more ad-
vantage9us for England than the predominance
of the influence of one or other of the two
powers. From the words of my informant jt
may be concluded that it was just these pro-
posals which were the foundation for an ex-
change of views with the Germans at the
conference in August and September.
"It can certainly be assumed that with the
English, French and German branches of the
international financial clique a political agree-
ment also has be- concluded in this sense.
There is not a»y proof of the allied diplomats'
having taken part, it is out of the question
that Mme. Andrus could have taken part: but
in order to divert attention various devices
may have been resorted to. in which they
may have had their share."
KORNTLOFF UPRISING.
[Secret telegrams to the ambassadors in
Paris, London, Tokyo, Washington and Stock-
holm, Aug. 31. No. 4059.]
"The uprising of Gen. Korniloff has been
358
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
completely liquidated. Everything: passed with-
out bloodshed, as the troops sent against Pe-
trograd refused to go against the provisional
government and declared their allegiance to
it. Korniloff agreed to surrender himself to
Gen. Alexieff. The generals taking: part in
the rebellion will stand trial.
"It is becoming clear that mutual misunder-
standing and misconception played an impor-
tant role in the whole matter, due to the par-
ticipation of various unsuccessful and sus-
picious mediators, between the staff and the
provisional government. In this the group
surrounding Korniloff was especially to blame.
"At the present time there reigns complete
quiet and order, except for certain distur-
bances among: the Cossacks on the Don caused
by Gen. Kaledines, which cannot have im-
portant consequences.
"A new government has been organized.
Kerensky remains presiding minister and has
been designated commander in chief, which
was necessary to quiet down democratic ele-
ments and soldiers. Chief of Staff Alexieff
will, in fact, conduct operations. A number
of army appointments are being made, show-
ing: that it is the intention of the government
to create order within the army.
"The constitution of the government will
also resppnd to the needs pf the moment,
as is indicated by the appointment of Gen.
Verkhofsky as minister of war, and of Ad-
miral Verderevs'ky as minister of marine.
Changes will take place in the rest of the
makeup. Chernoff, certain cadets, and Nek-
rasoff have gone altogether. Cadet Kishkin
and several representatives of manufacturers
will enter. I handed in my resignation with
the other ministers, but the question as to
my return to the ministry has not as yet
been decided.
"The problem before the new government
is to avert all disturbances, conflicts and dis-
orders in the army which may arise because
of lack of confidence in the commanding staff.
The most energetic measures will be taken to
bring this about. At the same time that
Petrograd and Moscow have been declared
under martial law all measures nave been
adopted to restore order in the rear of the
army.
"At the present time, in connection with
the Korniloff matter, the bolshevik! have been
greatly strengthened and demand that per-
sons arrested on July 5 be released. However,
the position of the government has been
greatly improved after its victory, which gives
reason to reckon on most energetic conflict
with bolshevism.
"In general it may be considered that the
sad events of recent days, because of their
rapid solution, have not weakened us for the
struggle with the external enemy, but proved
the unity of feeling and the general desire to
cpncentrate on this struggle without being
diverted by internal disputes and conflicts.
"No matter what attempts may be made in
the future by the left or the right to disturb
the political course adopted by the govern-
.ment, you may be assured that they will be
met by the combined resistance within the
country. The government will persevere firmly
and under all circumstances in the continuance
of the war, and with restored energy will
labor to revivify and rebuild the army.
"TERESTCHENKO."
RUSSIA AND AMBASSADORS.
[Secret telegram to the ambassador in Wash-
ington, Sept. 26, 1917 (Oct. 9). No. 4559.]
"The English, French and Italian ambassa-
dors were received to-day by the presiding
minister, and in the name of their govern-
ments communicated with him as to the neces-
sity of taking measures for rehabilitating our
army's capacity for war. This step could
not but create upon the provisional govern-
ment a painful impression, the more so as the
efforts of the provisional government, for the
inflexible continuation of the conflict with the
common enemy, are well known to the allies.
"I ask you to communicate to Lansing, in
strict confidence, how highly the provisional
government appreciates the abstention of the
American ambassador from participating in
the aforementioned united step.
"TERESTCHENKO."
PAINFUL IMPRESSION IS CREATED.
[Secret telegram to the Russian ambassador
in Washington, Oct. 11, 1917.]
"The demarche of the three ambassadors
made a painful impression upon us, both by
reason of its contents and of its form. Our
allies know very well the extraordinary ef-
forts made by the provisional government to
restore the fighting efficiency of the army.
Neither military misfortunes nor internal dis-
orders nor the gigantic material difficulties
availed to break Russia's unbending deter-
mination to carry on the war against the com-
mon foe until the end.
"Under such circumstances we must ask
ourselves, with astonishment, what opinion
could impel our allies to such a step, and
what practical result they expect .from it.
Please communicate to the foreign minister
the contents of this telegram and convey to
him my urgent request that he should repre-
sent the demarche of the allies as the result
of previous negotiations — in view of the dan-
gerous excitement of our public opinion.
"TERESTCHENKO."
TRY TO PREVENT IRRITATION.
[Message No. 4461.]
"The presiding minister in his reply to the
three ambassadors remarked that the provi-
sional government will take measures to avoid
such interpretation of their step as in the
public opinion of the country might create
irritation against the allies. He pointed out
at the same time that the present difficult
position of Russia was to a considerable de-
gree conditioned by the heritage from the old
regime, the governments of which in their
time met with trust and assistance abroad
perhaps not corresponding to their merits.
"He also called attention to the dangerous
results that would follow the hesitation of
the allies in the matter of supplying our army
with military material, and that the results of
such hositation affect the front two or three
months after they have taken palce.
"As to the war, A. F. Kerensky stated that
in Russia it is always looked upon as an in-
ternational concern, and because of that he
considers it unnecessary to emphasize the sac-
rifices suffered by the Russian people.
"The imperialism of the central powers pre-
sents the greatest danger for Russia, and the
war upon it must be conducted in close unity
with the allies. Russia, having suffered more
than others from the war, cannot bring it to
an end without assuring her territorial in-
violability and independence, and would con-
tinue the war no matter what may be the
strain on all the other nations. With regard
to measures for the restoration of the army's
capacity for war, the presiding minister pointed
out that this problem is taking up the entire
attention of the government, and that to-day's
trip to the general staff of the ministers of
war and foreign affairs was called forth pre-
cisely by the necessity for working out a
program corresponding to the need.
"In conclusion A. F. Kerensky replied to the
general charge of the ambassadors that Rus-
sia is still a great power.
"TERESTCHENKO."
AMERICAN ENVOY MOST OUTSPOKEN.
[Secret telegram to the Russian ambassadors
in Paris and London. Sept. 17, 1917 (Sept.
30). No. 4303.]
"With regard to conversations with the allied
ambassadors here and more especially with the
most outspoken one of them, the American
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
359
ambassador, I have come to the conclusion
that among- our allies in one of the latest con-
ferences in Paris or London an agreement has
evidently been reached with regard to distribu-
tion among them of those spheres in which
they must materially co-operate with us in
the continuation of the war.
"For example, the Americans, it seems, took
upon themselves the problem of equipping; for
us the railroad transport. This question is of
tremendous importance to us, as it is, in fact,
the technical and material problems which
under present conditions are assuming- a men-
acing- character in the sense of our ability to
actually carry on the war to its conclusion.
"I mig-ht be ready, in view of that, to meet
the allies by taking- the initiative in a proposi-
tion for a more active than heretofore par-
ticipation on their part in the organization 01
our industry and transports, if on their side
would be shown a readiness to that effect.
ask you to carefully feel out the situation as
to the foundation in this direction and to com-
municate your conclusion.
CONFERENCE IS MENTIONED.
[Secret telegram to the charg-e d'affaires in
London. Communicated to representatives in
Paris and Rome. Oct. 16. 1917 (Oct. 29).
"Referring' to your telegram No. 365, with
regard to your conversation with tfaliour. i
consider it necessary to confirm that, in our
opinion the forthcoming- conference of the
allies must have for its problem the appraise-
ment of the general situation and the estab-
lishment of complete solidarity of the allies
in their views with regard to the same. Ai
the same time the conference must determine
the means for further conduct of the war and
the mutual assistance which the allies must
give to each other.
"With regard to the participation at the
conference of a person enjoying the confidence
of our democracy it is necessary to keep in
mind that such a person will enter into the
makeup of the Russian government delegation
"Minister of Foreign Affairs."
ENTENTE ENVOYS SEE KERENSKY.
[Secret telegrams from the foreign minister
of the provisional government to the Russian
ambassadors in Paris, London and Rome, Oct.
9 1917 ]
'"The French. British and Italian ambassa-
dors expressed the wish to be received by the
premier. They made to him a statement em-
phasizing that recent events gave rise to fears
as to Russia's powers of resistance and her
capacity to continue the war. In this connec-
tion public opinion in the allied countries may
demand from their governments details regard-
ing the material help given to Russia.
"In order to make it possible for the allied
governments to calm public feeling's and instill
fresh confidence it. was incumbent on the Rus-
sian government to show by deeds its deter-
mination to use every means for restoring dis-
cipline and imparting a real war spirit to the
army. Finally the allied governments express
the hope that the Russian government will
fulfill the task and thus assure itself of its
allies' support.
"The minister in his reply to the three am-
bassadors emphasized that the government was
taking steps in this direction and that this
step of the ambassadors was calculated to
arouse great resentment generally and made
clear his astonishment at such a step. He also
pointed out that the present difficult position
of Russia was to an important degree con-
nected with the legacy taken over from the
old regime, whose government had in its day
claimed abroad a support and a confidence
quite out of keeping with its merits. The
minister also drew their attention to the dan-
gerous effects which were bound to follow any
restriction by the allies of the supply of neces-
saries to the army. These effects show them-
selves after two or three months and then can
no longer be made good.
"As regards the war, Kerensky emphasized
that in Russia it was still regarded as a uni-
versal national affair, and that he therefore
considered it unnecessary to lay special stress
on the sacrifices made by Russia. The im-
perialism of the central powers was the great-
est danger for Russia, and the struggle against
this imperialism must be conducted in closa
accord with the allies. _
"Russia, who has suffered more than all
others from the war, cannot end it without
seeing her state interests and her independence
assured. She will continue the struggle and
do all that is possible to make the army
capable of resisting-. As regards restoring its
fighting powers, the premier pointed out that
this task was the subject of the government's
attention, and that during- his visit to the
front speeches were made regarding- the need
of working out a program in this connection.
Finally, Kerensky, in view of the collective
manner of the ambassadors' demarche, pointed
out that Russia is still a great power.
"TERESTCHENKO."
RUSSO-JAPANESE TREATY OF 1916.
"The Russian imperial government and the
Japanese imperial government, aiming to
strengthen the firm friendship between them
established through the secret agreements of
July 17-30, 1907; June 21-July 4. 1910, and
June 25-July 8, 1912, have agreed to sup-
plement the aforesaid secret agreements with
the following- articles:
"Article 1. Both the high contracting- parties
recognize that the vital interests of one and
the other of them require the safeguarding of
China from the political domination of any
third power whatever having hostile designs
against Russia or Japan; and therefore mutu-
ally obligate themselves in the future, at all
times when circumstances demand, to enter
into open hearted dealing based on complete
trust, in order to take necessary measures with
the object of preventing the possibility of oc-
currence of said state of affairs.
"Art. 2. In the event, in consequence of
measures taken by mutual consent of Russia
and Japan, on the basis of the preceding arti-
cle, a declaration of war is made by any third
power, contemplated by article 1 of this agree-
ment, against one of the contracting parties,
the other party at the first demand of its ally
must come to /its aid. Each of the high con-
tracting- parties herewith covenants, in the
event such a condition arises, not to con-
clude peace with the common enemy without
preliminary consent therefor from its ally.
"Art. 3. The conditions under which each
of the high contracting parties will lend armed
assistance to the other side, by virtue of the
preceding article, as well as the means by
which such assistance shall be accomplished,
must be determined in common by the corre-
sponding authorities of one and the other con-
tracting parties.
"Art. 4. It is requisite to have in view that
neither one nor the other of the high con-
tracting parties must consider itself bound by
article 2 of this agreement to lend armed aid
to its ally, unless it be given guaranties by
its ally that the latter will give it assistance
corresponding in character to the importance
of the approaching conflict.
"Art. 5. The present agreement shall have
force from the time of its execution and shall
continue to be in force until July 1-14 of
the year 1921. In the event the other of the
high contracting parties does not deem it
necessary twelve months prior to the end of
said period to declare its unwillingness to con-
tinue the present agreement in force, then the
said agreement shall continue in force for a
period of one year after the declaration of one
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1910.
of the contracting parties disclaiming the said
agreement.
"Art. 6. The present agreement must remain
profoundly secret, except to both oi the Irish
contracting- parties. In witness whereof the
persons invested with full power by both par-
ties have signed and affixed their seals to the
present agreement at Petrograd on the 20th
of June-July 3 of the year 1916, which cor-
responds in the Japanese calendar to the third
day of the seventh month of the filth year
of the reign of Tais.
(Signatures) "SAZONOFF.
"MOTONO."
RUSSO-GERMAN AGREEMENT OF 1909.
The Russo-German agreement in 1909 fol-
lows:
"1. According to the desire of Germany to
destroy the 'legend' and openly dispel the
Russo-German misunderstanding, which has
arisen with regard to the Austro-Serbian con-
flict: but without causing any constraint in
the relations between the cabinets of Vienna
and St. Petersburg, '
"2. Germany joins the Russo-Austrian agree-
ment of 1897, with alterations corresponding
to recent events.
"3. Germany guarantees that Austria will
fulfill the obligations she undertook in the
treaty referred to to abstain from any desires
for conquests in the Balkan peninsula outside
the present boundaries of her dominions.
Should it happen otherwise, Germany will not
consider the entry of Russian troops into Aus-
tria-Hungary as constituting a German-Austria
casus foederis.
"4. While waiting for the formal sanction
to be granted for the necessary alterations by
the powers who signed the Berlin treaty, Ger-
many will accord Russia her active diplomatic
supp9rt for the solution of the straits ques-
tion in a manner acceptable to the latter.
"5. Germany will likewise give her support
"Secret clause — In the event of England's at-
tacking Germany, Russia maintains neutrality.
"Italy, France and England will join in their
respective parts of this agreement."
KRUPENSKY DISPATCHES.
Dispatch dated Feb. 8, 1917, from M. Kru-
pensky, former Russian ambassador at Tokyo:
"I never omit an opportunity for represent-
ing
islands. These desires are for the succession
to all the rights and privileges hitherto pos-
sessed by Germany in the Shantung province
and for the acquisition of the islands to the
north of the equator which are now occupied
by the Japanese.
"Motono plainly told me that the Japanese
government would like to receive at once the
promise of the imperial [Russian] government
to support the desires of Japan. In order to
give a push to the highly important question
of a break between China and Germany I re-
gard it as very desirable that these Japanese
should be given the promise they ask — this
the more so as, so far as can be seen here,
the relations between Great Britain and Japan
have of late been such as to justify a surmise
that the Japanese aspirations would not meet
with any objections on the part of the Lon-
don cabinet."
The following dispatch is dated March 1.
1917:
"The minister of foreign affairs asked me to-
day whether I had received a reply from the
imperial [Russian] government relating to
Japan's desire on the question of Shantung
and the Pacific islands, and told me that the
Japanese government would very much like
to have at the earliest a promise from us on
the subject."
This dispatch is dated March 21, 1917:
"I communicated to-day to the minister of
foreign affairs the contents of your high ex-
cellency's telegram and gave him a copy. Vis-
count Motono confined himself to the observa-
tion that he took note of my communication
and would report it to the council of ministers
and the emperor. The attitude of public opin-
ion and the press here toward the revolution
in Russia is, on the whole, sympathetic.
"It is regarded as a pledge of a successful
prosecution of the war until complete victory
has been obtained and the end of the rule of
the bureaucracy is welcomed. While paying
Grand
otic acts
:presses
id the
popular representatives to be summoned would
not be inclined toward extreme decisions. The
same attitude toward the events in Russia
could be perceived in the few general words
which I heard in this connection from the
minister of foreign affairs."
GERMAN PEACE PROPOSAL.
Telegram from M. Sazonoff. Russian minister
for foreign affairs, to the ambassadors at Lon-
To-day I again pointed out to him
that the present moment was particularly
favorable, in view of the position taken by
the United States and the proposal made by
attempted to convince him of the desirability
for concluding peace between Germany. Russia
and Japan I informed Motono that I should
them~ to the neutral" powersto follo^ * their be quite prepared to listen to Germany's peace
example, and more particularly in view of the £ Proposals on the condition that they should
recent speeches of the American minister at £e simultaneously made to Russia. France,
Pekin I England and Japan.
"
"Viscount Motono replied that he would be | "f-8 reprds Italy, since .she is not yet at
the first to welcome a rupture between China ' war ^.th Germany there is no necessity lor
and Germany, and would not hesitate to take ^?B!*»™SLt^.* ^•J?^*aSS
steps in this direction at Pekin if he were
sure that the Chinese government would go in
that direction. So far, however, he had no
such assurance and he feared lest unsuccessful
representations at Pekin might do harm 19 the
allies. He promised me to sound the attitude
of Pekin without delay and in case of some
hope of success to propose to the cabinet to
take a decision in the desired direction.
"On the other hand, the minister pointed out
the necessity for him, in view of the attitude
of Japanse public opinion on the subject, as
well as with a view to safeguard Japan's posi-
on should be made
._ _. Germany, but I will keep her
informed about these proposals, because the
relations to them can only be determined by
the allies together.
" <(Addition for Tokyo— Please thank the Jap-
anese government for this invaluable com-
munication." _^_^_^
FIRED FIRST AMERICAN SHOT.
Sergt. Alex Arch of South Bend. Ind., of bat-
tery C. 6th U. S. field artillery, is officially
credited with being the man who pulled the
lanyard that sent the first American shot into
tion at the future peace confe'-ence. if China j the German lines at 6:05 on the morning of
should be admitted to it. of securing the sup- . Oct. 23, 1917. The gun. a "75." was later
port of the allied powers to the desires of withdrawn from the service to be preserved as
Japan in respect of Shantung and the Pacific ! a relic of the great war
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
361
WORK OF SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS— SECOND CESSION.
Session "began Dec. 3. 1917.
Act to increase the number of midshipmen at
the United States naval academy; passed by
house Dec. 17, 1917; by senate Dec. 18; ap-
proved Dec. 20.
Act to authorize calling1 into the service of the
United States the militia and other locally
created armed forces of the Philippine
islands: passed by house Jan. 3, 1918; by
senate Jan. 18; approved Jan. 26.
Joint resolution for the purpose of promoting
efficiency for the utilization of the resources
and industries of the United States, for les-
sening- the expenses of the war and restoring-
the loss caused by the war by providing for
the employment of a discovery or invention
called the "Garabed," claiming- to make pos-
sible the utilization of iree energy; passed by
house Dec. 15, 1917; by senate Jan. 16,
1918: approved Feb. 8, 1918.
Act to extend protection to the civil rights of
members of the military and naval establish-
ments of the United States engaged in the
present war; passed by house Oct. 5, 1917;
by senate Feb. 6, 1918; approved March 8.
Act to authorize the United States shipping
board Emergency Fleet corporation to acquire
and to sell improved or unimproved land,
houses and buildings (for shipyard em-
ployes); passed by senate Jan. 18, 1918; by
house Feb. 12; approved March 1.
A.ct to save daylight and to provide standard
time for the United States; passed by senate
June 27. 1917; by house March 15, 1918; ap-
proved March 19.
fr.ct to provide for the operation of transporta-
tion systems while under federal control, for
the just compensation of their owners and
for other purposes; passed by senate Feb. 22,
1918; by house Feb. 28; approved March 21.
Act to authorize the secretary of war to grant
furloughs to enlisted men of the army of the
United States: passed by senate Feb. 5, 1918;
by house March 9; approved March 16.
Act making appropriations to supply urgent
deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1918, and prior fiscal years on account of
war expenses: passed by house Feb. 18, 1918;
by senate March 12; approved March 28.
Act to provide further lor the national secu-
rity and defense, and, for the purpose of as-
sisting in the prosecution of the war, to pro-
vide credits lor industries and enterprises in
the United States necessary or contributory
to the prosecution of the war, and to super-
vise the issuance of securities; passed by
senate March 7, 1918; by house March 21;
approved April 5.
Act to amend an act approved Sept. 24, 1917.
entitled "An act to authorize an additional
issue of bonds to meet expenditures for the
national security and defense and for the
purpose of assisting in the prosecution of
the war, to extend additional credit to lor-
eign governments, and for other purposes;
passed by house March 30, 1918; by senate
April 3; approved April 4.
Act to promote export trade: passed by house
June 13. 1917; by senate Dec. 12; approved
April 10. 1918.
Act to amend an act providing for an assist-
ant secretary ol war; passed by house March
8, 1918; by senate March 13; approved
April 6.
Act to authorize the president to reduce tem-
porarily the course of instruction at the
United States naval academy; passed by sen-
ate Jan. 31, 1918; by house March 23; ap-
proved April 2.
Act to conserve the gold supply of the United
States: to permit the settlement in silver of
trade balances adverse to the United States:
to provide silver for subsidiary coinage and
lor commercial use: to assist foreign govern-
ments at war with the United States, and for
the above purposes to stabilize the price and
encourage the production of silver; passed by
senate April 18, 1918; by house April 22:
approved April 23.
Act to empower the president and his agents
to take over certain transportation systems
for the use of shipyard employes; passed by
senate April 1, 1918; by house April 17;
approved April 22.
Act amending- act authorizing- condemnation of
lands for military purposes ; passed by sen-
ate March 8. 1918; by house April 4; ap-
proved April 11.
Act for detail of military officers as professors
ol military science at certain institutions:
passed by senate March 23, 1918; by house
April 8; approved April 17.
Act to give indemnity for damages caused by
American forces abroad: passed by house
April 8, 1918: by senate April 10; ap-
proved April 18.
Act to prevent interference with the use of
homing pigeons by the United States: passed
by senate March 23, 1918; by house April 8:
approved April 19.
Let
Act to punish the willful injury or destruction
of war material, or ql war premises or utili-
ties used in connection with war material;
passed by senate April 9. 1917: by house
March 6. 1918: approved April 20.
Act to amend espionage act of June 15, 1917;
passed by house March 4. 1918; by senate
April 10; approved May 16.
Joint resolution providing for the registration
lor military service of all persons citizens of
the United States and all male persons resi-
dent in the United States who have sincn
June 5, 1917. attained the age of 21 years;
passed by senate March 29, 1918; by housn
April 25: approved May 20.
Joint resolution providing for calling into mili-
tary service certain classes of persons regis-
tered and liable lor military service; passed
by senate March 1, 1918; by house April 12:
approved May 16.
Act to amend the naturalization laws; passed
by house Feb. 4, 1918; by senate April 16:
approved May 9.
Act to authorize the president to provide hous-
ing for war needs: passed by house April 2,
1918: by senate May 1; approved May 16.
Act to authorize the coinage of 50-cent pieces
in commemoration of the 100th anniversary
of the admission of the state of Illinois into
the Union; passed by house April 6, 1918:
by senate May 24; approved June 1.
Act authorizing1 postage on airplane mail;
passed by senate May 6, 1918; by house May
7; approved May 10.
Act to prevent in time of "war departure from
or entry into the United States contrary to
public safety; passed by house May 4, 1918;
by senate May 9'; approved May 22.
Act authorizing1 the president to co-ordinate or
consolidate executive bureaus, agencies and
offices in the interest of economy and the
more efficient concentration of the govern-
ment: passed by senate April 30, 1918; by
house May 14; approved May 20.
Act to fix the age limits for candidates for ad-
mission to the United States naval academy:
passed by senate Jan. 31, 191&: by house
May 6; approved May 14.
Act authorizing national banks to subscribe to
the American National Red Cross: passed by
senate April 6. 1918; by house May 20; ap-
proved May 22.
Act authorizing the president to sell supplies
acquired for war purposes; passed by senate
March 23, 1918; by house April 8; approved
May 10.
Act to prohibit the sale, manufacture and im-
portation of intoxicating- liquors in the terri-
tory of Hawaii during the period of the war;
passed by senate May 16, 1918; by house
May 18; approved May 23.
Act amending act ol June 3, 1916. as amended
362
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
by act of May 12. 1917. with respect to ap-
pointment of army chaplains; passed by sen-
ate May 6, 1916; by hpuse May IB; ap-
proved May 25.
Act to authorize an additional issue of bonds
to meet expenditures for the national se-
curity and defense: passed by house June 28,
1918; by senate June 29; approved July 9
(fourth liberty bond act).
Act to provide for vocational rehabilitation
and return to civil employment of disabled
persons discharged from the military or naval
forces of the United States; passed by senate
May 25. 1918; by house June 10; approved
June 27.
Act conferring1 on the president power to pre-
scribe charter rates and freight rates and to
requisition vessels; passed by house June 20,
1918; by senate June 29: approved July 18.
Joint resolution to authorize the president in
time of war to take possession and assume
control of any telegraph, telephone, marine
cable or radio system and operate the same;
passed by house July 5, 1918; by senate July
15; approved July 16.
Joint resolution providing for the return of
the Alfred Nobel peace prize of 1906 to
Theodore Roosevelt: passed by house Jiily
6, 1918; by senate July 8: approved July T2.
Act to repeal the act incorporating the Na-
tional German-American alliance: passed by
senate May 30, 1918; by house July 13; ap-
proved July 30.
Act to pension widows and minor children of
officers and enlisted men who served in the
war with Spain, Philippine insurrection or in
China: passed by senate June 18, 1918; by
house July 9; approved July 16.
Act to amend an act entitled "An act to au-
thorize the president .to increase temporarily
the military establishment of the United
States," approved May 18. 1917; passed by
house Aug. 24, 1918; by senate Aug. 27; ap-
proved Aug. 31.
Act to supplement the second liberty (bond act,
as amended; passed by house Sept. 13. 1918;
by senate Sept. 18: approved Sept. 24.
Act to amend act authorizing the establishment
of a bureau of war risk insurance in the
treasury department; passed by senate May
13, 19l8; by house May 22; approved June
25.
Act to amend the war risk insurance act (ma-
rine and seamen's insurance) : passed by
house May 22, 1918; by senate July 6; ap-
proved July 11.
Act making appropriations for the naval serv-
ice for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919:
passed by house April 20. 1918; by senate
May 22; approved July 1.
Act making appropriations for the payment of
invalid and other pensions: passed by house
May 16, 1918: by senate June 19; approved
July 2. (The total amount appropriated was
$220,050.000.)
Act making appropriations for the support of
the army; passed by house 'May 31, 1918; by
senate June 20: approved July 9.
Act making appropriations for fortifications:
passed by house June 24, 1918; by senate
June 29: approved July 8.
Act making appropriations for the sundry civil
expenses of the government: passed by house
June 17, 1918; by senate June 24; approved
July 1.
Act making further appropriations to supply
deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1918; passed by house
July 1; by senate July 2; approved July 8.
WAR FINANCE CORPORATION.
Be it enacted by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of Amer-
ica in congress assembled.
Title I. — War Finance Corporation.
That the secretary of the treasury and four
additional persons (who shall be the directors
first appointed as hereinafter provided) are
hereby created a body corporate and politic
in deed and in law by the name, style and title
of ihe "War Finance Corporation" (herein
called the corporation) , and shall have suc-
cession for a period of ten years: Provided.
That in no event shall the corporation exercise
any of the powers conferred by this act, ex-
cept such as are incidental to the liquidation
of its assets and the winding up of its af-
fairs, after six months after the termination
of the war. the date of such termination to
be fixed by proclamation of the president of
the United States.
Section 2. That the capital stock of the cor-
poration shall be $500.000.000, all of which
shall be subscribed by the United States of
America, and such subscription shall be sub-
ject to call upon the vote of three-fifths of
the board of directors of the corporation, with
the approval of the secretary of the treasury,
at such time or times as may be deemed ad-
visable; and there is hereby appropriated, out
of any money in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated, the sum of $500.000,000, or so
much thereof as may be necessary for the pur-
pose of making payment upon such subscrip-
tion when and as called. Receipts for pay-
ments by the United States of America for or
on account of such stock shall be issued by
the corporation to the secretary of the treas-
ury, and shall be evidence of stock ownership.
Sec. 3. That the management of the corpo-
ration shall be vested in a board of directors,
consisting of the secretary of the treasury,
who shall be chairman of the board, and four
other persons, to be appointed by the presi-
dent of the United States, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the senate. No director,
officer, attorney, agent or employe of the cor-
poration shall in any manner, directly or in-
directly, participate in the determination of
any question affecting his personal interests,
or the interests of any corporation, partner-
ship or association in which he is directly or
indirectly interested; and each director shall
devote his time, not otherwise required by the
business of the United States, principally to
the business of the corporation. Before enter-
ing upon his duties, each of the four directors
so appointed, and each officer, shall take an
oath faithfully to discharge the duties of his
office. Nothing contained in this or any other
act shall be construed to prevent the appoint-
ment as a director of the corporation of any
officer or employe under the United States or
of a director of a federal reserve bank.
Of the four directors so appointed, the pres-
ident of the United States shall designate two
to serve for two years, and two for four
years: and thereafter each director so ap-
pointed shall serve for four years. Whenever
a vacancy shall occur among the directors so
appointed, the person appointed director to fill
any such vacancy shall hold office for the un-
expired term of the member whose place he
is selected to fill. Any director shall be sub-
ject to removal by the president of the United
States. Three members of the board of direc-
tors shall constitute a quorum for the trans-
action of business.
Sec. 4. That the four directors of the cor-
poration appointed as hereinbefore provided
shall receive annual salaries, payable monthly,
of $12,000. Any -director receiving frpm the
United States any salary or compensation for
services shall not receive as salary from the
corporation any amount which, together with
any salary or compensation received from the
United States, would make the total amount
paid to him by the United States and by the
corporation exceed $12.000.
Sec. 5. That the principal office of the cor-
poration shall be located in the District of
Columbia, but there may be established agen-
cies or branch offices in any city or cities of
the United States under rules and regulations
prescribed by the board of directors.
Sec. 6. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized to adopt, alter and
use a corporate seal; to make contracts; to
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
363
purchase or lease and hold or dispose of such
real estate as may be necessary for the prose-
cution of its business: to sue and be sued; to
complain and defend in any court of compe-
tent jurisdiction, state or federal; to appoint,
by its board of directors, and fix the compen-
sation of such officers, employes, attorneys and
agents as are necessary for the transaction of
the business of the corporation, to define their
duties, reQuire bonds of them and fix the pen-
alties thereof, and to dismiss at pleasure such
officers, employes, attorneys and agents: and
to prescribe, amend and repeal, by its board
of directors, subject to the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, by-laws regulating
the manner in which its general business may
be conducted and the privileges granted- to it
by law may be exercised and enjoyed, and pre-
scribing the powers and duties of its officers
and agents.
Sec. 7. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized to make advances,
upon such terms, not inconsistent herewith, as
it may prescribe, for periods not exceeding five
years from the respective dates of such ad-
vances :
(1) To any bank, banker or trust company,
in the United States, which shall have made
after April 6. 1917, and which shall .have
outstanding, any loan or loans to any person,
firm, corporation or association, conducting an
established and going business in the United
States, whose operations shall be necessary or
contributory to the prosecution of the war,
and evidenced by a note or notes, but no
such advance shall exceed 75 per centum of
the face value of such loan or loans: and
(2) To any bank, banker or trust company,
in the United States, which shall have ren-
dered financial assistance, directly or indirectly,
to any such person, firm, corporation or associ-
ation by the purchase after April 6, 1917, of
its bonds or other obligations, but no such ad-
vance shall exceed 75 per centum of the value
of such bonds or other obligations at the time
of such advance, as estimated and determined
by the board of directors of the corporation.
All advances shall be made upon the prom-
issory note or notes of such bank, banker or
trust company, secured by the notes, bonds or
other obligations, which are the basis of any
such advance by the corporation, together with
all the securities, if any, which such bank,
banker or trust company may hold as col-
lateral for such notes, bonds or other obliga-
tions.
The corporation shall, however, have power
to make advances (a) up to 100 per centum
of the face value of any such loan made by
any such bank, banker or trust company to
any such person, firm, corporation or associ-
ation, and (b) up to 100 per centum of the
value at the time of any such advance (as
estimated and determined by the board of
directors of the corporation) of such bonds or
other obligations by the purchase of which
financial assistance shall have been rendered
to such person, firm, corporation or associa-
tion: Provided, That every such advance shall
be secured in the manner described in the pre-
ceding part of this section, and in addition
thereto by collateral security, to be furnished
by the bank, banker or trust company, of such
character as shall be prescribed by the board
of directors, of a value, at the time of such
advance (as estimated and determined by the
board of directors of the corporation) , equal
to at least 33 per centum of the amount ad-
vanced by the corporation. The corporation
shall retain power to require additional secur-
ity at any time.
Sec. 8. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized to make advances
Irom time to time, upon such terms, not in-
consistent herewith, as it may pi-escribe, for
periods not exceeding one year, to any savings
bank, banking institution or trust company, in
the United States, which receives savings de-
posits, or to any building and loan association
in the United States, on the promissory note
or notes of the borrowing institution, when-
ever the corporation shall deem such advances
to be necessary or contributory to the prosecu-
tion of the war or important in the public in-
terest : Provided, That such note or notes shall
be secured by the pledge of securities of such
character as shall be prescribed by the board
of directors of the corporation, the value of
which, at the time of such advance (as esti-
mated and determined by the board of direc-
tors of the corporation), shall be equal in
amount to at least 133 per centum of the
amount of such advance. The rate of interest
charged on any such advance shall not be less
than 1 per centum per annum in excess of
the rate of discount for ninety-day commercial
paper prevailing at the time of such advance
at the federal reserve bank of the district in
which the borrowing institution is located, but
such rate of interest shall in no case be
greater than the average rate receivable by the
borrowing institution on its loans and invest-
ments made during the six months prior to
the date of tho advance, except that where
the average rate so receivable by the borrow-
ing institution is less than such rate of dis-
count for ninety -day commercial paper the rate
of interest on such advance shall be equal to
such rate of discount. The corporation shall
retain power to require additional security at
any time.
Sec. 9. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized, in exceptional cases,
to make advances directly to any person, firm,
corporation or association, conducting an es-
tablished and going business in the United
States, whose operations shall be necessary or
contributory to the prosecution of the war
.but only for the purpose of conducting such
business in the United States and. only when
in the opinion of the board of directors of the
corporation such person, firm, corporation or
association is unable to obtain funds upon
reasonable terms through banking channels
or from the general public) , for periods not
exceeding five years from the respective dates
of such advances, upon such terms, and sub-
ject to such rules and regulations as may be
prescribed by the board of directors of the
corporation. In no case shall the aggregate
amount of the advances made under this sec-
tion exceed at any one time an amount equal
to 12ya per centum of the Bum of (l) the
authorized capital stock of the corporation
plus (2) the aggregate amount of bonds of
the corporation authorized to be outstanding
at any one time when the capital stock is
fully paid in. Every such advance shall be
secured by adequate security of such charac-
ter as shall be prescribed by the board of
directors of a value at the time of such ad-
vance (as estimated and determined by the
board of directors) , equal to (except in case
of an advance made to a railroad in the pos-
session and control of the president, for the
purpose of making additions, betterments or
road extensions to such railroad) at least 125
per centum of the amount advanc3d by the
corporation. The corporation shall retain
power to require additional security at any
time. The rate of interest charged on any
such advance shall not be less than 1 per
centum per annum in excess of the rate of
discpunt for ninety-day commercial paper pre-
vailing at the time of such advancs at the fed-
eral reserve bank of the district in which the
borrower is located.
Sec. 10. That in no case shall the aggregate
amount of the advances made under this title
to any one person, firm, corporation or associ-
ation exceed at any one time an amount equal
to 10 per centum of the authorized capital
stock of the corporation, but this section shall
not apply in the case of an advance made to
a railroad in the possession and control of the
president, for the purpose of making additions,
betterments or road extensions to euch rail-
road.
364
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sec. 11. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized to subscribe for, ac-
quire and own, buy, sell and deal in bonds and
obligations of the United States issued or
converted alter Sept. 24, 1917. to such extent
as the board ol directors, with the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, may from
time to time determine.
Sec. 12. That the corporation shall be em-
powered and authorized to issue and have out-
standing1 at any one time its bonds in an
amount aggregating not more than six times
its paid-in capital, such bonds to mature not
lesa than one year nor more than five years
from the respective dates of issue, and to
"bear such rate or rates of interest, and may
be redeemable before maturity at the option
of the corporation as may be determined by
the board of directors, but such rate or rates
of interest shall be subject to the approval of
the secretary of the treasury. Such bonds shall
bave a first and paramount floating charge on
all the assets of the corporation, and the cor-
poration shall not at any time mortgage or
pledge any of its assets. Such bonds may be
issued at not less than par in payment of any
advances authorized by this title, or may be
offered for sale publicly or to any individual,
firm, corporation or association, at such price
or prices as the board of directors, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury, may
determine. /
Upon such terms not inconsistent herewith
as may be determined from time to time by
the board of directors, with the approval ol
the secretary of the treasury, at or before the
issue thereof, any of such bonds may be issued
payable in any foreign money or foreign
moneys, or issued payable at the option of the
respective holders thereof either in dollars or
in any foreign money or foreign moneys at
such fixed rate of exchange as may be stated
in any such bonds. For the purpose of de-
termining the amount of bonds issued payable
in any foreign money or foreign moneys the
dollar equivalent shall be determined by the
par of exchange at the date of issue thereof,
as estimated by the director of the mint and
proclaimed by the secretary of the treasury in
pursuance of the provisions of section 25 of
the act entitled "An act to reduce taxation,
to provide revenue for the government and
for other purposes," approved Aug. 27, 1894.
Sec. 13. That the federal reserve banks shall
be authorized, subject to the maturity limita-
tions of the federal reserve act and to regula-
tions of the federal reserve board, to discount
the direct obligations of member banks secured
by such bonds' of the corporation and to re-
discount eligible paper secured by such bonds
and indorsed by a member bank. No discount
or rediscount under this section shall be
granted at a less interest charge than 1 per'
centum per annum above the prevailing rates
for eligible commercial paper of corresponding
maturity.
Any federal reserve bank may. -with the ap-
proval of the federal reserve board, use any
obligation or paper so acquired for any pur-
pose for which it is authorized to use obliga-
tions or paper secured by bonds or notes of
the United States not bearing- the circulation
privilege: Provided, however. That whenever
federal reserve notes are issued against the
security ol such obligations or paper the fed-
eral reserve board may make a special inter-
est charge on such notes, which, in the discre-
tion of the federal reserve board, need not
be applicable to other federal reserve notes
which may from time to time be issued and
outstanding-. All provisions ol law. not in-
consistent herewith, in respect to the acquisi-
tion by any iederal reserve bank ol obligations
or paper secured by such bonds or notes ol
the United States, and in respect to federal
reserve notes issued against the security of
such obligations or paper, shall extend, in so
far as applicable, to the acquisition of obli-
gations or paper secured by the bonds ol the
corporation and to the federal reserve notes
issued against the security of such obligations
or paper.
Sec. 14. That the corporation shall not ex-
ercise any of the powers granted by this title
or perform any business except such as is inci-
dental and necessarily preliminary to its or-
ganization until it has been authorized by the
president ol the United States to commence
business under the provisions of this title.
Sec. 15. That all net earnings of the corpo-
ration not required for its operations shall be
accumulated as a reserve fund until such time
as the corporation liquidates under the terms
ol this title. Such reserve fund shall, upon
the direction of the board of directors, with
the approval of the secretary ol the treasury,
be invested in bonds and obligations ol the
United States, issued or converted after Sept.
24, 1917, or upon like direction and approval
may be deposited in member banks ol the
federal reserve system, or in any of the fed-
eral reserve banks, or be used from time, to
time, as well as any other funds of the cor-
poration, in the purchase or redemption ol any
bonds issued by the corporation. The iederal
reserve banks are hereby authorized to act as
depositaries for and as fiscal agents of the
corporation in the general performance of the
powers conferred by this title. Beginning six
months after the termination of the war. the
date of such termination to be fixed by a
E reclamation of the president of the United
tates. the directors of the corporation shall
proceed to liquidate its assets and to wind up
its affairs, but the directors of the corporation,
in their discretion, may, from time to time,
prior to such date, sell and dispose of any
securities or other property acquired by the
corporation. Any balance remaining after the
payment of all its debts shall be paid into the
treasury of the United States as miscellaneous
receipts, and thereupon the corporation shall
be dissolved.
Sec. 16. That any and all bonds issued by
the corporation shall be exempt, both as to
principal and interest, from all taxation now
or hereafter imposed by the United States, any
state, or any of the possessions of the United
States, or by any local taxing authority, ex-
cept (a) estate or inheritance taxes, and (b)
graduated additional income taxes, commonly
known as surtaxes, and excess profits and war
profits taxes, now or hereafter imposed by the
United States, upon the income or profits of
individuals, partnerships, corporations or as-
sociations. The interest on an amount of
such bonds the principal of which does not
exceed in the aggregate $5.000, owned by any
individual, partnership, corporation or associ-
ation, shall be exempt from the taxes referred
to in clause (b) . The corporation, including
its franchise and the capital and reserve or
surplus thereof, and the income derived there-
from, shall be exempt from all taxation now
or hereafter imposed by the United States,
any state, or any ol the possessions ol the
United States, or by any local taxing author-
ity, except that any real property of the cor-
poration shall be subject to state, county or
municipal taxes to the same extent, according
to its value, as other real property is taxed.
Sec. 17. That the United States shall not be
liable for the payment of any bond or other
obligation or the interest thereon issued or in-
curred by the corporation, nor shall it incur
any liability in respect of any act or omission
of the corporation.
Sec. 18. That whoever (1) makes any state-
ment, knowing it to be false, for the purpose
of obtaining- for himself or for any other per-
son, firm, corporation or association any ad-
vance under this title, shall be punished by a
fine of not more than 810.000, or by imprison-
ment lor not more than five years, or both.
Whoever willfully overvalues any security by
which any such advance is secured shall be
punished by a fine ol not more than 85.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
365
or by imprisonment for not more than two
years, or both.
Whoever (1) falsely makes, forges or coun-
terfeits any bond, coupon or paper in imita-
tion of or purporting- to be in imitation of a
bond or coupon issued by the corporation:
or (2) passes, utters or publishes, or attempts
to pass, utter or publish, any false, forged
or counterfeited bond, coupon or paper pur-
porting- to be issued by the corporation, know-
ing- the same to be falsely made, forged or
counterfeited; or (3) falsely alters any such
bond, coupon or paper: or (4) passes, utters
or publishes as true any falsely altered or
spurious bond, coupon or paper issued or pur-
porting to have been issued by the corpora-
tion, knowing- the same to be falsely altered
or spurious, shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment
for not more than five years, or both.
Whoever, being connected in any capacity
with the corporation. (1) embezzles, abstracts
or willfully misapplies any moneys, funds or
credits therepf, or (2) with intent to defraud
the corporation or any other company, body
politic or «orporate, or any individual, or to
deceive any officer of the corporation, (a)
makes any false entry in any book, report or
statement of the corporation, or (b) without
authority from the directors draws any order
or assigns any note, bond, draft, mortgage,
judgment or decree thereof, shall be punished
by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by
imprisonment for not more than five years, or
both.
The secretary of the treasury is hereby au-
thorized to direct and use the secret service
division of the treasury department to de-
tect, arrest and deliver into custody of the
United States marshal having1 jurisdiction any
person committing any of the offenses punish-
able under this section.
Sec. 19. That the corporation shall file Quar-
terly reports with the secretary of the senate
and with the clerk of the house of representa-
tives, stating as of the first day of each
month of the quarter just ended (1) the total
amount of capital paid in, (2) the total
amount of bonds issued, (3) the total amount
of bonds outstanding, (4) the total amount
of advances made under each of sections 7, 8
and 9. (5) a list of these classes and amounts
of securities taken under each of such sec-
tions, (6) the total amount of advances out-
standing under each of sections 7. 8 and 9
and (7) such other information as may be
hereafter required by either house of con-
gress.
The corporation shall make a report to con-
gress on the first day of each regular session,
including a detailed statement of receipts and
expenditures.
Sec. 20. Section 5202 of the revised statutes
of the United States is hereby amended so as
to read as follows:
"Sec. 5202. No national banking association
shall at any time be indebted, or in any way
liable, to an amount exceeding the amount 9f
its capital stock at such time actually paid in
and remaining undiminished by losses or other-
wise, except on account of demands of the
nature following :
"First. Notes of circulation.
"Second. Moneys deposited with or collected
by the association.
"Third. Bills of exchange or drafts drawn
against money actually on deposit to the credit
of the association, or due thereto.
"Fourth. Liabilities to the stockholders of
the association or dividends and reserve profits.
"Fifth. Liabilities incurred under the pro-
visions of the federal reserve act.
"Sixth. Liabilities incurred under the pro-
visions of the war finance corporation act."
Title II. — Capital Issues Committee.
Sec. 200. That there is hereby created a
committee to be known as the "capital issues
committee," hereinafter called the committee.
and to be composed of seven members to be
appointed by the president of the United
States, by and with the advice and consent
of the senate. At least three of the members
shall be members of the federal reserve board.
No member, officer, attorney, agent or em-
ploye of the committee shall in any manner,
directly or indirectly, participate in the deter-
mination of any question affecting his personal
interests, or the interest of any corporation,
partnership or association in which he is di-
rectly or indirectly interested. Before enter-
ing upon his duties, each member and officer
shall take an oath faithfully to discharge the
duties of his office. Nothing contained in this
or any other act shall be construed to pre-
vent the appointment as a member of the
committee of any officer or employe under the
United States or of a director of a federal
reserve bank.
The terms during which the several mem-
bers of the committee shall respectively hold
office shall be determined by the president of
the United States, and the compensation of
the several members of the committee who
are not members of the federal reserve board
shall be $7,500 per annum, payable monthly,
but if any such member receives any other
compensation from any office or employment
under the United States the amount so re-
ceived shall be deducted from such salary,
and if such other compensation is $7,500 or
more, such member shall receive no salary as
a member of the committee. Any member
shall be subject to removal by the president
of the United States. The president shall des-
ignate one of\ the members as chairman, but
any subsequent vacancy in the chairmanship
shall be filled by the committee. Four mem-
bers of the committee shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business.
Sec. 201. That the committee may employ
and fix the compensation of such officers, at-
torneys, agents and other employes as may be
deemed necessary to conduct its business, who
shall be appointed without regard to the pro-
visions of the act entitled "An act to regulate
and improve the civil service of the United
States," approved Jan. 16, 1883 (volume 22.
United States Statutes at Large, page 403),
and amendments thereto or any rules or regu-
lations made in pursuance thereof. No such
officer, attorney, agent or employe shall re-
ceive more compensation than persons per-
forming services of like or similar character
under the federal reserve board.
Sec. 202. That all the expenses of the com-
mittee, including all necessary expenses for
transportation incurred by the members or
by its officers, attorneys, agents or employes
under its orders in making an investigation or
upon official business in any other places than
at their respective headquarters, shall be al-
lowed and paid on the presentation of item-
ized vouchers therefor approved by the chair-
man. ,
The committee may rent suitable offices for
its use, and purchase such furniture, equip-
ment and supplies as may be necessary, but
shall not expend more than $10,000 annually
for offices in the District of Columbia.
The principal office of the committee shall
be in the District of Columbia, but it may
meet and exercise all its powers at any other
place. The committee may, by one or more
of its members, or by such agents as it may
designate, prosecute any inquiry necessary to
its duties in any part of the United States.
Sec. 203. That the committee may. under
rules and regulations to be prescribed by it
from time to time, investigate, pass upon and
determine whether it is compatible with the
national interest that there should be sold or
offered for sale or for subscription any issue,
or any part of any issue, of securities here-
after issued by any person, firm, corporation
or association, the total or aggregate par or
face value of which issue and any other secur-
ities issued by the same person, firm, corpora-
366
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
tion or association since the passage of this
act is in excess of 8100.000. Shares of stock
of any corporation or association without nom-
inal or par value shall for the purpose of this
section be deemed to be of the par value of
$100 each. Any securities which upon the
date of the passag-e of this act are in the
possession or control of the corporation, as-
sociation or obligor issuing the same shall be
deemed to have been issued after the passage
of this act within the meaning hereof.
Nothing in this title shall be construed to
authorize such committee to pass upon (1)
any borrowing by any person, iirm, corpora-
tion or association in the ordinary course of
business as distinguished from borrowing for
capital purposes. (2) the renewing or refund-
ing of indebtedness existing at the time of
the passag-e of this act, (3) the resale of any
securities the sale or offering of which the
committee has determined to be compatible
with the national interest. (4) any securities
issued by any railroad corporation the prop-
erty of which may be in the possession and
control of the president of the United States
or (5) any bonds issued by the war finance
corporation.
Nothing done or omitted by the committee
hereunder shall be construed as carrying the
approval of the committee or of the United
States of the legality, validity, worth or se-
curity of any securities.
Sec. 204. That there is hereby appropriated
out of any money in the treasury not other-
wise appropriated, for the remainder of the
fiscal year ending June 30. 1918, and the fis-
cal year ending June 30, 1919, the sum of
$200.000 for the purppse of defraying the
expenses of the establishment and mainte-
nance of the committee, including the pay-
ment of the salaries and rents herein author-
ized.
Sec. 205. That the committee shall make a
report to congress on the first day of each
regular session, including a detailed statement
of receipts and expenditures, and also includ-
ing the names of all officers and employes and
the salary paid to each.
Sec. 206. That this title shall continue in
effect until, but not after, the expiration of
six months after the termination of the war,
the' date of such termination to be determined
by a proclamation of the president of the
United States, but the president may at any
time by proclamation declare that this title
is no longer necessary, and theraupon it shall
cease to be in effect.
Title III, — Miscellaneous.
Sec. 300. That whoever willfully violates
any of the provisions of this act. except where
a different penalty is provided in this act,
shall, upon conviction in any court of the
United States of competent jurisdiction, be
fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned
for not mor« than one year, or both: and
whoever knowingly participates in any such
violation, except where a different penalty is
provided in this act. shall be punished by a
like fine or imprisonment, or both.
Sec. 301. That no stamp tax shall be re-
quired or imposed upcn a promissory note
secured by the pledge of bonds or obligations
of the United States issued after April 24,
1917, or secured by the pledge of a promis-
sory note which itself is secured by the pledge
of such bonds or .obligations: Provided. That
in either case the par value of such bonds or
obligations shall equal the amount of such
note.
Sec. 302. That if any clause, sentence, para-
graph or part of this net shall, for any rea-
son, be adjudged by nny court of competent
jurisdiction to he invalid, or, in case any
court of compr>t?nt jurisdiction shall adjudge
to be invalid any provisions hereof in respect
of any class or classes of securities, such
judgment shall not affect, impair or invalidate
the remainder of this act, but shall be con-
fined in its operation to the clause, sentence,
paragraph, part or subject matter of this act
directly involved in the controversy in which
such judgment shall have been rendered.
Sec. 303. That the term "securities," as
used in this act, includes stocks, shares of
stock, bonds, debentures, notes, certificates of
indebtedness and other obligations.
Sec. 304. That the right to amend, alter or
repeal this act is hereby expressly reserved.
Sec. 305. That the short title of this act
shall be the "War Finance Corporation act."
Sec. 306. That all provisions of any act or
acts inconsistent with the provisions of this
act are hereby repealed. (Approved April 5.
1918.)
War Finance Corporation Directors.
(Appointed by President April 29, 1918.)
William G. P. Harding (Ala.). 2 years.
Clifford M. Leonard (111.), 2 years.
Eugene Meyer, Jr. (N. Y.). 4 years.
Angus V. McLean (N. C.), 4 years.
Capital Issue Committee.
(Appointed by President April 29, 1918.)
Charles S. Hamlin (Mass.).
John Skelton Williams (Va.).
Frederic A. Delano (111.) .
James B. Brown (Ky.) .
John S. Drum (Cal.).
Henry C. Flower (Mo.) .
Frederick H. Goff (Ohio).
SILVER COINAGE ACT.
An act to conserve the gold supply of the
United States; to permit tiie settlement in
silver of trade balances adverse to the United
States; to provide silver for subsidiary coin-
age and for commercial use; to assist foreign
governments at war with the enemies of the
United States; and for the above purposes to
stabilize the price and encourage the produc-
tion of silver.
Be it enacted etc.. That the secretary of the
treasury is hereby authorized from time to
time to melt or break up and to sell as bul-
lion not in excess of 350,000,000 standard
silver dollars now or hereafter held in the
treasury of the United States. Any silver
certificates which may be outstanding against
such standard silver dollars so melted or
broken up shall be retired at the rate of $1
lace amount of such certificates for each
standard silver dollar so melted or broken up.
Sales of such bullion shall be made at such
prices not less than $1 per ounce of silver one
thousand fine and upon such terms as shall be
established from time to time by the secre-
tary of the treasury.
Section 2. That uppn every such sale of bul-
lion from time to time the secretary of the
treasury shall immediately direct the director
of the mint to purchase in the United States,
of the product of mines situated in the United
States and of reduction works so located, an
amount of silver equal to 371.25 grains of
pure silver in respect of every standard silver
dollar so melted or broken up and sold as
bullion. Such purchases shall be made in
accordance with the then existing- regulations
of the mint and at the fixed price of $1 per
ounce of silver one thousand fine, • delivered at
the option of the director of the mint at New
York, Philadelphia, Denver, or San Francisco.
Such silver so purchased may be resold for
any of the purposes hereinafter specified in
section 3 of this act. under rules and reg-
ulations to be established by the secretary
of the treasury, and any excess of such silver
so purchased over and above the requirements
for such purposes shall be coined into stand-
ard silver dollars or held for the purpose of
such coinag-e, and silver certificates shall be
issued to the amount of such coinage. The
net amount of silver so purchased, after
making allowance for all resales, shall not
exceed at any one time the amount needed to
coin an aggregate number of standard silver
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
307
dollars equal to the aggregate number of
siaiiuard silver dollars theretofore melted or
broken up and soicl as bullion under the pro-
visions of this act, but such purchases of
silver shall continue until the net amount of
silver so puixnased, after making allowance
lor all resales, shall be sufficient to coin
therefrom an aggregate number of standard
silver dollars equal to the aggregate number
of standard silver dollars theretofore so melted
or broken up and sold as bullion.
Sec. 3. That sales of silver bullion under
authority of this act may be made for the
purpose of conserving the existing stock of
gold in the United States, of facilitating the
settlement in silver of trade balances adverse
to the United States, of providing silver for
subsidiary coinage and for commercial use,
and of assisting foreign governments at war
with the enemies of the United States. The
allocation of any silver to the director of the
mint for subsidiary coinage shall, for the
purposes of this act, be regarded as a sale
or resale.
Sec. 4. That the secretary of the treasury
is authorized, from any moneys in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated, to reimburse the
treasurer of the United States for the difference
between the nominal or face value of all
standard silver dollars so melted or broken up
and the value of the silver bullion, at $1 per
ounce of silver one thousand fine, resulting
from the melting or breaking up of such stand-
ard silver dollars.
Sec. 5. That in order to prevent contraction
of the currency, the federal reserve banks may
be either permitted or required by the federal
reserve board, at the request of the secretary
of the treasury, to issue federal reserve bank
notes, in. any denominations (including de-
nominations of $1 and $2) authorized by the
federal reserve board, in an aggregate amount
not exceeding the amount of standard silver
•dollars melted or broken up and sold as bul-
lion under authority of this act, upon deposit
as provided by law with the treasurer of the
United States as security therefor, of United
States certificates of indebtedness, or of United
States one year gold notes. The secretary of
the treasury may, at his option, extend the
time of payment of any maturing United States
certificates of indebtedness deposited as secur-
ity for such federal reserve bank notes for any
period not exceeding one year at any one ex-
tension and may, at his option, pay such
certificates of indebtedness prior to maturity,
whether or not so extended. The deposit of
United States certificates of indebtedness by
federal reserve banks as security for federal
reserve bank notes under authority of this
act shall be deemed to constitute an agreement
on the part of the federal reserve bank mak-
ing such deposit, that the secretary of the
treasury may so extend the time of payment of
such certificates of indebtedness beyond the
original maturity date or beyond any maturity
date to which such certificates of indebtedness
may have been extended, and that the sec-
retary of the treasury may pay such certifi-
cates in advance of maturity, whether or not
so extended.
Sec. 6. That as and when standard silver
dollars shall be coined out of bullion purchased
under authority of this act, the federal re-
serve banks shall be required by the federal
reserve board to retire federal reserve bank
notes issued under authority of section five of
this act, if then outstanding, in an amount
equal to the amount of standard silver dollars
so coined, and the secretary of the treasury
shall pay oft and cancel any United States cer-
tificates of indebtedness deposited as security
for federal reserve bank notes so retired.
Sec. 7. That the tax on any federal reserve
bank notes issued under authority of this
act, secured by the deposit of United States
certificates of indebtedness or United States
one year gold notes, shall be so adjusted that
the net return on such certificates of indebted-
ness, or such one year gold notes, calculated
on the face value thereof, shall be equal to
the net return on United States two per cent
bonds, used to secure federal reserve bank
notes, after deducting the amount of the tax
upon such federal reserve bank notes so
secured.
Sec. 8. That except as herein provided,
federal reserve bank notes issued under author-
ity of this act, shall be subject to all existing
provisions of law relating to federal reserve
bank notes.
Sec. 9. That the provisions of Title VII. of
an act approved June 15, 1917, entitled "An
act to punish acts of interference with the
foreign relations, the neutrality, and the for-
eign commerce of the United States, to punish
espionage, and better to enforce the criminal
laws of the United States, and for other pur-
poses," and the powers conferred upon the
president by subsection (b) of section 5 of
an act approved Oct. 6, 1917, known as the
"Trading with the enemy act," shall, in so
far as applicable to the exportation from or
shipment from or taking out of the United
States of silver coin or silver bullion, con-
tinue until the net amount of silver required
by section two of this act shall have been
purchased as therein provided. (Approved.
April 23, 1918.)
THIRD LIBERTY BOND ACT.
Be it enacted, etc., That the first section of
the act approved Sept. 24, 1917, entitled "An
act to authorize an additional issue of bonds
to meet expenditures for the national security
and defense, and, for the purpose of assisting
in the prosecution of the war, to extend addi-
tional credit to foreign governments, and for
other purposes," be, and is hereby, amended to
read as follows:
"That the secretary of the treasury, with
the approval of the president, is hereby author-
ized to borrow, from time to time, on the
credit of the United States for the purposes of
this act, and to meet expenditures authorized
for the national security and defense and other
public purposes authorized by law, not exceed-
ing in the aggregate $12,000,000,000, and to
issue therefor bonds of the United States, in
addition to the $2,000,000,000 bonds already
issued or offered for subscription under au-
thority of the act approved April 24, 1917,
entitled 'An act to authorize an issue of bonds
to meet expenditures for the national security
and defense, and, for the purpose of assisting
in the prosecution of the war, to extend credit
to foreign governments, and for other pur-
poses' : Provided, That of this sum $3,063,-
945.460 shall be in lieu of that amount of
the unissued bonds authorized by sections 1
and 4 of the act approved April 24, 1917,
$225,000,000 shall be in lieu of that amount
of the unissued bonds authorized by section 39
of the act approved Aug. 5, 1909, $150,-
000.000 shall be in lieu of the unissued bonds
authorized by the joint resolution approved
March 4, 1917, and $100,000,000 shall be in
lieu of the unissued bonds authorized by
section 400 of the act approved March 3, 1917.
"The bonds herein authorized shall be in
such form or forms and denomination or de-
nominations and subject to such terms and
conditions of issue, conversion, redemption,
maturities, payment, and rate or rates 01
interest, not exceeding- 414 Per cent per an-
num, and time or times of payment of inter-
est as the secretary of the treasury from time
to time at or before the issue thereof may
prescribe. The principal and interest thereof
shall be payable in United States gold coin of
the present standard of valtie.
"The bonds herein authorized shall from
time to time first be offered at not less than
par as a popular loan, under such regulations,
prescribed by the secretary of the treasury
from time to time, as will in his opinion give
the people of the United States as nearly as
may be an equal opportunity . to participate
368
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
therein, but he may make allotment in full
upon applications for smaller amounts of
bonds in advance of any date which he may
set for the closing of subscriptions and may
reject or reduce allotments upon later applica-
tions and applications for larger amounts, and
may reject or reduce allotments upon applica-
tions from incorporated banks and trust com-
panies for their own account and make allot-
ment in full or larger allotments to others,
and may establish a graduated scale of allot-
ments, and may from time to time adopt any
or all of said methods, should any such action
be deemed by him to be in the public interest :
Provided, That such reduction or increase of
allotments of such bonds shall be made under
general rules to be prescribed by said secretary
and shall apply to all subscribers similarly
situated. And any portion of the bonds so
offered and not taken may be otherwise dis-
posed of by the secretary of the treasury in
such manner and at such price or prices, not
less than par, as he may determine. The
secretary may make special arrangements for
subscriptions at not less than par from per-
sons in the 'military or naval forces of the
United States, but any bonds issued to such
persons shall be in all respects the same as
other bonds of the same issue."
Sec. 2. That the last sentence of section two
of said act approved Sept. 24, 1917, be, and
is hereby, amended to read as follows:
"For the purposes of this section there is
appropriated, out of any money in the treas-
ury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of
$5,500,000,000, and in addition thereto the
unexpended balance of the appropriations made
by section 2 of said act approved April 24.
1917, or so much thereof as may be neces-
sary: Provided, That the authority granted by
this section to the secretary of the treasury
to establish credits for foreign governments,
as aforesaid, shall cease upon the termina-
tion of the war between the United States and
the imperial German government." ,
Sec. 3. That section 4 of said act approved
Sept. 24, 1917, is hereby amended by adding-
two new paragraphs, as follows:
"That holders of bonds bearing interest at
a higher rate than 4 per cent per annum,
whether issued (a) under section 1, or (b)
upon conversion of 4 per cent bonds issued
under section 1, or (c) upon conversion of
3% per cent bonds, issued under said act
approved April 24, 1917, or (d) upon con-
version of 4 per cent bonds issued upon
conversion of such 3 Ya per cent bonds shall
not be entitled to any privilege of conversion
under or pursuant to this section or other-
wise. The provisions of section 7 shall ex-
tend to all such bonds.
"If bonds bearing interest at a higher rate
than 4 per cent per annum shall be issued
before July 1, 1918, then any bonds bearing
interest at the rate of 4 per cent per an-
num which shall, after July 1, 1918, and
before the expiration of the six months' con-
version period prescribed by the secretary of
the treasury, be presented for conversion into
bonds bearing interest at such higher rate,
shall, for the purpose of computing the
amount of interest payable, be deemed to have
been converted on the dates for the payment
of the semiannual interest on the respective
bonds so presented for conversion, last pre-
ceding the date of such presentation."
Sec. 4. That the last sentence of section 5
of said act approved Sept. 24, 1917, be, and
is hereby, amended to read as follows:
"The sum of such certificates outstanding1
hereunder and under section 6 of said act ap-
proved April 24. 1917, shall not at any one
time exceed in the aggregate $8,000,000,000."
Sec. 5. That section 8 of said act approved
Sept. 24, 1917, be. and is hereby, amended to
read as follows:
"Sec. 8. That the secretary of the treasury,
in his discretion, is hereby authorized to de-
posit, in such incorporated banks and trust
companies as he may designate, the proceeds,
or any part thereof, arising from the sale of
the bonus and certificates of indebtedness and
war-savine-e certificates authorized by this act,
and arising from the payment of income and
excess profits taxes, and such deposits shall
bear such rate or rates of interest, and shall
be secured in such manner, and shall be made
upon and subject to such terms and condi-
tions as the secretary of the treasury may
from time to time prescribe: Provided, That
the provisions of section 5191 of the revised
statutes, as amended by the federal reserve
act, and the amendments thereof, with refer-
ence to the reserves required to be kept by
national banking associations and other mem-
ber banks of the federal reserve system, shall
not apply to deposits of public moneys by the
United States in designated depositaries. The
secretary of the treasury is hereby authorized
to designate depositaries in foreign countries
with which shall be deposited all public money
which it may be necessary or desirable to have
on deposit in such countries to provide for
current disbursements to the military and
naval forces of the United States and to the
diplomatic and consular and other representa-
tives of the United States in and about such
countries until six months after the termina-
tion of the war between the United States and
the imperial German government, and to pre-
scribe the terms and conditions of such de-
posits."
Sec. 6. That said act approved Sept. 24,
1917, is hereby amended by adding four new
sections, to read as follows:
"Sec. 14. That any bonds of the United
States bearing interest at a higher rate than 4
per cent per annum (whether issued under
section 1 of this act or upon conversion of
bonds issued under this act or under said act
approved April 24, 1917, which have been
owned by any person continuously for at least
six months prior to the date of his death, and
which upon such date constitute part of his
estate, shall, under rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the secretary of the treasury, be
receivable by the United States at par and
accrued interest in payment of any estate or
inheritance taxes imposed by the United States,
under or by virtue of any present or future
law upon such estate or the inheritance
thereof.
"Sec. 15. That the secretary of the treasury
is authorized, from time to time, until the ex-
piration of one year after the termination of
the war, to purchase bonds issued under
authority of this act, including bonds issued
upon conversion of bonds issued under this
act or said act approved April 24, 1917,
at such prices and upon such terms and con-
ditions as he may prescribe. The par amount
of bonds of any such series which may be
purchased in the twelve months' period begin-
ning on the date of issue shall not exceed one-
twentieth of the par amount of bonds of such
series originally issued, and in each twelve
months' period thereafter shall not exceed
one-twentieth of the amount of the bonds of
such series outstanding at the beginning of
such twelve months' period. The average cost
of the bonds of any series purchased in any
such twelve months' period shall not exceed
par and accrued interest.
"For the purposes of this section the secre-
tary of the treasury shall set aside, out of any
money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, a sum not exceeding one-twentieth of
the amount of such bonds issued before April
1, 1918, and as and when any more such
bonds are issued he shall set aside a sum not
exceeding one-twentieth thereof. Whenever, by
reason of purchases of bonds, as provided in
this section, the amount so set aside falls
below the sum which he deems necessary for
the purposes of this section, the secretary of
the treasury shall set aside such amount as he
shall deem necessary, but not more than
enough to bring the entire amount so set aside
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
369°
at such time up to one-twentieth of the
amount of such bonds then outstanding. The
amount so set aside by ' the secretary of the
treasury is hereby appropriated for the pur-
poses of this section, to be available until the
expiration of one year after the termination
of the war.
"The secretary of the treasury shall make to
congress at the beginning of each regular ses-
sion a report including a detailed statement
of the operations under this section.
"Sec. 16. That any of the bonds or certifi-
cates of indebtedness authorized by this act
may be issued by the secretary of the treasury
payable, principal and interest, in any foreign
money or foreign moneys, as expressed in such
bonds or certificates, but not also in United
States gold coin, and he may dispose of such
bonds or certificates in such manner and at
such prices, not less than par, as he may de-
termine, without compliance with the pro-
visions of the third paragraph of section 1.
In determining the amount of bonds and cer-,
tiftcates issuable under this act the dollar
equivalent of the amount of any bonds or cer-
tificates payable in foreign money or foreign
moneys shall be determined by the par of ex-
change at the date of issue thereof, as esti-
mated by the director of the mint, and pro-
claimed by the secretary of the treasury, in
pursuance of the provisions of section 25 of
the act approved Aug. 27, 1894, entitled 'An
act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for
the government, and for other purposes.' The
secretary of the treasury may designate deposi-
taries in foreign countries, with which may
be deposited as he may determine all or any
part of the proceeds of any bonds or certifi-
cates authorized by this act, payable in foreign
money or foreign moneys.
"Sec. 17. That the short title of this act
shall be 'Second liberty bond act.' "
Sec. 7. That the act entitled "An act to
authorize an issue of bonds to meet expendi-
tures for the national security and defense,
and, for the purpose of assisting in the prose-
cution of the war, to extend credit to foreign
governments, and for other purposes." ap-
proved April 24, 1917, is hereby amended by
adding a new section to read as follows:
"Sec. 9. That the short title of this act shall
be 'First liberty bond act." "
Sec. 8. That the short title of this act shall
be "Third liberty bond act." (Approved April
4, 1918.)
EXPORT TRADE ASSOCIATIONS.
Be it enacted, etc.. That the words "export
trade" wherever used in this act mean solely
trade or commerce in goods, wares or mer-
chandise exported, or in the course of being-
exported, from the United States or any ter-
ritory thereof to any foreign nation; but the
words "export trade" shall not be deemed
to include the production, manufacture or sell-
ing- for consumption or for resale, within the
United States or any territory thereof, of such
goods, wares or merchandise, or any act in
the course of such production, manufacture
or selling for consumption or for resale.
That the words "trade within the United
States" wherever used in this act mean trade
or commerce among the several states or in
any territory of the United States, or in the
District of Columbia, or between any such
territory and another, or between any such
territory or territories and* any state or states
or the District of Columbia, or between the
District of Columbia and any state or states.
That the word "association" wherever used
in this act means any corporation or combina>
tion, by contract or otherwise, of two or more
persons, partnerships or corporations.
Sec. 2. That nothing contained in the act
entitled "An act to protect trade and com-
merce against unlawful restraints and monop-
olies," approved July 2. 1890. shall be con-
strued as declaring to be illegal an associa-
tion enured into for the sole purpose of en-
gaging in export trade and actually engaged
solely in such export trade, or an agreement
made or act done in the course of export
trade by such association, provided such as-
sociation, agreement or act is not in restraint,
of trade within the United States, and is not
in restraint of the export trade of any domes-
tic competitor of such association: And pro-
vided further. That such association does not,
either in the United States or elsewhere, enter
into ?^ny agreement, understanding pr con-
spiracy, or do any act which artificially or
intentionally enhances or depresses prices,
within the United States of commodities of
the class exported by such association, pr
which substantially lessens competition within
the United States or otherwise restrains trade'
therein.
Sec. 3. That nothing contained in section T
of the act entitled "An act to supplement ex-
isting laws against unlawful restraints and
monopolies, and for other purposes." approved
Oct. 1^ 1914, shall be construed to forbid
the acquisition or ownership by any corpora-
tion of the whole or any part of the stock
or other capital of any corporation organized
solely for the purpose of engaging in export,
trade, and actually engaged solely in such ex-
port trade,' unless the effect of such acquisi-
tion or ownership may be to restrain trade or
substantially lessen competition within the-
United States.
Sec. 4. That the prohibition against "un-
fair methods of competition" and the remedies
provided for enforcing said prohibition con-
tained in the act entitled "An act to create
a federal trade commission, to define its powers
and duties, and for other purposes," approved
Sept. 26, 1914, shall be construed as extend-
ing to unfair methods of competition used in
export trade against competitors engaged in
export trade, even though the acts constitut-
ing such unfair methods are done without
the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.
Sec. 5. That every association now engaged
solely in export trade, within sixty days after
the passage of this act, and every associa-
tion entered into hereafter which engages,
solely in export trade, within thirty days after
its creation shall file with the federal trade
commission a verified written statement set-
ting forth the location of its offices or places
of business and the names and addresses of all
its officers and of all its stockholders or mem-
bers, and if a corporation, a copy of its cer-
tificate or articles of incorporation and by-
laws, and if unincorporated, a copy of its ar-
ticles or contract of association, and on the
1st day of January ' of each year thereafter
it shall make a like statement of the location
of its offices or places of business and the
names and addresses of all its officers and
of all its stockholders or members and of all
amendments to and changes in its articles or
certificate of incorporation or in its articles
or contract of association. It shall also fur-
nish to the commission such information as
the commission may require as to its organ-
ization, business, conduct, practices, manage-
ment and relation to other associations, cor-
porations, partnerships and individuals. Any
association which shall fail so to do shall not
have the benefit of the provisions of section 2
and section 3 of this act, and it shall also'
forfeit to the United States the sum of $100
for, each and every day of the continuance of
such failure, which forfeiture shall be pay-
able into the treasury of the United States,
and shall be recoverable in a civil suit in the
name of the United States brought in the dis-
trict where the association has its principal
office, or in any district in which it shall do.
business. It shall be the duty of the various
district attorneys under the direction of the
attorney-general of the United States, to pros-
ecute for the recovery of the forfeiture. The
costs and expenses of such prosecution shall
be paid out of the appropriation for the ex-
penses of the courts of the United States.
370
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Whenever the federal trade commission shall
'have reason to believe that an association or
any agreement made or act done by such as-
sociation is in restraint of trade within the
United States or in restraint of the export
trade of any domestic competitor of such as-
sociation, or that an association either in the
United States or elsewhere has entered intp
any agreement, understanding1 or conspiracy,
or done any act which artificially or,inten-
tionally enhances or depresses prices within
the United States of commodities of the class
exported by such association, or which sub-
stantially lessens competiti9n within the United
States or otherwise restrains trade therein, it
shall summon such association, its officers and
agents to appear before it, and thereafter con-
duct an investigation into the alleged viola-
tions of law. Upon investigation, if it shall
conclude that the law has been violated, it
may make to such association recommenda-
tions for the readjustment of its busfoess, in
order that it may thereafter maintain its or-
ganization and management and conduct its
business in accordance with law. If such as-
sociation fails to comply with the recom-
mendations of the federal trade commission,
said commission shall refer its finding's and
recommendations to the attorney-general of
the United States for such action thereon as
hie may deem proper.
For the purpose of enforcing- these provi-
sions the federal trade commission shall have
all the powers, so far as applicable, given
it in "An act to create a federal trade com-
mission, to define its powers and duties, and
lor other purposes." (Approved April 10,
1918.)
RAILROAD OPERATION LAW.
The president, having1 in time of war taken
over the possession, use, control and opera-
tion (called herein federal control) of certain
railroads and systems of transportation (called
herein carriers), is hereby authorized to agree
with and to guarantee to any such carrier
making1 operating1 returns to the interstate
commerce commission, that during1 the period
of such federal control it shall receive as just
compensation an annual sum. payable from
time to time in reasonable installments, for
each year and pro rata for any fractional year
of such federal control, not exceeding1 a sum
equivalent as nearly as may be to its average
annual railway operating1 income for the three
years ended Tune 30, 1917.
That any railway operating1 income accruing1
during1 the period of federal control in excess
of such just compensation shall remain the
property of the United States. In the compu-
tation of such income, debits and credits aris-
ing1 from the accounts called in the monthly
reports to the interstate commerce commission
equipment rents and joint facility rents shall
be included, but debits and credits arising1
from the operation of such street electric
passenger railways, including1 railways com-
monly called interurbans. as are at the time
of the agreement not under federal control,
shall be excluded. If any lines were ac-
quired by, leased to or consolidated with such
railroad or system between July 1, 1914. and
Dec. 31, 1917, both inclusive, and separate
operating1 returns to the interstate commerca
commission were not made for such lines
after such acquisition, lease or consolidation,
there shall (before the average is computed)
be added to the total railway operating income
of such railroad or system for the three years
ended June 30, 1917, the total railway oper-
ating1 income of: the lines so acquired, leased
or consolidated, for the period beginning July
1, 1914, and ending on the date of such ac-
euisition, lease or consolidation, or on Dec.
1. '917 whichever i« the earlier. The aver-
age annual railway Operating1 income shall be
ascertained by the interstate commerce com-
mission and certified by it to the president.
Its certificate shall, for the purpose of such
agreement, be taken as conclusive of the
amount of such average annual railway op-
erating income.
Every such agreement shall provide that any
federal taxes under the act of Oct. 3, 1917.
or acts in addition thereto or in amendment
thereof, commonly called war taxes, assessed
for the period of federal control beginning1
Jan. 1, 1918. or any part of such period, shall
be paid by the carrier out of its own funds,
or snail be charged against or deducted from
the just compensation: that other taxes as-
sessed under federal or any other governmental
authority for the period of federal control or
any part thereof, either on the property used
under such federal control or on the right to
operate as a carrier, or on the revenues or
any part thereof derived from operation (not
including1, however, assessments for public
improvements or taxes assessed on property
under construction, and chargeable under the
classification of the interstate commerce com-
mission to investment in road and equipment) ,
shall be paid out of revenues derived from
railway operations while under federal con-
trol; that all taxes assessed under federal or
any other governmental authority for the
period prior to Jan. 1, 1918, whenever levied
or payable, shall be paid by the carrier out
of its own funds, or shall be charged against
or deducted from the just compensation.
Every such agreement shall also contain ade-
quate and appropriate provisions for the main-
tenance, repair, renewals and depreciation of
the property, for the creation of any reserves
or reserve funds found necessary in connec-
tion therewith, and for such accounting and
adjustments of charges and payments, both
during1 and at the end of federal control as
may be requisite in order that the property
of each carrier may be returned to it in sub-
stantially as good repair and in substantially
as complete equipment as it was in at the
beginning of federal control, and, .also that the
United States may, by deductions from the
just compensations or by other proper means
and charges, be reimbursed for the cost of
any additions, repairs, renewals and better-
ments to such property not justly chargeable
to the United States: in making; such ac-
counting1 and adjustments, due consideration
shall be given to the amounts expended or re-
served by each carrier for maintenance, re-
pairs, renewals and depreciation during the
three years ended June 30, 1917, to the con-
dition of the property at the beginning1 and at
the end of federal control and to any other
pertinent facts and circumstances.
The president is further authorized in such
agreement to make all other reasonable pro-
visions, not inconsistent with the provisions
of this act or of the act entitled "An act
making- appropriations for the support of the
army for the fiscal year ending1 June 30.
1917, and for other purposes." approved
Aug. 29, 1910. that he may deem necessary
or proper for such federal control or for the
determination of thft mutual rights and obli-
gations of the parties to the agreement aris-
ing from or out of such federal control.
If the president shall find that the condi-
tion of any carrier was during all or 'a sub-
stantial portion of tke period of three years
ended June 30, 1917, because of nonopera-
tion, receivership or* where recent expenditures
for additions or improvements or equipment
were not fully reflected in the operating- rail-
way income of said three years or a substan-
tial portion thereof, or because of any un-
developed or abnormal conditions, so excep-
tional as to make the basis of earnings here-
inabove provided for plainly inequitable as a
fair measure of just compensation, then the
president may make with the carrier such
agreement for such amount as just compensa-
tion as under the circumstances of the par-
ticular case he shall find just.
That every railroad not owned, controlled or
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
371
operated by another carrier company, and
which has heretofore competed for traffic with
a railroad or railroads of which the president
has taken the possession, use and control, or
which connects with such -railroads and is
engaged aa a common carrier in general trans-
portation, shall be held and considered as
within "federal control," as herein defined, and
necessary for the prosecution of the war, and
shall be entitled to the benefit of all the pro-
visions of this act : Provided, however. That
nothing: in this paragraph shall be construed
as including any street or interurban electric
railway which has as its principal source of
operating revenue urban, suburban or inter-
urban passenger traffic, or sale of power,
heat and light, or both.
The agreement shall also provide that the
carrier shall accept all the terms and condi-
tions of this act and any regulation or order
made by or through the president under
authority of this act or of that portion of
the act entitled "An act making appropria-
tions for the support of the army for the fis-
cal year ending June 30. 1917, and for other
purposes," approved Aug. 29, 1916, which
authorizes the president in time of war to
take possession, assume control and utilize
systems of transportation.
Sec. 2. That if no such agreement is made,
or pending the execution of an agreement, the
president may nevertheless pay to any carrier
while under federal control an annual amount,
payable in reasonable installments, not exceed-
ing 90 per cent of the estimated annual
amount of just compensation, remitting such
carrier, in case where no agreement is made,
to its legal rights for any balance claimed
to the remedies provided in section 3 herepf.
Any amount thereafter found due such carrier
above the amount paid shall bear interest at
the rate of 6 per cent per annum. The
acceptance of any benefits under this section
shall constitute an acceptance by the carrier
of all the provisions of this act and shall
obligate the carrier to pay to the United
States, with interest at the rate of 6 per
cent per annum from a date or dates fixed
in proceedings under section 3, the amount
by which the sums received under this section
exceed the sum found due in such proceed-
ing's.
Sec. 3. That all claims for just compensa-
tion not adjusted (as provided in section 1)
shall- on the application of the president or
of any carrier, be submitted to boards, each
consisting of three referees to be appointed
by the interstate commerce commission, mem-
bers of which and the official force thereof
being eligible for service on such boards with-
out additional compensatipn. Such boards of
referees are hereby authorized to summon wit-
nesses, require the production of records,
books, correspondence, documents, memoranda
and other papers, view properties, administer
oaths, and may hold hearing's in Washington
and elsewhere, as their duties and the con-
venience of the parties may require. In case
of disobedience to a subpoena the board may
invoke the aid of any District court of the
United States in requiring the attendance and
testimony of witnesses and the production of
documentary evidence, and such court within
the jurisdiction of which such inquiry is car-
ried on may, in case of contumacy or refusal
to obey a subpoena issued to any person, cor-
poration, partnership or association, issue an
order requiring appearance before the board,
or the production of documentary evidence if
so ordered, or the giving of evidence touch-
ing the matter in question; and any failure
to obey such order of the court may be
punished by such court as a contempt thereof.
Such cases may be heard separately or to-
gether or by classes, by such boards as the
interstate commerce commission in the first
instance, or any board of referees to which
any such cases shall be referred may deter-
mine. Said boards shall give full hearings to
such carriers and to the United States;' shall
consider all the facts and circumstances, and
shall report as soon as practicable in each
case to the president the just compensation,
calculated on an annual basis and otherwise
in such form as to be convenient and avail-
able for the making of such agreement as is
authorized in section 1. The president is
authorized to enter into an agreement with
such carrier for just compensation upon a
basis not in excess of that reported by such
board, and may include therein proyisions
similar to those authorized under section 1.
Failing such agreement, either the United
States or such carrier may file a petition in
the Court of Claims for the purpose of de-
termining the amount of such just compensa-
tion, and in the proceedings in said court the
report of said referees shall be prima facie
evidence of the amount of just compensation
and of the facts therein stated. Proceedings
in the Court of Claims under this section
shall be given precedence and expedited in
every practicable way.
Sec. 4. That the just compensation that may
be determined as hereinbefore provided by
agreement or that may be adjudicated by the
Court of Claims, shall be increased by an
amount reckoned at a reasonable rate per
centum to be fixed by the president upon the
cost of any additions and betterments, less"
retirements, and upon the cost of road ex-
tensions to the property of such carrier made
by such carrier with the approval of or by
order of the president while such property is
under federal control.
Sec. 5. That no carrier while under federal
control shall, without the prior approval of
the president, declare or pay any dividend in
excess of its regular rate of dividends during
the three years ended June 30, 1917 : Provided,
however. That such carriers as have paid no
regular dividends or no dividends during said
period may, with the prior approval of the
president, pay dividends at such rate as the
president may determine.
Sec. 6. That the sum of $500,000.000 is
hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the
treasury not otherwise appropriated, which,
together with any funds available from any
operating income of said carriers, may be
used by the president as a revolving' fund for
the purpose of paying the expenses of the
federal control, and so far as necessary the
amount of just compensation, and to provide
terminals, motive power, cars and other neces-
sary equipment, such terminals, motive power,
cars and equipment to be used and accounted
for as the president may direct and to be dis-
posed of as congress may hereafter by law
provide.
The president may also make or oitfer any
carrier to make any additions, betterments or
road extensions, and to provide terminals,
motive power, oars and other equipment neces-
sary or desirable for war purposes or in the
public interest on or in connection with the
property of any carrier. He may from said
revolving fund advance to such carrier all or
any part of the expense of such additions,
betterments or road extensions, and to pro-
vide terminals, motive power, cars and other
necessary equipment ao ordered and construct-
ed by such carrier or by the president, such
advances to be charged against such carrier
and to bear interest at such rate and be pay-
able on such terms as may be determined by
the president, to the end that the United
States may be fully reimbursed for any sums
so advanced.
Any loss claimed by any carrier by reason
of any such additions, betterments or road ex-
tensions so ordered and constructed may be
determined by agreement between the presi-
dent and such carrier; failing such agreement
the amount of such loss shall be ascertained
as provided in section 3 hereof.
From said revolving fund the president may
expend such an amount as he may deem neces-
372
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
sary or desirable lor the utilization and op-
eration oi canals, or lor the purchase, con-
struction or utilization and operation of
boats, barges, tugs and other transportation
facilities on the inland, canal and coastwise
waterways, and may in the operation and use
of such facilities create or employ such agen-
cies and enter into such contracts and agree-
ments as he shall deem in the public interest.
Sec. 7. That for the purpose of providing
funds requisite for maturing1 obligations or
for other legal and proper expenditures, or
for reorganizing railroads in receivership, car-
riers may, during the period of federal control,
issue such bonds, notes, equipment trust •certi-
ficates, stock and other forms of securities,
secured or unsecured by mortgage, as the pres-
ident may first approve as consistent with the
public interest. The president may, out of
the revolving fund created by this act, pur-
chase for the United States all or any part
of such securities at prices not exceeding- par,
and may sell such securities whenever in his
judgment it is desirable at prices not less than
the cost thereof. Any securities so purchased
shall be held by the secretary of the treasury,
who shall, under the direction of the presi-
dent, represent the United States in all mat-
ters in connection therewith in the same man-
ner as a private holder thereof. The presi-
dent shall each year as soon as practicable
alter Jan. 1, cause a detailed report to be
submitted to the congress of all receipts and
expenditures made under this section and
section 6 during the preceding calendar year.
Sec. 8. That the president may execute any
of the powers herein and heretofore granted
him with relation to federal control through
such agencies as he may determine, and may
fix the reasonable compensation for the per-
formance ol services in connection therewith,
and may avail himself of the advice, assist-
ance and co-operation of the interstate com-
merce commission and of the members and
employes thereof, and may also call upon
any department, commission or board of the
government for such services as he may deem
expedient. But no such official or employe ol
the United States shall receive any additional
compensation for such services except as now
permitted by law.
Sec. 9. That the provisions of the act en-
titled "An act making appropriations for the
support of the army for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1917, and for other purposes,"
approved Aug. 29, 1916, shall remain in force
and effect except as expressly modified and re-
stricted by this act : and the- president, in ad-
dition to the powers conferred by this act.
shall have and is hereby given such other
and further powers necessary or appropriate
to give effect to the powers herein and here-
tofore conferred. The provisions ol this act
shall also apply to any carriers to which fed-
eral control may be hereafter extended.
Sec. 10. That carriers while under federal
C9ntrol shall be subject to all laws and lia-
bilities as common carriers, whether arising
under state or federal laws or at common law,
except vi so far as may be inconsistent with
the provisions of this act or any other act
applicable to such federal control or with any
order of the president. Actions at law or suits
in equity may be brought by and against
such carriers and judgments rendered as now
provided by law; and in any action at law or
suit in equity against the carrier, no defense
shall be made thereto upon the ground that
the carrier is an instrumentality or agency ol
the federal government. Nor shall any such
carrier be entitled to have transferred to a
federal C9urt any action heretofore or here-
after instituted by or against it. which action
was not so transferable prior to the federal
control of such carrier: and any action which
has heretofore been so transferred because of
such ffderal control or of any act ol congress
or official order or proclamation relating
thereto shall upon motion ol either party be
retransferred to the court in which it was
originally instituted. But no process, mesne
or final, shall be levied against any property
under such federal control.
That during the period of federal control,
whenever in his opinion the public interest
requires, the president may initiate rates,
fares, charges, classifications, regulations and
practices by filing the same with the inter-
state commerce commission, which said rates,
fares, charges, classifications, regulations and
practices shall not be suspended by the com-
mission pending final determination.
Said rates, lares, charges, classifications, reg-
ulations and practices shall be reasonable and
just and shall take effect at such time and
upon such notice as he may direct, but the
interstate commerce commission shall, upon
complaint, enter upon a hearing concerning
the justness and reasonableness of so much
of any order ol the president as establishes or
changes any rate, fare, charge, classification,
regulation or practice of any carrier un/ier
federal control, and may consider all the facts
and circumstances existing at' the time of the
making of the same. In determining any ques-
tion concerning1 any such rates, fares, charges,
classifications, regulations or practices or
changes therein, the interstate commerce com-
mission shall give due consideration to the
fact that the transportation systems are being
operated under a unified and co-ordinated
national control and not in competition.
After full hearing the commission may make
such findings and orders as are authorized by
the act to regulate commerce as amended,
and said findings and orders shall be enforced
as provided in said act: Provided, however.
That when the president shall find and cer-
tify to the interstate commerce commission
that in order to defray the expenses of fed-
eral control and operation fairly chargeable to
railway operating expenses, and also to pay
railway tax accruals other than war taxes,
net rents for joint facilities and equipment,
and compensation to the carriers, operating
as a unit, it is necessary to increase the rail-
way operating revenues, the interstate com-
merce commission in determining the justness
and reasonableness of any rate, fare, charge,
classification, regulation or practice shall take
into consideration said finding and certificate
by the president, together with such recom-
mendations as he may make.
Sec. 11. That every person or corporation,
whether carrier or shipper, or any receiver,
trustee, lessee, agent or person acting for or
employed by a carrier or shipper, or other
person, who shall knowingly violate or lail
to observe any of the provisions of this act.
or shall knowingly interfere with or impede
the possession, 'Use. operation or control of
any railroad property, railroad or transporta-
tion system hitherto or hereafter taken over
by the president, or shall knowingly violate
any of the provisions of any order or regula-
tion made in pursuance of this act, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon con-
viction, be punished by a fine of not more
than 85,000, or, if a person, by imprisonment
for not more than two years, or both. Each
independent transaction constituting a viola-
tion of, or a failure to observe, any of the
provisions of this act, or any order entered
in pursuance hereof, shall constitute a sep-
arate offense. For the taking or conversion
to his own use or the embezzlement of money
or property derived from or used in connec-
tion 'with the possession, use or operation of
said railroads or transportation systems, the
criminal statutes ol the United States, as well
as the criminal statutes ol the various states
where applicable, shall apply to all officers,
agents and employes engaged in said railroad
and transportation service, while the same is
under lederal control, to the same extent as
to persons employed in the regular service ol
the United States. Prosecutions for violations
ol this act or ol any order entered hereunder
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
373
shall be in the District courts ol the United
States, under the direction ol the attorney-
general, in accordance with the procedure for
the collection and imposing of fines and pen-
alties now existing in said courts.
Sec. 12. That moneys and other property
derived from the operation of the carriers dur-
ing federal control are hereby declared to be
the property of the United States. Unless
otherwise directed by the president, such
moneys shall not be covered into the treasury,
but such moneys and property shall remain
in the custody of the same officers, and the
accounting thereof shall be in the same man-
ner and form as before federal control. Dis-
bursements therefrom shall, without further
appropriation, be made in the same manner as
before federal control and for such purposes
as under the interstate commerce commission
classification of accounts in force on Dec. 27.
1917, are chargeable to operating expenses or
to railway tax accruals and for such other
purposes in connection with federal control as
the president may direct, except that taxes
under titles one and two of the act entitled
"An act to provide revenue to defray war
expenses, and for other purposes," approved
Oct. 3, 1917. or any act in addition thereto
or in amendment thereof, shall be paid by
the carrier out of its own funds. II federal
control begins or ends during the tax year
for which any taxes so chargeable to railway
tax accruals are assessed, the taxes for such
• year shall be apportioned to the date • ol the
beginning or ending of such federal control,
and disbursements shall be made only lor that
portion of uch taxes as is due for the part
of such tax year which falls within the period
of federal control-.
At such periods as the president may direct,
the books shall be closed and the balance of
revenues over disbursements shall be covered
into the treasury ol the United States to the
credit ol the revolving lund created by this
act. II such revenues are insufficient to meet
such disbursements, the deficit shall be paid
out ol such revolving- lund in such manner
•as the president may direct.
Sec. 13. That all pending cases in the courts
ol the United States affecting railroads or
other transportation systems brought under
the act to regulate commerce, approved Feb.
4, 1887. as amended and supplemented, in-
cluding the commodities clause, so called, or
under the act to protect trade and commerce
against unlawful restraints and monopolies,
approved July 2, 1890, and amendments
thereto, shall proceed to final determination
as soon as may be, as il the United States
had not assumed control ol transportation
systems: but in any such case the court hav-
ing jurisdiction may, upon the application of
the United States, stay execution of final
judgment or decree until such time as it shall
deem proper.
Sec. 14. That the federal control of rail-
roads and transportation systems herein and
heretofore provided for shall continue for and
during the period of the war and for a rea-
sonable time thereafter, which shall not ex-
ceed one year and nine months next follow-
ing the date of the proclamation by the presi-
dent of the exchange of ratifications of the
treaty of peace: Provided, however. That the
president may. prior to July 1, 1918, relin-
quish control ol all or any part of any rail-
road or system of transportation, further
federal control ol which the president shall
deem not needful or desirable: and the presi-
dent may at any time during the period of
federal control agree with the owners thereof
to relinquish all or any part of any railroad
or system of transportation. The president
may relinquish all railroads and systems of
transportation under federal control at any
time he shall deem such action needful or de-
sirable. No right to compensation shall accrue
to such owners from and alter the date ol
relinquishment for the property so relin-
quished.
Sec. 15. That nothing in this act shall be
construed to amend, repeal, impair or affect
the existing laws or powers of the states in
relation to taxation or the lawful police regu-
lations ol the several states, except wherein
such laws, powers or regulations may affect
the transportation ol troops, war materials,
government supplies or the issue ol stocks
and bonds.
Sec. 16. That this act is expressly declared
to be emergency legislation enacted to meet
conditions growing out ol war; and nothing
herein is to be construed as expressing or
prejudicing the luture policy ol the federal
government concerning the ownership, control
or regulation of carriers or the method or
basis ol the capitalization thereof. (Ap-
proved March 21, 1918.)
PUNISHMENT FOB DESTROYING WAB
MATEBIAL.
("Sabotage" Act.)
The words "war material" as used in the
act shall include arms, armament, ammunition,
live stock, stores ol clothing, iood, foodstuffs
or fuel: and shall also include supplies, muni-
tions and all other articles of whatever de-
scription, and any part or ingredient thereof,
intended for. adapted to or suitable for the
use of the United States, or any associate
nation, in connection with the conduct ol the
war.
The words "war premises," as used, shall in-
clude all buildings, grounds, mines or other
places wherein such war material is being
produced, manufactured, repaired, stored,
mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded
or transported, togethpr with all machinery
and appliances therein contained: and all
forts, arsenals, navy yards, camps, prisons or
other military or naval stations ol the United
States or any associate nation.
The words "war utilities," as used, shall in-
clude all railroads, railways, electric lines,
roads ol whatever description, railroad or rail-
way fixture, canal, lock, dam, wharf, pier,
dock, bridge, building, structure, engine, ma-
chine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle,
boat or aircrait, or any other means ol trans-
portation whatsoever, whereon or whereby
such war material or any troops ol the
United States, or ol any associate nation, are
being or may be transported either within the
limits ol the United States or upon the high
seas: and all dams, reservoirs, aqueducts,
water and gas mains and pipes, structures and
buildings, whereby or in connection with
which water or gas is being lurnished, or may
be lurnished, to any war premises or to the
military or naval lorces ol the United States,
or any associate nation, and all electric light
and pover, steam or pneumatic power, tele-
phone and telegraph plants, poles, wires and
fixtures and wireless stations, and the build-
ings connected with the maintenance and oper-
ation thereof used to supply water, light, heat,
power or facilities of communication to any
war premises or to the military or naval
forces ol the United States or any associate
nation.
The words "United States" shall include the
Canal Zone and all territory and waters, con-
tinental and insular, subject to the jurisdic-
tion ol the United States.
The words "associate nation." as used in
this act, shall be deemed to mean any nation
at war with any nation with which the United
States is at war.
When the United States is at Var. whoever,
with intent to injure, interfere with or ob-
struct the United States or any associate
nation in preparing for or carrying on the
war, or whoever, with reason to believe that
his act may injure, interfere with or obstruct
the United States or any associate nation in
preparing for or carrying on the war. shall
willfully injure or destroy, or shall attempt to
374
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
so injure or destroy, any war material, war
premises qr war utilities, as herein defined,
shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not
more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more
than thirty years, or both.
When the United States is at war, whoever,
with intent to injure, interfere with or ob-
struct the United States or any associate nation
in preparing1 for or carrying1 on the war, or
whoever, with reason to believe that his act
may injure, interfere with or obstruct the
United States or any associate nation in pre-
paring- for or carrying1 on the war, shall will-
fully make or cause to be made in a defective
manner, or attempt to make or cause to be
made in a defective manner, any war material,
as herein defined, or any tool, implement, ma-
chine, utensil or receptacle used or employed
in making-, producing1, manufacturing1 or re-
pairing1 any such war material, as herein de>
fined, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined
not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not
more than thirty years, or both. (Approved
April 20, 1918.)
WOMAN ALIEN ENEMIES.
- Section* 4067 of the revised statutes is
amended by extending1 its scope to include
women, making1 the section read as follows:
"Section 4067. Whenever there is a declared
war between the United States and any for-
eign nation or government, or any invasion
or predatory incursion is perpetrated, at-
tempted or threatened against the territory of
the United States by any foreign nation or
government, and the president makes public
proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens,
denizens or subjects of the hostile nation or
government being of the age of 14 years and
upward, who shall be within the United States
and not actually naturalized, shall be liable
to be apprehended, restrained, secured and re-
moved as alien enemies. The president is
authorized, in any such event, by his procla-
mation thereof, or other public act, to direct
the conduct to be observed, on the part of the
United States, toward the aliens who become
so liable: the manner and degree of the re-
straint to which they shall be subject and in
what cases, and upon what security their res-
idence shall be permitted, and to provide for
the removal of those whp, not being permitted
to reside within the United States, refuse or
negject to depart therefrom; and to establish
any other regulations which are found neces-
sary in the premises and for the public
safety." (Approved April 16. 1918.)
HOUSING OP SHIPYARD EMPLOYES.
The United States shipping board emergency
fleet corporation is authorized within the limits
of the amounts herein authorized —
(a) To purchase, lease, requisition, or ac-
quire by condemnation or otherwise any im-
proved or unimproved land or any interest
therein suitable for the construction thereon
of houses for the use of employes and the
families of employes of shipyards in which
ships are being constructed for the United
States.
(b) To construct on such land for the use
of such employes and their families houses
and all other necessary or convenient facilities,
upon such conditions and at such price as may
be determined by it, and to sell, lease, or ex-
change such houses, land, and facilities upon
Bu.ch terms and conditions as it may determine.
<c) To purchase, lease, requisition, or ac-
tjuire by condemnation or otherwise any houses
or other buildings for the use of such em-
ployes and their families, together with the
land on which the same are erected, or any
interest therein, all necessary and proper fix-
tures and furnishings therefor, to manag-e,
repair, sell, lease, or exchange such lands,
houses, building's, fixtures, furnishings and
facilities upon such terms and conditions as it
may determine to carry out the purposes of
this act.
(d) To make loans to persons, firms, or
corporations in such manner, upon such terms
and security, and for such time not exceeding
ten years, as it may determine, to provide
houses and facilities for the employes and the
families of employes of such shipyards.
Whenever said -United States shipping board
emergency fleet corporation shall acquire by
requisition or condemnation such property or
any interest therein, it shall determine and
make just compensation therefor, and if the
amount so determined is unsatisfactory to the
person entitled to receive the same, such per-
son shall be paid 75 per cent of the amount
so determined, and shall be entitled to sue the
United States to recover such further sum as
will make such an amount as will be just
compensation for the property or interest
therein so taken.
Whenever the United States shipping board
emergency _fleet . corporation shall requisition
any property or rights, or upon the filing of
a petition for condemnation hereunder, im-
mediate possession may be taken by it of
such land, houses, or other property, rights,
and facilities, to th extent of the interests to
be acquired therein.
The power to acquire property by purchase,
lease, requisition, or condemnation, or to con-
struct houses, or other buildings, and to make
loans, or otherwise extend aid as Ifa-ein
granted, shall cease with the termination of
the present war with Germany. The date of
the conclusion of the war shall be declared by
proclamation of the president.
That for the purpose of carrying out the
provisions of this act the expenditure of $50,-
000,000 is authorized, and in executing the
authority grnnted by this act, the said United
States shipping board emergency fleet corpora-
tion shall not expend or obligate the United
States to expend more than the said sum, nor
shall any contract for construction be en-
tered into which provides ',hat the compensa-
tion of the contractor shall be the cost of con-
struction plus a percentage thereof for Drofit,
unless such contract shall also fix the reason-
able cost of such construction as d'ermined
by the emergency fleet corporation and11 provide
that upon any increase in oost above the rea-
sonable cost so fixed by such board, the per-
centage of profit shall decrease as the cost
increases in accordance with a rate to be
fixed by the board and expressed in the con-
tract. Nothing herein contained shall be con-
strued to prevent the board from contracting
for the payment of premiums or bonuses for
the speedy completion of the work contracted
for. The United States shipping board emer-
gency fleet corporation shall report to congress
on the first Monday in December of each year
the names of all persons or corporations with
whom it has made contracts and of such sub-
contractors as may be employed in furtherance
of this act, including a statement of the pur-
poses and amounts thereof, together with a
detailed statement of all expenditures by con-
tract or otherwise for land, buildings, ma-
terial, labor, salaries, commissions., demurrage,
or other charges in excess of $10,000. (Ap-
proved March 1, 1918.)
TRANSPORTATION FOR SHIPYARD
EMPLOYES.
The act amends the urgent deficiency appro-
priation act of June 15, 1917, by adding to the
shipping fund provisions a new provision
reading1 ns follows:
"(f) To take possession of, lease or assume
control of, any street railroad, interurban rail-
road, or part thereof rherever operated, and
all cars, appurtenances and "ranchises or parts
thereof commonly used .in connection with the
operation thereof necessary for the transfer
and transportation of employes of shipyards or
plants engaged or that may hereafter be en-
gaged in the construction of ships or equip-
ment therefor for the United Ctates."
Paragraph (b) of section 1 of the act in
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
375
amended by adding-, after the word "material,"
the following worus, "or taKe possession, lease
or assume control of any street railroad, in-
terurban railroad, or part thereof, cars and
other equipment necessary to operaiion."
Upon vaHing possession of such property, or
leasing- or assuming- conirol thereof, gust com-
pensation shall be made therefor, to be de-
termined by the president, and if the amount
thereof so determined by the president is un-
satisfactory to the person entitled to receive
the same, such person shall be paid 75 per
cent of the amount so determined by the
president and shall be entitled to sue the
United States of America to recover such fur-
ther sums as added to 75 per cent will
make up such amount as whl be just compen-
sation therefor, in the manner provided for by
sectipn 24, paragraph 20, and section 145 of
the judicial code.
The president may exercise the power and
authority vested in him through the several
departments of the government, and through
such agency or agencies as he shall determine
from time to time. (Approved April 22,
1918.)
PROTECTION OF HOMING PIGEONS.
It is declared to be unlawful knowingly to
entrap, capture, shoot, kill, possess, or in any
way detain an Antwerp, or homing-, pig-eon,
commonly called carrier pig-eon, which is owned
by the United States or bears a band owned
and issued by the United States having thereon
the letters "U. S. A." or "U. S. N." and a serial
number.
The possession or detention of any such
pig-eon by any person or persons in any loft,
house, cage, building-, or structure in the
ownership or under the control of such person
or persons without giving- immediate notice by
registered mail to the nearest military or naval
authorities, shall be prima facie evidence of a
violation of the act.
Any person violating- the provisions .of the
act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a
fine of not more than $100, or by imprison-
ment for not more than six months, or by
both such fine and imprisonment. (Approved
April 19, 1918.)
LANDS FOR MILITARY PURPOSES.
The act authorizing- condemnation proceed-
ing- of lands for military purposes, approved
July 2, 1917, is amended by adding- the fol-
lowing-: "and for the construction and opera-
tion of plants for the production of nitrates
and other compounds and the manufacture of
explosives and other munitions of war and
for the development and transmission of power
lor the operation of such plants." (Approved
April 11, 1918.)
PROFESSORS OF MILITARY SCIENCE.
Sections 45, 46 and 56 of the act making-
further provision for the national defense ap-
proved June 3, 1916, are suspended for the
period of the war. after which they- shall be-
come reinstated. During- the present war the pres-
ident is authorized to detail such number of
officers of the army of the United States,
either active or retired, not above the grade of
colonel, as may be necessary for duty as pro-
fessors and assistant professors of military
science and tactics at institutions where one or
more units of the reserve officers' training-
corps are maintained; but the total number of
active officers so detailed shall not exceed
1,000 and no olficer shall be so detailed who
has not had at least one year's commissioned
service in the army of the United States. Re-
tired officers below the grade of lieutenant-
colonel so detailed shall receive the full pay
and allowances of their grade, and retired
officers above the grade of major so detailed
shall receive the same pay and allowances as
a retired major would receive under like detail.
During the presejit war the president is
authorized to detail for duty at institutions
wnere one or more units of the reserve offi-
cers' training- corps are maintained such num-
oer of enlisted men, either active or retired, of
the army of the United States as he may
deem necessary, but the active noncommis-
sioned officers so detailed shall have had at
least one year's active service, and the total
number of such active noncommissioned officers
so detailed shall not exceed 3,000 and shall be
additional in their respective grades to those
otherwise authorized for the army of the
United States. While detailed under the pro-
visions of this section retired noncommis-
sioned officers of the army of the United
States shall receive active pay and allowances.
During- the present war such arms, tentagre
and equipment as the secretary of war shall
deem necessary for -proper military training
shall be supplied by the government to schools
and colleg"es other than those provided for in
section 47 of the national defense act, approved
June 3, 1916, having- a course of military
training- prescribed by the secretary of war,
and having- not less than 100 physically fit
male students above the age of 14 years, under
such rules and regulations as he may pre-
scribe; and the secretary of war is hereby
authorized during- the present war to detail
commissioned and noncommissioned officers of
the army of the United States to said schools
and colleges, detailing; not less than one such
officer or noncommissioned officer to each 500
students under military instruction; but no
officer or noncommissioned officer shall be so
detailed who has not had at least one year's
active service in the army of the United States.
(Approved April 17, 1918.)
INDEMNITY FOR ARMY DAMAGES
ABROAD.
Claims of inhabitants of France or of any
other European country not an enemy or ally
of an enemy for damages caused by American
military forces may be presented to any officer
designated by the president, and when approved
by such an officer shall be paid under regula-
tions made by the secretary of war.
Claims under this statute shall not be ap-
proved unless they would be payable aecprding
to the law or practice governing the military
forces of the country in which they occur.
Hereafter appropriations for the incidental
expenses of the quartermaster corps shall be-
available for paying the claims herein de-
scribed.
This statute does not supersede other modes
of indemnity now in existence and does not
diminish responsibility of any member of the-
military forces to the person injured or to the
United States. (Approved April 18, 1918.)
PHILIPPINE MILITIA IN SERVICE.
The militia and other locally created armed:
forces in the Philippine islands may be called/
into the service of the United States, and all
members thereof may be drafted into the serv-
ice and organized in such manner as is or may
be provided by law for calling or drafting the-
national guard into the service, and shall in
all respects while therein be upon the same
footing- with members of the national guard
so called or drafted: Provided, That the pay
and allowances of officers and men of the
Philippine militia and other locally created
armed forces when serving in the Philippine
islands shall in no case exceed the pay and al-
lowances for corresponding grades of Philip-
pine scouts. (Approved Jan. 26, 1918.)
GARABED INVENTION.
The secretary of the interior is authorized to
accept, as trustee for the United States gov-
ernment, from Garabed T. K. Giragossian an
assignment of the right to utilize for the-
government's own use his discovery or inven-
tion to be known as the "Garabed." The as-
signment shall be free of charge or expense.
376
ALMANAC AND .YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
The secretary of the interior is authorized
to perform any and all acts as may be neces-
sary to carry this resolution into effect: Pro-
vided, however. That Garabed T. K. Giragos-
sian shall demonstrate the practicability of his
discovery or invention to a commission of five
eminent scientists, who shall be appointed by
Garabed T. K. Giragossian and be approved by
the secretary of the interior.
If such demonstration shall in the opinion of
the scientists prove the practicability pf the
discovery or invention, and that he is the
original discoverer or inventor thereof, Garabed
T. K. Giragossian shall be recognized by the
United States government as the original dis-
coverer, inventor and legal owner of the in-
vention. The certificate of the commission of
scientists shall entitle him to all the rights
and benefits of the discovery or invention for
a period of seventeen years.
The United States government shall not
issue to anyone else any patent involving or
relating to the distinctive principle of the
"Garabed" free energy generator regardless of
its form or shape, or for any device, im-
provement, process, equipment or apparatus
based upon the distinctive principle of the dis-
covery or invention, or for any improvement
or change developed in the use of the said
"Garabed," and shall prevent the construction,
importation, use or exploitation thereof, in
whole or in part, in the United States, and
shall protect Garabed T. K. Giragossian in the
rights and interests in the "Garabed" in the
above respect for a period of seventeen years
in the United States.
After the successful demonstration of the
"Garabed," if the United States government
wishes to purchase the right and title for the
exclusive use and ownership of said discovery
or invention, the said Garabed T. K. Giragos-
sian will comply with the request of the United
States government : Provided, That he shall be
remunerated to the extent commensurate with
the value of his discovery or invention, which
shall be appraised by a committee of even
number, one-half of the membership of which
shall be selected by the secretary of the in-
terior and one-half selected by the said Gara-
bed T. K. Giragossian, and the finding of said
committee shall be subject to the approval pf
the secretary of the interior and of the said
Garabed T. K. Giragossian.
The United States government will have the
right to exercise the right to utilize the in-
vention for its own use simultaneously with
the beginning of the public and general use
of the "Garabed" system. (Approved Feb. 8,
1918.)
MORE MIDSHIPMEN.
Hereafter there shall be allowed at the
United States naval academy five midshipmen
for each senator, representative and delegate
in congress, one for Porto Rico, two for the
District of Columbia, fifteen appointed each
year at large and one hundred appointed
annually from enlisted men of the navy, as
now authorized by law. (Approved Dec. 20.
1917.)
NAVAL ACADEMY TERM REDUCED.
The president is authorized until Aug. 1,
1921, to reduce in his discretion the course of
instruction at the United States naval academy
from four to three years and to graduate
classes which have completed such reduced
courses of instruction. (Approved April 2.
1918.)
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OP WAR.
Be it enacted, etc.. That an act entitled "An
act providing for an assistant secretary of
war," approved March 5, 1890, be, and the
same hereby is. amended to read as follows:
"There shall be in the department of war
an assistant secretary, a second assistant secre-
tary ind a third assistant secretary, each of
whom shall be appointed by the president, by
and with the advice and consent of the senate.
The assistant secretary shall be entitled to a
salary of $5,000 per annum, payable monthly,
and the second assistant secretary and third
assistant secretary shall each be entitled to a
salary of $4,500 per annum, payable monthly,
and shall perform such duties in the depart-
ment of war as shall be prescribed by the
secretary or as may be required by law." (Ap-
proved April 6. 1918.)
FURLOUGHS FOR CIVIL WORK.
Whenever during the continuance of the pres-
ent war in the opinion of the secretary of war
the interests of the service or the national
security and defense render it necessary or de-
sirable, the secretary of war be, and he hereby
is, authorized to grant furloughs to enlisted
men of the army of the United States with or
without pay and allowances or with partial
pay and allowances, and, for such periods as
he may designate, to permit said enlisted men
to engage in civil occupations and pursuits:
Provided, That such furloughs shall be granted
only upon the voluntary application of such
enlisted men under regulations to be pre-
scribed by the secretary of war. (Approved
March 16, 1918.)
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF
ACT.
An act to extend protection to the civil
rights of members of the military and naval
establishments of the United States engaged
in the present war. Be it enacted, etc. :
Article I. — General Provisions.
Section 100. That for the purpose of en-
abling the United States the more successfully
to prosecute and carry on the war in which
it is at present engaged, protection is hereby
extended to persons in military service of the
United States in order to prevent prejudice or
injury' to their civil rights during- their term
of service and to enable them to devote their
entire energy to the military needs of the
nation, and to this end the following provi-
sions are made for the temporary suspension
of legal proceedings and transactions which
may prejudice the civil rights of persons in
such service during- the continuance of the
present war.
Sec. 101. (1) That the term "persons in
military service," as used in this act, shall
include the following persons and no others:
All officers and enlisted men of the regular
army, the regular army reserve, the officers'
reserve corps and the enlisted reserve corps:
all officers and enlisted men of the national
guard and national guard reserve recognized
by the militia bureau of the war department:
all forces raised under the act entitled "An
act to authorize the president to increase tem-
porarily the military establishment of the
United States." approved May 18. 1917: all
officers and enlisted men of the navy, the
marine corps and the coast guard: all officers
and enlisted men of the naval militia, naval
reserve force, marine corps reserve and na-
tional naval volunteers recognized by the navy
department: all officers of the public health
service detailed by the secretary of the treas-
ury lor duty either with the army or the
navy: any of the personnel of the lighthouse
service and of the coast and geodetic survey
transferred by the president to the service
and jurisdiction of the war department or of
the navy department; members of the nurse
corps: army field clerks: field clerks, quarter-
master corps: civilian clerks and employes on
duty with the military forces detailed lor
service abroad in accordance with provisions
of existing law; and members of any other
body who have heretofore or may hereafter
become a part of the military or naval forces
of the United States. The term "military
service." as used in this definition, shall sig-
nily active service in any branch ol service
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
377
heretofore mentioned or referred to. but re-
serves and persons on the retired list shall not
be included in the term "persons in military
service" until ordered to active service. The
term "active service" shall include the period
during which a person in military service is
absent from duty on account of sickness,
wounds, leave or other lawful cause.
(2) The term "period of military service,"
as used in this act. shall include the time be-
tween the following- dates: For persons in
active service at the date of the approval
of this act it shall begin with the date of
approval of this act; for persons entering
active service after the date of this act. with
the date of entering active service. It shall
terminate with the date of discharge from
active service or death while in active service,
but in no case later than the date when this
act ceases to be in force.
(3) The term "person," as used in this act,
with reference to the holder, of any right
alleged to exist against a person in military
service or against a person secondarily liable
under such right, shall include individuals,
partnerships, corporations and any other forms
of business association.
(4) The term "court" as used in this act
shall include any court of competent juris-
diction of the United States or of any state,
whether or not a court of record.
(5) The term "termination of the war as
•used In this act shall mean the termination
of the present war by the treaty of peace
as proclaimed by the president.
Sec. 102. (1) That the provisions of this
act shall apply to the United States, the sev-
eral states and territories, the District of Co-
lumbia and all territory subject to the juris-
diction of the United States, and to proceed-
ings commenced in any court therein, and shall
be enforced through the usual forms of pro-
cedure obtaining in such courts or under such
regulations as may be by them prescribed.
(2) When under this act any application is
required to be made to a court in which no
proceeding has already been commenced with
respect to the matter, such application may
be made to any court.
Sec. 103. Whenever pursuant to any of the
provisions of this act the enforcement of any
obligation or liability, the prosecution of any
suit or proceeding, the entry or enforcement
of any order, writ, judgment or decree, or the
performance of any other 'act, may be stayed,
postponed or suspended, such stay, postpone-
ment or suspension may. in the discretion of
the court, likewise be granted to sureties, guar-
antors, indorsers and others subject to the
obligation or liability^ the performance or
enforcement of which is stayed, postponed or
suspended.
When a judgment or decree is vacated or
set aside in whole or in part, as provided in
this act, the same may. in the discretion of
the court, likewise be set aside and vacated
as to any surety, guarantor, indorser or other
person liable upon the contract or liability
Jor the enforcement of which the judgment or
decree was entered.
Article II. — General Relief.
Sec. 200. That in any action or ' proceeding
commenced in any court if there shall be a
default of an appearance by the defendant
the plaintiff before entering judgment shall
file in the court an affidavit setting forth facts
Bhowing that the defendant is not in military
service. If unable to file such affidavit plain-
tiff shall in lieu thereof file an affidavit set-
ting forth either that the defendant is in the
military service or that plaintiff is not able
to determine whether or not defendant is in
such service. If an affidavit is not filed
showing that the defendant is not in the mil-
itary service, no judgment shall be entered
without first securing an order of court direct-
ing such entry, and no such order shall be
made if the defendant is in such service until
after the court shall have appointed an attor-
ney to represent defendant and protect his
interest and the court shall on application
make such appointment. Unless it appears
that the defendant is not in such service the
court may require as a condition before judg-
ment is entered that the plaintiff file a bond
approved by the court conditioned to indem-
nify the defendant, if in military service,
against any loss or damage that he may suf-
fer by reason of any judgment should the
judgment be thereafter eet aside in whole or
in part. And the court may make such other
and further order or enter such judgment as
in its opinion may be necessary to protect the
rights of the defendant under this act.
(3) Any person who shall make or use an
affidavit required under this section knowing
it to be false shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
and shall be punishable by imprisonment not
1°, ««Seed one year or by fi116 not to exceed
$1.000, or both.
(3) In any action or proceeding in which
a person in military service is a party if such
party does not personally appear therein or
is not represented by an authorized attorney,
the court may appoint an attorney to repre-
sent him; and in such case a like bond may
be required and an order made to protect the
rights of such person. But no attorney ap-
pointed under this act to protect a person
in military service ehall have power to waive
any right of the person for whom he is ap-
pointed or bind him by his acts.
(4) If any udgment shall be rendered in
any action 31 proceeding governed by this
section against any person in military service
during the period of such service or within
thirty days thereafter, and it appears that
such person was prejudiced by reason of his
military service in making his defense thereto,
such judgment may, upon application made
by such person or his legal representative, not
later than ninety days after the termination
of such service, be opened by the court ren-
dering the same and such defendant or his
legal representative let in to defend; pro-
vided it *s made to appear that the defendant
has a . meritorious or legal defense to the
action or some part thereof. Vacating, set-
ting aside or reversing any judgment because
of any of the provisions of this act shall not
impair any right or title- acquired by any
bona fide purchaser for value under such
judgment.
Sec. 201. That at any stage thereof any
action or proceeding commenced in any court
by or against a person in military service dur-
ing the period of such Service or within sixty
days thereafter may, in the discretion of the
court in which it is pending, on its own
motion, and shall, on application to it by
such person or some person on his behalf,
be stayed as provided in this act, unless, in
the opinion of the court, the ability of plain-
tiff to prosecute the action or the defendant
to conduct his defense is not materially af-
fected by reason of his military service.
Sec. 202. That when an action for compli-
ance with the terms of any contract is stayed
pursuant to this act no fine or penalty shall
accrue by reason of failu ; to comply with the
terms of such contract during the period of
such stay, and in any case where a person fails
to perform any obligation and a fine or penalty
for such nonperformance is incurred a court
may, on such terms as may be just, relieve
ag-ainst the enforcement of such fine or penalty
if it shall appear that the person who would
suffer by such fine or penalty was in the mili-
tary service when the penalty was incurred
and that by reason of such service the ability
of such person to pay or perform was thereby
materially impaired.
Sec. 203. That in any action or proceeding
commenced in any court against a person in
military service, before or during the period
of sp«h service, or within sixty days thereafter,
the eourS, may v> its discretion, on its own
motion, or on application to V by sunb ,->er-
378
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
son or some person on his behalf shall, unless
in the opinion of the court the ability of the
defendant to comply with the judgment or
order entered or sought is not materially af-
fected by reason of his military service:
(1) Stay the execution of any judgment or
order entered against such person, as provided
in this act, and
(2) Vacate or stay any attachment or gar-
nishment of property, money or debts in the
hands of another, whether before or after
judgment, ae provided in this act.
Sec. 204. That any stay of any action, pro-
ceeding-, attachment or execution ordered by
any court under the provisions of this act may,
except as otherwise provided, be ordered for
the period of military service and three months
thereafter or any part of such period, and
subject to such terms as may be just, whether
as to payment in installments of such amounts
and at such times as the court may fix or
otherwise. Where the person in military serv-
ice is a codefendant with others the plaintiff
may nevertheless by leave of court proceed
against the others.
See. 205. That the period of military service
shall not be included in computing- any period
now or hereafter to be limited by any law for
the bringing- of any action by or against any
person in military service or by or ag-ainst
his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns,
whether such cause of action shall have ac-
crued prior to or during- the period of such
service.
Article HI. — Rent, Installment Contracts,
Mortgages.
Sec. 300. (1) That no eviction or distress
shall be made during- the peripd of military
service in respect of any premises for which
the agreed rent does not exceed $50 per month,
occupied chiefly for dwelling- purposes by the
wife, children or other dependents of a per-
son in military service, except upon leave of
court granted upon application therefor or
granted in an action or proceeding- affecting
the right of possession.
(2) On any such application or in any such
action the court may, in its discretion, on its
own motion, and shall, on applicatipn, unless
in the opinion of the court the ability of the
tenant to pay the agreed rent is not materially
affected by reason of such military service,
.stay the proceedings for not longer than
three months, as provided in this act, or it
may make such other order as may be just.
(3) Any person who shall knowingly take
part in any eviction or distress otherwise than
as provided in subsection (1) hereof shall be
.guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punish-
able by imprisonment not to exceed one year
or by fine not to exceed $1,000, or both.
(4) The secretary of war or the secretary
of the navy, as the case may be, is hereby em-
powered, subject to such regulations as he
may prescribe, to order an allotment of the
pay of a person in military service in reason-
able proportion to discharge the rent of prem-
ises occupied for dwelling purposes by the
wife, children or other dependents of such
person.
Sec. 301. (1) That no person who has re-
ceived, or whose assignor has received, under
•a contract for the purchase of real or personal
property, or of lease or bailment with a view
to purchase of such property, a deposit or in-
stallment of the purchase price from a person
or from the assignor of a person who, after
the date of payment of such deposit or in-
stallment, has entered military service, shall
exercise any right or option under such con-
tract to rescind or terminate the contract or
resume possession of the property for non-
payment of any installment falling due dur-
ing the period of such military service, except
by action in a court of competent jurisdiction.
(la) Any person who shall knowingly re-
.eurne possession ol property which is the sub-
ject of this section otherwise than as provided
in subsection 'J* hereof shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall be punished! 6y im-
prisonment not to exceed one year or by line.
not to exceed $1,000, or both.
(2) Upon the hearing of such action the
court may order the repayment of prior in-
stallments or deposits or any part thereof, as
a condition of terminating the contract and
resuming- possession of the property, or may,
in its discretion, on its own motion, and shall
on application to it by such person in military
service or some person on his behalf, order a
stay of proceedings as provided in this act un-
less, in the opinion of the court, the ability of
the defendant to comply with the terms of
the contract is not materially affected by
reason of such service; or it may make such
other disposition of the case as may be equi-
table to conserve the interests of all parties.
Sec. 302. (1) That the provisions of this
section shall apply only to obligations originat-
ing prior to the date of approval of this act
and secured by mortgage, trust deed or other
security in the nature of a mortgage upon real
or personal property owned by a person in mili-
tary service at the commencement of the
period of the military service and still s«
owned by him.
(2) In any proceeding commenced in any
court during the period of military service to
enforce such obligation arising out of non-
payment of any sum thereunder due or out
of any other breach of the terms thereof oc-
curring prior to or during the period of such
service, the court may, after hearing, in its
discretion, on its own motion, and shall on
application to it by such person in military
service or some person on his behalf, unless in
the opinion of the court the ability of the
defendant to comply with the terms of the
obligation is not materially affected by reason
of his military service:
(a) Stay the proceedings as provided in this
act; or
(b) Make such other disposition of the case
as may be equitable to conserve the interests
of all parties.
(3) No sale under a power of sale or under
a judgment entered upon warrant of attorney
to confess judgment contained in any such
obligation shall be valid if made during the
period of military service or within three
months thereafter, unless upon an order of
sale previously granted by the court and a
return thereto made and approved by the
court.
Article IV. — Insurance.
Sec. 400. That in this article the term
"policy" shall include any contract of life in-
surance on the level premium or legal reserve
plan. It shall also include any benefit in the
nature of life insurance arising out of mem-
bership in any fraternal or beneficial associa-
tion: the term "premium" shall include* mem-
bership dues or assessments in such associa-
tion, and the date of issuance of policy as
herein limited shall refer to the date of ad-
mission to membership in such association:
the term "insured" shall include any person
who is the holder of a policy as defined in
this article: the term "insurer" shall include
any corporation, partnership or other form
of association which secures or provides in-
surance under any policy, as defined in this
article.
Sec. 401. That the benefits of this article
shall apply to any person in military service
who is the holder of a policy of life insur-
ance, when such holder shall apply for such
benefits on a form prepared in accordance with
7-earulations which shall be prescribed by the
secretary of the treasury. Such form shall
set forth particularly that the application
therein made is a consent to such modifica-
tion of the terms of the original contract of
insurance as are made necessary by the pro-
visions of this article and by receiving and
filing the same the insurer shall be deemed
to have assented thereto, to the extent, if any,
to jvhieh the policy on which the application
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
379
is made is within the provisions of this article.
The original of such application shall be sent
by the insured to the insurer, and a copy
thereof to the bureau of war risk insurance.
The bureau of war risk insurance shall issue
through suitable military and naval channels
a notice explaining- the provisions of this
article and shall furnish forms to be dis-
tributed to those desiring to make application
for its benefits.
Sec. 402. That the benefits of this act shall
be available to any person in military service
in respect of contracts of insurance in force
under their terms up to but not exceeding a
face value of $5,000, irrespective of the num-
ber of policies held by such person whether in
one or more companies, when such contracts
were made and a premium was paid thereon
before Sept. 1, 1917; but in no event shall
the provisions of this article apply to any policy
on which premiums are due and unpaid for a
period of more than one year at the time
when application for the benefits of this article
is made or in respect of any policy on which
there is outstanding a policy loan or other
indebtedness equal to or greater than 50
per cent of the cash surrender value of the
policy
Sec. '403. That the bureau of war risk in-
surance shall, subject to regulations which
shall be prescribed by the secretary of the
treasury, compile and maintain a list of such
persons in military service as have made ap-
plication for the benefits of this article, and
shall (1) reject any applications for suclxben-
efits made by persons who are not persons
in military service: (2) reject any applications
for such benefits in excess of the amount per-
mitted by section 402: and (3) reject any ap-
plications in respect of contracts of insurance
otherwise not entitled to the benefits of this
article. Said bureau shall immediately notify
the insurer and the insured in writing of every
rejection or approval.
Sec. 404. That when one or more applica-
tions are made under this article by any one
person in military service in respect of insur-
ance exceeding a total face value of $o.OOO.
whether on one or more policies or in one or
more companies, and the insured shall not in
his application indicate an order of prefer-
ence, the bureau of war risk insurance shall
reject such policies as have the inferior cash
surrender value, so as to reduce the total
benefits conferred within the face value of
$5.000. and where necessary for this purpose
shall direct the insurer to divide any policy
into two separate policies. The said bureau
shall immediately notify the insurer and the
insured in writing of such selection.
Sec. 405. That no policy which has not
lapsed for the nonpayment of premium before
the commencement of the period of military
•service of the insured, and which has been
brought within the benefits of this article,
shall lapse or be forfeited for the nonpayment
of premium during the period of such serv-
ice or during one year after the expiration of
sxich period: Provided, That in no case shall
this prohibition extend for more than one
year after the termination of the war.
Sec. 406. That within the first fifteen days
of each calendar month after the date of ap-
proval of this act until the expiration of one
year after the termination of the war, every
insurance corporation or association to which
application has been made as herein provided
for the benefits of this article, shall render
to the bureau of war risk insurance a report,
duly verified, setting forth the following facts:
First. The nnmes of the persons who have
applied for such benefits, and the face value
of the policies in respect of which such bene-
fits have been applied for by such persons,
during the preceding calendar month:
Second. A list aa far as practicable of the
premiums ill respect of policies entitled to the
benefits of this article which remain unpaid
on the last day of the preceding calendar
month, which day is at least thirty-one days
after the due date of the premiums, provided
such premiums have not previously been BO
reported as in default;
Third. A list of premiums which, having
been previously reported as in default, have
been paid by the policyholder or some one on
his behalf in whole or in part during the pre-
ceding calendar month;
Fourth. A computation of the difference be-
tween the total amount of defaulted premiums
therein reported and the total amount of pre-
miums paid as therein reported, after having
been previously reported as a default. From
this sum shall be deducted the total sum of
any premiums previously reported as in de-
fault, upon policies in respect of which the
bureau of war risk insurance has, since the
date of such report, rejected an application lor
the benefits of this article. The final sum so
arrived at shall be denominated the monthly
difference.
Sec. 407. That the bureau of war risk in-
surance shall verify the computation of
monthly difference reported by each insurer,
and shall certify it, as corrected, to the secre-
tary of the treasury and the insurer.
Sec. 408. That the secretary of the treasury
shall, within ten days thereafter, deliver each
month to the proper officer of each insurer,
bonds of the United States to the amount of
that multiple of $100 nearest to the monthly
difference certified in respect of each insurer.
Such bonds shall be registered in the names
of the respective insurers, who shall be en-
titled to receive the interest accruing thereon,
and such bonds shall not be transferred or
again registered, except upon the approval of
the director of the bureau of war risk insur-
ance, and shall remain in the possession of
the insurer until settlement is made in ac-
cordance with this article: Provided, That
whenever the fact of insolvency shall be ascer-
tained by the director of the bureau of war
risk insurance all obligation on the part of.
the United States, under this article, for future
premiums on policies of such insurer shall
thereupon terminate. An insurer shall furnish
semiannual statements to the bureau of war
risk insurance.
Sec. 409. That the bonds so delivered shall
be held by the respective insurers as security
for the payment of the defaulted premiums
with interest. To indemnify it against loss the
United States shall have a first lien upon any
policy receiving the benefits of this article,
subject only to any lien existing at the time
the policy became subject to this act, and no
loan or settlement or payment of dividend shall
be made by the insurer on such policy which
may prejudice the security of such lien. Be-
fore any dividend is paid or any loan or set-
tlement is made the written consent of the
bureau of war risk insurance must be ob-
tained.
Sec. 410. That in the event that the military
service of any person being the holder of a
policy receiving the benefits of this article
shall be terminated by death, - the amount of
any unpaid premiums, with interest, at the
rate provided for in the policy for policy loans,
shall be deducted from the proceeds of the
policy and shall be included in the next
monthly report of the insurer as premiums
paid.
Sec. 411. That if the insured does not with-
in one year after the termination of his period
of military service nay to the insurer all past
due premiums with interest thereon from their
several due dates at the rate provided in the
policy for policy loans, the policy shall at the
end of such year immediately lapse and be-
come void, and the insurer shall thereupon be-
come liable to pay the cash surrender value
thereof, if any: Provided, That if the insured
is in the military service at the termination of
the war such lapse shall occur and surrender
value be payable at the expiration of one year
after the termination of the war.
380
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sec. 412. That at the expiration of one
year alter the termination ol the war there
shall be an account stated between each in-
surer and the United States, in which the fol-
lowing- items shall be credited to the insurer:
(1) The total amount of the monthly differ-
ences reported under this article;
(2) The difference between the total interest
received by the insurer upon the bonds held by
it as security and the total interest upon such
monthly differences at the rate of 5 per cent
per annum; and in which there shall be cred-
ited to the United States the amount of the
cash surrender value of each policy lapsed or
forfeited as provided in section 411, but not
in any case a greater amount on any policy
than the total of the unpaid premiums with
interest thereon at the rate provided for in the
policy for policy loans.
Sec. 413. That the balance in favor of the
insurer shall, in each case, be paid to it by the
United States upon the surrender by the in-
surer of the bonds delivered to it from time
to time by the secretary of the treasury under
the provisions of this article.
Sec. 414. That this article shall not apply
to any policy which is void or which may at
the option of the insurer be voidable, if the
insured is in military service, either in this
country or abroad, nor to any policy which
as a result of being: in military service, either
in this country or abroad, provides for the
payment of any sum less than the face thereof
or for the payment of an additional amount
as premium.
Sec. 415. That this article shall apply only
to insurance companies or associations which
are required by the law under which they
are organized or doing: business to maintain
a reserve, or which if not so required, have
made or shall make provision for the collec-
tion from all those insured in such insurer of
a premium to cover the special war risk of
those insured persons who are in military
service.
Article V. — Taxes and Public Lands.
Sec. 500. (1) That the provisions of this
section shall apply when any taxes or assess-
ments, whether general or special, falling- due
during the period of military service in respect
of real property owned and occupied for dwell-
ing1 or business purposes by a person in mili-
tary service or his dependents at the com-
mencement of his period of military service
and still so occupied by his dependents or em-
ployes are not paid.
(2) When any person in military service, or
any person in his behalf, shall file with the
collector of taxes, or other officer whose duty
it is to enforce the collection of taxes or assess-
ments, an affidavit showing (a) that a tax or
assessment has been assessed upon property
which is. the subject of this section, (b) that
such tax or assessment is unpaid, and (c) that
by reason of such military service the ability
of such person to pay such .tax or assessment
is materially affected, no sale of such property
shall be made to enforce the collection of such
tax or assessment, or any proceeding or action
for such purpose commenced, except upon
leave of court granted upon an application
made therefor by such collector or other of-
ficer. The court thereupon may stay such
proceedings or such sale, as provided in this
act, for a period extending not more than six
months after the termination of the war.
(3) When by law such property may be sold
or forfeited to enforce the collection of such
tax or assessment, such, person in military
service shall have the right to redeem or
commence an action to redeem such property,
at any time not later than six months after
ihe termination of such service, but in no
case later than six months after the termina-
tion of the war; but this shall not be taken
to shorten any period now or hereafter pro-
vided by the laws of any state or territory for
such redemption.
(4) Whenever any tax or assessment shall
not be paid when due, such tax or assessment
due and unpaid shall bear interest until paid
at the rate of 6 per cent per annum, and
no other penalty or interest shall be incurred
by reason of such nonpayment. Any lien for
such unpaid taxes or assessments shall also
include such interest thereon.
Sec. 5O1. That no right to any public lands
initiated or acquired prior to entering military
service by any person under the homestead
laws, the desert-land laws, the mining-land
laws, or any other laws pf the United States,
shall be forfeited or prejudiced by reason of
his absence from such land, or of his failure
to perform any work or make any improve-
ments thereon, or to do any other act required
by any such law during the period of such
service. Nothing- in this section contained
shall be construed to deprive a person in mili-
tary service or his heirs or devisees of any
benefits to which he or they may be entitled
under the act entitled "An act for the relief
of homestead entrymen or settlers who enter
the military or naval service of the United
States in time of war," approved July 28,
1917; the act entitled "An act for the pro-
tection of desert-land entrymen who enter the
military or naval service of the United States
in time of war," approved Aug. 7, 1917; the
act entitled "An act to provide further for the
national security and defense by stimulating-
agriculture and facilitating the distribution of
agricultural products," approved Aug. 10,
1917; the joint resolution "To relieve the
owne» of mining claims who have been mus-
tered into the military or naval service of the
United States as officers or enlisted men from
performing assessment work during the term
of such service," approved July 17, 1917; or
any other act or resolution of congress: Pro-
vided, That nothing in this section contained
shall be construed to limit or affect the right
of a person in the military service to take any
action during his term of service that may
be authorized by law, or the regulations of the
interior department thereunder, for the perfec-
tion, defense, or further assertion of righto
initiated prior to the date ol entering military
service, and it shall be lawful for any person
while in military service to make any affidavit
or submit any proof that may be required by
law, or the practice ol the general land office
in connection with the entry, perfection, de-
fense, or further assertion of any rights initi-
ated prior to entering military service, before
the officer in immediate command and hplding
a commission in the branch of the service in
which the party is engaged, which affidavits
shall be as binding in law and with like pen-
alties as if taken before the register of the
United States land office.
Article VI. — Administrative Remedies.
Sec. 600. That where in any proceeding- to •
enforce a civil right in any court it is made
to appear to the satisfaction of the court that
any interest, property or contract has since
the date of the approval of this act been
transferred or acquired with intent to delay
the just enforcement of such rig-ht by taking-
advantage of this act. the court shall enter
such judgment or make such order as might
lawfully be entered or made, the provisions of
this act to the contrary notwithstanding.
Sec. 601. (1) That in any proceeding un-
der this act a certificate signed by the adju-
tant-general of the army as to persons in the
army or in any branch of the United States
service while serving- pursuant to law with
the army, signed by the chief of the bureau of
navigation ol the navy department as to per-
sons in the navy or in any other branch of
the United States service while serving- pur-
suant to law with the navy, and signed by the
major-general, commandant. United States
marine corps, as to persons in the marine
corps, or in any other branch of the United
States service while serving pursuant to law
with the marine corps, or signed by an officer
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
381
designated by any of them, respectively, for
the purpose, shall when produced be prima
facie evidence as to any of the following
facts stated in such certificate :
That a person named has not been, or is,
or has been in military service; the time
when and the place where such person en-
tered military service, his residence at that
time, and the rank, branch and unit of such
service that he entered, the dates within
which he was in military service, the monthly
pay received by such person at the date of
issuing1 the certificate, the time when and
place where such person died in or was dis-
charged from suqh service.
It shall be the duty of the foregping officers
to furnish such certificate on application, and
any such certificate when purporting to be
signed by any one of such oflrcers or by any
person purporting upon the face of the certif-
icate to have been so authorized shall be
prima facie evidence of its contents and of
the authority of the signer to issue the same.
(2) Where a person in military service has
been reported missing he shall be presumed
to continue in the service until accounted for,
and no period herein limited which begins or
ends with the death of such person shall be-
gin or end until the death of such person is
in fact reported to or found by the depart-
ment of war or navy, or any court or board
thereof, or until such death is found by a
court of competent jurisdiction: Provided,
That no1 period herein limited which begins
or enda with the deu'h of such person shall
be extended hereby beyond a period of six
months after the termination of the war.
Sec. 602. That any interlocutory order made
by any court under the provisions of this act
may, upon the court's own motion or other-
wise, be revoked, modified or extended by it
upon such notice to the parties affected as it
may require.
Sec. 603. That this act shall remain in force
until the termination of the war, and for six
months thereafter: Provided. That wherever
under any section or provision of this act a
proceeding, remedy, privilege, stay, limitation,
accounting or other transaction has been au-
thorized or provided, the due exercise or en-
joyment of which may extend beyond the
period herein fixed for the termination of this
act, such section or provision shall be deemed
to continue in full force and effect so long
as may be necessary to the exercise or enjoy-
ment of the proceeding, remedy, privilege, stay,
limitation, accounting or transaction aforesaid.
Sec. 604. That this act may be cited as the
soldiers' and sailors' civil relief act. (Ap-
proved March 8. 1918.)
HOUSING FOR WAR NEEDS.
The president, for the purposes of providing
housing, local transportation and other general
community utilities for such industrial workers
as are engaged in arsenals and navy yards of
the United States and in industries connected
with and essential to the national defense, and
their families, and also employes of the United
States whose duties require them to reside in
the District of Columbia, and whose services are
oswntial to war needs, and their families, only
during the continuation of the existing war, is
hereby authorized and empowered, within the
limits of the amounts herein authorized —
(a) To purchase, acquire by lease, construct,
requisition or acquire by condemnation or by
gift such houses, buildings, furnishings, improve-
ments, local transportation and other general
community utilities and parts thereof as he may
determine to be necessary for the proper con-
duct of the existing war.
(b) To purchase, lease or acquire by condem-
nation or by gift any improved or unimproved
land, or any interest therein on which such
houses, buildings, improvements, local trans-
portation and other general community utilities
and parts thereof have bwn or may be con-
structed. Colleges, museums, libraries, state or
municipal buildings, and the furnishings In
private dwellings shall not be acquired except
by contract, nor shall any occupied dwelling
or place of abode be taken under the powers
in this act given except by contract unless the
necessity thereof shall be determined by a judge
of the Circuit or District court of the United
States exercising jurisdiction in the locality on
petition setting forth the reason and necessity
for such taking. No existing limitation upon
the right of any person to make a contract with
the United States shall apply to owners whose
property 'the president determines is necessary
for government purposes and desires to either
lease or purchase by contract.
(c) To equip, manage, maintain, alter, rent,
lease, exchange, sell and convey such lands, or
any right, title, or interest therein, houses,
buildings, improvements, local transportation and
other general community utilities, parts thereof
and equipment upon such terms and conditions
as he may determine. No sale and conveyance
shall be made hereunder on credit without
reserving a first lien on such property for the un-
paid purchase money. In no case shall any
property hereby acquired be given away, nor
shall rents be furnished free, but the rental
charges shall be reasonable and just as between
the employes and the government.
(d) To aid in providing, equipping, managing
and maintaining houses, buildings, improvements,
local transportation and other general commun-
ity utilities by loan or otherwise to such person
or persons and upon such terms and conditions
as he may determine. No loan shall be made and
no house or money given under this ace 10 any
person not an American citizen.
(e) To take possession of, alter, repair, im-
prove and suitably arrange for living purposes
to be used under the terms of this act all houses
on square 633 except the llaltby building, owned
by the United States, together with any other
houses in the District of Columbia owned by the
government and not now occupied. Houses erected
by the government under the authority of this
act shall be of only a temporary character except
where the interests of the government will be
best subserved by the erection of buildings of
a permanent character.
Whenever the president shall acquire such
land or such houses he shall make just com-
pensation therefor, to be determined by him,
and if the amount thereof so determined is un-
satisfactory to the person entitled to receive the
same, such person shall be paid 75 per centum
of the amount so determined and shall be entitled
to sue the United States to recover such further
sum as, added to such 75 per centum, will make
up such amount as will be just compensation.
The power and authority granted herein shall
pease with the termination of the present war,
except the power and authority to care for. sell
or rent such property as remains undisposed of.
At the beginning of each session of congress the
president shall make to congress a full and
detailed report covering all of the transactions
with relation to the subject matter of this act.
No work to be done or contract to be made
under any provision of this act shall be done
or made on or under a percentage or cost-plus
percentage basis, nor shall any contract be let
involving more than $1,000 until at least three
responsible competing contractors shall have
been notified and considered in connection with
such contract, and all contracts to be awarded
to the lowest responsible bidder, the government
reserving the right to reject any and all bids.
The president, if in his judgment such action
Is deemed necessary or advantageous, may
authorize the creation of a corporation or corpora-
tions for the purpose of carrying out the act.
The total capital stock of the corporation or cor-
porations authorized hereunder shall not exceed
$60,000,000.
For carrying out the provisions of this act
nnd for the administration thereof the sum of
$60,000,000, or so much thereof as may be
necessary, is authorized. (Approved May 16, 1918.)
382
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ILLINOIS ANNIVERSARY COIN.
In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of
the admission of tiie state of Illinois into the
Union as a state, there shall be coined at the
niims of the United States silver 50-cent pieces
to the number of 100,000. such 50-cent pieces to be
of the standard troy weight, composition, diam-
eter, device and design as shall be fixed by
the director of the mint, with the approval of
the secretary of the treasury, and shall be legal
tender in any payment to the amount of their
face value. The government shall not be subject
to the expense of making the necessary dies
and other preparations for this coinage. (Ap-
proved June 1. 1918.)
POSTAGE ON AEROPLANE MAIL.
The postmaster-general, in his discretion, may
require the payment of postage on mail carried
by aeroplane at not exceeding 24 cents per
ounce or fraction thereof. (Approved May 10,
1918.)
UNLAWFUL ENTRY AND DEPARTURE.
When the United States is at war, if the
president shall find that the public safety re-
quires that restrictions and prohibitions in ad-
dition to those provided otherwise than by this
act be imposed upon the departure of persons
from and their entry into the United States, and
shall make public proclamation thereof, it shall,
until otherwise ordered by the president or
congress, be unlawful—
(a) For any alien to depart from or enter or
attempt to depart from or enter the United States
except under such reasonable rules, regulations
and orders and subject to such limitations and
exceptions as the president shall prescribe ;
(b) For any person to transport or attempt
to transport from or into the United States
another person with knowledge or reasonable
cause to believe that the departure or entry
of such other person Is forbidden by this act ;
(c) For any person knowingly to make any false
statement in an application for permission to
depart from or enter the United States1 with
intent to Induce or secure the granting of such
permission either for himself or for another ;
(d) For any person knowingly to furnish or
attempt to furnish or assist in furnishing to
another a permit or evidence of permission to
depart or enter not issued and designed for such
other person's use;
(e) For any person knowingly to use or
attempt to use any permit or evidence of per-
mission to depart or enter .not Issued and designed
for bis use ;
(f) For any person to forge, counterfeit,
mutilate or alter, or cause or procure to be
forged, counterfeited, mutilated or altered, any
permit or evidence of permission to depart from
or enter the United States.
(g) For any person knowingly to use or
attempt to use or furnish to another for use any
false, forged, counterfeit.- mutilated or altered
permit, or evidence of permission, or any permit
or evidence of permission which, though originally
valid, has become or been made void or invalid.
Sec. 2. After such proclamation as is provided
for by the preceding section has been made and
published and while said proclamation is in
force, it shall, except as otherwise provided by
the president, and subject to such limitations
and exceptions as the president may authorize
and prescribe, be unlawful for any citizen of the
United States to depart from or enter or
attempt to depart from or enter the United
States unless he bears a valid passport.
Sec. 3. Any person who shall willfully violate
any of the provisions of this act, or of any
order or proclamation of the president promul-
gated, or of any permit, rule or regulation
issued thereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined
aore.tUan $10,000, or. if » .niHural person.
Tor not more than twenty years
sel, together with its or her appurtenances,
equipment, tackle, apparel and furniture, con-
cerned in any such violation, shall be forfeited
to the United States.
Sec. 4. The term "United States" as used in
this act includes the Canal Zone and all terri-
tory and waters, continental or insular, subject
to the jurisdiction of the United States.
The word "person" as used herein shall be
deemed to mean any individual, partnership,
association, company or other unincorporated
body of individuals or corporation, or body poli-
tic. (Approved May 22, 1918.)
NATURALIZATION OF ALIENS IN
MILITARY SERVICE.
Be it enacted, etc.. That section 4 of the
act entitled "An act to establish a bureau of
immigration and naturalization and to pro-
vide a uniform rule for the naturalization of
aliens throughout the United States," approved
June 29, 1906, be and is hereby amended
by adding seven new subdivisions as follows:
7. Any native-born Filipino of the age of
21 years and upward who has declared his
intention to become a citizen of the United
States and who has enlisted or may hereafter
enlist in the United States navy or marine
corps or the naval auxiliary service, and who,
after service of not less than three years, may
be honorably discharged therefrom, or -who
may receive an ordinary discharge with recom-
mendation for re-enlistment; or any alien, or
any Porto Rican not a citizen of the United
States of the age of 21 years and up-
ward, who has enlisted or entered or may
hereafter enlist in or enter the armies of the
United States, either the regular or the volun-
teer forces, or the national army, the national
guard or naval militia of any state, territory
or the District of Columbia, or the state militia
in federal service, or in the United States navy
or marine corps, or in the United States coast
g-uard, or who has served for three years on
board of any vessel of the United States
government, or for three years on board of
merchant or fishing- vessels of the United States
of more than twenty tons burden, and while
still in the service on a re-enlistment or re-
appointment, or within six months after an
honorable discharge or separation therefrom,
or while on furlough to the army reserve or
regular army reserve after honorable service,
may, on presentation of the required declara-
tion of intention, petition for naturalization
without proof of the required five years' resi-
dence within the United States if upon exam-
ination by the representative of the bureau
of naturalization, in accprdance with the re-
quirements of this subdivision, it is shown that
such residence cannot be established; any
alien serving- in the military or naval service
of the United States during- the time this
country is engaged in the present war may
file his petition for naturalization without
making the preliminary declaration of inten-
tion and without proof of the required five
years' residence within the United States: any
alien declarant who has served in the United
States army or navy, or the Philippine con-
stabulary, and has been honorably discharged
therefrom, and has been accepted lor service
in either the military or naval service of the
United States on the condition that he becomes
a citizen of the United States, may file his
petition for naturalization upon proof of con-
tinuous residence within the United States for
the three years immediately preceding- his peti-
tion, by twp witnesses, citizens of the United
States, and in these cases only residence in the
Philippine islands and the Panama Canal Zone
by aliens may be considered residence within
the United States, and the place of such mili-
^.ara^ser^c&.sh^lj^bie .ponst-cued ;as- the; place of
residence; .required to ba established for y>vw~
poses of naturajisaiipn; apd any; ^lian or
person owin£ ; permit n^ent ..aHegiafl
United States embraced' -within., [j
•Vision may file his
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
383
in the most convenient court without proof
of residence within its jurisdiction, notwith-
standing the limitation upon the jurisdiction
of the courts specified in section 3 of the
act of June 29, 1906, provided he appears
with his two witnesses before the appropriate
representative of the bureau of naturaliza-
tion and passes the preliminary examination
hereby required before filing: his petition for
naturalization in the office of the clerk of
the court, and in each case the record of
this examination shall be offered in evi-
dence by the representative of the govern-
ment from the bureau of naturalization and
made a part of the record at the original
and any subsequent hearings: and, except as
otherwise herein provided, the honorable dis-
charge certificate of such alien, or person
owing1 permanent allegiance to the United
States, or the certificate of service showing
good conduct, signed by a duly authorized
officer, or by the masters pf said vessels, shall
be deemed prima facie evidence to satisfy all
of the requirements of residence, within the
United States ' and within the state, territory
or the District of Columbia, and good moral
character required by law, when supported by
the affidavits of two witnesses, citizens of the
United States, identifying the applicant as the
person named in the certificate of honorable
discharge, and in those cases only where the
alien is actually in the military or naval serv-
ice of the United States, the certificate of
arrival shall not be filed with the petition for
naturalization in the manner prescribed; and
any petition for naturalization filed under the
provisions of -this subdivision may be heard
immediately, notwithstanding the law prohibits
the hearing of a petition for naturalization
during thirty days preceding any election in
the jurisdiction of the court. Any alien who,
at the time of the passage of this act, is in
the military service of the United States, who
may not be within the jurisdiction of any
court authorized to naturalize aliens, may file
his petition for naturalization without appear-
ing in person in the office of the clerk of the
court and shall not be required to take the
prescribed oath of allegiance in open court.
The petition shall be verified by the affidavits
of at least two credible witnesses who are
citizens of the United States, and who shall
prove in their affidavits the portion of the
residence that they have personally known the
applicant to have resided within the United
States. The time of military service may be
established by the affidavits of at least two
other citizens of the United States, which, to-
gether with the oath of allegiance, may be
taken in accordance with the terms of section
1750 of the revised statutes of the United
States after notice from and under regulations
of the bureau of naturalization. Such affida-
vits and oath of allegiance shall be admitted
in evidence in any original or appellate nat-
uralization proceeding withput proof of the
genuineness of the seal or signature or of the
official character of the officer before whom
the affidavits and oath of allegiance were taken,
and shall be filed by the representative of the
government from the bureau of naturalization
at the hearing as provided by section 11 of the
act of June 29, 1906. Members of the nat-
uralization bureau and service may be des-
ignated by the secretary of labor to adminster
oaths relating to the administration of the
naturalization law; and the requirement of
section 10 of notice to take depositions to the
United States attorneys is repealed, and the
duty they perform under section 15 of the
act of June 29, 1906 (Thirty-Fourth Statutes
at Large, part one, page 596), may also be
performed by the commissioner or deputy
That service by aliens upon vessels other than
of American registry, whether continuous or
broken, shall not be considered aa residence
for naturalization purposes within the juris-
diction of the United States, and such aliens
cannot secure residence for naturalization
purposes during1 service upon vessels of foreign
registry.
During the time when the United States is
at war no clerk of a United States court shall
charge or collect a naturalization fee from
an alien in the military service of the United
States for filing his petition or issuing the
certificate of naturalization upon admission to
citizenship, and no clerk of any state court
shall charge or collect any fee for this service
unless the laws of the state require such charge
to be made, in which case nothing more than
the portion of the fee required to be paid to
the state shall be charged or collected. A full
accounting for all of these transactions shall
be made to the bureau of naturalization in
the manner provided by section 13 of the act
of June 29. 1906.
8. That every seaman, being an alien, shall,
after his declaration of intention to become
a citizen of the United States, and after he
shall have served three years upon such mer-
chant or fishing vessels of the United States,
be deemed a citizen of the United States for»
the purpose of serving on board any such mer-
chant or fishing vessel of the United States,
anything to the contrary in any act of congress
notwithstanding: but such seaman shall, for
all purposes of protection as\ an American
citizen, be deemed such after the filing of his
declaration of intention to become such citizen :
Provided, That nothing contained in this act
shall be taken or construed to repeal or modify
any portion of the act approved March 4, 1915
(Thirty-Eighth Statutes at Large, ' part one,
page 114S4, chapter 153), being an act to
promote the welfare of American seamen.
9. That for the purpose of carrying on the
work of the bureau of naturalization pf send-
ing the names of the candidates for citizenship
to the public schools and otherwise promoting
instruction and training in citizenship respon-
sibilities of applicants for naturalization, as
provided in this subdivision, authority is here-
by given for the reimbursment of the printing
and binding appropriation of the department
of labor upon the records of the treasury de-
partment from the naturalization fees deposited
in the treasury through the bureau of nat-
uralization for the cost of publishing the
citizenship textbook prepared and to be dis-
tributed by the bureau of naturalization to
those candidates for citizenship only who are
in attendance upon the public schools, such re-
imbursement to be made upon statements by the
commissioner of naturalization of books ac-
tually delivered to such student candidates for
citizenship, and a monthly naturalization
bulletin, and in this duty to secure the aid of
and co-operate with the official state and na-
tional organizations, including those concerned
with vocational education and including per-
sonal services in the District of Columbia, and
to aid the local army exemption board to co-
operate with the war department in locating
declarants subject to the army draft and ex-
penses incidental thereto.
10. That any person not an alien enemy,
who resided uninterruptedly within the United
States during the period of five years next
preceding July 1, 1914, and was on that date
otherwise qualified to become a citizen of the
United States, except that he had not made the
declaration of intention required by law and
who during or prior to that time, because of
misinformation regarding his citizenship status
erroneously exercised the rights and performed
384
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
admitted as a citizen of the United States upon
complying in all respects with the other re-
quirements of the naturalization law.
11. No alien who is a native, citizen, subject
or denizen of any country, state or sov-
ereignty with which the United States is at
war shall be admitted to become a citizen of
the United States unless he made his declara-
tion of intention not less than two nor more
than seven years prior to the existence of the
state of war. or was at that time entitled to
become a citizen of the United States without
making: a declaration of intention, or unless
his petition for naturalization shall then be
pending and is otherwise entitled to admission,
notwithstanding he shall be an alien enemy at
the time and in the manner prescribed by the
laws passed upon that subject: Provided. That
no alien embraced within this subdivision shall
have his petition for naturalization called for
a hearing, or heard, except after ninety days'
notice given by the clerk of the court to the
commissioner or deputy commissioner of nat-
uralization to be present, and the petition shall
be given no final hearing except in open court
and after such notice to the representative of
the government, from the bureau of naturaliza-
tion, whose objection shall cause the petition
to be continued from time to time for so long
as the government may require: Provided,
however. That nothing herein contained shall
be taken or construed to interfere with or
prevent the apprehension and removal, agree-
ably to law. of any alien enemy at any time
previous to tire actual naturalization of such
alien: and section 2171 of the revised statutes
of the United States is hereby repealed:
Provided further. That the president of the
United States may, in his discretion, upon
investigation and report by the department of
justice fully establishing the loyalty of any
alien enemy not included in the foregoing
exemption, except such alien enemy from the
classification of alien enemy, and thereupon he
shall have the privilege of applying for nat-
uralization: and for the purpose of carrying
into effect the provisions of this section, in-
cluding personal services in the District of
Columbia, the sum of $400,000 is hereby
appropriated, to be available until June 30.
1919. including travel expenses for members
of the bureau of naturalization and its field
service only, and the provisions of section 3679
of the revised statutes shall not be applicable
in any way to this appropriation.
12. That any' person who. while a citizen
of the United States and during the existing
war in Europe, entered the military or naval
service of any country at war with a country
with which the United States is now at war,
who shall be deemed to have lost his citizen-
ship by reason of any oath or obligation taken
by him for the purpose of entering such serv-
ice, may resume his citizenship by taking the
oath of allegiance to the United States
prescribed by the naturalization law and regu-
lations, and such oath may be taken before
any court of the United States or of any state
authorized by law to naturalize aliens or be-
fore any consul of the United States, and
certified copies thereof shall be sent by such
court or consul to the department of state and
the bureau of naturalization, and the act
(Public 55. Sixty-fifth congress, approved Oct.
5. 1917) is hereby repealed..
13. That any person who is serving- in the
military or naval forces of the United States
at the termination of the existing war, and any
person who before the termination of the
existing war may have been honorably dis-
charged from the military or naval services of
the United States on account of disability in-
curred in line of duty, shall, if he applies to
the proper court for admission as a citizen of
the United States, be relieved from the neces-
sity of proving- that immediately preceding the
date of his application he has resided con-
tinuously within the United States the time
required by law of other aliens, or within the
state, territory, or the District of Columbia for
the year immediately preceding the date of
his petition for naturalization, but his peti-
tion for naturalization shall be supported by
the affidavits of two credible witnesses, citi-
zens of the United States, identifying- the pe-
titioner as the person named in the certificate
of honorable discharge, which said certificate
may be accepted as evidence of good moral
character required by law, and he shall com-
ply with the other requirements of the .natur-
alization law.
Sec. 2. That the following provisions of law
be, and they are hereby, repealed. Sections 2170
and 2174 of the Revised Statutes of the United
States of America and so much of an act ap-
proved July 26. 1894, entitled "An act making
provisions for the naval service for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1895, and for other pur-
poses," being chapter 165 of the laws of
1894 (Twenty-Eighth Statutes at Large, page
124), reading as follows: "Any alien of the
age of 21 years and upward who has enlisted
or may enlist in the United States navy or
marine corps and has served or may hereafter
serve five consecutive years in the United
States navy or one enlistment in the United
States marine corps and has been or may here-
after be honorably discharged, shall be admitted
to become a citizen of the United States upon
his petition without any previous declaration
of his intention to become such: and the court
admitting such alien shall, in addition to proof
of good moral character, be satisfied by com-
petent proof of such person's service in and
honorable discharge from the United States
navy or marine corps"; and so much of an
act approved June 30, 1914, entitled "An act
making appropriations for the naval service
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, and
for other purposes," being chapter 130 of ths
laws of 1914 (Thirty-Eighth Statutes at
Large, part one, page 392 ) , reading as fol-
lows: "Any alien of the age of 21 years and
upward who may under existing law become a
citizen of the United States, who has served
or may hereafter serve ' for one enlistment of
not less than four years in the United States
navy or marine corps, and who has received
therefrpm an honorable discharge or an ordi-
nary discharge with recommendation for re-
enlistment, or who has completed four years in
the revenue cutter service and received there-
from an honorable discharge or an ordinary
discharge with recommendation for re-enlist-
ment, or who has completed four years of
honorable service in the naval auxiliary serv-
ice, shall be admitted to become a citizen
of the United States upon his petition and with-
out any previous declaration of his inten-
tion to become such, and without proof of
residence on shore, and the court admitting
such alien shall, in addition to proof of good
moral character, be satisfied by competent
proof from naval or revenue cutter sources of
such service: Provided, That an honorable dis-
charge from the navy, marine corps, revenue
cutter service, or the naval auxiliary service,
or an ordinary discharge with recommendation
for re-enlistment, shall be accepted as proof
of good moral character : Provided further. That
any court which now has or may hereafter be
given jurisdiction to naturalize aliens as cit-
izens of the United States may immediately
naturalize any alien applying under and fur-
nishing the proof prescribed by the foregroing-
provisions": and so much of section 3 of an
act approved June 25, 1910 (Thirty-Fourth
Statutes at Large, part one, page 630), read-
ing as follows: "That paragraph two of sec-
tion four of an act entitled 'An act to establish
a bureau of immigration and naturalization,
and to provide for a uniform rule for the nat-
uralization of aliens throughout the United
States.' approved June 29, 1906, be amended
by adding after the proviso in paragraph two
of section four of said act, the following:
Provided further. That any person belonging-
to the class of persons authorized and qualified
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOK 1919.
385
under existing: law to become a citizen of the
United States, who has resided cpnstantly in
the United States during- a period of five
years next preceding- May 1. 1910, who, be-
cause of misinformation in reg-ard to his
citizenship or the requirements of the law
g-overning- the naturalization of citizens has
labored and acted under the impression that
he was or could become a citizen of the United
States and has in good faith exercised the
rigrhts or duties of a citizen or intended
citizen of the United States because of such
wrongful information and belief may, upon
making- a showing: of such facts satisfactory
to a court haying- jurisdiction to issue papers
of naturalization to an alien, and the court
in its judgment believes that such person
has been for .a period of more than five years
entitled upon proper proceedings to be nat-
uralized as a citizen of the United States, re-
ceive from the said court a final certificate of
naturalization, and, said court may issue such
certificate without requiring- proof of former
declaration by or on part of such person of
his intention to become a citizen of the United
States, but such applicant for naturalization
shall comply in all other respects with the law
relative to the issuance of final papers of nat-
uralization to aliens.
That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent
with or repug-nant to the provisions of this act
are hereby repealed: but nothing- in this act
shall repeal or in any way enlarge section 2169
of the Revised Statutes, except as specified in
the seventh subdivision of this act and under
the limitation therein defined: Provided, That
lor the purposes of the prosecution of all
crimes and offenses against the naturalization
laws of the United States which may have
been committed prior to this act the statutes
and laws hereby repealed shall remain in lull
force and effect: Provided further. That as
to all aliens who prior to Jan. 1, 1900, served
in the armies of the United States and were
honorably discharged therefrom, section 2166
of the Revised Statutes of the United States
shall be and remain in full force and effect,
anything- in this act to the contrary notwith-
standing.
Sec. 3. That all certificates of naturalization
granted by courts of competent jurisdiction
prior to Dec. 31, 1918, upon petitions for nat-
uralization filed prior to Jan. 31, 1918, upon
declarations of intention filed prior to Sept.
27, 1906. are hereby declared to be valid in
so far as the declaration of intention is con-
cerned, but shall not be by this act further
validated or legalized.
The word "District" in sections four, ten,
and twenty-seven of the act which this act
amends is hereby amended to read "the
District of Columbia." (Approved May 9,
1918.)
LIABILITY TO MILITARY SERVICE.
Resolved, etc.. That if under any regulations
heretofore or hereafter prescribed by the
president persons registered and liable for mili-
tary service under the terms of the act of
congress approved May 18, 1917, entitled "An
act to authorize the president to increase
temporarily the military establishment of the
United States," are placed in classes for the
purpose of determining their relative liability
for military service, no provision of said act
shall prevent the president from calling for
immediate military service under regulations
heretofore or hereafter prescribed by the
president all or part of the persons in any class
or classes except those exempt from draft under
the provisions of said act, in proportion to
the total number of persons placed in such
class or classes in the various subdivisions of
the states, territories, and the District of
Columbia designated by the president under
the terms of said act: or from calling into
immediate military service persons classed as
skilled experts in industry or agriculture, how-
ever-classified or wherever residing-. (Approved
May 16, 1918.)
REGISTRATION FOR MILITARY SERVICE.
Resolved, etc.. That during the present
emergency all male persons, citizens of the
United States and all male persons residing
in the United States, who have, since the fifth
day of June. 1917. and on or before the day
set for the registration by proclamation by the
president, attained the age of twenty-one years,
shall be subject to registration in accordance
with regulations to be prescribed by the presi-
dent, and that upon proclamation by the
president, stating1 the time and place of such
registration, it shall be the duty of all such
persons, except such persons as are exempt
from registration under the act of May 18,
1917, and any act or acts amendatory thereof,
to present themselves for and submit to
registration under the provisions of said act
approved May 18, 1917, and they shall be
registered in the same manner and subject to
the same requirements and liabilities as those
previously registered under the terms of said
act: Provided, That those persons registered
under the provisions of this act shall be
placed at the bottom of the list of those
liable for military service, in the several
classes to which they are assigned, under such
rules and regulations as the president may
prescribe.
Sec. 2. That after the day set under sec-
tion 1 hereof for the registration by proclama-
tion by the president at such intervals as the
president may from time to time prescribe,
the president may require that all male per-
sons, citizens of the United States and all male
persons residing- in the United States, who
have attained the age of twenty-one years
since the last preceding date of registration,
and on or before the next day set for the
registration by proclamation by the president,
except such persons as are exempt from
registration under the act of May 18, 1917.
and any act or acts amendatory thereof, shall
be registered in the same manner and subject
to the same requirements and liabilities as
tho§e previously registered under the terms of
said act: Provided, That students who are pre-
paring for the ministry in recognized theo-
logical or divinity schools, and students who
are preparing for the practice of medicine and
surgery in recognized medical schools, at the
time of the approval of this act shall be ex-
empt from the selective draft prescribed in
the act of May 18, 1917.
Sec. 3. That all such persons when regis-
tered shall be liable to military service and to
draft under the terms of said act approved
May 18, 1917, under such regulations as the
president may prescribe not inconsistent with
the terms of said act.
Sec. 4. That all such persons shall be sub-
ject to the terms and provisions and liabilities
of said act approved May 18, 1917, in all
respects as if they had been registered under
the terms of said act, and every such person
shall be deemed to have notice of the re-
quirements of said act and of this joint resolu-
tion upon the publication of any such procla-
mation by the president. (Approved May 20.
1918.)
ESPIONAGE ACT AMENDMENT.
Be it enacted, etc.. That section 3 of title I.
of the act entitled "An act to punish acts of
interference with the foreign relations, the
neutrality and the foreign commerce of the
United States, to punish espionage, and better
to enforce the criminal laws of the United
States, and for other purposes," approved June
15, 1917, be, and the same is hereby, amended
so as to read as follows:
"Sec. 3. Whoever, when the United States
is at war, shall willfully make or convey false
reports or false statements with intent to in-
terfere with the operation or sucress of the
military or naval forces of the United Slates,
386
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
or to promote the success of its enemies, or
shall willfully make or convey false reports
or false statements, or say or do anything
except by way of bona fide and not disloyal
advice to an investor or investors, with intent
to obstruct the sale by the United States of
bonds or other securities of the United States
or the making' of loans by or to the United
States, and whoever, when the United States
is at war, shall willfully cause, or attempt to
cause, or incite or attempt to incite, insub-
ordination, dislpyalty, mutiny or refusal of
duty, in the military or naval forces of the
United States, or shall willfully obstruct or
attempt tp obstruct the recruiting' or enlist-
ment service of the United States, and who-
ever, when the United States is at war, shall
willfully utter, print, write or publish any
disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive lan-
guage about the form of government of the
United States, or the constitution of the
United States, or the military or naval forces
of the United States, or the flag of the United
States, or the uniform of the army or navy of
the United States, or any language intended to
bring the form of government of the United
States, or the constitution of the United States,
or the military or naval forces of the United
States or the flag of the United States, or the
uniform of the army or navy of the United
States into contempt, scorn, contumely or dis-
repute, or shall willfully utter, print, write
or publish any language intended to incite,
provoke or encourage resistance to the United
States, or to promote the cause of its ene-
mies, or shall willfully display the flag of any
foreign enemy, or shall willfully by utter-
ance, writing, printing, publication or lan-
guage spoken, urge, incite or advocate any
curtailment of production in this country of
any thing or things, product or products,
necessary or essential to the prosecution of
the war in which the United States may be
engaged, with intent by such curtailment to
cripple or hinder the United States in the
prosecution of the war, and whoever shall
willfully advocate, teach, defend or suggest
the doing of any of the acts or things in this
section enumerated, and whoever shall by
word or act support or rfavor the cause of
any country with which the United States is
at war or by word or act oppose the cause
of the United States therein, shall be punished
by a fine of not more than $10,000 or im-
prisonment for not more than twenty years,
or both: Provided, That any employe or offi-
cial of the United States government who com-
mits any disloyal act or utters any unpatri-
otic or disloyal language, or who in an
abusive and violent manner criticizes the
army or navy or the flag of the United States
shall be at once dismissed from the service.
Any such employe shall be dismissed by the
head of the department in which the em-
ploye may be engaged and any such official
shall be dismissed by the authority having
power to appoint a successor to the dismissed
official."
Sec. 2. That section 1 of title XII. and
all other provisions of the act entitled "An
act to punish acts of interference with the
foreign relations, the neutrality and the
foreign commerce of the United States, to pun-
ish espionage, and better to enforce the crimi-
nal laws of the United States, and for other
purposes," approved June 15, 1917, which ap-
ply to section 3 of title I. thereof shall apply
with equal force and effect to said section
3 as amended.
Title XII. of the said act of June 15, 1917,
be, and the same is hereby, amended by add-
ing thereto the following section:
"Sec. 4. When the United States is at war,
the postmaster-general may, upon evidence
satisfactory to him that any person or con-
cern is using the mails in violation of any of
the provisions of this act, instruct the post-
master at any post office at which mail is re-
ceived addressed to such person or concern to
return to the postmaster at the office at
which they were originally mailed all letters
or other matter so addressed, wuh the words
'Mail to this address undeliverable under es-
pionage act' plainly written or stamped upon
the outside thereof, and all such letters or
other matter so returned to such postmasters
shall be by them returned to the senders
thereof under such regulations as the post-
master-general may prescribe." (Approved
May 16, 1918.)
CONSOLIDATION OF BUREAUS.
For the national security and defense, for
the successful prosecution of the war, for the
support and maintenance of the army and
navy, for the better utilization of resources
and industries, and for the more effective
exercise and more efficient adminstration by
the president of his powers as commander
in chief of the land and naval forces,
the president is hereby authorized to make
such redistribution of functions among execu-
tive agencies as he may deem necessary in-
cluding any functions, duties, and powers
hitherto by law conferred upon any executive
department, commission, bureau, agency, of-
fice or officer, in such manner as in his judg-
ment shall seem best fitted to carry out the
purposes of this act, and to this end is au-
thorized to make such regulations and to issue
such orders as he may deem necessary, which
regulations and orders shall be in writing and
shall be filed with the head of the department
affected and constitute a public record. This
act shall remain in force during the continu-
ance of the present war and for six months
after the termination of the war by the
proclamation of the treaty of peace, or at
such earlier time as the president may desig-
nate. The authority by this act granted shall
be exercised only in matters relating to the
conduct of the present war.
In carrying out the purposes of this act the
president is authorized to utilize, co-ordinate
or consolidate any executive or administra-
tive commissions, bureaus, agencies, offices or
officers now existing by law, to transfer any
duties or powers from one existing department,
commission, bureau, agency, office or officer to
another, to transfer the personnel thereof or
any part of it either by detail or assignment,
together with the whole or any part of the
records and public property belonging thereto.
Aircraft Agency.
The president is further authorized to estab-
lish an executive agency which may exercise
such jurisdiction and control over the pro-
duction of aeroplanes, aeroplane engines, and
aircraft equipment as in his judgment may be
advantageous; and, further, to transfer to such
agency, for its use, all or any moneys hereto-
fore appropriated for the production of aero-
planes, aeroplane engines and aircraft equip-
ment.
For the purpose of carrying out the pro-
visions of this act, any moneys heretofore and
hereafter appropriated for the use of any
executive department, commission, bureau,
agency, office or officer shall be expended only
for the purposes for which it was appropri-
ated under the directior of such other agency
as may be directed by the president hereunder
to perform and execute said function.
Should the president, in redistributing the
functions among the executive agencies as
provided in this act, conclude tha* any bureau
should "be abolished and it or their duties and
functions conferred upon some other depart-
ment or bureau or eliminated entirely, he shall
report his conclusions to congress with such
recommendations as he may deem proper.
Upon the termination of this act all execu-
tive or administrative agencies, departments,
commissions, bureaus, offices or officers shall
exercise the same functions, duties, and powers
as heretofore or as hereafter by law may be
provided, any authorization of the president
under this act to the contrary notwithstand-
ing. (Approved May 30, 1918.)
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
387
PROHIBITION IN HAWAII.
. Ninety days after the passage of this act,
during- the period of the war and thereafter,
except as herein provided, it shall be unlawful
in the territory of Hawaii to sell, give away,
manufacture, transport, import or export in-
toxicating' liquors, except for mechanical, sci-
entific, sacramental or medical purposes, for
which purposes the sale, gift, transport, im-
port and export of the same shall be under
such rules and regulations as the governor of
the territory may prescribe, and any person
violating the provisions hereof shall be fined
in a sum not exceeding $500 or imprisoned
for a period of not longer than one year, or
both. At any general election of the territory
of Hawaii, held within two years after the
conclusion of peace, the repeal of this act
may, upon petition of not less than 20 per
centum of the qualified electors of the terri-
tory at the last preceding general election, be
submitted to a vote of the qualified electors
of the territory, and if a majority of all the
qualified electors voting upon such question
shall vote to repeal this act, it shall there-
after not be in force and effect; otherwise it
shall be in full force and effect.
The said petition shall be addressed to and
filed with the secretary of the territory at
least two months before the election at which
the question is to be voted upon, and the
person obtaining any signature to such peti-
tion shall make affidavit that he witnessed the
signing of the same and believes the address
of each petitioner affixed to his name is the
true address of such petitioner. Such elec-
tion shall be conducted under the laws oi the
territory provided for general elections. (Ap-
proved May 23, 1918.)
NUMBER OF ARMY CHAPLAINS.
The president is authorized to appoint, by
and with the advice and consent of the sen-
ate, chaplains in the army at the rate of not
to exceed, including chaplains now in the
service, one for each 1,200 officers and men
in all branches of the military establishment,
with rank, pay and allowance as now au-
thorized by law. There shall be assigned at
least one chaplain for each regiment of cav-
alry, infantry, field artillery and engineers.
The persons appointed under this act shall be
duly accredited by some religious denomina-
tion or organization and of good standing
therein, under such regulations as may be
prescribed by the secretary of war. No per-
son shall be appointed chaplain in the army
who on the date of appointment is more than
45 years of age. (Approved May 25, 1918.)
SALE OF WAR MATERIALS.
During the existing emergency the president
is authorized, in his discretion, and upon such
terms as he shall deem expedient, through the
head of any executive department, to sell any
supplies, materials, equipment or other prop-
erty heretofore or hereafter purchased, ac-
quired or manufactured by the United States
in connection with or incidental to the
prosecution of the war, to any person, partner-
ship, association or corporation, or to any
foreign state or government engaged in war
against any government with which the United
States is at war; and any moneys received by
the United States as the proceeds of any
such sale shall be covered into the treasury of
the United States and a full report of the
same shall be forthwith submitted to con-
gress. (Approved May 10, 1918.)
AGE OF NAVAL CADETS.
Hereafter all candidates for admission to the
naval academy must be not less than 16
years of age nor more than 20 years of age
on April 1 of the calendar year in which
they enter the academy: Provided. That the
foregoing shall not apply to candidates for
midshipmen designated for entrance to the
academy in 1918. (Approved May 14, 1918.)
BANKS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO RED CROSS.
During the continuance of ine state of war
now existing it shall be iawiul for any na-
tional banking association to contribute to tne
American National Red Cross out of any net
profits otherwise available under the law lor
the declaration of dividends such sum or s^ais.
as the directors of said association shall deem
expedient. Each association shall report. 10-
the comptroller of the currency within ten.
days after the making of any such contribu-
tion the amount of such contribution and the
amount of net earnings in excess of such con-
tribution. Such report shall be attested by
the president or cashier of the association in
like manner as the report of the declaration,
of any dividend.
All sums so contributed shall be utilized by
the American National Red Cross in furnish-
ing volunteer aid to the sick and wounded
of the combatant armies, the voluntary re-
lief of the army and navy of the United
States, and the relief and mitigation of the
suffering caused by the war to the people of
the United States and their allied nations.
(Approved May 22, 1918.)
REQUISITIONING OF VESSELS.
The president may exercise the power and
authority hereby vested in him through such,
agency or agencies as he shall determine from,
time to time.
All power and authority hereby vested in the
president and all restrictions imposed in this-
act shall eease upon the proclamation of the
final treaty of peace between the United States-
and the imperial German government : Pro-
vided, That if, in the judgment of the presi-
dent, the tonnage shortage at such time is so-
severe that national interests of the United
States are jeopardized, he may, by proclama-
tion, extend the provisions of this act for a
further period of not exceeding six months.
The president may, by proclamation, require
that vessels of the United States of any spec-
ified class or description, or in any specified
trade or trades, shall not be chartered unless-
the instrument in which such charter is em-
bodied, and the rates, terms and conditions-
thereof are first approved by him. Whenever
any vessel is comprised in any such proclama-
tion it shall be unlawful to make any charter
thereof without first obtaining the approval
thereof by the president.
The president shall have power to determine-
and enforce reasonable freight rates and con-
ditions which shall govern the transportation
of goods on vessels of the United States, which,
shall be filed with the United States shipping-
board and open to public inspection. It shall
be unlawful to charge or collect any com-
pensation for the transportation of goods on
any such vessel, not in accordance with the
rates, terms and conditions prescribed.
The president shall have power to prescribe
the order of priority in which goods shall be
carried or other services performed by any
vessel of the United States and to specify
goods which shall be carried or to direct the
voyage or employment of any such vessel and!
to make such rules, regulations, and orders,
with respect to any such vessel, relating to-
the loading, discharging, "lighterage or storage
of goods, or the procurement of bunker fuel,
or any other matter as may in his judgment
be necessary and proper for the efficient utili-
zation of transportation facilities and the
effective conduct of the war.
The president may by proclamation extend
the above provisions to any vessel of foreign
nationality under charter to a citizen of the
United States or other person subject to the
jurisdiction thereof.
The president shall have power to make
such rules, regulations and orders regarding
voyages, courses, the use of protective de-
vices and any other matters affecting the
navigation, equipment, fueling, painting or
388
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
arming: of vessels oi the United States as may,
in his judgment, be conducive to the protection
of such vessels from submarines, mines or
other war perils, any expense so incurred to
be allowed for in determining' freight and
charter rates under this act. If in his judg-
ment any vessel or class of vessels on account
of size, speed, structure, method of propul-
sion or for any other reason is unfit for
service in any waters which he may declare to
be a danger zone," he may, by order, exclude
euch vessel or vessels from such danger zone.
Jt shall be unlawful to violate any order,
rule or regulation made under this section.
JRules, regulations or orders issued under this
section may, in the discretion of the presi-
dent, be issued confidentially, in which event
they shall be binding only on such persons
as have notice thereof.
The president may by proclamation require
that no citizen of the United States, or other
person subject to the jurisdiction thereof, shall
charter any vessel of foreign nationality unless
the instrument in which such charter is em-
bodied and the rates, terms and conditions
thereof are first approved by the president.
The president shall have power to requisition
Jor military purposes, or for any other na-
tional purpose connected with or arising out
of the present war, the temporary posses-
sion of any vessel, or, without taking actual
possession, to requisition the services of any
vessel and to require the person entitled to the
possession thereof to issue to the master such
instructions as may be necessary to place the
vessel at the service of the United States.
Upon requisitioning- such possession or serv-
ices the president shall transmit to the person
entitled to the possession of such vessel a
charter setting forth the terms which, in his
judgment, should govern the relations between
the United States and such person and a state-
ment of the rental or rate of hire which, in
his judgment, will be just compensation for
the use of such vessel and for the services
required under the terms of such charter. If
such person does not execute and deliver such
charter and accept such rental or rate of
hire, the president shall pay to such person
a sum equal to 75 per cent of such rental
or rate of hire and such person shall be en-
titled to sue the United States to recover such
further sum as added to such 75 per cent
will make up such amount as will be just
compensation for the use of the vessel and for
the services required.
The president shall have power to prescribe
the order of priority in which persons in pos-
session of drydocks, wharves, lighterage sys-
tems or loading or discharging terminal fa-
cilities in any port of the United States, or
warehouses, equipment or terminal railways
connected therewith, shall serve vessels and
shippers, and to determine and enforce the
rates, terms and conditions charged or re-
quired for the furnishing of such services, in-
cluding stevedoring and handling of cargo,
and the handling, disnatching and bunkering
of vessels, and to make such rules and regu-
lations with respect to the conduct of any
such business as may be necessary and proper.
The president shall have power to lease or
requisition the use or temporary possession
of, or to assume temporary control of, any
drydocks, wharves or loading- or discharging
terminal facilities, in any port of the United
States, or warehouses, equinment or terminal
railways connected therewith.
Whenever the president requisitions or as-
sumes control of any such property the
United States shall pay just compensation
therefor, to be determined by the president.
Nothing- in this section shall authorize the
president to requisition the title to any such
property owned by any state, municipality or
subdivision thereof.
All vessels of which the possession or serv-
ices are requisitioned under this act, and all
drydocks, wharves, loading or discharging
terminal facilities, warehouses, equipment or
terminal railways, of which the president may
acquire the title or possession or of which
he may assume control under this act, may be
operated and managed as the president may
from time to time direct. The net proceeds
derived from any activity authorized in this
act shall be deposited in the treasury in a
separate and distinct fund and may be ex-
pended by the president in carrying out the
purposes of this act, and within the limits of
the amounts heretofore or hereafter author-
ized, for the construction, requisitioning or
purchasing of vessels; Provided, That none of
the provisions of this act shall apply to ves-
sels plying exclusively on the inland rivers
and canals of the United States.
Whoever does or attempts to do anything
in this act declared to be unlawful, or will-
fully violates any rule, regulation or order
issued under authority conferred herein, shall
be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000
or by imprisonment for not more than two
years, or both. (Approved July 18, 1918.)
FOURTH LIBERTY BOND ACT.
Section 1 of the second liberty bond act,
as amended by the third liberty bond act, is
hereby further amended by striking out the
figures "$12,000,000,000" and inserting in
lieu thereof the figures "$20,000,000,000."
Section 2 of the second liberty bond act,
as amended by the third liberty bond act, is
hereby further amended by striking out the
figures "$5,500,000,000" and inserting in lieu
thereof the figures "$7,000,000,000."
Notwithstanding the provisions of the sec-
ond liberty bond act, as amended by the
third liberty bond act, or of the War Finance
corporation act, bonds and certificates of in-
debtedness of the United States payable in
any foreign money or foreign moneys, and
bonds of the War Finance corporation pay-
able in any foreign money or foreign moneys
exclusively or in the alternative, shall, if and
to the extent expressed in such bonds at the
time of their issue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, while beneficially
owned by a nonresident alien individual, or by
a foreign '"on, partnership or asso-
ciation, noi cija<*=~~- :n business in the United
States, be exempt both as to principal and
interest from any and all taxation now or
hereafter imposed by the United States, any
state or any of the possessions of the United
States, or by any local taxing authority.
Any incorporated bank or trust company
designated as a depositary by the secretary of
the treasury under the authority conferred by
section 8 of the second liberty bond act. as
amended by the third liberty bond act,
which gives security for such deposits as, and
to amounts, by him prescribed, may. upon
and subject to such terms and conditions as
the secretary of the treasury may prescribe,
act as a fiscal agent of the United States in
connection with the operations of selling and
delivering any bonds, certificates of indebted-
ness or war savings certificates of the United
States. The short title of this act shall be
"Fourth liberty bond act." (Approved July
9. 1918.)
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION ACT.
This act shall be known as the "Vocational
rehabilitation act." The word "board" shall
mean the "federal board for vocational edu-
cation"; the word "bureau" shall mean the
"bureau of war-risk insurance."
Every person who is disabled under circum-
stances entitling him. after discharge from
the military or naval forces of the United
States, to compensation under article III. of
the act entitled "An act to amend an act en-
titled 'An act to authorize the establishment
of a bureau of war-risk insurance In the
treasury department," " approved Oct. 6, 1917,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
389
hereinafter referred to as "said act," and who,
after his discharge, in the opinion of the
board, is unable to carry on a gainful occu-
pation, to resume his former occupation or
to enter upon some other occupation or hav-
ing1 resumed or entered upon such occupation
is unable to continue the same successfully,
shall be furnished by the said board, where
vocational rehabilitation is feasible, such
course of vocational rehabilitation as the
board shall prescribe and provide.
The board shall have power, and it shall be
its duty, to furnish the persons included in
this section suitable courses of vocational re-
habilitation to be prescribed and provided by
the board, and every person electing1 to follow
such a course of vocational rehabilitation
shall, while following- the same, receive
monthly compensation equal to the amount of
his monthly pay for the last month of his ac-
tive service, or equal to the amount to which
he would be entitled under article III. of said
act, whichever amount is the greater. If such
person was an enlisted man at the time of his
discharge, for the period during which he is
so afforded a' course of rehabilitation, his
family shall receive compulsory allotment and
family allowance according to the terms of
article II. of said act in the same manner as
if he were an enlisted man, and for the pur-
pose of computing and paying compulsory al-
lotment and family allowance his compensa-
tion shall be treated as his monthly pay:
Provided. That if such person willfully fails
or refuses to follpw the prescribed course of
vocational rehabilitation which he has elected
to follow, in a manner satisfactory to the
board, the said board in its discretion may
certify to that effect to the bureau and the
said bureau shall, during such period of fail-
ure or refusal, withhold any part or all of the
monthly compensation due such person and
not subject to compulsory allotment which
the said board may have determined should
be withheld: Provided, however, That no
vocational teaching shall be carried on in
any hospital until the medical authorities cer-
tify that the condition of the patient is such
as to justify such teaching.
The military and naval family allowance
appropriation provided for in section 18 of
said act shall be available for the payment
of the family allowances provided by this sec-
tion, and the military and naval compensa-
tion appropriation provided for in section 19
of said act shall be available for the payment
of the monthly compensation herein provided.
No compensatwn under article III. of said
act shall be paid for the period during which
any such person is furnished by said board a
course of vocational rehabilitation except as
Is hereinbefore provided.
The courses of vocational rehabilitation pro-
vided for under this act shall, as far as
practicable and under such conditions as the
board may prescribe, be made available with-
out cost for instruction for the benefit of any
person who is disabled under circumstances
entitling him, after discharge from the mili-
tary or naval forces of the United States, to
compensation under article III. of said act
and who is not included in section 2 hereof.
The board shall have the power and it shall
be its duty . to provide such facilities, in-
structors and courses as may be necessary to
insure proper training for such persons as are
required to follow such courses as herein pro-
vided; to prescribe the courses to be followed
by such persons: to pay, when in the discre-
tion of the board such payment is necessary,
the expense of travel, lodging, subsistence and
other necessary expenses of such persons
while following the prescribed courses: to do
all things necessary to insure vocational re-
habilitation: to provide for the placement ot
rehabilitated persons in suitable or gainful
occupations. The board shall have the power
to make such rules pnrt regulations as may he
necessary for the proper performance of its
duties as prescribed by this act, and is hereby
authorized and directed to utilize, with the
approval of the secretary of labor, the facili-
ties of the department of labor, in so far as
may be practicable, in the placement of reha-
bilitated persons in suitable or gainful occu-
pations.
It shall also be the duty of the board to
make or cause to have made studies, investiga-
tion and reports regarding the vocational re-
habilitation of disabled persons and their
placement in suitable or gainful occupations.
When the board deems it advisable, such,
studies, investigations and reports may be
made in co-operation with or through other
departments and bureaus of the government,
and the board in its discretion may co-operate
with such public or private agencies as it may
deem advisable in performing- the duties im-
posed upon it by this act.
All medical and surgical work or other treat-
ment necessary to give functional and mental
restoration to disabled persons prior to their
discharge from the military or naval forces of
the United States shall be under the control
of the war department and the navy depart-
ment, respectively. Whenever training is em-
ployed as a therapeutic measure by the war
department or the navy department a plan
may be established between these agencies and
the board acting in an advisory capacity to in-
sure, in so far as medical requirements per-
mit, a proper process of training and the
proper preparation of instructors for such,
training. A plan may also be established be-
tween the war and navy departments and the
board whereby these departments shall act in.
an advisory capacity with the board in the
care of the health of the soldier and sailor
after his discharge.
The board shall, in establishing- its plans and
rules and regulations for vocational training,
co-operate with the war department and the
navy department in so far as may be neces-
sary to effect a continuous process of voca-
tional training.
The board is hereby authorized and empow-
ered to receive such gifts and donations from,
either public or private sources as may be of-
fered unconditionally. All moneys received as
gifts or donations shall be paid into the treas-
ury of the United States, and shall constitute
a permanent fund, to be called the "special
fund for vocational rehabilitation," to be
used under the direction of the board, in con-
nection with the appropriations hereby made
or hereafter to be made, to defray the ex-
penses of providing and maintaining- courses
of vocational rehabilitation.
There is hereby appropriated, available im-
mediately and until expended, the sum of
$2,000,000 or so much thereof as may be
necessary, to be used by the federal board for
vocational education for the purposes of this
act, to wit, for renting and remodeling build-
ings and quarters, repairing, maintaining and
equipping same, and for equipment and
other facilities necessary for proper instruc-
tion of disabled persons, $250,000: for the
preparation of instructors and salaries of in-
structors, supervisors and other experts, in-
cluding necessary traveling expenses, $545,000;
for traveling expenses of disabled persons in
connection with training and for lodging, sub-
sistence and other necessary expenses in spe-
cial cases of persons following prescribed
courses, $250.000; for tuition for disabled
persons pursuing courses in existing institu-
tions, public or private, $545,000; for the
placement and supervision after placement of
vocationally rehabilitated persons, $45.000;
for studies, investigations, reports and prepara-
tion of special courses of instruction, $55,000;
for miscellaneous contingencies, including
special mechanical appliances necessary in
special cases for disabled men. $110.000. and
for the administrative expenses of said board
incident to performing the duties imposed by
this ac*, including salaries of such assistants.
390
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
•experts, clerks and other employes in the Dis-
trict of Columbia or elsewhere as the board
may deem necessary, actual traveling and
other necessary expenses incurred by the
members of the board and by its employes
under its orders, including attendance at meet-
ings of educational associations and other or-
ganizations, rent and equipment of offices in
the District of Columbia and elsewhere, pur-
chase of DOOKS of reference, law books and
periodicals, stationery, typewriters and ex-
ciiange thereof, miscellaneous supplies, post-
age on foreign mail, printing and binding to
toe done at tne government printing office, and
ail otner necessary expenses, $200,000.
The board shall file with the clerk of the
house and the secretary of the senate on July
1 and every three months thereafter, for the
information of the congress, an itemized ac-
•count of all expenditures made under this act,
including names and salaries of employes.
"The board shall also make an annual report
to the congress of its doings under this act
on or before Dec. 1 of each year.
No person of draft age physically fit for
military service shall be exempted from such
.service on account of being employed under
the terms of this act. (Approved June 27,
1918.)
SPANISH WAR PENSIONS.
From and after the passage of this act if
any volunteer officer or enlisted man who
served ninety days or more in the army, navy
-or marine corps of the United States, during
the war with Spain or the Philippine insur-
rection, between April 21, 1898, and July 4,
1902, inclusive, service to be computed from
•date of enlistment to date of discharge, or
any officer or enlisted man of the regular
establishment who rendered ninety days' or
more actual military or naval service in the
United States army, navy or marine corps in
the war with Spain or the Philippine insur-
rection, or as a participant in the Chinese
boxer rebellion campaign between June 10,
1900, and Oct. 1, 1900, and who has been
honorably discharged therefrom, has died or
shall hereafter die leaving a widow without
means of support other than her daily labor
•and an actual net income not exceeding $250
per year, or leaving a minor child or children
under the age of 16 years, such widow shall
upon due proof of her husband's death, wUh-
•out proving his death to be the result of his
army or navy service, be placed on the pen-
sion roll from the date of the filing of her
application therefor under this act, at the
rate of $12 per month during her widowhood,
and shall also be paid $2 per month for each
• child of such officer or enlisted man under 16
years of age, and in case of the death or re-
marriage of the widow, leaving a child or
children of such officer or enlisted man under
the age of 16 years, such pension shall be
paid such child or children until the age of
16: Provided, That in case a minor child is
insane, idiotic or otherwise permanently help-
less, the pension shall continue during the life
of said child, or during the period of such
disability, and shall commence from the date
of application therefor after the passage of
this act : Provided further. That said widow
shall have married said officer or enlisted man
previous to the passage of this act.
GERMAN-AMERICAN ALLIANCE.
The act approved Feb. 25. 1907, entitled
"An act to incorporate the National German-
American alliance" is hereby repealed. (Ap-
proved July 30. 1918.)
NOBEL PRIZE RETURNED TO ROOSEVELT.
The resolution recites that in compliance
with the desire of Theodore Roosevelt con-
fess in 1907 passed an act to establish the
"Foundation for the Promotion of Industrial
Peace" with power to accept from him the
money gift carried as a part of the Nobel
peace prize awarded to him in 1906. The
committee appointed under the act having
found it impracticable to dispose of the
money in accordance with the provisions of
the act is therefore authorized to return the
money, principal and interest, represented in
the Nobel peace prize, to Theodore Koosevelt.
(Approved July 12, 1918.)
GOVERNMENT TELEGRAPH CONTROL.
The president during the continuance of the
present war is authorized and empowered,
whenever he shall deem it necessary for the
national security or defense, to supervise or
to take possession and assume control of any
telegraph, teiephote, marine cable or radio
system or systems, or any part thereof, and
to operate the same in such manner as may
be needful or desirable for the duration of the
war, which supervision, possession, control or
operation shall not extend beyond the date of
the proclamation by the president of the ex-
change of ratifications of the treaty of peace:
Provided, That just compensation shall be
made for such supervision, possession, control
or operation, to be determined by the presi-
dent, and if the amount thereof, so deter-
mined by the president, is unsatisfactory to
the person entitled tp receive the same, such
person shall be paid 75 per cent of the
amount so determined by the president and
shall be entitled to sue the United States to
recover such further sum as added to 75 per
cent will make up such amount as will be
just compensation therefor, in the manner
provided for by section 24, paragraph 20, and
section 145 of the judicial code: Provided
further, That nothing in this act shall be
construed to amend, repeal, impair or affect
existing laws or powers of the states in rela-
tion to taxation or the lawful police regula-
tions of the several states, except wherein
such laws, powers or regulations may affect
the transmission of government communica-
tions or the issue of stocks and bonds by-
such system or systems. (Approved July 16.
1918 ) ,
CHANGES IN DRAFT AGE.
Be it enacted, etc., that the second sentence
of section 2 of the act entitled "An act to
authorize the president to increase temporarily
the military establishment of the United
States," approved May 18. 1917. as amended,
be. and is hereby, amended to read as follows:
Such draft as herein provided shall be based
upon liability to military service of all male
citizens and male persons residing in the United
States, not alien enemies, w;lio have declared
their intention to become citizens, between the
ages of 18 and 45. both inclusive, and shall
take place and be maintained under such regu-
lations as the president may prescribe not in-
consistent with the terms of this act: Provid-
ed, That the president may draft such persons
liable to military service in such sequence of
ages and at such time or times as he may pre-
scribe: Provided further. That a citizen or
subject of a country neutral in the present war
who has declared his intention to become a
citizen of the United States shall be relieved
from liability to military service upon his mak-
ing a declaration, in accordance with such reg-
ulations as the president may prescribe, with-
drawing his intention to become a citizen of
the United States, which shall operate and be
held to cancel his declaration ol intention to
become an American citizen, and he shall for-
ever be debarred from becoming a citizen of
the United States.
Sec. 2. That the provision wherever occurring
in section 4 of said act. "persons engaged in
industries, including agriculture, found to be
necessary to the maintenance of the military
establishment or the effective operation of the
military forces or the maintenance of national
interest during emergency." be. and is here-
by, amended to read as follows:
"Persons engaged in industries, occupations o*
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
391
employments, including- agriculture, found to
be necessary to the maintenance of the mili-
tary establishment or the effective operation of
the military forces or the maintenance of na-
tional interest during- the emerg-ency."
Sec. 3. That section 5 of said act be, and is
hereby, amended to read as follows:
"That all male persons between the ages of
18 to 45. both inclusive, shall be subject to
registration in accordance with regulations to
be prescribed by the president, and, upon proc-
lamation by the president or other public no-
tice given by him or by his direction stating
the time or times and place or places of any
such registration, it shall be the duty of all
persons of the designated ag-es, except officers
and enlisted men of the regular army; officers
and enlisted men of the national guard while
in the service of the United Sates; officers oi
the officers' reserve corps and enlisted men in
the enlisted reserve corps while in the service
of the United States; officers and enlisted men
of the navy and marine corps: officers and en-
listed and enrolled men of the naval reserve
force and marine corps reserve while in the
service of the United States: officers commis-
sioned in the army of the United States under
the provisions of this -act: persons who, prior
to any day set for registration by the president
hereunder, have registered under the terms of
this act or under the terms of the resolution
entitled 'Joint resolution providing- for the reg-
istratipn for military service of all male per-
sons citizens of the United States and all male
persons residing in the United States who have,
since the 5th day of June, 1917, and on or
before the day set for the registration by proc-
lamation toy the president, attained the age of
21 years, in accordance with such rules and
regulations as the president may prescribe un-
der the terms of the act approved May 18,
1917, entitled "An act to authorize the presi-
dent to increase temporarily the military estab-
lishment of the United States," ' approved May
20, 1918. whether called for service or not,
and diplomatic representatives, technical at-
taches of foreign embassies and legations,
consuls-general, consuls, vice-consuls and con-
sular agents of foreign countries, residing in
the United States, who are not citizens of the
United States, to present themselves for and
submit to registration under the provisions of
this act, and every such person shall be deemed
to have notice of the requirements of this act
upon the publication of any such proclamation
or any such other public notice as aforesaid
given by the president or by his direction, and
any person who shall willfully fail or refuse to
present himself for registration or to submit
thereto as herein provided shall be guilty of a
misdeameanor and shall, upon conviction in a
District court of the United States having ju-
risdiction thereof, be punished by imprisonment
for not more than one year and shall there-
upon be duly registered: Provided. That in the
call of the docket precedence shall be given, in
courts trying the same, to the trial of criminal
proceedings under this act: Provided further.
That persons shall be subject to registration as
herein provided who shall have attained their
18th birthday and who shall not have attained
their 46th birthday on or before the day set for
the registration in any such proclamation by the
president or any such other public notice given
by him or by his direction, and all persons so
registered shall be and remain subject to draft
into the forces hereby authorized unless ex-
empted or excused therefrom as in this act
provided: Provided further. That the president
may at such intervals as he may desire from
time to time require all male persons who have
attained the age of 18 years since the last pre-
ceding date of registration and on or before
the next date set for registration by proclama-
tion by the president, except such persons as
are exempt from registration hereunder, to reg-
ister in the same manner and subject to the
same requirements and liabilities as those pre-
viously registered under the terms hereof: And
provided further. That in the case of temporary
absence from actual place of legal residence of
any person liable to registration as provided
herein, such registration may be made by mail
under regulations to be prescribed by the presi-
dent: And provided further, That men regis-
tered under the provisions of this act who
have served in the navy of the United States
shall, upon their own application, be permitted
to re-enlist in the naval or marine service of
the United States with and by the approval of
the secretary of the navy."
Sec. 4. That all men rendered available for
induction into the military service of the
United States through registration or draft
heretofore or hereafter made pursuant to law,
shall be liable to service in the army or the
navy or the marine corps, and shall be allotted
to the army, the navy or the marine corps un-
der regulations to be prescribed by the presi-
dent: Provided, That all persons drafted and
allotted to the navy or the marine corps in
pursuance hereof shall, from the date of al-
lotment, be subject to the laws and regulations
governing the navy and the marine corps, re-
spectively.
Sec. 5. That the wife of a soldier or sailor
serving in the present war shall not be dis-
qualified for any position or apppintment un-
der the government because she is a married
woman.
Sec. 6. That soldiers, during the present
emergency, regardless of age and existing law
and regulations, shall be eligible to receive
commissions in the army of the United '.States.
They shall likewise be eligible to admission to
officers' schools under such rules and regula-
tions as may be adopted for entrance to such
scho9ls, but shall not be barred therefrom or
discriminated against on account of age.
Sec. 7. That the secretary of war is author-
ized to assign to educational institutions, for
special and technical training, soldiers who en-
ter the military service under the provisions
of this act in such numbers and under such
regulations as he may prescribe, and is author-
ized to contract with such educational institu-
tions for the subsistence, quarters and military
and academic instruction of such soldiers.
Sec. 8. That any person, under the age of
21, who has served or shall hereafter serve in
the army of the United States during the pres-
ent emergency, shall be entitled to the same
rights under the homestead and other land and
mineral entry laws, general or special, as those
over 21 years of age now possess under said
laws: Provided, That any requirements as to
establishment of residence within a limited time
shall be suspended as to entry by such person
until six months after his discharge from mili-
tary service : Provided further. That applica-
tions for entry may be verified before any of-
ficer in the United Sates, or any foreign coun-
try, authorized to administer oaths by the laws
of the state or territory in which the land may
be situated.
Sec. 9. That hereafter, uniforms, accouter-
ments and equipment shall, upon the request
of any officer of the army or cadet at the mili-
tary academy, be furnished! by the government
at cost, subject to such restrictions and regu-
lations as the secretary of war may prescribe.
(Approved Aug. 31. 1918.)
WAR-RISK INSURANCE LAW AMENDED.
Be it enacted, etc., that the second subdivi-
sion (4) of section 22 of the act entitled "An
act to authorize the establishment of a bureau
of war-risk insurance in the treasury depart-
ment," approved Sept. 2, 1914, as amended, re-
lating to the definition of the term "parent,"
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"(4) The term 'parent' includes a father,
mother, grandfather, grandmother, father
through adoption, mother through adoption,
stepfather and stepmother, either of the per-
son in the service or of the spouse."
Sec. 2. That four new sections are hereby
added to article I. of said act, to be known as
392
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
sections 27, 28, 29 and 30, respectively, and to
read as follows:
"Sec. 27. That whoever shall obtain or re-
ceive any money, check, allotment, family al-
lowance, compensation or insurance under arti-
cles II.. III. or IV. of this act, without being
entitled thereto, with intent to defraud the
United States, or any person in the military
or naval forces of the United States, shall
be punished by a fine of not more than
$2,000, or by imprisonment for not more
than one year, or both.
"Sec. 28. That the allotments and family al-
lowances, compensation and insurance payable
under articles II.. III. and IV., respectively,
shall not be assignable; shall not be subject to
the claims of creditors of any person to whom
an award is made under articles II., III. or IV.,
and shall be exempt from all taxation: Pro-
vided, That such allotments and family allow-
ances, compensation and insurance shall be
subject to any claims which the United States
may have, under articles II., III. and IV.. against
the person on whose account the allotments
and family allowances, compensation or insur-
ance are payable.
"Sec. 29. That the discharge or dismissal of
any person from the military or naval forces
on the ground that he is an enemy alien, "con-
scientious objector or a deserter, or as guilty
of mutiny, treason, spying1 or any offense in-
(volving moral turpitude or willful and persist-
ent misconduct, shall terminate any insurance
/granted on the life of such person under the
provisions of article IV., and shall bar all
rights to any compensation under article III.
or any insurance under article IV.
"Sec. 30. That this act may be cited as the
war-risk Insurance act."
Sec. 3. That section 200 of said act is here-
by amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 200. That the provisions of this arti-
cle shall apply to all enlisted men in the mili-
tary or naval forces of the United States, ex-
cept the Philippine scouts, the insular force of
the navy and the Samoan native guard and
band of the navy."
Sec. 4. That the second and third para-
graphs of section 201 of said act are hereby
amended to read as follows:
"The monthly compulsory allotment shall be
815. For a wife living separate and apart
from her husband under court order or writ-
ten agreement, or for a former wife divorced,
the monthly compulsory allotment shall not
exceed the amount specified in the court order,
decree or written agreement to be paid to her,
and for an illegitimate child, to whose support
the father has been judicially ordered or de-
creed to contribute, it shall not exceed the
amount fixed in the order or decree.
"If there is a compulsory allotment lor a
wife or child, then a former wife divorced who
has not remarried and to whom alimony has
been decreed, shall not be entitled to a com-
pulsory allotment, but shall be entitled to a
family allowance as hereinafter provided."
Sec. 5. That section 203 of said act is here-
by amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 203. That in case one-half of an en-
listed man's monthly pay is not allotted, regu-
lations to be made by the secretary of war and
the secretary of the navy, respectively, may re-
quire, under such circumstances and conditions
as may be prescribed in such regulations, that
any proportion of such one-half pay as is not
allotted shall be deposited to his credit, to be
held during such period of his service as may
be prescribed. Such deposit shall bear inter-
est at the same rate as United States bonds
bear for the same period, and, when payable,
shall be paid, principal and interest, to the en-
listed man, if living, otherwise to any bene-
ficiary or beneficiaries he may have designated,
or if there be no such beneficiary, then to the
person or persons who. under the laws of the
stn.te of his residence, would be entitled to his
personal pronerty in case of intestacy."
•Sec. 6. That the third and fourth para-
graphs of section 204 of said act are hereby
amended to read as follows:
"Class A. In the case of a man to his wife
(including a former wife divorced) and to his
child or children —
"(a) If there is a wife tout no child, $15:
"(b) If there is a wife and one child. 825;
"(c) If there is a wife and two children.
$32.50. with $5 per month additional for each
additional child:
"(d) If there is no wife, but one child, $5:
"(e) If there is no wife, but two children.
812.50;
"(1) If there is no wife, 'but three children,
$20;
" (g) If there is no wife, tout four children.
$30, with 85 per month additional for each ad-
ditional child:
"(h) If there is a former wife divorced who
has not remarried and to whom alimony has
been decreed, $15.
"Class B. In the case of a man or -woman
to a grandchild, a parent, brother or sister —
"(a) If there is one parent, 810:
"(b) If there are two parents, $20:
"(c) If there is a grandchild, brother, sister
or additional parent, $5 for each.
"In the case of a woman, the family allow-
ances for a husband and children shall be in
the same amounts, respectively, as are payable,
in the case of a man, to a wife and children,
provided she makes a voluntary allotment of
815 as a basis therefor, and provided further
that dependency exists as required in section
206."
Sec. 7. That section 206 of said act is here-
by amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 206. That family allowances to mem-
bers of class B shall be paid only if and while
the members are dependents in whole or in
part on the enlisted man, and then only if and
while the enlisted man makes a monthly allot-
ment of his pay for such members in the fol-
lowing amounts:
"(a) If an enlisted man is not making a
compulsory allotment for class A the allotment
for class B required as a condition to the fam-
ily allowance shall be $15.
"(b) If an enlisted man is making a com-
pulsory allotment for class A the additional al-
lotment for class B required as a condition to
the family allowance shall be $5, or if a wom-
an is making an allotment of 815 for a de-
pendent husband or child the additional allot-
ment for the other members of class B re-
quired as a condition to the family allowance
shall be 85."
Sec. 8. That section 210 of said act is here-
by amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 210. That upon receipt of any appli-
cation for family allowance, the commissioner
shall make all proper investigations and shall
make an award, on the basis of which award
the amount of the allotments to be made by
the man shall be certified to the war depart-
ment or navy department, as may be proper.
Whenever the commissioner shall have reason
to believe that an allowance has been Improp-
erly made or that the conditions have changed,
he shall investigate or reinvestigate and may
modify the award. The amount of each month-
ly allotment and allowance shall be determined
according to the family conditions existing on
the first day of the month."
Sec. 9. That sections 4, 6, 7 and 8 of this
act shall take effect on the 1st day of July,
1918.
Sec. 10. That section 300 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 300. That for death or disability re-
sulting from personal injury suffered or dis-
ease contracted in the line of duty, by any
commissioned officer or enlisted man or by any
member of the army nurse corps (female) or
of the navy nurse corps (female) when em-
ployed in the active service under the war de-
partment or navy department, the United States
shall pay compensation as hereinafter provid-
ed: but no compensation shall be- paid if the
injury or disease has been caused by his own
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
393
willful misconduct: Provided, That for the
purposes of this section said officer, enlisted
man or other member shall be held and taken
to have been in sound condition when exam-
ined, accepted and enrolled for service: Pro-
vided further. That this section, as amended,
. shall be deemed to become effective as of Oct.
6. 1917."
Sec. 11. That section 301 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 301. That if death results from in-
jury—
"If the deceased leaves a widow or child, or
if he leaves a mother or father either or both
dependent upon him for support, the monthly
compensation shall be the following' amounts:
"(a) If there is a widow but no child, $25;
"(b) If there is a widow and one child, $35;
"(c) If there is a widow and two children,
$42.50, with $5 for each additional child up
to two;
"(d) If there is no widow, but one child,
$20;
"(e) If there is no widow, but two chil-
dren, $30;
"(f) If there is no widow, but three chil-
dren, $40, with $5 for each additional child
up to two;
"(g) If there is a dependent mother (or de-
pendent father), $20, or both. $30. The
amount payable under this subdivision shall
not exceed the difference between the total
amount payable to the widow and children
and the sum of $75. This compensation shall
be payable for the death of but one child,
and no compensation for the death of a child
shall be payable if the dependent mother is
in receipt of compensation under the pro-
visions of this article for the death of her
husband. Such compensation shall be payable
whether the dependency of the father or
mother or both arises before or after the
death of the person, but no compensation
shall be payable if the dependency arises more
than five years after the death of the person.
"If the death occurs before discharge or
resignation from service, the United States
shall pay for burial expenses and the return
of the body to his home a sum not to exceea
$100, as may be fixed by regulations.
"The payment of compensation to a widow
shall continue until her death or remarriage.
"The payment of compensation to or for a
child shall continue until such child reaches
the age of 18 years or marries, or if
such child be incapable, because of insanity,
idiocy or being otherwise permanently help-
less, then during such incapacity.
"Whenever the compensation payable to or
for the benefit of any person under the pro-
visions of this section is terminated by the
happening- of the contingency upon which it
is limited, the compensation thereafter for the
remaining beneficiary or beneficiaries, if any,
shall be the amount which would have been
payable to them if they had been the sole
original beneficiaries.
"As between the widow and the children
not in her custody, and as between children,
the amount of the compensation shall be ap-
portioned as may be prescribed by regulation.
"The term 'widow' as used in this section
shall not include one who shall have married
the deceased later than ten years after the
time of injury, and shall include a widower,
whenever his condition is such that, if the
deceased person were living, he would have
been dependent upon her for support."
Sec. 12. That subdivision (1) of section 302
of said act is hereby amended to read as
follows :
"(1) If and while the disability is total,
the monthly compensation shall be the fol-
lowing1 amounts:
"(a) If the disabled person has neither wife
nor child living, $30;
"(b) If he has a wife but no child living-,
"(c) If he has a wife and one child living,
$55;
"(d) If he has a wife and two children liv-
ing, $65;
"(e) If he has a wife and three or more
children living, $75;
"(f) If he has no wife but" one child liv-
ing, $40, with $10 for each additional chiid
up to two;
"(g) If he has a mother or father, either
or both dependent on him for support, then
in addition to the above amounts, $10 for
each;
"(.h) If he is totally disabled and in addi-
tion so helpless as to be in constant need of
a nurse or attendant, such additional sum
shall be paid, but not exceeding $20 per
month, as the director may deem reasonable:
Provided, however. That for the loss of both
feet or both hands or both eyes or for be-
coming totally blind or becoming helpless and
permanently bedridden from causes occurring
in the line of duty in the service of the
United States, the rate of compensation shall
be $100 per month: Provided further. That
where the rate of compensation is $100 per
month, no allowance shall be made for a nurse
or attendant."
Sec. 13. That subdivision (4) of section 302
of said act is hereby amended to read as fol-
lows: ,
"(4) The amount of each monthly payment
shall be determined according to the family
conditions existing on the first day of the
month."
Sec. 14. That two new subdivisions are
hereby added to section 302 of said act, to
be known as subdivisions (5) and (6), re-
spectively, and to read as follows:
"(5) Where the disabled person and his
wife are not living together, or where the
children are not in the custody of the dis-
abled person, the amount of the compensation
shall be apportioned as may be prescribed by
regulations.
"(6) The term 'wife' as used in this sec-
tion shall include 'husband' if the husband is
dependent upon the wife for support."
Sec. 15. That where section 301 of said
act is amended by striking out the provisions
that a mother is entitled to compensation only
when she is widowed and substitute provisions
are included to the effect that compensation
is payable to a dependent mother or depend-
ent father, such substitute provisions shall
be deemed to be in effect as of Oct. 6, 1917.
Sec. 16. That section 311 of said act is
hereby repealed.
Sec. 17. That section 312 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 312. That compensation under this
article shall not be paid while the person is
in receipt of service or retirement pay. The
laws providing for gratuities or payments in
the event of death in the service and existing
pension laws shall not be applicable after the
enactment of this amendment to any person
in the active military or naval service on the
sixth day of October, 1917. or who there-
after entered the active military or naval
service, or to their widows, children, or their
dependents, except in so far as rights under
any such law have heretofore accrued.
"Compensation because of disability or
death of members of the army nurse corps
(female) or of the navy nurse corps (female)
shall be in lieu of any compensation for such
disability or death under the act entitled 'An
act to provide compensation for employes of
the United States suffering injuries while in
the performance of their duties, and for other
purposes,' approved Sept. 7, 1916."
Sec. 18. That section 313 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 313. (1) That if an injury or death
for which compensation is payable under this
394
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
article is caused under circumstances creating
a legal liability upon some person other than
the United States or the enemy to pay dam-
ages therefor, the director, as a condition to
payment of compensation by the United States,
may require the beneficiary to assign to the
United States any right of action he may have
to enforce such liability of such other person,
or, if it appears to be for the best interests of
the beneficiary, the director may require him
to prosecute the said action in his own name,
subject to regulations. The director may re-
quire such assignment or prosecution at any
time after the injury or death and the fail-
ure on the part of the beneficiary to so as-
sign or to prosecute said cause of action in
his own name within a reasonable time, to
be fixed by the director, shall bar any right
to compensation on account of the same in-
jury or death. The cause of action so as-
signed to the United States may be prosecuted
or compromised by the director, and any
money realized or collected thereon, less the
reasonable expenses of such realization or col-
lection, shall be placed to the credit of the
military and naval compensation appropria-
tion. If the amount placed to the credit of
such appropriation in such case is in excess
of the amount of the award of compensation,
if any, such excess shall be paid to the bene-
ficiary after any compensation award for the
same injury or death is made.
"If a beneficiary or conditional beneficiary
shall have recovered, as a result of a suit
brought by him or on his behalf, or as a re-
sult of a settlement made by him or on
his behalf, any money or other property in
satisfaction of the liability of such other
person, such money or other property so
recovered shall be credited upon any com-
pensation payable or which may become
payable to such beneficiary or conditional
beneficiary by the United States on account
of the same injury or death.
"(2) If an injury or death for which com-
pensation may be payable under this article
is caused under circumstances creating a legal
liability upon some person, other than the
United States or the enemy, to pay damages
therefor, then, in order to preserve the right
of action, the director may require the con-
ditional beneficiary at any time after the in-
jury or death, to assign such right of action
to the United States, or, if it appears to be
for the best interests of such conditional bene-
ficiary, to prosecute the said cause of action
in his own name, subject to regulations. The
failure on the part of the beneficiary to so
assign or to prosecute the said cause of action
in his own name within a reasonable time,
to be fixed by the director, shall bar any
right to compensation on account of the same
injury or death. The cause of action so as-
signed 'may be prosecuted or compromised by
the director, and any money realized or col-
lected thereon, less the reasonable expenses
of such realization or collection, shall be paid
to such beneficiary, and be credited upon any
future compensation which may become pay-
able to such beneficiary by the United States
on account of the same injury or death.
"(3) The bureau shall make all necessary
regulations for carrying out the purposes of
this section. For the purposes of computation
only under this section the total amount of
compensation due any beneficiary shall be
deemed to be equivalent to a lump sum equal
to the present value of all future payments of
compensation computed as of the date of the
award of compensation at 4 per centum, true
discount, compounded annually. The prob-
ability of the beneficiary's death before the
expiration of the period during which he is
entitled to compensation shall be determined
according to the American Experience Table
of Mortality.
"A conditional beneficiary is any person who
may become entitled to compensation under
this article on or after the death of the in-
jured person. ,
"Nothing in this section shall be construed
to impose any administrative duties upon the
war or navy departments."
Sec. 19. That section 401 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 401. That such insurance must be
applied for within 120 days after enlistment
or after entrance into or employment in the
active service and before discharge or resigna-
tion, except that those persons who are in the
active war service at the time of the publica-
tion of the terms and conditions of such con-
tract of insurance may apply at any time
within 120 days thereafter and while in such
service. Any person in the active service on
or after the sixth day of April, 1917, who,
while in such service and before the expira-
tion of 120 days from and after such pub-
lication, becomes or has become totally and
permanently disabled, or dies, or has died,
without having applied for insurance, shall be
deemed to have applied for and to have been
granted insurance, payable to such person dur-
ing his life in monthly installments of 825
each. If he shall die either before he shall
have received any of such monthly install-
ments or before he shall have received 240 of
such monthly installments, then $25 per
month shall be paid to his widow from the
time of his death and during her widowhood,
or if there is no widow surviving him, then
to his child or children, or if there is no
child surviving him, then to his mother, or
if there is no mother surviving him, then to
his father, if and while they survive him :
Provided, however. That not more than 240
of such monthly installments, including those
received by such person during his total and per-
manent disability, shall be so paid. The amount
of the monthly installments shall be appor-
tioned between children as may be provided by
regulations."
Sec. 20. That section 19 of this act
amending section 401 of the act entitled "An
act to authorize the establishment of a bureau
of war-risk insurance in the treasury depart-
ment," approved Sept. 2, 1914, as amended,
shall be deemed to be in effect as of Oct. 6,
1917: Provided, That nothing herein shall
be construed to interfere with the payment
of monthly installments, authorized to be
made under the provisions of said section
401 as priginally enacted, for the months up
to and including June, 1918: Provided fur-
ther. That all awards of automatic insurance
under the provisions of said section 401 as
originally enacted shall be revised as of the
first day of July, 1918, in accordance with,
the provisions of said section 401 as amend-
ed by section 19 of this act.
Sec. 21. That section 402 of said act is
hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 402. That the director, subject to
the general direction of the secretary of the
treasury, shall promptly determine upon and
publish the full and exact terms and condi-
tions of such contract of insurance. The in-
surance shall be payable only to a spouse,
child, grandchild, parent, brother, or sister,
and also during total and permanent disabil-
ity to the injured person or to any or all of
them. The insurance shall be payable in 240
equal monthly installments. Provisions for
maturity at certain ages, for continuous in-
stallments during the life of the insured or
beneficiaries, or both, for cash, loan, paid up
and extended values, dividends from gains
and savings, and such other provisions for
the rroteetion and advantage of and for al-
ternative benefits to the insured and the bene-
ficiaries as may be found to be reasonable
and practicable, may be provided for in the
contract of insurance, or from time to time
by regulations. All calculations shall be
based upon the American Experience Table
of Mortality and interest at 3^s per centum
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
395-
per annum, except that no deduction shall be
made for continuous installments during- the
life of the insured in case his total and per-
manent disability continues more than 240
months. Subject to regulations, the insured
shall at all times have the right to change
the beneficiary or beneficiaries of such insur-
ance without the consent of such beneficiary
or beneficiaries, but only within the classes
herein provided. If no beneficiary within
the permitted class be designated by the in-
sured, either in his lifetime or by his last
will and testament, or if the designated bene-
ficiary does not survive the insured, the in-
surance shall be payable to such person or
persons within the permitted class of bene-
ficiaries as would under the laws of the state
of the residence of the insured be entitled to
his personal property in case of intestacy. If
no such person survive the insured, then
there shall be paid to the estate of the in-
eured an amount equal to the reserve value,
if any, of the insurance at the time of his
death, calculated on the basis of the Amer-
ican Experience Table of Mortality and 3]/2
per centum interest in full of all obligations
under the contract of insurance." (Approved
June 25, 1918.)
Marine and Seamen's Insurance.
Be it enacted, etc.. That the war-risk insur-
ance act is hereby amended by adding- a new
section to be known as section 2b, to read:
"Sec. 2b. That when it appears to the secre-
tary of the treasury that vessels of foreign
friendly flags, or their masters, officers or
crews, or shippers or importers in such vessels,
are unable in any trade to secure adequate
war-risk insurance on reasonable terms, the
bureau of war-risk insurance, with the ap-
proval of the secretary, is hereby authorized
to make provisions for the insurance by the
United States of (1) such vessels of foreign
friendly flags, their freight and passage
moneys, and personal effects of the masters,
officers and crews thereof against the risks
of war when such -vessels are chartered o'-
operated by the United States shipping board
or its agent, or chartered by any person a
citizen of the .United States, and (2) the
cargoes to be shipped in such vessels of for-
eign friendly flag's, whether or not they are
so chartered. Such insurance on the vessel,
however, is authorized only when the United
States shipping board or its agent operates the
vessel or the charterers are. by the terms of
the charter party or contract with the vessel
owners, required to assume the war risk or
provide insurance protecting the vessel owners
against war risk during the term of the char-
ter or hire of the vessel.
"The bureau of war-risk insurance, with the
apprbval of the secretary of the treasury, is
also hereby authorized to insure the masters,
officers and crews of vessels operated or char-
tered as aforesaid against the loss of life or
personal injury by the risk of war and for
compensation during the detention following
capture by enemies of the United States,
whenever it appears to the secretary that
the owners, operators or charterers of such
vessels are unable, in any trade, to secure
such insurance on reasonable terms."
Sec. 2. That section 5 of the war-risk insur-
ance act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 5. That the secretary of the treasury
is authorized to establish an advisory board, to
consist of three members skilled in the prac-
tices of war-risk insurance, for the purpose 9f
assisting the bureau of war-risk insurance in
fixing rates of premium and in adjustment of
claims for losses and generally in carrying out
the purposes of this act: the compensation of
the members of said board to be determined by
the secretary of the treasury, but not to exceed
$20 a day each while actually employed. He
is likewise authorized to appoint two persons
skilled in the practice of accident insurance for
Cae purpose of assisting the bureau of war-risk
insurance in the adjustment of claims for
death, personal injury or detention; the com-
pensation of persons so appointed to be deter-
mined by the secretary of the treasury, but not
to exceed $20 a day each while actually em-
ployed. In the event of disagreement as to the
claim for losses or amount thereof , between the
said bureau and the parties to such contract of
insurance, an action on the claim may be
brought against the United States in the Dis-
trict court of the United States, sitting- in ad-
miralty, in the district in which the claimant
orchis agents may reside. The secretary of the
treasury is, in his judgment, authorized to com-
promise the claim either before or after the in-
stitution of an action therein."
Sec. 3. That section 9 of the war-risk insur-
ance act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 9. That the president is authorized
whenever in his judgment the necessity of fur-
ther war insurance by the United States shall
have ceased to exist to suspend the operation
of this act, in so far as the division of marine-
and seamen's insurance is concerned, which sus-
pension shall be made in any event within six.
months after the end of the war, but shall not.
affect any insurance outstanding at the time or-
any claims pending adjustment. For the pur-
pose of the final adjustment of any such out-
standing insurance or claims, the division of
marine and seamen's insurance may, in the dis-
cretion of the president, be continued in exist-
ence for a period not exceeding: three years,
after such suspension.
"The words 'end of the war' as used herein
shall be deemed to mean the date of proc-
lamation of exchange of ratification of the-
treaty of peace, unless the president shall, by
proclamation, declare a prior date, in which
case the date so proclaimed shall be deemed to<
be the 'end of the war' within the meaning of
this act." Approved July 11, 1918.
LIBERTY LOAN TAX EXEMPTION.
Be it enacted, etc., that until the expiration
of two years after the date of the termination
of the war between the United States and the
imperial German government, as fixed 'by proc-
lamation of the president —
(1) The interest on an amount of bonds of
the fourth liberty loan the principal of which
does not exceed $30,000, owned by any indi-
vidual, partnership, association or corporation,
shall be exempt from graduated additional in-
come taxes, commonly known as surtaxes and.
excess profits and war-profits taxes, now or
hereafter imposed by the United States, upon,
the income or profits of individuals, partner-
ships, associations or corporations:
(2) The interest received after Jan. 1, 1918,
on an amount of bonds of the first liberty loan:
converted, dated either Nov. 15, 1917, or May
9, 1918, the second liberty loan, converted and
unconverted, and the third liberty loan, the-
principal of which does not exceed $45,000 in
the aggregate, owned by any individual, part-
nership, association or corporation, shall be ex-
empt from such taxes: Provided, however.
That no owner of such bonds shall be entitled
to such ex.emptipn in respect to the interest on
an aggregate principal amount of such bonds:
exceeding one and one-half times the principal
amount of bonds of the fourth liberty loan
originally subscribed for by such owner and:
still owned by him at the date of his tax re-
turn : and
(3) The interest on an amount of bonds,
the principal of which does not execeed $30.-
000, owned by any individual, partnership, as-
sociation or corporation. Issued upon conver-
sion of 3% per centum bonds of the first lib-
erty loan in the exercise of any privilege aris-
ing as a consequence of the issue of bonds of
the fourth liberty loan, shall be exempt from
such taxes.
The exemptions provided in this section shall
be in addition to the exemption provided in,
section 7 of the second liberty bond act in re-
spect to the interest on an amount of bonds-
396
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and certificates, authorized by such act and
amendments thereto, the principal of which
does hot exceed in the aggregate $5,000, and
in addition to all other exemptions provided in
the second liberty bond act.
•Sec. 2. That section 6 of the second liberty
bond act is hereby amended by striking: out the
figures "$2,000,000,000," and inserting: in lieu
thereof the figures "$4, 000,000,000." Such
section is further amended by striking- out the
words "The amount of war savings certificates
sold to any one person at any one time shall not
exceed $100. and it shall not be lawful for any
one person at any one time to hold war savings
certificates to an aggregate amount exceeding
$1,000," and inserting in lieu thereof the words
"It shall not be lawful for any one person at
any one time to hold war savings certificates
of any one series to an aggregate amount ex-
ceeding $1,000."
Sec. 3. That the provisions of section 8 of
the second liberty bond act, as amended by the
third liberty bond act, shall apply to the pro-
ceeds arising- from the payment oi war-profits
taxes as well as income and excess-profits
taxes.
Sec. 4. That the secretary of the treasury
may. during the war and for two years after
its termination, make arrangements in or with
foreign countries to stabilize the foreign ex-
changes and to obtain foreign currencies and
credits in such currencies, and he may use any
such credits and foreign currencies for the pur-
pose of stabilizing or rectifying the foreign ex-
changes, and he may designate depositaries in
foreign countries -with which may 'be deposited
as he may determine all or any part of the
avails of any foreign credits or foreign curren-
cies.
Sec. 5. That subdivision (b) of section 5 of
the trading with the enemy act be. and hereby
is. amended to read as follows:
"(b) That the president may investigate,
regulate or prohibit, under such rules and reg-
ulations as he may prescribe, by means of
licenses or otherwise, any transaction in for-
eign exchange and the export, hoarding-, melt-
ing or earmarkings of gold or silver coin or
bullion or currency, transfers of credit in any
form (other than credits relating solely to
transactions to be executed wholly within the
United States), and transfers of evidences of in-
debtedness or of the ownership of property be-
tween the United States and any foreign coun-
try, whether enemy, ally of enemy or other
wise, or between residents of one or more for-
eign countries, by any person within the
United States; and. for the purpose of strength-
ening, sustaining and broadening- the market
for bonds and certificates of indebtedness of
the United States, of preventing frauds upon
the holders thereof and of protecting such
holders, he may investigate and regulate, by
means of licenses or otherwise (until the
expiration of two years after the date of
the termination of the present war with
the imperial German government, as fixed
by his proclamation), any transactions in
such bonds or certificates by or between any
person or persons: Provided, That nothing
contained in this subdivision (b) shall be con-
strued to confer any power to prohibit the
purchase or sale for cash, or for note eligible
for discount at any federal reserve bank, of
bonds or certificates of indebtedness of the
United States, and he may require any person
engaged in any transaction referred to in this
subdivision to furnish, under oath, complete in-
formation relative thereto, including the pro-
duction of any books of account, contracts,
letters or other papers, in connection therewith
in the custody or control of such person, either
before or after such transaction is completed."
•Sec. 6. That section 5200 of the revised
statutes, as amended, be, -and hereby is. amend-
ed to read as follows:
"Sec. 5200. The total liabilities of any asso-
ciation, of any person or of any company, cor-
poration or firm for money borrowed, includ-
ing in the liabilities of a company or firm the
liabilities oi the several members thereof, shall
at no time exceed 10 per centum of the amount
of the capital sto^k oi such association, actu-
ally paid in and unimpaired, and 10 per centum
of its unimpaired surplus lund: Provided, how-
ever. That (1) the discount of bills of ex-
changs drawn in good faith against actually ex-
isting values, (2) the discount of commercial
or business paper actually owned by the per-
son, company, corporation or firm negotiating
the same, and (3) the purchase or discount of
any note or notes secured by not less than a
like face amount of bonds of the United States;
issued since April 24, 1917, or certificates of
indebtedness of the United States, shall not be
considered as money borrowed within the mean-
ing of this section, but the total liabilities to
any association, of any person or of any com-
pany, corporation or firm, upon any note or
notes purchased or discounted by such associa-
tion and secured by such bonds or certificates
of indebtedness, shall not exceed (except to the
extent permitted by rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the comptroller of the currency, with
the approval of the secretary of the treasury)
10 per centum of such capital stock and sur-
plus fund of such association."
Sec. 7. That the short title of this act shall
be "Supplement to second liberty bond act."
Approved Sept. 24, 1918.
AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION CORPORATION.
It is provided in the army appropriation
bill approved July 9, 1918, that the directpr
pf aircraft production may, whenever in his
judgment it will facilitate and expedite the
production of aircraft, aircraft equipment or
materials therefor, for the United States and
governments allied with it in the prosecution
of the present war, form under the laws of
the District of Columbia or under the laws
of any state one or more corporations for
the purchase, production, manufacture and
sale of aircraft, aircraft equipment, or ma-
terials therefor, and to build, own and oper-
ate railroads in connection therewith. The
total capital stock of the corporation or cor-
porations so formed, together with any bonds,
notes, debentures or other securities issued by
them shall not at any one time exceed $100,-
000,000.
The director of aircraft production may, for
and on behalf of the United States, subscribe,
purchase and vote not less than a majority
of the voting capital stock of any such cor-
poration, and may purchase for and on be-
half of the United States all or any part of
the preferred nonvoting stock, bonds, notes,
debentures or other securities issued by such
corporations, and do all things necessary to
protect the interest of the United States;- and,
with the approval of the secretary of war,
may sell any or all of the stock, bonds, notes
debentures or other securities of the United
States in such corporation : Provided, That
at no time shall the United States be a
minority holder of voting stock therein. Any
sums heretofore or hereafter appropriated for
the purchase or procurement of aircraft, air-
craft equipment, or materials therefor, for the
army shall be available for the purchase of
the capital stock of such corporation or cor-
porations or their bonds, notes, debentures or
other securities.
Within one year from the signing of a
treaty of peace with the imperial German
government the director of aircraft production
shall, on behalf of the United States as a
stockholder, institute such proceedings as are
necessary to dissolve such corporation or cor-
porations under the laws of the District of
Columbia or the state or states under which
such corporation or corporations are organized.
Upon the dissolution of the corporation or
corporations the same shall be liquidated and
the assets distributed in accordance with the
laws of the District of Columbia or the state
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
397
or states under which such corporation or
corporations are organized.
The secretary of war is hereby authorized
to assign for duty, under the direction of the
director of aircraft production, any enlisted
rnen or commissioned officers, from time to
time, in the military organization as he shall
deem necessary or desirable to carry on the
work of such corporation or corporations: Pro-
vided, That nothing1 in this chapter shall pre-
vent such cprporation or corporations from em-
ploying civilians in the manner customary in
the conduct of ordinary business under corpo-
rate organization.
The secretary of war, acting through the
director of aircraft production, is authorized
to transfer, by appropriate instruments, to
any such corporation as may be formed under
this chapter, any interest of the United States
in any existing contracts for aircraft, aircraft
equipment or materials therefor, and the title
to any lands, plants, railroads or equipment
used in or in connection with the production
of aircraft, aircraft equipment or materials
therefor, on such terms as the secretary of
war, acting through the director of aircaft
production, shall deem fit.
MEDALS AND DECORATIONS.
In the army appropriation act approved July
9, 1918, it is provided: That the provisions
of existing law relating to the award of med-
als of honor to officers, noncommissioned offi-
cers and privates of the army be, and they
hereby are, amended so that the president is
authorized to present, in the name of the con-
gress, a medal of honor only to each person
who, while an officer OT enlisted man of the
army, shall hereafter, in action involving ac-
tual conflict with an ensmy, distinguish him-
self conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity
at the risk of his life above and beyond the
call of duty.
That the president be, and he is hereby, fur-
ther authorized to present, but not in the
name of the congress, a distinguished service
cross of appropriate design and a ribbon, to-
gether with a rosette or other device, to be
worn in lieu thereof, to any person who, while
serving in any capacity with the army of the
United States since the 6th day of April, 1917,
has distinguished, or who shall hereafter dis-
tinguish, himself or herself by extraordinary
heroism in connection with military operations
against an armed enemy.
That the president be, and he is hereby, fur-
ther authorized to present, but not in the
name of congress, a distinguished service med-
al of appropriate design and a ribbon, to-
gether with a rosette or other device, to be
worn in lieu thereof, to any person who, while
serving in any capacity with the army of the
United States sin^e the 6th day of April, 1917,
has distinguished, or who hereafter shall dis-
tinguish, himself or herself by exceptionally
meritorious service to the government in a
duty of great responsibility, and said distin-
guished service medal shall also be issued to
all enlisted men of the army to whom the cer-
tificate of merit has been granted up to and
including the date of the passage of this act
under the provisions of previously existing
law, in lieu of such certificate of merit, and
after the passage of this act the award of
the certificate of merit for distinguished serv-
ice shall cease, and additional pay heretofore
authorized by law for holders of the certificate
of merit shall not be paid to them beyond the
date of the award of the distinguished service
medal in lieu thereof as aforesaid.
That each enlisted man of the army to
whom there has been or shall be awarded a
medal of honor, a distinguished service cross
or a distinguished service medal shall, for each
such award, be entitled to additional pay at
the rate of $2 per month from the date of the
distinguished act or service on which the
award is based, and each bar or other suit-
able device, in lieu of a medal of honor, a dis-
tinguished service cross or a distinguished
service medal, as hereinafter provided for,
shall entitle him to further additional pay at
the rate of $2 per month from the date of the
distinguished act or service for which the bar
is awarded, and said additional pay shall con-
tinue throughout his active service, whether
such service shall or shall not be continuous;
but when the award is in lieu of the certifi-
cate of merit, as provided for in section 3
hereof, the additional pay shall begin with the
date of the award.
That no more than one medal of honor or
one distinguished service cross or one distin-
guished service medal shall be issued to any
one person: but for each succeeding deed or
act sufficient to justify the award of a medal
of honor or a distinguished service cross 'or a
distinguished service medJl, respectively, the
president may award a suitable bar, or other
suitable device, to be worn as he shall direct,
and for each other eitatipn of an officer or en-
listed man for gallantry in action published in
orders issued from the headquarters of a force
commanded by a general officer he shall be en-
titled to wear, as the president shall direct, a
silver star three-sixteenths of an inch in diam-
eter.
That the secretary of war be, and he is
hereby, authorized to expend from the appro-
priations for contingent expenses of his de-
partment from time to time so much as may
be necessary to defray the cost of the medals
of honor, distinguished service crosses, distin-
guished service medals, bars, rosettes and oth-
er devices hereinbefore provided for.
That whenever a medal, cross, bar. ribbon,
rosette or other device presented under the
provisions of this act shall have been lost, de-
stroyed or rendered unfit for use, without
fault or neglect on the part of the person to
whom it was awarded, such medal, cross, bar,
ribbon, rosette or device shall be replaced
without charge therefor.
That, except as otherwise prescribed herein,
no medals of honor, distinguished service
cross, distinguished service medal or bar or
other suitable device in lieu of either of said
medals or of said cross, shall be issued to any
person after more than three years from the
date of the act justifying the award thereof,
nor unless a specific statement or report dis-
tinctly setting forth the distinguished service
and suggesting or recommending official recog-
nition thereof shall have been made at the
time of the distinguished service or within
two years thereafter, nor unless it shall appear
from official records in the war department
that such person has so distinguished himself
as to entitle him thereto: but in case an indi-
vidual who shall distinguish himself dies be-
fore the making of the award to which he
may be entitled, the award may nevertheless
be made and the medal or cross or the bar or
other emblem or device presented, within ihree
years from the date of the act justifying the
award thereof, to such representative of the
deceased as the president may designate: but
no medal, cross, bar or other device herein-
before authorized shall be awarded or pre-
sented to any individual whose entire service
subsequent to the time he distinguished him-
self shall not have been honorable: but in
cases of officers and enlisted men now in the
army for whom the award of the medal of
honor has been recommended in full compli-
ance with then existing regulations, but on
account of services which, though insufficient
fully to justify the award of the medal of
honor, appear to have been such as to justify
the award of the distinguished service cross or
distinguished service medal hereinbefore pro-
vided for, such cases may be considered and
acted upon under the provisions of this act
authorizing the award of the distinguished
service cross and distinguished service medal,
notwithstanding- that said services may have
been rendered more than three years before
said cases shall have been considered as au-
thorized by this act, but all consideration of
•398
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and action upon any of said cases shall be
.based exclusively upon official records now on
file in the war department, and in the cases
of officers and enlisted men now in the army
who have been mentioned in orders now a
part of official records, for extraordinary her-
oism or especially meritorious services, such
.as to justify the award of the distinguished
service cross or the distinguished service medal
hereinbefore provided for, such cases may be
considered and acted on under the provisions
of this act. notwithstanding1 that said act or
services may have been rendered more than
three years before said cases shall have been
considered as authorized by this act, but all
consideration of and action upon any said
cases shall be based exclusively upon official
records of the war department.
That the president be, and he is hereby, au-
thorized' to delegate, under such conditions,
regulations and limitations as he shall pre-
scribe, to the commanding general of a sep-
arate army or higher unit in the field, the
power conferred upon him by this act to
award the medal of honor, the distinguished
service cross and the distinguished service
medal, and he is further authorized to make
from time to time any and all rules, regula-
tions and orders which he shall deem neces-
sary to carry into effect the provisions of this
act and to execute the full purpose and inten-
tion thereof.
Foreian Decorations.
That American citizens who have received
since Aug. 1, 1914, decorations or medals lor
distinguished service in the armies or in con-
nection with the field service of those nations
engaged in war against the imperial German
jrovernment. shall, on entering the military
service of the United States, be permitted to
wear such medals or decorations.
That any and all members ol the military
forces of the United States serving in the pres-
ent war be, and they are hereby, permitted
and authorized to accept during the present
war or within one year thereafter, from the
.government of any of the countries engaged in
war with any country with which the United
States is or shall be concurrently likewise en-
gaged in war, such decorations, when tendered,
as are conferred by such government upon the
members of its own military forces, and the
consent of congress required therefor by clause
8 of section 9 of article I. of the constitution
is hereby expressly granted: Provided, That
any officer or enlisted man of the military
forces of the United States is hereby author-
ized to accept and wear any medal or decora-
tion heretofore bestowed by the government of
any of the nations concurrently engaged with
the United States in the present war.
The president is authorized, under regula-
tions to be prescribed by him. to confer such
medals and decorations as may be authorized ,
in the military service of the United States i
upon officers and enlisted men of the military
forces of the countries concurrently engaged
with the United States in the present war.
MEDAL FOR NATIONAL GUARDSMEN.
That the secretary of war be, and he is
hereby, authorized and directed to procure a
bronze medal, with suitable device and rib-
bon, to be presented to each of the several of-
ficers and enlisted men, and families of such
as may be dead, c\f the national guard who,
under the orders of the president of the United
States, served not less than ninety days in the
war" with Spain, and who have received an
honorable discharge from the service, 'and who
served on the Mexican border in the years
1916 and 1917 and who are not eligible to
receive the Mexican service badge heretofore
authorized by the president: Provided, That
such medals shall not be issued to men who
have, subsequent to such service, been dis-
honorably discharged from the service or de-
serted.
INCREASE OF NAVAL PERSONNEL.
In the naval appropriation act approved it
is provided; The authorized enlisted strength
of the active list of the navy is temporarily
increased from 135,485 to 181,485; the num-
ber of apprentice seamen is increased from
6,000 to 24,000, and the number of men in
the flying corps is increased from 350 to
10,000. The president is authorized at any
time during: the present war to incease the
enlisted strength of the navy by the addition
of 50,000 men.
The enlisted strength of the marine corps is
increased from 17,400 to 75,500. The rank
of first class private is created. The rank and
title of major-general is created in the ma-
rine corps. The act provides for the tem-
porary appointment of additional brigadier-
generals and other officers in the marine corps
necessitated by the increase in the number of
enlisted men.
INCREASE OF THE ARMY.
In the army appropriation bill approved
July 9, 1918, it is provided: The authority
conferred upon the president by the act ap-
proved May 18, 1917, entitled "An act to au-
thorize the president to increase temporarily
the military establishment of the United
States," is extended so as to authorize him dur-
ing each fiscal year to raise by draft as pro-
vided in that act and acts amendatory thereof
the maximum number of men which may be
organized, equipped, trained and used during
such year for the prosecution of the present
war until the same shall have been brought
to a successful conclusion.
SLAVIC LEGION.
In the army appropriation act approved July
9, 1918, it is provided: That, under such reg-
ulations as the president may prescribe, a
force of volunteer troops in such unit or units
as he may direct may be raised to be com-
posed of Jugo Slavs, Czecho-Slovaks and
Ruthenians (Ukranians) belonging to the op-
pressed races of the Austro-Hungarian or Ger-
man empire resident in the United States but
not citizens thereof nor subject to the draft.
Such force shall be known as the Slavic legion
or by such other description as the president
may prescribe. No man shall be enlisted in
it until he has furnished satisfactory evidence
that he will faithfully and loyally serve the
cause of the United States and that he de-
sires to fight the imperial governments of
Germany and Austria-Hungary and the allies
thereof. The force so raised and duly sworn
into the service may be equipped, maintained
and trained with our own troops or sepa-
rately as the president may direct and there-
after may be transported to such field of ac-
tion as the president may direct to be used
against the common enemy in connection with
our own troops or with those of any nation as-
sociated with the United States in the present
war; and the several items of expense involved
in the equipment, maintenance, training and
transportation of such force may be paid from
the respective appropriations herein made or
from any subsequent appropriations for the
same: Provided. That American citizens of
Austrian or German birth, or who were born
in alien enemy territory, who have passed
the necessary examination and whose loyalty
is unquestioned, may, in the discretion of the
eommander-in-ehief of the army and navy,
be commissioned in the United States army or
navy.
WAR APPROPRIATIONS.
Following is a summary of the appropria-
tions made at the second session of the 65th
congress for meeting >var expenditures. Only
the more important items are included.
Army.
In the army appropriation bill approved July
9. 1918:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
399
Military information section, general staff
corps, 8:3,000,000.
Telegraph and telephone systems, signal serv-
ice, $105,946,054.77.
Aerial appliances and instruction, $884,304,758.
Army registration expenses, $15,702,000.
Pay of officers of the line, $201,654,279.
For length of service, $3,500,000.
Pay of enlisted men of 'the line, $776,458,-
721.04.
For length of service. $8,520,000.
Pay of enlisted men in ordnance service, $26,-
111,095.56.
Pay of enlisted" men in auartermaster corps.
$76,978.205.70.
Pay of enlisted men in signal corps, $72,779,-
501.85.
Pay of enlisted men in medical department,
$74,876,475.85.
Pay of officers — General staff corps, $730,908.
Adjutant general's department. $2,095.578.
Inspector-general's department, $619,884.
Corps of engineers. $837.306.
Ordnance department, $16,743,807.
Quartermaster corps, $17,539,479.
Medical department, $54,223,659.
Judge-advocate general's department, $837,-
306.
Signal corps, $39.716.523.
Commutation of quarters, '$33,350.000.
Increase of pay lor foreign service, officers,
$24,683,808.73.
Increase of pay for foreign service, enlisted
men, $89.806,752.
Subsistence of the army, $830,557.398.
Regular supplies, quartermaster corps, $552,-
868,390.
Incidental expenses, quartermaster corps, $35.-
000.000.
Transportation of_ army and its supplies,
$1,532.606.103?
Water and sewers at military posts, $70,569,-
605.
Clothing1 and camp and garrison equipage. $1.-
230,190,089.
Storage and shipping facilities, $147,000,000.
Horses for cavalry, engineers, artillery, etc.,
$70,000,000.
Barracks and quarters. $175,100,000.
Medical and hospital supplies. $267,408,948.
Ordnance service, $30.000,000.
Ordnance stores, ammunition, $390,000,000.
Small arms target practice, $75,200,000.
Manufacture of arms, $50,000.000.
Ordnance stores and supplies, $93,400.000.
Automatic machine rifles, $237.144,000.
Armored motor cars, $75,550,000.
Contract obligations for ordnance, $600,000,-
000.
Arming and training of national guard, $2.473,-
650.
Arms, uniforms, etc., for national guard, $3,-
210,000.
Ordnance equipment of home guards, $2,500,-
000.
Supplies for reserve officers' training corps.
$2,788.096.
Ordnance stores. $2,921,725.
Ordnance supplies for schools and colleges, $1,-
138,700.
In the urgent deficiency act approved March
28. 1918:
Additional employes war department, $3,000,-
000.
Armories and arsenals. $1,010,000.
Provost marshal general's office (draft ex-
penses), $8,476,490.
Quartermaster corps— Mileage, $5,000,000.
Regular supplies, $'2(3,358,176.
Transportation. $125,000,000.
•Storage and shipping facilities, $100,000,000.
Barracks and quarters. $61,252.744.
Water and sewers at military posts, $18,-
681.820.
Roads, wharves, walks and drainage, $9.194,-
100.
Construction and repair of hospitals. $19,-
654.300.
Shooting galleries and supplies. $984.000.
Military post exchanges. $550,000.
Engineer department, operations. $70,000.000.
Ordnance department — Ordnance stores, ammu-
nition, $107,732,000.
Small-arms target practice, $900,000.
Ordnance stores and supplies, $19,826,585.
Manufacture of arms, $27,996.100.
Terminal storage and shipping facilities, $5.-
000,000.
In the deficiency appropriation act approved
July 8, 1918:
Quartermaster corps— Storage and shipping fa-
cilities, $50.000.000.
Mileage, $2,750.000.
Incidental expenses, $20,500,000.
Clothing and camp and garrison equipage,
$712,232.605.
Regular supplies, $90,971,072.06.
Barracks and quarters, $27,767,860.32.
Construction and repair of hospitals, $13,-
936.554.66.
Civilian military training camps, $1,000,000.
Medical department, $33,000,000.
, Navy.
In naval appropriation bill .approved July 1.
1918 :
For miscellaneous pay, $4,350,000.
Aviation, $220.383,119.
Transportation, $12,000,000.
Outfits on first enlistment, $9,975.000.
Instruments and supplies. $3,469,800.
Camps of instruction, $2.655,360.
Ordnance and ordnance stores, $30,522,279.
Smokeless powder, $2.400.000.
New batteries. $85.014,110.
Ammunition, $73,289,530.
Torpedoes and appliances. $10,000,000.
Navy mine depot, $3.000,000.
Navy nitrate plant, $9,150,000.
Maintenance yards and docks, $10,500,000.
Hospital construction, $10,295,000.
Surgeons' necessaries, $5.000.000.
Pay. of the navy, $227,372,946.
Provisions. $75,520,216.
Clothing and small stores, $27,000,000.
Maintenance, bureau supplies. $17.836,625.
Fuel and transportation, $49.400,000.
Construction and repair, $60,000,000.
Bureau of steam engineering, $50.000,000.
Pay of marine corps, $50,135,874.14.
Provisions, marine corps, $15,053,500.
Clothing, marine corps, $32.470,480.
Stores, marine corps, $25,277,750.
Total for marine corps. $160,016,756.14.
For torpedo boat destroyers, $125,000.000.
For torpedo boats (submarines). $32,397,000.
Armor and armament. $20,000,000.
Ammunition, $7,000.000.
Total increase of navy, $184,397.000.
For materials, equipment, munitions, for the
purchase or construction of additional naval
craft, to be expended at the direction of
the president, $100,000.000.
Improving and equipping navy yards, $10,000,-
000.
In urgent deficiency appropriation act, ap-
proved March 28. 1918:
Bureau of navigation — Transportation, $2.000,-
000.
Outfits on first enlistment, $1,000,000.
Naval reserve force. $100,000.
Bureau of ordnance—Ordnance and stores, $10,-
000.000.
Naval gun factory, Washington, D. C., $5,-
499.737.
Batteries and outfits for vessels. $13,200,000.
Ammunition for vessels. $8.064.000.
Reserve ordnance supplies, $13.000,000.
Bureau of yards and docks — Maintenance, $2,-
500.000.
Contingent, $2,000.000.
Hospital construction. $2,750,000.
Power plants, $3.500,000.
Training camps. $12.000.000.
Ordnance stations, $2.500,000.
Marine corps — Pay. $0.000.000.
Clothing-. $2.750.000.
Contingent. $1,180.000.
In deficiency appropriation act, approved JulT
8, 1918:
400
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
General account of advances $268,289.60.
Maintenance yards and docks, $3,875,000.
Training- camps, $1,250,000.
Surgeons' necessaries, $2,000,000.
Fortifications.
In the act making: appropriations lor fortifi-
cations, approved July 8, 1918:
Aviation stations, $8,000,000.
Mountain, field and siege cannon, $500,000,000.
Ammunition, $2,000,000,000.
Ammunition for seacoast cannon, $3,885,000.
Ammunition, subcaliber guns, etc., seacoast
artillery. $1,700.000.
Mobile artillery, $200,000.000.
Ammunition, subcaliber guns, etc., mountain,
field and siege artillery, $84,000,000.
Proving grounds, $8,480,000.
Panama canal fortification, $2,025,788.85.
Miscellaneous.
The act making appropriations for the sun-
dry civil expenses of the government, approved
July 1, 1918, carried the important war appro-
priations:
For the national security and defense, to be
expended at the discretion of the president,
$50,000,000.
For _the coast guard (all purposes), $7,247,-
835.
Alien property custpdian, $900,000.
Committee on public information, $1,250.000.
Council of national defense, $400,000.
Food administration, $7,500,000.
Fuel adminstration. $3,500,000.
Shipping board, $800.000.
Expediting construction of ships, $65,000,000.
Construction of ships. $1,438,451,000.
Acquisition of shipbuilding- plants, $87,000,000.
Operation of ships, $.60,000,000.
For acquisition of land lor shipping board,
$75,000,000.
For transportation of shipyard employes, $20,-
000.000.
For the purchase of ships, $55,000,000.
For recruiting and training crews, $6,250,000.
War industries board, $1,150,000.
War trade board, $3,500,000.
Secretary of labor to assist in furnishing war
labor and in standardizing wages, $5.500,000.
Secretary of labor lor war labor administra-
tion, $1,335,000.
RECAPITULATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Sixty-fifth congress, second session.
Title of act. Total.
Agriculture $27,875,353.00
Army 12,083,811,113.91
Diplomatic and consular 7,937,376.66
District of Columbia 15,046,768.66
Fortifications 5,437,814,112.85
Title of act. Total.
Indian $11,021,910.00
Legislative, etc 69,937,863.25
Military academy 2.515,005.01
Naval 1,607,468,415.84
Pension 220,050,000.00
Postofflce 377,573.342.00
River and harbor. 23.854,600.00
Sundry civil 3,065,208,470.07
Total regular acts 22,950,109,331.25
Urgent deficiency, 1918 733,151,789.46
Additional urgent deficiency,
1918 90.700,022.63
Deficiency. 1918 1,015,406,732.34
First deficiency, 1919* 6,346,005,666.04
Total deficiency acts 8,185,264,210.46
Loans to our allies by the
. third and lourth liberty
bond acts 3,000,000,000.00
War Finance corporation and
capital issues committee 500,200,000.00
Federal operation of railroads. 500.000,000.00
Purchase of federal land
bank bonds 200.000.000.00
Vocational rehabilitation of
disabled soldiers and sailors 2,000,000.00
Combating Spanish influenza
and other communicable
diseases 1,000,000.00
Encouraging production and
regulation of ores, metals
and minerals 50,500,000.00
Encouraging production, etc.,
and distribution of food
products 11,212,283.00
Other miscellaneous appro-
riations ? 1.666,000.00
Total miscellaneous appro-
priations 4.266.578,283.00
Permanent annual and indefi-
nite appropriations, includ-
ing $588,049,168 interest
on the public debt; $153,
814,000 for the sinking
lund: $30,904,255.36 for
the preparation and issu-
ance ol loans; and $51,-
946,030, the necessary ap-
proximated amount to pay
the increased compensation
to government employes 896,453,398.36
Grand totalt 36,298,405,223.07
*As passed by the Ijouse. tlncludes $9.421,-
030,122 contract obligations to be met by lee.
WILSON-CHAMBERLAIN CONTROVERSY.
Senator George E. Chamberlain of Oregon,
chairman of senate military committee, in a
speech in New York city Jan. 19, 1918, made
this statement:
"The military establishment of America has
fallen down. There is no use to be optimistic
about a thing- that does not exist. It has al-
most stopped functioning, my friends. Why?
Because of inefficiency in every department of
the government of the United States. We are
trying to work it out. I speak not as a demo-
crat but as an American citizen."
PRESIDENT RESENTS CRITICISM.
Replying to this criticism President Wilson
issued the following. Jan. 21 :
"Senator Chamberlain's statement as to the
present inaction and ineffectiveness of the
government is an astonishing and absolutely
unjustifiable distortion of the truth. As a
matter ol fact, the war department has per-
formed a task of unparalleled magnitude and
difficulty with extraordinary promptness and
eflleiency.
"There have been delays and disappointments
and partial miscarriages of plans, all ol which
have been drawn into the foreground and ex-
aggerated by the investigations which have
been in progress since the cpngress assembled
— investigations which drew indispensable offi-
cials ol the department constantly away Irom
their work and officers Irom their commands
and contributed a great deal to such delay and
contusion as had inevitably arisen.
"But by comparison with what has been
accomplished, these things, much as they were
to be regretted, were insignificant, and no mis-
take has been made which has been repeated.
"Nothing helpful or likely to speed or facil-
itate the war tasks of the government has
come out of such criticism and investigation.
I understand that reorganizations by legisla-
tion are to be proposed — I have not been con-
sulted about them and have learned ol them
only at second hand — but their proposal came
after effective measures of reorganization had
been thoughtfully and maturely perfected, and
inasumuch as these measures have been the
result ol experience, they are much more
likely than nnv other to bR effective, if the
congress will but remove the lew statutory
obstacles ol rigid departmental organization
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
401
which stand in their way. The legislative pro-
posals I have heard of would involve long; ad-
ditional delays and turn our experience into
mere lost motion.
"My association and constant conference with
the secretary of war have taught me to regard
him as one of the ablest putilic officials I have
ever known. The country will soon learn
whether he or his critics understand the busi-
ness in hand.
"To add, as Senator Chamberlain did, that
there is inefficiency in every department and
bureau of the government is to show such ig-
norance of actual conditions as to make it
impossible to attach any importance to his
statement. I am bound to infer that that
statement sprang out of opposition to the ad-
ministration's whole policy rattier than out
of any serious intention to reform its prac-
tice."
CHAMBERLAIN DEFENDS SPEECH.
Senator Chamberlain read the president's
statement and made the following re\>ly on the
same date :
"In my New York speech I had not prepared
the address and spoke twenty minutes extem-
poraneously without notes. I pointed out that
from Bunker Hill to the present time we had
had no military organization or policy.
"The press report of my address was correct.
But my argument was directed to the military
establishment and not to other departments of
the government, although it was broad enough
to- be subject to that interpretation. But those
hearing it knew I referred merely to the mili-
tary establishment and that the senate military
committee had undertaken, through the bills
for a war cabinet and a director of munitions,
to work out changes in the establishment.
"I explained that these bills were not ad-
ministrative measures. I did not misrepresent
them.
"Secretary Baker's efforts to better his or-
ganization have my utmost approval. He has
made much improvement. But the inherent
weakness of his organization is that nobody
between the army and the president has legal
authority.
"There is the council of national defense,
the war industries board and the clearance
committee — all purely voluntary organizations —
between the president and the army. The war
cabinet and director of the munitions would
be created by law with definite legal powers
and duties, respectively, to map out and direct
war policies and to have charge of war sup-
plies. By this plan we would substitute a
strong for the only weak link in the chain of
organization.
"I regret very much that the administration
is not with me. But I am acting under my
oath and will have the approval of my own
conscience even if not of the administration,
i ''The people are entitled to be let into the
committee's confidence. If the people don't
want it, that will be all right. It is their
; war."
REPEATS CHARGES IN SENATE.
On Jan. 24 Mr. Chamberlain made a speech
in the senate in which he maintained that the
president had not been informed as to the
real state of affairs and was consequently ig-
norant of shortcomings of the war depart-
ment. He criticized particularly the ordnance
and quartermaster departments and the health
conditions at the training camps. Letters were
read by him from parents who had seen their
sons die under the most distressing circum-
stances in the camp hospitals. The senator
called particular attention to the delay in de-
ciding upon the type of machine gun to use
and in furnishing the soldiers with rifles and
uniforms.
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY BAKER.
Newton D. Baker, secretary of war, feeling
that the Chamberlain speech virtually accused
the war department of having "fallen down"
in its work, asked that he be given an oppor-
tunity of being heard by the senate committee
on military affairs. His request was granted
and he appeared before the committee Jan 28
For nearly six hpurs he told in detail what
had been accomplished by the war department
in raising, training and sending troops to
Europe. Following- are some of the more im-
portant statements made by the secretary:
The United States government could hav«
from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 troops in France
in 1918; 500,000 men would be there by
spring and another 1,500,000 would be ready
to go as fast as they could be transported.
More than 1,000,000 men in the national
guard and national army were ready to go at
any time.
With regard to the sites oi the cantonments
and the construction of the barracks the high-
est sanitary and medical experts of the coun-
try had been consulted. Everything possible
had been done to protect the men. The food
furnished the American soldiers had been of
the highest quality.
All the uniforms of the soldiers were 100
per cent wool. As regarded the shortage in
uniforms, the secretary considered it better to
have the men go into camp and begin train-
ing than to wait until the last button was
sewed on their coats.
Concerning artillery. Gen. Bliss had- sent thu
message from the interallied conference in
Paris: "The representatives of Great Britain
and France state that their production of ar-
tillery is now established on so large a scale
that they are able to equip completely all the
American divisions as they arrive in France
in 1918. Gen. Joftre and his associates bring
to me the assurance that we are not taking
from France and Great Britain the things
which they need."
With regard to machine guns, Gen. Pershing
did not desire to use the Lewis gun for land
service, but it had been chosen by the experts
for the air service. The marines who went
abroad had been armed with Lewis guns, but
these weapons had been retired and the regi-
ments had been supplied with Chauchut rifles
(light machine weapons) and Hotchkiss guns.
The department had ordered every machine
gun it could get.
The choice of a rifle had been made at a
conference in the secretary's office at which
were Gen. Crozier, Gen. Scott, Gen. Bliss, Gen.
Kuhn, G«n. Pershing and ten experts from the
ordnance department. It was unanimously de-
cided to use the Springfield rifle and a modi-
fication of the Enfleld rifle, which would al-
low it to be chambered for American ammu-
nition. This had led to some delay, but Gen.
Wood had suggested the advisability of calling
out a large army before all the rifles had
been manufactured, as the men needed many
things before they needed rifles. He pointed
out that the Kitchener army had drilled for
months in civilian clothes and had used sticks
for arms. Every soldier sent to Europe was
armed with an excellent rifle. Only a few
complaints had been received of bad treat-
ment in the artny hospitals and each case
was investigated. Where there was a ma-
terial shortage it was referred to the surgeon-
general for instant correction. Where there
was a breakdown in the human element it
was referred for action to be taken which
would be not only corrective but punitive.
PRESIDENT'S FOOD PROCLAMATION.
The following appeal for further saving of
food was issued by President Wilson Jan. 26,
1918:
"Many causes have cpntributed to create the
necessity for a more intensive effort on the
part of our people to save food in order that
we may supply our associates in the war with
the sustenance vitally necessary to them in
these days of privation and stress. The re-
duced productivity of Europe because of the
402
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
large diversion of man power to the war. the
partial failure of harvests and the elimination
of the more distant markets for foodstuffs
through the destruction, of shipping-, places the
burden of their subsistence very largely on
our shoulders. The food administration has
formulated suggestions which, if followed,
will enable us to meet this great responsibility
without any real inconvenience on our part.
"In order that we may reduce our consump-
tion of wheat and wheat products by 30 per
cent — a reduction imperatively necessary to
provide the supply for overseas — wholesalers,
jobbers and retailers should purchase and re-
sell to their customers only 70 per cent of the
amounts used in 1917. All manufacturers of
alimentary pastes, biscuits, crackers, pastry
and breakfast cereals should reduce their pur-
chases and consumption of wheat and wheat
flour to 70 per cent of their 1917 require-
ments and all bakers of bread and rolls to 80
per cent of their current requirements. Con-
sumers should reduce their purchases of wheat
products for home preparation to at most 70
per cent of thoss of last year, or, when buy-
ing- bread, should purchase mixed cereal breads
from the bakers.
"To provide sufficient cereal food, homes,
public eating places, dealers and manufactur-
ers should substitute potatoes, vegetables,
corn, barley, oats and rice products, and the
mixed cereal bread and other products of the
bakers which contain an admixture of other
cereals.
"In order that consumption may be restricted
to this extent, Mondays and Wednesdays
should be observed as wheatless days each
week and one meal each day should be ob-
served as a wheatless meal.
"In both homes and public eating- places, in
order to reduce the consumption of beef, pork
and sheep products, Tuesday should be ob-
served as meatless day in each week, one
meatless meal should be observed in each day;
while, in addition, Saturday in each week
should be further observed as a day upon
which there should be no consumption of pork
products.
"A continued economy in the use of sugar
will be necessary until later in the year.
"It is imperative that all waste and un-
necessary consumption of all sorts of food-
stuffs should be rigidly eliminated.
"The maintenance of the health and strength
of our own people is vitally necessary at this
time and there should be no dangerous restric-
tion of the food supply ; but the elimination of
every sort of waste and the substitution of
other commodities, of which we have more
abundant supplies, lor those which we need
to save, will in no way impair the strength of
our people and will enable us to meet one of
the most pressing obligations of the war.
"I. therefore, in the national interest, take
the liberty of calling upon every loyal Amer-
ican to take fully to heart the suggestions
which are being circulated by the food ad-
ministration and of begging that they be
followed. I am confident that the great body
of our women who have labofed so loyally in
co-operation with the food administration
for the success of food conservation will
strengthen their efforts and will take it as a
part of their burden in this period of na-
tional service to see that the above suggestions
are observed throughout the land.
"WOODROW WILSON."
NEW FOOD RULES.
The suggestions made by the food adminis-
tration referred to in the president's proclama-
tion were:
"The following is a summary of the rules
that have been formulated by the United
States food administration with the approval
of the president, in order to effect the further
conservation in foodstuffs necessary to sup-
port the allies and our own armed forces over
the next four months.
"These rules are effective from the morning-
of Monday, Jan. 28.
"The elfectiveness of these rules is depend-
ent solely upon the good will of and the
willingness to sacrifice by the American peo-
ple. In the last analysis the success or fail-
ure of any plan such as here outlined rests
with the people. We are dependent upon the
co-operation of the trades.
"We have but one police force — the Amer-
ican woman — and we depend upon her to
organize in co-operation with our state and
local food administrators to see that these
rules are obeyed by that small minority who
may fail.
"Part of the rules will be enforced under
the Lever food act ; other parts are voluntary,
and will depend for their success upon public
sentiment. Our experience hitherto has shown
a willingness of the vast majority of consum-
ers and a full co-operation of the trades to
undergo the self-sacrifice necessary to render
such measures effective. The small minority
who refuse to co-operate should not be al-
lowed to defeat the nation's necessities.
"1. As their part in reducing the consump-
tion of wheat flour, the consumers of the
country are called upon in purchasing such
flour to buy at the same time an equal
weig-ht of the other cereals (corn meal, corn
starch, corn flour, hominy, corn grits, barley
flour, rice, rice flour, oatmeal, rolled oats,
buckwheat flour, potato flour, sweet potato
flour, soy bean flour and feterita flours and
meals). The housewife may use these prod-
ucts separately in making bread, cakes and
pastry, or mix them as she thinks best.
"The retailers are to sell wheat flour only
with an equal weight of these other cereals.
"2. Consumers will be able to obtain mixed
cereal bread from their bakers, who will be
required under the license regulations to mix
5 per cent of other cereals with their wheat
flour, both in bread and rolls, and will be re-
quired gradually to increase this substitution
until, beginning Feb. 24, a minimum of 20
per cent of such cereals is to be used. The
food administration strongly urges on con-
sumers the buying of this bread, which will
be known as victory bread and will contain
not less than 20 per cent of cereals other than
wheat. Graham or whole wheat bread will
also be given that name, because, containing,
as they do, 25 per cent more of the wheat
grain than white bread, they, too, will serve
the purpose of saving wheat flour.
"If you bake bread at home use wheat sub-
stitutes; if you buy it, buy only victory bread.
"3. Manufacturers of macaroni, spaghetti,
noodles, crackers, breakfast foods, pie, cake
and pastry are not to purchase to exceed 70
per cent of the wheat flour they used during
the corresponding months of 1917. These
manufacturers will be performing a patriotic
service by using cereals other than wheat in
their productions.
"4. Wholesalers will be required, under
license regulati9ns, not to buy more than 70
per cent of their purchases of flour from mil-
lers as based on their purchases for the cor-
responding months of the previous year, and
their sales to the retail trade must be in pro-
portion of one pound of wheat flour to one
pound of other cereals, this being the same
proportion in which the retailer satisfies him-
self that the substitutes have been already
purchased from another source.
"A ruling has been made that in making any
combination sales under this program dealers
shall name a price for each of the articles so
sold which shall not represent more than a
normal pre-war profit on any one of the
articles sold.
"5. Millers of flour a.re to distribute their
output through their customary channels and
markets in such a manner that each city, town
and district may receive its usual proportion.
The wheat millers have been required to pro-
duce one barrel of flour (196 pounds) from
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
403
264 pounds of wheat. This is a white flour
and represents from 2 per cent to 4 per cent
higher extraction than from last year's har-
vest.
Wheatless Days.
"6. To assist further in conservation, Mon-
day and Wednesday of each week are to be
observed as wheatless days and one meal of
each day as a wheatless meal. This applies
both in the home and in the public eating
place, and on such days and meals no crack-
ers, pastries, macaroni, breakfast foods or
other cereals containing wheat should be used.
The only exceptipn to this is such small
amounts of flour as may be needed tor
thickening soups or gravies or as a binder in
corn bread or other cereal breads.
"7. On wheatless days and at wheatless
meals the food administration urges that
bread baked in the home be other than wheat
bread. Where bread is purchased either for
use in public eating places or in the home
victory bread should be used if no wheat sub-
stitutes can be found.
"The federal food administrator in each
state will announce the meal to be observed
as a wheatless meal in his state. If no meal
is designated, the United States food adminis-
tration prefers that the evening meal be
wheatless.
Meatless Days.
"8. It is further desired, in order that meat
and pork products be conserved, that one meat-
less day (Tuesday) in every week, and one
meatless meal in every day, be observed, and,
in addition, two porkless days (Tuesday and
Saturday) in every week, be strictly kept. By
'meatless' is meant without hog, cattle or
sheep products. On other days use mutton
and lamb -in preference to beef or pork. By
'porkless' is meant without pork, bacon, ham,
lard or hog products. On these days use
fish, poultry and eggs.
"9. For local situations where exceptions are
necessary application should be made to the
state food administrators."
WILSON'S MESSAGE TO FARMERS.
President Wilson sent the following message
to a farmers' war conference held at the Uni-
versity of Illinois in Urbana, Jan. 31, 1918:
"I am very sorry, indeed, that I cannot be
present in person at the Urbana conference. I
should like to enjoy the benefit of the in-
spiration and exchange of counsel which I
know should obtain, but in the circumstances
it has seemed impossible for me to be present,
and, therefore, I can only send you a very
earnest message expressing my interest and
the thoughts which such a conference must
bring prominently into every mind.
"I need not tell you, for I am sure you
realize as keenly as I do, that we are as a
nation in the presence of a great task which
demands supreme sacrifice and endeavor of
every one of us. We can give everything that
is needed with the greater willingness and even
satisfaction because .the object of the war in
which we are engaged is the greatest that
free men have ever undertaken.
"It is to prevent the life of the world from
being determined and the fortunes of men
everywhere affected by small groups of mili-
tary masters who seek their own interest and
the selfish dominion throughout the world
of the governments they unhappily for the
moment control.
"You will not need to be convinced that it
was necessary for us as a free people to take
part in this war. It had raised its evil hand
against us. The rulers of Germany had
sought to exercise their power in such a way
as to shut off our economic life so far as our
intercourse with Europe was concerned, and
to confine our people within the western hemi-
sphere while they accomplished purposes which
would have permanently impaired and im-
peded every process of our national life and
have put the fortunes of America at the mercy
of the imperial government of Germany. This
was no threat. It had become a reality. Their
hand of violence had been laid upon our own
people and our own property in flagrant vio-
lation not only of justice but of the well
recognized and long standing1 covenants of in-
ternational law and treaty.
"We are fighting, therefore, as truly for the
liberty and self-government of the United
States as if the war of our own revolution
had to be fought 9ver again, and every man
in every business in the United States must
know by this time that his whole future for-
tune lies in the balance.
"Our national life and our whole economic
development will pass under the sinister in-
fluences of foreign control if we do not win.
We must win, therefore, and we shall win. I
need not alsk you to pledge your lives and
fortunes with those of the rest of the nation
to the accomplishment of that great end.
"You will realize, as I think statesmen on
both sides of the water realize, that the cul-
minating crisis of the struggle has come and
that the achievements of this year on the
one side or the other must determine the
issue. It has turned out that the forces that
fight for freedom, the freedom of men all
over the world as well as our own. depend
upon us in an extraordinary and unexpected
degree for sustenance, for the supply of the
materials by which men are to live and to
fight, and it will be our glory when the war
is over that we have supplied those materials
and supplied them abundantly, and it will be
all the more glory because in supplying them
we have made our supreme effort and sac-
rifice.
"In the field of agriculture we have agen-
cies and instrumentalities fortunately such as
no other government in the world can show.
The department of agriculture is undoubtedly
the greatest practical and scientific agricul-
tural organization in the world.
"And let me say that the stimulation of the
agencies I have enumerated has been re-
sponded to by the farmers in splendid fashion.
I dare say that you are aware that the farm-
ers of this country are as efficient as any
other farmers in the world. They do not
produce more per acre than the farmers in
Europe. It is not necessary that they should
do so. It would perhaps be bad economy
for them to attempt it. But they do pro-
duce by two to three or four times more per
man. per unit of labor and capital than the
farmers of any European country. They are
more alert and use more labor saving devices
than any other farmers in the world. And
their response to the demands of the present
emergency has been in every way remark-
able.
"But I ought to say to you that it is not
only necessary that these achievements should
be repeated but that they should be exceeded.
"In fixing the prices of foodstuffs the gov-
ernment has sincerely tried to keep the in-
terests of the farmer as much in mind as
the interests of the communities which are to
be served.
"I will not appeal to you to continue and re-
new and increase your efforts. I do not
believe that it is necessary to do so."
WILSON'S BALTIMORE SPEECH.
In Baltimore, Md., April 6, 1918, on the an-
niversary of the nation's declaration of war
against Germany, President Wilson made the
following speech:
"Fellow Citizens: This is the anniversary of
our acceptance of Germany's challenge to fight
for our right to live and be free, and for the
sacred rights of free men everywhere.
"The nation is awake. There is no need to
call to it. We know what the war must cost,
our utmost sacrifice, the lives of our fittest
404
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
men, and if need be, all that we possess. The
loan we are met to discuss is one of the least
parts of what we are called upon to give and
to do, though in itself imperative.
"The people of the whole country are alive
to the necessity of it and are ready to offer to
the utmost, even where it involves a sharp
skimping: and daily sacrifice to lend out of
meager earnings. They will look with repro-
bation and contempt upon those who can and
will not, upon those who demand a higher
rate of interest, upon those who think of it
as a mere commercial transaction.
"I have not come, therefore, to urge the
loan. I have come only to give you, if I can,
a more vivid conception of what it is for.
"Tne reasons for this great war, the reason
why it had to come, the need to fight it
through, and the issues that hang upon its
outcome are more clearly disclosed now than
ever before. It is easy to see just what this
particular loan means because the cause we
are fighting for stands more sharply revealed
than at any previous crisis of the momentous
struggle.
"The man who knows least can now see
plainly how the cause of justice stands and
what 'the imperishable thing is he is asked to
invest in. Men in America may be more sure
than they ever were before that the cause is
their own and that, if it should be lost, their
own great nation's place and mission in the
world would be lost with it.
"1 call you to witness, toy fellow country-
men, that at no stage of this terrible business
have 1 judged the purposes of Germany in-
temperately. I should be ashamed in the
presence of affairs so grave, so fraught with
the destinies of mankind throughout all the
world, to speak with truculence, to use the
weak language of hatred or vindictive purpose.
"We must judge as we would be judged. I
have sought to lea^n the objects Germany has
in this war from the mouths of her own
spokesmen, and to deal as frankly with them
as I wished them to deal with me. I have laid
bare our own ideals, our own purposes, with-
out reserve or doubtful phrase, and have
asked them to say as plainly what it is that
they seek.
"We have ourselves proposed no injustice,
no aggressipn. We are ready, whenever the
final reckoning is made, to be just to the Ger-
man people, deal fairly with the German pow-
er as with all others. There can be no differ-
ence between peoples in the final judgment if
it is indeed to be a righteous judgment.
"To propose anything but justice, even-hand-
ed and dispassionate justice, to Germany at
any time, whatever the outcome of the war,
would be to renounce and dishonor our own
cause. For we ask nothing that we are not
willing to accord.
"It has been with this thought that I have
sought to learn from those who spoke for
Germany whether it was justice or dominion
and the execution of their own will upon other
nations of the world that the German leaders
were seeking. They have answered, answered
in unmistakable terms. They have avowed
that it was not justice but dominion and the
unhindered execution of their own will.
"The avowal has not come from Germany's
statesmen. It has come from her military
leaders, who are her real rulers. Her states-
men have said that they wished peace and
were ready to discuss its terms whenever their
opponents were willing to sit down at the con-
ference table with them.
"Her present chancellor has said — in indefi-
nite and uncertain terms, indeed, and in
phrases that often seem to deny their own
meaning, but with as much plainness as he
thought prudent — that he believed that peace
should be based upon the principles which we
had declared would be our own in the final
settlement.
"At Brest-L,itovsk her civilian delegates
epoke in similar terms; professed their desire
to conclude a fair peace and accord to th*
peoples with whose fortunes they were deal-
ing the right to choose their own allegiances.
"But action accompanied and followed the
profession. Their military masters, the men
who act for Germany and exhibit her purpose
in execution, proclaimed a very different con-
clusion.
"We cannot mistake what they have done —
in Russia, in Finland, in the Ukraine, in Rou-
mania.
"The real test of their justice and fair play
has come. From this we may judge the rest.
They are enjoying in Russia a cheap triumph,
in which no brave or gallant nation can long
take pride.
"A great people, helpless by their own act,
lie for the time at their mercy. Their fair
professions are forgotten. They nowhere set
up justice, but everywhere impose their power
and exploit everything for their own use and
aggrandizement, and the peoples of conquered
provinces are invited to be free under their
dominion !
"Are we not justified in believing that they
would do the same things at their western
front if they were not there face to face with
armies which even their countless divisions
cannot overcome? If when they have felt
their check to be final they should propose
favorable and equitable terms with regard to
Belgium and France and Italy, could they
blame us if we concluded that they do so
only to assure themselves of a free hand in
Russia and the east?
"Their purpose is undoubtedly to make all
the free and ambitious nations of the Baltic
peninsula, all the lands that Turkey has
dominated and misruled, subject to their will
and ambition and build upon that dominion
an empire of force upon which they fancy
that they can then erect an empire of gain
and commercial supremacy, an empire as hos-
tile to the Americas as to the Europe which
it will overawe, an empire which will ulti-
mately master Persia, India and the peoples
of the lar east.
"In such a program our ideals, the ideals of
justice and humanity and liberty, the principle
of the free self-determination of nations upon
which all the modern world insists, can play
no part.
"They are rejected for the ideals of power,
for the principle that the strong must rule the
weak, that trade must follow the flag, whether
those to whom it is taken welcome it or not,
that the peoples of the world are to be made
subject to the patronage and overlordship of
those who have the power to enforce it.
"That program once carried out, America
and all who care or dare to stand with her
must arm and prepare themselves to contest
the mastery of the world, a mastery in which
the rights of common men, the rights of wom-
en and of all who are weak, must for the
time being be trodden under foot and disre-
garded, and the old, age long struggle for
freedom and right must begin again at its
beginning. Everything that America has lived
for and loved and grown great to vindicate
and bring to a glorious realization will have
fallen in utter ruin and the gates of mercy
will once more pitilessly shut upon mankind.
"The thing is preposterous and impossible,
and yet is not that what the whole course and
action of the German armies has meant wher-
ever they have moved?
"I do not wish, even in this moment of
Utter disillusionment, to judge harshly or un-
righteously. I judge only what the German
arms have accomplished with unpitying
thoroughness throughout every fair region
they have touched. What, then, are we to do?
"For myself, I am ready, ready still, ready
even now, to discuss a fair and just and hon-
est peace at any time that it is sincerely pur-
posed, a peace in which the strong and the
weak shall fare alike. But the answer, when
I proposed such a peace, came from the Ger-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
405
man commanders in Russia, and I cannot mis-
take the meaning- of the answer.
"I accept the challenge. I know that you
accept it. All the world shall know that you
accept it. It shall appear in the utter sacri-
fice and self-forgetfulness with which we shall
give all that we love and all that we have to
redeem the world and make it fit for free men
like ourselves to live in.
"This now is the meaning- of all that we do.
Let everything- that we say, my fellow country-
men, everything- that we henceforth plan and
accomplish, ring; true to this response till the
majesty and might of our concerted power
shall fill the thought and utterly defeat the
force of those who flout and misprize what
We honor and hold dear.
"Germany has once more said that force,
and force alone, shall decide whether justice
and peace shall reign in the affairs of men;
whether rig-ht, as America conceives- it, or
dominion, as she conceives it, shall determine
the destinies of mankind.
"There is, therefore, but one response pos-
sible from us: force to the utmost, force with-
out stint or limit, the righteous and tri-
umphant force which shall make right the
law of the world and cast every selfish do-
minion down in the dust."
LIBERTY DAY PROCLAMATION.
To promote the success of the third liberty
loan President Wilson on April 18, 1918,
issued the following- proclamation:
An enemy who has grossly abused the
power of organized g-overnment, and who
seeks to dominate the world by the might of
the sword, challenges the rights of America
and the liberty and life of all the free nations
of the earth. Our brave sons are facing the
fire of battle in defense of the honor and
rights of America and the liberty of nations.
To sustain them and to assist our gallant
associates in the war a generous and patriotic
people have been called upon to subscribe to
the third liberty loan.
Now therefore I. Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States of America, do appoint
Friday, the 26th day of April, 1918, as
Liberty day. On the afternoon of that day
I request the people of the United States to
assemble in their respective communities and
liberally pledge anew their financial support
to sustain the nation's cause. Patriotic dem-
onstrations should be held in every city,
town and hamlet throughout the land under
the general direction of the secretary of the
treasury and the immediate direction of the
liberty loan committees organized by the fed-
eral reserve banks. Let the nation's response
to the third liberty loan express in unmistak-
able terms the determination of America to
fight for peace, the permanent peace of jus-
tice.
For the purpose of participating in liberty
day celebrations all employes of the federal
government throughout the country whose
services can be spared may be excused at 12
o'clock noon Friday, the 26th of April.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
Done in the District of Columbia this 18th
day of April, in the year of our Lord 1918
and of the independence of the United States
of America the one hundred and forty-second.
WOODROW WILSON.
By the president :
ROBERT LANSING. Secretary at State.
WILSON'S RED CROSS SPEECH.
On the occasion of the opening of the sec-
ond Red Cross campaign for $100.000.000
President Wilson made the following speech
at the Metropolitan Opera house in New York
city. Saturday night. May 18, 1918:
"Mr. Chairman and Fellow Countrymen: I
should be very sorry to think that Mr. Davi-
son in any degree curtailed his exceedingly
interesting speech for fear that he was post-
poning mine, because I am sure you listened
with the same intent and intimate interest
with which I listened to the extraordinarily
vivid account he gave of the things which
he had realized because he had come in con-
tact with them on the other side of the
waters.
"We compass them with our imagination:
he compassed them in his personal experi-
ence, and I am not come here to-night to
review for you the work of the Red Cross:
I am not competent to do so, because I have
not had the time or the opportunity to follow
it in detail. I have come here simply to say
a few words to you as to what it all seems
to me to mean, and it means a great deal.
"There are two duties with which we are
face to face. The first duty is to win the
war. And the second duty, that goes hand-
in-hand with it, is to win it greatly and
worthily, showing the real quality of our
power not only, but the real quality of our
purpose and of ourselves.
"Of course, the first duty, the duty that we
must keep in the foreground of our thought
until it is accomplished, is to win the war.
I have heard gentlemen recently say that we
must get 5.000,000 men ready. Why limit it
to 5,000.000?
"I have asked the congress of the United
States to name no limit, because the congress
intends, I am sure, as we all intend, that every
ship that can carry men or supplies shall go
laden upon every voyage with every man and
every supply she can carry.
"And we are not to be diverted from the
grim purpose of winning the war by any in-
sincere approaches upon the subject of peace.
I can say with a clear conscience that I have
tested those intimations and have found them
insincere. I now recognize them for what
they are, an opportunity to have a free hand,
particularly in the east, to carry out pur-
poses of conquest and exploitation.
"Every proposal with regard to accommoda-
tion in the west involves a reservation with
regard to the east. Now, so far as I am con-
cerned, I intend to stand by Russia as well
as France."
A voice from the audience interrupted with:
"God bless you."
"The helpless and the friendless are the
very ones that need friends and succor," the
president continued, "and if any man in Ger-
many thinks we are going to sacrifice anybody
for our own sake I tell him now he is mis-
taken.
"For the glory of this war, my fellow
citizens, in so far as we are concerned, is
that it is, perhaps for the first time in his-
tory, an unselfish war. I could not be proud
to fight for a selfish purpose, but I can
be proud to fight for mankind.
"If they wish peace let them come for-
ward through accredited representatives and
lay their terms on the table. We have laid
ours and they know what they are.
"But behind all this grim purpose, my
friends, lies the opportunity to demonstrate
not only force which will be demonstrated
to the utmost but the opportunity to demon-
strate character, and it is that opportunity
that we have most conspicuously in the work
of the Red Cross.
"Not that our men in arms do not represent
our character, for they do. and it is a char-
acter which those who see and realize appre-
ciate and admire: but their duty is the duty
of force. The duty of the Red Cross is the
duty of mercy and succor and friendship.
"Have you formed a picture in your imagi-
nation of what this war is doing for us and
f9r the world? In my own mind I am con-
vinced that not a hundred years of peace could
| have knitted this nation together as this sin-
I gle year of war has knitted it together; and.
406
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
better even than that, if possible, it is knit-
ting the world together.
"Look at the picture. In the center of
the scene four nations engaged ag-ainst the
world, and at every point of vantage shpw-
ing that they are seeking selfish aggrandize-
ment: and. against them, twenty-three govern-
ments representing the greater part of the
population of the world drawn together into
a new sense of cpmmunity of interest, a new
sense of community of purpose, a new sense
of unity of life.
"The secretary of war told me an interesting
incident the other day. He said when he was
in Italy a member pf the Italian government
was explaining to him the many reasons why
Italy felt near to the United States.
" 'If you want to try an interesting experi-
ment go up to any one of these troop trains
and ask in English how many of them have
been in America and see what happens."
"He tried the experiment. He went up to
a troop train and he said, 'How many of you
boys have been in America?' and he said
it seemed to him as if half of them sprang
up: 'Me from San Francisco": 'Me from New
York"; all over. There was part of the heart
of America in the Italian army. People that
had been knitted to us by association, who
knew us, who had lived among- us, who had
worked shoulder to shoulder with us. and now
friends of America, were fighting1 for their
native Italy.
"Friendship is the only cement that will
ever hold the world together. And this inti-
mate contact of the Red Cross with the peo-
ples who are suffering the terrors and depriva-
tions of this war is going to be one of the
greatest instrumentalities of friendship that
the world ever knew, and the center of the
heart of it all. if we sustain it properly, will
be this land that we so dearly love.
"My friends, a great day of duty has come,
and duty finds a man's soul as no kind of
work can ever find it.
"May I say this— the duty that faces us
all now is to serve one another, and no man
can afford to make a fortune out of this war.
There are men among us who have for-
gotten that, if they ever saw it. Some of you
are old enough — I am old enough — to re-
member men who made fortunes out of the
civil war, and you know how they were re-
garded by their fellow citizens. That was a
war to save one country — this is a war to save
the world.
"And your relation to the Red Cross is
one of the relations which will relieve you
of the stigma. You can't give anything to the
government of the United States: it wpn't
accept it. There is a law of congress against
accepting even services without pay. The
only thing1 that the government ,will accept
is a loan, and duties performed: but it is a
great deal better to give than to lend or to
pay, and your great channel for giving is the
American Red Cross.
"Down in your hearts you can't take very
much satisfaction, in the last analysis, in
lending money to the government of the
United States, because the interest which
you draw will burn your pockets: it is a com-
mercial transaction, and some men have even
dared to cavil at the rate of interest, not
knowing the incidental commentary that con-
stitutes upon their attitude.
"But when you give, something of your
heart, something of your soul, something of
yourself goes with the gift, particularly when
it is given in such form that it never can
come back by way of direct benefit to your-
self. You know there is the old cynical defi-
nition of gratitude, as 'the lively expectation
of favors to come."
"Well, there is no expectation of favors to
come in this kind of giving. These things
are bestowed in order that the world may be
a fitter place to live in. that men may be
succored, that homes may be restored, that
suffering may be relieved, that the face of the
earth may have the blight of destruction taken
away from it, and that wherever force goes
there shall go mercy and helpfulness.
"And when you give, give absolutely all
that you can spare, and don't consider your-
self liberal in the giving. If you give with
self-adulation you are not giving at all, you
are giving to your own vanity; but if you
give until it hurts, then your heart blood
goes into it.
"And think what we have herel We call
it the American Red Cross, but it is merely
a branch of a great international organiza-
tion, which is not only recognized by the
statutes of each of the civilized governments
of the world, but it is recognized by interna-
tional agreement and treaty as the recognized
and accepted instrumentality of mercy and
succor. And one of the deepest stains that
rests upon the reputation of the German army
is that they have not respected the Red Cross.
"That goes to the root of the matter. They
have not respected the instrumentality they
themselves participated in setting up as the
thing- which no man was to touch, because it
was the expression of common humanity. We
are members, by being members of the Amer-
ican Red Cross, of a great fraternity and com-
radeship which extends all over the world,
and this cross which these women bore to-day
is an emblem of Christianity itself.
"It fills my imagination, ladies and gentle-
men, to think of the women all over this
country who are busy to-night and are busy
every night and every day doing the work
of the Red Cross, busy with a great eagerness
to find 9ut the most serviceable thing to do,
busy with a fqrgetfulness of all the old
frivolities of their social relationships, ready
to curtail the duties of the household in order
that they may contribute to this common
work that all their hearts are engaged in,
and in doing which their hearts become ac-
quainted with each other.
"When you think of this, you realize how
the people of the United States are being
drawn together into a great intimate family
whose heart is being used for the service of
the soldiers not only, but for the service of
civilians where they suffer and are lost in a
maze of distresses and distractions.
"And you have, then, this noble picture of
justice and mercy as the two servants of
liberty. For only where men are free do they
think the thoughts of comradeship; only
where they are free do they think the thoughts
of sympathy; only where they are free are
they mutually helpful; only where they are
free do they realize their dependence upon one
another and their comradeship in a common
interest and common necessity.
"I heard a story told the other day that
was ridiculous, but it is worth repeating, be-
cause it contains the germ of truth. An In-
dian was enlisted in the army. He returned
to the reservation on a furlough. He was
asked what he thought of it. He said: 'No
much good; too much salute; not much shoot."
Then he was asked: 'Are you going back?"
'Yes.' 'Well, do you know what you are fight-
ing for?" 'Yes, me know: fight to make whole
damn world democratic party."
"He had evidently misunderstood some in-
nocent sentence of my own. But, after all,
although there is no party purpose in it, he
got it right as far as the word 'party,' to
make the whole world democratic in the sense
of community of interest and of purpose, and
if you ladies and gentlemen could read some
of the touching dispatches which come through
official channels, for even through these chan-
nels there come voices of humanity that are
infinitely pathetic, if you could catch some of
those voices that speak the utter longing- of
oppressed and helpless peoples all over the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
407
world to hear something- like the 'Battle Hymn
of the Republic,' to hear the feet of the great
hosts of liberty going- to set them free, to set
their minds free, set their lives free, set their
children free, you would know what comes
into the heart of those who are trying to con-
tribute all the brains and power they have to
this great enterprise of liberty.
"I summon you to the comradeship, I sum-
mon you in this next week to say how much
and how sincerely and how unanimously you
sustain the heart of the world."
PRESIDENT ASKS CONGRESS FOR NEW
TAXES.
Owing- to a division of opinion among- the
members of congress as to the necessity of
passing- new revenue bills for war expenses.
President Wilson appeared before a joint ses-
sion of the house and senate on May 27, 1918,
and made the following speech:
"It is with unaffected reluctance that I
come to ask you to prolong- your session
long- enough to provide more adequate re-
sources for the treasury for the conduct of
the war. I have reason to appreciate as
fully as you do how arduous the session has
been. Your labors have been severe and pro-
tracted. You have passed a long series of
measures which required the debate of many
doubtful questions of judgment and many
exceedingly difficult questions of principle as
well as of practice.
"The summer is upon us, in which labor
and counsel are twice arduous and are con-
stantly apt to be impaired by lassitude and
fatigue. The elections are at hand and we
ought as soon as possible to go and render
an intimate account of our trusteeship to the
people who delegated us to act for them in
the weighty and anxious matters that crowd
upon us in these days of critical choice and
action.
"But we dare not go to the elections until
we have done our duty to the full. These are
days when duty stands stark and naked, and
even with closed eyes we know it is there.
Excuses are unavailing. We have either done
our duty or we have not. The fact will be
as gross and plain as the duty itself. In such
a case lassitude and fatigue seem negligible
enough. The facts are tonic and suffice to
freshen the labor.
"And the facts are these: Additional rev-
enues must manifestly be provided for. It
would be a most unsound policy to raise too
large a proportion of them by loan, and it is
evident that the $4.000,000,000 now provided
for by taxation will not of themselves sus-
tain the greatly enlarged budget to which we
must immediately look forward.
"We cannot, in fairness, wait until the end
of the fiscal year is at hand to apprise our
people of the taxes they must pay on their
earnings of the present calendar year, whose
accountings and expenditures will then be
closed. We cannot get increased taxes unless
the country knows what they are to be and
practices the necessary economy to make them
available.
"Definiteness, early definiteness, as to what
its tasks are to be is absolutely necessary
for the successful administration of the treas-
ury: it cannot frame fair and workable regu-
lations in haste, and it must frame its regula-
tions in haste if it is not to know its exact
task until the very eve of its performance.
"The present tax laws are marred, more-
over, by inequities which ought to be rem-
edied. Indisputable facts, every one; and we
cannot alter or blink them. To state them
is argument enough. And yet, perhaps, you
will permit me to dwell for a moment upon
the situation they disclose. Enormous loans
freely spent in the stimulation of industry of
almost every sort produce inflations and ex-
travagances which presently make the whole
economic structure questionable and insecure
and the very basis of credit is cut away.
"Only fair, equitably distributed taxation of
the widest incidence and drawing chiefly from
the sources which would be likely to demor-
alize credit by their very abundance can pre-
vent inflation and keep our industrial system
free of speculation and waste.
"We shall naturally turn, therefore, I sup-
pose, to war profits and incomes and luxuries
for the additional taxes. But the war profits
and incomes uppn which the increased taxes
will be levied will be the profits and incomes
of the calendar year 1918. It would be man-
ifestly unfair to wait until the early months
of 1919 to say what they are to be. It might
be difficult, I should imagine, to run the mill
with water that had already gone over the
"Moreover, taxes of that sort will not be
paid until June of next year and the treas-
ury must anticipate them. It must use the
money they are to produce before it is
due. It must sell short time certificates of
indebtedness. In the autumn a much larger
sale of long time bonds must be effected than
has yet been attempted. What are the bank-
ers to think of the certificates if they do not
certainly know where the money is to come
from which is to take them up? And how
are investors to approach the purchase of
bonds with any sort of confidence or knowl-
edge of their own affairs if they do not know
what taxes they are to pay and what econo-
mies and adjustments of their business they
must effect?
"I cannot assure the country of a success-
ful administration of the treasury in 1918 if
the question of further taxation is to be
left undecided until 1919.
"The consideration that dominates every
other now, and makes every other seem trivial
and negligible, is the winning of the war.
We are not only in the midst of the war: we
ore at the very peak and crisis of it. Hun-
dreds of thousands of our men, carrying our
hearts with them and our fortunes, are in
the field and ships are crowding faster and
faster to the ports of Prance and England
with regiment after regiment, thousand after
thousand, to join them until the enemy shall
be beaten and brought to a reckoning with
mankind.
"There can be no pause or intermission.
The great enterprise must, on the contrary,
be pushed with greater and greater energy.
The volume of our might must steadily and
rapidly be augmented until there can be no
question of resisting it.
"If that is to be accomplished, gentlemen,
money must sustain it to the utmost. Our
financial program must no more be left in
doubt or suffered to lag than our ordnance
program, or our ship program, or our muni-
tions program, or our program for making mil-
lions of men ready. These others are not
programs, indeed, but mere plans upon paper,
unless there is to be an unquestionable supply
of money.
"That is the situation, and it is the situa-
tion which creates the duty, no choice or
preference of ours. There is only one way
to meet that duty. We must meet it without
selfishness or fear of consequences. Politics
is adjourned. The elections will go to those
who think least of it: to those who go to the
constituencies without explanation or ex-
cuses, with a plain record of duty faithfully
and disinterestedly performed.
"I, for one, am always cpnfident that the
people of this country will give a just verdict
upon the service of the men who act for
them when the facts are such that no man
can disguise or conceal them. There is no
danger of deceit now. An intense and pitiless
light beats upon every man and every action
in this tragic plot of war that is now upon
the stage.
"If lobbyists hurry to Washington to at-
408
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
tempt to turn what you do in the matter of
taxation to their protection or advantage the
light will beat also upon them.
"There is abundant fuel for the light in
the records of the treasury with regard to
profits pi every sort. The profiteering: that
cannot oe got at by the restraints of con-
science and love of country can be got at
by taxation. There is such profiteering now
and the information with regard to it is
available and indisputable.
"I am advising you to act upon this matter
of taxation now. gentlemen, not because I do
not know that you can see and interpret the
facts and the duty they impose just as well
and with as clear a perception of the obliga-
tions involved as I can, but because there is
a certain solemn satisfaction in sharing with
you the responsibilities of such a time.
"The world never stood in such case be-
fore. Men never before had so clear or eo
moving a vision of duty. I know that you
will begrudge the work to be done here by us
no more than the men begrudge us theirs who
lie in the trenches and sally forth to 'their
death. There is a stimulating comradeship
knitting us all together.
"And this task to which I invite your im-
mediate consideration will be performed under
favorable influences if we will look to what
the country is thinking and expecting and care
nothing at all for what is being said and be-
lieved in the lobbies of Washington hotels,
where the atmosphere seems to make it pos-
sible to believe what is believed nowhere else.
"Have you not felt the spirit of the nation
rise and its thought become a single and
common thpught since these eventful days
came, in which we have been sending our boys
to the other side? I think you must read
that thought, as I do. to mean this, that the
people of this country are not only united in
the resolute purpose to win this war, but are
ready and willing to bear any burden and un-
dergo any sacrifice that it may be necessary
for them to bear in order to win it.
"We need not be afraid to tax them if we
lay taxes justly. They know that the war
must be paid for, and that it is they who
must pay for it, and if the burden is justly
distributed and the sacrifice made a common
sacrifice, from which none escapes who can
bear it at all. they will carry it cheerfully
and with a sort of solemn pride.
"I have always been proud to be an Amer-
ican, and was never more proud than now,
when all that we have said and all that we
have foreseen about our people is coming true.
The great days have come when the only
thing that they ask for or admire is duty,
greatly and adequately done: when their only
wish for America is that she may share the
freedom she enjoys: when a great, compelling
sympathy wells up in their hearts for men
everywhere who suffer and are oppressed, and
when they see at last the high uses for which
their wealth has been piled up and their
mighty power accumulated, and, counting
neither blood nor treasure, now that the final
day of opportunity has come, rejoice to spend
and to be spent through a long night of suf-
fering and terror, in order that they and men
everywhere may see the dawn of a day of
righteousness and justice and peace. Shall we
grow weary when they bid us act?
WILSON'S MOUNT VERNON ADDRESS,
JULY 4, 1918.
Addressing foreign diplomats and represent-
atives of foreign born Americans gathered
about the tomb of George Washington at
Mount Vernon. Va., July 4. 1918, President
Wilson spoke as follows:
"Gentlemen of the Diplomatic Corps and My
Fellow Citizens: I am happy to draw apart
with you to this quiet place of old counsel
in order to speak a little* of the meaning of
this day of our nation's independence. The
place seems very still and remote. It is as
serene and untouched by the hurry of the
world as it was in those great days long ago
when Gen. Washington was here a"nd held
leisurely conference with the men who were
to be associated with him in the creation of
a nation.
"From these gentle slopes they looked out
upon the world and saw it whole, saw it with
the light of the future upon it, saw it with
modern eyes that turned away from a past
which men of liberated spirits could no longer
endure.
"It is for that reason that we cannot feel,
even here, in the immediate presence of this
sacred tomb, that this is a place of death.
It was a place of achievement. A great prom-
ise that was meant for all mankind was here
given plan and reality.
"The associations by which we are here sur-
rounded are the inspiriting associations of that
noble death which is only a glorious con-
summation. From this green hillside we also
ought to be able to see with comprehending
eyes the world that lies about us and should
conceive anew the purposes that must set
men free.
"It is significant — significant of their own
character and purpose and of the influences
they were setting afoot— that Washington and
his associates, like the barons at Runnymede,
spoke and acted not for a class but for a peo-
ple. It has been left for us to see to it that
it shall be understood that they spoke and
acted not for a single people only but for all
mankind.
"They were thinking not of themselves and
of the material interests which centered in the
little groups of landholders and merchants and
men of affairs with whom they were accus-
tomed to act in Virginia and the colonies to
the north and south of her, but of a people
which wished to be done with classes and spe-
cial interests and the authority of men whom
they had not themselves chosen to rule over
them.
"They entertained no private purpose, de-
sired no peculiar privilege. They were con-
sciously planning that men of every class
should be free and America a place to which
men out of every nation might resort who
wished to share with them the rights and
privileges of free men.
"And we take our cue from them — do we
not? We intend what they intended. We here
in America believe our participation in this
present war to be only the fruitage of what
they planted.
"Our case differs from theirs only in this, that
it is our inestimable privilege to concert with
men out of every nation what shall make not
only the liberties of America secure but the
liberties of every other people as well. We
are happy in the thought that we are permit-
ted to do what they would have done had they
been in our place.
"There must now be settled once for all
what was settled for America in the great
age upon whose inspiration we draw to-day.
This is surely a fitting place from which
calmly to look out upon our task, that we
may fortify our spirits for its accomplishment.
And this is the appropriate place from which
to avow, alike to the friends who look on
and to the friends with whom we have tho
happiness to be associated in action, the faith
and purpose with which we act.
"This, then, is our conception of the great
struggle in which we are engaged. The plot
is written plain upon every scene and every
act of the supreme tragedy. On the one hand
stand the peoples of the world — not only tho
peoples actually engaged, but many others also
who suffer under mastery, but cannot act : peo-
ples of many races and in every part of the
world — the people of stricken Bussia still,
among the rest, though they are for the mo-
ment unorganized and helpless.
"Opposed to them, masters of many armies.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
400
stand an isolated, friendless group of govern-
ments who speak no common purpose, but
only selfish ambitions of their own by which
none can profit but themselves, and whose peo-
ples are fuel in their hands; governments
which fear their people and yet are for the
time their sovereign lords, making- every choice
,for them and disposing of their lives and for-
tunes as they will, as well as of the lives and
fortunes of every people who fall under their
power — governments clothed with the strange
trappings and the primitive authority ol an
age that is altogether alien and hostile to our
own.
"The past and the . present are in deadly
grapple, and the peoples of the world are be-
ins' done to death between them.
'.'There can be but one issue. The settlement
must be final. There can be no compromise.
No half-way decision would be tolerable. No
half-way decision is conceivable. These are
the ends for which the associated peoples of
the world are fighting and which must be con-
ceded them before there can be peace :
"1. The destruction of every arbitrary pow-
er anywhere that can separately, secretly and
of its single choice disturb the peace of the
world; or, if it cannot be presently destroyed,
at the least its reduction to virtual impotence.
"2. The settlement of every question, wheth-
er of territory, of sovereignty, of economic
arrangement or of political relationship, upon
the basis of th.e free acceptance of that set-
tlement by the people immediately concerned,
and not upon the basis of the material inter-
est or advantage of any other nation or peo-
ple which may desire a different settlement
for the sake of its own exterior influence or
mastery.
"3. The consent of all nations to be gov-
erned in their conduct toward each other by
the same principles of hqnpr and of respect
for the common law. of civilized society that
govern the individual citizens of all modern
states in their relations with one another; to
the end that all promises and covenants may
be sacredly observed, no private plots or con-
spiracies hatched, no selfish injuries wrought
with impunity, and a mutual trust established
upon the handsome foundation of a mutual
respect for right.
"4. The establishment of an organization of
peace which shall make it certain that the
combined power of free nations will check ev-
ery invasion of right and serve to make peaet
and justice the more secure by affording a
definite tribunal of opinion to which all must
submit and by which every international re-
adjustment that cannot be amicably agreed
upon by the peoples directly concerned shall
be sanctioned.
"These great objects can be put into a sin-
gle sentence. What we seek is the reign of
law, based upon the consent of the governed
and sustained by the organized opinion of man-
kind.
"These great ends cannot be achieved by de-
bating and seeking to reconcile and accommp-
date what statesmen may wish, with their
projects for balances of power and of national
opportunity. They can be realized only by the
determination of what the thinking peoples of
the world desire, with their longing hope for
justice and for social freedom and opportunity.
"I can fancy that the air of this place car-
ries the accents of such principles with a pe-
culiar kindness. Here were started forces
which the great nation against which they
were primarily directed at first regarded as a
revolt against its rightful authority, but which
it has long since seen to have been a step in
the liberation ol its own people as well as of
the people of the United States, and I stand
here now to speak — speak proudly and with
confident hope — of the spread of this revolt,
this liberation, to the great stage of the world
it«elf.
"The blinded rulers of Prussia have roused
force* they knew little of — forces which, once
roused, can never be crushed to earth again;
for they have at their heart an inspiration and
a purpose which are deathless and of the very
stuff of triumph!"
MESSAGE TO FOREIGN BORN.
One of the features of the celebration of
July 4, 1918, was the part taken in it by for-
eign-born residents of the United States. These
held gatherings in all parts of the country to
pledge anew their allegiance to the land of
their adoption. To them President Wilson sent
the following message:
"You are met, my fellow citizens, to com-
memorate the Big-rung of that declaration of
independence which marked the awakening- ol
a new spirit in the lives ol nations. Since the
birth of our republic we have seen this spirit
grow. We have heard the demand and watched
the struggle for self-government spread and
triumph among many peoples. We have come
to regard the right to political liberty as the
common right of humankind. Year after year,
within the security of our borders, we have
continued to rejoice in the peaceful increase of
freedom and democracy throughout the world.
And yet now, suddenly, we are confronted with
a menace which endangers everything that we
have won and everything1 that the world has
won.
"In all its old insolence, with all its ancient
cruelty and injustice, military autocracy has
again armed itself against the pacific hopes
of men. Having suppressed self-government
among its own people by an organization main-
tained in part by falsehood and treachery, it has
set out to impose its will upon its neighbors
and upon us. One by one it has compelled
every civilized nation in the world either to
forego its aspirations or to declare war in '
their defense. We find ourselves fighting again
for our national existence. We are face to
face with the necessity ol asserting anew the
fundamental right of free men to make their
own laws and choose their own allegiance, or
else permit humanity to become the victim
of a ruthless ambition that is determined to
destroy what it cannot master,
"Against its threat the liberty loving people
ol the world have risen and allied themselves.
No fear has deterred them and no bribe of
material well being has held them back. They
have made sacrifices such as the world has
never known before, and their resistance in
the lace of death and suffering has proved
that the aim which animates the German ef-
fort can never hope to rule the spirit of man-
kind. Against the horror pi military conquest,
against the emptiness of living in mere bodily
contentment, against the desolation of becom-
ing part of a state that knows neither truth
nor honor, the world has so revolted that even
people long dominated and suppressed by force
have now begun to stir and arm themselves.
"Centuries of subjugation have not destroyed
the racial aspirations ol the many distinct
peoples of eastern Europe, nor have they ac-
cepted the sordid ideals ol their political -and
military masters. They have survived the stow
persecutions ol peace as well as the agonies
of war, and now demand recognition for their
just claims to autonomy and self-government.
Representatives of these races are with you
to-da,y, voicing their Ipyalty to our ideals and
offering their services in the common cause. I
ask you, fellow citizens, to unite with them in
making this our Independence day the first
that shall be consecrated to a declaration ol
independence for all the peoples ol the world."
LABOR DAY MESSAGE.
The following- message on labor and the waf
was written by President Wilson lor publica-
tion on Labor day, Sept. 2. 1918:
"My Fellow Citizens: Labor day, 1918, is
not like any Labor day that we have known.
Labor day was always deeply significant, with
us. Now it is supremely significant. Keenly
as we were aware a year ago ol the enter-
410
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
prise of life and death upon which the nation
had embarked, we did not perceive its mean-
ing1 as clearly as we do now.
"We knew that we were all partners and
must stand and strive together, but we did
not realize as we do now that we are all
enlisted men. members of a single army, of
many parts and many tasks, but commanded
by a single obligation, our faces set toward
a single object.
"We now know that every tool in every
essential industry is a weapon, and a weapon
wielded for the same purpose that an army
rifle is wielded — a weapon which if we were
to lay down no rifle would be of any use.
"And a weapon for what? What is the
•war for? Why are we enlisted? Why should
we be ashamed if we were not enlisted? At
first it seemed hardly more than a war of
defense against the military aggression of Ger-
many. Belgium had been violated. France in-
vaded, and Germany was afield again, as in
1870 and 1866. to work out her ambitions
in Europe: and it was necessary to meet her
force with force. But it is clear now that
it is much more than a war to alter the
balance of power in Europe.
"Germany, it is now plain, was striking1 at
•what free men everywhere desire and must
have — the right to determine their own for-
tunes, to insist upon justice, and to oblige
governments to act fpr them and not for 4he
private and selfish interest of a governing
class. It is a war to make the nations and
peoples of the world secure against every such
power as the German autocracy represents.
"It is a war of emancipation. Not until it
is won can men anywhere live free from con-
"etant fear or breathe freely while they go
about their daily tasks and know that gov-
ernments are their servants, not their masters.
"This is, therefore, the war. of all wars
which labor should support, and support with
all its concentrated power. The world cannot
be safe, men's lives cannot be secure, no man's
rights can be confidently and successfully as-
serted against the rule and mastery of arbi-
trary groups and special interests, so long as
governments like that which, after long pre-
meditation, drew Austria and Germany into
this war are permitted to control the desti-
nies and the daily fortunes of men and na-
tions, plotting while honest men work, laying
the fires of which innocent men. women and
children are to be the fuel.
"You know the nature of this war. It is
a war which industry must sustain. The army
of laborers at home is as important, as essen-
tial, as the army of fighting men in the far
fields of actual battle.
"And the laborer is not only needed as much
as the soldier. It is his war. The soldier is
his champion and representative.
"To fail to win would be to imperil every-
thing that the laborer has striven for and
held dear since freedom first had its dawn
and his struggle for justice began. The sol-
diers at the front know this. It steels their
muscles to think of iL They are crusaders.
They are fighting for no selfish advantage for
their own nation. They would despise any
one whp fought for the selfish advantage of
any nation. They are giving their lives that
homes everywhere, as well as the homes they
love in America, may be kept sac*red and
safe and men everywhere be free, as they
insist upon being free.
"They are fighting for the ideals of their
own land — great ideals, immortal ideals, ideala
which shall light the way for all men to
the places where justice is done and men live
with lifted heads and emancipated spirits.
That is the reason they fight with solemn
joy and are invincible.
"Let us make this, therefore, a day of fresh
comprehension, not only of what we are about,
and of renewed and clear eyed resolution, but
a day of consecration also, in, which we de-
vote ourselves without pause or limit to the
great task of setting our own country and
the whole world free, to render justice to all.'
and of making it impossible for small groups
of political rulers anywhere to disturb our
peace or the peace of the world or in any
way to make tools and puppets of those upon
whose consent and upon whose power their
own authority and their own very existence
depend.
"We may count upon each other. The
nation is of a single mind. It is taking coun-
sel with no special class. It is serving no
private or single interest. Its own mind has
been cleared and fortified by these days which
burn the dross away.
"The light of a new conviction has pene-
trated to every class among us. We realize
as we never realized before that we are com-
rades, dependent upon one another, irresist-
ible when united, powerless when divided.
And so we join hands to lead the world to
a new and better day.
"WOODROW WILSON."
RESTRICTION OF COAL CONSUMPTION.
The following order was issued by Dr. Harry
A. Garfield, United States fuel administrator,
in Washington. D. C.. Jan. 17. 1918:
"United States Fuel Administration, Wash-
ington, D. C., Jan. 17. — Regulation making
provision for a more adeauate supply of fuel
for railroads, domestic consumers, public util-
ities and other uses necessary to the national
security.
"The United States fuel administration, act-
ing under the authority of an executive order
of the president of the United States, dated
Aug1. 23, 1917, appointing said administrator,
in furtherance of the purposes of said order
and of the purposes of the act of congress
therein referred to, approved Aug. 10. 1917.
and finding it essential effectively to carry out
the provisions of this act, to make provisipn
for a more adequate supply of fuel f9r rail-
roads, domestic consumers, public utilities and
for other uses necessary to the national secur-
ity in certain parts of the United States,
hereby makes and prescribes the following
regulations :
"Section 1. Until further order of the
United States fuel administrator, all persons
selling fuel in whatever capacity shall, in fill-
ing their contracts or orders now on hand,
give preference to necessary current require-
ments of: Railroads, domestic consumers,
hospitals, charitable institutions, army and
navy cantonments, public utilities, by-product
coke plants supplying gas for household use.
telephone and telegraph plants, shipping for
bunker purposes, the United States for strictly
governmental' purposes (not including factories
or plants working on contracts for the United
States), manufacturers of perishable food or
of food for necessary immediate consumption,
and municipal, county or state governments
for necessary public uses.
"Any tonnage remaining after the foregoing
preferred shipments have been made may be
applied in filling any other contracts or orders.
"Sec. 2. On the following days, namely.
Jan. 18. 19, 20. 21 and 22, 1918. the state
fuel administrators and their accredited repre-
sentatives in the various communities in the
territory in which this regulation applies are
hereby empowered and directed to divert such
fuel as arrives in such communities in car-
load lots to meet the current requirements and
to provide an adequate and normal supply for
such consumers of fuel as are specified in
section 1 hereof.
"Sec. 3. On the following days, namely. Jan.
18. 19. 20. 21 and 22. 1918, and, also, on
each and every Monday beginning' Jan. 28.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
411
1918, and continuing- up to and including-
March 25. 1918, no manufacturer or manu-
facturing- plant shall burn fuel or use power
derived from fuel for any purpose, with the
following- exceptions :
"A. Plants which necessarily must be con-
tinuously operated seven days each week to
avoid serious injury to the plant itself or its
contents may use only such quantities of
fuel as is necessary to prevent such injury
to the plant or its contents.
"B. Manufacturers or plants manufacturing-
perishable foods or foods for necessary im-
mediate consumption;
"C. Manufacturers of food not perishable
and not necessary for immediate consumption
may burn fuel to the extent authorized by
the fuel administrator of the state in which
such plant is located or by his duly author-
ized representative upon application by the
United States food administrator;
"D. Plants necessary to the printing- and
publication of daily papers may burn fuel
or use power derived therefrom as usual,
except that on every Monday from Jan. 21
to March 25, 1918, inclusive, they may burn
fuel or use power derived therefrom only
to such extent as is necessary to print and
publish such editions as such plants custom-
arily print and publish on legal holidays
other than the Sabbath: or, if such plants
do not customarily print or publish any edi-
tions on such legal holidays, they may burn
fuel or use such power to such extent as is
necessary to issue one edition on the said
Mondays;
"E. Printing1 establishments may burn fuel
on Jan. 18. 19, 20. 21 and 22, 1918, to such
extent as is necessary to issue current num-
bers of magazines and other publications
periodically issued.
"Sec. 4. On each Monday, beginning- Jan.
21, 1918, and continuing up to and includ-
ing- Monday, March 25, 1918. no fuel shall
be burned (except to such extent as is es-
sential to prevent injury to property from
freezing-) for the purpose of supplying- heat
lor:
"A. Any business or professional offices, ex-
cept offices used by the United States, state,
county or municipal governments, transporta-
tion companies, public utility companies, tel-
ephone or telegraph companies, banks, trust
companies, physicians or dentists.
"B. Wholesale or retail stores, or any other
Btores. business houses or business buildings
whatever, except that for the purpose of sell-
ing- food only, stores may maintain necessary
heat on any of the specified days until 12
o'clock noon: and except that for the pur-
pose of selling- drugs and medical supplies
only, stores may maintain necessary heat
throughout the day and evening.
"C. Theaters, moving picture houses, bowl-
ing- alleys., billiard rooms, private or public
dance halls, or any other place of public
amusement.
"Sec. 5. On each Monday beginning- Jan. 21,
1918. and continuing up to and including-
March 25, 1918,_ no fuel shall be burned for
the purpose of heating- rooms in which intox-
icating liquor is sold or served on those days.
"Nothing in this regulation shall be con-
strued to forbid the heating of restaurants,
hotels or other places in which meals are
served, but in which no intoxicating liquor is
sold or served on the said Mondays.
"Sec. 6. No fuel shall be burned on any of
the Mondays specified in the foregoing- sec-
tion for the purpose of supplying power for
the movement of surface, elevated, subway or
suburban cars or trains in excess of the
amount used on the Sunday previous thereto.
"Sec. 7. Nothing- in this regulation shall be
construed to apply to or affect the operation
Of any mine or plant producing fuel, nor shall
this reg-ulation be construed to forbid the
heating- of such rooms or offices, or such por-
tions of building-s as are used in connection
with the production, transportation or dis-
tribution of fuel.
"Sec. 8. State fuel administrators and their
representatives specifically authorized so to do
are hereby empowered to grant such relief
as may be essential to prevent injury to
health or to prevent destruction of or in-
jury to property by fire or freezing-.
"Sec. 9. This reg-ulation is effective through-
out the United States east of the Mississippi
river, including- the whole of the states of
Louisiana and Minnesota.
"Sec. 10. Any person, firm, association or
corporation which violates or refuses to con
form to the above reg-ulation may be liable
to the penalty prescribed in the aforesaid act
of congress. H. A. GARFIELD,
"United States Fuel Administrator."
EXPLANATION OF ORDER.
Twenty-four hours' notice of the coal order
was given the region affected, a summary of
the order being issued Jan. 16, tog-ether with
an explanatory statement by the fuel ad-
ministrator as to the necessity of the step.
This summary was superseded Jan. 17 by the
foreg-oing- official order and a new and more
detailed statement was given out by Dr.
Garfield, in which he set forth his reasons for
shutting- down practically all the great in-
dustries of the country. This statement fol-
lows:
"The most urgent thing- to 'be done is to
send to the American forces abroad and to
the allies the food and war supplies which
they vitally need. War munitions, food, man-
ufactured articles of every description, lying-
in Atlantic ports in tens of tlmusands of tons,
where literally hundreds of ships, l9aded with
war g-oods for our men and the allies, cannot
take the seas because their bunkers are empty
of coal. The coal to send them on their way
is waiting- behind the congested freight that
has jammed all terminals.
"It is worse than useless to bend our ener-
gies to more manufacturing when what -we
have already manufactured lies at tidewater
cong-esting- terminal facilities, jamming the
railroad yards and sidetracks for long dis-
tances back into the country. No power on
earth can move this freight into the war
zone where it is needed until we supply the
ships with fuel.
"Once the docks are cleared of the valu-
able freig-ht for which our men and associ-
ates in the war now wait in vain, then again
our energies and power may be turned to
manufacturing-, more efficient than ever, so
that a steady and uninterrupted stream of
vital supplies may be this nation's answer to
the allies' 'cry for help.'
"It has been excess of production, in our
wartime speeding- up, that has done so much
to cause congestion on our railroads: that has
filled the freight yards to overflowing; that
has cluttered the docks of our Atlantic ports
with goods waiting- to go abroad. At tide-
water the flood of freight has stopped. The
ships were unable to complete the journey
from our factories to the war depots behind
the firing line.
"Added to this has been difficulty of trans-
porting coal for our own domestic needs.
"On top of these difficulties has come one
of the most terribly severe winters we have
known in years.
"The wheels were choked and stopped: zero
weather and snowbound trains: terminals
congested: harbors with shipping- frozen in:
rivers and canals unpassable — it was useless
to continue manufacture and pile confusion
on top of confusion.
"A clear line from the manufacturing- es-
tablishments to the seaboard and beyond:
that was the imperative need. It was like
soldiers marching- to the front. The men in
the foremost ranks must have room to move.
412
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
"More than a shock was needed to make
a way through that congestion at the ter-
minals and on the docks so iliat the aid so
vitally needed by the allies could get through.
"The incidental effect of this transportation
situation on coal production has been disas-
trous. There is and always has been plenty
oi fuel but it cannot be moved to those
places where it is so badly needed while rail-
road lines and terminals are choked.
"Throughout the coal fields scores, even
hundreds, of mines are lying idle because of
railroad inability to supply the cars to carry
away their product. Coal mines cannot oper-
ate without cars. Cars cannot be supplied
while the railroads are crippled by the pres-
ent freight congestion, which keeps idle
cars lying useless in the freight yards.
"In the last week the production of coal has
been disastrously reduced. Reports in some
cases have shown 90 per cent of the mines
in certain fields closed completely for lack of
cars
"This is -war. "Whatever the cost we must
pay so that in the face of the enemy there
can never be the reproach that we held back
from doing our full share. Those ships laden
with our supplies of food for men and food
for guns must have coal and put to sea."
PROTESTS IN VAIN.
While the industries affected announced
their willingness to obey the order there were
many vigorous protests from those who be-
lieved that the end sought could be achieved
by less drastic means or that a longer notice
should have been given so that the industries
might have had time to adjust themselves
to the new situation. The United States sen-
ate on Jan. 17 passed the following resolu-
tion by a vote of 50 to 19:
"Resolved, That the fuel administrator of
the United States be and is hereby requested
to delay for five days the order suspending the
operation of industrial plants in portions of
the United States, in order that the protests
may be heard, investigation made and info»-
mation presented."
In spite of this the order, with the approval
of President Wilson, went into effect at the
time designated.
PRESIDENT SUSTAINS GARFIELD.
On the evening of Jan. 18 President Wilson
issued the following statement in support of
Dr. Garfield's coal order:
"I was, of course, consulted by Mr. Garfield
before the fuel order of yesterday was issued
and fully agreed with him that it was neces-
sary, much as I regretted the necessity.
"This war calls for many sacrifices, and sac-
rifices of the sort called for by this order
are infinitely less than sacrifices of life which
might otherwise be involved.
"It is absolutely necessary to get the ships
away, it is absolutely necessary to relieve the
congestion at the ports and upon the rail-
ways, it is absolutely necessary to move great
quantities of food, and it is absolutely neces-
sary that our people should be warmed in
their homes if nowhere else, and half-way
measures would not have accomplished the
desired ends.
"If action such as this had not been taken,
we should have limped along from day to day
with a slowly improving condition of affairs
with regard to the shipment of food and coal,
but without such immediate relief as had
become absolutely necessary because of the
congestions of traffic which have been piling
up for the last few months.
"I have every confidence that the results of
action of this sort will justify it and that
the people of the country will loyally and
patriotically respond to necessities of this
kind as they have to every other sacrifice
involved in the war.
"We are upon a war footing, and I am con-
fident that the people of the United States
are willing to observe the same sort of dis-
cipline that might be involved in the actual
conflict itself."
RAILROADS IN GOVERNMENT CONTROL.
Because of conditions created by the war all
the railroad and steamship lines of the United
States passed into the control of the govern-
ment at noon Dec. 28. 1917i. Before issuing a
formal proclamation taking' over the railroads
President Wilson made public the following ex-
planation of the act:
"I have exercised the powers over the trans-
portation systems of the country which were
granted me by act of congress of August,
1916, because it has become imperatively nec-
essary for me to do so.
"This is a war of resources no less than of
men, perhaps even more than of men, and it
is necessary for the complete mobilization of
our resources that the transportation systems
of the country should be organized and em-
ployed under a single authority and a simpli-
fied method of co-ordination which have not
proved possible under private management and
control.
"The committee of railway executives who
have been co-operating with the government in
this all-important matter have done the ut-
most that it was possible for them to do;
have done it with patriotic zeal and with great
ability but there were difficulties, that they
could neither escape nor neutralize.
"Complete unity of administration in the
present circumstances involves upon occasion
and at many points a serious dislocation of
earnings, and the committee was, of course,
without power or authority to rearrange
charges or effect proper compensations and ad-
justments of earnings. Several roads which
were willingly and with admirable public spirit
accepting the orders of the committee have
nlready suffered from these circumstances and
should not be required to suffer further.
"In mere fairness to them the full authority
of the government must be substituted. The
government itself will thereby gain an immense
increase of efficiency in the conduct of the war
and of the innumerable activities upon which
its successful conduct depends.
"The public interest must be first served, and.
in addition, the financial interests of the goy«
eminent and the financial interests of the rail-
ways must be brought under a common direc-
tion. The financial operations of the railways
need not then interfere with the borrowings of
the government, and they themselves can be
conducted at a greater advantage.
"Investors in railway securities may rest as-
sured that their rights and interests will be as
scrupulously looked after by the government
as they could be by the directors of the several
railway systems. Immediately upon the reas-
sembling of congress I shall recommend that
these definite guaranties be given:
"First, of course, that the railway properties
will be maintained during the period of federal
control in as good repair and as complete
equipment as when taken over by the govern-
ment: and.
"Second, that the roads shall receive a net
operating income equal in each case to the
average net income of the three years preced-
ing June 30, 1917.
"And I am entirely confident that the con-
gress will be disposed in this case, as in others,
to see that justice is done and full security as-
sured to the owners and creditors of the great
systems which the government must now use
under its own direction or else suffer serious
embarrassment.
"The secretary of war and I are agreed that,
all the circumstances being taken into consid-
eration, the best results can be obtained under
the immediate executive direction of the Hon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
413
William G. McAdoo. whose practical experi-
ence peculiarly fits him for the service and
whose authority as secretary of the treasury
will enable him to co-ordinate as no other man
could the many financial interests which will
be involved and which might, unless sys-
tematically directed, suffer very embarrassing1
entanglements.
"The government of the United States is the
only great government now engaged in the war
which has not already assumed control oi this
sort. It was thought to be in the spirit of
American institutions to attempt to do every-
thing that was necessary through private man-
agement, and if zeal and ability and patriotic
motive could have accomplished the necessary
unification of administration it would certainly
have been accomplished, but no zeal or ability
could overcome insuperable obstacles, and I
have deemed it my duty to recognize that fact
in all candor, now that it is demonstrated, and
to use without reserve the great authority re-
posed in me.
"A great national necessity dictated the ac-
tion and I was therefore not at liberty to ab-
stain from it."
FORMAL PROCLAMATION.
President Wilson in his formal proclamation
%rsi quotas the acts of congress declaring war
on Germany (Apiil 6, 1917) and on Austria-
Hungary (Dec. 7. 1917) and then continues:
"And. whereas, it is provided by section 1
oi the act approved Aug. 29, 1916. entitled
'An act making appropriations for the support
of the army lor the fiscal year ending June 30,
1917, and for other purposes.' as follows:
" The president, in time of war, is empowered,
through the secretary of war. to take posses-
sion and assume control of any system or sys-
tems of transportation, or any part thereof,
and to utilize the same, to the exclusion as far
as may be necessary of all other traffic thereon,
for the transfer or transportation of troops.
war material and equipment, or for such other
purposes connected with the emergency as may
be needful or desirable': and
"Whereas, It has now become necessary
in the national defense to take possession and
assume control of certain systems of transpor-
tation and to utilize the same, to the exclusion
as far as may be necessary of other than war
traffic thereon, for the transportation of
troops, war material and equipment therefor,
and for other needful and desirable purposes
connected with the prosecution of the war;
"Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, presi-
dent of the United States, under and by virtue
of the powers vested in me by the foregoing
resolutions and statute, and by virtue of all
other powers thereto me enabling, do hereby,
through Newton D. Baker, secretary of war.
take possession and assume control at 12
o'clock noon on the 28th day of December,
1917. of each and every system of transporta-
tion and the appurtenances thereof located
wholly or in part within the boundaries of the
continental United States and consisting of
railroads, and owned or controlled systems of
coastwise and inland transportation, engaged in
general transportation, whether operated by
steam or by electric power, including also
terminals, terminal companies and terminal as-
sociations, sleeping and parlor cars, private
cars and private car lines, elevators, ware-
houses, telegraph and telephone lines and all
other equipment and appurtenances commonly
used upon or operated as a part of such rail
or combined rail and water systems of trans-
portation— to the end that such systems of
transportation be utilized for the transfer and
transportation of troops, war material and
equipment, to the exclusion so -ar as may be
necessary of all other traffic tnereon; and that
so far as such exclusive use De not necessary
or desirable, such systems of transportation be
operated and utilized in the performance of
such other services as the national interest
may require and the usual and ordinary busi-
ness and duties of common carriers.
"It is hereby directed that the possession,
control, operation and utilization of such trans-
portation systems hereby by me undertaken
shall be exercised by -and through William G.
McAdoo, who is hereby appointed and desig-
nated director-general of railroads. Said direc-
tor may perform the duties imposed upon him.
so long and to such extent as he shall deter-
mine, through the boards of directors, receiv-
ers, officers and employes of said systems of
transportation.
"Until and except so far as said director
shall Irom time to time by general or special
orders otherwise provide, the boards of direc-
tors, receivers, omcers and employes of the
various transportation systems shall continue
the operation thereof in the usual and ordinary
course of the business of common carriers, in
the names of their respective companies.
"Until and except so far as said director shall
from time to time otherwise by general or spe-
cial orders determine, such systems of transp~or-
tation shall remain subject to all existing
statutes and orders of the interstate commerce
commission and to all statutes and orders of
regulating commissions of the various states
in which said systems or any part thereof may
be situated. But any orders, general or spe-
cial.'hereaiter made by said director shall have
paramount authority and be obeyed as such.
''Nothing herein shali be construed as now
affecting the possession, operation and control
of street electric passenger railways, including
railways commonly called interurban, whether
such railways be or be not owned or controlled
by such railroad companies or systems. By
subsequent order and proclamation, if and
when it shall be found necessary or desirable,
possession, control or operation may be taken
of all or any part of such street railway sys-
tems, including subways and tunnels, and by
subsequent order and proclamation possession,
control and operation in whole or in part may
also be relinquished to the owners thereof of
any part of the railroad system or rail and
water systems, possession and control of which
are hereby assum-d.
"The director shall as soon as may be after
having assumed such possession and control
enter upon negotiations with the several com-
panies looking to agreements for just and rea-
sonable compensation for the possession, use
and control of their respective properties on
the basis of an annual guaranteed compensa-
tion, above accruing depreciation and the main-
tenance of their properties, equivalent, as near-
ly as may be, to the average of the net oper-
ating income thereof for the three year period
ending June 30, 1917 — the results of such ne-
gotiations to be reported to me for such action
as may be appropriate and lawful.
"But nothing herein contained, expressed
or implied, or hereaftnr done or suffered here-
under. shall be deemed in any way to impair
the rights of stockholders, bondholders, cred-
itors and other persons having interests in said
systems of transportation or in the profits
thereof, to receive just and adequate compen-
sation for the use and control and operation
of their property hereby assumed.
"Regular dividends hitherto declared, and
maturing interest upon bonds, debentures and
other obligations may be paid in due course,
and such regular dividends and interest may
continue to be paid until and unless the said
director shall from time to time otherwise by
general or special orders determine, and, sub-
ject to the approval of the director, the vari-
ous carriers may agree upon and arrange for
the renewal and extension of maturing obliga-
tions.
"Except with the prior written assent of
said director, no attachment by mesne process
or on execution shall be levied on or against
any of the property used by any of the said
transportation systems in the conduct of their
business as common carriers, but suits may be
brought by and against said carriers and judg-
ments rendered as hitherto until and except so
414
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
far as said director may, by general or special
orders, otherwise determine.
"From and after 13 o'clock on said 28th day
of December, 1917. all transportation systems
included in this order and proclamation shall
conclusively be deemed within the possession
and control of said director without further
act or notice. But for the purpose of account-
ing- said possession rnd control shall date from
12 o'clock midnight on Dec. 31, 1917.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
"Done by the president, through Newton D.
Baker, secretary of war, in the District of Co-
lumbia, this 26th day of December, in the year
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and
seventeen, and of the independence of the
United States the one hundred and forty-second.
"WOODROW WILSON.
"NEWTON D. BAKER.
"Secretary of War.
"ROBERT LANSING.
"Secretary of State."
OLD WAR BOARD GOES OUT.
On Dec. 31 the five members of the rail-
roads' war board, which attempted to unify
the roads under private control, offered their
resignations, which were accepted. Director-
General McAdoo then appointed a temporary
advisory committee consisting of the following:
John Skelton Williams, controller of the cur-
rency.
Hale Holden, president of the Burlington sys-
tem.
Henry Walters, chairman of the board of the
Atlantic Coast line.
Edward Chambers, former traffic manager of
the Santa Fe system.
Walker D. Hines, ex-offlcio chairman of the
executive committee of the Santa Fe.
WILSON'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.
President Wilson, at a joint session of the
houses of congress Jan. 4. 1918, made the fol-
lowing recommendations for carrying out gov-
ernment operation of railroads:
"Gentlemen of the Cpngress: I have asked
the privilege of addressing you in order to re-
port that on the 28th day of December last,
during the recess of congress, acting through
the secretary of war and under the authority
conferred upon me by the act of congress ap-
proved Aug. 29, 1916, I took possession and
assumed control of the railway lines of the
country and the systems of water transporta-
tion under their control. This step seemed to
be imperatively necessary in the interest of the
public welfare, in the presence of the great
tasks of war -with which we are now dealing.
"As pur experience develops difficulties and
makes it clear what they are, I have deemed it
my duty to remove those difficulties wherever
I have the legal power to do so. To assume
control of the vast railway systems of the
country is, I realize, a very heavy responsibil-
ity, -but to fail to do so in the existing circum-
stances would have been a much greater. I
assumed the less responsibility rather than the
greater.
"I am sure that I am speaking the mind of
all thoughtful Americans when I say that it is
our duty as the representatives of the nation
to do everything that it is necessary to do to
secure the complete mobilization of the whole
resources of America by as rapid and effective
a means as can be found. Transportation' sup-
plies all the arteries of mobilization. Unless it
be under a single and unified direction the
whole process of the nation's action is embar-
rassed.
"It was in the true spirit of America, and it
was right, that we should first try to effect the
necessary unification under the voluntary ac-
tion of those who were in charge of the great
railway properties, and we did try it. The di-
rectors of the railways responded to the need
promptly and generously.
"The group of railway executives who were
charged with the task of actual co-ordination
and general direction performed thei'r difficult
duties with patriotic zeal and marked ability,
as was to have been expected, and did, I be-
lieve, everything that it was possible for them
to do in the circumstances. If I have taken
the task out of their hands it has not been be-
cause of any derekction or failure on their
part, but only because there were some things
which the government can do and present man-
agement cannot. We shall continue to value
most highly the advice and assistance of these
gentlemen, and I am sure we shall not find
them withholding it.
"It has become unmistakably plain that only
under government administration can the en-
tire equipment of the several systems of trans-
portation be fully and unreservedly thrown into
a common service without injurious discrimi-
nation against particular properties. Only un-
der government administration can an abso-
lutely unrestricted and unembarrassed common
use be made of all tracks, terminals, terminal
facilities and equipment of every kind. Only
under that authority can new terminals be con-
structed and developed without regard to the
requirements or limitations of particular roads.
But under government administration all these
things will be possible — not instantly, but as
fast as practical difficulties which cannot be
merely conjured away give way before the new
management.
"The common administration will be carried
out with as little disturbance of the present
operating organizations and personnel of the
railways as possible. Nothing will be altered
or disturbed which it is not necessary to dis-
turb. We are serving the public interest and
safeguarding the public safety, but we are also
regardful of the interest of those by whom
these great .properties are owned and glad to
avail ourselves of the experience and trained
ability of those who have been managing them.
It is necessary that the transportation of troops
and of war materials, of food and of fuel, and
of everything that is necessary for the full mo-
bilization of the energies and resources of the
country,, should be first considered, but it is
clearly in the public interest also that the ordi-
nary activities and the normal industrial and
commercial life of the country should be inter-
fered with and dislocated as little as possible,
and the public may rest assured that the in-
terest and convenience of the private shipper
will be as carefully served and safeguarded as
it is possible to serve and safeguard it in the
present extraordinary circumstances.
"While the present authority of the executive
suffices for all purposes of administration and
while, of course, all private interests must for
the present give way to the public necessity, It
is. I am sure you will agree with me, right
and necessary that the owners and creditors of
the railways, the holders of their stocks and
bonds, should receive from the government an
unqualified guaranty that their properties will
be maintained throughout the period of federal
control in as good repair and as complete
equipment as at present, and that the several
roads will receive under federal management
such compensation as is equitable and just
alike to their owners and to the general public.
"I would suggest the average net railway
operating income of the three years ending June
30, 1917. I earnestly recommend that these
guaranties be given by appropriate legislation
and given as promptly as circumstances permit.
"I need not point out the essential justice of
such guaranties and their great influence and
significance as elements in the present financial
and industrial situation of the country. In-
deed, one of the strong arguments for assum-
ing control of the railroads at this time is the
financial argument. It is necessary that the
values of railway securities should be justly
and fairly paid and that the large financial
operations every year necessary in connection
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
416
with the maintenance, operation and develop-
ment of the roads should, during1 the period of
the war, be wisely , related to the financial
operations of the government.
"Our first duty is. of course, to conserve the
common interest and the common safety and
to make certain that nothing; stands in the
way of the successful prosecution of the great
war for liberty and justice, but it is an obliga-
tion of public conscience and at public honor
that the private interests we disturb should be
kept safe from unjust injury, and it is of the
utmost consequence to the government itself
that all great financial operations should be
stabilized and co-ordinated with the financial
operations of the government. Ko borrowing1
should run athwart the borrowing's of the fed-
eral treasury and no fundamental industrial
values should anywhere be \innecessarily im-
paired. In the hands of many small investors
in the country, as well as in national banks,
in insurance companies, in saving's banks, in
trust companies, in financial ag-encies of every
kind, railway securities, the sum total of
which runs up to some $10,000,000,000 or
811.000.000,000, constitute a vital part of the
structure of credit, and the unquestioned solid-
ity of that structure must be maintained.
"The secretary of war and I easily agreed
that, in view ol the many complex interests
which must be safeguarded and harmonized, as
well as because of his exceptional experience
and ability in this new field of governmental
action, the Hon. William G. McAdoo was the
right man to assume direct administrative con-
trol of this new executive task. At our re-
quest he consented to assume the authority
and duties of organizer and director-general of
the new railway administration. He has as-
sumed those duties and his work is in active
progress.
"It is probably top much to expect that even
under the unified railway administration which
will now be possible sufficient economies can
be effected in the operation of the railways to
make it possible to add to their equipment and
extend their operative facilities as much as the
present extraordinary demands upon their use
will render desirable, without resorting to .the
national treasury lor the funds. II it is not
possible, it will, of course, be necessary to re-
sort to the congress for grants of money for
that purpose. The secretary ol the treasury
will advise with your committee with regard to
this very practical aspect of the matter. For
the present, I suggest only the guaranties I
have indicated and such appropriations as are
necessary at the outset of this task. I take
the liberty ol expressing the hope that the
congress may grant these promptly and un-
grudgingly. We are dealing with great matters
and will, I -am sure, deal with them greatly."
Congress enacted a law providing for the op-
eration of the transportation systems of the
country, the measure being approved by the
president March 21. (See "Work of 66th Con-
gress," page 370, in this volume.)
WAGE COMMISSION AND BOARD.
Director-General MeAdoo announced Jan. 18
the appointment of a railroad wage commis-
sion of four public men to determine the wages
of the different classes of labor on the rail-
roads. The men chosen were:
Franklin K. Lane, secretary of the interior.
C. C. McChord, interstate commerce commis-
sioner.
J. Harry Covington, chief justice ol the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
William R. Willcox. lawyer. New York. N. Y.
WAGES INCREASED.
In accordance with recommendations made
by the commission the railroad administra-
tion issued an order (No. 27) on May 25,
1918, establishing new rates of pay effective
from Jan. 1, 1918, and recognizing the princi-
ple of the basic eight-hour day. This order
affected chiefly engineers, firemen, conductors,
brakemen, flagmen and other employes in the
operating department. Orders increasing the
wages of other railroad employes were issued
Sept. 5, more than 1,000,000 men being af-
fected. Generally speaking, the wage increases
as compared with the wages paid Jan. 1. 1918.
amounted to $25 a month for employes paid
on the monthly basis and 12 cents an hour for
those paid on the hourly basis. The wages ol
Pullman employes were subsequently raised on
the same basis as those of other railroad em-
ployes.
By the order of May 25 a board of railroad
wages and working conditions was created, con-
sisting of G. H. Sines, F. H. Gaines, J. J. Der-
mody, C. E. Lindsey, W. E. Morse and A. O.
Wharton.
RATES AND FARES INCREASED.
By an order (No. 28) issued May 25, 1918.
the railroad administration increased freight
and passenger rates in order to meet the heav-
ier expenses under increased wages and the
higher cost ol coal and other articles consumed
by the railroads. The new freight rates went
into effect June 25 and the passenger lares on
June 10. Class rates were increased 25 per
cent, the increase also applying to commodity
rates generally, except the commodities ol which
there is a heavy movement on which certain
amounts were added and specific rates were
fixed.
Passenger lares were advanced to 3 cents a
mile lor one-way travel in day coaches. Round
trip tourist rates were also increased. Officers,
enlisted men and nurses ol the United States
army, navy and marine corps when traveling
in uniform at their own expense were given a
rate of 1 cent a mile. This reduced rate also
applied to union and conlederate veterans at-
tending their national encampment in 1918:
the rate to state encampments was fixed at 2
cents a mile. Commutation lares were ad-
vanced . 10 per cent. Passengers traveling in
standard sleeping and parlor cars were required
to pay an additional passage charge ol 16%
per cent ol the normal one-way fare and pas-
sengers traveling in tourist sleeping cars an
additional charge ol 8% per cent ol the normal
one-way lare. These charges were in addition
to those required lor the occupancy ol berths
in sleeping cars or seats in the parlor cars.
The rates on excess baggage were also in-
creased.
MEASURES OF ECONOMY.
By an order issued Jan. 28, 1918, the rail-
road administration prohibited railroads Irom
making payments to agents or other persons
employed to affect legislation; to attorneys not
actually engaged in necessary work; to persons
or agencies constituting associations oi car-
riers unless approved by the director-general
and to any person lor political services.
The administration also issued an order May
21 substituting federal managers lor railway
presidents.
Union ticket offices were established in the
large cities where under the old system the va-
rious lines maintained their own ticket offices.
RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION.
The railroads since the government assumed
control have been under the administration ol
Director-General McAdoo and a staff ol assist-
ants in Washington, D. C., and ol federal man-
agers appointed by the director-general for re-
gional districts. The principal officials of the
central administration in 1918 were:
Director-General—William G. McAdoo.
Assistant to Director-General — Oscar A. Price.
Assistant Director-General — Walker D. Hines.
General Counsel, Division ol Law — John Bartda
Payne.
Director Division of Capital Expenditure-
Robert S. Lovett.
Director Division ol Finance and Purchases —
John Skelton Williams.
416
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Director Division of Public Service — Charles A.
Prouty.
Director of Division of Operation — Carl R. Gray.
Chairman Board of Wages and Working Condi-
tions— G. H. Sines.
Drector of Division of Labor — W. S. Carter.
Director of Division of Traffic — Edward Cham-
bers.
Manager Coastwise Ship Lines — H. B. Walker.
Manager Troop Movement Section — George
Hodges.
REGIONAL DIRECTORS.
Eastern District— Alfred H. Smith, New York.
N. Y,
Northwestern District — R. H. Aishton, Chicago,
111.
Central Western District — Hale Holden, Chica-
go, 111.
Southern District — B. L. Winchell, Atlanta, Ga.
Southwestern District — 'B. F. Bush, St. Louis,
Mo.
Allegheny District— C. H. Markham, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Pocahontas District — N. D. Maher, Roanoke, Va.
Ohio-Indiana District — H. A. Worcester, Cincin-
nati, O.
New England District— J. H. Hustis, Boston,
Mass.
EXPRESS COMPANIES UNDER FEDERAL
CONTROL.
On May 28, 1918, the four principal express
companies, the Adams, American, Wells-Fargo
and Southern, entered into a contract with the
director-general ol railroads, William G. Mc-
Adoo, providing for the carrying on of the ex-
press business for all the railroads under fed-
eral control, the new express company acting
as the director-general's agent. The contract
was formally signed June 21. The new com-
pany, which assumed the name of the Ameri-
can Railway Express company, put into the
business physical properties of the actual value
of $30,000,000, for which capital stock to
that amount was issued. Under the contract
the government receives 50% per cent of the
gross earnings, the company paying out of the
balance the operating expenses, taxes and a
dividend of 5 per cent on its capital stock.
Out of the next 2 per cent available for dis-
tribution the company and the government
each receive 1 per cent; out of the next 3 per
cent the company gets 1 per cent and the gov-
ernment 2 per cent; any further amounts avail-
able for distribution are divided, one-quarter to
the company and three-quarters to the govern-
ment. Service and rates are under control of
the director-general of railroads.
WAR LABOR ADMINISTRATION.
As a resalt of a series of conferences on
the subject of labor policies, the council of
national defense submitted to the president a
program lor war labor administratipn which
was approved by him and made public Jan. 9,
1918. The secretary of labor was requested
to take charge of the matter and to provide
lor the purpose the following agencies:
1. A means of furnishing adequate and sta-
ble supply of labor to war industries. This
•will include:
(a) A satisfactory system ol labor ex-
changes.
(b) A satisfactory method and administra-
tion ol training ol workers.
(c) An agency lor determiningr priorities ol
labor demand.
(d) Agencies lor dilution of skilled labor
as and when needed.
2. Machinery which will provide lor the
immediate and equitable adjustment ol dis-
putes in accordance with principles to be
agreed upon between labor and capital and
without stoppage ol work. Such machinery
would deal with demands concerning wages,
hours, shop conditions, etc.
3. Machinery lor safeguarding- conditions ol
labor in the production ol war essentials.
This to include industrial hygiene, salety,
woman and child labor, etc.
4. Machinery' lor safeguarding conditions ol
living, including housing, transportation, etc.
5. Fact gathering body to assemble and pre-
sent data, collected through various existing
governmental agencies or by independent re-
search, to furnish the information necessary
lor effective executive action.
6. Information and education division, which
has the functions ol developing sound public
sentiment, securing an exchange ol inlorma-
tion between departments ol labor adminis-
tration, and promotion in industrial plants oi
local machinery helpful in carrying out the
national labor program.
Some ol these agencies already existed in
part in the department ol labor. For exam-
1 pie, the mediation service, the system ol la-
bor exchanges and the bureau ol labor sta-
tistics were utilized
Denying the existence ol a real labor short-
age in the United States and the necessity ol
a conscription ol labor, and asserting that
the solution ol the war labor problem lay in
the proper distribution ol the available supply
ol workers, the department ol labor .announced
that the United States employment service
would serve as the national labor mob uzation
and distribution machine. Allowing lor the
turnover, the department estimated that the
reorganized and expanded lederal service must
place between three and lour million workers
in agriculture, shipbuilding and the other war
industries in 1918.
To successfully handle its task, the employ-
ment service was divorced from the bureau ol:
immigration and made a separate bureau ol the
labor department, and one ol the largest and
most important of the national government's
war prosecuting agencies. John B. Densmore
of Montana, formerly solicitor for the labor de-
partment, was named by Secretary of Labor
Wilson as director of the reorganized service.
For several months the labor department hact
been quietly working to equip the federal em-.
ploVment service to handle the war labor prob-
lem. Funds amounting to more than $1.000,-.
000 were made available and kept the labor
supplying machine in operation until the end ol
the fiscal year in June; $250,000 of the total
was appropriated by congress and the presi-
dent allotted $825,000 more from his war
emergency lund.
The service began covering the entire conti-
nent with a network ol labor exchanges. Fed-
eral, state and municipal employment offices
and the lacilities of the various state councils
of defense were utilized. At the beginning of
the year more than 200 such exchanges were
in operation and the number was being rapidly
increased.
In addition to naming Mr. Densmore director
of the service. Secretary of Labor Wilson ap-
pointed Charles T. Clayton of Maryland assist-
tant director in charge of the field work and
co-operating bodies, and Robert Watson of
Massachusetts assistant director in charge of
administration.
Five divisions handled the detail ol the serv-
ice's national operations. These divisions, with
their chiefs, appointed by Secretary Wilson,
were :
Division ol information. T. V. Powderly of
Pennsylvania, chiel: division of larm service.
A. L. Barkman of Kansas City, Mo., chief:
women's division. Mrs. Hilda Muhlhauser ol
Ohio, chief; division ol reserves, William E.
Hall of New York, chief, and division of inves-
tigation, Alexander D. Chiqueine, Jr., ol Phila-
delphia. Pa., chief. The information and wom-
en's division existed under the former organi-
zation of the federal employment service. Mr.
Hall, chief of the division of reserves, is the
national director of the public service and the
boys' working reserves.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
417
ADVISORY COUNCIL.
On Jan. 15, 1918. the secretary of labor ap-
pointed the following- advisory council to assist
in carrying- out the war labor program:
John Lind, former governor of Minnesota,
representative of the public, chairman.
Waddill Catchings of Alabama, representing
employers.
A. A. Landon of New York, representing- em-
ployers.
John B. Lennon of Illinois, representing- em-
ployes.
John J. Casey of Pennsylvania, representing
employes.
Dr. L. C. Marshall of the University of Chi-
cago, economist.
Agnes Nestor of Illinois, representing women.
The duty of the advisory council, as outlined
by the secretary of labor, was to standardize
labor policies; provide, distribute and maintain
a stable and adequate supply of workers, con-
sider labor dilution and training, priority de-
mands, adjustment of disputes and safeguard
employment generally.
WAR LABOR CONFERENCE BOARD.
On the recommendation of the advisory coun-
cil the secretary of labor called upon the presi-
dent of the American Federation of Labor and
the National Industrial Conference board to
appoint representatives of labor and of capital
for the purpose of reaching an agreement on
the principles and policies that should govern
their relations during the war emergency and
insure the maximum production of war mate-
rials. The presidents of the two organizations
each appointed five men and eaclf of the two
groups chose one additional member to repre-
sent the public. The men selected were as fol-
lows :
Employers.
B. L. Warden. New York city, vice-president
Submarine Boat corporation.
L. F. Loree, 32 Nassau street. New York
city, president Delaware & Hudson company,
chairman of board and executive committee
Kansas City Southern Railroad company, etc.
C. .Edwin Michael, Roanoke, Va., president
Virginia Bridge and Iron company.
Loyall A. Osborne, 165 Broadway. New York
city, vice-president Westinghouse Electric and
Manufacturing- company, chairman executive
committee national industrial conference board.
W. H. Van Dervoort, East Moline. 111., presi-
dent Root & Van Dervoort Engineering- com-
pany.
William Howard Taft, New Haven, Conn.,
former president of the United States, repre-
senting1 the public.
Employes.
William H. Johnston, president International
Association of Machinists.
Frank J. Hayes, Merchants' building-, Indian-
apolis., Ind., president United Mine Workers of
America.
William L. Hutcheson. Carpenters' building,
Indianapolis, Ind.. president United Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Victor A. Olander. 166 West Washington
street, Chicago. 111., representative International
Seamen's Union of America.
T. A. Rickert. 175 West Washington street,
Chicago, 111.. United Garment Workers of
America.
Frank P. Walsh. Kansas City, Mo., former
chairman federal industrial relations commis-
sion, representing the public.
Recommendations of Board.
This board after various conferences submit-
ted the following- report to William B. Wilson,
secretary of labor, March 29, 1918:
Sir: The commission of representatives of
employers and workers, selected in accord with
the suggestion of your letter of Jan. 28, 1918.
to aid in the formulation, in the present emer-
gency, of a national labor program, present to
you. as a result of their conferences, the fol-
lowing:
(a) That there be created, for the period of
the war, a national war labor board of the
same number and to be selected in the same
manner and by the same agencies as the com-
mission making- this recommendation.
(b) That the functions and powers of the
national board shall be as follows:
1. To bring about a settlement, by media-
tion and conciliation, of every controversy aris-
ing between employers and workers in the field
of production necessary for the effective con-
duct of the war.
2. To do the same thing1 in similar contro-
versies in other fields of national activity, de-
lays and obstructions which may, in the opin-
ion of the national board, affect detriment.ally
such productions.
3. To provide such machinery by direct ap-
pointment, or otherwise, for selection of com-
mittees or boards to sit in various parts of the
country where controversies arise, to secure set-
tlement by local mediation and conciliation.
4. To summon the parties to the controversy
for hearing- and action by the national board
in case of failure to secure settlement by local
mediation and conciliation.
Provision for Umpire.
(c) If the sincere and detarmined effort of
the national board shall fail to bring1 about a
voluntary settlement, and the members of the
board shall be unable unanimously to agree
upon a decision, then and in that case and only
as a last resort, an umpire appointed in the
manner provided in the next paragraph shall
hear and finally decide the controversy under
simple rules of procedure prescribed by the na-
tional board.
(d) The members of the national board
shall choose the umpire by unanimous vote.
Failing- such choice, the name of the umpire
shall be drawn by lot from a list of ten suit-
able and disinterested persons to be nominated
for the purpose by the president of the United
States. <
'(e) The national board shall hold its regu-
lar meeting's in the city of Washing-ton, with
power to meet at any other place convenient
for the board and the occasion.
(f) The national board may alter its meth-
ods and practice in settlement of controversies
hereunder, from time to time, as experience
may suggest.
(g-) The national board shall refuse to take
cognizance of a controversy between employer
and workers in any field of industrial or other
activity where there is by agreement or federal
law a means of settlement which has not been
invoked.
(h) The place of each member of the na-
tional board unavoidably detained from attend-
ing1 one or more of its sessions may be filled
by a substitute to be named by such member
as his regular substitute. The substitute shall
have the same representative character as his
principal.
(i) The national board shall have power to
appoint a secretary and to create such other
clerical org-anization under it as may be in its
judgrment necessary for the discharge of its
duties.
(j) The national board may apply to the
secretary of labor for authority to use the ma-
chinery of the department in its work for con-
ciliation and mediation.
(k) The action of the national board may be
invoked in respect to controversies within its
jurisdiction by the secretary pf labor or by
either side in a controversy or its duly author-
ized representative. The board, after summary
consideration, may refuse further hearing if
the case is not of such character or impor-
tance as to justify it.
(1) In the appointment of committees of its
own members to act for the board in greneral
or local matters, and in the creation of local
committees, the employers and the workers
shall be equally represented.
(m) The representatives e2 the public in the
418
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
board shall preside alternately at successive
sessions of the board or as agreed upon.
(n) The board in its mediating1 and con-
ciliatory action, and the umpire in his consid-
eration of a controversy, shall be governed by
the 1 olio wing principles:
Principles to Be Observed.
There should be no strikes or lockouts during
the war.
1. The right of workers to organize in trade
unions and to bargain collectively through
chosen representatives is recognized and af-
firmed. This right shall not be denied, abridged
or interfered with by the employers in any
manner whatsoever.
2. The right of employes to organize in as-
sociations of groups and to bargain collectively
through chosen representatives is recognized
and affirmed. This right shall not be denied,
abridged or interfered with by the workers in
any manner whatsoever.
3. Employers should not discharge workers
for membership in trade unions, nor for legiti-
mate trade union activities.
4. The workers, in the exercise of their right
to organize, shall not use coercive measures
of any kind to induce persons to join their or-
ganizations, nor .to induce employers to bar-
gain or deal therewith.
Existing Conditions.
1. In establishments where the union shop
exists the same shall continue and the union
standards as to wages, hours of labor and other
conditions of employment shall be maintained.
2. In establishments where union and non-
union men and women now work together, and
the employer meets only with employes or rep-
resentatives engaged in said establishments, the
continuance of such condition shall not be
deemed a grievance. The declaration, how-
ever, is not intended in any manner to deny
the right or discourage the practice of the for-
mation of labor unions, or the joining of the
same by the workers in said establishments, as
guaranteed in the last paragraph, nor to pre-
vent the war labor board from urging or any
umpire from granting, under the machinery
herein provided, improvement of their situa-
tion in the matter of wages, hours of labor or
other conditions, as shall be found desirable
from time to time.
3. Established safeguards and regulations lor
the protection of the health and safety of
workers shall not be relaxed.
Women in Industry.
It it shall become necessary to employ wom-
en on work ordinarily performed by men. they
must be allowed equal pay f or equal work and
must not be allotted tasks disproportionate to
their strength.
Hours of Labor.
The basic eight hour day is recognized as ap-
plying in all cases in which existing law re-
quires it. In all other cases the question of
hours of labor shall be settled with due regard
to governmental necessities and the welfare,
health and proper comfort of the workers.
Maximum Production.
The maximum production of all war indus-
tries should be maintained, and methods of
work and operation on the part of employers
or workers which operate to delay or limit pro-
duction, or which have a tendency to artifi-
cially increase the cost thereof, should be dis-
couraged.
Mobilization of Labor.
For the purpose of mobilizing- the labor sup-
ply with a view to its rapid and effective dis-
tribution, a permanent list of the number of
skilled and other workers available in differ-
ent parts of the nation shall be kept on file by
the department of labor, the information to be
constantly furnished:
1. By the trade unions.
2. By state employment bureaus and federal
agencies of like character.
3. By the managers and operators of indus-
trial establishments throughout the country.
These agencies should be given opportunity
to aid in the distribution of labor as necessity
demands.
Custom of Localities.
In fixing wages, hours and conditions of tla-
bor regard should always be had to the labor
standards, wage scales and other conditions
prevailing in the localities affected.
The Living Wage.
1. The right of all workers, including com-
mon laborers, to a living wage is hereby de-
clared.
2. In fixing wages, minimum rates of pay
shall be established which will insure the sub-
sistence of the worker and his family in health
and reasonable comfort.
Frank J. Hayes.
Wm. I>. Hutcheson.
Thomas J. Savage.
Victor A. Olander.
T. A. Rickert.
Frank P. Walsh.
Loyall A. Osborne. -
L. F. Loree.
W. H. Van Dervoort.
C. E. Michael.
B. L. Worden.
William H. Taft.
Wm. H. Johnston.
NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD.
Secretary Wilson approved the report of the
conference board and appointed the members of
the board to serve throughout the war as a
national war labor board. Then President Wil-
son, on April 8. 1918, issued the following
proclamation :
Whereas, in January, 1918. the secretary of
labor, upon the nomination of the president of
the American Federation of Labor and the
president of the national industrial conference
board, appointed a war labor conference board
for the purpose of devising for the period of
the war a method of labor adjustment which
would be acceptable to employers and em-
ployes : and
Whereas, said board has made a report rec-
ommending the creation for the period of the
war of a national war labor board, with the
same number of members as and to be selected
by the same agencies that created the war la-
bor conference board, whose duty it shall be to
adjust labor disputes in the manner specified
and in accordance with certain conditions set
forth in the said report: and
'Whereas, the secretary of labor has, in ac-
cordance with the recommendatym contained
in the report of said war labor conference
board, dated March 29, 1918, appointed as
members of the national war labor board the
Hon. William Howard Taft and the Hon. Frank
P. Walsh, representatives of the general public
of the United States: Messrs. Loyall A. Osborne,
L. F. Loree, W. H. Van Dervoort, C. E. Michael
and B. L. Worden. representatives of the em-
ployers of the United States, and Messrs. Frank
J. Hayes, William L. Hutcheson. William H.
Johnston. Victor A. Olander and T. A. Rickert.
representatives of the employes of the United
States:
Now. therefore, I. Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States of America, do hereby ap-
prove and affirm the said appointments and
make due proclamation thereof and of the fol-
lowing for the information and guidance of all
concerned:
The powers, functions and duties of the na-
tional war labor board shall be: To settle by
mediation and conciliation controversies arising
between employers and workers in fields of
production necessary for the effective conduct
of the war, or in other fields of national ac-
tivity, delays and obstructions in which might,
in the opinion of the national board, affect
detrimentally such production: to provide, by
direct appointment or otherwise, for commit-
tees or boards to sit in various parts of the
country where controversies arise and secure
settlement by local mediation and conciliation,
and to summon the parties to controversies for
hearing and action by the national board in
event of failure to secure settlement by media-
tion and conciliation.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
419
The principles to be observed and the meth-
ods to be followed by the national board in ex-
ercising' such powers and functions and per-
forming1 such duties shall be those specified in
the said report of the war labor conference
board, dated March 29, 1918. a complete copy
of which is hereunto appended.
The national board shall refuse to take cog-
nizance of a controversy between employer and
workers in any field of industrial or other ac-
tivity where there is by agreement or federal
law a means of settlement which has not been
invoked.
And I do hereby urge upon all employers and
employes within the United States the necessity
of utilizing: the means and methods thus pro-
vided for 'the adjustment of all industrial dis-
putes, and request that, during' the pendency of
mediation or arbitration through the said
means and methods, there shall be no discon-
tinuance of industrial operations which would
result in curtailment of the production of war
necessities.
William H. Taft and Prank P. Walsh are
joint chairmen of the board and W. Jett Lauck
secretary.
William P. Harvey of Kansas City, Mo., was
appointed May 17, 1918, as a field representa-
tive of the national war labor board.
War Labor Umpires.
On July 12, 1918. President Wilson named
ten disinterested persons as suitable to act as
umpire when drawn by lot as provided in para-
graph (d) of the war labor conference board:
Henry Ford, Detroit. Mich.
Matthew Hale, Boston. Mass.
James Harry Covington, Washington. D. C.
Charles C. McChord, Washing-ton. D. C.
V. Everit Macy, New York, N. Y.
Julian W. Mack. Chicago, 111.
Henry Suzzallo, Seattle. Wash.
John Lind, Minneapolis, Minn.
William R. Willcox. New York, N. Y.
Walter Clark, Raleigh. N. C.
Method of Procedure.
The national war labor board at a meeting1
held May 14. 1918, agreed upon a plan of pro-
cedure and method in all cases. This plan pro-
vided for the appointment of subcommittees
composed of two members to act for the board
in every local controversy and the appointment
of permanent local committees in cities and dis-
tricts to act in cases therein arising1, and also
comprehended a method of investigating indus-
trial disputes by trained field agents sent out
from Washington. Under the form of proced-
ure adopted the board itself will sit only in
cases when its sections or subcommittees find
it impossible to settle a controversy. In such
cases the board will sit as a board of arbitra-
tion, decide the controversy and make an
award. The board will hear appeals in the fol-
lowing1 cases:
1. Where the principles established by the
president of the United States in his proclama-
tion of April 8. 1918, have been violated.
2. Where an award made by a board has not
been put into effect, or where the employes
have refused to accept or abide by such award.
3. To determine questions of jurisdiction as
between government boards.
Any person desiring to bring1 before the na-
tional war labor board an issue between em-
ployer and employes, of which the board has
cognizance, shall deliver to the secretary of the
board a written statement, signed by him, with
his proper postoffice address at his home and
in Washington. The statement shall contain a
brief description of the grievance and the
names of the persons or corporations against
whom he complains, with their postoffice ad-
Where an employer and employes both desire
to submit a controversy to the board, they shall
sign a short joint statement of the issue be-
tween them, with their respective postoffice ad-
dresses, and request the action of the board.
They shall deliver this signed statement to the
secretary of the board.
Controversies in which the secretary of labor
invokes the action of the board, together with
the documents transmitted by him, shall be de-
livered to the secretary of the board.
WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD.
Under the g-eneral plan of the war labor ad-
ministration a new board was created in the
latter part of May, 1918, to supplement the
work of the national war labor bpard. This
was called the war labor policies board.
Felix Frankfurter, assistant secretary of labor,
was made its chairman. The distinction be-
tween this board and the national war labor
board is that the former is adminstrative and
the second is judicial and legislative — judicial
in the sense that it is a court of appeal where
one or more of its enunciated principles are in-
volved in dispute, and legislative at such times
as the establishment of a new principle to gov-
ern industrial relations is contemplated. The
policies board determines directly for war in-
dustries and indirectly for nonwar industries
all questions involving' the distributipn ot
wages, labor, hours and working1 cpnditions
Its decisions are executed by the various pro-
duction departments of the government, each
of which is represented in its membership.
This execution is direct for all industries en-
gaged in war work. In nonwar industries its
decisions are given effect through the war in-
dustries board, which controls the flow of raw
materials for all industries. The policies board
represents the war department, the navy de-
partment, the department of agriculture, the
Emergency Fleet corporation, the railroad ad-
ministration, the war industries board and the
national war labor board.
Membership of Board.
Chairman — Felix Frankfurter.
Representative of war department — Stanley
King1.
Representative of the navy department — Louis
McH. Howe.
Representative of department of agriculture—
G. I. Christie.
Representative of war industries board — Hugh
Frayne.
Representative of fuel administration — John P.
White.
Representative of United States shipping board
— R. P. Bass.
Representative of Emergency Fleet corporation
— Howard Coonley.
Representative of food administration — M. B.
Hammond.
Representative of railroad administration — W.
T. Tyler.
Representing women's division in department of
labor — Miss Mary Van Kleeck.
DUTCH MERCHANT SHIPS REQUISITIONED.
On March 20, 1918, President Wilson issued
the following- proclamation:
"Whereas, the law and practice of nations
accord to a belligerent power the right in
time of war to take over and utilize neutral
vessels lying within its jurisdiction: and.
"Whereas, the act of congress of June 15,
1917, entitled 'An act making appropriations
to supply deficiencies in appropriation for the
military and naval establishments on account
of war expenses for the fiscal year ending- June
13, 1917, and for other purposes,' confers
upon the president the power to take over the
possession of any vessels within the jurisdic-
tion of the United States for use or operation
by the United States;
"Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, presi-
dent of the United States of America, in ac-
cordance with international law and prac-
tice and by virtue of the act of congress
120
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
aforesaid, and as commander in chief of the
army and navy of the United States, do here-
by find and proclaim that the imperative mili-
tary needs of the United States require the
immediate utilization of vessels of Nether-
lands registry now lying- within the territorial
waters of the United States.
"And I do, therefore, authorize and empower
the secretary of the navy to take over on
behalf of the United States the possession of
and to employ all such vessels of Netherlands
registry as may be necessary for essential pur-
poses connected with the prosecution of the
war against the imperial German government.
"The vessels shall be manned, equipped and
operated by the navy department and the
United States shipping1 board, as may be
deemed expedient; and the United States ship-
ping- board shall make to the owners thereof
full compensation in accordance with the
principles of international law."
In accordance with the proclamation some
seventy-seven ships flying- the Netherlands flag
with an aggreg-ate tonnage of 600,000 were
taken over by the United States navy depart-
ment on the evening of March 20. Corre-
sponding- action was taken by the British gov-
ernment, which requisitioned Dutch merchant
vessels having a total tonnage of 400,000.
President Wilson on the same date issued the
following statement giving a summary of the
negotiations with the Netherlands government
and the reasons making the requisitioning of
the vessels by the United States and its
allies necessary:
"For some months the United States and
the entente allies have been conducting nego-
tiations with the Dutch government with the
object of concluding a general commercial
agreement.
"A clear statement of the character of these
negotiations was made on March 12 to the
Dutch parliament by his excellency the min-
ister of foreign affairs of Holland. As ap-
pears from the statement, the discussion pro-
ceeded upon the basis of two fundamental
propositions^— namely, that the United States
and the allies should facilitate the importa-
tion into Holland of foodstuffs and other
commodities required to maintain her economic
life, and that Holland should restore her mer-
chant marine to a normal condition of ac-
tivity.
"It was the task of the negotiators to de-
velop a specific application of these proposi-
tions which would be acceptable to the gov-
ernments concerned.
"Early in January, 1918, the negotiators
came to an understanding, which was em-
bodied in a tentative agreement which was
submitted to the governments concerned in
order that, if acceptable, it might be ratified,
or. if unacceptable, a counterproposal might
be made.
"The negotiations becoming prolonged, the
Dutch delegates proposed, in order that their
ships might sooner be put into remunerative
service, that Dutch tonnage lying idle in Amer-
ican waters should, with certain exceptions, be
immediately chartered to the United States for
periods not exceeding ninety days. This pro-
posal was accepted by the United States gov-
ernment, and. on Jan. 25, 1918, the Dutch
minister at Washington handed to the secre-
tary of state of the United States a note ex-
pressing the terms of the temporary chartering
agreement and his government's acceptance
thereof.
"This agreement provided, among other
things, that 150.000 tons of Dutch shipping
should, at the discretion of the United States,
be employed partly in the service of Belgian
relief and partly for Switzerland on safe con-
duct to Cette, France, and that for each ship
sent to Holland in the service of Belgian re-
lief a corresponding- vessel should leave Hol-
land for the United States.
"Two Dutch ships in the United States ports
with cargoes of foodstuffs were to proceed to
Holland, similar tonnage being sent in ex-
change from Holland to the United States for
charter as in the case of other Dutch ships
lying in the United States ports.
"The agreement was explicitly temporary in
character, and, being designed to meet an im-
mediate situation, prompt performance was
of the essence.
"The Dutch government at once disclosed,
however, that it was unwilling or unable to
carry out this chartering agreement which it
had itself proposed. The first desire of the
United States was to secure at once shipping,
as contemplated by the agreement to trans-
port to Switzerland foodstuffs much needed by
the state.
"One difficulty after another was, however,
raised to postpone the chartering of Dutch
ships for Swiss relief, and although the rea-
son was never formally expressed, it was
generally known that the Dutch shipowners
feared lest their ships should be destroyed by
German submarines, even if on an errand of
mercy and though not traversing any of the
so-called 'danger zones' proclaimed by the
German government.
"That this fear was not wholly unjustified
has unhappily been shown by the recent act of
the German government in sinking the Spanish
ship Sardinero outside the 'danger zone,' when
carrying a cargo of grain for Switzerland, and
after the submarine commander had ascer-
tained this fact by an inspection of the ship's
papers.
"In respect to Belgian relief, the Dutch gov-
ernment expressed its present inability to com-
ply with the agreement on the ground that
the German government had given Holland to
understand that it would forcibly prevent the
departure from Holland of the corresponding
ships which, under the agreement, were to
leave coincidentally for the United States.
"The Dutch government even felt itself un-
able to secure the two cargoes of foodstuffs
which, under the agreement, it was permitted
to secure, since here again the German gov-
ernment intervened and threatened to destroy
the equivalent Dutch tonnage which under
the agreement was to leave Holland for the
United States.
"Nearly two months have elapsed since the
making of the temporary chartering agree-
ment, and the proposed general agreement has
lain even longer without reply on the part of
Holland. Meanwhile German threats have
grown more violent, with a view to pre-
venting any permanent agreement and of forc-
ing Holland to violate any temporary agree-
ment.
"On March 7, through Great Britain, a final
proposal, expiring on the 18th, was submitted
to Holland. A reply has been received which,
while in itself unacceptable, might under
other conditions have served as a basis for
further negotiations. But the events to which
I have alluded had served to demonstrate con-
clusively that we have been attempting to
negotiate where the essential basis for an
agreement — namely, the meeting of free wills-
is absent. Even were an agreement concluded,
there is lacking that power of independent
action which alone can assure performance.
"I say this not in criticism of the Dutch
government. I profoundly sympathize with
the difficulty of her position under the men-
ace of a military power which has in every
way demonstrated its disdain of neutral rights.
But since coercion does in fact exist, no al-
ternative is left to us but to accomplish,
through the exercise of our indisputable rights
as a sovereign, that which is so reasonable
that in other circumstances we would be con-
fident of accomplishing it by agreement.
"Steps are accordingly being taken to put
into our service Dutch shipping lying within
our territorial jurisdiction. This action on our
part and the similar action which is being:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
taken by governments associated with us
leaves to Holland ample tonnage for her do-
mestic and colonial needs. We have informed
the Dutch government that her colonial trade
will be facilitated and that she may at once
send ships from Holland to secure the bread
cereals which her people require. These ships
will be freely bunkered and will be immune
from detention on our part.
"The liner New Amsterdam, which came
within our jurisdiction under an agreement for
its return, will, of course, be permitted at
once to return ip Holland. Not only so, but
it will be authorized to carry back with it the
two cargoes of foodstuffs which Holland would
have secured under the temporary chartering
agreement had not Germany prevented. Ample
compensation will be paid to the Dutch own-
ers of the ships -which will be put into our
service, and suitable provision will be made
to meet the possibility of ships being lost
thrbugh enemy action.
"It is our earnest desire to safeguard to the
fullest extent the interests of Holland and of
her nationals. By exercising in this crisis our
admitted right to control all property within
our territory we do no wrong to Holland. The
manner in which we proposed to exercise this
right and our proposals made to Holland con-
currently therewith cannot, I believe, fail to
evidence to Holland the sincerity of our friend-
ship toward her. WOODROW WILSON."
DUTCH GOVERNMENT PROTESTS.
In the Staats Courant of March 30, 1018,
the Netherlands government issued the follow-
ing statement:
"The Dutch government and the whole Dutch
people have taken note with painful surprise
of the proclamation and statement of the
president of the United States of March 20
relative to the seizure of part of the Dutch
mercantile marine. The seizure en masse of a
neutral mercantile fleet, although merely for
the duration of the war, is an act which is
indefensible from the point of view of inter-
national law and apart from legal considera-
tions is unjustifiable when taken against a
friendly nation. Furthermore the manner in
which the act of violence is defended in the
president's statement does not contribute to
making it any the less grievous, for the de-
fense has elearly been set up under the in-
fluence of an entirely wrong conception of the
facts.
The manner in which the Dutch mercantile
fleet has been treated for months past in the
United States, the interminable difficulties
placed in the way of our vessels' departure
from American ports, the continually repeated
refusal of bunker coal, the enforced unloading
of cargoes already purchased — all of this may
not be in conflict with the rights of the United
States with the exception of one case, that of
the Zeelandia, which entered an American port
with her own bunker coal and has been de-
tained there illegally ever since, but it was
nevertheless in conflict with the traditional
friendship between the two countries. This,
however, is merely said in passing. On this
point, however, the statement is silent.
According to the presidential statement Hol-
land is said not to have fulfilled entirely, be-
cause of German pressure, the provisional
agreement which has been proposed in order
that, pending a definite agreement relative to
tonnage and the rationing of our country, our
vessels lying in American ports should no
longer lie there idle but be given an opportunity
of ranking a voyage of ninety days at the most.
This is absolutely incorrect, as is the assertion
that Germany is said to have threatened to
sink the two vessels which were to leave here
in return for the two vessels leaving for Hol-
land with America's approval and that Ger-
many made more and more serious threats
in order to prevent compliance with the modus
Vivendi as well as the conclusion of a per-
manent agreement.
The true state of affairs is as follows: After
the war trade board had urged that the Dutch
vessels in American ports should make a voy-
age pending the definite agreement the Dutch
government proposed that some of these ships
should travel in the service of the commission
for relief in Belgium, that work of relief
which the Netherlands has always promoted
with all energy for the sake of the suffering
population of Belgium and northern France.
When the report came that Germany raised
difficulties against America's demand that each
time a Dutch ship should leave here in ex-
change for the departure of a celief ship from
America the Netherlands government was of
the opinion that it was bound in good faith
immediately to warn tho American authorities
in order that the said ships, which were on
their way to Argentina, would be able to
make for some other destination, which had
the direct result that these ships were kept
in the service in exact agreement with the pro-
visional arrangement. And concerning the
sailing of a part of the ships to the French
harbor of Cette. a Swiss. interest which finds
great favor in Holland, the ship owners en-
tirely agreed as soon as France had guaran-
teed that the ships would not be detained in
Cette also. For" this service various vessels
had been chartered. The chartering and sail-
ing of all the ships experienced no serious
delay on account of the said pbjections, while,
for the rest, Germany had no influence whatso-
ever, nor did it attempt to gain any influence
in the carrying out of the provisional arrange-
ment which, moreover, only concerned the
shipping between overseas countries; whatso-
ever really jiid prevent the carrying out of the
provisional agreement was the extremely slow
and sometimes missing overseas telegrams to
and from the pwners. The cause of this is
still enveloped in mystery.
It is a fact that the greater part of the
ships had been chartered under the provisional
arrangement through the intervention of the
so-called war trade board, and a part was
already sailing to South America, but was
again detained while en route by the Amer-
ican authorities while in the Pacific ocean.
The vessels plying between the west coast
of the United States and the Netherlands
Indies continued to sail regularly without any
direct or indirect interference on the part of
the Dutch government. The vessels now taken
in British ports, both in and outside of Europe
and in the Portuguese pprt of St. Vincent,
were prevented from sailing by the British
and Portuguese authorities themselves.
The assertion that Holland was powerless
under German compulsion to fulfill the pro-
visional agreement is, as appears from the
foregoing, contrary to the facts. The inaccu-
rate information furnished the president of the
United States appears unerring on a point of
still greater importance — namely, where men-
tion is made in the statement of the new re-
quirement that the Dutch ships would have
to sail through the danger zone and of the
seizure following upon Holland's reply. After
the inaccurate assertion that Holland was not
able to fulfill the provisional arrangement,
the statement says, without further ado, that
on March 7 last Great Britain made a final
proposal to Holland "to which Holland replied
with a counterproposal that was not accept-
able. Really, so the statement continues, even
if it had come to the effecting of an agree-
ment, the Dutch government would practically
not have been able to carry this out, there-
fore seizure was decided upon.
In this explanation is missing, however
strange this may be, an extremely important?
link that is indispensable in order to put the
matter in its true light. What did really take
place? On Feb. 22 last, with a view to the
threatened need of food here in this country
by the summer, the Dutch government asked
the American government for an advance of
100,000 tons of wheat on the quantity of
422
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
400.000 tons to be definitely fixed. On March
0 the associated governments replied, it is true,
affirmatively with regrard to the 100.000 tons,
although regarding1 the 400,000 tons no defi-
nite answer was given, but to this apparent
accommodation the objectionable condition was
added that the associated governments should
immediately obtain the disposal of the whole
of that part of the Dutch mercantile marine
that according to the London draft agreement,
would eventually come to them on the con-
clusion of a definite arrangement. The Dutch
government, being compelled to do so, in-
tended to agre» to this as, soon as it could
obtain the assurance that not only could it
firmly rely upon the 100.000 tons advance
but also on the full 400.000 tons of grain as
an accepted basis for the definite arrange-
ment. It was able to entertain this stipula-
tion because it was definitely and expressly
fixed at the conversations in London, and also
since then, that the Dutch vessels would only
sail outside of the danger zone and thus need
not in any case perform war services for one
of the contending parties which would not be
compatible with neutrality.
Suddenly, on March 7 last, the London ar-
rangement mentioned was broken when the
agreement with us was withdrawn, which had
been come to on the cardinal point — namely,
that the ships of about 500,000 tons, to be
given up in exchange for the advance of 100,-
000 tons of wheat, should not be used in the
danger zone. The particularly objectionable
character of this lay in the fact that allowing
the use of Dutch vessels in the danger zone
would lead to a breach of neutrality, not on
account of the zone itself — this iias nothing
whatever to do with neutrality— but because
it was clear that sailing through the zone,
situated as it is around the associated coun-
tries of Europe, would mean at all events for
a considerable part the transport of troops
and munitions of war from America to her
allies in Europe; while, moreover, the Dutch
vessels if they were armed would run the
chance of coming into armed conflict with
German war vessels.
Holland as a neutral country could not allow
that her ships should be used in the danger
zone unless the associated governments were
able to guarantee that they would not be
armed and would not carry troops or war
material. On the ground of the foregoing the
argument used in the presidential statement,
according to which seizure was necessary be-
cause Holland was not able to fulfill the obli-
gation entered into, cannot be maintained. It
is contrary to the actual facts pf the case. The
only correct presentation is this: The powers
interested felt themselves compelled, owing to
the loss of ships, to supplement their tonnage
by obtaining the use of a very considerable
number of ships which did not belong to
them but to Holland. It appeared to them
that the Dutch government was not able to
grant permission to its ships to sail for asso-
ciated interests otherwise than upon condi-
tions dictated by neutrality, but in the opin-
i9n of the interested governments not suffi-
ciently in accord with their interests, hence
they decided to proceed to the. seizure 9f the
Dutch mercantile marine, inasmuch as this was
within their power.
The Dutch government considers itself
obliged, especially in such serious -circum-
stances as the present, to speak with great
frankness; it is giving expression to the feel-
ing of the whole of the Dutch people when
it says that it sees in the seizure committed
an act of violence against which it protests
with all the force of its conviction and its
injured national feeling. The statement in the
president's declaration saying that this action
offers Holland in a great measure the oppor-
tunity of providing itself with bread cereals
is only apparently the case. After the ex-
perience obtained with regard to Dutch vessels
in British and American ports it would really
be unwarrantable to allow other ships to
sail to these pprts without a proper guaranty
that this experience would not be repeated.
The American government has always ap-
pealed to right and justice. It has always set
itself up as the protector of small nations.
That it now co-operates in a deed in diamet-
rical opposition to these principles is a man-
ner of acting which cannot be balanced by
any expression of friendship or assurances of
any mild application of the wrong- committed.
SECRETARY LANSING REPLIES.
0n April 13, in reply to the 'foregoing state-
ment. Secretary of State Lansing issued the
following memorandum:
The Netherlands government has issued a
statement relative to the recent action of the
government of the United States in putting
into its service for the period of the present
war emergency certain privately owned vessels
of Netherlands registry lying within the ter-
ritorial jurisdiction of the United States.
While this action is referred to as being in-
defensible from the standpoint of international
law, the statement of the Netherlands govern-
ment does not argue the question of legality.
Nor is this government disposed to do so.
The practice of nations and the opinions of
jurists on the right of a belligerent to utilize
all vessels which come voluntarily and uncon-
ditionally within its jurisdiction are sufficient-
ly well known to render citation of precedent
and authority unnecessary.
But, as the Netherlands government itself
suggests, our action must be subjected to a
finer test than that of mere legality. It mat-
ters very little that our act be legal if, as al-
leged, it violates traditional friendship and is
inconsistent with ideals of right and justice.
The Netherlands government first declares
that the very presence of Dutch ships in our
ports resulted from our detention of them with
an unfriendly hand. While our right to refuse
bunkers and cargo licenses is conceded, friend-
ship, it is said, should have led to the granting
of special privileges in favor of the subjects
of a friendly state. Our own supply of bunker
coal at seaboard has been inadequate for our
pressing national needs. The cargoes which
were demanded were largely of grain, of which
our own reserves are all too low. The bunk-
ers, if granted, would have served to carry thia
grain to the Netherlands where, as events have
demonstrated, it was not then needed and
where it would only have served to release
equivalent foodstuffs for the enemy.
Such action upon our part, whatever its in-
tention, would, in fact, have been an act ben-
eficial to the enemy and having no relation to
our friendship to the Netherlands. The owners
of Dutch ships were, however, unwilling that
their ships should perform any other serv-
ices than those which it was clearly impos-
sible for us to facilitate, and .the ships of this
maritime nation accordingly lay idle for many
months and until the conclusion, on Jan. 25,
1918, of the temporary shipping agreement
which waa proposed by the Netherlands com-
missioners at London and accepted by the
United States as a measure to restore to im-
mediate activity that portion of the Nether-
lands mercantile fleet lying within our waters.
The statement of the Netherlands govern-
ment seems to imply that this agreement was
in fact lived up to by the Netherlands govern-
ment, yet evidence to the contrary is found
in the statement itself, which refers to Ger-
man objections as having prevented perform-
ance by that government of what is erro-
neously referred to as America's demand, but
what was in reality a Netherlands undertak-
ing, that when a Dutch ship left the United
States for the Netherlands a corresponding
Dutch vessel should simultaneously leave the
Netherlands for the United States. Had not
the Netherlands government, under German
threats of violence, which were a matter of
common knowledge, Jelt unable to carry out
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
423
the temporary shipping agreement, it is inex-
plicable that the steamships Samarinda and
Adonis would not have sailed for a Dutch port
with their cargoes of foodstuffs, which under
the agreement the Netherlands was to receive,
and of which it was asserted her people were
in direst need. Indeed, the statement of the
Netherlands minister for foreign affairs made
to parliament on March 12, 1918, if it is
correctly reported to us, sets out in consider-
able detail Germany's objections, which pre-
vented performance of this shipping agree-
ment. As recently as March 14, 1918, after
the Netherlands government had been informed
that the situation had reached a point where
the associated governments could see no alter-
native but requisitioning-, a note was presented
on behalf of the Netherlands government, ex-
pressing the hope that Germany's objections
might still be overcome, so as to permit at
some future date complete performance of this
agreement, which was to have been put into
operation immediately and completely upon its
conclusion nearly two months before.
One year ago the United States abandoned
its neutrality and pledged its entire resources
of life and treasure to insure the triumph of
democracy over autocracy and to assist to
save the world from the blight of militarism.
As a result of a species of naval warfare di-
rected against belligerents and neutrals alike
which the Netherlands government has itself
declared to be illegal, there has during this
period existed a shortage of shipping which
threatens to postpone at frightful cost the
ultimate victory. This has created an emer-
gency which in magnitude and significance has
seldom if ever before been equaled. During
this period there have been lying in ports of
the United States and subject to its jurisdic-
tion and control approximately 500,000 tons
of ships of Netherlands registry. At any time
within a year the United States might have
exercised its right to put these ships into a
service useful to it. Yet it forbore and for
many months patiently negotiated, first in
Washington and then in London, until finally
the temporary agreement of Jan. 25 was en-
tered into. No sooner was this agreement con-
cluded than it broke down under German
threats of violence which overruled the will
of the Netherlands government expressed
therein. Then and then only did the United
States take steps to accomplish through the
exercise of its own right that which it was
hoped could have been accomplished by agree-
ment, and which the Netherlands government
had been willing in part so to accomplish.
The action taken leaves available to the
Netherlands government by far the greater
part of its merchant marine and tonnage,
which, according to estimates of its own offi-
cials, is ample for the domestic and colonial
needs of the Netherlands. Shipping required
for these needs will be free from detention on
our part and will be facilitated by the sup-
plying of bunkers. The balance is being put
into a highly lucrative service, the owners re-
ceiving the remuneration and the associated
governments assuming- the risks involved. In
order to insure to the Netherlands the future
enjoyment of her merchant marine intact, not
only will ships be returned at the termination
of the existing war emergency, but the asso-
ciated governments have offered to replace in
kind rather than in money any vessels which
may be lost by war or marine risk; 100,000
tons of bread cereal, which the German gov-
ernment when appealed to refused to supply,
have been offered to the Netherlands by the
associated governments out of their own inade-
quate supplies, and arrangements are being
perfected to tender to the Netherlands govern-
ment other commodities which they desire to
promote their national welfare and for which
they may freely send their ships.
Tbe statement of the Netherlands govern-
ment explicitly recognizes the traditional friend-
ship of the United States toward its coun-
try. It recognizes that we have heretofore
sought to act in accordance with the dictates
of right and justice, and to champion the in-
terests of smaller nations. It should not.
therefore, hastily be presumed that we hav*
now abruptly repudiated that friendship and
been false to those ideals. It is, in fact, dim.
cult to believe that such a conclusion could
be drawn from this exercise of our rights in
a manner which scrupulously safeguards and
indeed promotes the national interests of the
Netherlands.
NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN TRADE AGREE-
MENT.
It was announced by the United States waf
trade board May 4, 1918, that a general
commercial agreement between the United
States and Norway had been signed by Vance
C. McCormick. chairman of the war trade
board, and Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, special rep-
resentative of the Norwegian government.
The agreement assured to Norway supplies
to cover her estimated needs in so far as they
could be covered without detriment to the
war needs of the United States and its associ-
ates in the war. the understanding being that
none of these supplies imported from the
United States or its associates was to go to
the central powers or to replace commodities
going to those countries. The principal arti-
cles going to Norway are foodstuffs, includ-
ing bread grains, fodder, starches, cocoa, cof-
fee, tea, sirup, spices, fruit, sugar, pork and
beef; oils and fats, rubber tires, silk yarns
and tissues, cotton, wool and flax: metal
working machinery, phosphate rock, hides,
resin, tobacco, iron and steel, copper and lead.
Norway agreed to the unhampered export
to the United States and its associates in the
war of all Norwegian products not needed for
home consumption, particularly of ores and
minerals, chemical and metallurgical products,
timber and wood products, fish and fish prod-
ucts. This covers the regular supply of ni-
trates, iron ore, metals used in hardening
special process steel, timber for mine props,
wood pulp and other exports, particularly for
the European associates of the United States
in the war.
COMMERCIAL AND SHIPPING AGREF.
MENTS WITH DENMARK.
On Sept. 17, 1918. Danish-American commer-
cial and shipping agreements were concluded
between the American war trade board and a
special Danish mission in Washington. The
agreements, which followed the same general
lines as those earlier concluded with the two
other Scandinavian powers, assured to Den-
mark a supply of various foodstuffs, metals,
machinery, textiles, nonedible animal and vege-
table products, chemicals, drugs and other
commodities required for her iteeds in an ag-
gregate quantity of well over 352,000 tons an-
nually.
A number of vessels sufficient to carry the
commodities home* to Denmark were placed at
the disposal of the Danish government.
No articles imported into Denmark under the
provisions of the agreement are to be directly
or indirectly exported from Denmark to the
central powers nor to any neutral country
where such exportation will directly or indi-
rectly serve to release for export to Germany
or her allies any article or commodity of what-
ever origin. Nor shall commodities which the
United States or its associates in the war fur-
nish Denmark be used in the production of any
commodity to be exported to the central pow-
ers. A feature of the agreement was the en-
couragement and facilitation of inter-Scandi-
navian trade under which a considerable pro-
portion of Denmark's exportable surplus will
assist in satisfying the food needs of her neigh-
bors. Norway and Sweden.
424
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
TRADE LEAGUE AFTER THE WAR.
July 14, 1918, Lord Robert Cecil, British
undersecretary of state for foreign affairs, is-
sued the following statement:
"I have been much interested in the series
of addresses and discussions at the recent
meeting's of commercial associations in the
United States, such as the chambers of com-
merce and the foreign trade council, regard-
ing trade after the war. The tone of these
discussions seems to show clearly a desire for
settled arrangements for mutual help between
all the nations now associated in the war
against Germany. These are also our feelings
in Britain, and I should like to make some
acknowledgment of these recent utterances of
prominent American commercial men by trying
to describe roughly the state of British policy
at this moment in regard to such matters.
"The resolutions of the Paris economic con-
ference have been much discussed during the
last two years. When they were written we
had an alliance of eight nations, six of whom
had suffered the immediate ravages of war.
The world outside, including the United States
with its vast resources, was neutral, and nom-
inally, at any rate, the neutral world at the
conclusion of peace would have sold its prod-
ucts where they would have fetched most
money.
"To borrow the plain words of the recent
interallied labor conference, all these vast re-
sources would have gone to those who could
pay most, not to those who would need most,
so the Paris conference was a defensive agree-
ment of those then engaged in the war to
secure their own people against starvation and
unemployment during the period of recon-
struction, and to provide for the restoration
to economic life of the ravaged territories of
Belgium, Poland, Serbia, France, and Italy.
"These objects retain all their old impor-
tance. They are simple measures of self-preser-
vation. It is, for example, still essential that
we should forestall the aggressive efforts of
the central powers to use their money power
to snatch on the morning after the war the
raw materials needed for the reconstruction of
the peoples in the western and eastern theaters
of war whom they have themselves despoiled.
"But, while the essential needs of ourselves
and of the nations which are fighting with us
the battle of liberty and justice remain un-
altered, the alliance of eight has expanded
into the association of twenty-four nations of
which President Wilson spoke in his recent ad-
dress to the Red Cross. It is no longer a
question of forming some . narrow defensive
alliance, but of laying down the economic
principles of the association of nations which
is already in existence, and to membership of
which we are committed.
"What are these principles to be? The presi-
dent has stated them in memorable words.
"Each member of the association of nations
may have to protect its citizens in one way
or another after the war, but our aim must
be a comprehensive arrangement of liberal
intercourse with all members of the associa-
tion by which each one of us, while preserv-
ing' his own national security, may contribute
to meet the needs and aid in the development
of his fellow members. Nor, of course, can
our arrangement for mutual assistance ex-
clude all competition, though we are most
anxious that co-operation should be the key-
note of our commercial relations. Our feel-
ings in this matter cannot be better described
than in the words of James A. Farrell to the
foreign trade council, namely:
" 'The sacrifices that are being cheerfully en-
dured to-day by men engaged in foreign com-
merce in the necessary curtailment of their
business through the conservation of shipping
are an earnest of the elevation of method and
of purpose which will control the conduct of
our external trade in the future.'
"There is but one obstacle to this economic
association of nations. That obstacle is Ger-
many— the Germany described by President
Wilson in the words which I have already
quoted — a Germany living 'under ambitious
and intriguing masters.' You have seen the
provisions of her commercial treaties in the
east, and with all the groups of peoples from
the Arctic ocean to the Black sea. Her eco-
nomic policy toward these groups is absolutely
contrary to our principles. That policy began
by systematic and lawless plundering in Po-
land, in the Ukraine, and elsewhere. Now
everywhere she has legalized this plunder by
placing the weaker nations under onerous
commercial tribute to herself.
"On Lithuania she has imposed her coinage.
From Roumania and the Ukraine she has
exacted a guaranty of supplies irrespective of
their own needs, and at flagrantly unjust rates
of compensation. She has appropriated the
natural resources of Roumania in the form
of a lease to German corporations. On Rus-
sia, Finland, and the Ukraine she has im-
posed unfair and one sided tariff arrangements.
The people of Finland, in fact, find now that
their liberties have been bartered away in an
agreement signed secretly in Berlin, and it is
actually being proposed that thousands of
Finns should be deported to work for German
masters.
"Having1 established control over the Dar-
danelles and the Baltic, Germany has now
brought under her own control the third great
highway of European trade — the Danube— ^by
destroying the international commission which
had long become an established organ of Eu-
ropean polity, and now. in order that there
may not be any mistake as to the significance
of these acts, her foreign minister has declared
that this Roumanian treaty in particular will
be made the precedent and foundation for the
economic terms to be demanded by the central
powers at the general peace.. The significance
of this declaration is evident from Kuehl-
mann's own words, that 'the damages Rouma-
nia will have to pay will amount to a very
considerable sum in the long run. sums which
perhaps do not very substantially differ from
that which might presumably have been ob-
tained by officially demanding a war indem-
nity.' "
TRIAL AND CONVICTION OF I. W. W.
CONSPIRATORS.
William D. Haywood and ninety-nine other
members of the labor organization known as
"Industrial Workers of the World" were found
guilty in the United States District court in
Chicago, Aug. 17, 1918. of disloyal acts against
the government. The defendants and a number
of others were arrested in a nationwide raid
made by secret service agents of the govern-
ment Sept. 2, 1917, when great quantities of
documents in the shape of letters, files and
other printed and written matter revealing the
propaganda of the organization were seized.
The general headquarters of the society was in
Chicago under the charge of William D. Hay-
wood, the secretary-treasurer, and much of the
information used against the defendants was
found here. .
Indictments were found Sept. 28, 1917. py
the federal grand jury for the northern district
of Illinois against 165 men and one woman,
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, under sections 6, 19
and 37 of the criminal code and under section
3 of the espionage act of June 15. 1917. The
defendants were accused of violating the crimi-
nal code by conspiring against the government
and also conspiring to injure citizens in their
civil rights by means of sabotage and similar
nets. They were further charged with violat-
ing the espionage act by discouraging enlist-
ments in the army. The substance of the gov-
ernment's complaint against the I. W. W. was
thus set forth by the prosecuting attorneys:
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOB, 1919.
425
"Boiled down and stated in a few words the
propaganda oi these defendants consists in
these assertions: 'We are going to take pos-
session of the industries of this country — first,
because we want them; second, because we
need them; third, because we are in this crisis
possessed of the power to put it over.' In ad-
dition there is running through all their en-
deavors a pronounced opposition to the sup-
port of the war, the teaching being that what-
ever can be done to make the power of the
enemy greater or our own power of resistance
less effective is a service to the organization."
The trial began April 1, 1918, with 114 de-
fendants, a number haying been granted "or-
ders of separation," Miss Flynn being one of
those not brought into court on this occasion.
In the course of the hearing fourteen of the
defendants were released by order of the court
or at the request of the government. It took
until May 2 to get a jury. The government,
completed its case June 19, alter which the de-
fense offered its evidence. On the part of the
government there was much evidence submit-
ted of sabotage in the lumber, grain, fruit,
hop, mining and other industries in various
parts of the country, but especially in" the west.
Evidence of draft resistance and evasion was
presented, together with posters and documents
circulated in opposition to the draft. The
main point made by the defense was that the
efforts of the I. "W. W. were directed toward
bettering working conditions and were not
aimed at crippling the nation's war activities.
Judge Kenesaw M. Landis presided at the trial,
in which the government was represented by
Frank K. Nebeker and Claude B. Porter. The
attorneys for the defendants were George Van-
deveer and William Cleary. Sentence was
passed upon the defendants on Aug. 30, the
penalties imposed ranging from a few days in
the county jail to twenty years in the federal
prison at Leavenworth, Kas. The sentences
were grouped as follows:
Maximum of Twenty Tears.
Penalty — Maximum sentence, twenty years.
First count, six years and $5.000; second
count, ten years and $5,000; third count, two
years and $5,000; fourth count, twenty years
and $5,000.
Those sentenced — 15:
William D. Hay wood. Carl Ahlteen.
George Andreychine. Forrest Edwards.
Ralph H. Chaplin. Leo Laukki.
Aurelio Vicente Azura. C. L. Lambert.
Richard Brazier. Vladimir Lossieff.
Walter T. Nef. Charles Rothfiser.
James Rowan. Sam Scarlett.
Manuel Rey.
Maximum of Five Years.
Penalty — Maximum penalty five years. First
count, five years and $5,000: second count,
two years and $5,000: third count, two years
and $5,000; fourth count, five years and
$5.000.
Those sentenced — 7:
William Moran. H. F. Kane.
William Weyh. Dave Ingar.
Joseph A. Gates. Pierce C. Wetter.
John Avila.
Maximum of Ten Years.
Penalty — Maximum, ten years. First count,
six years and $5,000; second count, ten years
and $5,000: third count, two years and $10.-
000: fourth count, ten years and $10,000.
Those sentenced— 33 :
C. W. Davis. Grover H. Perry.
C. H. Rice. Vincent St. John.
Albert B. Prasher. John Walsh.
Fred Jaakkola. Archie Sinclair.
Ragnar Johanson. Peter Green.
G. J. Bourg. James Slovik.
Stanley J. Clark. Charles Bennett.
Edward F. Doree. J. H. Byers.
Jack Law. John I. Turner.
J. A. MacDonald. John Martin.
Joseph J. Gordon.
Charles Ashleigh.
Dan Buckley.
Alexander Cournos.
Ben Fletcher.
Bert Lorton.
Francis Miller.
Don Sheridan.
James P. Thompson.
John Pancner.
Sigfried Stenberg-.
Ed Hamilton.
John Baldazza.
Maximum of Five Years.
Penalty— Maximum five years. First count,
five years and $5.000: second count, five years
and $5,000; third count, two years and $10.-
000: fourth count, five years and $10,000.
Those sentenced — 26:
Arthur Boose. M. Levine.
J. T. ("Red") Doran. Joe Graber.
C. R. Griffin. Olin B. Anderson.
Frank Westerlund. W. H. Lewis.
Harrison George. Joe McCarty.
Harry Lloyd. Ted Fraser.
Pete McEvoy. John M. FOBS.
James Phillips. William Tanner.
V. V. O'Hare. Ray S. Fanning,
Charles H. MacKinnon. Clyde Hough.
Louis Parenti. James Elliott.
Charles Plahn. James H. Manning1.
Herbert Mahler. Herbert McCutcheon.
Maximum of One Year.
Penalty — Maximum, one year and one day.
First count, one year and one day and $5,000:
second count, one year and one day and
$5.000; third count, one year and one day and
$10,000; fourth count, one year and one day
and $10,000.
Those sentenced — 12:
Fred Nelson. Roy A. Brown.
Walter Smith. George Hardy.
Charles Jacobson. J. R. Baskett.
R. J. Bobba. Ray Corder.
Anson E. Soper. George Speed.
Charles McWhirt. Charles Jacobs.
Meyer Friedkin and Glen Roberts were sen-
tenced to ten days in the county jail on each
of the four counts, the sentences to run con-
currently.
Final disposition of a few other cases was de-
ferred. Those sentenced to prison were taken
to Leavenworth Sept. 7.
MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
The following statement was adopted at a
meeting ot the executive council of the Amer-
ican Society of International Law in Wash-
ington, D. C., April 27, 1918:
"The executive council of the American
Society of International Law considers that
the very existence of international law is
now at issue.
"The committee on annual meeting has
therefore refrained from calling- the members
of the society from the active work on
which most of them are engaged to meet
for the discussion of questions of law. The
only great question of international law to-
day is whether that law shall continue to
exist.
"Upon that subject the American Society of
International Law reaffirms the clear and un-
varying3 support of the United States for the
rule of law, expressed in the recognition of
international law in the federal constitution,
in the decisions of its highest cpurt and in
the utterances of its chief magistrates and
statesmen.
"Mr. Webster, while secretary of state,
made this announcement :
" 'Every nation, on being received, at her
own request, into the circle of civilized gov-
ernments, must understand that she not only
attains rights of sovereignty and the dignity
of national character, but that she binds her-
self to the strict and faithful observance of
all those principles, laws and usages which
have obtained currency among civilized states
and which have for their object the mitiga-
tion of the miseries ot war.'
426
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
"President Cleveland, in his special message
of 1893, addressed to the congress of the
United States, said :
" 'The law of nations is founded upon rea-
son and justice, and the rules of 'conduct
governing: individual relations between citizens
or subjects of a civilized state are equally
applicable as between enlightened nations.
The considerations that international law is
•without a court for its enforcement and that
obedience to its commands practically de-
pends upon good faith instead of upon the
mandate of a superior tribunal only give
additional sanction to the law itself and
brand any deliberate infraction of it not
merely as a wrong but as a disgrace. A man
of true honor protects the unwritten word
which binds his conscience more scrupulously.
if possible, than he does the bpnd a breach
of which subjects him to legal liabilities, and
the United- States, in aiming to maintain
itself as one of the most enlightened nations,
would do its citizens a gross injustice if it
applied to its international relations any other
than a high standard of honor and morality.'
"The council would call attention to the
fact that the entire diplomatic and consular
service of all nations operates under the con-
trol and protection of international law. That,
therefore, all the vast interests within the
charge of these agencies must be left unserved
and unadministered if the beneficent provi-
sions of international law are abandoned or
disregarded. They further venture to call
attention to the fact that more than two-
thirds of the surface of the globe is covered
by the high seas; that no law is current
thereon except international law; that noble
branch of law which President Wilson, on
April 2, 1917, addressing -the congress of the
United States, declared had its 'origin in the
attempt to set up some law which would be
respected and observed upon the seas, where
no nation had right of dominion and where
lay the free highways of the world.' 'By
painful stage after stage,' he said, 'has that
law been built up with meager enough results
indeed after all was accomplished that could
be accomplished, but always with a clear
view at least of what the heart and con-
science of mankind demanded.'
"To say no more than has been said as to
international relations upon land, if this one
law and common rule which guards the
traffic of the seas is allowed to lapse in
that vast and preponderant domain, no meas-
ure of right and justice, no rule of human-
ity or restraint will remain, only the deso-
lating condition which the Vulgate ascribes to
hell, 'Ubi nullus ordo sed sempiternus horror
inhabitat.'
"Therefore, those just and wise doctrines by
which international relations are guided,
humanized and controlled cannot be debili-
tated or abandoned. Therefore, they must be
taught by our scholars, learned by our rising
youth, declared and defined by our courts,
announced by our congress, enlarged by pur
treaties and enforced by our chief executive.
"Therefore, at need, our army upon the land
and our navy upon the sea, with a spirit and
devotion which have never declined, must
maintain and defend them, not for the good
of this nation or this time alone, but for the
g-dod of all nations and all men, now and
forevermore."
The following were present when the above
statement was adopted:
Hon. Elihu Root, president of the society.
Dr. David Jayne Hill, former assistant sec-
retary of state and ambassador to Germany.
Hon. Chandler P. Anderson, former coun-
selor for the department of state.
Hon. John Barrett, director-general of the
Pan-American union.
Charles Henry Butler, former reporter of
the Supreme court of the United States.
Charles Noble Gregory of the bar of the
District of Columbia.
Prof. Charles Cheney Hyde of Northwestern
university.
Prof. John H. Latane of Johns Hopkins uni-
versity.
Prof. William R. Manning of the University
of Texas.
Hon. A. J. Montague, representative in con-
gress from Virginia.
Maj. James Brown Scott, United States re-
serves.
Alpheus H. Snow of the bar of the District
of Columbia.
Prof. George G. Wilson of Harvard uni-
versity.
DEATH OF MAN WHO CAUSED THE WAR.
Gavrilo Prinzip, the man who killed Arch-
duke Francis Ferdinand, heir apparent to the
throne of Austria-Hungary, and thereby pre-
cipitated the great European war, died in a
fortress near Prague, Bohemia, April 30, 1918,
from tuberculosis. The archduke and his wife
were in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on a visit June 28.
1914, when they were assassinated. Prinzip
fired two explosive bullets from a revolver,
the first striking the duchess of Hohenberg.
the archduke's morganatic wife, in the abdo-
men, and the second taking effect in the neck
of the archduke. Both bullets caused death
in a short time. Prinzip, who was a student,
was sentenced to twenty years in prison.
Four others, who were arrested in connection
with the crime or with a previous attempt to
kill the archduke, were executed. Ten were
given various terms in prison for conspiracy.
Prinzip and most of the others were Ser-
bians or Serbian in sympathy who resented
the annexation of Bosnia to Austria-Hungary.
The fact that the conspiracy was laid in Ser-
bia led the Austrians to make demands upon
Serbia to which that nation could not accede.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia,
whereupon Russia threatened to intervene.
Then Germany declared war on Russia and set
the whole of Europe aflame.
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR ONE
AIRPLANE.
The following figures, compiled by the sig-
nal corps, show the materials necessary for
a single airplane of the more simple type,
and exclusive of all the materials necessary
for the engine:
Nails 4.326
Screws 3,377
Steel stampings 921
Forgings 798
Turnbudkles 276
Veneer square feet. . 57
Wire fijet. . 3,262
Varnish gallons. . 11
Dope gallons. . 59
Aluminum pounds. . 65
Rubber feet. . 34
Linen square yards. . 201
Siruce feet. . 244
.fine • feet.. 58
Ash feet.. 31
Hickory feet.. 1%
EXPLOSION IN GILLESPIE SHELL LOAD-
ING PLANT.
The shell loading plant of T. A. Gillespie
& Co., at Morgan, N. J., near Perth Amboy,
said to be the largest of its kind in the
world, was partly destroyed by a series of
explosions beginning at 7:40 p. m., Oct. 4,
1918. Of the 700 structures used by the
concern 325 were destroyed. The first ex-
plosion occurred in the No. 1 unit of the six-
inch plant, where seventy-six men were em-
ployed. Of these, so far as could be learned.
sixty:four were killed, though only thirty-
five bodies were recovered. The total dam-
age to the plant and its contents, consisting
largely of trinitrotoluol, was esMmated by army
officers at between $15,000,000 and $20,-
000,000. The cause of the explosion was not
determined.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
427
1'EACE DISCUSSIONS AND WAR AIMS.
LLOYD GEORGE ON WAR AIMS OF ALLIES.
Premier Lloyd George, addressing- " the trade
union conference in London, Jan. 5, 1918,
said:
"When the government invite organized
labor in this country to assist them to main-
tain the might of their armies in the field, its
representatives are entitled to ask that any
misgivings and doubts which any of them may
have about the purpose to which this precious
strength is to be applied should be definitely
cleared. And what is true of organized labor
is equally true of all citizens in this country,
without regard to grade or vocation.
"When men by the million are being called
upon to suffer and die, and vast populations
are being subjected to sufferings and privations
of war on a scale unprecedented in the history
of the world, they are entitled to know for
what cause or causes they are making the
sacrifice.
"It is only the clearest, greatest, and justest
of causes that can justify thq continuance,
even for one day, of this unspeakable agony
of the nation, and we ought to be able to state
clearly and definitely not only the principles
for which we are fighting, but also their
definite and concrete application to the war
mat) of the world.
"We have arrived at the most critical hour
in this terrible conflict, and before any gov-
ernment takes a fateful decision as to the con-
ditions under which it ought either to termi-
nate or to continue the struggle, it ought to
be satisfied that the conscience of the nation
is behind these conditions, for nothing else
can sustain the effort which is necessary to
achieve a righteous end to this war.
"I have, therefore, during the last few days,
taken special pains to ascertain the view and
attitude of representative men of all sections
of thought and opinion in the country.
"Last week I had the privilege not merely
of perusing the declared war aims of the labor
party, but also of discussing in detail with
labor leaders the meaning and intention of
that declaration.
"I have also had opportunity of discussing1
this same momentous question with Mr. As-
quith and Viscount Grey. Had it not been
that the nationalist leaders are in Ireland, en-
gaged in endeavoring to solve the tangled
problem of Irish self-government. I should
have been happy to exchange views with
them, but Mr. Redmond, speaking on their
behalf, has, with his usual lucidity and force,
in many of his speeches made clear what his
ideas are as to the object and purpose of the
war. I have also had an opportunity of con-
sulting certain representatives of the great
dominions overseas.
"I am glad to be able to say, as a result
of these discussions, that, although the gov-
ernment are alone responsible for the actual
language I purpose using, there is a national
agreement as to the character and purpose of
our war aims and peace conditions, and in
what I say to you tOrday, and through you
to the world, I can venture to clairr that I
am speaking not merely the mind of the gov-
ernment, but of the nation and of the empire
as a whole.
"We may begin by clearing: away some mis-
understandings and stating what we are not
fighting for.
"We are not fighting a war of aggression
against the German people. Their leaders
have persuaded them that they are fighting' a
war of self-defense against a league of rival
nations, bent on the destruction of Germany.
That is not so. The destruction or disruption
of Germany or the German people has never
been a war aim with us from the first day
of this war to this day.
"Most reluctantly, and, indeed, quite unpre-
pared for the dreadful ordeal, we were forced
to join in this war, in self-defense of the vio-
lated public law of Kurone and in vindication
of the most solemn treaty obligations on
which the public system of Europe rested
and on which Germany had ruthlessly
trampled in her invasion of Belgium.
"We had to join in the struggle or stand
aside and see Europe go under and brute force
triumph over public right and international
justice.
"It was only the realization of that dread-
ful alternative that forced the British people
into the war. and from that original attitude
they have never swerved. They have never
aimed at a break-up of the German people or'
the disintegration of their state or country.
Germany has occupied a great position in the
world. It is not our wish or intention to
question or destroy that position for the fu-
ture, but rather to turn her aside from hopes
and schemes of military domination.
"Nor did we enter this war merely to alter
or destroy the imperial constitution of Ger-
many, much as we consider that military and
autocratic constitution a dangerous anachro-
nism in the twentieth century. Our point of
view is that the adoption of a really demo-
cratic constitution by Germany would be the
most convincing evidence that her old spirit
of military domination has indeed died in
this war and would make it much easier for
us to conclude a broad, democratic peace with
her. But, after all, that is a question for the
German people to decide.
"We are not fighting to destroy Austria-
Hungary or to deprive Turkey of its capital
or the rich lands o,f Asia Minor and Thrace
which are predominantly Turkish.
"It is now more than a year since the
president of the United States, then neutral,
addressed to the belligerents a suggestion that
each side should state clearly the aims for
which they were fighting.
"We and our allies responded by the note
of Jan. 10, 1917. To the president's appeal
the central empires made no reply and in
spite of many adjurations, both from their
opponents and from neutrals, they have main-
tained complete silence as to the objects for
which they are fighting. Even on so crucial
a matter as their intention with' regard to
Belgium they have uniformly declined to give
any trustworthy indication.
"On Dec. 25, last, however. Count Czernin,
speaking on behalf of Austria-Hungary and
her allies, did make a pronouncement of a
kind. It is, indeed, deplorably vague.
"We are told that it is not the intention
of the central powers to appropriate forcibly
any occupied territories or to rob of its inde-
pendence any nation which has lost its po-
litical independence during the war.
"It is obvious that almost any scheme of
conquest and annexation could be perpetrated
within the literal interpretation of such a
pledge. Does it mean that Belgium, Serbia,
Montenegro and Roumania will be as independ-
ent and as free to direct their own destinies
as Germany or any other nation? Or does it
mean that all manner of interferences and re-
strictions, political and economical, incompati-
ble with the status and dignity of free and
self-respecting people are to be imposed? If
this is the intention, then there will be one
kind of independence for the great nation and
an inferior kind of independence for the small
nation.
"We must know what is meant, for equality
of right among the nations, small as well as
great, is one of the fundamental issues this
country and her allies are fighting to estab-
lish in this war.
"Reparation for the wanton damage inflicted
on Belgian towns and villages and their in-
habitants is emphatically repudiated. The
rest of the so-called offer of the central pow-
ers is almost entirely a refusal of all conces-
sions. All suggestions about the autonomy of
subject nationalities are ruled out of the peace
t?rms altogether. The question whether any
form of self-government is to be given to the
428
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Arabs. Armenians or Syrians is declared to be
entirely a matter for the sublime pprte. A
pious wish lor the protection of minorities.
'in. so far as it is practically realizable.' is
the nearest approach to liberty which the
central powers' statesmen venture to make.
"On one point only are they perfectly clear
and definite. Under no circumstances will the
German demand for the restoration of the
•whole of Germany's colonies be departed from.
All principles of self-determination, or, as our
earlier phrase goes, government by the con-
sent of the governed, here vanish into thin air.
"It is impossible to believe that any edifice
of permanent peace could be erected on such
a foundation as this. Mere lip-service to the
formula ol no annexation and no indemni-
ties or the rig-ht of self-determination is use-
less. Before any negotiations can even be
begun the central powers must realize the es-
sential facts of the situation.
"The days of the treaty of Vienna are long-
past. We can no longer submit the future of
European civilization to the arbitrary de-
cisions ol a few negotiators, trying to secure
by chicanery or persuasion the interests of
this or that dynasty or nation.
"The settlement of the new Europe must be
based on such grounds ol reason and justice
as will give some promise of stability. There-
lore it is that we feel that government with
the consent of ttie governed must be the basis
of any territorial settlement in this war. For
that reason also, unless treaties be upheld,
unless every nation is prepared, at whatever
sacrifices, to honor the national signature, it
is obvious that no treaty ol peace can be
worth the paper on which it is written.
"The first requirement, therefore, always put
forward by the British g-overnment and their
allies has been the complete restoration, politi-
cal, territorial and economic, of independence
of Belgium and such reparation as can be
made for the devastation of its towns and
provinces.
"This is no demand for a war indemnity,
such as that imposed on France by Germany
in 1871. It is not an attempt to shift the
cost of warlike operations from one belligerent
to another, which may or may not be de-
fensible. It is no more and no less than an
insistence that before there can be any hope
for stable peace this great breach of the
public law of Europe must be repudiated and
so far as possible repaired.
"Reparation means recognition. Unless in-
ternational right is recognized by insistence
on payment for injury, done in defiance of its
canons, it can never be a reality.
"Next comes the restoration of Serbia,
Montenegro and the occupied parts ol France.
Italy and Roumania. The complete withdrawal
ol the allied [Teutonic] armies, and the rep-
aration lor injustice done is a lundamental
condition ol permanent peace.
"We mean to stand by the French democracy
to the death in the demand they make for a
reconsideration of the great wrong- of 1871,
when, without any regard to the wishes of the
population, two French provinces were torn
from the side of France and incorporated in
the German empire.
"This sore has poisoned the peace of Europe
for half a century, and. until it is cured,
healthy conditions will not have been restored.
There can be no better illustration of the folly
and wickedness of using a transient military
success to violate national right.
"I will not attempt to deal with the ques-
tion of the Russian territories now in German
occupation. The Russian policy since the
revolution has- passed so rapidly through so
many phases that it is difficult to speak with-
out some suspension of judgment as to what
the situation will be when the final terms ol
European peace come to be discussed.
"Russia accepted war with all its horrors
because, true to her traditional guardianship
of the weaker communities of her race, she
stepped in to protect Serbia from a plot
against her independence. It is this honorable
sacrifice which not merely brought Russia
into the war, but France as well.
"France, true to the conditions of her treaty
with Russia, stood by her ally in a quarrel
which was not her own. Her chivalrous re-
spect for her treaty led to the wanton in-
vasion of Belgium and the treaty obligations
of Great Britain to that little land brought us
into the war.
"The present rulers of Russia are now en-
g-aged. without any reference to the countries
whom Russia brought into the war, in sep-
arate negotiations with their common enemy.
I am indulging in no reproaches. I am merely-
stating the lacts with a view to making it
clear why Great Britain cannpt be held ac-
countable lor decisions taken in her absence
and concerning- which she has not been con-
sulted or her aid invoked.
"No one who knows Prussia and her designs
upon Russia can for a moment doubt her ulti-
mate intention. Whatever • phrases she may
use to delude Russia, she does not mean to
surrender one of the fair provinces or cities
ol Russia now occupied by her lorces. Under
one name or another (and the name hardly
matters) those Russian provinces will hence-
lorth be in reality a part ol the dominions ol
Prussia. They will be ruled by the Prussian
sword in the interests ol the Prussian au-
tocracy, and the rest ol the people ol Russia
will be partly enticed by specious phrases and
partly bullied by the threat ol continued war
against an impotent army into a condition ol
complete economic and ultimate political en-
slavement to Germany.
"We all deplore the prospect. The democ-
racy ol this country means to stand to the last
by the democracies of France and Italy and
all our other allies. We shall be proud to
stand side by side with the new democracy of
Russia. So will America and so will France
and Italy. But if the present rulers of Russia
take action which is independent of their
allies we have no means of intervening to ar-
rest the catastrophe which is assuredly be-
falling their country. Russia can only be
saved by her own people.
"We believe, however, that an independent
Poland, comprising all those genuinely Polish
elements who desire to form a part of it, is
an urgent necessity lor the stability ol west-
ern Europe.
"Similarly, though we agree with President
Wilson that a break-up ol Austria-Hungary is
no part ol our war aims, we leel that unless
genuine sell-government on true democratic
principles is granted to those Austro-Hun-
garian nationalities who have long desired it,
it is impossible to hope lor a removal ol those
causes ol unrest in that part ol Europe which
have so long threatened the general peace.
"On the same grounds we regard as vital
the satisfaction pi the legitimate claims ol the
Italians lor union with those ol their own
race and tongue. We also mean to press that
justice be done to the men ol Roumanian
blood and speech in their legitimate aspira-
tions. II these conditions are fulfilled
Austria-Hungary would become a power whose
strength would conduce to the permanent
peace and freedom of Europe instead of being
merely an instrument to the pernicious mili-
tary autocracy of Prussia that uses the re-
sources of its allies for the furtherance ol its
own sinister purposes.
"Outside of Europe we believe that the
same principles should be applied. While we :
do not challenge the maintenance ol the
Turkish empire in the homelands ol the Turk-
ish race with its capital at Constantinople, the
passage between the Mediterranean and the
Black sea being- internationallized and neutral-
ized, Arabia, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Syria and
Palestine are. in our judgment, entitled to a
recognition ol their separate national condi-
tions.
"What the exact form ol that recognition
in each particular case should be need not
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
429
here be discussed beyond statin? that it would
be impossible to restore to their former
sovereignty the territories to which I have
already referred.
"Much has been said about the arrange-
ments we have entered into with our allies
on this and on other subjects. I can only say
that as the new circumstances, like the Rus-
sian collapse and the separate negotiations,
have changed the conditions under which those
arrangements were made, we are, and always
have been, perfectly ready to discuss them
with our allies.
"With regard to the German colonies, I
have repeatedly declared that they are held
at the disposal of a conference whose decision
must have primary regard to the wishes and
interests of the native inhabitants of such
colonies. None of those territories are in-
habited by Europeans. The governing consid-
eration, therefore, must be that the inhabi-
tants should be placed under the control ol
an administration acceptable to themselves,
one of whose mam purposes will be to pre-
vent their exploitation for the benefit of
European capitalists or governments.
"The natives live in their various tribal or-
ganizations under chiefs and councils who are
competent to consult and speak for their
tribes and members and thus to represent their
•wishes and interests in regard to their dis-
posal. The general principle of national self-
determination is, therefore, as applicable in
their cases as in those of the occupied
European territories.
"The German declaration that the natives of
the German colonies have through their mili-
tary fidelity in war shown their attachment
and resolve under all circumstances to remain
with Germany is applicable not to the Ger-
man colonies generally but only to one of
them, and in that case, German East Africa,
the German authorities secured the attach-
ment, not of the native population as a whole,
which is and remains prof oundlyx anti-German,
but only of a small warlike class, from whom
their askaris, or soldiers, were selected. Thess
they attached to themselves by conferring on
them a highly privileged position as against
the bulk of the native population, which en-
abled these askaris to assume a lordly and op-
pressive superiority over the rest of the
natives.
"By this and other means they secured the
attachments of. a very small and insignificant
minority, whose interests were directly op-
posed to those of the rest of the population
and for whom they have no right to speak.
The German treatment of the native popula-
tions in their colonies has been such as amply
to justify their fear of submitting the future
of those colonies to the wishes of the natives
themselves.
"Finally there must be reparation for the
injuries done in violation of international law.
The peace conference must not forget our sea-
men and the services they have rendered to
and the outrages they have suffered for the
common cause of freedom.
"One omission we notice in the proposal of
the central powers which seems to us espe-
cially regrettable. It is desirable and essential
that the settlement after this war shall be one
which does not in itself bear the seed of fu-
ture war. But that is not enough. However
wisely and well we may make territorial and
other arrangements, there will still be many
subjects of international controversy. Some,
indeed, are inevitable.
"Economic conditions at the end of the war
will be in the highest degree difficult owing
to the diversion of human effort to warlike
pursuits. There must follow a world short-
age of raw materials, which will increase the
longer the war lasts, and it is inevitable that
those countries which have control of raw ma-
terials will desire to help thpmselves and their
friends first. Apart from this. whnt.Pver set-
tlement is made will be suitable only to the
circumstances under which it is made, and as
those circumstances change, changes in the
settlement will be called for.
"So long as the possibility of a dispute be-
tween nations continues — that is to say, so
long as men and women are dominated by im-
passioned ambitipn and war is the only means
of settling a dispute— all nations must live
under a burden not only of having from time
to time to engage in it but of being compelled
to prepare for its possible outbreak.
"The crushing weight of modern arma-
ments, the increasing evil of compulsory mili-
tary service, the vast waste of wealth and
effort involved in warlike preparation — these
are blots on our civilization, of which every
thinking individual must be ashamed. Ft>r
these and other similar reasons we are confi-
dent that a great attempt must be made to
establish, by some international organization,
an alternative to war as a means of settling1
international disputes.
"After all, war is a relic of barbarism, and,
just as law has succeeded viplence as a means
of settling disputes between individuals, so we
believe that it is destined ultimately to take
the place of war in the settlement of con-
troversies between nations.
"If, then, we are asked what >we are fight-
ing for, we reply, as we have often replied,
we are fighting for a just and a lasting peace,
and we believe that before permanent peace
can be hoped for three conditions must be
fulfilled: First, the sanctity of treaties must
be re-established: secondly, a territorial settle-
ment must be secured, based on the right of
self-determination or the consent of the gov-
erned, and, lastly, we must seek, by the cre-
ation of some international organization, to
limit the burden of armaments and diminish
the probability of war. On these conditions
its peoples are prepared to make even greater
sacrifices than those they have yet endured."
PRESIDENT WILSON GIVES WAR AlMS.
President Wilson appeared before a joint
session of the houses of congress Jan. 8. 1918,
and delivered the following address:
"Gentlemen of the Congress: Once more, as
repeatedly before, the spokesmen of the cen-
tral empires have indicated their desire to dis-
cuss the objects of the war and the possible
bases ol a general peace. Parleys have been
in progress at Brest-Litovsk between. Russia
and representatives of the central powers, to
which the attention ol all the belligerents has
been invited for the purpose of ascertaining
whether it may be possible to extend these
parleys into a general conference with regard
to terms ol peace and settlement. The
Russian representatives presented not only a
perfectly definite statement of the principles
upon which they would be willing to conclude
peace, but also an equally definite program of
the concrete application of these principles.
"The representatives of the central powers,
on their part, presented an outline of settle-
ment which, if much less definite, seemed sus-
ceptible of liberal interpretation until their
specific program of practical terms was added.
That program proposed no concessions at all
either to sovereignty of Russia or to the pref-
erences of the population with whose fortunes
it dealt, but meant, in a word, that the central
empires were • to keep every foot of -territory
their armed forces had occupied— every prov-
ince, every city, every point of vantage — as a
permanent addition to their territories and
their power.
"It is a reasonable conjecture that the gen-
eral principles of settlement which they at
first suggested originated with the more lib-
eral statesmen of Germany and Austria, the
men who have begun to feel the force of their
own people's thought and purpose, while the
concrete terms of actual settlement came from
the military lenders, who have no thought but
to keep what they have got.
430
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
"The negotiations have been broken off.
The Russian representatives were sincere r.nd
in earnest. They cannot entertain such pro-
posals of conquest and domination.
"The whole incident is lull of significance.
It is also full of perplexity. With whom are
the Russian representatives dealing1? For
whom are the representatives of the central
empires speaking-? Are they speaking1 for the
majorities of their respective parliaments or
for the minority parties-^-that military and im-
perialistic minority which has so far domi-
nated their whole policy and controlled the
affairs of Turkey and of the Balkan states.
which have felt obliged to become their as-
sociates in this war?
"The Russian representatives have insisted,
very justly, very wisely, and in the true spirit
of democracy, that the conferences they have
been holding- with the Teutonic and Turkish
statesmen should be held within open, not
closed, doors, and all the world has been audi-
ence as was desired.
"To whom have we been listening-, then?
To those who speak the spirit and intention
of the resolutions of the German reichstag of
the 9th of July last, the spirit and intention
of the liberal leaders and parties of Ger-
many, or to those who resist and defy that
spirit and intention and insist upon conquest
and subjugration? Or are we listening- in fact
to both unreconciled and in open and hopeless
contradiction? These are very serious and
pregnant questions. Upon the answer to them
depends the peace of the world.
"But whatever the results of the parleys
at Brest-Litovsk, whatever the confusions of
counsel and of purpose in the utterances of
the spokesmen of the central empires, they
have again attempted to acquaint the world
with their objects in the war and have again
challenged their adversaries to say what their
objects are, and what sort of settlement they
would deem just and satisfactory. There is
no g-ood reason why that challenge should not
be responded to, and responded to with the
utmost candor. We do not wait for it. Not
once, but again and again we have laid our
whole tfoought and purpose before the world,
not in general terms only but each time with
sufficient definition to make it clear what sort
of definite terms of settlement must neces-
sarily spring out of them.
"Within the last week Mr. Lloyd George
has spoken with admirable candor and in ad-
mirable spirit for the people and government
of Great Britain. There is no confusion of
counsel among the adversaries of the central
powers, no uncertainty of principle, no vague-
ness of detail. The only secrecy of counsel,
the only lack of fearless frankness, the only
failure to make definite the statement of the
objects of the war lies with Germany and her
allies. The issues of life and death hang upon
these definitions. No statesman who has the
least conception of his responsibility ought for
a moment to permit himself to continue this
tragical and appalling outpouring of blood and
treasure unless- he is sure beyond a peradven-
ture that the objects of the vital sacrifice are
part and parcel of the very life of society and
that the people for whom he speaks think
them right and imperative as he does.
"There is, moreover, a voice calling for
these definitions of principle and of purpose
which is, it seems to me, more thrilling and
more compelling than any of the many moving
voices with which the troubled air of the
world is filled. It is the voice of the Russian
people. They are prostrate and all but help-
less, it would seem, before the grim power of
Germany, which has hitherto known no re-
lenting and no pity. Their power, apparently,
is shattered, and yet their soul is not sub-
servient.
"They will not yield either in principle or in
action. The conception of what is right, of
what it is humane and honorable for them to
accept, has been stated with a frankness, a
largeness of view, a generosity of spirit and
a universal human sympathy which must chal-
lenge the admiration of every friend of man-
kind; and they have refused to compound their
ideals or desert others that they themselves
may be safe.
''They call to us to say what it is that we
desire, in what, if in anything, our purpose
and our spirit differ from theirs; and I believe
that the people of the United States would
wish me to respond with utter simplicity and
frankness.
"Whether their present leaders believe it
or not, it is our heartfelt desire and hope that
some way may be opened whereby we may be
privileged to assist the people of Russia to
attain their utmost hope of liberty and or-
dered peace.
"It wilt be our wish and purpose that the
processes of peace, when they are begun, shall
be absolutely open and that they shall in-
volve and permit henceforth no secret under-
standings of any kind. The day of conqu«"rt
and aggrandizement is gone by; so is al«n tbe
day of secret covenants entered into in the
interest of particular governments and likely
at some unlocked for moment to upset the
peace of the world.
"It is this happy fact, now clear to the
view of every public man whose thoughts do
not still linger in an age that is dead and
gone, which makes it possible for every nation
whose purposes are consistent with justice and
the peace 9f the world to avow now or at
any other time the objects it has in view.
"We entered this war because violations
of right had occurred which touched us to the
quick and made the life of our own people
Impossible unless they were corrected and the
world secured once for all against their re-
currence. What we demand in this war. there-
fore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is
that the world be made fit and safe to live in.
and particularly that it be made safe lor
every peace loving nation which, like our own.
wishes to live its own life, determine its own
institutions, be assured of justice and fair
dealing by the other peoples of the world as
against force and selfish aggression.
"All the peoples of the world are in effect
partners in this interest, and for our own
part we see very clearly that unless justice be
done to others it will not be done to us. The
program of the world's peace, therefore, is our
program, and that program, the only possible
program as we see it, is this:
No Private Understandings.
"I. Open covenants of peace, openly ar-
rived at. after which there shall be no private
international understandings of any kind, but
diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and
in the public view.
Freedom of Seas.
"II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon
the seas outside territorial waters, alike in
peace and in war, except as the seas may be
closed in whole or in part by international ac-
tion for the enforcement of international cove-
nants.
No Economic Barriers.
"III. The removal, so far as possible, of all
economic barriers and the establishment of an
equality of trade conditions among all the na-
tions consenting to the peace and associating
themselves for its maintenance.
Reduce National Armaments.
"IV. Adequate guaranties given and taken
that national armaments will be reduced to
the lowest point consistent with domestic
safety.
Colonial Claims.
"V. A free, open minded and absolutely im-
partial adjustment of all colonial claims,
based upon a strict observance of the principle
that in determining all such questions of
sovereignty the interests of the populations
concerned must have equal weight with the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
431
equitable claims of the government whose title
is to be determined.
Russian Territory.
"VI. The evacuation of all Russian terri-
tory and such a settlement of all questions af-
fecting- Russia as will secure the best and
freest co-operation of the other nations of the
world in obtaining for her an unhampered and
unembarrassed opportunity for the independent
determination of her own political develop-
ment and national policy and assure her of
a sincere welcome into the society of free
nations under institutions of her own choos-
ing:, and, more than a welcome, assistance
also of every kind that she may need and may
herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia
by her sister nations in the months to come
will be the acid test of their good will, of
their comprehension of her needs as distin-
guished from their own interests and of their
intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
Restoration of Belgium.
"VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree,
must be evacuated and restored, without any
attempt to limit the sovereignty which she en-
joys in common with all other free nations.
No other single act will serve as this will
serve to restore confidence among the nations
in the laws which they have themselves set
and determined for the government of their
relations with one another. Without this
healing act the whole structure and validity
ol international law is forever impaired.
Alsace-Lorraine to France.
"VIII. All French territory should be
freed and the invaded portions restored and
the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871
in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has
unsettled the peace of the world lor nearly
fifty years, should be righted in order that
peace may once more be made secure in the
interest of all.
New Frontiers for Italy.
"IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of
Italy should be effected along clearly recog-
nizable lines of nationality.
Autonomy in Austria-Hungary.
"X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose
place among the nations we wish to see safe-
guarded and assured, should be accorded the
freest opportunity of autonomous develop-
ment.
Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro.
"XI. Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro
should be evacuated: occupied territories re-
stored: Serbia accorded free and secure ac-
cess to the sea, and the relations of the sev-
eral Balkan states to one another determined
by friendly counsel along historically estab-
lished lines of allegiance and nationality: and
international guaranties of the political and
economic independence and territorial integrity
of the several Balkan states should be en-
tered into.
Autonomy in Turkey.
"XII. The Turkish portions of the present
Ottoman empire should be assured a secure
sovereignty, but the other nationalities which
are now under Turkish rule should be as-
sured an undoubted security of life and an
absolutely unmolested opportunity of au-
tonomous development, and the Dardanelles
should be permanently opened as a free pas-
sage to the ships and commerce ol all nations
under international guaranties.
For an Independent Poland.
"XIII. An independent Polish state should
be erected which should include the territories
inhabited by indisputably Polish populations,
which should be assured a free and secure ac-
cess to the sea and whose political and eco-
nomic independence and territorial integrity
should be guaranteed by international cove-
nant.
League of Nations.
"XIV. A general association of nations
must be formed under specific covenants lor
the purpose ol affording mutual guaranties
of political independence and territorial in-
tegrity to great and small states alike.
."In regard to these essential rectifications ol
wrong and assertions of right we feel our-
selves to be intimate partners of all the gov-
ernments and peoples associated together
against the imperialists. We cannot be sep-
arated in interest or divided in purpose. We
stand together until the end.
"For such arrangements and covenants we
are willing to fight and to continue to fight
until they are achieved, but only because we
wish the right to prevail and desire a just
and stable peace, such as can be secured
only by removing the chief provocations to
war. which this program does remove.
"We have no jealousy of German greatness
and there is nothing in this program that im-
pairs it. We grudge her no achievement or
distinction of learning or of pacific enter-
prise such as have made her record very
bright and very enviable. We do not wish
to injure her or to block in any way her
legitimate influence or power. We do not
wish to fight her either with arms or with
hostile arrangements ol trade il she is will-
ing to associate hersell with us and the other
peace loving nations ol the world in covenants
of justice and law and lair dealing. We
wish her only to accept a place ol equality
among the peoples of the world — the new
world in which we now live — instead of a
place of mastery.
"Neither do we presume to suggest to her
any alteration or modification of her insti-
tutions. But it is necessary, we must frankly
say, and necessary as a preliminary to any
intelligent dealings with her on our part, that
we should know whom her spokesmen speak
for when they speak to us, whether lor the
reichstag majority or for the military party
and the men whose creed is imperial domina-
tion.
"We have spoken now, surely, in terms too
concrete to admit of any further doubt or
question. An evident principle runs through
the whole program I have outlined. It is
the principle of justice to all peoples and
nationalities and their right to live on equal
terms ol liberty and salety with one another,
whether they be strong or weak.
"Unless this principle be made its founda-
tion no part ol the structure ol international
justice can stand. The people ol the United
States could act upon no other principle, and
to the vindication of this principle they are,
ready to devote their lives, their honor and
everything that they possess.
"The moral climax of this- the culminat-
ing and final war for human liberty has come,
and they are ready to put their strength,
their own highest purpose, their own integrity
and devotion to the test."
HERTLING ON GERMAN PEACE TERMS.
Count von Hertling, the German chancellor,
made a speech in the reichstag Jan. 24. 1918.
in which he replied to the peace terms set
forth in the addresses of Premier Lloyd George
and President Wilson. In substance he said:
"Gentlemen: You have acquainted yourselves
with the speech ol Premier Lloyd George and
the proposals ol President Wilson. We now
must ask ourselves whether these speeches
and proposals breathe a real and earnest wish
lor peace. They contajn certain principles
lor a general world peace to which we also
assent and which might lorm the starting
point and aid negotiations.
"When, however, concrete questions came
into the question — points which, lor the Teu-
tonic allies, are ol decisive importance-y-their
peace will is less observable. Our enemies do
not desire to destroy Germany, but they cast
covetous eyes on parts of our allies' lands.
Thr>y speak with respect ol Germany's posi-
tion, but their conception, ever alresh, finds
expression as il we were the guilty who must
do penance and promise improvement.
432
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
"Thus speaks the victor to the vanquished:
he who interprets all our former expressions
of a readiness for peace as merely a sign of
weakness.
"The leaders of the entente must first re-
nounce this standpoint and this deception. In
order to facilitate this, I would like to re-
call what the position really is. They may
take it from me that our military position
was never so favorable as it now is. Our
highly gifted army leader? face the future
with undiminished confidence in victory.
Throug-hout the whole army, in the officers
and the men, lives unbroken the joy of battle.
"I will remind you of the words I spoke
Nov. 29 in the reichstag. Our repeatedly ex-
pressed willingness for peace and the spirit of
reconciliation revealed by our proposals must
not be regarded by the entente as a license
permitting1 the indefinite lengthening- of the
war. Should our enemies force us to prolong
the war, they will have to bear the conse-
quences resulting from it.
"If the leaders of the enemy powers really
are inclined toward peace, let them revise
their program once again, or, as Premier Lloyd
George said, proceed tD reconsideration.
"If they come forward with fresh proposals
we will examine them carefully, because our
aim is no other than the re-establishment of
a lasting general peace. But this lasting gen-
eral peace is not possible so long as the in-
tegrity of the German empire and the security
of her vital interests and the dignity of our
fatherland are not guaranteed. Until that
time we must quietly stand by each other and
wait.
"As to our purpose, gentlemen, we are all
one.
"Regarding- methods and 'moralities' there
may be differences of opinion, but let us
shelve all those differences. Let us not fight
about formulas, which always fall short in
the mad course of world events, but above the
dividing line of party controversies let us
keep our eyes on the mutual aim — the wel-
fare of the fatherland. Let us hold together
the government and the nation, and victory
will be ours. A good peace will and must
come."
Negotiations with Russia.
Chancellor von Hertling referred to the nego-
tiations with the Russians at' Brest-Litovsk,
saying he held fast to the hope that a good
conclusion would be arrived at. He con-
tinued :
"Our negotiatipna with the Ukrainian rep-
resentatives are in a more favorable position.
Here, too, difficulties have yet to be over-
come, but the prospects are favorable. We
hope shortly to reach conclusions with
Ukraine which will be in the interests of
both and which will be economically advan-
tageous.
"The Russians last month proposed to is-
sue an invitation to all belligerents to par-
ticipate in the negotiations. Russia submit-
ted certain proposals of a very general char-
"At that time we accepted the proposal
to invite the belligerents to take part in the
negotiations — on the condition, however, that
the invitation should have a definite period
for its acceptance. At 10 o'clock on the eve-
ning of Jan. 4 the period expired.
"No answers had come and as a result
we were no longer under obligation and had
a free hand for separate peace negotiations
with Russia. Neither were we longer bound,
of course, by the general peace proposals sub-
mitted to us by the Russian delegation.
Reply to Lloyd George.
"Instead of the reply which was expected
but which was not forthcoming, two declara-
tions were made by enemy statesmen — Premier
Lloyd George's speech and President Wilson's
speech.
"I willingly admit that Mr. Llpyd Georg-e
altered his tone. He no longer indulges in
abuse and appears desirous of again dem-
onstrating his ability as a negotiator, which
I had formerly doubted. I cannot go so far,
however, as many opinions which had been
expressed in neutral countries which would
read in this speech of Mr. Lloyd George a
serious desire for peace, and even a friendly
disposition.
"It is true he declares he does not desire to
destroy Germany and never desired to destroy
her. He has even words of respect for our
political, economic and cultural position. But
other utterances also are not lacking, and the
idea continually comes to the surface that
he has to pronounce judgment on Germany,
charging her with being guilty of all possible
crimes.
"That is an attitude with which we can
have nothing to do, and in which we can dis-
cover no trace of a serious purpose to attain
peace. We are to be the guilty ones, over
whom the entente is now sitting in judgment.
That compels me to give a short review of
the situation and the events preceding the
war, at the risk of repeating what long ago
was said. • » *
"And Alsace-Lorraine, of which Lloyd
George speaks again? He speaks of the
wrong Germany did in 1871 to France. Alsace-
Lorraine — you need not be told, but abroad
they appear still to be ignorant of things —
Alsace-Lorraine composes, as is known, for the
most part, purely German regions which by
a century long of violence and illegality were
severed from the German empire, and until
finally in 1779 the French revolution swal-
lowed up the last remnant. Alsace and Lor-
raine then became French provinces.
"When, in the war of 1870, we demanded
back the districts which had been criminally
wrested from us, that was not a conquest of
foreign territory, but, rightly and properly
speaking, what to-day is called disannexation,
and this disannexation was then expressly
recognized by the French national assembly,
the constitutional representative of the French
people at that time. March 29, 1871. by a
large majority of votes.
Wilson Changes Tone.
"I now come to President Wilson. Here,
too, I recognize that the tone appears to have
changed. The unanimous rejection of Mr. Wil-
son's attempt, in reply to the pope's note, to
sow discord between the German govero-
ment and the German people has had its effect.
"This unanimous rejection might of itself
lead Mr. Wilson on the right path. A begin-
ning to that end has perhaps been made, for
now there is at any rate no longer talk about
oppression of the German people by an auto-
cratic government, and the former attacks on
the house of Hohenzollern have not been re-
peated.
"I shall not enlarge upon the distorted rep-
resentation of German policy which is con-
gained in Mr. Wilson's message, but will deal
in detail with the points which Mr. Wilson
lays down there, not less than fourteen points,
in which he formulates his peace program,
and I pray your indulgence in dealing with
these as briefly as possible.
"The first point is the demand that there
shall be no more secret international agree-
ments. History shows it is we above all
others who would be able to agree to the
publicity of diplomatic documents. I recall
that our defensive alliance with Austria-Hun-
gary was known to the whole world from
1888. while the offensive agreement of the
enemy states first saw the light of publicity
during the war through the revelations of the
secret Russian archives.
"In his second point Mr. Wilson demands
freedom of shipping on the seas in war and
peace. This also is demanded by Germany as
the first, and one of the most important re-
quirements for the future. Therefore there is
here no difference of opinion.
"It would, however, be highly important for
the freedom of shipping in future if strongly
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOB 1919.
433
fortified naval bases on important interna-
tional routes, such as England has at Gi-
braltar, Malta, Aden, Hongkong, the Falkland
islands, and many other places, were removed.
"Point 3 — We, too, are in thorough accord
with the removal of economic barriers which
interfere with trade in superfluous manner.
We, too, condemn economic war, which would
inevitably bear within it causes of future war-
like complications.
"Point 4— Limitation of armaments: As
already declared by us, the idea of limitation
of armaments is entirely discussable. The
financial position of all European states after
the war mig-ht most effectively promote a sat-
isfactory solution. It is therefore clear that
an understanding- might be reached without
difficulty on the first four points of Mr. Wil-
son's program.
"I now come to the fifth point — settlement
of all colonial claims and disputes. Prac-
tical realization of Mr. Wilson's principles in
the realm of reality will encounter some dif-
ficulties in any case. I believe that for the
present it may be left for England, which
has the greatest colonial empire, to make
what she will of this proposal of her ally.
This point of the program also will have
to be discussed in due time, on the recon-
stitution of the world's colonial possessions,
which we also demand absolutely.
"Point 6 — Evacuation of Russian territory:
Now that the entente has refused within
the period agreed upon by Bussia and the
Quadruple alliance to join in the negotiations,
I must, in the name of the latter, decline
to allow any subsequent interference.
"We are dealing' here with Questions which
concern only Bussia and the four allied pow-
ers. I adhere to the hope that with rec-
ognition of self-determination for the peoples
on the western , frontier of the former Bus-
sian empire good relations will be established,
both with these peoples and with the rest of
Bussia, for whom we wish most earnestly a
return of order, peace and conditions guar-
anteeing the welfare of the country.
"Point 7 — Belgium: My predecessors in of-
fice repeatedly declared that at no time did
the annexation of Belgium to Germany form
a point in the program of German policy.
The Belgian question belongs to those ques-
tions the details of which are to be settled
by negotiation at the peace conference. I
must adhere to the standpoint hitherto al-
ways adopted • and refuse the removal in ad-
vance of the Belgian affair from the entire
discussion.
"Point 8 — The occupied parts of Prance
are a valuable pawn in our hands. Here, too,
forcible annexation forms no part of the of-
ficial German policy. The conditions and
methods of procedure of the evacuation, which
must take account of Germany's vital inter-
ests, are to be agreed upon between Germany
and France.
"I can only again expressly accentuate the
fact that there can never be a question of
dismemberment of imperial territory. -Under
no fine phrases of any kind shall we permit
the enemy again to take from us territory of
the empire which with ever increasing in-
timacy has linked itself to Germanism, which
has in highly gratifying manner ever and in-
creasingly developed in an economic respect,
and of whose people more than 87 per cent
speak the German mother tongue.
"The questions dealt with by Mr. Wilson
under points 9, 10, and 11 touch both the
Italian frontier question and questions of the
future development of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy and the future of the Balkan states;
Questions in which, for the greater part, the
interests of our ally. Austria-Hungary, pre-
ponderate.
"Where German interests are concerned we
shall defend them most energetically. But I
may leave the answer to Mr. Wilson's pro-
posals on these points in the first place to
the Austrp-Hungarian foreign minister. Close
contact with the allied dual monarchy forms
the kernel of our present policy and must
be the guiding line in the future.
"Loyal comradeship in arms, which has
stood the test so brilliantly in war time, must
continue to have its effect in peace. We shall
thus on our part do everything for the at-
tainment of peace by Austria-Hungary whicli
takes into account her just claims.
"The matters touched upon by Mr. Wilson
in point 12 concern our loyal, brave ally.
Turkey. I must in no wise forestall her states-
men in their attitude. The integrity of Turkey
and the safeguarding of her capital, which is
connected closely with the question of the
straits, are impprtant and vital interests of
the German empire only."
BELGIUM'S KEPLY TO POPE.
Belgium's reply to the peace note of Pope
Benedict XV., in August, 1917, was mad«
public Jan. 23, 1918. The reply was accom-
panied by a personal letter dated Dec. 27,
1917, from King Albert of Belgium to the
pope, reading as follows:
"Very Holy Father: I have taken note, with
lively sympathy and interest, of the mes-
sage your holiness was good enough to send
to the heads of the belligerent countries the
first of August, and have hastened to submit
it to my government, which has studied it
with most serious and deferential attention.
The result of that study has been recorded in
a note which I am happy to communicate to
your holiness.
"In associating myself with the wishes of
the holy see that a just and durable peace
may promptly put an end to the evils from
which humanity, and particularly the Belgian
people, so rudely tried, are suffering, I beg
your holiness to believe in my filial and re-
spectful attachment. ALBEBT."
Text of Reply.
The note of the Belgian government follows:
"The royal government, as soon as it re-
ceived the message of your holiness to the
heads Of the belligerents, hastened to reply
that it would study with the greatest defer-
ence the propositions the document exposed in
such elevating language.
"At the same time it desired particularly to
express its lively and profound gratitude for
the particular interest the holy father mani-
fested in the Belgian nation, and of which the
document was new and precious proof.
"At the outset of his message the holy
father took pains to declare he had forced
himself to maintain perfect impartiality to-
ward all the belligerents, which renders more
significant the judgment of his holiness when
he concluded in favor of the total evacuation
of Belgium and the re-establishment of its full
independence and also recognized the right of
Belgium for reparation for damages and the
cost of the war.
"Already in his consistorial allocution of
Jan. 22. 1915. the holy father had proclaimed
before the world that he reproved injustice and
he condescended to give the Belgian govern-
ment the assurance that in formulating that
reprobation it was the invasion of Belgium he
had directly in view.
"The honest people of all countries will re-
joice with the Belgian government that the in-
justice of which Belgium was the victim and
the necessity for reparation have been pro-
claimed and that the highest moral authority
of Christendom remains watchful amidst the
passion and conflicts of men.
"It was because of the gratitude felt on this
account, which was augmented by the numer-
our charitable acts of the holy father in favor
of so many Belgians, victims of the violence
of the enemy, that the royal government has
examined into the possibility of contributing
in the measures depending upon it toward the
realization of the double desire which inspires
the pontifical message: To hasten the end of
434
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
the present war and render a return of similar
catastrophes impossible by the adoption 01
guaranties destined to assure the supremacy of
right over force.
"At the beginning- of September the royal
government informed his holiness that it must
reserve decision regarding- its action on the
propositions contained in the message until
the powers at war with Belgium had clearly
made known their war aims. It added that in
any case Belgium would make no pronounce-
ment on general peace conditions and the reor-
ganization of international relations except in
full accord with the powers guaranteeing- its
independence, that have done honor to their
obligations toward her and whose arms fight
with hers for the cause of right.
"Nothing has modified the situation that ex-
isted at the moment the royal government
made known that point of view to his holi-
ness.
"However, Belgium seizes eagerly the occasion
furnished it by his holiness to repeat before
the civilized world what it wrote nearly a year
ago to President Wilson:
" 'Before the German ultimatum Belgium
aspired only to live on good terms with all its
neighbors. She practiced with scrupulpus loy-
alty toward each of them the duties imposed
by this neutrality.
" 'How was she recompensed by Germany
for the confidence she showed in her? If there
is a country that has the right to say it took
up arms to defend its existence it assuredly is
Belgium. She desires passionately that an end be
brought to the unheard of suffering's of its
population, but she would have kept only a
peace that would assure her at the same time
equitable reparation and security and guaran-
ties for the future.'
"The integrity of Belgium, the territory of
the mother country and colonies, political, eco-
nomic and military independence without con-
dition or restriction, reparation for damage
suffered and the guaranties against a renewal
of the aggression of 1914 — such remain the
indispensable conditions of a just peace BO far
as concerns Belgium.
"Any settlement that would not recognize
them would shake the very foundations of
justice, since it would forevermore be estab-
lished that in international domains the vio-
lation of right creates a claim for its author
and may become a source of profit.
"Since the royal government a year ago for-
mulated its conditions, it permits itself to re-
call that the reichstag voted resolutions called
peace resolutions. The chancellors and minis-
ters of foreign affairs have followed each other
in the German empire, and more recently in
the central empires, and have published notes
replying to the message of his holiness, but
never a word has been pronounced and never
a line written clearly recognizing- the indispu-
table rights of Belgium that his holiness has
not ceased to recognize and proclaim."
COUNT CZERNIN'S PEACE VIEWS.
Count Ottokar Czernin. the Austro-Hungariari
minister of foreign affairs, made a speech be-
fore the Austrian delegations in the reichs-
rath Jan. 24, 1918, explaining the stand of
the dual monarchy toward the peace aims
as set forth by President Wilson and Premier
David Lloyd George. He said in part:
"Although I am under no delusion and know
that the fruit of peace cannot be matured
in twenty-four hours, nevertheless I am con-
vinced that it is now maturing, and that the
question whether or not an honorable greneral
peace can be secured is merely a question of
resistance.
"President Wilson's peace offer confirms me
in this opinion. Naturally an offer of this
kind cannot be regarded as a matter accept-
able in every detail, for that obviously would
render any negotiations superfluous.
"I think there is no harm in stating- that I
regard the recent proposals of President Wil-
son as an appreciable approach to the Austro-
iiuiiganan point of view, and that to some of
them Austria-Hungary joyfully could give her
approval. But she must first lay down this
principle — that in so far as these propositions
concern her allies, whether in the case of Ger-
many's possession of Belgium or in the case
of Turkey, Austria-Hungary, faithful to her
engagements to fight to the end in defense of
her allies, will defend the possessions of her
war allies as she would her own. That is
the standpoint of our allies, in regard to '
which there is perfect reciprocity."
Count Czernin declared he must politely but
categorically refuse advice as to the manner
in which Austria and Hungary should manage
their internal administration, and he asserted
that there was not a more democratic par-
liament in the world than the Austrian par-
liament.
Referring to President Wilson's peace pro-
gram. Count Czernin said that he had no ob-
jection to the suppression of secret diplomacy,
although he doubted whether that method \vaa
in every case the most practical or rapid way
to arrive at results. The public discussion
of diplomatic treaties might, for example, in
the case of economic agreements, make im-
possible the conclusion of such agreements,
which are nothing but commercial transactions
and might increase friction between two states.
Count Czernin said as to the second point
in President Wilson's peace aims, freedom of
the seas, the president had responded to the
views of all and that he (Czernin) absolutely
and entirely supported this paragraph.
Regarding paragraph three in President Wil-
sons proposals — the removal of economic bar-
riers and the establishment of equality of
trade conditions — Count Czernin said:
"This article, which pronounces in a formal
manner hostility against a future economic
war, is just and reasonable."
On the subject of Italy, Serbia, Montenegro
and Roumama Count Czernin repeated what
he already had eaid to the Hungarian delegation.
"I refuse to place a premium on the mili-
tary adventures ol our enemy," said the min-
ister. "I refuse to make pur enemies, who
obstinately persist in wishing to wage war
until a final victory by one side, concessions
by which the monarchy would permanently
suffer and which would give them an infinite
advantage in being able to drag on the war
relatively without risk."
Count Czernin then invited President Wilson
to use his great influence to make the en-
tente allies declare on their side the condi-
tions on which they were ready to speak.
Count Czernin proceeded:
"We also are supporters of an independent
Polish state which would include all terri-
tories and populations which indisputably are
Poles. On this point also we believe we should
quickly come to an understanding with Presi-
dent Wilson.
"Finally, in his idea of a league of peoples
the president probably will meet with no op-
position in the monarchy. We, therefore,
are in agreement in the main. Our views are
identical not only on the broad principles re-
garding a new organization of the world after
the war but also on several concrete ques-
tions, and differences which still exist do not
appear to me to be so great that a conversa-
tion regarding them would not lead to en-
lightenment and a rapprochement.
"This situation, which doubtless arises
from the fact that Austria-Hungary on the
one side and the United States on the other,
are composed of states whose interests are
least at variance with one another, tempts
one to ask if an exchange of ideas between
the two powers could not be the point of
departure for a personal conversation between
all states which have not yet joined in peace
negotiations."
He then declared attain his wish for a free
Poland." He said: "The people of Poland must
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
436
freely and without being- influenced in any way
settle their own destiny."
WILSON TO HERTLING AND CZERNIN.
Replying- to the peace speeches of Chancel-
lor von Hertling of Germany and Foreign Min-
ister Czernin on Jan. 24 President Wilson ap-
peared before congress Feb. 11 and spoke as
follows:
"Gentlemen of the Congress:
"On Jan. 8 I had the honor of addressing-
you on the objects of the war as our people
conceive them. The prime minister of Great
Britain had spoken in similar terms on Jan.
5. To these addresses the German chancellor
replied on the 24th and Count Czernin for
Austria on the same day. It is gratifying- to
have our desire so promptly realized that all
excha/iges of views on this great matter should
be made in the hearing- of all the world.
"Count Czernin's reply, which is directed
chiefly to my own address on Jan. 8, is ut-
tered in a very friendly tone.
"He finds in my statement a sufficiently en-
couraging- approach to the views of his own
government to justify him in believing- that
it furnishes a basis for a more detailed discus-
sion of purposes by the two governments. He
is represented to have intimated that the
views he was expressing- had been communi-
cated to me beforehand and that I was aware
of them at the time he was uttering- them,
but in this I am sure he was misunderstood.
I had received no intimation of what he in-
tended to say. There was, of course, no reason
why he should communicate privately with
me. I .am quite content to be one of his pub-
lic audience.
"Count von Hertling-'s reply is, I must say,
very vague and very confusing;. It is full of
equivocal phrases and leads it is not clear
where. But it is certainly in a very different
tone from that of Count Czernin and appar-
ently of an opposite purpose. It confirms, I
am sorry to say, rather than removes, the un-
fortunate impression made by what we had
learned of the conferences at Brest-Litovsk.
His discussion and acceptance of our general
principles lead him to no practical conclusion.
"He refuses to apply them to the substan-
tive items which must constitute the body of
any final settlement. He is jealous of interna-
tional action and of international counsel. He
accepts, he says, the principle of public diplo-
macy, but he appears to insist that it be con-
fined, at any rate in this case, to generalities,
and that the several particular questions of
territory and sovereignty, the several ques-
tions upon whose settlement must -depend the
acceptance of peace by the twenty-three states
now engaged in the war, must be discussed
and settled, not in general council but sever-
ally by the nations most immediately con-
cerned by interest or neighborhood.
"He agrees that the seas should be free, but
looks askance at any limitation to that free-
dom by international action in the interest of
the common order. He would without reserve
be glad to see economic barriers removed be-
tween nation and nation, for that could in no
way impede the ambitions of the military
party with whom he seems constrained to keep
on terms. Neither does he raise objection to a
limitation of armaments. That matter will be
settled of itself, he thinks, by the economic con-
ditions which must follow the war. But the
German colonies, he demands, must be re-
turned without debate. He will discuss with
no one but the representatives of Russia what
dispositions shall be made of the peoples and
the lands of the Baltic provinces; with no one
but the government of France the 'conditions'
under which French territory shall be evacu-
ated: and only with Austria what shall be
done with Poland.
"In the determination of all questions af-
fecting- the Balkan states he defers, as I un-
derstand him. to Austria and Turkey: and
with regard to the agreements' to be entered
into concerning- the non-Turkish peoples of
the present Ottoman empire to the Turkish
authorities themselves. After a settlement all
around, effected in this fashion, by individual
barter and concession, he would have no ob-
jection, if I correctly interpret his statement.
to a league of nations which would under-
take to hold the new balance of power steady
against external disturbances.
"It must be evident to every one who un-
derstands what this war has wrought in the
opinion and temper of the world that no gen-
eral peace, no peace worth the infinite sacri-
fices of these years of tragical suffering, can
possibly be arrived at in any such fashion.
"The method the German chancellor pro-
poses is the methpd of the congress of Vienna.
We cannot and will not return to that. What
is at stake now is the peace of the world.
What we are striving- for is a new interna-
tional order based upon broad and universal
principles of right and justice — no mere peace
of shreds and patches. Is it possible that
Count von Hertling does not see that, does
not grasp it, is, in fact, living- in his thought
in a world dead and gone? Has he utterly for-
gotten the reichstag resolutions of the 19th of
July or does he deliberately ignore them?
They spoke of the conditions of a g-eneral
peace, not of national -aggrandizement or of
arrangements between state and state. The
peace of the world depends upon the just
settlement of each of the several problems to
which I adverted in my recsnt address to the
congress. I, of course, do not mean that the
peace of the world depends upon the accept-
ance of any particular set of suggestions as
to the way in which those problems are to be
dealt with. I mean only that these prob-
lems, each and all, affect the whole world;
that unless they are dealt with in a spirit of
unselfish and unbiased justice, with a view to
the wishes, the natural connections, the racial
aspirations, the security and peace of mind
of the peoples involved, no permanent peace
will have been attained.
"They cannot be discussed separately or in
corners. None of them constitutes a private
or separate interest from which the opinion of
the world may be shut put. Whatever affects
the peace affects mankind, and nothing set-
tled by military force, if settled wrong, ia
settled at all. It will presently have to be
reopened.
"Is Count von Hertling not aware that he is
speaking- in the court of mankind, that all the
awakened nations of the wprld now sit in
judgment on what every public man of what-
ever nation may say on the issues of a con-
flict which has spread to every region of the
world? The reichstag- resolutions of July
themselves frankly accepted the decisions of
that court. There shall be no annexations, no
contributions, no punitive damages. Peoples
are not to be handed about from one sov-
ereignty to another by an international con-
ference or an understanding between rivals
and antagonists. National aspirations must
be respected, peoples may now be dominated
and governed only by their own consent.
" 'Self-determination' is not a mere phrase;
it is an imperative principle of action, which
statesmen will henceforth ignore at their peril.
We cannot have general peace for the asking-
or by the mere arrangement of a peace con-
ference. It cannot be pieced together out of
individual understandings between powerful
states. All the parties to this war must join
in the settlement of every issue anywhere in-
volved in it, because what we are seeking1 is
a peace that we can all unite to guarantee and
maintain and every item of it must be sub-
mitted to the common judgment whether it
be right or fair, an act of justice rather than
a bargain between sovereigns.
'The United States has no desire to. interfere
in Etironean affairs or to act as arbiter in
Europenn territorial disputes. She would dis-
dain to take advantage of any interna.1
weakness or disorder to impose her own will
436
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
upon another people. She is quite ready to
be shown that the settlements she has sug-
gested are not the best or the most enduring-.
They are only her own provisional sketch of
principles and of the way in which they
should be applied.
"But she entered this war because she was
made a partner, whether she would or not,
in the sufferings and indignities inflicted by
the military masters of Germany against the
peace and security of mankind, and the con-
ditions of peace will touch her as nearly as
they will touch any other nation to which is
intrusted a leading- part in the maintenance
of civilization. She cannot see her way to
peace until the causes of this war are re-
moved, its renewal rendered as nearly as may
be impossible.
"The war had its roots in the disregard of
the rights of small nations and of nationali-
ties which lacked the union and the force to
make good their claim to determine their own
allegiances and their own forms of political life.
"Covenants must now be entered into which
will render such things impossible for the fu-
ture; and those convenants must be backed by
the united force of all the nations that love
justice and are willing to maintain it at any
cost. If territorial settlements and the po-
litical relations of great populations which
have not the organized power to resist are to
be determined by the contracts of the power-
ful governments which consider themselves
most directly affected as Count von Hertling
proposes why may not economic questions
also? It has come about in the altered world
in which we now find ourselves that justice
and the rights of peoples affect the whole
field of international dealing as much as ac-
cess to raw materials and fair and equal con-
ditions of trade.
"Count von Hertling wants the essential
bases of commercial and industrial life to be
safeguarded by common agreement and guar-
anty, but he cannot expect that to be con-
ceded him if the other matters to be deter-
mined by the articles of peace are not
handled in the same way as items in the final
accounting.
"He cannot ask the benefit of common agree-
ment in the one field without according it in
the other. I take it for granted that he sees
that separate and selfish compacts with re-
gard to trade and the essential materials of
manufacture would afford no foundation for
peace. Neither, he may rest assured, will
separate and selfish compacts with regard to
provinces and peoples.
"Count Czernin seems to see the funda-
mental elements of peace with clear eyes and
does not seek to obscure them. He sees that
an independent Poland made up of all the
indisputably Polish peoples who lie contiguous
to one another is a matter of European con-
cern and must, of course, be conceded: that
Belgium must be evacuated and restored no
matter what sacrifices and concessions that
may involve and that national aspirations
must be satisfied even within his own empire
in the common interest of Europe and man-
kind. If he is silent about questions which
touch the interest and purpose of his allies
more nearly than they touch those of Aus-
tria only, it must of course be because he
feels constrained, I suppose, to defer to Ger-
many and Turkey in the circumstances.
"Seeing and conceding as he does the essen-
tial principles involved and the necessity of
candidly applying them, he naturally feels that
Austria can respond to the purpose of peace
as expressed by the United States with less
embarrassment than could Germany. He would
probably have gone much further had it not
been for the embarrassments of Austria's alli-
ances and of her dependence upon Germany.
"After all, the test of whether it is possible
for either government to go any further in
this comparison of views is simple and obvious.
"The principles to be applied are these:
"1. That each part of the final settlement
must be based upon the essential justice of
that particular cause and upon such adjust-
ments as are most likely to bring a peace that
will be permanent.
"2. That peoples and provinces are not to be
bartered about from sovereignty to sov-
ereignty as it they were mere chattels and
pawns in a game, even the great game, now
forever discredited, of the balance of power;
but that—
"3. Every territorial settlement involved in
this war must be made in the interest and
for the benefit of the populations concerned
and not as a part of any adjustment or com-
promise of claims among rival states; and
"4. That all well defined national aspira-
tions shall be accorded the utmost satisfaction
that can be accorded them without intro-
ducing new or perpetuating old elements of
discord and antagonism that would be likely
in time to break the peace of Europe and
consequently of the world.
"A general peace erected on such founda-
tions can be discussed. Until such a peace
can be secured we have no choice but lo go
on. So far as we can judge these principles
that we regard as fundamental are already
everywhere accepted as imperative except
among the spokesmen of the military and
annexationist party in Germany. If they have
anywhere else been rejected, the objectors
have not been sufficiently numerous or in-
fluential to make their voices audible. The
tragical circumstance is that this one party in
Germany is apparently willing and able to
send millions of men to their death to pre-
vent what all the world now sees to be just.
"I would not be a true spokesman of the
people of the United States if I did not say
once more that we entered this war upon no
small occasion and that we never can turn
back from a course chosen .upon principle.
Our resources are in part mobilized now and
we shall not pause until they are mobilized
in their entirety. Our armies are rapidly
going to the fighting front and will eo more
and more rapidly.
"Our whole strength will be put into this
war of emancipation — emancipation from the
threat and attempted mastery of selfish groups
of autocratic rulers — whatever the difficulties
and present partial delays.
"We are indomitable in our power of in-
dependent action and can in no circumstance
consent to live in a world governed by in-
trigue and force. We believe that our own
desire for a new international order under
which reason and justice and the common in-
terests of mankind shall prevail is the desire
of enlightened men everywhere. Without that
new order the world will be without peace
and human life will lack tolerable conditions
of existence and development. Haying set our
hand to the task of achieving- it we shall
not turn back.
"I hope that it is not necessary for me to
add that no word of what I have said is
intended as a threat. That is not the temper
of our people. I have spoken thus only that
the whole world may know the true spirit of
America — that men everywhere may know that
our passion for justice and for self-govern-
ment is no mere passion of words, but a
passion which, once set in action, must be •
satisfied.
"The power of the United States is a
menace to no nation or people. It will never
be used in aggression or for the aggrandize-
ment of any selfish interest of our own. It
springs out of freedom and is for the service
of freedom."
LLOYD GEORGE ON HERTLING-CZERNIN
VIEWS.
Speaking in the house of commons, Feb. 12.
1918. Premier Lloyd George srjid :
"The government stands bv the considered
declaration of war aims which I made on
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
437
behalf oi my colleagues to the trade union
representatives early this year. I read with
profound disappointment the replies given to
President Wilson's speech and to one which
I delivered on behalf of the government by
the German chancellor and Count Czernin. It
is perfectly true that, as far as the tone is
concerned, there was a deal of difference be-
tween the Austrian and German speeches; but
I wish I could believe there was a difference
in the substance.
"I cannot altogether accent that interpreta-
tion of Count Czernin's speech. It was ex-
traordinarily civil and friendly in tone, but
when you come to the real substance of the
demand put forward by the allies it was
adamant.
"Mesopotamia. Palestine and Arabia were
put in exactly the same category as Belgium.
They were apparently to be restored to the
Turks on the same terms as Germany was to
restore Belgium. When you come to the de-
mands of Italy, Count Czernin said that cer-
tain offers had been made before the war to
Italy and they were now withdrawn as far as
the Slavonic population of Austria was con-
"It was a purely polite statement to Presi-
dent Wilson and to others that it was none
of their business to inquire. There was not
a single definite question dealt with about
which Count Czernin did not present a most
resolute refusal to discuss any terms which
might be regarded .as possible terms of peace.
"When you come to the German reply, it is
very difficult for any one to believe that
Count von Hertling could be even serious
about, some of the demands which were put
forward.
"What was his answer to the very moder-
ate terms put forward by the allies? His
answer was that Great Britain was to give up
her coaling stations throughout the world,
and he named half a dozen. That demand
was out forward for the first time, and I
confess that I think it was the last demand
that Germany ought decently to have put
forward. These coaling- stations have been
as accessible to the German as to British
ships in the past.
"The German fleet has always received most
hospitable treatment at all these coaling sta-
tions, and in 1913 something like fifty to
sixty German men-of-war and transports
visited these stations, where they received
exactly the same treatment as British men-of-
war. The same thing applies to German mer-
chant ships.
"This demand is the best possible proof
that the German empire, or those who at
present are in control of it, are not in the
mood to discuss reasonable terms of peace
with the allies. I regret it profoundly, but
it is no use crying peace when there is no
peace These terms were examined carefully,
with a real desire to find something in them
which indicated that the central powers were
coming somewhere near a basis of agreement.
I confess that that examination of these two
speeches proved profoundly disappointing1 to
those who are sincerely anxious to find a rea,l
and genuine desire for peace in them.
"The action of Germany in reference to
Russia proves that all her declarations about
no annexations and no indemnities have no
real meaning No answer has been given in
regard to Belgium which any one can regard
as satisfactory. There is no reference to Po-
land or the legitimate claims of France for
the restoration of her lost provinces, and no
word is said about the men of the Italian
race and tongue who are now under Austrian
rule.
"As to Turkey, there was nothing said by
either Count von Hertling or Count Czernin
indicating that they are prepared to recog-
nize the rights of the allies in regard either
to Mesopotamia or Turkey. There was noth-
ing but pure denial of those rights.
'•Until there is some better proof than is
contained in these speeches that the central
powers are prepared to consider the war aims
of the allies it will be our regrettable duty
to make all preparations necessary in order
to establish international right in the world.
HERTLING TO WILSON.
Speaking in the reichstag, Feb. 25, 1918.
Count von Hertling, the imperial German
chancellor, said:
"The reichstag has a right to receive an
explanatory statement in regard to the foreign
situation and the attitude of the government
concerning it. I will meet the obligation
arising: therefrom, even though I entertain
certain doubts as to the utility and success of
dialogues carried on by ministers and states-
men of. belligerent countries.
"Mr. Runciman in the house of commons
recently expressed the opinion that we would
get much nearer peace if, instead of this, re-
sponsible representatives of the belligerent
powers would come together in an intimate
meeting lor discussion. I can only agree
with him that that would be the way to re-
move numerous intentional and unintentional
misunderstandings and compel our enemies to
take our words as they are meant, and on
their part also to show their colors.
"I cannot, at any. rate, discover that the
words which I spoke here on two occasions
were received in hostile countries objectively
and without prejudice. Moreover, discussion
in an intimate gathering alone could lead to.
understanding on many individual questions
which can really be settled only by com-
promise.
"It has been repeatedly said that we do
not contemplate retaining Belgium, but that
we must be safeguarded from the danger of
a country with which we desire after the
war to live in peace and friendship becom-
ing the object or the jumping off ground of
enemy machinations. If, therefore, a proposal
came from the opposing side, for example
from the government in Havre, we should not
adopt an antagonistic attitude, even though
the discussion at first might only be unbind-
ing.
"Meanwhile it does not appear as if Mr.
Rumanian's suggestion has a chance of as-
suming tangible shape, and I must adhere to
the existihg methods of dialogue across the
channel and ocean.
"Adopting this method, I readily admit that
President Wilson's message of Feb. 11 repre-
sents, perhaps, a small step toward a mutual
rapprochement. I. therefore, pass over the
preliminary and excessively long declarations
in order to address myself immediately to the
four principles which, in President Wilson's
opinion, must be applied in a mutual ex-
change of views.
"The first clause says that each part of the
final settlement must be based upon the es-
sential justice of that particular case and
upon such adjustments as are most likely to
bring a peace that will be permanent.
"Who would contradict this? The phrase
coined by the great father of the church.
Augustine, fifteen hundred years agOT-'Justitia
fundamentum regnorum" — is still valid to-day.
Certain it is that only peace based in all its
parts on the principles of justice has a pros-
pect of endurance.
"The second clause expresses the desire that
peoples and provinces shall not be bartered
about from sovereignty to sovereignty as it
they were mere chattels and pawns in a
game, even the great game now forever dis-
credited, of the balance of power.
"This clause, too, can be unconditionally
assented to. Indeed, one wonders that the
president of the United States considered it
necessary to emphasize it anew. This clause
contains a polemic against conditipns long1
vanished views against cabinet politics and
cabinet wars, against mixing state territory
438
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and princely and private property, which be-
long1 to a past that is far behind us.
"1 do not want to he discourteous, but
when one remembers the earlier utterances of
President Wilson one murht think that he is
laboring1 under the illusion that there exists
in Germany an antagonism between an auto-
cratic government and a mass of people with-
out rights.
"And yet President Wilson knows — as. at
any rate, the German edition of his book on
'The State' proves — German political litera-
ture, and he knows, therefore, that with us
princes and government are the highest mem-
bers of the nation as a whole, organized in
the form of a state, the highest members,
with whom the final decision lies. But, see-
ing that they also, as the supreme organs,
belong to the whole, the decision is of such a
nature that only the welfare of the' whole
is the guiding line for a decision to be taken.
It may be useful expressly to point this out
to President Wilson's countrymen.
"Then, finally, at the close of the second
clause, the game of the balance of power
is declared to be forever discredited. We, too,
can only gladly applaud- As is well known,
it was England who invented the principle of
the maintenance of the balance of power, in
order especially to apply it when one of the
states on the European continent threatened
to become too powerful for her. It was only
another expression for England's domination.
"The third clause, according to which every
territorial settlement involved in this war
must be made in the interest and for the
benefit of the populations concerned, and not
as part of any mere adjustment or compro-
mise of claims among: rival states, is only
the application of the foregoing in a definite
direction, or a deduction from it, and is,
therefore, included in the assent given to that
clause.
"Now, in the fourth clause, he demands
that all well defined national aspirations shall
be accorded the utmost satisfaction that can.
be accorded them without introducing new or
perpetuating old elements of discord and an-
tagonism that would be likely in time to
break the peace of Europe and, consequently,
of the world. Here, also, I can give assent
in principle, and I declare, therefore, with
President Wilson, that a general peace on
such a basis is discussable.
"Only one reservation is to be made. These
principles must not be proposed by the presi-
dent of the United States alone, but they
must be also recognized definitely by all
states and nations. President Wilson, who
reproaches the German chancellor with a cer-
tain amount of backwardness, seems to me
in his flight of ideas to have hurried far in
advance of existing- realities.
"Certainly a league of nations erected upon
justice and mutual unselfish appreciation, a
condition of humanity in which war, together
with all that remains of the earliest barbar-
ism, should have completely disappeared and
in which there should be no bloody sacrifices,
no self-mutilation of peoples, no destruction
of laboriously acquired cultural values — that
would be an aim devoutly to be desired.
"But that aim has not yet been reached.
There does not yet exist a court of arbitra-
tion set up by all nations for the safeguard-
ing of peace in the name of justice. When
President Wilson incidentally says that the
German chancellor is speaking- to the court of
the entire world I must, as things stand to-
day, in the name of the German empire and
her allies, decline this court as prejudiced,
joyfully as I would greet it if an impartial
court of arbitration existed and gladly as I
would co-operate to realize such ideals.
"Unfortunately, however, there is no trace
of .1 similar state of mind on the part of the
leading powers in the entente. England's war
aims, as recently expresssed in Lloyd George's
speeches, are still thoroughly imperialistic and
want to impose on the world a peace ac-
cording to England's good pleasure. When
England talks about peoples' right of self-
determination she does not think of applying1
the principle to Ireland, Egypt or India."
Declaring that the new German operations
against Russia were taken at the request of
the populations to restore order and that
they did not aim at conquests, the chancellor
continued:
"Our war aims from the beginning were
the defense of the fatherland, the mainte-
nance of our territorial integrity and the free-
dom of our economic development. Our war-
fare, even where it must be aggressive in
action, is defensive in aim. I lay special
stress upon that just now in order that no
misunderstandings shall arise about our opera-
tions in the east.
"After the breaking1 off of peace negotia-
tions by the Russian delegation, Feb. 10, we
had a free hand as against Russia. The sole
aim of the advance of our troops, which was
begun seven days after the rupture, was to
safeguard the fruits of our peace with
Ukraine. Aims of conquest were in no way
a determining factor. We were strengthened
in this by the Ukrainians' appeal for support
in bringing about order in their young state
against the disturbances carried out by the
bolsheviki.
*If further military operations in other
regions have taken place, the same applies to
them. They in no way aim at conquest.
They are solely taking place at the urgent
appeals and representations of the populations
for protection against atrocities and devasta-
tion by red guards and other bands. They
hara, therefore, been undertaken in the name
of humanity. They are measures of assist-
ance and have no other character. It is a
question of creating peace and order in the
interest of peaceable populations.
"We do not intend to establish ourselves,
for example, in Esthonia or Livonia. In
Courland and Lithuania our chief object is to
create organs of self-determination and self-
administration. Our military action, however,
has produced a success far exceeding the orig-
inal aim.
"News was received yesterday that Petro-
grad had accepted our conditions and sent its
representatives to Brest-Litovsk for further
negotiations. Accordingly our delegates trav-
eled thither last evening. It is possible that
there will still be dispute about the details,
but the main thing- has been achieved. The
will to peace has been expressly announced
from the Russian side, while the conditions
have been accepted and the conclusion of
peace must ensue within a very short time.
"To safeguard the fruits of our peace with
Ukraine, our army command drew the sword.
Peace with Russia will be the happy result.
"Peace negotiations with Roumania began
at Bukharest yesterday. It appeared necessary
that Secretary yon •Kuehlmann should be pres-
ent there during- .the first days when the
foundations were laid. Now. however, he
will presumably soon go t6 Brest-Litovsk.
"It is to be remembered regarding negotia-
tions with Roumania that we are not taking
part in them alone and are under obligation
to champion the interests of our allies,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, and to
see to it that a compromise is arranged there
regarding any divergent desires that will pos-
sibly give rise to difficulties, but these diffi-
culties will be overcome.
"With regard to Roumania, too. the guid-
ing principle will be that we must, and de-
sire to, convert into friends the states with
which on the basis of the success of our
army we now conclude peace.
"I will say a word regarding Poland, in be-
half of whom the entente and President Wil-
son have recently appeared specially to in-
terest themselves, as a well known country
liberated from oppressive dependence on czar-
ALMAKAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
439
1st Russia by the united forces of Germany
and Austria-Hungary for the purpose of es-
tablishing: an independent state, which, in
unrestricted development of its national cul-
ture, shall at the same time become a pillar
of peace in Europe.
"The constitutional problem — in the nar-
rower sense, the Question what constitution
the new state shall receive^— could not, as is
easily understood, be immediately decided, and
is still in the stage of exhaustive discussions
between the three countries concerned.
"A fresh difficulty has 'been added to the
many difficulties which have in this connec-
tion to be overcome, difficulties especially in
the economic domain in consequence of the
collapse of old Russia. This difficulty results
from the delimitation of the frontier between,
the new state and adjacent Russian terri-
tory.
"For this reason the news of peace with
the Ukraine at first evoked great uneasiness
in Poland. I hope, however, that, with good
will and proper regard to the ethnographical
conditions, a compromise on the claims will
be reached. The announced intention to make
a serious attempt in this direction has greatly
calmed Polish circles.
"In the regulation of the frontier Question
only what is indispensable on military grounds
will be demanded on Germany's part.
"The entente are fighting for the acquisition
of portions of Austro-Hungarian territory by
Italy and for the severance of Palestine. Syria
and Arabia from the Turkish empire. Eng-
land has particularly cast an eye on portions
of Turkish territory. She has suddenly dis-
covered an affection for the Arabians, and she
hopes, by utilizing the Arabians, to annex
fresh territories to the British empire, per-
haps by the creation of a protectorate de-
pendent upon British domination.
"That the colonial wars of England are
directed at increasing and rounding out the
enormous British possessions, particularly in
Africa, has been repeatedly stated by British
statesmen.
"In the lace of this policy, entente states-
men dare to represent Germany as the dis-
turber of peace, who, in the interest of world
peace, must be confined within the narrowest
bounds. By a system of lies and calumny
they endeavor to instigate their own people
and neutral countries against the central pow-
ers and to disturb neutral countries with the
specter of the violation of neutrality by Ger-
many.
"Regarding the intrigues recently carried on
in Switzerland, we never thought, nor will
we think, of assailing Swiss neutrality. We
are much indebted to Switzerland. We ex-
press gratitude to her, Holland, the Scandi-
navian countries and Spain, who, by her
geographical position, is exposed to especial
difficulties, and no less to the extra-European
countries which have not entered the war. for
their manly attitude in that, despite all
temptations and oppressions, they preserve
their neutrality.
"The world yearns for peace and desires
nothing more than that the sufferings of war
under which it groans should come to an end.
But the governments of the enemy states con-
trive ever anew to stir the war fury among
their peoples.
"A continuation of the war to the utmost
was. so far as has transpired, the most re-
cent watchword issued by the conference of
Versailles, and in the English premier's
speeches it again finds loud echo.
"There are, however, other voices to be
heard in England; it is to be hoped that these
voices will multiply.
'T'he world now stands before the final de-
cision. Either our enemies will decide to
conclude peace — they know on what conditions
we are ready to begin a discussion — or they
will continue the insanity by their criminal
war of conquest.
"Our people will hold out further, but the
blood of the fallen, the agonies of the mu-
tilated, and the distress and sufferings of the
peoples will fall on the heads of those who
insistently refuse to listen to the voice of
reason and humanity."
BALFOUR TO HERTLING.
In the British house of commons. Feb. 27.
1918. Arthur J. Balfour, secretary of state
for foreign affairs, replying to the speech
made by Chancellor von Hertling before the
reichstag Feb. 25, said in part:
"I am convinced that I should be doing an
injury to the cause of peace if I encouraged
the idea that there is any use in beginning
these verbal negotiations until something like
a general agreement is apparent in the dis-
tance and until the statesmen of all the
countries see their way to that broad settle-
ment which, it is my hope, will bring peace
to the sorely troubled world."
Mr. Balfour, regarding the doctrine of the
balance of power, said that until German
militarism had become a thing of the past
and there was in existence a hall, or court,
armed with executive powers making the
weak as safe as the strong, it would never
be possible to ignore the principles under-
lying the struggle for the balance of power.
The chancellor's attitude concerning Belgium.
Mr. Balfour said, was completely unsatis-
factory and his lip service to President Wil-
son's propositions was not exemplified in Ger-
man practice.
Secretary Balfour justified his previous at-
titude on the ground that Chancellor von
Hertling and Count Czernin spoke after a con-
ference and agreement.
He said that Richard Holt, radical M. P.,
whose amendment to the address to the
throne expressing regret concerning the de-
cision of the Versailles conference was de-
feated by the house of commons two weeks
ago, appeared to be the only person in the
world who considered Chancellor von Hert-
ling's reference to Belgium satisfactory.
"Many questions must be settled at the
peace conference." Mr. Balfour continued,
but «the question of Belgium is the best
touchstone of the honesty of purpose of cen-
tral European diplomacy and especially of
German diplomacy. There is only one course
for the offending- nation in this case— namely,
unconditional restoration and reparation.
"When was Belgium the jumping off ground
of enemy machinations and why should Ger-
many suppose it is going to be?
"Belgium has been the victim, not the an-
thor. of these crimes, 'and why should she be
punished because Germany is guilty? Ger-
many always had in mind new territorial,
commercial or military conditions which
would prevent Belgium taking an independent
place among the nations, which Germany and
ourselves were pledged to preserve. \Vhat we
have to consider is how far Von Hertling's
lip service to President Wilson's four propo-
sitions really is exemplified by German prac-
tice."
The foreign secretary then analyzed the four
propositions and Von Hertling's attitude con-
cerning them, as well as the chancellor's
frame of mind regarding Alsace-Lorraine. He
continued:
"I could understand a German's taking a
different view to the view of the French.
British, Italian or American government, but
not a German discussing the principles of es-
sential justice and saying: "There is no ques-
tion of Alsace-Lorraine to go before a peace
conference.'
"Regarding President Wilson's second propo-
sition we have had within the last few weeks
a specimen of how Von Hertling interprets
in action the principle he so glibly approves
in theory. To take one instance only, the
cession of Polish territory to the Ukraine.
We would like to know how the Germans
440
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
came to make this gross violation of their
principle.
"Coming1 to the third proposition. Von Hert-
ling1 says, with justice, that the doctrine of
the balance of power is a more or less anti-
quated doctrine. He further accuses England
of being the upholder of that doctrine for
purposes of aggrandizement. That is a pro-
foundly unhistorical method of looking1 at the
question. Great Britain has fought time and
again for the balance of power, because only
by fighting could Europe be saved from the
domination of one overbearing and aggres-
sive nation.
"If Von Hertlinsr really wants to make the
balance of power antiauated. he can do it by
inducing his countrymen to abandon that
policy of ambitious domination which over-
shadows the world at this moment.
"I return to President Wilson's third and
fourth principles. Consider for a moment
how Von Hertling desires to see the principle
that the interest and benefit 9f the popula-
tions concerned should be considered in peace
arrangements. He mentions three countries
he wishes to see restored to Turkey — namely,
Armenia, Palestine and Mesopotamia.
"Does any one think that it would be to
the interest and benefit of the populatipns
concerned? Von Hertling accuses us of being
animated with purely ambitious designs when
we invaded Mesopotamia and captured Jeru-
salem. I suppose he would say that Russia
was similarly moved when she occupied Ar-
menia. But when Turkey went to war she
picked a quarrel with us for purely ambitious
purposes. She was promised by Germany
the possession of Egypt. Would the interest
and happiness of the population of Egypt be
best conserved by Turkish conquest of Egypt?
"The Germans in the search for the greatest
happiness of these populations would have
restored -Egypt to the worst rule the world
has ever known. They would have destroyed
Arab independence and abandoned Palestine to
those who had rendered it sterile all these
centuries.
"How could any one preach seriously pro-
fession of faith about the interests of popu-
lations after this evidence of the manner _ in
which Von Hertlinsr desires to see it carried
out? If the reichstag had any sense of
humor it must surely have smiled when it
heard the chancellor dealing in that spirit
with the dominating doctrine of every im-
portant German statesman, soldier and Ger-
man thinker for two generations at least.
"So much for the four principles which Mr.
Holt says Von Hertliner accepts and which he
thinks the British government ig backward
in not accepting. I hope my short analysis
may have convinced them that there are two
sides to that question.
"I cannot, however, leave Von Hertling
•without making some observation upon the
Russian policy which he defines. That also
is a demonstration of German methods. He
tells us the recent arrangements with Russia
were made on the urgent appeal of the popu-
lations for protection against the red guard
and other bands, and, therefore, undertaken
in the name of humanity. We know that the
east is the east and the west is the west
and that the German policy of the west is
entirely different from the German policy of
the east.
"The German policy in the east recently
has been directed toward preventing atrocities
and devastation in the interest of humanity,
while German policy in the west is occupied
entirely in performing atrocities and devasta-
tions.
"Why this difference of treatment of Bel-
gium on one side and other populations on
the other? I know of no explanation ex-
cept that Germany pursues her methods with
remorseless insistency and alters or varies the
excuse she gives for her policy.
"If she invades Belgium, it is military ne-
cessity: if Courland. it is in the interest of
humanity. It is impossible to rate very high
the professions of humanity, international
righteousness and equity in regard to those
populations which figure so largely in the
speeches. I am quite unable to understand
how anybody can set up in the reichstag and
claim that Germany is waging a defensive
war."
Secretary Balfour then contrasted the dif-
ferent methods pursued by Germany and
Great Britain in the expansion of their em-
pires, and asserted that Germany's policy has
been more 'deliberately ambitious than that
of any nation since Louis XIV.
"We can listen to Von Hertling's criticism
with perfect equanimity," he added, "and we
are ready to stand our tiial at the bar of
history. How could conversations take place
if Von Hertling's speech represented the ex-
treme high water mark of German conces-
sions?
"Does Mr. Holt really think that if Von
Hertling were able- to carry out those con-
versations on the basis of the doctrines con-
tained in his speech the conversations could
end in anything but defeat ? • Does Mr. Holt
not think that conversations which begin and
end in discord are worse than no conversa-
tions at all?"
COUNT CZERNIN'S PEACE SPEECH ON
APRIL 2.
Count Czernin. Austro-Hungarian minister
of foreign affairs, speaking to a delegation
from the Vienna city council April 2. 1918.
said:
"With the conclusion of peace with Rou-
mania the war in the east ended. Before,
however, turning to individual peace treaties
and discussing them in detail. I would like
to revert to the declaration of the president
of the United States, in which he replied to
the speech delivered by me on Jan. 24.
"In many parts of the world President Wil-
son's speech was interpreted as an attempt
to drive a wedge between Vienna and Berlin.
I do not believe that, because I have too high
an opinion of the president of the United
States and his outlook as a statesman to be-
lieve him capable of such a way of thinking.
President Wilson is no more able to ascribe
dishonorable action to us than we to him.
"President Wilson does not desire to sep-
arate Vienna from Berlin, and he knows, too,
that that would be impossible. Perhaps
President Wilson says to himself, however,
that Vienna is more favorable soil for sow-
ing the seed for a general peace. Perhaps
he says to himself that the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy has the good fortune to possess a
ruler who sincerely and honestly desires a
general peace, but who will never commit a
breach of faith or conclude a dishonorable
peace, and that behind the emperor-king there
are 55,000,000 people.
"President Wilson says also, perhaps, to
himself that this united mass represents a
force which is not to be underestimated and
that this honest and strong desire for peace
which binds the monarch s, governments and
peoples of both states is capable of being the
bearer of that great idea in the service of
which he has placed himself."
Referring to his last speech. Count Czernin
explained the misunderstanding of his remark
that the text was already in the president's
possession by declaring that he had previously
arranged for the text to be telegraphed to
Washington from an unofficial source in a
neutral country, in order to prevent any mis-
understanding or distortion. It subsequently
transpired, however, that the text only ar-
rived at its destination some days later.
Nevertheless, he said, the object was attained.
He then continued:
"I can only say that I esteem it highly
that the German chancellor, in his excellent
speech of Feb. 25, took the words out of my
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
441
mouth by declaring- that the lour principles
developed in President Wilson's speech of
Feb. 11 formed the basis upon which a gen-
eral peace could be discussed. I am in entire
agreement with this.
"The four points laid down by the presi-
dent are a suitable basis on which to begin
the discussion for a general peace. Whether,
however, the president will succeed in his en-
deavors to rally his allies on this basis or
not is a question.
"God is my witness that we have tried
everything1 possible to avoid a fresh offensive,
but the entente would not have it thus.
"Some time before the western offensive
began M. Clemenceau addressed to me an in-
quiry whether and upon what basis I was
prepared to negotiate. In agreement with
Berlin I immediately replied that I was pre-
pared to negotiate and that as far as France
was concerned the only obstacle I could see
in the way of peace was the French desire
tor Alsace-Lorraine.
"The reply from Paris was that it was im-
possible to negotiate on this basis. There-
upon there was no choice left.
"The colossal struggle in the west has al-
ready broken out. Austro-Hungarian and
German troops are fighting shoulder to shoul-
der, as they fought in Russia, Serbia, Rou-
mania and Italy. We are fighting together
for the defense of Austria-Hungary and Ger-
many. The aspirations of France and Italy
are Utopias which will be terribly avenged.
"Come what may. we shall not sacrifice
Germany's interests any more than she will
leave us in the lurch. We are not fighting
for imperialistic or annexationist ends for
ourselves or for Germany, but we shall go
forward to the last for our defense, for our
existence as a state and for our future.
"The first breach in the will of our enemies
for wan has been made by the peace negotia-
tions with Russia. It was a break-through
of the peace idea. It is evidence of childish
dilettantism to overlook the inner connection
between the various conclusions of peace. The
constellation of enemy powers in the east re-
sembled a net — when one mesh was severed
the others gave way.
"The Ukrainian peace led to peace with
Russia, and Roumania, becoming isolated, was
obliged to conclude peace. We had to begin
with Ukraine both on technical and material
grounds. The blockade had to be broken,
and the future will show that the conclusion
of peace with Ukraine was a blow at the
heart of the rest of our enemies.
"The peace concluded with Roumania, it is
calculated, will be the starting point of
friendly relations. The slight frontier recti-
fications which we receive are not annexa-
tions. Wholly uninhabited regions, they serve
solely for military protection. To those who
insist that these rectifications fall under the
category of annexations and accuse me of in-
consistency. I reply that I have publicly pro-
tested against holding out a license _ to our
enemies which would assure them against the
dangers of further adventure.
"From Russia I did not demand a single
meter, but . Roumania neglected the favorable
moment.
"The protection of mercantile shipping1 in
the lower Danube guarding the iron gate is
guaranteed by the extension of the frontier
to the heights of Turnu-Severin, by leasing1
for thirty years a valuable wharf near this
town, together with a strip along the river
bank at an annual rental of 1,000 lei, and
finally by obtaining the leasing rights to the
islands of Ostrovo. Marecorbn and Simeam.
and the transfer of the frontier several kil-
ometers southward in the region of the Pe-
troseny coal mine, which better safeguards
our possessions in the Szurdock pass coal
basin.
"Nagy-Szeben and Fogaras will recoive a
new security frontier of an average width of
from fifteen to eighteen, kilometers at all
passes of importance, as, for instance. Pre-
deal, Bodz. G.vimes, Bekas and Tolgyes. The
new frontier has been so far removed to Rou-
manian ground as military reasons required.
"The rectification east of Czernowitz has
protected the city against future attacks.
"At the moment when we are successfully
endeavoring to renew friendly and neigh-
borly relations with Roumania. it is unlikely
that we would open old wounds, but every
one knows the history of Roumania's en-
trance into the war and will admit that it
was my first duty to protect the monarchy
against future surprises of a similar kind.
"I consider the safest guaranty lor the
future international agreements to prevent
war. In such agreements, if they are framed
in binding form. I should see much stronger
guaranties against surprise attacks by neigh-
bors than in frontier rectifications. But I
thus far. except in the case of President Wil-
son, have been unable to discover among any
of our enemies serious inclination to accept
this idea. However, despite the small degree
of approval this idea receives, I consider that
it will nevertheless be realized.
"Calculating the burdens with which the
states of the world will emerge from this
war. I vainly ask myself how they will cover
military expenditure if competition in arma-
ments remains unrestricted. I do not believe
that it will be possible for the states after
this war adequately to meet the increased
requirements due to the war. I think, rather,
that financial conditions will compel the
states to enter into a compromise regarding
the limitations of armaments.
"This calculation of mine is neither ideal-
istic nor fantastic, but is based upon reality
in politics in the most liberal sense of the
word. I, .for my part, would consider it a
great disaster if in the end there should be
failure to achieve general agreements regard-
ing the diminution of armaments.
"It is obvious that in the peace with Rou-
mania we shall take precautions to have our
interests in the question of grain, food sup-
ply and petroleum fully respected. We shall
further take precautions that the Catholic
church and our schools receive the state of
protection they need, and we shall solve the
Jewish question. The Jew shall henceforth
be a citizen with eaual rights in Roumania.
"The irredentist propaganda, which has pro-
duced so much evil in Hungary, will be re-
strained, and, finally, precautions will be taken
to obtain indemnification for the injustice in-
nocently suffered by many of our country-
men owing to the war.
"We shall strive by means of a new com-
mercial treaty and appropriate settlement of
the railway and shipping questions to duly
protect our economic interests in Roumania.
"Roumania's future lies in the east. Large
portions of Bessarabia are inhabited by Rou-
manians, and there are many indications that
the Roumanian population there desires close
union with Roumania. If Roumania will
adopt a frank, cordial, friendly attitude
toward us >v<? will have no objections to
meeting those endencies in Bessarabia. Rou-
mania can gain much more in Bessarabia than
she lost in the war."
The minister said he was anxious that the
rectifications of the frontier should not leave
any embitterment behind, and expressed the
opinion that Roumania in her own interest
must turn to the central powers.
"In concluding peace with Roumania and
Ukraine," he continued, "it has been ray
first thought to furnish the monarchy with
foodstuffs and raw materials. Russia did not
come into consideration in this connection
owinfr to the disorganization there.
"We agreed with Ukraine that the quantity
of grain to be delivered to the central powers
should be at least 1,000.000 tons. Thirty
cars of grain and peas are now en route. 600
442
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
cars are ready to be transported, and these
transports will be continued until the im-
Eorts are organized and can begin regularly,
arger transports are rendered possible by the
peace with Roumania, which enables goods
to be sent from Odessa to Danube ports.
"We hope durim? May to undertake the
first large transport from Ukraine. While I
admit that the imports from Ukraine are still
small and must be increased, nevertheless our
food situation would have been considerably
worse had this agreement not been concluded.
"From Roumania we will obtain a consider-
able surplus of last year's harvest. More-
over, about 400,000 tons of grain, peas,
beans and fodder must be transported via the
Danube. Roumania must also immediately
provide us with 800,000 sheep and 100,000
pigs, which will improve our meat supply
slightly.
"It is clear from this that everything' will
be done to obtain from the exploitation ot
the regions which peace has opened for us in
the east whatever is obtainable. The diffi-
culties of obtaining- these supplies from
Ukraine are still considerable, as no state of
order exists there. But with the good will
of the Ukrainian government and our or-
ganization we will succeed in overcoming the
difficulties. An immediate general peace
would not give us further advantages, as all
Europe to-day is suffering from lack of food-
stuffs. While the lack of cargo space Pre-
vents other nations from supplying them-
selves, the granaries of Ukraine and Rou-
mania remain, open to the central powers."
Replying to the annexationists. Count
Czernin said:
"The forcible annexation of foreign peoples
would place difficulties in the way of a gen-
eral peace, and such an extension, of terri-
tories would not strengthen the empire. On
the contrary, considering the grouping of the
monarchy, they would weaken us. What we
require are not territorial annexations, but
economic safeguards for the future.
"We wish to do everything to create in the
Balkans a situation of lasting: calm. Not
until the collapse of Russia did there cease
to exist the factor which hitherto made it
impossible for us to brine about a definite
state of internal peace in the Balkans.
"We know the desire for peace is very
great in Serbia, but Serbia has been pre-
vented by the entente powers from conclud-
ing it. Bulgaria must receive from Serbia
certain districts inhabited by Bulgarians. We,
however, have no desire to destroy Serbia.
We will enable Serbia to develop, and we
would welcome closer economic relations with
her.
"We do not desire to influence the future
relations between the monarchy and Serbia
and Montenegro by motives conflicting- with
friendly, neighborly relations. The best state
of egoism is to come to terms with a beaten
neighbor which leads to this. My egoism re-
garding Austria-Hungary is that after being
conquered militarily our enemies must be con-
quered morally. Only then is victory com-
plete, and in this respect diplomacy must com-
plete the work of the armies.
"Since I came into office I have striven only
after one aim — namely, to secure an honorable
peace for the monarchy and to create a situa-
tion which will secure to Austria-Hungary
future free development, and, moreover, to do
everything possible to insure that this ter-
rible war will be the last one for time out of
mind. I have never sppken differently. I
do not intend to go begging for peace or to
obtain it by entreaties or lamentations, but
to enforce it by our moral right and physical
strength. Any other tactics I consider would
contribute to the prolongation of the war.
I must say, to my regret, that during- the
last few weeks and months much has been
spoken and done in Austria that prolongs the
•war. Those who are prolonging the war are
divided into various groups according to their
motives and tactics. There are, first, those
who continuously beg- for peace. They are des-
picable and foolish. To endeavor to conclude
peace at any price is despicable, for it is
unmanly, and it is foolish because it con-
tinuously feeds the already dying aggressive
spirit of the enemy. The desire for peace of
the great masses is natural as well as compre-
hensible, but the leaders of the people must
consider that certain utterances produce abrpad
just the opposite effect from what they desire.
"Firmly relying- on our strength and the jus-
tice of our cause, I have already concluded
three moderate but honorable peace treaties.
The rest of our enemies also begin to under-
stand that we have no other desire than to
se?ure the future of the monarchy and of our
allies, and that we intend to enforce this and
can and will enforce it. I shall unswervingly
prosecute this course and join issue with any
one who opposes me.
"The second group of war prolongers are the
annexationists. It is a distortion of fact to
assert that Germany has made conquest in the
east. Lenin's anarchy drove the border peo-
ple into the arms of Germany. Is Germany
to refuse this involuntary choice of foreign
border states?
"The German government has as little desire
for oppressions as we, and I am perfectly con-
vinced that neither annexationists nor weak-
lings can prevent forever a moderate and hon-
orable peace. They delay it, but they cannot
prevent it.
"The hopes of our enemies of final victory
are not merely based on military expectations
and the blockade. They are based to a great
extent on our interior political conditions and
on certain political leaders, not forgetting the
Czechs. Recently we were almost on the point
of entering- into negotiations with the western
powers, when the wind suddenly veered round
and, as we know with certainty, the entente
decided it had better wait, as parliamentary
and political events in oiir country justified
the hope that the monarchy would soon be
defenseless."
Count Czernin attacked the Czech leaders
and Czech troops who, he declared, "criminally
fight against their own country," and appealed
to the people to be united against this "high
treason."
The government, he said, was quite ready to
proceed to the revision of the constitution, but
this would not be helped by those who hoped
through the victory of the entente to gain
their ends.
"If we expel this poison," he declared, "a
general honorable peace is nearer than the
public imagines, but no one has the right to
remain aside in this last decisive struggle."
DENIED BY CLEMENCEAU.
Commenting- upon Count Czernin's statement
that France had sought to enter into peace
negotiations with Austria-Hungary Premier
Clernenceau merely said that "Czernin lied."
It was subsequently explained that Count Re-
vertata, an Austrian, and his distant relative.
Count Armand, a Frenchman, had met in
Switzerland at the former's invitation, but
that nothing- resembling authorized peace ne-
gotiations had occurred. Count Armand was
connected with the intelligence department of
the French war department.
On the evening of April 11 the following
note was made public by the French g-overn-
ment:
"Once caught in the cogwheels of lying, there
is no means of stopping. Emperor Charles,
under Berlin's eye, is taking on himself the
lying denials of Count Czernin and thus com-
pels the French government to supply the
proof.
"Herewith is the text of an autograph letter
cpmniunicated on March 31, 1917. by Prince .
Sixtus de Bourbon, the emperor of Austria's
brother-in-law, to President Poincare and com-
municated immediately, with the prince's con-
sent, to the French premier.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
443
" 'My Dear Sixtus: The end of the third year
of this war. which has brought so much
mourning1 and grief into the world, approaches.
All the peoples of my empire are more closely
united than ever in the common determination
to safeguard the integrity of the monarchy at
the cost even of the heaviest sacrifices.
•' 'Thanks to their union, with the generous
co-operation of all nationalities, my empire and
monarchy have succeeded in resisting the grav-
est assaults for nearly three years. Nobody can
question the military advantages secured by
my troops, particularly in the Balkans.
"•'France, on her side, has shown force, re-
sistance, and dashing courage which are mag-
nificent. We all unreservedly admire the admi-
rable bravery which is traditional to her army
and the spirit of sacrifice of the entire French
people.
" 'Therefore, it is a special pleasure to me to
note that, although for the moment adver-
saries, no real divergence of views or aspira-
tions separates many of my empire from
France, and that I am justified in hoping- that
my keen sympathy for France, joined to that
which prevails in the whole monarchy, will
forever avoid a return of the state of war, ior
which no responsibility can fall on me.
" 'With this in mind, and to show in a defi-
nite manner the reality of these feelings, I beg
you to convey privately and unofficially to
President Poincare that I will support by ev-
ery means and by exerting all my personal in-
fluence with my allies France's just claims re-
garding Alsace-Lorraine.
" 'Belgium should be entirely re-established
in her sovereignty, retaining entirely her Afri-
can possessions without prejudice to the com-
pensations she should receive for the losses she
has undergone.
" 'Serbia should be re-established in her sov-
ereignty. and, P-S a pledge of pur good will, we
are ready to assure her equitable natural ac-
cess to the Adriatic and also wide economic
concessions in Austria-Hungary.
" 'On her side, we will demand, as primordial
and essential conditions, that Serbia cease in
the future all relation with and suppress every
association or group whose political object
aims at the disintegration of the monarchy,
particularly the Serbian political society Na-
rodni Ochrana: that Serbia loyally and by ev-
ery means in her power prevent any kind of
political agitation, either in Serbia or beyond
her frontiers, in the foregoing direction and
give assurance thereof under the guarantee of
the eatente powers.
" "The events in Russia compel me to re-
serve my ideas with regard to that country
until a legal definite g-overnment is estab-
lished there.
" 'Having thus laid my ideas clearly before
you. I would ask you in turn, after consulting
with these two powers, to lay before me the
opinion first of France and England with a
view to thus preparing the ground for an un-
derstanding on the basis of which official pre-
liminary negotiations could be taken up and
reach a result satisfactory to all.
" 'Hoping that thus we will soon be able
together to put a limit to the sufferings of so
many millions of men and families now
plunged in sadness and anxiety, I beg to assure
you of my warmest and most brotherly affec-
tion. CHARLES.' "
The note adds: "Count Czernin, having rec-
ognized by his note of April 8 the existence of
this negotiation due to the initiative of a per-
sonage of 'a rank far above his." the Austrian
government now i9 summoned to give an ex-
planation of the 'attempt' avowed by it and of
the details of the conversation of its dele-
gates."
EMPEROR CHARLES DENIES IT.
An official statement giving the text of a
telegram from Emperor Charles to Emperor
William relative to the claim of Premier Clem-
enceau that the former recognized the claims
of France to Alsace-Lorraine was issued on the
same day (April 11) in Vienna. The state-
ment reads:
"I accuse M. Clemenceau of piling up lies to
escape the web of lies in which he is involved,
making the false assertion that I in some man-
ner recognized France's claims to Alsace-Lor-
raine as just.
"I indignantly repel the assertion. At the
moment when Austro-Hungarian cannon are
firing alongside of the German artillery on the
western front no proof is necessary that I am
fighting for your provinces."
HERTLING ON GERMAN PEACE VIEWS.
Speaking before the German reichstag July
11. 1918. Chancellor von Hertling said:
I maintain the standpoint of the imperial
reply to the peace note of Pope Benedict. The
pacific spirit which inspired this reply has also
inspired me. At the time, however, I added
that this spirit must not give our enemies free
conduct lor an interminable continuation of the
w^'^h?;t have ^e Uved to see- however?
While for years there can have been no doubt
whatever of our willingness to hold out our
hand toward an honorable peace we have
heard until these last few days incitin-
speeches delivered by enemy statesmen. Presi-
dent Wilson wants war until we are destroyed
and what Mr. Balfour, the British secretary of
state for foreign affairs, has said must really
drive the flush of anger to the cheeks of ev-
ery German.
"We feel for the honor of our fatherland
and we cannot allow ourselves to be con-
stantly and openly insulted in this manner and
behind these insults is the desire for our de-
struction. As long as this desire for our de-
struction exists we must endure, together with
our faithful nation.
"I am also convinced — I know it — that in
the widest circles of our nation the same seri-
ous feeling- exists everywhere. As long as the
desire for our destruction exists we must hold
out, and we will hold out, with confidence in
our troops, in our army administration and
our magnificent nation, which bears so won-
derfully these difficult times, with thejr great
privations and continuous sacrifices.
"In the direction of our policy nothing- will
be changed. If, in spite of these hostile state-
ments by these statesmen, any serious efforts
or a paving of the way to peace were to show
themselves anywhere, then, quite certainly, we
would not adopt a negative attitude from the
very beginning, but we would examine these
seriously meant — I say expressly seriously —
efforts immediately with scrupulous care.
"Naturally it is not sufficient when some
agent or other approaches us and says to us:
'I can bring about peace negotiations then and
there.' But it is necessary for the appointed
representatives of the enemy powers, duly au-
thorized by their governments, to give us to
understand that discussions are possible, dis-
cussions which for the time being naturally
will be within a limited circle.
"But the statesmen who have spoken up to
the present time have not said a word about
such possibilities. When such possibilities
manifest themselves and when serious inclina-
tions toward peace show themselves on the
other side then we will immediately go into
them. That is to say, we will not reject them
— and we will speak, to begin, within a small
circle.
"I also can tell you that this standpoint is
not merely my own standpoint but that it is
shared emphatically by the chief of the army
administration. The chief of the army admin-
istration also does not conduct war for the
sake of war, but has said to me that as soon
RS a serious desire for peace manifests itself
on the other side we must follow it lip.
"You will be interested to know how we are
working on this standpoint and certain prob-
lems will appear which the present time forces
444
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
upon us. Exhaustive discussions took place
regarding' these questions July 1 and 2 at gen-
eral headquarters, under the presidency of the
kaiser.
"Naturally, I can only announce here quite
generally the lines which were laid down at
that time. Regarding the east, we stand on
the basis of the peace of Brest-Litovsk and
we wish to see this peace carried out in a
loyal manner. That is the wish of the Ger-
man imperial administration and it is sup-
ported in this by the chief of the army admin-
istration.
"However, the difficulty of the execution of
the peace of Brest-Litovsk does not lie on our
side, but in the fact that conditions in Russia
are still exceedingly uncertain. We are in-
clined to believe in the loyalty of the present
Russian government, and especially in the loy-
alty of the representative of the Russian gov-
ernment in Berlin.
"But we may not, and cannot, assume un-
conditionally that the present Russian govern-
ment has the power to carry through every-
where the loyal promises made to us. We do
not at all wish to create difficulties lor the
present Russian government, but, as condi-
tions now are, there are incessant develop-
ments and endless frictions in the frontier re-
gion. However, our principle is that we stand
on the basis of peace made at Brest-Litovsk
and we will carry out tms peace loyally and
will deal loyally with the present government.
"They are still under the depressing in-
fluence of a terrible crime in Moscow. The
murder of our ambassador there was an act
in violation of international law than which.
a worse could never cry to heaven.
"All indications point to the fact that the
accursed deed was instigated by the entente
allies in order to involve us in fresh war with
the present Russian government— a state of
things which we are most anxious to avoid.
We do not want fresh war with Russia. The
present Russian government desires peace and
needs peace, and we are giving her our sup-
port in this peaceful disposition and aim.
"On the other hand, it is true that political
currents of very varied tendencies are circu-
lating1 in the Russian empire — movements hav-
ing the most diverse aims, including the mon-
archist movement of the constitutional demo-
crats and the movements of the social revolu-
tionaries. We will not commit ourselves to
any political countercurrent, but are giving
careful attention to the course Russia is steer-
ing."
BARON VON BURIAN'S PEACE VIEWS.
Baron von Burian, the Austro-Hungarian
foreign minister, made a report July 16, 1918,
to the Austrian and Hungarian premiers in
which he said:
"There is hardly any difference between the
general principles enunciated by the statesmen
of both belligerents. President Wilson's four
new points of July 4 shall not, apart from cer-
tain exaggerations, arouse our opposition.
"On the contrary, we are able to approve
them heartily to a great extent. Nobody would
refuse homage to this genius, and nobody
would refuse his co-operation. This, however,
is not the main point, but it is what can also
be understood in the interests of mankind.
Both groups should certainly honestly attempt
to clear this up 'and settle it by mutual agree-
ment, but not in the same manner as, for in-
stance, our peace treaties in the east were
judged.
"None of the belligerent states need ever
come into the position of Russia and Rou-
mania.
"If they, nevertheless, represent the peace
treaties as a warning of our treatment of a
defeated enemy we do not consider the re-
proach justified.
"The fact is that all our opponents were in-
vited to join in those peace negotiations, and
they could have contributed their share in
bringing them to a different issue. But now,
when it is too late, their criticism stands on
weak grounds, for there is no legal right which
would have entitled them to condemn the
peace conditions which were acceptable to the
contracting parties or which could not be
avoided.
"If we sum up all that has been said on the
enemy s side in regard to their war aims we
recognize three groups of aspirations which
are being set forth to justify the continuation
of bloodshed so that the ideals of mankind
may be realized:
"The freedom of all nations, which are to
form a league of nations and which in future
shall settle their differences by arbitration and
not by arms, is to reign.
"The domination of one nation by another
nation is to be excluded.
"Various territorial changes are to be car-
ried out at the expense of the central powers.
"These annexationist aims, though variously
shaped, are generally known.
"The intention, however, also exists, espe-
cially in regard to Austria-Hungary, to carry
out her internal disintegration for the purpose
of the formation of new states. Finally our
opponents demand our atonement because we
dared to defend ourselves — and successfully —
against their attacks. Our ability to defend
ourselves is termed militarism and must there-
fore be destroyed.
"Territorial aims are, in fact, the only
things now separating the different belligerent
groups.
"For the great interests of humanity and
for the justice, freedom, honor and peace of
the world, as set forth in the laws of modern
political conception, regarding which we need
not accept any advice, we also are ready to
fight.
"If our enemies continuously demand atone-
ment lor wrong done and restitution, then this
is a claim which we could urge with more
justification against them, because we have
been attacked and the wrong done to us must
be redressed.
"The enemy's obstinacy regarding his terri-*
torial demands regarding Alsace-Lorraine,
Trieste, the Trentino and the German colonies
appears to be insurmountable. There lies the
limit of our readiness for peace. We are pre-
pared to discuss everything except our own
territory.
"The enemy not only wants to cut Irom Aus-
tria-Hungary what he would like lor himself,
but the inner structure, that of the monarchy
itself, too, is to be attacked and the monarchy
dissolved, if possible, into component parts.
"Our opponents start from a completely me-
chanical misjudgment of the character of the
Austro-Hungarian monarchy and prefer in their
satisfaction to overlook in the present difficult
international problems the fact that these
states with their various nationalities are no
accidental structure, but a product of histori-
cal and ethnographical necessity. Which carry
in themselves the fundamental principle of life
and race.
"They therefore possess, and this applies fully
to Austria and Hungary, the necessary elastic-
ity and adaptability to the changing events of
the times and the ability to reform themselves
according to the necessity of their standard of
development and to solve all internal crises
without uncalled lor foreign interference.
"As has always been the case lor centuries
past, the states and races of the monarchy
will settle their internal problems in agreement
with their ruler. The monarchy resolutely de-
clines foreign interference in any form, just as
it does not meddle with the affairs of for-
eigners.
"Our enemy's inflammatory activity is not
content with trying to stir up our races against
one another, but it does not even scruple, by
means of circulating monstrous and base cal'
umnies, to sow distrust between the races oJ
the monarchy and the hereditary dynasty."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
446
GERMAN PEACE FEELERS.
When the powerful German offensive on the
western front beginning- March 21, 1918, failed
the central powers began to put out various
peace feelers, the substance of which was that
it the allies would return the German colonies
and permit Germany to retain the conquered
Russian provinces and retain her old. boundaries
on the west — meaning the retention of Alsace
and Lorraine — they could have peace. It was
made plain in various ways that the central
powers were in favor of peace by negotiation —
a peace in which the allies, including Belgium,
were to receive no indemnities and in which
Germany and Austria were to retain the con-
quered territories in Russia and the indemni-
ties imposed on Belgium. Roumania. Serbia,
Montenegro, portions of France and Italy and
Russia. For example. Chancellor von Hertling
told the reichstag in the early part of August
that Germany intended to keep Belgium until
the allies fulfilled certain conditions, including
the payment of indemnities and the re-estab-
lishment of Germany and Austria as before the
war, plus the advantage obtained through the
Russian and Roumanian peace treaties.
Following are brief extracts from utterances
on the peace Question by leaders representing
the allies and the central powers prior to .a
direct proposal made by Austria-Hungary in
September for a nonbinding peace conference.
Prime Minister Lloyd George. Aug. 7.— "You
cannot have peace so long as those who made
the war are still predominant in the councils
of our chief enemy."
Arthur J. Balfour. British secretary of state
for foreign affairs, Aug. 8.— "The true 9bstacle
to any legitimate peace is German militarism.
The abyss separating the central powers from
the allies is so deep as hardly to be plumbed
and so wide as hardly to be bridged. An in-
strument so powerful for universal evil as a
great colonial empire should not be given to
Germany at the end of the war."
Dr. Wilhelm Solf. German colonial secretary.
Aug. 20. — "Belgium shall rise again after the
war as an independent state, vassal to no one.
Nothing stands in the way of the restoration
of Belgium but -the enemy's will to war. The
entente is again waging- war for plunder ana
erloryV'
Lord Robert Cecil, assistant British secretary
for foreign affairs, Aug. 23.— "Dr. Solf wants
us to believe that German rulers have been
converted to the idea of a league of nations, to
some better international system. We see no
hope of any such scheme unless preceded by
victory and the acknowledgment by Germany
that its whole militarist system has been a
profound and disastrous crime."
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts,
republican leader in the United States senate,
Aug. 23.— "The Germans, repulsed and losing.
Will undoubtedly resort to their other weapon,
which they have used more than once during
this war with terrible effect. They will begin
an insidious and poisonous peace propaganda.
• • * As this war is utterly different from
any other war the world has ever known, so
must the peace which concludes it be utterly
different from any peace which the world has
ever known. It cannot be a peace of bargain,
of give and take, and of arrangement. No
peace that satisfies Germany in any degree can
ever satisfy us. It cannot be a negotiated
peace. It must be a dictated peace and we and
our allies must dictate it."
Emperor William, to German bishops. Aug.
24. — "Let us strengthen in our people a recog-
nition of the dangers threatening from our en-
emies, a firm determination to overcome all
that is burdensome and a strong faith in the
Lord's help and in our strength. Then, I am
convinced. Germany will be invincible and the
future will be ours."
Count von Hertling. imperial German chan-
cellor, to Catholic Students' union, Aug. 31. —
"The army command regards the military sit-
uation with complete calm and confidence, even
if it has been obliged for strategical reasons to
withdraw our lines at several points. * « •
We implore the Almighty, who hitherto has so
deafly stood by us, that we may not have to
wait too long for the day when our adver-
saries shall perceive that they cannot destroy
us."
Count von Hertling- to constitutional com-
mittee of the Prussian upper house. Sept. 5. —
"With this serious question [franchise reform]
the protection and preservation of the crown
and the dynasty are at stake."
Emperor William in message to municipality
of Munich. Sept. 5. — "The German people un-
derstands the difficulty of the present decisive
battles against an enemy filled with hatred,
jealousy and the will to destruction, but has
unanimously decided to devote all its strength
to defend against the assaults of its enemies
its sacred soil and its kultur which it has won
in peaceful work."
Admiral von Hintze, German foreign secre-
tary, to journalists and diplomatic corps in
Vienna, Sept. 6. — "Just as peace came in the
east so it will come in the west. Though it
perhaps will take some time, we need not be
discouraged by the enemy's cries of victory."
Baron Stephan Burian, Austro-Hungarian for-
eign minister, in address to visiting German
newspaper men, Sept. 10. — "We desire to the
best of our ability to contribute to a mutual
understanding and help pave the way for con-
ciliation."
Premier Lloyd George in speech at Manches-
ter. England. Sept. 12. — "There is no compro-
mise between freedom and tyranny, no compro-
mise between light and darkness. • • • This
must be the last war."
Baron von Hussarek. Austrian foreign min-
ister, Sept. 12. — "Under the glorious Hapsburg
scepter for centuries Austria has become a state
of strength which will enable it to offer strong
resistance to all attempts to break it up."
Emperor William, speaking to Krupp muni-
tion workers at Essen. Sept. 12.— "The German
swords are raised, hearts are strong and mus-
cles are taut. On to battle against everything
that stands against us, no matter how long it
lasts, so help us God!"
Friedrich von Payer. German imperial vice-
chancellor, Sept. 12. — "There will be no peace
of conquest. * * * We cannot hand over
Poland to Russia nor can we assist in having
Finland again placed under the Russian yoke.
We cannot leave to their fate the border states
which lie on the German frontier and the Bal-
tic."
AUSTRIA MAKES PEACE PROPOSAL.
On the afternpon of Sept. 14 the following
official communication from the Austro-Hun-
garian government was handed to the repre-
sentatives of the entente in Bern. Switzerland.
It was also presented at Berlin, Sofia and Con-
stantinople and at the same time was brought
to the attention of neutral powers:
"An objective and conscientious examination
of the situation of all the belligerent states no
longer leaves doubt that all peoples, on what-
ever side they may be fighting, long for a
speedy end to the bloody struggle. Despite this
natural and comprehensible desire for peace, it
has not so far been possible to create those
preliminary conditions calculated to bring the
"eace efforts nearer to realization and bridge
t*"? gap which at present still separates the
belligerents from one another. A more ef-
fective means must, therefore, be considered
whereby the responsible factors of all the coun-
tries can be offered an opportunity to investi-
gate the present possibilities of an understand-
ing.
"The first step which Austria-Hungary, in ac-
cord with her allies, undertook on Dec. 12.
1916, for the bringing about ~>i peace, did not
lead to the end hoped for. The grounds for
this lay assuredly in the situation at that time.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
In prder to maintain in their peoples the war
spirit, which was steadily declining, the allied
governments had by the most severe means
suppressed any discussion of the peace idea.
And so it came about that the ground for
a peace understanding was not properly pre-
pared. The natural transition from the wild-
est war agitation to a condition of conciliation
was lacking.
"It would, however, be wrong to believe the
peace step we then took was entirely without
result. Its fruits consist of something which, is
not to be overlooked — that the peace question
has not since vanished from the order of the
day. The discussions which have been carried
on before the tribunal of public opinion have
disclosed proof of the not slight differences
which to-day still separate the warring powers
in their conception of peace conditions. Nev-
ertheless, an atmosphere has been created
which no longer excludes the discussion of
the peace problem.
"Without optimism it at least assuredly may
be deduced from the utterances of responsible
statesmen that the desire to reach an under-
standing and not to decide the war exclusively
by force of arms is also gradually beginning
to penetrate into allied states, save for some
exceptions in the case of blinded war agitators.,
which are certainly not to be estimated lightly.
"The Austro-Hungarian government is aware
that after the deep reaching convulsions which
have been caused in the life of the peoples by
the devastating effects of the world war it will
not be possible to re-establish order in the tot-
tering world at a single stroke. The path that
leads to the restoration of peaceful relations
between the peoples is cut by hatred and embit-
terment. It is toilsome and wearisome, yet it
is our duty to tread this path — the path of
negotiations — and if there are still such respon-
sible factors as desire to overcome the op-
ponent by military means and to force the will
to victory upon him, there can, nevertheless,
no longer be doubt that this aim, even assum-
ing that it is attainable, would first necessi-
tate a further sanguinary and protracted
struggle.
"But even a later victorious peace will no
longer be able to make good the consequences
of such a policy — consequences which will be
fatal to all the states and peoples of Europe.
The only peace which would righteously adjust
the still divergent conceptions of the opponents
would be a peace desired by all the peoples.
"With this consciousness, and in its unswerv-
ing endeavor to work in the interests of peace,
the Austro-Hungarian government now again
comes forward with a suggestion with the ob-
ject of bringing about a direct discussion be-
tween the enemy powers.
"The earnest will to peace of wide classes of
population of all the states who arp jointly
suffering through the war — the indisputable
rapprochement in individual controversial
questions — as well as the more conciliatory at-
mosphere that is general, seems to the Austro-
Hungarian government to give a certain guar-
anty that a fresh step in the interests of peace,
which also takes account of past experiences
in this domain, might at the present moment
offer the possibility of success.
"The Austro-Hungarian government has.
therefore, resolved to point out to all the bel-
ligerents, friend and foe, a path considered
practicable by it and to propose to them jointly
to examine in a free exchange of views whether
those prerequisites exist which would ma, AC
the speedy inauguration of peace negotiations
appear promising. To this end the Austro-
Hungarian government has to-day invited the
governments of all the belligerent states to a
confidential and unbinding discussion at a neu-
tral meeting place and has addressed to them a
note drawn up in this sense.
"This step has been brought to the knowl-
edge of the holy see in a special note and an
appeal thereby made to the pope's interest- in
peace. Furthermore, the governments of the
neutral states have been acquainted with the
step taken. The constant close accord which
exists between the four allied powers warrants
the assumption that the allies of Austria-Hun-
gary, to whom the proposal is being sent in the
same manner, share the views developed in the
note."
The official telegram proceeds to say that the
note has been drawn up in French and runs as
follows :
"The peace offer which the powers of the
quadruple alliance addressed to their oppo-
nents on Dec. 12, 1916. and the conciliatory
basic ideas which they have never given up.
signifies, despite the rejection which it experi-
enced, an important stage in the history of this
war. In contrast to the first two and a half
years, the question of peace has from that mo-
ment been the center of European eye. of
world discussion, and dominates it in ever in-
creasing measure.
"Almost all the belligerent states have in
turn again and again expressed themselves on
the question of peace, its prerequisites and con-
ditions. The line of development of this dis-
cussion, however, has not been uniform and
steady. The basic standpoint changed under the
influence of the military and political position,
and hitherto, at any rate, it has not led to a
tangible general result that could be utilized.
"It is true that, independent of all these oscil-
lations, it can be statsd that the distance be-
tween the conceptions of the two sides has on
the whole grown somewhat less; that despite
the indisputable continuance of decided and
hitherto unbridg d differences, a partial turn-
ing ivom many of the most extreme concrete
war aims is visible, and a certain agreement
upon the relative general basic principles of a
world peace manifests itself. In both camps
there is undoubtedly obs-rvable in wide classes
of the population a growth of the will to peace
and understanding.
"Moreover, a comparison of the reception of
the peace proposal of the powers of the quad-
ruple alliance on the part of their opponents
with the later utterances of responsible states-
men of the latter, as well as of the nonrespon-
sible but in a political respect no wise unin-
fluential personalities, confirms this impression.
"While, for example, the reply of the allies
to President Wilson made demands which
amounted to the dismemberment of Austria-
Hungary, to a diminution and a deep internal
transformation of the German empire, and the
destruction of Turkish European ownership—
these demands, the realization of which was
based on the supposition of an overwhelming
victory, were later modified in many declara-
tions from official entente quarters, or in part
were dropped.
"Thus, in a declaration made in the British
house of commons a year ago. Secretary Bal-
f our expressly recognized that Austria-Hungary
must itself solve its internal problems and that
no one could impose a constitution upon Ger-
many from the outside.
"Premier Lloyd George declared at the begin-
ning of this year that it was not one of the
allies' war aims to partition Austria-Hungary.
to rob the Ottoman empire of its Turkish
provinces or to reform Gsrmany internally.
"It may also be considered symptomatic that
in December. 1917. Mr. Balfour categorically
repudiated the assumption that British policy
had ever engaged itself for the creation of an
independent state out of the territories on the
left bank of the Rhine.
"The central powers leave it in no doubt
that they are only waging a war of defense for
the integrity and the security of their terri-
tories.
"Far more outspoken than in the domain of
concrete war aims has the rapprochement of
conceptions proceeded regarding those guiding
lines upon the basis of which peace shall be
concluded and the future order of Europe and
the world built up. In this direction President
Wilson in his speeches of Feb. 12 and July 4
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
417
cf this year has formulated principles which
have not encountered contradiction on the part
of his allies and the far reaching: application
of which is likely to meet with no objection on
the part of the powers of the quadruple alli-
ance also, presupposing that this application is
general and reconcilable with the vital inter-
ests of the states concerned.
"It is true, it must be remembered, that an
agreement on general principles is insufficient,
but that there remains the further matter of
reaching1 an accord upon their interpretation
and their application to individual concrete
\var and peace questions.
"To an unprejudiced observer there can be no
doubt that in all the belligerent states, without
exception, the desire for a peace of understand-
ing has been enormously strengthened: that the
conviction is increasingly spreading that the
further continuance of the bloody struggle
must transform Europe into ruins and into a
state of exhaustion that will mar its develop-
ment for decades to come — and this without
any guaranty of thereby bringing about that
decision by arms which has been vainly striven
after by both sides in four years filled with
enormous sacrifices, sufferings and exertions.
"In what manner, however, can the way be
paved for an understanding and an understand-
ing finally attained? Is there any serious -pros-
pect, whatever of reaching this aim by cpntin-
uing the discussion of the peace problem in the
way hitherto followed?
"We have not the courage to answer the lat-
ter question in the affirmative. The discussion
from one public tribune to another, as has
hitherto taken place between statesmen of the
various countries, was really only a series of
monologues. It lacked, above everything, di-
rectness. Speech and counterspeech did not fit
into each other. The speakers spoke over one
another's head.
"On the other hand were the publicity and
the ground of these discussions, which robbed
them of the possibility of fruitful progress. In
all public statements of this nature a form of
eloquence is used which reckons with the effect
at great distances and on the masses.
"Consciously or unconsciously, however, one
thereby increases the distance of the oppo-
nent's conception, produces misunderstandings
which take root and are not removed and
makes the frank exchange of ideas more dif-
ficult. Every pronouncement of leading states-
men is directly after its adversary and befpre
the authoritative quarters of the opposite side
can reply to it made the subject of passionate
or exaggerated discussion of irresponsible ele-
ments. But anxiety lest they should endanger
the interests of their arms by unfavorably in-
fluencing feeling at home and lest they prema-
turely betray their own ultimate intentions
also causes the responsible statesmen them-
selves to strike a higher tone and stubbornly
to adhere to extreme standpoints.
"If, therefore, an attempt is made to see
•whether the basis exists for an understanding
calculated to deliver Europe from the catas-
trophe of the suicidal continuation of the
struggle, then, in any case, another method
should be chosen which render possible a di-
rect verbal discussion between the representa-
tives of the governments, and only between
them.
"The opposing conceptions of individual bel-
ligerent states would likewise have to form
the subject of such a discussion, for mutual
enlightenment, as well as the general principles
thai shall serve as the basis for peace and the
future relations of the states to one another,
and regarding which, in the first place, an ac-
cord can be sought with prospect of success.
"As soon as an agreement was reached on
the fundamental principle, an attempt would
have to be made in the course of the discus-
sions concretely to apply them to individual
peace_ questions and thereby bring about their
solution.
"We venture to hope that there will be no
objection on the part of any belligerent to
such an exchange of views. The war activities
would experience no interrtiption. The discus-
sions, too, would only go so far as was con-
sidered by the participants to offer a prospect
of success. No disadvantages would rise there-
from for the states represented. Far from
harming, such an exchange of views could be
useful to the cause of peace,
"What did not succeed the first time oan be
repeated, and perhaps it has already at least
contributed to the clarification of views.
Mountains of old misunderstandings might be
removed and many new things perceived.
Streams of pent-up human kindness would be
released, in the warmth of which everything
essential would remain, and, on the other hand,
much that is antagonistic, to which excessive
importance it still attributed, would disappear.
"According to our conviction all the bellig-
erents jointly owe it to humanity to examine
whether now. after so many years of a costly
but undecided struggle, the entire course of
which points to an understanding, it is possi-
ble to make an end to the terrible grapple.
. "The royal and imperial government would
like, therefore, to propose to the governments
of all the belligerent states to send delegates
to a confidential and unbinding discussion on
the basic principles for the conclusion of peace,
in a place in a neutral country and at a near
date that would yet have to be agreed upon —
delegates who were charged to make known to
one another the conception of their govern-
ments regarding those principles, and to receive
analogous communications, as well as to re-
quest and give frank and candid explanations
on all those points which need to be precisely
defined.
"The royal and imperial government has the
honor to request the government of .
through the kind mediation of your excellency,
to bring this communication to the knowledge
of the government of ."
[The names of the intermediate government
and of that addressed in the particular note
dispatched are left blank.]
President Wilson Says No.
On Sept. 16, as soon as he had read the
Austro-Hungarian peace note, President Wilson
through Secretary of State Lansing made the
following reply:
"Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your note, dated Sept. 16, communi-
cating to me a note from the imperial govern-
ment of Austria-Hungary, containing a pro-
posal to the governments of all the belligerent
states to send delegates to a confidential and
unbinding discussion on the basic principles for
the conclusion of peace. Furthermore, it is
proposed that the delegates would be charged
to make known to one another the conception
of their governments regarding these principles
and to receive analogous communications as
well as to request and give frank and candid
explanations on all those points which need to
be precisely defined.
"In reply, I b:g to say that the substance of
your communication has been submitted to the
president, who now directs me to inform you
that the government of the United States feels
that there is only one reply which it can make
to the suggestion of the imperial Austro-Hun-
garlan government. It has repeatedly and with
entire candor stated the terms upon which the
United States would consider peace and can
and will entertain no proposal for a confer-
ence upon a matter concerning which it has
made its position and purpose so plain."
The Austrian note was delivered to Secretary
Lansing by W. A. Ekengren, the Swedish min-
ister in Washington, and the president s reply
was transmitted through the same channel.
Britain and France Reply.
Both Great Britain and France returned re-
plies similar in effect to that made by Presi-
dent Wilson* A. J. Balfour. British foreign
secretary, said: "This cynical proposal of the
418
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Austrian government is not a genuine attempt
to obtain peace. It is an attempt to divide the
allies." Premier Clemenceau, in the French
chamber of deputies, on Sept. 18, also made an
informal reply to the Austrian note in which he
said: "No transaction is possible between
crime and right." His speech was made the
formal reply of the republic.
Belgium Rejects Separate Peace.
It was learned on Sept. 15 that Germany had
made a separate peace proposal to Belgium in
which it was provided that Belgium should re-
main neutral to the end of the war, that the
entire economic and political independence of
the country should be reconstituted, that the
old prewar commercial treaties between Bel-
gium and Germany should be put into effect
after the war. that Belgium should use her
good offices with the allies to secure the re-
turn of the German colonies and that the
Flemish minority should not be penalized for
aiding the German invaders. It was announced
Sept. 18 that the Belgian government, after
consulting the allies, had decided to refuse
without elaboration the offer made by Ger-
many.
Germany Accepts Austrian Offer.
On Sept. 20 the German ambassador in Vien-
na presented Germany's reply to the Austro-
Hungarian peace note;. It was as follows:
"The undersigned imperial ambassador has
the honor to make the following reply to the
highly esteemed note of the royal and imperial
foreign minister:
•'The summons of the Austro-Hungarian gov-
ernment to all belligerent states to enter into
confidential unbinding discussion in a neutral
country of the fundamental principles for the
conclusion of peace corresponds to the spirit
of peace, readiness and conciliatoriness which
the responsible statesmen of the quadruple al-
liance and authorized representatives of the
allied [Germanic] peoples have again and
again announced. The reception which previ-
ous similar steps met with from our enemies
was not encouraging.
"The imperial government, however, follows
the new attempt to bring the world nearer to
the just and lasting peace which it desires,
with the sincere and earnest wish that the
statement of the Austro-Hungarian govern-
ment, inspired by profound conciliatory feeling
and noble humanity, will this time evoke the
desired echo.
"In the name of the imperial government the
undersigned has the honor to declare that Ger-
many is ready to participate in the proposed
exchange of ideas."
NO PEACE BY COMPROMISE.
In opening the fourth, liberty loan campaign
Sept. 27. 1918. President Wilson, speaking in
the Metropolitan opera house in New York.
N. Y., said:
"My Fellow Citizens: I am not here to pro-
mote the loan. That will be done — ably and
enthusiastically done— by the hundreds of thou-
sands of loyal and tireless men and women who
have undertaken to present it to you and to
our fellow citizens throughout the country,
and I have not the least doubt of their com-
plete success, for 1 know their spirit and the
spirit of the country.
"My confidence is confirmed, too, by the
thoughtful and experienced co-operation of the
bankers here and everywhere, who are lending
their invaluable aid and guidance.
"I have come, rather, to seek an opportunity
to present to you some thoughts which I trust
will serve to give you, in perhaps fuller meas-
ure than before, a vivid sense of the great is-
sues involved in order that you may appreciate
and accept, with added enthusiasm and grave
significance, the duty of supporting the gov-
ernment by your men and your means to the
Utmost point of sacrifice and self-denial.
"No man or woman who has really taken in
what this war means can hesitate to give to
the very limit of what they have, and it is my
mission here to-night to try to make it clear
once more what the war really means. You
will need no other stimulation or reminder ot
your duty.
"At every turn of the war we gain a fresh
consciousness of what we mean to accomplish
by it. When our hopes and expectations are
most excited we think more definitely than be-
fore of the issues that hang upon it and of
the purposes which must be realized by means
of it. For it has positive and well defined pur-
poses which we did not determine and which
we cannot alter.
"No statesman or assembly created them; no
statesman or assembly can alter them. They
have arisen out of the very nature of circum-
stances of the war. The most that statesmen
or assemblies can do is to carry them out or
be false to them. They were perhaps not clear
at the outset, but they are clear now.
"The war has lasted more than four years
and the whole world has been drawn into it.
The common will of mankind has been substi-
tuted for the particular purposes of individual
states. Individual statesmen may have started
the conflict, but neither they nor their oppo-
nents can stop it as they please.
'It has become a people's war, and peoples
of all sorts and races, of every degree of pow-
er and variety of fortune, are involved in its
sweeping processes of change and settlement.
We came into it when its character had be-
come fully defined and it was plain that no
nation could stand apart or be indifferent to
its outcome.
"Its challenge drove to the heart of every-
thing we cared for and lived for. Our broth-
ers from many lands, as well as our own mur-
dered dead under the sea, were calling to us,
and we responded, fiercely, of course.
"The air was clear about us. We saw things
in their full, convincing proportions as they
were, and we have seen them with steady eyes
and unchanging comprehension ever since. We
accepted the issues of the war as facts, not as
any group of men. either here or elsewhere,
had defined them, and we can accept no out-
come which does not squarely meet and settle
them.
"Those issues are these:
"Shall the military power of any nation or
group of nations be suffered to determine the
fortunes of peoples over whom they have no
right to rule, except the right of force?
"Shall strong nations be free to wrong weak
nations and make them subject to their pur-
pose and interest?
"Shall peoples be ruled und dominated, even
in their own internal affairs by arbitrary and
irresponsible force, or by their own will and
choice ?
"Shall there be a common standard of right
and privilege lor all peoples and nations, or
shall the strong do as they will and the weak
suffer without redress?
"Shall the assertion of right be haphazard
and by casual alliance, or shall there be a com-
mon concert to oblige the observance of com-
mon rights?
"No man, no group of men, chose these to
be the issues of the struggle. They are the
issues of it. and they must be settled— by no
arrangement or compromise or adjustment of
interests, but definitely and once for all and
with a lull and unequivocal acceptance of the
principle that the interest of the weakest is as
sacred as the interest of the strongest.
"This is what we mean when we speak of a
permanent peace, il we speak sincerely, intelli-
gently and with a real knowledge and compre-
hension of the matter we deal with.
"We are all agreed that there can be no
peace obtained by any kind of bargain or com-
promise with the governments of the central
empires because we have dealt with them
already and have seen them deal with other
governments that were parties to this struggle,
at Brest-Litovsk and Bukharest.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
449
"They have convinced us that they are with-
out honor and do not intend justice. They ob-
serve no covenants, accept no principle but
force and their own interest. We cannot 'come
to terms' with them. They have made it im-
possible.
"The German people must by this time be
fully aware that we cannot accept the word of
those who forced this war upon us. We do
not think the same thoughts or speak the
same language of agreement.
"It is of capital importance that it should
also be explicitly agreed that no peace shall
be obtained by any kind of compromise or
abatement of the principles we have avowed
as the principles for which we are fighting.
There should exist no douht about that.
"I am. therefore, going to take the liberty
of speaking with the utmost frankness about
the practical implications that are involved
"If it be in deed and in truth the common
object of the governments associated against
Germany and of the nations whom they gov-
ern, as I believe it to be, to achieve by the
coming settlements a secure and lasting peace,
it will be necessary that all who sit down at
the peace table shall come ready and willing
to pay the price — the only price — that will pro-
cure it: and ready and willing also to create in
some virile fashion the only instrumentality
by which it can be made certain that the
agreements of the peace will be honored and
fulfilled.
"That price is impartial justice in every item
of the settlement, no matter whose interest is
crossed, and not only impartial justice but also
the satisfaction of the several peoples whose
fortunes are dealt with. That indispensable in-
strumentality is a league of natipns formed
under covenants that will be efficacious.
"Without such an instrumentality, by which
the peace of the world can be guaranteed, peace
will rest in part upon the word of outlaws,
and only upon that word. For Germany will
have to redeem her character, not by what
happens at the peace table but by what fol-
"And. as I see it, the constitution of that
league of nations and the clear definition of its
objects must be a part — in a sense the most
essential part — of the peace settlement itself.
It cannot be formed now. If formed now it
would be merely a new alliance confined to the
nations associated against a common enemy.
It is not likely that it could be formed after
the settlement.
"It is necessary to guarantee the peace, and
the peace cannot be guaranteed as an after-
thought. The reason, to speak in plain terms
again, why it must be guaranteed is that there
will be parties to the peace whose promises
have proved untrustworthy, and means must
be found in connection with the peace settle-
ment itself to remove that source of insecu-
rity. It would be folly to leave the guaranty
to the subsequent voluntary action of the gov-
ernments we have seen destroy Russia and de-
ceive Roumania,
"But these general terms do not disclose the
whole matter. Some details are. needed to
make them sound less like a thesis and more
like a practical program. These, then, are
some of the particulars, and I state them with
the greater confidence because I can state them
authoritatively as representing this govern-
ment's interpretation of its own duty with re-
gard to peace:
"First, the impartial justice meted out must
involve no discrimination between those to
whom we wish to be just and those to whom
we do not wish to be just. It must be a jus-
tice that plays no favorites and knows no
standard but the equal rights of the several
peoples concerned.
"Second, no special or separate interest of
any single nation or any group of nations can
be made the basis of any part of the settlement
which is not consistent with the common in-
terests of all.
Third, there can be no leagues or alliances,
or special covenants and understandings, within
the general and common family of the league
of nations.
"Fourth, and more specifically, there can be
no special, selfish economic combinations with-
in the league and no employment of any form
of economic boyc9tt or exclusion except as the
power of economic penalty by exclusion from
the markets of the world may be vested in the
league of nations itself as a means of disci-
pline and control.
"Fifth, all international agreements and
treaties of every kind must be made known ID
their entirety to the rest of the world.
"Special alliances and economic rivalries and
hostilities have been the prolific source in the
modern world of the plans and passions that
produce war. It would be an insincere as well
as an insecure peace that did not exclude them
in definite and binding terms.
"The confidence with which I venture to
speak for our people in these matters does not
spring from our traditions merely and the well
known principles of international action which
we have always professed and followed. In the
same sentence in which I say that the United
States will enter into no special arrangements
or understandings with particular nations, let
me say also that the United States is prepared
to assume its full share of responsibility for
the maintenance of the common covenants and
understandings upon which peace must hence-
forth rest.
"We still read Washington's immortal warn-
ing against 'entangling alliances' with full com-
prehension and an answering purpose. But
only special and limited alliances entangle, and
we recognize and accept the duty of a new
flay in which we are permitted to hope for a
general alliance which will avoid entanglements
and clear the air of the world for common un-
derstandings and the maintenance of common
rights.
"I have made this analysis of the interna-
tional situation which the war has created,
not, of course, because I doubted whether the
leaders of the great nations and peoples with
whom, we are associated were of the same mind
and entertained a like purpose, but because
the air every now and again gets darkened by
mists and groundless doublings and mischie-
vous perversions of counsel, and it is necessary
once and again to sweep all the irresponsible
talk about peace intrigues and weakening mo-
rale and doubtful purpose on the part of
those in authority utterly, and if need be un-
ceremoniously, aside and say things in the
plainest words that can be found, even when
it is only to say over again what has been said
before auite as plainly if in less unvarnished
terms.
"As I have said, neither I nor any other man
in governmental authority created or gave
form to the issues of this war. I have simply
responded to them with such vision as I could
command. But I have responded gladly and
with a resolution that has grown warmer and
more confident as the issues have grown clearer
and clearer.
"It is now plain that there are issues which
no man can pervert unless it be willfully. I
am bound to fight for them and happy to fight
for them as time and circumstance have re-
vealed them to me as to all the world. -Our
enthusiasm for them grows more and more
irresistible as they stand out in more and more
vivid and unmistakable outline.
"And the forces that fight for them draw
into closer and closer array, organize their mil-
lions into more and more Unconquerable might,
as they become more and more distinct to the
thought and purpose of the peoples engaged.
"It is the peculiarity of this great war that
while statesmen have seemed to cast about for
definitions of their purpose and have some-
times seemed to shift their ground and their
point of view the thought of the mass of men
whom statesmen are supposed to instruct and
lead has grown more and more unclouded.
450
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
more and more certain of what it is that they
are fighting- lor.
"National purposes have fallen more and
more into the background and the "common
purpose of enlightened mankind has taken
their place. The counsels of plain men have
become on all hands more simple and straight-
forward and more unified than the counsels of
sophisticated men of affairs, who still retain
the impression that they are playing a game
of power and playing for high stakes. That
is why I have said that this is the people's
war, not a statesman's. Statesmen must fol-
low the clarified common thought or be
broken.
"I take that to be the significance of the fact
that assemblies and associations of many kinds
made up of plain workaday people have de-
manded, almost every time they came together,
and are still demanding, that the leaders of
their governments declare to them plainly what
it is — exactly what it is — that they were seek-
ing in this war, and what they think the items
of the final settlement should be.
"They are not yet satisfied with what they
have been told. They still seem to fear that
they are getting what they ask for only in
statesmen's terms — only in the terms of terri-
torial-arrangements and divisions of power,
and not in terms of broad visioned justice and
mercy and peace and the satisfaction of those
deep seated longings of oppressed and dis-
tracted men and women and enslaved peoples
that seem to them the only things worth fight-
ing a war for that engulfs the world.
"Perhaps statesmen have not always recog-
nized this changed aspect of the whole world
of policy and action. Perhaps they have not
always spoken in direct reply to the questions
asked because they did not know how search-
ing those questions were and what sort of an-
swers they demanded.
"But I. for one, am glad to attempt the an-
swer again and again, in the hope that I may
make it clearer and clearer that my one
thought is to satisfy those who struggled in
the ranks and are. perhaps, above all others,
entitled to a reply whose meaning np one can
have any excuse for misunderstanding if he
understands the language in which it is spoken
or can get some one to translate it correctly
into his own.
"And I believe that the leaders of the gov-
ernments with which we are associated will
speak, as they have occasion, as plainly as I
have tried to speak. I hope that they will feel
free to say whether they think that I am in
any degree mistaken in my interpretation of
the issues involved .or in my purpose with re-
gard to the means by which a satisfactory set-
tlement of those issues may be obtained.
"Unity of purpose and of counsel is as im-
peratively necessary in this war as was unity
of command on the battle field, and with per-
Sect unity of purpose and counsel will come
ssurance of complete victory. It can be had
in no other way.
" 'Peace drives' can be effectively neutralized
and silenced only by showing that every vic-
tory of the nations associated against Germany
brings the nations nearer the sort of peace
which will bring security and reassurance to
all peoples and make the recurrence of another
such straggle of pitiless force and bloodshed
forever impossible, and that npthing else can.
"Germany is constantly intimating the
'terms' she will accept, and always finds that
the world does not want terms. It wishes the
final triumph of justice and fair dealing."
GERMANY ASKS FOR PEACE.
Dr. Count Georg von Hertlingr, chancellor ol
the German empire, resigned Sept. 30. 1918,
and was succeeded Oct. 3 by Prince Maximilian
of Baden. On Oct. 5 the new chancellor appeared
before the reichstag and delivered an address
in which he outlined his policies and an-
nounced that a note had been sent to Presi-
dent Wilson asking- for a peace parley. The
prince said:
"In accordance with the imperial decree of
Sept. 30 the German empire has undergone a
basic alteration of its political leadership.
"As successor to Count Georg- von Hertling,
whose services in behalf of the fatherland de-
serve the highest acknowledgment, I have
been summoned by the emperor to lead the
new government. In accordance with the gov-
ernmental method now introduced. I submit
to the reichstag, publicly, and without delay,
the principles upon which I propose to con-
duct the grave responsibilities of the office.
"These principles were firmly established by
the agreement of the federated governments
and the leaders of the majority parties in this
honorable house before I decided to assume
the duties of chancellor. They contain, there-
fore, not only my own confessipn of political
faith but that of an overwhelming- portion of
the German people's representatives — that is,
of the German nation, which has constituted
the reichstag- on the basis of a general, equal,
and secret franchise and according to their
will.
"Only the fact that I know the conviction
and will of the majority of the people are
back of me has given me strength to take
upon myself conduct of the empire's affairs in
this hard and earnest time in which we are
living.
"One man's shoulders would be too weak
to carry alone the tremendous responsibility
which falls upon the government at present.
Only if the people take active part in the
broadest sense of the word in deciding1 their
destinies, in other words, if responsibility also
extends to the majority of their freely elected
political leaders, can the leading statesman
confidently assume his part of the responsibil-
ity in the service of folk and fatherland.
"My resolve to do this has been especially
lightened for me by the fact that prominent
leaders of the laboring class have found a
way in the new government to the highest of-
fices of the empire. I see therein a sure
guaranty that the new government will be
supported by the firm confidence of the broad
masses of the people, without whose true
support the whole undertaking would be con-
demned to failure in advance.
"Hence, what I say to-day I say not only
in my own name and those of my official
helpers but in the name of the German people.
"The program of the majority parties, .upon
which I take my stand, contains, first, an ac-
ceptance of the answer of the former im-
perial government to Pope Benedict's note of
Aug. 1, 1916, and an unconditional accept-
ance of the reichstag resolution of July 19,
the same year. It further declares willing-
ness to join a general league of nations based
on the foundation of equal rights for all.
both strong and weak.
"It considers the solution of the Belgian
question to lie in the complete rehabilitation
(wiederherstellung) of Belgium, particularly of
its independence and territorial integrity. An
effort shall also be made t9 reach an under-
standing on the question of indemnity.
"The program will not permit the peace
treaties hitherto concluded to be a hindrance
to the conclusion of a general peace.
"Its particular aim is that popular repre-
sentative bodies shall be formed immediately
on a broad basis in the Baltic provinces, in
Lithuania, and Poland. We will promote the
realization of necessary preliminary conditions
therefor without delay by the introduction of
civilian rule. All these lands shall regulate
their constitutions and their relations with
neighboring peoples without external interfer-
ence.
"In the matter of international policies I
have taken a clear stand through the man-
ner in which the formation of the government
was brought about. Upon my motion leaders
of the majority parties were summoned for di-
rect advice. It was my conviction, gentle-
men, that unity of imperial leadership should
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
451
be assured not only through mere schismatic
party allegiance by the different members ol
the government. 1 considered almost still more
important the unity of ideas.
For Peace of Justice.
"I proceeded from this viewpoint, and have,
in making: my selections, laid greatest weight
on the fact that the members of ihe new im-
perial government stand on a basis of a just
peace of justice, regardless ol the war situ-
ation, and that they have openly declared
this to be their standpoint at the time when
we stood at the height of our military suc-
cesses.
"I am convinced that the manner in which
imperial leadership is now constituted, with
co-operation of the reichstag, is not some-
thing ephemeral, and that when peace comes
a government cannot again be formed which
does not find support in the reichstag and
does not draw its leaders therefrom.
"The war has conducted us beyond the old
multifarious and disrupted party life which
made it so difficult to put into execution a
uniform and decisive political wish. The
formation of a majority means the formation
of a political will, and an indisputable result
of the war has been that in Germany for the
first, time great parties have joined together
in a firm, harmonious program and have thus
come into position to determine for them-
selves the fate of the people.
"This thought will never die. This develop-
ment will never be retraced, and I trust so
long as Germany's fate is ringed about by
dangers, those sections of the people outside
the majority parties and whose representa-
tives do not belong to the government will
put aside all that separates us and will give
the fatherland what is the fatherland's.
"This development necessitates an altera-
tion of our constitution's provisions along the
lines of the imperial decree of Sept. 30, which
shall make it possible that those members of
the reichstag who entered the government will
retain their seats in the reichstag. A bin to
this end has been submitted to the federal
states and will immediately be made the ob-
ject ol their consideration and decision.
"Gentlemen, let us remember the words
spoken by the emperor on Aug. 4, 1914,
which I permitted myell to paraphrase last
December at Karlsrnhe: 'There are, in fact,
parties, but they are all German parties.'
"Political developments in Prussia, the
principal German federal state, must proceed
in the spirit of these words of the emperor,
and the message of the king of Prussia prom-
ising the democratic franchise must be ful-
filled quickly and completely. I dp not doubt
also that those federal states which still lag
behind in the development ol their constitu-
tional conditions will resolutely follow Prus-
sia's example.
"For the present, as the example ol all
belligerent states demonstrates, the extraordi-
nary powers which a condition of siege com-
pels cannot be dispensed with, but close re-
lations between the military and civilian au-
thorities must be established which will make
it possible that in all not purely military
questions, and hence especially as to censor-
ship and right of assemblage, the attitude ol
the civilian executive authorities shall make
itsell heard, and that final decision shall
be placed under the chancellor's responsibility.
"To this end the order of the emperor will
be sent to the military commanders. With
Sept. 30, the day ol the decree, began a new
epoch in Germany's internal history. The in-
ternal policy whose basic principles are there-
in laid down is ol deciding importance on the
question of peace or war.
"The striking lorce which the government
has in its strivings lor peace depends on
whether it has behind it the united, firm, and
unshakable will ol the people. Only when
our enemies feel that the German pe'ople
stand united back ol their chosen leaders-
then only can words become deeds.
"At the peace negotiations the German gov-
ernment will use its efforts to the end that
the treaties shall contain provisions concern-
ing the protection of labor and insurance of
laborers, which provisions shall oblige the
treaty making states to institute in their re-
spective lands within a prescribed time a
minimum of similar or at least equally ef-
ncient institutions for the security of life and
health as for the care of laborers in the case
of illness, accident, or invalidism.
"Of direct importance are the conclusions
which the government in the brief span ol
its existence has been able to draw from the
situation in which it finds itself, and to ap-
ply practically to the situation.
"More than lour years of the bloodiest strug-
gle against a world of numerically superior
enemies are behind us, years full, of the hard-
est battles and most painful sacrifices. Never-
theless, we are of strong heart and full of
confident faith in our strength, resolved to
bear still heavier sacrifices for our honor and
ireedom and for the happiness of our posterity.
"We remember with deep and warm grati-
tude our brave troops who, under splendid
leadership, have accomplished almost super-
human deeds throughout the whole war and
whose past deeds are a sure guaranty that
the fate of us all will also in future be in
good and dependable hands in their keeping.
For months a continuous, terrible, and mur-
derous battle has been raging in the west.
Thanks to the incomparable heroism of our
army, which will live as an immortal, glorious
page In the history of the German people lor
all times, the Iront is unbroken.
"This proud consciousness permits us to
look to the future with confidence. But just
because we are inspired by this feeling and
the conviction that it is also our duty to make
certain that the bloody struggle be not pro-
tracted lor a single day beyond the moment
when a close ol the war seems possible to us
which does not affect our honor, I have, there-
lore, not waited until to-day to take a step
to lurther the idea ol peace.
"Supported by the consent ol all duly au-
thorized persons in the empire, and by cpn-
sent ol all our allies acting in concert with
us, I sent on the night ol Oct. 4-5, through
the mediation ol Switzerland, a note to the
president ol the United States in which I re-
quested him to take up the bringing about of
peace and to communicate to this end with
all the belligerent states.
"The note will reach Washington to-day or
to-morrow. It is directed to the president of
the United States because he, in his message
to congress, Jan. 8, 1918, and in his later
proclamations, particularly in his New York
speech ol Sept. 27, proposed a program lor
a general peace which we can accept as a
basis lor negotiations.
"I have taken this step not only lor the
salvation ol Germany and its allies, but ol all
humanity, which has been suffering lor years
through the war.
In Accord with President.
"I have taken it also because I believe the
thoughts regarding the luture well-being of
the nation which were proclaimed by Mr.
Wilson are in accord with the general ideas •
cherished by the new German government and
with it the overwhelming majority ol our
people.
"So lar as I am personally concerned in
earlier speeches to other assemblages my
hearers will testily that the conception which
I hold of a luture peace has undergone no
change since I was intrusted with the leader-
ship ol the empire's affairs.
"I see, hence, no distinction whatever be-
tween the national and international mandates
ol duty in respect ol peace. For me the de-
ciding lactor is solely that all participants
452
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
shall with equal honesty acknowledge these
mandates as binding- and respect them as is
the case with me and with other members of
our new government.
"And so, with an inner peace, which my
clear conscience as a man and as a servant of
the people gives me. and which rests at the
same time upon firm faith in this great and
true people — this people capable of every de-
votion— and upon their glorious armed power,
'I await the outcome of the first action which
I have taken as the leading statesman of the
empire.
"Whatever this outcome may be, I know it
will find Germany firmly resolved and united
either for an upright peace, which rejects
every selfish violation of the rights of others,
or for a closing of the struggle for life and
death to which our people would be forced
without our own fault if the answer to our
note by the powers opposed to us should be
dictated by a will to destroy us.
"I do not despair over the thought that this
second alternative may come. I know the
greatness of the mighty powers yet possessed
by our people, and I know that the incon-
trovertible conviction that they were only
fighting for our life as a nation would double
these powers.
"I hope, however, for the sake of all man-
kind, that the president of the United States
will receive our offer as we meant it. Then
the door would be opened to a speedy, hon-
orable peace of justice and reconciliation lor
us as well as for our opponents."
TEXT OF PEACE NOTE.
The note referred to in the foregoing ad-
dress was addressed to President Wilson and
was sent through the Swiss government. The
text follows:
"The German government requests the presi-
dent of the United States to take in hand the
restoration of peace, acquaint all the
belligerent states of this request, and invite
them to send plenipotentiaries lor the pur-
pose of opening negotiations.
"It accepts the program set forth by the
president of the United States in his message
to congress on Jan. 8 and in his later pro-
nouncements, especially his speech of Sept. 27,
as a basis lor peace negotiations.
"With a view to avoiding further bloodshed,
the German government requests the imme-
diate conclusion of an armistice on land and
water and in the air."
EMPEBOK WILLIAM OFFEBS PEACE.
Emperor William issued the following procla-
mation, dated Oct. 6, to the German army and
navy:
"For months past the enemy, with enormous
exertions and almost without pause in the
fighting, has stormed against your lines. In
weeks of the struggle, often without repose,
you have had to persevere and resist a numer-
ically far superior enemy. Therein lies the
greatness of the task which has been set for
you and which you are fulfilling. Troops of
all the German states are doing their part and
are heroically defending the fatherland on for-
eign soil. Hard is the task.
"My navy is holding its own against the
united enemy naval forces and is unwaveringly
supporting the army in its difficult struggle.
"The eyes of those at home rest with pride
and admiration on the deeds of the army and
the nnvy. I express to you the thanks of my-
self and the fatherland.
"The collapse of the Macedonian front has
occurred in the midst of the hardest struggle.
In accord with our allies I have resolved once
more to offer peace to the enemy, but I will
only extend my hand for an honorable peace.
We owe that to the heroes who have laid down
their lives for the fatherland, and we make
that our duty to our children.
"Whether arms will be lowered is a question.
Until then we must not slacken. We must, as
hitherto, exert aii our strength unwearily to
hold our ground against the onslaught of our
enemies.
"The hour is grave, but trusting in your
strength and in God's gracious help, we feel
ourselves to be strong enough to defend our
beloved fatherland. WILHELM."
PRESIDENT WILSON'S REPLY.
In response to Germany's peace note of Oct.
6 Secretary of State Robert Lansing, at the di-
rection of President Wilson, transmitted the fol-
lowing through the 'iwiss charge d'affaires in
Washington :
"Department of State, Oct. 8, 1918.
"Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge, on
behalf of the president, your note of Oct. 6, in-
closing a communication from the German gov-
ernment to the president, and I am. instructed
by the president to request you to make the
following communication to the imperial Ger-
man chancellor:
" 'Before making reply to the request of the
imperial German government, and in order that
that reply shall be as candid and straightfor-
ward- as the momentous interests involved re-
quire, the president of the United States deems
it necessary to afesure himself of the exact
meaning of the note of the imperial chancellor.
" 'Does the imperial chancellor mean that the
imperial German government accepts the terms
laid clown by the president in his address to the
congress of the United States on the 8th ot
January last, and in subsequent addresses, and
that its object in entering into discussions
would be only to agree upon the practical de-
tails of their application?
" 'The president feels bound to say with re-
gard to the suggestion of an armistice that he
would not feel at liberty to propose a cessation
of arms to the governments with which the
government of the United States is associated
against the central powers so long as the
armies of those powers are upon their soil.
" 'The good faith of any discussion would
manifestly depend upon the consent of the cen-
tral powers immediately to withdraw their
forces everywhere from invaded territory.
" 'The president also feels that he is justified
in asking whether the imperial chancellor is
speaking merely for the constituted authorities
of the empire who have so far conducted the
war.
" 'He deems the answer to these questions
vital from every point of view.'
"Accept, sir, the renewed assurances of my
high consideration. EOBEET LANSING."
GERMANY "ACCEPTS" WILSON TERMS.
On Sunday evening. Oct. 14, the following re-
ply, dated Oct. 12, from the German govern-
ment to President Wilson's note of interroga-
tion was received by wireless in Washington
and forwarded to the chief executive, who was
in New York city. On Monday forenoon. Oct.
14, an official copy of the reply was handed to
Secretary Lansing at the state department. It
read:
"In reply to the questions of the president of
the United States of America the German gov-
ernment hereby declares:
"The German government has accepted the
terms laid down by President Wilson in his ad-
dress of Jan. 8, and in his subsequent ad-
dresses, aa the foundation of a permanent
peace of justice.
"Consequently its object in entering into dis-
cussions would be only to agree upon practical
details of the application of those terms.
"The German gevernment believes that the
governments of the powers associated with the
government of the United States also take the
position taken by President Wilson in his ad-
dress. The German government, in accordance
with the Austro-Hungarian government, for
the purpose of bringing about an armistice, 'de-
clares itself ready to comply with the proposi-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
453
tions of the president in regard to evacuation.
"The German government suggests that the
president may occasion the meeting- of a mixed
commission lor making the necessary arrange-
ments concerning the evacuation.
"The present German government, which has
undertaken the responsibility for this step to-
ward peace, has been formed by conferences
and in agreement with the great majority of
the reichstag.
"The chancellor, supported in all of his ac-
tions by the will of this majority, speaks in
the name of the German government and Of
tlie German people.
- "SOLF. State Secretary of Foreign Office."
WILSON REFUSES ARMISTICE.
Promptly on the afternoon of Oct. 14 Presi-
dent Wilson sent the following1 reply to the
German armistice proposal:
"State Department, Oct. 14, 1918.
"Sir: In reply to the communication of the
German government dated the 12th inst.,
which you handed me to-day, I have the honor
to reauest you to transmit the following an-
swer:
" 'The unqualified acceptance by the present
German government and by a large majority
of the German reichstag of the terms laid down
by the president of the United States of Amer-
ica in his address to the congress of the United
States on the 8th of January, 1918. and in
his subsequent addresses justifies the president
in making a frank and direct statement' of his
decision with regard to the communications of
the German government 01 the 8th and 12th
of October. 1918.
" 'It must be clearly understood that the proc-
ess of evacuation and the -conditions of an
armistice are matters which must be left to the
judgment and advice of the military advisers
of the government of the United States and
allied governments, and the president feels it
his duty to say that no arrangement can be ac-
cepted by the government of the United States
which does not provide absolutely satisfactory
safeguards and guaranties of the maintenance
of the present military supremacy of the armies
of the United States and of the allies in the
field. He feels confident that he can safely as-
sume that this will also be the judgment and
decision of the allied governments.
" 'The president feels that it is also his duty
to add that neither the government of the
United States nor, he is quite sure, the govern-
ments with which the government of the United
States is associated as a belligerent, will con-
sent to consider an armistice so long1 as the
armed forces of Germany continue the illegal
and inhumane practices which they still per-
sist in. At the very time that the German gov-
ernment approaches the government of the
United States with proposals of peace its sub-
marines are engaged in sinking passenger ships
at sea, and not the ships alone but the very
boats in which their passengers and crews seek
to make their way to safety : and in their pres-
ent enforced withdrawal from Flanders and
France the German armies are pursuing a
course of wanton destruction which has always
been regarded as in direct violation of the rules
and practices of civilized warfare. Cities and
Villages, if not destroyed, are being stripped of
not only all they contain but often of their
very inhabitants. The nations associated
against Germany cannot be expected to agree
to a cessation of arms while acts of inhuman-
ity, spoliation and desolation are being con-
tinued, which they justly look upon with hor-
ror and with burning hearts.
" 'It is necessary, also, in order that there
may be no possibility of misunderstanding, that
the president should very solemnly call the at-
tention of the government of Germany to the
language and plain intent of one of the terms
of peace which the German government has
now accepted. It is contained in the address
of the president delivered at Mount Vernon on
the 4th of July last. It is as follows:
" ' "The destruction of every arbitrary power
anywhere that can separately, secretly and of
its single choice disturb the peace of the world ;
or, if it cannot be presently destroyed, at -least
its reduction to virtual impotency."
" 'The power which has hitherto controlled the
German nation is of the sort here described.
It is within the choice of the German nation
to alter it. The president's words just quoted
naturally constitute a condition precedent to
peace, if peace is to come by the action of the
German people themselves. The president feels
bound to say that the whole process of peace
will, in his judgment, depend upon the defuiite-
ness and the satisfactory character of the guar-
anties which can toe given in this fundamental
matter. It is indispensable that the govern-
ments associated against -Germany should know
beyond peradventure with whom they are deal-
ing."
"The president will make a separate reply to
the royal and imperial government of Austria-
Hungary.
"Accept, sir, the renewed assurances of my
high consideration. ROBERT LANSING."
GERMANY'S REPLY TO AMERICA.
On Oct. S3 the Swiss charge d'affaires in
Washington, Frederick Oederlm. transmitted
to Secretary Lansing the original text and
also an English translation of a communica-
tion dated Oct. 20, 1918, from the German
government. The official translation follows:
"In accepting- the proposal for an evacuation
of the occupied territories the German gov-
ernment has started from the assumption that
the procedure of this evacuation and of the
conditions of an armistice should be left to
the judgment of the military advisers and that
the actual standard of power on both sides in
the field has to form the basis for arrange-
ments safeguarding and guaranteeing this
standard. The German government suggests
to the president to bring- about an opportunity
for fixing- the details. It trusts that the presi-
dent of the United States will approve of no
demand which would be irreconcilable with
the honor of the German people and with
opening a way to a peace of justice.
"The German government protests against
the reproach of illegal and inhumane actions
made against the German land and sea forces
and thereby against the German people. For
the covering of a retreat, destructions will
always be necessary and are in so far permit-
ted by international law. The German troops
are under the strictest instructions to spare
private property and to exercise care for the
population to the best of their ability. Where
transgressions occur in spite of these instruc-
tions the guilty are being punished.
"The German government further denies
that the German navy in sinking ships has
ever purposely destroyed lifeboats with their
passengers. The German government proposes
with regard to all these charges that the facts
be cleared up by neutral commissions. In or-
der to avoid anything that might hamper the
work of peace, the German government has
caused orders to be dispatched to all sub-
marine commanders precluding the torpeoing
of passenger ships, without, however, for
technical reasons, being able to guarantee that
these orders will reach every single submarine
at sea before its return.
"As the fundamental condition for peace, the
president characterizes the destruction of
every arbitrary power that can separately, se-
cretly and of its own single choice disturb
the peace of the world. To this the German
government replies: Hitherto the representa-
tion of the people in the German empire has
not been endowed with an influence on the
formation of the government. The constitu-
tion did not provide for a concurrence of
the representation of the people in decisions
on peace and war. These conditions have
just now undergone a fundamental change.
The new government has been formed in com-
454
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
plete accord with the wishes of the represen-
tation of the people, based on the equal, uni-
versal, secret, direct franchise. The leaders of
the great parties of the reichstag are mem-
bers of this government. In future no gov-
ernment can take or continue in office with-
out possessing- the confidence of the majority
of the reichstag. The responsibility of the
chancellor of the empire to the representation
of the people is being legally developed and
safeguarded. The first act of the new gov-
ernment has been to lay before the reichstag
a bill to alter the constitution of the empire
so that the consent of the representation of
the people is required for decisions on war
and peace. The permanence of the new sys-
tem is, however, guaranteed not only by con-
stitutional safeguards, but also by the un-
shakable determination of the German people,
whose vast majority stands behind these re-
forms and demands their energetic continu-
ance.
"The question of the president, with whom
he and the governments associated against
Germany are dealing-, is, therefore, answered
in a clear and unequivocal manner by the
statement that the offer of peace and an
armistice has come from a government which,
free from arbitrary and irresponsible influ-
ence, is supported by the approval of the
overwhelming majority of the German people.
"SOLF,
"State Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
"Berlin. Oct. 20, 1918."
WILSON CAULS FOR SURRENDER.
To the foregoing note President Wilson re-
turned the following reply Oct. 23:
"From the secretary of state to the charge
d'affaires ad interim in charge of German 'in-
terests in the United States:
"Department of State, Oct. 23, 1918.— Sir: I
have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of
your note of the 22d transmitting a communi-
cation under date of the 20th from the Ger-
man government and to advise you that the
president has instructed me to reply thereto
as follows :
" 'Having received the solemn and explicit
assurance of the German government that
it unreservedly accepts the terms of peace
laid down in his address to the congress of the
United States on the 8th of January. 1918,
and the principles of settlement enunciated in
his subsequent addresses, particularly the ad-
dress of the 27th of September, and that
it desires to discuss the details of their
application and that this wish and purpose
emanated, not from those who have hitherto
dictated German policy and conducted the
present war on Germany's behalf, but from
ministers who speak for the majority of the
reichstag and for an overwhelming- majority
of the German people: and having received
also the explicit promise of the present Ger-
man government that the humane rules of
civilized warfare will be observed both on
land and sea by the German armed forces,
the president of the United States feels that
he cannot decline to take up with the gov-
ernments with which the government of the
United States is associated the question of an
armistice.
" 'He deems it his duty to say again, however,
that the only armistice he would feel justified
in submitting for consideration would be one
which should leave the United States and the
powers associated with her in a position to
enforce any arrangements that may be entered
into and to make a renewal of hostilities on
the part of Germany impossible.
" The president has. therefore, transmitted
liis correspondence with the present German
authorities to the governments with which the
government of the United States is associated
as a belligerent, with the suggestion that, if
those governments are disposed to effect
peace upon the terms and principles indicated,
their military advisers and the military -idvis-
ers of the United States be asked to submit
to the governments associated against Ger-
many the necessary terms of such an armi-
stice as will fully protect the interests of the
peoples involved and insure to the associated
governments the unrestricted power to safe-
guard and enforce the details of the peace to
which the German government has agreed,
provided they deem such an armistice possi-
ble from the military point of view.
" 'Should such terms of armistice be sug-
gested, their acceptance by Germany will af-
ford the best concrete evidence of her un-
equivocal acceptance of the terms and prin-
ciples of peace from which the whole action
proceeds.
" 'The president would deem himself lacking
in candor did he not point out in the frankest
possible terms the reason why extraordinary
safeguards must be demanded. Significant and
important as the constitutional changes seem
to be which are spoken of by the German for-
eign secretary in his note of the 20th of
October, it does not appeal that the principle
of a government responsible to the German
people has yet been fully worked out or that
any guaranties either exist or are in contem-
plation that the alterations of principle and
of practice now partially agreed upon will
be permanent.
" 'Moreover, it does not appear that the
heart of the present difficulty has been
reached. It may be that future wars have
been brought under the control of the Ger-
man people, but the present war has not been;
and it is with the present war that we are
dealing.
" 'It is evident that the German people have
no means of commanding the acquiescence of
the military authorities of the empire in the
popular will: that the power of the king of
Prussia to control the policy of the empire
is unimpaired; that the determining initiative
still remains with those who have hitherto
been the masters of Germany.
" 'Feeling that the whole peace of the world
depends now on plain speaking and straight-
forward action, the president deems it hia
duty to say, without any attempt to soften
what may seem harsh words, that the nations
of the world do not and cannot trust the
word of those who have hitherto been the
masters of German policy, and to point out
once more that, in concluding peace and at-
tempting to undo the infinite injuries and in-
justices of this war, the government oi the
United States cannot deal with any but ver-
itable representatives of the German people
who have been assured of a genuine consti-
tutional standing as the real rulers of Ger-
many.
" 'If it must deal with the military masters
and the monarchical autocrats of Germany
now, or if it is likely to have to deal with
them later in regard to the international obli-
gations of the German empire, it must de-
mand, not peace negotiations, but surrender
Nothing can be gained by leaving this essen-
tial thing- unsaid.'
"Accept, sir, the renewed assurances of high
consideration.
"ROBERT LANSING.
"Mr. Frederick Oederlin, Cha'rg-e d'Affaires of
Switzerland."
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY ASKS FOR PEACE.
On Oct. 19. 1918. Secretary Lansing made
public the following note received through W.
A. F. Ekengren, Swedish minister to the United
States, from the Austro-Hungarian govern-
ment:
"Legation of Sweden. Washington, D. C.. Oct.
7, 1918.
"(Translation.)
"Excellency : By order of my government I
have the honor confidentially to transmit
herewith to you the following communication
of the imperial and royal government of Aus-
tria-Hungary to the president of the United
States of America:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
455
" "The Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which
has waged war always and solely as a defen-
sive war and repeatedly given documentary evi-
dence of its readiness to stop the shedding of
blood and to arrive at a just and honorable
peace, hereby addresses itself to his lordship
the president of the United States of America
and offers to conclude with him and his allies
an armistice on every front on land, at sea
and in the air, and to enter immediately upon
negotiations for a peace for which the four-
teen points in the message of President Wilson
to congress of Jan. 8, 1918. and the four
points contained in President Wilson's address
of Feb. 12. 1918, should serve as a foundation
in which the viewpoints declared by President
Wilson in his address of Sept. 27. 1918, will
also be taken into account.'
"Be pleased to accept, etc.
"W. A. F. EKENGREN.
"•His excellency, Mr. Robert Lansing', secre-
tary of state of the United States, Washing-
ton."
PRESIDENT REFUSES ARMISTICE.
President Wilson on Oct. 19 replied through
Secretary Lansing- to the foregoing note as
follows :
"I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt
of your note of the 7th instant in which you
transmit a communication of the imperial and
royal government of Austria-Hungary to the
president. I am now instructed by the presi-
dent to request you to be good enough through
your government to convey to the imperial
and royal government the following reply:
" 'The president deems it his duty to say to
the Austro-Hungarian government that he can-
not entertain the present suggestions of that
government because of certain events of ut-
most importance which, occurring since the de-
livery of his address of the 8th of January
last, have necessarily altered the attitude and
responsibility of the government of the United
States.
" 'Among the fourteen terms of peace which
the president formulated at that time occurred
the following:
" ' "10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary,
whose place among the nations we wish to see
safeguarded and assured, should be accorded
the freest opportunity of autonomous develop-
ment."
" 'Since the sentence was written and uttered
to the congress of the United States the gov-
ernment of the United States has recognized
that a state of belligerency exists between the
Czecho-Slovaks and the German and Austro-
Hungarian empires and that the Czecho-Slovak
national council is a de lacto belligerent gov-
ernment, clothed with proper authority to di-
rect the military and political affairs of the
Czecho-Slovaks. It has also recognized in the
fullest manner the justice of the nationalistic
aspirations of the Jugo Slavs for freedom.
" 'The president is, therefore, no longer at
liberty to accept the mere "autonomy" of these
peoples as a basis of peace, but is obliged to
insist that they, and not he. shall be the judges
of what action on the part of the Austro-
Hungarian government will satisfy their as-
pirations and their conception of their rights
and destiny as members of the family of na-
tions.'
"Accept, sir, the renewed assurances of my
highest consideration. 'ROBERT LANSING "
WILSON REFERS GERMANY TO FOCH.
On Nov. 5 Secretary of State Lansing, by
direction of President Wilson, sent the follow-
ing note to the German government through
the Swiss legation in Washington:
"In my note of Oct. 23. 1918. I advised
you that the president had transmitted his
correspondence with the German authorities to
the governments with which the government
of the United States is associated as a bel-
ligrerent. with the suggestion that, if those
governments were disposed to accept peace
upon the terms and principles indicated, their
military advisers and the military advisers of
the United States be asked to submit to the
governments associated against Germany the
necessary terms of such an armistice as would
fully protect the interests of the peoples in-
volved and insure to the associated govern-
ments the unrestricted power to safeguard and
enforce the details of the peace to which the
German government had agreed, provided they
deem such an armistice possible from the mil-
itary point of view.
"The president is now in receipt of a mem-
orandum of observations by the allied gov-
ernments on this correspondence, which is as
follows :
" 'The allied governments have given care-
ful consideration to the correspondence which
has passed between the president of the
United States and the German government.
Subject to the qualifications . which follow,
they declare their willingness to make peace
with the government of Germany on the terms
of peace laid down in the president's address
to congress of January. 1918. and the princi-
ples of settlement enunciated in his subse-
quent addresses. . They must point out, how-
ever, that clause 2, relating to what is
usually described as the freedom of the seas,
is open to various interpretations, some of
which they could not accept. They must,
therefore, reserve to themselves complete free-
dom on this subject when they enter the
peace conference.
" 'Further, in the conditions of peace laid
down in his address to congress on Jan. 8.
il8. the president declared that invaded ter-
ritories must be restored as well as evacuated
and freed: the allied governments feel that no
doubt ought to be allowed to exist as to what
this provision implies. By it they understand
that compensation will be made by Germany
for all damage done to the civilian popula-
tion of the allies and their property by the
aggression of Germany by land, by sea, and
from the air.'
"I am instructed by the president to say
that he is in agreement with the interpreta-
tion set forth in the last paragraph of the
memorandum above quoted. I am further in-
structed by the president to request you to
notify the German government that Marshal
Foch has been authorized by the government
of the United States and the allied govern-
ments to receive properly accredited repre-
sentatives of the German government and to
communicate to them the terms of an armi-
stice. ROBERT LANSING."
TERMS ASKED FOR BY GERMANY.
Germany's reply to the foregoing communi-
cation by President Wilson was made public
Oct. 27 and was as follows:
"The German government has taken cogni-
zance of the answer of the president of the
United States.
"The president is aware of the far-reaching
changes which have been carried out and are
being- carried out in the German constitutional
structure, and that peace negotiations are be-
ing conducted by a people's government in
whose hands rests, both actually • and consti-
tutionally, the power to make the deciding
conclusions. The military powers are also
subject to it.
"The German government now awaits pro-
posals for an armistice, which shall be the
first step toward a just peace, as the presi-
dent has described it in his proclamation.
"SOLF."
AUSTRIA ACCEPTS ALL TERMS.
On Oct. 28 Count Julius Andrassy, the new
Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, sent the
following reply to President Wilson through
the Swedish government :
456
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
"In reply to the note of President Wilson
of the 19th of this month, addressed to the
Austro-Hungarian government, and giving1 the
decision of the president to speak directly with
the Austro-Hungarian government on the
question of an armistice and of peace, the
Austro-Hungarian government has the honor
to declare that equally with the preceding
proclamations of the president it adheres also
to the same point of view contained in the
last note upon the rights of the Austro-Hun-
garian peoples, especially those of the
Czecho-Slovaks and the Jugo Slavs.
"Consequently, Austria-Hungary accepting
ail the conditions the president has laid down
for the entry into negotiations for an armi-
stice and peace, no obstacle exists, accord-
ing- to the judgment of the Austro-Hungarian
government, to the beginning of these nego-
tiations.
"The Austro-Hungarian government declares
itself ready, in consequence, without awaiting
the result of other negotiations, to enter into
negotiations upon peace between Austria-Hun-
gary and the states in the opposing group and
for an immediate armistice upon all Austro-
Hungarian fronts.
"It asks President Wilson to be so kind as
to begin overtures on this subject."
ASKS IMMEDIATE PEACE.
On Oct. 29 Austria-Hungary, through Count
Andrassy, sent the follpwing note to Secretary
of State Lansing :
"Immediately after having- taken direction of
the ministry of foreign affairs and after the
dispatch of the official answer to your note of
Oct. 18. 1918, by which you were able to
see that we accept all the points and princi-
ples laid down by President Wilson in his
various declarations, and are in complete ac-
cord with the efforts of President Wilson to
prevent future wars and to create a league
of nations, we have taken preparatory meas-
ures in order that Austrians and Hungarians
may be able, according to their own desire
and without being in any way hindered, to
make a decision as to their future organiza-
tion and to rule it.
"Since the accession to power of Emperor-
King Charles his immovable purpose has been
to bring an end to the war. More than ever
this is the desire of the sovereign of all the
Austro-Hungarian peoples, who acknowledge
that their future destiny can only be accom-
plished in a pacific world, by being freed from
all disturbances, privations, and sorrows of
war.
"This is why I address you directly, Mr.
Secretary of State, praying that you will have
the goodness to intervene with the president
of the United States in order that in the in-
terest of humanity, as in the interest of all
those who live in Austria-Hungary, an imme-
diate armistice may be concluded on all fronts
and for an overture that immediate negotia-
tions for peace will follow."
SURRENDER CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY ALLIES.
BULGARIAN ARMISTICE TERMS. i These ships will be interned in such Turkish
signed by repre- port or ports as may be directed, except such
• small vessels as are required for police and
Armistice terms were _._ -„ .
sentaUves of the Bulgarian government and
Gen. Franchet d'Esperey, representing the al-
lies, in Saloniki Sunday night. Sept. 29, 1918.
v The armistice was 01 a purely military char-
acter and contained no provisions of a polit-
ical character. The terms, speaking generally,
were:
Bulgaria agrees to evacuate all the territory
she now occupies in Greece and Serbia, to
demobilize her army immediately, and sur-
render all means of transport to the allies.
Bulgaria also will surrender her boats and
control of navigation on the Danube and con-
cede to the allies iree passage through Bul-
garia for the development of military opera-
tions.
All Bulgarian arms and ammunition are to
be stored under the control of the allies, to
whom is conceded the right to occupy all im-
portant strategic points.
TURKISH ARMISTICE TERMS.
The terms of the armistice signed at Mudros
Oct. 30. 1918. by Rear-Admiral Calthorpe for
the allies and the Turkish plenipotentiaries
were as follows:
1. The opening of the Dardanelles and the
Bosporus and access to the Black sea. Allied
occupation of the Dardanelles and Bosporus
forts.
2. The positions of all mine fields, torpedo
tubes and other obsiructions in Turkish wa-
ters are to be indicated and assistance given
to sweep or remove them, as may be re-
auired.
3. All available information concerning
mines in the Black sea is to be communi-
cated.
4. All allied prisoners of war and Armenian
interned persons and prisoners are to be col-
lected in Constantinople and handed over un-
conditionally to the allies.
5. Immediate demobilization of the Turkish
army, except such troops as are required for
surveillance on the frontiers and for the
maintenance of internal order. The number of
'effectives and their disposition to be deter-
mined later by the allies after consultation
with the Turkish government.
6. The surrender of all war vessels in Turk-
ish waters or waters occupied by Turkey.
similar purposes in Turkish territorial waters.
7. The allies to have the right to occupy
any strategic points in the event of any situa-
tion arising which threatens the security of
the allies.
8. Free use by allied ships of all ports and
anchorages now in Turkish occupation and
denial of then- use by the enemy. Similar
conditions are to apply to Turkish mercan-
tile shipping in Turkish waters for the pur-
poses of trade and the demobilization of the
army.
9. .Allied occupation of the Taurus tunnel
system.
10. Immediate withdrawal of Turkish troops
from northern Persia to behind the prewar
frontier already has been ordered and will be
carried out.
11. A part of Transcaucasia already has
been ordered to be evacuated by Turkish
troops. The remainder to be evacuated if re-
quired by the allies after they have studied
the situation.
12. Wireless, telegraph and cable stations to
be controlled by the allies. Turkish govern-
ment messages to be excepted.
13. Prohibition against the destruction of
any naval, military or commercial material.
14; Facilities are to be given for the pur-
chase of coal, oil, fuel and naval material
from Turkish sources after the requirements
of the country have been met.
15. The surrender of all Turkish officers
in Tripolitania and Cyrenaiea to the nearest
Italian garrison. Turkey agrees to stop sup-
plies and communication with these officers if
they do not obey the order to surrender.
16. The surrender of all garrisons in Hedjnz.
Assir, Yemen, Syria and Mesopotamia to the
nearest allied commander.
17. The use of all ships and repair facilities
at all Turkish ports and arsenals.
18. The surrender of all ports occupied in
Tripolitania and Cyrenaiea. including Misurata.
to the nearest allied garrison.
19. AH Germans and Austrians. naval, mili-
tary or civilian, to be evacuated within one
month from Turkish dominion, and those in
remote districts as soon after that time as
mny be possible. i
20. Compliance with such orders as may be
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
457
conveyed for the disposal of equipment, arms
and ammunition, including- the transport of
that portion of the Turkish army which is
demobilized under clause 5.
21. An allied representative to be attached
to the Turkish ministry of supplies in order
to safeguard allied interests. This representa-
tive to be furnished with all aid necessary for
this purpose.
23. Turkish prisoners are to be kept at the
disposal of the allied powers. The release of
Turkish civilian prisoners and prisoners over
military age is to be considered.
23. An obligation on the part of Turkey to
cease all relations with the central powers.
24. In case of disorder in the six Armenian
vilayets the allies reserve to themselves the
right to occupy any part of them.
25. Hostilities between the allies and Tur-
key shall cease from noon, local time, Thurs-
day, the 31st of October. 1918.
TERMS OF AUSTRIAN ARMISTICE.
The terms of the Austrian armistice as an-
nounced by the state department in Washing-
ton. D. C.. Nov. 4. 1918. were:
Military Clauses.
1. Tho immediate cessation oi hostilities by
land, sea and air.
2. Total demobilization of the Austro-Hun-
g-arian army and immediate withdrawal of all
Austro-Hungarian forces operating on the
front from the North sea to Switzerland.
Within Austro-Hungarian territory, limited as
in clause 3 below, there shall only be main-
tained as an organized military force [?] re-
duced to prewar effectives [effectiveness?].
Half the divisional corps and army artillery
and equipment shall be collected at points to
be indicated by the allies and United States of
America for delivery to them, beginning1 with
all such material as exists in the territories
to be evacuated by the Austro-Hungarian
3. Evacuation of all territories invaded by
Austria-Hungary since the beginning of the
war.
Withdrawal within such periods as shall be
determined by the commander in chief of the
allied forces on each front of the Austro-Hun-
garian armies behind a line fixed as follows:
From Pic Umbrail to the north of the Stel-
vio it will follow the crest of the Rhetian
Alps up to the sources of the Adige and
Eisach. passing thence by Mounts Reschan
and Brenner and the heights of Oetz and Zoal-
ler.
The line then turns south, crossinsr Mount
Toblach and meeting the present frontier in
the Carnic Alps.
It follows this frontier up to Mount Tarvls
and after Mount Tarvis the watershed of the
Julian Alps by the Col of Predil. Mount Man-
gart. the Tricorno (Terglou) and the water-
shed of the Cols di Podberdo, Podlanisoam
and Writ.
From this point the line turns southeast
toward the Schneeberg, excludes the whole ba-
sin of the Save and its tributaries.
From Schneeberg it goes down toward the
«oast in such a way as to include Castua.
Mattuglia and Volosca in the evacuated terri-
tories.
It will also follow the administrative limits
of the present province of Dalmatia, includ-
ing to the north of Lisarica and Trivania and
to the south territory limited by a line from
the [ Semigrand ? ] of Cape Planca to the sum-
mits of the watersheds eastward, so as to
include in the evacuated area all the valleys
and water courses flowing toward Seborica.
such as the Cicola. Kerka, Butisnica and
their tributaries.
It will also include all the islands in the
north and west of Dalmatia from Premuda,
Selve. Ulbo, Scherda, Maon. Paga and Punta-
dura in the north up to Melcda in the south,
embracing Santandrea. Buri. Lisa. Lesnia.
Tercola, Curzola. Cazza and Lagosta, as well
as the neighboring rooks and islets and pas-
sages, only excepting the islands of Great and
Small Zirona, Bua, Solta and Brazza.
All territory thus evacuated [shall be oc-
cupied by the forces?] of the allies and of
the United States of America.
All military and railway equipment of all
kinds, including coal belonging- to or within
those territories [to be?] left in situ and
surrendered to the allies, according to special
orders given by the commander in chief of
the forces of the associated powers on the
different fronts.
ilp new destruction, pillage or requisition
to be done by enemy troops in the territories
evacuated by them and occupied by the forces
of the associated powers.
4. The allies shall have the right of free
movement over all roads and rail and water-
ways in Austro-Hungarian territory and of
the use of the necessary Austrian and Hun-
garian means of transportation.
The armies of the associated powers shall
occupy such strategic points in Austria-Hun-
gary at times as they may deem necessary to
enable them to conduct military operations
or to maintain order.
They shall have the right of requisition on
payment for the troops of the associated pow-
ers [wherever?] they may be.
5. Complete evacuation of all German troops
within fifteen days not only from the Italian
and Balkan fronts, but from all Austro-Hun-
garian territory.
Internment of all German troops which have
not left Austria-Hungary within the date.
6. The administration of the evacuated ter-
ritories of , Austria-Hungary will be intrusted
to the local authorities, under the control of
the allied and associated armies of occupa-
tion.
1. The immediate repatriation without reci-
procity of all allied prisoners of war and in-
terned subjects and of civil populations evac-
uated from their homes, on conditions to be
laid down by the commapder in chief of the
forces of the associated powers on the various
fronts.
Sick and wounded who cannot be removed
from evacuated territory will be cared for by
Austro-Hungarian personnel, who will be left
on the spot with the medical material re-
quired.
Naval Conditions.
1. Immediate cessation of all hostilities at
sea and definite information to be given as
to the location and movements of all Austro-
Hungarian ships.
Notification to be made to neutrals that
freedom of navigation in all territorial waters
is given to the naval and mercantile marine
of the allied and associated powers, all ques-
tions of neutrality being waived.
2. Surrender to allies and the United States
of fifteen Austro-Hungarian submarines com-
pleted between the years 1910 and 1918 and
of all German submarines which are in or
may hereafter enter Austro-Hungarian territo-
rial waters.
All other Austro-Hungarian submarines to
be paid off and completely disarmed and to
remain under the supervision of the allies
and the United States.
3. Surrender to allies "and United States
with their complete armament and equipment
of three battle ships, three light cruisers, nine
destroyers, twelve torpedo boats, one mine
layer, six Danube monitors, to be designated
l>y the allies and the United States of Amer-
ica.
All other surface warships, including river
craft, are to be concentrated in Austro-Hun-
garian naval bases to be designated by the
allies and the United States of America, and
are to be paid off and completely disarmed
and placed under the supervision of the al-
lies and the United Stntes of America.
4. Freedom of navigation to all warships
and merchant ships of allied and associated
powers to be given in the Adriatic and up
the River Danube and its tributaries in the
territorial waters and territory of Austria-
Hungary.
The allies and associated powers shall have
the right to sweep up all mine fields and
458
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
obstructions and the positions of these are
to be indicated.
In order to insure the freedom of naviga-
tion on the Danube, the allies and the United
States of America shall be empowered to
occupy or to dismantle all fortifications or
defense works.
5. The existing blockade conditions set up
by the allied and associated powers are to
remain unchanged and all Austro-Hungarian
merchant ships found at sea are to remain
liable to capture, save exceptions which may
be made by a commission nominated by the
allies and the United States of America.
6. All naval aircraft are to be concentrated
and impactionized in Austro-Hungarian bases
to be designated by the allies and the United
States of America.
7. Evacuation of all the Italian coasts and
of all ports occupied by Austria-Hungary out-
side their national territory and the abandon-
ment of all floating craft, naval material,
equipment and materials for inland naviga-
tion of all kinds.
8. Occupation by the allies and the United
States of America of the land and sea forti-
fications and the islands which form the de-
fenses and ol the dockyards and arsenal at
)a>All merchant vessels held by Austria-
Hungary belonging to the allies and asso-
ciated powers to be returned. .
10. No destruction of ships or of material
to be permitted before evacuation, surrender
or restoration.
11. All naval and mercantile marine pris-
oners of the allied and associated powers in
Austro-Hungarian hands to be returned with-
out reciprocity.
GERMAN ARMISTICE TERMS REVEALED
TO CONGRESS BY PRESIDENT.
President Wilson personally appeared before
a joint session of congress on Monday, Nov.
11 1918 end made an address in which he
revealed the terms of the armistice imposed
upon Germany by the allies. He said:
"Gentlemen of the Congress: In these anx-
ious times of rapid and stupendous change it
will in some degree lighten my sense of re-
sponsibility to perform in person the duty of
communicating to you some of the larger cir-
cumstances of the situation with which it is
necessary to deal.
"The German authorities who have, at the
invitation of the supreme war council, been
in communication with Marshal Foch, have
accepted and signed the terms of armistice
which he was authorized and instructed to
communicate to them. Those terms are as
follows :
Military Clauses.
" 'Article 1. Cessation ol operations by land
and in the air six hours after the signature
of the armistice.
" 'Article 2. Immediate evacuation of invad-
ed countries, Belgium, France1, Alsace-Lorraine,
Luxemburg, so ordered as to be completed
within fourteen days from the signature of
the armistice. German troops which have
not left the above mentioned territories within
the period fixed will become prisoners of war.
Occupation by the allied and United States
forces jointly will keep pace with evacuation
in these areas. All movements of evacuation
and occupation will be regulated in accord-
ance with a note annexed to the stated terms.
" 'Article 3. Repatriation, beginning at «Bce
and to be completed within fourteen days, of
all inhabitants of the countries above men-
tioned, including hostages and persons under
trial or convicted.
" 'Article 4. Surrender in good condition by
the German armies ol the following equip-
ment: Five thousand guns (2,500 heavy,
2.500 field). 30.000 machine guns. 3.000 min-
( fighters, bombers, first D-73s and night
bombing machines). The above to be deliv-
ered in situ to the allied and the United States
troops in accordance with the detailed condi-
tions laid down in the annexed note.
' 'Article 5. Evacuation by the German,
armies of the countries on the left bank of
the Rhine. These countries on the left bank
of the Rhine shall be administered by the
local authorities under the control of the
allied and United States armies of occupa-
tion. The occupation of these territories
will be determined by allied and United
States garrisons holding the principal cross-
ings of the Rhine-^Mayence, Coblenz, Cologne —
together with bridgeheads at these points in
thirty kilometer, radius on the right bank and
by garrisons similarly holding the strategic
points of the regions. A neutral zone shall
be reserved on the right of the Rhine be-
tween the stream and a line drawn parallel to
it forty kilometers to the east from the fron-
tier of Holland to the parallel of Gernsheim
and as far as practicable a distance of thirty
kilometers from the east of the stream from
this parallel upon the Swiss frontier. Evacua-
tion by the enemy of the Rhine lands shall be
so ordered as to be completed within a further
period of eleven days, in all nineteen days
after the signature of the armistice. All move-
ments of evacuation and occupation will be
regulated according to the note annexed.' "
Here the president interrupted his read-
ing to remark that there evidently had been
an error in transmission, as the arithmetic
was very bad. The "further period" of eleven
days is in addition to the fourteen days al-
lowed for evacuation of invaded countries,
making twenty-five days given the Germans
to get entirely clear of the Rhine lands.
' 'Article 6. In all territory evacuated by the
enemy there shall be no evacuation of ' in-
habitants: no damage or harm shall be done
to the persons or property of the inhabitants.
.No destruction of any kind to be committed.
Military establishments of all kinds shall be
delivered intact, as well as military stores
of .food, munitions, equipment not removed
during the 'periods fixed for evacuation. Stores
of food of all kinds lor the civil population,
cattle etc.. shall be left in situ. Industrial
establishments shall not b'e impaired in any
way and their personnel shall not be moved.
Roads and. means of communication of every
kind. railroads, waterways, main roads,
bridges, telegraphs, telephones, shall be in no
manner impaired.
" 'Article 7. All civil and military personnel
at present employed on them shall remain.
Five thousand locomotives, 50.000 wagons and
),000 motor lorries in good working- order,
with -all necessary spare parts and fittings,
shall, be delivered to the associated powers
within the period fixed for the evacuation of
Belgium and Luxemburg. The railways of
Alsace-Lorraine shall be handed over within
the same period, together with all prewar
personnel and material. Further material
necessary for the working ol railways in the
country .on the left bank ol the Rhine shall
be left in situ. All stores of coal and ma-
terial for the upkeep of permanent ways, sig-
nals and repair . shops left entire in situ and
kept in an efficient state by Germany during
the whole period of armistice. All barges
taken from the allies shall be restored to
them. A note appended regulates the details
of these measures.
" 'Article 8. The German command shall be
responsible lor revealing all mines or delay
acting fuses disposed on territory evacuated
by .the German troops, and shall assist in
their discovery and destruction. The Ger-
man command shall also reveal all destructive
measures that may have been taken (such as
poisoning or polluting of springs, wells, etc.).
under penalty of reprisals.
" 'Article 9. The right of requisition shall be
exercised by the allies and the United States
armies in all occupied territory. The upkeep
of the troops of occupation in the Rhineland
(excluding Alsace-Lorraine) shall be charged
to the German government.
" 'Article 10. An immediate repatriation
i without reciprocity according to detailed con-
| ditions, which shall be fixed, of all allied and
United States prisoners of war. The allied
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOR 1919.
459
powers and the United States shall be able
to dispose of these prisoners as they wish.
" 'Article 11. Sick and wounded who cannot
be removed Irom evacuated territory will be
cared ior by German personnel, who will be
left on the spot with the medical material
required.
" 'Article 12. All German troops at present
in any territory which before the war be-
longed to Russia, Boumania or Turkey shall
•withdraw within the frontiers of Germany
as they existed on Aug-. 1, 1914.
" 'Article 13. Evacuation by German troops
to beg-in at once and all German instructors,
prisoners and civilians, as well as military
ag-ents, now on the territory of Bussia (as
denned before 1914) to be recalled.
" 'Article 14. German troops to cease at once
all requisitions and seizures and any other
undertaking- with a view to obtaining; sup-
plies intended for Germany in Boumania and
Bussia (as denned on Aug-. 1. 1914).
" 'Article 15. Abandonment of the treaties of
Bukharest and Brest-Litovsk and of the sup-
plementary treaties.
" 'Article 16. The allies shall have free ac-
cess to the territories evacuated by the Ger-
mans on their eastern frontier, either through
Danzig- or by the Vistula, in order to convey
supplies to the populations of those territo-
ries or for any other purpose.
" 'Article 17. Unconditional capitulation of
all German forces operating- in East Africa
within one month.
" 'Article 18. Expatriation, without reciproc-
ity, within a maximum period of one month,
in accordance with detailed condition* here-
after to be fixed, of all civilians interned or
deported who may be citizens of other allied
or associated states than those mentioned in
clause 3, paragraph 19, with the reservation
that any future claims and demands of the al-
lies and the United States of America remain
unaffected
" 'Article 19. The following- financial condi-
tions are required:
" 'Separation for damage done. While such
armistice lasts no public securities shall be
removed by the enemy which can serve as a
pledg-e to the allies for the recovery or rep-
aration for war losses. Immediate resti-
tution of the cash deposit in the National
Bank of Belgium and in g-eneral immediate re-
turn of all documents, specie, stocks, shares,
paper money, tog-ether with plant for the issue
thereof, touching- public or private interests
in the invaded countries. Bestitution of the
Bussian and Boumanian g-old yielded to Ger-
many or taken by that power. This g-old to
be delivered in trust to the allies until the
sig-nature of peace.
Naval Conditions.
" 'Articlo 20. Immediate cessation of all hos-
tilities at sea and definite information to be
given as to the location and movements of
all German ships. Notification to be given to
neutrals that freedom of navigation in all ter-
ritorial waters is given to (the naval and mer-
cantile marines of the allied and associated
powers, all questions of neutrality being-
waived.
"'Article 21. All naval and mercantile marine
prisoners of war of the allied and associated
powers in German hands to be returned with-
out reciprocity.
" 'Article 22. Surrender to the allies and the
United States of America of 160 German sub-
marines (including- all submarine cruisers and
mine laying- submarines) . with their com-
plete armament and equipment in ports which
will be specified by the allies and the United
States of America. All other submarines to be
paid off and completely disarmed and placed
tinder the supervision of the allied powers and
the United States of America.
" 'Article 23. The following- German surface
warships, which shall be designated by the
allies and the United States of America, shall
forthwith be disarmed and thereafter interned
in neutral ports, or, for the want of them.
in allied ports, to be designated by the allies
and the United States of America and placed
under the surveillance of the allies and the
United States of America, only caretakers be-
ing- left on board — namely : Six battle cruisers,
ten battle ships, eigrht lig-ht cruisers (including-
two mine layers), fifty destroyers of the most
modern type. All other surface warships (in-
cluding- river craft) are to be concentrated in
German naval bases to be designated by the
allies and the United States of America, and
are to be paid off and completely disarmed and
placed under the supervision of the allies and
the United States of America. All vessels of
the auxiliary fleet (trawlers, motor vessels,
etc.) are to be disarmed.
" 'Article 24. The allies and the United States
of America shall have the right to sweep up
all mine fields and obstructions laid by Ger-
many outside German territorial waters, and
the positions of these are to be indicated.
" 'Article 25. Freedom of access to and from
the Baltic to be given to the naval and mer-
cantile marines of the allied and associated
powers. To secure this, the allies and the
United States of America shall be empowered
to occupy all German forts, fortifications, bat-
teries, and defense works of all kinds in all
the entrances from the Catteg-at into the
Baltic, and to sweep up all mines and ob-
structions within and without German terri-
torial waters without any question of neu-
trality being- raised, and the positions of all
such mines and obstructions are to be in-
dicated.
"'Article 26. The existing- blockade conditions
set up by the allies and associated powers are
to remain unchanged, and all German mer-
chant ships found at sea are to remain liable
to capture.
" 'Article 27. All naval aircraft are to be
concentrated and immobilized in German bases
to be specified! by the allies and the United
States of America.
" 'Article 28. In evacuating- the Belgian coasts
and ports, Germany shall abandon all mer-
chant ships, tugs, lig-hters, cranes, and all
other harbor materials, all materials for in-
land na.vig-ation. all aircraft and all mate-
rials and stores, all arms and armaments, and
all stores and apparatus ol all kinds.
" 'Article 29. All Black sea ports are to be
evacuated by Germany; all Bussian war ves-
sels of all descriptions seized by Germany in
the Black sea are to be handed over to the
allies and the United States of America: all
neutral merchant vessels seized are to be re-
leased: all warlike and other materials 'of all
kinds seized in those ports are to be returned
and German materials as specified in clause
28 are to> be abandoned.
" 'Article 30. All merchant vessels in German
hands belonging- to the allied and associated
powers are to be restored in ports to be speci-
fied by the allies and the United States of
America without reciprocity.
" 'Article 31. No destruction of ships or of
materials to be permitted before evacuation,
surrender or restoration.
"'Article 32. The German g-overnment will
notify the neutral g-overnments of the world
arid particularly the governments of Norway'
Sweden, Denmark and Holland, that all re-
strictions placed on the trading- of their ves-
seis.wltlV th*1 °"lcd ar'd associated countries,
whether by the German g-ovemmcnt or by pri-
vate German interests, and whether in return
for specific concessions, such as the export of
shipbuilding- materials or not. are immediately
canceled.
" 'Article 33. No transfers of German mer-
chant shipping- of any description to any neu-
tral flag-. are to take place after signature of
tne armistice.
"'Article 34. The duration of the armistice is
• bf,thlrty daf8- with, option to extend. Dur-
ing- this period, on failure of execution of
any of the above clauses, the armistice may
be denounced by one of the contracting- par-
ties on forty-eight hours' previous notice.
" 'Article 35. This armistice to be accepted
460
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
War at an End.
"The war thus comes to an end; for, hav-
ing- accepted, these terms ol armistice, it will
be impossible for the German command to
renew it.
"It is not now possible to assess the con-
sequences ol this great consummation. We
know only that this tragical war, whose con-
suming- flames swept from one nation to an-
other until all the world was on fire, is at
ar. end and that it was the privilege of
our own people to enter it at its most crit-
ical juncture in such fashion and in such
force as to contribute in a way of which we
are all deeply proud to the great result.
"We know. too. that the object of the war
is attained: the object upon which all free
men had set their hearts, and attained with
a sweeping- completeness which even now
we do not realize.
Armed imperialism, such as the men con-
ceived who were but yesterday the masters
01 Germany, is at an end. its illicit ambitions
eng-ulfed in black disaster. Who will now
seek to revive it? The arbitrary power of
the military caste of Germany, which once
could secretly and of its own single choice
disturb the peace ol the world, is discredited
and destroyed.
"And more than that — much more than that
— has been accomplished. The great nations
which associated themselves to destroy it have
now definitely united in the common purpose
to set up such a peace as will satisfy the
longing of the whole world for disinterested
justice, embodied in settlements which are
based upon something- much better and much
more lasting- than the selfish competitive in-
terests of powerful states.
"There is no longer conjecture as to the ob-
jects the victors have in mind. They have
a mind in the matter, not only, but a heart
also. Thau1 avowed and concerted purpose
is to satisfy and protect the weak as well as
to accord their just rights to the strong-.
"The humane temper and intention of the
victorious g-overnments has already been mani-
fested in a very practical way. Their repre-
sentatives in the supreme war council at
Versailles have by unanimous resolution as-
sured the people of the central empires that
everything; that is possible in the circum-
stances will be done to supply them with food
and relieve the distressing- want that is in so
many places threatening- their very lives; and
steps are to be taken immediately to org-anize
these efforts at relief in the same systematic
manner that they were org-anized in the case
of Belgium.
"By the use of the idle tonnag-e of the cen-
tral empires it ought presently to be possible
to lift the fear of utter misery from their
oppressed populations and set their minds and
energies free for the great and hazardous tasks
of political reconstruction which now lace
them on .every hand. Hunger does not breed
reform: it breeds madness and all the ug-ly
distempers that make an ordered life impos-
sible.
"For, with the fall of the ancient g-overn-
ments which rested like an incubus upon the
people of the central empires, has come po-
litical change not merely, but revolution;
and revolution which seems as yet to as-
sume no final and ordered form, but to
run from one fluid change to another, until
thoughtful men are forced to ask themselves
with what governments, and of what sort,
are we about to deal in the making of the
covenants of peace.
'With what authority will they meet us and
with what assurance that their authority will
abide and sustain securely the international
arrangements into which we are about to en-
ter? There is here matter for no small
anxiety and misgiving. When peace is made,
upon whose promises and engagements besides
our own is it to rest?
"Let us be perfectly Irank with ourselves
and admit that these Questions cannot be
satisfactorily answered now or at once. But
the moral is not that there is little hope of
an early answer that will suffice. It is only
that we must be patient and helpful and
mindful above all of the great hope and con-
fidence that lie at the heart ol what is taking
place.
''Excesses accomplish nothing. Unhappy
Russia has furnished abundant recent proof
of that. Disorder immediately defeats itself.
if excesses should occur, if disorder should for
a time raise its head, a sober second thought
will follow and a day of constructive action
if we help and do not hinder.
"The present and all that it holds belongs
to the nations and the peoples who preserve
their self-control and the orderly processes
of their governments; the future to those
who prove themselves the true friends ol
mankind.
"To conquer with arms is to make only a
temporary conquest; to conquer the world by
earning its esteem is to make permanent con-
quest. I am confident that the nations that
have learned the discipline ol Ireedom and
that have settled with self-possession to its
ordered practice are now about to make con-
quest of the world by the sheer power of
example and of friendly helpfulness.
"The peoples who have but just come out
from under the yoke of arbitrary government
and who are now coming at last into their
freedom will never find the treasures of lib-
erty they are in search of if they look for
them by the light of the torch. They will
find that every pathway that is stained with
the blood of their own brothers leads to the
wilderness, not to the seat of their hope.
"They are now face to lace with their in-
itial tests. We must hold the light steady un-
til they find themselves. And in the mean-
time, if it be possible, we must establish a
peace that will justly define their place among-
the nations, remove all fear of their neig-h-
bors and of their former masters, and enable
them to live in security and contentment when
they have set their own affairs in order.
"I for one do not doubt their purpose or
their capacity. There are some happy signs
that they know and will choose the way of
self-control and peaceful accommodation. If
they do we shall put our aid at their dis-
posal in every way that we can. II they do
not we must await with patience and sym-
pathy the awakening and recovery that will
assuredly come at last."
AMENDED BY MARSHAL FOCH.
Before presenting the armistice terms to the
German plenipotentiaries Marshal Foch had
amended, as he was authorized to do. some
of the articles. Following- were the changes:
"Article 3. Fifteen days instead of, fourteen
are allowed lor the repatriation, beginning at
once, ol all the inhabitants removed from in-
vaded countries, including hostages and per-
sons under trial or convicted.
"Article 4, providing lor the surrender ol
munitions and equipment, reduces the number
ol machine guns to be delivered Irom 30.000
to 25.000. the number ol airplanes Irom
2.000 to 1.700.
"Article 5, providing lor the evacuation by
the Germans oi the countries on the lelt bank
ol the Rhine, stipulates that these countries
shall be administered by 'the local troops of
occupation' instead ol by the local authorities
xinder the control ol the allied and United
States armies, and the occupation is to be
'carried out by' instead ol 'determined by*
allied and United States garrisons holding
strategic points and the principal crossings ol
the Rhine. Thirty-one days instead ol twenty-
five are allowed for completion of the evacu-
ation.
"Article 6, providing that no damage or harm
shall be done to persons and property in ter-
ritory evacuated by the Germans, has a sen-
tence added specifically stipulating that no
person shall be prosecuted for offenses of par-
ticipation in war measures prior to the sign-
ing of the armistice.
"Article 7, providing lor the abandonment or
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
delivery in good order to the associated powers
of all roads and means pi communication and
transportation in evacuated territory, calls for
150,000 wag-ons [railroad cars] instead of 50,-
000; 5,000 motor lorries instead of 10,000,
and requires that all civil and military person-
lie! at present employed on such means of com-
munication and transportation, including wa-
teiways. shall remain. Thirty-one instead of
twenty-five days are allowed for handing- over
the materials. Thirty-six days are allowed
for the handing: over of the railways of Al-
sace-Lorraine, together with the prewar per-
sonnel.
"Article 8. Forty-eight hours is given the
German command to reveal destructive meas-
ures, such as polluted springs and wells, and to
reveal and assist in discovering and destroying:
mines or delayed action fuses on evacuated
territory. No time limit was fixed originally.
"Article 9, providing for the right of requi-
sition by the United States and allied armies
in occupied territory, has. the clause added,
'subject to regulation of accounts with those
•whom it may concern.'
"Article 10, providing- for the rep .triation
without reciprocity of all allied and United
States prisoners of war, including- persons un-
der trial or convicted, has the following add-
ed: 'This condition annuls the previous con-
ventions on the subject of the exchange of
prisoners of war, including- the one of July,
1918 in course of ratification. However, the
repatriation of German prisoners of war in.
terned in Holland and in Switzerland shall
continue as before. The repatriation of Ger-
man prisoners of war shall be regulated at the
conclusion of the preliminaries of peace.
"Article 12. providing for the withdrawal of
German troops from territory which belonged
before the war to Russia. Roumama and
Turkey is rewritten. Territory which belonged
to Austria-Hungary is addid to that from
which the Germans must withdraw immediate-
ly and as to territory which belonged to Rus-
sia it is provided that the German troops
now there shall withdraw within the frontiers
of Germany 'as soon as the allies, taking into
account the internal situation of those terri-
tories, shall decide that time for this has
C°"A€rticle 15. 'Renunciation' is substituted
for 'abandonment' in stipulating that the
treaties of Bukharest and Brest-Litovsk are
DU"Articie 16. providing free access for the
allies into evacuated territory through the
German eastern frontier, is changed so as
to declare such access is lor the purpose of
conveying- supplies to the populations and
for the purpose of maintaining order, instead
of 'or for any other purpose.'
"Article 17. originally providing lor the
'unconditional capitulation' within one month
ol all German forces operating in East Africa,
is substituted by a clause requiring only
'evacuation by all German forces operating
in East Africa within a period to be fixed by
the allies.'
"Article 18. providing lor the repatriation of
all civilians belonging to the allies or asso-
ciated powers other than those enumerated in
article 3. is amended to eliminate a res-
ervation that any future claims or demands
by the allies and the United States shall re-
main unaffected.
"Article 22, providing- for the surrender ol
160 German submarines, is changed to read
'all submarines now existing,' with the added
stipulation that 'those which cannot take the
sea shall be disarmed ol the material and per-
sonnel and shall remain under the super-
vision ol the allies and the United States.
Further provisions are added requiring- that
all the conditions of the article shall be car-
ried into effect within fourteen days: that
submarines ready lor sea shall be prepared
V) leave German ports immediately upon or-
ders by wireless and the remainder at the
earliest possible moment.
"Article 23. providing for the disposition of
German surface warships, has additional
clauses requiring that vessels designated for
internment shall be ready to leave German
ports within seven days upon directions by
wireless and that the military armament of
all vessels of the auxiliary fleet shall be put
on shore.
"Article 26, providing that the allied block-
ade remain unchanged, has this sentence added:
'The allies and the United States should give
consideration to the provisioning of Germany
during the armistice to the extent recognized
as necessary.'
"Article 28, providing conditions of evacua-
tion of the Belgian coast (from which the
Germans actually had been driven before the
armistice was signed), was changed in minor
particulars.
"Article 34, providing that the duration of
the armistice shall be thirty days and that
if its clauses are not carried into execution
it may be renounced upon forty-eight hours'
warning, has the following added: 'It is
understood that the execution of articles 3
and 18 shall not warrant the denuncia-
tion of the armistice on the ground ol insuf-
ficient execution within a period fixed, except
in the case ol bad laith in carrying them into
execution. In order to assure the execution
ol this convention under the best conditions,
the principle pi a permanent international
armistice commission is admitted. This com-
mission shall act under the authority ol the
allied military and naval commanders in
chiel.' " «
Signatures.
The additions and changes closed with this:
"This armistice has been signed the llth ol
November, 1918, at 5 o'clock [French timel.
F. Foch. R. E. Wemyss. Erzbergrer. A.
Oberndorff, Winterleldt, Vanselow."
Asks Early Conference.
Immediately after the signing of the ar-
mistice terms Dr. Solf. the German foreign
secretary, seat the following- appeal to the
American secretary of state. Robert Lansing1:
"The armistice being concluded the German
government requests the president of the
United States to arrange for the opening of
peace negotiations.
"For the purpose of their acceleration th«
German government proposes first of all to
take into view the conclusion of a prelim-
inary peace and asks for a communication as
to what place and at what time the ne-
gotiations might begin.
"As there is a pressing- danger of famine,
the German government is particularly anxious
for the negotiations to begin immediately."
President Promises Food.
To the foregoing appeal Secretary Lansing
returned the following reply through the
Swiss legation, Nov. 14:
"I have the honor to acknowledge the re-
ceipt of your note ol to-day, transmitting to
the president the text of a cable inquiring
whether this government is ready to send food-
stuffs into Germany without delay if public
order is maintained in Germany and an equi-
table distribution of food is guaranteed.
"I should be grateful if you would trans-
mit the following reply to the German gov-
ernment:
" 'At a joint session of the two houses ol
congress on Nov. 11 the president ol the
United States announced that the representa-
tives ol the associated governments in the
.supreme war council at Versailles have, by
unanimous resolution, assured the peoples of
the central empires that everything that is
possible in the ciroumstaonces will be done to
supply them with iood and relieve the dis-
tressing want that is in so many places
threatening- their very lives: and that steps
are to be taken immediately to organize these
efforts at relief in the same systematic man-
ner that they were organized in the case
of Belgium.
" 'Furthermore, the president, expressed the
opinion that, by the use ol the idle tonnage
ol the central empires, it ought presently to
4fi2
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
be possible to Kft the fear of utter misery
from their oppressed population and set their
minds and energies free for the great and haz-
ardous tasks of political reconsitruction which
now face them on every hand.
" 'Accordingly, the president now directs me
to state that he is ready to consider favor-
ably the supplying of foodstuffs to Germany
and to take up the matter immediately with
the allied governments, provided he can be
assured that public order is being and will
continue to be maintained in Germany, and
that an equitable distribution of food can
be clearly guaranteed.'
"Accept, sir. the renewed assurances of my
highest consideration.
"ROBERT LANSING."
DEVELOPMENTS IN RUSSIA.
When on Nov. 7. 1917, the control of Rus-
sian affairs passed from the hands of Alexan-
der Kerensky and the more moderate of the
revolutionists into those of the bolshevik! or
extremists led by Nikolai Lenin and Leon
Trotzky, it was announced that the new gov-
ernment would propose an immediate and just
peace without annexations and without indem-
nities. On Nov. 22 Leon Trotzky, "commis-
sioner" of foreign affairs, notified the repre-
sentatives of foreign governments that an
armistice would be sought on all fronts. It
toad, as a matter of fact, been proposed to
the central powers before the representatives
of the allies were notified. The allied diplo-
mats protested, but were told that their ac-
tion was offensive to the government. Nego-
tiations for an armistice were opened Dec. 1
between representatives of Russia, Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria at the
headquarters of the German commander in
Brest-Litovsk. On Dec. 5 a ten days' suspen-
sion of hostilities was agreed to. and on Dec.
16 a formal armistice agreement was signed,
to continue from Dec. 17, 1917, to Jan. 14,
1918. The armistice could be terminated by
giving a seven days' notice on the twenty-first
day, and if such notice was not given it would
continue in force automatically. It further
provided that there was to be no regrouping
of forces for further offensives.
.The peace negotiations proper were begun
on Saturday, Dec. 22, 1917, and were con-
tinued with some interruptions until Feb. 10,
1918. The delegates representing the various
powers taking part were:
Germany — Dr. Richard von Kuehlmann. min-
ister of foreign affairs: Herr von Rosenberg,
Baron von Hock, Gen. Hoffmann and Maj.
Brinckmann.
Austria-Hungary — Count Ottokar Czernin,
minister of foreign affairs: Baron von Merey,
Freiherr von Wisser, Count Collerda, Count
Osaky, Field Marshal von Chisceries, Lieut.
Plarny and Maj. von Gluise.
Bulgaria — M. Popoff, minister of justice:
M. Coseff. M. Stoyanovich, Col. Gantjeff and
Dr. Anastasoff.
Turkey — Nesimy Bey. former minister of
foreign affairs: Hakki Pasha, Hekmit Bey and
Gen. Zekki Pasha.
Russia — M. Joffe, M. Kamenoff, Admira; Alt-
vater. Gen. Tumorri. Col. Rokki. Col. Zeplett
and Cant. Lipsky.
The delegations underwent some changes in
the course of the negotiations. Leon Trotzky
himself appearing for Russia. M. Radoslavoff
for Bulgaria and Talaat Pasha for Turkey.
Bavaria was represented by Count Podewils-
Durnitz, and the Ukraine by M. Bolubowysch.
Prince Leopold of Bavaria, as commander in
chief of the German forces in the east, wel-
comed the delegates. The conference was
opened by Hakki Pasha and Dr. von Kuehl-
mann was chosen as presiding officer. Rus-
sia presented fifteen demands as her terms for
making peace. These were:
1. Evacuation of Russian territory occupied
by Germany, with autonomy for Poland,
Lithuania and the Lettish district.
2. Autonomy for Turkish Armenia.
3. Settlement of Alsace-Lorraine question by
plebiscite.
4. Restoration of Belgium, with indemnity
from an international fund.
5. Restoration of Serbia and Montenegro
with similar indemnity.
6. Contested Balkan territories to be autono-
mous pending plebiscite.
7. Restoration of Roumanian territory; Do-
brogea to be autonomous.
8. Trent and Trieste to be autonomous pend-
ing plebiscite.
9. Restoration of German colonies.
10. Restoration of Persia and Greece.
11. Neutralization of all maritime straits
and of Suez and Panama canals.
12. Renunciation of indemnities: restitution
of levies.
18. Renunciation of commercial boycotts.
14. Peace to be arranged by delegates, with-
out secret treaties.
15. Gradual disarmament, militia to take
place of standing armies.
TEUTONIC PROPOSALS.
On Dec. 25 Count Czernin, on behalf of the
Teutonic alliance, presented counterproposals,
substantially as follows :
1. Germany will be ready as soon as peace
is concluded with Russia and the Russian
armies are demobilized, to evacuate her pres-
ent positions in occupied Russian territory, in
so far as no different inferences result from
the second article.
2. The Russian government having pro-
claimed to all peoples living' within the Russian
nation the right of self-determination, includ-
ing complete reparation, takes cognizance of
the decisions expressing the will of the people
demanding a full state of independence and
separation from the Russian nati9n for Po-
land, Lithuania, Courland and portions of Es-
thonia and Livonia. As in these districts the
question of evacuation is not such as pro-
vided for in article 1. a special commission*
shall fix the time and other details in con-
formity with the Russian idea of the neces-
sary ratification by a plebiscite on broad
lines and without any military pressure of
the already existing proclamation of separa-
tion.
3. Treaties in force before the war to be-
come effective if not in conflict with changes
resulting from the war.
4. None of the contracting- parties to dis-
-criminate against the subjects, merchant ships
or goods of the other parties.
5. Economic war to cease with the conclu-
sion of peace. For the interchange of goods
an organization shall be effected by mixed
commissions to be formed as soon as possible.
6. Instead of the treaty of commerce and
navigation of 1894-1904, which is abrogated,
a new treaty will accord with new conditions.
7. During at least twenty years the parties
will grant one another the rights of the most
favored nation in commerce and navigation.
8. Russia agrees that the administration of
the mouth of the Danube shall be intrusted
to a European Danube commission represent-
ing the countries bordering on the Danube
and the Black sea. Above Braila the admin-
istration is to be in the hands of the countries
bordering on the river.
9. Military laws limiting the private rights
of Germans in Russia and of Russians in
Germany are abolished.
10. The contracting parties are not to de-
mand payment of war expenditures, damages
or requisitions.
11. Each party is to pay for damage done
within its own limits by acts against inter-
national law.
ALMANAC AND YEAH-BOOK FOB 1919.
463
13. Prisoners of war to be exchanged as
soon as possible.
13. Interned civilians to be sent home at
once without expense to them.
14. Russian subjects of German descent may
within ten years emigrate to Germany with
the right to liquidate or transfer their prop-
erty.
15. Merchantmen in ports at beginning of
war to be returned or paid for.
16. Diplomatic and consular relations to be
resumed as soon as possible.
GERMAN TEKMS BEJECTED.
The foregoing terms were submitted by the
Bussian delegates to the soviet council of
workmen and soldiers in Petrograd. That
body in an announcement made public Jan. 2,
1918, declared that the Teutonic terms recog-
nized in principle the conclusion of a peace
without annexation or indemnities and thus
established a basis for further parleying.
However, attention was called to the fact
that the German government refused to admit
ihe right of oppressed nations and colonies
seized before the beginning of the war in
1914 to dispose of their own destiny, and
also to the fact that the Teutonic governments
refused to guarantee immediately and irrevo-
cably the removal of their troops from the
occupied countries of Poland, Lithuania and
Courland and parts of Livonia and Esthonia.
"We now declare," continued the statement,
"that the Bussian revolution remains faithful
to the policy of internationalism. We defend
the right of Poland, Lithuania and Courland
to dispose of their own destiny actually and
freely."
The chairman of the Bussian delegation sent
»n official telegram to the Teutpnic allies
Jan. 2 requesting that the negotiations be
transferred to neutral soil, preferably to
Stockholm. This request was immediately de-
nied by the German government. At a subse-
quent session the central powers withdrew the
proposals they had presented Dec. 25 on the
ground that the allies had refused to consider
them within the ten days fixed as the limit.
On Jan. 10, 1918. after a hitch caused
by the refusal of the central powers to evac-
uate the occupied Bussian provinces, the ne-
gotiations were resumed with Minister Trotz-
ky, Mme. Bithenko. M. Joffe, M. Kameneff. M.
Pokrovsky and three councilors representing-
Kussia, and Dr. von Kuehlmann, Count Czer-
nin. Gen. Hoffmann, Talaat Bey and M. Bados-
lavoff representing the central powers. The
Ukraine was represented by M. Bolubowysch,
who announced that he was empowered by his
country to act independently of the Bussian
delegates. The second session did not last
long. The discussions became acrimonious, es-
pecially in dealing with bolshevik propaganda
in Germany and Austria, the question of the re-
turn of deported Poles, Lithuanians and others
before the matter of self-determination by the
occupied provinces was settled, and the attitude
of the Teutons on annexations. Gen. Hoff-
mann, who told the Bussians that they spoke
"as if they stood victorious in our countries
and could dictate conditions," bluntly an-
nounced that the German supreme army com-
mand must refuse to evacuate Courland, Lithu-
ania. Biga and the Moon islands. The con-
ference broke up Jan. 14 without a date be-
ing set for its renewal. However, the dele-
gates remained in Brest-Litovsk, Trotzky in-
sisting that the negotiations should continue
although even at this time Lenin and his fol-
lowers in Petrograd argued that it would be
better to end the conference and prepare for
a renewal of the war.
In the meantime the central powers and the
representatives of the Ukrainian "people's re-
public" continued their negotiations, and on
Jan. 21 it was announced that they had agreed
on the principles of a separate peace treaty
by which economic and diplomatic relations
were to be instituted at once. The peace
treaty was signed Feb. 9.
Leon Trotzky and the other Bussian dele-
gates asked for delay so as to give them
time to submit the German terms to a gen-
eral congress of soldiers' and workmen's 'dele-
gates in Petrograd, and this request was
granted. This congress gave Trotzky author-
ity to continue the Brest-Litovsk negotiations
with a free hand. He returned to Brest-
Litovsk Jan. 29, but little was heard of the
parley there until suddenly it was announced
in a dispatch dated Sunday, Feb. 10. that
Bussia had declared the state of war to be at
an end. The dispatch read:
"The president of the Russian delegation at
to-day's sitting states that, while Bussia was
desisting from signing a formal peace treaty,
it declared the state of war to be end"d with
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bul-
garia, simultaneously giving orders for the
complete demobilization of the Bussian forces
on all fronts."
This announcement caused an outburst of
joy in Germany and Austria-Hungary, where
it was interpreted by many to mean that a
general peace with all the allies would be
signed. It was not until some days later
that it was discovered that the rejoicing had
been somewhat premature.
On Feb. 12 the Bussian official wireless bu-
reau gave out the appended statement as to
the reasons for Trotzky's action in declaring
the war at an end without the signing of a
peace pact:
"The peace negotiations are at an end. The
German capitalists, bankers and landlords,
supported by the silent co-operation of the
English and French bourgeoisie, submitted to
our comrades, members of the peace delega-
tion at Brest-Litovsk, conditions such as could
not be subscribed to by the Bussian revolu-
tion.
"The governments of Germany and Austria
possess countries and peoples vanquished by
force of arms. To this authority the Bussian
people, workmen and peasants could not give
its acquiescence. We could not sign a peace
which would bring with it sadness, oppres-
sion and suffering to millions of workmen and
peasants.
"But we also cannot, will not, and must not
continue a war begun by czars and capitalists.
in alliance with czars and capitalists. We will
not and must not continue to be at war with
Germans and Austrians — workmen and peas-
ants like ourselves.
"We are not signing a peace of landlords
and capitalists. Let the German and Austrian
soldiers know who are placing them in the
Jleld of battle and let them know for what
they are struggling. Let them know also
that we refuse to fight against them.
"Our lelegation, fully conscious of its re-
sponsibility before the Bussian people and the
oppressed workers and peasants of other coun-
tries, declared on Feb. 10, in the name of the
council of the people's commissaires of the
government of the federal Bussian republic to
the governments of the peoples involved in the
war with us and 9f the neutral countries, that
it refused to sign an annexation treaty.
Bussia, for its part, declares the present war
with Germany and Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
and Bulgaria at an end.
"Simultaneously, the Bussian troops received
an order for complete demobilization on all
fronts."
GEBMANY ACTS QUICKLY.
This sort of conclusion to the peace par-
ley, which placed Germany in a ridiculous po-
sition, did not suit Emperor William and his
advisers, and measures were at once taken to
bring the bolshevik government to terms.
Military operations were resumed, and ou
Feb. 18. it was annpunced that the Germans
had crossed the Dvina river. The city of
Dvinsk was captured without resistance, wivile
464
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
farther south an army under Gen. Alexander
von Lansing-en captured Lutsk. In the mean-
time the bolsheviki had become involved in
fighting- with the Roumanian forces and also
with the troops of the People's republic of
the Ukraine. The country was virtually in a
state of civil war, On Feb. 21, after the bol-
sheviki had announced their willingness to
conclude peace. Dr. von Kuehlmann announced
that Germany would renew the negotiations,
but only on the following conditions:
"Both to declare the war ended.
"All regions west of the line indicated at
Brest-Litovsk to the Russian delegation, which
formerly belonged to Russia, to be no longer
under the territorial protection of Russia. In
the region of Dvinsk this line must be ad-
vanced to the eastern frontier of Courland.
'•The fprmer attachment of these regions to
the Russian state must in no case involve for
them obligations toward Russia. Russia re-
nounces every claim to intervene in the inter-
nal affairs of these regions.
"Germany and Austria-Hungary have the in-
tention to define further the fate of these re-
gions in agreement with their populations.
"Germany is ready, after ,the completion of
Russian demobilization, to evacuate the re-
gions which are east of the above line. So far
as it is not stated otherwise, Livonia and Es-
thonia must immediately be cleared of Rus-
sian troops and red guards.
"Livonia and Esthonia will be occupied by
German police until the date when the consti-
tution of the respective countries shall guar-
antee their social security and political order.
All inhabitants who were arrested for politi-
cal reasons must be released immediately.
"Russia will conclude peace with the Ukrain-
ian People's republic. Ukraine and Finland
will be immediately evacuated by Russian
troops and red guards.
"Russia will do all in its power to secure lor
Turkey the orderly return of its Anatolian
frontiers. Russia recpgnizes the annulment of
the Turkish capitulation.
"The complete demobilization of the Rus-
sian army, inclusive of the detachments newly
formed by the present government, must be
carried out immediately.
"Russian warships in the Black sea, the Bal-
tic sea, and the Arctic ocean must immediately
either be sent to Russian harbors and kept
there until the conclusion of peace or be dis-
armed. Warships of the entente which are
in the sphere of Russian authority must be
regarded as Russian ships.
"Merchant navigation of the Black sea and
Baltic sea must be renewed, as stated in the
armistice treaty. The clearing away of mines
is to begin immediately. The blockade of the
Arctic ocean is to remain in force until the
conclusion of a general peace.
"The Russo-German commercial treaty of
1914 must be enforced again. In addition,
there must be a guaranty for the free export
without tariff of ores and the immediate com-
mencement of negotiations for the conclusion
of a new commercial treaty, with a guaranty
of the most favored nation treatment, at least
until 1925. even in the case of the termination
of the provisorium, and finally, the sanction of
all clauses corresponding to paragraph 11 of
clauses 3, 4 and 15 of the Ukraine peace
treaty.
"Legal and political relations are to be regu-
lated in accordance with the decision of the
first version of the German-Russian conven-
tion. So far as action on that decision has
not yet been taken, especially with respect to
indemnities for civil damages, this must be
in accordance with the German proposal. And
there must be indemnification with expenses
for war prisoners, in accordance with the Rus-
sian proposal.
"Russia will permit and support so far as
she can German commissions for war prison-
ers, civil prisoners and war refugees.
"Russia promises to put an end to every
propaganda and agitation, either on the part
of the government or on the part of persons
supported by the government, against members
of the quadruple alliance and their political
and military institutions, even in localities oc-
cupied by the central powers.
"The above conditions must be accepted
within forty-eight hours. The Russian pleni-
potentiaries must start immediately for Brest-
Litovsk and sign at that place within three
days a peace treaty which must be ratified
within two weeks."
While Dr. von Kuehlmann was laying- down
these terms to the bolshevik chiefs the Ger-
mans were steadily pressing toward the east
on a wide front, carrying- everything- before
them and reaping a rich harvest of guns and
other war booty. Only here' and there did
the red guards offer a little resistance; prac-
tically the Teuton advance was unopposed.
Minsk, Rovno, Reval, Pskov and other impor-
tant places quickly fell into the hands of the
Germans. They approached to within less-
than 100 miles of Petrograd and caused a
general exodus of officials and civilians from
that city. On Feb. 24 a new peace delega-
tion left Petrograd for Brest-Litovsk. It con-
sisted of M. Kar'akhan. M. Zinovieft, M. Alex-
leff and M. Sokqlkokoff. After a few sittings,
over which Minister von Rosenberg, assistant
to Dr. von Kuehlmann, presided, the peace
conference ended March 3, when the Russian
delegates agreed to the German terms and
signed the political treaty, fearing that if they
delayed further other and more onerous condi-
tions would be added.
RUSSIAN PEACE TREATY.
Following are the articles of tha treaty oi
peace signed by the bolshevik government
of Russia and the representatives of "the
central powers:
1. The central powers and Russia declare
the state of war between them to be termi-
nated, and are resolved henceforth to live in
peace and friendship with one another.
2. The contracting- nations will refrain from
all agitation or provocation against other sig-
natory governments, and undertake to spare
the populations of the regions occupied by
the powers of the quadruple entente.
3. The regions lyin,? west of the line agreed
upon by the contracting parties, and formerly
belonging to Russia, shall no longer be under
Russian sovereignty. It is agreed that the
line appears from the appended map, No. 1.
which, as agreed upon, forms an essential part
of the peace treaty. The fixing of the line
in the west will be settled by the German-
Russian mixed commission. The regions in
question will have no obligation whatever to-
ward Russia arising from their former rela-
tions thereto. Russia undertakes to refrain
from all interference in the internal affairs
of these territories and to let Germany and
Austria determine the future fate of these
territories in agreement with their populations.
4. Germany and Austria agree, when a gen-
eral peace is concluded and Russian demobili-
zation is fully completed, to evacuate the re-
gions east of the line designated in article 3.
No. 1, in so far as article 6 does not stipu-
late otherwise. Russia will do everything in
her power to complete as soon as possible the
evacuation of the Anatolian provinces and
their orderly return to Turkey. The districts
of Erivan, Kara and Batum will likewise with-
out delay be evacuated by Russian troops.
Russia will not interfere in the reorganization
of the constitutional or international condi-
tions of these districts, but leave it to the
populations of the districts to carry out the
reorganization, in agreement with the neigh-
boring states, particularly Turkey.
5. Russia will without delay carry out the
complete demobilization of her army, includ-
ing the forces newly formed by the present
government. Russia will further transfer her
warships to Russian harbors and leave them
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
465
there until a general peace or immediately dis-
arm. Warships of states continuing- in a
state of war with the quadruple alliance will
be treated as Russian warships in so far as
they are within Russian control.
The barred zone in the Arctic continues in
force until the conclusion of peace. An im-
mediate beginning will be made of the removal
of mines in the Baltic and in so far as Rus-
sian power extends in the Black sea. Com-
mercial shipping is free in these waters and
will be resumed immediately. A mixed com-
mission will be appointed to fix further regu-
lations, especially for the announcement of
routes, for merchant ships. Shipping1 routes
are to be kept permanently free from floating1
mines.
6. Russia undertakes immediately to conclude
peace with the Ukrainian People's republic and
to recognize the peace treaty between this
state and the powers of the quadruple alliance.
Ukraine territory will be immediately evacu-
ated by the Russian troops and the Russian
red guard. Russia will cease all agitation or
propaganda against the government or the
public institutions of the Ukrainian People's
republic.
Esthonia and Livonia will likewise be evac-
uated without delay by the Russian troops
and the Russian red guard.
The eastern frontier of Esthonia follows in
general the line of the Narova river. The
eastern frontier of Livonia runs in general
through Peipus lake and Pskov lake to the
southwesterly corner of the latter; then over
Lubahner [Luban] lake in the direction ol
Lievenhof, on the Dyina.
Esthonia and Livonia will be occupied by a
German police force until security is guaran-
teed by their own national institutions and
order in the state is restored. Russia will
forthwith release all arrested or deported in-
habitants of Esthonia and Livonia and guar-
antee the safe return of deported Esthonians
and Livonians.
Finland and the Aland islands will also
forthwith be evacuated by the Russian troops
and the red guard and Finnish ports by the
Russian fleet and Russian naval forces.
So long as the ice excludes the bringing of
Russian warships to Russian ports, only small
detachments will remain behind on the war-
ships. Russia to cease all agitation or prop-
aganda against the government or the public
institutions in Finland.
The fortifications erected on the Aland
islands are to be removed with all possible
dispatch. A special agreement is to be made
between Germany, Russia. Finland, and Sweden
regarding the permanent nonfortification of
these islands as well as regarding their treat-
ment in military, shipping, and technical re-
spects. It is agreed that at Germany's desire
the other states bordering on the Baltic are
also to be given a voice in the matter.
7. Starting- from the fact that Persia and
Afghanistan are free and independent states,
the contracting parties undertake to respect
their pplitical and economic independence and
territorial integrity.
8. Prisoners 'of war on both sides will be
sent home.
9. The contracting parties mutually renounce
indemnification of war costs;— that is to say,
state expenditures for carrying on the war.
as well as indemnification, for war damages —
that is to say, those damages which have
arisen from them and their subjects in the
war regions through military measures, inclu-
sive of all requisitions undertaken in the
enemy country.
10. Diplomatic and consular relations be-
tween the contracting parties will be resumed
immediately after the ratification of the peace
treaty. Special agreements are reserved rela-
tive to the admittance of the respective con-
suls.
11. The prescriptions contained in Appen-
dices 2 to 5 shall govern the economic rela-
tions between the powers of the quadruple al-
liance and Russia — namely appendix 2 for
German-Russian, appendix 3 for Austro-Hun-
gaiian-Russian, appendix 4 for Bulgarian-
Russian, and appendix 5 lor Turkish-Ru'ssian
relations.
12. The restoration of public and private
relations, the exchange of prisoners ol war,
interned civilians, the amnesty question, as
well as the treatment of merchant ships which
are in enemy hands, will be regulated by sepa-
rate treaties with Russia, which shall form an
essential part ol the present peace treaty, and
as far as is feasible shall enter into lorce at
the same time.
13. For the interpretation of this treaty J,he
German and Russian text is authoritative lor
the relations between Germany and Rus-sia;
lor the relations between Austria-Hungary and
Russia, the German, Hungarian and Russian
text: lor the relations between Bulgaria arid
Russia, the Bulgarian-Russian text; lor the
relations between Turkey and Russia, the Tur-
kish and Russian text.
14. The present peace treaty will be ratified.
Instruments ol ratification must be exchanged
as soon as possible in Berlin. The Russian
government undertakes at the desire ol -.one
of the quadruple alliance to exchange ratifica-
tions within two weeks. The peace treaty en-
ters into force on its ratification, in BD far
as its articles, appendices, or supplementary
treaties do not prescribe otherwise.
WILSON MESSAGE TO SOVIETS.
The treaty was referred by the Russian au-
thorities to a congress of Soviets held in Mos-
cow March 14-16, and was ratified by that
body by a vote of 704 to 261. Three daxs
before the opening of the congress Presidmt
Wilson sent the following message, which
was read when the members had assembled:
"May I not take advantage ol the meeting-
ol the congress ol the Soviets to express the
sincere sympathy which the people of the
United States feel for the Russian peonte at
this moment when the German power has been
thrust in to interrupt and turn back the whole
struggle for freedom and substitute the wishes
of Germany for the purpose of the people ol
Russia ?
"Although the government ol the United
States is unhappily not now in a position to
render the direct and effective aid it would
wish to render, I beg to assure the people o'l
Russia, through the congress, that it will
avail itself of every opportunity to secure 'lor
Russia once more complete sovereignty and in-
dependence in her own affairs and full resto-
ration to her great role in the life ol Europe
and the modern world.
"The whole heart ol the people ol the
United States is with the people ol Russia in
the attempt to Iree themselves lorever Irom
autocratic government and become the masters
oi their own life."
RESPONSE FROM THE CONGRESS.
President Wilson's message was received with
apparent sympathy when it was read and the
following response was made:
"The all-Russian congress of Soviets ex-
presses its appreciation to the American peo-
ple and first ol all the laboring- and exploited
classes in the United States for the messape
sent by President Wilson to the congress of
Soviets at this time when the Russian social-
ist soviet republic is living through most dif-
ficult trials.
"The Russian republic uses the occasion of
the message from President Wilson to express
to all people, who are dying and suffering
from the horrors of this imperialistic war, its
warm sympathy and firm conviction that the
happy time is near when the laboring masses
in all bourgeois countries will throw off the
capitalist yoke and establish a socialist state
of society, which is the only one capable bl
assuring a permanent and just peace as well
as the culture and well being of all who toil."
466
ALMANAC AND TEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
ALLIES DENOUNCE RUSSIAN PEACE.
The following' statement was issued through
the foreign office in London March 18, 1918,
at the close of a two days' conference of the
al.ues' supreme war council, in which Gen.
Bliss and Vice-Admiral Sims represented the
United States:
"The prime ministers and foreign ministers
of the entente assembled in London feel it to
bo their bounden duty to take note of the
political crimes which under the name of a
German peace have been committed against
the Russian people.
"Russia was unarmed. Forgetting- that lor
four years Germany had been fighting against
the independence of nations and the rights of
mankind, the Russian government, in a mood
of singular credulity, expected to obtain by
persuasion that 'democratic peace' which it
had failed to obtain by war.
"The results were that the intermediate
armistice had not expired before the German
command, though pledged not to alter the dis-
position of its troops, transferred them en
masse to the western front, and so weak did
Russia find herself that she dared to raise no
protest against this flagrant violation of Ger-
many's plighted word.
"What followed was of like character, when
'the German peace' was translated into action.
It was found to involve the invasion of Rus-
sian territory, the destruction or capture of
all Russia's means of defense and the organ-
ization of Russian lands for Germany's profit,
a proceeding which did not differ from 'an-
nexation' because the word itself was care-
fully avoided.
"Meanwhile, those very Russians who had
made military operations impossible found
diplomacy impotent. Their representatives
were compelled to proclaim that, while they
refused to read the treaty presented to them,
they had no choice but to sign it: so they
signed it, not knowing whether in its true sig-
nificance it meant peace or war, nor measuring
the degree to which Russian national life was
reduced by it to a shadow.
"For us of the entente governments the
judgment which the free peoples of the world
will pass on these transactions would never
be in doubt. Why waste time over German
pledges when we see that at no period in her
history of conquest — not when she overran
Silesia nor when she partitioned Poland — had
she exhibited herself so cynically as a de-
stroyer of national independence, the implaca-
ble enemy of the rights of man and the dig-
nity of civilized nations?
"Poland, whose heroic spirit has survived
the most cruel of national tragedies, is threat-
ened with a fourth partition, and, to aggra-
vate her wrongs, devices by which the last
truce of her independence is to be crushed are
based on fraudulent promises of freedom.
"Wh.it is true of Russia and Poland is no
less true of Roumania, overwhelmed like them
in a flood of merciless passion for domma-
"Peace is loudly advertised, but under the
disguise of verbal professions lurk the brutal
realities of war and the untempered rule of
a lawless force.
"Peace treaties such as these we do not
and cannot acknowledge. Our own ends are
very different. We are fighting, and mean to
con'timie fighting, in order to finish once for
all with this policy of plunder and to estab-
lish in its place the peaceful reign of or-
ganized justice.
"As incidents of this long- war unroll them-
selves before our eyes, more and more clearly
do we perceive that the battles for freedom
are everywhere interdependent: that no sepa-
rate enumeration of them is needed, and
that in every case the single but all sufficient
appeal is to justice and right.
"Are justice and right going to win?
"In so far as the issue depends on battles
vet to come, the nations whose fate is in the
balance may surely put their trust in the
armies which, even under conditions more
difficult than the present, have shown them-
selves more than equal to trie great cause
intrusted to their valor."
COST OF GERMAN PEACE TO RUSSIA.
It was announced by the commissaire of
commerce in Petrograd April 10 that under
the terms of the peace treaty with the cen-
tral powers Russia had lost more than 200,000
square miles of territory, one-third of her
total railway mileage. 73 per cent of the total
iron production, 89 per cent of the coal
production. 2C8 sugar refineries. 918 textile
factories. 374 breweries. 133 tobacco factories.
1,685 distilleries, 244 chemical factories. tiJ.5
paper mills. 1,073 machine factories and l.aoO
saving's banks.
DISORDER REIGNS IN RUSSIA.
The peace treaty with the Germanic powers
was obnoxious to all factions in Russia, but
the bolshevists were bound to see it carried
into effect and tried to do so. There was
strong opposition in the Caucasus, in Siberia
and many other parts of the former empire.
Fighting occuired in the Ukraine and .in Si-
beria in March, the antibolshevist forces in
Siberia being led by Gen. Semenoff, with a
small force of Cossacks. .
German troops landed in Finland on Feb. 21.
and on March 1 a treaty was signed providing
for the evacuation of Finland by the Rus-
sians. The Aland islands were seized by the
Germans March 3. On March 7 it was an-
nounced that a treaty of peace had been signed
between Finland and Germany.
Leon Trotzky asked for ten American officers
to aid in raising a new volunteer army and
also asked for help in the reorganization of
the railway system. Under the circumstances
the request could not be complied with. The
Transcaucasian constituent assembly on March
21 refused to ratify the peace treaty with
Germany. The Armenians and Georgians . also
refused to recognize the cession of territory
made under the Brest-Litovsk treaty. On .April
9 the province of Kazan proclaimed an inde-
Eendent republic by the congress of peasants
i that region.
Finding themselves unsafe in Moscow, which
had been made the capital of the bolshevist
government, the diplomatic representatives of
most of the allied and neutral nations left the
country. Some of them only went as far as
Vologda. 300 miles northeast of Moscow, late
in March. The American ambassador, Mr.
Francis, went with them. Later they went
to Archangel.
JAPAN AND BRITAIN ACT.
Owing to the menacing condition of thing's in
Siberia, and especially the presence there of
numerous German and Austrian prisoners,
who were aiding the bolshevists, it was felt
that allied interests in the far east were in
grave danger. Japan and Britain early consid-
ered the matter of intervention, though it was
regarded as a delicate matter, as Russian
friendship was desired. Nothing1 was done un-
til some Japanese subjects were killed in
Vladivostok and allied property was endan-
gered on account of the prevalence of looting
and general anarchy. Then on April 5 two
companies of Japanese marines and fifty armed
British sailors were landed in Vladivostok.
Some American marines were also landed. On
April 11 the consular corps in the city an-
nounced that the landing had become neces-
sary on account of the anarchy in the port
and that the troops would be withdrawn as
soon as order was restored. M. Tchitcherin,
the bolshevist commissaire for foreign affairs,
protested vigorously against the landing, even
threatening to declare war, but he took no
other action.
The situation both in Siberia and in the
Murmansk region in northern Russia contin-
ued disquieting not only to Japan but to the
allies and the United States. It was recog-
nized that Japan and the United States were
in the best position to take action, especially
in Siberia, and it was finally decided, after
many exchanges of views, that they should ex-
tend aid to Russia in restoring order by send-
ing armed forces to Vladivostok. President
Wilson studied the question carefully and after
arriving at a decision imparted it to Great
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
467
Britain, France, Italy and Japan. These na-
tions approved in principle the line of action
proposed.
PRESIDENT WILSON'S PLAN.
On Aug. 3 the president, through Acting1
Secretary of State Frank L. Polk, issued the
following' statement:
"In the judgment of the government of the
United States — a judgment arrived at after
repeated and very searching' considerations of
the whole situation — military intervention in
Russia would be more likely to add to the
present sad confusion there than to cure it.
and would injure Russia, rather than help
her out of her distresses. Such military in-
tervention as has been most frequently pro-
posed, even supposing1 it to be efficacious in
its immediate object of delivering: an attack
upon Germany from the east, would, in its
Judgment, be more likely to turn out to be
merely a method of making1 use of Russia
tb an to bo a method of serving1 her. Her
people, if they profited by it at all, could
not profit by it in time to deliver them from
their present desperate difficulties, and their
substance would meantime be used to main-
tain foreign armies, not to reconstitute their
own or to feed their own men, women and
children. We are bending1 all our energies
now to the purpose, the resolute and confident
purpose, of winning- on the western front,
and it would, in the judgment of the govern-
ment of the United States, be most unwise
to divide or dissipate our forces.
"As the government of the United States
pees the present* circumstances, therefore,
military action is admissible in Russia now
only to render such protection and help as
is possible to the Czecho-Slovaks against the
armed Austrian and German prisoners who are
attacking them, and to steady any efforts at
self-government or self-defense in which the
Russians themselves may be willing to accept
assistance. Whether from Vladivostok or
from Murmansk and Archangel, the only pres-
ent object for which American troops will be
employed will be to guard military stores
which may subsequently be needed by Rus"-
sian forces and to render such aid as may
be acceptable to the Russians in the organiza-
tion off their own self-defense.
"With such objects in view, the government
of the United States! is now co-operating with
the governments of France and Great Britain
in 'the neighborhood of Murmansk and. Arch-
angel. The United States, and Japan are the
only powers which are just now in a posi-
tion to act in Siberia in sufficient force to
accomplish even such modest objects as those
that have been outlined. The government of
the United States has, therefore, proposed to
the government of Japan that each of the two
governments send a force of a few thousand
men to Vladivostok, with the purpose of co-
operating as a single force in the occupation
of Vladivostok and the safeguarding, so far
as it may. the country to the rear of the west-
ward moving Czecho-Slovaks, and the Japanese
government has consented.
"In taking- this action the government of
the United States wishes to announce to the
people of Russia in the most public and sol-
emn manner that it contemplates no inter-
ference with the political sovereignty of Rus-
sia, no intervention in her internal affairs —
not even in the local affairs of the limited
areas which her military force may be obliged
to occupy — and no impairment of her terri-
torial integrity, either now or hereafter, but
that what we are about to do has as its
single and only object the rendering of such
aid as shall be acceptable to the Russian
people themselves in their endeavors to regain
control of their own affairs, their own terri-
tory and their own destiny. The Japanese gov-
ernment, it is understood, will issue a similar
assurance.
"These plans and purposes of the govern-
ment of the United States have been commu-
nicated to the governments of Great Britain.
France and Italy, and those governments have
advised the department of state that they as-
sent to them in principle. No conclusion that
the government of the United btates has ar-
rived at in this important matter is intended,
however, as an effort to restrict the actions or
interfere with the independent judgment of
the governments with which we are now as^
sociated in the war.
"It is also the hope and purpose of the
government of the United States to take ad-
vantage of the earliest opportunity to send to
Siberia a commission of merchants, agricultural
experts, labor advisers. Red Cross representa-
tives and agents of the Young- Men's Christian
association accustomed to organizing the best
methods of spreading useful information and
rendering1 educational help of a modest kind in
order in some systematic way to relieve the
immediate economic necessities of the people
there in every way for which an opportunity
may open. The execution of this plan will
follow and will not be permitted to embarrass
the military assistance rendered to the Czecho-
slovaks.
"It is the hope and expectation of the gov-
ernment of the United States that the gov-
ernments with which it is associated will.
wherever necessary or possible, lend their active
aid in the execution of these military and eco-
nomic plans."
STATEMENT FROM JAPAN.
The following declaration was published in
the Official Gazette in Tokyo. Japan. Aug. 2:
"The Japanese government, actuated by
sentiments of sincere friendship toward the
Russian people, have always entertained most
sanguine hopes of the speedy re-establish-
ment of order in Russia, and of the healthy
untrammeled development of her national life.
"Abundant proof, however, is now afforded
that the central European empires, taking- ad-
vantage of .the defenseless and chaotic condi-
tion in which Russia has momentarily been
placed, are consolidating their hold on that
country and are steadily extending their activi-
ties to Russia's eastern possessions. They have
persistently interfered with the passage of
Czecho-Slovak troops through Siberia. In the
forces now opposing these valiant troops. Ger-
man and Austro-Hungarian prisoners are free-
ly enlisted, and they practically assume a
position of command.
"The Czecho-Slovak troops, aspiring- to se-
cure a free and independent existence for their
race and loyally espousing the common cause
of the allies, justly command every sympathy
and consideration from the cobelligerents to
whom their destiny is a matter of deep and
abiding- contfern.
"In the presence of the danger to which
the Czecho-Slovak troops actually are ex-
posed in Siberia at the hands of the Germans
and Austro-Hungarians. the allies have natural-
ly felt themselves unable to view -with indif-
ference the untoward course of events and
a certain number of their troops already' have
been ordered to proceed to Vladivostok.
"The government of the United States, equal-
ly sensible of the gravity of the situation, re-
cently approached the Japanese government
with proposals for the early dispatch of troops
to relieve the pressure weighing upon the
Czecho-Slovak forces. The Japanese govern-
ment, being anxious to fall in with the de-
sire of the American government, has decided
to proceed at once to make disposition of suit-
able forces for the proposed mission, and a
certain number of these troops will be sent
forthwith to Vladivostok.
"In adopting- this course, the Japanese gov-
ernment remains constant in its desire to pro-
mote relations of enduring friendship, and it
reaffirms its avowed policy of respecting1 the
territorial integrity of Russia and of abstain-
ing from all interference in her internal poli-
tics. It further declares that upon the reali-
zation of the objects above indicated it will
immediately withdraw all Japanese troops from
Russinn territory nnd will leave wholly unim-
paired the sovereignty of Russia in all its
phases, whether political or military."
468
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
SIBERIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES.
The American troops as well as the Japanese
were under the command of Gen. Kikuzo Otani.
His chief of staff was Gen. Mitsuye Yui and
staff officers, Gen. Toru Takenouchi, Mai .-Gen.
Nakashima and Maj.-Gen. Inagaki. On Aug.
7 Gen. March, chief of staff, announced that
Ma j. -Gen. William S. Graves would be the com-
manding officer of the American expeditionary
force in Siberia. It was also announced that
the expedition would be relatively small. The
fc7th and 31st regular regiments of 1.200 men
each and commanded respectively by Col. Hen-
ry D. Stryker and Col. Elnore F. Taggart, were
the first troops sent, as they were stationed in
the Philippines. They began disembarking at
Vladivostok on Aug. 15 and were received with
enthusiasm by all except the bolshevist ele-
ments of the population. About an equal
number of Japanese had landed a few days
before and were already acting in conjunction
with the Czecho-Slovak forces. On the 19th
the American troops paraded in Vladivostok.
They created a favorable impression on the
other allied troops, who warmly greeted them.
There was a distinct atmosphere of passive
hostility on the part of a majority of the na-
tive population, owing to the predominance
of the bolshevist element, but there was no
open demonstration.
In the vicinity of the Czecho-Slovak head-
Quarters, where friendly Russians had congre-
gated, there were repeated outbursts of cheer-
ing, and the women threw flowers and waved
American flags. All the allies were represented
in the reviewing stand by military officers and
naval guards.
The Japanese general. Kikuzo Otani. com-
mander of the entente allied forces in Si-
beria, took charge of his command on Aug.
19. This fact was announced at general
council of the allied commanders. The spirit
of fullest co-operation was manifested by the
council, the officers assuring Gen. Otani that
they were proud to serve under him
The various elements retained their identity
as separate units concerning matters of admin-
istration and supply, but were subject to or-
ders from the generalissimo regarding strategy
and military operations.
The first fight in which the American troops
took part was on the Ussuri river Iront on
Aug. 27, when they and their allies won a
victory over the bolshevist forces. Many other
Skirmishes occurred.
LANDING AT AKCHANGEL.
It was officially anounced by Chief of Staff
March on Sept. 11 that American troops had
landed at Archangel to assist the other allied
forces there in the campaign for the re-estab-
lishment of order in northern Russia. The
route by which these troops were sent was
not revealed, but it was assumed that they
had started from English camps, where many
American soldiers had been undergoing train-
ing. A dispatch from Archangel, dated Sept.
4, announced that American troops had ar-
rived safely at Archangel. Many of them
could speak the Russian language fluently. Most
of the troops were from states where, the win-
ters are like those in Russia. Their voyage
was quick and tranquil.
The troops saw active service almost im-
mediately, and throughout September, Oc-
tober and November had many engagements
with the bolsheyiki, being almost invariably
successful both in offensive and defensive ac-
tions. The fighting along the Dvina river was
especially severe, gunboats being used by both
sides.
Protection of allied stores sent to the old
Russian government from seizure by bolshe-
vist forces was the first motive of the allies'
landing on the northern coast. Afterward
it was found that it was a good strategic point
from which to attack the bolshevist govern-
ment, with which all of the allies had oroken
relations.
ASSASSINATIONS IN RUSSIA.
There were many assassinations in Russia
In the course of the year. Most of them were
committed by the bolshevist authorities, who
were especially eager to put as many of the
moderate socialists and well to do persona out
of the way as possible. Scores of shootings
occurred in Petrograd, Moscow and other
places daily. On the other hand, attempts
were made on the lives of Lenin and Trotzky
repeatedly, the former being- seriously wound-
ed on one occasion and having narrow escapes
on others. On Aug. 30 in Moscow he was shot
by Dora Kaplan, a girl belonging to the social
revolutionary party. One of his lungs was
penetrated by a bullet and for a time it was
thought he would die. He, however, gradu-
ally recovered. His assailant was so badly
mauled by his sympathizers that she had to
be taken to a hospital. Her fate was not
made known, but it is presumed that she
Was executed.
GERMAN AMBASSADOR KILLED.
Count von Mirbach, German ambassador to
Russia, was killed by social revolutionaries
July 6, 1918, in Moscow. Count Mirbach.
Privy Councilor Riesler and Lieut. Mueller
were seated with the two Russians at a marble
table in the middle of a room in the German
embassy. On one side were the Germans and
on the other the Russians. All were seated
in low leather chairs, which was an advan-
tage for the Russians, as they were thus able
to get their weapons ready under the marble
table without being observed, while their vic-
tims, leaning back in their chairs, offered an
easy target. During the conversation the Rus-
sians began to turn over the pages of their
documents as though in search of some miss-
ing paper, and the attention of the Germans
was thus distracted by this pause. While
Count Mirbach and his colleagues imagined
that the Russians were examining the docu-
ments they had drawn out their weapons
under the cover of the table. They then
sprang up with revolvers and began firing one
Russian aiming at Count Mirbach, the other
at the two other Germans. Count Mirbach
was hit in the back of the head. On hear-
ing the . shots people hurried in from the
neighboring rooms, and the Russians there-
upon took to flight, but before jumping out
of the window each of them hurled a hand
grenade. Only one exploded, the splinters of
which hit Count Mirbach. killing him imme-
diately.
The killing was somewhat differently de-
sF1DTe<LDy Premier Lenin, who telegraphed to
M. Joffe, the Russian minister in Berlin as
follows :
"Two unknown men entered the German
embassy at 2 o'clock this afternoon, having
documents from a special committee. They
threw a bomb in Count von Mirbach'e office
wounding him so severely that he died.
"Representatives of the government imme-
diately visited the embassy and expressed in-
dignation at the act, which they considered as
a political maneuver to provoke trouble The
government is taking every measure to dis-
cover the murderers and bring them before a
special revolutionary tribunal.
"Extra measures have been taken to pro-
tect the German embassy and citizens. The
government requests you to express to the
German government the Russian government's
indignation and convey its sympathy to the
family of the late count."
The German government, which at this time
was more concerned about events on the west-
ern front than with Russian affairs, accepted
Lenin's assurances and took no action. Dr.
Karl Helflerich was appointed to. succeed Count
von Mirbach, but he found the perils of Mos-
cow so grave that he quickly returned to Ger-
many. Some 200 social revolutionists were
executed for participating in the assassination
of Ambassador yon Mirbach. Among them
were Alexandrovich. Katz-Kamkov and Miss
Spiridonova, all noted revolutionary leaders.
ASSASSINATION OF VON EICHHORN.
Field Marshal von Eichhorn. German com-
mander in the Ukraine, was killed by a bomb
thrown by a socialist in the streets of Kiev.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
469
July 30. 1918. The bomb was thrown from a
passing cab while the commander was driving
to his headquarters from the Casino, by a 23
year old social revolutionist from Moscow
named Boris Danskio. Danskio. captured, ad-
mitted that the central committee of the social
revolutionists of the lelt in Moscow provided
him with a revolver, a bomb and money.
A Berlin official dispatch regarding- the
field marshal's death said that after .he
had received severe wounds on the left side
heart trouble set in. and the means applied to
strengthen the heart gave 9nly temporary re-
lief. Capt. yon Dressier, his adjutant, it was
announced, died from loss of blood.
From the very beginning1 Von Eichhorn
treated the Ukrainians as slaves whose only
reason lor living was to see that Germany ob-
tained enough food from the land. His first
measure was to force the peasants under the
most severe penalties to cultivate the land for
the Germans' benefit. His last was to fix a
price lor corn which would enable the Ger-
mans to obtain bread more cheaply but which
would absolutely ruin the Ukraine peasants
and landlords.
The climax was reached when he had two
popular members of the first Ukraine govern-
ment arrested and sentenced to various terms
of imprisonment on charges of plotting against
Germany. German journalists who traveled
through the Ukraine returned to Berlin warn-
ing that the Germans were more hated there
than anywhere in the world.
Boris Danskio, the assassin, was executed,
according to advices from Kiev. The sen-
tence was pronounced by a German military
court.
NICHOLAS H. SHOT BY BOLSHEVIK!.
The former emperor of Russia. Nicholas II..
was summarily executed by the Ural regional
council of the bolshevist organization at 5
o'clock on the morning of July 16, 1918, in
Ekaterinburg, a town in the government of
Perm on the Asiatic side of the Ural moun-
tains. He had been transferred from Tobolsk,
Siberia, in May. with his wife, his daughter
Marie and a number of former court offi-
cials. His other three daughters and his heir.
Alexis, remained in Tobolsk. The excuse given
lor the killing of the former czar was that
Ekaterinburg was threatened by the approach
of Czecho-Blovak troops and that a counter-
revolutionary plot had been discovered, the
purpose of which was to remove the prisoner
from the authority of the council. The presi-
dent of this organization, therefore, ordered
Nicholas Romanoff shot and the decree was
carried out. It is said that the former mon-
arch's last words were: "Spare my wife and
my unhappy, innocent children. May my blood
preserve Russia from ruin."
No authentic information as to the fate of
the former empress and her children had been
made public up to Dec. 1. 1918. It was gen-
erally taken for granted that they had also
been put to death by the bolsheviki.
BRITISH ATTACHE KILLED.
The British embassy in Petrograd Vfaa
sacked by bolshevists on Aug. 31. 1918. and
Capt. Cromie, the British attache, who tried
to defend it, was murdered and his body bar-
barously mutilated.
AMERICA CONDEMNS TERRORISM.
In view of the state of terrorism inaugurated
in Russia by the bolshevist authorities, Robert
Lansing, the secretary of slate, sent on Sept.
21. 1918, the following telegram to all Amer-
ican ambassadors and ministers in the allied
and neutral countries :
"This government is in receipt of informa-
tion from reliable sources revealing that the
peaceable Russian citizens of Moscow, Petro-
grad and other cities are suffering from an
openly avowed campaign of mass terrorism
and are subject to wholesale executions. Thou-
sands of persons have been shot without even
a form of trial: ill adminstered prisons are
filled beyond capacity and every night scores
of Russian citizens are recklessly put to death,
and irresponsible bands are venting their
brutal passions in the dally massacre of un-
told innocents.
"In view of the earnest desire of the peo-
ple of the United States to befriend the Rus-
sian people and lend them all possible as-
sistance in their struggle to reconstruct their
nation upon principles of democracy and self-
government, and acting therefore solely in
the interest of the Russian people themselves,
this government feels that it cannot be silent
or refrain from expressing its horror at this
existing state of terrorism. Furthermore it
believes that in order successfully to check the
further increase of the indiscriminate slaughter
of Russian citizens all civilized nations should
register their abhorrence of such barbarism.
You will inquire, therefore, whether the
government to which you are accredited will
be disposed to take some immediate action,
which is entirely divorced from the atmos-
phere of belligerency and the conduct of war,
to impress upon the perpetrators of these
crimes the aversion with which civilization
regards their present wanton acts."
BOT.STTBVTKI AND BOLSHEVISM.
In the "War Encyclopedia" issued by the
committee on public information in Washing-
ton, D. C., "bolsheviki" is defined as a Rus-
sian word meaning "belonging to the majori-
ty." It was originally applied to the left or
radical wing of the Russian socialist demo-
cratic party. In 1905, at the time when a
split in the party occurred, the radicals, led
by Nikolai Lenin, were in the majority or
"bolshinsto," and hence called themselves maxi-
malists or bolsheviki, meaning the majority
faction. The moderates, similarly, are called
minimalists or "mensheviki." The social demo-
cratic party is composed mainly of industrial
workers. The other great socialist party o_f
Russia, the social revolutionary party, is
made up chiefly of peasants. In this party
also a division occurred into a more or less
radical wing, and in the summer of 1917 the
more radical faction, finding themselves in
agreement with Lenin on all points excer>t the
agrarian policy, adopted the name bolsheviki
and bega.n to work for the most part in al-
liance with their radical brethren of the so-
cial democratic party against the moderates,
or minimalists, of both the old parties.
Source of Bolshevik Power.
Louis Edgar Browne, staff correspondent of
The Chicago Daily News in Russia, sent a
series of illuminating cables to nis, paper in
April. 1918, from which the following extracts
are taken. They throw light on the source
of the bolshevik power and explain why, in
the face of worldwide opposition, they re-
toained in the saddle when all predicted that
they would speedily be unseated:
"Three years ago visionaries in the allied
nations dreamed that Berlin would fall before
the Russian steam roller. To-day the same
visianaries. now pessimists, condemn Russia as
a quitter among the nations, not seeing in this
vast country a future aid in the world war for
democracy. The majority of newspaper read-
ers in the allied countries probably suspect or
believe that the Russian soviet government
sold out to Germany and that the soviet lead-
ers are paid agents of the kaiser. These are
equally fatuous ideas.
"False interpretations of facts and rumors
that are cabled to the various allied countries
regarding the revolution have comfused and
misled many students of political movements,
whose judgment of the situation has been ac-
cepted as final. Thus there exists a tendency
in the allied countries to abandon Russia as a
hopeless liability, such action being excused
by frequent reiteration of the theory that the
soviet leaders are German ngents.
"In the last six months no definite policy to-
ward Russia that might have been adopted by
470
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
the allies would have changed Russia from a
bad liability to a substantial asset. Now six
months of disastrous revolutionary adventure
have put a new complexion 011 the situation.
Aroused by German Duplicity.
"We in Russia who are actually in contact
with the soviet government discern the pos-
sibility of Russia's again becoming1 a con-
tributing- member of the allies' coalition. We
see the soviet government a real power with
a firm grip on the internal situation. We see
the soviet government furious because of the
shameful peace Germany forced upon it. We
see the Soviet's growing1 resentment against
Germany. We feel the sentiment of the Rus-
sian people harden against Germany. We see
this resentment crystallizing' in Russia's efforts
to create a revolutionary army and the hur-
ried evacuation of munitions to depots beyond
the Vplga in preparation for the expected re-
sumption of German attacks.
"Above all we feel the new revolutionary
spirit demanding' war against Germany, which
spirit is the direct result of the growing: con-
viction of the Russian masses that Germany
menaces the existence of free Russia. We re-
alize that the Russian debacle was a catas-
trophe to the allies and that it prolonged the
war. This is ample reason for assisting Rus-
sia to recover some of her lost prestige.
Faults of Kerensky Government.
"When the American missions began co-
operating with Alexander Kerensky two glar-
ing faults were disclosed in the provisional
government.
"First — That government was built on the
foundations of the old regime. This meant
that the new socialistic order was trying to
utilize the bars of bureaucracy.
"Second — The provisional government was ut-
terly unable to organize the country's food
supply. Although American investigation
£ roved that Russia had sufficient food to feed
erself-. the cumbersome routine of the autoc-
racy proved top inelastic to meet the demands
of the revolution. Wherever Kerensky turned
he found hostility: whatever he tried to do
met with passive resistance which was as ef-
fective as active opposition.
Bureaucracy Fought Kerensky,
"The allies' military and technical units com-
plained of lack of progress. A member of the
American railway mission said: 'We cannot
help the Russians if they will not help them-
selves.' Kercnskv's government stirred up the
inertia of the old regime, but the machinery
was slowing down. The inability of the pro-
visional government to handle the food situa-
tion was largely due to the rottenness of the
governmental mechanism, and it furnished all
of Kerensky's enemies with a common target
lor attack. Extensive co-operation was neces-
sary, but the corrupt bureaucracy did not re-
spond to Kerensky's efforts.
"Kerensky's position was made more diffi-
cult by the war speculators. The American
mission found the food prices entirely dispro-
portionate to the cost of other commodities.
Prices of manufactured articles were inflated
to ten or a dozen times the normal prices,
while the price of food was arbitrarily decreed
at thrice its normal value. Result: The peas-
ants refused to exchange foodstuffs for cur-
rency because of the distortion of the normal
relative values. They preferred to barter grain
lor pbsolntely needed manufactured articles,
hoarding their surplus grain.
Shorn of Power by Soviet.
"If Kerensky had actually possessed the pow-
er he might have oiled up the old machine and
solved the food difficulty. But Kerensky was
without power. The soviet had usurped it.
Visible at every turn, alternately leading and
frustrating the provisional government, was
the soviet. It was virile and active, although
as yet openly unobtrusive. The Soviet's loower
was the direct result of gigantic propaganda
that had already won over with timeworn
formulas large groups of soldiers and the peas-
ant masses.
"Whenever Kerensky's duma moved it en-
countered the solid substance of the soviet
power. A clash invariably resulted and the
soviet invariably won.
"Then America entered the game. Tbi» was
in August, 1917.
American Red Cross at Work.
"America sent a Red Cross mission to Rus-
sia, which under the force of circumstances
erected itself into a political mission. This
unofficial effort mitigated the mistake which
all the allies made regarding the new Russia.
For purposes of war the various allied na-
tions selected as their representatives in Rusr
sia men who, through temperament and train-
ing, were fitted to work in harmony with the
czar's autocratic regime. The revolution came
and practically none of these representatives
.was replaced by a man more in tune with the
situation. The old representatives of the al-
lies were as much out of sympathy with the
new socialistic order as were the supporters of
the overthrown autocracy.
"The American Red Cross mission — now al-
most wholly a political mission — realized that
when the czar fell the fundamental bond of
Russian life was lost and there existed no
common unity of patriotism to hold Russia
together. The Russian people lived for the
czar and warred for the czar. The ideals of
patriotism crystallized in the czar's person.
Some new bond was essential. It was necessary
to create patriotism or something representing
patriotism. Throughout Russia were scores of
groups acting individually, with no apparent
desire for cohesion,
Vision of American Mission.
"The American mission believed that at-
tempts to re-establish the old bond were fore-
doomed to failure, because under it only about
6 per cent of the population had a real stake
in the nation, while since the revolution 90
per cent had tasted freedom and ownership.
There existed a solid mass of 15.000.000 sol-
diers against the re-establishment. Thus the
Korniloff, Kaledines and Alexieff moves were
destined ' > failure, although this was better
realized after a few bitter experiences.
"Russia's need of a new bond suggested to
the American mission a definite course of ac-
tion— namely, amalgamation and continued co-
operation of the political and military ele-
ments of the new Russia as a preliminary es-
sential: then the inauguration of a vast edu-
cational campaign seeking to create a new pa-
triotic unity in an ideal of 'a free Russia,
land for the peasants, freeholds and firesides.'
Nothing1 could be done without the coalition
of the military and political elements, which
had been growing more estranged. Consequently
the Korniloff plot was hatched.
Leaf from French Revolution.
"The plan interested the American mission.
The Korniloff-Kerensky amalgamation was first
to solve the food problem, which furnished
the main basis of attack against the Kerensky
government, and then co-operate in educating
the soldiers and peasants as to Germany's true
character. It was hoped that the effort would
culminate in the creation of a Russian revo-
lutionary army, the counterpart in spirit of
the French revolutionary army.
"On Aug. 15, 1917, members of the Amer-
ican Red Cross mission attended a conference,
at which Kerensky, Savinkoff, Nekrasspff and
Skobeloff discussed with them the details of a
COUP d'etat to effect an amalgamation of the
Korniloff and Kerensky forces. The next day
Kerensky. Korniloff and the American mission
met in the winter palace and further dis-
cussed details Of the plan. All urged its
speedy execution, as the Soviet's attacks be-
cause of the food situation and also the So-
viet's peace campaign were rapidly undermin-
ing the positions of both Kerensky and the
allies in Russia.
"Kerensky and Korniloff agreed to Join forces
and co-operate with the United States. They
ngrreed to meet the pressing food difficultr by
appointing M. Batolin food dictator. Batolm
was the Russian wheat magnate whose wizard-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
471
like foresight and almost superhuman powers
of organization enabled him to become prob*
ably the largest single human factor in Rus-
sia's industrial and commercial life, despite
the handicap of his birth in a peasant'* hovel.
Hoover Was to Be a Factor.
"The tentative economic agreement between
Russia and America proposed that Mr. Hoover
and other allied food specialists should be
brought into the conference. America was to
export to Russia certain foodstuffs in ex-
change for platinum and other metals, beet
seed, flax and hides. Kerensky and Korniloff
agreed jointly to sign a proclamation to this
effect guaranteeing a permanent food supply
to the Russian people and using America's
r.ame. They were to conduct a ruthless cam-
paign against speculators, invoking the death
penalty, if necessary. Both Kerensky and Kor-
nilolf were hopeful. They laid great stress
on the necessity of America's co-operation.
"Despite the urgent need of immediate ac-
tion, the plan hung fire until the American
mission, recognizing the Soviet's rapidly rising
power, advised Korniloff and Kerensky to aban-
don the plan entirely. Korniloff and Kerensky
obstinately refused. Then came their attempt.
As a coup d'etat a more miserable fiasco was
never seen. Everything went wrong1. But the
failure was no mystery. It was the soviet
vhich, learning of the plot. ' sprang into ac-
tivity, showing unsuspected depths of organi-
zation.
Soviet's Coup Well Planned.
"Overnight the Soviet's power became a fac-
tor of equal consideration with that of the
provisional government. This was not acci-
dental. It WAS the culmination of weeks of
untiring and skillful leadership. The Keren-
sky-Korniloff plot and the soviet counterplot
popped simultaneously. Kronstadt sailors hur-
ried to Petrograd under the thin pretext of
guarding Kerensky. The sailors surrounded
the winter palace, virtually held Kerensky .a
prisoner and forced him to repudiate his
pledges to Korniloff. They forced him to
sign a decree denouncing Korniloff as a coun.-_
ter-revolutionary. The movement was crushed
in twenty-four hours.
"The Soviet's maneuvers opened a new phase
of the situation which disclosed Kerensky's
lack of power. They made plain the fact
that Kerensky was running a socialistic gov-
ernment with the machinery of an autocracy
and was thus building on a false foundation.
A wholly socialistic organization was striving
to pverthrow both Kerensky and Korniloff. On
the' one hand Kerensky talked the old world
politics and diplomacy of the allies: on .the
other he shouted the most radical and excited
views of the Russian masses. The two things
did not mix. The opposition w_as the soviet
conducting revolutionary, socialistic, antiwar
propaganda. Its formula, 'peace, land and
bread,' was sweet music to the Russian ear,
being just what it wanted to hear.
Captivated Army of 15,000,000.
"Kerensky's declaration. 'We will fight until
the bitter end.' did not stand a show. Psycho-
logically the arguments of the soviet agitators
captivated the Russian masses. The Russian
soldiers fought Germany because the czar so
ordered. The czar was gone. Where was there
reason for fighting any further? Consequent-
ly the Soviet's formula. 'Pence for the soldiers.'
appealed to 15.000.000 soldiers.
" 'No annexations and no contributions,* was
a formula so often reiterated that it wns final-
ly accepted as a beautiful principle. The sol-
diers said: 'We have our villages on the Volga.
There is land enough for all. Why should
we take Constantinople? It does not belong
to us and we do not want it.'
"The formula. The land to the peasants.'
nppealed to the masses. The soviet told the
soldiers: 'The revolution gave you land: go
and take it.' Ever present in the soldier's
mind wns the fear that unless he went home
he might be overlooked when the land was
divided. The soviet made the most of this
argument.
"Industries to the Workmen."
"As a corollary to 'The land to the peasants'
there was 'The industries to the workmen.' in
all. the soviet so worked upon the soldiers
and the peasant workmen that all of them
believed that because the czar was deposed fur-
ther need of waging the czar's war did not
exist and also that the fruits of the revolu-
tion should immediately be enjoyed in full.
"Logical western minds found it easy to an-
swer this fallacious reasoning. The masses
of western Europe understood that behind the
victorious German bayonets lurked the old or-
der for Russia, with its dungeons, its misery
and its brutality. They understood that a
German victory meant the return of the landed
aristocrats, barons and grand dukes. Western
Europe was fully conscious of the dreadful
German menace to democratic culture. But
,the simple Russian soldier, nothing but an il-
literate Russian peasant clad in khaki, applied
primitive, not practical, tests. He reasoned:
'Why should we fight our German brother,
who is forced to fight by his kaiser war lord
just as the czar forced us to fight? We have
overthrown our oppressor. We will tell them
how it was done. They will overthrow their
kniser and we will live happily side by side—-
two great peoples enjoying full freedom.'
American Mission to the Rescue.
"The American mission decided that swift
educational work on a larger scale than ever
before attempted was necessary to teach the
Russian masses the fatuity of this beautiful
dream. It was hoped to put an X-ray on
Germany and show the Russian masses that
if Germany were victorious the new freedom
would be displaced by the re-establishment of
the old order and also that German victory
would restore the newly acquired land to the
hands of the nobles. The American mission
decided that the old revolutionary group led
by Mme. Breshovskaya, 'the grandmother of
the revolution,' with Tchaikowsky and Laze-
reff was the best medium lor conducting- an
educational campaign.
"The plan contemplated thousands of
speakers lecturing in the armies and the vil-
lages on the subject of the' German menace;
millions of pamphlets in simple Russian and
intelligible to the smallest village scribes:
posters, placards and colored cartoons scat-
tered broadcast.
"This educational campaign was to answer
the Soviet's slogan. 'Peace for the soldier, land
to the peasants, factories to the workmen and
bread for all.' The soviet was spending mil-
lions on its own propaganda. It employed
thousands of speakers and issued tons of
printed matter.
Plan for Vast Publicity Campaign.
"The American mission asked the American
fovernment for $1,000,000 immediately and
3.000.000 a month indefinitely for the pur-
pose of combating the soviet propaganda. Pre-
viously Elihu Root had recommended $10 -
000.000 for publicity.
"Six weeks after the American mission's re-
quest Washington sent to Russia a branch
of the committee on public information
which proceeded to tell the Russians how
many airplanes America was building, how
great an army America expected to raise and
how America was certain ultimately to win
the war. Neither America nor the allies ever
made one serious attempt to combat the So-
viet's peace propaganda and to explain to the
Russian people why Germany really menaced
their newly won freedom. Seventy per cent of
the Russian masses are uneducated, according1
to western standards. No one ever told the
Russian masses about the German menace.
How can we expect them to understand it ex-
cept through experience? It seemed as though
the allied representatives were completely ob-
livious to the growing, power of the soviet.
"Meanwhile the Soviet's power was Ptr^ngth-
ening and the soviet formulas undermined the
allied influence. Kerensky became weaker and
weaker. The o-llied political and military mis-
473
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
sions, except the American Red Cross and po-
litical mission, completely misunderstanding
the situation, charged Kerensky with ruining
the army and misusing the allies' confidence.
Allies' Stiff Note to Kerensky.
"It win be remembered that on the eve of
Kerensky's downfall the allied ambassadors, ex-
cepting the American ambassador, who had
received 110 instructions, presented Kerensky
with a stiff note of protest, amounting al-
mpst to an ultimatum, against conditions in
Kussia. This note is a part of the secret
trtjaty publications. The allies hindered and
persecuted Kerensky, whereas an active effort
to explain why Germany menaced Russia
might have frustrated the narcotic effect of
the Soviet's formulas.
"Three days before the Soviet's coup d'etat
•was delivered a conference was held. Kerensky
met the allied military representatives in the
rooms of the American mission. He declared
that he commanded the support of four Petro-
grad regiments, perhaps enough to defeat the
soviet forces, but Kerensky refused to remain
in power unless he was assured by the allies
of full support for the Russian policy which
Kerensky himself dictated. He was tired of
telling the allies what they insisted on hearing
through the mouth of the silver tongued
Terestchenko while he himself was telling the
Russjan people something quite different.
"Instead of discussing a concrete plan for
downing the soviet, the military representa-
tives indulged in a general denunciation of the
"icy of the provisional government and each
'iful detail of the Tarnopol and Riga re-
- -.its. Kerensky admitted all these charges,
but he did not see how he could have changed
events.
No Constructive Action Taken.
"E^ery attempt to reach an understanding
resulted in mutual recrimination. The meeting
lasted two hours, and despite the urgent pres-
sure of the American mission not a single con-
structive action was taken. Allied missions
favored supporting Kaledines and Alexieff as
against Kerensky. They scouted the possibility
that the soviet might overthrow; the pro-
visional government. Yet this virile soviet
organization had swept before it every mili-
tary unit, village and community into which
it penetrated. It had overcome obstacle after
obstacle, defeated Korniloff, gained the support
of. the majority of the bayonets at the front
and ass.umed control of the Baltic and Kron-
stadl fleets.
"The allied military missipns hardly sensed
this power. Yet Kerensky reiterated the neces-
sity of the allies' trusting him to deal ex-
clusively with the Russian situation. Keren-
sky's demand was not answered.
Flight of Kerensky.
"TJien came the blow. In five days all was
over and Kerensky fled, a hunted fugitive. The
allies then faced a new situation. The soviet
controlled the government, the rifles and the
masses. The Soviet's program pledged Russia
td the formula of peace. The soviet had what
Kerensky never had — power — the reason being
that the soviet promised the Russian people
just what the Russian people wanted, namely,
peace, land and bread. How to utilize this new
situation as a factor in winning the world
war for the allies became the burning problem
of the day.
"When the soviet power seized the Petrograd
government in November [1917] the ambassa-
dors from the entente countries were torn be-
twsen two desires. The stronger was to re-
msnn in Russia, wholly ignoring the soviet
government and anxiously awaiting its down-
fall; the weaker was to quit Russia altogether.
Not one realized the necessity of utilizing or
co-operating with the soviet for the purposes
of the world war.
"Among all the allied institutions in Russia
only, one little group understood the sitna-
tionH-nnmely. the American Red Cross mis-
eion. It realized that the soviet was not then
a positive factor in the struggle against Ger-
many, but it also realized that the soviet
was so secure in its position that not even
the concentrated efforts of all the other po-
litical elements in Russia could seriously
threaten the soviet government's hold on Rus-
sia.
"This small American unit was then unable
to swing the allied policy of the old diplo-
mats sent to Russia. The latter were
equipped to negotiate with the czar and could
not accommodate themselves to the changed
conditions. They failed to understand that
the soviet power had come to stay.
Predicted Early End of Soviet.
"Two of the ambassadors told" me: The
soviet is unable to last longer than ten days.'
Ten days passed, yet the soviet was secure.
After two months the diplomats were still
whispering: The soviet will last only a couple
of .weeks more.' The allied diplomatic and
military group even attempted to expedite the
Soviet's downfall.
"The military chief wrote notes to Douk-
honin, Alexieff and other leaders of the op-
position to the soviet. The allied militarists
supported Roumania and the Ukraine: both
told out to Germany. They flirted with the
Finnish white guards. France even recognized
the white guard government — German soldiers
are now fighting side by side with these white
guards.
"The little Red Cross group from the United
States saw the soviet as an unpleasant but
a necessary evil and began to co-operate with
it. The Red Cross weathered attack after
attack. Diplomats and militarists- alike con-
demned the overtures to the soviet govern-
ment.
"Now. in the sixth month of the soviet
rule, there exists just one lane of approach
to the soviet government, and that is through
the American Red Cross. The allies appear
at this time to be anxious to talk to Lenin
and Trotzky. Tentative overtures are made
daily. Britain has withdrawn her embassy
and. substituted as her official representative
a young liberal, Lockhart. Though not a dip-
lomat, he recognizes the permanency of the
soviet power and the necessity of co-operation
with it. Already he has recovered some of
the lost ground. He is not entangled with the
o'd regime and consequently the soviet leaders
trust him and co-operate with him.
"But it was the American Red Cross that
made possible any resumption of negotiations
with the soviet. To-day it is the only allied
institution in Russia that the soviet really
trusts. It is about the only allied institution
that since November has not been actively in-
terested in some scheme seeking to accomplish
the Soviet's downfall.
What the Soviet Is.
"Originally there -existed differences between
the bolsheviki and the -soviet. To-day these
terms are practically synonymous. The bolshev-
iki utilized the soviet organization until they
became one with it. In order to grasp what
the soviet power in Russia really means one
must, define 'What is the soviet?'
"The soviet organization extends deep into
Russian life. Literally, the soviet means the
council of common usage: it means a village
council. Thus the modern Russian Soviet's
origin is the ancient village mir.
Where Soviet Gets Its Power.
'Russia's present official title is The Rus-
sian Socialistic Federated Republic of Soviets.'
The present day Russian soviet government is
really only the executive committee of a vast
number of local village, town and city Soviets
in which there exists a real sound democratic
idea of majority rule. The village Soviets
hold local elections and select membersto
attend the all-Russian congress of Soviets. This
congress chooses the government. It was such
an organizaton that ratified the Russo-Ger-
man peace.
"The bolsheviki were extreme socialists. They
perfected the organization of a central clear-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
473
ing house lor these thousands of Soviets. They
used thia organization to spread their propa-
ganda and won over to their point of view'
95 per cent of the soldiers and 80 per cent
of the peasant masses. The soviet program
was impossibly radical. It proposed imprac-
tical reforms. The bolshevist ideas are the
narrow outgrowth of sixty years of forced,
secret revolutionary work.
Soviet Is Largely Atheistic.
"We can hardly expect these revolutionists
to possess modern ideals, when they saw most-
ly only the seamy side of the czars regime.
Already a century behind the time, the revo-
lutionary workers became atheists. The soviet
is largely atheistic in tendency. The Russian
church was so bound up with the czar that
the masses say The church belonged to
the czar. It was the czar's instrument. We
do not trust the czar.'
"But. regardless of their atheism and their
fatuous, impossible reasoning, the bolsheviki
swept the country completely, coming to
dominate the national organization of the vil-
lage Soviets. And in sweeping the country
the bolsheviki became one with the soviet. The
conservative representatives of allied coun-
tries reasoned that the bolsheviki. now the
soviet leaders, -were simply hired agents of
Germany. They knew that Lenin came
through Germany in a sealed car. They said
that Trotzky was notoriously anti-Bntish.
They declared that the soviet program was
'made in Berlin.'
"Lenin did come to Russia through Berlin.
The bolsheviki did perhaps accept money from
Germany. They explain thai by saying, 'We
would accept money from the devil himself
in aid of our cause.1 There exists an old say-
ing that you may give a fanatic money, but
you cannot buy him. Germany undoubtedly
regrets Lenin's passage through Berlin: cer-
tainly the Germrns regret the money given to
the bolshevik propaganda which threatens to
boomerang back on Austria. Lenin did not
titter a single new word of extreme social-
ism. He and his associates made use of the
most radical ready made arguments available
because, knowing the psychology of the Rus-
sian masses, they understood that the argu-
ments, 'Peace, land, bread and factory control,
would appeal to 93 per cent of the mass, be-
cause the individuals of this mass never before
owned even their own souls.
"Perhaps Germany crystallized thingra by
urging bolshevik work in Russia, but the bol-
shevik formula was never made in Berlin. The
'land for the peasants' is a reiteration of the
Fourier-Proudhon scheme based on the idea
that 'all land belongs to the tillers of the
soil, proposed in France in 1842. 'Control of
industries by the workinerman' is only the
Pfert program of 1876 and 'Peace for the sol-
dier* is the formula of the international pub-
lished in the communist manifesto of 1£ _ _
which expounded the theory that the auto-
cratic ruling classes made wars to allay dis-
content at home and also for the purposes of
imperialistic exploitation and the acauisition
«>t foreign territories."
PAID AGENTS OF GERMANY.
The oommittoe on public information in
Washington. D. C.. in September, 1918.
printed a long and elaborate report made by
Edgar Sisson. the committee's special repre-
sentative in Russia during the winter of
1917-1918. This was later issued in pam-
phlet form with the following introduction
which sufficiently explains the character of
the report: "The committee on public in-
formation publishes herewith a series ol
comnrnnications between the German imperial
government and the Russian government and
the bolshevist government.
"These documents show that the present
heads of the bolshevist government — Lenin
and Trotzky and their associates — are Ger
man agents.
'They show that the bolshevist revolution
was arranged for by the German great general
staff and linaucecl by the German Imperial
jank and other German fiuancial institutions.
They show that the treaty of Brest-Litovsk
was a betrayal of the Russian people by tue
German agents. Lenin and Trotzky ; that a Ger-
man picked commander was chosen to 'd^'feud
'etrograd against the Germans: that German
officers have been secretlj • I'eceived by the
bolshevist government as military advisers, as
spies upon the embassies of Russia's allies, as
officers in the Russian army and as directors
of the bolshevist military, foreign and do-
mestic policy. They show, in short, that tho
resent bolshevist government is not a Rus-
sian government at all, but a German gov-
:rnment, acting solely in the interests ol Ger-
nany and betraying the Russian people, as it
betrays Russia's natural allies, for the benefit
of the imperial German government alone.
Workmen Betrayed.
'And they show also that the bplshevjst
leaders, for the same German imperial ends,
aave equally betrayed the working classes ol
Russia whom they pretend to represent.
"The documents are some seventy in num-
ber. Many are originals, annotated by bol-
shevist officials. The others are photographs of
originals, showing annotations. And they cor-
roborate a third set ol typewritten circulars.
of which only two originals are possessed, but
all of which fit perfectly into the whole jpat-
;ern of German intrigue and German guilt.
"The first document is a photograph ot a
report made to the bolshevist leaders by Jwo
ol their assistants, informing them that in ac-
cordance with their instructions there had
been removed from the archives of the Rus-
sian ministry of justice the order of the Ger-
man Imperial bank 'allowing money to Com-
rades Lenin. Trotzky and others for the propa-
ganda of peace in Russia.' and that at the same
time 'all the "joohs' cl a bank in Stockttolni
had been 'audited' to conceal the payment ol
money to Lenin. Trotzky and their asso-
ciates by order of the German Imperial bajik.
"This report is indorsed by Lenin, with. bis
initials, for deposit in 'the secret department'
of the bolshevist files. And the authenticity
of the report is supported by document No. ,2.
which is the original of a report sent ba TI
German general staff representative to the Bol-
shevist leaders, warning them that he has fust
arrested an agent who had in his possess
the original order of the German Imperial ha
referred to in document No. 1 and point
out that evidently 'at the proper time sf
were not taken to destroy the above mentio
documents.'
"Document No. 3 ia the original protocol
signed by several bolshevist leaders and dated
Nov. 2, 1917. showing that 'on instructions
of the representatives of the Genpan
general staff in Petrograd' and with 'ths cbn-
sent of the council of people's commissars,' lot
which Trotzky and Lenin were tfhe heads, fwo
incriminating German circulars had also fleen
'taken from the department ol socret service
of the Petrograd district' and given to the
secret service department of the German gen-
eral staff in Petrograd. On the bottom ol the
protocol the German adjutant acknowledges
receipt of the two incriminating circulars with
his cipher signature. And to complete the evi'.
dence the circulars are themselves penciled
with the cipher signature of the head of the
German secret service bureau.
"These two circulars apparently had been
obtained by some Russian agent in Germany
and transmitted to Russia. The German gen-
eral staff evidently wished to get them back In
order to destroy them. By the order of the
German general staff and with the 'consent* of
Lenin and Trotzky they are turned over to
the Germans to be destroyed. Why? Because
they are conclusive proof that on June 9,
1914. the German government was preparing
lor war, several weeks before the assassina-
tion of the Austrian archduke which 'wa»
made the pretext for war.
"One circular is an order from the Ge*>
474
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
man general staff, dated June 9, 1914. in-
forming: 'all industrial concerns' in Germany
to open the sealed envelopes containing: tlieir
'industrial mobilization plans and registered
forms,' so that they might be prepared lor
the war for which the excuse had, not yet
been found.
"The second circular is an order from the
German g-eneral staff of the high sea fleet,
dated Nov. 28, 1914, calling for the mobiliza-
tion of 'all destructive agents and observers'
in the United States and Canada for the pur-
pose of preventing the sailing of ships from
American ports to Russia, France and Eng-
land. The order calls for explosions, strikes,
'delays, embroilments and difficulties,' and it
recommends the employment of 'anarchists
and escaped criminals' for the purpose.
"It is these damning proofs of a German
conspiracy against the nations of Europe in
June. 1914. and against the United States in
November. 1914 — it is these that Lenin and
Trotzky surrendered to the German secret
service in Petrograd on order of 'the repre-
sentatives of the German general staff in
Petrograd.'
"And they surrender them in conformity
with a working agreement between the bolshe-
vist leaders and the German general staff, of
which agreement a photograph, is included in
the series as document No. 5.
"It is dated October. 1917. It is from a di-
vision of the German general staff. It is ad-
dressed to the council of the people's com-
missars, of which Lenin and Trotzky were the
heads. It begins:
" 'In accordance with the agreement which
took place at Kronstadt. in July of the pres-
ent year, between officials of our general staff
and leaders of the Russian revolutionary army
and democracy, Messrs. Lenin and Trotzky,
Rasolnikov and Dybenko. the Russian division
of our general staff operating in Finland is
ordering to Petrograd officers for the disposal
of the information department of the staff.'
Among the officers named are Maj. Luberts.
whose cipher signature is given as it appears
on the two surrendered German circulars men-
tioned above (document No. 3) and Lieut.
Hartwig, whose cipher signature is given as
it appears on the receipt for the two circulars.
And an indorsement on this letter from the
German general staff records that the Ger-
man officers assigned to Petrograd had ap-
peared 'before the military revolutionary com-
mittee* and had 'agreed on conditions with
regard to their mutual activities.'
"What their 'mutual activities' were to be
is sufficiently indicated by document No. 7,
which is a photograph of a letter signed in
cipher by this Maj. Luberts and his adjutant,
.Liieut. Hartwipr. They notify the bolshevist
leaders on Jan. 12, 1918. that 'by order pf the
German general staff' the German intelligence
section 'has informed us of the names and
the characteristics of the main candidates for
re-election' to the Russian bolshevist 'central
executive committee.' and 'the general staff
orders us to insist on tho election of the fol-
lowing: people.' They add a list of Russian
leaders satisfactory to the German general
staff. The list is headed by Trotzky and Le-
nin. They were elected, and the rest of the
present bolshevist executive committee was
chosen from the same German list.
"Document 28 gives evidence of the quid
pro quo. It is a photograph of a letter from
the president of the German Imperial bank to
the bolshevist commissar of foreign affairs. It
is marked 'very secret' and dated Jan. 8, 1918.
It says: 'Information has to-day been re-
ceived by me from Stockholm that 50.000.000
rubles [$25,000,000] of gold has been trans-
ferred to be put at the disposal of the people's
commissars.' which is the title of the bol-
shevist loaders. 'This credit,' the letter con-
tinues, 'has been supplied to the Russian gov-
ernment in order to cover the cost of the keep
of the red guards [the bolshevist revolution-
ary troops] and agitators in the country. The
imperial government considers it appropriate to
remind the council of people's commissars of
the necessity of increasing their propaganda
in the country, as the antagonistic attitude of
the south of Russia and Siberia to the existing
government in Russia ia troubling the German
government."
War Materials at Vladivostok.
"Four days later the same representative of
the German Imperial bank sent another
6.000.000 rubles L$2,500,000] to the same
address to provide for the sending of a Russian
revolutionary leader to Vladivostok, to get pos-
session of tne 'Japanese and American war ma-
terials' at that port, and if necessary to de-
stroy them. A photograph of this letter is
given as document No. 9.
"There were earlier payments, but probably
none later than these. None was necessary. By
this time the loot of an empire lay open to
the bolshevists — and to the Germans.
"Most significant of all are two photographs
of further communications from tne German
Imperial bank, given as documents Nos. 10
and 11. One is a letter addressed to the
chairman of the council of people's commis-
sars and the other is the 'resolution of a con.
ferenee of representatives of the German com-
mercial banks' received by the chairman of
the bolshevist central executive committee and
indorsed by his secretary. Together they give
a complete synopsis of the terms on which Ger-
many intends to have control of all Russian
industries.
"For five years from the signing of peace.
English, French and American capital in Rus-
sia is to be 'banished' and 'not to be allowed
in the following industries: Coal, metallurgical,
machine building, oil. chemical and pharma-
ceutical." These industries are to be developed
under the control ol a 'supreme advisory or-
gan consisting of ten Russian specialists, ten
from the German industrial organizations and
the German and Austrian banks.' Germany and
Austria are to 'enjoy the unlimited privilege
of sending into Russia mechanics and qualified
workmen. 'Other foreign mechanics and work-
men * * * are not to be allowed to enter
at all* for five years after the conclusion of
peace between Russia and Germany. 'Private
banks in Russia arise only with the consent"
of the union of German and Austrian banks.
And so forth.
Conspiracy Is Indorsed.
"And this conspiracy between German impe-
rial capitalism and the pretended Russian reds
is indorsed by a bolshevist leader, with the
recommendation that it should be 'taken un-
der advisement' and 'the ground prepared in
the council of the workmen's and soldiers' dep-
uties, in case the council of people's commis*
sars will not accept these requests.'
"Various details of the conspiracy between
the bolshevist leaders and the German general
staff are exposed in documents Nos. 16 to £9.
These are photographs of letters which
passed between the bolshevist leaders and
the German general staff, or the German
officers in Russia. Document No. 21 shows
that on Nov. 1, 1917. when Russia was still
regarded as an ally of Great Britain, France,
and America, the German general staff w_as
having 'the honor to request' the bolshevist
leaders to inform it 'at the earliest possible
moment' concerning 'the quantity and storage
place of the supplies which have been re-
ceived from America. England and France, and
also the units which are keeping guard over
the military stores."
"Document 18 shows the German general
staff requiring the bolshevist leaders to send
'agitators to the camps of the Russian prison-
ers of war in Germany," in order that they
might procure spies to work among: the Eng-
lish and French troops and to further 'peace
propaganda.' And this is proposed by the
German general staff as being 'according to
the negotiations between the Russian and Ger-
man peace delegations at Brest-Litovsk.'
"In document 22 the bolshevist leaders and
the Germans are crranging to send 'agents-agi-
tators and agents-destructors' out of Vladivos-
tok 'to ports of the United States, Japan
and British colonies in eastern Asia.*
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
475
Passports for Germans.
"In document 16 Trotzky is providing fraud-
ulent passports for German officers who are
iroing to England. France and America as spies
and enemy agents. And document 17 shows
Trotzky indorsing a similar proposal: 'To
tx; urgently executed. L. T.'
"Three German submarines are to be sent
to the Pacific on the Trans-Siberian railway
by orders of the German high command in
document No. 23. Lists of German and Rus-
sian suies watching the British, French and
American embassies in Petrograd are given
in document No. 25. And. finally, in docu-
ment No. 15 the bolshevist leaders are warned
that information concerning 'the connection of
the German government with the bolshevist
workers' has leaked out and that Russian
troops are hearing of it.
"Letters are given to show how the bolshe-
vist leaders and the German officers arranged
lor the assassination of Russian nationalist
leaders (documents 35, 39 and 52), for the
destruction of the Polish legionnaires in the
Russian army (documents 40 to 42), for the
disorganization of the Roumanian army and
the deposing of the Roumanian king (docu-
ment No. 37). for the substitution of officers
satisfactory to Germany in command of Rus-
sian troops instead of patriotic Russian gen-
erals (documents 31 and 32). for the sup-
pression of patriotic agitation among the Rus-
sian soldiers (documents 13 and 14), for
an attack upon the Italian ambassador in
Petrograd and the theft of his papers (docu-
ments 26 and 27) and for the employ-
ment of German soldiers in Russian uniforms
against the Russian national armies in the
south (document No. 35).
"Several of the letters are indorsed by
Trotzky. Even standing alone, they are com-
plete proof that the bolshevist leaders were
rilling as German agents in Russia and, obey-
ing German orders to act against all Ger-
many s enemies and even against Russia itself.
Acted as German Agents.
"Moreover, these bolshevist leaders acted as
German agents, by suppressing their own so-
cialist revolution in the Russian provinces
where their doctrines interfered with German
plans of annexation. Document No. 46 is the
original letter from the Petrograd intelligence
bureau of the German general staff addressed
to the bolshevist commissar of foreign af-
fairs. It reads: 'According- to instructions
of the representative of our general staff, I
have the honor once more to insist that you
recall from Esthonia. Lithuania and Courland
all agitators of the central executive commit-
tee of the council of workmen's and soldiers'
deputies.' And in document No. 47 the general
staff orders the bolshevists to 'cease the agi-
tation in Esthonia which had finally led to
the local German landlords being declared out-
lawed, and to 'take immediate steps for the
restoration of the rights of the above men-
tioned German landlords.'
"Another group of letters (Nos. 33 to 36>
shows how the Germans cheated the bolshevist
leaders in their dealings with the Ukraine. and
made a separate German peace with the anti-
bolshevist leaders in that Russian province.
And another group shows the Germans as-
sisting both sides of the civil war in Finland
(documents 38. 43 and 53)."
ROUMANIAN PEACE TREATY.
When the bolshevik government of Russia
not only made peace with the central powers
but attacked the Roumanian forces the posi-
tion of the Balkan kingdom became hopeless
and King Ferdinand's government was forced
to seek a separate peace with Germany and
her allies. Negotiations were begun Feb. 23,
1918, at Castle Bufftea near Bukharest, Rou-
mania being- represented by Premier Averescu,
Germany by Foreign Secretary Dr. von Kuehl-
mann. Austria-Hungary by Foreign Minister
Count Czernin and Bulgaria by Premier Rados-
lavoff. An armistice was arranged, and on
March 5 a preliminary treaty of peace was
signed. This provided for the ceding to the
central allied powers the Dobrogea as far as
the Danube, the frontier rectifications de-
manded by Austria-Hungary, demobilization of
the army, the evacuation of Austro-Hunga-
rian territory and support for the transport of
troops of the central powers through Moldavia
and Bessarabia to Odessa. On May 6. 1918, at
Bukharest the following formal treaty of
peace was signed by the representatives of
Roumania and the central powers:
"1. Germany, Austria-Hungary. Bulgaria.
and Turkey, on the one hand, and Roumania,
on the other, declare the state of war ended
and that the contracting parties are deter-
mined henceforth to live together in peace
and friendship.
"2. Diplomatic and consular relations be-
tween the contracting parties will be resumed
immediately after the ratification of the peace
treaty. The admission of consuls will be re-
served for a future agreement.
"3. The demobilization of the Roumanian
army, which is now proceeding, will, immedi-
ately after peace is signed, be carried out ac-
cording to the prescriptions contained in ar-
ticles 4 and 7.
"4. The regular military bureau, the su-
preme military authorities, and all the mili-
tary institutions will remain in existence as
provided by the last peace budget. The de-
mobilization of divisions 11 to 15 will be
continued, as stipulated in the treaty of Foc-
sani, signed on March 8 last. Of the
Roumanian divisions 1 to 10. the two infantry
divisions now employed in Bessarabia, includ-
ing the- Jaeger battalions, which are the rem-
nants of dissolved Jaeger divisions, and in-
cluding two cavalry divisions of the Rouma-
nian army, will remain on a war footing until
the danger arising from the military opera-
tions now being carried on in the Ukraine by
the central powers cease to exist.
"All other Roumanian troops which did not
exist in peace time will at the end of their
term of active military service remain as in
peace time. Reservists shall not be called
up for training until a general peace has
been concluded.
"5. Guns, machine gruns. small arms, parks
of horses and cars, and ammunition which
are available owing to the reduction or the
dissolution of the Roumanian units shall be
given into the custody of the supreme com-
mand of the allied forces in Roumania until
the conclusion of a general peace.
"6. The demobilized Roumanian troops to
remain in Moldavia until the evacuation of
the occupied Roumanian regions. Excepted
from this provision are military bureaus and
men mentioned in article 5. who are required
for the supervision of the arms and material
laid down in these regions. The men and re-
serve officers who have been demobilized can
return to the occupied regions. Active and
formerly active officers require, in order to
return to these regions, permission of the
chief army command of the allied fprces.
"7. A general staff officer of the allied pow-
ers, with staff, will be attached to the Rou-
manian commander in chief in Moldavia and
a Roumanian staff officer, with staff, will be
attached as liaison officer to the chief com-
mand of the allied forces in the occupied
Roumanian districts.
"8. The Roumanian naval forces will be left
to their full complement and equipment, in
so far as their crews, in accordance with ar-
ticle 9, are not to be limited, until affairs
in Bessarabia are cleared, whereupon these
forces are to be brought to the usual peace
standard. Excepted herefrom are river forces
required for the purposes of river police and
naval forces on the Black sea.
"9. All men serving in the army and navy,
who in peace time were employed in connec-
476
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
tion with harbors or shipping1, shall, on de-
• mobilization, be the first to be dismissed in
order that they may find employment in their
former occupations.
"10. With regard to Dobrogea, which, ac-
cording to paragraph 1 of the peace pre-
liminaries, is to be ceded by Roumania, the
following- stipulations are laid down: (a)
Roumania cedes again to Bulgaria, with fron-
tier rectifications, Bulgarian territory that fell
to her by virtue of the peace treaty concluded
at Bukharest in 1913.
"A commission composed of representatives
of the allied powers shall shortly after the
signature of the treaty lay down and demar-
cate on the spot the new frontier line in Do-
brogea. The Danube frontier between the re-
gions ceded to Bulgaria and Roumania follows
the river valley. Directly after the signature
of the treaty further particulars shall be de-
cided upon regarding the definition of the
valley. Thus the demarcation shall take place
in autumn. 1918, at low water level.
"11. [After stating- that Roumania agrees
that her frontiers shall undergo rectification
in favor of Austria-Hungary as indicated on
the map, the article continues] :
"Two mixed commissions, to be composed
of equal numbers of representatives of the
powers concerned, are immediately after the
ratification of the peace treaty to fix a new
frontier line on the spot.
"12. Property in the ceded regions of Rou-
mania passes without indemnification to the
states which acquire these regipns."
Clause 4 deals with war indemnities of
•which article 13 declares that the con-
tracting1 parties mutually renounce indemnifi-
cation of their war costs, and special arrange-
ments are to be made for the settlement of
damages caused by the war. The fifth clause
relates to the evacuation of occupied terri-
tories, embodied in articles 14 to -24.
summed up as follows: The occupied
Roumanian territories shall be evacuated at
times to be later agreed upon. For the pres-
ent, railways, posts, and telegraphs will re-
main under military administration and will,
in accordance with proper agreements, be at
the disposal of the authorities and population.
As a general rule the Roumanian courts will
resume jurisdiction in the occupied territories
to their full extent.
"The allied powers will retain jurisdiction,
as well as the power of police supervision
over those belonging to the army of occupa-
tion.
"The army of occupation right to requisi-
tion is restricted to corn, peas, beans, fodder,
wool, cattle, and meat from the products of
1918 and, further, to timber, oil. and oil
products, always observing proper regard for
an orderly plan of procuring these commodi-
ties, as well as satisfying the home needs of
Roumania.
"From the ratification of the treaty on-
ward the army of occupation shall be main-
tained at the expense of Roumania."
Clause 6 covers regulations regarding" navi-
gation en the Danube.
"24. Roumania shall conclude a new Danube
navigation act witk Germany, Austria-Hun-
gary, Bulgaria and Turkey, regulating the leg-al
position on the Danube from the point where
it becomes navigable, with due regard for the
prescriptions subsequently set forth under
sections (a) to (d), and on condition that the
prescriptions under section (b) shall apply
equally for all parties to the Danube act.
Negotiations regarding the new Danube navi-
gation act shall begin at Munich as soon as
possible after the ratification of the treaty."
The sections follow:
"(a) Under the name Danube mouth com-
mission, the Europe Danube commission shall,
under conditions subsequently set forth, be
maintained as a permanent institution, em-
powered with the privileges and obligations
hitherto appertaining to it for the river from
Braila downward, inclusive of this port: the
conditions to provide, among other things,
that the commission shall henceforth only
comprise representatives of states situated on
the Danube or the European coasts of the
Black sea. The commission's authority ex-
tends from Braila downward to the whole
of the arms and mouths of the Danube and
adjoining parts of the Black sea.
"(b) Roumania guarantees to the ships of
the other contracting parties free navigation on
the Roumanian Danube, including the harbors.
Roumania shall levy no toll on ships or
rafts of the contracting parties and their car-
goes merely for the navigation of the river.
Neither shall Roumania in the future levy on
the river any tolls save those permitted by
the new Danube navigation act."
Articles 25 and 26 deal with the Dan-
ube questions and provide that Germany.
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey and Rou-
mania are entitled to maintain warships
on the Danube, which may navigate
downstream to the sea and upstream as far
as the upper frontier of ships' territory, but
are forbidden intercourse with the shore of.
another state, or to put in there except under
force majeure, or with the consent of the
state.
The powers represented on the Danube
mouth commission are entitled to maintain
two light warships each as guardships at the
mouth of the Danube.
Article 27 provides equal rights for all re-
ligious denominations, including Jews and
Moslems, in Roumania, including the right
to establish private schools.
Article 28 provides that diversity of
religions does not affect legal, political, or
civil rights of the inhabitants, -and, pending-
ratification of the treaty, a decree will be
proclaimed giving the full rights of Rouma-
nian subjects to all those, such as Jews, hav-
ing no nationality.
The remaining three articles provide that
economic relations shall be regulated by sepa-
rate treaties, coming into operation at the
same time as the peace treaty. The same ap-
plies to the exchange of prisoners.
[It may be added that the armistice terms
imposed by the allies on Germany, Nov. 11,
1918. provided for the cancellation of the
foregoing treaty as well as other treaties made
by Germany with the former allies of the en-
tente.]
THE CAELLAUX
Joseph Caillaux. French premier in 1911 and
on several different occasions minister of
finance, was arrested in Paris, Jan. 14, 1918,
on the charge of high treason. The basis of
the charge was that he had been in commu-
nication with German agents and was the
fountain source of the German propaganda in
France. As early as January. 1914, the edi-
tor of Le Figraro, Gaston Calmette. accused
M. Caillaux of making undue concessions to
Germany in the Agadir affair and also -of
financial irregularities in which German finan-
ciers figured. On March 16 of that year. Mme.
Caillaux went to the office of Le Figaro and
TREASON CASE.
shot nnd killed M. Calmette. For this she was
.tried and acquitted. M. Caillaux then went
into the pay department of the French army,
but was soon in trouble. In November, 1914
he sailed for South America and spent most
of the winter in Argentina. He returned to
Europe in 1915. In 1916, he was in Italy
with his wife and reports were then pub-
lished that he was active in German prop-
aganda there. The evidence of this came from
apparently reliable sources.
In 1917 he came back to France and again
became active in politics as a member of the
chamber of deputies. His name was frequent-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
477
ly mentioned in connection with the cases of
the editors of the Bonnet Rouge, of Bolo Pasha
and of others charged with being German
agents. M. Malvy. minister of the interior,
was accused of protecting instead of prosecut-
ing the men accused of working for a sepa-
rate peace with Germany. The Ribot and
Painleve cabinets fell largely because they did
not deal firmly enough with the plotters
against the country. Then Georges Clemen-
ccau became r-remier and at once there was a
change in the attitude of the government.
Searching investigations were made, resulting
in discoveries which led the chamber of dep-
uties to suspend the immunity of M. Cail-
laux and others from prosecution. This was
done Dec. 12. 1917. Evidence in the shape ol
notes and other documents found in a safety
deposit box in a bank in Florence, Italy, tend-
ed to show that Caillaux was planning to be-
come premier of France on the policy of ac-
cepting defeat by Germany and then carrying
out certain schemes of revenge against his
enemies. Among other thing's he aimed to do
was to make Gen. Sarrail his generalissimo.
It will be recalled in this connection that late
in 1917 Gen. Sarrail was recalled from his
post as commander in chief of the allied forces
in Macedonia.
Some of the strongest evidence against Cail-
laux was furnished by the American state de-
partment, which in its investigation of German
activity in Argentina came across the follow-
ing telegrams sent by Count Bernstorff to his
government on Feb. 4. 1915:
"No. 178. Buenos Aires telegraphs the fol-
lowing: No. 21, Caillaux has left Buenos Aires
after a short stay and is going direct to
France, evidently on account of the [group un-
decipherable] scandal, which he regards as a
personal attack upon himself. He speaks con-
temptuously of the president and the rest of
the French government, with the exception of
Briand. He sees through the policy of Eng«
land perfectly. He does not anticipate the
complete overthrow of France. He sees in the
war now a struggle for existence on the part
of England. Although he spoke much of the
'indiscretions and clumsy policy' of the Wil-
helmstrasse, and professed to believe in Ger-
man atrocities, he has in essentials hardly
changed his political orientation. Caillaux
welcomed indirect courtesies from me, but em-
phasized the extreme caution which he is
obliged to show, as the French government, he
said, has watched him even here. He warns
us against the excessive praise bestowed- upon
him by our papers, especially the Neue Freie
Presse, and desired, on the other hand, that
Mediterranean and Morocco agreement should
be adversely criticized. Our praise injures his
position in France. Caillaux's reception here
was cool. His report about Brazil had noth-
ing new. On his return to France he will, to
begin with, reside in his constituency. He
lears Paris and the late ^RNSTORFF."
"No. 202. Naval Attache to Admiralty Staff.
Habana telegraphs: Tol, Rio de Janeiro, tele-
graphs steamer Araguaya left Buenos Aires
Jan. 30. The captain is carrying important
papers. Capture very desirable. Caillaux is
on board. In case of capture. Caillaux should,
in an unobtrusive way, be treated with cour-
tesy and consideration. Can you inform OUT
cruisers? BERNSTORFF."
On June 6, 1917, the German censorship is-
sued the following notice to the German press:
"For political reasons it is urgently request-
ed that nothing be written about the former
French prime minister. Caillaux, and that his
name be not mentioned under any circum-
stances."
These notes were made public by the state
department Jan. 16, 1918. On that day in
Paris. France, Louis Loustalot. a member of
the chamber of deputies, was arrested in con-
nection with treason charges. Paul Comby,
another alleged plotter, was arrested the day
before.
BOLO PASHA TREASON CASE.
Paul Bolo Pasha, convicted of high treason
against the republic of France in time of
war, was executed at Vineennes by a firing
squad early on the morning of April 17,
1918. Just before the war began in 1914
Bolo was in the service of Abbas Hilmi, then
khediye of Egrypt. and for -his work was given '
the title of pasha. In 1915 Bolo met Hilmi
in Switzerland in company with the then
German foreign minister, Gottlieb von Jagow,
and an arrangement was made by which Bolo
was to receive 10,000,000 marks ($2,500,000)
to be paid in installments for the purpose of
influencing French newspapers in favor of
pea^e with Germany. Of this sum about
4.000,000, marks ($1,000,000) was paid
through Swiss banks.
In the summer of 1916 Bolo bought the
Paris Journal from Senator Humbert, paying
5.500,000 francs ($1,100,000) for the prop-
erty. This money was refunded to him after
proceedings had been instituted against him
on the charge of high treason. Senator Hum-
bert subsequently became involved in the
treason investigation and on Feb. 18 last was
arrested. In February. 1916, Bolo came to
America with $2.000.000 from the Deutsche
bank of Berlin, which he deposited in various
banks presumably for propaganda in this
country. His activities in the United States
were known to the government and communi-
cated to France through -Ambassador Jusse-
rand. On Sept. 29. 1917. Bolo Pasha, who
had been under suspicion for some time and
had been arrested, but allowed his liberty on
bail, was locked up to await trial for high
treason under a law against having "intelli-
gence with the enemy." The proceedings,
which were before a court-martial in Paris,
began Feb. 4. 1918. and resulted in his con-
viction and sentence to death Feb 14. His
execution was delayed some days to enable
him to make some additional revelations to
the government.
WORK OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS.
In its annual message ol Oct. 23. 1918, signed
by Henry P. Davison, chairman, the war coun-
cil of the American Red Cross said in part:
"Since the beginning of the war you ol the
chapters have co-operated with the war coun-
cil in conducting- two war fund drives and one
membership drive, in addition to the cam-
paign on behalf of the Junior Red Cross. The
total actual collections to date from the first
war fund have amounted to more than $115,-
000,000. The subscriptions to the second war
fund amounted to upward of $176,000,000.
From membership dues the collections have
amounted to approximately $24,500,000.
"To the foregoing- must be added the very
large contributions ol materials and time given
by the millions ol women throughout the
country. For the period up to July 1, 1918,
American Red Cross chapters, through their
workrooms, had produced 490,120 refugees'
garments, 7,123,621 hospital supplies, 10,-
786,489 hospital garments, 10,134,501 knit-
ted articles, 192,748,107 surgical dressings — a
total of 221,282,838 articles, of an estimated
aggregate value of at least $44,000,000.
These articles were largely the product ol
women's hands.
"By the terms under which the first Red
Cross war fund was raised, the chapters- were
entitled to retain 25 per cent of the amount
collected, in order to defray local expenses, to
carry on their home service work, to purchase
materials to be utilized in chapter produc-
tion, and otherwise to meet the numerous calls
made upon them. The chapters were thus
entitled to retain nearly $29,000.000. As a
matter of fact, their actual retentions amount-
ed to only about $22.000.000. Out of col-
lections from annual memberships the chap-
ters have retained about $11.000,000.
478
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
"From this total sum, therefore, ol $33,-
000,000 retained by the chapters, they have
met all the oftentimes very heavy local de-
mands upon them, and, in addition, have pro-
vided for use by national headquarters prod-
ucts valued at upward oi $44.000,000.
"The chapters have, in effect, returned to
the war council not alone the $33,000,000 re-
tained out of the war fund and membership
dues but, in value of actual product, an addi-
tional contribution of at least $11,000,000.
"It will thus be seen that during1 the eight-
een months which have elapsed since the
United States entered the war the American
people will have either paid in or pledged to
the American Red Cross for its work of relief
throughout the world, in money or in mate-
rial values, a net total of at least $3,25,-
000,000.
"The American Red Cross has a total mem-
bership of 20,648, 103, and, in addition.
8.000,000 members in the Junior Red Cross—
a total enrollment of more than one-fourth
the population of the United States.
RED CROSS WAR FUND.
The following1 table shows the appropriations
made by the Red Cross War council from
its appointment May 24, 1917. to Feb. 28,
From War Fund.
Belief work-France ............. t8j!'8ISKSi 'on
2,08O.loJ..UU
,..
3 588,826.00
...... 1,243,845.07
Tlmimania ....... 2.676.368.76
Serbia ......... " 875.180.76
r^at Britain ..... 1.885,750.75
la-real x>niid,iii ....... * • ......... -o - rra arm nn
Other foreign countries
For prisoners, etc. ivjaoooo
Personnel equipment
Total foreign relief 47.325.609.38
54,000.00
32.000.00
Navy base hospitals .....
Medical and hospital work. . .
Sanitary service ..............
Camp service ............... , ,.
Miscellaneous .............. 1,118,748.41
Total U. S. relief ..... ....... 8,589.899.27
Restricted as to use by donor. 2,520.009.57
Capital for purchase of supplies 15,000,000.00
4,286,000.00
Total Irom war fund 77,721,918.22
From General Fund.
Headquarters administration .. 2,472,713.93
Divisional administration l,943,»9b.99
Total from general fund 4,416,610.92
From miscellaneous funds 155,000.00
Total appropriations 82,293,529.14
Details o} Special Appropriations.
It was announced by the war council of the
American Red Cross in March, 1918, that it
had appropriated $1,193,125 as an additional
contribution to the British Red Cross. The
first contribution was made in October, 1917,
and was $1,000,000. Both of the sums were
to be used for the relief of sick and wounded
in hospitals, clearing stations, and on lines of
communication within spheres of activity of
the British Red Cross.
On April 3 the American Red Cross an-
nounced that it had divided among the de-
partment of France 5.000.000 francs (about
$1,000.000) to aid soldiers' families suffering
most grievously in the war. The allotments
were made in sums ol 100 francs ($20) to
each family.
In recognition ol the part playedlby Canada
in the war for human liberty ilfe American
Red Cross on April 5 appropriated $500,000 as
a gift to the Canadian Red Cross. The grift
was made without restrictions but with the
expressed hope that it would be found pos-
sible to use the contribution for the relief
of the Canadian soldiers at the front.
On May 1 the American Red Cross presented
10,000,000 francs ($2,000,000) to a commit-
tee directing the three great French societies
for caring for the wounded — the French Red
Cross. Les Femmes de France and Les Dames
Francaises.
On behalf of the American Red Cross Maj.
Robert Perkins, on June 24, presented 1,000,-
000 lire ($200,000) to the Italian Red Cross
for the benefit of needy families of Italian
soldiers who took part in defeating the Aus-
trian offensive in June, 1918.
PALESTINE RELIEF WORK.
Early in the spring of 1918 the American
Red Cross made comprehensive plans for the
relief of the people of the Holy Land who
were released from the Moslem yoke through
the capture by the British forces of Jerusalem.
It sent to Palestine a commission headed by
Dr. John H. Finley, commissioner of educa-
tion for the state of New York, and fifty-seven
others, including E. St. John Ward, Dr. Solo-
mon Lowenstein and Theodore Waters, deputy
commissioners, and Dr. Jesse K. Marsden,
Charles E. Clark, William S. Dodd and Harry
C. Hurd, chief surgeons. The war council ap-
propriated $390,00.0 as a beginning. The com-
mission established lour medical units to com-
bat typhus, cholera and other diseases, with a
fully equipped hospital, and distributed lood
and clothing in the devastated districts. The
commission co-operated with the British Syr-
ia and Palestine relief fund and the Amer-
ican Armenian and Syrian relief committee.
STATUS OF RED CROSS IN ARMY.
The following general statement outlining
certain activities of the American Red Cross
was approved by the secretary of war and
published Feb. 20, 1918:
1. To distribute sweaters, mufflers, helmets,
socks, comfort kits, etc., and to receive the as-
sistance and co-operation of all officers in
making the distribution fair, equal and where
most needed.
2. To render emergency relief ol every kind
upon the request or suggestion of an officer
In charge. All officers are instructed to avail
themselves ol this assistance whenever, in
their opinion, it is advisable. Officers should
be none the less diligent in attempting to
foresee the needs of their department in order
that they may be supplied through regular
government channels. All such requests must
be approved by the commanding officer, who
will cause a record to be kept of all such ar-
ticles.
3. To relieve the anxiety and to sustain the
morale of soldiers who are worried about
their families at hpme and to promote the
comfort and well-being of these families, au-
thority Is given to the American Red Cross to
place one or more representatives of the home
service bureau of the department of civilian
relief at the service of the men of each di-
vision ol the army wherever located. The
soldiers should be informed through official
orders of the presence of such representative
or representatives and that the Red Cross is
able and willing to serve both soldiers and
their families when in need of any helpful
service. This representative and his assistants
will be accredited to the division commander and
will be subject to his 'authority and to mili-
tary laws and regulations. This representa-
tive of the Red Cross will have the status ol
an officer in the army and will be provided
quarters when available. Such assistants and
clerks as may be necessary will be provided
by the American Red Cross and must be males.
These assistants and clerks, if any. will have
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
479
the status 01 noncommissioned officers. All
reports and correspondence of this officer will
be subject to censorship oi the commanding
officer.
4. To conduct canteen service stations for
furnishing- refreshments to soldiers when
traveling- through the country, to furnish
emergency relief to the sick and wounded when
en route and see that they are conveyed to
a hospital when necessary and requested by
the commanding officer. All commanders of
troop trains are advised of this emergency
service and are authorized to avail themselves
of it whenever, in their opinion, advisable.
5. A representative of the American Red
Cross may be attached to each base hospital
to furnish emergency supplies when called
upon, to communicate with the families of
patients, to render home service to patients
and such other assistance as pertains to Red
Cross work. The representative of the Red
Cross so assigned, together with his assist-
ants, will be accredited to the commanding of-
ficer of the base hospital and will be subject
to the same regulations as to status, priv-
ileges, assistants, and censorship as provided
in preceding paragraph applying to the repre-
sentatives of the Red Cross assigned to divi-
sions.
6. In order to render the above outlined
service to the best advantage the accredited
chief officer representing the American Red
Cross at division headquarters will be a field
director.
7. Officials of the Red Cross assigned on
duty with the military establishment, as out-
lined above, will be required to wear the reg-
ulation uniform of the American Red Cross,
together with the insignia, etc., as approved
by the secretary of war.
8. The commanding generals of all canton-
ments and national guard encampments and
the commanding officers of all other encamp-
ments or organizations to which Red Cross
representatives may be assigned in accord-
ance with this order are authorized to furnish
to the American Red Cross anything that they
may request within reason, such as ware-
houses, offices, light, heat, telephones, etc.,
in order to enable them to properly carry on
the work for which they are assigned.
Y. M. C. A. WAR EXPENDITURES.
The national war council of the Young Men's
Christian association issued a financial state-
ment Nov. 13, 191.S, covering its operations
from the beginning- of the war to July 31,
1918. The statement given out by George
W. Perkins, chairman of the finance commit-
tee, showed that the association had handled
during the period $54,354,034.04, of which
more than $400,000 represents interest earned
on the contributions given to it.
On July 31 the Y. M. C. A. had still on hand
a balance in excess of $17,000,000. In the
intervening period the demands of the work
overseas had grown by leaps and bounds
because of the vastly accelerated movement of
troops, so that the balance on hand at
that date had been entirely spent and had
been succeeded by a deficit. In this inter-
vening' period Y. M. C. A. man and woman
workers were sent abroad at the rate of very
nearly 1,000 a month, and the number of
buildings, restaurants, hotels, huts, tents, etc.,
operated for the American Expeditionary
Forces in .France increased from 895 to 1,500.
(See also "Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion," page 190, this volume.)
ALLIED WAR COUNCILS.
To secure unity of action in the war the
allies in the fall of 1917 held a conference in
Paris at which the following bodies were given
authority to represent and act for the countries
fighting the Germanic alliance:
SUPREME WAR COUNCIL.
The supreme war council consists of the pre-
miers and one other cabinet minister from the
principal belligerents, assisted by the military
representatives of France, Britain, the United
States and Italy. Its meeting place was fixed
at Versailles. France.
NAVAL ALLIED COUNCIL.
The naval allied council consists of repre-
sentatives of France, Great Britain, Italy. Ja-
pan and the United States, including the minis-
ters of marine and chiefs of the naval staffs;
has no fixed place of meeting.
COUNCIL FOR WAR PURCHASES AND
FINANCE.
France. Great Britain, the United States and
Italy are represented on the council for war
purchases and finance, the name of which ex-
plains its purpose: meets alternately in Paris
and London.
MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL.
The maritime transport council consists of
two ministers each from France. Great Britain
and Italy and a representative from the United
States. It supervises the operations of the
allied transport at sea.
The personnel of the supreme war council
was not the same at all the meetings, changes
being made from time to time, especially in
the military representatives. Early in 1918 the
council consisted of the following:
For Great Britain — Premier Lloyd George and
Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Hughes Wilson.
For France — Premier Clemenceau. Foreign Min-
ister Pichon. Gen. Ferdinand Foch and Gen.
Maximo Weygand.
For Italy — Premier Orlando, Baron Sonnino,
minister of foreign affairs, and Gen. Cadorna.
For the United States— Gen. Tasker H. Bliss,
with Arthur H. Frazier of the Paris embassy
in an unofficial capacity.
Later Gen Weygand was succeeded by Gen.
Belin, Gen. Cadorna by Gaetano Giardino and
Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Hughes Wilson by Gen.
Sackville-West. What was called the "inter-
allied war committee." consisting of military
advisers to the council, was finally constituted
as follows:
President— Gen. Belin. France.
Members — Gen. Sackville-West for Great Brit-
ain; Gen. Dibrolant for Italy and Gon. Tasker
H. Bliss for the United States.
At an important meeting of the council held
in May those present included David Lloyd
George, Premier Orlando, Viscount Milner, Gen.
Foch. Gen. Sackville-West, Gen. Bliss. Gen Be-
lin, Maj.-Gen. Henry H. Wilson, Field Marshal
Haier. Gen. Pershing. Gen. Petain. Vice-Admiral
Wemyss and Vice-Admiral de Bon. This was
substantially the personnel for the remainder
of the year until the meetings were held at
which armistice terms were fixed for Austria-
Hungary and Germany.
BRITISH WAR COUNCILS.
The War Cabinet.
David Lloyd George, prime minister and first
lord of the treasury.
Earl Curzon, lord president of the council.
A. Bonar Law. chancellor of the exchequer.
Austen Chamberlain, without portfolio.
G. N. Barnes, without portfolio.
Lieut.-Gen. J. C. Smuts, without portfolio:
member of war cabinet by special arrange-
ment.
Imperial War Cabinet.
Lloyd George, Curzon. Law. Chamberlain and
Barnes and the following representing1 the
British colonies:
Sir Robert L. Borden. prime minister of Can-
ada.
N. Rowell. president of the privy council, Can«
ada.
480
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
W_ M. Hug-ties, prime minister oi Australia.
JLCook. minister of the navy. Australia.
Tt P. Massey. prime minister of New Zealand.
Si* Joseph Ward, minister of finance. New Zea-
land.
laeut.-Gen. J. C. Smuts, minister for defense.
Union of South Africa.
H. Burton, minister of railways and harbors.
Union of South Africa.
W. F. I»loyd. prime minister of Newfoundland.
Sir S. P. Sinha, member executive council,
Bengal.
Sir Bhupindar Singh, maharajah of Patiala.
Imperial War Conference.
Walter lions', secretary oi state for the colo-
nies, chairman.
Sir Robert L. Borden. prime minister of Can-
^fla.
A« Meighen. minister of the interipr. Canada.
J..A. Calder. minister of immigration and colo-
nization, Canada.
N. 'Bowell. president of privy council, Canada.
W. M. Hughes, prime minister of Australia.
Joseph Cook, minister of the navy, Australia.
W. F. Massey. prime minister of New Zealand.
Joseph Ward, minister of finance. New Zealand
Lieut. -Gen. J. C. Smuts, minister for defense
Union of South Africa.
H. Burton, minister of railways and harbors
Union of South Africa.
W. F. Lloyd, prime minister of Newfoundland.
E. S. Montagu, secretary of state for India
Sir Bhupindar Singh, maharajah of Patiala
Sir S. P. Sinha. member of executive coun-
cil. Bengal.
In the foregoing executive and consultative
bodies was centered the supreme military au-
thority of Britain and her colonies in 1918 in
conducting- the war against the central empires
and their allies. By means of these organiza
tions it was possible to co-ordinate and unify
all the resources and to make and carry out
decisions having- the approval and support of
all parts of the empire.
WAR COUNCIL RESULTS.
The following- official statement was issued
in London Feb. 3. 1918:
"Meetings of the third session of the su-
preme war council were held at Versailles.
France. Jan. 30 and 31. Feb. 1 and 2.
''in. addition to the members of the supreme
war. council itself, namely, MM. Clemenceau
an.d Pichon for France, Mr. Lloyd George and
Lord Milner for Great Britain, Prof. Orlando
aru} Baron Sonnino for Italy, and the military
representatives of the supreme war council,
Gens. Weygand, Wilson. Cadorna and Bliss,
ttere were also present for the greater part of
tlffi purely military discussions the French and
Bmish chiefs of general staff. Gens. Foch
and, Robertson, the Italian minister of war.
Gen. Alfieri, and the commanders in chief on
tne western front, Petain, Hair and Pershing.
'?&.. H. Frazier, first secretary of the United
Stotes embassy at Paris, was present during
the political discussions-
%Tie decisions taken by the supreme war
council in pursuance of this contingent em-
brace not only a greneral military policy to
be carried out by the allies in all the prin-
cipal theaters of the war. but more particu-
larly a closer and more effective co-ordination
under the council of all the efforts of the
powers engaged in the struggle against the
central empires.
"The functions of the council itself were
enlarged and the principles of unity of policy
and, action initiated at Rapallo in November
last received still further concrete and practi-
cal development. On all these questions a com-
plete agreement was arrived at after the full-
est discussion with regard to both the policy
to be pursued and to the measures for its
execution.
"Tinder the circumstances the supreme war
council decided that the only immediate task
before them lay in the prosecution of the war
with the utmost vigor and the closest and most
effective co-operation of the military effort of
the allies until such time as the pressure of
that effort shall have brought about in the
enemy governments and peoples a change of
temper which would justify the hope of the
conclusion of peace on terms which would
not involve the abandonment, in the face of
an aggressive and unrepentant militarism, of
all the principles of freedom, justice and re-
spect for the law of nations which the allies
are resolved to vindicate.
*^The supreme war council gave the most
careful consideration to the recent utterances
of. the German chancellor and the Austro-
Hungarian minister of foreign affairs, but was
finable to find in them any real approximation
to the moderate conditions laid down by all
the allied governments. This conviction was
only deepened by the impression made by the
contrast between the professed idealistic aims
with which the central powers entered upon
the present negotiations at Brest-Litovsk and
their now openly disclosed plans of conquest
and spoliation.
"The allies are united in heart and will
not by any hidden designs, but by their open
resolve to defend civilization against an un-
scrupulous and brutal attempt at domination.
"This unanimity is confirmed by a una-
nimity no less complete, both as regards the
military policy to be pursued and as regards
measures needed for its execution which will
enable them to meet the violence of the en-
emy's onset with firm and quiet confidence,
with the utmost energy and with the knowl-
edge that neither their strength nor their
steadfastness can be shaken.
"The splendid soldiers of our free democ-
racies have won their place in history by their
immeasurable valor, and their magnificent
heroism and the no less noble endurance with
which our civilian populations are bearing-
their daily burden of trial and suffering- tes-
tify to the strength of those principles of
freedom which will crown the military suc-
cess of the allies with the glory of a great
moral triumph."
Defended by Lloyd George.
'The enlargement of the duties and powers
of the Versailles council caused some criti-
cism in England, especially as the jurisdiction
of the British chief of staff. Gen. Sir William
Robertson, was curtailed as a result. Pre-
mier Lloyd George on Feb. 12 in the house of
commons defended the action taken at the
conference, but declined to make the details
public -on the ground that it would divulge
facts useful to the enemy. In another
speech delivered in the house of commons
Feb. 19 Lloyd George said that the gen-
eral principles laid down at Versailles had
been wholeheartedly agreed to by all pres-
ent. "There was." he said, "agreement as to
policy; there was agreement that there must
be a central authority to exercise the su-
preme direction of that policy: there was
agreement that authority must be allied au-
thority, and there was complete agreement
that the authority should have executive
power."
"I hesitated for some time." said the premier
a little later in his speech, "whether I
should not read to the house of commons
the very cogent document submitted by the
American delegation, which put the case for
the present proposal. It is one of the ablest
documents ever submitted to a military con-
ference. The only reason why I do not read
it to the house is that it is mixed up with
the plan of operations. If I should read the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
481
document submitted by the Americans there
would be no need to make a speech. The case
is presented with irresistible power and logic."
Lloyd Georg-e explained that Gen. Sir Wil-
liam Robertson, who had resigned as chief
of staff on Feb. 16, had been offered the posi-
tion of British representative at Versailles or
the post he had held under the limitations
fixed by the war council, but he had declined
to accept either. The g-overnment, said Lloyd
Georg-e, had been anxious to retain the serv-
ices of so distinguished a soldier, but it had
been found impossible under the terms of the
agreement reached at Versailles.
It had been feared that the controversy over
the Versailles conference decision would lead
to a cabinet crisis, but the house of commons
was satisfied with the explanation made by
the prime minister and no further action was
taken.
AMERICA IN FULL CO-OPERATION WITH ALLIES.
The following- summary of results accom-
plished by the special war mission led by
Col. E. M. House, which visited Great Britain
and France jn November, 1917, was made
public by the state department Jan. 2. 1918.
NAVAL.
"1. The formation of an interallied naval
council to co-ordinate the operation of the
naval forces of the United States and its
associates in the war so that these forces may
in the future be operated as one in the prose-
cution of the war on the sea and in conjunc-
tion with the land forces.
"2. An agreement between the British ad-
miralty and the navy department putting- into
effect certain plans relating to the prosecu-
tion of the naval 'war against the submarines.
"3. The formation of a definite plan for
the more active utilization of American naval
forces in conjunction with those of nations
engaged in the war against the central pow-
ers.
"4. Agreement with the British admiralty
making- it possible for American naval of-
ficers to keep fully informed of the opera-
tions and policy of the British admiralty,
so that perfect co-operation between the navy
department and that body is assured.
"5. Reorganization of American naval forces
at French ports.
"6. The securing of a full and detailed pic-
ture of the naval problem in European waters.
MILITARY.
"1. After conferences extending over ap-
proximately thirty days with the chiefs of
staff, members of the general staffs, and com-
manders in chief of the allied armies on the
western front, as well as with the highest
civil officials of the respective governments,
the extent of the military effort to be aimed
at by the United States was clearly deter-
mined.
"2. With this determination in mind, nego-
tiations were carried on looking- to the pool-
ing of resources for the mutual advantage of
all the countries engaged in the war against
Germany. The contribution of the United
States to this popling- arrangement was agreed
upon. The contributions likewise of the coun-
tries associated with the United States were
determined. This pooling arrangement guar-
anteed that full equipment of every kind
would be available to all American troops sent
to Europe during the year 1918.
"3. Unqualified support to the resolution
adopted by the interallied conference look-
ing to the creation of an allied advisory board
charged with the duty of advising the ship-
ping authorities of each nation concerning
the allocation of tonnage, so as to permit
the American military effort to be realized.
"4. Full survey made of problem of de-
barkation in Europe of American military
forces and transportation of such forces and
supplies to the bases of military operation.
"5. Arrangements made for the fullest co-
operation between the United States, Great
Britain and France in the production of mili-
tary instruments and supplies of all kinds.
"6. Plans made for the proper organization
under naval and military control of ports of
debarkation of troops and discharge of car-
goes, looking to the most economical utiliza-
tion of tonnage,.
"7. Participation in military deliberations
of supreme war council as a step teward ef-
ficient and centralized unity of control of mill*
tary operations.
DIPLOMATIC.
"1. Full and frank discussion between Col.
House, as special representative of the gov-
ernment of the United States, and the heads
of the British, French and Italian governments
with regard to the war policy of the United
States and her associates in the war.
"2. Participation by the members of the
mission in a meeting of the British war cab-
inet, at which conference a general and use-
ful discussion was had concerning the needs
of the allies and the extent of the assist-
ance to be expected from the United States.
"3. Participation by the United States in an
interallied war conference held in Paris on
Nov. 29. At this conference all preliminary
speeches were dispensed with, and within half
an hour after the conference had been called
to order by M. Clemenceau it had split into
committees for work.
"4. Participation by the United States in a
meeting of the supreme war council held at
Versailles Dee. 1. Representatives of England,
France, Italy and the United States there met
as a first step toward securing- unity of con-
trol of the armies on the western front. This
meeting, the first of its kind, assures for the
future unity of support on the part of the
United States and the allies.
"5. Fi^st steps taken in the establishment
of a more perfect liaison between the com-
manding generals of the United States and the
allies.
FINANCE.
"1. Full detailed conferences with the finan-
cial representatives of Great Britain, France.
Italy, Japan, Greece, Roumania and Russia
for the purpose of ascertaining the extent of
the financial effort necessary on the part of
the United States in order properly to co-
operate with these governments in making
financial arrangements for the prosecution of
the war agrainst the central powers.
"2. Conferences with the representatives of
the above mentioned countries for the pur-
pose of perfecting- the organization of an
interallied council which is a priority board,
whose duty it should be to consider the rela-
tive importance and urgency of the financial
demands to be made by the concerted effort of
the countries waging war against the central
powers.
"3. Arrangements begun for the proper
financing of purchases by the countries at
war with Germany of supplies from neutral
countries.'
"4. Participation in the financial discussions
of the interallied conference.
SHIPPING.
"1. Full and detailed reports were secured
showing- total loss of tonnage due to war risks
and marine risks from Aug. 1, 1914, to Sept.
30, 1917.
"2. The estimated output «of new tonnage
by the allies during the year 1918 was ascer-
tained.
"3. The proper employment of existing ton-
nage, so that the maximum utilization of
such tonnage could be effected, was provided
for in a resolution adopted by the interallied
conference :
" 'The allies, considering that the means of
maritime transport at their disposal, as well
as the provisions which they dispose of.
482
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
should be utilized in common for the pursuit
of the war, have decided to create an inter-
allied organization for the purpose of co-
ordinating: their action to this effect and of
establishing1 a common program, constantly
kept up to date, enabling them, by the maxi-
mum utilization of their resources, to restrict
their importations with a view of liberating
the greatest amount of tonnage possible for
the transportation of American troops.'
"4. The whole question of the employment
of neutral tonnage in line with the proposals
made by neutral countries with respect to
this tonnage was exhaustively discussed and
plans looking to the favorable result of ton-
nage negotiations with neutral countries were
substantially agreed upon.
"5. A survey was completed of the ports
of debarkation of American troops and sup-
plies, and plans were made looking to the
more expeditious discharge of troops and car-
goes, eo as to permit the return of vessels
to their home ports with the least possible
WAR INDUSTRIES.
"1. A detailed study waa made of the or-
ganization of the British ministry of muni-
tions and the supply departments of the Brit-
ish admiralty and the British war office, and
a complete analysis of the facts and figures
in possession of these departments of the Brit-
ish government was made. The report em-
bodying the results of the investigations con-
tains a full statement of the methods in vogue
in England for supplying the army and navy
with munitions and other materials, and also
statistics relating to the mutual co-operatiron
necessary to be effected for the proper sup-
plying of the armed forces of the countries
waging war on the central powers.
"2. A survey was made of the system in
practice in Great Britain relating to the let-
ting of government contracts and the organiza-
tion of industries throughout Great Britain.
"3. Attendance at the interallied conference
in Paris and in particular at the meetings of
the representatives of the several allied, na-
tions having to do with munitions questions.
"4. Full conferences with representatives of
the United States ordnance department in
France and representatives of British and
French munitions departments stationed there,
resulting in the embodying of conclusions in
memoranda submitted to the war department.
WAR TRADE.
"1. Full and detailed conferences were held
with the British, French and Italian repre-
sentatives upon blockade matters and a com-
plete understanding was obtained of the prin-
ciples under which these countries were
proceeding.
"2. A mass of information was obtained
with reference to rationing requirements of
Switzerland. Norway. Sweden. Denmark and
Holland.
"3. An agreement between the war trade
board and the Swiss society surveillance waa
agreed to and executed by the Swiss delegates
and Mr. McCormick, the chairman of the war
trade board.
"4. Arrangements were made for the par-
ticipation of the United States in the delibera-
tions of the permanent international commis-
sion on contingents sitting in Paris and on
the interallied commission of Bern, Switzer-
land.
"5. Tentative plans subject to the approval
of the war board were made for the appoint-
ment of representatives and staffs of tne war
trade board in London and Paris.
FOOD.
"1. A comprehensive and accurate estimate
was obtained of the food in the possession
of the allied nations and of the amounts that
must be supplied by North America during the
year ending Oct. 1, 1918. Cabled information
had not been of a satisfactory nature and
personal contact with the statistical boards
and food administrations of the countries con-
cerned was necessary in order that the neces-
sary data could be made available.
"2. The curve of shipments of foodstuffs re-
quired from North America for the United
Kingdom, France and Italy was fixed for the
year ending 1918. It is believed that the pro-
gram worked out in the conference with the
several interallied executives dealing with sup-
plies of foodstuffs will grant greater facilities
for the distribution of foodstuffs at a lower
cost in terms of tonnage and transportation.
"3. In order to permit the United States to
visualize the problem of food control in North
America plans were worked out whereby the
governments of Great Britain, France and
Italy agreed to put into effect a legalized and
compulsory control of foodstuffs in these
countries.
"4. The creation by the interallied confer-
ence in Paris of an international scientific
committee on alimentation to consist of two
representatives each of the United States.
Great Britain, France and Italy. This com-
mittee to be in continuous session in Europe
for the purpose of studying the alimentation
of the allies. This committee to stand in an
advisory capacity to the food administrations
of the aforenamed countries.
"5. Dr. Taylor, the representative of the
food administration on the mission, represent-
ed the United States department of agriculture
in a conference held in Paris to consider the
problems of food production in the allied
countries during the year 1918. At this con-
ference an interallied agricultural committee
was established to consist of one delegate
each from the United States, Great Britain,
France and Italy to sit continuously in Eu-
rope and to act in an advisory capacity to the
governments named."
• CONGRATULATIONS EXCHANGED.
On June 13. 1918. the first anniversary of
the arrival of Gen. Pershing in France, Presi-
dent Poincare sent messages of congratu-
lation to President Wilson and to Gen. Per-
shing. Premier Clemenceau, Gen. Foch and
Gen. Petain also sent messages of appreciation
to the leader of the American expeditionary
forces in France. In his message to President
Wilson the French executive, after expressing
his admiration for the work of the American
army in France, said:
"The allies, owing to the Russian capitula-
tion, are living through the most difficult
hours of the war. but the rapid formation .of
new American units and the uninterrupted in-
crease in overseas transportation are leading
us with certainty toward the day when the
equilibrium will be restored."
Wilson to Poincare.
To this President Wilson sent the following
reply June 14:
PERSHING ANNIVERSARY MESSAGES.
Your telegram of yesterday was certainly
conceived in the highest and most generous
spirit of friendship, and I am sure that I
am expressing the feeling of the people of the
United States as well as my own when I say
that it is with increasing- pride and gratifica-
tion that they have seen their forces under
Gen. Pershing more and more actively co-
operating- with the forces of liberation on
French soil.
"It is their fixed and unalterable purpose to
send men and materials in steady and increas-
ing volume until any temporary inequality of
force is entirely overcome and the forces of
freedom are made overwhelming-, for they are
convinced that it is only by victory that
peace can be achieved and the world's affairs
settled upon a basis of enduring- justice and
right.
"It is a constant satisfaction to them to
know that in this great enterprise they are
in close and intimate co-operation with the
people of France."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
483
Poincare to Pershing,
In his message to Gen. Pershing President
**oincare said :
"The anniversary of your arrival in France
furnishes a happy occasion to address my
•warmest congratulations to you and the
valiant troops which you command and who
have so admirably conducted themselves in
the recent battles. I beg1 you to receive the
assurance of my best wishes for the continu-
ation of their success."
Clemenceau to Pershing.
"On the anniversary of your arrival in
France to take command of the American
troops I wish, my dear general, to express to
you once more the greatest admiration for the
powerful aid brought by your army to the
cause of the allies. With ever increasing num-
bers the American troops coyer themselves
with glory under your orders in barring the
route of the invader. The day is coming
when, thanks to the superb effort of your
country and the valor of its persons, the
enemy, losing the initiative of operations, will
be forced to incline before the triumph, of our
ideal of justice and civilization."
Foch to Pershing.
"A year ago brought to us the American
sword. To-day we have seen it strike. It is
the certain pledge of victory. By it our
hearts are more closely united than ever."
Petain to Pershing.
"My Dear General: Your coming to French
soil a year ago filled our country with en-
thusiasm and hope. Accept to-day the grate-
ful homage of our soldiers for the daily in-
creasing aid on, the battle field brought by
their American brothers in arms. The last
battles, where the magnificent qualities of
courage and military virtue of your troops
were demonstrated in so brilliant a manner,
are a sure guaranty of the future. The day
is not far off when the great American army
will play the decisive role to which history
calls this army on the battle fields of Europe.
Permit me, my dear general, to express to you
on this anniversary day my entire confidence
and assure you of my feelings of affectionate
comradeship."
Pershing's Reply to Poincare.
"Allow me, sir, to thank you for the kind
message you sent me on the occasion of the
anniversary. The enthusiastic reception which
Paris gave us a year ago has been extended
since then to the American army by all your
people. To-day our armies are united in affec-
tion and resolution, full of confidence for the
final success which will crown this long strug-
gle for liberty and civilization."
On Nov. 21, 1918, the state department in
Washington made public the following- ex-
changes of telegrams:
With France.
Nov. 12. 1918.— M. Stephen Pichon, Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs, Paris: At this supreme
moment in the history of your nation, when a
complete victory has been won over the most
formidable of enemies, I desire to extend to
you personally and on behalf of my govern-
ment the most heartfelt congratulations of the
American people and a sincere expression of
the joy and admiration with which they are
inspired by the valor of your armies and the
steadfastness of your people. LANSING.
Paris, Nov. 13. 1918.— Mr. Robert Lansing,
Secretary of State, Washington: I am deeply
touched with your telegram. The share of
America in the victory you are celebrating- is
so great that never will any Frenchman for-
get it. In the run of history, the ancient al-
liance of our two countries was once more
sealed by brotherhood in arms. The Ameri-
cans and French are united in these days of
rejoicing as they were in the days of fighting.
I beg you to convey to the federal govern-
ment the thanks of France and of the gov-
ernment of the republic and to accept for
yourself who always evinced so much sym-
pathy with my country my sentiments of cor-
dial friendship. S. PICHON.
With Great Britain.
Nov. 12, 1918.— Right Honorable Arthur J.
Balfour, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
London: At the moment when innumerable
difficulties have been surmounted and final and
complete victory has been achieved, I desire
to express to you the deep joy felt by the
government and people of this country and
their admiration for the steadfastness, energy
and valor of the British nation throughout
this momentous struggle.
ROBERT LANSING,
Secretary of State.
London, Nov. 13, 1918.— Secretary of State,
Washing-ton: Your generous message has
given the utmost satisfaction to his majesty's
government, arid it will be read with pro-
found appreciation throughout the British em-
pire. We are proud to think that in the
INTERNATIONAL CONGRATULATIONS.
cause of international freedom we, like our
allies, have worked and suffered, fought ana
conquered side by side with the people of your
great country. May this unity of ideals bind
us ever closer together through all the gen-
erations to whom the great war will be no
more than an ancient and glorious memory.
BALF0UR.
The White
With Italy.
House, Nov.
11, 1918.— His
Majesty, Vittorio Emmanuele, King of Italy,
Rome: In the name of the people of the
United States and in my own I extend hearty
congratulations on this your majesty's natal
day, which happily is also a golden day for
the world's peace and security, marking as it
does the crowning point of the successful
struggle of civilization against savagery. Well
may the Italian people rejoice in the removal
of danger and menace for the future and wel-
come the complete victory to which their
valor and fidelity have so gloriously contrib-
uted. Such victories as this win their own
just rewards in that they bring home to the
victors a realizing sense of their responsibility
to see to it that their sacrifices in the cause
of the right shall assure for all time a new
era of liberty, justice and prosperity for the
peoples of the earth. WOODROW WILSON.
Rome, Quirinal, Nov. 16, 1918.— President
Wilson, Washington, D. C.: I sincerely thank
you for the cordial expression you were pleased
to send me in the name of the American peo-
ple, also on the occasion of my birthday. I
fully appreciate the noble word with which
you kindly greeted our victory. Italy, having
worshiped right in the world and revived na-
tional unity in the name of the principles of
freedom, will adhere to those ideals for which
it carried on the bitter struggle now ended by
well deserved triumph
Rome, Nov. 16, 1918.— His Excellency, the
President, Woodrow Wilson, Washington. D. C. :
With a joyful heart I salute the . strong peo-
ple of the United States of America in this
era which marks for the liberated democracies
the triumph of the ideals for which the great
American nation under your will and firm,
484
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
guidance, Mr. President, took up arms on the
sido of the peoples fighting- for their independ-
ence and a more civilized future for all man-
kind. In the name of the people and sol-
diers of Italy I express to you and your no-
ble nation the sentiments of earnest admira-
tion and the fervent wish that the memory
of the battles fought together may enhance
the ties of lasting- friendship between our peo-
VITTORIO EMMANUELE.
Nov. 20. 1918.— His Majesty Victor Emman-
uel, King- of Italy. Rome. Italy: Your majesty's
message of congratulation has given the deep-
est pleasure. I think that it is a cause for
particular pride on the part of the people of
the United States that they should have been
able at the right time to assist in the great
struggle in which Italy has so distinguished
herself, and I am sure that I speak their
heart in thanking your majesty with sincerest
warmth for your message and in sending in
return the heartfelt salutations of our own
people. WOODROW WILSON.
With Japan.
Tokyo, Nov. 13, 1918.— The President of
the United States, Washington: At this junc-
ture when the definite signature of an armi-
stice has set the seal of success on the efforts
of the allied arms I cannot forbear tele-
graphing to you the delight with which I
share the satisfaction you must experience at
this splendid vindication of the unconquerable
persistence displayed by the allies in working
together for the attainment of their great end.
I would add a special note of admiration
shared by all my people for the gallant alac-
rity and whole hearted efficiency with which
the American people entered the arena and
thereby so decisively contributed to the mag-
nificent triumph. YOSHIHITO.
The White House. Nor. 15, 1918.— His Im-
perial Majesty Ypshihito, Emperor of Japan.
Tokyo: Your majesty's message has given us
the sincerest pleasure, and I wish in reply to
express to you the satisfaction which the peo-
ple of the United States have felt in being- as-»
sociated with the gallant people of Japan in
fighting for the cause of practical justice and
genuine liberation of the world from the in-
fluence of selfish national policy.
WOODROW WILSON.
Tokyo. — Honorable Robert Lansing, Secretary
of State, Washington.: Accept my heartiest
. and warmest congratulat^ns on the triumphant
conclusion of an armistice which, we trust,
will lead to a peace glorious for the forces of
human civilization and fraught with happi-
ness to the world. Such a fruition of the
prolonged struggle will not have been too
dearly purchased by all the precious lives of
whose suffering and sacrifice we think with
one universal pride to-day. UCHIDA.
Nov. 15, 1918. — His Excellency Viscount
Uchida, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tokyo,
Japan: I appreciate highly your telegram of
congratulation on the triumph of the united
strength of human civilization over the bane-
ful forces which aimed to rule the world for
themselves alone.
The difficulties which beset us have been
overcome. The enemy has been vanquished,
and unified as we are by the common ideals
for which we have fought, and by the teach-
ings of the trials and sufferings which we
have shared, we can now turn with hopeful
confidence to the work which remains to be
-done. ROBERT LANSING,
Secretary of State.
With, China.
Pekin, Nov. 13, 1918.— His Excellency Pres-
ident Woodrow Wilson, Washington : The peo-
ple of China learn with great joy that the
terms of the /armistice have been accepted by
Germany. Thus the cause of justice and free-
dom has been vindicated and its final triumph
has been won by the allied arms. On behalf
of my government and the people of China I
hasten hereby to offer to your excellency, and,
through you, to the people of the United
States, my hearty congratulations and to ex-
press my confidence that at the peace con-
ference, which no doubt will soon follow, the
delegates of our two countries will continue
to work hand in hand for the cause of free-
dom, justice and fair dealing.
HSU SHIH-CHANG.
The White House, Nov. 15, 191€.— His Ex-
cellency Hsu Shih-chang, President of China,
Pekin, China: Please accept my warmest
thanks for your message. I know how ar-
dently and sincerely the people of China ars
engaged on the side of justice and freedom,
and it is delightful to feel the influence of
their supporting sentiment in these days when
the purpose of the whole world must be
turned to justice and lasting- peace.
WOODROW . WILSON.
With Panama.
Panama, Nov. 11, 1918. — His Excellency
President Wilson, Washington: Allow me to
congratulate your excellency and every Amer-
ican for the brilliant victory obtained by the
allied cause with the signing- by Germany of
the armistice as the prelude of the final
crushing of Prussian militarism and triumph,
of true democracy.
With the assurance of my highest consider-
ation. BELISARIO PORRAS.
The White House, Nov. 13, 1918.— Hon.
Belisario Porras, President Republic of Pana-
ma, Panama: I greatly appreciate your excel-
lency's generous message of yesterday and send
my warmest greetings to the people of Pana-
ma in this time of triumph and relief.
WOODROW WILSON.
With Guatemala.
Guatemala, Nov. 14, 1918.— Honorable Sec-
retary of State, Washington: The government
and people of Guatemala most enthusiastically
celebrate the splendid victory won by the
United States and other allied nations in the
noble struggle for justice and liberty. I have
the honor in their name to offer to your ex-
cellency, the government and people of your
friendly nati9n the most sincere felicitations
and the sentiments of sympathy and admira-
tion of Guatemala. G. AGUIRRE,
Minister of Foreign Relations.
Nov. 16, 1918.— His Excellency G. Aguirre,
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Guatemala: I ap-
preciate highly your excellency's telegram
giving expression to the joy felt in common
by the government and people of Guatemala
and the government and people of the United
States over the armistice with Austria and
Germany. We have now still greater grounds
for rejoicing- and the mutvial interchange of
congratulations, for final victory has been won
and we can now look forward with confidence
to the attainment of the high ideals which
have been the inspiration of the powers which
opposed the military autocracy of Germany.
ROBERT LANSING.
Secretary of State.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
485
President Wilson to King Albert.
The following- cable message dated at the
white house Nov. 15, 1918, was sent to King
Albert of Belgium by President Wilson:
"Never has a national holiday occurred at a
more auspicious moment, and never have felic-
itations been more heartfelt than those which
it is my high privilege to tender to your
majesty on this day.
"When facing imminent destruction, Belgium
by her self-sacrifice won for herself a place
of honor among- nations, a crown of glory,
imperishable, though all else were lost.
"The danger is averted, the hour of victory
come, and with it the promise of a new life,
fuller, greater, nobler than, has been known
before.
"The blood of Belgium's heroic sons has not
been shed in vain.
"WOODROW WILSON."
[The national holiday referred to in the pres-
ident's message is that commemorating the
signing of the treaty of London, Nov. 15,
1831, guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium
by Austria, Russia, Great Britain and Prussia
— the treaty described by a German statesman
in 1914 as merely "a scrap of paper."]
On the occasion of .King Albert's entry into
Brussels Nov. 22, 19f8, President Wilson sent
the following congratulatory cable to the Bel-
gian ruler:
"At the moment that you re-enter Brussels
at the head of your victorious army may I not
express the great joy that it gives to me and
to the American people to hail your return to
your capital, making your final triumph in
this war, which has cost your nation so much
suffering but from which it will arise in new
strength to a higher destiny?"
OTHER MESSAGES EXCHANGED.
King George to President Wilson.
(Nov. 11, 1918.)
"At this moment of universal gladness I
send you, Mr. President, and the people of
your great republic a message of congratula-
tion and deep thanks in my own name and
that of the people of this empire.
"It is indeed a matter of solemn thanks-
giving; that the peoples of our two countries,
akin in spirit as in speech, should to-day be
united in this greatest of democracy's achieve-
ments. I thank you and the people of the
United States for the high and noble part
which you have played in this glorious chap-
ter of history and freedom."
President Wilson to King George.
"Your generous and gracious message is
-most warmly appreciated, and you may rest
assured that our hearts on this side of the
Atlantic are the more completely filled with
joy and satisfaction because we know the
great partnership of interests and of senti-
ments to which we belong.
"We are happy to be associated in this time
of triumph with the government and people
upon whom we are so sure we can count- for
co-pperation in the delicate and difficult tasks
which remain before the high purposes of the
war may be realized and established in the
reign of equitable justice and lasting peace."
E. 31. House to Lloyd 'George.
"Sincere congratulations. No one has done
more to bring about this splendid victory than
you."
Lloyd George to E. M. House.
"Many thanks for your generous telegram.
Nothing- contributed more to the victory than
the prompt response of the president to the
appeal I made to him. for American help in
those critical days."
King George to President Wilson.
King George of England on the occasion of
the anniversary of the entry of the United
States into the war, April 6, 1918. sent
the following message to President Wilson:
"On the occasion of the anniversary of the
momentous decision 01 the United States to
enter into this war for the safeguarding of
international right and justice I desire to con-
vey to you, Mr. President, and through you
to the American people, the friendly greetings
of the entire British nation.
"At this critical hour, when our enemies
are sparing no sacrifice and are counting no
cost to achieve victory, the French and Brit-
ish troops stand united, as never before, in
their heroic resistance to these endeavors.
"They are buoyed up with the thought that
the great democracy of the west, in the same
spirit and with the same objects as their own,
is putting forth every effort to throw its su-
preme force into the struggle which will
once for all decide the destinies of the free
nations of the earth.
"The gallant deeds of Americans on land
and sea have already indicated to the enemy
that his hope is vain. Every day that passes,
as American troops pour in ever increasing
numbers into France, diminishes the chances
of his success.
"The American people may rest assured that
the British empire, now tried by nearly four
years of war, will cneerfully make yet fur-
ther sacrifices. The thought that the United
States, under your leadership, is with us
heart and soul emboldens us in the determina-
tion, with God's help, finally to destroy the
designs of the enemy and to re-establish on
the earth the rule of rieht and justice."
Queen Alexandra to American Women.
On the same day Dowager Queen Alexandra
sent the following message to the British am-
bassador, the earl of Reading, with the re-
quest that it be transmitted through the press
to the women of the United States:
"As president of the British Red Cross so-
ciety, I wish to send to the women of our
great ally, the United States of America, a
message of greeting upon the first anniversary
of America's entry into the war. It is my
earnest prayer that God in His merciful
providence may guide and guard our righteous
cause."
President Wilson to Italy.
On the occasion of the third anniversary of
Italy's entrance into the war May 24, 1918,
President Wilson sent the following message:
"I am sure I am speaking for the people
of the United States in sending to the Italian
people warm fraternal greetings upon this the
anniversary of the entrance of Italy into this
great war, in which there is being fought out
once for all the irrepressible conflict between
free self-government and the dictation of force.
"The people of the United States have
looked with profound interest and sympathy
upon the efforts and sacrifices of the Italian
people, and are deeply ana sincerely interested
in the present and future security of Italy.
They are glad to find themselves associated
with a people to whpm they are bound by
so many personal and intimate ties in a strug-
gle whose object is liberation, freedom, the
rights of men and nations to live their own
lives and determine their own fortunes: the
rights of the weak as well as the strong,
and the maintenance of justice by the irre-
sistible force of free nations leagued together
in the defense of mankind. With ever increas-
ing resolution and force we shall continue to
stand together in this sacred common cause.
"America salutes the gallant kingdom of
Italy and bids her godspeed."
486
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOB 1919
LIST OF SHIPS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.
NOTE— Abbreviations: T. S., twin screw; Tr. S., triple screw; S., screw. Where size of guns
is expressed in inches, only main battery is given. Where size is expressed in pounds and under
four inches vessels have only a secondary battery.
THE FLEET.
First-Class Battle Ships.
Displace-
Name. ment.
Tom.
Alabama 11,552
Arkansas 26,000
. Connecticut 16,000
Delaware 20,000
Florida 21,825
Georgia 14,948
Illinois 11,552
Indiana 10,288
Iowa 11,346
Kansas 16,000
Kearsarge 11,520
Kentucky 11,520
Louisiana 16,000
Maine 12,500
Massachusetts 10,288
Michigan 16,000
Minnesota 16,000
Missouri 12,500
Nebraska 14,948
Nevada 27.500
New Hampshire — 16,000
New Jersey 14,948
New York 27,000
North Dakota 20,000
Ohio 12,500
Oklahoma 27,500
Oregon 10,288
Pennsylvania 31,400
Khode Island 14,948
South Carolina 16,000
Texas 27,000
Utah 21,825
Vermont 16,000
Virginia 14,948
Wisconsin 11,552
Wyoming 26,000
•Tons fuel oil.
Brooklyn 9,215
Colorado 13,680
Maryland 13,680
Memphis 14,500
Montana 14,500
North Carolina 14, 500
Pittsburgh 13,680
San Diego* 13,680
Saratoga 8,150
South Dakota 13,680
Washington 14,500
West Virginia 13,680
•Sunk July 19. 1918.
Charleston 9,700
Chattanooga 3,200
Chicago 4,500
Cincinnati 3.183
Cleveland 3,200
Columbia 7,350
Denver 3, 200
Des Moines 3,200
Galveston 3,200
Milwaukee 9,700
Minneapolis 7,350
New Orleans 3,430
Olympia 5,865
Raleigh 3,183
St. Louis 9,700
Tacoma 3,200
Birmingham 3,750
Chester 3,750
Salem 3,750
Albany 3,430
Boston 3,000
Marblehead 2,072
Montgomery 2,072
Ammen 742
Aylwin 1,036
Length. Beam.
Ft. In. Ft. la.
draft.
Ft. In.
Spent
(trial). Propul-
Knota ftion.
Steaming
MM. coal radius at
supply. 10 know. Battery, guns.
Tons. Knots.
368
0
72 2
23 6
17.01 T. S.
1,275
4,591
4 13-in., 14 6-in.
554
0
93 2
28 6
21.05 Turb.
1,924
12 12-in., .21 5-in., 4 3-pdr.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.78 T. S.
2,275
5°, 666
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
510
0
85 2
26 11
21.56 T. S.
2,500
10 12-in., 14 5-in.
510
0
88 2
28 6
22.08 Turb.
2,500
10 12-in., 16 5-in.
435
0
76 2
23 9
19.26 T. S.
1,925
s'.soo
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 6-in.
368
0
72 2
23 6
17.45 T. S.
1,275
4,250
4 13-in., 14 6-in.
348
0
69 3
24 0
15.55 T. S.
1,500
4,600
4 13-in., 8 8-in.
360
0
72 2
24 0
17.09 T. S.
1,650
4,500
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 10 4-in.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.09 T. S.
2,350
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
368
0
72 2
23 6
16.82 T. S.
1,500
5,316
4 13-in., 4 8-in., 18 5-in.
368
0
72 2
23 6
16.90 T. S.
1,500
5,360
4 13-in., 4 8-in., 18 5-in.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.82 T. S.
2,400
5,000
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
388
0
72 2
23 10
18.00 T. 8.
1,875
4,925
4 12-in., 16 6-in.
348
0
69 3
24 0
16.21 T. S.
1,475
4,500
4 13-in., 8 8-in.
450
0
80 2
24 6
18.79 T. S.
2,200
8 12-in., 22 3-in.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.85 T. S.
2,460
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
388
0
72 2
23 11
18.15 T. S.
1,825
4J966
4 12-in., 16 6-in.
435
0
76 2
23 9
19.06 T. S.
1,775
• • • . •
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 6-in.
575
0
97 0
28 10
20.53 Turb.
2,000
10 14-in., 21 5-in.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.16 T. S.
2,325
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
435
0
76 2
23 9
19.18 T. S.
2,000
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 6-in.
565
0
95 3
28 6
21.00 Turb.
10 14-in., 25 5-in.
510
0
85 2
26 11
21.01 T. S.
2, 500
10 12-in., 14 5-in.
388
0
72 2
23 7
17.82 T. S.
2,150
4,'9o6
4 12-in., 16 6-in.
575
0
96 2
28 6
21.01 Turb.
'2,000
10 14-in., 21 5-in.
348
0
69 3
24 0
16.79 T. S.
1,450
5,300
4 13-in., 8 8-in.
600
0
95 2
28 6
21.05 Turb.
2.322
12 14-in., 22 5-in.
435
0
76 2
23 9
19.01 T. S.
2,000
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 6-in.
450
0
80 2
24 <5
18.86 T. S.
2,200
.....
8 12-in., 22 3-in.
565
o
95 3
28 6
21.05 Turb.
10 14-in , 21 5-in.
510
0
88 2
28 6
21.04 Turb.
2,500
10 12-in., 16 5-in.
450
0
76 10
24 6
18.33 T. S.
2,425
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 7-in.
435
0
76 2
23 9
19.01 T. S.
1,900
4 12-in., 8 8-in., 12 6-in.
368
0
72 2
23 6
17.17 T. S.
1,250
4,'200
4 13-in., 14 6-in.
554
0
93 2
28 6
21.22 Turb.
1,924
.....
12 12-in.. 21 5-in.. 4 3-pdr.
At
"mored
Cruisers.
400
6
64 8
24 0
21.91 T. S.
1,350
5,000
8 8-inch, 12 5-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.24 T. 8.
1,825
5,000
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.41 T. S.
1,950
5,000
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
502
0
72 10
25 0
22.16 T. S.
1,975
4 10-inch, 16 6-inch.
502
0
72 10
25 0
22.26 T. S.
1,950
4 10-inch, 16 6-inch.
502
0
72 10
25 0
21.91 T. S.
1,950
4 10-inch, 16 6-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.44 T. S.
1,825
5, 666
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.20 T. S.
2,075
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
380
6
64 10
23 3
21.00 T. S.
1,325
4,800
4 8-inch, 10 5-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.24 T. S.
2,075
5,000
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
502
0
72 10
25 0
22.27 T. S.
1,950
4 10-inch, 16 6-inch.
502
0
69 6
24 1
22.15 T. S.
1,950
MOO
4 8-inch, 14 6-inch.
Prc
ttected
Cruisers.
424
0
66 0
22 6
22.04 T. S.
1,700
14 6-inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.65 T. S.
675
6,'9'25
10 5-inch.
325
0
48 2
19 0
18.00 T. S.
850
3,806
14 5-inch.
300
0
42 0
18 0
19.91 T. S.
575
4,560
11 5-inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.45 T. S.
675
6,925
10 5-inch.
411
7
58 2
22 6
22.80 Tr. S.
1,525
6,800
3 6-inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.75 T. S.
675
6.925
10 5-inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.65 T. S.
700
6,925
10 5-Inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.41 T. S.
700
6,925
10 5-inch.
424
0
66 0
22 6
22.22 T. S.
1,650
14 6-inch.
411
7
58 2
22 6
23.07 Tr. S.
1,400
6,300
3 6-inch, 84-inch.
346
0
43 9
16 10
20.00 T. S.
750
4,682
10 5-inch.
340
0
53 0
21 6
21.69 T. S.
1,075
4,200
4 8-inch, 10 5-inch.
300
0
42 0
18 0
21.12 T. S.
575
4,560
11 5-inch.
424
0
66 0
22 6
22.13 T. S.
1,650
14 6-inch.
292
0
44 0
15 9
16.58 T. S.
675
5 000
10 5-inch.
Unprotected Scout Cruisers
420
0
47 1
16 9
24.33 T. S.
1,250
2 5-inch, 6 3-inch.
420
0
47 1
16 9
26.52 Turb.
1,250
2 5-inch, fi 3-inch.
420
0
47 1
16 9
25.95 Tuib.
1,250
2 5-inch, 6 3-inch.
Unpi
rotected
' Cruisers.
346
0
43 9
1610
20.52 T. S.
750
4.372
10 5-inch.
277
5
42 2
16 10
15.60 T. S.
428
2 8-inch, 3 6-in., 1 4-in.
257
0
37 0
14 6
18.44 T. S.
346
S', 126
10 5-inch.
257
0
37 0
14 6
19.06 T. S.
280
3,126
2 6-pounder.
Torpeo
'.o Boat
Destroyers.
Tor. tubes. Gune.
289
0
26 1%
S 4
30.48 T. S.
210
...»
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
300
0
30 4
9 5
29.60 ..
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
487
Mulmiu,
Speed
M«C»t™''±!
Name.
Tons.'
Length.
FtTn.
Beam.
Ft In.
draft.
Ft. In.
(trial). Propul-
Knots. sion.
8]£naJ'
10 know. Battery, guns.
btfck
Bainbridge
.... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.45 T. S.
169
2 18-in., 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Balch
.... 1,036
• 300 0
30 4
9 5
2S-.62
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Barry
.... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.13 T. S.
169
2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Beale
.... 742
289 0
26 1%
8 4
29.65 Turb.
•65974
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
Benham
.... 1,036
300 0
30 4
9 5
29.59
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Burrows
.... 742
219 0
26 V&
8 4
30.67 T. S.
210
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Cassin
.... 1,020
300 0
30 4
9 3
30.14
4 18-in. 4 4-in:
Chauncey
420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.64 T. S.
169
3,024
2 18-in. 2 3-in.
Conyngham —
.... 1,090
310 0
29 10
9 4
29.63 Turb.
•86768
4 twin 21-in. 4 4-in.
.... 1,020
300 0
30 4
9 3
30.57
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Gushing
.... 1,050
300 0
30 4
9 6
29.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Dale
420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.00 T. S.
174
1,044
2 18-in. 2 3-in.
Decatur
.... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.10 T. S.
174
1,044
2 18-in., 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Downes
.... 1,072
300 0
30 6
9 7
29.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Dray ton
. . . > 742
289 0
26 m,
8 4
30.83 T. S.
210
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Duncan
.... 1,014
300 0
30 4
9 3
29.14
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Ericsson
.... 1,090
300 0
30 6
9 9
29.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Fanning
.... 742
289 0
26 1^
8 4
29.99 Turb.
•65974
«••••
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
... 700
289 0
26 0
8 0
30.41 T. S.
295
.....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
.... 742
293 10
26 1%
8 4
30.41
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
Hopkins
.... 408
238 9
23 1%
6 0
29.02 T. S.
143
.....
2 18-in. 2 3-in.
Hull
...t 408
238 9
23 1%
6 0
28.04 T. S.
143
.....
2 18-in. 2 3-in.
... 1,150
310 0
29 10
9 8
29.57 Turb.
•86768
.....
4 twin 21-ln. 4 4-in.
.... 742
293 10
26 1^
8 4
30.01
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
.... 742
289 0
26 1%
8 4
31.27 Turb.
•65974
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
Jouett
... 742
289 0
26 1%
8 4
32.27 Turb.
•65971
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Lamson
... 700
289 0
26 0
8 0
28.61 T. S.
285
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
... 400
240 7
22 3
6 2
28.41 T. S.
' 108
2 18-inu 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Macdonough —
... 400
240 7
22 3
6 2
28.03 T. S.
108
1,920
2 18-in. 7 6-pdr.
Maynart
... 742
293 10
26 1%
8 4
30.22
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
McCall
... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
£0.66 Turb.
•70575
• ••••
3 18-in. 5 3-iu.
McDougal
... 1,020
300 0
30 6
9 3
29.00
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Konaghan
... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
29.50 Turb.
•70074
• *•••
3 18-in. 5 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Nicholson
... 1,050
300 0
30 4
9 6
29.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
O'Brien
... 1,050
300 0
30 4
9 6
29.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Parker
... 1,036
300 0
26 \VZ
8 4
29.69
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Patterson
.... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
29.69 Turb.
•71457
• *•*•
3 18-in. 5 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Paulding
... 742
280 0
26 1
8 4
32.80 T. S.
298
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Paul Jones
... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.91 T. S.
168
1,500
2 18-in. 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Perkins
... 740
289 0
26 2
X 4
29.76 T. S.
210
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Perry
... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.32 T. S.
163
1,500
2 18-in. 2 3-in.. 5 6-pdr.
Porter
... 1,090
310 0
29 10
9 6
29.50 Turb.
4 twin, 4 4-iu.
Preble
... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
28.03 T. S.
172
1,500
2 18-in. 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
... 700
289 0
26 0
8 0
29.18 T. S.
293
.....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Reid
... 700
?89 0
26 0
8 0
31.82 T. S.
298
.....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Roe
... 742
289 0
26 1
8 4
29.60 T. S.
298
«. ...
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Rowan
... 1,111
310 0
29 10
9 6
29.50 Turb.
4 triple 21-in. 4 4-in.
Sampson
... 1,111
310 0
2910
9 4
29.50 Turb.
•86768
.....
4 triple 21-in. 4 4-in.
Smith
. . . 700
289 0
26 0
8 0
28.35 T. S.
298
.....
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
Sterett
... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
S0.37 T. S.
210
.... .
3 18-in. 6 3-in.
Stewart
... 420
245 0
23 1
6 6
29.69 T. S.
172
.....
2 18-in. 2 3-in., 5 6-pdr.
Terry
... 74-2
289 0
26 2 '
8 4
S0.24 T. S.
210
....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Trippe
... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
30.89 T. S.
210
.....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Truxtun
... 433
248 0
22 3
6 0
29.58 T. S.
166
2 18-in. 2 3-in., 6 6-pdr.
Tucker
... 1,090
310 0
29 10
9 4
,29.50 Turb.
*86768
•»..••
Vvadsworth
... 1,090
310 0
29 10
9 4
30.00 Turb.
4 18-in. 4 4-in.
Wainwright
... 1,150
310 0
29 10
9 8
29.50 Turb.
•86768
.....
Walke
742
289 0
26 2
8 4
29.78 T. S.
210
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Warrington . —
... 742
289 0
26 2
8 4
30.12 T. S.
210
.....
3 18-in. 5 3-in.
Whipple
... 433
248 0
22 3
6 0
28.24 T. S.
166
2 18-in. 2 3-in., 6 6-pdr.
Winslow
... 1,050
300 0
30 4
8 6
£9.00 Turb.
4 18 in. 4 4-in.
Word-'n
... 433
248 0
22 3
6 0
29.86 T. S.
166
2 18-in. 2 3-in.. 6 6-pdr.
•Gallons of oil
fuel. tTorpedoed and sunk
Dec.
6. 1917.
Moni
'ors.
Amphitrite
... 3,990
259 3
55 4
14 6
10.50 T. S.
271
1,370
4 10-in. 2 4-in.
... 3,225
252 0
50 0
12 t
11.80 T. S.
•129
1,680
2 12-in. 4 4-in.
Monndnock
... 3,990
258 6
55 5
14 6
11.63 T. S.
386
2,179
4 10-in. 2 4-in.
... 4,084
256 0
59 0
14 10
13.60 T. S.
206
1,430
2 12-in., 2 10-in.
Ozark
... 3,225
252 0
50 0
12 6
12.03 T. S.
344
1,680
2 12-in. 4 4-in.
Tallahassee
... 3,225
252 0
50 0
12 6
12.40 T. S.
355
1,680
2 12-in. 4 4-in.
...'3,225
252 0
50 0
12 6
13.04 T. S.
338
1,680
2 12-in. 4 4-in.
To
'pedo
Boats.
14k
lots.
Torpedo tubes.
... 176
157 0
17 7
4 11
29U5 T. S.
43
3,000
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Bailey
... 280
205 0
19 3
6 10
30.20 T. S.
99
2 18-inch Whitehead.
Barney
... 175
157 0
17 7
4 11
29.04 T. S.
43
3,000
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Biddle
... 175
157 0
17 7
411
28.57 T. S.
43
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Blakcly
... 196
175 1
17 9
5 11
25.58 T. S.
72
.....
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Dahlgren
... 146
147 0
16 4
4 7
30.00 T. S.
32
2 18-inch Whitehead.
DeLong
. . . 196
175 1
17 9
5 11
25.52 T. S.
72
3 18-inch Whitehead.
DuPont
... 165
175 0
17 8
4 8
28.58 T. S.
76
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Farragut
... 279
213 6
20 8
6 0
20.13 T. S.
95
2 18-inch Whitehead.
Foote
... 142
160 0
16 1
5 0
24.53 T. S.
44
1,235
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Fox
... 154
146 0
15 4
5 10
23.13 T. S.
40
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Goldsborowgh ...
... 255
198 0
20 7
6 10
27.40 T. S.
89
2 18-inch Whitehead.
Mackenzie
... 65
99 3
12 9
4 3
20.11 S.
15
2 18-inch Whitehead.
488
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Name.
Displaoo-
Tons.
105
142
200
150
200
165
1,010
243
1,177
1,486
, 1,130
620
1.392
1,030
, 1,177
990
. 190
Length.
Ft. In.
138 3
160 0
175 0
149 4
175 0
175 0
168 0
115 3
204 0
240 0
210 0
157 11
250 9
192 8
204 0
174 0
160 0
220 0
168 0
174 0
160 0
115 3
181 4
168 0
137 9
177 4
210 0
115 3
110 0
168 0
148 0
174 0
250 9
230 0
120 0
182 4
155 6
101 6
204 0
145 .0
97 0,
273 0
212 9
164 7
123 8
130 0
182 3
180 0
185 0
327 6
174 0
275 0
258 0
273 11
, 304 8
465 9
310 0
465 9
252 4
Length.
Ft. lu.
325 6
332 0
387 6
332 6
322 1
542 0
536 0
542 0
475 7
403 0
300 0
542 0
522 0
312 0
536 0
522 0
297 1
284 0
403 0
Beam.
Ft. In.
15 9
16 1
17 6
17 6
17 6
17 6
36 0
17 10
32 1
32 0
32 0
26 0
39 8
31 0
32 1
34 0
24 6
38 1
36 0
35 0
24 6
17 10
21 0
36 0
22 9
32 0
40 10
17 10
15 6
36 0
23 0
34 0
39 8
36 0
C<
20 0
23 5
24 0
18 0
27 2
22 0
16 0
36 0
28 1
23 9
20 0
18 6
28 0
23 0
27 6
48 7
35 0
39 3
37 6
39 3
40 8
60 1
49 2
60 1
26 6
Beam.
Ft. In.
42 .0
42 2
46 6
41 6
43 11
' 65 0
65 0
65 0
56 0
53 0
39 0
65 0
62 0
41 0
65 0
62 0
40 5
37 0
53 0
Steaming
Maximum Speed Max.coal radius at
draft. (trial). Propul- supply. 10 knots.
Ft. In. Knots sion. Ions. Knots.
4 1 24.00 T. S. 26
5 0 24.49 T. S. 44 1,200
5 2 26.07 T. S. 82 1,755'
5 10 15.00 T. S. 37
5 2 24.88 T. S. 85 1,755
4 8 24.94 T. S. 73 .....
Gunboats.
12 0 13.17 S. 230 5,245
6 6 10.00 T. S. 33
12 0 16.03 T. S. 210 3,480
14 3 15.50 S. 265
12 6 12.20 S. 204 2,250
10 0 11.00 T. S. 94
9 0 15.50 T. S. 300 2,370
11 6 11.23 T. S. 159 2,000
12 0 15.46 T. S. 261 3,480
12 0 13.02 T. S. 229 3,529
2 5 1320
Battery, guns.
3 18-inch Whitehead.
3 18-inch Whitehead.
3 18-inch Whitehead.
2 18-inch Whitehead.
3 18-inch Whitehead.
3 18-inch Whitehead.
Battery, guns.
6 4-in., 6 under 4-inch.
4 under 4-inch.
2 4-inch.
6 6-pounder.
2 4-in., 10 under 4-inch.
4 4-inch.
8 4-inch.
4 4-in., 8 under 4-inch.
8 4-in., 8 under 4-inch.
6 4-inch.
2 6-pounder.
8 4-inch.
Shubrick .,
Don Juan de Aust
Isla de Luzon
, 1,371
1,010
. 1,085
190
, 243
890 •
1,010
350
1,261
1,425
, 243
100
. 1,010
. 370
990
, 1,392
1,710
192
11 0 16.30 T. S.
12 0 12.29 S.
12 3 12.85 T. S.
2 5 13.25
363 3,315
224 4,904
246
6 4-inch.
2 6-paunder.
8 under 4-inch.
4 4-in., 4 under 4-inch.
6 4-inch.
4 under 4-inch.
Palos ,
6 6 10.00 T. S.
11 6 11.40 S.
12 "0 10.64 S.
7 9 11.00 S.
13 0 10.00 S.
11 6 12.78
6 6 10.50 T. S.
5 4 8.00 S.
12 0 12.71 S.
7 6 11.00 S.
12 0 12.88 T. S.
9 0 15.08 T. S.
14 0 16.14 S.
inverted Yachts.
8 0 14.00 S.
11 5 14.00 S.
11 6 12.50 S.
7 9 10.50 S.
12 0 17.00 S.
11 6 14.50 S.
7 3 14.00 S.
17 4 16.80 T. S.
11 0 17.85 T. S.
9 3 14.00 S.
7. 6 15.00 S.
10 0 9.00 S.
12 8 16.00 S.
12 0 16.50 S.
13 10 14.00 S.
Special Class.
19 6 20.10 T. S.
12 3 12.90 T. S.
19 0 10.00 S.
19 0 12.50 S.
19 7 9.50 S.
15 9 13.50 S.
26 0 16.00 S.
18 9 19.52 T. S.
26 0 16.00 S.
10 7 21.65 T. S.
Colliers.
Maximum Speed, Speed,
draft. loaded. light.
Ft. In. Knots. Knots.
23 6 9.00 9.50
21 0
33
193 3,254
226 4,904
78
178
Petrel
'"33 iiooo
16
243 4,904
230 3,'874
300 2,370
341 3,443
45
78
65
23
120
70
17
525
133
50
47
60
3 4-in., 2 3-pdr.
6 under 4-inch.
4 under 4-inch.
6 4-in., 6 under 4-inch.
6 under 4-inch.
6 4-in., 6 under 4-inch.
8 4-in., 4 under 4-inch.
6 5-in., 8 under 4-inch.
3 under 4-inch.
2 under 4-inch.
2 under 4*inch.
1 under 4-inch.
7 under 4-inch.
1 under 4-inch.
2 under 4-inch.
6 under 4-inch.
4 under 4-inch.
2 under 4-inch.
1 under 4-inch.
Villalobos
. 594
Eagle
. 434
Elf rida
164
. 786
Hawk
. 375
82
2,690
. ' 775
369
Sylph
. 152
302
. 806
190
79
170
1,075 5,300
246
480
188 .....'
200
675 4,800
1,576
625 4,000
1.576
132 1,800
Bunker Cargo
capacity. capacity.
813 3,400
6,400
6 under 4-inch.
2 under 4-inch.
2 under 4 inch.
Description.
Mine depot ship.
Mine training ship.
Survey ship.
Ammunition ship.
Survey ship.
Tender.
Repair ship.
Mine depot ship.
Renair ship.
Battery, guns.
1 3-pounder.
Battery, guns.
4 3-pounder, 4 Colts.
630
. 975
. 4,413
. 1,085
. 4,000
. 3,285
. 4,242
. 3,380
.12.585
San Francisco . . .
Vestal
. 4,083
.12,585
Vesuvius (torpedo
practice ship)....
Name.
. 930
Dlsplace-
Tons.
. 6 705
. 6,159
Ajax
. 9,250
25 3 10.00 11.00
23 6 10.00
21 6 10.00 11.00
27 8 14.61
27 8 14.32
27 8 14.99
23 11 26.20 14.00
24 6 12.65
21 3 10.50 11.00
27 8 12.93
27 8 14.58
22 11 9.00
27 8 14.00
.27 8 14.00
22 8 11.00
22 8 11.00 11.00
24 0 12.82 .
500 5,000
547 4,000
761 3,156
2,043 10,457
2,000 10,500
2,043 10,457
1,568 *7,554
877 8,017
400 2,900
2,013 10,457
2,000 10,500
300 3,500
2,000 10,500
2,000 10,500
335 2,400
469 2,672
877 8.0W
1 6 pounder.
1 6-pounder.
1 6-pounder.
Brutus
. 6,600
Csesar
. 5,920
Cyclopsf
.19,360
.19,132
19 360
Kanawha
.14,500
.11,200
Nanshan
. 4,950
1 6-pounder.
Neptune
.19,360
.19,000
. 6 360
1 6-pounder.
1 6-pounder.
1 6-pounder. •
Orion
.19 132
Proteus
.19,000
Saturn
. 4,842
Sterling
. 5 663
Vulcan .
.11,230
*Tons fuel oil. tMissing since March 13, 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
489
Name.
Hartford 2,790 226 0
Buffalo 6,000 391 1
Prairie 6,620 391 6
General Alava .... 1,115 212 6
Hancock 8,500
Celtic 6,750 369 8
Culgoa 6,000 334 4
Glacier 8,325 353 0
Kainbow 4,360 326 0
Supply 4,325 342 7
Relief 3,300 299 2
Solace 5,700 361 2
Wooden Cruisers.
Displace- Maximum Speed, Speed
ment. Length. Beam. draft. loaded. light,
Tons. Ft. In. Ft. In. Ft. In. Knots. Knots
Propule:
43 10 IS 2 12.00 S.
Armed Transports.
48 3 19 5 14.50 S.
20 9 14.50 S.
11 0 10.50 S.
24 3
Bunker Cargo
3ap«city.capacity.
262 .,
Battery, guns.
2 6-pounder.
48 3
29 9
45
1,375 7,800 6 4-in.. 4 3-pounder.
1,300 8,200 10 3-inch.
240 2,200 2 6-pounder.
6 3-in., 2 3-pounder.
Supply Ships.
44
7
24
it
10.50
S.
43
0
21
9
13.25
S.
46
1
25
4
12.30
S.
41
0
17
2
12.00
S.
-13
°,
19
5
9.66
S.
739 6,503
957 8,880
917 5,760
1,139 4,872
1,029 8,160
2 6-pounder.
2 6-pounder.
1 3-pounder.
6 6-pounder, 6 1-pdr.
6 6-pouuders 4 1-pdr.
Hospital Ships.
46 0 15 10 ..... S.
44 0 22 0 15.00 S.
607
1,000 7,000
3 6-pounder.
Tenders to Torpedo Vessels.
Alert
.... 1,110
177
4
32
0
13 0
10.00
S.
197
3,742
4 6-pounder.
Bushnell
3,580
300
0
45
S
15 0
14.15
Turb.
660
4 5-inch.
Dixie
6,114
391
6
48
3
19 11
14.50
S.
1,075
7,000
10 3-inch.
Fulton
.... 1,408
216
0
•
0
13 0
12.25
T. S.
, .
10 3-in., 2 6-pounder.
Iris
6,100
310
0
:»
0
24 0
10.00
S.
300
3,100
Melville
.... 7,150
400
0
r.4
5
20 0
15.00
Turb.
8 5-in., 2 3-pounder.
.... 3,085
245
0
33
6
16 10
10.50
S.
Sailing
Ships.
Name.
Displace-
Length.
Ft. In.
Beam.
Ft. In.
Draft.
Ft. In.
Speed
Knots.
Propul'
sion. Description.
Battery, guns.
.... 346
108
(1
29
<!
9 2
SI.
Brig.
Constellation . .
.... 1,970
176
0
42
0
20 0
.....
SI.
Ship.
4 under 4-inch.
Intrepid
.... 1,800
176
5
43
S
16 5
SI.
Bark
6 under 4-inch.
Arizona 31,400
California 32,000
Idaho 32.000
Mississippi 32,000
New Mexico 32,000
Tennessee 32, 000
Under Construction and Authorized.
600 0 97 0 28 10 21.00 Turb. Ist-class battleship. 12 14-ln., 22 5-in.
624 0 96 6 30 6 20.50 Turb. Ist-class battleship.
600 0 97 4% 30 0 21.00 Turb. Ist-class battleship. 12 14-in., 22 5-in.
600 0 97 4% «0 0 21.00 Turb. Ist-class battleship. 12 14-in., 22 5-in.
600 0 97 4% 30 0 21.00 Turb. Ist-class battleship. 12 14-in., 22 5-in.
624 0 96 6 30 6 20.50 Turb. Ist-class battleship. 12 14-in., 22 5-ln.
Nos. 45 to 54 incl. „ Ist-class battleships.
ADDITIONS T© THE NAVY.
The foregoing list of ships of the United Battle ships 2
States is identical with that printed in The
Daily News Almanac and Year-Book for 1917,
specific information as to ships built since
then being withheld by the government. In a
speech in the house of representatives Oct. 14,
1918, Lemuel P. P. Padgett, chairman of the
house naval committee, made public many
facts and figures relating- to the United States
navy not previously available outside of of-
ficial circles. The data were obtained by the
congressman from the chiefs of bureaus in the
navy department. The bureau of construc-
tion and repair reported:
On April 1, 1917. there were building" and
authorized for the navy the following vessels:
Battle ships 12
Battle cruisers 5
Scout cruisers
Destroyers
Submarines 61
Fuel ships 2
Supply ship 1
Transport t 1
Gunboat 1
Hospital ship 1
Ammunition ship 1
Since the declaration of war (April 6, 1917)
the following vessels have been contracted for
or ordered built at navy yards:
Destroyers 253
Submarines 58
Mine sweepers 54
Sea-going tugs 27
Harbor tugs 46
Fabricated patrol vessels 112
Submarine chasers 447
Since the declaration of war the follow.
Ingr vessels have been added to the navy:
Destroyers 30
Submarines 25
Mine sweepers 12
Supply ship 1
Transport 1
Sea-going tugs 2
Submarine chasers 405
In addition to the above, thirty-six in-
terned German ships have been repaired and
fitted for service: abput 1,000 privately owned
vessels (including- eighty-three Dutch ships)
have been purchased or chartered and have
been or are being fitted for naval use, and
orders are out to commission 112 more when
they have been completed: about 107 ves-
sels have been turned over to the navy by
other government departments. Of the above
mentioned vessels about 740 have been put
into nayal service proper, including offshore
and insnore patrol work, troop-transport duty,
fleet fueling or provisioning, hospital, and
other service, and about 300 have been put
into naval overseas transportation service.
Congressman Padgett declared that the
United States in October, 1918. had 1.800
vessels in full commission, or nearly six times
as many as were on the naval lists in 1916.
NAVAL PERSONNEL.
Describing the growth of the navy in officers
and men Mr. Padgett said:
"There are now 600,000 officers and men
in the naval service, including marines — more
than were in all the navies in the world
when the European war began. Before the
break with Germany, in January, 1917. the
navy had a total of 56.000 officers and men
and the marine corps fewer than 12.000. In
the weeks following recruiting: was active
490
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and when the president, in March, issued ihe
order for the increase to the full authorized
strength recruits poured in, so that when a
state of war was declared April 6, 1917, there
were 64,080 enlisted men and 4,366 officers
in the regular navy, totaling 69,046, and
13,266 enlisted men and 436 officers in the
marine corps, totaling- 13,692. Some 10,000
men had been enrolled in the naval reserve
force, which a few months before had com-
prised only a few hundreds. The naval re-
serves were called into service; the naval
militia. 10,000 officers and men, were mus-
tered in as national naval volunteers: and the
coast guard, with its 5,000, came under the
operation of the navy for the period of the
war, as provided by law. This grave us a
total force of approximately 100,000 upon
our entrance into the war."
The following- table shows the strength of
the various branches of the service in Octo-
ber, 1918:
Service. Men. Officers. Total.
Regular navy 218.322 9,411 227.733
Naval reserve force 270.424 19,619 290,043
Marine corps 66.105 2.271 68,376
Coast guard 6.106 665 6,771
Total officers and men 560.957 31.966 592,923
WORK OF U. S. NAVY IN THE WAR.
Owing to the veil of secrecy thrown over
the operations of the United States navy the
wide scope of its work during the war is
as yet not fully known. Much of its labor
consisted, of course, in patrolling the coasts
of the United States, Great Britain and France
and in convoying American troopships to and
from Europe. In this task the navy made
a record which has never been equaled be-
fore in history. In European waters Amer-
ican battle ships, cruisers and smaller ships
united with the British fleet and were at all
times prepared to meet the enemy had he
dared to offer battle.
In addition to this the American navy had
an important part in the work of laying down
mine barrages in the northern waters of the
Atlantic ocean and the North sea. Several
bases were established on the British coast
for this work. On the continent the navy
had a large personnel ashore with many
stations on the western coast of France for
the repair of ships and other purposes.
On returning from a visit to the Amer-
ican naval bases and stations overseas in the
latter part of October. 1918. Assistant Sec-
retary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt
made these facts known, adding:
"We are building a pipe line clear across
Scotland through which oil can be pumped
from the west to the east coast, thus saving
a tremendous length of haulage in supplying
vessels in that quarter with fuel oil.
"All the way from the Spanish border clear
around to the English channel we have es-
tablished aviation stations so spaced that the
entire coast line is covered by seaplanes and
dirigibles. Nearly all these stations, are lo-
cated at out of the way points, some placed
on uninhabited islands, others in fishing ves-
sels on peninsulas. Labor was almost im-
possible to obtain, so these stations were built
almost entirely by our own sailors. At each
station there is an average of from 200 to
300 men. This aviation force and our patrol
vessels have been doing such splendid work
that for the past six months there have been
practically no sinkings within fifty miles of
the French coast. We have on one of the
lakes close to the coast a large aviation
school for bombing practice and the general
training- of aviators. At one point we have
an immense assembly and repair base which
employs over 5,000 men.
"In northern France, in co-operation with
the British and the Belgians, we established
what is known as the northern bombing
group, composed of a number of aviation
units. This was organized originally for
bombing submarine bases on the Belgian
coast. It was in active operation all sum-
mer and did much to prevent the use of
Zeebrugge and Ostend by the Germans. After
the British had blockaded the entrance to
those harbors Germans were prevented from
clearing the channel because of the constant
activity of these aviators, who daily and
nightly dropped tons of explosives on the
German submarine bases.
"We have a considerable naval force at
Gibraltar which, acting in conjunction with
the British, is not only patrolling the At-
lantic in that vicinity but is also active in
the Mediterranean, escorting vessels going to
and coming from Italy, Greece and Egypt. In
Italy we ha-\e a flying school and several
units 6n duty. In the Adriatic we have a
large group of submarine chasers and other
vessels at work. Ypu know of the good
work some of these did in the destruction of
the Austrian naval base at Durazzo. They
have been particularly active in mining op-
erations and in the construction of the bar-
rage across the Adriatic.
"In the Azores we have established a con-
siderable base in conjunction with the Por-
tuguese. An efficient patrol is maintained
around the islands, and we have at the base
repair facilities which are very useful for
vessels touching at this convenient stepping
stone on the way across the Atlantic.
"We have a large number of naval hospital
units abroad. There is a hospital at every
base, and in Scotland we have practically-
taken over an entire watering place, whose
hotels and bathhouses have been converted
into immense hospitals. There we not only
care for our own sick and casualties, but
also those of the British in that vicinity.
"There seems to be a very general misap-
prehension, in France as well as in this
couhtry, as to the part taken by our navy in
transporting troops and supplies to France.
Every troop transport that flies the United
States flag is officered, manned and run by the
United States navy. Much the larger portion
of army supplies taken over in American ves-
sels are in ships officered and manned by the
navy."
NAVAL TRAINING STATIONS.
Regular naval training stations: Newport,
R. I.: Norfolk. Va.; Great Lakes. 111.; San
Francisco. Cal.
Depots at which "general detail" men, in-
cluding graduates of training stations, are fur-
ther trained while awaiting assignment to
ships: Portsmouth, N. H. ; Boston, Mass.
(Commonwealth pier) ; New York navy yard;
Philadelphia navy yard; Charleston, S. C.:
Pensacola, Fla.; Key West, Fla.: New Orleans,
La.; Gulf port. Miss, (projected) : San Dieg-o.
Cal.; Mare Island navy yard; Puget Sound
navy yard. •
Training establishments for reserves and na-
tional naval volunteers: Portsmouth (N H.)
navy yard; Bumkin Island, Boston harbor;
Newport, R. I.; Bensonhurst, L. I.; Pelham
Bay park. N. Y.: U. S. S. Iowa. Indiana.
Massachusetts (Delaware river) : Cape May,
N. J. ; steamship Bulgaria, Norfolk navy yard:
Cherrystone Island, Va.; Charleston (S C )
navy yard; Key West, near navy yard; New
Orleans navy yard; Municipal dock. Los An-
geles (San Pedro harbor); State university
grounds, Seattle, Wash.; steamship Commodore
and Grant Park camp, Chicago.
In addition men on active service at or op-
erating from the numerous section headquar-
ters of the naval defense districts may be
C9nsidered undergoing training. A list of thesa
district headquarters follows :
First district — Machias, Bar Harbor, Rock-
land. Bath. Portland, Portsmouth, Boston,
Provincetown.
Second — Newport, New Bedford, New Lon-
don.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
491
Third — New Haven. Bridgeport, Port Jef-
ferson. Montauk, Fort Lafayette, Whitestone,
Fire island. Sandy Hook.
Fourth — Cape May City, Lewes.
Filth— Baltimore. Washing-ton, Cape Charles
City. Norfolk, Beaufort.
Sixth— Wilmington. Georgetown, Charleston,
Port Royal. Savannah, Brunswick, Fernan-
dino, Jacksonville.
Seventh— St. Augustine, Miami, Knights Key.
Key West, Dry Tortugas. Tampa.
Eighth— Pensacola, New Orleans, Galveston.
Twelfth— San Francisco, San Pedro, San
Diego.
Thirteenth— Astoria. Aberdeen. Pueret Sound
navy yard, Sitka.
MARINE CORPS TRAINING STATIONS.
Recruit training stations — Marine barracks,
Paris island, 8. C. (permanent) ; marine bar-
racks. Mare island, Cal. (permanent) ; marine
barracks, Philadelphia, Pa. (temporary) ; ma-
rine barracks, Norfolk, Va. (temporary).
Advanced training stations— Marine barracks.
Quantico, Va. ; marine barracks, Norfolk, Va. ;
marine barracks, Philadelphia, Pa.; marine
barracks, San Diego, Cal.; marine corps rifle
range, Winthrop, Md.
Marine barracks, Quantico, Va. — A large
tract of land was leased here soon after the
beginning of the war and buildings have been
constructed to accommodate about 6,500 men.
The greater proportion of recruits from the
training stations are transferred here, where
they are organized into companies, regiments,
etc.. and more advanced training given under
war conditions.
Marine barracks, Philadelphia, Pa.— At this
post are stationed organizations of the ad-
vanced base force, where the men are trained
in technical branches, such as aviation, sub-
marine mines, signal corps work, engineering,
heavy guns, etc.
Marine barracks, San Diego, Cal. — Companies
organized on the west coast are sent to San
Diego for advanced training.
Marine barracks, Norfolk, Va.— Detachments
for duty at sea are trained at this port.
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY AND MARINE CORPS.
Commander in Chief— President Woodrow Wil-
son.
Secretary of the Navy — Josephus Daniels.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy — Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
Chief of Naval ©perationa— Admiral William S.
NAVY.
Admirals.
William S. Benson. | W. B. Caperton.
Henry T. Mayo. I A. G. Winterhalter.
Vice-Admirals.
DeWitt Coffman. I Albert W. Grant.
William S. Sims.
Rear-Admirals.
W. Ii. Capps.
Frederic R. Harris.
Austin M. Knight.
James M. Helm. '
Nathaniel R. Usher.
Frank F. Fletcher.
Wythe M. Parks.
Walter F. Worthington.
Charles F. Pond.
Walter McLean.
Reynold T. Hall.
William F. Fullam.
Augustus F. Fechteler.
Albert Gleaves.
Thomas S. Rodgera.
James H. Glennon.
Thomas Snowden.
Emil Theiss.
Albert P. Niblack.
John A. Hoogewerif.
William B. Fletcher.
Marbury Johnston.
Henry B. Wilson.
William C. Braisted.
Charles W. Parks.
Robert S. Griffin.
Thomas W. Kinkaid.
Spencer S. Wood.
Joseph L. Jayne.
Charles W. Dyson.
Cla.repce S. Williams.
John D. McDonald.
Christian J. Peoples.
Newton A. McCully.
Henry F. Bryon.
Andrew T. Long.
Thomas Washington.
Guy H. Burrage.
Ashley H. Robertson.
Carlo B. Brittain.
Samuel S. Robinson.
George R. Clark.
William A. Gill.
Harold P. Norton.
Gustav Kaemmerlingr.
Alexander S. Halstead.
Roger Welles.
MARINE CORPS.
Commandant.
Mai .-Gen. George Barnett.
Major-Generals.
George Barnett. I Littleton W. T. Waller.
John A. Lejeune.
Brigadier-Generals.
Charles P. Plunkett.
William H. R. Bullard.
Joseph W. Oman.
Philip Andrews.
Joseph S. McKean.
Ben ton C. Decker.
Mark L. Bristol.
William S. Smith.
William R. Shoemaker.
Joseph Straus.
Edward W. Eberle.
Robert E. Koontz.
Albert M. D. McCor-
mick.
Robert M. O. Kennedy.
Hilary P. Jones.
C. H. Lauchheimer
George Richards.
Joseph H. Pendleton.
Charles L. McCawley.
Eli K. Cole.
James E. Mahoney.
Charles G. Long.
Ben H. Fuller.
Wendell C. Neville.
Cyrus S. Radford.
John T. Myers.
Albertus W. Catlin.
GERMAN SHIPS IN UNITED STATES SERVICE.
When the United States declared war on
Germany, April 6, 1917, the large number of
German liners and merchant ships which had
been interned in American ports were seized.
All of them had been damaged more or less
seriously, but repairs were effected as speedily
as possible. The larger and faster ships, which
were placed in commission as part of the navy,
were given new names. The list follows:
German name. American name.
Vaterland U. S. S. Leviathan.
Amerika U. S. S. America.
Andromeda U. S. S. Bath.
Barbarossa U. S. S. Mercury.
Breslau .U.S. S. Bridgeport.
Cincinnati* U. S. S. Covington.
Frieda Leonhart .U. S. S. Astoria.
Friedrich der Grosse. . IT. S. S. Huron.
Geiert CT. S. S. Schurz.
George Washington. .. .U. S. S. George Washing-
ton.
Grosser Kurfurst .U. S. S. /Bolus.
Grunewald U. S. S. Gen. George W.
Goethnls.
Hamburg1 U. S. S. Powhatan.
Hermes U. S. S. Hermes.
Hohenfelde U. S. S. Long Beach.
Kiel D. S. S. Camden.
German name. American name.
Kaiser Wilhelm II CT. S. S. Agamemnon.
Koenig Wilhelm II U. S. S. Madawaska.
Kronprinz Wilhelm U. S. S. von Steuben.
Kronprinzessin Cecilie.U. S. S. Mount Vernon.
Liebenfels U. S. S. Houston.
Locksun U. S. S. Gulf port.
Neckar U.S.S. Antigone.
Nicaria U. S. S. Pensacola.
Odenwald U. S. S. Newport News.
Praesident U.S.S. Kittery.
Praesident Grant U. S. S. President Grant.
Praesident Lincoln* . . .U. S. S. President Lincoln.
Prinzess Irene U.S.S. Pocahontas.
Prinz Eitel Friedrich . .U. S. S. Dekalb.
Rhein U. S. S. Susquehanna.
Rudolph Blumberg U. S. S. Beaufort.
Saxonia U. S. S. Savannah.
Staatssekraetar Solf . ..U. S. S. Samoa.
"Vogensen U. S. S. Quincy.
Repaired by Shipping Board.
The ships taken over and repaired by the
shipping board, with their German and Amer-
ican names, are as follows:
Gorman name. American name.
Allemannia Owasco.
O. J. D. Ahlers Monticello.
492
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
German name. American name.
Adamsturm Actseon.
Arnallas Vinnon Chillicothe.
Atlas (No name.)
Armenia (No name.)
Arcadia (No name.)
Andalusia (No name.)
Adelheid (No name.)
Bulgaria (No name.)
Borneo Nipsic.
Bohemia Artemis.
Bochum Montpelier.
Bavaria (No name.)
Calabaria (No name.)
Carl Diederichsen Raritan.
Clara Jebsen Tiogra.
Clara Mennig- Y odkin.
Coblenz Sachem.
Constantia (No name.)
Dobek Monongahela.
Darvel Wamsutta.
Elmshorn Casco.
Elsass Appelas.
Esslingen Nyanza.
Farn Gerraux Farn Gerraux.
Gouverneur Jaeschke Watoira.
Holsatia Tippecanoe.
Harburg1 Pawnee.
Indra Tonawanda.
Johanne losco.
Koln Amphion.
Kurt Hochulu.
German name. American name.
Loongmoon Coosa.
Lyeemoon Quantico.
Magrdebure Neuse.
Mark Suwanee.
Mia Oconee.
Mattador Montaub.
Marudu Yazoo.
Nassovia Isonomia,
Neptun Minnow.
Ottawa Muscoota.
Olivant (No name.)
Ockenf els Pequot.
Prinz Eitel Friedrich (Ham-
burg-American Line) Oswegro
Prinzess Alice Matoika.
Pennsylvania Manasemond.
Pisa Ascutney.
Pongtong' Quinnebatiff.
Portonia Yucca
Prinz Joachim Moccasin.
Pnnz Oskar Orion
Prinz Sigismund Gen. Gorgaa.
Pnnz Waldemar Wacouta.
Pommern Rappahannocb.
gajah Rajah.
Rheatia Black Hawk.
Sachsen* Chattahoochee.
Sachsenwald Gen. Ernst.
Sambia Tunica.
'Subsequently torpedoed and sunk. tSunk
in collision.
WARSHIP TONNAGE OF PRINCIPAL NAVAL POWERS.
Number and displacement of warships, built and
building, of 1,500 or more tons, and of torpedo
craft of more than fifty tons. From table pre-
pared by the office of naval intelligence, United
States navy department, July 1, 1914. Owing to
the war in Europe no later official information
relating to the navies of the belligerent powers
is available. It may be noted that while some
of these powers have lost many ships they have
continued building new ones. Information, so
far as permissible, is given elsewhere in this
volume as to the present status of the United
States navy.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Type. Number. Tonnage.
Dreadnoughts (built) 20 423,350
Dreadnoughts (building) 16 421,750
Predreadnoughts 40 589,385
Battle cruisers (built) 9 187,800
Battle cruisers (building) 1 28,500
Armored cruisers 34 406,800
Other cruisers (built) 74 382,815
Other cruisers (building) 17 67,000
Destroyers (built) 167 125,850
Destroyers (building) 21 21,770
Torpedo boats 49 11,488
Submarines (built) 75 30,362
Submarines (building) 22 17,236
Total 545 2,714,106
GERMANY.
Dreadnoughts (built) 13 285,770
Dreadnoughts (building) 7 187.164
Predreadnoughts 20 242,800
Coast defense vessels 2 8,168
Battle cruisers (built).? 4 88,749
Battle cruisers (building). 4 112,000
Armored cruisers 9 94,245
Other cruisers (built) 41 150,747
Other cruisers (building) 5 26,900
Destroyers (built) 130 67,094
Destroyers (building) 24 14,400
Submarines (built) 27 14,140
Submarines (building) 18 18,400
Total 304 1,306.577
UNITED STATES.
Dreadnoughts (built) 8 189,650
Dreadnoughts (building) 4 117,800
Predreadnoughts 22 309,282
Coast defense vessels 4 12,900
Armored cruisers 11 149,295
Other cruisers 14 66,410
Type. Number.
Destroyers (built) 51
Destroyers (building) u
Torpedo boats 13
Submarines (built) ; 30
Submarines (building) 19
Total is?"
FRANCE.
Dreadnoughts (built) 4
Dreadnoughts (building) 8
Predreadnoughts ' 18
Coast defense vessels '.. 1
Armored cruisers 20
Other cruisers 9
Destroyers (built) 84
Destroyers (building) 3
Torpedo boats 135
Submarines (built) 64
Submarines (building) 22
Total 368~
JAPAN.
Dreadnoughts (built) 2
Dreadnoughts (building) 4
Predreadnoughts 13
Coast defense vessels 2
Battle cruisers (built) 2
Battle cruisers (building) 2
Armored cruisers 13
Other cruisers 13
Destroyers (built) 60
Destroyers (building) 2
Torpedo boats 27
Submarines (built) 13
Submarines (building) 2
Total 145
RUSSIA.
Dreadnoughts (building) 7
Predreadnoughts 7
Coast defense vessels 2
Battle cruisers (building) 4
Armored cruisers 6
Other cruisers (built) 9
Other cruisers (building) 8
Destroyers (built) 91
Destroyers (building) 44
Torpedo boats 14
Submarines (built) v 30
Submarines (building) 19
Total 241
Tonnage.
35,068
11,956
2,528
92,368
193,656
262,675
8,800
201,724
46,095
35,812
2,653
13,426
27,940
14,766
899,915
41,600
122,400
191,380
9,086
55,000
55,000
138,483
57,915
20,487
1,676
3,017
2,672
1,200
699.916
159,409
98,750
10,380
128,000
63,500
52,845
53,600
36,748
53,664
2,132
6,506
13,284
678,818
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
493
ITALY.
Type. Number. Tonnage.
Dreadnoughts (built) 3 62,644
Dreadnoughts (building) 7 187.150
Predreadnoughts 8 96,100
Armored cruisers 9 74,020
Other cruisers (built) 6 18,830
Other cruisers (building) 2 4,888
Destroyers (built) 36 16,807
Destroyers (building) 15 14,203
Torpedo boats (built) 68 11,584
Torpedo boats (building) 2
Submarines (built) 19 5,475
Submarines (building) 8 5,842
Total 183 497,815
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
Dreadnoughts (built i 3
Dreadnoughts (building) 4
Coast defense vessels 6
Predreadnoughts 6
Armored cruisers 2
Other cruisers (built) 5
Other cruisers (building) 5
Destroyers '. 18
Torpedo boats (built) 39
Torpedo boats (building) 24
Submarines (built) 6
Submarines (building) 6
Total . ...124
60,030
93,510
41,700
74,613
13,380
13,815
21,216
9,450
6,852
5,886
1,686
5,370
347,508
ARMIES AND NAVIES OF THE WORLD.
[Data from Statesman's Year-Book, Brassey's
Naval Annual and other sources.]
ARMIES (PEACE STRENGTH).
Country.
Abyssinia
Afghanistan . . .
Argentine Rep..
Australia*
Men.
250,000
60,000
24,000
235,606
Austria-Hungary 424.348
Belgium 47.603
Bolivia 3,153
Brazil 25,000
Bulgaria 59,900
Canada* 73,900
Chile 27.200
China 500,000
Colombia 6,000
Costa Rica 38,946
Cuba 11.444
Denmark 13,720
Ecuador 7,810
Egypt 17,000
France 790,000
806,026
809,403
59.773
5.000
Country. Men.
Japan 250,000
Mexico 29.543
Montenegro 30,000
Nepal
Netherlands
Nicaragua .
Norway t ...
Panama
Paraguay . .
Persia
Peru
Portugal . . .
Roumania
30,000
22,955
4,000
110,000
2,600
50,000
6,500
30,000
130,138
Russia 1,300,000
Salvador 16,144
Santo Domingo. 700
Serbia 361,747
Siam 12,000
Spain 140.760
Sweden —
Switzerland
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Guatemala ...
Haiti
Honduras
Italy 305,023
•Militia. tTroops of the line. {Authorized
strength, July, 1916.
NAVIES (WAR CRAFT OF ALL KINDS).
Turkey
United States*..
Uruguay
Venezuela
260,000
210,000
130,904
10,400
9,400
Country. Ships.
Argentine Rep 37
Australia 11
Austria-Hutigary* ...119
Brazil 35
Chile 31
China 6
Colombia 11
Costa Rica 2
Cuba 2
Ecuador 3
France* 404
Germany* 309
Great Britain* 693
Greece 36
Haiti 3
Itnly* 185
Japnn 165
Country. Ships.
Nicaragua 10
Norway 27
Paraguay 3
Peru 16
Portugal 29
Roumania 28
Russia* 185
Siam 21
Spain 37
Sweden 69
Santo Domingo 1
Turkey* 35
Fnited Statest 356
r'niRiiny 2
Venezuela 6
*In 1914. tin August,
1916.
LAW TO EXCLUDE ANAKCHJSTS.
The following- bill to exclude and expel from
the United States aliens who are members of
anarchistic and similar classes was passed by
congress and approved Oct. 16. 1918:
"Be it enacted, etc.. That aliens who are
anarchists: aliens who believe in or advocate
the overthrow by force or violence of the gov-
ernment of the United States or of all forms
of law; aliens who disbelieve in or are op-
posed to all organized government; aliens who
advocate or teach the assassination of public
officials; aliens who advocate or teach the un-
lawful destruction of property; aliens who
are members of or affiliated with any organ-
ization that entertains a belief in, teaches, or
advocates the overthrow by force or violence
of the government of the United States or
of all forms of law. or that entertains or
teaches disbelief in or opposition to all or-
ganized government, or that advocates the
duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful
assaulting1 or killing- of any officer or officers,
either of specific individuals or of officers gen-
erally, of the government of the United States
or of any other organized g-overnment, be-
cause of his or their official character, or
that advocates or teaches the unlawful de-
struction of property shall be excluded from
admission into the United States.
"Sec. 2. That any alien who, at any time
after entering the United States, is found to
have been at the time of entry, or to have
become thereafter, a member of any one of
the classes of aliens enumerated in section 1
of this act, shall, upon the warrant of the
secretary of labor, be taken into custody and
deported in the manner provided in the immi-
gration act of Feb. 5, 1917. The provisions
of this section shall be applicable to the classes
of aliens mentioned in this act irrespective of
the time of their entry into the United States.
"Sec. 3. That any alien who shall, after
he has been excluded and Reported or arrest-
ed and deported in pursuance of the pro-
visions of this act, thereafter return to or en-
ter the United States or attempt to return
to or to enter the United States shall be
deemed guilty of a felony, and upon convic-
tion thereof shall be punished by imprison-
ment for a term of not more than five years;
and shall, <upon the termination of such im-
pnsonment, be taken into custody, upon the
warrant of the secretary of labor, and de-
ported in the manner provided in the immi-
gration act of Feb. 5, 1917."
In a report recommending the adoption of
the foregoing1 act the house committee on
immigration and naturalization explained ita
purpose in this way:
"Under section 19 of the act of Feb. 5, 1917.
aliens who were members 01 the anarchistic
classes at the time of entering1 the United
States cannot be deported after they have
been in this country for five years; and it is
only those who may be found advocating- or
teaching anarchy, or overthrow of government,
or assassination of public officials, or unlaw-
ful destruction of property that can be de-
ported at any time after entry. This limita-
tion upon the power to deport has proved a
serious handicap to the department of labor,
as it has been found that many of the most
implacable and seditious enemies of our gov-
ernment, especially since war was declared,
are aliens of the anarchistic classes who have
been here for more than five years. With
a view to getting- rid of such marplots it is
desirable that tho time limit shall be removed
altpgether, and that the law shall be retro-
active as to such aliens, as section 2 of the
bill now reported is."
NUMBER OF THE STARS.
According to the best astronomers the number
of stars that can be seen by a person of average
eyesight is only about 7,000. The number visible
through the telescope has been estimated by
.T. E. Gore at 70,000,000 and by Profs. Newcomb
end Young at 100,000,000.
491
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
ARMY AND MILITIA OF THE UNITED
, 1912 , , 1913
STATES BEFORE THE WAR.
•> / 1914 ^ , 1915 v , 1916
Officer
s. Men.
Officer
s. Men.
Officers
i. Men.
Officers
i. Men.
Officers
. Men.
Regular array
4.470
81,331
4,665
81,787
4,701
87,781
4,616
94,765
4.843
97,013
Philippine scouts....
180
5.4801
180
5,403
182
5,096
182
6,430
182
5.603
State or territory.
Mil
-ITIA.
Alabama
213
3,212
178
2,391
163
2,609
164
2,615
166
2.391
Arizona
51
491,
45
477
45
645
53
742
54
866
Arkansas
139
1.328
111
1,248
109
1,402
105
1,547
81
834
California
234
3,191
252
3,360
252
3,604
249
3,440
245
3.218
Colorado
110
1,408
137
1,309
122
1,933
119
1,637
58
770
Connecticut
188'
'• 2.535
184
2,457
177
2,511
195
2,772
227
K.476
Delaware
34
339
41
441
41
465
40
450
35*
426
District of Columbia
134
1,396
139
1,507
124
1,721
129
1,847
94
1,741
Florida
100
1.145
93
1,127
73
1,075
95
1,320
85
1,181
Georgia
237
2.676
223
2,675
225
2,490
229
2,714
225
2.859
Hawaii
47
569
39
426
56
858
61
905
93
2.548
Idaho
57
799
50
790
58
839
58
946
63
901
Illinois
521
5.586
506
5,408
508
5,447
522
5,550
500
6.099
Indiana
192
2.200
179
2,297
, 169
2,109
132
2,077
150
2.411
Iowa
215
2.825
213
2,768
217
3,014
211
•3,092
218
3,182
Kansas
138
1,741
130
1,694
132
1,720
123
1,812
127
1.925
Kentucky
145
1.580
170
1,843
164
2,210
168
2,329
170
2.252
Louisiana
119
1.860
60
1,082
65
1,009
68
1,044
63
1,119
Maine
106
1,356
109
1,339
108
1,404
101
1,288
111
1.423
Maryland
160
1,706
173
1,799
157
1,986
156
1,917
168
2,024
Massachusetts
443
5.421
452
5,341
424
5,369
426
5,653
418
6.600
Michigan
215
2.596
199
2,551
189
2,478
188
2,773
220
3.430
Minnesota
210
2.655
218
2,724
220
3,243
227
3,280
210
2,889
Mississippi
106
1.188
116
1,327
94
990
78
1,127
71
1,085
Missouri
262
2.995
256
3,320
244
3,840
227
3,872
207
3.746
Montana
61
728
53
557
40
636
45
663
50
734
Nebraska
118
1,171
134
1,038
132
1,384
119
1,474
110
1,507
New Hampshire
92
1.171
94
1,164
90
1,280
91
1,323
83
1.175
New Jersey
345
3.934
330
4,052
304
4,014
296
4,176
301
4.021
New Mexico
64
700
49
599
57
910
60
851
67
867
New York
990
14,477
1,056
14,901
974
15,591
1,002
15,607
1.014
15,309
North Carolina
230
2,208
251
2,317
209
2,367
211
2,809
208
2,846
North Dakota
"53
614
52
577
60
679
56
676
55
735
Ohio
518
5,462
529
5,611
490
5,637
487
5,309
492
5.916
Oklahoma
59
939
»56
896
77
1,330
69
1,026
70
966
Oregon
102
1.362
109
1,358
100
1,401
104
1,622
96
1.595
Pennsylvania
743
9,705
768
9,766
745
10,190
762
10,266
701
9,450
Rhode Island
100
1,257
106
1,252
96
1,303
90
1,316
90
1,527
South Carolina
177
1.792
154
1,755
156
1,794
136
1,589
102
1,424
South Dakota
83
787
, 71
608
68
873
67
975
65
857
Tennessee
128
1.735
127
1,707
117
1,798
107
1,639
113
1.634
Texas
171
2.578
174
2,387
192
2,731
145
2,091
185
2.720
Utah
34
339
31
323
29
419
32
566
32
546
Vermont
71
810
72
773
75
817
73
730
76
878
Virginia
Washington
190
87
2,237
1.205
207
91
2,492
1,147
206
88
2,606
1,312
200
86
2,703
1,234
197
90
2.808
1.358
West Virginia
100
1,218
100
1,283
104
1,517
117
1,607
106
1,505
Wisconsin
197
2.892
195
2,768
193
2,931
196
3,095
192
3.247
Wyoming •
53
48
640
54
760
34
598
35
579
Total
9.142
112,710
9,130
111,672
8.792
119,251
8,705
120,693
8.589
123.605
NAVY AND NAVAL
MILITIA.
/ l£
112 ,
, ]
913 .
v , 1
914
•w 1
915
M 19
16 %
Officer
3. Men.
Officer:
3. Men.
Officers
. Men.
Officers
. Men.
Officers,
, Men.
Navy '•
3,114
46,651
3,505
48,068
3,711
52,667
3,780
52,561
4.134
77.956
Marine corps
319
9.567
330
9,757
341
9,888
344
9,968
646
14.981
State or territory.
Kj
4.VAL
MILIT]
[A.
California
58
606
61
634
64
634
64
785
68
882
Connecticut
21
221
21
202
22
258
19
306
24
343
District of Columbia
12
131
12
139
13
208
12
211
12
200
Florida
14
134
16
133
16
73
11
78
26
378
Hawaii
7
100
Illinois
50
587
40
505
45
549
41
582
39
628
14
216
17
292
Disl
Louisiana
46
644
27
346
26
330
28
285
22
315
Maine
9
104
6
120
10
175
11
154
17
148
Maryland
16
141
18
139
18
132
18
184
23
198
Massachusetts
42
541
42
640
45
603
46
651
60
836
Michigan
41
434
40
502
43
427
37
392
. 39
581
Minnesota
12
186
17
222
17
174
27
377
28
446
Missouri
16
210
15
211
19
184
18
220
16
234
New Jersey
29
377
30
395
29
361
30
430
28
479
New York
72
1.096
80
1,209
84
1,351
90
1,341
93
1.712
North Carolina •
44
265
42
271
43
332
49
333
19
132
Ohio
23
319
23
285
18
229
20
258
21
302
Oregon
21
214
as
226
14
228
12
168
15
233'
Pennsylvnnia
13
213
17
208
12
180
15
161
15
151
Rhode Island
18
162
16
193
14
182
14
189
15
196
South Carolina
21
179
18
146
14
103
15
207
21
176
Texas
10
136
Washington
13
193
21
A.83
17
305
20
310
20
364
Wisconsin
10
112
13
145
13
114
9
84
Disbanded.
Total naval militia
615
7.185
615
7,446
596
7,132
606
7,706
638
9.170
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
495
UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY.
West Point, N. Y.
The United States military academy is a school
for the practical and theoretical training of cadets
for the military service of the United States.
When any cadet haa completed the course of
four years satisfactorily
he is eligible for pro-
motion and commission
a second lieutenant
in any arm or corps in
the army in which there
may be a vacancy, the
luties of which he may
:iave been judged com-
petent to perform.
Appointments — Each
congressional district
and territory, including
Porto Rico, Alaska and Hawaii, is entitled to
have two cadets at the academy. The District of
Columbia has two. Each state is also entitled
to have four cadets from the state at large and
eighty are allowed from the United States at
large. The president is also authorized to ap-
point not to exceed 180 men from the regular
army and. national guard who have served for
one year. The total number in the academy in
September, 1918, was 683. The appointments from
a congressional district are made upon the recom-
mendation of the representative In congress from
that district and those from the state at large
state. The appointments for the United States
at large are made by the president upon his own
selection. The appointments from the District of
Columbia are made on the recommendation of the
on the recommendation of the resident commis-
,
ature, descriptive and physical geography and
neral and United States history.
sioner. Appointments are made one year in ad-
vance of admission. For each candidate ap-
pointed two alternates should be nominated. Four
cadets from the Philippines are admitted.
Examinations— On the second Tuesday in Janu-
ary of each year the candidate selected for ap-
pointment must appear for mental and physical
examination before boards of army officers at
such places as the war department may desig-
nate. Candidates who pass will be admitted to
the academy on March 1 following.
Mental Requirements— Each candidate must
show that he Is well versed in algebra, to in-
clude quadratic equations and progressions, plane
geometry, English grammar, composition and lit-
er
ge .
Physical Requirements— No candidate will be,
admitted who is under 16 or over 20 years of age,
or less than five feet four inches in height at the
age of 17, or five feet five inches at the age of
18 and upward, or who Is deformed or afflicted
with any disease or infirmity which would render
him unfit for military service. Candidates must
be unmarried.
Pay— The pay of a cadet Is $600 a year and one
ration a day, or commutation therefor at 30 cents
a day. The total is $709.50, to begin with his
admission to the academy. No cadet is allowed
to receive money or other supplies from his
parents or from any other person without the
sanction of the superintendent.
Enlistment— Before receiving his warrant of
appointment a candidate for admission is required
to sign an agreement to serve in the army of the
United States eight years from the time of his
admission to the academy.
UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY.
Annapolis, Md.
The United States naval academy Is a school for
the practical and theoretical training of young
men for the naval service of the United States.
The students are styled midshipmen. The course
of study Is six years-
four years at the acad-
emy and two years at
sea— at the expiration
of which time the ex-
amination for final grad-
uation takes place. Mid-
shipmen who pass are
appointed to fill vacan-
cies in the lower grade
of the line of the navy,
and occasionally to fill
vacancies In the marine
corps and in certain of
the staff corps of the navy.
Appointments — Five
midshipmen are allowed
for each senator, repre-
sentative and delegate
in congress, two for the
District of Columbia,
fifteen each year from
the United States at large and 100 from en-
listed men of the navy. The appointments from
the District of Columbia and from enlisted men
of the navy are made by the president. One
midshipman is allowed from Porto Rico, who
must be a native of that island. The appoint-
ment is made by the president on the recom-
mendation of the governor of Porto Rico. Can-
didates must be actual residents of the districts
from which they are nominated.
Examinations — Two examinations for the ad-
mission of midshipmen are held each year. The
first is held on the third Tuesday In April under
the supervision of the civil service commission
at certain specified points in each state and ter-
ritory. All those qualifying mentally, who are
entitled to appointment in order of nomination.
will be notified by the superintendent of the
naval academy when to report at the academy
for physical examination, and if physically qual-
ified will be appointed. The second and last ex-
amination Is held on the third Tuesday in June
at Annapolis, Md. Alternates are given the priv-
ilege of reporting for mental examination at the
same time as the principals. Examination papers
are all prepared at the academy and the exami-
nations of candidates are finally passed upon by
the academic board. Certificates from colleges
and high schools will not be accepted in lieu of
the entrance examinations at the naval academy.
Mental Requirements — Candidates will be ex-
amined in punctuation, spelling, arithmetic, ge-
ography, English grammar, United States his-
tory, world's history, algebra through quadratic
equations and plane geometry (five books of
Chauvenet's geometry or an equivalent).
Physical Requirements — All candidates must, at
the time of their examination for admission, be
between the ages of 16 and 20 years. A candi-
date is eligible for appointment the day he be-
comes 16 and is ineligible on the day he becomes
20 years of age. Candidates are required to he
of good moral character, physically sound, well
formed and of robust constitution. The height of
candidates for admission must not be less than
five feet two inches between the ages of 16 and
18 years, and not less than five feet four Inches
between the ages of 18 and 20 years. The mini-
mum weight at 16 years is 105 pounds, with an
increase of five pounds for each additional year
or fraction of a year over one-half. Candidates
must be unmarried.
Pay— The pay of a midshipman Is $600 a year,
beginning at the date of his admission. Mid-
shipmen must supply themselves with clothing,
books, etc., the total expense of which amounts
to $280.64. Traveling expenses to the academy
are paid by the government.
Enlistment — Each midshipman on admission Is
required to sign articles by which he binds him-
self to serve In the United States navy eight
years (including his time of probation at the
naval academy).
496
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.
Commander-in-Chief— President Woodrow Wil-
son.
Secretary of War — Newton D. Baker.
Assistant Secretary of War — William M. In-
graham.
Assistant Secretary— Benedict Crowell.
Second Assistant Secretary— Edward R. Stet-
tinius.
Third Assistant Secretary— Frederick P. Kep-
Assistant and Chief Clerk— John C. Schofield.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Generals.
John J. Pershing. Peyton C. March.
Tasker H. Bliss.
Lieutenant-Generals.
Hunter Ligget. Robert L. Bullard.
Major-Generals, Etc.
The names of the major-generals and brig-
adier-generals connected with the American
1st army in France are given elsewhere. There
was such a constant change in rank in the
way of promotion in 1918 that it has been
found impracticable to name all holding these
ranks in the military service of the United
States. Many of those advanced in rank for
the emergency with the coming of peace
will revert to their original rank if in the
regular army.
CHIEFS OF BUREAUS. ETC.
Following is a list as it stood Nov. 13, 1918,
of the officers and civilians who directed
the complicated machinery of the war de-
partment -in motion dwing the most critical
period of the war.
Adjutant-General — Maj. Gen. Peter C. Harris.
Industrial Furlough Section — Darragh De
Lancey, chief.
Aircraft Production — John D. Ryan, director.
Chemical Warfare Service — Maj .-Gen. W. L.
Sibert,- chief.
Board of Review — Francis Blossom, chairman.
Coast Artillery— Maj. -Gen. Frank W. Coe, chief.
Construction Division — Brig.-Gen. Richard C.
Marshall, chief.
Depot Quartermaster — Col. JL. C. Scherer.
Engineer Corps — Maj. -Gen. W. M. Black, chief.
Field Artillery — Brig.-Gen. Wm. J. Snow, chief.
General Staff — Gen. Peyton C. March, chief.
Principal Assistant — Maj .-Gen. Frank C. Mc-
Intyre.
Assistant Chief— Maj. -Gen. G. W. Goethals.
Military Intelligence — Brig.-Gen. M. Churchill,
chief.
Morale Branch— Brig.-Gen. E. L. Munson,
chief.
Operations Division — Maj .-Gen. Henry Jervey,
director.
Executive Officer — Col. James G. Stease.
Personnel Branch — Brig.-Gen. P. P. Bishop,
"in charge.
Procurement Section — Lieut. -Col. Jay L.
Benedict, chief.
Purchase, Storage and Traffic Division — Maj.-
Gen. George W. Goethals, director.
Finance Division — Herbert M. Lord, director.
Accounts Branch— Lieut.-Col. S. H. Wolfe.
Administrative Branch — R. O. Kloeber.
Disbursement Branch — Col. Perrin L. Smith.
Deposits and Allotment Branch — Lieut.-Col.
Edward Clifford.
Finance Control Branch — George E. Frazer
Purchase and Storage — Brig.-Gen. R. E
Wood, director.
Executive Officer — Lieut.-Col. B. li. Jacob-
son.
Statistical Division— Maj. E. J. Fowler.
Surplus Stock Division— L. H. Hartman.
Purchase Division — Ma]. -Gen. Wm. Rose.
Clothing and Equipage — Malcolm Donald
chief.
General Supplies Division — W. A. Graham,
Machinery and Engineering Materials — Lieut.-
Col. Earl Wheeler, chief.
Medical and Hospital Supplies Division — Col.
C. R. Darnall, chief.
Motors and Vehicles — Col. Fred Glover.
Raw Materials— Col. George E. Warran. chief.
Remount Purchase Division — Col. Letcher
Hardeman.
Requirements Division — Maj. J. R. Orton.
Storage Division— Cpl. F. B. Wells, director.
Administrative Division — W. R. De Field,
chief.
Domestic Distribution — Lieut.-Col. J. F.
Plummer.
Domestic Operations — Lieut.-Col. G. M. Mc-
Connell.
Overseas Distribution Division— Lieut.-Col.
Tyssowski, chief.
Port Operation Division — Col. G. E. Hum-
phreys.
Salvage Division — Philip E. Wrenn.
Traffic Division (Embarkation) — Brig.-Gen.
F. T. Hine.
Inland Transport — H. M. Adams, director.
Real Estate and Rental Board— Maj. C. F.
Cooke.
War Plans, Army War College — Brig^-Gen. Lytle
Brown.
Training and Instruction — Col. R. J. Fleming.
Education and Special Training Committee —
Col. R. I. Rees.
Business Department — E. K. Hall, manager.
Civilian Advisory Board — Dr. C. R. Mann,
chairman.
Educational Department — Dr. C. R. Mann,
director.
College Training Division — Dr. R. C. Mac-
Lauren, director.
War Aims Section — Dr. Frank Aydelotte.
Vocational Training Division — C. R. Dovley.
Military Administration (Training Depart-
ment)— Col. G. 'Clark, executive officer.
Housing and Health Divisions — Capt. Julius I.
Peyser, chief.
Inspector General, Office of — Maj. -Gen. John
L. Chamberlin.
Insular Affairs — Maj. -Gen. Frank Mclntyre.
chief.
Brig.-Gen. Chas. C. Walcutt, Jr., acting- chief .
Invention Board — Col. C. H. Hilton.
Judge-Advocate
Crowder.
General — Maj .-Gen. E. H.
Military Aeronautics — Maj .-Gen. W. L. Kenly.
Militia Bureau — Brig.-Gen. J. W. Heavey,
acting chief.
Motor Transport Corps — Col. Charles B. Drake.
chief.
Nitrate Commission — Dr. Arthur A. Noyes,
chairman.
Ordnance and Fortification, Board of — T. M.
McKee, secretary.
Ordnance Department — Gen. Clark C. Williams,
acting chief. »
Administration Division — Col. W. W. Gibson,
chief.
Arsenals, Director of — Brig.-Gen. John L.
Thompson.
Engineering Division — Brig.-Gen. J. W. Burr,
chief.
Estimates and Requirements Division — Col. J.
F. Crabbs, chief.
Information Division — Maj. H. E. Atterbury,
chief.
Inspection Division — Col. H. W. Schull, acting1
chief.
Metallurgical Committee — Dr. G. W. Sargent.
Nitrate Division — Col. John W. Joyes. • chief .
Procurement Division — Col., Robert P. La-
mont, chief.
Supply Division — Col. J. C. Hickman.
Panama Canal — A. L. Glint, general purchas-
ing officer and chief.
Provost Marshal General — Maj. -Gen. E. H.
Crowder.
Quartermaster General — Brig.-Gen. Robert E.
Wood, acting1.
Assistant to Acting Quartermaster General-
Col. R. M. Schofield.
Bakery Organizations Branch — Capt. James
Casselbcrry.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
497
Cemeterial Branch— Maj. H. R. Lemky.
Civilian Personnel Branch — Mai. Franklin D.
Shawn.
Commissioned Personnel — Maj. Henry O. Ben-
son.
Departmental Personnel Branch — Capt. E. A.
Farrell.
Enlisted Personnel— Maj. Charles W. Diets.
Labor Organization Branch — Col. William G.
Austin.
Office Service Branch— Maj. A. A. Cedarwald.
Remount Operating Branch— Col. L. Hardman.
Signal Corps— Maj. -Gen. G. O. Sauire.
Surgeon-General-Major— Gen. M. W. Ireland.
Tank Corps— Col. Ira C. Welborn. director.
War Credits Board— Lieut.-Col. W. H.
Thompson, president.
OF GENERAL,.
The rank of general in the United Statea
army has been held by the following:
George Washington. John J. Pershing.
Ulysses S. Grant. Tasker H. Bliss.
William T. Sherman. Peyton C. March.
Philip H. Sheridan.
RANK OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL.
The rank of lieutenant-general in the United
States army has been held by the following:
George Washington. Samuel B. M. Young.
Ulysses S. Grant. Adna R. Chaffee.
William T. Sherman. John C. Bates.
Philip Sheridan. Henry C. Corbin.
John M. Schofield. Hunter Liggett.
Nelson A. Miles. Robert L. Billiard.
THE AMERICAN FIRST ARMY AT THE FRONT.
Though America had three armies fully or-
ganized on the western battle front in Europe
before the war came to an end, the 1st
army saw the bulk of the fighting, and because
of this and for historical purposes the offi-
cers and units composing its corps, divisions,
brigades and regiments are given herewith in
detail. It may be said that after the 2d and
3d armies were organized the complexion of
the 1st army was changed to a large extent
but as it existed in September. 1918. during
some of the most fateful days of the great
conflict, it was constituted as shown in the
appended list:
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Commander-in-Chief— Gen. John J. Pershing.
Chief of Staff— Lieut.-Col. Hugh A. Drum.
Assistant Chiefs— Col. Robert McCleave, Lieut.-
Col. Jens Bugge, Lieut.-Col. Willey Howell.
Lieut.-Col. John L. DeWitt and Lieut.-Col.
Lewis H. Watkins.
Chief of Artillery— Maj .-Gen. Edward F. Mc-
Glachlin.
Adjutant-General—Col. Joseph F. Barnes.
Inspector-General—Col. Jacob C. Johnson.
Judge Advocate— Lieut.-Col. Blanton Winshlp.
Chief Quartermaster— Maj. George Luberoff.
Chief Surgeon — Col. Alexander N. Stark.
Chief Engineer— Brig.-Gen. J. J. Morrow.
Chief Signal Officer— Lieut.-Col. Parker Hitt.
Chief Ordnance Officer— Col. Edward P. O'Hern.
Chief of Motor Transport Corps— Col. William
H. Winters.
Chief of Air Service— Col. William Mitchell.
FIRST ARMY CORPS.
Maj .-Gen. Hunter «Liggett commandingr.
First division, regular army.
Second division, regular army.
Twenty-sixth division, national guard (New
Thirty-second division, national guard (Michi-
gan and Wisconsin). ,,*, ^
Forty-first division, national guard (Wash-
ington, Oregon, North Dakota. South Da-
kota, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana,
Idaho, Wyoming and Minnesota).
Forty-second division, national guard (Rain-
bow, troops from twenty-six states).
First Division.
Maj .-Gen. Charles P. Summerall commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Campbell King, chief of staff.
Maj. H. K. Loughry. adjutant-general.
First brigade of infantry (Maj. -Gen. John L.
Hines commanding)— 16th regiment of in-
fantry. Col. R. C. Langdon: 18th regiment
of infantry, Lieut.-Col. R. G. Rutherford:
2d machine gun battalion, Lieut.-Col. E. H.
Houghton.
Second brigade of infantry (Maj. -Gen. Beau-
mont B. Buck commanding-)— 26th regiment
of infantry. Col. W. A. Burnside: 28th regi-
ment of infantry, Lieut.-Col. Jesse M. Cutle-
son; 3d machine gun battalion, Maj. Chester
A. Davis.
First brigade of field artillery — 5th regiment
of field artillery, Liieut.-Col. Walter S. Stur-
gill; 6th regiment ot field artillery, Col.
E. D. Scott; 7th regiment of field artillery,
Lieut.-Col. Charles W. Harlow- 1st trench
mortar battery, Capt. Otis R. Hill.
Engineer troops — 1st regiment of engineers.
Col. Francis B. Wilby.
Signal troops — 2d field signal battalion, Maj.
Richard B. Paddock.
Division units — 1st division headquarters troop,
Capt. Ralph I. Sasse; 1st machine gun bat-
talion.
Second Division (U. M. C.).
Brig.-Gen. John E. LeJeune commanding.
Brig.-Gen. Preston Brown, chief of staff.
Second brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen, Han-
son E. Ely commanding) — 9th regiment of
infantry, Lieut.-Col. Ralph B. Lister; 23d
regiment of infantry, Lieut.-Col. M.C.Corey;
5th machine gun battalion, Maj. D' Alary
Fechet.
Fourth brigade of infantry, marines (Brig.'
Gen. John E. LeJeune commanding) — 5th
regiment of marines, Brig.-Gen. A. W. Cat-
lin; 6th regiment of marines. Col. Hiram
Bearse; 6th machine gun battalion (ma-
rines).
Second brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen.
A. J. Bowley commanding) — 12th regiment
of field artillery. Maj. Edwin M. Watson;
15th regiment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col.
Joseph P. Davis; 17th regiment of field ar-
tillery, Maj. William A. Pendelton, Jr.; 2d
trench mortar battery, Capt. Percy D. Betts.
Engineer troops — 2d regiment of engineers.
Col. William A. Mitchell.
Signal troops — 1st field signal battalion, Maj.
Frank K. Chapin.
Division units — 2d division headquarters troops,
Capt. V. E. Pritchard; 4th machine gun
battalion.
Twenty-Sixth, Division.
Maj .-Gen. Clarence R. Edwards commanding1.
Lieut.-Col. Cassius M. DoweJl. chief of staff.
Maj. Charles A. Stevens, adjutant-general.
Fifty-first brigade of Infantry (Brig.-Gen.
George H. Shelton commanding) — 101st reg-
iment of infantry. Col. E. L. Logan; 102d
regiment of infantry. Col. J. H. Parker;
102d machine gun battalion, Maj. John D.
Murphy.
Fifty-third brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. C.
H. Cole commanding) — 103d regiment of in-
fantry. Col. F. M. Hume; 104th regiment of
infantry. Lieut.-Col. Alfred F. Foote; 103d
machine gun: battalion, Maj. Arthur Ash-
worth.
Fifty- first brigade of field artillery (Brig1.-
Gen. D. E. Aultman commanding) — 101st
regiment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col. Rich-
ard K. Hate; 102d regiment of field artil-
lery. Col. M. E. Locke; 103d reeriment of
field artillery. Lieut.-Col. E. S. Chaffe; lOlal
trench mortar battery. Capt. Roger A. P.
Greene.
498
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Engineer troops — 101st regiment of engineers,
Col. George W. Bunnell.
Signal troops — 101st field signal battalion,
Maj. Paul W. Evans.
Division units — ^iOth division headquarters
troop, Capt. Bertrand W. Ashby; 101st ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. James L. Howard.
Thirty-Second Division.
Maj .-Gen. W. G. Haan commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Allen L. Brig-gs, chief of staff.
Maj. John H. Howard, adjutant-general.
Sixty-third! brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
William I). Connor commanding ) — 125th
regiment of infantry. Col. R. B. McCoy;
126th regiment of infantry. Col. J. B. West-
nedge; 120th machine gun battalion, Maj.
David E. Cieary.
Sixth-fourth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
E.' B. Winans commanding-) — 127th regi-
ment of inlantry, .Lieut .-Col. P. J. Zink;
128th regiment of infantry, Cpl. John
Turner; 121st machine gun battalion, Maj.
Stanley E. Piasecki.
Fifty-seventh brigade of field artillery (Brig.-
Gen. G. Leroy Irwin commanding) — 119th
regiment of field artillery, Col. C. B. Mc-
Cormick; 120th regiment of field artillery,
Col. Carl Penner; 121st regiment of field
artillery. Col. P. C. Westfahle; 107th trench
mortar battery, Capt. Otto ,A. Miller.
Engineer troops — 107th regiment of engineers.
Lieut.-Col. Luke H. Callarn.
Signal troops— 107th field signal battalion,
Maj. William M. Lewis.
Division units — 32d division headquarters
troop. Capt. Walter N. Gaudynski; 119th
machine gun battalion, Maj. Frank H.
Fowler.
Forty-First Division (Sunset).
Maj .-Gen. Robert Alexander commanding.
Col. Harry H. Tebbetts, chief of staff.
Maj. Herbert H. White, adjutant-general.
Thirty-first brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
Wilson B. Burtt commanding-) — 161st regi-
ment of infantry. Col. William M. Inglis;
162d regiment of infantry. Col. John L. May,
147th machine grin battalion, Maj. Edward
C. Geary, Jr.
Thirty-second brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
Edward Vollrath commanding) — 163d regi-
ment of infantry. Col. John J. McGuinness:
164th regiment of infantry. Col. John H.
Fraine; 148th machine gun battalion, Maj.
James M. Hartley.
Sixty-sixth brigade of field artillery— 146th
regiment of field artillery. Col. William H.
Edelbutt; 147th regiment of field artillery,
Col. Boyd Wales: 148th regiment of field
artillery, Col. Joseph W. Cavender; 116th
trench mortar battery.
Engineer troops— 116th regiment of engi-
neers, Col. M. L. Walker.
Signal troops-^ieth field signal battalion,
Maj. Jesse A'. Jackson.
Division units— 41st division headauarters
troop, Maj. John G. MacDonnell; 146th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Harry T. Lewis.
Forty-Second Division (Rainbow).
Maj. -Gen. C. T. Menoher commanding1.
Maj. Walter E. Powers, adjutant-general.
Thirty-third brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
M. Lanihan commanding) — 165th regiment
of infantry. Col. F. R. McCoy; 166th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. E. W. Hough; 150th
machine gun battalion.
Eighty-fourth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
R. A. Brown commanding) — 167th regiment
• infantry. Col. W. P. Screws; 168th regiment
of infantry, Col. E. R. Bennett; 151st ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Cooper D. Winn,
Jr.
Sixty-seventh brigade of field artillery (Brigv
Gen. G. C. Gatley commanding)-— 149th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. H. J. Reilly;
150th regiment of field artillery. Col. R. H.
Tyndall; 151st regiment of field artillery,
Col. G. E. Leach; 117th trench mortar bat-
tery, Capt. Robert J. Gill.
Engineer troops — 117th regiment of engineers.
Col. William Kelly.
Signal troops — 117th field signal battalion,
Maj. Ruby D. Garrett.
Division units — 42d division headquarters
troop, Capt.* Arthur W. Underwood; 149th
machine gun battalion, Maj. Quentiu 0.
Reitzel.
SECOND ARMY CORPS.
Maj .-Gen. Robert Lee Bullard commanding".
Fourth division, regular army.
Twenty-eighth division, national guard (Penn-
sylvania) .
Thirtieth division, national gnard (Tennessee.
North Carolina, South Carolina, District of
Columbia) .
Thirty-fifth division, national guard (Missouri
and Kansas) .
Seventy-seventh division, national army (New
York) .
Eighty-second division, national army (Georgia,
Alabama and Florida).
Fourth Division.
Maj. -Gen. Georgre H. Cameron commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Christian A. Bach, chief of staff.
Maj. Jesse D. Elliott, adjutant-general.
Seventh brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. B. A.
Poore commanding) — 39th regiment of in-
fantry. Col. F. C. Bolles; 47th regiment of
infantry. Col. S. S. Roudiez; llth machine
gun battalion, Lieut.-Col. Wm. G. Murchison.
Eighth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. E. E.
Booth commanding) — 58th regiment_of in-
fantry. Col. C. F. Armistead; 69th regiment
of infantry. Col. B. W. Atkinson; 12th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Francis R. Fuller.
Fourth brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen.
E. B. Babbitt commanding) — 13th regiment
of field artillery. Lieut.-Col. C. F. Cox; 16th
regiment of field artillery. Col. H. W. Butner;
77th regiment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col.
A. F. Commiskey; 4th trench mortar bat-
tery, Capt. Robert H. Ennis.
Engineer troops — 4th regiment of engineers,
Col. Albert H. Archer.
Signal troops— 8th field signal battalion. Maj.
Resolve P. Palmer.
Division units — 4th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Paul B. Frank; 10th machine
grun battalion.
Twenty-Eighth. Division.
Maj.-Gen. C. H. Muir commanding-.
Lieut.-Col. David J. Davis, adjutant-general.
Fifty-fifth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. T.
W. Darrah commanding) — 109th regiment of
infantry. Col. M. D. Brown; 110th regiment
•of infantry. Col. George Kemp; 108th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Robert M. Vail.
Fifty-sixth brigade of infantry (Maj.-Gen. Wil-
liam Weigel commanding) — lllth regiment
of infantry. Col. E. C. Shannon: 112th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. G. C. Rickards; 109th
machine gun battalion, Maj. John W. Foos.
Fifty-third brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen.
W. G. Price commanding) — 107th regiment
of field artillery, Lieut.-Col. A. V. Crook-
ston: 108th regiment of field artillery. Lieut.-
Col. E. St. J. Greale. Jr.: 109th regiment
of field artillery. Col. Asher Miner; 103d
trench mortar battery, Capt. Ralph W.
Knowles.
Engineer troops — 103d regiment of engineers.
Col. Frederic A. Snyder.
Signal troops— 103d field signal battalion, Maj.
Fred G. Miller.
Division units— 28th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Walter F. Brooman; 107th ma-
chine gun battalion. Maj. Harry D. Case.
Thirtieth Division (Wildcat).
Maj.-Gen. Edward M. Lewis commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Robert B. McBride, chief of staff.
Lieut.-Col. Francis B. Hinkle, adjutant-gen-
eral.
Fifty-ninth brigade of infantry (Brig. -Gen.
Lawrence D. Tyson commanding) — 117th
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
499
regiment of infantry. Col. Carey F. Spence;
118th regiment of infantry. Col. Peter A.
McCully, 114th machine gun battalion, Maj.
James P. Fyffe.
Sixtieth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. Sam-
uel L. Faison commanding) — 119th regiment
of infantry. Col. John B. B. Metts; 120th
regiment of infantry, Col. Sidney W. Minor;
115th machine gun battalion, Maj. William
R. Robertson.
Fifty-fifth brigade of field artillery— 113th
regiment of field artillery. Col. Albert L.
Cox; 114th regiment of field artillery, Col.
Luke Lea; 115th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Harry S. Berry; 105th trench mortar
battery, Capt. Ambrose Gaines.
Engineer troops — 105th regiment of engineers,
Lieut.-Col. Joseph H. Pratt.
Signal troops — 105th field signal battalion.
Division units — 30th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Henry F. Forcher; 113th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Walter H. Hyde.
Thirty-Fifth Division.
Maj .-Gen. Peter E. Traub commanding1.
Col. Robert McCleave, chief of staff.
Maj. J. M. Hobson, adjutant -general.
Sixty-ninth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
Nathaniel McClure commanding') — 137th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. George H. McMaster;
138th regiment of infantry, Col. Edmund J.
McMahon: 129th machine gun battalion,
Maj. Thomas H. Loy.
Seventieth brigade of infantry (Brig-.-Gen.
Charles I. Martin commanding) — 139th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. John D. McNeely;
140th regiment of infantry, Col. Albert
Linxwiller; 130th machine gun battalion,
Maj. John F. Constable.
Sixtieth brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen.
L. G. Berry commanding) — 128th regiment
of field1 artillery. Col. Frank M. Rumbold;
129th regiment of field artillery. Col. Karl
D. Klemm; 130th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Hugh Means- 110th trench mortar bat-
tery, Capt. Fred W. Manchester.
Engineer troops — 110th regiment of engineers,
Col. Sherwood A. Chaney.
Signal troops— 110th field signal battalion,
Maj. Milton R. McLean.
Division units — 35th division headquarters
troop — Capt. Ward H. Patton; 128th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Weltey Hallibur-
ton.
Seventy -Seventh Division.
Mai .-Gen. George B. Duncan commanding.
Maj. W. N. Haskell, adjutant-general.
One hundred and fifty- third brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Edward Wittenmeyer
commanding) — 205th regiment of infantry,
Col. William R. Suedberg, Jr.: 306th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. George Vidmer; 305th
machine gun battalion, Maj. D. A. Nolan.
One hundred and fifty-fourth brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Evan M. Johnson com-
manding)— 307th regiment of infantry,
Lieut.-Col. Reuben Smith; 308th regiment
of infantry. Col. Nathan K. Averill; 306th
machine gun battalion, Maj. John B. Rich-
ardson.
One hundred and fifty-second brigade of field
artillery (Brig.-Gen. Thomas H. Reeves com-
manding)— 304th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Raymond W. Briprfrs; 305th regiment of
field artillery. Col. Fred C. Doyle; 306th
regiment of field artillery. Col. Frank C.
Jewell; 302d trench mortar battery, Capt.
Harold G. Fitz.
Engineer troops — 302d regiment of engineers.
Col. Clarence O. Sherrill.
Signal troops — 302d field signal battalion, Maj.
Charles M. Milliken.
Division units — 77th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Charles C. Rumsey; 304th ma-
chine pun battalion, Lieut.-Col. Charles C.
Winnia.
Eighty-Second Division.
Maj .-Gen. W. P. Burnham commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Royden E. Beebe, chief of staff.
Lieut.-Col. John R. Thomas, adjutant-general.
One hundred and sixty-third brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Marcus D. Cronin com-
manding)— 325th regiment of infantry, Col.
Walter M. Whitman; 326th regiment of in-
fantry, Col. John C. MacArthur; 320th ma-
chine grun battalion, Maj. Orlando G.
Palmer.
One hundred and sixty-fourth brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Julian Lindsay command-
ing)—327th regiment of infantry. Col. Frank
D. Ely; 328th regiment of infantry. Col.
Hunter B. Nelson; 321st machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Emery J. Pike.
One hundred and fifty-seventh brigade of field
artillery (Brig-.-Gen. Charles D. Rhodes com-
manding)—319th regiment of field artillery
Col. Earl D. Pearce; 320th regiment of field
artillery, Col. H. C. Williams; 321st regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Clarence Deems,
Jr. ; 307th trench mortar battery, Capt. H. M.
Dodd.
Engineer troops — 307th regiment of engineers.
Col. Julian H. Schley.
Signal troops— 307th field signal battalion, Maj.
Kilbreth D. Schaffer.
Division units— 82d division headquarters troop
First Lieut. Robert H. Dimond: 319th ma-
chine grun battalion. Maj. Richard Wetherill.
Engineer troops — 7th regiment of engineers.
Col. Lewis M. Adams.
Signal troops — 9th field signal battalion.
Division units — 5th division headquarters troop.
Capt. Raymond I. Newton; 13th machine gun
battalion, Lieut.-Col. Gilbert M. Allen.
THIRD ARMY CORPS.
Maj. -Gen. William M. Wright commanding-.
Third division, regular army.
Fifth division, regular army.
Twenty-seventh division, national guard (New
York) .
Thirty-third division, national guard (Illinois).
Seventy-eighth division, national army (Dela-
ware and New York).
Eightieth division, national army (New Jer-
sey. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware and Dis-
trict of Columbia).
Third Division.
Maj. -Gen. Joseph T. Dickman commanding.
Col. Robert H. Helton, chief of staff.
Capt. Frank L. Purdon. adjutant-general.
Fifth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. F. W.
Sladen commanding) — 4th regiment of infan-
try. Col. George N. Bomford; 7th regiment of
infantry. Col. T. M. Anderson. Jr.; 8th ma-
chine gun battalion. Lieut.-Col. Harry D.
Mitchell.
Sixth brigade of infantry — 30th regiment of in-
fantry. Col. E. L. Butts: 38th regiment of
infantry. Col. Halstead Dorey; 9th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Sherman A. White.
Third brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen. W.
M. Cruikshank commanding-) — 10th regiment
of field artillery. Col. C. R. Lloyd; 76th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. W. C. Rivers:
18th regiment of field artillery. Col. O. W. R.
Farr: 3d trench mortar battery, Capt. Van
Rensselaer Vestal.
Engineer troops — 6th regiment of engineers.
Lieut.-Col. John W. Stewart.
Signal troops — 5th field signal battalion. Maj.
Eltpn L. Franklin.
Division units — 3d division headquarters troop,
Capt. Charles C. Smith; 7th machine gun
battalion, Lieut.-Col. Fred L. Davidson.
Fifth Division.
Maj .-Gen. John E. McMahon commanding-.
Col. Ralph E. Ingram, chief of staff.
Maj. David P. Wood, adjutant-general.
Ninth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. J. C.
Castner commanding) — 60th regiment of in-
fantry. Col. Douglas Settle: 61st regiment of
infantry. Col. H. D. Wise; 14th machine gun
battalion, Maj. Frederick A. Barker.
500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Tenth brigade of infantry (Maj.-Gen. W. H.
Gordon commanding)— 6th regiment of infan-
try Col. P. H. Mullay; llth regiment of in-
fantry, Col. J. B. Bennet: 15th machine gun
battalion, Maj. H. Muncuster.
Fifth brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen. C.
A F Flagler commanding)— 19th regiment ql
field artillery. Col. C. H. Lanza: 20th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Brooke Payne,
21st regiment of field artillery. Col. B. H.
McMaster: 5th trench mortar battery. Ma].
Hugh P. Avent.
Twenty-Seventh Division.
Maj .-Gen. J. F. O'Ryan commanding-.
Lieut.-Col Stanley H. Ford, chief of staff.
Lieut.-Col. Frank W. Ward, adjutant-general.
Fifty-third brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. Al-
fred W. Bjornstad commanding)— 105th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. James M. Andrews;
106th regiment of infantry. Col. William A.
Taylor: 105th machine gun battalion, Maj.
Kenneth Gardner.
Fifty-fourth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
Palmer E. Pierce commanding)— 107th regi-
ment of infantry, Col. Willard C. Fisk; lObth
regiment of iiif antry. Col. Edgar S. Jennings ;
106th machine gun battalion, Maj. Mortimer
Fifty-second brigade of field artillery (Brig.-
Gen. George A. Wingate commanding)— 104th
regiment of field artillery Col Merritt H.
Smith: 105th regiment of field artillery,
Lieut.-Col. DeW. C. Weld, Jr.- 106th regi-
ment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col. John V.
Rowland: 102d trench mortar battery, Capt.
Charles Pierson, Jr.
Engineer troops— 102d regiment of engineers,
esignal battalion. Maj.
Division1" Luntt°-27th division headquarters
troop Capt Tristan Tupper; 104th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Edward McLeer, Jr.
Thirty-Third Division.
Maj.-Gen. George Bell, Jr., commanding.
Col William K. Naylot, chief of staff.
Sixty-fifth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. Ed-
ward L King commanding) -129th regiment
of infartry, Col. Charles H. Greene; 130th
regiment of infantry. Col Charles B Center;
123d machine gun battalion, Maj. Albert L.
Sixt^ixt^brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
PaulA Wolff commanding) -131st regiment
of infantry, Col. Joseph B. Sanborn: 132d
regiment of infantry. Col Abel Davis; 124th
machine gun battalion, Maj. Floyd i. -fui-
FiTty^eighth brigade of field artillery (Brig.-
Gen. James A.. Shipton commanding)— 122d
regiment of field artillery ; Col. Milton J.
Foreman: 123d regiment of field artillery,
Col. Charles G. Davis: 124th regiment of
field artillery. Col. Horatio B. Hackett; 108th
trench mortar battery, Capt. Frank Frazier.
Engineer troops— 108th regiment of engineers,
Col. Henry A. Allen.
Signal troops— 108th field signal battalion. Ma).
John P. Lucas.
Division units— 33d division headquarters troop.
Capt. Herbert W. Styles; 122d machine gun
battalion, Lieut.-Col. W. C. Gardenhi7e.
Seventy-Eighth Division.
Maj.-Gen. James H. McRae commanding".
Lieut -Col. Harry N. Cootes, chief of staff.
Maj. William T. MacMillan, adjutant-general.
One hundred and fifty-fifth brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. Mark L. Hersey commanding) —
309th regiment of infantry. Col. John M.
Morgan; 310th regiment of infantry. Col.
Walter C. Babcock: 308th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Edward M. Offley.
One hundred and fifty-sixth brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. James T. Dean commanding) —
311th regiment of infantry. Col. Marcus B.
Stokes: 312th regiment of infantry. Col. A.
Van P. Anderson; 309th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Henry R. Allen.
One hundred and fifty-third brigade of field ar-
tillery (Brig.-Gen. Clint C. Hearn command-
ing)— 307th regiment of field artillery. Col.
James H. Bryson: 308th regiment of field ar-
tillery. Col. Charles M. Bunker: 309th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Edwin O. S;ir-
ratt; 303d trench mortar battery, Capt. John
E. McGlothan.
Engineer troops — 303d regiment of engineers.
Col. E. M. Markham.
Signal troops — 303d field signal battalion, Maj.
James Kelly.
Division units — 78th division" headquarters
troop, Capt. G. S. Woolworth; 307th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Robert M. Beck, Jr.
Eightieth Division.
Maj.-Gen. Adelbert Cronkhite commanding.
Lieut.-Col. William H. Waldron. chief of staff.
Maj. Steven C. Clark, adjutant-general.
One hundred and fifty-ninth brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. George H. Jamerson com-
manding)— 317th regiment of infantry, Lieut.-
Col. William L. Reed: 318th regiment of in-
fantry. Col-. Ulysses Worrilow; 314th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Jennings C. Wise.
One hundred and sixtieth brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. Lloyd M. Bratt commanding) —
319th regiment of infantry. Col. Frank S.
Cocheu; 320th regiment of infantry. Col.
Howard R. Perry: 315th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Thomas A. Roth well".
One hundred fifty-fifth brigade of field artillery
, (Brig.-Gen. Gordon G. Heiner commanding) —
313th regiment of field artillery. Col. Charles
J. Ferris: 314th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Robert S. Welsh: 315th regiment of field
artillery, Lieut.-Col. William Tidball; 305th
trench mortar battery, Capt. P. B. Barringer,
Jr.
Engineer troops— 305th regiment of engineers.
Col. George R. Spalding.
Signal troops— 305th field signal battalion, Maj.
Thomas I. King.
Division units — 80th division headquarters
troops. Capt. Turner H. Wiltshire; 313th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Oscar Foley.
FOURTH ARMY CORPS.
Maj.-Gen. George W. Read commanding.
Eighty-third division, national army (Ohio and
Pennsylvania) .
Eighty-ninth division, national army (Kansas.
Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado,
New Mexico and Arizona).
Thirty-seventh division, national guard army
(Ohio).
Twenty-ninth division, national guard army
(New Jersey, Virginia, Delaware, Maryland
and District ol Columbia) .
Ninetieth division, national army (Texas and
Oklahoma) .
Ninety-second division, national army (negro
troops) .
Twenty-Ninth Division.
Maj.-Gen. C. G. Morton commanding.
Col. George S. Goodale, chief of staff.
Maj. James A. Ulio, adjutant-general.
Fifty-seventh brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen
Charles W. Barber commanding) — 113th reg-
iment of infantry, Col. Harry C. Jones; 114th
regiment of infantry. Col. Thomas D. Lan-
don: lllth machine gun battalion. Maj.
Joseph H. Davidson.
Fifty-eighth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. H.
H. Bandholtz commanding) — 115th regiment
of infantry. Col. Milton A. Reckford: 116th
regiment of infantry. Col. H. L. Threlkeld;
112th machine gun battalion, Maj. David J.
Markey.
Fifty-fourth brigade of field artillery— 110th
regiment of field artillery. Col. Washington
Bowie, Jr.: lllth regiment of field nrtillory.
Lieut.-Col. Edward C. James: 112th raiment
of field artillery, Col. Quincy A. Gilmore;
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
601
104th trench mortar battery, Capt. Anthony
Weis.
Engineer troops — 104th regiment of engineers.
Col. Ralph T. Ward.
Signal troops — 104th field signal battalion, Mai.
Charles B. Hazeltine.
Division units— 29th division headquarters
troop, Capt. John C. Lane; 110th machine
gun battalion, Maj. James H. Washburn.
Thirty-Seventh Division.
Maj.-Gen. C. S. Farnsworth commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Dana T. Merrill, chief of staff.
Maj. Edward W. Wildrick, adjutant-general.
Seventy-third brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
C. F. Zimmerman commanding) — 145th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. Sanford B. Stanbery;
146th regiment of infantry Col. C. C. Wey-
brecht; 135th machine gun battalion, Maj.
Charles C. Chambers.
Seventy-fourth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
W. P. Jackson commanding)— 147th regiment
of infantry. Col. F. W. Galbrith, Jr.; 148th
regiment of infantry. Col. George H. Wood;
136th nlachine gun battalion. Maj. John A.
Logan.
Sixty-second brigade of field artillery — 134th
regiment of field artillery. Col. Harold M.
Bush: 135th regiment of field artillery. Col.
Dudley J. Hard: 136th regiment of field ar-
tillery. Col. Paul L. Mitchell: 112th trench
mortar battery, Capt. A. S. Dillon.
Engineer troops — 112th regiment of engineers,
Col. John R. McQuigg.
Signal troops— 112th field signal battalion, Maj.
Russell L. Mundhenk.
Division units — 37th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Frank F. Frebis; 134th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Wade C. Christy.
Eighty-Third Division.
Maj.-Gen. E. F. Glenn commanding.
Lieut.-Col. C. A. Trott, chief of, staff.
Maj. James L. Cochran, adjutant-general.
One hundred and sixty-fifth brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. Ora E. Hunt commanding) — 329th
regiment of infantry. Col. John J. Toffey, Jr. ;
330th regiment of infantry. Col. S. D. Ham;
323d machine gun battalion, Maj. Anton C.
Cron.
One hundred and sixty-sixth brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. Malm Graig commanding) —
331st regiment of infantry. Col. Robert C.
Williams; 332d regiment of infantry. Col.
William Wallace; 324th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. B. B. McCroskey.
One hundred, and fifty -eighth brigade of field
artillery (Brig.-Gen. Adrian S. Fleming com-
manding)— 322d regiment of field artillery.
Col. A. B. Warfield; 323d regiment of field
artillery, Col. F. B. Hennessy; 324th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Homer B. Grant;
308th trench mortar battery, Capt. Don R.
McGill.
Engineer troops — 308th regiment of engineers.
Col. Warren T. Hannum.
Signal troops — 308th field signal battalion, Maj.
Joseph F. Ware.
Division units — 83d division headquarters
troop. Lieut.-Col. Otis R. Cole; 322d machine
gun battalion, Maj. Ralph R. Glass.
Eighty-Ninth Division.
Brig.-Gen. Frank L. Winn commanding (act'g) .
Col. C. E. Kilbourne, chief of staff.
Maj. Jerome G. PiHow, adjutant-general.
One hundred and seventy-seventh brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Frank L. Winn command-
ing)—353d regiment of infantry, Col. J. H.
Reeves; 354th regiment of infantry. Col.
Americus Mitchell; 341st machine gun bat-
talion.
One' hundred and seventy-eighth brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Thomas G. Hanson com-
manding)— 355th regiment of infantry. Col.
William G. Sills: 356th regiment of infantry.
Col. Lewis M. Nuttman: 342d machine gun
battalion. Maj. Thomas P. Bernard.
One hundred and sixty-fourth brigade of field
artillery (Brig.-Gen. Edward T. Donnelly
commanding)— 340th regiment of field artil-
lery. Col. Ernest S. Wheeler; 341st regiment
of field artillery, Lieut.-Col. Robert Davis;
342d regiment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col.
Earl Biscoe: 314th trench mortar battery.
Capt. John L. Milvurn.
Engineer troops — 314th regiment of engineers.
Col. Robert P. Johnston.
Signal troops — 314th field signal battalion, Maj .
David Reeves.
Division units — 89th division headquarters
troops, Capt. Tom A. Velie; 340th machine
gun battalion.
Ninetieth Division.
Maj.-Gen. Henry T. Allen commanding.
Col. John J. Kingman, chief of staff.
Maj. Wyatt O. Selkirk, adjutant-general.
One hundred and seventy-ninth brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Joseph T. O'Niell com-
manding)— 357th regiment of infantry. Col.
E. T. Hartmann; 358th regiment of infantry.
Col. Edmund M. Leary; 344th machine gun
battalion, Maj. Ernest O. Thompson.
One hundred and eightieth brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. W. H. Johnston commanding) —
359th regiment of infantry. Col. W. A. Cave-
naugh; 360th regiment of infantry. Col. Cas-
per H. Conrad, Jr.; 345th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. John M. Hagens.
One hundred and sixty-fifth brigade of field ar-
tillery (Brig.-Gen. Francis C. Marshall com-
manding)— 343d regiment of field artillery.
Col. Henry V. Farrar; 344th regiment of
field artillery. Col. Samuel Frankenberger ;
345th regiment of field artilleryT Col. R. S.
Abernathy; 315th trench mortar battery,
Capt. William B. Blocker.
Engineer troops— 315th regiment of engineers.
Col. Frank C. Boggs.
Signal troops — 315th field signal battalion. Ma j .
John C. Grant.
Division units — 90th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Donald L. Henderson; 343d ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Arthur L. McCoy.
Ninety-Second Division.
Maj.-Gen. C. C. Ballbu commanding.
Lieut.-Col. Allen J. Greer, chief of staff.
Maj. Sherburne Whipple, adjutant-general.
One hundred and eighty-third brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. Malyern H. Barnum com-
manding)— 365th regiment of infantry. Col.
Vernon A. Caldwell; 366th regiment of in-
fantry. Col. Ralph B. Parrott: 350th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Charles W. Mason.
One hundred and eighty-fourth brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. W. A. Hay commanding)
— 367th regiment of infantry. Col. James A.
Moss; 368th regiment of infantry, Lieut.-Col.
Henry S. Terrell; 351st machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Robert M. Barton.
One hundred and sixty-seventh brigade of field
artillery — 349th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Dan T. Moore; 350th regiment of field
artillery. Col. Roger O. Mason: 351st regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. William E. Cole;
317th trench mortar battery, Capt. Theron
Strong.
Engineer troops — 317th regiment of engineers.
Col. Earl I. Brown.
Signal troops — 317th field signal battalion, Maj.
Luther I. Rose.
Division units — 92d division headquarters troop,
Capt. Rufus Reed; 349th machine gun bat-
talion. Lieut.-Col. Robert Sterrett.
FIFTH ARMY CORPS.
Maj.-Gen. Omar Biindy commanding.
Sixth division, regular army.
Thirty-sixth division, national guard army
(Texas and Oklahoma).
Seventy-sixth division, national army (New
England) .
Seventy-ninth division, national army (Penn-
sylvania. Maryland and District of Colum-
bia).
Eighty-fifth division, national army (Michigan
and Wisconsin) .
Ninety-first division, national army (Washing,
ton. Oregon, Alaska, California. Idaho, Ne-
vada, Montana. Wyoming and Utah).
502
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sixth Division.
Brig.-Gen. James B. Erwin commanding-.
Col. James M. Pickering, chief of staff.
Lieut.-Col. Robert S. Knox, adjutant-general.
Eleventh brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. W. R.
Dashiell commanding) — 51st regiment of in-
fantry. Col. Isaac Newell; 52d regiment of
infantry. Col. Erneste Smith; 17th machine
gun battalion, Maj. Joseph M. Cummins.
Twelfth brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen. J. B.
Erwin commanding) — 53d regiment of infan-
try, Lieut.-Col. W. H. Patterson; 54th regi-
ment of infantry. Col. Matthias Crowley- 18th
machine gun battalion, Maj. Enoch B. Garey.
Sixth brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen. E.
A. Millar commanding) — 3d regiment of field
artillery, Col. W. D. Newell: llth regiment
of field artillery. Lieut.-Col. W. F. Sharp;
78th regiment of field artillery, Lieut.-Col.
James Hustin: 6th trench mortar battery.
First Lieut. John Gray Paul.
Engineer troops — 318th regiment of engineers.
Col. Stuart C. Godfrey.
Signal troops— 6th field signal battalion, Maj.
Donald S. Sanger.
Division units — 6th division headquarters troop,
Capt. C. Y. Hendricks; 16th machine gun
battalion, Maj. Frederick B. Terrell.
Thirty-Sixth Division.
Maj .-Gen. W. R. Smith commanding.
Col. E. J. Williams, chief of staff.
Maj. William R. Scott, adjutant-general.
Seventy-first brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
Henry Hutchings commanding) — 141st regi-
ment of infantry. Col. Well E. Jackson; 142d
regiment of infantry. Col. Alfred W. Bloor;
132d machine gun battalion, Maj. Preston A.
Weatherred.
Seventy-second brigade of infantry (Brig.-Gen.
John A. Hulen commanding) — 143d regiment
of infntry. Col. John S. Hoover; 144th regi-
ment' of infantry. Col. Jules E. Muchert;
133d machine gun battalion, Maj. Lewis S.
Davidson.
Sixty-first brigade of field artillery (Brig.-Gen.
John A. Stevens commanding) — 131st regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Claude V. Birk-
head: 132d regiment of field artillery. Col.
Arthur R. Sholars; 133d regiment of field
artillery. Col. Fred A. Logan; lllth trench
mortar battery, Capt. Lewis Maverick.
Engineer troops — lllth regiment of engineers.
Col. William A. Johnson.
Signal troops — lllth signal field battalion. Maj.
Robert A. Robinson.
Division units— 36th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Wayne R. Davis; 131st machine
, gun battalion, Maj. Ellis Stephenson.
Seventy-Sixth Division.
Maj. -Gen. Harry F. Hodges commanding.
Maj. George M. Peek, adjutanfr-general.
One hundred and fifty-first brigade of infantry
(Brig.-Gen. Frank H. Albright commanding)
— 301st regiment of infantry. Col. Frank
Tompkins; 302d regiment of infantry. Col.
Charles C. Smith; 302d machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Arthur B. Collins.
One hundred and fifty-second brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. F. D. Evans commanding) —
303d regiment of infantry. Col. John F. Pres-
ton: 304th regiment of infantry. Col. Joseph
S. Herron; 303d machine gun battalion, Maj.
James A. Sullivan.
One hundred and fifty-first brigade of field ar-
tillery (Maj. -Gen. William S. McNair com-
manding)— 301st regiment of field artillery.
Col. George M. Brooks; 302d regiment of
field artillery. Col. Daniel F. Craig; 303d reg-
iment of field artillery. Col. F. W. Stopford;
301st trench mortar battery. Capt. Jewett B.
Newton.
Engineer troops — 301st regiment of engineers.
Col. Francis A. Pope.
Signal troops — 301st field signal battalion, Maj.
John F. Fanning.
Division units — 76th division headquarters
troop. Capt. Q. A. McKean; 301st machine
gun battalion, Maj. Will D. Wills.
Division.
Maj. -Gen. Joseph E. Kuhn commanding.
Col. Tenny Ross, chief of staff.
Maj. Charles B. Moore, adjutant-general.
One hundred and fifty-seventh brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. William L. Nicholson
commanding) — 313th regiment of infantry.
Col. Claude B. Sweezey; 314th regiment of
infantry, Col. William H. Oury; 311th ma-
chine gun battalion, 'Maj. Charles M. Dupuy.
One hundred and fifty-eighth brigade of infan-
try—315th regiment of infantry, Lieut.-Col.
C. G. Morton; 316th regiment of infantry.
Col. Oscar J. Charles; 312th machine gun
battalion, Maj. Stewart S. Janney.
One hundred and fifty-fourth brigade of field
artillery (Brig.-Gen. Andrew Hero. Jr., com-
manding)— 310th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Howard L. Landers: 311th regiment of
field artillery. Col. Charles G. Mortimer:
312th regiment of field artillery. Col. Harry
P. Wilbur; 304th trench mortar battery.
Capt. William G. Huckel.
Engineer troops— 304th regiment of engineers.
Col. James P. Jervey.
Signal troops— 304th field signal battalion. Maj.
Z. H. Mitchum.
Division units— 79th division headquarters
troop, Capt. Edward W. Madeira; 310th ma-
chine gun battalion, Maj. Andrew W. Smith,
Eighty-Fifth Division.
Maj .-Gen. C. W. Kennedy commanding.
Col. Edgar T. Collins, chief of staff.
Lieut.-Col. Clarence Lininger. adjutant-general.
One hundred and sixty-ninth brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. Thomas B. Dugan command-
ing)—337th regiment of infantry. Col. Rob-
ert H. Allen; 338th regiment of infantry.
Col. D. G. Berry; 329th machine gun bat-
talion, Maj. Sidney D. Maize.
One hundred and seventieth brigade of infan-
try—339th regiment of infantry. Col. John W.
Craig; 340th regiment of infantry. Col. James
S. Parker: 330th machine gun battalion,
Maj. William Hendrie.
One hundred and sixtieth brigade of field artil-
lery (Brig.-Gen. Guy H. Preston command-
ing)—328th regiment of field artillery. Col.
Frank E. Hopkins; 329th regiment of field
artillery. Col. Tilman Campbell: 330th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Harold E. Cloke-
310th trench mortar battery, Capt. Charles
I. Anderson.
Engineer troops— 310th regiment of engineers.
Col. W. Goff Caples.
Signal troops— 310tb field signal battalion. Maj.
Keene Richards.
Division units — 85th division headquarters
troop, Capf Henry N. Traxler; 328th ma-
chine sun battalion, Maj. Rollin L. Caldwell.
Ninety-First Division.
Brig.-Geff. F. H. Foltz commanding-.
Col. Herbert J. Brees. chief of staff.
Maj. Frederic W. Manley, adjutant-general.
One hundred and eighty-first brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. John B. McDonald command-
ing)— 361st regiment of infantry. Col. Wil-
liam D. Davis; 362d regiment of infantry.
Col. William H. Jordan: 347th machine gun
battalion, Maj. Arthur W. Hanson.
One hundred and eighty-second brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Frederick S. Foltz com-
manding)— 363d regiment of infantry. Col. H.
L. Cavenaugh; 364th regiment of infantry.
Col. McD. George Weeks; 348th machine gun
battalion. Maj. Thomas N. Gimperling.
One hundred and sixty-sixth brigade of field
artillery (Brig.-Gen. Edward Burr command-
ing)— 346th regiment of field artillery. Col.
Raymond S. Pratt: 347th regiment of field
artillery. Col. Ralph S. Granger: 348th regi-
ment of field artillery. Col. Rex Van Den
Corput: 316th trench mortar battery, Capt.
Harold T. Pease.
Engineer troops — 316th regiment of engineers.
Col. Henry C. Jewett.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
503
Signal troops— 316th field signal battalion. Mai.
Wilford Danvers.
Division units — 91st division headquarters
troop, Capt. W. P. Coakley; 340th machine
gun battalion, Maj. F. C. Endicott.
NOT ASSIGNED TO CORPS.
Eighty-First Division.
Maj .-Gen. C. J. Bailey commanding.
Col. Charles D. Roberts, chief of staff.
Mai. Arthur E. Ahrends, adjutant-general.
One hundred and sixty-first brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. George W. Mclver command-
ing)— 321st regiment of infantry. Col. Frank
Halstead: 322d regiment of infantry. Col. L.
T. Richardson: 317th machine gun battalion,
Maj. W. C. McGowan.
One hundred and sixty-second brigade of in-
fantry (Brig.-Gen. Monroe McFarland com-
manding)— 323d regiment of infantry. Col.
Thomas A. Pearce; 324th regiment of infan-
try. Col. George W. Moses; 318th machine
gun battalion.
One hundred and fifty-sixth brigade of field
artillery (Brig-.-Gen. Andrew Moses com-
manding)—316th regiment of field artillery.
Col. Russell P. Reeder: 317th regiment of
field artillery. Col. Nelson E. Margetts:
318th regiment of field artillery. Col. James
P. Robinson; 306th trench mortar battery.
Capt. David M. Etheridge.
Engineer troops — 306th regiment of engineers.
Col. Robert R. Ralston.
Signal troops— 306th field signal battalion.
Maj. Samuel R. Todd.
Division units— 81st division headquarters
troop. Capt. Clayton E. Rich, Jr.: 316th ma-
chine grin battalion. Maj. John E. Seller.
Ninety-Third Division.
Maj. Lee S. Tillotson, adjutant-general.
One hundred and eighty-fifth brigade of infan-
try—369th regiment of infantry. Col. William
Hay ward: 370th regiment of infantry. Col.
F. A. Dennison; 333d machine gun battalion.
One hundred and eighty-sixth brigade of infan-
try (Brig.-Gen. George H. Harries command-
ing)—371st regiment of infantry. Col. Perry
L. Miles: 372d regiment of infantry. Col.
Herschel Tupes; 334th machine gun battalion.
One hundred and sixty-eighth brigade of field
artillery— 332d regiment of field artillery,
333d regiment of field artillery. 334th regi-
ment of field artillery. 318th trench mortar
battery.
Engineer troops— 318th regiment of engineers.
Signal troops— 318th field signal battalion.
Division units— 332d machine gun battalion.
DIVISIONS AT THE FRONT NOV. 7.
Location of the thirty-five combat divisions
and six depot divisions of the American army
in France on Nov. 7. four days before the
signing of the armistice, was announced with
the names of their commanding generals by
the war department Nov. 27, 1918, as follows:
Combat. Divisions.
First (regulars) — Nouart and St. Dizier,
Brig.-Gen. Parker.
Second (regulars) — Fosse and St. Dizier,
Maj. -Gen. John A. Lejeune.
Third (regulars) — Tannois and St. Dizier,
Brig.-Gen. Preston Brown.
Fourth (regulars) — Lucey and St. Dizier.
Maj. -Gen. Mark L. Hersey.
Fifth (regulars)— Cunel and St. Dizier, Maj.-
Gen. Hanson E. Ely.
Sixth (regulars) — Stonne and St. Dizier.
Maj .-Gen. W. H. Gordon.
Seventh (regulars) — Euvezin and St. Dizier,
Maj. -Gen. Edmund Wittenmeyer.
Twenty-sixth (New England) — Bras, Troyon-
sur-Meuse, St. Dizier, Brig.-Gen. F. E. Barn-
ford.
Twenty-seventh (New York) — Corbie, Beau-
auesne. St. Dizier. Maj. -Gen. John F. O'Ryan.
Twenty-eighth (Pennsylvania) — Heudicort
and St. Dizier, Maj .-Gen. William H. Hay.
Twenty -ninth (New Jersey. Delaware, Vir-
ginia. Maryland. District of Columbia) — Robert
Espagne and St. Dizier, Maj.-Gen. C. C. Mor-
toii.
Thirtieth (Tennessee. North Carolina, South
Carolina, District of Columbia) — Querrieu.
Maj.-Gen. E. H. Lewis.
Thirty-first (Georgia, Alabama, Florida) —
Brest. Maj.-Gen. Leroy S. Lyon.
Thirty-second (Michigan, Wisconsin) —
Ancreville and St. Dizier. Maj.-Gen. William
C. Haan.
Thirty-third (Illinois)— Troyon and St. Dizier.
Maj.-Gen. George Bell, Jr.
Thirty-fourth (Nebraska, Iowa, South Da-
kota, Minnesota) — Castres, Brig.-Gen. John A.
Johnson.
Thirty-fifth (Missouri, Kansas) — Somme
Dieue and St. Dizier, Maj.-Geu. Peter E. Traub.
Thirty-sixth (Texas, Oklahoma) — Conde-en-
Barrois, Maj.-Gen. W. R. Smith.
Thirty-seventh (Ohio) — Thielt, Dunkerque,
Maj.-Gen. Charles S. Farnsworth.
Thirty-eighth (Indiana, Kentucky, West Vir-
ginia)— Le Mans, Maj.-Gen. Robert L. Howze.
Fprty-second (Rainbow) — Maisoncelle and St.
Dizier, Maj.-Gen. Charles D. Rhodes.
Seventy-seventh (New York city)— La Ba-
sace, Varennes, St. Dizier, Maj.-Gen. Robert
Alexander.
Seventy -eighth (western New York, New Jer-
sey, Delaware) — Le Champy Haut and St.
Dizier, Maj.-Gen. James H. McRae.
Seventy-ninth (northwest Pennsylvania,
Maryland, District of Columbia) — Vacherau-
ville and St. Dizier, Maj.-Gen. Joseph E. Kuhn.
Eightieth (Virginia, West Virginia, western
Pennsylvania) — Sommauthe and St. Dizier,
Maj.-Gen. Adelbert Cronkhite.
Eighty-first (North Carolina. South Caro-
lina. Florida. Porto Rico) — Somme Dieue, 1s-
sur-Tille, Maj.-Gen. Charles J. Bailey.
Eighty-second (Georgia," Alabama, Tennes-
see)— Florent, Maj.-Gen. George P. Duncan.
Eighty-fourth (Kentucky, Indiana, southern
Illinois) — Neuvic, Maj.-Gen. Harry C. Hale.
Eighty-sixth (Chicago and northern Illinois)
— St. Andre de Cubzac, Maj.-Gen. Charles H.
Martin.
Eighty-seventh (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missis-
sippi, southern Alabama) — Pons, Maj.-Gen. S.
D. Sturgis.
Eighty-eighth (North Dakota, Minnesota.
Iowa, western Illinois) — Montreaux Chateau,
Is-sur-Tille, Maj.-Gen. William Weigel.
Eighty-ninth (Kansas. Missouri, South Da-
kota, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Ari-
zona)—Tailly and St. Dizier. Brig.-Gen. Frank
L. Winn.
Ninetieth (Texas and Oklahoma)— Villera
Dev Dun and St. Dizier, Maj.-Gen. Henry T.
Allen.
Ninety-first (Alaska, Washington, Oregon,
California, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming.
Utah)— ^Oostroosebeke and Dunkerque, Maj.-
Gen. William H. Johnston.
Ninety-second (negroes, national army) —
Marbache and St. Dizier, Maj.-Gen. Charles
C. Ballou.
Depot Divisions.
Forty-first (Washington. Oregon, Montana.
Idaho and Wyoming)— St. Aignan and Noyers.
Brig.-Gen. Eli Cole.
Eighty-third (Ohio and western Pennsyl-
vania)—Le Mans and Castres, Maj.-Gen. E. F.
Seventy-sixth (New England and New York)
—St. Amand Mont Rond, Maj.-Gen. Harry F.
Hodges.
Eighty-fifth (Michigan and eastern Wiscon-
sin)—Pouilly, Maj.-Gen. Chase W. Kennedy.
Thirty-ninth (Arkansas. Mississippi and Lou-
isiana)—St. Florent, Maj.-Gen. Henry C.
Fortieth ' (Colorado. Utah. Arizona, Now
Mexico and California)— Rovigny and St. Di-
zier, Maj.-Gen. F. S. Strong.
501
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
ARMY GENERAL STAFF.
By order of the secretary ol war the army
feneral staff was reorganized in February,
1918. into five main divisions each under an
assistant chief having specific duties. To
carry out the provisions of the new plan the
secretary through the adjutant-general of the
army issued the following general order:
The chief of the general staff with the as-
sistance of the war council created under gen-
eral orders No. 160, Dec. 20, 1917, is the
immediate adviser of the secretary of war
upon all matters relating to the military es-
tablishment and is charged by the secretary of
war with the planning and development of the
army program in its entirety. He exercises
such supervising and co-ordinating powers and
secures such information as his judgment
may dictate to the end that the war pplicies
of the secretary of war may be harmoniously
executed by the several corps, bureaus and all
other agencies of the military establishment
and the army program to its last detail be
carried out speedily and efficiently.
The planning of the army program in its
entirety, the constant development thereof in
its larger aspects and the relating of this pro-
gram to the general staff and the entire army
will be the duty of the chief of staff and the
war council. The burden upon the chief of
staff, the assistant chiefs of staff and the pf-
ficers forming the general staff in their duties
in connection with the administration of the
army program by the military establishment
has so increased that it becomes immediately
necessary to organize the general staff into
responsible divisions.
Accordingly the chief of staff is directed
to organize the general staff into five main di-
visions under his direct control and to attach
to the general staff such personnel, officers
and civilians, that the work of the general
staff may proceed. Each division shall be un-
der an officer who shall have full power to
act for the secretary of war and the chief of
staff upon all matters charged to his division.
Such divisions and duties of each are as fol-
lows:
Executive Division.
I. Executive Division — This division shall
take charge of the office of the chief of staff
under an officer to be known as the executive
assistant to the chief of staff, who shall be
an assistant to the chief of staff. The execu-
tive assistant to the chief of staff shall act
for the chief of staff or the acting chief of
staff during their respective absences. This
division shall have cognizance and control of
the following subjects :
1. To supervise the organization, administra-
tion, and method of all divisions of the gen-
eral staff and the several bureaus, corps, and
other agencies of the war department, to
the end that all such matters may be com-
prehensively treated and the activities of all
such agencies may be co-ordinated, duplication
of work avoided, harmonious action secured,
and all unnecessary machinery of organization
and administration eliminated.
2. The collection, compilation, and mainte-
nance of all statistical information obtained
from the several bureaus, corps, or other
agencies of the military establishment, both
as to tropps and supplies, as well as all
other statistical information obtained from
outside sources relating to the war program
for transmission to the secretary of war, the
chief of staff, the war council, the general
staff, and the several divisions thereof.
3. Military intelligence concerning espionag-e.
counterespionage, fire prevention, and other
matters thereto related.
4. Requisitions and permits.
5. Promotions and assignments.
6. The militia bureau and federal guards.
War Plans Division.
II. War Plans Division — This, division shall
Undertake the study of and submit "epprts
Upon all matters referred to it from time
to time by the chief of staff and shall be
in charge of an officer designated as the
director of the war plans division. This of-
ficer will be an assistant to the chief of staff
and shall be president pf the war college and
in charge of all activities at the war college.
The duties of this division shall also include
the following matters:
1. Plans for the organization of all branch-
es of the army.
2. The study and determination of the types
and the quantities of equipment for all
branches of the army, and the approval of
design and types of equipment submitted by
the several bureaus: supervision of research
and invention by the several bureaus or other
agencies of the military establishment in con-
nection with equipment.
3. Projects for national defense.
4. Training for all branches of the army,
the tactics and methods of warfare to be
employed, together with all publications hav-
ing relation thereto, and the supervision ol
military schools.
5. Military intelligence as related to army
operations and the translation and compila-
tion of foreign documents relating to military
affairs.
6. Collection, compilation, and maintenance
of complete military records.
7. Proposed legislation and the preparation
of regulations and rules for the military
establishment.
Purchase and Supply Division.
III. Purchase and Supply Division — This
division shall have cognizance of and super-
vision over the purchase and production of all
munitions and other supplies required for the
use of the army, under an officer designated
as the director of purchases and supplies, who
shall be an assistant to the" chief of staff.
The duties of this division shall include the
following matter :
1. The supervision and direction ol all pur-
chase, procurement, and production activities
of the several bureaus, corps, and other
agencies of the war department.
The .co-ordination and correlation ol the
purchase and procurement activities of the
several bureaus, corps, and other agencies ol
the war department.
The representing of the army in all arrange-
ments for co-ordinating the purchase and pro-
curement activities of the several bureaus,
corps, and agencies of the government and
with the allies.
2. The determination of purchasing and
manufacturing priorities between the several
bureaus, corps, and other agencies within the
war department and in relation to other
agencies of the government, and also the
determination of preference to be afforded
to contractors lor supplies in the matter of
shortage ol fuel, power and raw materials.
3. The supervision and co-ordination of all
appropriations, estimates and requirements
and other financial matters relating to the
purchase ol munitions and all other supplies.
4. There shall be in the purchase and sup-
ply division the office ol surveyor general ol
supplies under an officer or a civilian.
It shall be the duty ol the surveyor general
ol supplies to provide that all arrangements
for the purchase, procurement, and produc-
tion of all munitions and other supplies for
the use of the army shall be so correlated and
otherwise scheduled as most effectually to for-
ward the army program and most advan-
tageously utilize the industrial resources of
the country.
Storage and Traffic Division.
TV. Storage and Traffic Division— This divi-
sion shall have cognizance and control of
the transportation of all branches of the
army and of all munitions and other supplies
for the army both by land and sea .and all
storage facilities in connection therewith, un-
der an officer designated as the director of
storage and traffic, who shall be an assistant
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOj£ FOR 1919.
505
to the chief of staff. The duties of this divi-
sion shall include the following1 matters:
1. All movements of troops, as well as ol
munitions and of supplies of every kind, in-
cluding- raw materials and finished products
both during: manufacture and after assembly,
to points of embarkation, interior points and
overseas points, and in and out of all stor-
age.
2. All inland traffic, embarkation service,
and overseas service relating: to the army pro
gram, including the employment of all army
transports engaged in the transatlantic serv-
ice and such commercial shipping; as may be
used to supplement that service, including all
arrangements with the navy department for
convoy service.
3. All storage for munitions and all other
supplies of the army on the seaboard and
at interior points.
Direct correspondence between the director
of storage and traffic and the commanding1 of-
ficers of ports of embarkation is authorized.
•Copies of all requisitions, requests, and in-
formation of every character received from
the commanding general of our forces in Eu-
rope or his subordinates which bear upon re-
enforcements or renewals of supplies will be
transmitted to the director of storage and traf-
fic, and. in general, this officer is charged with
the duty of arranging that all supplies for
our forces in this country and in Europe shall
be forwarded in the most expeditious and
convenient manner, and to that end he is au-
thorized to exercise control of army shipment,
both within the territory of the United States
and as the same relates to the overseas haul.
Army Operations Division.
V. Army Operations Division — This division
shall have cognizance and control of army
operations under an officer who is designated
as the director of operations, who shall be an
assistant to the chief of staff. The duties
of this division shall include the following
matters :
1. The operation of all branches of the
army, the recruitment and mobilization of the
army, the personnel of troops, the selection
of special troops, the movements and distribu-
tion of troops, and the determination of all
overseas priorities.
2. The assignment of equipment to all
branches of the army and the determination
of priorities with respect to such assignments.
3. The supervision and co-ordination of camp
sites, cantonments, army posts, hospitals, sani-
tation, construction plans and projects as the
same relate to all branches of the army.
GENERAL STAFF CORPS.
The war department made public in October,
1918, the following- consolidated list of the
' general staff corps, both in the United States
and overseas, as it existed on Sept. 28, 1918:
General.
March, Peyton C.
M ajar-Generals.
Coe, Frank W. I Mclntyre, Frank.
Goethals, George.
Brigadier-Generals.
Drum, Hugh A.
Drum, John M.
Enochs, Berkeley.
Fassett, William H.
Fleming-, R. J.
Fitch, Roger S.
Ford, Stanley H.
Fuller, Elvertone.
Furlow, J. W.
Gardner, Fulton C.
Goodale, George S
Goodrich, P. M.
Gowan, James B.
Graham, James M.
Grant, U. S. III.
Grant, Walter S.
Gulick, John W.
Halstead, Lawrence.
Hannah, James G.
Hartshorn, Ed. S.
Hayne, Paul T.
Hearn, Roscoe H.
Hickman, Edwin A.
i Hilton, Charles H.
Honeycutt, F. W.
Howell, James F.
Ingram, Ralph E.
Johnson, Walter H
Jones, Clifford.
Jordan, R. H.
Joyce, Kenyon A.
Kellond, F. G.
Kerth, Monroe C.
Ketcham, Daniel W.
Kilbourne, Charles E.
King-man, John J.
Knight, H. E.
Lacey, Francis E.
Lanham, C. L.
Lincoln, Charles S.
McAndrews, Joseph R.
McBride, Robert B.
McCammon, Wm. W.
McCaskey, Douglas.
McCleave, Robert.
Anderson, Edward D.
Brown, Lytle.
Brown, Preston.
Churchill, M.
DeArmond, Edward H.
Hawkins, Hamilton S.
Hines, Frank T.
Colonels.
Arrowsmiih, G. D.
Barker, John W.
Bishop, Percy P.
Black, Roger D.
Bowman, George T.
Brees, Herbert J.
Browning. William S
Buchan, Fred E.
Burt, R. J.
Case, F. L.
Clark, W. F. .
Jervey, Henry.
Johnson, Hugh S.
King, Edward L.
Lochridge, P. D.
Nolan, Dennis E.
Smith, Harry A.
Cocheu, George W.
Collins, E. T.
Conger, Arthur L.
Conley, E. T.
Conrad, C. H., Jr.
Cordier, Constant.
Coward, Jacob M.
Coxe, Alexander B.
Craig, J. W.
Cnrrie, Dennis H.
Drake, C. B.
Lieutenant-Colonels.
McNair, Leslie J.
McNeil, Clarence H.
Marshall, Geo. C., Jr.
Masteller, K. C.
Merriam, Henry C.
Merrill, Dana T.
Miller, Alexander M.
Miller, Frank J.
Montgomery, R. L.
Morrow, Frank J.
Morton, C. E.
Murray, Peter.
Myers, H. B.
Naylor, W. K.
Palmer, John McA.
Pickering, James N.
Prunty, Leonard W.
Raymond, William '.3..
Rees, Robert I.
Richmond, Henry R.
Roberts, Charles D.
Romeyn, C. A.
Ross, Tenney.
Seaman, A. Owen.
Shartile, Samuel G.
Sheldon, Raymond.
Simmons, Benjamin T.
Steese, J. G.
Sultan, Daniel I.
Tebbetts, Harry H.
Townsend, G. L.
Turner, G. S.
Van Deman, Ralph H.
Van Voorhis. Daniel.
Waldron, William H.
Weeks, Charles W.
White, Herbert A.
Whitfield, Robert.
Williams, B. H. L.
Williams, Ezekiel J.
Williamson, L. P.
Wilson, Walter K.
Winterburn, Geo. W.
Wyllie, Robert E.
Young, F. S.
Allen, Charles C.
Bach, C. A.
Bagby, Philip H.
Baird, George H.
Beebe, Royden E.
Bell, William H.
Brabson, Fay W.
Brandt, Alfred.
Brown, Thomas W.
Carrithers, T. W.
Castle, William A.
Chaffin, Andrew D.
Clark, Francis W.
Clendenin, Wm. H.
Cootes, Harry N.
Colladay, Edg:ar B.
Connolly. Donald H.
Cruse, Fred T.
Early, Clifford C.
Fenton, Chauncey L.
Fries, Claude S.
Fuqua, Stephen O.
Gallagher, Walter V.
Gerlington, Creswell.
Gasser, Lorenzo D.
Graham, William B.
Greer, Allen J.
Hester, J. H.
Hodges, Campbell B.
Hughes, William N.
Hunt, Elvid.
Kent, Guy.
Kruger, Walter.
Lee, John C. H.
Lentz, Bernard.
Lewis, C. R.
Lincoln, Francis H.
Lull, Charles E. T.
McCoach, David, Jr.
Mason, Charles H.
Miles, Sherman.
Ohnstad, J. C.
Robinson, O. P.
Spalding, M. E.
Spaulding, Thomas M.
Standiford, Wm. R.
futherland, Samuel J.
weeney, Walter C.
Taylor, Wm. W., Jr.
Telford. Charles
Test, Frederick C.
Tyner, George P.
Wallace, William Z.
Whelan. Townsend.
Wise, M. C.
Addis, Emmet.
Atkins, Joseph A.
Avery, Ray L.
Rnird, Fred H.
Barnes. Theodore. Jr.
Betcher, Alfred J.
Beswell, Walter C.
Case. Holland W.
Chaffee, Adna R.
Donito, Franz A.
Eichelberger, R. L.
Farnum. F. H.
Grier, Harry S.
Majors.
Groninger, Homer M.
Hammond. Thomas W.
Kimball, Richard H.
Kunzig. Louis A.
Lane, Arthur W.
Lee, Alva.
Loughborough, V- B.
Lynch, George A.
Martin, Lawrence.
Patterson, Russell B.
Phenix, Spencer.
Rayner. Harold K.
Rice, Charles H.
506
ALMANAC AN.D YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Wildrick, George A.
William, Sumner M.
Stokely, Carlin C.
Upham, John S.
Wainwright, J. M.
Summary.
By branches of service the staff was divided
as follows: Infantry, 113; cavalry, 41; field
artillery, 11; coast artillery corps, 34; engi-
neers, 11; miscellaneous, 5; total, 216.
CHANGE IN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.
On account o-f the delay in procuring- the
arms needed by the American forces and di-
vision of cuthority the ordnance department
of the army was reorganized early in Janu-
ary, 1918. Secretary Baker announced the
chang-e Jan. 2 as follows:
"Heretofore the business of the ordnance de-
partment has been conducted by five separate
and more or less independent organizations.
Tinder the direction of the chief of ordnance.
These divisions will now be consolidated. The
chief of ordnance will be assisted by an ex-
tensive administrative and advisory staff.
"The principal business functions of the
department, as distinct from the technical de-
signing and other scientific work with which
it is charged, will be carried on by four
operating divisions :
"(a) The procurement division will nego-
tiate all orders and contracts for artillery,
small arms, ammunition, and other articles
heretofore purchased by the various divisions
of the ordnarce department.
"(b) The production division will have gen«
eral charge of production. It will follow up,
supervise and stimulate the production of all-
articles contracted for by the procurement
division.
"(c) The inspection division will inspect
and accept or reject all munitions of war
contracted for by the procurement division.
"(d) The supply division will receive and
distribute all ordnance and ordnance stores,
operate all storehouses and have charge 01
matters pertaining to transportation.
"Experienced business executives will be put
in charge of the procurement and production
divisions, and the work of th9se divisi9ns will
be intrusted to recently commissioned civilians,
supplemented by further acquisition of trained
experts and men of proved business ability."
Division Heads.
Procurement Division — Samuel McRoberts.
Assistant Chief — Robert P. Lament .
Production Division — Guy E. Tripp.
ARMY CORPS ORGANIZATION.
On Nov. 7. 1918. four days before the signing of the armistice, the organization of the
various army corps stood as follows:
Infantry Artillery Artillery
, regiments. s brigades.
51 52 53 54 6
141 142 143 144 61
165 166 167 168 67
305 306 307 308 152
309 310 311
317 318 319
105 106 107
117 118 119
4 7 30
60 61
125 126
137 138
357 358
55 56
109 110
16 18
Army corps.
Div.
Infantry
brigades.
f 6
36
11
71
12
*7'"*
First
\ 42
83
153
155
84
154
156
77
i 78
\ 80
159
160
Second
} 27
53
59
54
60
' I 30
f 3
5
6
Third
1 3|
9
10
1 35
63
69
64
70
L 90
179
180
Fourth
1 7
13
55
14
56
' ( 28
1
1
2
Fifth
J 2
'57
3
58
i */y
L 89
177
178
Sixth ..
. 92
183
184
113
353
114
6
127
139
359
34
111
26
9
115
354 355
312
320
108
120
38
11
128
140
360
64
112
28
23
116
356
365 366 367 368
153
155
52
55
3
5
57
60
165
7
53
1
2
54
164
167
, — regiments. — N
3 78 11
131 132 133
149 150 151
304 305 306
307 308 309
313 314 315
104 105 106
113 114 115
10 76 18
19 20
119 120
128 129
343 344
79 80
107 108
5 6
15 17
110 111
340 341
21
121
130
345
8
109
7
12
112
342
349 350 351
GROWTH OF
[From Secretary Baker's
At the date of the signing of the armistice
over 25 per cent of the entire male popula-
tion of the country between the ages of 18
and 31 were in military service. This repre-
sents a growth in the size of the army in
nineteen months of nearly twentyfold, namely,
from 189.674 in March, 1917, to 3.664, 006
in November, 1918. The steps in this amaz-
ing1 growth are shown in the following table:
1917. *InU. S. tAm. Ex. Total.
April 1 190,000
July 1 480.000
August 1 516.000
September 1... 646,000
October 1 883.000
November 1 996.000
December 1 1,060,000
1918.
January 1 1,149,000
February 1 1,257,000
March 1 1,386.000
April 1 1,476.000
May 1 1,529.000
June 1 1,390.000
July 1 1.384,000
August 1 1,365.000 1,293,000 2,658,000
September 1 1.425,000 1.576,000 3,001,000
20,000
35,000
45.000
65,000
190,000
500,000
551,000
691,000
948.000
104,000 1,100,000
129,000 1.189,000
176,000 1,325,000
225,000 1,482,000
253.000 1,639,000
320,000 1,796,000
424,000 1,953.000
722,000 2.112.000
996.000 2,380,000
THE ARMY,
annual report for 1918.]
1917. »InU. S. tAm. Ex. Total.
October 1 1,599,000 1,834,000 3,433,000
November 1.... 1,672,000 1,993,000 3,665,000
*In United States and foreign possessions.
T American expeditionary force in France and
England.
Growth of Special Services.
March. Nov.,
Service. 1917. 1918.
Infantry and machine g-un... 85,000 974,000
Engineer 3,000 394,000
Field art. and ammun. train. 9.000 389.000
Medical 7,000 300,000
Quartermaster 8,000 228,000
Coast artillery 21,000 137,000
Ordnance 1,000 64,000
Signal 3,000 52,000
Cavalry 22,000 29,000
Air service 0 202.000
Motor transport 0 103,000
Militia bureau 0 27.000
Chemical warfare 0 18,000
Tank 0 14,000
In training •. 549,000
All other 31,000 185,000
Totals 190.000 3,665,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Soldiers by States.
The following: table shows the number and
per cent ol the entire army which was ob-
tained through the selective service law and
through other sources from each state and
territory. It includes voluntary enlistments
under the selective service law: .
State. No.
New York 328,000
Pennsylvania 275.000
Illinois 232.000
Ohio 185.000
Texas 155.000
Michigan 123.000
Missouri 115.000
Massachusetts 114.000
California 102.000
95,000
93.000
92.000
87,000
86,000
79.000
76.000
72,000
70.000
67.000
Pet.
9.5
8.0
6.7
5.4
4.5
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.1
1.7
. State. No-
Arkansas 59.000
Mississippi 58.000
West Virginia 52,000
South Carolina 49000
Connecticut 44000
Maryland 43ioOO
Nebraska 43.000
Washington 39.000
Montana 34.000
Colorado 31.000
f10™^ .... 31.000
South Dakota 28 000
Oregon . v 26.000
North Dakota 25 000
Maine 22.000
Maho .... 17.000
Rhode Island 16 000
Utah 16,000
District oi Columbia 13,000
New Hampshire 12,000
New Mexico 12,000
Wyoming 11,000
Arizona
Vermont . . .
Delaware . .
Nevada . . .
Porto Rico.
Hawaii
Alaska
10.000
9.000
7,000
5.000
16.000
6,000
2.000
Pet.
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.1
.5
.2
.1
Totals 3,441,000 100.0
New Jersey
Indiana .
Iowa
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Georgia . ,
Oklahoma
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Virginia ."."."."."."....."...;...... 67,000
Louisiana 62.000
North Carolina 71.000
Kansas 59.000
SELECTIVE SERVICE REGISTRATION.
Results by states of all the various regis- 1 fiept. 12, 1918, as tabulated by the war de-
trations under the selective service law up to | partment:
June 5, June 5, Aug. 24, Sept. 12,
State. 1917. 1918. 1918. 1918. Total. '
Alabama 182.499 15,358 3,914 235.753 437,124
Arizona 37.355 1,695 335 52.870 92,255
Arkiins3s 149.097 13,208 2,797 193,569 358,671
California 298.989 18,834 3,923 478,410 800,156
Colorado 84,125 6.923 1,356 122.244 214,648
Connecticut 160.037 10,380 2,005 197,426 370,048
Delaware 22.122 1,430 416 30.033 54,001
District of Columbia 32.372 2,622 610 52,751 88,355
Florida 83.226 7,380 1.251 111,058 202,915
Gec-r&Ul 232,537 16,715 3,691 285.475 538,418
Idaho 41.606 2.788 605 58.169 103.168
Illinois «... 645.037 44,842 9,696 852.131 1,551,706
Indiana 255.754 20.093 4,140 350,852 630,839
Iowa 215.939 18,032 3,737 280.303 518,011
Kansas 150.347 13.122 2,646 210.924 377,039
Kentucky 190.629 18,626 3.773 267.905 480,933
Louisiana 159.475 13,819 2,699 209.129 385.122
Mame.. 60.593 5,207 1.106 87,687 154.593
Maryland 121.598 10,428 2,188 177.098 311.312
Massachusetts 362.825 24.909 5,269 475.020 868,023
Michigan 374.317 25.799 5.178 452,771 858,065
Minnes9ta. 222.698 21,029 3,747 286.248 533,717
MISSISSIPPI 139.321 12,071 • 2,660 185.105 339,157
Missouri 297.456 25,608 5,341 421.056 749.461
Montana 88.299 4.255 830 100.784 194.168
Nebraska 118.278 9,875 1,959 152.630 282.742
Nevada 12.090 561 107 17.039 29,797
New Hampshire 37.519 2,776 600 52.003 93 498
New Jersey f 304.208 20,574 4,792 425.136 754.710
New Mexico 33.497 1.674 465 43.326 78,962
New York 1,009.345 69.529 15,115 1,357,044 2,451,033
North Carolina 197.481 16,743 3,833 251.644 469.701
North Dakota 65.963 5,086 1,177 85.728 157,954
Ohio 554.709 43,540 8.946 762,741 1.369,936
Oklahoma 170.956 16,315 3,407 238.748 429,426
Oregon 63.319 4,701 947 106.883 175,850
Pennsylvania 815.973 63,237 13,692 1.149,322 2,042 224
Rhode Island 53.589 3,849 785 73.503 131.726
South Carolina 128.019 10.776 2,532 157.877 299,204
South Dakota 57.899 5,197 1,087 • 78.471 142654
Tennessee 188.946 18.153 3,810 257,609 468518
Texas 409.743 34,256 7,334 621.474 972 807
Utah 44.158 3,051 63O 53.224 101.063
Vermont 27.244 2,354 531 40.887 71,016
Virginia 181.526 15.788 3.335 251.053 451.702
Washington 110.167 7,705 1,688 192.573 312133
West Virginia 125.846 11,522 2.583 179.085 319036
Wisconsin 244.884 20.599 4,301 308.871 578,655
Wyoming 22.896 1.831 285 34.357 59.369
United States 9.586,508 744,865 158,054 12.966,594 23,456,021
50 «
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
RANK AND DISTINGUISHING MARKS IN THE NAVY AND MARINES.
uire OFFICERS.
**»***!
4*fr**| *•**
*?
carw j&uwrau
— »-] STAFF OFFICERS.
'*f II J Same as equal rank of line officers, but corps devices Appear in place of anchors.
rvi [%&i rwi rifri @
' WARRAHT OFHCERS. WARRANT OFflCI ,
^1 |*»» o|
|«H» i | [**»1
3D
ARRANT OFFICERS, WARRANT OFriCERS, MATES.
pBom
•'A I RTAJ
c^fnJH7T o!5!c7ii oTfSst.
..C.S, .^
SLEEVE MARKS OF COMMISSIONED AND WARRANT OFFICERS— NAVY.
tra colors: Medial, aaroon; ?•?, whiw ; prof. Mttb , olhc gnt*.— Staff officers same stripes, but instead of slan,
.-flips colors arc used with stripes. -Corp. color* G*il Ent, thr. V«d. Ret., eriaion; Dwui, ennp.
(Abo used on shoulder devices for ranks below Commodore.)
£ A ,1. X JL 1 J.
tt
:AM. vice ADMIRAL.
MU*CM!i«ST. PWAwSAcSr. pAtL.». '
RATINGS AND A FEW SPECIALTY MARKS— NAVY.
M':: -' l'.
V
NX
SERVICE ARM AND RANK IN THE ARMY.
COLLAR INSIGNIA.
Plain for office™ and enlisted dress uniform. Buttons enlisted service unifor
^^ ^™ nain lor oincers ana enu«ca area uiuiorra. uuiions eniutra service
X T 5ET
FIELD ARTILLEBY. MEDICAL DEPARTHEHT. JTOOE ADVOCATE GEH1
QOARTERMASTER CEirERAL'S
kl
COAST ARIIlLERy. ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT INSPECTOR GENEPAL'S DEPARTMENT CORPS Or ENGINEERS.
^< ?>£ f
DIFANTRT. CAVALRY. ORDNANCE DEPARTME.1I.
COMMISSIONED OFTICIRS INSIGNIA ON SHOULDER LOOPS,
IAJTT CnCRAL. MAJOR GEKERAL. BRIGADIER GENERAL. COLONEL.
CAPTAIN • T..r.
UZUTCNAItT COLONEL.
SECOND LIEUTENANT. Ho loop insignJa. CHAPLAIN . L*:,i
CHEVRONS AND SPECIALTY MARKS.
The more frequent chevrons, only, are given.
The colon of the hat cords ire used in the chevrons.
A few of the specialty marks are given
TC. Ill Cl.ss. GUNNER. ELECTRICIAN.
(s
BANDSMAM. COOt
I
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
609
RANK AND INSIGNIA OF ARMY AND NAVY OFFICERS.
For illustration see opposite page.
The following table shows the rank of commis-
sioned officers in the United States army and ma-
rine corps and the corresponding grades in the
navy:
ARMY AND MARINE
CORPS.
General.
Lieutenant-general.
Major-general.
Brigadier-general.
Colonel.
Lieutenant-colonel.
Major.
Captain.
First lieutenant.
Second lieutenant.
NAVY.
Admiral.
Vice-admiral.
Rear-admiral.
Commodore.
Captain.
Commander.
Lieutenant-commander.
Lieutenant.
Lieutenant, jr. grade.
Ensign.
"conimisfsioned* army officers wear the following
insignia on the shoulder loop.
RANK AND INSIGNIA.
Lieutenant-general— Three silver stars.
Major-general— Two silver stars.
Brigadier-general— One silver star.
Colonel— Silver eagle.
Lieutenat-colonel— Silver oak leaf.
Major— Gold oak leaf.
Captain— Two silver bars.
First lieutenant— One silver bar.
Second lieutenant— No insignia.
Chaplain— Cross.
Commissioned officers of the navy wear the fol-
lowing devices on the collar:
Admiral— Anchor and four stars.
Vice-admiral — Anchor and three stars.
Rear-Admiral—Anchor and two stars.
Captain— Anchor and silver eagle.
Commander— Anchor and silver leaf.
Lieutenant-commander— Anchor and gold leaf.
Lieutenant— Anchor and two bars.
Lieutenant, junior grade — Anchor and one bar.
Following are the army service insignia:
Infantry— Crossed guns.
Cavalry — Crossed sabers.
Field artillery— Crossed cannon and numbers.
Coast artillery — Crossed cannon.
Engineer corps— Castle.
Aviation corps— Globe with wings.
Medical corps— Winged staff and serpents.
Signal corps — Crossed flags.
Quartermaster corps— Eagle on wheel.
Motor transport corps— Winged hat on brouze
wheel.
Hat Cords.
Generals wear hat cords the color of gold, while
those of other officers are gold and black. The
branch of the service to which each enlisted man
belongs is indicated by the color of the hat cord
he wears :
Infantry— Light blue. \
Cavalry — Yellow.
Artillery— Scarlet.
Engineers corps— Scarlet intertwined with white.
Signal corps — Orange intertwined with white.
Medical department — Maroon.
Quartermaster corps— Buff.
Ordnance department — Black intertwined with
white.
Motor transport corps— Purple.
Chevrons.
First class privates wear on their coat sleeves
or shirts the design of the department or service
to which they belong. The designs or chevrons
sewn on the sleeves of noncommissioned officers
are as follows:
Lance corporal— One inverted V-shaped bar.
Corporal— Two bars.
Sergeant — Three bars.
First sergeant — Diamond mark under bars.
Stable sergeant — Horse's head under bars.
Color sergeant — Star under bars.
Battalion quartermaster sergeant — Three hori-
zontal bars.
Chief trumpeter— One bar and bugle.
Regimental Insignia.
The number on a man's coat collar is that of
the regiment to which he belongs. If it is be-
low 101 it shows' that he is in the regular army ;
if it is between 101 and 300 inclusive he is iu the
national guard ; if it is 301 or over he is in the
national army. In addition men in the national
guard and the national army will have on their
collars devices skewing from what state they
come, and in the case of national guards the regi-
ment to which they belonged before being taken
into the federal service, as for example. 111. ; 1st
111. ; Ind. ; 3d Ind.. etc.
By direction of the president the war depart-
ment issued general orders Jan. 12 1918 au-
thorizing1 the following decorations and in-
signia :
Distinguished Service Cross.
A bronze cross of appropriate design and a
ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be award-
ed by the president, or in the name of the
president, by the commanding general of the
American expeditionary forces in Europe to
any person who. while serving in any capacity
with the army, shall hereafter distinguish him-
self or herself, or who, since April 6, 1917, has
distinguished himself or herself, by extraordi-
nary heroism in connection with military oper-
ations against an armed enemy of the United
States under circumstances which do not jus-
tify the award of the medal of honor.
Distinguished Service Medal.
A bronze medal of appropriate design and a
ribbon to be wprn in lieu thereof, to be award-
ed by the president to any person who, while
serving in any capacity with the army, shall
hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who,
since April 6. 1917. has distinguished himself
or herself by exceptionally meritorious service
to the government in a duty of great responsi-
bility in time of war or in connection with
military operations against an armed enemy of
the United States.
War Service Chevron.
_A gold chevron of standard material and de-
sign, to be worn on the lower half of the left
sleeve of all uniform coats, except fatigue
coats, by each officer and enlisted man who
has served six months in the zone of the ad-
vance in the war, and an additional chevron
for each six months of similar service there-
after. Officers and enlisted men of the aviation
service on combat flying duty in Europe will be
credited for the war service chevron with the
time they may be on duty. *
Wound Chevrons.
A gold chevron of pattern identical with that
of the war service chevron, to be worn on the
lower half of the right sleeve of 'all uniform
coats, except fatigue coats, by each officer and
enlisted man who has received, or who may
hereafter receive, a wound in action with the
enemy which necessitates treatment by a medi-
cal officer, and an additional chevron for each
additional wound, but not mqre than one chev-
ron will be worn for two or more wounds re-
ceived at the same time. Disablement by gas
necessitating treatment by a medical officer
shall be considered to be a wound within the
meaning- of this order.
Medal of Honor.
During the present emergency, whenever a
recommendation for the award of the medal of
honor reaches the commanding general of the
American expeditionary forces in Europe, he is
authorized to cable his recommendation for im-
mediate action and to hold the papers until a
reply is received. In the event that his recom-
mendation is approved, he will note the action
taken in his indorsement when forwarding the
papers in the case and will present the medal
to the recipient as the representative of the
510
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
president or will delegate a suitable officer to
act in that capacity.
In any case where the person recommended
for the award of the mtdal of honor is at the
time of the recommendation apparently fatally
wounded or so ill as to endanger his life, the
commanding: general of the expeditionary forces
in Europe is authorized to act immediately
upon the recommendation a& the representative
of the president, afterward reporting1 his action
by cable.
Whenever a recommendation for the award of
the medal of honor is approved by cable, and
whenever a report is received announcing the
award of the distinguished service cross by the
commanding general of the American expedi-
tionary forces in Europe, and whenever the
distinguished service medal is awarded, such
award, with a statement of the circumstances
in each case, will be announced in general or-
ders of the war department by the adjutant-
general of the army without unnecessary delay.
[The medal of honor is the highest token of
valor awarded in the American army. It origi-
nated at the time of the civil war.]
The distinguished service cross and the dis-
tinguished service medal may be awarded post-
humously to persons killed in the performance
of acts meriting such award or to persons
whose death from any cause may have occurred
prior to such award. The medal so awarded
will be issued to the nearest relative of the de-
ceased person.
No individual will be entitled to more than
one distinguished service cross or one distin-
guished service medal, but each additional cita-
tion in war department orders for conduct or
service that would warrant the award of either
of these decorations will entitle the person so
cited to wear upon the ribband pf the decora-
tion and upon the corresponding- ribbon a
bronze oak leaf of approved design, and the
right to wear such oak leaf will be announced
as a part of the citation. Other citations for
gallantry in action published in orders issued
from the headquarters of a force commanded
by a general officer will be indicated in each
case by a silver star three-sixteenths of an inch
in diameter worn upon the ribband of the dis-
tinguished service cross and upon the corre-
sponding ribbon.
When an officer or enlisted man is admitted
to a hospital for treatment of a wound, or
when an officer or enlisted man is treated for
a wound with9ut being admitted to a hospital,
the commanding officer of the hospital, or.
in the latter case, the medical officer who
treats the wound, will furnish the commanding
officer of the wounded person with a certificate
describing briefly the nature of the wound and
certifying to the necessity of the treatment.
This information may be furnished to com-
manders of higher units in the form of certified
lists and will be transmitted by them to the
commanding officers concerned.
Commanding officers will forward to the ad-
jutant-general of the army, through military
channels, lists in duplicate of those officers and
enlisted men of their commands who have been
honorably wounded in action, with a statement
in the case of each individual, showing time
and place wounds were received and organiza-
tion in which they were then serving. When-
ever a report is made of an action, it will be
accompanied by the above described list and by
certified copies of the medical officers' state-
ments.
Upon receipt of lists of wounded the com-
manding general of the American expeditionary
forces in Europe is authorized to grant the
right to wear the wound chevron to the per-
sons concerned, and he will note his action by
indorsement in forwarding the papers.
The right to wear the wound chevron shall
be confined to those who are authorized to do
so by letter from the adjutant-general of the
army or from the commanding general of the
American expeditionary forces in Europe.
Requests for the issue or purchase of these
chevrons will be accompanied by a list of the
persons for whom they are desired, for the in-
formation of the commanding officer who au-
thorizes the issue. The officer, before approv-
ing a requisition or a purchase, will verify the
right of the persons concerned to wear the
chevrons requested. Requests for authority to
wear the wound chevron on account of wounds
received prior to the present war will be for-
warded with all available evidence to the ad-
jutant-general of the army for verification
through the war department records and ap-
propriate action.
Mexican Service Badge,
The following order was issued by the war
department in February, 1918:
By authority of the president, a service badge
with ribbon, to be known as the Mexican serv-
ice badge, will be issued to all officers and en-
listed men who are now or may hereafter be
in the military service of the United States,
and^ whose service has been under the follow-
ing conditions:
(a) In Mexico, afloat or ashore, as members
of the Vera Cruz expedition between April 24
1914. and Nov. 26. 1914.
. (b) In Mexico as members of the punitive or
other authorized expeditions between March
14. 1916. and Feb. 7. 1917.
(c) Those who were actually present and
participated in an engagement against Mexicans
between April 12, 1911. and Feb. 7. 1917, in
which there were casualties on the side of the
United States troops.
(d) Those who were present as members of
the Mexican border patrol between April 12,
1911, and Feb. 7, 1917, in proximity to an en-
gagement between Mexicans which resulted in
casualties among their own company, troop,
battery or detachment.
The distribution of this badge will be gov-
erned by the provisions of article VIII., com-
pilation of general orders, circulars and bulle-
tins, war department. 1881-1915. No individ-
ual will be entitled to more than one Mexican
service badge.
Persons not now in the army of the United
States, who. if they had remained in the serv-
ice would be entitled to this badge and whose
separation from the service has been honor-
able, may apply to the adjutant-general of the
army for authority to purchase and wear the
Mexican service badge.
Wound and Service Chevrons in Navy.
Wound and service chevrons for men in the
naval service, afloat or ashore in Europe were
authorized by the secretary of the navy Sept.
25, 1918. The chevrons are similar to those
worn in the army and take the form of a V-
shaped bar of gold braid for blue uniforms
and yellow silk lace or braid for white. Serv-
ice chevrons are worn on the lower half of the
left sleeve and wound chevrons on the right
sleeve.
War service chevrons will be given as fol-
lows:
Served three months or more since April 6,
1917. afloat or ashore, on duty east of the
thirty-seventh meridian west of Greenwich.
Served afloat three months or more since May
25, 1918. on vessels that have cruised on the
hicrh seas of the Atlantic ocean north of the
equator.
Served on vessels that have been torpedoed or
fired upon.
Served on aviation duty in the United States,
making actual flights in search of enemy ves-
sels since May 25, 1918.
Service on transports and convoying shipa
shall be included.
.ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
511
UNITED STATES ARMY PAY.
Statement of the system of pay of the army
authorized by the quartermaster-general:
Commissioned Officers.
Rank Per year.
General $10.000
Lieutenant-general o'nnn
Major-general 8.000
Brigadier-general V-X™
Colonel 4.000
Lieutenant-colonel x-XXJC
Major 3.000
Captain 2,400
First lieutenant ?'°99
Second lieutenant 1.700
In the cases of colonels and pther commis-
sioned officers of lower rank an increase of 10
per cent, known as longevity pay, is allowed
for each period of five years of service, pro-
vided that such increase shall not exceed 40
per cent. Officers of higher rank than colonel
receive no increase for continuous service.
All officers are entitled to be furnished pub-
lic quarters, with fuel and light, but if these
cannot be provided the officers receive a com-
muted money value of the same. The allow-
ance for quarters for a second lieutenant is
2 rooms, or $24 per month; for a first lieu-
tenant, 3 rooms or commutation of $36 per
month: a captain, 4 rooms or commutation
of $48: major. 5 rooms or commutation of
$60: lieutenant-colonel, 6 rooms or commuta-
tion of $72; colonel. 7 rooms or commutation
of $84: brigadier-general, 8 rooms or commu-
tation of $96: major-general, 9 rooms or com-
mutation of $108; lieutenant-general, 10 rooms
or commutation of $120, and a general, 11
rooms or commutation of $132. All receive a
suitable allowance for heat and light, de-
pendent upon the locality of their stations and
the season. While on foreign service officers
receive an increase of 10 per cent of their
base pay and longevity pay.
Aerial Flight Increases.
Aviation officers of the signal corps, or offi-
cers attached to the signal corps, while on
duty which requires them to participate reg-
ularly and frequently in aerial flights, are en-
titled to an increase in the pay of their grade,
under their commissions, as follows: Aviation
officers. 25 per cent; junior military aviators,
50 per cent: military aviators, 75 per cent.
Each junior military aviator and each mili-
tary aviator duly qualified and serving has the
rank, pay and allowances of one grade higher
than that held by them under their commis-
sions, provided that the ranks under their com-
missions are not higher than that of captain.
Pay of Enlisted Men.
The pay of enlisted men depends on their
grades, ratings and length of service. From
June 1. 1917, and continuing during the term
of the war the pay of enlisted men is as
follows :
Men receiving $30: All privates, the army
entering grade.
Men receiving $33 : First-class privates, men
promoted to act in minor noncommissioned
officer capacity.
Men receiving $36: Corporals, saddlers, me-
chanics, farriers and wagoners, and musicians
of the third class.
Men receiving $38: All sergeant grades in
the line, which include infantry, field artillery,
coast artillery and cavalry: cooks, horseshoers.
band corporals and musicians of the second
class.
Men receiving $44: Sergeants of the various
corps of the engineers, ordnance, signal corps,
quartermaster corps and medical department:
band sergeants and musicians of the first class.
Men receiving $48 : Battalion sergeant majors,
squadron sergeant majors, sergeant majors
(junior grade), sergeant buglers, master gun-
ners and assistant band leaders of the line.
Men receiving $51 : Regimental sergeant
majors, regimental supply sergeants, sergeant
majors .(senior grade), quartermaster sergeants
of the quartermaster corps, ordnance sergeants,
first sergeants, electrician sergeants of the first
class, assistant engineers and battalion sergeant
majors and battalion supply sergeants of the
engineers.
Men receiving $56: Sergeants, first class, of
the medical department.
Men receiving $71: Hospital sergeants, mas-
ter engineers of the junior grade and engi-
neers.
Men receiving $81: Quartermaster sergeants
of the senior grade of the quartermaster corps,
band leaders, master signal electricians, master
electricians, master engineers of the senior
grade and master hospital sergeants.
Assignment to Special Duties.
These are the established grades of the en-
listed men, but they may variously be assigned
to such special duties as chauffeurs, switch-
board operators, cobblers, clerks, camoufleurs,
sanitary inspectors, draftsmen, stevedores, ac-
countants, plumbers and such other occupa-
tions and trades as are necessary to meet the
requirements of army service.
In addition to the rates of pay for enlisted
men heretofore mentioned, supplemental pay
or allowances are made as follows:
(1) Increased pay is allowed for continuous
service, computed under what is known as "en-
listment period." An enlistment period ordi-
narily represents a period of three or four
years, dependent upon the law in effect at
date of enlistment. There are seven such
periods, covering a period of service of from
1 year to more than 18 years, provided for,
and the increases range from $3 to $24 per
month, according to the grade and length of
service. Men in the grade of private calling
for $30 per month are increased $3 per month
during the second enlistment period, an addi-
tional $3 during the third enlistment period,
and $1 per month for each additional enlist-
ment period to include the seventh enlistment
period. Men above the $30 grade and up to
and including the $38 grade are entitled to
$3 per month additional pay for each enlist-
ment period from the second to the seventh
for each successive enlistment period. Men
above the $38 grade are entitled to $4 per
month additional pay for each enlistment
period from the second to the seventh.
Some Additional Ratings.
(2) Enlisted men of the coast artillery, be-
low the grade of mess sergeant, are entitled to
the following additional ratings, according to
established individual qualifications: Casement
electricians, observers of the first class, plot-
ters and coxswains, $9 per month: chief plant-
ers, observers of second class, chief loaders,
gun commanders and gun pointers, $7 per
month; enlisted men of the field artillery —
expert first-class gunners, $5 per month: first-
class gunners, $3 per month, and second-class
gunners. $2 per month: enlisted men of the
cavalry, engineers and infantry — expert rifle-
men, $5 per month; sharpshooters, $3 per
month, and marksmen, $2 per month: enlisted
men of the medical department— surgical as-
sistants, $5 per month; nurse (enlisted man),
$3 per month, and dispensary assistant. $2
per month.
(3) Enlisted men of the signal corps, while
on duties which require them to participate
regularly in aero flights, assuming that they
have rating of aviation mechanician, receive
50 per cent increase in their monthly pay.
Housing and Subsistence.
(4) All enlisted men, while on detached duty
not in the field where there are no army quar-
ters available, receive in addition to their pay
$15 per month to cover the expense of housing
and also a suitable allowance for subsistence
and for heat and light.
r.i-2
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
(5) Enlisted men, if serving in a foreign
country or beyond the continental limits of
the United States (Porto Rico. Hawaii and
Panama Canal Zone excepted) receive 20 per
cent increase in pay computed on the base
pay and service pay prevailing prior to June
I, 1917. when an act of congress increased,
for the "term of the emergency," the pay of
all enlisted men in amounts ranging from 50
per cent to 8 per cent.
(6) Enlisted men attached to the United States
Military academy are entitled to the same pay
and allowances as other enlisted men of the
regular army of the same grade and additional
compensation provided for performing certain
duties upon detail therefor in orders.
For deeds of valor, recognized by acts of
congress, officers and enlisted men receive cer-
tificates of merit which entitle them to an ad-
ditional compensation of $2 per month.
Allowances at Retirement.
Enlisted men can apply for retirement after
30 years of service. They are retired on 75
per cent of the monthly pay drawn at the
time of retirement, and $15.75 a month addi-
tional in lieu of allowances.
Officers are retired for disability or after 64
years of age, and receive 75 per cent of the
pay of the grade held at date of retirement.
An enlisted man in active service has no
necessary personal expenses except for barber
and laundry. Uniforms, underclothing, shoes,
hats, quarters, medical attendance and sub-
sistence are supplied them at government ex-
pense. Such materials as tobacco, postage,
confectionery and incidentals of individual
taste may be purchased at the post exchange
at cost.
Officers, while in hospital, are charged $1
per day for subsistence. They are not en-
titled to clothing or equipment and are re-
quired to subsist themselves, purchasing their
supplies either from the quartermaster or
through the ordinary channels of trade.
NAVY PAY TABLE.
From official statement issued by committee
on public information, Washington, D. C., Jan.
II, 1918.
All commissioned officers of the active list
of the navy receive the same pay and allow-
ances according to rank and length of service.
Officers of the medical, pay and construction
corps, chaplains, civil engineers and professors
of mathematics have the relative ranks of the
various grades of the line, the annual base
pay of each grade being as follows:
Admiral (in command of fleet) $10,000
Vice-admiral (second in command of
fleet) 9,000
Rear-admiral, upper half 8,000
Rear-admiral, lower half 6.000
Commodore 6,000
Captain 4,000
Commander 3,500
Lieutenant-commander 3.000
Lieutenant 2,400
Lieutenant (junior grade) 2,000
Ensign 1,700
To eacjh commissioned officer below the rank
of rear-admiral is allowed 10 per cent of his
yearly base pay for each five years of service
in the army, navy and marine corps, but not
exceeding in all 40 per cent. Additional pro-
vision is made by law that the pay of a
captain shall not exceed $5,000, a commander
$4,500. and a lieutenant-commander $4,000 per
annum.
Sea and Foreign Shore Duty.
An officer on sea or on shore duty beyond
the continental limits of the United States re-
ceives while so serving 10 per cent additional
of his pay.
An officer on shore duty where no govern-
irent quarters are furnished is paid $12 per
month for each of the number of rooms to
which his rank entitles him, that is:
Rooms.
Rear-admiral, upper half 9
Rear-admiral, lower half 8
Captain „ 7
Cpmmander 0
Lieutenant-commander 5
Lieutenant 4
Lieutenant (junior grade) 3
Ensign, warrant officer and nurse 2
Varying allowances for heat and light, de-
pending upon the month and place of duty,
are made for the number of rooms actually
occupied, but not exceeding the number to
which an officer's rank entitles him.
Aids to rear-admirals of the upper half are
each paid $200 per annum and aids to rear-
admirals of the lower half $150 each per
annum.
Student Naval Aviators.
Officers of the navy appointed student naval
aviators and while detailed for duty involving
actual flying in aircraft receive the pay and
allowances of the rank plus 35 per cent in-
crease thereof, and those officers who have
qualified as naval aviators shall, while so de-
tailed, receive the pay and allowances of their
rank plus 50 per cent thereof.
Boatswains, gunners, pay clerks, machinists,
carpenters, sailmakers and pharmacists are
known as warrant officers and are paid as
follows :
On Waiting
At sea. shore, orders.
First 3 years' service $1,500 $1,125 $875
Second 3 years' service.. 1,625 1.250 1,000
Third 3 years' service... 1,750 1,625 1,125
Fourth 3 years' service.. 2.000 1,750 1,250
After 12 years' service .. 2,250 2,000 1,500
Warrant officers on shore duty receive the
same allowances for quarters and heat and
light as an ensign.
After six years from date of warrant these
officers are, if duly qualified, commissioned
chief warrant officers and receive the pay and
allowances of ensign. After six years from
date of commission each commissioned war-
rant officer with a creditable record receives
the pay and allowances of a lieutenant (junior
grade), and after twelve years from date of
commission the pay and allowances of a lieu-
tenant.
Warrant officers while attached to a sea-
going ship are paid a ration allowance of 40
cents per day.
All officers in the regular navy are required
to provide their own uniforms and to pay lor
subsistence both ashore and afloat.
The Enlisted Personnel.
The enlisted personnel of the navy is of vari-
ous classifications, depending upon their duties.
Entry into the service is usually made in the
lower ratings and the men jre advanced upon
the establishment of qualifications for the
higher ratings. The following tables show
the classifications and the base monthly pay
of each rating during the present war as pro-
vided by the act of May 22. 1917:
Chief Petty Officers.
Chief master at arms $77.50
Chief boatswain's mates 61.00
Chief gunners' mates 61.00
Chief turret captains 72.00
Chief quartermasters 61.00
Chief machinists' mates 83.00
Chief electricians 72.00
Chief carpenters' mates 61.00
Chief water tenders 61.00
Chief yeomen 72.00
Chief storekeepers 61.00
Chief pharmacists' mates 72.00
Bandmasters 63.20
Chief commissary stewards 83.00
Chief printers 72.00
Any of the above-named chief petty officers
who has served as such for one year with
credit is given what is known as a "per-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
513
nianent appointment," which increases his base
pay to $83 per month.
Petty Officers, First Class.
Master at arms, first class $52.00
Boatswain's mates, first class 52.00
Gunners' mates, first class 52.00
Turret captains, first class (il.OO
Quartermasters, first class 52.00
Boilermakers 77.50
Machinists' mates, first class 06.50
Coppersmiths 06.50
Shipfitters, first class (56.50
Electricians, first class (51.00
Blacksmiths (51.00
Plumbers and fitters 55.50
Sailmakers' mates 52.00
Carpenters' mates, first class 52.00
Water tenders 52.00
Painters, first class 52.00
Storekeepers, first class 52.00
Pharmacists' mates, first class 52.00
Yeomen, first class 52.00
First musicians. 47.60
Commissary stewards ' 72.00
Ships' cooks, first class 66.50
Bakers, first class 55.50
Printers, first class 52.00
Petty Officers, Second Class.
Master at arms, second class $46.50
Boatswain's mates, second class 46.50
Gunners' mates, second class i 46.50
Quartermasters, second class 46.50
Machinists' mates, second class 52.00
Electricians, second class 52.00
Shipfitters, second class 52.00
Oilers 48.70
Carpenters' mates, second class 46.50
Printers, second class 46.50
Painters, second class 46.50
Storekeepers, second class 46.50
Yeomen, second class 46.50
Ships' cooks, second class 52.00
Pharmacists' mates, second class 46.50
Petty Officers, Third Class.
Master at arms, third class $41.00
Coxswains 41.00
Gunners' mates, third class 41.00
Quartermasters, third class 41.00
Electricians, third class 41.00
Carpenters' mates, third class 41.00
Painters, third class 41.00
Storekeepers, third class 41.00
Yeomen, third class 41.00
pharmacists' mates, third class 41.00
Seamen, First Class.
Seamen gunners $36.60
Seamen 38.40
Firemen, first class 46.50
Shipwrights 35.50
Musicians, first class 43.20
Ships' cooks, third class 41.00
Bakers, second class 46.50
Hospital apprentice, first class 38.40
Seamen, Second Class.
Seamen, second class $35.90
Firemen, second class 41.00
Musicians, second class 41.00
Buglers 41.00
Ships' cooks, fourth class 35.50
Hospital apprentice, second class 35.90
Seamen, Third Class.
Apprentice seamen $32.60
Firemen, third class 36.20
Landsmen 32.60
Messmen Branch.
Stewards to commanders in chief $72.00
Cooks to commanders in chief 61.00
Stewards to commandants 72.00
Cooks to commandants 61.00
Cabin stewards 61.00
Cabin cooks 55.50
Wardroom stewards 61.00
Wardroom cooks 55.50
Steerage stewards $46.50
Steerage cooks 41.00
Warrant officers' stewards 46.50
Warrant officers' cooks 41.00
Mess attendants, first class (United
States citizen) 41.00
Mess attendants, second class (United
States citizen) 35.50
Mess attendants, third class (United
States citizen) 37.00
Mess attendants, first class (not United
States citizen) 38.40
Mess attendants, second class (not Unit-
ed States citizen) 37.00
Mess attendants, third class (not United
States citizen) 32.60
In addition to the pay as provided in the
above tables the following' amounts are also
paid monthly to each enlisted man who is
Qualified to receive them : ,
$1.50 for each successive re-enlistment lor
four years within four months of date of
honorable discharge from previous enlistment.
$5.50 for first re-enlistment and $3.30 for
each subsequent re-enlistment, if citizen of the
United States and completed previous enlist-
ment.
$2.20 if a seaman gunner.
$2.20 if a graduate of a petty officers' school.
$5.50 to a steward or cook who holds a cer-
tificate of qualification and is a citizen of
the United States.
83 cents for each good conduct medal a man
holds.
Extra Monthly Compensation.
The following extra monthly compensations
are paid to men who perform the transient
duties specified:
$5 to a seaman in charge of hold.
$5 to a coxswain of a steam or motor launch.
$5 to a captain of a gun's crew.
$5 to a jack-of-the-dust.
$5 to a lamplighter.
$5 to a messman.
From $10 to $30 to a mail clerk, the
amount depending upon the complement of
the ship.
From $2 to $10 to a man who qualifies at
target practice as a gun pointer, the amount
depending upon the caliber of the gun.
From $1 to $3 to a signalman.
From $10 to $20 to a tailor or tailor's
helper, the amount depending upon the com-
plement of ship.
Pay for Special Duties.
For special duties or details the following
compensations are paid:
$1.20 per hour to divers for the actual
time spent under water.
33 cents per day to seamen detailed for duty
as firemen.
$5 per month for submarine service.
$1 per day (but not exceeding $15 per
month) spent submerged in submarine, if
qualified for tprpedo work.
A man detained beyond the expiration of
his enlistment receives one-fourth additional
of all pay while so detained.
A man receives a gratuity of four months'
pay if he re-enlists within four months and
presents an honorable discharge from his last
enlistment.
Each enlisted man receives on first enlist-
ment an outfit of clothing and small stores
free of charge. Any articles subsequently
drawn are issued at cost price.
Enlisted men are subsisted by the govern-
ment. Men on detached duty are furnished
cash in lieu of subsistence.
Men discharged are either furnished trans-
portation to their homes and all expenses while
en route or are paid 4 cents per mile for the
total number of miles from place of discharge
to their homes.
On board each ship of the navy and at each
station on shore is maintained a commissary
store at which may be purchased at cost price
514
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
such articles as are usually sold in civilian
stores and shops.
Officers on the retired list receive three-
fourths of their active duty pay.
Enlisted men are retired after 30 years'
service and are paid three-fpurths of total
pay and allowances they received at date of
retirement and cash in lieu of Quarters and
subsistence.
Officers and men of the naval reserve force
and the national naval volunteers while on
active duty receive the same pay and allow-
ances as those of same rank and length of
service in the regular navy.
When first called into active service in time
of war or national emergency a uniform gra-
tuity of $150 is allowed each officer of the
naval reserve and $00 each enlisted man.
RECONSTRUCTION HOSPITALS FOR DIS-
ABLED SOLDIERS.
The following statement was issued by the
United States war department Aug. 1, 1918:
The surgeon-general, with the approval of
the general staff, announces the completion oi
plans for the physical reconstruction of dis-
abled soldiers in the general military hospitals.
These plans are formulated with a view to
close co-operation with the war department
committee on education and special service in
the work of restoring men to lull or limited
military service, and with the federal board
for vocational education, which is authorized
by the law to provide vocational training for
disabled men after their discharge from the
army and navy.
The records of 516 cases treated in four hos-
pitals show 134 men at>le to return to full
military duty, 210 fit for limited service and
172 who are eligible for discharge. In the
last group twelve are classed as helpless or
institutional cases. 121 are able to return to
their former occupations, and thirty-nine will
need further training to fit them for earning
a livelihood. These figures show the division
of responsibility in the work of reconstruc-
tion.
The task of fitting men for further military
service is at present the most pressing need
because wherever an ablebodied man behind
the lines can be replaced by one less fit phys-
ically, but vocationally capable, a soldier is
gained for active duty. • The reconstruction
work in the hospitals, therefore, will empha-
size technical training in all lines capable of
adaptation to the physical limitations of dis-
abled men and in which employment will act
as a therapeutic agent. When play and work
and study will help a man to get well, this
kind of medicine will be prescribed to the
patient. If the work he does leads to further
service in the army or to better prospects in
civilian life so much the better.
HOSPITALS DESIGNATED.
The surgeon-general has designated the fol-
lowing general military hospitals for the work
of physical reconstruction :
Walter Reed General hospital. Washington.
'General hospital No. 2. Fort McHenry. Md.
General hospital No. 3. Colonia. N. J.
General hospital No. 6. Fort McPherson, Ga.
General hospital No. 7. Roland park. Balti-
more (for the blind).
General hospital No. 8. Otisville, N. Y.
General hospital No. 4, Fort Porter. Nl Y.
General hospital No. 9. Lakewood. N. J.
General hospital No. 11, Cape May. N. J.
General hospital No. 16. New Haven. Conn.
General hospital No. 17. Markleton. Pa.
Letterman General hospital. San Francisco.
United States Army hospital. Fort Des
Moines. la.
Plattsburg Barracks hospital, Plattsburg1
Barracks, N. Y.
General hospital. Fort Bayard, N. M.
POLICY TO BE FOLLOWED.
The policy to be followed in these hospitals,
as announced by the surgpon-general. is that
hereafter no member ol the military service
disabled in line of duty, even though not ex-
pected to return to duty, will be discharged
from service until he shall have attained com-
plete recovery or as complete recovery as may
be expected when the nature of his disability is
considered. In furtherance of this policy,
physical reconstruction is defined as complete
mental and surgical treatment carried to the
point of maximum functional restoration, both
mental and physical. To secure this result all
methods recognized by modern medicine as con-
ducive to cure will be utilized. In other
words, not only the ordinary means of medicine
and surgery, including all specialties, will be
utilized, but also physical measures such as
are employed under physiotherapy, including
hydro, electro and mechanotherapy. active ex-
ercises, indoor and outdoor games, and passive
exercise in the form of massage. Provision in
the form of adequate buildings and equipment
for physiotherapy have been adopted in each
of the hospitals.
FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION, AIM.
Modern medicinal treatment does not end with
physical cure. Functional restoration is the
final aim of the modern physicians and sur-
geons. It is conceded that the physical re-
habilitation of disabled men is peculiarly de-
pendent upon their mental attitude. The more
serious the disability, the greater the danger
of mental depression and an indisposition to
respond to medical and surgical treatment. The
educational «work should begin, therefore, at
the moment when the man has arrived at the
stage where he begins to worry about his
future, whether in this country or overseas.
The first problem is to divert his attention
by simple recreation, through reading, pictures,
games, handiwork occupations and the like,
with a view to securing a genuine interest in
the attainment of some worthy end — the end
most certain to hold his attention and to claim
'his best efforts in his future vocation, Hence,
by gradual steps he may be induced to supple-
ment his previous vocational experience by ac-
ademic, scientific, or technical instruction, or
to choose a new vocation and begin prepara-
tion for it if such a course is necessary.
The need of "cheer up" work in the hospi-
tals extends to all who are mentally capable
of planning for their own future. This means
a relatively large proportion of the entire
number. The beginning is made at the bedside
with handicrafts of various kinds grouped un-
der the term "occupational therapy." When
the man is able to leave the ward and can
be benefited physically by technical training,
he has the opportunity of working at spe- '
cific trades either in the curative workshop,
in specially provided classrooms, or out oi
doors.
The teachers for this work have been secured
from the convalescent disabled soldiers who
are already skilled in their vocations and from
the enlisted personnel of the army secured by
transfer or by induction of registrants dis-
qualified for general military service, but quali-
fied for special limited service. These instruc*
tors work under the direction of educational
officers chosen for their professional standing
in civil life and commissioned in the sanitary
corps of the medical department. The gen«
eral staff has just authorized commissions
for 119 educational officers for this purpose,
CLASSES OF DISABLED SOLDIERS.
From the military standpoint disabled sol-
diers may be placed in three general classes:
(a) Those who can be restored to full duty.
(b) Those who can be fitted for limited
service.
(c) Those disabled to the extent of unfitting'
them for further military service.
It is the announced policy of the surgeon-
general that Patients of the first class (a)
should have, when Circumstances warrant It,
the benefit of therapeutic treatment through
play, work and study, as may be prescribed by
medical officers, in order that their morale may
be stiffened, their special skills improved, their
future usefulness increased, and their recov-
ery hastened.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
515
Patients of the second class (b) should have,
whenever conditions permit and the medical
officers approve, such specific training — phys-
ical and vocational— as will in the judgment of
the educational officers best fit such patients
for limited service of a particular kind. At
£ resent patients are being: trained in general
ospitals for limited service as general, and
vocational teachers, typists, printers, tailors,
cobblers, harnessmakers, welders, motor mech-
anicians, painters, machine wprkers, wood-
workers, bookkeepers, statisticians, telegra-
phers, photographers, telephone operators,
cooks, storekeepers, electricians, etc.
"CIST TO BE EXTENDED.
The list will be extended with the advice
and co-operation of the committee on educa-
tion and special service of the war . depart-
ment to meet other needs as they arise. In
connection with the large general .hospitals
there is abundant opportunity for practice in
many trades and occupations. At Fort Mc-
Pherspn. for example, practical experience can
be gained in twenty different trades. More-
over, there is immediately adjacent to the hos«
pital a large quartermaster's mechanical repair
shop, covering all phases of mechanical repair
and construction to which men can be assigned
for limited service or to gain experience.
Patients of the third class (c) should be
encouraged in every possible way to accept the
benefits accorded them for vocational training
by the federal board for vocational education.
To this end they should have while, in the
hospital such physical training- and general
education as will best promote their physical
reconstruction and at the same time contribute
most to their vocational training. Patients
who do not elect or who are not eligible to
continue their education under the federal
board should receive such training as the
medical and educational officers deem best in
each individual case.
ARMY ORGANIZATION.
The following statement outlining the new army
organization for overseas service was made pub-
lic by the war department Sept. 22, 1917:
Strength of Infantry Regiment.
At maximum strength an infantry regiment will
comprise 103 officers and 3,652 men. It will be
made up as follows, the figures including officers
and men:
1 headquarters and headquarters company... .
3 battalions of 4 rifle companies each 3,078
1 supply company 1*0
1 machine gun company lijj
1 medical detachment °°
3.755
Each rifle company has a strength of 250 men
and 6 officers. It is composed of a company head-
quarters (2 officers and 18 men) and four platoons.
Each platoon includes:
1 headquarters
1 section bombers and rifle grenadiers 22
2 sections1 riflemen, 12 each 24
1 section auto riflemen (4 guns) 11
59
The machine gun company has 6 officers and 172
men. It consists of the headquarters (3 officers
and 21 men), 3 platoons (each with 1 officer and
46 men), and a train (13 men). Its armament is
12 machine guns of heavy type and 4 spare guns.
Transportation and Equipment.
The transportation equipment of the regiment
Is: 22 combat wagons, 16 rolling kitchens, 2:
baggage and ration wagons, 16 ration carts, 15
water carts, 3 medical carts, 24 machine gun
carts, 59 riding horses, 8 riding mules, 332 draft
mules, 2 motorcyles with side cars, 1 motor car,
42 bicycles.
New fighting equipment for each regiment, in
addition to the usual rifles, bayonets, pistols, etc.,
includes 480 trench knives (40 to each company),
192 automatic rifles (16 to each company), and
3 one-pounder cannon manned by the one-pounder
cannon platoon of the regimental headquarters
company.
Headquarters Company.
Each regimental headquarters company Is made
up of 7 officers and 294 men, ns follows:
One headquarters platoon (93 officers and men)
including 1 staff section (36 officers and men), 1
orderlies section (29 men), 1 band section (28
men).
One signal platoon (77 officers1 and men) Includ-
ing 1 telephone section (51 men), 1 section with
headquarters (10 men), 1 section with 3 bat-
talions (16 officers and men).
One sappers' and bombers' platoon (43 officers
and men) including 1 section sappers (9 men)
for digging and special work, 1 section bombers
(34 officers and men).
One pioneer platoon (55 officers and men) for
engineer work.
One one-pounder cannon platoon (33 officers and
men).
Infantry Divisions.
The following summary of the organization of
an infantry division completes the general out-
line of organization of the United States army
for service in Europe. The figures are the total
of officers and men for each entry. Each infantry
division comprises:
1 division headquarters 164
1 machine gun battalion of 4 companies' 768
2 infantry brigades, each composed of 2 in-
fantry regiments and 1 machine gun bat-
talion of 3 companies 16,420
1 field artillery brigade composed of 3 field
artillery regiments and 1 trench mortar
battery 5,068
1 field signal battalion 262
1 regiment of engineers 1,666
1 train headquarters and military police 337
1 ammunition train.. 962
1 supply train 472
1 engineer train 84
1 sanitary train composed of 4 field hospital
companies and 4 ambulance companies 949
27.152
Artillery and Machine Gun Strength.
The new organization increases the ratio of ar-
tillery and machine gun strength of infantry. In
place of the old division of three brigades with
three infantry regiments in each are two brigades
with two infantry regiments in each. But in the
new as in the old organization there are three
regiments of field artillery in each division, mak-
ing the ratio of artillery to infantry regiments
three to four, in place of three to nine. A trench
mortar battery, added to the artillery brigade,
and a one-pounder platoon, attached to each in-
fantry regiment headquarters company, adds to
the gun strength of the division.
A division now includes a total 'Of fourteen ma-
chine gun companies. Each of the four infantry
regiments has one ; each of the two brigades has
a machine gun battalion of three companies, and
the division has a machine gun battalion of four
companies. This gives each division a mobile
machine gun strength of ten companies, which
can be used as special needs require, while each
regiment still has its own machine gun equip-
ment in one of its component companies. And,
in addition, there are forty-eight sections of auto-
riflemen, each section carrying four light machine
guns (automatic rifles), one section in each of
the four platoons' making up each rifle company.
SPECIAL AND TECHNICAL TROOPS.
General order 108.
1. Under authority conferred by section 2. act
of May 18, 1917, the president directs that there
be organized for the period of the existing emer-
gency, the enlisted strength being raised and
maintained by voluntary enlistment or draft, the
following special and technical engineer troops:
516
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOOK FOR 1919.
A. For each army:
Special service— to consist of:
(1) A gas and flame service ; 1 regt. engrs.
(2) A mining service: 1 regtl. liqrs. ; 6 engr.
cos. (mining).
(3) A water supply service: 1 regtl. hqrs. ; 6
engr. cos. (water supply).
(4) A general construction service: 1 regtl.
hqrs.; 6 engi. cos. (construction).
(5) An engineer supply service: 1 regtl. hqrs. ;
1 batln. engrs. (supply) of 3 cos.; 1 batln. engrs.
(workshop) of 3 cosi. ; 1 service batln. (4 cos.).
(6) A surveying and printing service: 1 batln.
engrg. (topographical) ; additional officers will be
attached as needed.
(7) A road service: 1 regtl. hqrs.; 4 batlns.
engrs. (road) of 3 cos. each; 6 service batlns. (4
cos. each) ; 10 truck cos. (31 trucks each) ; 5 wag-
on cos. (61 wagons each).
(8) An army ponton park.
B. For the line of communications:
(1) A general construction service: 1 regtl.
hqrs.: 6 engr. cos. (construction) ; 6 service
batlns. (4 cos. each).
(2) An engineer supply service: 1 regtl. hqrs. ;
2 batlns, engrs. (supply) of 3 cos. each; 2 batlns.
engrs. (workshop) of 3 cos. each; 3 service
batlns. (4 cos. each).
(3) A forestry service: 1 regtl. hqrs. ; 10
batlns. engrs. (forestry) of 3 cos. each; 9 serv-
ice batlns (4 cos. each).
(4) A quarry service: 1 regtl. hqrs. ; 2 batlns.
engrs. (quarry) of 3 cos. each; 3 service batlns.
(4 cos. each). '
(5) A light railway service, consisting of the
following:
Construction department— 1 regtl. hqrs. ; 5
batlns. engrs. (railway) of 3 cos. each; 3 serv-
ice batlns. (4 cos. each).
Operation and mechanical department — 1 regtl.
hqrs. ; 4 batlns. engrs. (railway) of 3 cos. each;
3 service batlns. (4 cos. each).
(6) A standard gauge railway service, consist-
ing of the following:
Construction departments — 5 regts. engrs. (rail-
way) (the llth, 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th engrs.
[railway], nat. army) ; 8 service batlns1. (4 cos.
each).
Operation and maintenance department— 2 regtl.
hqrs. ; 6 batlns, engrs. (railway) of 3 cos. each ;
3 service batlns. (4 cos. each).
Mechanical and supplies department— 1 regtl.
engrs. (shop) (19th engrs. [railway], nat. army) ;
1 batln. engrs. (railway) of 3 cos. ; 1 service
batln. (4 'cos.)
2. Service battalions will be transferred from
one service to another as may be necessary. En-
gineer troops of a special service may be utilized
in another engineer service in the discretion of
the commanding general concerned.
3. A regimental headquarters will consist of:
Commissioned — Col., 1; lieut.-col., 1; capts., 3;
total, 5. Enlisted — Master engrs., sr. grade, 4 ;
jr. grade, 4 ; regtl. sergt. major, 1 ; regtl. supply
sergts. , 2 ; sergts, 4 ; wagoners, 3 ; cooks, 2 ; pvts.,
first class, 6 ; pvts., 12 ; total, 38.
A battalion of engineers will consist of:
Battalion headquarters — Commissioned — Major,
1 ; captns., 2 ; 1st lieuts., 1 ; total, 4. Enlisted-
Master engrs., sr. grade, 2; jr. grade, 4; batln.
sergt. major, 1; batln. supply sergt., 1; sergts.,
2; corpls., 2; wagoners, 2; cook, 1; pvts., first
class, 3 ; pvts., 6 ; total, 24. And three engineer
companies.
An engineer company will consist of:
Commissioned — Capt., 1 ; 1st. lieuts., 3 ; 2d
lieuts.. 2; total, 6. Enlisted— First sergt., 1;
sergts., first class, 4; supply sergt., 1; mess
sergt., 1; stable strut., 1; sergts., 10; corpls., 20;
horseshoer, 1 ; saddler, 1 ; wagoners, 6 ; cooks, 5 ;
buglers, 2 ; pvts., first class, and pvts., 198 ; total,
250.
An army ponton park (materiel, 3 ponton divi-
sions and 1 supply division complete) will con-
sist of:
Commissioned— First lieut.. 1; 2d lieut., 1; total,
2. Enlisted— First sergt., 1; sergts.. first class,
2; supply sergt., 1; mess sergt., 1; stable sergts..
4; sergts., 4; corpls., 15; horseshoers, 4; saddler,
1; wagoners, 65; cooks, 3; buglers, 2; pvts., first
class, 26; pvts., 52; total, 181.
Combat wagons (6 mule), 30; combat wagons (4
mule), 15; baggage and ration wagons, 3; rolling
kitchen, 1; water cart (2 mule), 1; technical sup-
ply train wagons (6 mule), 5; technical supply
train wagons (4 mule), 10; horses, riding, 8;
mules, draft, 334.
A service battalion will consist of:
Battalion headquarters: Commissioned— Major,
1; 1st lieut., 1; 2d lieut., 1; total. 3 Enlisted—
Batln. sergt. major, 1 ; batln. supply sergt., 1 ;
pvts., first class, 4; total, 6. •
Four service companies, each of the following
personnel :
Commissioned — Capt. 1; 1st lieut., 1; 2d lieut.,
1; total, 3. Enlisted— First sergt., 1; mess sergt.,
1; supply sergt., 1; sergts., 8; corpls., 16; wagon-
ers, 3; mechanics, 2; buglers, 2; cooks, 4; pvts.,
first class, 70 ; pvts., 142; total, 250.
4. The following field transportation is author-
ized:
For each regimental headquarters— Truck (2
ton), 1; motor cars (5 passenger), 2; motorcycle?
with side cars, 6.
For each battalion headquarters — Truck (2 ton),
1; motor car (5 passenger), 1; motorcycles with
side cars, 4.
For each engineer company— Trucks (2 ton), 2;
truck (% ton, delivery type), 1; motorcycles with
side cars, 2; rolling kitchen (trail mobile type),
1; water cart (trail mobile), 1.
For each headquarters of a service battalion-
Motorcycles with side cars, 3.
For each service company — Motor trucks, 2 ; mo-
torcycles with side cars, 2; rolling kitchen (trail
mobile type), 1; water cart (trail mobile), 1.
For each army ponton park — Baggage and ra-
tion wagons, 3; rolling kitchen (4 mule), 1; wa-
ter cart (2 mule), 1; horse, riding, 8; mules,
draft, 334.
SECRETARY BAKER'S VISITS TO EUROPE.
Newton D. Baker, the secretary of war, made
two visits to Europe in 1918. On his first
trip he arrived at a French port on March 19.
After a conference in Pans with Arthur J.
Balfour. the British foreign secretary, and
Gen. Foch of the French army, he inspected
the American camps and parts of the front
line where Americans were receivingr their
''top" training:. He also vjsited the Belgian
front and met King1 Albert. Then he crossed
the channel and went to London, where he was
received by King- Georgre and had interviews
with Premier Lloyd Georg-e and other British
statesmen and military officers.
Returning- to France soon after the begin-
ning: of the great German offensive on March
21 he conferred with Gen. Pershing- and ap-
proved of the American commander's action
in placing- his troops at the unqualified dis-
posal of Gen. Foch, who had been made the
commander of the allied forces. Early in
April he visited Italy, inspecting: the damage
done by air raids in Venice, calling- at the
Italian army headquarters and having inter-
views with Premier Orlando and the foreign
and war ministers in Rome. Returning- to
France he was received by Premier Clemenceau
and took part in ceremonies in Paris in con-
nection with a celebration of the first anni-
versary of America's entry into the war.
Mr. Baker returned home, arriving- at an
Atlantic port on April 16. The dates of his
departure for Europe and for his return -trip
were kept secret. He traveled both ways on
one of the large German steamships interned
in the United States and taken over when the
war began.
Secretary Baker made another trip to France
in the fall, spending- part of Septembet and
October there and in England to arrange for
further co-opera.tion in shipping troops and
supplies. He witnessed part of the American
victory at the St. Mihiel salient and inspected
the various military activities behind the lines
as well as at the front. In England he visited
a number of hospitals for American wounded.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
517
SOLDIERS' AND SA1
See also amendments to war inst
William C. DeLanoy, director of the bureau of
war risk insurance in the treasury department,
determined upon and published on Oct. 15, 1917,
the terms and conditions of the contract of in-
surance to be made under the act of Oct. 6,
1917. Following is the substance of these terms:
Insurance will be issued for any of the fol-
lowing aggregate amounts upon any one life, the
amounts being converted into monthly install-
ments as Indicated:
Install- | Install-
Amount. ment. Amount. ment.
$1,000 $5/75 $4,500 $25.88
1LORS' INSURANCE.
ranee act. page 391, this volume.
Install- Install-
All KM in I. ment. Amount. ment.
$8.000 $46.00 $9.500 $54.63
$8.500 48.88 $10,000. 57.50
$9000 51.75
The installments will be payable during the
total and permanent disability of the insured, or
if death occur without such disability, for 240
months, or if death occur following such dis-
ability, for a sufficient number of months to
make 240 in all, including months of disability
already paid for, in both cases except as other-
wise provided.
The insurance is issued at monthly rates for
the age (nearest birthday) of the insured when
the insurance goes into effect, increasing annu->
ally upon the anniversary of the policy to the
rate for an age one year higher, as per the fol-
lowing taMe of rates:
$4,000 $4,500 $5,000 $5.500 $6,000 $6,500 $7,000
$2.52 $2.84 $3.15 $3.47 $3.78 $4.10 $4.41
2.52 2.84 3.15 3.47 3.78 4.10 4.41
2.52 2.84 3.15 3.47 3.78 4.10 4.41
2.56 2.88 3.20 3.52 3.84 4.16 4.48
2.56 2.88 3.20 3.52 3.84 4.16 4.48
2.56 2.88 3.20 3.52 3.84 4.16 4.48
2.60 2.93 3.25 3.58 3.90 4.23 4.55
2.60 2.93 3.25 3.58 3.90 4.23 4.55
2.60 2.93 3.25 3.58 3.90 4.23 4.55
2.64 2.97 3.30 3.63 3.96 4.29 4.62
2.64 2.97 3.30 3.63 3.96 4.29 4.62
2.68 3.02 3.35 ^-3.69 4 02 4 36 4 69
$1,500 8.63 $5,000 28.75
$2,000 11.50 $5.500 31.63
$2.500 14.38 $6.000 34.50
$3,000 17.25 $6,500 37.38
$3.500 20.13 $7,000 40.25
$4,000 23.00 $7,500 43.13
Age. $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500
15 $0.63 $0.95 $1.26 $1.58 $1.89 $2.21
16 63 .95 1.26 1.58 1.89 2.21
17 .63 .95 1.26 1.58 1.89 2.21
18 64 .96 1.28 1.60 1.92 2.24
19 64 .96 1.28 1.60 1.92 2.24
20 64 .96 1.28 1.60 1.92 2.24
21 .65 .98 1.30 1.63 1.95 2.28
22 65 .98 1.30 1.63 1.95 2.28
23 65 .98 1.30 1.63 1.95 2.28
24 66 .99 1.32 1.65 1.98 2.31
25 66 .99 1.32 1.65 1.98 2.31
26 67 101 134 168 201 235
27 67 1.01 1.34 1.68 2.01 2.35
2.68 3.02 3.35 3.69 4.02 4.36 4.69
2.72 3.06 3.40 3.74 4.08 4.42 4.76
2.76 3.11 3.45 3.80 4.14 4.49 4.83
2.76 3.11 3.45 3.80 4.14 4.49 4.83
2.80 3.15 3.50 3.85 4.20 4.55 4.90
2.84 3.20 3.55 3.91 4.26 4.62 4.97
2.88 3.24 3.60 3.96 4.32 4.68 5.04
2.92 3.29 3.65 4.02 4.38 4.75 5.11
2.96 3.33 3.70 4.07 4.44 4.81 5.18
3.00 3.38 3.75 4.13 4.50 4.88 5.25
3.04 3.42 3.80 4.18 4.56 4.94 5.32
3.08 3.47 3.85 4.24 4.62 5.01 5.39
3.16 3.56 3.95 4.35 4.74 5.14 5.53
3.24 3.65 4.05 4.46 4.86 5.27 5.67
3.28 3.69 4.10 4.51 4.92 5.33 5.74
3.36 3.78 4.20 4.62 5.04 5.46 5.88
3.48 3.92 4.35 4.79 5.22 5.66 6 09
28 68 1.02 1.36 1.70 204 2.38
29 .69 104 138 1.73 2.07 2.42
30 69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42
31 70 1.05 1.40 1.75 2.10 2.45
32 71 1.07 1.42 1.78 2.13 2.49
33 72 1.08 1.44 1.80 2.16 2.52
34 73 1.10 1.46 1.83 2.19 2.56
35 74 1.11 1.48 1.85 2.22 2.59
36 75 1.13 1.50 1.88 2.25 2.68
37 76 1.14 1.52 1.90 2.28 2.66
38 77 1.16 1.54 1.93 2.31 2.70
39 79 1.19 1.58 1.98 2.37 2.77
40 81 1.22 1.62 2.03 2.43 2.84
41 82 1.23 1.64 2.05 2.46 2.87
42 84 1.26 1.68* 2.10 2.52 2.94
43 87 1.31 1.74 2.18 2.61 3.05
44 89 1.34 1.78 2.23 2.67 3.12
3.56 4.01 4.45 4.90 5.34 5.79 6.23
3.68 4.14 4.60 5.06 5.52 5.98 6.44
3.80 4.28 4.75 5.23 5.70 6.18 6.65
3.96 4.46 4.95 5.45 5.94 6.44 6.93
45 92 1.38 1.84 2.30 2.76 3.22
46 95 1.43 1.90 2.38 2.85 3.33
47 99 1.49 1.98 2.48 2.97 3.47
48 1.03 1.55 2.06 2.58 3.09 3.61
4.12 4.64 5.15 5.67 6.18 6.70 7.21
4.32 4.86 5.40 5.94 6.48 7.02 7.56
4.56 5.13 5.70 6.27 6.84 7.41 7.98
4.80 5.40 6.00 6.60 7.20 7.80 8.40
5.08 5.72 6.36 6.99 7.62 8.26 8.89
5.40 6.08 6.75 7.43 8.10 8.78 9.45
5.76 6.48 7.20 7.92 8.64 9.36 10.08
6.12 6.89 7.65 8.42 9.18 9.95 10.71
6.56 7.38 8.20 9.02 9.84 10.66 11.48
7.04 7.92 8.80 9.68 10.56 11.44 12.32
7.60 8.55 9.50 10.45 11.40. 12.35 13.30
8.20 9.23 10.25 11.28 12.30 13.33 14.35
8.84 9.95 11.05 12.16 13.26 14.37 15.47
9.60 10.80 12.00 13.20 14.40 15.60 16.80
10.40 11.70 13.00 14.30 15.60 16.90 18.20
11.28 12.69 14.10 15.51 16.92 18.33 19.74
12.28 13.82 15.35 16.89 18.42 19.96 21.49
13.40 15.08 16:75 18.43 20.10 21.78 23.45
Age. $7,500 $8,000 $8,500 $9,000 $9.500 $10,000
28 5.10 5.44 5.78 6.12 6.46 6.80
29 . ..518 5 52 5 87 6 21 6 56 6 90
49 1.08 1.62 2.16 2.70 3.24 3.78
50 1.14 1.71 2.28 2.85 3.42 • 3.99
51 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20
52 1.27 1.91 2.54 3.18 3.81 4.45
53 . % 1 35 2 03 2.70 3.38 4.05 4.73
54 1.44 2.16 2.88 3.60 4.32 5.04
55 1.53 2.30 3.06 3.83 4.59 5.36
56 164 2.46 3.28 4.10 4.92 5.74
57 1.76 2.64 3.52 4.40 5.28 6.16
58 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65
59 2.05 3.08 4.10 5.13 6.15 7.18
60 221 3.32 4.42 5.53 6.63 7.74
61.. .. 240 3.60 4.80 6.00 7.20 8.40
62 2.60 3.90 5.20 6.50 7.80 9.10
63 2.82 4.23 5.64 7.05 8.46 9.87
64 3.07 4.61 6.14 7.68 9.21 10.75
65 335 5.03 6.70 8.38 10.05 11.73
Age. $7,500 $8,000 $8,500 $9,000 $9,500 $10,000
15 $4.73 $5.04 $5.36 $5.67 $5.99 $6.30
16 4 73 5 04 5 36 5 67 5.99 6 30
17 4.73 5.04 5.36 5.67 5;99 6.30
18 4.80 5.12 5.44 5.76 6.08 6.40
19 4.80 5.12 5.44 5.76 6.08 6.40
20 4.80 5.12 5.44 5.76 6.08 6.40
21 4.88 5.20 5.53 5.85 6.18 6.50
30 5.18 5.52 5.87 6.21 6.56 6.90
31 5.25 5.60 5.95 6.30 6.65 7.00
32 5.33 5.68 6.04 6.39 6.75 7.10
33 5.40 5.76 6.12 6.48 6.84 7.20
34 5.48 5.84 6.21 6.57 694 730
22 4.88 5.20 5.53 5.85 6.18 6.50
23 4.88 5.20 5.53 5.85 6.18 6.50
24 4.95 5.28 5.61 6.94 6.27 6.60
25 4.95 5.28 5.61 5.94 6.27 6.60
26 6.03 5.36 5.70 6.03 6.37 6.70
27 5.03 5.36 5.70 6.03 6.37 6.70
35 5.55 5.92 6.29 6.66 7.03 7.40
36 5.63 6.00 6.38 6.75 7.13 7.50
37 5.70 6.08 6.46 6.84 7.22 7.60
38 5.78 6.16 6.55 6.93 7.32 7.70
39 5.93 6.32 6.72 7.11 7.51 7.90
40 o.08 6.48 6.89 7.29 7.70 8.10
618
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Age.
41
42,...
43....
44....
45....
46....
4';....
48....
49....
60....
61....
52....
53....
17,500 $8,000 $8,500 $9,000 ?9,500 $10,000
. 6J.5 6.56 6.97 7.38 7.79 8.20
. 6.30 6.72 7.14 7.56 7.98 8.40
. 6.53 6.96 7.40 7.83 8.27 8.70
. 6.68 7.12 7.57 8.01 8.46 -8.90
. 6.90 7.36 7.82 8.28 8.74 9.20
. 7.13 7.60 8.08 8.55 9.03 9.50
. 7.43 7.92 8.42 8.91 9.41 9.90
. 7.73 8.24 8.76 9.27 9.79 10.30
. 8.10 8.64 9.18 9.72 10.26 10.80
. 8.55 9.12 9.69 10.26 10.83 11.40
. 9.00 9.60 10.20 10.80 11.40 12.00
. 9.53 10.16 10.80 11.43 12.07 12.70
. 10.13 10.80 11.48 12.15 12.83 13.50
54 10.80 11.52 12.24 12.96 13.68 14.40
55 11.48 12.24 13.01 13.77 14.54 15.30
56 12.30 13.12 13.94 14.76 15.58 16.40
57 13.20 14.08 14.96 15.84 16.72 17.60
58 14.25 15.20 16.15 17.10 18.05 19.00
59 15.38 16.40 17.43 18.45 19.48 20.50
60 16.58 17.68 18.79 19.89 21.00 22.10
61 18.00 19.20 20.40 21.60 22.80 24.00
62 19.50 20.80 22.10 23.40 24.70 26.00
63 21.15 22.56 23.97 25.38 26.79 28.20
64 23.03 24.56 26.10 27.63 29.17 30.70
65 25.13 26.80 28.48 30.15 31.83 33.50
The insurance may be continued at these
increasing term rates during the war and for
not longer than five years after the termina-
tion of the war.
Persons entitled to apply for this insurance
are:
1. A commissioned officer (including- a war-
rant officer) in active service ia the military
or naval forces of the United States.
2. Any person, male or female, enlisted, en-
rolled or drafted into active service in the
military or naval forces of the United States.
including1 noncommissioned and petty officers
and members of training1 camps auinorized by
law.
The term "military or naval forces" means
the army, the navy, the marine corps, the
coast guard, the naval reserves, the national
naval volunteers and any other branch of the
United States service while serving pursuant
to law with the army or the navy.
3. Any member of the army nurse corps (fe-
male) or of the navy nurse corps (female)
while employed in active service under the
war department or navy department, respect-
ively.
Insurance may be applied for in favor of
one or more of the following persons with
sum of $500 or a multiple thereof for each
beneficiary, the aggregate not exceeding the
limit of $10,000 and not Jess than $1,000
upon any one life:
Husband or wife.
Child, including legitimate child: child le-
gally adopted before April 15, 1917, or more
than six months before enlistment pr entrance
into or employment in active service, which-
ever date is the later; stepchild, if a member
of the insured's household; illegitimate child,
but, if the insured is his father, only if ac-
knowledged by instrument in writing signed
by him, or if he has been judicially ordered
to contribute to such child's support, and if
such child, if born after Dec. 31, 1917, shall
have been born in the United States or in its
insular possessions.
Grandchild, meaning a child, as above de-
fined, of a child as above defined.
Parent, including father, mother, grandfather,
grandmother, stepfnther and stepmother, either
of the insured or of his/her spouse.
Brother or sister, including of the half blood
as well as of the whole blood, stepbrothers
and stepsisters and brothers and sisters
through adoption.
Unless other designation is made by the in-
sured, such person or persons, within the per-
mitted class of beneficiaries, as would under
the laws of the place of residence of the in-
sured be entitled to his personal property in
case of intestacy shall be r^mpd designated
as the beneficiary or beneficiaries to whom
shall be paid any installments remaining un-
paid upon the death or disqualification un-
der the provisions of the act. of any named
beneficiary.
In case the applicant does not desire the
premium to be deducted from his/her pay (or
his/her deposit) he/she should so elect in
writing at the time of making application;
but if no election is made it shall have the
effect to provide for such deduction from his/
her pay, or if such pay be insufficient, any
balance from his/her deposit.
INSURANCE AFTER THE WAR.
Secretary William G. McAdoo issued the fol-
lowing official statement Nov. 18. 1918:
I desire to remind all America's soldiers
and sailors that it is their opportunity and
their privilege to keep up their insurance with
the United States government after the war
has officially terminated and even after they
have returned to civil life.
More than 4,000,000 officers and men of the
army and navy are now insured with the
United States government through the bureau
of war risk insurance of the treasury de-
partment. The grand total of insurance is
more than $36.000,000,000.
In its present form this insurance is annual
renewable term insurance at net peace rates,
issued against death and total permanent dis-
ability. Under the provisions of the war risk
insurance act every person holding this insur-
ance may keep it up in this form even after
he leaves the service for a period of five
years. All that is necessary is the regular
payment of premiums.
Moreover, the law provides that not later
than five years after the termination of the
war as declared by presidential proclamation,
the term insurance shall be converted, with-
out medical examination, into such lorm or
forms of insurance as may be prescribed by
regulations and as the insured may request.
In accordance with the provisions of tha
law. these regulations will provide for the right
to convert into ordinary fife, twenty payment
life, endowment maturing at age 62, and into
other usual forms of insurance. This insur-
ance will continue to be government insurance.
The various forms of policies which the
bureau of war risk insurance will write are
now being prepared.
Every person in the military or naval service
owes it to himself and to his family to hold
on to Uncle Sam's insurance. It is the strong-
est, safest and cheapest life insurance ever
written. Just as this insurance relieved our
soldiers and sailors of anxiety and misgivings
for the welfare of their loved ones and pro-
tected them against the hazards of war. so it
will continue to protect them through the
days of readjustment and reconstruction and in
time of peace.
The advantages of keeping this insurance in
force cannot be emphasized too strongly. The
right to continue it is a valuable right given
by the government to our fitrhting part of the
men as compensation for their services. If
this right is lost by allowing insurance to
lapse it can never be regained. When govern-
ment insurance is allowed to lapse the holder
cannot again obtain insurance except from
private companies at a considerable increase in
cost. Moreover, many of the men may have
become uninsurable as a result of the war
through physical impairment, and if these al-
low their insurance to lapse they will lose the
last opportunity for their families to have
the protection of life insurance.
The economic value of life insurance to
society is so well recognized as to need no
argument. The government now has in force
upon the lives of 4,000.000 American citi-
zens who have fought its battles a life in-
surance group larger than all others com-
bined. Therefore, it is manifestly of the
highest importance, not only to the fighting
men and their dependents but to all the peo-
nle, that the largest possible parcentage of
this insurance shall be continued in force
after its holders shall be returned to Civil life.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
519
MEMORANDUM FOR SOLDIERS.
A copy of the following memorandum of
nformation will be furnished to each officer
ind enlisted man separated from service in
he United States army:
'nformation relative to compensation and con-
tinuance of war risk insurance.
Furnished to
(Surname) (Christian name) (Army Serial No.')'
War Risk Insurance.
All correspondence relating1 to war risk in-
surance should be addressed to "Bureau of
iVar Risk Insurance, Treasury Department,
R'ashington, D. C.," and always contain the
ollo'ving- information:
Your first name, middle name and last name
n full.
Your trade and organization at the time
if applying for insurance.
Your army serial number.
Date of your discharge or separation from
lervice.
Your present address.
1. If you desire to continue your war risk
nsurance it will be necessary for you to make
>p.vments of the monthly premiums directly to
ihe disbursing clerk, bureau of war risk insur-
mce, treasury department, Washington, D. U.
;heck or money order should be made payable
o the treasurer of the United States.
2. Your premium on $ insurance
,vill be $ per month until July 1,
.919, after which date it will be as follows:
From July 1, 1919, to July 1, 1920, $
>er month.
From July 1. 1920. to July 1. 1921, $
>er month.
From July 1. 1921, to July 1, 1922, »
>er month.
From July 1. 1922, to July 1, 1923, 5
ser month.
From July 1, 1923, to July 1, 1924, 8
>er month.
3. Should your address or that of a bene-
Iciary change at any time, you should advise
,he bureau of war risk insurance, treasury
lepartment, Washington. D. C., immediately.
4. Within five years after the termination of
he war, as declared by proclamation of the
president, you must apply to the bureau of
war risk insurance, treasury department,
Yashington. D. C.. for the conversion of yo.ur
>resent policy into some* other form of in-
surance. Your present policy will laose un-
.ess converted within that time.
. 5. You may change your beneficiary at any
ime provided the new beneficiary is within
he permitted class. Those who may be des-
srnated are: A spouse, child, parent, brother
>r sister or grandchild.
Compensation.
All correspondence relating to compensation
ihould be addressed to "Compensation Section,
Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Treasury De-
>Hrtment. Washington. D. C..1' and always
•ontain the following information:
Your first name, middle name and last
name in full.
Your grade and organization at the time of
discharge.
Your army serial number.
The date of your discharge or separation
from the service.
Your present address.
1. The United States will pay compensation
for death or disability resulting from injury
suffered or disease contracted in the line of
duty by an officer or enlisted man when em-
ployed in active service, except where injury
or disease has been caused by his own willful
misconduct. Furthermore, dismissal of dis-
honorable discharge from the service termi-
nates all rights to any compensation.
2. In case a man should discover after and
within one year after separation from the
service that he has sustained an injury or con-
tracted disease in the line of duty when em-
ployed in active service which may result in
disability or death, but which did not disable
him and of which he had no knowledge at
the time of separation from the service, he
should communicate the fact immediately to
the compensation section of the bureau of
war risk insurance, giving his full name, army
serial number, if an enlisted man, rank, or
grade, and organization: the date of his dis-
charge or separation from the service; and if
possible, the date of his injury or disability.
He should at the same time request to be
furnished a certificate to the fact that at the
time of his separation from the service he was
suffering from a wound, injury, or disease
which is likely to result in death or disability.
This certificate must be obtained within one
year from the date of separation from the
service, and in order to obtain it the man
must submit to a medical examination by a
physician designated by the bureau of war
risk insurance.
3. No compensation shall be payable for
death or disability which does not, occur prior
to or within one year from date of separation
from the service.
4. No compensation is payable for disability
unless claim is filed within five years after
the date of separation from the service."
5. In order to procure compensation for dis-
ability the claimant shall submit to examina-
tion by a medical officer of the United States.
If he refuses t'o submit to such examina-
tion his right to compensation ceases.
6. Compensation is entirely separate and dis-
tinct from war risk insurance and should not
be confused therewith.
Commanding.
(Place.)'
(Date.)
MONUMENT TO FIRST
On Nov. 3, 1918, an artistic monument at
Bathelemont. France, was dedicated by the
citizens of Nancy to con- aemorate the death
of the first three Amer- ins who fell there
in action just a year before while fighting
under the American flag. The names of
these men are Corp'. James B. Gresham. Evans-
rtlle. Ind. Thomas F. Enright. Pittsburgh, Pa.;
and Merle D. Hay, Glidden. Iowa.
Notwithstanding the fact that Bathelemont
was still under enemy shell fire, early on the
norning of the 3d, there were some beau-
SOLDIERS WHO FELL.
tiful floral wreaths sent to the place and laid
at the base of the monument.
The memorial was given by the people of
the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. In a
large salon of the city hall at Nancy a meet-
ing was held at which there were made a
number of speeches praising the bravery of
the Americans and the services they had ren-
dered to France. One of the ministers of the
government presided, ^mong the speakers
were the mayor of Nancy, the prefect, and
one of the senators from the department.
520
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919
CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC.
President — Dr. Thomas G. Masaryk.
Premier — Dr. Karl Kramarz.
Minister of Foreign Affairs — Edouard Benes.
Minister of Justice — M. Haberman.
Minister of National Defense — M. Klofar.
Minister of Agriculture — M. Praschek.
Minister of Education — Anthony Soukoup.
Minister of Finance — M. Raising.
Minister of Commerce — M. Stransky.
Minister of Posts — M. Spherny.
Minister of Health — M. Frore.
Minister of War — M. Stefanik.
Minister of the Interior — M. Svehla.
Minister of Food — M. Aronsky.
Minister of Social Welfare— M. Winter.
Minister of Railways— M. Zahradnik.
Minister Without Portfolio— M. Kruban.
At a session of the national assembly held
in Prague. Bohemia. Nov. 15. 1918. the crea-
tion of a Czecho-Slq-
vak republic was rati-
fied and the choice of
Dr. Thomas G. Ma-
saryk as its first
president was con-
firmed. The territory
in the new state, it
was decided, should
consist of fifteen dis-
tricts, with Prague as
the capital. The na-
tional assembly at the
same time abolished
all titles ol nobility
and passed an eight
, hour working day act.
THOMAS G. MASARYK To provide the funds
with which to set the
machinery of the republic groins the United
States government on Nov. 16 extended to
the national assembly a credit of $7,000,000.
The men chiefly responsible for the crea-
tion of the Czecho-Slovak republic were Prcu.
Thomas G. Masaryk, president of the Czecho-
slovak national council, which at first had
headquarters in Paris. France, but subsequent-
ly established itself in Washington. D. C.:
Gen. Milan R. Stefanik. vice-president of the
council and Dr. Edouard Benes. the general
secretary. These leaders worked ceaselessly
with the one object of securing from the
great allied nations the recognition of their
organization, their armies and their plans for
a state which should be free and entirely in-
dependent of the autocratic rulers of Austria-
Hungary. They formed legions which under
their own banners fought for the allies in
Italy. France and Russia. Their arguments
and acts were conclusive and recognition fol-
lowed. This was a severe blow to the Aus-
trian empire and probably had as much to do
with its downfall as any other one thing-..
Italy was among the first to see the im.
portance of dividing the strength of her chief
opponent in the war, Austria-Hungary. She ac-
cepted the services of a large Czecho-Slovak
contingent of soldiers at the front and also
recognized the right of the Czecho-Sloyaks to
independence.
Recognized by France and Britain.
On June 30. 1918. President Poincare ol
France presented a flag to the Czecho-Slovak
soldiers fighting as a unit on the western
front. At the same time M. Pichon, the for-
eign secretary, issued a statement addressed
to the Czecho-Slovak national council, in
which he proclaimed the right of the Czechs
and Slovaks to independence. M. Pichon
wrote :
"At the moment when the first unit of the
autonomous Czecho-Slovak army of France is
preparing to quit its quarters and, having re-
ceived its flag, to proceed to man a sector
amidst its French brothers in arms, the gov-
ernment of the republic deems it equitable
and necessary to proclaim the rights of your
nation to independence. For long centuries
the Czecho-Slovak nation possessed the in-
comparable blessing of independence. It was
deprived of it by the violence of the Haps-
allied with Germanic princes. The his-
toric rights of nations are imprescriptible, it
is for the defense of these rights that France,
attacked, is fighting to-day, together with her
allies. The cause of the Czechs is specially
dear to it.
"In the name of the government of the
republic I express the sincerest and warmest
wishes that the Czecho-Slovak state may soon
become by the common efforts of all the al-
lies, in close union with Poland and the Jugo
Slav state, an impassable barrier to Germanic
aggression and a factor of peace in a Europe
reconstructed according to the principles of
justice and the right of nationalities."
To this Dr. Masaryk made the following ac-
knowledgment :
"Recognition of the independent Czecho-
slovak state means the dismemberment of
Austria-Hungary, reducing Germany to her own
national forces. The independent Czecho-Slovak
state is the final check to pan-German schemes
of a Berlin-to-Bagdad route. The anti-German
barrier formed by the Czecho-Slovak state.
Poland, Jugo Slavia. Roumania and Italy is
also the surest help to Russia and the small
nations now under Austro-German domination.
Russia, separated from the Germans and the
Magyars, can develop without direct German
interference."
Great Britain extended recognition to the
Czecho-Slovak nation Aug. 13. 1918. issuing-
through the secretary of foreign affairs, Ar.
thur J. Balfour, the following declaration:
"Since the beginning of the war the Czecho-
slovak nation has resisted the common enemy
by every means in its power. The Czecho-
slovaks have constituted a considerable army,
fighting on three different battle fields, and
attempting in Russia and Siberia to arrest
the Germanic invasion. In consideration of
its efforts to achieve independence Great
Britain regards the Czecho-Slovaks as an allied
nation and recognizes the unity of the three
Czecho-Slovak armies as an allied and bellig-
erent . army waging regular warfare against
Austria-Hungary and Germany. Great Britain
also recognizes the right of the Czecho-Slovak
national council as the supreme organ of
Czecho-Slovak national interests and as the
present trustee of the future Czecho-Slovak
government to exercise supreme authority over
this allied and belligerent army."
Recognized by the United States.
On Sept. 2,^1918. Robert Lansing, secretary
of state, received Dr. Masaryk and made to
him the following formal announcement:
"The Czecho-Slovak peoples having taken up
arms against the German and Austro-Hunga-
rian empires and haying placed organized
armies in the field which are waging war
against those empires under officers of their
own nationality and in accordance with the
rules and practices of civilized nations: and
"The Czecho-Slovaks bavins', in prosecution
of their independent purposes in the present
war, confided supreme political authority to-
the Czecho-Slovak national council.
"The government of the United States recog-
nizes that a state of belligerency exists be-
tween the Czecho-Slovaks thus organized and
the German and Austro-Hungarian empires.
"It also recognizes the Czecho-Slovak na-
tional council as a de facto belligerent gov-
ernment, clothed with proper authority to di-
rect the military and political affairs of the
Czecho-Slovaks.
"The government of the United States further
declares that it is prepared to enter formally
into relations with the de facto government
thus recognized for the purpose of prosecut-
ing the war against the common enemy, the
empires of Germany and Austria-Hungary."
Explaining the form of this declaration Prof.
Masaryk later in the day made this statement :
"The American recognition differs from the
French and British in that these recognize the
right to our independence directly, whereas Mr.
Lansing's wording recognizes in the first place
our army and the national council. But
speaking of the Czecho-Slovaks the declaration
denotes our whole nation. The British text
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
521
ITAL1AM5
CZECHO- SLOVAKS
PQLE5
JUQO-5LAVS
RDUMAhlAfSS
3OUNDARY OF AISSTRO - _ ,
Prepared by Clarence L. Speed, Union League Club, Chicago.
MAP SHOWING RACIAL LINES ON WHICH NEW STATE FRONTIERS WERE BEING
ARRANGED IN 1918.
522
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
recognizes OU7 national council as the present
trustee of the future government : the United
States recognizes our council directly as the de
facto government. The United States lays
stress on the belligerency and emphasizes
the organization of our nation shown first in
mobilizing armies and second in confiding all
political affairs to the leading1 authority of the
national council. In accordance with the hu-
manitarian principles of the American con-
stitution the military practice of our armies
(this applies especially to our army in Rus-
sia) is acknowledged."
Thanks from American Bohemians.
The following telegram, dated Sept. 3, 1918,
•was sent from Chicago to Secretary Robert
Lansing in Washington:
"The epochmaking act of the American gov-
ernment recognizing Czecho-Slovaks as allies
and cobelligerents, worthy of independence
and the company of free nations, has moved
us most profoundly, and we wish to pour our
hearts to you arid to the American govern-
ment in gratitude, for by that act our broth-
ers were liberated from centuries long bond-
age, from indescribable suffering imposed by
the awful Austrian and Magyar tyranny, and
have instilled in them new hopes. We who
have chosen this land for our country will
be inspired by this act to greater achieve-
ments. We shall be filled with new strength
to fulfill the solemn vows given America.
Tlie champions of the oppressed, we shall feel
new joy in performing pur duties toward her,
new valor and new motive power; we see .to-
day the glorious banner of our great free re-
public reaching over the oceans and beaming
upon the new flowers of liberty where there
was but dark desert of despair. Glory be to
our own America, the champion of freedom.
Glory be to America, the defender of democ-
racy and humanity. We love her passion-
ately and shall strive to be worthy of her.
Our eternal gratitude is hers.
"For the Czecho-Slovak people of America.
"BOHEMIAN NATIONAL ALLIANCE."
Revolt in Bohemia.
On Oct. 18, 1918, it was announced that the
Czechs had made themselves masters of Prague,
hdd hoisted the Czech flag, and placed Czech
money in circulation. The Austrian authori-
ties at this time were powerless to make any
effective opposition and the revolt was com-
pletely successful.
CZECHO-SLOVAK DECLARATION OF INDE-
PENDENCE.
The following' declaration was issued by the
provisional government of the Czecho-Slovak
nation in Paris, France, Oct. 18, 1918:
"Declaration of independence of the Czecho-
slovak nation by its provisional government:
"At this grave moment, when the Hohen-
zpllerns 'are offering peace in order to stop the
victorious advance of the allied armies and
to prevent the dismemberment of Austria-
Hungary and Turkey, and when the Haps-
burgs are promising the federalization of the
empire and autonomy to the dissatisfied na-
tionalities committed to their rule. we. the
Czecho-Slovak national council, recognized by
the allied and American governments as the
provisional gpvernment of the Czecho-Slovak
state and nation, in complete accord with the
declaration of the Czech deputies made in
Prague on Jan. 6. 1918. and realizing that
federalization and, still more, autonomy, means
nothing under a Hapsburg dynasty, do hereby
make and declare this our declaration of in-
dependence.
r'We do this because of our belief that no
people should be forced to live under a
sovereignty they do not recognize, and be-
cause of our knowledge and firm conviction
that our nation cannot freely develop in a
Hapsburg mock federation, which is only a
new form of the denationalizing oppression
under which we have suffered for the last
300 years. We consider fi-epdom to be the
first prerequisite for federalization, and believe
that the free nations of central and eastern
Europe may easily federate should they find
it necessary.
"We make this declaration on the basis of
our historic and natural right. We have
been an independent state since the seventh
century, and in 1520, as an independent state,
consisting of Bohemia. Moravia and Silesia,
we joined with Austria and Hungary in a de-
fensive union against the Turkish danger. We-
have never voluntarily surrendered our right
as an independent state in this confederation.
The Hapsburgs broke their compact with our
nation by illegally transgressing our rights and
violating the constitution of our state, which
they had pledged themselves to uphold, and
we therefore refuse longer to remain a part
of Austria-Hungary in any form.
"We claim the right of Bohemia to be re-
united with her Slovak brethren of Slovakia,
once Dart of our national state, later torn
from our national body, and fifty years ago
incorporated in the Hungarian state of the
Magyars, who. by their unspeakable violence
and ruthless oppression of their subject races,
have lost all moral and human right to rule
anybody but themselves.
"The world knows the history of our
struggle against the Hapsburg oppression, in-
tensified and systematized by the Austro-Hun-
garian dualistic compromise of 1867. This
dualism is only a shameless organization of
brute force and exploitation of the majority
by the minority' it is a political conspiracy of
the Germans and Magyars against our own as
well as the other Slav and the Latin nations
of the monarchy. The world knows the jus-
tice of our claims, which the Hapsburgs them-
selves dared not deny. Francis Joseph, in the
most solemn manner, repeatedly recognized
the sovereign rights of our nation.
The Germans and Magyars opposed this
recognition, and Austria-Hungary, bowing be-
fore the pan-Germans, became a colony of
Germany, and, as her vanguard to the east,
provoked the last Balkan conflict, as well
as the present world war, which was begun
by the Hapsburgs alone without the consent
of( the representatives of the people.
We cannot and will not Dontinue to live
under the direct or indirect rule of the vio-
lators of Belgium, France and Serbia, the
would-be murderers of Russia and Roumania.
the murderers of tens of thousands of civilians
and soldiers of our blood, and the accom-
plices in numberless unspeakable crimes com-
»" " "* *i\j* A wuAdAu a ^>ai I/ \ji. a. BkaLt; w nnjii
has no justification for existence, and which,
refusing to accept the* fundamental principles
of modern world organizations, remains only
an artificial and immoral political structure,
nmdernig every movement toward democratic
and social progress.
';The Hapsburg dynasty, weighed down by
a huge inheritance of error and crime, is a
perpetual menace to the peace of the world,
and, we. deem it our duty toward humanity
and civilization to aid in bringing about its
dovnfall and destruction.
We reject the sacrilegious assertion that
the power of the Hapsburg and Hohenzollern
dynasties is of divine origin; we refuse to
recognize the divine rights of kings. Our na-
tion elected the Hapsburgs to the throne of
Bohemia of its own free will, and by the
same right deposes them. We hereby declare
the Hapsburg dynasty unworthy of leading
our nation and deny all of its claims to
rule in the Czecho-Slovak land, which we here
and now declare shall henceforth be a free
and independent people and nation.
"We accept and shall adhere to the ideals
of modern democracy, as they have been the
ideils of our nation for centuries. We accept
the American principles as laid down by
President Wilson — the principles of liberated
mankind, of the actual equality of nations
and of governments deriving all their just
power from the consent of the governed. We.
the nation of Comeniiis, cannot but accept
these princinlcs expressed in the American
declaration of independence, the principles of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
523
Lincoln and of the declaration of the rights of
man and of the citizen. For these Principles
our nation shed its blood in the memorable
Hussite wars. 500 years ago; for these same
principles, beside her allies, our nation is
shedding its blood to-day in Russia, Italy ana
'•We 'shall outline only the main principles
of the constitution of the Czecho-Slovak na-
tion: the final decision as to the constitution
itself falls to the legally chosen represent-
atives of the liberated and united people.
"The Czecho-Slovak state shall be a re-
public. In constant endeavor for progress H
will guarantee complete freedom of conscience,
religion and science, literature and art, speech,
the press and the right of assembly and pe-
tition The church shall be separated from
the state.
"Our democracy shall rest on universal
suffrage: women shall be placed on an equal
footing with men, politically, socially and cul-
turally. The lights of the minority shall be
safeguarded by proportional representation:
national minorities shall enjoy equal rights.
The government shall be parliamentary in
form and shall recognize the principles 01
initiative and referendum. The standing
army will be replaced by militia.
"The Czecho-Slovak nation will carry out
far reaching social and economic reforms; the
large estates will be redeemed for home col-
onization: patents of nobility will be abol-
ished. Our nation will assume its part of
the Austro-Hungarian prewar public debt; the
debts for this war we leave to those who in-
curred them.
"In its foreign policy the Czecho-Slovak
nation will accept its full share of responsi-
bility in the reorganization of eastern Europe.
It accepts fully the democratic and social
principle of nationality, and subscribes to the
doctrine that all covenants and treaties shall
be entered into openly and frankly, without
secret diplomacy.
"Our constitution shall provide an efficient,
rational and just gpvernment, which will ex-
clude all special privileges and prohibit class
legislition.
"Democracy has defeated theocratic autoc-
racy. Militarism is overcome: democracy is
victorious: on the basis of democracy man-
kind will be reorganized. The forces of dark-
ness have served the victory of light; the
longed for age of humanity is dawning.
* We believe in democracy; we believe in lib-
erty and liberty evermore.
"Given in Paris on the 18th day of Octo-
ber. 1918pROF; THOMAS G. MASARYK.
"Prime Minister and Minister of Finance.
"GEN. DR. MILAN R. STEFANIK,
"Minister of National Defense.
"DR. EDWARD BENES.
"Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Interior."
MID-EUROPEAN UNION.
A convention representing 50,000,000 per-
sons under Germanic domination in mid-
Europe was held in Independence hall, Phila-
delphia, Pa., Oct. 23-26 to take steps looking
to the organization of a mid-European union
of small nations and also to draft a declara-
tion of the common aims of such a demo-
cratic union. The union was organized with
Dr. Masaryk as president and on Oct. 26 a
new declaration of independence was read.
To fittingly proclaim that the eighteen Slav
states of the German emperor's once sub-
servient Mitteleuropa had united under a
banner of their own and shaken off the yoke
of domination, the mid-European union had a
new liberty bell cast, as well as a new na-
tional flag, which was unfurled alongside the
stars and stripes flying on the roof of Inde-
pendence hall.
As the new bell pealed forth its chimes Prof.
Masar.vk read the declaration from the steps
of America's birthplace of freedom. Pre-
viously the document had been signed by the
representatives of the new federation, com-
posed of Czecho-Slovaks. Ukrainians. Lithua-
nians and Jugo Slavs.
"Liberty for all the world and all the in-
habitants thereof." is prominently inscribed on
the new liberty bell, which is a replica of the
bell which ranar out America's declaration 142
years asro.
The new declaration of independence was
signed on the same table where Hancock.
Adams. Jefferson, Franklin and those others
of the patriot fathers sisrned the pact that
created this republic. Those present watched
with interest each of the representatives, as
his name was called, step to the table and
put down his name. Ittarmar Ben Avi repre-
sented the Jews of Palestine. Mireslaw Sichin-
sky the Ukrainians, Capt. Vasilo Stosia the
Roumanians.
Text of Declaration.
Following is the text of the new declaration
of independence:
In convention assembled at Independence hall,
Philadelphia. Pennsylvania. United States of
America, on Oct. 26. 1918, we, representing to-
gether more than 50.000.000 people constitut-
ing a chain of nations lying between the Bal-
tic, the Adriatic and the Black seas, compris-
ing Czecho-Sloyaks, Poles, Jugo Slavs, Ukrain-
ians, Uro-Russians, Lithuanians, Roumanians.
Italian Irredentists, Unredeemed Greeks, Alba-
nians and Zionists, wholly or partly subject
to alien dominion, deeply appreciating the aid
and assistance erven our peoples by the gov-
ernment and people of America and of the en-
tente allies, on behalf of ourselves and our
brethren at home do hereby solemnly declare
that we place all our peoples and resources
at the disposal of our allies for use against
our common enemy; and, in order that the
whole world may know what we deem are the
essential and fundamental doctrines which shall
be embodied in the constitutions hereafter
adopted b.v the peoples of our respective inde-
pendent nations, as well as the purposes which
shall govern our common and united action,
we accept and subscribe to the following as
basic nrinciples for all free peoples:
1. That all governments derive their just
power from the consent of the governed.
2. That it is the inalienable right of every
people to organize their own government on
such principles and in such form as they
believe will best promote their welfare, safety
and happiness.-
3. That the free and natural development of
the ideals of any state shall be allowed to
pursue their normal and unhindered course,
unless such course harms or threatens the
common interest of all.
4. That there should be no secret diplomacy,
and all proposed treaties and agreements be-
tween nations should be made public prior
to their adoption and ratification.
5. That we believe our peoples, having
kindred ideals and purposes, should co-ordinate
their efforts to insure the liberty of their in-
dividual nations for the furtherance of their
common welfare, provided such a union con-
tributes to the peace and welfare of the world.
• 6. That there should be formed a league of
the nations of the world in a common and
binding agreement for genuine and practical
co-operation to secure justice and therefore
peace among nations.
In the course of our history we have been
subject to and victims of aggressive and selfish
nations and autocratic dynasties and held in
subjection by force of arms.
We have suffered destruction of our cities,
violation of our homes and lands, and we
have maintained our ideals only by stealth, in
spite of the tyranny of our oppressors.
We have been deprived of propsr representa-
tion and fair trial. We have been denied the
right of free speech and the right freely to
assemble and petition for the redress of our
grievances. Wo have been denied free and
friendly intercourse with our sister states, and
our men have been impressed in war against
their brothers and friends of kindred races.
The signers of this declaration and repre-
sentatives of other independent peoples who
524
ALMANAC AND YEAR-bOOK FOR 1919.
may subscribe their names hereto do hereby
pledge, on behalf of their respective nations,
that they will unitedly strive to the end that
these -wrong's shall be righted, that the suf-
fering's of the world war shall not have been
in vain and that the principles here set forth
shall be incorporated in the organic laws of
whatever governments our respective peoples
may . hereaiter establish.
Czecho- Slovak Army in Russia.
Much of the credit for the formation of the
new republic is due the intrepid Czecho-Slovak
army in Russia, the story of whose march
through the former empire to the Pacific coast
in the face of privations and innumerable
enemies is already an epic. After the signing
of the Brest-Litovsk treaty a Czecho-Slovak
army of approximately 50.000 men which had
been fighting against Austria-Hungary and
Germany was in the vicinity of Kiev in
Ukrainia. That country made peace with the
Germans and the Czecho-Slovaks found them-
selves surrounded by enemies on all sides.
Nevertheless, they spurned an offer of amnesty
from Emperor Charles and started on their
famous march to the east. They fought many
battles against German and bolshevik forces,
defeating them all, and steadily forced their
way onward until they reached their goal ana
joined the allied forces in western Siberia.
Population and Area.
The Czechs are chiefly inhabitants of Bo-
hemia. Moravia and Austrian Silesia, while the
Slovaks live in the upper part of Hungary.
The peoples are practically of the same race
and speak the same language. There has
never been any serious political differences
between them.
"We hope to include in the new nation,
said Prof. Masaryk before leaving the United
States to go to his capital in Prague. "Bo-
hemia, Moravia. Silesia, and their historical
boundaries. To these will be added Slovakia —
that is, the northern part of Hungary, ex-
tending as far south as Presburg and to the
east as far as Ungvar. This territory is about
lour times greater than that of Belgium. The
population of the new nation will be 12,000,-
000. Of these 10,000,000 are Bohemians and
Slovaks. The remainder consists of minori-
ties.
"Our constitution will provide lor a presi-
dent and two legislative chambers, a senate
and a house of representatives, similar to
yours. There will be a very elaborate sys-
tem of local self-government, as a means of
insuring a democracy that is not one in form
alone. We shall endeavor to work out the
problem of local self-government so as to
render the justice of leaving the affairs of
minorities in their own hands as far as pos-
sible. In reaffirming the historical boundary
lines of Bohemia. Moravia and Silesia there
will of necessity be included some Germans
among the population, notably in the west
and north, but we shall confer on communi-
ties of this kindi the same local self-govern-
ment that obtains in other parts of the coun-
try. There will be universal suffrage. We
have confidence in this and a high degree of
local self -government because all our people
are educated."
The area ol the new republic! as outlined by
Prof. Masaryk is approximately 48.000 square
miles.
JUGO SLAV NATION.
When it became apparent that the Austro-
Hungarian empire as a result of the war
would practically cease to exist, the various
nationalities immediately set about forming in-
dependent states. Emperor Charles offered
federalization, but this Plan was rejected as
being merely an attempt to deceive President
Wilson. The Jugo or southern Slavs were
among those who wanted independence, and
they formed a national council in Agram. the
capital of Croatia and Slavonia. to work with
-this end in view. Their aspirations were
formally rpooe-nizPd by Italy on Sept. 28,
1918. On Oct. 23 the central executive com-
mittee elected on Oct. 5 by the national coun-
cil of Slovenes. Croatians and Serbians at
Agram issued a statement that the commit-
tee would at once assume the political direc-
tion of those nationalities and declaring for
the creation of a sovereign state on a demo-
cratic basis. The following principles were
enunciated by the committee :
1. To bring about a reunion of all the
Slovenes, Croatians and Serbians on a racial
basis without reference to their present politi-
cal frontiers.
2. To create a sovereign state on a demo-
cratic basis.
3. To see that the nationalities represented
by the council had a delegate at the peace
conference.
The committee rejected the plan contained
in the imperial manifesto for the settlement
of nationalistic problems in Austria. It guar-
anteed the flee development of all national
majorities which rrtay form a part of the state
organized by it. Neighboring states would be
assured free access to the sea. providing that
they make no attempts on the constitutional
rights of the state and on its territorial in-
tegrity.
The committee finally urged concord among
oil the nationalities in order to create a great
national state.
On Oct. 31 the Croatian parliament at Agram
had voted for a total separation of Croatia.
Slavonia and Dalmatia from Hungary. Crown
Prince Alexander of Serbia was appointed
regent of the Jugo Slav state Nov. 26 by the
national council at Agram. A state council,
comprising- all the members ol the Agram
council, fifty delegates from Serbia and five
from Montenegro, was summoned to meet at
Serajevo. This council was to appoint a
cabinet lor the Jugo Slav state.
POLAND.
The rehabilitation of Poland along: the lines
existing when the counti-y was divided between
Prussia, Austria and Russia in 1772 was in
progress in November and December. 1918.
but its exact f 6rm of government had not been
determined when this edition of the Almanac
and Year-Book went to press. On Nov. 9 it
was announced that a Polish republic had be n
formed at Cracow under the presidency of
Deputy Daszynski. while on Nov. 15 advices
were received from Warsaw that Gen. Joseph
Pilsudski of the Polish legion had been in-
trusted by the Polish regency council with
the formation of a national government and
with the control of all the troops. On Nov.
23 he had progressed so far as to appoint a
cabinet with himself as minister of war; An-
dreas Moraczewski. a socialist leader, as pre-
mier and Leon Wasilewski as minister of for-
eign affairs. Three portfolios had been re-
served for Prussian Poland.
Agitation for an independent Poland was
conducted in the United States by a Polish
national committee in Washington, of which
Roman Dmowski was president, and by various
other committees. Prominent in this move-
ment and also in relief measures affecting Po-
land were such men as Ignace Paderewski, the
famous pianist, and John F. Smulski, the Chi- .
cago banker.
Recognized by the United States.
On Nov. 2 the American secretary of state.
Robert Lansing, addressed the following letter
to President Dmowski:
"Sir: I beg to acknowledge receipt of your
letters of Oct. 18 and Oct. 25 requesting the
government of the United States to associate
itself with the governments of France and
Great Britain by recognizing the Polish army,
under the supreme political authority of the
Polish national committee, as autonomous, al-
lied and cobelligerent.
"In reply I beg to inform you that the gov-
ernment of the United " States has not been
unmindful of the zeal and tenacity with which
the Polish national committee has prosecuted
the task of marshaling its fellow countrymen
in a supreme military effort to free Poland
from its present oppressors.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
525
"This government's position with respect to
the Polish cause and the Polish people could
hardly be more clearly defined than was out-
lined by the president in his address before
the congress of Jan. 8, 1918. Therefore,
feeling- as it does a deep sympathy lor the
Polish people and viewing with gratification
the progress of the Polish cause, this govern-
ment experiences a feeling1 of genuine satis-
faction in being able to comply with your
request by recognizing the Polish army, under
the supreme political authority of the Polish
national committee, as autonomous and co-
belligerent. I am, sir. your obedient servant,
"ROBERT LANSING."
Ignace Paderewski, armed with power to act
on behalf of various Polish committees in
the United States, sailed from New York
Nov. 23, 1918. for Europe to further the in-
terests of his compatriots in the pending po-
litical developments.
"Poland will be free and so will her inhab-
itants," Mr. Paderewski said in a statement
before departing1. "The democratic constitution
of Poland will assure liberty and equity to
every citizen without distinction as to race,
religion or political opinion."
In the course of November Polish troops
took possession of Posen in Germany, Galicia
and other places. They took possession of the
royal palaces in Warsaw, disarmed the Ger-
man police and demobilized the German troops.
Area and Population.
It was assumed that the new Poland would
obtain an outlet to the Baltic sea at Danzig.
by way of the Vistula. The limits of the state
will probably be decided at the peace confer-
ence. Its area and population cannot at this
time (Dec. 2. 1918) be given with any de-
gree of accuracy. In 1914 Russian Poland
had an area of 43,804 square miles and a
population of 12,247,600; Austrian Poland
(Galicia), 30,321 square miles and a popula-
tion of 8,025,675 (in 1910) and Prussian
Poland (Posen) an area of 11,184 square
miles and a population of 2,099,831 (1910) ;
total area. 85,309 square miles; total popula-
tion. 22,373,106.
HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC.
According to advices received from Buda-
pest, the "Hungarian People's Republic" was
proclaimed Nov. 16. 1918, by the Hungarian
national council and the two chambers of
parliament, with. Count Michael Karolyi as
president. It was planned to proclaim uni-
versal, secret and equal suffrage for men and
women. Hungary before the middle of Octo-
ber had declared herself independent of Aus-
tria. Archduke Joseph of Austria and his
son. Archduke Joseph Franz, took an oath to
"submit unconditionally to the orders of the
national council of Hungary and to support
it in all its decrees."
It was anticipated early in December, 1918.
that the future of the Hungarian state would
depend largely upon the decisions taken at
the peace conference. Hungary in 1910 had
an area -of 125.609 square miles and a popu-
lation oi 20.886.487.
GERMAN AUSTRIA.
On Oct. 23. 1918, the German-Austrian
deputies in the Austrian reichsrath formed an
assembly for the purpose of conducting the
affairs of the Germanic people in Austria and
issued a declaration announcing the creation
of the "German State of Austria." Karl Seitz,
leader of the German socialists in Austria, was
elected president of the new assembly. The
deputies announced their desire to bring about
the autonomy of the Germans in Austria and
to establish relations with other nations.
The assembly drew up a resolution respect-
ing1 the form of government of the territory
occupied by Germans. The "German State of
Austria.' it was said, would seek access to
the Adriatic sea, in agreement with other na-
tions. Pending the establishment of a con-
stitution, according to this proa-ram, the peo-
ple would be represented by the reichsrath
aeputies constituted as a provisional national
iiii sc m D Ly .
S i%& r,0,?, tne Dasis of language, there
wore 9,9oO,2b6 Germans out of a total popu-
lation of 28,324,940 in Austria.
UKRAINIA.
Ukrainia is one of the more important
slates carved out of what was once the Rus-
sian empire. It was proclaimed as the
Ukrainian People's Republic" Nov. 21 19J.7
and since then has had a troubled existence'
with uprisings, riots and several changes of
government. It made peace with Germany on
its own account, but the Germans by their
exactions and extortions aroused the resent-
ment of the farming classes, who resisted the
lorcible collection of grain and other ioori
stuffs from them. Because of the defeat of
the central powers and the denouncing of the
Brest-Litoysk treaties by the allies the status
ol Ukrainia will probably have to be decided
at*-the» Peace conference. The state has an
estimated area of 216,400 square miles and a
population of about 30.000,000. Kiev is the
UKRAINE TREATY WITH GERMANY.
Following are the provisions of the treaty of
peace signed at Brest-Litovsk Feb 9 1918 by
representatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria and Turkey on the one hand and of
the Ukrainian People's Republic on the other-
The preamble states that the Ukrainian peo-
ple, having in course of the present world war
declared itself to be independent and expressed
a wish to restore peace between itself and the
powers at war, desires "to take the first step
toward a lasting world's peace, honorable to
all parties, which shall not only put an end
to the horrors of war but also lead to the
restoration of friendly relations of the people
in the political, legal, economic and intellectual
realm."
The names of all of the plenipotentiaries en-
gaged in the negotiations are then set forth,
and they are declared to have reached an agree-
ment on the following points:
"Article I. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bul-
garia and Turkey on the one hand and the
Ukrainian People's Republic on the other de-
clare that the state of war between them is at
an end. The contracting parties are resolved
henceforth to live in peace and friendship with
one another.
"Art. II. Between Austria-Hungary on the
one hand and the Ukrainian People's Republic
on the other hand as far as these two powers
border one another, those frontiers will exist
which existed before the outbreak of the pres-
ent war between the Austro-Hungarian mon-
archy and Russia. Farther north the frontier
of the republic beginning at Tarnegrad will in
general follow the line of Bilgerey to Sroeze-
berzszyn, Krasnostau, Pugaszce. Radzyn, Meshi-
retschei, Sarnaki, Selnik. Wysekelitowsk, Ka-
mietslitqwsk, Prushany and to Wydozowskye-
see. This will be fixed in detail by a fixed
C9mmission according to ethnographical con-
ditions and with a. regard to the desires of the
population. Should the Ukrainian People's Re-
public have common frontiers with another of
the powers of the quadruple alliance special
agreements will be made thereon.
"Art. III. The evacuation of occupied ter-
ritories will begin immediately after the rati-
fication of the present treaty. The manner of
carrying out the evacuation and transfer of
the evacuated territories will be determined b>
the plenipotentiaries of the interested parties.
"Art. iy. The diplomatic and consular rela-
tions between the contracting parties will be
entered upon immediately after the ratification
of the peace treaty. The widest possible ad-
mittance of the respective parties to consuls is
to be reserved for a special agreement.
"Art. V. The contracting- parties mutually
renounce the reimbursement of their war costa
— that is to say, the state expenditure for car-
526
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
rying1 on the war, as well as indemnification
for damages, that is to say, those damages
suffered by them and their subjects in the
war, as through military measures, including
all requisitions made in the enemy's countries.
Art. VI. The respective prisoners of war
will be permitted to return home as far as
they do not desire, with the approval of the
state concerned, to remain in its territories or
proceed to another country. The regulation of
the questions connected herewith will follow
by means of separate treaties provided for in
article VIII.
Art. VII. The contracting parties undertake
mutually and without delay to enter into eco-
nomic relations and organize and exchange for
goods on the basis of the following prescrip-
tions :
"1. Until the 31st day of July of the cur-
rent year reciprocal exchange of the more im-
portant surplus supplies of agricultural and
industrial products will be carried out as fol-
lows for the purpose of covering current re-
quirements: The quantities and sorts of prod-
ucts to be exchanged will be settled by a joint
commission, to sit immediately upon the sig-
nature of the peace treaty; prices will be reg-
ulated by the joint commission; payments will
be made in gold on the basis of 1.000 German
imperial gold marks as the equivalent of 462
gold rubles of the former Russian empire, or
1,000 Austro-Hungarian gold kroner as the
equivalent of 393 rubles 78 kopeks of the for-
mer Russian empire. The exchange of goods
fixed by the joint commission aforementioned,
which commission will consist of equal num-
bers of representatives of both parties, will
take place through state central bureaus. The
exchange of those products which are not
fixed by the aforementioned commission will
take place by the way of free trade, according
to the stipulation of a provisional commercial
treaty.
"2. So far as it is not otherwise provided
the economic relations between the contracting
parties shall continue provisionally, and in any
case until the conclusion of a final commercial
treaty. But until the termination of a period
of at least six months after the conclusion of
peace between the central powers on the one
part and the European states at war with the
central powers, as well as the United States
and Japan, on the other part certain prescrip-
tions are laid down as a basis of relations."
As regards economic relations between Ger-
many and Ukraine the text of the treaty pre-
scribes what parts of the Russo-German com-
mercial and shipping treaties of 1894 and
1904 shall be put into force. The contracting
parties further agree to maintain the general
Russian customs tariff oi Jan. 13, 1903.
The treaty also provides (section 3) which
parts of the Austro-Hungarian-Russian com-
mercial and shipping treaty of Feb. 5, 1906,
shall be maintained, and adds:
"All the parties agree that all articles trans-
ported across the territory of either party shall
be free of duty. Trade mark agreements are
resumed and the contracting parties agree to
support each other in restoring railway tariffs.
Economic relations between Bulgaria and Tur-
key and Ukraine are to be settled according to
the most favored nation definition until defi-
nite commercial treaties are concluded.
"If the period provided for in the first para-
graph of section 2 should not occur before
June 30, 1919. each of the two contracting
parties is free from June 30, 1919, to give six
months' notice to terminate the prescriptions
contained in the above mentioned section.
"4. (a) The Ukrainian People's Republic
will make no claim to preferential treatment
which Germany grants Austria-Hungary, or an-
other country bound to her by a customs al-
liance, which directly borders on Germany, or
indirectly through another country bound to
her or Austria-Hungary by a customs alliance,
or which Germany grants to her own colonies.
foreign possessions and protectorates, or to
countries bound to her by a customs alliance.
Germany will make no claim to preferential
treatment which the Ukrainian People's Re-
public may grant to another country bound to
her by a customs alliance, which directly bor-
ders on Ukraine, or indirectly through another
country bound to her by a customs alliance,
or to the colonies, foreign possessions and
protectorates of one of the countries bound to
her by a customs alliance.
"5. (a) So far as commodities which origi-
nally came from Germany or Ukraine are
stored in neutral states, though the obligation
rests upon Germany and Ukraine that they
shall not be exported either directly or indi-
rectly to the territories of the other contract-
ing party, such restrictions regarding their dis-
posal shall be abolished so far as the con-
tracting parties are concerned. The two con-
tracting parties, therefore, undertake immedi-
ately to notify the governments of neutral
states of the above mentioned abolition of this
restriction.
"(b) So far as commodities which originally
came from Austria-Hungary or Ukraine are
stored in neutral states, although the obliga-
tion rests upon Austria-Hungary and Ukraine
that they shall neither directly nor indirectly
be' exported to the territories of the other con-
tracting party, such restriction respecting their
disposal will be abolished so far as the con-
tracting parties are concerned. Both contract-
ing parties, therefore, undertake immediately
to notify the governments of neutral states of
the above mentioned abolition of these re-
strictions.
"Art. Vm. 'Restoration of public and pri-
vate legal relations, the exchange of prisoners
of war and interned civilians, the question of
amnesty and the question^ of the treatment of
merchantmen in enemy hands will be regu-
lated in separate treaties with the Ukrainian
People's Republic, to form an essential part
of the present peace treaty, which so far as
practicable will take effect simultaneously
therewith.
"Art. IX. The agreements made in this peace
treaty form an indivisible whole.
"Art. X. For the interpretation of this treaty
the German and Ukrainian texts are authori-
tative in regard to relations between Germany
and Ukraine, the German, Hungarian and
Ukrainian texts for relations between Austria-
Hungary and Ukraine, the Bulgarian and
Ukrainian texts for relations between Bulgaria
and Ukraine, the Turkish and Ukrainian texts
for relations being Turkey and Ukraine."
The concluding part of ' the treaty provides :
"The present peace treaty will be ratified.
Ratified documents shall be exchanged as soon
as possible. So far as there are no provisions
to the contrary the peace treaty shall come
into force on ratification."
FINLAND.
The new state of Finland, which proclaimed
its independence July 20, 1917, and, announced
the formation of a republic on Oct. 7 the
same year, was the scene of fighting and
bloodshed in 1918. and its status on Dec. 1
was uncertain. It was the scene of many bat-
tles between the red guards of the Russian
bolsheviki and the white guards under Gen.
Mannerheim. Then it was occupied by the
Germans, with whom a treaty of peace was
made on March 7. and efforts were made to
turn it into a kingdom, with a German prince
on the throne. In November. 1918, the Ger-
man troops were withdrawn and it was an-
nounced that Gen. Mannerheim would be g-ov-
emor, with a coalition government in power.
OTHER NEW RUSSIAN STATES.
Among the many new states carved out of
the old Russian empire in 1917 and 1918
may be mentioned Esthonia. Siberia, the Don
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
627
Republic, the Tatar-Bashkir Republic. White
Kussia. Republic of Turkestan, Republic oi
Kazan, Republic of Georgia, Ciscaucasia, the
Tauride Repuolic, the Yakutsk Republic,
Ccurland. the Siberian Republic (Omsk) .
Archangel, and Vladivostok. The limits of
authority, population and government of
these states cannot be given until conditions
in Russia become more settled. In DecemDer,
1918, everything- was unsettled and uncertain,
•with new dictators and new governments
springing- up almost daily.
STATUS OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.
One oi the questions which may be settled
at the peace conference following the world
war is that regarding1 the status oi Schleswig
and Holstein, the provinces which were taken
irom Denmark by Prussia in 1864. In Octo-
ber, 1918 Denmark sent a note to Germany
suggesting that certain terms of the treaties
executed between the two countries in the
period from 1860 to 1870 should be carried
out. It was pointed out that article V. of
the treaty of 1864. which ceded the duke-
doms of Schleswigr-Holsteirv and Lauenburg to
Prussia, provided for a plebiscite in Schles-
wig to decide whether the inhabitants would
prefer allegiance to Germany or to Denmark.
This provision, it was declared, never had been
carried out.
On Nov. 10, 1918, it was reported that
Schleswig-Holstein was preparing to declare
itself an independent state, with a provisional
government controlled by workers^ and sol-
diers' councils on the bolshevist order. How-
ever, the desire of the inhabitants of Schles-
wig, at least, has always been to return un-
der the jurisdiction of Denmark, most of them
being Danes. Citizens of the United States
hailing from Schleswig (or Slesvig. as the
Danes spell it) in November sent the follow-
ing petition to President Wilson:
"At this moment of glorious dawn when a
new day seems to be breaking upon the world
with promise of a universal readjustment on
the basis of justice and right, we. American
citizens hailing from the German province
Slesvig. turn to you with an urgent appeal
that you bring before the world the case of
our oppressed kinsmen in the old country.
"What they ask. and what we ask on their
behalf, implies no taking of territory from one
nation for the enlargement or aggrandizement
of another. While we know that Danes all
over the world, without regard to political
allegiance, are with us. our appeal is made re-
gardless of them and withtout thought of gain
or loss to Denmark. All we ask for our race
in Slesvig. and all they ask for themselves,
is that they be granted the right for which
you have speken with such convincing power
— the right of determining for themselves
whether they are to give allegiance to Ger-
many or to Denmark.
"There can be the less Question or hesi-
tation about the validity of their demand be-
cause it was explicitly reserved to them by
point 5 of the treaty made at Prague in 1866.
Is it not meet that to-day, when other 'scraps
of paper' torn by Germany are being pieced
together again, this one as well be made
binding once more ?
"We think that we know what you feel
about the subject so close to our hearts-
closer than ever because we ourselves are no
longer victims of the tyranny against which
we protest. We can see more than one reason
why. until now, the name of Slesvig has not
been included in any one of those heart stir-
ring utterances of yours that are being made
the fundamental documents for the world's re-
building into a safe refuge for true democ-
racy. But now we believe that all such rea-
sons have lost their binding force. Now.
when the fetters are falling from the limbs
of one nation and race after another the time
has come, we believe, to add the name of
Slesvig to those that have a valid claim to
the support and sympathy not only of this
great nation but of all the world's victorious
democracies.
"As Americans we pray you speak, and
Bpcax soon, in order that those of our peo-
ple wao are less fortunate than we may be
granted the simple elementary rights of
self-determination and self-government lor
the preservation of which we and our chil-
dren are noiv working at home and lig-htuig-
abroad."
PRESIDENT WILSON'S REPLY.
To this petition the president made the
following answer:
"The White House. Washington. Nov. 12.
1918.— My Dear Mr. Bodholdt: In address-
ing myself to you I wish to include not only
Carl Plow of Petaluma. Cal., and Jens Jen-
sen of Chicago, who with you have been the
chief spokesmen of Slesvig in this country, but
all the Slesvigers who have signed the peti-
tion directed to me, as well as the still greater
number of Americans of Danish race who
have indorsed that petition.
"The statement you have given me signed
by former residents of Slesvig and indorsed
by a still greater number of Danes, all now
American citizens, voices anew an unforgotten
injustice. I can but assure you that your ap-
pe:il to America's sympathy and passion for
justice will not gx> unheeded, for it founda
Uself wisely upon the rights of men .to rule
themselves and to choose the manner in which
that self-rule shall be exercised. I do not
doubt that your voice and that of your for-
mer countrymen will be heard and heeded
wherever the thought of the nations turns to
the righting of old wrongs kept fresh by the
lengthened oppression of the intervening years.
It is for the whole world, which has borne the
burdens of war, to share in the adjustments
of peace. Not America alone, but all the
peoples now quickened to a newer sense of
the values of justice, must join in the relief
of a grievance whose continuance would
traverse the principles for which more than
a score of nations are now fighting.
"Pleasp accept on behalf of the Slesvigera
in this country niy thanks for the faith oi
which their petition is an evidence and on
behalf of your race in the old country, my
earnest wish lor the hastening of the day
when right and justice shall prevail to deliver
them from oppression.
"Cordially and sincerely yours.
"WOOD ROW WILSON.
"The Rev. K. C. BODHOLDT.
"816 Union street, Racine. Wis."
Schleswig-Holstein. including Helgoland, has
an area of 7,340 square miles. In 1910 it had
a population of 1.021.00*.
REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA.
The republic of Lithuania, it was announced
Nov. 30. 1918. had been proclaimed at Riga
in the -presence of the national council and
great numbers of the population. Karl Ullman
was chosen the first president of the new state.
Lithuania is situated in the basin of the
Nemunas (Niemen). and the Dauguva (Deina)
rivers, on the southeast coast of the Baltic*
sea. Ethnographic Lithuania corresponds to
the following administrative divisions, which
were once part ol Russian czardom: The gov-
ernments of Vilna. Kovna. Suvalki. Grodno, a
Part of Courland. and the governments of
Minsk and Vitebsk : also the provinces in East
Prussia known as Tilze (Tilsit). Klaipeda
(Memel). Gumbine (Gurri'bincn) and Karaliau-
cius (Koenig-gbers:) . The city of Vilnius (Vil-
na) is the capital of Lithuania.
The area which ethnographical Lithuania oc-
cupies is approximately 80.000 square miles.
The population is aljout 9.000.000. of whom
7.000.000 are Lithuanians (3.500.000 Lithu-
anians proper; 1,500,000 Lithuanians using-
Slavic dialect: and 3.000.000 Letts), and 308.-
444 Poles. The rest of the population con-
sists of Jews. White Russians. Germans. Mon-
gols and others.
•From the Lithuanian word "baltas" — white.
528
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
GERMAN LNTBIGUE
The following- translations of messages be-
tween the German legation in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, and the foreign office in Berlin
were published by. Secretary Lansing, in agree-
ment with the minister for foreign affairs of
Argentina. Dec. 20, 1917:
Says Foreign, Minister Shows an "Insane
Cunning."
Buenos Aires to Berlin. July 7 or 8. 1917
( No. 62 ) . — Minister for foreign affairs, who
is a theatrical person, has shown an insane
cunning in preventing me from having an in-
terview with the president. He sent me a
copy of the note and declared in accordance
therewith that Argentina could not consent
to all the products of the country being
treated as contraband.
The pressure of North America in regard to
shipping iron, coal and paper is great, but not
irresistible. What is lacking is strength of
will.
If the president, whose action it is impos-
sible to foretell, changes ministers a postpone-
ment of the crisis or a settlement is possible.
If the answer is unsatisfactory there is to
be a rupture of relations. LUXBURG.
Suggests Submarine Squadron Might "Save
Situation."
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 7, 1917 (No.
63). — Our attitude toward Brazil has created
the impression, here that our easy going good
nature can be cpunted on. This is dangerous
in South America, where the people under
thin veneer are Indians. A submarine squad-
ron with full powers to me might probably
still save the situation, I request instructions
as tp whether after a rupture of relations
legation is to start for home or to remove to
Paraguay or possibly Chile. The naval at-
tache will doubtless go to Santiago de Chile.
LUXBURG.
Quotes President Desiring the Friendship of
Germany.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 10, 1917 (No.
67). — President in the course of a long inter-
view protested his friendship for Germany and
firm desire for neutrality in spite of severe
pressure. He demanded forbearance for all
ships, about six In number, proceeding to the
war zone, but conceded that contraband found
on board might be destroyed. He stated that
it is a fact that there are no more Bhips
available. He regretted the possibility of rup-
ture. Am reporting further. LUXBURG.
Savs Chancellor's Speech Made a Good
Impression.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 13. 1917 (No.
69). — Imperial chancellor's declaration of no
peace without annexations' has made the best
impression among our friends and also created
impression of the strength of our confidence
of victory. The news of the crisis and the
dismissal of numerous ministers is being ex-
ploited by our enemies. LUXBURG.
Reports President Refusing to Invite U. 8.
Squadron.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 14, 1917 (No.
70). — Situation better, president refuses to in-
vite American squadron. I am negotiating
respecting proposals for the solution of the
ship question. LUXBURG.
Suggests Nature of Reply to Note on Toro
Sinking.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 15, 1917 (No.
71). — At the special request of the president
I have undertaken to transmit the following.
We have discussed the following- proposals:
1. That our reply to the n9te should merely
express regret for the necessity of sinking the
Toro on account of contraband and should
give the desired assurance as regards the fu-
ture on condition that Argentine shirs avoid
contraband and any hostile tindertakinir. This
reply to be couched in conciliatory language.
LUXBTIRO.
IN SOUTH AMERICA.
Outlines Some of Terms of the Proposed
Protocols.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 15. 1917 (No
72. Continuation of No. 71) .—Protocols to
be exchanged here.
2. Argentina to promise that for the future
ships will avoid the blockade zone or per-
haps that the government should decline re-
sponsibility. ,
3. We to allow the five or six very .small
vessels now on the way to pass through with-
out convoy. Details remain for further set-
tlement. LUXBURG.
Recommends Delaying Answer Until End of
the Month.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 19. 1917 (No
73. In continuation of number 71).— Visit of
American fleet is expected next week probably
for five days. After that a change of minis-
ters is probable.
Recommend delaying answer till end of
month and when it is given going fully into
the Toro case in conciliatory language em-
phasizing contraband, cruiser warfare, and ex-
pressing regret at the necessity for sinking
her. Owners here Dodero are agents of an
enemy government and have sold 16th inst.
Argentine steamship to France for patrol serv-
ice. Continuation follows. » LUXBURG.
Advises Conciliatory Tone Regarding Interna-
tional Law.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, July 20, 1917 (No
74. Continuation of No. 73).— In regard to
treatment 9f general question of note, please
show conciliatory attitude in regard to rec-
ognized international law and suggest further
negotiation; the Argentine government wishes
to continue conversations. Chile has removed
flag from steamer Iquique, property of Do-
dero. Recommend expressing recognition of
this to the Chilean minister. LUXBURG.
Tells of Radio Plant Erected According to
Instructions.
Buenoa Aires to Berlin, July 20 (No. 75).—
1. Receiving plant erected according to in-
structions. When does Nauen send at great-
est strength and which is the wave length?
2. The legation balance at the bank was.
on June 30, 856,000 pesos. LUXBURG.
Asks That Note Be Delayed Until First of
August.
Buenos Aires to Berlin. July 24, 1917 (No.
80). — Confidential also for Molina in agree-
ment with Saguier, who is shortly to take
over the ministry of foreign affairs. I beg
that the reply to the note may be delayed un>-
til the first of August. LUXBURG.
"Remittances Are Dependent on the General
Situation."
Buenos Aires to Berlin. July 25, 1917 (No.
82). — 1. Remittance of coupons of provincial
and state loans depends on the general situ-
ation we are negotiating.
2. Union is in need of a subvention on ac-
count of the blacklist and prices about 10.000
pesos monthly. ( LUXBURG.
Gives Names and Tonnage of Ships Sailing to
Europe.
Buenos Aires to Berlin. July 28. 1917 (No.
83). — Destination and particulars of ships
bound for Europe are kept strictly secret.
The following are on the way, the first two
being over 800 tons, the others under: Ca-
borna, Pellegrini, Unioning. Laterra, Francia.
Peru. Venezuela. Itamby. Brazil. Bolivia, sail-
ng from Brazilian ports at various dates,
the last named 20th July. Steamer lies low
in the water and has a superstructure amid-
ihips. LUXBURG.
Says President Decides on Making Secret
Agreement.
Buenos Aires to Berlin. Aug. 1. 1917 (No.
85) . — The president has at last made up hit
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
529
mind to conclude a secret agreement with
Chile and Bolivia with regard to a mutual
rapprochement for protection vis a vis North
America before the conference idea is taken
up again. Saguier. with friendly undersec-
retary of state and full powers, is on his way
to * * _ * and Santiae-o. LUXBURG.
"Agreement Not Possible": Suggests Arbitra-
tion Court.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 5, 1917 (No.
87. Reply to telegram 149) . — Agreement not
possible since minister insists that protocol
shall establish the obligation to pay indem-
nity and contain provision for freedom for
known Argentine ships carrying the products
of the country. Most of the ships have been
sold to the enemy and will change flags. I
recommend answering the new note after 10th
August in friendly terms and if necessary
proposing a court of arbitration.
LUXBURG.
"Marine and Foreign Affairs Ministers Prob-
ably Bribed."
Buenos Aires to Berlin. Aug. 4, 1917 (No.
88) . — Please treat with indulgence the last at-
tempt of the government to put on pressure.
The minister of marine and the minister for
foreign affairs are probably bribed. President
holds with us. The fact that North America
is supplying munitions and advancing loan in-
terest to Brazil has made an impression here.
Please cable me at once further full powers.
LUXBURG.
Advises the Cultivation of Friendship with
Chile.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 4, 1917 (No.
89) . — I am convinced that we shall be able
to carry through our principal political aims
in South America, the maintenance of open
market in Argentina, and the reorganization
of South Brazil equally well whether with OT
against Argentina. Please cultivate friendship
with Chile. The announcement of a visit of a
submarine squadron to salute the president
would even now exercise decisive influence on
the situation in South America. Prospect ex-
cellent for wheat harvest in December.
LUXBURG.
Information That U. S. Asked Neutral Con-
ference Dropped.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 7, 1917 (No.
90). — I have certain information that North
American note to Argentina asked that con-
ference of South American neutrals should be
dropped. Vanity does not allow them to tell
the truth. Meanwhile there is a possibility
that congress may be unconstitutionally dis-
solved by president. Please show willingness
to meet the Argentine government as far as
possible. LUXBURG.
"Important to Avoid the Appearance of
Weakness."
Buenos Aires to Berlin, (About) Aug. 10.
1917 (No. 94. Reply to No. 157).— It is not
known with certainty which ships are sold. I
have not communicated to president sugges-
tion about sparing- Argentine ships for the
present: it is important to avoid appearance
of weakness in face of the pressure. Please
give me full powers, secret and comprehensive,
to settle matters, and let reply to note be
courteous in tone. Best of all would be au-
thorization to announce submarine visit.
LUXBURG.
Makes New Proposals Over Head of Foreign
Minister.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 13. 1917 (No.
95). — Advise delaying reply to note still fur-
ther. My new proposal made over the head
of the minister for foreign affairs is as fol-
lows :
1. Toro case to be settled by international
court of arbitration.
2. Assurance that Argentine ships will be
spared in accordance with international law.
3. Protocol according to which Argentine
ships avoid war zone. Germany allows all
steamers now on the way to pass through
both going and returning.
President's answer not yet received: request
instruction. LUXBURG.
Considers Readjustment Is. Probable but Not
Certain.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 16, 1917 (No.
97. Reply to telegram 158). — Readjustment
probable, not certain. Objections of govern-
ment regarding concessions have to be over-
come, what amount is to be reimbursed to
trans-ocean; what is desired is that the Ger-
man government as sleeping partner should
share expenses up to date half and half with
Siemens Schuckert and also in future the
working expenses of the company.
LUXBJJRG.
New Orientation Appears to Be "Proceeding
Favorably."
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 16, 1917 (No.
98) . — This government's new orientation seems
to be proceeding1 favorably. Saguier, who has
been invited by Peru, will visit Lima and then
Santiago. LUXBURG.
Argentine President Firm in Adhering to
Neutrality.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 18. 1917 (No.
99) . — Reference to your telegram No. 166.
Secret. I have had a long and agitated con-
ference with president. He is conscious that
there have been errors in the past and has
firm intention of adhering to neutrality and
it is asserted that all pending conflicts may
be settled on loyal broad lines on a basis of
mutual confidence. He recommends that an
early settlement should be arrived at. First,
instead of there being a protocol Argentine
ships should on the one hand tacitly be spared
and on, the other be prevented from going to
sea. As a matter of fact the use of the
Argentine flag has latterly been refused re-
peatedly, moreover shipbuilding material is
exhausted. Continuation follows.
LUXBURG.
Should Be Assurance That Ships Will Not Be
Harmed.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 18, 1917 (No.
100. Continuation of No. 99).— Second, as
regards note of your excellency or of the
imperial legation, the lines of which were
telegraphed to Molina at the president's wish,
a large hearted solution should be arrived at
out of friendship. There should be assurance
that Argentine ships will not be harmed and
that freedom of movement will be allowed
them in accordance with international law.
As regards Toro indemnity there should be
same procedure as in the case of the Monte
Protegido, but ship's value should only come
in so far as it is not covered by insurance.
The president deserves confidence.
LUXBURG.
"Public Opinion Unpatriotic"; Advises Imme-
diate Settlement.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Aug. 24, 1917 (No.
103. Reply to telegram No. 170).— Public
opinion is becoming unpatriotic. I recommend
an immediate, definite settlement. My tele-
graphic communication with Mexico is entirely
interrupted. LUXBURG.
Says Friendly Minister Fears Secret Wire May
Be Compromised.
Buenos Aires to Berlin. Sept. 1, 1917.— A
friendly minister regrets very much the com-
munication made at Berlin to Molina to the
effect that telegraphic instructions to me were
contemplated. He fears that the secret wire
may be compromised. The Argentine govern-
ment has published all reports and drafts, as
well as the instructions sent to me through,
Molina respecting- the last note.
LUXBURG.
530
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Says He Is Allowed Only Seldom to See the
President.
Buenos Aires to Berlin, Sept. 1, 1917 (No.
108). — I can be — in fact, 1 am — allowed only
seldom to see the president. The governmetit
here is ready to communicate details about
the ships through Molina. Please show no
anxiety. LUXBURG.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, July 3. 1917 (No.
137) . — For naval attache. In reply to tele-
gram No. 34. He is one of our agents.
Berlin Announces Proposals and Adds Secret
Instructions.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, (About) July 24,
1917 (Np. 149) .—Proposal agreed to if for-
mulated in the following terms; Germany al-
lows six ships of moderate size in the block-
ade area while on their present journey here
and back provided they are not convoyed. In-
structions are being issued accordingly. As
it is not absolutely certain that information
can be given in time, compensation is agreed
to in case a ship . is unintentionally sunk.
Argentina promises that in future her ships
will keep away from the blockade area and
Argentine ships are to remain unharmed if
they neither carry contraband nor undertake
any hostile enterprise. I authorize you to
sign a protocol in accordance with this. If
the palliative [paragraph?] above referred to
cannot be obtained you should declare to the
president verbally that the imperial govern-
ment, in full appreciation of the value of the
continuance of the historic friendship between
the two countries, entertains a well-founded
confidence that incidents productive of harm
to Argentine ships will not occur again in the
future. Very secret, for your personal in-
formation. Argentine ships will be treated with
forbearance as far as they can be recognized.
It is quite impossible to make an express
communication to that effect to the Argentine
government on account of other neutrals and
of military considerations. The desired Toro
note will be handed to the Argentine minister.
ZIMMERMANN.
Berlin Asks for Names of Ships That Have
Been Sold.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, ( About) Aug. 8, 1917
(No. 157) . — Please telegraph the names of
the ships which have been sold. Have you
made use of the second alternative in telegram
No. 149. vis a vis the president?
STRUMM.
Plan to Mollify Neutrals After Payment of
Indemnity.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, (About) Aug. 11,
1917 (No. 161). — Please, as far as possible,
deal with the president, and in answering last
note state that after explanation of circum-
stances we are prepared to pay compensation
for Tqro. As regards safety for Argentine
ships in future, please refer verbally to ex-
planations given lately to Argentine minister
here as well as to the declaration which you
were empowered to make. For your informa-
tion— In answer to complaints from other
neutrals, the payment of indemnity will be
explained by saying that part of the cargo
was for Switzerland should necessity arise.
Acknowledge by telegraph. KUEHLMANN.
7s Empowered to Announce a Probable Sub-
marine Visit.
Berlin' to Buenos Aires, (About) Aug. 12,
1917 (No. 163. Reply to No. 94).— The
Argentine minister is receiving here only gen-
eral oral information. The answering of the
note, in accordance with instructions in our
telegrams Nos. 161 and 149, is left to you.
You are empowered to announce a submarine
visit should politico-military situation allow.
KUEHLMANN.
Suggests That He Go to Chile in Case a
Rupture Occurs.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, Aug. 16, 1917 (No.
165. Reply to No. 63).— In case of a rup-
ture of relations I request legation to go to
Chile, hand over protection of German inter-
ests to Swedish legation.
VON DEM BUSSCHE-HADDENHAUSEN.
Proposals Are Agreed To, Including Toro
Indemnity.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, Aug. 15. 1917 (No.
166. Reply to No. 95) .—Proposals agreed to
in their form: One, indemnity for Toro to be
agreed to in accordance with telegram No
161; two, agreed to provide as is implied by;
three, war zone remains excluded and our in-
terpretation of international law is not nar-
rowed by any addition; three, agreed to. If
the above suggested agreement suffices to pre-
vent a rupture of relations previous instruc-
tions are canceled, as an agreement is prefer-
able.
Tells of Secret Instructions by "the Well
Known Way." •
Berlin to Buenos Aires. Aug. 21. 1917 (No.
170).— Telegram No. 99. and draft of note re-
ceived. The matter will be dealt with as
speedily as possible. Draft of note will prob-
ably be sent through the Argentine minister.
Secret instructions by the well known way.
KUEHLMANN.
The Proposed Sparing of Ships "Must Be
Absolutely Secret."
Berlin to Buenos Aires, Aug. 25, 1917 (No
172) .—Reference to my telegram No. 170'
the proposed sparing of ships must absolutely
remain secret, otherwise submarine war would
be endangered. As blockade area rests on the
principle of retaliation, not on international
law, the note must contain a limitation in
this sense: Full compensation is guaranteed
in regard to the Toro, .but in view of the
precedent involved this is to be attributed not
to liberality but to the circumstances of the
case; that this course is justified by the facts
A draft note on these lines will follow through
ine Argentine minister. Please await its ar-
rival. Former instructions canceled.
Rely on Promise to Prevent Ships' Going 1o
Blockade Area.
Berlin to Buenos Aires, Aug. 26, 1917 (No
175. Reply to telegram No. 104).— Draft note
for you has been handed to Argentine minister
Please present it if possible to the presi-
dent. Request president that you may be
furnished with names and numbers of ships
involved. Point out that we rely on his prom-
ise to prevent ships from proceeding to the
blockade area. Please state at once, should
any incident take place, and this is not quite
impossible owing to technical reasons, that we
are in any circumstances prepared to adopt
the most conciliatory attitude.
Berlin to Buenos Aires. Sept. 1. 1917 (No.
176) .—Now that Toro matter is satisfactorily
disposed of, please express to the president
the expectation of the imperial government
that he will prevent ships from proceeding to
blockade area. Report by wire. BUSSCHE. ,
"Firm Intention of Setting Council Against
North America."
Buenos Aires to Santiago. Chile, July 19
1917 (No. 64).— With reference to your postal
cipher dispatch 1730. I congratulate you on
the solution arrived at. As long as Chile is
neutral. Germany will be able after the war
to carry out her South American policy just
as well, if not more easily, in opposition to
an infatuated and misguided Argentina as with
Argentina on her side. All sensible men here,
even Zeballos. allow that Chile is obviously
better governed than Argentina: moreover,
the situation here is by no means incapable
of solution. The president has the firm in-
tention of setting the council of ministers
against North America. Use the above con-
fidentially. LUXBURG.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FDR 1919.
531
THE DECLARATION OF LONDON.
Because of its importance in connection
with the peace conference and the determina-
tion of issues arising from the world war the
historical agreement known as the "Declara-
tion of London Concerning- the Rules of Naval
WarV adopted Feb. t». 19u9. is herewith given
in full: "
His majesty the German emperor, king- of
Prussia: the president of the United States of
America; his majesty the emperor of Austria.
king1 of Bohemia, etc.. and apostolic king of
Hungary; his majesty the king of Spain: the
president of the French republic: his majesty
the king of the united kingdom of Great Brit-
ain and Ireland and of the British dominions
beyond the seas, emperor of India; his majesty
the king of Italy: his majesty the emperor of
Japan: her majesty the queen of the Nether-
lands; his majesty the emperor of all the
Russias:
Having regard to. the terms in which the
British government invited various powers to
meet in conference in order to arrive at an
agreement as to what are the generally rec-
ognized rules of international law within the
meaning of article 7 of the convention of
18th October. 1907. relative to the establish-
ment of an international prize court: recog-
nizing all the advantages which an agreement
as to the said rules would, in the unfortunate
event of a naval war, present, both as regards
peaceful commerce, and as regards the bel-
ligerents and their diplomatic relations with
neutral governments: having regard to the
divergence often found in the methods by
which it is sought to apply in practice the
general principles of international law; ani-
mated by the desire to insure henceforward a
greater measure of uniformity in this respect;
hoping that a work so important to the com-
mon welfare will meet with general approval:
have appointed as their plenipotentiaries, that
is to say :
His majesty the German emperor, king of
Prussia: M. Kriege, privy councilor of lega-
tion and legal adviser to the department for
foreign affairs, member of the permanent
court of arbitration.
The president of the United States of Amer-
ica: Rear-Admiral Charles H. Stockton, re-
tired: Mr. George Graf ton Wilson, professor
at Brown university and lecturer on interna-
tional law at the naval war college and at
Harvard university.
His majesty the emperor of Austria, king
of Bohemia, etc., and apostolic king of Hun-
gary: His excellency M. Constantin Theodore
Dumba. privy councilor of his imperial and
royal apostolic majesty, envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary.
His majesty the king of Spain: M. Gabriel
Maura y Gamazo, Count de la Mortera. mem-
ber of parliament.
The president of the French republic: M.
Louis Renault, professor pf the faculty of law
at Paris, honorary minister plenipotentiary,
legal adviser to the ministry of foreign affairs,
member of the Institute of France, member of
the permanent court of arbitration.
His majesty the king of the united king-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the
British dominions beyond the seas, emperor
of India: The Earl of Desart, K. C. B..
king's proctor.
His majesty the king of Italy: M. Guido
Fusinato, councilor of state, member of par-
liament, ex-minister of public instruction,
member of the permanent court of arbitration.
His majesty the emperor of Japan: Baron
Toshiatsu Sakamoto, vice-admiral, head of the
department of naval instruction: M. Enjiro
Yamaza, councilor of the imperial embassy at
London.
Her majesty the queen of the Netherlands:
His excellency Jonkheer J. A. Roell, aid de
camp to her majesty the queen in extraor-
dinary service, vice-admiral retired, px-minister
of marine; Jonkheer L. H. Ruyssenaers, en-
voy extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary, ex-secretary-general of the permanent
court of arbitration.
His majesty the emperor of all the Rus-
siaa: Baron Taube. doctor of laws, council-
or to the imperial ministry of foreign af-
fairs, professor of international law at the
University of St. Petersburg.
Who, after having communicated their full
powers, found to be in good and due form,
have agreed to make the present declaration:
PRELIMINARY PROVISION.
The signatory powers are agreed that the
rules contained in the fpllowing chapters cor-
respond in substance with the generally rec-
ognized principles of international law.
Chapter I.— Blockade in Time of War.
Article 1. A blockade must not extend be-
yond the ports and coasts belonging to or
occupied by the enemy.
Art. 2. In accordance with the Declaration
of Paris of 1856, a btoekade, in order to be
binding, must be effective — that is to say, il
must be maintained by a force sufficient real-
ly to prevent access to the enemy coastline.
Art. 3. The question whether a blockade is
effective is a question of fact.
Art. 4. A blockade is not regarded as raised
if the blockading force is temporarily with-
drawn on account of stress of weather.
Art. 5. A blockade must be applied impar-
tially to the ships of all nations.
Art. 6. The commander of a blockading force
may give permission to a warship to enter,
and subsequently to leave, a blockaded port.
Art. 7. In circumstances of distress, acknowl-
edged by an officer of the blockading force, a
neutral vessel may enter a place under block-
ade and subsequently leave it, provided that
she has neither discharged nor shipped any
cargo there.
Art. 8. A blockade, in order to be binding,
must be declared in accordance with article 9.
and notified in accordance with articles 11 and
16.
Art. 9.— A declaration of blockade is made
either by the blockading power or by the
naval authorities acting in its name.
It specifies:
1. The date when the blockade begins:
2. The geographical limits oi the coast-
line under blockade;
3. The period within which neutral ves-
sels may come out.
Art. 10. If the operations of the blockad-
ing power or of the naval authorities acting
in its name, do not tally with the particulars,
which, in accordance with article 9, (1) and
(2). must be inserted in the declaration of
blockade, the declaration is void, and a new
declaration is necessary in order to make the
blockade operative.
Art. 11. A declaration of blockade is noti-
fied:
1. To neutral powers, by the blockading
power by means of a communication
addressed to the governments direct, or
to their representatives accredited to it;
2. To the local authorities, by the officer
commanding the blockading force. The
local authorities will, in turn, inform
the foreign consular officers at the port
or on the coastline under blockade as
soon as possible.
Art. 12. The rules as to declaration and
notification of blockade apply to cases where
the limits of a blockade are extended, or
where a blockade is re-established after hav-
ing been raised.
Art. 13. The voluntary raising of a block-
ade, as also any restriction in the limits of a
blockade, must be notified in the manner pre-
scribed by article 11.
632
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Art. 14. The liability of a neutral vessel to
capture for breach of blockade is contingent
on her knowledge, actual or presumptive, of
the blockade.
Art. 15. Failing- proof to the contrary, knowl-
edge of the blockade is presumed if the vessel
left a neutral port subseauently to the notifi-
cation of the blockade to the power to which
such port belongs, provided that such notifica-
tion was made in sufficient time.
Art. 16. If a vessel approaching a block-
aded port has no knowledge, actual or pre-
sumptive, of the blockade, the notification
must be made to the vessel ^itself by an of-
ficer of one of the ships of the blockading
force. This notification should be entered in
the vessel's logbook, and must state the day
and hour, and the geographical position of
the vessel at the time.
If through the negligence of the officer com-
manding the blockading force no declaration
of blockade has been notified to the local au-
thorities, or, if in the declaration, as notified,
no period has been mentioned within which
neutral vessels may come out, a neutral ves-
sel coming out of the blockaded port must
be allowed to pass free.
Art. 17. Neutral vessels may not be captured
lor breach of blockade except within the area
of operations of the warships detailed tc ren-
der the blockade effective.
Art. 18. The blockading forces must not bar
access to neutral ports or coasts.
Art. 19. Whatever may be the ulterior des-
tination of a vessel or of her cargo, she can-
aot be captured for breach of blockade, if,
at the moment, she is on her way to a non-
blockaded port.
Art. 20. A vessel which has broken block-
ade outward, or which has attempted to break
blockade inward, is liable to capture so long
as she is pursued by a ship of the blockading
force. If the pursuit is abandoned, or if
blockade is raised, her capture can no longer
be effected.
Art. 21. A vessel found guilty of breach of
blockade is liable to condemnation. The cargo
is also condemned, unless it is proved that at
the time of the shipment of the goods the
shipper neither knew nor could have known
of the intention to break the blockade.
Chapter II.— Contraband of War.
Art. 22. The following articles may, with-
out notice, be treated as contr^oand of war,
under the name of absolute contraband:
1. Arms of all kinds, including arms for
sporting purposes and their distinctive
component parts.
2. Projectiles, charges and cartridges of all
kinds and their distinctive component
parts.
3. Powder and explosives specially pre-
pared for use in war.
4. Gun-mountings, limber boxes, limbers,
military wagons, field forges and their
distinctive component parts.
6. Clothing and equipment of a distinctive^!
ly military character.
6. All kinds of harness of a distinctively
military character.
7. Saddle, draft, and pack animals suit-
able for use in war.
8 j> Articles of camp equipment and their
distinctive component parts.
9. Armor-plates.
10. Warships, including boats, and their
distinctive component parts of such a
nature that they can only be used on
a vessel of war.
11. Implements and apparatus designed ex-
clusively for the manufacture of muni-
tions of war. for the manufacture or
repair of arms, or war material for use
on land or sea.
Art. 23. Articles exclusively used for war
may be added to the list of absolute contra-
band by a declaration, which must be notified.
Such notification must be addressed to the
governments of other powers, or to their rep-
resentatives accredited to the power making
the declaration'. A notification made after
the outbreak of hostilities is addressed only
to neutral powers.
Art. 24. The following articles, susceptible
of use in war as well as for purposes of peace,
may, without notice, be treated as contra-
band of war, under the name of conditional
contraband :
1. Foodstuffs.
2. Forage and grrain. suitable for feeding
animals.
3. Clothing, fabrics for clothing and boots
and shoes, suitable for use in war.
4. Gold and silver in coin or bullion; paper
money.
5. Vehicles of all kinds available for use
in war and their component parts.
6. Vessels, craft and boats of all kinds;
floating docks, parts of docks and their
component parts.
7. Railway material, both fixed and rolling
stock, and material for telegraphs, wire-
less telegraphs and telephones.
8. Balloons and flying machines and their
distinctive component parts, together
with accessories and articles recogniz-
able as intended for use in connection
with balloons and flying machines.
9. Fuel: lubricants.
10. Powder and explosives not specially pre-
pared for use in war.
11. Barbed wire and implements lor fixing
and cutting the same.
12. Horseshoes and shoeing materials.
13. Harness and saddlery.
14. Field glasses, telescopes, chronometers
and all kinds of nautical instruments.
Art. 25. Articles susceptible of use in war
as well as . for purposes of peace, other than
those enumerated in articles 22 and 24, may
be added to the list of conditional contraband
by a declaration, which must be notified in
the manner provided for in the second para-
graph of article 23.
Art. 26. If a power waives, so far as it is
concerned, the right to treat as contraband
of war an article comprised in any of the
classes enumerated in articles 22 and 24, such
intention shall be announced by a declaration,
which must be notified in the manner pro-
vided for in the second paragraph of article 23.
Art. 27. Articles which are not susceptible
of use in war may not be declared contraband
of war.
Art. 28. The following may not be declared
contraband of war:
1. Raw cotton, wool, silk, jute, flax, hemp
and other raw materials of the textile
industries and yarns of the same.
2. Oil seeds and nuts: copra.
3. Rubber, resins, gums and lacs: hops.
4. Raw hides and horns, bones and ivory.
6. Natural and artificial manures, includ-
ing- nitrates and phosphates for agri-
cultural purposes.
6. Metallic ores.
7. Earths, clays, lime, chalk, stone, includ-
ing marble, bricks, slates and tiles.
8. Chinaware and glass.
9. Paper and paper making materials.
10. Soap, paint and colors, including arti-
cles exclusively used in their manufac-
ture, and varnish.
11. Bleaching powder, soda ash, caustic
soda, salt cake, ammonia, sulphate of
ammonia and sulphate of copper.
12. Agricultural, mining, textile and print-
ing machinery.
13. Precious and semiprecious stones, pearls,
mother-of-pearl and coral.
14. Clocks and watches, other than chro-
nometers.
15. Fashion and fancy goods.
16. Feathers of all kinds, hairs ana
bristles.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
633
17. Articles of household furniture and dec-
oration: office furniture and requisites.
Art. 29. Likewise the following may not be
treated as contraband of war:
1. Articles serving exclusively to aid the
sick and wounded. They can, hpwever.
in case of urgent military necessity and
subject to the payment of compensa-
tion, be requisitioned, if their destina-
tion is that specified in article 30.
2. Articles intended for the use of the ves-
sel in which they are found, as well as
those intended for the use of her crew
and passengers during the voyage.
Art. 30. Absolute contraband is liable to
capture if it is shown to be destined to terri-
tory belonging- to or occupied by the enemy
or to the armed forces of the enemy. It is
immaterial whether the carriage of the goods
is direct or entails transshipment or a subse-
quent transport by land.
Art. 31. Proof of the destination specified in
article 30 is complete in the following cases:
1. When the goods are documented for
discharge in an enemy port, or for de-
livery to the armed forces of the enemy.
2. When the vessel is to call at enemy
ports only, or when she is to touch
at an enemy port or meet the armed
forces of the enemy before reaching the
neutral port for which the goods in
question are documented.
Art. 32. Where a vessel is carrying abso-
lute contraband her papers are conclusive proof
as to the voyage on which she is engaged,
unless she is found clearly out of the course
indicated by her papers and unable to give
adequate reasons to justify such deviation.
Art. 33. Conditional contraband is liable to
capture if it is shown to be destined for the
use of the armed forces or of a government
department of the enemy state, unless in this
latter case the circumstances show that the
goods cannot in fact be used for the purposes
of the war in progress. This latter excep-
tion does not apply to a consignment coming
under article 24 (4).
Art. 34. The destination referred to in arti-
cle 33 is presumed to exist if the goods are
consigned to enemy authorities, or to a con-
tractor established in the enemy country who,
as a matter of common knowledge, supplies
articles of this kind to the enemy. A similar
presumption arises if the gpods are consigned
to a fortified place belonging to the enemy.
or other place serving as a base for the armed
forces of the enemy. No svich presumption,
however, arises in the case of a merchant ves-
sel bound for territory belonging to ov occupied
sought to prove that she herself is contraband.
In cases where the above presumptions do
not arise the destination is presumed to be
innocent.
The presumptions set up by this article may
be rebutted.
Art. 35. Conditional contraband is not liable
to capture, except when found on board a ves-
sel bound for one of these places if it is
by the enemy, or for the armed forces of the
enemy, and when it is not to be discharged in
an intervening neutral port.
The ship's papers are conclusive proof both
as to the voyage on which the vessel is en-
gaged and as to the port of discharge of the
goods, unless she is found clearly out of the
cpurse indicated by her papers and unable to
give adequate reasons to justify such devi-
ation.
Art. 36. Notwithstanding the provisions of
article 35, conditional contraband, if shown to
have the destination referred to in article 33,
is liable to capture in cases where the enemy
country has no seaboard.
Art. 37. A vessel carrying goods liable to
capture as absolute or conditional contraband
may be captured on the high seas or in the
territorial waters of the belligerents through-
out the whole of her voyage, even if she is to
touch at a port of call before reaching the hos-
tile destination.
Art. 38. A vessel may not be captured on
the ground that she has carried contraband on
a previous occasion if such carriage is in point
of fact at an end.
Art. 39. Contraband goods are liable to con-
demnation.
Art. 40. A vessel carrying contraband may
be condemned il the contraband, reckoned
either by value, weight, volume or freight,
forms more than half the cargo.
Art. 41. If a vessel carrying contraband is
released, she may be condemned , to pay the
costs and expenses incurred by the captor in
respect of the proceedings in the national prize
court and the custody of the ship and cargo
during the proceedings.
Art. 42. Goods which belong to the owner
of the contraband and are on board the same
vessel are liable to condemnation.
Art. 43. If a vessel is encountered at sea
while unaware of the outbreak of hostilities or
of the declaration of contraband which applies
to her cargo, the contraband cannot be con-
demned except on payment of compensation:
the vessel herself and the remainder of the
cargo are not liable to condemnation or to the
costs and expenses referred to in article 41.
The same rule applies if the master, after be-
coming aware of the outbreak of Hostilities or
of the declaration of contraband, has had no
opportunity of discharging the contraband.
A vessel is deemed to be aware of the exist-
ence of a state of war, or of a declaration of
contraband, if she left a neutral port subse-
quently to the notification to the power to
which such port belongs of the outbreak of
hostilities or of the declaration of contraband
respectively, provided that such notification
was made in sufficient time. A vessel is also
deemed to be aware of the existence of a
state of war if she left an enemy port after
the outbreak of hostilities.
Art. 44. A vessel which has been stopped on
the ground that she is carrying contraband, and
which is not liable to condemnation on account
of the proportion of contraband on board, may,
when the circumstances permit, be allowed to
continue her voyage if the master is willing to
hand over the contraband to the belligerent
warship.
The delivery of the contraband must be en-
tered by the captor ort the logbook of the ves-
sel stopped, and the master must give the cap-
tor duly certified copies of all relevant papers.
The captor is at liberty to destroy the con-
traband that has been handed over to him un-
der, these conditions.
Chapter III. — Unneutral Service.
Art. 45. A neutral vessel will be condemned
and will, in a general way, receive the same
treatment as a neutral vessel liable to condem-
nation for. carriage of contraband:
1. If she is on a voyage specially under-
taken with a view to the transport of
individual passengers who are embodied
in the armed forces of the enemy, or
/ with a view to the transmission of in-
telligence in the interest of the enemy.
2. If. to the knowledge of either the own-
er, the charterer or the master, she is
transporting a military detachment of
the enemy, or one or more persons who.
in the course of the voyage, directly as-
sist the operations of the enemy.
In the cases specified under the above heads,
goods belonging to the owner of the vessel are
likewise liable to condemnation.
The provisions of the present article do
not apply if the vessel is encountered at
sea while unaware of the outbreak of hos-
tilities, or if the master, after becoming aware
of the outbreak of hostilities, has had
no opportunity of disembarking the passengers.
The vessel is deemed to be aware of the exist-
534
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ence of a state of war if she left an enemy
port subsequently to the outbreak of hostilities
or a neutral port subsequently to the notifica-
tion of the outbreak of hostilities to the pow-
er to which such port belongs, provided that
such notification was made in sufficient time.
Art. 46. A neutral vessel will be condemned
and. in a general way. receive the same treat-
ment as would be applicable to her if she were
an enemy merchant vessel:
1. If she takes -a direct part in the hostili-
ties:
2. If she is under the orders or control ol
an agent placed on board by the enemy
government :
3. If she is in the exclusive employment of
the enemy government:
4. If she is exclusively engaged at the time
either in the transport of enemy troops
or in the transmission of intelligence in
the interest of the enemy.
In the cases covered by the present article,
goods belonging to the owner of the vessel are
likewise liable to condemnation.
Art. 47. Any individual embodied in the
armed forces of the enemy who is found on
board a neutral merchant vessel may be made
a prisoner of war, even though there be no
ground for the capture of the vessel.
Chapter IV. — Destruction of Neutral Prizes.
Art. 48. A neutral vessel which has been
captured may not be destroyed by the captor;
she must be taken into such port as is proper
for the determination there of all questions
concerning the validity of the capture.
Art. 49. As an exception, a neutral vessel
Which has been captured by a belligerent war-
ship, and which would be liable to condemna-
tion, may be destroyed if the observance of
article 48 would involve danger to the safety
of the warship or to the success of the opera-
tions in which she is engaged at the time.
Art. 50. Before the vessel is destroyed all
persons on board must be placed in safety, and
all the ship's papers and other documents which
the parties interested consider relevant for the
purpose of deciding on the validity of the cap-
ture must be taken on board the warship.
Art. 51. A captor who has destroyed a neu-
tral vessel must, prior to any decision respect-
ing the validity of the prize, establish that he
only acted in the face of an exceptional neces-
sity of the nature contemplated in article 49.
If he fails to do this he must compensate the
parties interested and no examination shall be
made of the question whether the capture was
valid* or not.
Art. 52. If the capture of a neutral vessel
Is subsequently held to be invalid, though the
act of destruction has been held to have been
justifiable, the captor must pay compensation
to the parties interested, in place of the resti-
tution to which they would have been entitled.
Art. 53. If neutral goods not liable to con-
demnation have been destroyed with the vessel,
the owner of such goods is entitled to compen-
sation.
Art. 54. The captor has the right to demand
the handing over, or to proceed himself to the
destruction of. any goods liable to condemna-
tion found on board the vessel not herself
liable to condemnation, provided that the cir-
cumstances are such as would, under article
49, justify the destruction of a vessel herself
liable to condemnation. The captor ' must
enter the goods surrendered or destroyed in
the logbook of the vessel stopped, and must
obtain duly certified copies of all relevant
papers. When the goods have been handed
over or destroyed, and the formalities duly
carried out, the master must be allowed to
continue his voyage.
The provisions of articles 51 and 52 re-
specting the obligations of a captor who has
destroyed a neutral- vessel are applicable.
Chapter V. — Transfer to a Neutral Flag.
Art. 55. The transfer of an enemy vessel to
a neutral flag, effected before the outbreak of
hostilities, is valid, unless it is proved that
such transfer was made in order to evade the
consequences to which an enemy vessel, as
such, is exposed. There is, however, a pre-
sumption, if the bill of sale is not on board a
vessel which has lost her belligerent national-
ity less than sixty days before the outbreak of
hostilities, that the transfer is void. This pre-
sumption may be rebutted.
Where the transfer was effected more than
thirty days before the. outbreak of hostilities,
there is an absolute presumption that it is
valid if it is unconditional, complete and in
conformity with the laws of the countries con-
cerned, and if its effect is such that neither the
control of, nor the profits arising from the em-
ployment of, the vessel remain in the same
hands as before the transfer. If. however, the
vessel has lost her belligerent nationality less
than sixty days before the outbreak of hostill
ties and if the bill of sale is not on board, the
capture of the vessel gives no right to damages.
Art. 56. The transfer of an enemy vessel to
a neutral flag, effected after the outbreak of
hostilities, is void unless it is proved that such
transfer was not made in order to evade the
consequences to which an enemy vessel, as
such, is exposed.
There, however, is an absolute presumption
that a transfer is void: ,
1. If the transfer has been made during1 a
voyage or in a blockaded port.
2. If a right to repurchase or recover the
vessel is reserved to the vendor.
• 3. If the requirements of the municipal law
governing the right to fly the flag under
which the vessel is sailing have not
been fulfilled.
i
Chapter VI. — Enemy Character,
Art. 57. Subject to the provisions respecting
transfer to another flag, the neutral or enemy
character of a vessel is determined by the flag:
which she is entitled to fly.
The case where a neutral vessel is engaged in
a trade which is closed in time of peace re-
mains outside the scope of and is in no wise
affected by this rule.
Art. 58. The neutral or enemy character ol
goods found on board an enemy vessel is deter-
mined by the neutral or enemy character of the
owner.
Art. 59. In the absence of proof of the neu-
tral character of goods found on board an
enemy vessel they are presumed to be enemy
goods.
Art. 60. Enemy goods on board an enemy
vessel retain their enemy character until they
reach their destination, notwithstanding any
transfer effected after the outbreak of hostili-
ties while the goods are being forwarded.
If, however, prior to the capture, a former
neutral owner exercises, on the bankruptcy of
an existing enemy owner, a recognized legal
right to recover the goods, they regain their
neutral character.
Chapter VII.— Convoy.
Art. 61. Neutral vessels under national con-
voy are exempt from search. The commander
of a convoy gives, in writing, at the request of
the commander of a belligerent warship, all in-
formation as to the character of the vessels
and their cargoes which could be obtained by
search.
Art. 62. If the commander of the belligerent
warship has reason to suspect that the confi-
dence of the commander of the convoy has
been abused, he communicates his suspicions to
him. In such a case it is for the commander
of the convoy alone to investigate the matter.
He must record the result of such investiga-
tion in a report, of which a copy is handed to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
535
the officer of the warship. If. In the opinion
ot the commander of the convoy, the facts
shown in the report justify the capture of one
or more vessels, the protection of the convoy
must be withdrawn from such • vessels.
Chapter VIII.'— Resistance to Search.
Art. 63. Forcible resistance to the legitimate
exercise of the right of stoppage, search and
capture involves in all cases the condemnation
of the vessel. The cargo is liable to the same
treatment as the cargo of an enemy vessel.
Goods belonging to the master or owner of the
vessel are treated as enemy goods.
Chapter IX. — Compensation.,
Art. 64. If the capture of a vessel or of
goods is not upheld by the prize court, or if
the prize is released without any judgment be-
ing given, the parties interested have the right
to compensation, unless there were good rea-
sons for capturing the vessel or goods.
Final Provisions.
Art. 65. The provisions of the present dec-
laration must be treated as a whole and can-
not be separated.
Art. 66. The signatory powers undertake to
injure the mutual observance of the rules con-
tained in the present declaration in any war in
which all the belligerents are parties thereto.
They will therefore issue the necessary instruc-
tions to their authorities and to their armed
forces, and will take such measures as may be
required in order to insure that it will be ap-
plied by their courts, and more particularly by
their prize courts.
Art. 67. The present declaration shall be rat-
ified as soon as possible. (
The ratifications shall be deposited in London.
The first deposit of ratifications shall be re-
corded in a protocol signed by the representa-
tives of the powers taking part therein, and by
his Britannic majesty's principal secretary of
state for foreign affairs.
The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall
be made by means of a written notification ad-
dressed to the British government and accom-
panied by the instrument of ratification.
A duly certified copy of the protocol relating
to the first deposit of ratifications and of the
notifications mentioned in the preceding para-
graph as well as of the instruments of ratifica-
tion which accompany them, shall be immedi-
ately sent by the British government, through
the diplomatic channel, to the signatory pow-
ers. The said government shall, in the cases
contemplated in the preceding paragraph, in-
form them at the same time of the date on
which it received the notification.
Art. 68. The present declaration shall take
effect, in the case of the powers which were
parties to the first deposit of ratifications, sixty
days after the date of the protocol recording
such deposit, and, in the case of the powers
which shall ratify subsequently, sixty days
after the notification of their ratification shall
have been received by the British government.
Art. 69. In the event of one of the signa-
tory powers wishing to denounce the present
declaration, such denunciation can only be
made to take effect at the end of a period ol
twelve years begiuning sixty days after the
first deposit of ratifications, and, after that
time, at the end of successive periods of six
years, of which the first will begin at the end
of the period of twelve years.
Such denunciation must be notified in writ-
ing, at least one year in advance, to the Brit-
ish government, which shall inform all the
other powers.
It will only operate in respect ol the denounc-
ing power.
Art. 70. The powers represented at the Lon-
don naval conference attach particular impor-
tance to the general recognition of the rules
which they have adopted, and therefore express
the hope that the powers which were not rep.
resented there will accede to the present dec-
laration. They request the British government
to invite them to do so.
. A power which desires to accede shall notify
its intention in writing to the British govern-
ment and transmit simultaneously the act of
accession, which will be deposited in the ar-
chives of the said government.
Tho said government shall forthwith trans-
mit to all the other powers a duly certified
copy of the notification, together with the act
of accession, and communicate the date on
which such notification was received. The ac-
cession takes effect sixty days after such date.
In respect of all matters concerning this dec-
laration, acceding powers shall be .on the same
footing as the signatory powers.
Art. 71. The present declaration, which bears
the date of the 26th February. 1909, may be
signed in London up till t^e 30th June, 1909.
by the plenipotentiaries of the powers repre-
sented at the naval conference.
In faith whereof the plenipotentiaries have
signed the present declaration and have thereto
affixed their seals.
, ,S9.ne. at L9ndon. the 26th day of February,
1909. in a single original, which shall remain
deposited in the archives of the British govern-
ment, and of which duly certified copies shall
be sent through the diplomatic channel to the
powers rep_resented at the naval conference.
List of signatures appended to the declaration
of Feb. 26. 1909, UP to March 20. 1909 :
For Germany — Kriege.
For the United States of America— C. H.
Stockton. George Grafton Wilson.
For Austria-Hungary — C. Dumba.
For France— L. Renault.
For Great Britain — Desart.
For the Netherlands— J. A. Roell. L. H. Ruys-
senaers.
GOVERNMENT? TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE AND CABLE CONTROL.
Under a joint resolution of congress (see
page 390 this volume) President Wilson, on
July 22. 1918. issued the following proclama-
tion:
'•Whereas, 'the congress of the United States.
in the exercise of the constitutional authority
vested in them, by joint resolution of the sen-
ate and house of representatives, bearing1 date
July 16, 1918, resolved: [The president here
quotes the resolution in full and then pro-
ceeds] :
"And whereas it is deemed necessary for the
national security and defense to supervise and
to take possession and assume control of all
telegraph and telephone systems and to. oper-
ate the same in such manner as may be need-
ful or desirable:
"Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, presi-
dent of the United States, under and by virtue
of the powers vested in me by the foregoing
resolution, and by virtue of all other powers
thereto me enabling, do hereby take possession
and assume control and supervision of each
and every telegraph and telephone system, and
every part thereof, within the jurisdiction of
the United States, including all equipment
thereof and appurtenances thereto whatsoever
and all materials and supplies.
"It is hereby directed that the supervision,
possession, control and operation of such tele-
graph and telephone systems hereby by me
undertaken shall be exercised by and through
the postmaster-general, Albert S. Burleson.
Said postmaster-general may perform the du-
ties hereby and hereunder imposed upon him.
so long and to such extent and in such man-
ner as he shall determine, through the owners,
managers, boards of directors, receivers, offi-
cers and employes of said telegraph and tele-
phone systems.
"Until and except 89 far as said postmaster,
general shall from time to time by general
536
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
or special orders otherwise provide, the own-
ers, managers, boards of directors, receivers,
officers and employes of the various telegraph
and telephone systems shall continue the oper-
ation thereof in the usual and ordinary course
of the business of said systems, in the names
of their respective companies, associations, or-
ganizations, owners, or managers, as the case
may be.
"Regular dividends hitherto declared, and
maturing interest upon bonds, debentures, ana
other obligations may be paid in due course,
and such regular dividends and interest may
continue to be paid until and unless the said
postmaster-general shall, from time to time,
otherwise by general or special orders de-
termine, and. subject to the approval of said
postmaster-general, the various telegraph and
telephone systems may determine upon and
arrange for the renewal and extension of ma-
turing obligations.
"By subsequent order of said postmaster-
general supervision, possession. control 01-
operation may be relinquished in whole or in
part to the owners therr-of of any telegraph
or telephone system or any part thereof su-
pervision, possession, control, or operation or
which is hereby assumed or which may be
subsequently assumed in whole or in part
hereunder.
"From • and after 12 o'clock midnight on
the 31st day of July. 1918. all telegraph
and telephone systems included in this order
and proclamation shall conclusively be deemed
within the possession and control and under
the supervision of said postmaster-general with-
out further act or notice.
"In witness whereof J. -have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
"Done by the president, in the District of
Columbia, this 22d day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1918 and of the independence of
the United States the 143d.
"WOODROW WILSON.
"By the president:
"FRANK L. POLK.
"Acting Secretary of State."
COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT.
On July 23, 1918. Postmaster-General Bur-
leson issued the following order for the gov-
ernment control of the telegraph and tele-
phone systems covered by the .proclamation
of the president dated July 22. 1918.
"John C. Koons. first assistant postmaster-
general; David J. Lewis, commissioner. United
States tariff commission, and William H. La-
mar, solicitor for the postoffice department,
are hereby appointed a committee lor the goy?
ernmental management, operation and control
of the telegraph and telephone systems cov-
ered by the proclamation of the president
dated July 22, 1918, of which committee the
postmaster-general shall be chairman."
In announcing the appointment of this com-
mittee the postmaster-general stated that while
the committee would have charge of the gov-
ernmental management, operation, and control
of the telegraph and telephone systems, yet it
would • be necessary to divide the work to a
certain extent and th'at Mr. Koons and the
postmaster-general would have charge of the
administration and organization of the service,
Mr. Lewis and the postmaster-general of its
operation, and Mr. Lamar and the postmaster-
general of the finances.
FEDERAL CONTROL ASSUMED.
Postmaster-General Burleson issued the fol-
lowing statement Aug. 1. 1918:
"Pursuant to the proclamation of the presi-
dent of the United States, I have assumed pos-
session, control and supervision of the tele-
graph and telephone systems of the United
States. This proclamation has already been
published and the officers, operators, and em-
ployes of the various telegraph and telephone
companies are acauainted with its terms.
"Until further notice the telegraph and tele-
phone companies will continue operation in
the ordinary course of business through regu-
lar channels. Regular dividends heretofore de-
clared and maturing interest on bonds, deben-
tures, and other obligations may be paid in
due course and' the companies may renew or
extend their maturing obligations unless other-
wise ordered by the postmaster-general. All
officers, operators and employer of the tele-
graph and telephone companies will continue
in the performance of their present duties,
reporting to the same officers as heretofore
and on the same terms of employment. Should
any officer, operator, or employe desire to
leave the service he should give notice as
heretofore to the proper officer so that there
may be no interruption or impairment of the
service to the public.
"I earnestly request the loyal co-operation
of all officers, operators and employes, and the
public, in order that the service rendered shall
be not only maintained at a high standard,
but improved wherever possible. It is the pur-
pose to co-ordinate and unify these services
so that they may be operated as a national
system with due regard to the interests of
the public and the owners of the properties.
"No changes will be made until after the
most careful consideration of all the facts.
When deemed advisable to make changes an-
nouncement will be made."
CABLE LINES TAKEN OVER.
On Nov. 2, 1918. President Wilson issued
another proclamation, which, after quoting
the joint resolution of July 16, 1918 (see
page 390 this volume), continued:
"And whereas, it is deemed necessary for
the national security and defense to supervise
and to take possession and assume control of
all marine cable systems and to operate the
same in such manner as may be needful or
desirable :
"Now, therefore, I Woodrow Wilson, pres-
ident of the United States, under and by vir-
tue of the powers vested in me by the fore-
going resolution, and by virtue of all other
powers thereto me enabling, do hereby take
possession and assume control and supervision
of each and every marine cable system and
every part thereof owned or controlled and
operated by any company or companies or-
ganized and existing under the laws of the
United States, or any state thereof, including
all equipment thereof and appurtenances
thereto, whatsoever, and all materials and sup-
plies. It is hereby directed that the super-
vision, possession, control and operation ol
such marine cable systems hereby by me un-
dertaken shall be exercised by and through the
postmaster-general, Albert S. Burleson. Said
postmaster-general may perform the duties
hereby and hereunder imposed upon him, so
long and to such extent and in such manner
as he shall determine, through the owners,
managers, boards of directors, receivers, offi-
cers and employes of said marine cable sys-
tems.
"Until and except so far as said postmaster-
general shall from time to time by general or
special orders otherwise provide, the owners,
managers, boards of directors, receivers, offi-
cers and employes of the various marine cable
systems shall continue the operation thereof
in the usual and ordinary course of the busi-
ness of said systems, in the names of their
respective companies, associations, organiza-
tions, owners or managers as the case may be.
"Regular dividends hitherto declared and
maturing interest upon bonds, debentures
and other obligations may be paid in due
course and such regular dividends and interest
may continue to be paid until and unless the
said postmaster-general shall from time to
time otherwise by general or special orders de-
termine: and, subject to the approval of said
postmaster-general, the various marine cable
systems may determine upon and arrange for
the renewal and extension ol maturing obli-
gations.
"From and after 12 o'clock midnight on the
f.d dny of November. 1918. all marine cable
systems included in this order and proclama-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
537
tion shall conclusively be deemed within the
possession and control and under the
supervision of said postmaster-general with-
out further act or notice.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
"Done by the president in the District of
Columbia this 2d day of November., in the
year of our Lord 1918 and of the independ-
ence of the United States the 143d.
• WOODROW WILSON.
"By the president: ROBERT LANSING. Sec-
retary of State."
PLOTS AND ESPIONAGE CASES IN THE UNITED STATES.
VON RINTELEN CASE.
Franz von Rintelen, German naval officer
and a reputed member of the German war
staff, was found guilty with ten other de-
fendants in federal court in New York city.
Feb. 5, 1918, of conspiracy to destroy food
and munitions ships of the entente allies by
placing "fire bombs" in their cargoes.
Judge Howe immediately imposed the maxi-
mum penalty of eighteen months' imprison-
ment in the federal penitentiary at Atlanta
and a fine of $2,000 on each of the prisoners.*
"Pleas of, lack of proof, sickness, recent
marriage and ignorance of the laws of this
country," Judge Howe said, "will not influence
this court in imposing sentence. These men
have been found guilty by an impartial jury
of American citizens and the crime calls for
the severest penalty. I regret that it is not
more severe."
In instances where the defendants were
serving sentences under previous convictions
the new penalty was to take effect when
tlie term of the first punishment expired. This
applied to Von Rintelen, who was convicted in
1917 of conspiracy to cause strikes in muni-
tions plants and was given two years and BIX
months at Atlanta.
Among others convicted Feb. 5 were:
Capt. Otto Wolpert, former superintendent
of the Atlas lino pier, which was operated by
the Hamburg-American Steamship company.
Karl von Kleist. formerly a sea captain and
an American citizen: a partner of Dr. Walter
P. Scheele in the latter's chemical plant in Ho-
boken, N. J. Dr. Scheele was missing and Von
Kleist was said to have aided him in putting
combustibles into fire bombs.
Ernst Becker, an electrician on a German
Lloyd liner accused of having made the bombs
and carried them to the pier of the Atlas
line. He had served six months on a previous
conviction.
Frederick Wilhelm Karbade, assistant en-
gineer on the Friedrich der Grosse, who helped
in making the bombs.
Bonford Boniface, American citizen, accused
as accomplice.
Joseph Zeffert, American citizen, accused as
accomplice.
Indicted at the same time but not found
guilty were : Capt. Enno Bode, Dr. Karl Schim-
mel. Dr. Walter P. Scheele and Capt. Gustav
Steinberg.
GERMAN-HINDU PLOT.
In San Francisco, Cal.. Feb. 27, 1918. the
government made public intercepted German
diplomatic correspondence intended to^ show
how Germany by machinations carried a band
of so-called Hindu plotters into the private
audiences of ministers and statesmen and
financed lavishly their aims toward revolution
in British India. Secret papers introduced by
the government purported to show that Sir
Rabindra Nath Tagore. British knight and win-
ner of the Nobel prize for poetry, had en-
listed the interest of Counts Okuma and Terau-
chi. former premier and premier, respectively,
in the movement to establish an independent
governiLient in India.
The intercepted correspondence.
however.
was indefinite as to the connections between
the Japanese statesmen and the alleged Hindu
conspirators. The name of Wu Ting-fang,
former Chinese minister to the United States,
also was mentioned in the documents as pne
of the persons with whom Sir Rabindra Nath
had obtained a friendly interview.
The papers were all introduced by the gov-
ernment in closing its case against the thirty
defendants charged with fomenting a revolu-
tion against a friendly power.
An unsigned letter to R. Sachse, Rotterdam,
dated Jan. 31, 1916, said:
"Dr. Chakravarty will return to the United
States to lorm a new American committee,
which will include Ram Chandra and himself.
He has agreed to send an agent to the West
Indies, where there are 100,000 Indians, and
also to British Guinea, Java and Sumatra, and
to conduct secret propaganda in America."
Dr. Chakravarty and Ram Chandra were two
of the chief Hindu defendants.
A letter from New York under date of May
2. 1916, to H. Eisenhuth. Copenhagen, which
was unsigned, said:
"We have organized the Pan-Aaatic league,
but it will not be necessary to ouy the two
Japanese dailies, as they are agreeable to our
interests and they have decided to attack the
Anglo-Japanese treaty."
An unsigned letter from Rye, N. Y.. to
Eisenhuth in Copenhagen, said:
"Agents in India report the delivery of
arms. I have seen Ram Chandra and he is
willing to work in harmony with us."
A later telegram, dated Jan. 4, 1917, said
to have been sent by Zimmermann to Von
Berftstorff through Von Luxburg, told of the
actions of a secret Japanese agent who was
financed by the German government.
"The Japanese. Hideo Nakaq. is on his way
to America with important information." it
said. "He is to deal exclusively with Chakra-
varty. I advise giving Nakao up to $50,000
for the execution of his plan in America and
eastern ^Asia."
Wurder in Court*
On April 23 Ram Chandra, Htndtt pub-
licist and revolutionist, was shot dead in the
United States District court, where he was
on trial, by Ram Singh, a former employe
and fellow defendant. While Singh still pulled
the trigger of his automatic pistol he was
shot dead by United States Marshal James B.
Holohan. who fired from across the court-
room and over the heads of lawyers at their
tables. Belief that Ram Chandra had di-
verted to his own use proceeds from property
which Ram Singh 'had turned over to be used
for aiding revolutionary measures is said by
federal officials to have prompted the shoot-
ing.
Both men. with thirty others, were on trial
on charge of conspiring to foment revolution
in India. Ram Singh chose for his vengeance
the closing hours of a trial which started Nov.
20, 1917. and seethed with excitement and
animosity among the defendants to such an
extent that all were searched for weapons
daily when entering court.
Found Guilty and Sentenced.
On the following day twenty-nine persons.
Hindus, former German consular officers,
business men and others were found
guilty by a jury of conspiracy to violate the
neutrality of the United States through plots
to foment revolution against British rule in
India. Thirty were on trial and the only
verdict of "not guilty" was returned in the
case of John F. Craig, head of the Craig
shipbuilding yards. Long Beach, Cal.
Maximum sentences of two years' Imprison-
ment in a federal penitentiary and fines of
$10.000 each were imposed April 30 upon
Franz Bopp. former German consul-general
in San Francisco, and E. H. von Schack, for-
mer vice-consul.
Baron Wilhelm von Bricken, former mili-
tary attache at the San Francisco German
consulate-general, who pleaded guilty to the
conspiracy charges in the course of the trial.
538
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
was sentenced to two years' imprisonment, to
run concurrently with other sentences he was
serving- on previous convictions of violating1
the neutrality of the United States.
Sentences were imposed on twenty-five other
defendants. They included several Americans,
a number of former German naval officers and
German steamship officials, and fourteen Hin-
du students and revolutionists.
Guilt for the conspiracy was placed square-
ly on the German supreme command. Judge
Van Fleet characterized the Hindu conspir-
ators as mere cat's-paws of the "ruthless Prus-
sian military system," and told them that had
their revolution succeeded and they had been
placed under such a system they would have
spared no effort to escape it. The German
foreign office, embassy at Washington and
consulate at San Francisco were the nerve
centers of the world-wide plot to wrest India
from England. Judge Van Fleet said.
ROSE PASTOR STOKES CASE.
Mrs. Rose Pastor Stokes, socialist lecturer
and wife of Jhe wealthy J. G. Phelps Stokes
of New YoBt, was arraigned before Judge
A. S, Van Valkenburgh in Kansas City, Mo.,
April 23, 1918, and entered a plea of not
gruilty following' her indictment on three
counts for alleged violation of the espionage
act.
One of the causes cpntributing to the ar-
rest and subsequent indictment of Mrs. Stokes
was the publication of a letter over her sig-
nature sent by her to the Kansas City Star
in which she contended she had been mis-
quoted in an interview previously published
by that paper. The interview was obtained
when Mrs. Stokes was in Kansas City lor an
address before the Women's Dining- club. Fol-
lowing this she spoke in several southern Mis-
souri towns, until her arrest at Willow
Springs.
In her correction to the Star she said in
part:
"A heading in this evening's issue -of the
Star reads: 'Mrs. Stokes for Government and
Against War at the Same Time.' I am not
for the government. In the interview that
follows I am quoted as having said: 'I be-
lieve the government of the United States
should have the unqualified support of every
citizen in 'its war aims.'
"J made no such statement and I believe
in no such things. No government which
is for the profiteers can also be for the people,
and I am for the people, while the govern-
ment is lor the profiteers.
"I expect my working clajss point of view
to receive no sympathy from your paper, but
I do expect that the traditional courtesy of
publication by the newspapers of a signed
statement of correction, which even our most
bourbon papers grant, will be extended to this
statement by yours."
Mrs. Stokes was convicted by a jury in the
federal court May 23, upon all. three counts
in the indictment against her.
Mrs. Stokes received the jury's verdict with-
out the slightest trace of emotion. As she
was leaving the courtroom she declared to
those about her that she intended going on
with her work regardless of the outcome of
the case.
The government contended that her motive
in writing the communication was to spread
disloyal propaganda and interfere with the
prosecution of the war.
The limit to which criticism of the gov-
ernment may go in time of war and the line
between objectionable and unobjectionable
criticism was drawn by Judge Van Valken-
burgh in instructing the jury.
"Our armies and our navies." he declared
in discussing the signed statement by Mrs.
Stokes to the Kansas City Star, "can operate
and succeed only so far as they are supported
and maintained by the folks at home and the
measure of their success depends upon the
intensity of their maintenance and support.
"Any statement made knowingly and will-
fully and with intent to promote such inter
i ference with the operation and success of
these forces and to promote a correspond-
ing success of our enemies, if false, and
known to be false by the one who* makes
it, comes within the terms of this act of
congress.
"Anything which lowers the morale of our
forces, which serves to chill enthusiasm, ex-
tinguish confidence and retard co-pperatipn
may very well cause insubordination, dis-
loyalty or mutiny."
The prosecution of the case in nowise makes
invalid the constitutional rights of free speech
and free press, the court said.
"Neither the law nor this prosecution seeks
to interfere with the right of opinion nor with
the proper advocacy of principles within the
limitations of the law," he explained. "But
no valid law. as this is, may be violated un-
der guise and color of advocating principles.
"Honest criticism, made in the interest of
the government and intended to favor and for-
ward the policies to which it is committed,
is no offense, but words and acts hostile to
these policies and intended to paralyze and
defeat the efforts of the government do not
come within that category and cannot be per-
mitted."
On June 1 a sentence of ten years in the
Missouri penitentiary was imposed upon Mrs.
Stokes. Pending an appeal she was released
on a 810.000 bond.
Following her conviction Mra. Stokes asked
permission to read a statement, in which, sne
said:
"I assumed that 'it was my privilege to ap«
prove or criticize any of the war aims
brought forward. I have at all times recog-
nized the cause of our entrance into the war,
and I have at no time opposed the war. No
evidence has been produced to prove that I
have at any time opposed the war.
"Early this year newspapers were filled with
reports of the exceptionally' large profits se-
cured by what is generally known as 'war
profiteers.' and, rightly or wrongly, I hon-
estly feared their dominating influence over
the administration, and I am not free from
that apprehension at the present time.
''There are many things I have it in my
heart to say, but somehow I feel that time
and events will speak more eloquently for me
than I am, able to speak for myself."
SOCIALIST LEADERS INDICTED.
On March 9, 1918. it was made public that
five of the most prominent socialists in the
country had been indicted by a federal grand
jury in Chicago on Feb. 2. They were:
Victor L. Berger, Milwaukee, former con-
gressman and then candidate for the United
States senate from Wisconsin.
Adolph Germer. Chicago, national secretary
of the socialist party.
J. Louis Engdahl, Chicago, editor of the
American Socialist.
William F. Kruse. Chicago, of American Lib-
erty Defense league.
Trwin5 St. John Tucker. Chicago, of "peace
party" fame and author of "The Price We
Pay" and other antiwar literature.
The indictments date back to activities in
opposition to the draft and other alleged ef-
forts to defeat the policies of the government
in connection with the war. They were_ ac-
cused of disloyalty and obstructing recruiting
work and by public utterances and writings
to have interfered with the military plans of
the United States. It was made plain that
the men were not indicted as socialists or
because of their connection with the socialist
party. Each was indicted for individual acts
alleged to have been committed.
United States District Attorney Clyne gave
out a statement in which he said:
"The indictment sets forth that the speeches,
articles, pamphlets, pictures, etc.. were such
as persistently dwelt upon the evils and hor-
rors of the war without mentioning any con-
sideration in favor thereof and 'upon the
desirability and necessity of a.voidintr and stop-
ping said war and opposing the further
piosecution thereof at all costs and regard-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
539
less of the patriotic duty of said persons con-
stituting the military and naval forces of the
United States.'
"The indictment sets forth twenty-six overt
acts alleged to have been done in furtherance
of the unlawiul conspiracy.
"Among those are the printing and dis-
tributing of 'Proclamation of War Program
and other pamphlets, the printing of different
items in the American Socialist and the Mil-
waukee Leader."
The men under indictment had not been
brought to trial up to Dec. 1. 1918. At the
November election Berger was elected a mem-
ber of congress from a Milwaukee district.
GIVEN TWENTY YEARS IN PRISON.
In Oklahoma City. Okla., June 6. 1918.
Orville C. Enfield. socialist candidate for con-
gress against James V. McClintic. 7th con-
gressional district, was found guilty by a fed-
eral court jury on indictments charging con-
spiracy to obstruct the selective service law
and sentenced to twenty years in the federal
prison at Leavenworth.
EUGENE V. DEBS CONVICTED.
Eugene V. Debs, four times socialist candi-
date for the presidency of the United States.
was arrested in Cleveland. O.. June 20, 1918.
by United States Marshal Charles W. Lapp
and Deputy Marshal Charles Boehme as he
was about to deliver a socialist address. The
arrest was made on a federal warrant in
connection with Debs' speech at the socialist
state convention in Canton. O.. on June 16.
He was brought to trial and on Sept. 12 was
found guilty by a federal jury. Of the orig-
inal ten counts of the indictment only four
remained when the jury retired to consider
the evidence. He was found . guilty of at-
tempting to incite insubordination, disloyalty,
etc.. in the military and naval forces: at-
tempting to obstruct recruiting and uttering
language tending to incite, provoke and en-
courage resistance to the United States and
to promote the cause of the enemy. The
count on which he was adjudged innocent
charged that he opposed the cause of the
United States.
On Sept 14. Debs was sentenced to ten years
in the Moundsville (W. Va.) penitentiary on
each of three counts of the indictment by
Federal Judge D. C. Westenhaver. The sen-
tences will run concurrently. Motion for a
new trial was overruled and an exception on
behalf of the defendant was allowed. A mo-
tion for arrest of the sentence was aleoj over-
ruled. The court, admitted Debs to $10,000
bail, with permission to leave the northern
federal district of Ohio only to go to and re-
main at his home.
In imposing sentence Judge Westenhaver
said i
"I do not regard the idealism of the de-
fendant as expressed by himself as any higher,
purer, nobler than the idealism of thousands
of young men I have seen marching down the
streets of Cleveland to defend our country.
"I cannot accept the attitude of mind of
any one who claims any right to excuse any-
body from observing the laws of our land
for the protection and peace and safety while
thousands of young men are defending the
country against the common enemy.
"Any one who strikes the sword from the
hand of those young men or causes another
yonnar man to refuse to do his duty when
called to serve by their side, or any one who
obstructs the recruiting service, does just as
much injury and wrong to our country aa if
he were a soldier in the ranks of the German
army."
Following the motion for a new trial and
the court's refusal. Judge Westenhaver asked
Mr. Debs if he had anything to say; why sen-
tence should not be imposed upon him.
Mr. Debs spoke for thirty minutes. He
asked for no mercy and said he had no fault
to find with the conduct of the trial. He
stnted he hid devoted his life to the cause of
the downtrodden and is opposed to the form
of our present government and our social
system, and believes in a change in both by
peaceful and orderly means.
DR. KARL MUCK INTERNED.
Dr. Karl Muck, leader of the Boston Sym-
phony orchestra, was taken into custody as
an enemy alien at his residence in Boston,
Mass.. March 25, 1918. Representatives of
TJnited States District Attorney Thomas J.
Boynton and of Special Agent Judd Dewey of
the department of justice, as well as of the
city police, took part in the arrest. Dr. Muck
was not permitted to obtain bail. An agent
of the district attorney's office who was asked
whether any special evidence of pro-German
activity had been found replied that he was
not at liberty to say, adding that Dr. Muck
had been under surveillance for months.
The arrest of Dr. Muck was made so quietly
that none of his friends had an opportunity
to see him before he was whisked away to
a police cell. All callers who sought an in-
terview were told that, by orders from the
department of justice, he could not be seen
and that no statement would be permitted.
Dr. Muck is a citizen of Switzerland, al-
though he was born in Bavaria.
Dr. Muck and the Boston Symphony orches-
tra had been under criticism since this cpun-
tiy entered the war, at first because of failure
to play "The Star Spangled Banner" at con-
certs. Later the management announced that
the national anthem would be a feature of
every concert and this plan was carried out. >
Dr. Muck was loaned to the Boston Sym-
phony orchestra by Emperor William in 1912
and again in 1916.
On April 6 Dr. Muck was taken to Port
Oglcthorpe. Ga.. to be interned.
MUNITIONS PLANTS PLOT.
A. Mitchell Palmer, alien property custo-
dian, announced on Oct. 11. 1918, that he had
taken over 19,900 of the 20,000 shares of
capital stock of the Bridgeport Projectile
company of Bridgeport, Conn., and that this
concern had reported to him other property
of approximate value of $500,000 held by it
for and in behalf of Germany. In making
this announcement Mr. Palmer bared the ef-
forts of Count von Bernstorff, Dr. Albert, Dr.
Dcrnburg, Capt. von Papen and other German
propagandists to use the Bridgeport Projectile
company to prevent the manufacture and
shipment of arms and munitions to the allies.
The taking over of the stock of the Bridge-
port Projectile company and the report by the
company of the property owned by the .Ger-
man government, with the disclosures incident
thereto, followed many months of persistent
investigation by Francis P. Garvin. director
of the bureau of investigation of the alien
property custodian's office.
Mr. Garvin found that propaganda and
crime having failed to prevent the manufac-
ture and shipment of arms to our allies, the
German propagandists conceived the idea of
preventing the shipments by creating an
American corporation, apparently dominated
and controlled by loyal American citizens, os-
tensibly for the purpose of engaging in the
manufacture of munitions on an enormous
scale. The real purpose was to hamper ana
hinder, if not to prevent altogether, other
American manufacturers from making muni-
tions for what Germany then considered to
be the probable duration of the war.
It was planned to have this corporation buy
up all the available supplies of powder, anti-
mony, hydraulic presses and other supplie
and materials essential to the .manufacture
of munitions. The plan also involved the
negotiation of contracts with the allied gov-
ernments to supply them with materials pi
war, apparently in good faith but in reality
with no intention of fulfilling them. .
The ultimate expenditure of approximately
810.000.000 for this purpose was oont^rn-
plnted. It was thought that the object sought
was of sufficient importance to justify so
large an expenditure.
540
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Germany Furnished the Money.
Mr. Garvin found that the German govern-
ment had furnished the money with which the
Bridgeport Projectile company acquired its
land, erected its factory buildings, and fully
equipped the factories with machinery and
certain materials; that the company had made
a contract with the German agents not to sell
any munitions to any country with which
Germany was at war; that the company con-
tracted for the entire output of powder of the
JEin& Explosives Company (Inc.), of Jan. 1.
1916, for which approximately So, 000, 000 was
expended. These powder contracts were can-
celed and the funds advanced were returned
to Germany. The company was protected by
the guaranty of the Guaranty Trust company
that it would meet its drafts properly signed
to the extent of $5.000,000.
George W. Hoadley, an American citizen of
Bridgeport. Conn., caused the Bridgeport Pro-
jectile company to be incorporated under the
laws of the state of Connecticut in 191o. with,
an authorized capital stock of $2.000.000, di-
vided into 20.000 shares, each of the par
value of $100. Hoadley had no financial re-
sources, but all of this stock, except ten
qualifying directors' shares, was issued to him.
The funds were provided by the Deutsche
bank under negotiations conducted by Hugo
Schmidt and Dr. Albert.
On April 1. 1915. shortly after the incor-
poration of the company, Hoadley and one
George W. Clynes. an American citizen of
Temple. Tex., entered into a contract for the
ostensible manufacture of 2,000,000 shrapnel
cases at a price of $2.50 each. It was never
intended to manufacture all of these shells and
the contract was for the purpose of furnish-
ing: a plausible reason for the purchase by
the Bridgeport Projectile company, as pro-
vided in the agreement, of large quantities of
powder and other supplies needed for the
manufacture of complete shrapnel rounds, ana
especially to enable it to purchase or con-
tract for the entire output of hydraulic
presses, without which shells could not be
made, until Jan. 1. 1916.
Hoadley. in turn, assigned the contract to
the Bridgeport Projectile company, and this
assignment by him formed the sole consid-
eration of the issuance to him of the entire
capital stock of the company of the par value
of $2,000.000.
Allies to Get No Munitions.
Upon the full and faithful performance of
the contract of April 1. 1915, Hoadley was to
become the owner of the capital stock. One
of the conditions of the agreement was that
no arms or ammunition were to be manufac-
tured and shipped to France. England or
Russia, or to any person or corporation other
than to Germany or the United States, with-
out the written consent of the representatives
of Germany. UP to April 1. 1916. the com-
pany had only 20.000 shrapnel cases in the
course of manufacture.
Chemical Exchange Association.
Further disclosures of the efforts of Count
von Bernstorff. Dr. Albert and their fellow
propagandists to prevent the manufacture and
shipment of munitions to the allies were made
Oct. 19 by A. Mitchell Palmer. Mr. Palmer
revealed the workings of an organization
known as the Chemical Exchange association,
which was organized by Dr. Hugo Schweitzer
in 1915 to buy up all of the available car-
bolic acid in this country and prevent its
manufacture into picric acid, one of the most
necessary ingredients in the manufacture of
TNT and other high explosives. The
carbolic acid purchased by the Chemical Ex-
change association was converted into harm-
less pharmaceutical products, thereby eliminat-
ing any possibility of its use in the making
of picric acid. Large profits were made by
Dr. Schweitzer and his associates.
The story of the Chemical Exchange as-
sociation was unearthed by Francis P. Gar-
vin. director of the bureau of investigation,
in his investigation of the German owned
chemical companies in this country which had
recently been taken over by the alien prop-
erty custodian. He found that Dr. Albert,
in conjunction with Count von Bernstorff, ar-
ranged with Dr. Hugo Schweitzer, a natural-
ized American and a chemist of the Bayer
company, to prepare and carry out plans
which \yould prevent the shipment of car-
bolic acid to England. France and Italy by
converting it into salicylates. salol. formalde-
hyde and aspirin. This plan also provided
lor keeping away from American munition
manufacturers the supply of carbolic acid
available at that time, so that they would
be hampered and hindered in the manufacture
of high explosives for the allies.
. The Heyden chemical works of 135 Wil-
liam street, New York, and the Bayer com-
pany of 117 Hudson street. New York, were
the two chemical concerns through which Dr.
Schweitzer arranged to carry out his plans.
Both of these concerns are now (October.
1918) in the hands of the alien property
custodian and are being managed by 100 per
cent Americans. The Heyden company was
owned by the Chemiske Fabrik von Heyden,
Radeubul. Germany, and the Bayer company
was owned by Farbenfabrikenvormals Fried-
rich Bayer & Co. of Elberfeld. Germany.
Set Out to Corner Supply.
In 1915, when it became apparent that car-
bolic acid was a necessary ingredient in the
manufacture of high explosives, Thomas A.
Edison invented a synthetic carbolic acid, of
which the American Oil and Supply company
of Newark became the selling agent. .Com-
paratively little carbolic acid was purchasable
at that time. Dr. Schweitzer immediately set
out to control this supply, and on June 22.
1915. entered into a contract with the Amer-
ican Oil and Supply company whereby this
company agreed to ship 6.000 pounds of car-
bolic acid each working day from July 1, 1915.
to Dec. 31. 1915. and 4,000 pounds each
working day from Jan. 1 1916. to March 31,
1916, at a price of $1.06 2-3 per pound cash
from July 1 to Dec. 1, 1915. and $1 per pound
cash for all succeeding deliveries. This price
was nearly double the usual market price.
Dr. Schweitzer put up $100.000 in cash, which
was furnished by Dr. Albert, as security for
the faithful performance of this contract and
a $25.000 surety bond.
On June 30. 1915. Dr. Schweitzer entered
into a contract with the Heyden chemical
works, of which George Simon, a German sub-
ject, was the manager, whereby Schweitzer
agreed to deliver all of the carbolic acid re-
ceived from the American Oil and Supply
company to the Heyden works at Garneld.
N. J.. the Heyden company agreeing to in-
crease its facilities and convert the carbolic
acid into salicylic acid. Schweitzer was given
an option whereby he might have the carbolic
acid also converted into sodium salicylate,
methyl salicylate and salol.
To obviate doing business in his own name
Schweitzer organized what was called the
Chemical Exchange association on June 30.
the day on which he made his contract with
the Heyden chemical works. This association
was a copartnership, comprising Dr. Schweit-
of the concern. Muller. Schall & Co. of 45
William street. New York, were the sales
agents for Dr. Schweitzer.
Every effort was made by Schweitzer and
Kny to keep their contract secret and to pre-
vent the American people from knowing that
Dr. Albert and the German government were
behind this contract. No certificate of con-
ducting business, as provided for by law. was
filed in the county clerk's office until Feb.
9. 1916. a few days before the contract ex-
pired. In the meantime the American Oil
and Supply company delivered large quantities
of carbolic acid to the Heyden chemical
works, which were converted into harmless
pharmaceutical preparations and sold. The
net profit on this d"nl was $816.000. whifh
Richard Kny told Mr. Garvin was divided
equally between himself and Dr. Schweitzer.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
541
Kny also said that the Chemical Exchange as-
sociation kept no books or records. .
The investigation showed that on June ^o.
1915 (which is the day alter Schweitzer en-
tered into his contract with the American Oil
and Supply company). G. Amsinck & C<x. the
bankers, wrote Dr. Hemrich F. Albert. .46
Broadway. New York city, a letter stating
that they had received imperial German gov-
ernment certificates, due Jan. 1. 191b. as coi|
lateral, for which they placed at the disposal
of Dr. Albert a drawing account of $3.00.000.
G. Amsinck & Co.. acting upon the instruc-
tions of Dr. Albert, gave their check to Dr.
Hugo Schweitzer for S100.000 which they
charged to the account of Dr. Albert. This
was the $100.000 which Schweitzer posted
as a forfeit with the American Oil and Sup-
ply company, guaranteeing the fulfillment 01
his contract.
Papers Left by Schweitzer.
Dr. Schweitzer died in December. 1917.
Among his effects Mr. Garvm discovered the
fallowing statement, which shows how thor-
oughly he was in touch with tne carbolic acid
situation in this country at that time:
"Explanation of the attached agreements.
"The following firms are manufacturing
carbolic acid in the United States:
"The Semet-Solvay company, Rochester,
N. Y.
"The Du Pont de Nemours Powder com-
pany. Wilmington. Del. T
"Thomas A. Edison. (Inc.), Silver Lake.
N J
"Merck & Co., Rahway, N. J.
'The Semet-Solvay company and the Du
Pont people do not sell carbolic acid to any-
body, but convert it into picric acid and sell
it to the allies.
"Merck & Co. sell their carbolic acid for
pharmaceutical purposes exclusively and ex-
act an agreement from the buyers that the
product should not be used for manufacturing
explosives.
"Edison company has made an agreement
with brokers who were to furnish picric acid
to the allies. The carbolic acid which they,
purchased from Edison was to be converted
by powder manufacturers, among them the
Trojan company, into picric acid.
"It occurred to me that through my con-
nections with Mr. Hoffman of the American
Oil and Supply company I might be able to
divert the carbolic acid of Edison from these
brokers and thus prevent the conversion of
the same into picric acid. This would be so
much more important, as Edison is the only
one in the United States who for the next
three or four years has spot carbolic acid for
"As a matter of fact. I thus succeeded in
getting hold of 6,000 pounds of carbolic acid
per day. which is equivalent to 18,000 pounds
of picric acid per day. For the purchase of
this quantity I made agreement marked A
with the American Oil and Supply company.
"In view of the fact that, as stated above,
this carbolic acid was for at least three or
four months the only acid available in the
market, it would have been good policy to
buy the product, even at the high price paid,
which, however, is about 35 cents per pound
lower than the acid which our firm bought on
contract.
"I then conceived the idea of having this
carbolic acid converted into salicylic acid,
salicylate of soda, salol and artificial oil of
wintergreen. On these products there is an
embargo in all countries at war. The prices
are very high and the salicylic acid which is
made out of the above carbolic acid would,
in fact, for the next three or four months,
be the only free salicylic acid to be bought
without any restrictions. On account of the
high prices for these products there is a pos-
sibility of not losing- money in the venture:
in fact, profits might be made provided that
England's shipping blockade is maintained
and provided that the war does not end with-
in the time limit of the agreement."
In the latter part of 1910 Dr. Schweitzer and
Richard Kny gave a dinner at the Hotel As-
tor in honor of Dr. Albert and in celebration
of the success of the Chemical exchange.
Among those present besides Dr. Albert, Dr.
Schweitzer and Mr. Kny were George Simon.
F. A. Borgemeister, Norvin R. Lindheim and
Capt. Wolf von Igel of the German embassy.
The occasion was made happy by the pYes-
entation to Dr. Albert of a loving cup, the
contents of which were jokingly referred to
as carbolic acid. Dr. Albert in response to
the toast s.tated that he felt he had rendered
valuable aid to the German empire and had
saved many German lives by preventing the
allies from obtaining carbolic acid and by
converting it into harmless pharmaceutical
products.
Like the Bridgeport Projectile company, the
German propagandists fully believed that the
war would end in the latter part of 1915
and that Germany would be victorious. Con-
sequently they laid their plans accordingly.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REVELATIONS.
Confidential records of the department of
justice dealing with the activities of German
agents and others in the United States were
placed before the senate committee investi-
gating brewers' and German propaganda by A.
Bruce Bielaski. chief of the department's bu-
reau of investigation, Dec. 6, 1918. They
dealt with correspondence of Count von Bern-
storff. former German ambassador, and others
.concerning1 the possible purchase of the Wash-
ington Post and other newspapers: the sending
of William Bayard Hale to Germany as corre-
spondent of the Hearst newspapers, described
by Von Bernstorff as having- "outspokenly
placed themselves on the German side," and
with suggestions of fomenting trouble between
the United States and Japan as a means of
stopping- munitions shipments to the allies.
Mr. Bielaski told the committee that under
date of Oct. 17. 1914. Count von Bernstorff
sent this message from Washington to Dr.
Bernard Dernburg and Heinrich F. Albert,
German propaganda agents in New York:
"The Washington Post was offered me to
buy to-day for §3, 000. 000. with the under-
standing to buy it back again after the war
for $1.500.000. A second offer was to put
the paper entirely at our disposal for two
months for $100.000. The paper is of im-
portance as the only large newspaper of the
capital. How do you stand on the question
of the money? I have not yet inquired at
Berlin."
There was nothing to show that any reply
was made, but Mr. Bielaski said that under
date of Oct. 27. 1916. the German ambassa-
dor sent this message to the Berlin foreign of-
fice in cipher:
"In the official accounts for the first and
second Quarters of 1916 will be found "n tries
of payments to Theodore Lowe. As to
this I have to report that this gentleman is
of German origin, and is married to a German
lad.v. He offered us his services to work on a
paper in Washington, the National Courier.
"This offer came at the time we were doonly
reerettine- the death of John R. McLean. This
trentleman had given his newspaper an entire
anti-Enerlish character, so that his death left
a erreat gap which the National Courier can
unfortunately never hope to fill.
"The Washington Post has since then been
fairly neutral, but may be entirely lost to us
If it cannot, as is very much desired, be put
into the hands of Mr. Hearst."
Under date of Au<r. 2. 1916. Mr. Bielaski
said, another communication was sent to the
Berlin foreign office and was sierned by Dr. H.
K. Fuehr. a former German consular asr£nt in
the orient, who came to the United States
early in 1914 The message follows:
"The Washington Post, whose neutral atti-
tude toward the bellisrerents du.rine- the riros-
ent war has won for it warm recognition from
the German side, has of late materially
changed its tone in Questions of European pol-
itics and seems fairly on the way to Join our
enemies.
542
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
From reliable sources I learn that this
change of front is due to the Russian ambas-
sador in Washington. After the death of its
former owner. John R. McLean, the Washing-
ton Post, together with the Cincinnati En-
quirer, came into the hands of the son of the
first mentioned, on whom his aunt. Mme.
Bakhmetieff. ia said to have great influence.
"Mr. McLean. Jr.. inaugurated his ownership
by naming- as editorial director one Bill Spur-
geon. who is said to be a British subject and
a nephew of Robert Porter, one of the chief
leaders of the Northcliffe mm."
Another communication produced by Mr.
Bielaski and alleged to have been written by
Samuel Untermyer of New York to Albert in
February, 1916, dealt with the purchase of a
New York paper for $2.000,000. The rtame
of this paper was not mentioned in the com-
munication, but Mr. Bielaski said there were
indications that it was the New York Sun.
The letter said :
"I have received word that our opportunity
has now arrived to acquire that morning and
evening1 paper about which we have been talk-
ing- and that it can be had at a price slightly
under §2,000,000 for four-sixths of the cap-
ital stock, which includes valuable real es-
tate on Park row, but that action must be
taken immediately.
"I shall be glad to hear from you as to
whether you are now in position to take up
this subject seriously and promptly with me
and bring it to a conclusion, if, as I believe,
the terms are advantageous."
Hale in Germany's Pay.
Mr.
of
Bielaski also produced a copy
message relating to Dr. Hale's going to Ger-
many for the Hearst newspapers, which, he
said was sent by Von Bernstorff toJBerlin June
2. 1916, through Buenos Aires and Stockholm.
Dr. Hale, according to Bielaski, was paid by
the German government to visit Roumania
and if possible prevent entrance of that nation
into the war. Mr. Hearst. Mr. Bielaski said,
was ignorant of Hale's employment on the
latter mission.
Dr Hale the witness said, was on the Ger-
man embassy pay roll at $15,000 a year and
also received $300 a week as a writer for the
Hearst papers.
William Randolph Hearst, he said, did not
know that Dr. Hale was in the pay of the
German government.
Von Bernstorff' s message, which asked pref-
eiential treatment of Hale because he was
employed by the Hearst organs, follows:
"The man selected, W. B. Hale, has. been,
as your excellency knows, since the beginning
of the war a confidential agent of the embassy,
and as such has been bound by contract till
June 23, 1918. In making this arrangement
the main idea was that Hale would be the
most suitable man to start the reorganization
of the news service after peace on the right
lines.
"I request full confidence may be accorded
to Hale, who will bring with him a letter of
recommendation from me to Dr. Hammat.
Hearst is not aware that Hale is a German-
ophile journalist who has contributed leading
articles to papers."
Another message, dated June 5. 1916, said:
"Hale tells me, and Hearst confirms, that
the latter is rather hurt that on Wiegand's
account the World gets all the important Ber-
lin interviews. I recommend that under suit-
able circumstances Hale should, for obvious
reasons, be given preference, as Hearst organs
have during the course of war always placed
themselves outspokenly on our side."
Mr. Bielaski produced letters which, he said,
Dr. Hale wrote to Dr. Albert, advising him
how notes written by Secretary Bryan during
the Lusitania controversy should be answered.
He also testified that Hale was paid by the
German government to visit Roumania and. if
possible, prevent the entrance of that nation
into the war. He said Mr. Hearst was ig-
norant of Hale's employment on this mission.
Pro-German List.
Mr. Bielaski gave the committee a list of
names of prominent Americans which he said
contained names of practically all those who
were actively pro-German before the entrance
of the United States into the war. The list
which was labeled for the department of
justice files "Important List of Names," fol-
lows:
Prof. William R. Shepherd. Columbia uni-
versity; Prof. Hugo Muensterburg, Harvard
university; Prof. William M. Sloane. Colum-
bia university : Dr. Edmund von Mach, Cam-
bridge. Mass.; Dr. Auth von Briesen. New
York; Prof. John W. Burgess. Newport R I •
Prof. Eugene Smith, Columbia university;
Prof. H. C. Sanborn. Vanderbilt university;
Prof. J. G. MacDonald. University of Indi-
ana: Prof. Ferdinand Schevill. University of
Chicago: E. C. Richardson. Princeton univer-
sity; Prof. Kuno Francke. Harvard univer-
sity; Prof. George B. McClellan. Princeton
university; Prof. A. B. Faust. Cornell univer-
sity: Prof. Morris Jastrow. Jr.. University of
Wisconsin; D-1. Walter S. McNeill. Richmond;
Dr David Starr Jordan, Berkeley, Cal. ; Peter
S. Grosscup. United States federal judge, Hign-
land Park. 111.: Richard Bartholdt. St. Louis;
•Vof- Albert Bushnell Hart. Harvard univer-
sity: DrC. J. Hexamer. Philadelphia: Charles
Nagel. St. Louis; Oswald Garrison Villard.
New York Evening Post: William Randolph
Hearst New York American: Bernard Ridder.
New York Staats Zeitung; Edward A. Rumely,
New York Evening Mail; Frederick A. Schra-
der. 1493 Broadway, New York: Frank Har-
Ss- j3 Washington sauare. New York : Rob I
Ford. Freeman's Journal. New York; the Rev'.
Father Thirney. American Catholic Weekly,
New York- Max A. Hein. 230 Riverside drive.
New York: George S. Viereck. New York,
and Prof. William P. Trent. 137 West 58th
street. New York.
In addition, Mr. Bielaski said, there was
a list of about thirty names of persons to
whom German propaganda was mailed but
these men were not believed to be friendly
? Jt±e ^/T61"?!311 cause. The committee ex-
cluded this list from the record.
Among the American newspaper correspond-
ents to go to Germany in 1915, Mr. Bie-
laski said, was Edward L. Fox, a writer who
he said, had been employed by Dernburg.
On his return. Mr. Bielaski testified. Fox
presented a plan for stirring up trouble be-
tween the United States and Japan as the
means of stooping munition shipments and In
the hope that the United States would become
an ally of Germany.
Fox. said Mr. Bielaski. suggested the writing
of plays, scenarios and vaudeville sketches as
a part of his propaganda, and as an author
suggested Hiram Green, editor of the Illus-
trated Weekly. He also suggested that Green
be employed to write a series of articles in his
weekly on Japan. This plan also was dis-
cussed with Capt. von Papen, formerly at-
tached to the German embassy, the witness
said:
"The thing to do is to make the United
States an ally of Germany." said a letter de-
scribed by Mr. Bielaski as having been writ-
ten by Fox. "An examination of the files of
the Hearst newspapers shows Hearst's oppo-
sition to Japan. Hearst must not know that
this is fomenting. He will take it up soon
enough."
Fox suggested also. Mr. Bielaski said, that
to stir up trouble with the Japanese in San
Francisco would be a good means of making
the people believe that war with Japan was
impending.
Mr. Bielaski testified that a committee of
the German propaganda organization formed in
New York by Albert and Dernburg, and of
which Hale, George Sylvester Viereck, Edward
A. RumeLv and others were members, met fre-
quently.
He said notes of Dernburg made at a meet-
ing on Nov. 5. 1914. recorded that the Irish
question would be an important one in the
propaganda and that James K. McGuire. for-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
543
mer maypr of Syracuse. N. Y.. had undertaken
to organize a society to conduct propaganda
in favor oi Germany among the Irish.
The witness testified that McGuire received
$14. 000 from Albert for the work and for
pamphlets. He said McGuire worked among
religious organizations and that Dernburg's
notes showed McGuire had said most of the
Catholic publications would not publish anti-
German matter.
Organization of motion picture propaganda
by the German agents also was testified to
by Mr. Bielaski. He produced a letter from
Albert to Von Bernstorff asking that the Ger-
man ambassador at Mexico City be advised
that the showing of German motion pictures
in Mexico would be pushed by the American
Film corporation, organized by Dernburg,
Fuehr and others.
In this connection the correspondence indi-
cated that the corporation was having diffi-
culty in getting German commercial and "kul-
tur" pictures displayed and suggested the
building of theaters in fifteen cities into which,
"commercial and kultur pictures might be
smuggled."
From April. 1915. to three days before this
country entered the war. Dr. Albert paid $701,-
000 for the operation of the New York Eve-
ning Mail. Bielaski said. Title was held by
Dr. Edward A. Rumely. Over $150.000 of the
total, the witness asserted, was paid during
the three months before the United States de-
clared war.
It was through Rumely that $3,000 was paid
to Gaston B. Means, then employed by the
Burns Detective agency, in an endeavor to
show that the British were sending supplies
from this country to their warships at sea.
Great Britain was not doing that, but Ger-
many had been doing it, and he desired to
offset the accusation against Germany.
"Means also acted as a German agent in
affairs with Capt. Boy-Ed. I do not think
that Means was connected with the German
government after Boy-Ed sailed."
GERMANY'S SUBMARINE WARFARE.
Germany continued her policy of ruthless
submarine warfare almost up to the moment
when the armistice terms were signed on
Nov. 11, 1918. The same disregard for in-
ternational law and human rights was shown
as in the earlier years of the war. but with
diminishing success so far as tonnage of ship-
ping destroyed was concerned. This was due
to the increasing efficiency of the methpds
of attack adopted by the allied fleet, leading
to heavy losses among the underwater craft.
It was announced Nov. 29. 1918. that Ger-
many lost approximately 200 "U" boats in
the course of the war. Most of these were
destroyed or captured by the British, French
and Italian naval forces, but ten were sunk
or taken by American warships. Destroyers
accounted for two "U" boats, yachts for
three, submarines for one and submarine chas-
ers for four. Forty-six vessels were engaged
in fights in which it was known that sub-
marines were present. The American navy
places the total number oi fights in which it
.was reasonable to suppose that a submarine
was lurking near at 500.
FATE OF "U" BOAT COMMANDERS.
The British admiralty on Sept. 6, 1918, pub-
lished the following list of commanding offi-
cers of 150 German submarines which had
been accounted for up to that time:
Albrecht, Kurt (Kap.) Dead
Albrecht, Werner (Ober.) ....Dead
Amberger, Gustav (Kap.) P. W.
Amberger, Wilhelm (Ober.) Dead
Arnold, Alfred (Ober.) P. W.
Bachmann, Gunther (Ober.) Dead
Barten, Wilhelm (Ober.) Dead
Bauck, W. (Kap.) Dead
Bauer, Casar (Kap.) Dead
Bender. Waldemar* (Kap.)
Berekhelm, Egewolf, Freiherr von (Kap.) .Dead
Berger, Gerhardt (Kap.) Dead
Bernis, Kurt (Kap.) Dead
Branscheid, Albert (Ober.) Dead
Braun. Charles (Ober.) Dead
Breyer. Herbert (Ober.) P. W.
Buch, Gustav (Kap.) Dead
Degetau. Hans (Ober.) Dead
Dieckmann. Victor (Kap.) Dead
Ditfurth. Behno von (Ober.) Dead
Edling. Karl (Kap.) Dead
Ehrentraut. Otto (Ober.) Dead
Eltester, Max (Kap.) Dead
Feddersen. Adolf (Leut.) Dead
Fircks, Wilhelm. Freiherr von (Kap.) Dead
Fischer. Karl-Hanno (Leut.) Dead
Frohner. Eberhardt (Leut.).1. Dead
Furbringer, Gernardt (Knp.) P. W.
Furbringer, Werner (Kap.) P. W.
Galster. Hans (Ober.) Dead
Gebeschus. Rudolf (Kap.) Dead
Gercka. Hermann (K. Kap.) Dead
Gerlach, Helmut (Kap.) Dead
Gerth, Georg (Kap.) P W.
Glimpf, Hermann (Ober.) Dead
Graeff, Ernst (Kap.) p W,
Gregor, Fritz (Ober.) Dead
Gross, Karl (Ober.) Dead
Gunther. Paul (Ober.) Dead
Guntzel, Ludwig (Kap.) Dead
Gunzel, Erich (Kap.) Dead
Haag, Georg (Leut.) Dead
Hansen, Claus (Kap.) Dead
Hartman, Richard (Kap.)... ...Dead
Hecht. Erich (Ober.) ... ..Dead
Heinke, Curt (Ober.) Dead
Heller. Bruno (Ober.) Dead
Hennig, Heinrich von (Kap.) P. W.
Heydebreck, Karsten von (Ober.) Dead
Hirzel, Alfred (Ober.) Dead
Hoppe, Bruno (Kap.) Dead
Hufnagel, Hans (Kap.) Dead
Kesserlingk, Harald von (Ober.) Dead
Kiel. Wilhelm (Ober.) Dead
Kiesewetter. Wilhelm (Kap.) Int.
Klatt. Alfred (Ober.) Dead
Kolbe. Walther (Ober.) Dead
Konig, Georg (Kap.) Dead
Korsch, Hans Paul (Ober.) Dead
Kratzsch (Kap.) Dead
Krech, Gunther (Kap.) P. W.
Kreysern, Gunther (Ober.) Dead
Kroll. Karl (K. Kap.) Dead
Kustner. Heinrich (Ober.) Dead
Laf renz. Claus P. (Kap.) P. W.
Launburg, Otto (Ober.) P. W.
Lemmer, Johannes (Kap.) Dead
Leosius, Reinhold (Ober.) Dead
Lilienstern, Ruble von (Ober.) Dead
Lorenz, Helmut (Ober.) Int.
Lorenz, Hermann (Kap.) Dead
Lowe, Werner (Ober.) Dead
Luhe, Vicco von der (Ober.) P. W.
Menzel. Bernhard (Ober.) Dead
Metz, Arthur (Ober.) Dead
Metzger, Heinrich (Kap.) Int.
Mey, Karl (Ober.) Dead
Mildenstein. Christian (Ober.) Dead
Moecke, Fritz (Ober.) Dead
Mohrbutter, Ulrich (Ober.) P. W.
Moraht, Robert (Kap.) P. W.
Muhlau, Helmut (Kap.) P. W.
Muhle, Gerhardt (Kap.) .Dead
Mueller, Hans Albrecht (Ober.) *...Dead
Neumann, Friedrich (Ober.) P. W.
Niemer. Hans (Ober.) Int.
Niemeyer, Georg (Ober.) Dead
Nitzsche, Alfred (Ober.) Dead
Noodt, Erich (Ober.) P. W.
Petz, Willy (Kap.) Dead
Platsch. Erich (Ober.) Dead
Pohle. Richard (Kap.) Dead
Prinz, Athalwin (Kap.) Dead
Pustkuchen. Herbert (Ober.) Dead
Reichenbach, Gottfried (Ober.) Dead
544
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Reimarus, Georg (Ober.) Dead
Remy, Johannes (Kap.) ...Dead
Rohr, Walther (Kap.) Dead
Roseiiow, Ernst (Kap.) ; Dead
Rucker, Claus (Kap.) Dead
Rumpel, Walther (Kap.) Dead
Saltzwedel, Rudolf (Ober.) Dead
Sebelin, Erwin (Kap.) Dead
Seuffer, Rudolf (Kap.) Dead
Schmettow, Graf von (Kap.) Dead
Schmidt, Georg- (Kap.) Dead
Schmidt, Siegfried (Ober.) . . .Dead
Schmidt, Walther G. (Ober.) Int.
Schmitz, Max (Ober.) . . .Dead
Schmitz. Walther (Ober.) P.W.
Schneider, Rudolf t (Kap.) Dead
Schultz. Theodor (Ober.) Dead
Schurmann, Paul (Ober.) Dead
Schwartz, Ferdinand (Ober.) Dead
Schweinitz und Krain. Graf von (Kap.) .. .Dead
SchwiegrerJ (Kap.) Dead
Sittenfeld, Erich (Kap.X Dead
Smiths, Wilhelm (Ober.) P. W.
Soerg-el, Hans (Ober.) Daad
Sprengrer (Kap.) P. W.
Steckelbergr, Oscar (Ober.) Int.
f Stein zu Lausnitz, Freiherr von (Ober.) . .Dead
Steindorff. Ernst (Ober.) Dead
Stenzler, Heinrich (Ober.) Dead
Stosberg-, Arthur (Ober.) Dead
Stoss. Alfred (Kap.) .'....P. W.
Stoter, Karl (Ober.) Dead
Stuhr, Fritz (Kap.) Dead
Suchodoletz. Ferdinand von (Kap.) Dead
Tebbenjohanns, Kurt (Kap.)... P.W.
Trager, Friedrich (Ober.) Dead
Utke, Kurt (Ober.) P.W.
Valentiner, Hans (Ober.) Dead
Voigt, Ernest (Ober.) Dead
Wachendorff, Siegfried (Ober.) Dead
Wacker, Karl (Ober.) Dead
Wag-enf uhr, Pauli (Kap.) Dead
Walther, Franz (Ober.) Dead
Weddigen, Otto (Kap.) Dead
Weg-ener, Bernhard (Kap.) Dead
Weisbach, Erwin (Kap.) Dead
Weisbach, Raimund (Kap.) P. W.
Wendlandt, Hans H. (Ober.) P.W.
Wenninger, Ralph (Kap.) P.W.
Wigankow. Gunther (Ober.) Dead
Wilcke, Erich (Kap.) Dead
Wilhelms, Ernst (Kap.) Dead
Willich, Kurt (Kap.) Dead
Wutsdorff, Hans Oskar (Kap.) P. W.
Zerboni di Sposetti. Werner von (Kap.) .. .Dead
Note — In the foregoing list "Ober." signifies
oberleutnant (first lieutenant). "Kap.." kapl-
tanleutriant (captain lieutenant), "P. W."
prisoner of war and "Int." interned.
•This officer was not lost when his sub-
marine sank. He returned to Germany. tTor-
pedoed the SS. Arabic on Aug-. 19, 1915.
JTorpedoed the Lusitania on May 7, 1915.
His boat lost on the Danish coast in November,
1916, but Kap.-Lt. Schwieger survived to bring
disaster to another submarine, viz., U-38,
lost with all hands in September, 1917. §Sank
the Belgian Prince on July 31. 1917. and so
barbarously drowned forty of the crew, whom
he had ordered to line up on the submarine's
deck. The submarine (U-44) was sunk, with
all hands, a fortnight after.
TONNAGE SUNK BY SUBMARINES.
The following- table from British official
sources shows the gross tonnage of British
and foreign (non-British) vessels sunk by
enemy submarines, mines and by accidents
due to other causes, from August, 1*914, to
the close of September, 1918:
Year and quarter. British. Foreign.
1914— August & September 314.000 85,947
Fourth quarter 154.728 126,688
1915— First quarter 215,905 104,542
Second quarter 223,676 156 743
Third quarter 356.659 172.822
Fourth quarter 307,139 187,234
1916— First quarter 325.237 198,958
Second quarter 270,690 251,599
Third quarter 284,358 307,681
Fourth quarter 617,563 541,780
1917— First quarter 911,840 707,533
Second quarter 1.361,870 870,064
Third quarter 952.938 541,535
Fourth quarter 782.889 489.954
1918— First quarter 697,590 449,330
Second quarter 630,506 332,864
Third quarter 510.551 381.995
AMERICAN LOSSES.
The department of commerce announced
Nov. 21, 1918. that 145 American passeng-er
and merchant vessels of 354.449 tons and 775
lives had been lost through acts of the enemy
in the course of the period from the begin-
ning- of the war to the cessation of hostilities
Nov. 11, 1918. Nineteen vessels and sixty-
seven lives were lost through the use of tor-
pedoes, mines and gunfire prior to the en-
trance of the United States into the war.
SCANDINAVIAN LOSSES.
Following are the official fig-ures of the
losses sustained by the three Scandinavian
kingdoms from Germany's submarine warfare
in the world war: Norway, 831 ships with
a tonnag-e of 1,238,000. and 1,020 lives:
Sweden. 178 ships with a tonnage of 200,570,
and 248 lives: Denmark, 249 ships with a
tonnage of 253,622 (no loss of life reported).
RAIDS ON AMERICAN COAST.
German submarines made several raids along-
the Atlantic coast, but did not succeed in
torpedoing any troopships while outward
bound. Most of their victims were fishing
schooners and coastwise steamships. Their
names and the dates 'on which they were sunk
will be found in the appended list of merchant
ships torpedoed.
MERCHANT SHIPS TORPEDOED.
The following- list includes some of the more
important vessels torpedoed and sunk or other-
wise destroyed through the German submarine
warfare, especially in 1917 and 1918.
Alamance, American steamer, 3,000 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk off English coast Feb. 5,
1918: six lives lost.
Amazon, British steamer, 10,037 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk near Gibraltar; reported
March 20, 1918.
Andania, Cunard liner. 13,405 tons, torpedoed
and sunk off northern coast of Ireland, Jan.
27, 1918.
Antilles, American transport, torpedoed and
sunk off Spain. Oct. 17. 1918; seventy lives
lost.
Aragon, British transport, torpedoed and sunk
in the Mediterranean, Dec. 30, 1917; 610
lives lost.
Argonaut. American steamship, torpedoed and
sunk off Scilly islands June 5.
Armenia, American steamship, torpedoed Feb.
9. 1918: beached on British coast.
Arrino, British steamship, 4,484 tons: tor-
pedoed and sunk; reported March 4. 1918.
Atlantian, British steamship, 9.399 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk; reported June 28.
Atlantique, French steamship, 6,447 tons: tor-
pedoed in Mediterranean early in May, 1918.
but reached port; ten passengers killed.
Aurania, British steamship, 13,400 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk about Feb. 6. 1918; no
lives lost.
Ausonia, British transport, torpedoed and sunk
in Atlantic: reported June 11, 1918.
Australian, French steamer, torpedoed and sunk
in Mediterranean, July 14, 1918: twenty lives
lost.
Aztec. American steamer, torpedoed and sunk
off Brest. France, April 1, 1917; twenty-
eight lives lost.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
645
beg'ona No. 4, Uruguayan steamer, torpedoed
and sunk in Mediterranean; reported March
20. 1918.
Calgarian, British mercantile cruiser, torpedoed
and sunk March 1, 1918, off Irish coast;
forty-eight lives lost.
Californian. Hawaiian line steamship, sunk by
mine in European waters June 22. 1918; no
lives lost.
Carlisle Castle, British steamship, 4,325 tons,
torpedoed and sunk in English channel, Feb.
10, 1918: one life lost.
Carolina, American steamship, 5,093 tons, sunk
by submarine off Jersey coast June 2, 1918;
sixteen lives lost.
Celtic. British liner, 21,000 tons, torpedoed but
not sunk off Ireland, April 1. 1918; no lives
lost.
Chattahooche (formerly the Sachsen), Amer-
ican steamer, torpedoed and sunk off Eng-
lish coast; reported March 25, 1918.
Cheviot Range, British steamship, sunk by
submarine off Fastnet with loss of twenty-
five lives; reported May 30, 1918.
Chiller, Belgian steamship, 2,966 tons, sunk
by submarine in mid-Atlantic June 21, 1918.
Clan Matheson, British, 4,500 tons, sunk in
collision; reported May 25, 1918.
Conargo, Australian steamer, 4,312 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk in Irish sea, March 31.
1918: two of lifeboats sunk by gunfire.
Cork, British steamship, torpedoed and sunk
Jan. 28, 1918; twelve lives lost,
Covington (formerly Cincinnati), U. S; trans-
port, 16,339 tons, torpedoed and sunk in
war zone July 1. 1918: six lives lost.
Cubare, American steamer. 7,300 tons, sunk
by submarine. Aug. 15, 1918.
D. N. Luckenbach, American steamship, tor-
pedoed and sunk off France. Oct. 27, 1917;
five lives lost.
Djemnah, British transport, sunk by sub-
marine in the Mediterranean, July 14, 1918;
442 lives lost.
Dora, American steamship, torpedoed 400 miles
from France, Sept. 4, 1918; no lives lost.
Dora. Swedish steamer, sunk by submarine;
nine lives lost; reported June 14. 1918.
Drowe, French freight transport, and Kerbihan,
trawler, sunk by mines near Marseilles, Jan.
23, 1918; forty lives lost.
Ducadi Genova, Italian steamship, torpedoed
and sunk on Spanish coast: announced Feb.
9. 1918.
Dwlnsk, British transport leased to United
States, 8,173 tons, torpedoed and sunk 700
miles east of Delaware capes June 18, 1918;
sixty-seven men missing.
Edna, American schooner, 325 tons, sunk off
Cape May, N. J.. May 26. 1918.
Edward H. Cole, American schooner, 1,791
tons, sunk by bombs off Barnegat, N. J.,
June 2, 1918.
Edward R. Baird, American schooner. 279
tons, sunk by bombs, off Maryland coast,
June 4. 1918.
Eidsvold. Norwegian steamer, sunk by sub-
marine off Virginia capes, June 4, 1918.
Etonian, British steamship, 4,135 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk off Irish coast. March 23;
four lives lost.
Flandres, Belgian relief steamer, sunk by
mine, April 8. 1918.
Florence H.. American steamer, blown up by
internal explosion in a French port. April
17, 1918: forty-one lives lost.
Fridland, Swedish steamship, 4,960 tons, bom-
barded and torpedoed, Feb. 7, 1918, off coast
of Holland: six men killed.
Galway Castle, British steamer. 7,988 tons,
torpedoed and sunk in Atlantic, Sept. 12,
1918; 189 lives lost.
Giralda, Spanish steamer, pillaged and sunk
by German submarine, on Spanish coast,
Jan. "26. 1918.
Harpathian, British steamer, torpedoed and
sunk 100 miles east of Virginia capes, June
5, 1918.
Harry Luckenbach, American steamer, tor*
pedoed and sunk Jan. 7, 1918; nine lives
lost.
Hattie Dunn, American schooner. 436 tons.
sunk off Jersey coast, May 29, 1917.
Hauppauge, American schooner, 1,500 tons.
sunk off Barnegat, N. J., May 28, 1918.
Havna, Norwegian steamer, torpedoed and
sunk with loss of eleven lives; reported
March 6. 1918.
Healdton, American steamer, torpedoed and
sunk in North sea, April 1, 1917; twenty-
one lives lost.
Hendrik Lund, Nprwegian steamer, sunk by
submarine off Virginia coast, June 10, 1918.
Herbert L. Pratt, American tanker, 7,200 tons.
damaged by mine off coast of Delaware,
June 2, 1918: towed into port June 6, 1918.
Hirano Maru, Japanese steamship, 7,935 tons.
sunk by submarine off Ireland, Oct. 4, 1918.
Indien. Danish steamship, sunk by subma-
rine off the Azores March 31, 1918; twenty.
seven lives lost.
Innisfallen, British steamer, torpedoed and
sunk in British waters; eleven lives lost;
reported June 7, 1918.
Isabel B. Wiley, American schooner, 776 tons,
sunk by bombs off Barnegat, N. J.. 1918.
Jacob M. Haskell. American schooner, 1,778
tons, sunk by shell fire off Barnegat. N. J..
June 2, 1918.
Joseph Cudahy, American steamer, torpedoed
off English coast. Aug. 17, 1918; thirteen
lives lost.
Justicia, 32,234 tons, British: torpedoed and
sunk near Ireland, July 20, 1918; eleven
lives lost.
Kenmare. British steamer, torpedoed and sunk
off Irish coast with loss of twenty-one lives;
reported March 6, 1918.
Kringsjaa, Norwegian sailing ship, sunk by
submarine off Virginia coast; reported June
16, 1918.
LaDive, French steamer, 1,777 tons, torpedoed
and sunk in Mediterranean sea, Feb. 1, 1918:
110 lives lost.
Lake Edon. American steamer, torpedoed and
sunk in foreign waters, Aug. 21, 1918;
sixteen lives lost.
Lake Moor, American steamer, torpedoed and
sunk in European waters, April 11, 1918;
thirty-five lives lost.
Lake Owens, American steamer, 2,308 tons,
sunk by submarine in foreign waters Sept.
3. 1918: five lives lost.
Leasowe Castle. British transport, 9.737 tons,
sunk by submarine in Mediterranean, May
26. 1918: 101 lives lost.
Leinster. Irish mail boat, 2,646 tons, torpe-
doed and sunk in St. George's channel, Oct.
10. 1918: 480 lives lost.
Lewis Luckenbach. American steamer, tor-
pedoed and sunk in English channel, Oct.
16, 1917; eleven lives lost.
Llandovery Castle. British hospital ship,
11,423 tons, sunk by submarine, seventy
miles west of Fastnet, June 27, 1918; 234
lives lost.
Louvain, British boarding ship, torpedoed and
sunk in Mediterranean Jan. 21. 1918; 224
lives lost.
Lucia, American steamer, torpedoed and sunk
in Atlantic, Oct. 19, 1918; four lives lost.
Luz Blanca. American tank steamer, torpedoed
and sunk off Nova Scotia, Aug. 5, 1918.
Marmora. British cruiser, 10.500 tons, sunk
by submarine. July 23, 1918; ten lives lost.
Mechanician, British armed escort steamer,
torpedoed Jan. 20. 1918: thirteen lives lost.
Medora, Canadian Pacific steamship, sunk by
submarine near British coast; reported June
26. 19"18.
Ministre de Smet de Naeyer. Belgian relief
ship, sunk in North sea, Aug. 6, 1918;
twelve lives lost.
Missanabie. British steamer, 12.469 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk in European waters Sept.
9. 1918.
546
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Moldavia, British troopship, 9,500 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk May 23, 1918; fifty-three
lives lost.
Monitor, American sailing1 vessel, torpedoed
and sunk off Canary islands; reported Jan.
17, 1918.
Montanan, American steamer, 6,659 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk in foreign waters, Aug.
16. 1918; five lives lost.
Motano, American steamer, torpedoed and
sunk in British channel. July 31. 1917;
twenty-four lives lost.
Mount Vernon, U. S. transport, torpedoed but
not sunk, July 25, 1918; thirty-five lives
lost.
Neches. 7,175 tons, American steamer, sunk
by submarine May 15, 1918; no lives lost.
Neguri, Spanish steamer, torpedoed and sunk,
about Feb. 26, 1918.
Onega, American steamship, sunk off Eng-
lish coast Aug. 31. 1918; twenty-six lives
lost.
Oronsa, British steamship, 5,436 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk in British waters April 28.
1918; three lives lost.
Otranto, British transport, sunk in collision
off Scottish coast. Oct. 6. 1918; 431 lives
lost.
Owasco. American steamer, formerly the Alle-
mannia, sunk by submarine early in Decem-
ber, 1917; two lives lost.
Patria, British mercantile cruiser, torpedoed
and sunk, June 13, 1918; sixteen lives lost.
Persic, British liner, 12,042 tons, torpedoed
200 miles from British coast, Sept. 6, 1918;
vessel beached; no lives lost.
Philadelphian, British steamship, 5,120 tons,
torpedoed and sunk about Feb. 21, 1918.
Pinar del Rio, American steamer, 2,504 tons,
sunk by submarine off coast of Maryland
June 8, 1918.
Pomeranian, Canadian Pacific steamship, sunk
by submarine on coast off British isles: re-
ported June 26, 1918.
President Lincoln, American transport. 18,500
tons, torpedoed and sunk in Atlantic. May
31, 1918: twenty-six lives lost.
Rewa, British hospital ship, torpedoed Jan. 4.
1918; three lives lost.
Saetia, American steamship, sunk by mine off
Maryland coast, Nov. 19, 1918.
Salaminia. Greek steamer, sunk in Irish sea
by gunfire, March 31, 1918.
Samoa. Norwegian bark, sunk by submarine,
off Virginia capes. June 14. 1918.
Samuel C. Mengel, American schooner, sunk
175 miles off New York, June 2. 1918.
Santa Anna. French steamer, 9.350 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk May 10, 1918, in Mediter-
ranean; 638 lives lost.
Santa Maria, American tank steamer, 8.300
tons, torpedoed and sunk off Irish coast;
reported Feb. 27. 1918.
Sebastian, Spanish steamship, 4,500 tons, tor-
pedoed and sunk; announced Feb. 9, 1918.
Statendan (see Justicia).
Texel. American steamer, 3,210 gross tons,
torpedoed and sunk off Jersey coast, June
2. 1918.
Tiberia, British steamer. 4,880 tons, torpedoed
and sunk Feb. 27. 1918.
Ticonderoga, American steamship, torpedoed
and sunk in mid-Atlantic Sept. 30. 1918;
113 lives lost.
Tuscania. British transport, 14,348 tons, car-
rying American troops, torpedoed and sunk
off north coast of Ireland Feb. 5, 1918;
213 lives lost.
Tyler, American steamship. 3,928 tons: tor-
pedoed and sunk off French coast May 3,
1918: eleven lives lost.
Vacuum. American steamer, torpedoed and
sunk off Irish coast April 28, 1917; twenty-
one lives lost.
Valeria, British steamship. 5.865 tons, sunk in
Irish sea; reported April 5.
Vigilancia. American freight steamer, torpe-
doed off Irish coast. May 16. 1917; fif-
teen lives lost.
Vindeggen. Norwegian steamer, sunk by sub-
marine off the Virginia capes June 10, 1918.
Vinland, Norwegian, sunk by German sub-
marine off the Virginia capes June 5. 1918.
Warilda, British hospital ship, torpedoed and
sunk near English coast, Aug. 3, 1918; 123
lives lost.
Wegadeck, Norwegian steamer, 4.271 tons,
sunk by submarine in North sea; reported
March 20, 1918.
West Bridge, American steamer, 8,800 tons,
-sunk by submarine in foreign waters, Aug.
16, 1918: three lives lost.
Westover, American supply ship, torpedoed
r.nd sunk July 11, 1918, in war zone; ten
lives lost.
William Rockefeller, American tanker, tor-
pedoed and sunk May 18, 1918; three lives
lost.
Winneconne, American steamship. 1.869 tons
gross, torpedoed and sunk off Cape May.
N. J., May 26, 1918.
Zaanland, 8.700 tons, Dutch steamship, sunk
in collision May 13, 1918; no lives lost.
TOTAL MERCHANT TONNAGE LOST.
It was officially announced in London, Dec.
5, 1918, that the world's total loss of mer-
chant tonnage from the outbreak of the war
to the end of October, 1918, from enemy ae-
tion and marine risk was 15,053,786 gross
tons. During the same period vessels totaling
10,849,527 tons were constructed and enemy
tonnage totaling 2,392,675 was captured, mak-
ing a net loss of tonnage during the war of
1,811.584.
During the war 2,475 British ships were
sunk with their crews and 3,147 vessels were
sunk and their crews left adrift, according
to a statement by Sir Eric Geddes, first lord
of the admiralty.
LOSS OF THE TRANSPORT TUSCANIA.
The Anchor liner Tuscania, 14,384 tons, was
torpedoed on the north coast of Ireland about
6 o'clock on the evening of Feb. 5. 1918,
while carrying American troops for service in
France. Though the vessel remained afloat
two hours after being hit there was consider-
able loss of life owing to a heavy list, which
made the launching of lifeboats a difficult and
dangerous task. A number of those on board
were killed by the explosion of the torpedo,
some were badly wounded and went down with
the ship, while others were drowned or died
from shock and exposure. The total number
of deaths was placed at 213. Of these tttree
officers and 137 men were identified and
buried, one officer and thirty-one men were
buried without being identified, while forty-
one men were missing, having probably gone
down with the ship.
The Tuscania carried 2,177 military passen-
gers, two civilian passengers and a crew of
239, making the total number of persons on
board 2,418. The military passengers con-
sisted of 117 officers and 2,060 men, repre-
senting the following units:
Headquarters detachment and companies D.
E and F, 20th engineers.
One hundred and seventh engineer train.
One hundred and seventh military police.
One hundred and seventh supply train.
One hundredth aero squadron.
One hundred and fifty-eighth aero squadron.
Two hundred and thirteenth aero squadron.
Replacement detachments Nos. 1 and 2. 32d
division.
Fifty-one casual officers.
While many of the men aboard were national
guardsmen from Wisconsin and Michigan, there
were a considerable number from other states.
The Tuscania was accompanied by other trans-
norts being- convoyed by warships and had
been in sight of the north coast of Ireland be-
fore the attack came. The vessels in the
convoy, in obedience to instructions, hastened
from the spot, but boats from the warships
and patrol vessels, which soon came up, picked
up the Tuscania survivors from the lifeboats,
rafts and wreckage. The survivors were taken
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
547
to Buncrana, Lame. Belfast and Londonderry.
Ireland, and Islay and Glasgow. Scotland. They
were given every assistance and comfort by the
local authorities, the representatives of the
Shipwrecked Mariners' society, the Red Cross
and British naval and military men. Many of
them were taken care ol by the hospitals in
Londonderry.
The bodies of most of those drowned were
washed ashore on the Scotch coast, at widely
separated points. In nearly all cases the men
wore lifebelts, but these had been of no avail
in the rough and icy water or among the
rpcks near the shore, and all the men not
picked up by the boats near the scene of the
disaster died. They were buried on the coast
near the places where most of the bodies
were recovered from the sea.
CUNARD LINERS LOST.
The following list of large steamships lost
by the Cunard company and its auxiliary, the
Ancnor line, was made public Nov. 23, 1918:
Cunard line — Lusitania. 30.396: Franconia,
18,150: Laconia, 18,099; Transylvania, 14.500;
Ivernia, 14,278; Carpathia. 13,603; Alaunia,
13,405; Andria, 13,405: Aurania. 13.926;
Campania. 12,950: Royal Edward. 11,174;
Ultonia, 10,402; Ascania. 9,121; Ausonia.
8,153; Feltria. 5.254.
Anchor line— Tuscania. 14,384; Cameronia,
10,963; Caledonia. 9.223; Athenia, 8.668;
California. 8.662: Tiberia. 4,880; Perugia.
4,376; Assyria. 4,376.
The total tonnage ol the fifteen Cunard
liners was 206,769. All were torpedoed or
mined except the Campania and Ascania, which
were lost through accidents. The Anchor line
tonnage lost was 65,532.
LOSS OF THE PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
The President Lincoln, an Atlantic liner of
18.500 tons used as a transport by the Amer-
ican government, was torpedoed and sunk
while returning1 from Europe May 31. 1918.
with a loss of three officers and twenty-six en-
listed men. All of the other passengers, in-
cluding a number of hospital patients, were
saved. The vessel was struck at 10:40
o'clock in the morning and sank an hour
later.
SINKING OP THE MOLDAVIA.
The British transport Moldavia of 9,500
tons was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic
May 23, 1918. with a loss of fifty-three lives.
The men killed were American soldiers sleep-
ing in the lower part ol the ship, which was
Etruck just forward of the engines on the port
side. It was a moonlight night and al-
though a good lookout was kept the attack-
ing submarine was not sighted before the
torpedo struck. Most of the men aboard were
in their hammocks when the- explosion oc-
curred amidships. The sailors and soldiers
alike showed no panic. They fell calmly into
line and awaited orders. When It was seen
that the Moldavia wns settling- down manv on
beard were taken off by the escorting- ships.
The men lost all ol their belongings, but were
supplied with new clothing at the different
naval ports where they were taken.
LOSS OF THE U. S. S. TAMPA.
While engaged in convoy work the U. S. S.
Tampa was torpedoed and sunk in the Bristol
channel off the English coast on the night ol
Sept. 26. 1918. with the loss ol all the offi-
cers and men on board, numbering 118. The
Tampa lor some reason had gone ahead ol
the convoy and about 8:45 p. m. the shock
ol an explosion was felt. The vessels which
conducted the search in the vicinity lound
large Quantities of wreckage and one ol the
Tampa's lile belts. Two dead bodies in naval
uniform, but otherwise unidentified, were
lound. The U. S. S. Tampa was a lormer
coast guard cutter and was in command ol
Capt. C. Satterlee of the coast guard. Her
complement consisted of ten officers and 102
pnlisted men and she had on board also one
British army officer and five civilian em-
ployee.
LOSS OF THE U. S. S. SAN DIEGO.
The U. S. S. San Diego while on its way
from Portsmouth. N. H., to New York was
sunk by an exterior explosion at 11 a. m
July 19, 1918. with the loss of six men. A
court of inquiry subsequently reported that
the loss of the ship was due to its striking-
a mine, which had been placed by a German
submarine some time before. No blame waa
attached to the officers in command.
LOSS OF THE OTRANTO.
The British transport Otranto was sunk oft
the coast of Scotland Oct. 6. 1918. with a
loss of 431 lives. 366 of the dead beinr
American soldiers on their way to France
The British adniiialty statement published oa
Oct. 12 gave the lollowing details:
"At 11 o'clock on Sunday the armed mer-
cantile cruiser Otranto. Acting Captain Ernest
Davidson in command, was in collision with
the steamship Kashmir. Both vessels were-
carrying United States troops. The weather
was very bad and the ships drifted apart and'
soon lost sight of each other. The torpedo
boat destroyer Mounsey was called by wire-
less and by skillful handling succeeded in
taking off twenty-seven officers and 239 men
of the crew and 300 United States soldiers and
thirty French sailors. They were landed at
a north Irish port.
"The Otranto drifted ashore on the island
of Islay. It became a total wreck. Sixteen
survivors were picked up at Islay. The Kash-
mir reached a Scottish port and landed its
troops without casualties.
LOSS OF THE U. S. S. TICONDEROGA.
The U. S. S. Ticonderoga was sunk by a sub-
marine Sept. 30 almost in midocean, 1,700
miles from shore, while east bound. Eleven.
naval officers and 102 enlisted men of the navy
were lost. The attack occurred at 5 :20 a. m.
The weather was fair, but overcast, the sea
moderate. The Ticonderoga was ten or fll-
tecn miles behind the convoy, having been
unable to keep up. Chiel Quartermaster-
George S. Tapply. who later reported the sink-
ing to the navy department in Washington,
ssid he was in his bunk when general alarm
sounded at 5 :20 a. m.. and when he reached
the bridge it was all afire. At this time the
whistle mew for "abandon ship " and he
helped the paymaster bring aft the captain,
who was badly wounded. He helped lower the
forward boat on the port side and two alter
boats. The wireless had been carried away,
so no messages could be sent out. The guns
were firing all this time. When the subma-
rine was sighted it was about 2,000 yards off
the port bow. The "U" boat's first two shots
hit the bridge, setting it afire, and its third
shot carried away one ol the Ticonderoga's.
guns.
The submarine submerged lor twenty min-
utes and reappeared about two miles off the
starboard quarter, when it started to shell
the vessel with shrapnel. It next fired a tor-
pedo, which struck amidships, bursting the-
steam pipes. The ship then started to settle.
The German marksmanship was effective and
most of the lifeboats were full of holes from
shrapnel. At about 7:15 the captain, with
fourteen soldiers, was put in the last boat on
the vessel and the boat was lowered away.
That was the only boat to get clear. At that
time there were thirty-five or forty men still
left alive in the ship and the 6-inch gun had
been disabled by shell fire. The vessel could
not be steered. By order of the executive
officer a white blanket was tied to the after-
mast near the topmast, but the submarine
continued to fire.
A raft was launched and some fifteen men
boarded it. It was then about 7:30 and a
f^w minutes later the ship sank stern first.
The submarine fired two shots at the only open-
boat left and then went alongside the lifeboat,
the officers inquiring for the captain and offi-
cers. Not finding the captain, they took aboard
two seamen. The submarine then picked up the
548
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
executive officer from the wreckage and went
along-side the raft, taking off the first assist-
ant engineer and returning1 the two seamen
to the raft. The men on the raft asked for
medical assistance, but the submarine ignored
the request and cut the raft adrift. The Ufe-
boat drifted near the raft and five men frpm
the raft were transferred to the boat with
the idea of tying a line to the raft, but this
could not be done and the wind prevented
the boat's getting back to the raft. There were
twenty-two men in the boat and they sailed
and drifted for lour days, being picked up
about 2 p. m. on the fourth day by the
steamship Moorish Prince.
ATTACK ON TRANSPORT MOUNT VEENON.
The TJ. S. S. Mount Vernon was struck
by a torpedo on Thursday. Sept. 5. while on
a west bound voyage about 200 miles from
the coast oi France, but was able to re-
turn to port under her own steam. The tor-
pedo struck the ship on the starboard side.
flooding1 four firerooms and doing other dam-
age. Thirty-five men were killed by the ex-
plosion. Senator James Hamilton Lewis of
Illinois was among the passengers who were
safely landed. The Mount Vernon was
formerly the German steamship Kronprmzes-
sin Cecilie, which was interned in American
waters, and when this country entered the
•war was taken over by the government and
converted into a troop transport. She has
a gross tonnage of 18,372. The Mount Ver-
non was commanded by Capt. Douglas F.
Dismukes. The vessel had landed the troops
she carried overseas and was returning when
torpedoed. The loss of so many lives was
due to the fact that the watch was being re-
lieved and there were many more men thac
usual in the firerooms.
LAST AMERICAN SHIP TORPEDOED.
The last American vessel reported torpedoed
by an enemy submarine was the steamship
Lucia, sunk Oct. 18. it having remained afloat
for twenty-two hours after being struck by the
torpedo. At 5:30 p. m.. Oct. 17. 1918, the
commander sighted a white wake about 100
yards off port beam. The explosion occurred
simultaneously with the sight of this wake,
the torpedo striking the boat amidships on
the port side, entering the engine room and
killing four men. A short while after the
explosion it was thought advisable to have
the civilian crew abandon ship. One boat,
with carrying- capacity of twenty-two men,
had been broken by the explosion, s^ that
the remaining eighteen men (four having been
killed by the explosion) were allotted to the
remaining five boats and one life raft. They
remained near the ship until the following-
morning, when, seeing that th- enemy sub-
marine had not appeared, they were called
alongside and given food.
At intervals during the aght th moon was
hidden behind the clouds. During the entire
night the ship wa- in sinking condition,
with the after gun platform just clear of
the water, as the explosion of the torpedo
had carried a~vay the bulkhead between the
ongme room and the adjoining compartment.
About noon on the 18th the water ^tarted
forcing its way forward to the bow compart-
ments. The ship was just about to sink when
the U. S. S. Fairfax appeared and rescued
all of the passengers and crew without the
loss of a life.
SHIPBUILDING RECORDS BROKEN.
When the German submarine campaign was
at its height the situation of the allies was
becoming critical in the matter of ability to
transport supplies and men to the allied coun-
tries from the United States. It was seen that
•unless the enemy submarines could be de-
stroyed faster than they could be built and
new ships built more rapidly than they could
be destroyed disaster would be sure to en-
sue. Thanks to the allied navies and to the
shipbuilders in the United States and the unit-
ed kingdom both aims were attained. The
manner in which the navies accounted for
about 200 of the undersea boats is told on
another page. It remains to give some facts
indicating the success of the shipbuilders, es-
pecially of those in America. This may best
be done by quoting from a statement made
by the United States shipping board and pub-
lished Sept. 24, and also from a statement
issued on Nov. 9, 1918. In the first state-
ment the board said:
Within the jurisdiction of the United States
shipping board at the present time [Sept.
1, 1918] there are 2,185 seagoing vessels,
totaling 9.511.915 dead weight tons. Of these
1,294, totaling 6,596,405 dead weight tons, fly
the American flag. Under charter to the ship-
ping board and to American citizens there are
891 foreign vessels, totaling 2,915.510 dead
weight tons. At the time the United States
entered the war the American merchant marine
included approximately only 2.750.000 dead
weight tons of seagoing vessels of over 1,500
dead weight tons. The expansion of the fleet
within the jurisdiction of the shipping board
has come about for the most part during the
3This fleet lista as follows on Sept. 1. 1918:
Dead
Num- weight
Requisitioned American mer- ber. tons.
chant ships 449 2.900.525
Ex-German and ex-Austrian
ships taken over by the
United States government . . 100 644.713
New ships owned by United
.States shipping board 256 1.465,963
Old lake steamers transferred 31 117.800
American merchant ships not
yet requisitioned (of over
1.500 dead weight tons).... 377 980,459
Dead
Num- weight
Dutch steamers requisitioned. 81 ' 486 945
Foreign ships chartered to
United States shipping- board. 291 1,208,411
American citizens 600 1,707,099
Totals ....: 2.185 9.511.915
The American merchant marine is to-day ex-
panding more rapidly than any other in the
world. In August of this year (1918) the
United States took rank as the leading- ship-
building nation in the world. It now has
more shipyards, more shipways. more ship-
workers, more ships under construction and
is building more ships every month than any
other country, not excepting the united king-
dom, hitherto easily the first shipbuilding
power. Prior to the war the United States
stood a poor third among the shipbuilding na-
tions.
Since August. 1917. more seagoing tonnage
has been launched from American shipyards
than was ever launched before in a similar
period anywhere. The total as of Sept 1,
1918. 574 vessels, of 3.017,238 dead weight
tons, is nearly four times all the seagoing
tonnage (of over 1,500 dead weight tons)
built in the United States in any four pre-
war years. The total launchings since the
first of this year. 482 vessels, of 2.392.692
dead weight tons, are more than eight times
the seagoing tonnage (of over 1.500 dead
weight tons) produced in this country in any
prewar year.
More than 2,000.000 dead weight tons of
new ships have been completed and delivered
to the shipping board during the last year.
The first delivery was made on Aug. 30, 1917,
by the Toledo Shipbuilding companj of To-
ledo, O. The first million tons of completed
ships were obtained in May; the second mil-
lion in August. The deliveries to the ship-
ping board in August broke all world's rer>.
ords in the production of ocean going tonnage
and established the United States as the lead-
ing shipbuilding nation of the world. They
totaled 349.783 dead weight tons. Those from
American shipyards to the shipping board in
1 August totaled 324.180 dead weight tons, ex-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
549
ceedingr the previous world's record for any
month, which had been made by British ship-
yards m May. 1918. by 28,669 dead weight
tons. The deliveries to the shipping- board by
American shipyards from Aug. 30, 1917* to
and including Aug. 31. 1918, totaled 327 sea-
going vessels of 1,952,675 dead weight tons.
Adding eight vessels of 66,357 dead weight
tons delivered by Japanese shipyards, the
grand total of deliveries to the shipping board
up to Sept. 1. 1918. was 335 vessels of
2,019.032 dead weight tons.
RECORDS MADE BY SHIPYARDS.
The most spectacular achievements in the
history of shipbuilding, in this or any other
country, was the launching from American
shipyards on Independence day of ninety-five
steel, wood and composite vessels, totaling
474.464 dead weight tons- thus in one day
there were launched 188.909 more dead weight
tons than .was the output of seagoing tonnage
(of over 1.500 dead weight tons), in the best
prewar year of American shipbuilding.
Another world's record was made by Amer-
ican shipyards for the month of July. There
were launched in that month 126 steel, wood
and composite vessels, totaling 634,411 dead
weight tons. This total more than doubles
the launching totals for any month in the
history of British shipyards. Prior to this
year British shipyards launched more vessels
annually than all the others in the world.
Thus an unprecedented pace of construction
marks the rapidly increasing output of ton-
nage from American shipyards. All records
for fast shipbuilding are now held by them.
A world's record was made when the Tucka-
hoe was launched 90 per cent complete on
June 5 in 27 days 2 hours and 50 minutes
from keel laying. Another world's record
was made ten days later when the Tuckahpe,
ready for service, was delivered to the ship-
ping board. The Tuckahoe was carrying coal
to New England on the fortieth day.
SHIPYARDS AND SHIPWAYS.
When the present shipping board began its
work, in August. 1917. there were only sixty-
one shipyards in the United States. There
were thirty-seven steel shipyards with 162
ways. The largest shipyards in the world in
September, 1918, were those of the United
States. The Clyde River, in Scotland, his-
torically famous as the greatest of all ship-
building localities, is already surpassed by two
shipbuilding districts on the Atlantic coast
and by two on the Pacific coast. Now there
are 203 shipyards in the United States.
STATUS OF WORLD TONNAGE SEPT. 1.
1918.
Germany and Austria excluded.
Dead weight
Total losses (allied and neutral) tons.
August. 1914-Sept. 1. 1918 21.404,913
Tf.tal construction (allied and neu-
tral) August, 1914-Sept. 1, 1918. .14,247.825
Total enemy tonnage captured (to
end of 1917) 3.795,000
Excess of losses over gains 3.362,088
Estimated normal increase in
world's tonnage if war had not
occurred (based on rate of in-
crease, 1905-1914) 14,700.000
Net deficit due to war 18.062.088
Allied monthly construction passed destruc-
tion for the first time in May, 1918.
In August deliveries to the shipping board
and other seagoing construction in. the United
States for private parties passed allied and
neutral destruction for that month. The
figures :
Gross (actual) tons.
Deliveries to shipping board 244,121
Other construction over 1,000 gross... 16.918
Total .261.039
Losses (allied and neutral) 259,400
America alone surpassed losses for
month by 1.630
Note — World's merchant tonnage as of June
?0. 1914, totaled 49,089,552 gross tons, or.
roughly. 73,634,328 dead weight tons. (Lloyd's
Kegister.)
OCTOBER STATEMENT.
All shipbuilding records for any country
were broken by the total deliveries of com-
pleted new ships to the shipping board dur-
ing October. In spite of the epidemic of
influenza that incapacitated about one-third of
the shipworkers, the record breaking total
for September was surpassed by nearly 50,000
dead weight tons. There were added to the
American merchant marine in October seventy-
nine completed new ships of 415,908 dead
weight tons.
Class of Vessels.
The deliveries comprised forty-seven steel
ships of 301.208 dead weight tons, thirty
wood ships of 107,200 dead weight tons and
two composite ships of 7,500 dead weight
tons. From American shipyards came the un-
precedented total of 398,108 dead weight tons.
Japanese shipyards delivered two steel ships
of 17,808 dead weight tons. The American
total exceeds by 68,980 dead weight tons the
output of oceangoing vessels in this country
in 1914 and 1915. It betters the prewar high
mark in American shipbuilding, the total lor
1916, by 112,553 dead weight tons. It also
surpasses the British record for any month
by 102,397 dead weight tons.
Once more the Pacific coast led all sections
of the country in shipbuilding. The deliveries
from California, Washington and Oregon to-
taled thirty vessels of 190.400 dead weight
tons. Along the Atlantic coast there were
completed and delivered seventeen vessels of
102,000 dead weight tons. The Great Lakes
shipyards delivered twenty-one vessels of 73.-
000 dead weight tons. From the gulf states
came nine vessels of 33,200 dead weight tons.
Total for 1918.
The October deliveries bring: the total of
completed new ships in 1918 UP to 2,386,835
dead weight tons. Since the date of the first
delivery. Aug. 30. 1917. there have been com-
pleted and delivered 487 ocean going vessels
totaling 2.793,510 dead weight tons.
FOOD USED BY AMERICAN ARMY ABROAD.
The division of army subsistence in a re-
port showing the food supplies and forage
sent to the American expeditionary force
from the beginning of the war until the sign-
ing of the armistice gave the following fig-
ures:
Flour, 493,162,058 Ibs. ; beef, fresh frozen.
213,034,473 Ibs: canned meats, 118,183,810
Ibs.: bacon, 115.415,372 Ibs.: sugar, 97.627,-
445 Ibs.: beans, baked, 54,496,008 Ibs.:
beans, dry, 38,832,171 Ibs.: tomatoes, canned,
77.335,095 Ibs.; prunes, 13,709,341 Ibs.: jam.
24,723,283 Ibs.: cigarettes. 1,936.159,687:
other tobacco, 26,972,129 Ibs.: milk, evap-
orated, 39.918202 Ibs.: hay, 136.852 tons:
bran, 22,273 tons; oats, 267,926 tons.
RESIGNATION OF FUEL ADMINISTRATOR
GARFIELD.
It was announced in Washington Dec. 3,
1918, that United States Fuel Administrator
Garfield had tendered his resignation to take
effect at the pleasure of the president, and
that the president had accepted the resigna-
tion, although it was made clear that the
needs of domestic consumers would continue
to receive the attention of the fuel adminis-
tration until the winter was past.
KNITTED 14,089.000 GARMENTS.
American Red Cross workers during the war
knitted 14.089.000 garments for the army and
navy. In addition, the workers turned out
253.196.000 surgical dressings. 22.255.000 hos-
pital garments, and 1.464.000 refugee gar-
ments. The work was done under the direc-
tion of 3.870 chanters of the Red Crosf. with,
more than 31.000 branches and auxiliaries-
embracing- more than 8.000.000 workers.
550
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
AVIATION IN THE WAR.
Aviation became increasingly important as a
factor in the war up to the last, .better, faster
and more powerful machines were built and
they were used for more varied purposes. At
the opening- of hostilities they were used main-
ly for observation purposes, but as time went
on they were employed as scouts hunting for
submarines at sea. artillery fire directing, bomb-
ing- hostile centers by day and night, main-
taining1 liaison in battle, photographing- enemy
positions, for speedy transportation of individ-
uals and mail and for attacking- infantry with
machine g-un fire. , After the failure of the
great German offensive in the spring- and sum-
mer of 1918 the entente flyers obtained al-
most complete mastery of the air. The Ger-
mans confined much of their activity to bomb-
ing- hospitals behind the allied lines at night,
generally avoiding- encounters in the daytime.
Formation flying: became common and many
machines would engage in raids at the same
time. Heroic work was done and many flyers
lost their lives on the battle fields of France.
WORK OF AMERICAN FLYERS.
"When hostilities were suspended Nov. 11,
1918, American aviators had destroyed 661
more German planes and thirty -five more Ger-
man balloons than the Americans had lost.
The total number of enemy planes destroyed
by the Americans was 926 and the total num-
ber of balloons seventy-three. Two hundred
and sixty-five American planes and thirty-eight
balloons were destroyed by the enemy.
On Nov. 11. the day of the signing- of
the armistice, there were actually engaged on
the front 740 American planes. 744 pilots. 457
observers and 23 aerial gunners.
Of the total number of planes 329 were of
the pursuit type. 296 were for observation
and 115 were bombers.
The Lafayette Squadron.
Most of the famous American flyers were
members of the Lafayette squadron in the
French aerial service, thoug-h a number g-ained
renown Quickly when the aviation branch of
the American expeditionary force became ac-
tive. At a dinner given Nov. 27 in Paris by
American aviators in honor of their French
comrades in the air service it was announced
by the undersecretary of aviation that of the
240 pilots in the Lafayette squadron sixty
lost their lives.
Among- those who helped to make the La-
fayette sauadron famous were Kiffin Yates
Rockwell, C. C. Genet. Willis Haviland, Dudley
L. Hill, Edward Hinkle, Ronald Hoskier,
Charles Chouteau Johnson. Walter Lovell,
Raoul Lufbery, Victor Chapman, Norman
Prince, Harold Willis. William Thaw. Robert
Rockwell, Lawrence Rumsey, Robert Soubiran.
James R. McConnell. Theodore Parsons, Ray C.
Bridg-man. Charles Dolan, William E. Dugan,
Jr.. Kenneth Marr, David M. Peterson, Didier
Masson. Christopher Ford. John F. Hufler,
Charles J. Biddle. James Norman Hall. Henry
Sweet Jones, Phelos Collins. Kenneth P. Lit-
tauer. Dinsmore Ely, Wallace C. Winter and
Paul F. Baer. The names of many of these
men will be found among- those who were
killed in action. Most of the survivors were
given commissions in the American air service
late in 1917 or in the course of 1918.
American Aces.
Many American flyers were credited with
bringing- down five -or more enemy airplanes
and balloons. Among them were these:
Maj. Raoul Lufbery.
Lieut. Jacques Schwab.
Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker.
Lieut. Frank Luke, Jr.
Lieut. William Erwin.
Lieut. David E. Putnam.
Lieut. Donald Hudson.
Lieut. Douglas Campbell.
Lieut. John McArthur.
Lieut. Ralph O'Neil.
Decorated for Heroism.
So many of the Americans were awarded
the war cross and other decorations by the
.trench and British and the distinguished
service cross by the American authorities that
they cannot all be mentioned here. A lew
of the citations carrying with them the be-
stowal of the distinguished service cross will
be- given, however, to show the kind of work
the heroes of the air performed. For example
on Oct. 28, 1918, Gen. Pershing. in the name
of the president, awarded crosses to the fol-
lowing for ''acts of extraordinary heroism":
Second Lieutenant Alan F. Winslow, A S.,
94th aero squadron, for extraordinary heroism
in action in the Toul sector on June 6, 1918.
While on a patrol consisting of himself and
two other pilots he encountered a biplane en-
emy plane at an altitude of 4,000 meters near
St. Mihiel, France. He promptly and vigor-
ously attacked and after a running fight ex-
tending; far beyond German lines, shot his foe
down in flames near Thiaucourt. Home ad-
dress: W. H. Winslow, 2628 Hampden court,
Chicago, 111.
Second Lieutenant John W. Jordan, F. A.,
observer. Home address: E. L. Frybarger.
uncle, Hyde Park hotel. Chicago, 111. For
extraordinary heroism in action near Fismes,
France, Aug;. 11. Under the protection of
three pursuit planes, each carrying a pilot
and an observer, Lieuts. Bernheimer of New
York and Jordan, in charge of a phot6 plane,
carried out successfully a hazardous photo-
graphic mission over the enemy's lines to the
River Aisne. The four American ships were
attacked by twelve enemy battle planes. Lieut.
Bernheimer by coolly and skillfully maneuver-
ing bis ship and Lieut. Jordan by accurate
operation of his machine gun, in spite of
wounds in shoulder and leg, aided materially
in the victory which came to the American
ships and returned safely with thirty-six val-
uable photographs.
First Lieutenant Frank A. Llewellyn, pilot,
99th aero squadron. Home address: Mrs. W.
A. Llewellyn, mother. 5636 Kenwood avenue.
Chicago: and Second Lieutenant Roland H.
Neel, observer. 99th aero squadron. Home
address: Macon, Ga. For extraordinary hero-
ism in action east of St. Die, France, Aug. 17.
Lieut. Llewellyn and Lieut. Neel carried on
successful liaison with the infantry during- the
attack on Frapelle. They flew over the enemy
lines at an altitude of 400 meters, firing on
p,nd disconcerting the enemy and thereby giv-
ing- courage and confidence to the American
forces. Despite heavy fire from fifteen anti-
aircraft machine guns and several batteries of
antiaircraft artillery, they performed their
work efficiently. Their airplane was struck
by a number of machine gun bullets, one of
which cut the rudder and elevator control
wires and caused the rudder to jam. The bro-
ken control wire was held and operated by
Lieut. Neel under direction of Lieut. Llewel-
lyn. Running the machine together in this
manner, they continued their liaison work
until the plane began to become unmanage-
able, when, in spite of its damaged condition,
they brought it back to their airdrome.
Mai. William Thaw. A. S.. 103d aero squad-
ron, for extraordinary heroism near Reims, on
March 26. Maj. Thaw was the leader of a
patrol of three planes which attacked five
enemy monoplanes and three battle planes.
He and another member of the patrol brought
down one enemy plane and the three drove
down out of control two others and dispersed
the remainder. The bronze oak leaf is award-
ed Mai. Thaw for heroism near Montaerne on
April 20. when he attacked and brought down
burning- an enemy balloon. While returning
to his own lines he attacked two enemy mono-
planes, one of which he shot down in flames.
Home address: Care American Embassy. Pans,
France
First' Lieutenant Edward V. Rickenbacker.
A. S.. 94th aero sauadron. For extraordinary
horoism near Mont Sec. on April 29. Lieut.
Rickenbacker attacked an enemy . Albatross
monoplane and after a fight in which he fol-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
551
lowed his foe into German territory he suc-
ceeded in shooting it down. One bronze oak
leaf is awarded for each of the following1
acts: On May 17 he attacked three Albatross
planes, shooting1 one down in the vicinity of
Richecourt and forcing- the others to retreat.
On May 22 he attacked three monoplane Al-
batross planes 4.000 meters over St. Mihiel,
drove them back into German territory, sep-
arated one from the group and shot it down.
On May 28 he sighted a group of two battle
planes and four monoplanes, which he at
once attacked, shooting1 down one and dis-
persing- the others. On May 30. 4.000 meters
over Jaulnoy. he attacked a group of five.
After a battle he shot down one and drove
the others away. Home address: Columbus, O.
First Lieutenant Douglas Campbell, A. S.,
94th aero squadron, for extraordinary heroism
on May 19. Lieut. Campbell attacked an en-
emy biplane at an altitude of 4.500 meters
east of Flirey. He rushed to the attack, but
after shooting1 a few rounds his gun jammed.
Undeterred, he corrected the jam in midair
and returned to the assault. After a short,
violent action the enemy plane took fire and
crashed to the earth. One bronze oak leaf is
awarded to Lieut. Campbell for each of the
following1 acts: On May 27 he encountered
three enemy monoplanes at an altitude of
3.000 meters over Mont Sec, promptly attacked
and shot down one German machine and
drove the other two well within the enemy
lines. •«— •
On May 28 Lieut. Campbell saw six German
Albatross airplanes flying toward him at an
altitude of 2.000 meters, near Bois Rata. He
immediately attacked and by skillful maneuver-
ing1 and accurate operation of his machine gun
brought one plane down in flames and drove
the other five back. On May 31 he took the
offensive against two German biplanes at an
altitude of 2,500 meters over Lironville, shot
down one and pursued the other far behind
the German lines. On June 5. accompanied
by another pilot, he attacked two enemy battle
planes at an altitude of 5.700 meters over
Epley. After a spirited combat Lieut. Camp-
bell- was shot through »he back by a machine
gun bullet, but in spite of his injury kept on
fighting until he had forced one of the enemy
planes to the ground, where it was destroyed,
and had driven the other plane back into its
own territory. Home address: Mount Hamil-
ton. Cal.
AIRPLANE RAIDS ON LONDON AND PARIS.
Not so many airplane raids were made by
the German machines on London and Paris in
1918 as in the year before, yet a number
were carried out. Two or three of the more
serious may be mentioned.
Sixty-six persons wese killed and 183 in-
jured in two German airplane raids over
London Jan. 29 and 30, 1918. In the first
raid fifty-six were killed and 173 injured; in
the second raid the killed numbered ten and
the wounded ten. Some fifteen German ma-
chines ttyok part in the attack, but only five
or six reached the metropolis. They were
attacked by British flyers and one of them
was brought down in flames from a height of
10,000 feet, the three occupants being burned
to death. In the first raid thirty of the
killed and ninety-one of the injured were in
a single air raid shelter.
On March 7, 1918, seven or eight German
airplanes raided the east coast of England,
two reaching • London, where bombg" were
dropped on the residential sections on the
northwest and southwest sides of the city.
Eleven persons were killed and forty-six in-
jured.
It was announced Nov. 25. 1918, that in air
raids on sixty-six municipal districts in Eng-
land in the course of the war 365 persons
were killed and 1.147 injured. The property
damage was $4,500.000.
German airplanes attacked Paris on the
night of Jan. 30-31. 1918. throwing bombs
on various parts of the city. As a result
forty-nine persons were killed and 206 wound-
ed. The dead included fourteen women and
four children and the wounded fifty-three
women and ten children. One of the German
machines was brought down and the occu-
pants made prisoners. The last previous raid
on Paris occurred July 27, 1917. It was an-
nounced in Berlin that the latest raid was in
reprisal for the "bombing of German towns
outside the region of operations."
SECRETARY BAKER ON AIR SERVICE.
In his annual report for 1918, covering
the period of America's participation in the
world war, the secretary of war, Newton D.
Baker, dealt in detail with the American air
service concerning the production branch of
which there had been much criticism. His
statement follows:
Organization.
The aviation section of the signal corps,
which had charge of the production and oper-
ation of military aircraft at the outbreak ol
the war, was created on July 18, 1914. To
assist in outlining America's aviation pro-
gram, the aircraft production bpard was ap-
pointed by the council of national defense
in May. 1917. In October, 1917, the aircraft
board, acting in an advisory capacity to the
signal corps and the navy, was created by
act of congress. In April, 1918, the aviation
section of the signal corps was separated into
two distinct departments, John D. Ryan
being placed in charge of aircraft production
and Brig.-Gen. W. L. Kenly in charge of mili-
tary aeronautics. Under the powers granted
in the Overman bill a further reorganization
was effected by presidential order in May,
1918. whereby aircraft production and mili-
tary aeronautics were completely divorced
from the signal corps and established in sep-
arate bureaus. This arrangement continued
until August, when the present air service,
under Mr. Ryan as second assistant secretary
of war. was established, combining under one
head the administration of aviation personnel
and equipment.
Raw Materials Secured.
One of the most important problems which
confronted the aircraft organization from the
start was the obtaining of sufficient spruce
and fir for ourselves and our allies. To
facilitate the work, battalions were organ-
ized under military discipline and placed in
the forests of the west coast. A government
plant and kiln were erected to cut and dry
lumber before shipment, thus saving valu-
able freight space. To Nov. 11. 1918. the
date the armistice was signed, the total quan-
tity of spruce and fir shipped amounted to
approximately 174,000,000 feet, of which
more than two-thirds went to the allies.
The shortage of linen stimulated the search
lor a substitute possessing the qualities nec-
essary in fabric used for covering airplane
wings. Extensive experiments were made
with a cotton product which proved so suc-
cessful that it is now used for all types
of training- and service planes.
To meet the extensive demands for a high-
grade lubricating oil castor beans were im-
ported from India and a large acreage plant-
ed in this country. Meanwhile, research
work with mineral oils was carried on in-
tensively, with the result that a lubricant
was developed which proved satisfactory in
practically every type of airplane motor ex-
cept the rotary motor, in which castor oil
is still preferred.
Production of Training Planes and Engines.
When war was declared the United States
possessed less than 300 training planes, all
of inferior types. Deliveries ol improved
models were begun as early as June. 1917.
Up to Nov. 11. 1918, over 5.300 had been
produced, including 1.600 of a type which
was temporarily abandoned on account of un-
satisfactory engines.
Planps for advanced training purposes were
produced in quantity early in 1918; up to
552
ALMAKAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
the signing1 of the armistice about 2,500 were
delivered. Approximately the same number
was purchased overseas for training the units
with the expeditionary force.
Several new models, to be used for train-
ing pursuit pilots, are under development.
Within three months after the declaration
of war extensive orders were placed for two
types of elementary training engines. Quan-
tity production was reached within a short
time. In all about 10.500 have been deliv-
ered, sufficient to constitute a satisfactory re-
serve for some time to come.
Of the advanced training- engines, the three
important models were of foreign design, and
the success achieved in securing quantity pro-
duction is a gratifying commentary on the
manufacturing ability of this country. The
total production up to Nov. 11 was approxi-
mately 5,200.
Production of Service Planes.
The experience acquired during the opera-
tions on the Mexican border demonstrated the
unsuitability of the planes then used by the
American 'army. Shortly after the declara-
tion of war, a commission was sent abroad
to select types of foreign service planes to
be put into production in this country. We
were confronted with the necessity of rede-
signing these models to take the Liberty mo-
tor, as foreign engine production was insuf-
flcent to meet the great demands of the allies.
The first successful type of plane to come
into quantity production was a modification
of the British De Haviland 4— an observa-
tion and day bombing plane. The first de-
liveries were made in February, 1918. In
May, production began to increase rapidly,
and by October a monthly output of 1.201
had been reached. Approximately 1,900 were
shipped to the expeditionary force prior to
the termination of hostilities.
The Handley-Page night bomber, used ex-
tensively by the British, was redesigned to
take two Liberty motors. Parts for approxi-
mately 100 planes have been shipped to Eng-
land for assembly.
A total of 2,676 pursuit, observation, and
day bombing planes, with spare engines, were
delivered to the expeditionary lorce by the
French government for the equipment ol our
lorces overseas.
Considerable progress was made in the
adaptation of other types of foreign planes
to the 'American-made engines, and in the
development - of new designs. The U. S. D.
9A. embodying some improvements over the
De Havilland 4, was expected to come into
quantity production in the near future. The
Bristol Fighter, a British plane, was rede-
signed to take the Liberty 8 and the Hispano-
Suiza 300 h. p. engines. A force of Italian
engineers and skilled workmen was brought
to America to redesign the Caproni night
bomber to take three Liberty motors, and
successful trial flights of this machine have
been made.
Several new models are under experimenta-
tion. Chief of these is the Le Pere two-
seater fighter, designed around the Liberty
motor, the performance of which is highly
satisfactory. Several of these planes were
sent overseas to be tested at the front.
Production of Service Engines,
In view of the rapid progress in military
aeronautics, the necessity for the development
of a high powered motor adaptable to Amer-
ican methods ol quantity production was
early recognized. The result of the efforts
to meet this need was the Liberty motor-
America's chief contribution to aviation, and
one of the great achievements of the war.
After this motor emerged from the experi-
mental stage, production increased with great
rapidity, the October output reaching 4.200.
or nearlr one-third of the total production up
to the signing of the armistice. The fac-
tories engaged in the manufacture of this
motor, and their total production to Nov. 8.
are listed in the following table:
Packard Motor Car company. . . 4,654
Lincoln Motor corporation 3,720
Ford Motor company 3,025
General Motors corporation 1,554
Nordyke & Marmon company.... 443
Total 13.396
Of this total, 9.824 were high compression.
or army type, and 3,572 low compression, or
navy type, the latter being used in seaplanes
and large night bombers.
In addition to thpse installed in planes, about
3,500 Liberty engines were shipped overseas.
to be used as spares and for delivery to the
allies.
Other types ol service engines, including
the Hispano-Suiza 300 h. p.. the Bugatti and
the Liberty 8-cylinder, were under develop-
ment when hostilities ceased. The Hispano-
Suiza 180 h. p. had already reached quantity
production. Nearly 500 engines of this type
were produced, about half of which were
shipped to France and England for use in
foreign-built pursuit planes.
Improvements in Instruments and Accessories.
Few facilities existed for the manufacture
of many of the delicate instruments and in-
tricate mechanisms going into the equipment
of every battle plane. The courage and de-
termination with which these most difficult
problems were met and solved will form one
9! the bright pages in the archives ol Amer-
ican industry.
One of the most important outgrowths of
the research work which the war stimulated
was the development of voice command in
fprmation flying by means of wireless de-
vices. The great significance ol this inven-
tion will be appreciated when it is realized
that the leader ol a lormation has hereto-
fore been dependent on signals lor conveying
instructions to the individual units ol the
squadron.
Training of Personnel.
Alter the declaration ol war the construc-
tion ol training fields proceeded with such
rapidity that the demand lor training equip-
ment greatly exceeded the output. Since the
latter part of 1917. however, the supply of
elementary training planes and engines has
been more than sufficient to meet the demands,
while the situation as regards certain types
of planes lor advanced training has greatly
improved. Approximately 17,000 cadets were
graduated from ground schools: 8,602 reserve
military aviators were graduated from ele-
mentary training schools: and 4.028 aviators
completed the course in advanced training
provided in this country. Pending the pro-
vision of adequate equipment for specialized
advanced training, the policy was adopted ol
sending students overseas lor a short finish-
ing course before going into action. The
shortage of skilled mechanics with sufficient
knowledge ol airplanes and motors was met
by the establishment ol training schools Irom
which over 14,000 mechanics were graduated.
At the cessation ol hostilities there were in
training as aviators in the United States 6,528
men, ol whom 22 per cent were in ground
schools, 37 per cent in elementary schools,
and 41 per cent in advanced training schools.
The number ol men in training as aviator
mechanics was 2,154.
Forces at the Front.
Early in 1918 the first squadrons composed
of American personnel provided with French
planes appeared at the front. The number
was increased as rapidly as equipment could
be obtained. On Sept. 30, the date of the
latest available information, there were thirty-
two squadrons at the front; of these fifteen
were pursuit, thirteen observation, and four
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
553
bombing-. The first squadron equipped with
American planes reached the front in the lat-
ter part of July.
Losses in Battle and in Training.
Though the casualties in the air force
were small as compared with the total
strength, the casualty rate of the flying- per-
sonnel at the front was somewhat above the
artillery and infantry rates. The reported bat-
tle fatalities up to Oct. 24 were 128 and
accident fatalities overseas 244. The results
pf allied and American experience at the front
indicate that two aviators lose their lives in
accidents for each aviator killed in battle.
The fatalities at training fields in the United
States to Oct. 24 were 262.
Commissioned and Enlisted Strength.
On America's entrance into the war, the
personnel of the air service consisted of sixty-
five officers and 1,120 men. When the armistice
was signed the total strength was slightly
over 190.000. comprising about 20,000 com-
missioned officers, over 6,000 cadets under
training, and 164,000 enlisted men. In ad-
dition to the cadets under training, the fly-
ing personnel was composed of about 11,000
officers, of whom approximately 42 per cent
were with the expeditionary force when hos-
tilities ceased. The air service constituted
slightly over 6 per cent of the total strength
of the army.
AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION INQUIRY.
The failure of the United States to deliver
fighting airplanes to American aviators in
France and, elsewhere in any appreciable
quantity at the time they were most needed
led to a demand lor a searching inquiry into
the cause of the delay. The following letter
sent by Attorney-General T. W. Gregory to
President Wilson Oct. 31, 1918, will give a
clear idea of the charges and the nature of the
investigation made by Judge Charles E. Hughes :
Dear Mr. President: On May 6 last you
directed me to investigate and pursue charges
of dishonesty or malversation in regard to
the production of aircraft and on May 13 you
asked Judge Charles E. Hughes to act with
me in making this investigation. By far the
larger part of the last five months has been
C9nsumed in taking testimony. An opportu-
nity has been given to every person claiming
to have grievances, charges or criticisms to
appear and testify in person, and produce other
witnesses and data.
We spent many weeks in personally inspect-
ing conditions and taking testimony at the
larger plants having aircraft contracts with
the government at Dayton, O.: Detroit, Mich.:
Elizabeth and New Brunswick. N. J.. and
Buffalo, N. Y. The papers, books, corre-
spondence, accounts and other records in the
flies of the signal corps at Washington, as
well as those of the principal contractors and
of the government at these plants, have been
critically examined as far as there was rea-
son to believe that they would throw light
on the matters under investigation. We have
examined .nearly 300 witnesses and taken
about 17.000 pages of testimony,
In an effort to make the investigation
thorough we have attempted to go into every
phase of aircraft production since our entry
into the war in April, 1917, and had re-
course to every source of information which
appeared available. Every complaint or
charge of wro*ngdoing has been heard and
carefully considered. It is believed that the in-
vestigation has been exhaustive, except that
full data as to contracts let abroad for planes
have not been at hand, and the matter of
spruce production on the Pacific coast has been
gone into only to the extent that this could
be none by the examination of witnesses at
Washington. From the investigation mpde it
hap been concluded that the Isklnff of the.
additional time necessary for obtaining com-
plete data from Europe in regard to the
contracts in question, or for a trip of in-
vestigation to the Pacific coast, where most
of the spruce is produced, was not justified.
During- the period reierred to Judge Hughes
has given practically his entire time to this
work and has been in direct charge of tiie
investigation, which has been conducted by
him with the co-operation of myself and other
officials of the department of justice. The
investigation has now been completed
Some three weeks ago, at the conclusion of
the taking of testimony, in order that you
might have the independent judgment of both
Judge Hughes and myself, each without confer-
ence with the other considered the evidence,
reached his own conclusion, and prepared a
report. On the afternoon of last Saturday.
Oct. 26. Judge Hughes handed to me a copy
of his report, together with a letter asking
me to tiansmit it to you with whatever state-
ment of views I wished to make. The report
consists of 182 printed pages. By far the
greater portion is devoted to a remarkably
accurate statement of substantially all the
transactions had since the beginning of the
war in the course of the development of the
aircraft program. After carefully examining
this statement of the transactions had. I find
myself in substantial accord therewith, and
do not consider it necessary to present to
you a somewhat full report which has here-
tofore been prepared in ths department of jus-
tice. As hereinafter shown. I also find my-
self in accord with the conclusions presented
by Judge Hughes on questions of dishonesty
and malversation.
I do not consider it germane to this in-
vestigation to enter into criticisms of the
program or of mistakes in policy or in the
exercise of judgment.
I send you herewith Judge Hughes' re-
port and present herein my conclusions and
briefly supplement Judge Hughes' findings of
fact in a few instances.
General Character of Charges.
When the investigation began in May it
was sweepingly charged that $691.851.866.47.
appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July
1. 1917. had been expended with practically
no results: that members of the aircraft
beards had been financially interested in air-
craft contracts: that German and disloyal in-
fluences had retarded the progress of the work,
and that these influences, together with graft
ot vrrious kinds, had entered into the trans-
actions involved. It therefore seems desir-
able to state briefly what sums have been ex-
pended and what has been accomplished.
Amount Expended.
The $691,851,866.47 appropriated was for
all aviation purposes, including many things
besides the building of aircraft. Contracts for
airplanes and motors let here and abroad, it
was estimated, would require $474,910,706.55.
but in May last this amount had by no means
been expended. The actual disbursements for
this purchase up to the close of the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1918, were as follows:
For production in this country .$106,741,490.77
For production abroad 25,605,074 31
For experimental and develop-
ment work 1,697,830.19
Total $134,044,395.27
This amount includes not only the cost of
planes and motors delivered, but also large
payments for special tools and for labor and
niiiterials in planes and motors not then fin-
ished. The figures are not now available to
show just how much more has been dis-
bursed on this account since June 30, though
the total amount disbursed for all aviation
purposes between that date and Sept. 30 was
5139,186,661.33.
Planes and Motors Acquired.
To provide for the needs of the army until
prochiot'on in this country could be expected
contracts wer« let in the summer pf 1917 in
France for 875 training planes with engines
and for 5.000 service planes and 8.500 service
554
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
engines, deliveries to beg-in in November and
be completed in June, 1918, and in Italy for
700 service planes with engines. These con-
tracts were not carried out as contemplated,
partly because of unavoidable delay by this
government in delivering1 materials, but largely
because the unexpected increase in the needs
of the French government overtaxed the ca-
pacity of the manufacturers. However, up
to July 31, 1918, there had been acquired
under foreign contracts 1,617 training' and
1.512 service, or a total of 3.129 planes
with engines. The deliveries of planes and
engines produced in this country up to July
1, 1918, were:
PJanes — Elementary training; 4,572
Advanced training 1,046
Service 553
Total 6,171
Engines — Elementary training- 7,662
Advanced training 2,579
Service 2,392
Total 12,633
Since July 1 production has been such that
up to Oct. 11, 1918, the figures were:
Planes — Elementary training 5,187
Advanced training •2,137
Service 2,350
Total 9,674
Engines — Elementary training 10,256
Advanced training 4.479
Service 9,937
Total 24,672
When the 3,129 acquired abroad are added
we have total planes 12.803. and 27,801 en-
gines. While the only service planes thus
lar produced in this country have been ob-
servation and bombing Dlanes. those acquired
abroad include pursuit and combat planes.
Conduct of Members of Aircraft Board,
The results, as above set out. in view of
the inherent difficulties of hurriedly expand-
ing the signal corps from almost nothing to
an immense organization, selecting upon more
or less conflicting information from abroad
the proper types of planes and engines, se-
curing responsible and efficient contractors to
engage in a new line of work, the designing
and making of enormous Quantities of ma-
chinery and tools, and the development of
an industry almost unknown in this country
and undergoing, constant changes abroad, can-
not be said to indicate dishonesty or malversa-
tion.
An exhaustive examination into the entire
conduct of aircraft matters fails to show that
any member of either board has had any
desire to retard or delay production, or has
done anything1 intended to accomplish that re-
svlt. or has intentionally caused the waste of
funds, or been actuated by a disloyal mo-
tive, or been guilty of dishonesty or malversa-
tion, unless there be truth in the specific
charges which will now be referred to.
A. Interest in contracts — I agree with the
conclusion reached by Judge Hughes that
there is no evidence upon which it can fairly
be charged that any member of the aircraft
boards, including Howard E. Coffin, Gen.
Squier. Col. E. A. Deeds. Col. R. Ii. Montgom-
ery, Col. S. D. Waldon. Richard F. Howe,
Harry B. Thayer. Admiral Taylor and other
naval officers, has been unlawfully interested
in any contract or transaction relating to air-
craft production. Indeed, as to this charge,
there has at no time been ground for a ques-
tion involving- am' of these gentlemen ex-
ceot Col. Deeds.
B. Form of contracts — Growing largely out
of the popular understanding that contracts
for aircraft r>rovide that the compensation of
the contractor shall be a fixed per cent of
the cost of production, and thus make it to
the interest of the contractor to increase that
cost, the charge has been made that these
contracts are themselves instruments for prac-
ticing frauds upon the treasury.
The fact is that no such contracts have
been made. The government is to pay the
cost of production, plus a fixed sum, which
cannot be enhanced by increasing the cost of
production. On the contrary, it is provided
that the contractor shall share in the saving
if the actual cost shall be less than an "esti-
mated cost" stated in the contract. Hence,
whatever other objections there may be to the
contract, it is to the interest of the contractor
to keep the cost of production as low as pos-
sible. Moreover, the right is reserved to the
government to terminate the contract at any
time by repaying the amount expended plus
the fixed profit on finished articles and 10 per
cent of the cost of labor and materials in un-
finished articles. If, therefore, experience
should demonstrate that the contract would be
unfair, the government could terminate it un-
less the contractor would agree to a readjust-
ment of terms.
In the case of the Liberty motor contracts
the practical result has been, first, a reduc-
tion of the estimated cost from $6.087 to
$5,000. and of the fixed profit from 9013 to
$625, and finally the putting of the contracts
on a fixed price basis when experience had
shown what would be a fair price.
In view of the fact that when this form
of contract was adopted there were no avail-
able data as to what the cost ought to be, it
seems to have been devised to protect the in-
terest of the government. I am unable to see
how an inference of bad faith or official dere-
liction can be drawn from it.
C. Awarding of contracts — There have been
charges of unfair discrimination and favorit-
ism in the awarding of contracts. These com-
plaints relate almost entirely to contracts for
planes, for which there were many appli-
cants.. Selections had to be made. It cannot
be said that plausible reasons were wanting
for those made. If mistakes were made
nothing has been developed which would jus-
tify the charge that they resulted from cor-
rupt motives.
D. Profits of contractors — It has been
charged that exorbitant profits to contractors
have been allowed. On their face they appear
to be unusually liberal, but when it is remem-
bered that 60 per cent or more, of them must
be paid to the government as income and ex-
cess profits taxes and that most of the net
profits will be invested in buildings and fa-
cilities which may or may not be capable of
profitable use for an indefinite period after
the termination of the contract, my conclusion
is that no such profits have been allowed as
to justify a charge of bad faith.
E. Cross-license agreement — Whatever may
be said of the charge that this arrangement
tends to discourage future inventions, one of
its results wa9 to enable the government
through contractors, to secure the use of all
necessary patents at a fixed cost and with lit-
tle fnction. It was not entered into until the
attorney-general had given an opinion that it
did not conflict with the antitrust law. I
find no basis for the suggestion that in bring-
ing it about the members of the aircraft board
were actuated by any unlawful or dishonest
motive.
F. Conduct of Col. E. A. Deeds— Of all the
members of the aircraft boards the one most
severely criticized and against whom most
charges have been brought has been Col. E A.
Eeeds. The evidence does not disclose any
violation by Col. Deeds of the criminal laws.
In the early part of 1918 public statements
were issued with official authority purporting
to set out the progress which had been made
in the production of engines and planes and
the prospects of the immediate future. These
publications were not only misleading but
they contained false statements, and were is-
sued in reliance ur>on information principally
furnished by Col. Deeds, who was acquainted
with the actual facts. While the conduct of
Col. Deeds in this matter was not criminal
and cannot be said to have affected actual pro-
duction, it was inexcusable and reprehensible.
I nlso find that Col. Deeds was guilty of
censurable conduct in acting as confidential
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
555
adviser of H. E. Talbott and in conveying in-
formation to the latter with respect to trans-
action of business between the Dayton Wrisht
Airplane company and the division of the sig-
nal corps of which Col. Deeds was the head.
Whether or not Col. Deeds should be sub-
jected to disciplinary measures for the acts re-
ferred to is a matter to be determined by the
war department. I acquiesce* in the recom-
mendation of Judge Hughes that the facts be
submitted to the secretary of war.
Officers and Employes of the Signal Corps,
When war was declared and the carrying out
of the aircraft program was intrusted to the
signal corps, its official personnel was hur-
riedly increased from a small organization to
one of enormous proportions. It has been im-
possible, of course, to critically examine the
conduct of all the military officers and civil-
ians connected with this branch of the serv-
ice. The official acts of the more prominent
ones have been gone into and the general sit-
uation has received as much consideration as
was possible. The investigation has failed to
show, unless the instances hereinafter noted
constitute exceptions, that any person, mili-
tary or civilian, connected with the signal
corps has desired to retard or delay produc-
tion, or has done anything intended to accom-
plish that result, or has intentionally caused
waste of funds, or has been actuated by disloy-
al motives, or been guilty of dishonesty or
malversation. The incidents referred to are as
follows :
A. Conduct of Lieut.-Col. J. G. Vincent.
Lieut.-Col. George W. Mixter. and Second
Lieutenant Samuel B. Vrooman. Jr. — Many
successful business men tendered their serv-
ices to or were invited to take part in the
activities of the signal corps. Naturally the
men selected were chosen as far as was prac-
ticable from lines of business similar to those
in which the government expected to utilize
their services. With the business interests of
the country so largely involved in <var work,
many of these men in the course of the per-
formance of their official duties not infre-
quently were brought in contact with cor-
porations in which they held stock. It is to
their credit that only three instances have
been found in which officers or employes of
the signal corps have apparently transacted
business for the government with corporations
in which thoy were interested.
One of these was Lieut.-Col. Vincent, who
had been vice-president of the Packard Motor
Car company, in charge of engineering, and
who after he became an officer in the signal
corps continued to hold certain shares of
stock in that company. He was one of the.
original designer's of the Liberty motor, held
several important positions in the engineer-
ing department, and is now in charge of the
airplane engineering division of the bureau of
aircraft production. Under the circumstances
set out in Judge Hughes' report. Lieut.-Col.
Vincent was instrumental in having certain
payments made to the Packard Motor Car
company for drawings, models, tests, etc.. and
for eleven standardized engines. The course
of procedure which resulted in the payments
of this money was without a written contract
and otherwise irregular and unusual. I agree
•with Judge Hughes' C9nclusion that Lieut.-Col.
Vincent violated section 41 of the criminal
code, which prohibits any person directly or
indirectly interested in the pecuniary profits
or contracts of a corporation from acting as
an officer or agent of the United States for
the transaction of business with such cor-
poration. I further agree with Judge Hughes
that the evidence does not afford ground for
the conclusion that the government was de-
frauded, or that there was any intent to de-
fraud on the part of any of the parties con-
cerned, or that the services rendered were not
worth the amount paid therefor, or that the
estimates of the outlav of the Packard com-
ppny were not fair estimates.
Lieut.-Col. George W. Mixter held twenty-
five shares (par value 82,500) of the preferred
stock of the Curtiss Airplane and Motor cor-
poration. This corporation had important
contracts with the government for the pro-
duction of airplanes. While holding stock
Lieut.-Col. Mixter was in charge of the or-
ganization for the inspection of materials and
products at one of the corporation's plants,
and visited it from time to time in the ex-
ercise of his authority as head of the in-
spection department and as production man-
ager. He stated on examination that he had
bought a small amount of common ' and pre-
ferred stock of the corporation mentioned
some years before and remembered selling
some of it; that he did not remember whether
he retained any and had not thought of it
after entering the service. It appears that
he had parted with ownership of the com-
mon stock, but still owned the preferred. I
agree with the conclusion of Judge Hughes
that this was a violation of section. 41 of
the criminal code.
Second Lieutenant Samuel B. Vrooman. Jr.,
was the owner of $10,000 in par value of the
stock of the S. B. Vrooman company of
Philadelphia, which had a contract with the
government for supplying mahogany. While
holding this stock Lieut. Vrooman was put
in charge of the inspection of propeller lum-
ber, including mahogany. He selected the
district officers, who in turn selected the in-
spectors; he issued instructions to the district
officers and visited various plants to see
that the inspectors were doing their duty
and to pass on disputed points. The plant
of the S. B. Vrooman company was one of
those subject to his jurisdiction, but he de-
nies that he ever personally inspected its lum-
ber. I agree with Judge Hughes' conclusion
that he violated section 41 of the criminal
code.
B. Conduct of Mahogany Manufacturers and
Importers' association — For a short period of
time J. C. Wicklifte, J. Edward McCullough
and Second Lieutenant Samuel B. Vrooman.
Jr.. while representing the government in deal-
ing with mahogany manufacturers, received
from one or more of these manufacturers sal-
aries in addition to those paid by the gov-
ernment. I agree with Judge Hughes that un-
der the circumstances this was a gross im-
propriety on the part of those paying1 ana
those receiving the additional salaries, but
that there is no statute making it a, criminal
offense unless a case is made out of bribery
£r of a conspiracy to defraud the government.
am likewise of the view expressed by Judge
Hughes that whether a charge, of the sort in-
dicated could be properly made would largely
depend upon whether the terms and prices of
the mahogany manufacturers were fair and
reasonable, or excessive and the result of im-
proper influence, and that the federal trade
commission, with its special facilities for con-
ducting an examination of that kind. , should
ba requested to make a survey of the mahogany
industry and the cost of delivering' the lum-
ber involved and reach a conclusion as to the
reasonableness of the prices paid.
C. Matters of Minor Importance — In one of-
fice of the signal corps there seems to have
been discovered petty graft fostered by a ci-
vilian employe, and evidence has been brought
to our attention tending to establish dishon-
est inspection on a rather small scale in one
of the least important plants. These matters
are now under investigation by grand juries
and indictments will be found if justified.
Contractors.
A searching inquiry has been made into
the conduct of the work b.v the principal con-
tracting companies. Agreeing substantially as
I do with the statement of facts made by
Judge Hughes. I am of opinion that it can-
not fairly be charged that a managing officer
of any contracting corporation has desired or
attempted to delay production or been actuated
by disloyal motives. To what extent, if any.
inefficiency or mismanagement is to be in-
ferred from the facts stated. I do not deem
it within my province to determine.
556
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
German Sympathizers.
In some of the factories a considerable num-
•ber of alien enemies and persons of German
birth or descent who, at least before our en-
try into the war, were German sympathizers,
have been employed. No facts have been de-
veloped which would justify the belief that
these men have been retained through any
willingness on the part of their employers to
have production retarded or defective planes
produced. On the contrary, the government
itself provided a system of permits under
which they could be used. They were em-
ployed and retained because the manufacturer
felt that the great difficulty of obtaining
skilled laborers in .sufficient numbers justified
such risk as might be incurred.
In some instances the employer had faith in
-an old employe and was unwilling1 to discharge
him because of mere rumors as to his loyalty.
As an illustration of this the head of the
•drafting- department at the Ford company's
plant was of German birth and there were
such persistent rumors that he was pro-Ger-
man that some of the officers of the company
thought it unsafe to retain him. He had
been in the employ of the company for nine
years, professed to be loyally interested in the
work and the officers referred to testified
that nothing- definite could be proved against
him. Mr. Ford stated that at a time when
all citizens were called to make sacrifices
one of German birth might do so by helping
to produce motors to be used for his adopted
and against his native country. He stated
further that he had absolute confidence in
this man's loyalty and. in the absence of any
proof of disloyalty, refused to discharge him.
While this indicated the application of an
almost idealistic policy of being- just to em-
ployes, results seem to have justified the
course pursued. Though this man has been
the object of the greatest watchfulness on
the part of officers of the company who sus-
pected him. nothing has been discovered in-
dicating that he has been other than a lpy<u
and efficient employe. It is fair to say that
no sinister or disloyal influence has affected
production in the Ford plant. The factory
manager testified that there had been no
sabotage and no efforts to retard production.
Results in the Ford Motor company compare
favorably .with those in the best of the com-
panies manufacturing Liberty motors. Its con-
tract for 5.000 motors was let in November,
1P17. nearly three months after contracts
had been let to the Packard and Lincoln com.
panies for 6.000 each. Up to Oct. 11, 1918.
it had produced 1.868. while the Packard com-
pany had produced 3,864 and the ^ Lincoln
company 2.787. Not a case of sabotage has
been reported to the department of .Justice
from this plant. Indeed, it can be said that
but little trouble has been traced to aliens
or alleged German sympathizers in any of the
plants.
Sabotage.
To what Judge Hughes has saiu . on this
subject I wish to add that since his report
was handed to me I have had the records of
the department of justice examined for the
purpose of ascertaining the number of sub-
stantial complaints of sabotage in the fac-
tories engaged in manufacturing aircraft mo-
tors or parts for the government. The re-
sult shows twelve such complaints. Upon
these complaints and the investigations which
followed seven men have been indicted,
two of whom have pleaded guilty and
five of whom are awaiting trial. In this
•connection it is interesting to note that during
the past eighteen months somewhere between
100.000 and 200.000 laborers have been en-
gaged on government work in the factories
indicated. Respectfully ^ours. GREGOBY
Attorney-General.
JUDGE HUGHES' RECOMMENDATIONS.
The report made by Judge Hughes is too
elaborate and lengthy to be reproduced here.
but his conclusions and recommendations are
given herewith :
1. The controlling facts and the conclusions
in relation to the matters reviewed have been
stated under appropriate headings. It would
be impossible to restate them in a brief sum-
mary. The defective organization of the work
of aircraft production and the serious lack of
competent direction of that work by the re-
sponsible officers of the signal corps, to which
the delays and waste were chiefly due, were
matters for administrative correction through
unification of effort under competent control.
The provisions of the criminal statutes do
not reach inefficiency.
It is not within the province of this report
to make recommendations with respect to ad-
ministrative policy, but it should be said that
under the direction of Mr. Ryan and Mr. Pot-
ter there has been improvement in organiza-
tion, and progress has been made in gratifying
measure.
2. The evidence discloses conduct which al-
though of a reprehensible character cannot
be regarded as affording a sufficient basis for
charges under existing statutes, but there are
certain acts shown, not only highly improper
in themselves, but of especial significance,
which should lead to disciplinary measures.
The evidence with respect to Col. Edward A.
Deeds should be presented to the secretaiy of
war to the end that Col. Deeds may be tried
by court-martial under articles 95 and 96 of
the articles of war for nis conduct (1) in
acting- as confidential adviser of his former
business associate, H. E. Talbott of the Day-
ton Wright Airplane company, and in convey-
ing information to Mr. Talbott in an im-
proper manner with respect to the transaction
of business between that company and the di-
vision of the signal corps of which Col. Deeds
was the head: and (2) in giving to the repre-
sentatives of the committee on public informa-
tion a false and misleading statement with
respect to the progress of aircraft production
for the purpose of publication with the au-
thority of the secretary of war.
3. The absence of proper appreciation of the
obvious impropriety of transactions by gov-
ernment officers and agents with firms or cor-
porations in which they are interested com-
pels the conclusion that public policy demands
that the statutory provisions bearing upon
this conduct should be strictly enforced. It
is therefore recommended that the officers
found to have had transactions on behalf of
the government with corporations in the pe-
cuniary profits of which they had an interest
should be prosecuted under section 41 of the
criminal code.
4. The federal trade commission should be
requested to report upon the proper cost of
mahogany for airplane propellers, to the end
that uoon the coming in of its report the
question of the propriety of further action
with respect to the transactions of the Ma-
hogany Manufacturers and Importers' associa-
tion may be determined.
5. It is recommended that the representa-
tives of the department of justice should
keep in touch with the progress of the reaudit
of accounts so that it may be advised of the
complete enforcement of the rights of the
government in final settlement of accounts,
and that the government has been fully pro-
tected against unnecessary loss through waste
and the absence of suitable factory supervis-
ion.
6. Permit me also to suggest that a special
division, or subdivision of the present bureau
of investigation, in the department of justice
should be assigned to the consideration of sus-
pected delinquencies in connection with air-
craft production, so that the work already
done may be appropriately followed up. In
particular, it is recommended that the activi-
ties in relation to spruce production, which
being largely centered on the Pacific coast
it was impracticable to embrace in the pres-
ent inquiry, should be carefully scnitimzpd.
I have the honor to remain respectfully
yours. CHARLES E. HUGHES.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
557
Mixter and Vincent Pardoned.
It was announced at the white house Dec. 3
that the president had pardoned Lieut. -Col.
George W. Mixter and Lieut. -Col. J. G. Vin-
cent, whom the report on aircraft production
showed to be technically guilty of a breach
of statutes because he entirely concurred in
the views of the attorney-general with regard
to these two cases. He believed that the two
gentlemen concerned were entirely innocent of
any improper or selfish intention, that their
guilt was only technical and that their serv-
ices to the government, which have been of
the highest value and of a most disinterested
sort, deserved, the most cordial recognition.
SOME AVIATORS WHO DIED IN THE WAR.
Following is a list of American and other
aviators who were killed in battle or by ac-
cident, chiefly on the western front in France.
It is by no means complete, as details in the
great majority of cases were lacking. Only
a few of the accidental deaths are given:
Ash, Alan N.. American: killed in combat:
May 31. 1918.
Ball, Capt. Albert. British, May 7. 1917.
Baracca, Maj., Italian, missing after aerial
battle; reported June 21. 1918.
Baron. Ajt., French, killed in raid Oct. 12.
1916.
Baughan, James H., American, fatally wound-
ed in combat. July 2, 1918.
Baylies, Frank L., American, killed in combat.
June 17. 1918.
Bayne, J. Alexander. American, killed in bat-
tle: reported May 21. 1918.
Bellows. Lieut. F. B.. American, in battle:
Sept. 13. 1918.
Biddle, Julian. American. Aug. 20, 1917.
Billings. David K., American, Sept. 15. 1917.
Blumenthal. Arthur. American, killed in com-
bat. June 7, 1918.
Booth. Jr., Scrgt. W. Vernon, American, fatal-
ly wounded in combat, June 28, 1918; died
July 14
Brooks, Flight Lieutenant Robert E., Ameri-
can, killed in accident at Ayr, Scotland.
April 15. 1918.
Buckley, Corporal Everett C., American, Sept,
6. 1917.
Byers. Sergt. Louis L.. American, missing. July
24. 1918.
Campbell, Andrew Courtney. American. Oct. 1.
1917.
Carpenter, Charles M., American, at Shrews-
bury. England, March 21. 1918.
Castle, Capt. Vernon. British. Feb. 15. 1918.
Chamberlain, Sergt. Cyrus F.. American, killed
in combat. June 18. 1918.
Chapman, Charles W., Jr., American, killed in
combat. May 3. 1918.
Chapman, Sergt. Victor. American. June 23,
Chaput. Lieut., French, killed in action. May
7. 1918.
Chopin. Minor J.. American, April 12. 1918.
seaplane accident.
Clapp. Lieut. Roger H., American, killed in ac-
tion: announced July 25. 1918.
Collins, Phelps, American, March 13, 1918.
De Laage. Capt.. French, May 24. 1917.
Demeuldre. Sublieutenant, French, killed in
action May 8, 1918.
Drew. Corporal R. Sidney. American, killed in
air fight, May 18. 1918.
Durand. Lieut. Elliott. American, killed in ac-
tion: reported Oct. 30. 1»18.
Ely, Lieut. Dinsmore, American, April 21. 1918.
Garros, Roland. French, killed in action Oct.
5. 1918.
Geigel, Lieut., German, killed in battle; re-
ported May 13, 1918.
Genet. Edmond C. C.. American, April 16.
1917.
Gilbert, Eugene, French, accidentally killed
May 17. 1918.
Goad, Lieut. John M.. American, killed in com-
bat June 20. 1918.
Goettler. Lieut. Harold. American, killed in
battle. Oct. 6, 1918.
Grisard. Lieut. John, American, in France.
May 1, 1918; accident.
Gundelach, Lieut. Andre H.. American, killed
in action Sept. 12, 1918.
Guynemer. Capt. Georges, French. Sept. 11.
1917.
Hall. Capt. James Norman. American, May 6.
1918: missing after fight inside German
lines.
Hirth. Lieut. F. K.. American, killed in battle.
July 16. 1918.
Hobbs, Warren T., American, killed in France
by antiaircraft shell, June 26, 1918.
Hoehndorff, Lieut. Walter. German, Sept. 13.
1917.
Hollingsworth. Lieut. Frank E., American.
killed in battle: reported Oct. 30, 1918.
Hoskier. Corporal Ronald, American, April 23.
1917.
Houdek. Sergt. George. American. Jan. 4,.
1918.
Hough. Frederick W., American, March 13.
1918: accident.
Huraenio, Lieut. S.. American, in England.
April 3. 1918.
Ingersoll, First Lieut. Clayton E., American.
killed by accident in France; reported May
1, 1918.
Jones, Lieut. Eugene B.. American, killed in.
battle Sept. 13. 1918.
Jordan, Lieut. Marcus A.. American, reported
March 29: accident.
Karl, Prince Friedrich, German, March 22.
1917
Kiss, Lieut., Austrian, killed in combat; re-
ported May 27, 1918.
Kobayaski, Sergt., Japanese, killed in battle in
France; reported June 21, 1918.
Lawrence. Lieut. Edgar A.. American, killed .
in action June 4. 1918.
Lloyd. Richard E., American, killed in accident.
in France: reported July 26. 1918.
Lufbery, Maj. Raoul, American, killed in bat-
tle. May 19, 1918.
Macklin, Lieut. Charles G., Kenilworth. Ameri-
can; missing May 30, 1918.
McConnell. Sergt. James R., American, March
17. 1917.
McCormick. Lieut. Alexander A., Jr.. Amer-
ican, in combat, Sept. 24. 1918.
McCudden, Maj. James B.. British, killed in.
accident on French coast, July 9. 1918.
McMonagle. Sergt. Douglas. American. Sept.
24. 1917.
Marquardt, Lieut. James C.. American, killed.
in France. April 24. 1918: accident.
Middleditch, Lieut. George O., American; re-
ported March 21, 1918.
Mieffre, Capt. French, killed in action. May 8.
1918.
Miller. Lieut. Walter B., American, killed in.
combat. Aug. 3. 1918.
Misenhimer. Lieut. W. Kay, American, ty ac-
cident, in England: reported Sept. 13. 1918.
Mitchel. John Purroy. American, near Lake-
Charles. La.. July 0, 1918.
Mueller, Max, German, Jan. 15, 1918.
Nathan, Lieut. T. Cushman. American, in
France. March 23. 1918.
Nichols, Alan, American, died from wounds
received in air battle: death reported June-
13. 1918.
Norton, Lieut. Fred. American, died from
wounds received in battle, Aug. 17. Ifii s.
O'Loughlin, Lieut. George O., American, killed
in accident in France; reported June 29.
1918.
Orr. Lieut. Edward. American. Sept. 14. 1918.
Ortmayer. Andrew C., American, reported
March 16, 1918.
Ovington. Lieut. Carter L., American, killed
in combat. May 29. 1918.
Pavelka. Sergt. Paul, American, in Macedonia.
Nov. 12. 1917: accident.
Perry, Ensign Lloyd A.. U. S. N. R., lulled in>
seaplane accident in France. April 12, 1918.
Poague. Lieut. Walter S.. American, killed in.
accident at Azores: reported Nov. 8, 1918.
Potter, Ensign Stephen. American, killed ia.
u..ttle over North sea. April "5. 1918.
558
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
Preston, Lieut. H. W., American, in England,
May 14. 1918.
Prince, Adjt. Norman, American, Oct. 15,
1916.
Putnam, David E., American, killed in air bat-
tle. Sept. 18. 1918.
<2uette. Adjt.. French, missing. June 5, 1918.
Read. Curtis S.. American. Feb. 28, 1918.
Reinhard. Capt.. German. July 16, 1918.
Resnati, Capt. Antonio. Italian, killed in acci-
dent at Mineola. N. Y.. May 17.
Richthofen, Baron von, German, leading Ger-
man "ace," killed in battle, April 21, 1918.
Robbens, Lieut. William D., American, killed
in accident in France. July 5, 1918.
Robinson, Lieut. William, British. April 5.
1917.
Rockwell, Lieut. Kiffin Yates, American. Sept.
23. 1916.
Roosevelt. Lieut. Quentin, American, killed in
battle at Chateau Thierry. France. July 14,
1918.
Saxon, Harold. American, reported missing1.
June 13. 1918.
Spencer, Dumaresku, American, Jan. 22, 1918.
•Sprague, Ensign William G.. American, killed
in seaplane accident in France, Nov. 1, 191b.
Sturtevant. Ensign Albert O., American, re-
ported Feb. 18. 1918.
Tailer, William S., American. Feb. 4. 1918.
Thaw, Lieut. Blair. American. Aug. 18, 1918.
Thierry. Lieut.. Belgian, Feb. 23, 1918.
Thomas, Gerald P., American, killed in air
battle, Aug. 23, 1918.
Thompson, Lieut. William A., American, July
19. 1918.
Tonnay-Charente. Lieut. Prince de. French
(missing). March 20. 1918.
Velie, Harry Glenn. American, March 15, 1918.
Verdier. Lieut. Louis, French, killed in action.
Aug. 23. 1918.
Vertongen, Rene, Belgian. Feb. 4, 1918.
Vosse, Lieut., German, Sept. 3. 1917.
Walcott. Corporal Stuart. American, Dec. 12,
1917.
Weddell, Thomas McMillan, American, killed
in accident in France, July 1, 1918.
West, Lieut. George O., American, killed in
battle, Oct. 10. 1918.
Wilford, Second Lieutenant John, American.
killed in accident in France, July 5, 1918.
Winter, Wallace, American, killed in France.
March 8. 1918.
Wohl, Lieut. Benjamin, American, killed in
accident in France: reported Oct. 28, 1918.
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF DEFENSE REPORT.
The second annual report of the council of
national defense, composed of the secretaries
of war. navy, interior, agriculture, commerce
and labor, made public Dec. 4. 1918. by Gros-
venor B. Clarkson. acting director in reviewing
the story of the work of the council during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918. tells also
the story of a very large part of the govern-
ment's activities in the war of a nonmilitary
•character. Particularly is this true of the
transition period included in the first six or
-eight months of the war. during which the
initial mobilization of the country's industrial
.and commercial resources took place. The
present report becomes, therefore, an im-
portant contribution to the official records of
The report was made by W. S. Gifford. di-
Tector of the council- until Nov. 1. last, to the
secretary of war. as chairman, to be trans-
mitted by him to the president for submis-
sion to congress. At the end of the period
covered by the report, Mr. Gifford points out.
the work of initial mobilization, the main
task which the council undertook in the emer-
igency. was largely completed. The council set
out to act as a connecting link between the
nation in its normal state and the nation as
a machine for making war. The transition
period past, the council's role as a main link
in the war government naturally became less
active, though it continued to perform func-
tions . of a most vital and necessary nature,
especially through the great council of defense
system, made up of state, county, municipal
and community organizations, reaching prac-
tically every hamlet in the country.
Nucleus for New Bodies.
A perusal of the report shows that the
council served as a nucleus for innumerable
new functions and relations which the wajp
made necessary and for which no administra-
tive agency existed at the outbreak of the
conflict. Some of these after being initiated
and partially developed by the council were
passed on to existing- executive departments:
for some the council created new agencies,
.either acting under its jurisdiction or given
separate jurisdiction by executive order or
congressional act.
Perhaps the best example of the latter case
"was the war industries board, whose work
•was begun by and developed by the council
.and which was separated from it only on
May 28 last. Other tasks which received their
initial impulse from the council were: The
food conservation program, aircraft program,
•war-labor administration, housing and many
Unctions supplementary to those of the reg-
ular departments, such as those involved in
the storage, shipping, transportation, fuel and
medical problems.
The director's report points out that in the
act creating the council congress has included
among its duties "the creation of relations
which will render possible in time of need the
immediate concentration and utilization of the
resources of the nation." This phrase, "the
creation of relations," expresses the main
contribution of the council to the winning of
the war. "It has been through the perform-
ance of the duty thus defined," the director
says, "and liberally interpreted in the light of
a great national emergency, that the council
has performed its most important service dur-
ing the year just past. In a sense the council
has served as a great administrative labora-
tory through which new plans and new and
necessary functions cou d be initiated and de-
veloped, and. where effective action demanded,
passed on to permanent or. emergency execu-
tive agencies of the government."
In saying that the date of the formal sepa-
ration of the war industries board from the
council of national defense marked the vir-
tual end of the council's task in planning
emergency machinery to meet new war lunc-
ticrs, the director points out that this in no
way diminishes the usefulness of the work
which remains under the council's organiza-
tion.
Mobilised Resources.
The report emphasizes that in mobilizing
America's material resources for the govern-
ment the council has at the same time been
vitally concerned in the mobilization of the
national spirit. In the effort the council has
been aided particularly by the organizations
under the state councils section with its state,
county, municipal and community councils,
numbering well over 100,000 at the date of
the report. Through these local agencies act-
ing with the local agencies of the woman 3
committee of the council, the government has
been able to bring home to every section of
the country in a way possible only to local
agencies the meaning of its policies and the
opportunities for individual service in the war.
The other branches of the council still active
at the date of the report were the committee
on labor, committee on engineering and edu-
cation, medical section and general medical
board, highways transport committee, national
research council acting- as the department of
science and research of the council, and. the
naval consulting board, acting- as a committee
on inventions.
The report is divided into three sections, the
first dealing with the history of the branches
of the council still under its jurisdiction, the
second with the war industries board up to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
559
May 28, the date of its separation from the
council, which, of course, includes much of
its most significant work, and finally the story
of the agencies dissolved or transferred to
other jurisdiction during the year. Among
the latter is the highly impressive story of
the commercial economy board, transferred in
May to become the conservation division of
the war industries board. Almost the whole
story of commercial conservation in the Unit-
ed States is summed up in the report of the
commercial economy board.
In the history of the war industries board
is summarized the government's policy in
meeting the tremendous demand of the gov-
ernment departments for steel, copper, lead,
tin. for finished products of all kinds and the
way that they were met; the story of the
transference of plants from peace to war
work; the story of the transformation under
war conditions of the government's purchas-
ing policy, and the initial development of a
general industrial policy.
Development of Price Fixing
Particularly valuable from the historical
point, of view, as well as that of immediate
interest, is a record of the development of
price fixing, which had its beginnings in the
early days of the council of national defense
with informal voluntary agreements on prices
negotiated between representatives of industry
and members of the advisory commission and
of the council staff. The report reviews the
story of the way in which these informal
agreements with nothing but voluntary co-
operation to bind them developed finally into
a definite price fixing organization under the
war industries board.
From similar modest beginnings the original
first attempts at regulating priorities through
voluntary co-operation developed into the ex-
isting large priorities organization, which at
the time of the date of the report was issu-
ing hundreds of orders with binding1 power
behind them.
The Committee on Labor.
Much space is given to the work of the
large committee on labor, with its many sub-
divisions, which assumed so significant a place
in government activities in maintaining the
hearty co-operation of the labor movement
with national war policies. Among the spe-
cific accomplishments of the committee was
the initiation of the soldiers' and sailors' war
insurance plan, later turned over to the treas-
ury department for administration. An ac-
count is also given of the council's part in
developing a plan for war labor administra-
tion, turned over by the president to the
jurisdiction of the secretary of labor.
The report reviews the work of the com-
mittee on transportation and communication,
which organized the voluntary railroad ad-
ministrative organization in effect prior to the
creation of the United States railroad adminis-
tration. The council undertook much work
in drawing together for the purposes of the
war the railroads, the waterways and national
highways. The individual report of the high-
ways transport committee tells of the pioneer
work done in developing of motor truck routes
to relieve congested railroads and a report
is also included of the inland waterways
transportation committee of the council.
National Eesearch Council.
"Special acknowledgment," the report says,
"should be made of the valuable activities of
the national research council, which has
served as a department of the council of na-
tional defense, mobilizing and directing the
research work of the country's scientific men.
Its work has been invaluable in giving the
government war agencies the benefit of sci-
entific research, both directly and indirectly
applicable to the purposes of the war."
In reviewing the first steps toward industrial
mobilization the report states:
"From the outset the purpose of the coun-
cil and the subordinate committees of the coun-
cil was to offer a channel through which the
voluntary efforts of American industrial and
professional life could be focused. The story
of the way in which the 'members of these
committees, practically all of them serving
without compensation, rallied to aid in the
common cause and the extent of the practical
accomplishment of their voluntary service has
probably not been equaled anywhere. The
general spirit underlying these original com-
mittees was fundamentally that of business or-
ganizing itself in aid of the government.
Lack of time for complete organization by
industry made impossible the formal election
of the members of these committees by the
industries which they represented. In choos-
ing the membership the council sought for a
representation from the industry as wide as
practicable."
Results of the Plan.
It is probable that at this particular stage
in the progress of the war no plan could have
produced such effectual results in so brief
a time as this voluntary system was able to
show. The natural processes of administra-
tive evolution gradually eliminated the old
large committee system in the case of the
industrial committees and substituted for it a
closely knit scheme of sections under the gen-
eral head of the war industries board, in
which each section head had general authority
over dealings with the industry with which he
was particularly familiar. At the same time
the industries of the country were rapidly
organizing to assist the government in carry-
ing on the w.ar and were creating representa-
tive war service committees of their own. thus
simplifying and strengthening- the method of
co-operation of business with the government.
LARGEST SEAPLANE IN THE WORLD.
All records for the number of passengers
carried in any type of airplane were broken on
Wednesday. Nov. 27. at the naval air station,
Rockaway. when the navy's newest type sea-
plane the giant NC-1, the largest seaplane in
the world, made a flight with fifty men on
The' pilot was Lieut. David H. McCullough
of the naval reserve flying corps, and the flight
was made to demonstrate the enormous lifting
power of the latest model of bomb carrying
seaplanes. No special modifications were made
for this test flight, most of the fifty men be-
ing accommodated in the large boat body.
The design and the construction of the NC-1,
with its triple motors, huge size, and other
distinctive features, was carried out by the
navy in co-operation •with the Curtiss Engineer-
ing corporation. It was not specifically, a fly-
ing boat nor was it of the pontoon variety of
seaplane, but combined the most valuable ad-
vantages of both, its size and purpose bein?
considered. While it was entirely n°w ;>nd
original in type, the NC-1 incorporated proved
essentials in aircraft construction and even
before it was tested was regarded in naval
circles as a preinsured success rather than as
an experiment.
This was the first American trimotored sea-
plane, being propelled by three Liberty motors
that develop a maximum of 1,200 horse
power, giving1 it a cruising speed of eighty
miles an hour. The flying weight of the ma-
chine was 22,000 pounds, while the weight of
the seaplane itself, unloaded and without a
crew, was 13,000 pounds.
An idea of the size of the big seaplane is
shown by the fact that the wins: spread is
126 feet, the breadth of wing- 12 feet and the
gap between wings 12 feet.
Late in 1918 the NC-1 made the trip from
Roekaway to Washington, about 350 miles, in
5 hours and 20 minutes. The flight from
Washington to Hampton roads. 150 miles, was
covered in 2 hours and 15 minutes, and the
trin from Hampton roads to New York. 300
miles, took 4 hours and 20 minutes.
560
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
OPERATIONS OF AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
Copni^it, I linrf.ntt
GEN. J. J. PERSHING.
Copyright, H«rri» i Ewing.
LIEUT. -GEX. R. L.
BULLARD.
Cop.TTijht, Hurii i Ewing.
LIEUT. -GEN. H.
LIGGETT.
The following- report made by Gen. Pershing
on Nov. 20. 1918. to Secretary of War Baker
is a document of great historical importance,
and hence is reproduced in full. It gives the
first comprehensive outlin3 of the work of the
American soldiers in France at the most crit-
ical period of the war. and makes public many
detai's withhe'd by the censorship from gen-
eral knowledge.
"Nov. 20. 1918.— My Dear Mr. Secretary: In
response to your reauest. I have the honor to
submit this brief summary of the organiza-
tion and- operations of the American expedi-
tionary force from May 26. 1917. until the
signing- of the armistice, Nov. 11. 1918:
"Pursuant to your instructions, immediately
upon receiving- my orders I selected a small
staff and proceeded to Europe in order to be-
come familiar with conditions at the earliest
possible moment. The warmth of our re-
ception in England and France was only
equaled by the readiness of the commanders
in chief of the veteran armies of the allies
and their staffs to place their experience
at our disposal. In consultation with them
the most effective means of co-operation of
effort was considered. With French and Brit-
ish armies at their maximum strength, and
all efforts to dispossess the enemy from
his firmly intrenched positions in Belgium
and France failed, it was necessary to plan
for an American force adequate to turn the
scale in favor of the allies. Taking ac-
count of the strensrth of the central powers at
that time, the immensity of the problem wh'ch
confronted us could hardly be overeeti mated.
The first requisite b^imr an organization that
could give intelligent direction to effort, the
formation of a general staff occupied my early
attention.
General Staff,
"A. well organized general staff through
•which the commander exercises his functions is
essential to a successful modern army. How-
ever capable our divisions, our battalions rnd
our companies as such, success would be im-
possible without thoroughly co-ordinated en-
deavor. A general staff broadly org-amzed and
trained for war had not hitherto existed in our
army. Under the commander in chief, this
staff must carry out the policy and direct the
details of admin:st-ation. supply, preparation
and operations of the army as a whole, with
all special branches and bureaus subject to its
control. Aa models to aid us we had the vet-
eran French general staff aJid the experience of
the British, who had similarly formed an or-
ganization to meet the demands of a (Treat
army. By selecting from each the features
best adapted to our basic organization, and
fortified by our own early experience in the
war. the development of our great general
staff system was completed.
"Th<» eren«rnl staff is naturally divided into
five groups, each with its chief, who is an as-
sistant to the chief of the general staff. G. 1 is
in charge of orsr?>nization and equipment of
troop? replacements, tonnafre. priority of over-
seas shipment, the auxiliary welfare associa-
tion and coemate subjects: G. 2 has censorship,
enemy intelligence. Catherine- and dfsseminatimr
information, preparation of mans and all simi-
lar subjects: G. 3 is charted with all strategic
studies and plans, movement of troops and
the supervision of combat operations- G 4 co-
ordinates important questions of supply con-
struction, transport arrangements for combat
and of the operations of the service of supply
and of hospitalization and the evacuation of
the sick and wounded: G. 5 supervises the
various schools and has general direction and
co-ordination of education and training.
"The first chief of staff was Col. (now Maj.-
Gen.) James G. Harbord, who was succeeded in
March. «1918. by MaJ.-Gen. James W. MoAn-
drew. To these officers, to the deputy chief of
staff, and to the assistant chiefs of staff, who.
as heads of sections, aided them, great credit
is due for the results obtained not only in
perfecting the general staff organization but
in applying- correct principles to the multiplic-
ity of problems that have arisen.
Organization and Training.
"After a thorough consideration of allied or-
ganizations it was decided that our combat
division should consist of four regiments of
infantry of 3.000 men. with three batta.ions
to a regiment and four companies of 250 men
each to a battali9n. and of an artillery bri-
gade of three regiments, a machine gun bat-
talion, an engineer resrim^nt. a trench mortar
battery, a sienal battalion, wagon trains, and
the headonarters staffs and military police.
These, with medical and other units, made a
total of over 28.000 men. or practically double
the size of a French or German division.
Each corps would normally consist of six di-
visions— four combat and one depot and one
replacement division — and also two regiments
of cavalry, and each army of from three to
five corps. With four divisions fully trained,
a corps could take over an American sector
with two divisions in line and two i_n reserve,
with the depot and replacement divisions pre-
pared to fi!l the paps in the ranks.
"Our purpose was to prepare an integral
American force which should be able to take
the offensive in every respect. Accordingly,
the development of a self-reliant infantry by
thorough drill in the use of the rifle and in
the tactics of open warfare was always upper-
most. The plan of traininsr after arrival in
France allowed a division one month for ac-
climatization and instruction in- small units
from battalions down, a second month in quiet
trench sectors by battalion, and a third month
after it came out of the trenches when it
should be trained as a complete division in
war of movement.
"Very early a system of schools was out-
lined and started which should have the ad-
vantage of instruction by officers direct from
the front. At the ereat school center at Lan-
gres. one of the first to be organized, was
the staff school, where the principles of gen-
eral staff work as laid down in our own or-
ganization were taught to carefully selected
officers. Men in the ranks who had shown
qualities of leadership were sent to the school
of candidates lor commissions. A sohool .of
the line taught youneer officers the prin-
ciples of leadership, tactics and the use oi
ALMANAC AKD YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
561
Clinedlnlt Photo.
MAJ.-GEN. J. T.
DICKMAN.
Am. Press Association.
MAJ.-GEN. E. F.
GLENN.
Copyright, Hirris t Eving
MAJ.-GEN. J. A.
LEJEUNE.
MAJ.-GEN. C. H.
MUIR.
the different •weapons. In the artillery school,
at Saumur. young1 officers were taught the
fundamental principles of modern artillery:
while at Issoudun an immense plant was built
for training cadets in aviation. These and
other schools, with their well considered cur-
riculums for training' in every branch of our
org-anization. were co-ordinated in a manner
best to develop an efficient army out of will-
ing1 and industrious young men. many of
whom had not before known even the rudi-
ments of military technique. Both Marshal
Haig- and Gen. Petain placed officers and men
at our disposal for instructional purposes, and
we are deeply indebted for the opportunities
given to profit by their veteran experience.
American Zone.
"The eventual place the American army
should take on the western front was to a
large extent influenced by the vital questions
of communication and suppiy. The northern
ports of France were crowded by the British
armies' shipping- and supplies, while the south-
ern ports, though otherwise at our service,
had not adequate port facilities for our Pur-
poses, and these we should have to build. The
already overtaxed railway system behind the
active front in northern France would not be
available for us as lines of supply and those
leading- from the southern ports of northeast-
ern France would be unequal to our needs
without much new construction. Practically
all warehouses, supply depots and regulating
stations must be provided by fresh construc-
tions. While France offered us such material
as she had to spare after a drain of three
years, enormous quantities of material had to
be brought across the Atlantic.
"With such a problem any temporization or
lack of definiteness in making- plans might
cause failure even with victory within our
grasp. Moreover, broad plans commensurate
with our national purpose and resources would
bring1 conviction of our power to every soldier
in the front line, to the nations associated
with us in the war, a»d to the enemy. The
tonnage for material for necessary construction
for the supply of an army of three and per-
haps four million men wpu'd require a mam-
moth program of shipbuilding- at home.- and
miles of dock construction in France, with a
correspondingly large project for additional
railways and for storag-e depots.
"All these considerations led to the inevitable
conclusion that if we were to handle and sup-
ply the great forces deemed essential to win
the war we must utilize the southern ports of
France — Bordeaux. La Palliee. St. Xazaire and
Brest — and the comparatively unused railway
systems leadinsr therefrom to the northeast.
Generally speakintr. then, this would contem-
plate the use of our forces against the enemy
somewhere in that direction, but the great
depots of supply must be centrally located.
greferablv in the area included by Tours,
onnres and Ch?t«>aiiroux. so that our armies
could be supplied with eatial facility wherever
they might be serving on the western front.
Growth of the Service of SuppJy.
"To build up =uoh P srst»m there were tal-
ented men in the regular army, but more ex-
perts were necessary than the army could fur-
nish. Thanks to the patriotic spirit of our
people at home, there came from civil life
men trained for every sort of work involved
in building and managing- the organization
necessary to handle and transport euch am
army and keep it supplied. With such assist-
ance the construction and general development
of our Plans have kept pace with the growth,
of the forces, and the service of supply is now-
able fro discharge from ships and move 45.000
tons daily, besides transporting- troops and ma-
terial in the conduct of active operations.
"As to organization, all the administrative
and, supply services, except the adjutant-gen-
erals, inspector-general's and judge-advocate
general's departments which remain at general
headquarters, have been transferred to the
headquarters of the services of supplies at
Tours under a commanding- general responsi-
ble to the* commander in chief for supply of
the armies. The chief quartermaster, chief
surgeon, chief siirnal officer, chief of ordnance,
chief of air service, chief of chemical warfare,
the fireneral purchasing- agent in all that per-
tains to questions of procurement and supply.
the provost marshal general in the mainte-
nance of order in general, the director general
of transportation in all that affects such mat-
ters, and the chief engineer in all matters of
administration and supply, are subordinate to>
the commanding- general of the service of sup-
ply, who, assisted by a staff especially organ-
ized for the purpose, is charged with the ad-
ministrative co-ordination of all these services.
"The transportation department under the
service of supply directs the operation, mainte-
nance and construction of railways, the opera-
tion of terminals, the unloading- of ships and
transportation of material to warehouses or
to the. front. Its functions make necessary the
most intimate relationship between our org-ani-
zation and that of the French, with the prac-
tical result that our transportation depart-
ment has been able to improve materially the
operations of railways generally. Constantly
laboring- under a shortage of rolling- stock, the
transportation department has nevertheless
been able by efficient management to meet
erery_ emergency.
"The engineer corps is charged with all con-
struction, including light railways and roads.
It has planned and constructed the many proj-
ects required, the most important of which are
the new wharves at Bordeaux and Nantes, and
the immense storage depots at La Palliee. Mon-
toir and Vievres. besides innumerable hospi-
tals and barracks in various ports of France.
These projects have all been carried on by
phases keeping- pace with our needs. The
forestry service under the engineer corps has
cut the greater part of the timber and railway
ties required.
"To meet the shortage of supplies from
America, due to lack of shipping-, the repre-
sentatives of the different supply departments
were constantly in search of available ma-
terial and supplies in Europe. In order to>
co-ordinate these purchases and to prevent
competition between our departments, a gen-
eral purchasing agency was created early in
our experience to co-ordinate our purchases
and. if possible, induce our allies to anply the
principle among- the allied armies. While there
was no authority for the general use of ap-
ALMANAC AND YKAR-BOOK FOR 1919
Copyright, Harris & Ewing.
MAJ.-GEN. WILLIAM
R. SMITH.
Copyright, Underwood & Undent
MAJ.-GBN. C. T.
MENOHER.
N. V. Herald Service.
MAJ.-GEN. JOHN F.
O'RYAN.
t'opyright, Harris & Swing.
MAJ.-GEN. H. F.
HODGES.
propriations. this was met by grouping the
purchasing representatives of the different o<
partments under one control, charged with ir
duty of consolidating requisitions and pur-
chases. Our efforts to extend the principle
have been signally successful, and all pur-
chases for the allied armies are now on an
equitable and co-operative basis. Indeed, it
may be said that the work of this bureau has
been thoroughly efficient and businesslike.
Artillery, Airplanes and Tanks.
"Our entry into the war found us with few
of the auxiliaries necessary for its conduct in
the modern sense. Among our most important
deficiencies in material were artillery, aviation
and tanks. In order to meet our requirements
as rapidly as possible, we accepted the offer
of the French government to provide us with
the necessary artillery equipment of Tos, 155
millimeter howitzers and 155 G. P. F.. guns
from their own factories for thirty divisions.
The wisdom of this course is fully demon-
strated by the fact that, although we soon
began the manufacture of these classes of
guns at home, there were no guns of the cali-
bers mentioned manufactured in America on
our front at the date the armistice was
signed. The only guns of these types produced
at home thus far received in France are 109
75 millimeter guns.
"In aviation we were in the same situation,
and here again the French government came
to our aid until our own aviation program
should be under way. We obtained from the
French the necessary planes for training our
personnel, and they have provided .us with
a total of 2,676 pursuit, observation and
bombing planes. The first airplanes received
from home arrived in May. and alt9gether we
have received 1.379. The first American squad-
ron completely equipped by American produc-
tion, including airplanes, crossed the German
lines on Aug. 7. 1918. As to tanks, we were
also compelled to rely upon the French. Here,
however, we were less fortunate, for the rea-
son that the French production could barely
meet the reauirements of their own armies.
"It should be fully realized that the French
government has always taken a most liberal
attitudewand has been most anxious to give us
everjjKjpossible assistance in meeting our de-
ficiencies in these as well as in other re-
epects. Our dependence upon France for ar-
tillery, aviation and tanks was. of course,
due to the fact that our industries had not
been exclusively devoted to military produc-
tion. All credit is due our own manufactur-
ers for their efforts to meet our requirements,
as at the time the armistice was signed .we
were able to look forward to the early supply
of practically all our necessities from our
own factories.
"The welfare of the troops touches my re-
sponsibility as commander in chief to the
mothers and fathers and kindred of the men
who came to France in the impressionable
period of youth. They could not have the
privilege accorded European soldiers during
their periods of leave of visiting their fam-
ilies and renewing their home ties. Fully
realizing thnt the standard of conduct that
ehovild be established, for them must have a
permanent influence in their lives and on the
character of their future citizenship, the Red
Cross, the Young Men's Christian association.
Knights of Columbus, the Salvation Army and
the Jewish welfare board, as auxiliaries in
this work, were encouraged in every possible
way. The fact that our soldiers, in a land of
different customs and language, have borne
themselves in a manner in keeping with the
cause for which they fought is due not only
to the efforts in their behalf but much more
to their high ideals, their discipline and their
innate sense of self-respect. It should be re-
corded, however, that the members of these
welfare societies have been untiring in their
desire to be of real service to our officers and
men. The patriotic devotion of these repre-
sentative men and women has given a new sig-
nificance to the golden rule, and we owe to
them a debt of gratitude that can never be
repaid.
Combat Operations.
"During our periods of training in the
trenches some of our divisions had engaged
the enemy in local co.mbats, the most impor-
tant of which was 'Seicheprey by the 26th on
April 20, in the Toul sector, but none had
participated in action as a unit. The 1st di-
vision, which had passed through the pre-
liminary stages of training, had gone to the
trenches for its first period of instruction
at the end of October and by March 21. when
the Germa.n offensive in Picardy began, we
had four divisions with experience in the
trenches, all of which were equal to any de-
mands of battle action. The crisis which this
offensive developed was such that our occu-
pation of an American sector must be post-
P(^bn' March 28 (1918) I placed at the dis-
posal of Marshal Foch. who had been agreed
upon as commander in chief of the allied
armies, all of our forces to be used as he
might decide. At his request the 1st di-
vision was transferred from the Toul sector
to a position in reserve at Chaumont en Vexin.
As German superiority in numbers required
prompt action, an agreement was reached at
the Abbeville conference of the allied premiers
and commanders and myself on May 2, by
which British shipping was to transport ten
American divisions to the British army area,
where they were to be trained and equipped,
and additional British shipping was to be
provided for as many divisions as possible for
use elsewhere.
"On April 26 the 1st division had gone into
the line in the Montdidier salient on the Pic-
ardy battle front. Tactics had been sudden-
ly revolutionized to those of open warfare,
and our men, confident of the results of
their training, were eager for the test. On
the morning of May 28. this division attacked
the commanding German position in its front,
taking with splendid dash the town of Can-
tigny and all other objectives, which were
organized and held steadfastly against vicious
counterattacks and galling artillery fire. Al-
though local, this brilliant action had an elec-
trical effect, as it demonstrated our fighting
qualities under extreme battle conditions, and
also that the enemy's troops were not alto-
gethfr invincible.
"The Germans' Aisne offensive, which began
on May 27, had advanced rapidly toward the
River Marne and Paris, and the allies faced
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
563
Western Newspaper Union
MAJ.-GEN. W. G.
HAAN.
Copyright, Harris & Ewing.
MAJ.-GEN. C. R.
EDWARDS.
a crisis equally grave as that of the Picardy
offensive in March. Again every available
man was placed at Marshal Foch's disposal,
and the 3d division, which had just come
from its preliminary training: in the trenches,
was hurried to the Marne. Its motorized ma-
chine gun battalion preceded the other unus
and successfully held the bridgehead at the
Marne, opposite Chateau Thierry, The 2d di-
rision, in reserve near Montdidier, was sent
by motor trucks and other available trans-
port to check the progress of the enemy
toward Paris. The division attacked and re-
took the town and railroad station at Bou-
resches and sturdily held its ground against the
enemy's best guard divisions. In the battle 01
Belleau wood, which followed, our men proved
their superiority and gained a strong tactical
position, with far greater loss to the enemy
than to ourselves. On July 1, before the 2d
was relieved, it captured the village of Vaux
with most splendid precision.
"Meanwhile our 2d corps, under Maj.-Gen.
George W. Read, had been organized for the
command of our divisions with the British.
which were held back in training areas or as-
signed to second line defenses. Five of the
ten divisions were withdrawn from the British
area in June, three to relieve divisions in Lor-
raine and the Vosges and two to the Paris
area to join the BTOUP of Amejican divisions
which stood between the city and any farther
advance of the enemy in that direction.
"The great June-July troop movement from
the States was well under way, and although
these troops were to be given some prelimi-
nary training before being: put into action,
their very presence warranted the use of all
the older divisions in the confidence that we
did not lack reserves. Elements of the 42d
division were in the line east of Reims against
the German offensive of July 15. and held
their ground unflinchingly. On. the ris-ht fl'ink
of this offensive four companies of the 28th
division were in position in face of the advanc-
ing waves of the German infantry. The 3d
division was holding the bank of the Marne
from the bend east of "the mouth of the Sur-
melin to the west of Mezy. opposite Chateau
Thierry, where a large force of Germwi in-
fantry sought to force a passage under sup-
port of powerful artillery concentrations and
under cover of smoke screens. A single regi-
ment of the 3d wrote one of the most brilliant
pages in our military annals on this occasion.
It prevented the crossing at certain points on
its front while, on either flank, the Germans.
who had gained a footing, pressed forward.
Our men. firing in three directions, met the
German attacks with counterattacks at critical
points and succeeded in throwing two German
divisions into complete confusion, capturing
600 prisoners.
"The great force of the German Chateau
Thierry offensive established the deep Marne
salient, but the enemy was taking chances, and
the vulnerability of this pocket to attack
might be turned to his disadvantage. Seizing
this opportunity to support my conviction,
every division with any sort of training was
made available for use in a counterofffn=ivo.
The place of honor in the thrust toward Sois-
sons on July 18 was given to our 1st and xa
divisions in company with chosen French di-
Copjrijht, Harris & Ewing.
MAJ.-GEN. GEO. B.
DUNCAN.
Cllnedinst Photo.
MAJ.-GEN. OMAR
BUNDY.
visions. Without the usual brief warning of a
preliminary bombardment, the massed French,
and American artillery, firing by the map.
laid down its rolling barrage at dawn
while the infantry began its charge. The
tactical handling of our troops under these
trying conditions was excellent throughout
the action. The enemy brought up large
numbers of reserves and made a stubborn de-
fense both with machine guns and artillery,
but through five days' fighting the 1st division
continued to advance until it had gained the
heights above Soissons. and captured the vil-
lage of Berzy-le-Sec. The 2d division took
Beaurepaire farm and Vierzy in a very rapid
advance and reached a position in front of
Tigny at the end of its second day. These two
divisions captured 7.000 prisoners and over
100 pieces of artillery.
"The 26th division, which, with a French di-
vision, was under command of our 1st corps,
acted as a pivot of the movement toward Sois-
sons. On the 18th it took the village of
Torcy. while the 3d division was crossing the
Marne in pursuit of tho retiring enemy. The
26th attacked again on the 21st. and the en-
emy withdrew past the Chateau Thierry-Sois-
sons road. The 3d division, continuing its
progress, took the heights of Mont St. Pere
and the villages of Charteves and Jaulgonne
in the face of both machine gun and artillery
fire.
• On the 24th, after the Germans had fallen
back from Trugny and Epieds. our 42d divi-
sion, which had been brought over from the
Champagne, relieved the 26th and, fighting its
way through the Foret de Fere, overwhelmed
the nest of machine guns in its path. By the
27th it had reached the Ourcq, whence the
3d and 4th divisions were already advancing,
while the French divisions with which we
were co-operating were moving forward at
other points.
"The 3d division had made its advance into
Roncheres wood on the 29th and was relieved
for rest by a brigar"a of the 32d. The 42d
and 32d undertook the task of conquering the
heights beyond Cierges, the 42d capturing
Sergy and the 32d capturing Hill 230, both
American divisions joining in the pursuit of
the enemy to the Vesle. and thus the opera-
tion of reducing the salient was finished.
Meanwhile the 42d was relieved by the 4th
at Chery-Chartreuve and the 32d by the 28th,
while the 77th division took up a position on
the Vesle. The operations of these division*
on the Vesle were under the 3d corps, Mai.-
Gen. Robert L. Bullard commanding.
Battle of St. Mfhiel.
"With the reduction of the Marne salient we
could look forward to the concentration of
our divisions in our own zone. In view of
the forthcoming operation against the St.
Mihiel salient, which had long been planned
as our first offensive action on a large scale,
the 1st army was organized on Aug. 10 under
my personal command. While American units
had held different divisional and corps sectors
along the western front, there had not been
up to this time, for obvious reasons, a dis-
tinct American sector: but, in view of the im-
portant parts the American forces were now
to play, it was necessary to take over a per-
564
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Copjr'.Rht. Harru&Ewing.
MAJ.-GEN. G. W.
BEAD.
Copyright, Harris ft Ewinr.
MAJ.-GEN. JOSEPH
H. KUHN.
manent portion of the line. Accordingly, on
Augr. 30 the line beginning- at Port sur Seme,
east of the Moselle and extending1 to the west
through St. Mihiel, thence north to a point op-
posite Verdun, was placed under my command.
The American sector was afterward extended
across the Meuse to the western edge of the
Argonne forest, and included the 2d colonial
French, which held the point of the salient.
and the 17th French corps, which occupied
the heights above Verdun.
"The preparation for a complicated operation
against the formidable defenses in front of us
included the assembling1 of divisions and of
corps and army artillery, transport, aircraft,
tanks, ambulances, the location of hospitals
and the molding- together of all of the ele-
ments of a great modern army with its own
railheads, supplied directly by our own serv-
ice of supply. The concentration for this op-
eration, which was to be a surprise, involved
the movement, mostly at night, of approxi-
mately 600,000 troops, and required for its
success the most careful attention to every
detail.
"The French -were generous in Riving- us as-
sistance in corps and army artillery, with its
personnel, and we were confident from the
start of our superiority over the enemy in
guns of all calibers. Our heavy guns were
able to reach Metz and to interfere seriously
with 'German rail movements. The French
independent air force was placed under my
command, which, together with the British
bombing squadrons and our air forces, gave
us the largest assembly of aviation that had
ever been engaged in one operation on the
•western front.
"From Les Eparges around the nose of the
salient at St. Mihiel to the Moselle river the
line was roughly forty miles long and situated
on commanding ground greatly strengthened
by artificial defenses. Our 1st corps (82d4
90th. 5th and 2d divisions), under command
of Maj.-Gen. Hunter Liggett, restrung its
right, on Pont-a-Mousson, with its left joining
our 3d corps (the 89th, 42d and 1st divi-
sions), under Maj.-Gen. Joseph T. Dick-
man, in line to Xivray. where it was
to swing in toward Vigneulles on the pivot
of the Moselle river for the initial assault.
From Xivray to Mouilly the 2d colonial
French corps was in line in the center and our
5th corps, under command of Maj.-Gen.
George H. Cameron, with our 26th division
and a French division at the western base of
the salient, were to attack three difficult hills
— LCB Eparges. Combres, and Amaranthe. Our
1st corps had in reserve the 78th division, our
4th corps the 3d division, and our 1st army
the 35th and 91st divisions, with the 80th
and 33d available. It should be understood
that our corps organizations are very elastic,
and that we have at no time had permanent
assignments of divisions to corps.
"After four hours' artillery preparation the
seven American divisions in the front line ad-
vanced at 5 a. m., on Sept. 12, assisted
by a limited number of tanks manned partly
by Americans and partly by the French.
These divisions, accompanied by groups or
wire cutters and others armed with banga-
lore torpedoes, went through the successive
bands of barbed wire that protected the en-
Copjrljrht. Hams & Ewlng
MAJ.-GEN. HENRY
T. ALLEN.
I>ai'y News Phnto
MAJ.-GEN GEORGE
BELL. JR.
emy s front line and supnort trenches, in Ir-
resistible waves on schedule time, breaking
gown a:l djlense of an enemy demoralized
by the great volume of our artillery fire and
our sudden approach out of the fog.
Our 1st corps advanced to Thiaucourt, while
our 4th corps curved back to the southwest
tnrough Nonsard. The 2d colonial French
corps made the slight advance required of it
on very difficult ground and the 5th corps
took its three ridges and repulsed a counter-
attack. A rapid march brought reserve regi-
ments of a division of the 5th corps into
Vigneulles in the early morning, where it
linked up with patrols of our 4th corps, clos-
ing1 the salient and forming a new line west
of Thiaucourt to Vigneulles and beyond
Fresnes-en-Woevre. At the cost of only 7.000
casualties, mostly light, we had taken 16.000
prisoners and 443 guns, a great quantity of
materiel, released the inhabitants of many vil-
lages from enemy domination and established
our lines in a position to threaten Metz. This
signal success of the American 1st army in
its first offensive was of prime importance.
The allies found they had a formidable army
to aid them and the enemy learned finally that
he had one to reckon with,
Meuse-Argonne Offensive. First Phase.
"On the day after we had taken the St.
Mihiel salient much of our corps and army
artillery which had operated at St. Mihiel and
our divisions in reserve at other points were
already on the move toward the area back
of the line between the Meuse river and the
western edge of tho forest, of Argonne. With,
the exception of St. Mihiel. the old German
front line from Switzerland to the east of
Keims was still intact. In the general attack
all along the line the operation assigned the
American army as the hinge of this allied of-
fensive was directed toward the important
railroad communications of the German armies
through Mezieres and Sedan. The enemy must
hold fast to this part of his lines or the
withdrawal of his forces with four years' ac-
cumulation of plants and materiel would be
dangerously imperiled.
"The German army had as yet shown no de-
moralization and. while the muss of its troops
had suffered in morale, its first class divisions
and notably its machine gun d?fensc were
exhibiting remarkable tactical efficiency as well
as courage. The German general staff was
fully aware of the consequences of a success
on the Meuse-Argonne line. Certain that he
would do everything- in his power to oppose
us. the action was planned with as much se-
crecy as possible and was undertaken with
the determination to use all our divisions in
forcing decision. We expected to draw the
best German divisions to our front and to
consume them while the enemy was heJ<J
under grave apprehension lest our attack
should break his line, which it was our firm
purpose to do.
"Our right flank was protected by the Meuse.
while our left embraced the Argonne forest,
whose ravines, hills and elaborate defense
screened by d^nse thickets had been generally
considered impregnable. Our order of battle
from right to left was the 3d co-ps from the
Meuse to Malancourt. with the J53d. 80th and
4th divisions in line, and the 3d division as
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
565
N. T. Herald Surviw
MAJ.-GEN. WILLIAM
WEIGHT.
Copyright, Harris .tJ.»iu_".
MAJ.-GEN. J. U.
McKAE.
corps reserve: the 5th corps from Malancourt
to Vauauois. with 79th. 87th and 91st di-
visions in line, and the 32d in corps reserve:
and the 1st corua. from Vauauois to Vienne
le Chateau, with 35th. 28th and 77th divisions
in line, and the 92d in corns reserve. The
trmy reserve consisted of, the 1st. 29th and
2cl divisions.
"On the nig-ht of Sept. 25 our troops quietly
took the place of the French, who thinly held
the line in this sector, which had long: been
inactive. In the attack which began on tne
26th we drove through the barbed wire en-
tanglements and the sea of shell craters across
"no man's land." mastering- all the first line
defenses. Continuing- on the .27th and 28th.
ag-ainst machine guns and artillery of an in-
creasing- number of enemy reserve divisions,
•we penetrated to a depth of from three to
seven miles, and took the villag-e of Mont-
faucon and its commanding- hill and Exermqnt.
Gercourt. Cuisy. Septsarges. Malancourt. Ivoiry,
Epinonville, Charpentry. Very and other vil-
lages. East of the Meuse one of our di-
visions, which was with the 2d Colonial
French corps, captured Mareheville and Rie-
ville. giving- farther protection to the flank
of our main body. We had taken 10,000 pris-
oners, we had sained our point of forcing the
battle into the open and were prepared lor
the enemy's reaction, which was bound U>
come, as he h^d good roads and ample rail-
road facilities for bringing up his artillery and
reserves.
"In tho ,chill 'rain of dark nights our engi-
neers had to build new roads across spongy,
shell to:-n ar";is. repair broken roads beyond
"no man's land." and build bridges. Our gun-
ners, with no thought of sleep, put their
shoulders to wheels and dragrppes to bring-
their guns through the mire in support of
the infantry, now under the increasing fire
of the enemy's artillery. Our attack had
taken the enemy by surprise, but quickly re-
covering himself, he began to fire counter-
attacks in strong force, supported by heavy
bombardments, with large Quantities of gas.
From Sept. 28 until Oct. 4 we maintained
the offensive against patches of woods de-
iendod ty snipers and continuous lines of
machine g-mis. and pushed forward our guns
and transport, seizing strategical points in
preparation for further attacks.
Other Units with Allies.
"Other divisions attached to the allied armies
•were doing- their pirt. It was the fortune of
our 2d corps, composed of the 27th and 30th
divisions, which had remained with the Brit-
ish, to have a place of honor in co-operation
with the Australian corps on Sept. 29 and
Oct. 1 in the assaiilt on the Hindenburg line
where the St. Quentin canal passes through
a tunnel under a ridge. The 30th division
speedily broke through the main line of de-
fense for all its objectives, while the 27th
pushed on impetuously through the main line
until some of its elements reached Gouy. In
the midst of the maze of trenches and shell
craters and under cross fire from machine gTins
the other elements fought desperately against
odds. In this and in later actions, from Oct.
6 to Oct. 19. our 2d corps captured over 6.000
prisoners and advanced over thirteen miles.
The spirit and aggressiveness of these di-
MAJ.-GEN. C. P.
BAILEY.
CopTTl»ht, Harris t Ewing.
BEIG.-GEN. J. A.
SHIPTON.
visions have been highly praised by the Brit-
ish army commander under whom they served.
"On Oct. 2-9 our 2d and 36th divisions were
sent to assist the French in an important at-
tack against the old German positions before
Reims. The 2d conquered the complicated de-
fense works on their front against a persistent
defense worthy of the grimmest period of
trench warfare and attacked the strongly held
wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they cap-
tured in a second assault, sweeping over it
with consummate dash and skill. This di-
vision then repulsed strong counterattacks be-
fore the village and cemetery of Ste. Etienne
and took the town, forcing the Germans to fall
back from before Reims and yield positions
they had held since September. 1914. On Oct.
9 the 36th division relieved the 2d and in its
first experience under fire withstood very se-
vere artillery bombardment and rapidly took
up the pursuit of the enemy, now retiring be-
hind the Aisne.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Second Phase.
"The allied progress elsewhere cheered the
efforts ot our men in this crucial contest, as
tne tierm.au, com man tt threw in mure and more
iirst class troops to stop our advance. We
made steady headway in the almost impene-
trable and strongly Held Argoiiue lorest. lor
despite this re-em orcement it was our army
tnat was doing tne driving. Our aircraft was
increasing in, skill and numbers and lorcmg
tne issue and our imantry and artillery were
improving rapidly with, each new experience.
The replacements Iresn from nome were put
into exhausted divisions with lit tie time for
training, but they had the advantage of serv-
ing- beside men who knew tneir business and
who had almost become veterans overnight.
The enemy had taken every advantage of the
terrain, which especially favored the defense,
by a prodigal use of machine guns manned by
highly trained veterans and by using his ar-
tillery at short ranges, in tae face of such
strong frontal positions we should have been
unable to accomplish any progress according
to previously accepted standards, but I had
every confidence in our aggressive tactics and
the courage of our troops.
"On Oct. 4 the attack was renewed all along
our front. The 3d corps tilting to the left
followed the Brieulles-Cunel road; our 5th
corps took Gesnes while tne 1st corps advanced
for over two miles along the irregular valley
of the Aire river and in the wooded hills of
the Argcnne that bordered the river, used by
the enemy with all his art and weapons of de-
fense. This sort of fighting continued against
an enemy striving to hold every foot of ground
and whose very strong counterattacks chal-
lenged us at every point. On the 7th the 1st
corps captured Chatol-Chehery and continued
along the river to Cornay. On the east of
Meuse sector one of the two divisions co-
operating with the French captured Consenvoye
and the Haumont woods. On the 9th the 5th
corps, in its progress up the Aire, took Fleville,
and the 3d corps, which had continuous fight-
ing against odds, was workinc: its way through
Brieullea and Cunel. On thp 10th we had
cleared the Argonne forest of th* enemy.
"It was now necessary to constitute a second
566
ALMANAC AND YEAF.-LCCX TOR 1919.
Copyright, Harris 4 E«ing
BRIG.-GEX. EDWARD
L. KING.
Copyright, Harris & Ewlng.
BRIG.-GEN. F. H.
FOLTZ.
lyNe
COL. MILTOX J.
FOREMAN.
Daily News Photo.
COL. J. B. SANBORN.
army, and on Oct. 9 the immediate command
of the 1st army was turned over to Lieut.-Gen.
Hunter Liggett. The command of the 2d
army, whose divisions occupied a sector in
the Woevre, was given to Lieut.-Gen. Robert
L. Bullard, who had been commander of the
1st division and then of the 3d corps. Maj.-
Gen. Dickman was transferred to the command
of the 1st corps, while the 5th corps was
placed under Mao.-Gen. Charles P. Summerall,
whp had recently commanded the 1st division.
Mao.-Gen. John L. Hines, who had gone rapid-
ly up from regimental to division commander
was assigned to the 3d corps. These four offi-
cers had been in France from the early days of
the expedition and had learned their lessons in
the school of practical warfare.
Our constant pressure against the enemy
Drought day by day more prisoners, mostly
survivors from machine grin nests captured
in fighting1 at close Quarters. On Oct. 18 there
was very fierce fighting in the Caures woods,
east of the Meuse, and in the Ormont woods.
On the 14th the 1st corps took St. Juvin. and
the 5th corps, in hand to hand encounters, en-
tered the formidable Kriemhilde lin°. where
the enemy had hoped to check us indefinitely.
Later the 5th corps penetrated further the
Kriemhilde line, and the 1st corps took Cham-
Pigneulles and the important town of Grand-
ore. Our dogged offensive was wearing- down
the enemy, who continued desperately to throw
his best troops against us. thus weakening1 his
line in front of our allies and making1 their
advance less difficult.
Divisions in Belgium.
"Meanwhile we were not only able to con-
tinue the battle, but our 37th and 91st divi-
sions were hastily withdrawn from our front
and dispatched to help the French army in
Belgium. Detraining1 in the neighborhood of
Ypres. these divisions advanced by rapid stages
to the fighting line and were assigned to ad-
jacent French corps. On Oct. 31 in continua-
tion of the Flanders offensive they attacked
and methodically broke down all enemy resist-
ance. On Nov. 3 the 37th had completed its
mission in driving1 the enemy across the Escaut
ri^er and firmly established itself along1 the
east bank included in the division zone of ac-
tion. By a clever flanking1 movement troops of
the 91st division captured Spitaals Bosschen.
a difficult wood extending1 across the central
part of the division sector, reached the Escaut,
and penetrated into the town of Audenarde.
These divisions received hig-h commendation
from their corps commanders for their dash
and energy.
Meuse-Argonne—Last Phase.
"On the 23d the 3d and 5th corps pushed
northward to the level of Bantheville. While
we continued to press forward and throw back
the enemy's violent counterattacks with great
loss to him. a regrouping1 of our forces was
under way for the final assault. Evidences of
loss of morale by the enemy (rave our men
more confidence in attack and more fortitude
in enduring; the fatigue of incessant effort and
the hardships of very inclement weather.
With comparatively well rested divisions, the
final advance in the Meuse-Argonne front was
begun on Nov. 1. Our increased, artillery force
acauitted itself magnificent'y in support of
the advance, and the enemy broke before the
determined infantry which, by its persistent
fighting- of the past weeks and the dash of
this attack, had overcome his will to resist.
The 3d corps took Ancreville, Doulcon and
Andevanne, and the 5th corps took Landres
et St. Georges and pressed through successive
lines of resistance to Bayonville and Chen-
nery. On the 2d the 1st corps joined in the
movement, which now became an impetuous
onslaught that could not be stayed
"On the 3d advance troops surged forward in
Pursuit, some by motor trucks, while the artil-
lery pressed along1 the country roads close be-
hind. The 1st corps reached Authe and Cha-
tillon-sur-Bar, the 5th corps Fosse and Nou-
art and the 3d corps Halles, penetrating the
enemy's line to a depth of twelve miles. Our
large caliber guns had advanced and were
skillfully brought into position to fire upon
the important lines at Montmedy. Longuyon
and Confl-ns. Our 3d corps crossed the Meuse
on the 5th and the other corps, in the full
confidence that the day was theirs, eagrerly
cleared the way of machine guns as they swept
northward, maintaining complete co-ordination
throughout. On the 6th. a division of the 1st
corps reached a point on the Meuse opposite
Sedan, twenty-five miles from our line of de-
parture. The strategical goal which was our
highest hope was gained. We had cut the en-
emy's main line of communications, and noth-
ing1 but surrender or an armistice could save
his army from complete disaster.
"In all forty enemy divisions had been used
against us in the Meuse-Argonne battle. Be-
tween Sept. 26 and Nov. 6 we took 26.069
•prisoners and 468 erune on this front. Our di-
visions engraved were -the 1st. 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th.
26th. 28th. 29th. 32d. 33d. 35th. 37th. 42d.
77th. 78th. 79th. 80th. 82d. 89th. 90th and
91st. Many of our divisions remained in line
for a length of time that required nerves of
steel, while others were sent in again after
only a few days of rest. The 1st. 5th. 26th.
42d. 77th. 80th. 89th and 9Oth were in the
flne twice. Although some of the divisions
•vere fig-hting- their first battle, they soon be-
came eaual to the best.
Operations East of the Meuse.
"On the three days preceding- Nov. 10, the
3d, the 2d colonial and the 17th French corps
fought a difficult struggle through the Meuse
hills, south of Stenay. and forced the enemy
into the plain. Meanwhile, my plans for fur-
ther use of the American forces contemplated
an advance between the Meuse and the Mo-
selle in the direction of Longwy by the 1st
army, while, at the same time, the 2d army
should assume the offensive toward the rich
coal fields of Briey. These operations were to
be followed by an offensive toward Chateau-
Salins east of the Moselle, thus isolating Metz.
Accordingly, attacks on the American front
had been ordered and that of the 2d army
was in progress on the morniner of Nov. 11.
when instructions were received that hostili-
ties should cease at 11 o'clock a. m.
At this moment the line of the American
sector, from right to left, began at Port-sur-
Seille. thence across the Moselle to Vandieres
and through the Woevre to Bezanvaux in the
foothills of the Meuse. thence along1 to the
foothills and through the northern ecVe of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
567
Daily News Photo.
COL. HENRY A.
ALLEN.
Daily News Photo.
COL. HENRY J
REILLY.
Daily News Photo.
COL. JOHN V.
CLINNIN.
Woevre forests to the Meuse at Mouzay,
thence along1 the Meuse connecting with the
French under Sedan.
Relations with the Allies.
"Co-operation among- the allies has at all
times been most cordial. A far greater ef-
fort has been put forth by the allied armies
and staffs to assist us than could have been
expected. The French government and army
have always stood ready to furnish us with
supplies, equipment, and transportation and
to aid us in every way. In the towns and
hamlets wherever our troops have been sta-
tioned or billeted the French people have
everywhere received them more as relatives
and intimate friends than as soldiers of a
foreign army. For these things words are
quite inadequate to express our gratitude.
There can be no doubt that the relations grow-
ing1 out of our associations here assure a
permanent friendship between the two peoples.
Although we have not been so intimately
associated with the people of Great Britain,
yet their troops and ours when thrown togeth-
er have always warmly fraternized. The re-
ception of those of our forces who have
gassed through England and of those who
ave been stationed there has always been
enthusiastic. Altogether it has been deep-
ly impressed upon us that the ties of lan-
guage and blood bring the British and our-
selves together completely and inseparably.
Strength.
"There are in Europe altogether, including: a
regiment and some sanitary units with the
Italian army and the organizations at Mur-
mansk, also including those en route from the
States, approximately 2,053.347 men, less our
losses. Of this total there are in France
1,338,169 combatant troops. Forty divisions
have arrived, of which the infantry person-
nel of ten has been used as replacements,
leaving thirty divisions now in France or-
ganized into three armies of three corps each.
"The losses of the Americans UP to Nov. 18
are: Killed and wounded. 36.145: died of
disease, 14.811: deaths unclassified. 2.204:
wounded, 179,625; prisoners. 2.163; missing,
1.160. We have captured about 44,000 pris-
oners and 1,400 guns, howitzers and trench
mortars.
Commendation.
"The duties of the general staff, as well as
those of the army and corps staffs, have been
very ably performed. Especially is this true
when we consider the new and difficult prob-
lems with which they have been confronted.
This body of officers, both as individuals and
as an organization, has, I believe, no superi-
ors in professional ability, in efficiency, or in
loyalty.
"Nothing that we have in France better re-
flects the efficiency and devotion to duty of
Americans in general than the service of sup-
ply, whose personnel is thoroughly imbued
with a patriotic desire to do its full duty.
They have at all times fully appreciated their
responsibility to the rest of the army and the
results produced have been most gratifying. ,
"pur medical corps is especially entitled to
praise for the general effectiveness of its work
both in hospital and at the front. Embracing
men of high professional attainments, and
Daily News Photo.
COL. ABEL DAVIS.
in°?vf" de£oted }o their calling and
in their efforts, this department haa
S!* reC°rd f°r medical and sani^
VThe Quartermaster department has had diffi-
•uft and various tasks, but it has more than
met all demands that have been made upon i?
Its management and its personnel have been
1 and deserve
pe
Fr
As to the more technical services, the able
srsonnel of the ordnance department in
ranee has splendidly fulfilled its functions?
oth in procurement and in forwarding the
immense quantities of ordnance required. The
officers and men and the young women of the
signal corps have performed their duties with.
a large conception of the problem and with
a devoted and patriotic spirit to which the per-
fection of our .communications daily testifies.
Wnile the engineer corps, has been referred
be further stated that the work has required
large vision . and high professional skill and
great credit is due the personnel for the high
Proficiency that it has constantly maintained
Our aviators have no equals in daring or in
fighting ability and have left a record of
courageous .deeds that will ever remain a bril-
liant page in the annals of our army. While
the tank corps has had limited opportunities
,s personnel has responded »llantly on ev-
ery possible occasion and has shown courage
of the highest order.
The adjutant-general's department has been
directed with a systematic thoroughness and
excellence that surpassed any previous work
01 its kind. The inspector-general's depart-
ment has risen to the highest standards and
throughout has ably assisted commanders in
the enforcement of discipline. The able per-
sonnel of the judge-adv9cate general's depart-
ment has solved with judgment and wisdom,
the multitude of difficult legal problems, many
of them involving questions of great inter-
national importance.
"It would be impossible in this brief pre-
liminary report to do justice to the personnel
of all the different branches of this organiza-
tion which I shall cover in detail in a later
report.
"The navy in European waters has at all
times most cordially aided the army, and it i»
most gratifying to report that there has never'
before been such perfect co-operation between
these two branches of the service.
"As to Americans in Europe not in the mill*
tary services, it is the greatest pleasure to
say that, both in official and in private life,
they are intensely patriotic and loyal, and
have been invariably sympathetic and helpful
to the army.
"Finally. I pay the supreme tribute to our
officers and soldiers of the line. When I think
of their heroism, their patience under hard-
ships, their unflinching spirit of offensive ac-
tion. I am filled with emotion which I am
unable to express. Their deeds are immortal,
and they have earned the eternal gratitude of
our country.
"I am. Mr. Secretary, very respectfully.
"JOHN J. PERSHING.
"General. Commander in Chief American Ex-
peditionary Forces.
"To the Secretary of War."
568
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
MARINE CORPS WINS GLORY.
JosepUus Daniels in his annual report for
1918 pays a glowing' tribute to the deeds of
the United States marine corps in the fighting'
on the western front in France. Because oi
its historical value this part of the report is
herewith reproduced in full:
This efficient fighting, building- and landing
force pf the navy [the marine corps] has won
imperishable glory in the fulfillment of its
latest duties upon the battle fields of France
•where the marines, fighting for the time under
Gen. Perching as a part of the victorious
.American army, have written a story of valor
and sacrifice that will live in the brightest
annals of the war. With heroism that nothing-
could daunt, the marine corps played a vital
role in stemming- the German rush on Paris,
and in later days aided in the beginning of the
great offensive, the freeing of Reims, and par-
ticipated in the hard fighting in Champagne,
•which had as its object the throwing back of
the Prussian armies in the vicinity of Cambrai
and St. Quentin.
With only 8,000 men engaged in the fiercest
battles, the marine corps casualties numbered
69 officers and 1,531 enlisted men dead, and
78 officers and 2,435 enlisted men wounded
seriously enough to be officially reported by
cablegram, to which number should be added
not a few \,hose wounds did not incapacitate
them for further fighting. However, with a
casualty list that numbers nearly half the
original 8.000 men who entered battle the
official reports account for only 57 United
States marines who have been captured by
the enemy. This includes those who were
•wounded far in advance of their lines and
\?ho fell into the hands of Germans while
unable to resist.
Stopped Drive on Paris.
Memorial day shall henceforth have a great-
er, deeper significance for America, for it was
on that day. May 30. 1918, that our country
really received its first call to battle — the bat-
tle in which American troops had the honor
of stopping the German drive on Paris, throw-
ing back the .Prussian hordes in attack after
attack, and beginning the retreat which lasted
until imperial Germany was beaten to its
knees and its emissaries were appealing- for an
armistice under the flag of truce. And to the
United States marines, fighting side by side
•with equally brave and equally courageous
men in the American army, to that faithful
sea and land force of the navy fell the honor
of taking over the lines where the blow of the
Prussian would strike the hardest, the line
that was nearest Paris and where, should
a breach occur, all would be lost. The world
knows to-day that the United States
marines held that line: that they blocked the
advance that was rolling- on toward Paris at
a rate of six or seven miles a day; that they
met the attack in American fashion and with
American heroism: that marines and soldiers
of the American army threw back the crack
guard divisions of Germany, broke their ad-
vance, and then, attacking, drove them back
in the beginning of a retreat that was not to
«nd until the "cease firing" signal sounded for
the end of the world's greatest war. In this
connection Melville E. Stone, general manager
of The Associated Press, said, following an
exhaustive trip of investigation in Europe:
"They [the marines] had before them the
best Prussian guards and shock troops — the
Germans were perfectly sure they could drive
the 'amateurs' back. It was a dramatic sit-
uation, for success meant that the Germans
could probably push for Calais and other
channel ports; but Foch dangled Par,is before
their eyes by — "*•
acre
bet .._
driving back the 'amateurs7 the
'amateurs'
drove them and gave them also a very sound
thrashing. Their losses were henvy, but they
•did the work, and in doing it also did throe
things: T^T saved Paris: they seriously in-
jured the morale of the best German troops.
and they set a standard and fixed a reputation
lor American troops that none other dared
tarnish.
Such is the opinion of the head of a great
newsgathering force regarding the achieve-
ments of the United States marines at Chateau
Thierry, where in the battle field of Bois de
Belleau. now named the Bois de la Brigade de
Marine by official order of the French staff,
this branch of the navy met the Germans and
blocked their drive on Paris.
Ordered to Front on Memorial Day.
It was on the evening: of May 30. after a
day dedicated to the memory of their com-
rades who had fallen in the training days and
in the Verdun sector, that the 5th and 6th
regiments and the 6th machine gun battalion.
United States marines, each received the fol-
lowing- orders:
"Advance information official received that
this regiment will move at 10 p. m. 30 May
by bus to new area. All trains shall be
loaded at once and arrangements hastened.
Wagons, when loaded, will move to Serans to
form train."
All through the night there was fevered ac-
tivity among- the marines. Then, the next
morning, the long- trains pf camions, busses
and trucks, each carrying its full complement
of United States marines, went forward on a
road which at one place wound within less
than ten miles of Paris, toward Meaux and
the fighting line.
Through the town of Meaux went the long
line of camions and to the village of Mon-
triel-aux-Lions. less than four miles from the
rapidly advancing German line. On this trip
the camions containing the Americans were
the only traffic traveling in the direction of
the Germans: everything- else was going the
other way — refugees, old men and women.
small children, riding- on every conceivable con-
veyance. many trudging along the side of the
road driving- a cow or calf before them, all of
them covered with the white dust which the
camion caravan was whirling UD as it rolled
along: along- that road only one organization
was advancing, the United States marines.
Got Into Line on June 2.
At last, their destination reached early on
the morning of June 2. they disembarked, stiff
and tired after a journey of more than seven-
ty-two miles, but as they formed their lines
and marched onward in the direction of the
line they were to hold they were determined
and cheerful. That evening the first field mes-
sage from the 4th brigade to Maj.-Gen. Omar
Bundy. commandincr the 2d division, went for-
^econd battalion. 6th marines, in line from
Le Thiolet through Clarembauts woods to
Triangle to Lucy. Instructed to hold line.
First battalion, 6th marines, going into line
,
from Lucy through Hill 142
, goi
. Thi
rd battalion
.
in support at La Voie du Chatel, which is
also the post command of the 6th marines.
Sixth machine gun battalion distributed at
line."
Meanwhile the 5th regiment was moving
into line, machine guns were advancing and
the artillery taking its position. That night
the men and officers of the marines slept in
the open, many of them in a field that was
green with unharvested wheat, awaiting the
time when they should be summoned to battle.
The next day at 5 o'clock, the afternoon of
June 2, began the battle .of Chateau Thierry,
with the Americans holdini
the most vicious wedge of
vance.
the line against
the German ad-
Battle of Chateau Thierry.
The advance of the Germans was across a
wheat field, driving at Hill 165 and advanc-
ng in smooth columns. The United States
marines, trained to keen observation upon the
rifle range, nearly every one of them wearing
a marksman's medal or better, that of the
sharpshooter or expert rifleman, did not wait
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
569
for those gray clad hordes to advance nearer.
Calmly they set their sights and aimed with
the same precision that they had shown upon
the rifle ranges at Paris island. Mare island
and Quantico. Incessantly their rifles cracked
and with their fire came the support of the
artillery. The machine gun fire, incessant also,
began to make its inroads upon the advanc-
ing1 forces. Closer and closer the shrapnel
burst to its targets. Cuught in a seething wave
oi machine gun fire, of scattering shrapnel,
of accurate rifle fire, the Germans found them-
selves in a position in which further advance
cculd only mean absolute suicide. The lines
hesitated. They stopped. They broke for cover,
•while the marines raked the woods and ra-
vines in which they had taken refuge with
machine gun and rifle to prevent them makmi
another attempt to advance by infiltrating
through. Above a French airplane .was check-
ing up on the artillery fire. Surprised by ^ th<
fact that men should deliberately set then-
sights, adjust their range and then fire .aelib-
evately at an advancing foe. each man picking
his target, instead of firing merely in the
direction of the enemy, the aviator signaled
below "Bravo!" In the rear that word was
echoed again and again. The German dnve oil
Paris had been stopped.
Fierce Fighting in Belleau Wood.
For the next few days the fighting took on
the character of pushing forth outposts and
determining the strength of the entemy. Now
the fighting had changed. The Germans, mys-
tified that they should have run against a
stone wall of defense just when, they believed
that their advance would be easiest, had halt-
ed, amazed; then prep, red to defend the po-
sitions they had won with all the stubborn-
ness possible. In the black recesses of Bel-
leau wood the Germans had established nest
after nest of machine guns. There, in the
jungle of matted underbrush, of vines, of
heavy foliage, they had placed themselves in
positions they believed Impregnable. And this
meant that unless they could be routed, un-
less they could be thrown back, the breaking
of the attack of June 2 would mean nothing.
There would come another dnve and another.
The battle of Chateau Thierry was therefore
not won and could not be won until Belleau
wood had been cleared of the enemy.
It was June 6 that the attack of the Amer-
ican troops began against that wood and its
adjacent surroundings, with the wood itsei
and the towns of Torcy and Bouresohes form-
ing' the objectives. At 5 o'clock the attack
came, and there began the tremendous sacri-
fices which the marine corps, gladly suffered
that the German flghtera might be thrown
Fought in American Fashion.
The marines fought strictly according to
American methods — a rush, a halt, a rush
again, in four wave formation, the rear waves
taking over the work of those who had fallen
before them, passing over the bodies of thtlr
dead comrades and plunging1 ahead, until they,
too. should be torn to bits. But behind those
waves were more waves, and the attack
went on.
"Men fell like flies": the expression is that
of an officer writing from the field. Com-
panies that had entered the battle 250 strong
dwindled to fifty and sixty, with a sergeant in
command: but the attack did not falter. At
9:45 o'clock that night Bouresches was taken
by Lieut. James F. Robertson and twenty-odd
men of his platoon: these soon were joined
by two re-enforcing platoons. Then came the
enemy counterattacks, but the marines held.
Charging on Machine Gun Nests.
In Belleau wood the fighting hnd beon lit-
erally from tree to tree, stronghold to strong-
hold: and it was a fight which must last for
weeks before its accomplishment in victory.
Belleau wood was a jungle, its every rocky
formation forming a German machine gun
nest, almost impossible to reach by artillery
or grenade fire. There was only one way to
wipe put these nests — by the bayonet And
by this method were they wiped out. for
United States marines, bare chested, shouting
their battle cry of "E-e-e-e-e y-a-a-h-h-h yip!"
charged straight into the murderous fire from
those guns, and won ! Out of the number that
charged, in more than one instance, only one
would reach the stronghold. There, with his
bayonet as his only weapon, he would either
kill or capture the defenders of the nest and
then swinging the gun about in its position,
turn it against the remaining German posi-
tions in the forest. Such was the character
of the fighting in Belleau wood: fighting
which continued until July 6, when after a.
short relief the invincible Americans finally
were taken back to the rest billet for recu-
peration.
Held the Line for Many Weary Days.
In all the history of the marine corps there
is no other such battle as that one in Belleau
wood. Fighting day and night without relief,
without sleep, often without water, and for
days without hot rations, the marines met and
defeated the best divisions that Germany could
throw into the line. The heroism and doggedness
of that battle are unparalleled. Time after time
officers seeing their lines cut to pieces, seeing-
their men so dosr tired that they even fell
asleep under shellfire, hearing their wounded
calling for the water that they were unable
to supply, seeing men fight on after they had
been wounded and until they dropped uncon-
scious: time after time officers seeing these
things, believing that the very limit of human
endurance had been reached, would send back
messages to their post command that their
men were exhausted. But in answer to this
would come the word that the lines must
hold, and if possible those lines must attack.
And the lines obeyed. Without water, with-
out food, without rest, they went forward —
and forward every time to victory. Com-
panies had been so torn and lacerated by-
losses that they were hardly platoons: but
they held their lines and advanced them. In
more than one case companies lost every of-
ficer, leaving a sergeant and sometimes a cor-
poral to command, and the advance con-
tinued. After thirteen days in this inferno of
fire a captured German officer told with his-
dying breath of a fresh division of Germans
that was about to be thrown into the battle
to attempt to wrest from the marines that
part, of the wood they had gained. The
marines, who for days had been fighting only
on their sheer nerve, who had been worn out
from nights of sleeplessness, from lack of ra-
tions, from terrific shell and machine gun fire.
straightened their lines and prepared for the
attack. It came — as the dying German of-
ficer had predicted.
German Crack Troops Repulsed and Beaten.
At 2 o'clock on the morning of June 13 it
waa launched by the Germans along the whole-
front. Without regard for men, the enemy
hurled his forces against Bouresches and the
Bois de Belleau. and sought to win back what
had been taken from Germany by the Amer-
icans. The orders were that these positions-
must be taken at all costs: that the utmost
losses in men must be endured that the Bois
do Belleau and Bouresches might fall again
into German hands. But the depleted lines
of the marines held: the men who had fought
on their nerve alone for days once more
showed the mettle of which they were made.
With their backs to the trees and bowlders of
the Bois de Belleau, with their sole shelter
the scattered ruins of Bouresches. the thin-
ning lines of the marines repelled the attack
and crashed back the new division which had
sought to wrest the position from them.
And so it went. Day after day. night after
nifrht. while time after time messages like
the following traveled to the post command:
"Losses heavy. Difficult to get runners,
through. Some have never returned. Morale
excellent^ but troops about all in. Men ex-
'Exhausted, but holding on. And they con-
S70
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
tinned to hold on in spite of every difficulty.
Advancing1 their lines slowly day by day. the
marines finally prepared their positions to
.such an extent that the last rush for the pos-
session of the wood could be made. Then,
on June 24. following: a tremendous barrage,
Thl barrage literally tore the woods to pieces,
tut even its immensity could not wipe out
all the nests that remained, the emplace-
ments that were behind almost every clump
of bushes, every jagged, rough _ group 01
bowlders. But those that remained were
wiped out by the American method ol tne
rush and the bayonet and in the days that
followed every foot of Belleau wood was
-cleared of the enemy and held by the frayed
lines of the Americans.
Praise from French Staff.
It was, therefore, with the feeling- of work
-well done that the depleted lines of the ma-
rines were relieved in July, that they might
T3e filled with replacements and made ready for
the grand offensive in the vicinity of Spis-
sons July 18. And in recognition of their
sacrifice and bravery this praise was forth-
coming from the French: lr>-iQ T«
"Army Headquarters. June 30, 1918.— In
view of the brilliant conduct of the 4th bri-
gade of the 2d United States division, which
in a spirited fight took Bouresches and the
important strong point of Bois de Belleau,
stubbornly defended by a large enemy force,
the general commanding the 6th army orders
that henceforth, in all official papers the. Bois
de Belleau ( shall be named 'Bois de la Brigade
de Ma^f^ISION GENERAL DEGOUTTE.
"Commanding 6th Army."
Gen. Pershing Personally Congratulates Marines.
Gen Pershing's congratulations also were
contained in the following order, issued by the
brigade commander, dated June 9, 1918. to
the units of his command:
"The brigade commander takes pnde in an-
nouncing that, in addition to the commander
in chief's telegram of congratulation to tne
4th brigade, published in an indorsement from
the division commander, dated June 9. den.
Pershing has to-day visited division headquar-
ters and sent his personal greetings and con-
gratulations to the marine brigade. He also
added that Gen. Foch. commander m chief of
the allied armies in France, especially charged
him this morning to give the marine brigade
his love and congratulations on their fine
work of the past week.
"By command of Brig.-Gen. Harbord.
"H. LAY, Major, Adjutant."
Gen. Harbord's Commendation.
On July 18 the marines were again called
Into action in the vicinity of Soissons, near
Tigny and Vierzy. In the face of a murder-
ous fire from concentrated machine guns,
which contested every foot of their advance,
the United States marines moved forward un-
til the severity of their casualties necessitated
that they dig in and hold the positions they
had gained. Here, again, their valor called
forth official praise, which came in the fol-
lowing:
"General Orders No. 46. — France. Jtily 21. —
It is with keen pride that the divisional com-
mander transmits to the command the con-
fratulations and affectionate greetings of Gen.
ershing, who visited the divisional headquar-
ters last night. His praise of the gallant work
of the division on the 18th and 19th is echoed
by the French high command, the 3d corps
commander, American expeditionary forces,
and in a telegram from the former divisional
commander. In spite of two sleepless nights,
long marches through rain and mud. and the
discomfort of hunger and thirst, the division
attacked, side by side with the gallant 1st
Moroccan division, and maintained itself with
credit. You advanced over six miles, cap-
tured over 3.000 nrisoners. eleven batteries of
artillery, over 100 machine guns, minenwer-
fers and supplies. The 2d division has sus-
tained the best traditions of the regular army
and the marine corps. The story of your
achievements will be told in millions of homes
in all allied nations to-night.
"J. G. HARBORD, Major-General, N. A."
In Battle for St. Mihiel Salient.
Then came the battle for the St. Mihiel
salient. On the night of Sept. 11 the 2d divi-
sion took over a line running from Remenau-
ville to Limey, and on the night of Sept. 14
and the morning of Sept. 15 attacked, with
two days' objectives ahead of them. Over-
coming the enemy resistance, they romped
through to the Rupt de Mad, a small
river, crossed it on stone bridges, occupied
Thiaucourt, the first day's objective, scaled the
heights just beyond it. pushed on to a line
running from the Zammes-Joulney ridges to
the Binvaux forest, and there rested, with the
second day's objectives occupied by 2 :50
o'clock of the first day. The casualties of the
division were about 1.000. of which 134 were
killed. Of these about half were marines.
The captures in which the marines partici-
pated were 80 German officers, 3.200 men. 90-
odd cannon and vast stores. In his congrat-
ulations following the battle Gen. Lejeune
said:
"Sept. 17, 1918.— General orders No. 54:
I desire to express to the officers and men my
profound appreciation of their brilliant and
successful attack in the recent engagement.
"Our division maintained the prestige and
honor of the country proudly and swept the
enemy from the field.
"JOHN A. LEJEUNE.
"Major-General, United States Marine Corps."
Capture of Blanc Mont Ridge.
But even further honors were to befall the
fighting-, landing and building force, of which
the navy is Justly proud. In the early part of
October it became necessary for the allies to
capture the bald, jagged ridge twenty miles
due east of Reims known as Blanc Mont
ridge. Here the armies of Germany and the
allies had clashed more than once, and at-
tempt after attempt had been made to wrest it
from German hands. It was a keystone of the
German defense, the fall of which would have
a far reaching effect upon the enemy armies.
To the glory of the United States marines, let
it be said that they were again a part of that
splendid 2d division which swept forward in
the attack which freed Blanc Mont ridge from
German hands, p.ushed its way down <h3
slopes, and occupied the level ground just be-
yond, thus assuring a victory the full import
of which can best be judged by the order of
Gen. Lejeune. following the battle:
"France. Oct. 11, 1918.— Officers and Men
of the 2d Division: It is beyond my power
of expression to describe fitly my admira-
tion for your heroism. You attacked mag-
nificently and you seized Blanc Mont ridge,
the keystone of the arch constituting the en-
emy's main position. You advanced beyond
the ridge, breaking the enemy's lines, and you
held the ground gained with a tenacity which
is unsurpassed in the annals of war.
"As a direct result of your victory, the Ger-
man armies east and west of Reims are in full
retreat, and by drawing on yourselves several
German divisions from other parts of the front
you greatly assisted the victorious advance of
the allied armies between Cambrai and St.
Quentin.
"Your heroism and the heroism of our com-
rades who died on the battle field will live in
history forever, and will be emulated by the-
young men of our country for generations to
come.
"To be able to say when this war is finished.
'I belonged to the 2d division: I fought with
it at the battle of Blanc Mont ridge,' will be
the highest honor that can come to any man.
"JOHN A. LEJEUNE.
"Major-General. United States Marine Corps.
Commandins-. ' '
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
6TL
Marksmanship Amazes Allies.
Thus it is that the United States marines
have fulfilled the glorious traditions of their
corps in this their latest duty as the "soldiers
who go to sea." Their snapshooting-— and in
one regiment 93 per cent of the men wear the
medal of a marksman, a sharpshooter, or an
expert rifleman — has amazed soldiers of Euro-
pean armies, accustomed merely to shooting'
in the general direction of the enemy. Under
the fiercest fire they have calmly adjusted
thrir sights, aimed for their man and Killed
him. and in bayonet attacks their advance on
machine gun nests has been irresistible. In
the official citation lists more than one Amer-
ican marine is credited with taking an enemy
machine gun single handed, bayoneting its
crew and then turning the gun against the
foe. In one battle alone, that of Belleau
wood, the citation lists bear the names of
fully 500 United States marines who so dis-
tinguished themselves in battle as to call
forth the official commendation of their su-
perior officers.,
Corps Fulfilled Every Glorious Tradition.
More than faithful in every emergency, ac-
cepting hardships with admirable morale,
proud of the honor of taking their pla3e as
shock troops for the American legions, they
have fulfilled every glorious tradition of their
corps, and they have given to the world a list
of heroes whose names will ero down to all
history. Let one. therefore, stand f9r the many;
one name denote all, one act of heroism tell
the story of the countless deeds of bravery
that stand forth brilliantly upon the victo-
rious pages of America's participation in this
the world's greatest war:
"First Sergeant Daniel Daly, 73d (machine
gun) company, twice holder of the medal of
honor, repeatedly performed deeds of valor and
great service. On June 5 he extinguished, at
risk of his life, fire in the ammunition dump
at Lucy-le-Boeage. On June 7, while sector was
under one of its heaviest bombardments, he
visited all gun crews of his company, then
posted over a wide section of front, cheering
the men. On June 10. single handed, he at-
tacked enemy machine gun emplacement and
captured it by use of hand grenades and his
automatic pistol. On the same date, during
enemy attack on Bouresches. he brought in
wounded under fire. At all times, by his
reckless daring, constant attention to the wants
of his men, and his unquenchable optimism,
he was a tower of strength until wounded
by enemy shrapnel fire on June 20. A peer-
less soldier of the old school, twice decorated
for gallantry in China and Santo Domingo."
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF, GEN. PEYTON C. MARCH.
Copyright, Clinedinrt
GEN. PEYTON C.
MARCH.
cassful conclusion
Following is the full text of the annual
report of the army chief of staff, Gen. Peyton
C. March, to the secre-
tary of war. It in--
eludes a chronology of
the major operations
of the American army
in France up to and
including Nov. 11, 1918,
the date of the sign-
ing of the armistice
and consequent cessa-
tion of hostilities:
Office of Chief of Staff.
Washington, Nov. 11,
1918.
The Honorable the
Secretary of War— Sir :
The signing of the arm-
istice on Nov. 11. 1918,
has brought to a suc-
._ . _ _ the most remarkable
achievement in the history of all warfare.
The entry of the United States into the war
on April 6, 1917, found the nation about as
thoroughly unprepared for the great task
which was confronting it as any great nation
which had ever engaged in war. Starting
from a minimum of organized strength, within
this short period of sixteen months the entire
resources of the country in men, money and
munitions have been placed under central
control, and at the end of this period the
nation was in its full stride and had accom-
plished, from a military standpoint, what our
enemy regarded as the impossible. The most
important single thing, perhaps, in this record
of accomplishment was the immediate passage
by congress of the draft law. without which
it would have been impossible to have raised
the men necessary for victory. In organizing,
training and supplying the vast numbers of
men made available by the draft law vep*
many changes have been made necessary in
the organization of the war department and
in the methods existing therein which were
inherited from the times of profound peace.
Interchange of Staff Personnel.
Shortly after my installation as chief of
staff I adopted the principle of interchange
of the personnel of the various staff corps
of the war department with men who had
training in France, and in the application
of this principle placed as the heads of vari-
ous bureaus officers selected on account of
their ability and experience in the system
of warfare as conducted in France.
At this time, also, I found that the divi-
sions organized in our armies were still re-
garded as separate unrts, designated by differ-
ent titles in accordance with their origin. This
made three different kinds of divisions in the
United States army — the regular army, the
national guard and national army divisions.
All these distinctions were abolished and the
entire army consolidated into a United States
army, without regard to the source from
which drawn. The source of supply df all
replacements lor the various elements of the
army, without regard to their origin, was
drafted men: 'and the titles had no signifi-
cance whatever and were a source of possible
disturbance from the standpoint of military
efficiency. There was, in fact, no actual dif-
ference between these divisions with respect
to efficiency — all have done high-grade work
from whatever source drawn. All have
shown courage and capacity for quick absorp-
tion of the fundamentals of modern military
training and irresistible dash and force in
actual fighting.
Promotion by Selection.
Accompanying this change, with your ap-
proval, I also introduced throughout the army
the principle of promotion by selecti9n. In
order to conform to its legal organization, of-
ficers who belonged to the regular army con-
tinued to be promoted by seniority as a mat-
ter of record on paper, but the promotion of
all officers, whether obtained from the regular
army, national guard or national army, in
the consolidated United States army was by
selection, based entirely upon the merit of the
officers as determined by boards organized in
the different units and personally familiar with
the work of the officers concerned. Without
this principle the success which has been at-
tained would have been literally out of the
question. The necessity for promotion by se-
lection was at an early date profoundly im-
pressed upon all officers in authority in the
American expeditionary forces, and on my re-
turn to this country from France to become
chief of staff the principle was adopted for
the entire army.
Results of Visit to France.
When I returned from France on March 1.
1918. I came back with the belief that the
most fundamental necessity, both for the
American expeditionary force and for the sue-
572
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
cess of the allies, was that the shipment of
troops to France should be vastly increased
and should have priority over everything else;
and as this policy became effective a study
was instituted looking- to our putting: in
France, if that was possible, enough men to
bring' the war to a conclusion in the shorte&t
period possible. After a study of the entire
situation, including as accurate an estimate of
the potential strength of our allies on the
western front and of the probable German
strength as was possible, I came to the con-
clusion that the war might be brought to an
end in 1919, provided we were able to land
in France by June 30 of that year eighty
American divisions of a strength of 3,360,000
men. On July 18, 1918, I submitted to you
a formal memorandum, accompanied by a
study of methods by which the men could be
obtained, the supplies procured, and an an-
alysis of the shipping which must be obtained
in order to accomplish this very large military
program. This was accompanied by an esti-
mate of the cost of the proposed program.
Formation of Military Program.
In this study I recommended to you the
adoption, as the American program, of eighty
divisions in France and eighteen at home by
June 30, 1919, based on a total strength of
the American army of 4,850,000 men. This
was approved by you and by the president of
the United States and adopted as our formal
military program. To carry this program into
effect required the adoption by congress of a
change in the draft ages so as to include men
between the ages of 18 and 45 years, and also
created a deficiency o\fer the enormous ap-
propriations already made by congress of some
$7.000,000,000. The presentation of the pro-
gram to congress, accompanied by the state-
ment that this increase in the army, if laws
were passed by congress which would make
it effective, would lead to success in 1919,
produced prompt and favorable consideration
by that body. Up to the signing of the
armistice troops were being transported to
France monthly in accordance with that pro-
gram. The results speak for themselves.
Another vital requirement which was early
impressed upon us in France was the organ-
ization of a general staff for the American
expeditionary force upon the lines, which the
experience of warfare by our allies had de-
veloped. It can be stated without qualifica-
tion that the success of an army is impos-
sible without a well-organized general staff.
Organization of General Staff.
On April 6, 1917, the date of the declara-
tion of the war, the general staff was organ-
ized under the provisions of the act of June
3. 1916. Under this act the strength of the
general staff was limited to fifty-five officers,
exclusive of the chief of the militia bureau
and the chief of coast artillery, with the pro-
viso that "not more than one-half of all the
officers detailed in said corps shall at any time
be stationed, or assigned to, or employed upon
any duty in or near the District of Columbia."
On the date referred to. under the limitations
imposed by this act. the general staff con-
sisted of nineteen officers stationed in Wash-
ington and twenty-two stationed elsewhere.
The task of preparing the plans for creating,
mobilizing, organizing, training, equipping, j
transporting to Europe, and of maintaining
and supplying there the present army of the
United States accordingly devolved upon a
group of nineteen officers, who constituted the
general staff authorized by law to be stationed
in the city of Washington. This personnel
was, of course, ridiculously inadequate, not
only for the gigantic task confronting them
but for any general staff work commensurate
with the responsibilities of that corps.
fncreasfd by Art of May IS.
The act of May 12. 1917. increased the gen-
eral staff to ninety-one and removed, for the
period of the emergency only, the restrictions
of the act of June 3, 1916, relative to the
number of these officers authorized to be sta-
tioned in Washington. This act was followed
by the act of May 18, 1917, which authorized
the president "to provide the necessary of-
ficers, line and staff," for the forces raised
under this act, and removed for the period
of the emergency the legislative restrictions
as to the strength and organization of the
general staff corps. On July 1, 1917, the per-
spnnel of the general staff corps consisted of
ninety-four officers, seventy-three of whom
were detailed under the provisions of the act
of congress approved May 12, 1917, and
twenty-one under the provisions of the act
approved May 18, 1917. Of this number
sixty-four were on duty in Washington.
During the period covered by this report
the personnel on duty with the general staff
was increased until it reached a total of 1.223
officers, with an increase in the clerical force
from 107 clerks to 2,884. The low ebb to
which the general staff had been brought im-
mediately previous to the war by restrictive
legislation is indicated by the fact that of
the officers so detailed in Washington only
four had previous general staff experience: all
of these were general officers. That the gen-
eral staff of the army has been able, notwith-
standing the legislative limitations heretofore
imposed upon its organization and develop-
ment, to develop and expand to meet with ef-
ficiency and promptitude the exacting and un-
precedented demands and conditions that have
confronted it bears eloquent testimony to the
energy, resourcefulness and breadth of views
of its personnel, as well as to the professional
ability and the zeal of experts in every line of
work who have in various capacities pa-
triotically assisted and co-operated in carrying*
to its present state our tremendous military
program.
Removal of Restrictions Advised.
Modern war involves the co-ordination and
control of activities of a scope and magnitude
hitherto not conceived of and requires on the
part of the general staff a thorough study and
knowledge of problems of construction, trans-
portation, shipping, labor, manufacture, and
finance, and demands skill and service com-
parable to that of the foremost experts in
these lines of endeavor. It is now evident tb
everybody that present legislative restrictions
upon the organization of the general staff
should be removed, and its organization based
upon a broad conception of its duties.
During the year, the most important in the
history of the country both from a military
and civil standpoint, there have been four
heads of the general staff: Maj.-Gen. Hugh L.
Scott, from the outbreak of the war until his
retirement. Sept. 22, 1917: Gen. Tasker H.
Bliss, from that date until May 19, 1918;
Maj.-Gen. John Biddle, acting chief of staff at
periods during the absence of Gen. Bliss in
France, from Oct. 29, 1917. to Dec. 16, 1917.
and from Jan. 9. 1918, to March 3. 1918. I
assumed the duties of acting chief of staff on
March 4, 1918,. became chief of staff May 20.
1918, and have continued on that duty since.
Certain Regulations "Out of Date."
It was evident as the war progressed that
the general staff was acting under an organ-
ization and in accordance with regulations
which were not only unsuited to the duties
and . responsibilities confronting it, but were
wholly out of date and were not suited to any
general staff organization. Successive revisions
of the orders under which the general staff
was acting were made as events demanded,
until the experience of the year crystallized the
organization of the general staff into that set
forth in General Order Np. 80 of the war de-
partment. This order divides the work of the
general staff into four primary divisions: 1.
Operations; 2, Purchase, Storage, and Trai-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
573
fie; 3, Military Intelligence ; 4, War Plans.
Each of these divisions is under the direction
of a director, who is assistant chief of staff
and is a general officer.
The Operations Division.
The operations division under the charge
of Ma j. -Gen. Henry Jervey, United States
army, as director of operations and assistant
chief of staff. This division is a consolidation
of the former operations committee and equip-
ment committee, which pertained to the war
college under the previous organization. The
operations division has had charg-e of the in-
crease in the personnel of the army during' the
year. On June 30. 1917, the regular army
consisted of 250,357 officers and enlisted men.
On Aug. 5. 1917, 379,323 officers and men of
the national guard were drafted into the fed-
eral service. There were a few special drafts
of small numbers of national guardsmen into
the federal service after Augr. 5, 1917. Dur-
ing- the period covered by this report this di-
vision handled the calls into service of men
obtained under the draft, the organization of
these men into divisions and units necessary
for the army, and turned over for shipment
overseas up to Nov. 8, 1918, 2,047,667 men.
The grand total of men in the army from re-
turns for the period ending Oct. 15 is 3,624,-
774. The force was organized into divisions,
the proper proportion of corps, army, and
service of supply troops, and of replacement
camps and training centers for infantry, field
artillery, and machine guns in the United
States. Central officers' training schools were
organized at each of the replacement camps.
Replacement camps and training centers for
the various staff departments were also or-
ganized. Development battalions were organ-
ized at all division camps and large posts and
camps for the purpose of developing men of
poor physique and the instruction of illiterates
and non-English-speaking men of the draft.
During the fiscal year 5.377,468 officers and
men were moved by railroad to and from the
camps.
The operations division has during- the year
also handled all matters connected with the
adoption of new types of equipment, fixing
allowances for various units, the preparation
of tables of equipment for them, and the dis-
tribution and issue of equipment, and the de-
termination of priorities of such issue.
It has supervised and studied the needs of
cnmps and construction work therein, and this
work in general has been characterized by
marked ability and devotion to duty.
Purchase, Storage and Traffic Division.
The division of purchase, storage and traf-
fic is under the charge of Mai .-Gen. George W.
Goethals. United States army, as assistant
chief of staff and director of purchase, storage
and traffic. This division was organized by
merging divisions previously created, and
which had been called "storage and traffic"
and "purchase and supply." The new divi-
sion thus organized was subdivided into em-
barkation service, storage, inland traffic serv-
ice, and purchase and supply branch.
Embarkation — At the outbreak of the war
the Quartermaster's department had charge of
the transportation of troops and supplies and
continued to exercise these functions until
Aug. 4. 1917, when they were transferred to
a separate division of the general staff, spe-
cially created for the purpose, and designated
as the embarkation service. As already noted,
this was subsequently merged with the storage
and traffic division.
Two primary ports of embarkation were
established, one with headquarters at Hoboken,
N. J., and the other at Newport News, Va.,
each under the command of a general officer.
Use of Hoboken Piers.
The quartermaster's department was operat-
ing a service to Panama from New York, but
with the shipment of troops to France a new
conditipn arose which was met only in part
by taking over the Hoboken piers, formerly
owned by the Hamburg-American and North
German Lloyd Steamship companies, and the
magnitude oi the undertaking necessitated ad-
ditional facilities. The situation at New York
is complicated by the large amount of general
shipping using the port, the diversified inter-
ests, even those 9f the government, and the
complicated jurisdiction. An effort was made
to bring about such a consolidation and unifi-
cation as to secure greater co-operation with
increased efficiency. To this end the war
board for the port of New York was estab-
lished in November, 1917. It was vested with
full power and authority to make rules and
regulations for operating the facilities of the
port, to determine priprities, and to do what
was necessary to provide for the prompt and
economical dispatch of the business of the gov-
ernment in and about the port. Irving T.
Bush was selected as the board's representa-
tive, with the title of chief executive officer.
In addition to representing the board he was
to arrange lor the co-operative use of piers,
warehouses, lighterage, terminals, railroads,
trucking, and all other transportation facilities
in and about the port.
In addition the need was felt for having a
shipping expert closely associated with the
embarkation service, familiar with the facili-
ties at various ports, so that he could prop-
erly assign ships, select ships for the cargo to
be moved, and arrange for their loading.
Joseph T. Lilly was selected for this work
and appointed director of embarkation.
Cargo Ships Taken Over.
In February, 1918, the available cargo ships
were not sufficient to carry the supplies need d
for maintaining the tropps overseas. To se-
cure the requisite additional tonnage necessi-
tated taking ships from the existing trade
routes and determining from what imports and
exports they could best be spared without in-
terference with those which were absolutely
necessary. This brought about a new situa-
tion which could be handled only by those
having a knowledge of the trades as well as
the characteristics of various ships serving
them, since some of them were suitable for
war department needs and some were not.
It had happened that an advantageous ex-
change of ships could have been made with
the allies by which valuable time could have
been saved in getting over cargo, but there
was lack of knowledge as well as lack of au-
thority. The whole situation was gone over
at a conference between the secretary of war
and the chairman of the shipping board, as a
result of which the shipping control committee
was created, consisting of P. A. S. Frank-
lin, chairman: H. H. Raymond; and Sir
Connop Guthrie, representative of the allies'
shipping- interests. The allocation and dis-
tribution of available tonnage, as well as
questions of exchange of ships, was vested in
this committee. So far as the work of the
war department was concerned the committee
was charged with the loading and unloading
cargo, coaling, supplies, repairs, • and, except
where vessels are commanded by the navy, of
inspection and manning. They also have
charge of the management and operation of
docks, piers, ships, loading, and discharging-
facilities under the control of the department,
or of any board, officers, or agency operating
such facilities, together with the direction and
management of minor craft to be used in con-
nection with the handling of steamers and
their cargoes in port. The amount of cargo
shipped overseas, the efficiency of the loading,
and the reduction of the time of stay in the
ports attest to the efficient manner in which
the committee has operated, and it is not too
much to say that they are to be largely cred-
ited with the results that have been accom-
plished.
574
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Facilities at Newport News.
At Newport News the existing- facilities were
enlarged and increased under the direction of
the commanding- general of that port. At all
the ports from which shipments are regularly
made a representative of the shipping-control
committee, selected and appointed by the
chairman and designated the director of ship-
ping- f9r the port, performed the functions
vested in the committee.
The commanding- g-eneral of embarkation has
the management and control of all matters per-
taining- to the movement of troops, their dis-
cipline and inspection, guard and police for
terminal facilities connected with the port,
assigning- passengers to ships, whether army
transports, naval transports, or commercial
liners, storag-e facilities, operation and upkeep
of all docks, wharves, and terminal facilities,
the payment of all rolls, rentals, and other
accounts of the government in connection with
the embarkation service.
New York Port of Embarkation.
The port of embarkation at New York, in
addition to the activities pertaining- exclusively
to the embarkation of troops, includes Camp
Merritt, N. J., and Camp Mills, Long- Island,
where troops are sent for final inspection, de-
ficiencies in clothing- and equipment are made
up. and they are held waiting- the arrival of
.transports. This port has been in command
of Maj.-Gen. David C. Shanks and Brig-.-Gen.
William V. Judson.
At Newport News the embarkation service
included, in addition to wharves and the ad-
ministration pertaining- to the embarkation of
troops, an animal embarkation depot. Camp
Stewart, for use as a rest and embarkation
camp; Camp Hill for prganizine- labor units
for overseas service, military administration of
storage and terminal facilities at Lamberts
Point. Pig- Point, and. a signal corps depot at
Morrison, all in Virginia. This port was in
command of Brig-.-Gen. Grote Hutcheson.
Expeditionary depots were operated at Bos-
ton, Mass.: Philadelphia, Pa., and Baltimore,
Md., primarily for the movement of freight.
When carg-o ships having1 accommodations for
troops were loaded at these ports troops for
the available space were sent from the camps
under the direction of the commanding- gen-
eral at Hoboken; similarly shipments of troops
were made from Montreal, Canada, and Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia, when practicable. Carg-o
shipments were also made from other ports
on the Atlantic and gulf coasts.
On May 25. 1918, the water transport
branch of the quartermaster's department was
transferred and made a part of the embarka-
tion service.
Speeding Up Troop Shipments.
In April conditions abroad necessitated the
speeding- up shipments of troops, and brought
to the service such transports as the British
g-overnment could spare for the purpose, which
have been continued in use. The army trans-
ports are officered and manned by the navy,
as is the greater number of the cargo ships.
The arrangements for transferring ships to
naval control as well as for convoys for
troop and cargo ships are handled through the
chief of operations of the navy, who has
given every assistance. The way in which the
work has been handled by the navy is shown
by the loss of no troopships which were
under their protection on the eastbound trips.
Storage— Congestion at the ports was caused
by the shipment direct to seaboard, as soon
as procured and purchased, of all supplies for
overseas use. and this was complicated by the
fact that the allies were pursuing1 the same
practice: consequently confusion and delay-
were the result.
To prevent congestion it was necessary to
provide the necessary reservoirs to absorb the
shipments so that storage facilities had to be
secured or provided not only at the ports but
at interior points at or near the centers of
supply and production to take care of the
materials until they could be dispatched over-
seas.
At the time that the division of storage and
traffic was organized the engineer department
had taken the necessary steps to secure or
provide storage facilities in the vicinity of
New York harbor and at Norfolk.
Storage Warehouse Construction.
Storage warehouses for the quartermaster's
department were under construction at Gov-
ernors island. Newark port terminals, and
work had just been started at Norfolk.
Estimates were submitted for an appropria-
tion of $150,000.000 for the purpose of creat-
ing- s'orage, and this vas faubstqvently in-
creased by an additional appropriation of
$138.500,000. The amount of space that
should be provided was fixed by the general
staff at one month's supply at the seaboard,
one month's supply adjacent to the seaboard,
and two months' supply at interi • points.
The policy was adopted of acquiring all land
necessary for storage purposes in fee and the
construction of permanent buildings. The
question of terminals at the seaboard had be-
come a very vital one prior to the war, and
such facilities would be of value at the con-
clusion of hostilities, especially in view of the
upbuilding of our merchant marine.
The limited amount of shipping available
and the necessity of securing as rapid turn-
around as possible led to the selection of Bos-
ton, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Nor-
folk and Charleston as the locations for the
expeditionary depots at the seaboard. The
Bush terminals were commandeered and plans
prepared for an expeditionary depot at South
Brooklyn in advance of the appropriation,
work to be begun as soon as money became
available.
Letting of Construction Contracts.
The construction division had in the mean-
time been vested with sole authority in all
matters pertaining to the design, engineering
and letting of contracts and the supervision
of building- operations in connection with all
army projects, and therefpre the work has
been carried on by that division. The storage
branch employed engineers to keep in touch
with the work and indicate changes. It also
determined the types of freight handling equip-
ment required in the operation of the ware-
houses, prepared specifications for such equip-
ment and effected purchases through the
various procurement divisions of the several
supply bureaus.
Under the appropriations secured for stor*
age. w.ork was begun on the expeditionary
depots at Boston, New York, Norfolk and
Charleston. While plans were under con-
sideration for the construction of warehouses
and piers at Baltimore and New Orleans, ad-
ditional facilities for the storage of explosives
were constructed at Raritan, N. J.: Curtis Bay.
Md.. and Pig Point, Va.: and an explosive
depot is under construction at Charleston.
S. C. Joint reserve depots for army supplies
were constructed at Newark port terminal,
Columbus, New Cumberland, South Schenec-
tady and Springfield. Additional quarter-
master depots were provided at Baltimore, Chi-
cago, Jeffersonville, Newport News (pur-
chased), Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and St.
Louis.
Inland Traffic Service.
The inland traffic service was established oa
Jan. 10, 1918. As the government had taken
over all of the railroads, the necessity for
working in harmony with the organization
that was placed in charge was apparent, and
the railroad administration was requested to
recommend a competent traffic man to handle
the work. This resulted in the selection and
assignment of H. M. Adams as chief of the
section. He in turn secured his expert as-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
575
sistants through the railroad administration.
At the time the section was formed ap-
proximately 15,000 carloads of war depart-
ment property held in cars were congesting
various Atlantic ports. Steps were taken
which relieved this condition and brought
about an orderly mpvement of the traffic when
and in the Quantities desired. The value of
the inland traffic service was soon demonstrat-
ed and led to a reorganization, with authority
to take over the transportation organizations
of the various bureaus of the war depart-
ment, both at Washington and throughout the
country, so that as now organized the chief
of the inland traffic service exercises direct
control of the transportation of troops, of the
supplies of and for the various bureaus of
the war department and for the contractors
working for the several bureaus. This con-
trol extends over the entire country through
the medium of representatives stationed at
various traffic centers.
Working in conjunction with the railroad
administration has resulted in minimizing the
burdens of the carriers. The work has been
performed most efficiently. More than 5,000.-
000 troops have been moved from their
homes, from one camp to another, and from
camps to the points of embarkation within the
period covered by this report.
Arrangements have been made by which this
branch will take charge of all express move-
ments for the war department as well as the
tracing of the movements of all war depart-
ment property, including the contractors and
others lor the various bureaus.
Purchase and Supply Branch.
The purchase and supply branch ia organ-
ized into the following subsections: Supply
program, purchase, production, finance and
emergency.
The supply*1 program section receives the
army program and compiles the requirements
of the army in terms of both articles of issue
and commodities, which are furnished to the
war industries board, shipping board, war
trade board and other government agencies.
A comprehensive study of the requirement ob-
ligations of the United States and the allies
is in preparation, and a large number of out-
standing questions of displacement have been
disposed of and supplied.
The purchase section provides for the con-
solidation of procurement of numerous articles
of issue and raw material; has evolved a
standardization in the form of contracts; pre-
pared standard clauses for insertion in cpn-
tracts to establish a standard purchase policy
and legal procedure therewith; conducted in-
vestigation for reducing the number of types
of articles purchased; leased and purchased
all the real estate theretofore negotiated for
by different departments, and supervised the
commandeering and appraisal of all property
for the use of the war department. It also
co-operated with the war industries board for
clearances on behalf of the war department.
The emergency section supervised the prepa-
ration of and issued standard specifications for
Saint, boxing, crating and baling, and estab-
shed a surplus inactive supply service to pro-
vide for the utilization or disposition of ob-
solete inactive surplus supplies.
The production section provides for the ful-
fillment of promised deliveries of products in
accordance with approved schedules.
The finance section has standardized ac-
counting, fiscal methods and daily repprts to
show allotments, expenditures and requisitions
on the treasury— in fact, a brief and complete
statement in consolidated form of the daily
financial operations of the war department.
A liaison officer has been appointed for each
of the supply agencies. These officers and
their representatives form a centralized liaison
organization under the direction of an officer
of this branch, from which radiate lines of
direct and speedy communication to each of
the bureaus and corps. All conduct with these
supply agencies is carried on through thi»
liaison organization, which furnishes an ef-
fective means of co-ordination.
In the administrative section of the division
a branch was set up for industrial research,
having for its object the saving of cargo
space, and investigations were made with thi»
and in view. Regulations were issued with
reference to boxing, baling and crating, and
marking overseas shipments in co-operation
with the various bureaus and outside experts.
Special investigations were undertaken on the?
practicability of transporting boned b«ef to
France instead of the complete carcass, as at
present: the practicability of various substi-
tutes for woolen cloth; the extent to which
fiber containers can be substituted for metal-
containers. The work has been in charge of
Dr. Arthur A. Hamerschlag.
Military Intelligence Division.
The military intelligence division has as di-
rector Brig.-Gen. Marlborough Churchill.
United States army, assistant chief of staff.
This division, which had been a branch, first
of the war plans division and then of the
executive division of the general staff, was
separated completely and made an independent
division by general orders which reorganized
the general staff, thus putting the military in-
telligence division on a par with similar serv-
ices of general staffs of other nations of the
world.
The duties of the military intelligence divi-
sion consist, in general, in the organization of
the intelligence service, positive and negative,
including the collection and co-ordination of
military information; the supervision of the
department intelligence officers and intelligence;
officers at posts, stations, camps and with
commands in the field, in matters relating to
military intelligence; the direction of counter-
espionage work; the preparation of instruction
in military intelligence work for the use of
our forces: the consideration of questions of
policy promulgated by the general staff in all
matters of military intelligence; the co-opera-
tion with intelligence branches of the general
staffs of other countries; the supervision of
the training of officers for intelligence duty;
the obtaining and issuing of maps, and the
disbursement of and accounting for intelligence
funds.
Co-ordination of Work.
One of the important functions of the di-
rector of the military intelligence division is
that of co-ordinating the work of this service
with other intelligence agencies. Possible
duplications of work and investigation by the
state department, treasury department, depart-
ment of justice, navy department, war trade
board and the war department are avoided or
adjusted at weekly conferences held at the de-
partment of justice and attended by repre-
sentatives of these departments who consider
matters of common interest. For a similar
purpose the director of military intelligence is
a member of the fire prevention committee,
the war industries board and the national re-
search council.
For the purpose of securing close co-opera-
tion between the military intelligence services-
of the nations associated in the war, the Brit-
ish and French governments were requested by
the United States to send officers to this coun-
try for liaison duty. These officers have been
of great assistance in accomplishing this end
because of their knowledge of the details ol
intelligence work in Europe.
Eight Sections Established.
For the performance of the service for
which the military intelligence division was de-
veloped, pig-lit sections have been established,
each dealing with its peculiar problems and
676
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1910.
•working1 in close liaison with its fellows. They
are as follows:
M. I. 1. This is the administrative and co-
ordinating1 section. Its duties are to assist
the director in supervising- the work of the
various sections, to account for the intelligence
funds, to keep accurate records and files of
the correspondence and reports of the divi-
sion, to select and commission officers for this
division, and to hire and supervise civilian
personnel.
M. I. 2. This is the positive intelligence sec-
tion. It is the proviuce of this section to
gather combat information and supply it to
our fighting' forces. It gathers political in-
formation from all countries now in the war
against the United States or likely to enter
the war on the side of the enemy. It at-
tempts to estimate the psychological situation
in enemy or prospective enemy countries. Fur-
ther than this M. I. 2 develops plans for prop-
aganda in foreign countries, prepares mono-
graphs on conditions in foreign countries and
keeps them up to date. It distributes this
information to the proper authorities.
M. I. 3. The functions of this section con-
sist in the organization, instruction and super-
vision of the negative intelligence service
•within the military establishment; more spe-
cifically it protects the army by the preven-
tion and detection of enemy and disloyal activ-
ity among the military, including' civilian per-
sonnel under military authority and in volun-
teer auxiliary organizations.
Watch on Enemy Agents.
M. I. 4. The function of M. I. 4 is the col-
lection, collatipn and proper dissemination of
information with respect to the activities of
enemy agents and propagandists in this coun-
try, and movements outside the army calcu-
lated to hinder the successful prosecution of
the war.
M. I. 5. This section is concerned with tiie
maintenance of close correspondence with mili-
tary attaches abroad who collect information
•concerning the activities of enemy agents and
other matters of military value. It digests
all such information and places it in the
proper channels for use.
M. I. 6. The work of this section is to
translate for the war department the mass of
material in foreign languages which it re-
ceives and which may be of value to the mili-
tary organizations.
M. I. 7. This section is charged with 9b-
taining maps issued by foreign countries, with
making maps of foreign countries, with keep-
ing: them UP to date, with their reproduction
by photography and lithography, and with the
censorship of motion and still pictures of the
United States forces at home and abroad.
Code and Cipher Section.
M. I. 8. Code and cipher is handled by this
section. Its duties are to code and decode
messages, to prepare new code material, new
code books and cipher systems, to train of-
ficers and military attaches in the use of the
army code book and the official cipher, to
decipher or decode messages submitted by vari-
ous agents and to test for secret writing.
This section also receives and transmits mes-
sages from and to military attaches and in-
telligence officers, and encodes and decodes
those that require secrecy. The messages of
the American Protective league are also han-
dled here.
It may not be amiss to call attention to the
enthusiastic co-operation which this division
has cpnsistently received from the various
other intelligence agencies, civilian and others.
The American Protective league, the depart-
ment of justice, the office of naval intelli-
gence, the customs, the war trade intelligence
have all co-operated in the heartiest manner
•with each and every effort of the military in-
telligence division. Indeed, it is hardly saying
top much to state that the success of the
military intelligence division has in a very
large measure been due to the loyal assistance
which it has received at all times from the
various agencies whose functions are similar
to its own.
War Plans Division.
The war plans division of the general staff
is under the direction of Brig, -Gen. Lytle
Brown as director and assistant chief of staff.
A very large volume of work has been ac-
complished by this division during the year.
Exclusive of subjects pertaining to the his-
torical branch, the inventions section and rou-
tine matters. 9,287 cases were handled by the
division during the year.
These included studies as to policies for de-
fense and the organization of the military
forces in general as published in tables of
organization, completed studies on the policy
and plans for training the army in general,
training replacement troops, training cadres,
training centers, training schools, schools for
senior and staff officers, and plans for physical
reconstruction and vocational training of
wounded soldiers.
In addition, through the training section, the
war plans division has supervision of training
in general and has kept in touch by inspec-
tions by its officers with methods used and
progress made.
The legislative, regulations and rulea branch
of the war plans division has handled numer-
ous changes in army regulations and war de-
partment orders made necessary by the present
emergency, and has considered bills before con-
gress pertaining to the army.
T.he Historical Branch.
The historical branch of the general staff
was organised March 5, 1918, to collect and
compile the records pertaining to the war
under the approved policy, and satisfactory
progress is being made. To June 30, 1918.
67,022 photographs and 2,590 feet of motion
picture film had been received.
The inventions section was organized April
16. 1918. This section has taken over from
the different agencies of the government the
preliminary consideration of inventions and
ideas of inventions of a military nature, with
a view to placing before the p'roper bureaus
of the war department those having sufficient
military value to warrant test and develop-
ment at the expense of the government. From.
April 16, 1918, to June 30, 1918, 4,645 cases
were handled, a number of which were of ex-
ceptional merit and have already been put
to use.
The work of the inventions section is not
the development of ideas or inventions, bu*
is to give them such preliminary study and
consideration as to determine whether or not
development should be pursued, and to for-
ward them, if the consideration has been fa-
vorable, to such agencies as are particularly
interested in the development and have the
necessary funds for the purpose.
The chief »of staff has as his principal as-
sistant Maj.-Gen. Frank Mclntyre, United
States army, who acts as executive officer for
the general staff and also for the chief of staff
in his absence.
The Morale Section.
Besides the general staff divisions which have
been referred to in the foregoing, there has
been established in the general staff a morale
section, under charge of Brig.-Gen. E. L. Mun-
son. United States army, which has for its
object primarily the stimulation of morale
throughout the army, and maintaining a close
connection and liaison with similar activities
in civil life. This section had only gotten
fairly into operation before the signing of the
armistice, but had already shown its value,
as a military asset.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
677
Another important addition to the organiza-
tion of the general staff has been the estab-
lishment of a personnel section, under charge
of Brig-. -Gen. P. P. Bishop. United States
army. In this section has been consolidated
the handling ol appointments, promotions and
commissions of the entire official personnel of
the United States army. This section has
proved to be of the greatest value and has
come to stay.
"Lost Motion" Revealed.
A general survey of the staff activities of
the war department revealed to me clearly
that there was a great deal of lost motion, in
the matters of procurement of supplies oi aU
kinds and in its storage and transportation. All
the different staff corps were competing with
each other for standard articles of purchase,
and no attempt was made by the department
to centralize the supply of such standard ar-
ticles. The same thing was true of storage —
each one of the staff corps having its own
system of storage with the most uneconomical
organization possible. The same situation was
true with reference to the personnel, all the
different arms of the service seeking the same
class of men. instead of the men themselves
being assigned by selective process to the posi-
tion in the army for which they were best
suited by their previous education and where
they could do the most toward the common
good.
In the matter of supplies the director of
purchase, storage and traffic was given author-
ity by me to take over from the various bu-
reaus of the war department certain functions
of procurement and storage, not interfering in
any way with engineering or technical mat-
ters pertaining to specialized corps. This
process was accompanied by the establishment
of the office of director of finance, in whom
has been vested the handling of certain por-
tions of the appropriations which hitherto
have been handled by heads of the staff corps.
The Personnel Section.
The same general idea is the basis of the
establishment of the personnel section. Under
the new system, if the head of a staff bureau
desires the appointment of officers possessing
certain special qualifications, instead of him-
self submitting names of men to be appointed
officers, he calls upon personnel for the ap-
pointment of a number of men having the
Qualifications he has in mind, and the per-
sonnel section, from its classification of all
men in the United States suitable for the
work in Question, is able to have commissioned
lor all the technical bureaus men with quali-
fications desired.
The signing of the armistice has interrupted
the conclusion of the organization now under
•way for the consolidation of procurement and
storage under the directpr of purchase, storage
and traffic, but the principle is sound from
the standpoint of organization and extremely
economical in its results.
In addition to the changes indicated in the
foregoing, a number of entirely new organiza-
tions have been created in the war department.
The handling of production and personnel per-
taining to the gas service, which I found was
scattered among four different staff bureaus,
was consolidated in the chemical warfare serv-
ice and placed under the charge of Maj.-Gen.
William L. Sibert. United States army, with
a resulting marked increase in efficiency of
the service itself.
A similar cpnsolidation ol all the motor
transport facilities. which were scattered
throughout the various supply bureaus ol the
government, into a motor transport corps, un-
der Brig.-Gen. Charles B. Drake. United States
army, has placed this important development
ol modern warfare under a sound organiza-
tion.
Similar Organizations Overseas.
The organization ol these services in the
United States was accompanied by similar or-
ganizations in the American expeditionary
lorce in France.
The supply ol officers lor the very large
military program has been tnroughout one ol
the most important problems which confront-
ed the general staff. I have already indicated
in the statement of the functions of the op-
erations division of the general staff the or-
ganization of central training camps lor of-
ficers throughout the United States. When,
however we embarked upon the final pro-
gram of placing eighty divisions in France
and eighteen at home by June 30, 1919, which
involved aji army of approximately 4,800,000,
the problem ol the supply of officers became
so serious that an understanding was obtained
with the great mass of educational institu-
tions throughout the United States result-
ing in the development of the student army
training corps. This scheme absorbed lor mili-
tary purposes the academic plants ol some
518 colleges and universities throughout the
country and lor vocational training in the
army embraced some eighty more. This
corps was put under the charge ol Brig.-Gen.
Robert I. Rees, United States army, and in its
development we have had the energetic co-
operation ol college presidents and responsible
college authorities throughout the entire
United States. At the same time, in order to
increase the supply of officers, the course at
West Point was cut down to one year's in-
tensive training, with the idea oi placing at
the disposal ol the government 1,000 officers a
year graduated from that extremely efficient
plant rather than the graduation ol about liOO.
which had been the case previously through-
out the war.
Air Service and Signal Corps.
The separation ol the air service from the
signal corps, under the provisions of the
Overman bill, and the establishment of a bu-
reau ol military aeronautics, under Maj.-Gen.
William L. Kenly, United States army, and of
a bureau of aircraft production, under John
D. Ryan, marked an extremely important step
forward in the development ol this portion
ol the military establishment. The armistice
closes out this matter with the two branches
ol the air service in a state ol marked effi-
ciency and establishes unquestionably the
necessity lor the permanent separation ol the
air service irom the signal corps in the re-
organization ol the army.
During this period another new agency
created in the war department by executive
order was the office of the chief of field ar-
tillery. This office has been filled by Maj.-
Gen. William J. Snow, United States army.
This establishment was accompanied by the
creation in the American expeditionary force
in France of the office of chief pi artillery
on Gen. Pershing's stall, having similar rela-
tion to all the artillery ol the expeditionary
lorce which the chiel ol field artillery has to-
ward the mobile artillery at home. The work
ot this office has been accompanied by a
marked increase in the efficiency ql the train-
ing system in the various field artillery camps,
and the office itsell has proved to be ol dis-
tinct value.
Plan for Army Reorganization.
I have directed the divisions of the general
staff concerned to study and submit lor your
consideration a plan lor the reorganization oi
.our army, which will take advantage ol our
experience in this war. which has brought
about many changes in organization of all
arms of the service and has developed new
arms not known when the war started. The
air service, the tank corps, the development
of heavy mobile artillery, the proper organiza-
tion of divisions, corps and armies, all will
be set forth in the scheme which will be sub-
mitted to you with the recommendation that
it be transmitted for the consideration ol con-
The historical section ol the general staff,
which hns been organized for the purpose
ol digesting all inlortnation concerning the
operations ol all American lorces. will in due
process oi time be able to completely sum-
marize the work ol the American expedition-
578
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ary force in France, but at this time it
has been out of the question for a complete
statement of our operations to be more than
indicated. I have therefore had prepared a
chronology of the major American operations
in France, covering: the period from the first
occupation of a sector of the line by Amer-
ican troops in April, 1918, to the time of
fie armistice, which is appended hereto as
a matter of historical interest.
America's Pride in Her Armies.
The conduct of the American troops in
France, their progressive development in mili-
tary experience and ability, the fine staff
work and the modesty and gallantry of the
individual soldier are a matter of pride to
:ill Americans. Gen. Pershing and his com-
mand have earned the thanks of the Amer-
ican people.
The work of Gen. Tasker H. Bliss as mili-
tary representative of the war department
with the American section of the supreme
war council at Versailles has been ' of the
greatest value to the war department.
I cannot close this report without making
of record the appreciation of the war de-
partment of the work of the many trained
and patriotic officers of the army whom the
destiny of war did not call to France. These
officers, forced to remain behind in the United
States by the imperative necessity of hayingr
trained men to keep the machine moving,
have kept up their work with such intelli-
gence, zeal and devotion to duty as to show
a high order o<f patriotism. The officers and
men who have not been able on account of
the armistice to be transported! to< France de-
serve also, with their comrades in France, the
shanks of the American, people.
P. C. MARCH.
General, Chief of Staff.
Chronology of Major Operations,
The chronology referred to in the foregoing
report follows :
April 28-29— A sector in the vicinity of Bre-
teuil, northwest of Montdidier. was occupied
by the 1st division.
May 28 — Cantigny was captured by the 1st
division. A detachment of our troops, re-
enforced by French artillery, successfully at-
tacked the enemy on a front of about 2,220
yards. We occupied Cantigny, captured some
200 prisoners and inflicted severe losses on
the enemy.
June 10 — The 2d division attacked in Bois de
Belleau. advancing the line 900 yards on a
front of one and one-half miles, capturing 300
prisoners, thirty machine guns, four trench
mortars and stores of small arms, ammuni-
tion and equipment. Held all of Hill 204
down to the village on the northeast slope,
thus preventing the enemy from concentrating
his forces in the northern part of Chateau
Thierry.
June 11— The 2d division continued its ad-
vance in the Bois de Belleau, capturing: more
prisoners and machine guns and two 77 milli-
meter fieldpieces. Our aviators executed their
first bombing raid, dropping numerous bombs
on the railway station at Dommary-Baran-
court. northwest of Metz. All of our planes
returned in safety. The artillery of the 2d
division shelled the enemy in their areas, pre-
venting concentration near Torcy, Monthiers,
Hill 128 and La Gonetrie farm. It discovered
and dispersed a group of 210 machine guns in
the wood south of Etrepilly. The 2d division
captured the last of the German positions in
the Bois de Belleau, taking fifty prisoners,
machine guns and trench mortars.
July 18 — French and American troops ad-
vanced under the cover of a heavy storm on
the front between Soissons and Chate.-ni
Thierry. The greatest advance was in the
northern part of the sector, where a depth of
five miles was attained, and we reached the
heights southwest of Soissons. dominating the
railroad and highways.
July 24. — The advance -of the Franco-Amer-
ican forces continued and in the evening the
line ran east of Buzancy to Tigny. to Har-
tennes. Grand Rozoy. Ouichy-le-Chateau Armen-
tieres. Coincy, Courpoil, and then joined the
old line at Jaulponne. West of Reims, Mar-
faux was retaken and the line ran from Au-
Villy, through Mezy, and joined the old line at
Coulommes.
July 25 — The line ran from the Ourcq to
the Marne, where the allied troops advanced
six kilometers in the center and three to four
kilometers on the flanks. The line in the eve-
ning ran from Armentieres to Bruyeres, the
eastern edge of the Bois de la Tournelle, the
eastern edge of Beuvardes, the eastern edge of
Le Charnel, the crossroads at Gros Chene, La
Boulangere, the northern edge of Treloup.
Chassins.
July 26 — The line ran: Nanteuil, Notre
Dame, Hill 123, Hill 118, La Misere, Hill
100. southwestern part of Bois de la Tour-
nelle, Hill 111, Le Charnel. Hard fighting
continued all day and the French and Ameri-
cans steadily advanced on Fere.
July 27— The 42d division tried to cross the
Ourcq, but was driven back by heavy artil-
lery fire.
July 28 — The 42d division renewed the as-
sault, crossed the river and after vigorous
fighting took Seringes-et-Nesles, Nesles and
Sergy. The 28th division held the line about
one kilometer north of the Ourcq. During the
day slow progress was made, the enemy slowly
ft-lling back after bitter rear guard action.
July 29. — Franco-American troops advanced
three kilometers from Oulchy to Villers Agron
and Bougneux. Saponay. Seringes. Nesles and
Clerges were included within our lines.
July 30 — Our pressure continued on the right
bank of the Ourcq. The railroad station at
Fere and Cayenne farm remained in our pos-
session. We lost Seringes-et-Nesles. but re-
occupied Sergy. Hill 312 and the woods eight
kilometers north of Roncheres.
July 31— The 28th division retook Seringes-
et-Nesles. The 32d division attacked in Crim-
pettes woods with success: the woods were
taken, and troops advanced to Cierges. Ger-
man counterattacks were brilliantly repulsed
with the bayonet, and an immense amount of
materiel and equipment was taken from the
enemy.
Aug. 3 — After continuous fighting late in the
evening Soissons was taken, and a line ex-
tending along the Vesle to between Braisne
and Bazoches was being consolidated. South
of the Aisne our troops drove back the enemy
rear guard. Acting with the 4th division, the
32d division reached a line from Ville Savoye
to a point just north of St. Gilles.
Aug. 4 — A large enemy patrol attacked in
the vicinity of Coulees, but was driven oft
by a combat group of the 5th division, which
bad been re-enforced. Our troops were very
active in patrolling, having sent out over
seven reconnoissance, combat and ambush pa-
trols. The 32d division took Fismes. In an
eight-day battle this division forced the pas-
sage of the Ourcq. took prisoners from six
enemy divisions, met, routed and decimated a
crack division of the Prussian guards, a Ba-
varian division and one other enemy division,
and drove the enemy line back for sixteen
kilometers.
Aug. 6 — The 28th division launched an at-
tack the objective of which was the north
bank of the Vesle. The attack was met by
exceedingly heavy machine gun and artillery
fire. On the right our troops succeeded in
crossing the river and advancing to the high-
way which runs from Reims to Soissons. On
the left the advance was held up by the en-
emy's fire.
Aug. 7 — The units on the left advanced
across the river and occupied the railroad
lines on the north bank. The casualties re-
sulting from this operation were considerable.
A violent enemy counterattack was completely
repulsed and a number of prisoners and ma-
chine guns were left in our hands.
Aug. 8 — As a result of successfxil operations
on the evening of Aug. 8, eleven companies of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOP. 1919.
579
infantry and some machine gun attachments
of the 2Sth division reached the north bank of
Aug. 10— The 28th division launched an at-
tack in Fismette. A creeping- barrage moved
ahead of them. They made some progress,
but were soon exposed to flanking- fire from
both the east and the west and were forced to
fall back into Fismette. The position here
was very difficult. Flanking- machine gun fire
came from both sides and heavy casualties
were reported. A box barrage was placed
around the town and ammunition was sent up.
The town was held by one battalion, with
one machine gun platoon, which received or-
ders to hold the position at all costs.
Aug. 17 — After strong: artillery preparation
the infantry of the 5th division captured the
village of Frapelle and consolidated the lines
north of the road running- into the town from
the southeast.
Aug-. 19 — The enemy continued shelling1 Fra-
pelle positions and the artillery of the 5th
division replied actively.
Auf. 21— The 5th division repulsed hostile
attack with heavy loss to the enemy and with
no casualties to ourselves. The 32d division,
acting- with the 10th French army, advanced
to and held Juvig-ny. The 77th division
cleared the small wood between the Vesle and
the railroad west of Chateau du Diable.
Sept. 3.— During- the five days prior to Sept.
3 the 32d division made daily advances
;;g-amst the enemy, gaining- six kilometers
through very difficult terrain and ag-ainst vio-
lent oppositipn. It captured eleven officers
and 920 enlisted men. A larg-e amount of
g-uns and munitions was captured. A patrol
of the 77th division penetrated to Bazoches.
Sept. .5. — French and American units ad-
vanced in the Oise-Reims area as far as Conde.
Strong- patrols of the 77th division were
pushed forward north of the Vosle and were
encountered by machine run resistance. Our
casualties were slight. The 28th division
crossed the Vesle in force and pursued the
enemy to the north.
Sept. 6— The artillery of the 28th division
directed harassing1 and destructive fire on the
Aisne bridges, while the enemy harassed the
villages in our rear areas, using- a great num-
ber of gas shells.
Sept. 7— The 28th division repulsed two en-
emy counterattacks. The 77th division drove
the enemy out of La Cendiere farm and passed
the Aisne canal.
Sept. 12 — After four hours' bombardment our
troops advanced on the south and west flanks
of the St. Mihiel salient at 5 a. m. By 7:30
a. m. the forces operating- on the south had
reached the southern edge of the Bois Juli,
the Quart de Reserve, and the northern edge
of the Bois de Mort Mare. By noon they had
reached Essey and Vieville and the army op-
erating- in the difficult ground in the west had
captured Les Eparg-es. At 6 p. m. the troops
hnd reached a point one kilometer east of
Senzey and had taken St. Remy and Combres.
During- the nicrht the troons on the western
flank of the salient advanced five miles in
five hours, rpnching Vigneulles by 3 a. m.
Sept. 14 — There was general advance along1
the entire line, and the American army estab-
lished itself on the following- front: Mnn-
heulles, Fresnes. Pintheville, St. Hilaire, Don-
co-ort, northeast of Woel, south end of the
Etang de Lachaussee. Vandieres and across the
!Moselle at. Chnmp_ey.
Sept. 17 — American troops advanced alongr
the Moselle within 300 yards of Paguy.
Sept. 18 — The 26th division made two raids
during the night. One against St. Hilaire was
without result, as the enemy had retired: the
other ag-ainst the Bois de Warville resulted in
the capture of fifteen prisoners.
Sept. 19— The 92d division renulsed an at-
tempted enemy raid in the St. Die sector.
Sept. 20— The 92d division repulsed two
enemy rnids in the region of Lesseux.
Sept. 26 — The 1st army attacked northwest
of Verdun on a front of twenty miles and
penetrated to an average depth of seven miles.
Sept. 27— The 107th regiment of the 27th
division attacked east of Bellicourt and at-
tained its objectives.
Sept. 29 — In the Argonne the Americana
met with furious resistance. Their losses weiv
heavy, and they were unaole to do more than,
hold their own.
Sept. 30— The 27th and 30th divisions took
prisoners north of St. Quentiii totaling ^10 of-
ficers and more than 1,200 men.
Oct. 1— The 28th division repulsed' a hostile
counterattack on the entire divisional front
in the Aire valley, with very heavy losses to
the enemy.
Oct. 3 — The 2d division, operating- with the
4th French army, made an advance of two-
kilometers, reaching Medeah farm in the aft-
emoon. In the evening the 2d division ad-
vanced about three kilometers, and their line
ran from Medeah farm southwest, along the
road to Blanc Mont. They captured 1,000 pris-
oners and casualties were estimated at 500.
Oct. 4 — The 1st division attacked on botk.
sides of Exermont and made progress in
epite of strong opposition from the enemy,
who resisted with machine guns in organized
opposition. Approximately 300 prisoners were
taken and our casualties were 1,500.
Oct. 5— The 1st division captured Arietal
farm and the line was advanced 400 yards
beyond. The 6th division repulsed a larger
enemy raid on Sondernach.
Oct. 7 — A brigade of the 82d division ad-
vanced seven kilometers, occupying Hill 223.
north of Chatel Chehery: forty-six prisoners,
wore captured, including- one officer. Our
casualties were light. Later the enemy coun-
terattacked and reoccupied Hill 223. north of
Chatel Chehery.
Oct. 8— The 59th brigade of the 30th divi-
sion attacked at 5 a. m. over a front of
5,000 yards, gained all first objectives by 9
a. m. and second objectives by noon. Fifty
officers, 1,500 men and four 101 millimeter
guns were taken.
Oct. 8-9 — The 2d corps advanced about seven
miles on a front of 4,000 yards and captured
about 2,000 prisoners and thirty guns.
Oct. 9 — In spite of strong resistance the lr,t
division advanced in the sector east of Fle-
ville and captured 230 prisoners. The 33d
division, operating with the 17th French
army corps, attacked early in the morning-
north of Consenvoye and reached its final
objective about 9 a. m. About 650 prison-
ers were taken.
Oct. 10 — The 1st corps reached Cornay-L»
Besogne ridge and passed Malassise farm, east
of Grand Ham. The 60th brigade of the 30th
division advanced six kilometers, reaching the
Selle river, and held the St. Bemn-St. Souplet-
La Haie-Menneresse line. Up to the evening-
of the 9th. fifty officers. 1,800 men and thirty.
two guns were captured.
Oct. 12 — The 4th division repulsed two coun-
terattacks by machine gun fire, with severe
loss to the enemy.
Oct. 13— An attack on Grandpre this morn-
ing met very heavy machine gun fire and
troops of the 2d corps were finally forced to
retire south of the Aire. A hostile counter-
attack at 8 p. m. south of Landres-et-Sl.
Georges was repulsed. The 81st division re-
pulsed an enemy raid in St. Die sector. The
77th division took Grnndpre.
Oct. 17 — The 29th division advanced to the
summit of Bois de la Grande Montagne, east
of the Meuse. The 42d division took Cote de
Chatillon. The 2d battalion of tho 76th di-
vision reached the northern edge of Bois des
Loges. west of Champigneulle. In an attack
on a 4.000 yard front from St. Souplet to Mo-
lain our troops advanced 3.000 yards against
very stiff resistance. All counterattacks re-
pulsed. Prisoners taken were estimated at
'Oct.' 19— The 30th division attacked with'
the British at dawn and advanced 2,000 yards.
Prisoners captured since the morning of the
17th totnled fo^ty-fovir officers nnfl over 1,500
men. The 78th division pushed its lines for-
5SO
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
•ward to Bellejoyeuse farm and began to mop
UP the Bois des Loges.
Oct. 21 — In attacks on the Bois des Bappes
the oth division met with stubborn resistance
by machine guns, supported by artillery and
infantry fire. It captured the entire position
•with 170 prisoners, including- five officers. An
enemy counterattack, supported by heavy ar-
tillery fire, was repulsed with heavy losses.
The 5th and 3d divisions took Hill 297 and
Bois des Bappes. Attacking in the evening,
the 89th division occupied the northern and
eastern edge of the Bois de Bantheville.
Oct. 23 — Troops of the 3d corps reached the
ridge north of the village of Bantheville. tak-
ing 171 prisoners. The 29th division captured
the ridge of Bois d'Etrayes and Hill 361.
Oct. 27— The 78th division entered Belle-
joyeuse farm, northeast of Grandpre. and
found it unoccupied. The occupation of the
right of way north and northwest of Grand-
pre was completed.
Oct. 30 — On Oct. 30 patrols were active
along the entire front of the 28th division,
The 33d division, in the face of heavy artil-
lery and machine gun fire, north of Grandpre,
advanced its lines, and occupied the Belle-
joyeuse farm. On Oct. 30 2,000 high explosive
and gun shells fell in the vicinity of Fresnes.
One of the divisional patrols captured five
prisoners.
Nov. 1 — The troops of the 1st army cap-
tured Clery-le-Grand. North of Ancreville
they took fifty-three additional prisoners and
continued their advance into the Bois de
Bantheville. During the night of Nov. 1-2 the
troops of the 37th division consolidated their
positions and effected a crossing of the Biver
Scheldt, confronted by enemy machine gun and
rifle fire. The 91st division, supported by ar-
tillery and machine gun fire, rapidly advanced
over six kilometers in spite of enemy artillery
and machine gun fire. The enemy was driven
from the west bank of the Scheldt and at
noon the heights northwest of Audenarde were
taken.
Nov. 2 — On the evening of Nov. 2 the troops
of the 78th division drove the enemy from
the Bois des Loges and closely followed his
retreat. The 92d division, in spite of machine
gun resistance, pushed forward and advanced,
the line three kilometers.
Nov. 3— The 91st division, in spite of active
machine gun resistance, forced its way toward
the bank of the Scheldt in the vicinity ol
Eyne.
Nov. 4 — On Nov. 4 a brigade of the 79th
division attacked an enemy sector, taking1
eighty-one prisoners and eight machine guns,
encountering strong resistance and repulsing
several counterattacks.
Nov. 5— On Nov. 5 the troops of the 77th
division engaged in severe fighting, overcoming1
strong enemy resistance along the entire line.
The artillery was active, firing on the enemy's
retreating columns. Harassing artillery fire
was returned by the enemy. Aviation was
active on both sides. The enemy flew over
our front lines and delivered machine gun
fire on our advancing troops. Two enemy
planes were brought down.
Nov. 6— Our troops of the 1st corps con-
tinued their successful advance, forcing the
enemy to retire. The towns of Flabas. Bau-
court, Haraucourt and Autrecourt were taken
and patrols pushed on as far as the Meuse.
Large quantities of materiel were captured
during the advance. Following heavy bom-
bardment on the enemy's divisions, the troops
of the 5th division attacked, rapidly overcom-
ing the enemy's resistance, capturing Lion-
devant-Dun, Murvaux, Fontaine and Vilosnes-
sur-Meuse, taking more than 250 prisoners.
Nov. 7— The troops of the 2d division
cleared the west bank of the Meuse of the
remaining machine guns and snipers in the
vicinity of Mouzon. The 5th division, sup-
ported by artillery fire, continued its ad-
vance despite the enemy's continued resist-
ance, principally with machine guns. Most
of the artillery crossed to the east bank of the
Meuse, following in support of the infantry.
Additional prisoners were taken, including two
officers ancf 132 men.
Nov. 8 — The patrols of the 2d division
crossed the Meuse south of Mouzon. The
troops of the 33d division, aided by barrage
fire, carried out a successful raid on Chateau
Aulnois, capturing one officer and twenty-two
men. Strong combat patrols were sent out
from the lines of the 92d division (colored).
Prisoners were captured and casualties in-
flicted on the enemy.
Nov. 9— On midnight of Nov. 9 the patrols
of the 5th division drove back the enemy, in-
flicting many casualties and capturing six
prisoners. The troops consolidated and, de-
spite stubborn resistance, principally from
machine guns, drove the enemy from Bois du
Canol and La Sentinelle and captured Brande-
ville. In these operations forty-seven prison-
ers, 125 machine guns and other materiel
were captured. A strong combat patrol was
active along the entire front of the 33d di-
vision, meeting with heavy machine gun re-
sistance from the enemy, and a patrol of one
company captured eight prisoners in the Bois
de Warville. The troops of the 79th division
advanced in a generally northeasterly direc-
tion, with the right flank in Bois de Damvil-
lers. The 42d and units of the 1st seized the
heights south of Sedan.
Nov. 10 — The 33d division carried out a
successful raid on Marcheville, occupying the
town and taking eighty prisoners, including
three officers. Strong patrols from the line
engaged in sharp fighting. The 37th division,
operating with the 34th French army corps,
attacked in order to force a crossing of the
Scheldt. Violent enfilading machine gun fire,
heavy artillery and the flooded condition of
the terrain delayed the construction of bridges
and crossings. In the face of continuous heavy
artillery fire, supported by machine guns, the
troops advanced about two kilometers. The 90th
division advanced toward Baalon, encountering
no resistance. The 92d division reached Bois
Frehaut and captured 710 prisoners.
Nov. 11 — The 3d division advanced three
kilometers east of Breheville. Despite increased
resistance by machine gun and artillery fire
the 5th division continued to advance, cap-
turing eighteen prisoners, three large caliber
guns, six minenwerfers and considerable ma~
teriel. In accordance with the terms of the
armistice hostilities on the front ol the Ameri-
can armies ceased at 11 a. m.
NAVAL EVENTS IN LAST YEAR OF WAR.
No great naval battles occurred in 1918, but
there were two events which will have a
prominent place in the naval history of the
•world. One was the bottling up of Zeebrugge
and Ostend on the Belgian coast, and the other
the surrender of a large part of the German
fleet in accordance with the terms of the
armistice signed on Nov. 11. 1918. The offi-
cial stories of the attacks on Zeebrugge and
Ostend issued by the British admiralty follow:
BLOCKING OF ZEEBBUGGE.
The blocking of Zeebrugge and the attempt
to block up the entrance to Ostend harbor, both
•used by the Germans as bases for submarines,
destroyers and other light war craft, took place
on the night of April 22-23. 1918. The Brit-
ish admiralty on April 25 issued the following
official narrative of the Zeebrugge affair:
"Those who recall High wood upon the
Somme as it was after the battles of 1916
may easily figure to themselves the decks of
H. M. S. Vindictive as she lies to-day, in stark,
black profile against the sea base of the har-
bor, amid the stripped, trim shapes of fighting
ships which throng these waters.
"That wilderness of debris, that litter -of
used and broken tools of war. that lavish ruin,
that prodigal evidence of death and battle,
are as obvious and plentiful here as there. The
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
581
ruined tank, nosing1 at the stout tree which
stopped it, has its parallel in the flame throw-
er hut at the port wing1 of the Vindictive's
bridge; its iron sides flecked with rents from
machine gun bullets and shell splinters. The
tall white cross which commemorates the mar-
tyrdom of the Londoners is sister to the dingy
pierced white ensign which, floated over the
fight at Zeebrugge mole.
"Looking1 aft from the chaos of its •wrecked
bridge, one sees snug against the wharf the
heroic bourgeois shapes of the two Liverpool
boats, the Iris and Daffodil, which shared with
the Vindictive the honors of the arduous fight.
"Their objectives were the canal at Zes-
brugge and the harbor at Ostend. Three of
the cruisers, the Intrepid, the Iphigenia and
the Thetis, each duly packed with concrete and
with mines attached to its bottom for the
purpose of sinking it, Merrimac fashion, in
the neck of the canal, were aimed at Zee-
brugge. Two others, similarly prepared, were
directed at Ostend.
"The functions of the Vindictive, -with its
ferry boats, were to attack the great half-
moon mole which guards the Zeebrugge canal,
to land bluejackets and marines upon it, to
destroy what stores and guns of the Germans
they could find, and generally create a diver-
sion while the block ships ran in and sank
themselves in the appointed places.
"Vice-Admiral Keyes. in the destroyer War-
wick, commanded the operation.
"There had been two previous attempts to
attack, capable of being pushed home if
weather and other conditions served. The
night of the 22d of April offered nearly all
the required conditions and some fifteen miles
off Zeebrugge the ships took up the formation
for attack.
"The Vindictive, •which had been towing1 the
Iris and Daffodil, cast them off to follow un-
der their own steam. The Intrepid, Iphigenia
and Thetis slowed down to give the first three
time to get alongside the mole.
'"The night was overcast and there was a
drifting haze. Down the coast a great search-
light ewimg its beam to and fro in the small
wind and short sea. From the Vindictive's
bridge, as she headed in toward the mole, with
the faithful ferry boats at her heels, there
was scarcely a glimmer of light to be seen,
shoreward.
"Ahead, as she drove through the water,
rolled the smoke screen, her cloak of invisibil-
ity wrapped about her by small craft. This
was the device of Wing Commander Brock,
without which, acknowledges the admiral in
command, the operation could not have- been
conducted.
"A northeast wind moved the volume of it
shoreward ahead of the ships.
"There was a moment immediately afterward
when it seemed to those on the ships as if the
dim. coast hidden harbor exploded into light.
A star .shell soared aloft, then a score of star
shells.
'A wild fire of gun flashes leaped against
the sky. strings of luminous green beads shot
aloft, huncr and sank.
"It was in a srale of shellinsr that the Vindic-
tive laid her nose against the thirty foot high
concrete side of the mole, let go her anchor
and signaled to the Daffodil to shove her
stern in.
"The Iris went ahead and endeavored to (ret
alongside likewise. The fire was intense, while
the ships plunsred and rolled beside the mole
in the seas, the Vindictive with her greater
draft jarring against the foundations of the
mole with every plunge. They were swept
diagonally by machine erin fire from both ends
of the mole and by the heavy batteries on
shore.
"Commander fnow captain] Carpenter
conned the Vindictive from the open bridge
until her stern was laid in. when he took up
his position in the flame thrower hut on the
port side.
"It is to this hut that reference has already
been made. It is marvelous that any occupant
should have survived a minute, so riddled and
shattered is it.
The men gathered in readiness on the main
lower decks, while Col. Elliott, who was to
lead the marines, waited on the false deck just
abaft the bridge. Capt. Halahan, who com-
manded the bluejackets, was amidships. The
gangways were lowered, and they scraped and
rebounded upon the high parapet of the mole
as the Vindictive rolled in the seaway.
"The word for the assault had not yet been
given when both leaders were killed. Col. El-
liott by a shell and Capt. Halahan by machine
*run fire, which swept the decks. The same
shell that killed Col. Elliott also did feariul
execution in the forward Stokes mortar bat-
tery.
"The men were magnificent: every officer
bears the same testimony.
"The mere landing on the mole was a peril-
ous business. It involved a passage across the
crashing1 and splintering gangways, a drop over
the parapet into the field of fire of the Ger-
man machine guns which swept its lemrth.
and a further drop of some sixteen feet to the
surface of the mole itself. Many were killed
and more wounded as they crowded UP to the
gangways, but nothing hindered the orderly
and speedy landing by every gangway.
"Lieut. Walker, who had his arm earned
away by a shell on the upper deck, lay in the
darkness while the storming parties trod him
under foot. He was recognized and dragged
aside by the commander. He raised his arm
in greeting. 'Good luck to you!' he called as
the rest of the stormers hastened by."
Capt. Carpenter's Story.
In the course of a long account of the part
taken by the Vindictive in the raid. Capt. Car-
penter said:
"Our chief purpose in the expedition was to
distract the attention of the battery while the
block ships ran in, especially the battery of
eleven inch guns which occupied a commanding
position at the tip of the mole. Our ship
was elaborately prepared for the business of
landing soldiers on the mole, which is of stone
forty feet high and fifteen feet above the Vin-
dictive's top deck at the state of the tide when
the attack took place.
"We had a special superstructure over the
upper deck and three long gangways or
'brows.' which were designed to take the men
up to the level of the mole as soon as we
got alongside. Exactly according to the plan
we ran alongside the mole, approaching it on
the port side, where we wore eauipped with
specially built buffers of wood two feet wide.
"As there was nothing for us to tie up to
we merely dropped anchor the.-e while the
Daffodil kept us against the mole with ita
nose against the opposite side of our ship.
In the fairly heavy sea two of our three
gangways were smashed, Vut the third held,
and 500 men swarmed UP this on to the
mole. This gangway was two feet wide and
thirty feet. long.
"The men who went up it included 300
marines and 150 storming seamen from the
Vindictive, and fiftv or so from the Daffodil.
They swarmed up the steel gangway carrying
hand grenades and Lewis guns. No Germans
succeeded in approaching the gangway, but
a hard hand to hand fight took place about
;200 yards up the mole toward the shore.
"The Vindictive's bow was pointed toward
the shore, so the bridge prot the full effect of
enemy fire from the shore batteries. One
shell expiodea against the pilot house, kill-
ing nearly all of its occupants. Another
burst in the fighting ton, killing- a lieutenant
and eight men v/ho were doing excellent work
with two pompoms and four machine guns.
"The battery of eleven inch guns at th<*
end of the mole was only 300 yards away
and it kept trying to roach us. The shore
batteries also were diligent. Only a few Ger-
man shells hit our hull because it was well
protected by the wall of the mole, but the
upper structure, masts, stacks, and ventilators
showed above the wall and were riddled. A
considerable vironortion of rur casualties were
caused by splinters from these upper works.
"Meanwhile, the Daffodil continued to push
us against the wall as if no battle was on.
582
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and if the Daffodil had failed to do this none
of the members of the landing party would
have been able to return to the ship.
"Fifteen minutes after the Vindictive arrived
alongside the mole our submarine exploded
under the viaduct connecting' the mole with
the mainland. The Germans had sent a con-
siderable force to this viaduct as soon as the
submarine arrived, and these men were gath-
ered on the viaduct attacking- our 'submersible
with machine guns. When the explosion oc-
curred the viaduct and Germans were blown
up together. The crew of the submarinex con-
sisting- of six men, escaped on board a dinghy
to a motor launch.
''Early in the fighting- a German shell
knocked out our howitzer, which had been get-
ting in some good shots on a big German sea-
plane station on the mole half a mile away.
This is the largest seaplane station in Bel-
glum. Unfortunately our other guns could not
be brought to bear effectively upon it.
"The shell which disabled the howitzer killed
all the members of the gun crew. Many men
also were killed by a German shell which hit
the mole close to our ship and scattered frag-
ments o.f steel and stone among the marines
assembling on the deck around the gangway.
"The German fire was hot all the time we
lay alongside the mole. At times the German
guns reached as high as forty shots a minute.
During the hottest part of the fighting I left
my station in the flame house and went all
around the ship to see how things were going.
The spirit of the men was excellent. All they
asked was. 'Are we winning?'
"Half an hour after the block ships went in
•we received the signal to withdraw. The Vin-
dictive's siren was blown and the men returned
Irom all parts of the mole and thronged down
the gangway. We put off after having- laid
alongside just about an hour. The Germans
made no effort to interfere with our getaway
other than to continue their heavy firing."
The total British losses in this attack on Zee-
brugge and Ostend were 588. of whom 160
were killed. The port was effectively block-
aded and of little use to the Germans there-
after.
BLOCKING OF OSTEND CHANNEL.
The cruiser Vindictive was sunk in the chan-
nel leading: to Ostend harbor on the night of
May 9-10. 1918. The official account of this
enterprise was as follows: "Operations de-
signed to close the ports of Ostend and Zee-
brugge were successfully completed last night
•when the obsolete cruiser Vindictive was sunk
between the pierg and across the entrance to
Ostend harbor. Since the attack on Zeebrugge
April 22-23 the Vindictive had been filled with
concrete as a block ship for this purpose. Our
light forces have returned to the.ir base v-ith
the loss of one motor launch which had been
damaged and was sunk by o*ders of the vice-
admiral to prevent its falling into the hands
of the enemy. Our casualties were light."
Commander Lynes. who conducted the block-
Ing operation at Zeebrugge. was in command
of the second expedition to blockade Ostend.
He told the following story:
"Weather conditions at the start were in
every way suitable. There was a light north-
west wind. The sea was favorable to small
craft. There was a clear sky and the visibil-
ity was good.
"The outward passage was made without in-
terference on the part of the enemy. _ The
email craft were all dispatched to their sta-
tions with destroyers in support, and two
coastal motor boats were told off to torpedo
the piers. Before the arrival of the Vindic-
tive, until 1 :45 o'clock, the enemy was re-
markably auiet. but just at this time the Ger-
mans began to open fire. Star shells showed
that the smoke screens were progressing ex-
cellently
"At about this time the sky, which hith-
erto had been almost unclouded, began to be
partly obscured by low drifting clouds. In
about ten minutes before the Vindictive was
due at its destination a sea fog set in. This
•topped our air attack. Indeed, lor a time
even the searchlights could not be seen. This
state of things continued for almost an hour,
when it cleared sufficiently lor the air attacks
to be recommenced.
"It was a lurid scene when the Vindictive
arrived at 2 o'clock, practically program time.
There was a thundering of guns on sea and
land. The exploding of bombs from airplanes
added to the din and there was an occasional
cry of agony from some one mortally wound-
ed. Searchlights criss-crossed above and the
whole scene was illuminated with flashes arid
star shells. This was the picture lor a lull
hour.
"The Vindictive cruised about lor twenty
minutes in the log. looking1 lor the entrance
to the harbor, which it eventually lound. It
sank itsell about 200 yards inside the eastern
entrance. The Vindictive's crew was rescued
by a motor launch, which brought off two
officers and thirty-eight men, and another
which went alongside and took off a lieuten-
ant and two men. Two other motor boats
detailed for rescue work searched the shores
carefully under very heavy fire, but lound
no one."
The Vindictive had a complement of fifty-
two officers and men. The effect of the oper-
ation was to restrict greatly the use of the
harbor, making it impossible lor cruisers to
go in and out.
Belore describing the surrender of the Ger-
man fleet mention may be made of another
naval incident which occurred early in the
year. This was a battle between British and
Turkish warships near the entrance to the
Dardanelles strait.
DARDANELLES NAVAL BATTLE.
Early Sunday morning, Jan. 20, 1918, a naval
battle occurred off the island of Imbros. north
of the entrance to the Dardanelles strait, in
which the Turks lost the cruiser Breslau and
the British the monitors Raglan and the M-28.
The Breslau was sunk by striking a mine,
Both the monitors were destroyed by gunfire
as they lay in Kuan bay. on the northeastern
side of Imbros.
The British destroyer Lizard first encoun-
tered the Breslau at 5:30 a. m. The Breslau
was then steaming in a northerly direction
south and east of Cape Cephalo on Imbros
with the battle cruiser Goeben following about
a mile astern. The Lizard gave the alarm,
but could do little more. The Goeben discov-
ered the monitors in the bay and engaged them
at a distance of about 11,000 yards. The
British destroyer Tigress joined the Lizard and
attempted to protect the monitors with smoke
screens, but in this they were unsuccessful.
The Raglan was hit heavily and sank and the
M-28, which had been set on fire, blew up and
disappeared about 6 a. m. After this the
enemy ships turned and proceeded south-
ward toward the entrance of the strait. At
7 a. m., when it was six miles south of Cape
Cephalo, the Breslau apparently struck a mine,
as there was a he :vy explosion abreast the
after funnel. Other explosions followed and
the ship went down by the stern.
On seeing the Breslau go down the Goeben
turned and circled around once and then
continued on a southerly course. Four Turkish
destroyers came out of the strait accompanied
by an old cruiser, but on being attacked by
the British destroyers turned and fled. The
Goeben was made a target for bombs from
British aircraft and fled into the strait. In
the act of turning it seemed to have struck a
mine, as it began to settle down aft with a
list of from 10 to 15 degrees. Its speed
slackened, enabling- the British airplanes to
obtain two direct hits. Apparently badly dam-
aged, it steered for the shore and soon was
aground on the beach at the extreme end of
Nagara point. A Turkish report subsequently
claimed that the ship was not damaged, that
it had run aground by accident and that it
would soon be afloat. This was verified Jan.
28. when it was officially announced that the
Goeben had been refloated and brought back
to Constantinople.
The Breslau had a tonnage of 4,478 and the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
583
Raglan 4,500. The M-2S was a small craft.
The Goeben was renamed the Sultan Selim by
the Turks, while the Breslau bore the name
Midullu.
SURRENDER OP GERMAN NAVY.
Under the terms of the armistice Germany
•was compelled to give up to the allies and the
United States lb'0 submarines, six battle cruis-
ers, ten battle ships, eignt lignt cruisers and
fiity destroyers of the most modern type. This
naval surrender, the greatest in history, took
place Nov. 20. 21. 24 and Dec. 1, 1918. On
Nov 20 twenty German submarines were
turned over to Rear-Admiral Reginald T.
Tyrwhitt of the British navy at a point thirty
miles at sea from Harwich. England, to which
port they were brought on the evening of the
same day. The British took every precaution
to guard against treachery, and had an ade-
quate force of ships present, together with sea-
planes, an observation balloon and an airship.
The twenty German submarines were accom-
panied by two German destroyers, the Tibania
and the Sierra Zentana. which were assigned
to take the submarine crews back to Germany
after the surrender.
All the submarines were on the surface with
their hatches open and their crews standing on
deck. The largest carried two 5.9 inch guns;
twenty-three officers and men were counted on
her deck. The craft was estimated to be near-
ly 300 feet in length. Its number had been
painted out. Each German submarine com-
mander at the transfer was required to sign a
declaration to the effect that his vessel was
in running order; that its periscope was in-
tact: that its torpedoes were unloaded, and
that its torpedo heads were safe. Orders had
been issued forbidding any demonstration, and
these instructions were obeyed to the letter.
There was complete silence as the submarines
surrendered and as the crews were transferred.
In the presence of Sir Eric Geddes, first lord
of the admiralty, twenty-eight more German
"U" boats surrendered Nov. 24. This was the
most imposing flotilla of its kind to haul
down the German flaf?. It included several
very large submarines and four of the cruiser
type, one being nearly 350 feet in length.
The noted cruiser submarine Deutschland
U-153 was among the number. It carried
two American officers, who had been rescued
from the American army cargo ship Ticonde-
roga. torpedoed on Sept. 30 last. The officers
were taken to Kiel by the Deutschland. which
was returning1 from a three months' cruise in
American waterg, and were landed Nov. 24 at
Harwich.
Another surrendered boat was the U-139,
which hafl just returned to a German port
after a sixty -four-day cruise, commanded by
Lieutenant-Commander Arnauld de La Perriere.
who in 1916 wns awarded the Order Pour le
Merite for sinking 126 vessels. The U-139.
however, was brought in by a first lieutenant,
who explained that Perriere was too isad to un-
dertake the duty.
Ut> to Dec. 1. the Germans had surrendered
122 «ubmarines.
Giant Ships Given Up.
From a spectacular point of view the sur-
render, of a. large Part of the German grand
fleet, including battle ships, cruisers and de-
stroyers, was the most impressive. It occurred
on Nov. 21. 1918. off the Firth of Forth on
•the north coast of Scotland, the Germans turn-
ing over seventy-one vessels. In a cable dis-
patch to The Daily News Edward Price Bell,
its London correspondent, described the surren-
*der. which he witnessed, as follows:
Aboard the United States Flagship New
York. Thursday Night. Nov. 21.— Fine, calm
weather, itself seeming to symbolize peace, fa-
vored the final formalities to-day of the sur-
render of the German battle shins, battle cruis-
ers, light cruisers and destroyers — seventy-one
vessels.
These formidable warships are now interned
in the Firth of Forth, surrounded by ficrhtinir
craft of the allies and the United State?. Their
ultimate destination, pending the peace con-
ference, is probably Scapa Flow bay. Thence
their officers and crews, except enough men to
keep them in good condition, will be sent back
to Germany.
To-day's proceedings, both spectacularly and
emblematically, are regarded as surpassing any
like event in history; indeed, as standing alone.
Trafalgar and Waterloo as crucial moments in
European progress are seen as of limited im-
portance compared to Germany's naval sur-
render to the allies and America.
British and American ships, the former in
overwhelming numbers as compared with the
latter, threw two lines far out to sea opposite
the Firth of Forth and the Germans steamed
in a line ahead into, the channel thus formed.
When they were within it the outer ends of
the entente columns closed behind the cap-
tives. Then the entente ships reversed their
course and the whole array moved in triple
order toward the great British anchorage.
How many square miles of sea were occupied
I. do not know, but it was a gigantic area.
Six miles separated the entente columns and
at a point three miles from each ran the Ger-
man line, led by the Cardiff trailing a sau-
sage balloon, as if to beckon the enemy's
ships forward.
Off both flanks of the entente formation
steamed scouting and screening destroyers, thus
extending for a mile or so on either side the
width of six miles covered by the three col-
umns of the great host of between 250 and
300 warships that made up the spectacle.
Though the sea was only moderately rough,
the winter sun was shining on and gilding the
long gray hulls for many miles farther than
one could, se.e.
The visibility was imperfect. For example
we on this ship, which, with the stars and
stripes aloft at three points, led the 6th bat-
tle ship squadron, composed of the New York,
the Wyoming, the Florida, the Texas and the
Arkansas, could not catch a glimpse of our
complementary column six miles away. Even
the huge German vessels opposite us we could
discern only in broad outline. Not until the
whole formation contracted to enter the har-
bor, which took place in much brighter weath-
er, did the more distant details emerge from
the sunny haze.
As for the destroyers engaged in the opera-
tion, they literally swarmed. Of these Ger-
many fumiehed fifty traveling in line ahead
and behind her heavy ships. Britain furnished
all, or nearly all, the rest. Her scouting and
screening craft began to pour out of the Firth
of Forth at 10 o'clock in the morning and
they were still pouring out at sunset. These
vessels either steamed out fifty miles at sea to
pick up the Germans at dawn or assumed
their appointed stations on either side of the
proposed area of envelopment.
Britain and America's main fleet weighed
anchor several hours before daybreak and
sunrise found it in its two parallel lines mov-
ing eastward at from six to sixteen knots
about twenty-five miles from land. At 7:25
the most advanced destroyers signaled contact
with the Germans and less than two hours
later the Cardiff with its sausage balloon
hove in sight . three miles off the starboard
Quarter of the New York. Behind the Cardiff
at three cable lengths was the Friedrieh der
Grosse, the flagship of Admiral yon Reuter,
and following in unbroken procession were the
German heavy ships stretching far beyond the
vision into the mist touched with erold by the
newly risen sun.
Not a cheer rose from the New York. Ad-
miral Sims. Rear-Admiral Rodman and many
other officers stood silent on the quarterdeck
intently scrutinizing the German vessels as one
after another they loomed dimly through the
murky atmosphere.
"It is all over," said a commander at my
side.
Interned in Scapa Flow.
Following is a list of the principal ships
turned over and subsequently interned in
Scapa Flow:
Battle ships— Kaiser, 24,113 tons; Kaiserln,
584
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
24,113 tons: Koenig Albert, 24,113 tons:
Kronprinz Wilhelm. 25.000 tons: Prinzregent
Luitpold. 24,113 tons: Markgrraf, 25,293 tons:
Grosser Kurfuerst, 25,293 tons: Bayern, 28,000
tons: Koenig1, 25,293 tons, and Friedrich der
Grosse, 24,113 tons.
Battle cruisers— Hindenburg-. about 27,000
tons- Derfling-er, 28,000 tons: Seydlitz. 25.00O
tons: Moltke, 23,000 tons, and Von der Tann.
18,800 tons.
Light cruisers — Bremen, 4,000 tons; Brum-
mer. 4,000 tons: Frankfurt, 5,400 tons;
Koeln. tonnaare uncertain: Dresden, tonnage
uncertain, and Emden, 5,400 tons.
WAR ORGANIZATIONS IN WASHINGTON.
Following1 is a list of the main war and i
allied organizations and their chiefs or di-
rectors in Washington in November. 1918:
Aerial coast patrol commission, national —
Rear-Admiral Robert E. Peary, chairman.
Aeronautic cognizance, joint army and navy
board — Maj.-Gen. George O. Sauier, chairman.
Air Service Clubs association — Maj.-Gen. Wil-
liam I.. Kenly.
Alien enemy relief committee — Dr. Norman
Bridge, chairman.
Alien property custodian— A. Mitchell Palmer,
chief.
American Library association (unofficial) — G.
B. Utley. secretary.
Argentine naval commission — Capt. Julian Iri-
zar. president.
Arlington memorial amphitheater commission —
Col. Clarence S. Ridley, executive and dis-
bursing officer.
Arsenals and navy yard wage commission — F.
D. Roosevelt, chairman.
British artillery mission — Maj.-Gen. Headlam.
British aviation mission — Lieut. -Col. C. F. Lee.
commanding officer.
British military mission— Brig.-Gen. G. F. Trot-
ter.
British -war mission— Ma j. A. J.Nutter, secretary.
Canadian war mission — Lloyd Harris, commis-
sioner.
Capital issues committee— Charles S. Hamlin,
chairman.
Censorship board — F. B. Hyde, secretary.
Committee on public information — George Creel,
chairman.
Service bureau — F. W. McReynolds.
Council oi national defense — Newton Diehl
Baker, chairman.
Advisory commission — Walter S. Gifford.* di-
rector.
Field division— Grosvenor B. Qlarkson. di-
rector.
District council of defense — William H. Bald-
win, chairman.
Efficiency, bureau of— Herbert D. Brown, chief.
Emergency construction wage commission — E.
M. Hopkins, chairman.
Emergency Fleet corporation — Charles M.
Schwab, director-general.
Employes compensation commission — Arthur H.
Deibert. secretary.
Farm organizations, federal board of— Charles
W. Holman. secretary.
Federal trade commission — William B. Colver,
chairman.
Food administrator of United States— Herbert
C. Hoover.
Food purchase board — G. C. Babcock, secretary.
French aviation mission — Joseph Tulasne. in
charge.
French high commission— Andre Tardieu. high
commissioner.
Fuel administrator of United States— Harry A.
Garfield.*
Government Recreation league — Lieut.-Col.
George P. Ahern, head.
Government Research. Institute for (unoffi-
cial)—William F. Willoughby. director.
Gun forging specifications, joint army and
navy board— Ma j. A. E. White, secretary.
Highway coijncil. United States— Logan Waller
Page, chairman.
Hampton roads district, labor, joint commit-
tee on — Ethelbert Stewart (for labor) .
Industrial Research, Institute of (unofficial)
— Dr. Allerton S._ Cushman.
Italian high commission — Cav. Ing. Francesco
Quattrone.
Jewish welfare board — Col. Harry Cutler, chair-
man.
Knights of Columbus — Charles P. Neill, repre-
sentative.
Mail transportation, committee on — Rudolph
Braner. Chairman.
Mediation and conciliation board — W. L. Cham-
bers, commissioner.
Minerals and derivatives, joint information
board on — Pope Yeatman, chairman.
Munitions patent board — Hon. Thomas Ewing.
National advisory committee for aeronautics —
William F. Durand. chairman.
National adjustment commission — Robert P.
Bass, chairman.
National Institution for Moral Instruction (un-
official)— Milton Fairchild. chairman.
National research council — Dr. John Johnston,
executive secretary.
National war labor board — William H. Taft
and Frank Walsh, » joint chairmen.
Naval consulting board — Thomas A. Edison.
Chairman: Admiral William F. Smith, repre-
senting the navy: David W. Brunton. in
charge.
Patent board, army and navy — Paul A. Blair,
chairman.
Pecuniary claims arbitration commission —
Chandler P. Anderson, arbitrator.
President's commission — William B. Wilson,
eecretary of labor, chairman.
Railroads, director-general of — William G. Mc-
Adoo.*
Red Cross, national (American) — Dr. Stockton
Axson. secretary.
Saddlery adjustment commission — Stanley King,
chairman.
Salvation Army (unofficial) — Maj. Allan Neil.
Shipbuilding labor adjustment board — L. E.
Macy. chairman.
Shipping board — Edward Hurley, chairman.
Smithsonian institution — C. D. Walcott. secre-
tary.
Training camp activities commission — Raymond
B. Fosdick. chairman.
War camp community service — Harold Keats.
Vocational education, federal board of —
Charles A. Prosser, director.
War committee of national technical societies
— D. W. Brunton. chairman.
War finance corporation— W. P. G. Harding,
manager-director.
War industries board — Bernard M. Baruch,
chairman.
Chemical division — C. S. MacDonald. director.
Conservation division — A. W. Shaw, chair-
commissioner.
Labor division — Hugh Frayne. chairman.
Lumber section — Charles Edgar, director.
Nonferrous metals section — Pope Yeatman,
Planning and statistics— Edwin F. Gay. di-
rector.
Price fixing committee— Robert S. Brookings.
chairman.
Priorities board— Judge E. B. Parker, com-
missioner.
Resources and conversion — Charles A. Otis,
ohief
Steel division— J. Leonard Replogle. director.
Textile division— John W. Scott, director. .
War trade board— Vsnce C. McCormick. ehair-
Wir'p board and wage commission — Albert S.
Burleson.
•Resigned.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
585
WESTERN FRONT WHEN THE ARMISTICE WAS SIGNED.
•••• FARTHEST GERMAN At>VANC£ INTO -FRANCE,.
BATTLE. LINE WMtN ARMISTICE WAJ TIGNtO-
- UNE-5HAD60 AREA SHOWS' GtRMAH TSRIO^.
Describing the military situation when fight-
Ing ended. Gen. Peyton C. March, chief of
staff, said:
"At the beginning of the armistice the final
line on the Belgian. British and French fronts
was approximately as follows: Along the
west bank of the Scheldt from the Dutch
frontier to Eocke: thence to the Dendre river
at Grammont: along- the west bank of the
Dendre river to Ath: thence to a point lour
miles east of Mops; thence one to three miles
east of the Belgian border to the vicinity of
Recroi; through Recroi to Mezieres; along:
the Meuse to Sedan and Bazeilles.
"The American front can be given exactly.
The front of the 1st army, beginning- at
Bazeilles. followed the west bank of the
Meuse to a point one mile southeast of
Mouzon, crossed there to the east bank; cut
the bend to Inor. and followed the east
bank to Stenay. Thence it ran: Baalon,
northern and eastern outskirts of the Foret
de Woevre, Rcmoivillc. one mile northeast
of Jametz, eastern edge of the Bois de Jametz:
Damvillers inclusive: one mile northeast of
Chaumon-Devant-Damvillers, then through Vil-
lers, Bois Herbedois. west of Ornes; one-half
mile west of Dieppe: Abaucourt, west of
Gnmacourt, three-quarters of a mile north-
east of Ronvaux. one mile east of Manheulles,
Chateau d'Aulnois.
"The 2d army began at that point and ran:
Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, Butgheville.
one and one-half miles south of Jonville:
across the northern end of the Lachaussee
lake, south of Dempvitoux, south of Charey,
south of Rembercourt, three-quarters of a mile
south of Preny; crossed the Moselle one-half
mile southwest of Champey, one mile north
of Les Mentis, the German frontier on the
Seme river two miles east of Lies Menils, the
west bank of the Seille river to a point one-
half mile southeast of Port-Sur-Seille, -which
was the end of the second army front.
"The entire front of the American armies
covered fifty-two miles."
WATER SYSTEM
American Ked Cross workers who arrived in
Jerusalem in the fall of 1918 were enthusi-
astic in their praise of the way that ancient
city had benefited at the hands of the Eng-
lish. The most remarkable change was the
installation of a modern water system, an
achievement accomplished by the royal engi-
neers in the face of tremendous difficulties
in about two months. Water carriers, always
picturesque to those unacquainted with the
fact that their leather bags were the mobiliza-
tion points for microbes, are no longer seen.
The cisterns in each home are no longer in-
sanitary. Neither is it necessary to wait for
rain to flll them. There is no limit to the
IN JERUSALEM.
water each citizen may now consume and aa
a result the ensuing personal cleanliness ha»
made for improved health in the community.
During the 400 years of Turkish domination
Jerusalem obtained a meager water supply
which had its source in the Spring of Solomon
and was carried through an aqueduct built by
the Romans in Herod's time. The British en-
gineers located various water sources within
a short distance of the town and brought them
together in a great reservoir. From this point
the water is pumped to the top of the hill
on which Jerusalem stands and it piped
through the city.
586
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
STORY OF WORLD WAR FROM BEGINNING TO END.
Am. Press Association.
MARSHAL
FERDINAND FOCH.
Am. Press Association.
GEN. PETAIN.
Am. Press Aesociatioi
GEN. GOURAUD.
When the story of the world war, which
began on July 29. 1914. with the bombard-
ment of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, by the
Austrians and virtually ended Nov. 11. 1918,
with the signing1 of terms of armistice by
German plenipotentiaries at the headquarters
of the allied commander in chief in France,
is told in detail it will require many volumes
— many more than the 130 or more volumes
comprising1 the official records of the Amer-
ican civil war, for it was a vastly greater
conflict. It will be long before any such his-
tory can be written, for the task will be a
gigantic one and the difficulties on account of
the secrecy surrounding1 most of the plans and
operations will be enormous. Even to at-
tempt to give a bare outline of the main
events and resuts of the fighting on land
and sea and in the air within a reasonable
epace is net an easy task. The story here
given is based upon the reviews published in
The Daily News and to some extent upon those
previously appearing1 in The Daily News Al-
manac and Year-Book from year to year, with
the addition of much fresh material, particu-
larly concerning1 the extraordinary develop-
ments after the entrance of the United States
into the struggle is a deciding1 factor in the
summer of 1918. Most of these will be found
in greater detail under separate heads in this
volume.
1914.
Causes of the War.
The underlying1 reason for the war. as it
developed in the course of 'he conflict, was the
desire of Emperor William II. and the junker
or military class in Germany to dominate the
•world. That is now the settled judgment of
all unprejudiced students. Other causes were
also frequently mentioned immediately after
the conflict began. These as set forth in The
Daily News Almanac and Year-Book for 191o
were:
1. Commercial and industrial rivalry, espe-
cially as developed between Germany and
Great Britain.
2. International jealousy as to .power aiyj
predominance in the world. This involved —
3. Excessive armaments entailing1 heavy
burdens on the people and developing a spirit
of-^
4. Militarism and growth, of military parties
and military castes.
5. Conflict of Slav and Teuton races result-
ing1 from national aspirations for territorial
expansion; racial antagonism.
6. Desire of certain rulers to put an end to
internal strife by consolidating public opinion
through the agency of a foreign war appealing
to the patriotism of the people.
7. Desire to preserve the status quo in Eu-
rope by preserving1 the neutrality and inde-
pendence of the smaller nations.
8. Revenge resulting from former conflicts,
such as the war of 1870 between the German
states and France and the more recent Balkan
wars.
9. Conflict of national ideals or "cultures."
10. Conflict of democracy as opposed to au-
tocracy and bureaucracy.
11. Personal .ambitions of men high in posi-
tion, authority and power.
12. Persistent talk of war by yellow journals
and jingoists.
13. Publication of books, like those of Gen.
von Bernhardi. declaring1 war to be a blessing1.
a necessity and a great factor in the further-
ance of culture and power.
14. Formation of international alliances pre-
venting the localizing of any conflict.
Murder of Archduke Ferdinand.
The immediate or precipitating cause of the
war was the assassination in Sarajevo. Bosnia.
June 23. of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand,
nephew of the emperor of Austria, heir to the
throne of the dual monarchy and commander in
chief of its army, and his wife, the duchess
of Hohenberg, by a Serbian student. Gavrio
Prinzip. aided by a number of others. It was
the outcome of years of ill feeling between
Serbia and Austria-Hungary due to the belief
of the people in the smaller state that their
aspirations as a nation were hampered and
blocked by the German element in the Haps-
burg empire. The countries had been on the
verge of war several years before over the
annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina b,V
Austria-Hungary, and later over the disposi-
tion of Scutari and certain Albanian territory
conquered in the Balkan-Turkish struggle.
Ultimatum to Serbia,
Resentment in Austria-Hungary because of
the murder of the heir to the throne was
deep and bitter and apparently the authori-
ties decided immediately to take radical meas-
ures against Serbia. July 23 an ultimatum
was delivered at Belgrade with a time limit
of forty-eight hours. One of the demands
was cons*-iued by Serbia and its protector.
Russia, as air.ounting to interference with Ser-
bia's independent sovereignty, a thing to which
Serbia could not accede. July 25 a reply was
returned which the Austrian government de-
clared to be unsatisfactory. Diplomatic rela-
tions were terminated and two days later Aus-
tria-Hungary formally declared war. Fighting
began immediately on the Danube and Bel-
grade, the Serbian capital, was bombarded
from the Austrian side of the Danube. In
the meantime the diplomats and statesmen of
the principal powers were exchanging tele-
grams in a final effort to avert the calamity
of a general war. Russia insisted that an
attack on Serbia was equivalent to an affront
to itself and it began to make military prep-
arations on the western frontiers which indi-
cated that it meant to support its views with
the sword. 'On the last day of July. Germany,
as Austria's ally, issued an ultimatum with a
twelve hour limit demanding that Russia cease
mobilization. Russia demanded assurances
from Austria that were not forthcoming, and
it continued to mobilize. On Aug. 1 Ger-
many declared war. Mobilization began at
once throughout Germany. France also be-
gan to mobilize.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
587
Britain Enters Conflict.
Events of worldwide importance followed
swiftly. Germany invaded the duchy of Lux-
emburg- and demanded free passage for its
troops across Belg-ium to attack France at mat
country's most vulnerable point. King Albert
of Belgium refused his consent on the ground
that the neutrality of his country had been
guaranteed by the powers of Europe including
Germany itself, and appealed for diplomatic
help from Britain. That country, which,, it
was asserted, had sought through its foreign
the neutrality of Belgium be respected. As
the demand was not complied with, Britain
formally declared war against Germany.
Joined with Germany and Austria-Hungary
in what is known as the triple alliance was
Italy, but that power held that it was not
bound by the terms of the compact to assist
the others in what it looked upon as a war
of aggression. It declined to be drawn into
the conflict so long as its own interests were
not threatened. The sympathies of its people
were openly with the the British and French.
Its attitude of neutrality, though disappoint-
ing to Germany and Austria-Hungary, was not
a surprise to them nor to the rest of Europe.
Before the end of the second week in August
Germany and Austria-Hungary were at war
with Russia, Britain and its dominions, France.
Belgium, Serbia and Montenegro. Aug 23
Japan, Britain's ally in the far east, entered
the fray by declaring war ? gainst Germany and
attacking1 the fatherland's colony of Kiao-
chow in China. Oct. 29 Turkey suddenly at-
tacked Russia and as a de facto ally of Ger-
many was itself attacked a little later by
Britain and France. Thus by Nov. 5 ten na-
tions and their dependencies were at war, while
Italy, Bulgaria, Greece, Roumama, Spain.
Switzerland, the Netherlands and the . three
Scandinavian kingdoms were maintaining a
state of armed neutrality. Portugal declared
itself ready to join the allies when they should
desire it to do so.
Occurring as it did in midsummer, the gen-
eral mobilization caused inconvenience, seri-
ous hardship and heavy financial loss to
thousands of Americans traveling in Europe
on business or for pleasure. The war upset
the whole system of international credit, the
railroads were monopolized for the trans-
portation of troops and for a time the ocean
steamship service was at a standstill. Tour-
ists suddenly found themselves completely
stranded, without money that could be used,
without means of getting to the seaports, or
if they managed to get there without steam-
ers to bring them back to their own country.
The automobiles of hundreds were seized for
war purposes and many more lost most of
their baggage. There were in the early days
numerous complaints of harsh and even brutal
treatment at the hand of local officials, who
saw in every foreigner a spy and an enenv-
of their country> The resentment aroused in
America by this treatment brought about a
change in the attitude of officials find by the
middle of August the tourists had little reason
to complain of lack of courtesy or help. lr.
Underwood & Underwood.
GEN. D'ESPEREY.
response to urgent appeals for help congress
Aug. 5 appropriated 83,500.000 for the relief
of stranded Americans in Europe. The state
department also did much to trace missing
travelers and place them in communication
with their relatives at home. American am-
bassadors, ministers and consuls were of im-
mense assistance to their countrymen in en-
abling1 them to escape from the war zone.
No time was lost by the belligerents in get-
ting their troops into the field. Mobiliza-
tion in Germany proceeded like clockwork and
armies were hurried both to the east and the
west to attack Russia and France. The
largest and strongest force was sent against
France by way of Belgium, Luxemburg,
Longwy and Nancy. The first real fighting
took place at Liege, a strongly fortified Bel-
gian city. It was vigorously defended and
was not taken until Aug. 17, after nearly
two weeks of fighting in which the Germans
sustained heavy losses. The forts were final-
ly reduced by the heavy siege guns built by
the Krupps and throwing shells having un-
precedented destructive power. Brussels, the
capital of Belgium, was entered Aug. 20 by
the Germans without opposition. The Bel-
gian army retreated toward Antwerp, the seat
of government having been transferred to that
city.
Leaving; the new capital to be invested by a
comparatively small force, the main German
armies swept on through Belgium, taking and
partly destroying Louvain, Charleroi and other
towns and cities. The progress of the armed
host was attended by much of the waste in-
evitable in war and by many acts which the
Belgians declared to be incompatible with
the niles of civilized warfare. It was claimed,
for instance, that noncombatants were shot
without cause, farms and villages laid waste
without reason and architectural master-
pieces wantonly destroyed.
By the end of August the Germans were
across the French border and were driving
back the French and their British allies from
one position to another. The British had
sent to France an expeditionary force of ap-
proximately 100,000 men under Field Marshal
Sir John French, and Lord Kitchener, the best
organizer in the kingdom, had been made
secretary of war. The allied forces were
numerically inferior to the German armies in
Belgium and northern France and were com-
pelled to give way. The fighting was of the
most desperate character, the Germans prob-
ably losing most heavily because of their
policy of attacking in mass formations. Their
right wing under Gen. von Kluck advanced
steadily, taking town after town and posi-
tion after position, until it was within a few
miles of the outer defenses of Paris. Ger-
man airplanes appeared over that city and
dropped bombs into its streets, killing a
few persons and doing some damage to prop-
erty.
Halted at the Marne.
Sept. 2 the government of France was trans-
ferred to Bordeaux find on the following day
martial law was declared in Paris. The Ger-
mans occupied Amiens Sent. 1 and the next
day they appeared near Chantilly. Then the
588
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
rwood & I ndrrw uinl.
GEN. SIR H.
RAWLINSON.
thunder oi the guns could be heard in Paris.
The world expected that the investment OL
Paris would be attempted. But the Germans,
after having crossed the Marne river, met
euch strong opposition that they were sudden-
ly compelled to fall back. They retreated un-
der heavy attacks as far as the Aisne river,
fighting- vigorously, but losing many men and
considerable war materiel. Here along the
Aisne they intrenched themselves and stopped
the pursuit. The fighting was desperate for
days and weeks. Then the trenches were grad-
ually extended to the northwest, as a result
of rival flanking operations, to the sea at
Nieuport, Belgium. They had previously been
extended as far south and east as Switzerland
and the German border. Along this long line
there were innumerable skirmishes and in some
cases violent battles for the rest of. the year
•without material advantage to either side.
But this was not all there was of the war.
it was only the part of the struggle nearest
to the greatest centers of population and news
distributing points and consequently it attract-
ed the most attention. There was fighting
between huge armies in East Prussia. Russinn
Poland. Galicia and Serbia and on a smaller
«cale there were combats in South Africa, in
the South Sea islands, in China and in other
places where the belligerents have or had col-
onies or possessions. In Belgium also the
struggle continued to the end of the year, the
king and a remnant of his army successfully
defending a portion of West Flanders border-
ing on the North sea. Antwerp was captured
"by the Germans Oct. 9. the Belgian govern-
ment going first to Ostend and later to Havre.
Trance French government officials returned
from Bordeaux Dec. 9 and Paris once more
"became the capital for France.
Fighting on the German left and the French
right began Aug. 7. when the French forces
entered Alsace-Lorraine. There were heavy
"battles in the vicinity of Muelhausen, which
•was taken and retaken several times by the
contending armies. The Germans captured
Irongwy Aug. 27 and Maubeuge Sept. 7.
On Eastern Front.
One of the first acts of Russia in its cam-
paign against Germany and Austria-Hungary
was to promise Poland autonomy, a proclama-
tion announcing this intention being issued by
the Russian commander in chief. Grand Duke
Nicholas. Aug. 15. Two days later a large
Russian force had advanced as far as Gum-
"binnen in East Prussia. At first the czar's
troops carried everything before them in that
part of Germany, driving the defenders back
to Koenigsberg and Allenstein by force of su-
perior numbers. The Germans, receiving re-
enforcements from the west, turned on the in-
vaders and Aug. 29-Sept. 3 Inflicted a heavy
defeat on the Russians at Allenstein and at
Tannenburg and in a few days drove them
back across the border, where the Germans
were themselves checked.
While attacking East Prussia, Russia sent
other heavy forces into Galicia. These cap-
tured Lemberg Sept. 2 and advanced as far
west as the strong fortress of Przemysl, which
was besieged, and threatened Cracow, the
capital of Austrian Poland. They occupied the
pjri?ht, Hi
GEN. HENRI"
BEUTHELOT.
GEN. HUMBERT.
Carpathian passes and detachments of troops
penetrated into Hungary.
Battling for Warsaw.
On the center of the Russian line, which ex-
tended from near Memel on the Baltic to a
point south of Cracow, there was also heavy
fighting. The Germans advancing from the di-
rection of Breslau won a number of victories
in the vicinity of Lodz, but were checked for
a time. Later they made a sudden and swift
advance toward Warsaw and arrived within a
few miles of that city. Then they were de-
cisively defeated by the Russian forces be-
tween the yistula and the Warta rivers, nar-
rowly escaping a complete rout. This was be-
tween Nov. 15. and 23. Nov. 26 the Russians
won another victory near Lodz.
Reorganized and re-enforced, the German
forces, led by Gen. von Hindenburg, hero of
the victories in east Prussia, made another
advance toward Warsaw early in. the
month. They captured Lodz Dec. 6 and drove
the Russians eastward. The latter made a
stand along the Bzura and Vistula rivers and
here many desperate encounters took place
with varying results. The Germans seemed to
be determined to take Warsaw at any cost
and make that city their winter headquarters,
while the Russians were equally determined to
prevent them from doing so.
In Galicia the fortunes of war inclined first
to one side and then to the other. The Austro-
Hungarians had some success in defending
Cracow and Przemysl. but th-^y also suffered
heavy reverses at some points and lost many
men and guns to the Russians.
Serbia Wins Victories.
Serbia's veterans, though somewhat exhausted
from two recent wars, fought with extraordi-
nary success the Austro-Hungarian legions
which invaded their country. At the beginning
of hostilities in August they defeated the forces
of the dual monarchy at Shabats, Jedar. Vise-
grad and even captured Semlin. Belgrade it-
self held out against a long oombardment un-
til Dec. 2, when it was occupied by the Aus-
trians. Outnumbered and lacking money and
supplies of food and ammunition, the Serbians
were compelled to fall back farther and
farther into the interior and for a time in
the first half of this month it looked as
though their power of resistance had been
lost. But they suddenly turned the tables
on their opponents, who. apparently, were
overconfident, and drove them out of Serbia,
recapturing Belgrade Dec. 14. For this result
the Austrian commander in chief. Oskar Pio-
torek, was suspended by the authorities in
Vienna Dec. 23.
Japan Acts in Orient.
Japan sent an ultimatum to Germany Aug.
15 to withdraw its warships from Japanese
and Chinese waters and to evacuate the neu-
tral territory of Kiaochow by Aug. 23. No
attention was paid by Germany to the demand
and on the date named in the ultimatum
Japan formally declared war on Germany and
began sending land and naval forces to attack
the strongly fortified port of Tsingtao at the
entrance to the Gulf of Kiaochow. Japan did
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
589-
this as an ally of Britain and to assist in free-
ing- the Pacific from German cruisers, which
•were playing havoc with British commerce.
It may also oe taken lor granted that the op-
portunity to get even with Germany lor the
part the fatherland played in preventing; Japan
from acquiring' the Liaptung peninsula in loiJo
after the war with China was too good to be
overlooked.
Though hampered by bad weather and many
natural obstacles, the Japanese besieged Tsmgr-
tao by sea and land and. with some assistance
from British troops, captured the stronghold
Nov. 7 without great loss of life. The ulti-
mate disposition of the neutral territory has
not yet been determined.
Turkey Is Involved.
Turkey, incited by German agents, entered
the war Oct. 29 by attacking- .Russian Ports
on the Black sea. It was assisted in this
enterprise by the possession of the German
cruisers Goeben and Breslau. which escaped
pursuing1 British and French warships by en-
tering1 the Dardanelles and proceeding; to Con-
stantinople, where they were "sold"* to the
Turks. A holy war was proclaimed by the
head priests in the Turkish capital against
Russia, France and Britain in the hope of
causing1 uprisings among- the Mohammedan in-
habitants in those countries or in their colo-
nial possessions. This hope was not realized.
The Turks threatened the Suez canal and
Britain was obliged to divert considerable
Australian forces to defend the waterway.
Britain Takes Egypt.
One of the direct results of Turkey's en-
trance into the war was the taking1 over ol
Egypt by Britain. It was formally announced
Dec. 17 that henceforth the land ol the
Pharaohs would constitute a British protec-
torate.
Roumania. Bulgaria and Greece remained neu-
tral, though strong efforts were made to in-
duce them to join the allies. Bulgaria, which,
felt that it had been robbed of the fruits of
its victory over Turkey, assumed an inde-
pendent attitude which caused uneasiness in
Serbia. Roumania and Greece and prevented,
the two last named states from getting- into
the great conflict. Dec. 22 it was announced
that Roumania had restored to Bulgaria most
of the territory taken from that country un-
der the treaty of Bukharest and that in return
Bulg-aria had agreed not to attack either
Greece -or Roumania if they entered the war.
This was interpreted as meaning- that at least
two more of the Balkan states would soon
be assisting1 the allies in the field. Portugal,
which early in the campaign announced that
its sympathies were with Britain, took steps
through its parliament Dec. 23 to give mili-
tary aid to the allies. Reported German at-
tacks upon Portuguese colonies in Africa had
much to do with this decision.
King- Gustav V. of Sweden. King- Haakon VII.
of Norway and King1 Christian X. of Denmark
met at Malmo, Sweden, Dec. 18 and 19 and
entered into an agreement to act in concert
should the neutrality of their respective coun-
tries be threatened or violated.
Though maintaining- strict neutrality. Hol-
land was obliged to mobilize its army to
guard its frontiers and was put to heavy ex-
pense in caring1 for the many thousands of
refugees flocking- into the country from Bel-
gium. An idea of the heavy burden laid upon
this peaceful nation may be gained from the
fact that Queen WilheJmina signed a bill Dec,
23 lor a war loan of $110,000,000.
Warfare at Sea.
While the war on land was wide in extent
and determined in character, that on the seas
was no less so. Of battles between great
and evenly matched fleets there were none,
but encounters between units or small squad-
rons were frequent and in some of these the
*OS8 of life was large. The main German
fleet remained sheltered in or near the Kiel
canal; that of Britain was somewhere near
the coast of the united kingdom, but just
where was not known and the exact where-
abouts of the French fleet was also kept a-
secret. Very early in the war it became evi-
dent that it was Germany's policy to depend,
upon floating- mines and submarines to wear
down the British naval strength little by little,
and to a certain extent this policy was suc-
cessful. The German mine laying- ship, the
Koenigin Louise, was sunk Aug. 5 by a Brit-
ish torpedo boat destroyer: on the evening of
the same day the British cruiser Amphion was-
sunk when it struck a mine probably laid
by the German ship. Aug. "7 the great ocean
steamship Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. which
was being used by the Germans as an auxiliary
cruiser, was sunk by the British cruiser High-
flyer on the west coast of Africa and on the
following day the German cruisers Ariadne.
Mainz and Koeln were sent to the bottom by
a superior British squadron near Helgoland.
Sept. 4 the British cruiser Pathfinder was
struck by a mine or submarine and Sept. 8 the
British auxiliary cruiser Oceanic was wrecked
off the coast of Scotland. Sept. 22 the Brit-
ish sustained a serious loss when the cruisers
Aboukir, Cressy and Hogue were torpedoed and
sunk ill the North sea by one or more German
submarines with heavy loss of life. Oct. 28
the British navy lost its first dreadnought, the
Audacious, which was sunk by a mine or wa»
torpedoed near the north coast of Ireland.
Battle Off Chile.
The first real naval battle of any conse-
quence took place off the coast of Chile Nov.
1. when a German squadron, consisting of the
cruisers Scharnhorst. Gneisenau. Leipzig and
Nurnbergr, met and sank the large British
cruisers Monmouth and Good Hope with a-
Joss of 1.450 men.
Falkland Islands Battle.
Dec. 8 the German squadron, which had dis-
posed of the Good Hope and Monmouth' and
had destroyed many British merchant vessels,
approached the Falkland islands in the South
Atlantic. A strong British squadron, consist-
ing of the battle cruisers Invincible and In-
flexible, the armored cruisers Carnarvon, Corn-
wall and Kent, the second class cruisers Glas-
gow and Bristol, the light cruiser Macedonia
and the old battle ship Canopus, had arrived
at Port Stanley the day before and were coal-
ing when the approach of the German war
vessels was signaled. In the battle which
followed the German cruisers Scharnhorst,
Gneisenau. Leipzig- and Nurnberg were sunk
with a total loss of about 2,500 men. The
cruiser Dresden managed to escape by ito
superior speed. The British ships v/ere un-
der command of Sir F; C. Doveton-Sturdee.
In commerce raiding the Germans were high-
ly successful, destroying scores of British mer-
chant vessels in various parts of the world.
Their ships winning the greatest renown in
this respect were the Emden. th3 Dresden, the
Prinz Eitel Friedrich. the Karlsruhe, the Kron-
prinz Wilhelm and the Kpenigsberg. The Em-
den, after destroying British merchantmen val-
ued at between $5.000.000 and $10.000.000
and sinking a Russian cruiser and a French,
destroyer, was put out of commission by the
Australian cruiser Sydney at Cocos island Nov.
10.
There were, other naval encounters and dis-
asters in which the loss fell now on one side
and now on the other. One of the. most se-
rious was the sinking- of the British battle
ship Bulwark at Sheerness. England. Nov. 26,
but this, after an examination, was declared
to be due to an internal explosion and not to
a hostile act.
England received a shock when German
cruisers approached its east coast Dec. 16 and
bombarded Scarborough. Whitby and Hartle-
pool. killing 101 persons and wounding- many
more. The victims were in many instances
women and children, and nearly all were civ-
ilians. It was claimed by the Germans that
these towns were fortified and subject to at»
590
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
tack, but this was denied by the British, es-
pecially as Vo Scarborough and Whitby. where
there were no fortifications pi any kind. •
Indiscriminate planting of mines in the North
sea caused the sinking1 ol many Norwegian,
Swedish Dutch and other neutral vessels, with
a considerable loss ol lile.
New Things in the War.
Some ol the modern inventions figured con-
spicuously even in the first months oi the
war. Mention has been made ol deadly work
ol the submarines and the heavy siege guns,
especially the 42 centimeter mortar used by
the Germans, but an even more important Part
•was played by the flying machines. Airplanes
were used extensively by all the belligerents
lor scouting- purposes, lor range finding and
lor dropping bombs and steel arrows on the
enemy. Dirigibles like the German Zeppelins
were also used, but were lound more vulner-
able to attack. Both airplanes and dirigibles
•were used in dropping bombs on large cities
like Paris and Antwerp, a practice condemned
in many quarters because it necessarily in-
volved the killing ol women and children ana
other noncombatants without inflicting any
particular military damage. Automobiles were
lound extremely uselul lor the ramd trans-
portation ol men. war materiel and supplies
and lor ambulance purposes. Some were ar-
mored and equipped with rapid fire sruns. Ar-
mored trains on the railroads at the irpnt
were lound effective at times. Portable wire-
less outfits were used as well as the tele-
graph and telephone.
Effect on Markets,
When it became evident that the great pow-
ers ol Europe had decided to engage in a life
and death struggle the whole system ol in-
ternational credit collapsed, and but lor such
heroic measures as establishing moratori-
ums and closing the bourses and .stock ex-
changes in all the principal countries of the
world widespread financial ruin would have
been inevitable. As it was there were some
serious iailures in London and New York be-
lore these steps were taken. . From July 20
to July 30 the depreciation in the. value pi
387 representative securities dealt in on the
London stock exchange amounted to _w*0.-
000.000. while Irom July 23 to July 30 the
shrinkage in the capital value ol 135 Ameri-
can stocks was $696.900.000. The cotton
market suffered severely Irom the closing pi
Europe's lactories. and but lor loans made by
the banks the growers in the United States
would have been ruined. The "buy a bale ol
cotton" movement in August and September
was intended to help the cotton men in the
crisis
United States Neutral.
To guard against the possibility of the
United States' oecoming involved in any way
in the war. President "Wilson issued a procla-
mation ol neutrality Aug. 4, and, in accord-
ance with its terms, this country maintained
a strict attitude ol noninterference toward all
the belligerents. The chiel executive also
asked all citizens ol the country . to re-
frain Irom expressions ol opinion liable to
arouse resentment and disorder. This request
was generally commended and complied with.
Congress, in addition to providing reliel lor
Americans abroad, passed a number ol bills
designed to protect and increase commerce,
such as the act providing lor the admission
of foreign built ships to American registry
(Aug. 16) and the act creating a bureau ol
"war risk insurance. Dec. 28 the president
protested against the interference ol Britain
with American shipping.
President Wilson Au£. 5 sent a message to
the heads ol the warring powers offering his
services as a mediator at any time that might
be deemed suitable. Courteous replies were
received, but no opportunity lor mediation
came.
Free from alliances with or obligations to
any of the belligerents, the. United States was
in a position to be ol special service to all of
them. A Red Cross ship was sent to Europe
with hospital supplies and nurses to aid in
caring lor the wounded and ill ol the com-
batants, and grain and flour were sent in
large quantities to relieve the extreme desti-
tution in Belgium. These supplies were dis-
tributed by an Amercian committee with the
advice and help ol the official representatives
of the United States, and while privation and
suffering on a large scale could not be pre-
vented, the unfortunate victims ol war were
saved Irom actual starvation. The interests
ol the warring countries were lor the most
part looked after by the ambassadors, minis-
ters and consuls of this country. To meet
the expenses of this extra service congress
Sept. 11 appropriated $1,000,000.
1915.
In the early part ol 1915 a new Russian
army advanced into East Prussia and had
things its own way until German troops under
Gen. von Hindenburg again came to the
rescue. In a battle lasting several days in
the second week ol February the Russians
were defeated in the Mazurian lake region,
losing, it was reported. 30,000 men in killed
and wounded and 50,000 taken prisoners.
In April and May the Germans began an
advance into the Russian Baltic region Irom
the East Prussian border. This continued
steadily, the invaders capturing Libau. an im-
portant port on the Baltic, and other places,
the Russians not being- able to offer effective
resistance.
Invasion of Russian Poland.
Russian Poland was invaded by Austro-
Hungarian troops in the first days of the war,
but they were soon driven out by the czar's
southern armies. On the last day ol August
the Austrians were badly defeated near Lem-
berg and two davs later the Russians entered
that city to remain there until June 22. 1915.
when they were compelled to evacuate it. They
advanced to the west and southwest, coming
close to Cracow and occupying the principal
passes in the Carpathians. Cossacks rode
down into the plain ol Hungary, but their
projected raid on Budapest had to be aban-
doned when their comrades were lorced by re-
verses elsewhere to retire Irom the dearly
boug-ht positions in the passes.
One of the mest brilliant exploits ol the
Russian forces in Galicia was the capture ol
the lortress ol Przemysl. Alter a siege last-
ing seven months it surrendered March 22.
with its garrison ol nearly 120.000 officers and
men. Its fall had a depressing effect upon the
Germanic allies and a correspondingly en-
couraging effect upon the Russians, who count-
ed confidently upon the capture ol Cracow
and the invasion ol hostile territory on the
other side ol the Carpathians. Fate willed it
otherwise arid the stronghold had to be
abandoned when the combined German and
Austro-Hungarian armies began their great
drive. Przemysl was recaptured by the Aus-
trians June 3, but the victors this time lound
little in the way ol booty and took lew
prisoners.
In January and February, 1915, the fighting
line belore Warsaw was along the Bzura river,
south ol Rawa. thence south to the Pilioa
river and thence east to Ivangorod. Both
sides were protected by trenches and the bat-
tles, while bloody, were as indecisive as those
in France and Belgium. There were numer-
ous encounters in the course ol the winter
and spring along the whole line Irom the Bal-
tic to Bukowina, and the names ol such places
as Tilsit. Kovno, Grodno. Lomza. Czenstocho-
wa. Jaroslau. Stanislau. Kolomea. Czernowitz.
Dukla pass. Uszok pass, Stryj, Tarnow. Mlawa
and Kielce. with those of scores ol others,
became familiar to readers ol the war news
Irom the east. There were victories and de-
leats. advances and retreats, following each
other in rapid and bewildering succession.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
591
Disaster Overtakes Sussians.
On the whole the Russians until May had
the advantage in that they occupied nearly the
whole of Ualicia and Bukowina and were on
the defensive only on a line not far from their
own frontier in Russian Poland and the Baltic
region. Then disaster befell them, chiefly, it
was claimed, because of lack of artillery, small
arms and ammunition. The Germans and
Austro-Hung'arians, possessing; an abundance
of these, massed huge armies under Field
Marshal von Hindenburgr, Field Marshal von
Mackensen, Gen. von Buelow, Gen. von
Woyrech and Field Marshal Archduke Fred-
erick asainst the right and left wingrs of the
extended Russian lines. The Germans under
Hindenburg advanced to the north of War-
saw while the Austrians under Archduke Fred--
erick assisted by Gen. von Mackenstn made an
onslaught on the Russian positions in the
neighborhood of the Carpathians in western
Galicia. The "drive" was a spectacular one,
especially in Galicia, where the Russians were
forced to give up all their conquered territory.
They had to abandon successively the Dukla
and Lupkow passes. Malatow. Gorlice and
Gromik. losing 100.000 men in prisoners alone.
In June they were forced to give up Stryj.
Radom. Przemysl. Stanislau. Mosciska. Grodek
and Lemberg. In July the Teuton armies had
driven the Russians entirely out of Galicia and
back to the last line of forts defending War-
saw. Hindenburg and his hosts came from the
west and north and Mackensen and Woyrsch
Jrom the south and southeast. The Russians
made a stand at the fortresses of Novo Geor-
gievsk on the north and Ivangorod on the
south. The fortress of Ossowetz, farther to
the north, which had withstood a siege of
many months, also was a rallying point for
Grand Duke Nicholas' hard pressed forces.
On Aug. 5 the Germans entered Warsaw
and captured Ivancorod. Thereafter it was
a continual retreat by the Russians until
finally they made a stand at Riga and Dvinsk
far to the north in the Baltic region. For a
time it was thought that the Germans would
succeed in taking Riga and also reach Petro-
grad. Lengthening communications, bad roads
and some naval disasters on the Baltic pre-
vented this outcome of the campaign. Tho
Russian retreat was conducted skillfully by
Grand Duke Nicholas until he was deposed by
the czar and sent to Transcaucasia, his place
being taken by the czar himself with Gen.
Russky second in command. In December
Gen. Russky was also relieved of his com-
mand.
Russia was more successful against Turkey
than against her nearest European foes. Late
in December and early in January several
Turkish army corps invaded the territory of
Kars in the southwestern part of the Caucasus.
One column got as far as Ardahan to the
northwest of Kara, while another was operat-
ing in the vicinity of Sari Kamysh. Both
these columns were routed, the one at Sari Ka-
mysh losing an entire corps consisting of
38,400 men, who were nearly all captured.
The Russians inflicted further Ipsses on the
Turks at Kara-Urganff and Jenikici. Turkish
operations in the region of the Caucasus were
thereafter of a less serious character, though
30,000 Ottomans and Kurds attempted to in-
vade the Khori-Dilam region, close to the bor-
ders of the Caucasus and Persia, in the latter
part of April. The Russians defeated them
in a two days' battle, the Turks leaving 3,500
dead on the field.
The Dardanelles Campaign.
Turkey, as a matter of fact, could not spare
many troops to fight Russia, as it had its
hands full in combating strong enemies much
nearer home. The warships of the allies bom-
barded some of the fortified Turkish positions
on the coasts late in December and in Janu-
ary, but no serious work wns attempted until
Feb. 19. when a combined fleet of British and
French warships began to shell the forts at
the .ffigpan sea entrance to the Dardanelles.
These, after a bombardment lasting until Feb.
26, were finally reduced and men were landed
at Kum Kale and Sedd-el-Bahr. Efforts were
made to clear the straits of mines and to
reduce the inner forts by bombarding them
heavily from both sides of the GalliDoli pen-
insula, but it was soon discovered that this
could not be done without the assistance of
large forces of Infantry. Before this conclu-
sion was arrived at the British lost the battle
ships Irresistible and Ocean and the French
the battle ship Bouvet with many men. The
vessels were said to have been sunk by tor-
pedoes fired from shore.
Strong forces of British. Australian and
French troops, with the co-operation of the
naval forces, succeeded in making a landing
April 25 at several points at the tip of the
Gallipoli peninsula, suffering heavy casualties
in so doing. Here they maintained themselves
for a considerable time, though fiercely at-
tacked by large Turkish forces with German
officers and bombarded by heavy artillery.
They inflicted a number of severe defeats on
the foe and progressed slowly in the direction
of Krithia and the fortress of Achi Baba.
They lost more than 40,000 men in killed,
wounded and missing. In May the British
battle ships Goliath, Triumph and Majestic
were torpedoed and sunk. The British land
operations on the peninsula were under corn-
man of Gen. Sir Ian Hamilton. Gen. Liman
von Sanders, a German, was in command of
the Turks until he was wounded. Gen. H. J.
E. Gouraud, commander of the French expedi-
tionary force, was also wounded.
In August a landing was made at Suvla bay
and considerable ground was taken, but the
movement eventually proved a failure, and the
soldiers were re-embarked and taken elsewhere.
The British and French lost more than 100.000
men in their operations on the Gallipoli pen-
insula.
Deadlock in the West.
Though a number of bloody battles were
fought on the western front in the course of
the year the line remained nearly as it was
at the close of 1914. Here and there the Brit-
ish and French advanced a few miles at the
cost of thousands of men killed or wounded
and at tremendous expenditure of ammuni-
tion: on one or two occasions the Germans
did the same, but there was never any sub-
stantial gain. The fiercest conflicts of the
year on this front were at Soissons. Jan. 8-13:
at Neuve Chapelle. March 10. 11 and 12: at
Ypres, April 23-28. and at Champagne in the
last days of September and the first of Oc-
tober.
Entrance of Italy Into War.
Italy, after remaining1 neutral nearly ten
months, declared war on Austria-Hungary
May 24. 1915. Though a member of the
triple alliance, Italy considered that Austria-
Hungary had broken the treaty by making an
unjust w;ir on Serbia. May 4 Italy itself
formally renounced the alliance after vainly
attempting to secure certain concessions from
Austria-Hungary. These were: The extension
of the Italian boundary in Trentino. a new
boundary on the Isonzo. special provision for
Trieste, the surrender of certain islands of
the Curzolari archipelago, the abandonment of
Italian claims in Albania, the recognition of
the Italian possession of Avlona and the
islands in the .ffigean sea, which Italy occu-
pied in its war with Turkey. Prince von Bue-
low, on behalf of Germany, made strong ef-
f.irts to induce Italy to remain neutral, but
Austria-Hungary was obstinate and nullified
his work by failing to meet the Italian de-
•n?nds except to a very unsatisfactory extent.
There was also a strong feeling among the
people that the British. French and Russians
were fighting the battles of democracy and
defending the rights of the smaller nations.
Having decided upon its cqursfl of action.
Italy formally joined the triple entente on
oonal tprms, making it a quadraiple entente.
Its military forces of something like 1.000,000
men. which had been kept in readiness for
months, were set in motion under the leader-
ship of Lieut.-Gen. Cadorna, chief of staff.
593
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
and of Xing' Victor Emmanuel himself. The
first step was to throw a strong1 force of in-
fantry and cavalry across the Austro-Hun-
garian frontier and occupy a stretch of
territory along1 the River Isonzo. They took
Caporetto, Cormons. Cervignano and Terzo and
subsequently captured Monfalcone and be-
sieged Goritz anad Malborgeth. The Austrian
positions, strong by nature, had been heavily
fortified and progress was necessarily slow
and costly. The Alpine regiments in. the Ital-
ian army performed surprising feats in taKing
some of these positions by climbing1 the nign
peaks dominating1 them. The Italians spared
the towns as much as possible, as the ma-
jority of the inhabitants were of their own
race, and directed their attention chiefly to
attacking the Austrian troops in such a man-
ner as to do little damage to property. The
fighting along the Isonzo continued with
heavy losses on both sides, but with the
Italians taking the initiative and going for-
ward steadily. This was also true of their
advance along Lake Garda in the direction
of Trent. The Italians fought well and ac-
complished some remarkable feats in captur-
<ng difficult positions, but up to the. close pi
the year neither side had won a decisive vic-
tory.
Defeat in Mesopotamia.
Numerous encounters between British-Indian
troops advancing up the Tigris and Euphrates
valleys in Mesopotamia and Turkish troops
sent from Bagdad and Constantinople took
place in the spring and later in the year,
In April a Turkish force of from 15,000 to
20.000 was badl7 defeated near Shaiba. The
battle was considered of importance in that
it placed the British in possession of that part
of Mesopotamia through which the projected
German railway from Bagdad to the Persian
gulf was to run. In July the British won an-
other victory at Sukesh-Sheyukh on the E
phrates river. They advanced until they were
close to Bagdad, but in October they were at-
tacked by a strong force of Turks ana driven
back as far as Kut-el-Amara.
Fighting Near Suez Canal.
In January the Turks assembled considerable
wer
with them a number of pontoons with which
to cross the canal. They succeeded in cross-
ing the desert and early on the morning of Feb.
3 attacked along the greater part of the east-
ern canal front between Serapeum and Tous-
soum. The British had been advised of thfir
approach and met them with such a deadly fire
that they were compelled to flee at all points,
leaving 400 killed and 600 prisoners. It was
estimated that the attacking party numbered
12,000 men. who were supported by six bat-
teries. The main attack was at Toussoum.
but there was also an assault at El Kantara,
which was easily repulsed. The British loss
was small, while the total casualties of the
Turks on the expedition were about 3.000.
"No further attacks were made .on the canal.
though it was reported that mines had beem
placed in it which did some damage to ship-
ping.
Massacres by Turks.
Turkish forces occupied Tabriz, capital of
the province of Azerbaijan, Persia, in January.
3or the purpose of making it a base for at-
tacking the Russian positions in the province
of Erivan. north of the Persian border and
south of Tiflis. Taking advantage .of the
warlike situation, bands of Kurds and in some
instances Turks began making ra.ids on the
Christian population of the Urumiah district.
killing hundreds. It was later estimated that
between 5,000 and 10.000 persons had met
their death by violence or t»y starvation in
their efforts to escape. Safety came only when
the Russians reoccupied Tabriz at the end of
the month. Thousands were saved by taking
refuge in the American mission stations un-
der the protection of the American flag.
Uprising in South Africa.
In October. 1914, an uprising by German
sympathizers, led by Col. Solomon G. Maritz.
Gen. Christian R. DeWet, Gen. Christian F.
Beyers and others, occurred in the Union of
South, Africa. Gen. Louis Botha, premier, and
Gen. J. C. Smuts, minister of defense, re-
mained loyal and after a campaign lasting into
January routed the rebels and captured most
of their leaders. Gen. Botha then turned his
attention to German (Southwest Africa, and
here, too, after a strenuous campaign ending
July 9, 1915, he succeeded in capturing all the
German military forces and taking posses-
sion for Great Britain of a territory having an
area of 322.450 square miles. Other British
forces were operating against the Kamerun
and German East Africa, the only colonies
remaining to Germany. Before the conquest
of German Southwest Africa Germany had
lost to Australia and Japan all its possessions
in the Pacific ocean.
Bulgaria Helps to Crush, Serbia.
Bulgaria, after making a bargain with Tur-
key for certain territorial and railway conces-
sions, cast her lot with Germany and Austria
and in October declared war on Serbia. That
country, after its successful campaign against
the Austrians in 1914, was exhausted and was
moreover attacked by a severe epidemic of
typhus fever. It remained at peace for eight
or nine months, in which time it reorganized
its army to some extent and with anything
like an even chance might have put up an-
other successful fight. But Serbia had only
about 200,000 men to pit against 600,000 Aus-
trians, Germans and Bulgarians, well equipped
with heavy guns and an abundance of am-
munition and other supplies. The result was
a foregone conclusion. After a campaign of
about six weeks almost the entire country was
in the hands of the enemy, the army waa
scattered and the king and government officials
were in flight.
With a view of helping the Serbians. French
and British troops were landed at Saloniki.
Greece, early in the fall, but they were not
strong enough to accomplish anything.
Greece managed to keep out of the war.
though subjected to great pressure from all
sides. As in Bulgaria, popular sympathy
seemed to be with the allies, but the royal
families and military chiefs were with the
Germans at heart. M. Venizelos, the leading
statesman of Greece and the strongest friend
or the entente, was in power from June to
October, but was then practically forced out
by King Constantine. who did not approve
of the premier's proally policy.
War on the Sea.
Jan. 24, 1915. a fight occurred in the North
sea between a British squadron under com-
mand of Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty and
a German squadron, the most important re-
sult of which was the sinking of the German
cruiser Bluecher with heavy loss of life. No
other general encounters occurred between the
fleets, the bulk of the British navy being kept
in reserve to the north of Scotland, while the
most powerful vessels of the German navy
were sheltered in the Kiel canal or its vicinity.
The cruiser Dresden, after escaping from the
battle at the Falkland islands, was sunk by
British warships at Juan Fernandez island in
the Paafte March 14. 1915. The Karlsruhe
was bottled up in the Rufiji river. East Africa.
Oct. 30. 1914. and was finally destroyed July
11, 1915. The Prinz Eitel Friedrich and the
Kronprinz Wilhelm took refuge at Newport
News, Va., March 10 and April 11, respective-
ly, and were interned for the remainder of the
war.
Floating mines planted by the belligerents in
the North sea and other waters caused many
disasters, especially to merchant vessels, those
flying neutral flags included. They were lesa
effective against ships of war, as these took
greater precautions.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
593
Activity of the Submarines.
Submarines played a conspicuous part in the
war at sea. and also in diplomatic controversies
arising from the manner in which they were
used in violation of international law. Ger-
man undersea craft torpedoed and sank the
British battle ships Formidable, Triumph and
Majestic; the cruisers Pathfinder, Aboukir,
Cressy, Hogue and Hermes; the auxiliary cruis-
ers Oceanic and Bayano and various other
naval ships. The undersea craft winning the
most renown in this work were the U-29,
commanded by Capt. Otto Weddingen, and the
U-51. commanded by Capt. Otto Hersing. The
latter submarine traveled 5,000 miles Irom
Germany to the Dardanelles, where it sank two
British battle ships. The former, after de-
stroying three British cruisers and a consid-
erable number of merchant vessels,, was itself
sunk in March by a British vessel. The French,
Italians and Russians also suffered from the
activities of German and Austro-Hungarian
submarines. The French lost the cruiser Leon
Gambetta, the Italians the cruisers Amalft and
Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Russians the bat-
tle ship Panteleimon and the cruiser Pallada.
On the other hand, British submarines de-
stroyed the German cruiser Hela, the Turkish
cruiser Medjidieh and battle ship Messoudieh.
An English undersea boat caused the destruc-
tion of Turkish craft not only in the Sea of
Marmora but in the harbor of Constantinople
itself.
It was. however, in the destruction of mer-
chant vessels that the submarines showed the
greatest activity. There being no German
freight or passenger vessels on the seas any-
where after the first week or two of the war,
the victims of the undersea terrors were neces-
sarily craft belonging to other nations. Brit-
ain naturally suffered the most, its merchant
fleet being the largest in the world and its
ports being near Germany: but the other bel-
ligerent countries had to pay their share of
the toll. The German submarine warfare was
not confined to attacks upon the vessels of
the countries with which the empire was at
war. They extended in numerous cases to ves-
sels belonging to neutral countries, when such
craft ventured into the so called "war zone,"
covering the waters about the coasts of the
British Isles. France. Germany-. Russia and
Italy. Scores of ships belonging to Norway.
Sweden. Holland. Denmark and the United
States were sent to the bottom in the North
sea. the English channel, the Irish sea and the
Baltic, in some cases without warning and
without giving the crews a chance to escape
with, their lives.
Reply to Starvation Policy.
Germany held that it was justified in adopt-
ing this mode of warfare, because Great Brit-
ain had blockaded German ports and was at-
tempting to starve the people of the empire
by preventing the admission of food supplies,
either directly or through the Scandinavian
countries and Holland. Feb. 4 the German
government issued a proclamation declaring
the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ire-
land, including the whole English channel, to
be a war zone. "On and after Feb. 18. 1915."
continued the proclamation, "every enemy mer-
chant ship found in the said war zone will
be destroyed without its being always possi-
ble to avert the dangers threatening the crews
and passengers on that account. Even neutral
ships are exposed to danger in the war zone,
as. in view of the misuse of neutral flags or-
dered on Jan. 31 by the British government
and the accidents of naval war. it cannot al-
ways be avoided to strike even neutral ships
in attacks that are directed at enemy ships."
Between Feb. 18 and July 30 more than 300
merchant vessels had fallen victims to the
German submarines. This included steamers
and sailing craft ranging in size from the
32.000 ton Lusitania to fishing boats. The
number of noncombatants losing their lives in
this warfare was nearly 2.000.
When Germany issued the proclamation of
Feb. 4 the United States, through Secretary
of State William J. Bryan, notified Germany
that "if commanders of German vessels oi
war should act upon the presumption that tte
flag of the United States was not being used
in good faith and should destroy on the high
seas an American vessel or the lives of Amer-
ican citizens, it would be difficult for the gov-
ernment of the United States to view the act
in any other light than as an indefensible
violation of neutral rights which it would be
very hard to reconcile with the friendly re-
lations now so happily subsisting between, the
two governments. If such a deplorable situa-
tion should arise the imperial German gov-
ernment can readily appreciate that the gov-
ernment of the United States would be con-
strained to hold the imperial German govern-
ment to a strict accountability for such acts
of their naval authorities and to take any
steps it might be necessary to take to safe-
guard American lives and property and to f-e-
cure to American citizens the full enjoyment
of their acknowledged rights on the high
seas." _ja_
Sinking of the Lusitania.
This plain statement of the position takett
by the American government apparently had
no effect on the German submarine policy, as
the American vessel Gulflight was torpedoed
May 1. as a result of which two or more'
American citizens met their death, and the'
liner Lusitania. on which it was known lhati
a large number of Americans were passengers^
was torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Ire^
land May 7. More than 1,000 persouis. of
whom 102 were Americans, lost their lives on
that occasion. The world was horrified that
a passenger ship carrying such a large num-
ber of noncombatants. including women and
children, shoxild l>e sent to the bottom with-
out a moment's warning by an unseen craft.
President Wilson on May 13 addressed a
note to the German government calling atten-
tion to the position taken by the United States
with regard to the German war zone proclama-
tion of Feb. 4 and asking the German govern-
ment to take immediate steps to prevent the
recurrence of anything so obviously subversive
of the principle of warfare for which it had
previously contended.
"The imperial German government." read the
closing paragraph of the note, "will not ex-
pect the government Oi the United States to
omit any word or act necessary to the per-
formance of its sacred duty of maintaining'
the rights of the United States and of sale-
guarding their free exercise and enjoyment."
Contention of Germany.
It was contended by the German govern-
ment that it had the right to destroy the
Lusitania because it carried war supplies. It
was also pointed out that Americans had been
warned by advertisements inserted in leading
newspapers in the United States that it would
be dangerous to take passage on the vessel.
The claim was further made that the Lusi-
tania was armed with concealed cannon, but
this was emphatically denied by the port au-
thorities of New York.
In the correspondence which followefl Presi-
dent Wilson C9ntended that the principles of
humanity and international law must be main-
tained in spite of the fact, upon which Ger-
many laid stress, that the invention of the
submarine had created a new situation to
which recognized international law was not
applicable. The president insisted that citi-
zens of the United States had the right to
travel in safety upon the merchant vessels of
belligerent nations and that such vessels could
not be sunk under any circumstances until the
safety of those on board had been assured. In
his note dated July 21 the president, after im-
pressing upon the German government the ne-
cessity for a scrupulous observance of neu-
tral rip-hts. concluded:
"Friendship itself prompts it [the govern-
ment of the United States] to say to the im-
perial government that the repetition by the
rommnnr'ers of German naval vessels of acts
in contravention of those rights must be re-
594
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK F^K 1919.
grarded by the government of the United States,
•when they affect American citizens, as delib-
erately unfriendly."
These and other notes which were exchanged
resulted in a promise by Germany that no
more liners should be sunk, but the promise
•was not kept.
Gushing and Falaba Incidents.
Diplomatic correspondence with Germany was
also had concerning an attack April 28 by a
German airplane on the American steamer
Cushing; the torpedoing: of the British steam-
ship Falaba March 27, by which at least one
American life was lost; the torpedoing of the
American steamship Nebraskan on the evening
of May 25 and the destruction of the Amer-
ican steamship William P. Frye on Jan. 28.
1915. by the German armed cruiser Prinz Ei-
tel Friedrich. In the last named case it was
contended by the United States and admitted
by Germany that the sinking of the ship wag
in contravention of the Prussian-American
treaties of 1799 and 1828. which provided that
contraband belonging to the subjects or citi-
zens of either party cannot be confiscated by
the other in any case, but only detained or
used in consideration of payment of the full
value of the same. Germany insisted, however,
that the case should be submitted to the Ger-
man prize court and to this the United States
refused its consent. In this connection it is of
interest to note that another American steam-
er, the American ship Leelanaw. carrying a
cargo of flax, was sunk off the Orkney islands
July 25 by a German submarine after it had
taken off the crew. The ease was held by the
American authorities to be identical with that
of the William P. Frye.
Germany entered a protest April 11 against
the exportation of munitions of war from the
United States to the entente powers. This it
declared to be contrary to the spirit of true
neutrality. In reply the American government
maintained that any change in its own laws of
neutrality which would affect unequally the
relations of the United States with the nations
at war would be an unjustifiable departure
from the strict neutrality by which it had
sought to direct its actions. In other words,
the United States could not be held responsi-
ble for the_ fact that the German empire, ow-
ing to Britain's command of the sea. was
unable to import war supplies from the United
States.
Resignation of Mr. Bryan.
Owing to a difference of opinion as to the
proper manner of conducting the diplomatic
correspondence with the belligerent nations
and especially with Germany concerning the
Lusitania case, the American secretary of state.
William Jennings Bryan, resigned his position
June 8. He maintained that both he and
President Wil=on desired to keep the United
States from becoming embroiled in the Euro-
pean war. but that they disagreed as to meth-
ods. Mr. Bryan was succeeded by Kobert
Lansing, counselor of the state department.
British interference with American com-
merce, not only with Germany and Austria-
Hungary but with neutral countries, by the
seizure and detention of ships under its "or-
ders in council" led to much correspondence
between the state department in Washington
and the foreign office in London. This cov-
ered a wide and intricate field and the views
expressed appeared at times to be irreconcil-
able. American exporters were annoyed by the
delays they experiencfd in the British prize
covrt, while British officials held that matters
were expedited as much as possible and that
there wag less complaint from American busi-
ness men and bankers than from government
officials and international lawyers. The cor-
respondence was conducted with moderation
and restraint and there was no hint that the
differences could not be amicably adjusted
through the ordinary diplomatic channels.
Cases calling for the exchange of notes in-
cluded those of the Wilhelmina. which, with
its cargo of foodrtuffs destined for the civil
population of Germany, was seized by Britain;
Of the Greenbrier. which was similarly seized
with a cargo of cotton, and of the Dacia. also
loaded with cotton. The last named vessel,
with its cargo, was subsequently seized by the
French authorities, but the owners of boat
arid cargo received satisfactory compensa-
tion.
Dr. Beruhard Dernburg, a former colonial
secretary in the German foreign office, was en-
gaged in presenting the German side of the
European war to the people of this country.
Some remarks made by him after the sinking
of the Lusitania aroused criticism of a kind
which led him to end his mission here and
return to Berlin.
Plots in the United States.
Not all of the international troubles of the
Washington authorities were occasioned by
deeds on the other side of the Atlantic. Many
originated in the United States through the
propaganda of official representatives of the
belligerent nations and of the machinations of
self-appointed agents of these countries. Some
pf the mischiefmakers were undoubtedly men
in whom love of the land of their birth was
greater than love of the land of their adoption
and who thought they were doing their fath-
erland a service by burning or blowing up mu-
nition factories. Still others were dangerous
cranks such as come to the surface in all
times of popular excitement.
Early on the morning of Feb. 2 an attempt
was made to blow up with dynamite the in-
ternational bridge between Vanceboro, Me., and
New Brunswick, Canada. Werner Horn, claim-
ing to be a German reservist, was arrested.
He admitted the act and tried to justify it on
the ground that his country was at war with
Canada. He was held on the technical charge
of illegally transporting explosives.
Frank Holt, also known as Erich Muenter,
an educator, attempted to blow up the capitol
in Washington, D. C., July 2. and on the fol-
lowing day tried to kill J. Pierpont Morgan,
the financier, at Glen Cove, L. I. Both at-
tempts were failures: the damage to the capitol
was slight and Mr. Morgan's wounds proved
not serious. The motive alleged in each case
was to put an end to the w-ar in Europe.
Holt, who seemed to be mentally unbalanced,
was arrested, but on the night of July 6 he
committed suicide by throwing himself to the
ground floor of the Mineola (L. I.) jail from
a height of twenty feet. It was learned that
he had been making fire bombs which, on
being hidden in vessels, would cause them to
burn at sea.
On Oct. 24 two Germans were arrested near
New; York city while they were testing ex-
plosives in a secluded wood. One of them
gave the name of Robert Fay and said that he
was a lieutenant in the German army. He
claimed that he came to New York at the
instance of the German secret service to de-
velop means of blowing up munition ships
leaving New York for Europe. Four other
men were arrested and all were subsequently
indicted for conspiracy.
Charles C. Crowley, a private detective, was
arrested in San Francisco, Cal.. Nov. 26,
charged with plotting to dynamite ships car-
rying munitions to the allies.
Karl Buenz and a number of other officials
of the Hamburg-American line were placed on
trial in New York city in November on the
charge of conspiracy to deceive and defraud
the United States by dispatching ships with
supplies to German cruisers at sea in the
early part of the war. They were found guilty
and sentenced to prison terms.
Dumba, Von Papen and Boy-Ed.
Constantin Dumba, ambassador of Austria.
Hungary to the United States, was understood
to be particularly active in fomenting strikes
in American munition factories, but positive
proof was lacking until James J. F. Archibald,
an American war correspondent, was detained
by the British naval authorities at Falmouth.
England, when he arrived there Aug. 30 on his
way to Germany and Austria. Among the
Capers found on him was one from Constantin
Dumba addressed to Baron Stephan Burian, tht
ALMANAC AND YEAR-bOOK FOR 1919.
595
Austro-Hungarian minister of foreign affairs.
In this letter the ambassador wrote, among
other things:
"It is my impression that we can disorganize
and hold up for months, if not entirely pre-
vent, the manufacture of munitions in Bethle-
hem and the middle west, which, in the opin-
ion of the German military attache, is of great
importance and amply outweighs the expendi-
ture of money involved."
Because of the statements made in this let-
ter, and also because he employed as a mes-
senger an American citizen carrying Ameri-
can passports, the recall of Ambassador Dum-
ba was asked by the United States govern-
ment and after some delay the demand was
complied with by the Vienna authorities.
Capt. voa Papen. the German naval attache,
also lost standing In Washington by the pub-
lication of one of bis letters found in the pos-
session of Mr. Archibald. Referrina: to the
sinking of the Arabic, Capt. von Papen wrote :
"I always say to these idiotic Yankees that
they had better hold their tongues."
It was not until later in the year, or Dec.
3. to b^ exact, that Capt. von Papen and
Capt. Boy-Ed, the German military attache,
were declared no longer acceptable to the
government in Washington. Their recall fol-
lowed as a matter of course, though, as they
were the personal appointees of Emperor Wil-
liam, their enforced departure caused a sen-
sation both in this country and in Europe.
Raids by Zeppelins.
Many raids by Zeppelin dirigibles were made
over the eastern counties of England in the
course of the year. In all 177 persons were
killed and 384: injured, the. victims in practi-
cally all instances being civilians, including
women and children. The property loss was
considerable. The most serious raid was that
of Oct. 13. when the central part of London
was bombarded, with a loss of fifty-six killed
and 114 injured. Prom a military point of
view the raids were apparently of no value.
Execution of Edit ft Cavell.
Miss Edith Cavell. an English nurse was
arrested by the Germans in Brussels. Belgium,
Aug. 5. and was executed Oct. 12, after hav-
ing been convicted of assisting fugitive British
and French soldiers to escape from Belgium.
Brand Whitlock, American minister to Bel-
gium, and his assistants made every effort to
save her life but their pleas were ignored.
In December, 1915, Gen. Sir John French,
commander of the British forces in France,
was recalled to England and his place given
to Gen. Sir Dousrlas Haig. Gen. Joffre. the
commander in chief of the French, was anven
greater authority and began to make many
changes among the division generals in the
field.
1916.
The outstanding features of the war in 1916
were these :
The struggle for the possession of Verdun,
the battle of the Somme. the naval battle on
the North sea off Jutland, the great Russian
offensive in Galicia and Bukowina. the con-
quest by the Germans of Roumama, which
had entered the struggle on the side of the
allies, the restoration of the Polish kingdom
by Germany, and the death by drowning of
Earl Kitchener, the great military organizer.
Struggle for Verdun.
It is probable that the desire of the Ger-
mans to take Verdun was based iipon the
moral effect which such a victory would have
and not upon the military value of the posi-
tion. It is equally probable that the same
reason impelled the French to defend the for-
tress so heroically and successfully. Defeat at
this point would have discouraged soldiers and
citizens, though It mieiit not have impaired
the line of defense to any serious extent.
Fighting in this region betran Feb. 22, and
with some temporary intermissions continued
until the end of the year. It was con-
tinuous or nearly so until September, though
the attacks of the Germans were less deter-
mined than they were before the battle of tne
Somme began in July. At the beginning ot
September the Germans were within about
three miles of Verdun itself and shells fell
into the city regularly.
Then, on Sept. 9, the French made a swift
advance and recaptured Fort Douaumont, one
of the strongest of the outer forts. This was
followed five weeks laiter by another rapid ad-
vance which brought back into French pos-
session nearly all the territory east of Ver-
dun lost to the Germans since February. How
many lives were lost and how many men were
maimed for life in this region in the course
of the year cannot be told, as no reliable
figures were made public, but the number
must have been appallingly great. Probably
no other area of similar size on any of the
battle fronts has been more thoroughly
drenched in human blood.
Battle of the Somme.
Partly to relieve the pressure on Verdun and
partly tp take the initiative from the enemy,
the British and French began a vigorous o.-
fensive north and south of the Somme river.
July 1. It was preceded by a severe bom-
bardment which caused much havoc among
the German trenches, and when the infantry
moved forward the resistance, ai least at the
start, was comparatively weak. The allies
advanced over a thirty mile front to a depth
of a mile or more. In the course of the fol-
lowing weeks and months progress was made
from time to time until the allies reached a
line running parallel with the road between
Peronne and Bapaume. In some places they
even crossed that road. German defensive
works, which it had taken more than a year
to construct and which were supposed to be
impregnable, were battered down by the heavy
guns of the allies until they could no longer
t>e successfully held.
Greatest Naval Battle in History.
What is generally recognized as the greatest
naval battle in history was fought between
the main British and German fleets on the
North sea fifty miles west of Jutland May 31.
It was by no means a decisive encounter, as
both sides claimed the victory. The losses
were heavier on the British side both in ships
and men. but it was claimed that relatively
the German loss was the more serious. The
tonnage of British ships lost was 114,100,
while that of the German ships lost was
63,015. In men the British lost 6,104 killed
and 513 wounded, the Germans 2.414 dead
and 449 missing. Both fleets returned to their
bases for repairs and both in the course of a
few weeks were reported to be ready for an-
other encounter. The Germans sent out sev-
eral small raiding squadrons, which did some
damage, but the main fleet remained in its
home port and the British remained in control
of the sea, until the end of the war.
Britain Loses Kitchener.
Field Marshal Earl Kitchener, British secre-
tary of state for war, met an untimely death
June1 5 when he and his staff were on their
way to Russia. The cruiser Hampshire, on
which they were passengers, either struck a
mine or was torpedoed while passing the
Orkney islands. A heavy sea .was running and
such boats as were«launched were smashed or
swamped, Only a aozen men who clung to a
raft escaped with their lives. Earl Kitchener
went down to death with the others on the
ship. His death was greatly regretted by the
allies, but it was also felt1 that the better part
of «his work as an organizer liad been com-
pleted.
Russia Takes Initiative.
During the winter and spring of the year
the Russians, who, in the fall of 1915 had
been driven out of Galicia. Bukowina and 4
i part of the northwestern provinces, reorgan-
596
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
ized and re-equipped their armies, which, un-
der the able leadership of Gen. Brussiloff. be-
gan a sudden offensive resulting in the recov-
ery of a considerable part of the lost territory
in the southwest and the capture of a large
number of prisoners. The whole of Bukowina
was taken and in Galicia the Russians came
within a short distance of Lemberg before
they were stopped. On the northern part of
the front there was little change, the lines
on both sides being thinly held while greater
operations were in progress elsewhere.
Grand Duke Nicholas carried on a success-
ful campaign in the Caucausus and Armenia,
capturing1 among1 other places the important
towns of Trebizond. Erzerum, Baiburt. Bitlis
and Erzingan.
Kut-el-Amara Disaster.
Two reverses were suffered by the British in
the east. Maj.-Gen. Charles Townshead, with a
force of about 12.000 men. was forced to sur-
render by the Turks at Kut-el-Amara in Meso-
potamia April 29. Prior to that time the
British had 10 evacuate the Gallipoli penin-
sula, where so many lives were lost in 1915
in an attempt to get command of the Darda-
Several attempts were made by the Turks to
approach the Suez canal, but all were disas-
trous failures. In Africa the Germans man-
aged to retain some remote sections of their
colony of East Africa, but otherwise their pos-
sessions in the dark continent passed into
enemy hands.
In the Saloniki region the event of the year
•was the return of the rehabilitated Serbian
army, which, with French, British and Italian
help, recaptured the city of Monastir Nov. 19.
Russians assisted in the Macedonian campaign
and also on the front in France.
Italians Lose and Win.
On the Austrp-Italian front there -were two
movements of importance. One was by the
Austrian forces which, beginning May 15.
drove the Italian troops to their own frontier.
The latter, under the direct command of Gen.
Cadorna. rallied and not only stopped the Aus-
trians, but drove them back about to the line
from which they had started. The other
movement was by the Italians, who took the
Austrian trenches along the Isonzo river and
finally, on Aug. 9, took Goritz by assault.
L«ater they occupied a number of strong posi-
tions on the Carso plateau and threatened
Trieste with capture.
Boumania Meets Serbia's Fate,
Roumania declared war on Austria-Hungary
Aug. 27 because among other things the dual
empire had violated its assurance that the
•war against Serbia was not inspired. by a
spirit of conquest or a desire for territorial
gains. Generally the people of Roumania were
in sympathy with the allied cause and there
was also a desire to incorporate the Rouma-
nian part of Transylvania into the king-dom.
Immediately after declaring war the Rouma-
nian authorities sent their armies across the
Carpathians into Transylvania, where Krond-
Etadt. Hermannstadt and various other towns
•were taken. This success was merely tem-
porary, for the Germans under Field Marshal
von Mackensen invaded Roumania from the
south, east and north and advanced with such
rapidity that by Dec. 6 they took possession of
the capital, Bucharest, and all but annihilated
the defending armies. Jassy was made the
temporary capital of Roumania.
Polish Kingdom "Restored."
Emperor William and Emperor Francis Jo-
seph issued a manifesto Nov. 5 proclaiming' the
restoration of a hereditary monarchy and con-
stitutional government for the Polish districts
taken from Russia. Subsequently Archduke
Carl Stephen of Austria was chosen to be re-
gent of the new state.
Venizelists Join Allies.
Greece was divided into two camps. The
royalists, led by King Constantine. favored the
central powers, while a large proportion of the
people, with the statesman Venizelos at their
head, sympathized with the entente. The Ven-
izelists set UP a provisional government, or-
ganized regiments of troops and after declar-
ing war on Germany took an active part in
the fighting1 in Macedonia. The allies grad-
ually deprived King- Constantine of power to
do harm and to enforce their demands upon
him they declared a, blockade of all the ports
of Greece.
Ireland Scene of Revolt.
In addition to carrying on a gigantic war
ag-ainst the central powers Britain was called
upon to face a serious revolt in Ireland. This
uprising, which seems to have been fostered
mainly by the Sinn Fein society and to have
had asaistance from certain sources in Amer-
ica and Germany, lasted one week, or from
Monday. April 24. to Sunday. May 1. It was
confined to Dublin and one or two smaller
places and was suppressed without great dif-
ficulty, but not until some 300 persons had
been killed and more than 1,000 wounded.
In Dublin 179 buildings were burned and
wrecked by shells, the value of the property
destroyed amounting to 815.000,000 About
l.COO of the insurgents were captured and
fifteen of the leaders were executed after trials
by court-martial. Many others were sentenced
to various terms of imprisonment. Among
those executed were Padraic H. Pearse pro-
visional president of the proposed Irish re-
public. Thomas J. Clarke. Thomas MacDon-
agh. Joseph Plunkett. John McBride and Ed-
mund Kent.
One of the most prominent men connected
with the revolt in Ireland was Sir Roger
Casement, a former consular official, but a
resident of Germany after the beginning of the
war. He induced the German government to
send him with a cargo of arms to Ireland,
but on arriving there.; April 21. he was ar-
rested and the vessel carrying the arms was
sunk to avoid capture. He was tried for trea-
son, found guilty and executed in Pentonville
jail Aug. 3.
Zeppelins Raid England.
Zeppelins continued to raid England at in-
tervals. confining1 their operations chiefly to
the seacoast counties, but occasionally getting
as far inland as London and as far north as
Scotland. They killed some 200 civilians and
destroyed some property, but caused no ap-
preciable military damage. The defensive air
service of Britain showed a marked improve-
ment and several of the raiding1 Zeppelins were
brought to earth or sea in flames, their
crews perishing under the most appalling- con-
ditions. In the course of the year more than
a dozen of the German dirig-ible ships ware de-
stroyed and a number of others were wrecked
by storms.
On all the fronts the work of the airmen
was an important feature of the year's cam-
paigns. Their aid in directing- artillery fire
was invaluable and their raids on enemy
bases, railroad and ammunition depots were in
numerous cases successfxil. Amoner the noted
airmen who lost their lives were Immelmann,
Wintg-ens, Mulzer and Boelke., Germans, and
Chapman. Rockwell and Prince, Americans
fighting for France.
French, and Belgian Deportations.
In April and May some 25,000 French wom-
en and girls were forcibly taken from their
homes in Lille, Turcoing- and Roubaix and sent
by the German authorities to work in the
harvest fields and factories in the Aisne and
Ardennes districts. In October the German
authorities in Belgium began forcibly remov-
ing able-bodied men from their homes and
sending- them into Germany to do such work
as might be assigned to them. This raised an
outcry not only throxighout Belgium but
throug-hout the civilized world, but it had no
effect on the policy adopted by Germany and
defended by it as necessary to counteract the
evil effects of unemployment. President Wil-
son, in a note presented to the German for-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1819.
597
eign office Nov. 29. strongly protested against
these deportations.
Execution of Capt. Fryatt.
One of the painful events of the year was
the execution in Bruges, Belgium, July 27, of
Capt. Charles Fryatt. commander «f a British
steamship. He had been captured with his
ship and was tried on the charge of attempt-
ing, though a noncombatant, to ram a Ger-
man submarine. He was found guilty and
shot.
"Tanks," or armored tractors, made their
appearance in the battle of the Somme and
proved successful. It was a British invention
which took the Germans by surprise and
caused no little commotion among them. The
so called tanks or land ships ran over all kinds
of obstacles and even crossed trenches. Ordi-
nary rifles and machine guns were ineffective
against them.
Merchant Marine Suffers Heavily.
Germany continued its submarine warfare
not only against the merchant vessels of the
entente powers but against those of neutral
countries as well. Norway, which is a mari-
time nation, was a heavy loser and at one
time when its coasts were virtually block-
aded by the underwater boats it looked as
though friendly relations with Germany might
have to be discontinued. Complaint was gen-
eral that even when the crews of the vessels
destroyed were given time to take to small
boats they were often left far out at sea
exposed to great peril and hardship. It
was also charged that in numerous cases, con-
trary to the promises made by the German
government, merchant and passenger vessels
were torpedoed without warning, involving in
come instances a considerable loss of life.
The operations oi the German "U" boats ex-
tended from the Arctic ocean to the Medi-
terranean and from the eastern to the west-
ern boundary of the Atlantic. Some German
and Austrian vessels were sunk by entente
submarines, but they were comparatively few,
owing to scarcity of Teutonic ships ventur-
ing out upon the seas.
Break with Germany Near.
Germany's submarine policy, which came
rear causing a break, in the friendly rela-
tions of the empire with the United States
after the sinking of the Lusitania May 7,
1915, again brought about a critical situation
when on March 24, 1916. the French chan-
nel steamer Sussex was torpedoed without
warning. About eighty of the 325 passen-
gers aboard were killed or wounded, the vic-
tims including a number of Americans. The
circumstances were patiently investigated and
it was established beyond a doubt even to
the satisfaction of the German authorities
that the channel steamer had been attacked
without warning. Feeling ran high and on
April 19 President Wilson appeared before
congress in joint session, explained the situa-
tion in detail and announced that unless Ger-
many changed its method of dealing with
passenger and freight carrying vessels the
American government would have no choice
but to sever diplomatic relations with the Ger-
man government.
Germany's response to the speech wa.s an an-
nouncement made May 4 that no more mer-
chant vessels would be "sunk without warn-
ing and without saving human lives." The
reply was accepted as satisfactory and the
crisis ended, though numerous cases arose
after that requiring investigation by the agents
of the American government as to whether
the promise made to it by Germany had
been kept or disregarded. The torpedoing by
a German submarine of three British, one
Norwegian and one Dutch vessel off the Rhode
Island coast Oct. S did not improve the situa-
tion.
Congress Sustains President.
Beginning early in January there was a
movement among certain members of the
house of representatives and the senate in
Washington to warn Americans to refrain
from traveling on armed merchantmen or
liners belonging to the European, belligerents.
Resolutions to this effect were introduced by
Congressman Jeff McLemore and Senator
Thomas P. Gore, but were strongly opposed
by the president and those who believed with
him that American rights should not be
abridged in any degree. Both the resolutions
were defeated by decisive majorities.
Germany Offers "Peace."
On Dec. 12 Germany in a formal note offered
to enter into peace negotiations, but did not
specify any terms. The offer was practically
rejected by the entente powers, which had been
making, extensive preparations to carry on the
war with greater energy. The cabinets of
Britain, France and Russia had been recon-
structed with a view to concentrating power
in fewer hands and thus obtaining Quicker and
more decisive action. In Britain Herbert H.
Asquith was succeeded as prime minister by
David Lloyd George, who in a speech delivered
in the house of commons Dec. 19 declared
there would be no peace except on the basis
of reparation, restitution and guaranties by
Germany. In France Gen. Nivelle was made
commander in chief and Gen. Joffre was creat-
ed marshal of France.
Wilson Suggests Pacific Step.
President Wilson in a note dated Dec. 18 and
addressed to all the belligerent nations asked
them to indicate precisely on what terms they
would make peace.
Deutschland Visits America.
Germany partially evaded the allies' block-
ade by sending to the United States a merchant
submarine, the Deutschland, commanded by
Capt. Paul Koenig. The craft brought a
valuable cargo of dyestuffs and other articles
and took back rubber and various articles
badly needed in the fatherland. Two trips
were made, one in July and August and the
other in November and December. Another
merchant submarine, the Bremen, left Ger-
many between the first and second voyages
of the Deutschland, but was lost at sea.
Plots against the neutrality of the United!
States were not so numerous or successful as
in 1915, prior to the recall of the Austrian
ambassador and the German military and naval
attaches. There were a number of suspicious
explosions in munitions factories and an ex-
plosion and fire in Jersey City, N. J.. July 30.
causing a loss of about $20,000,000. which,
was attributed to the enemies of the entente
powers.
Campaign for National Defense.
National defense, or "preparedness." as it
was popularly called, occupied the attention
of the public and congress during a large
part of the year, as it did to some extent in
1915. The controversies with Germany and
Great Britain and the Mexican trouble made
the military weakness of the United States
more apparent than ever, and there was a
strong demand that the country should be
placed in a position that would defy aggres-
sion from any quarter. President Wilson
made a tour of the east and middle west in
January and February advocating the forma-
tion of a reserve of 500,000 citizen soldiers
to assist the regular army. The secretary of
war. Lindley M. Garrison, advocated larger
national forces, holding that because of
constitutional limitations no reliance could be
placed upon state troops in time of
jmergency. no matter how efficient they might
be as soldiers. The president disagreed with
this view, and the result was that Mr. Gar-
rison resigned Feb. 10. He was succeeded
by Newton D. Baker of Cleveland. O.
In May. June and July elaborate prepared-
ness parades were held in some of the chief
cities of the country with a view of impress-
ing upon congress the' earnestness of the peo-
nle's desire for a stronger national defense.
The largest of these parades took place in
598
ALMAKAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
New York city May 13 and in Chicago June
3. In each city more than 125.000 persons
were in line.
Congress responded by passing laws for in-
creasing the size and efficiency of the army
and the navy, for a larger number of cadets
at West Point and Annapolis, and for stronger
fortifications on the coasts. Appropriations
amounting to nearly $700.000.000 for these
and similar purposes were passed. . The bill
for increasing the navy was especially note
worthy. It provided for the building of ten
first class battle ships, six battle cruisers, ten
scout cruisers, fifty torpedo boat, destroyers
sixty-seven submarines and various other
ships It also provided for a government
armor plant and additional navy yards, as
well as for the extension of the yards already
in existence.
1917.
the
Naturally from the American point of view.
uie entry of the United States into the war
was the great outstanding feature 01 »J- /.
The chances are that history will so record
it for it proved to be the decisive factor in
the struggle. Aside from that history will
note that the year 1917 marked the departure
of America from its traditional policy of po-
litical isolation from Europe. It will also
note that it was not a voluntary but a forced
departure, due to the. total disregard shown
by Germany for American rights on the seas.
Second in importance only to the entrance
of America into the war was the .revolution
in Russia. Some might even rank it first be-
cause of its unexpected and sensational fea-
tures. That the United States would eventu-
ally take a hand in the .struggle between au-
tocracy and democracy m Europ.e was more
or less of a foregone conclusion in 191b. but
that the czar of Russia should be deposed
•was not foreseen until Nicholas II. had actu-
ally lost his crown and was a prisoner.
Pro-German Greek King Ousted.
In glancing back over the developments in
1917 there are a number of other things that
stand out with some distinctness. One is the
forced abdication of the pro-German king or
Greece. Constantine. and the substitution in
his place of his son Alexander as nominal and
M. Venizelos as the virtual ruler of the na-
tion. Another is the capture of Jerusalem by
the British— an event not of great military im-
portance, perhaps, but of tremendous senti-
mental and moral significance. The taking of
Bagdad and a large portion of Mesopotamia by
the British, considered in connection with the
success of the Palestine campaign, was also
a matter of moment in that it vastly strength-
ened the position of the allies in the Moslem
world — a world in which the Germans were
ambitious to rule, and in which before the
war they were rapidly obtaining pre-eminence.
In December, 1916, Germany and her allies
made a peace offer without giving definite
terms, but referring in boastful language to
their victorious armies. That offer was re-
jected by the allies in January, 1917, with
emphasis.
Wilson's Peace Address.
President Wilson appeared before the senate
on the 22d of that month and made his fa-
nous "peace without victory" address, in
which he advocated a world league for peace.
His views were received sympathetically in
most quarters, though the allies pointed out
that no peace based on the condition of
things existing before the war could be dur-
able and that as matters stood it would be a
virtual victory for the Germanic alliance.
This address was the last effort made by
the president to bring peace to the world
without resorting to armed force. He could
see then that America was rapidly being-
forced into a position where no argument save
that of the sword would avail. It was also
the last appeal for peace made by any person
commanding respectful attention save that is-
sued by Pope Benedict XV. on Aug. 15, to
which President Wilson himself was obliged,
to reply firmly in the negative. He had then
come to the conclusion that no peace treaty
with the autocratic rulers of Germany would
be worth the paper it was written on and that
any peace to compensate for the huge price
paid by the democratic nations of the world
must be a peace based on victory over autoc-
racy.
German Peace Resolutions.
On July 19 the German reichstag adopted
resolutions in favor of peace on the basis of
mutual understanding and lasting reconciliation
among the nations. The resolutions sounded
well, but they were accompanied by expres-
sions indicating that Germany in this war was
the victim of aggression and that it approved
the acts of the government. They referred to
the "men who are defending the fatherland."
to the necessity of assuring the freedom of
the seas and to the impossibility of conquer-
ing a united German nation. The allies, which
with nearly al'l neutral nations were convinced
that the German government was the real
aggressor and that the freedom of the seas
had never been restricted except by Germany
herself, were not in a mood to accept this as
a serious move, toward peace. The resolutions
figured largely in German internal politics but
elsewhere they were without effect.
There were a number of peace conferences
in Stockholm, but as the parties concerned
were socialists of an extreme type and others
holding views usually classed as anarchistic
no serious attention was paid to them. The
"pacifists" in the allied and neutral countries
were more or less active, but received little
encouragement. Their arguments did not ap-
peal to thinking or patriotic people.
Within a week after President Wilson's
"peace without victory" speech before the
senate the German government replied to it by
announcing that beginning on Feb. 1 it would
carry on unrestricted submarine warfare in
certain extensive zones aiound the British
isles, France and Italy. It would, however,
graciously permit the United States to use a
narrow lane to Falmouth with one sailing a
week, provided the American ships were paint-
ed red and white and carried various sorts of
distinguishing marks.
Bernstorff Dismissed.
This program was, of course, in direct vio-
lation of all the promises made by Germany
to the United States and President Wilson
acted promptly. On Feb. 3 at a joint session
of the house and senate he announced that
Ambassador Bernstorff had been given his
passports and that all diplomatic relations
with the Teuton empire had been severed. Mr.
Wilson asked the co-operation of other neutral
nations in ending the submarine depredations,
but for various reasons none of them at that
time could see their way clear to do so. The
United States senate approved the action of
the president in breaking with Germany by a
vote of 78 to 5. The five voting in the nega-
tive were Kirby, Vardaman, Gronna, Works
and LaFollette.
On Feb. 26 the president appeared before
congress and asked for formal permission to
arm American merchantmen so that they
could protect themselves from attacks by sub-
marines. This permission was promptly grant-
ed by the house, which appropriated $100.-
'000.000 for the arming and insuring of Amer-
ican merchant ships. In the senate, however.
a similar measure was defeated by means of a
filibuster led by Robert M. LaFollette of Wis-
consin. This was made possible by the rules
of the senate, which did not provide for clo-
ture. Congress expired by limitation March 4,
but the senate was called into extra session
pnd within four days it adopted a cloture rule
acceptable to the president.
It may be said at this point that Senator
LaFollette's antiwar activities and especially
some of his utterances in public speeches out-
side the senate led to a demand for his ex-
pulsion from that body. An investigation was
ordered, but no action was ever taken.
ALMAKAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
599
Deeming1 himself authorized by existing: law
to arm merchantmen defensively. President
Wilson gave formal notice March 12 that
American ships traversing- the barred areas oi
the seas would carry armed guards for the
protection of the vessels and the lives of the
persons on board.
Ruthless "U" Boat War On.
In the meantime the German submarine com-
manders were doing their best to carry out
the policy of sinking- all ships found in the
barred zones without warning- and without
taking any steps to insure the safety of crews
or passengers. On March 18 it became known
that the American steamers City of Memphis,
Vigilancia and Illinois had been sunk in this
manner and that at least fifteen lives had been
lost. It was felt that action could no longer
be delayed and a special session of congress
was called for April 2. The national law-
makers assembled on that day and in the
evening President Wilson delivered a message
asking that war be declared against Germany.
In this message, which has become historic, he
said that armed neutrality had proved to be
impracticable and that in the end it would
draw the country into the war without its hav-
ing the status of a belligerent.
"With a profound sense of the solemn and
even tragical character of the step I am tak-
ing," he said, "and of the grave responsibility
which it involves, but in unhesitating obedi-
ence to what I deem my constitutional duty.
I advise that the congress declare the recent
course of the imperial German government to
be in fact nothing less than war against the
government and people of the United States;
that it formally accept the status of belligerr
ent which has thus been thrust upon it and
that it take immediate steps not only to put
the country in a more thorough state of de-
fense, but also to exert all its power and
employ all its resources to bring- the govern-
ment of the German empire to terms and end
the war."
Congress Votes War April 6.
Congress was overwhelmingly in favor of the
course advised by the president and on April
6 a joint resolution was adopted formally de-
claring the existence of a state of war be-
tween the United States of America and the
imperial German government. Only six sena-
tors and fifty representatives voted in the nega-
tive. After taking this momentous step con-
gress, urged by the president, passed measures
providing for the immediate creation of a
national army and the increase to war strength
of the national guard, the marine corps and
the navy. It passed laws against espionage,
trading with the enemy and the unlawful man-
ufacture and use of explosives in time of war.
It provided for the insurance of soldiers and
sailors, for priority of shipments, for the seiz-
ure and use of enemy ships in American har-
bors, for conserving and controlling the food
and fuel supply of the country, for stimulat-
ing agriculture, for increasing the signal corps
of the army, especially in the mptter of avia-
tion, for extending additional credit to foreign
governments, for issuing bonds and for pro-
viding additional revenues for war expenses
by increasing old and creating new taxes. e
War Budget Is $21,390,130,910.
Between April 2. the day when the extra
session began, and Oct. 6, the day it adjourned,
the 65th congress passed all these measures
and others of less importance. Altogether it
appropriated or authorized the expenditure of
$19.321. 225. 208.41. Including, the amount ap-
propriated at the second session of the 64th
congress the total reached the enormous sum
of $21.390.730.940.46. Most of the acts of
the new congress were accepted with approval
by the people of the country as a whole,
though objection was made to certain fea-
tures of the taxing policy, which wore deemed
by many to be unfair and confiscatory.
At the regular session of congress beginning
Dec. 3 President Wilson asked for a declara-
tion of war on Austria-Hungary, and this ac-
tion was taken. This was received with es-
pecial favor by Italy, which had been urging
the United States for some time to take the
step.
War to Victory, U. S. Slogan.
Once having- determined its course, the
United States bent all its energies toward
prosecuting the war to a successful conclu-
sion. Its first step was to increase its armed
strength by the creation of a new national
army through the selective draft system and
by securing as many volunteers as possible
for the national guard, the marine corps and
the navy. The enlistments were numerous,
but it was soon seen that without the select-
ive draft satisfactory results would not have
been achieved. To provide for officers for
the new army, which was capable of almost
indefinite expansion, training camps were es-
tablished in various parts of the country. The
course was about three months and as two
series of these training schools were held thou-
sands of promising officers were turned out.
Men between the ages of 21 and 30 inclu-
sive registered June 5 under the act of May
18 providing for the temporary increase, of
the military establishment of the United
States. The total number thus inscribed was
9,683,445. The Quota of men to be supplied
by each state and territory was determined
according to its population. The total number
to be summoned on the first call was fixed
at 687,000. The official drawing of numbers
took place in Washington July 20. The men
whose numbers brought them within those
subject to the first call were then summoned,
examined and either accepted or rejected.
Training a Great Army.
In the meantime sixteen great cantonments
had been constructed at convenient points .in
the country and on Sept. 5 the first contin-
gents of the new troops were sent to them to
begin training. Soon thereafter half a mil-
lion men or more were in these camps and
in spite of some drawbacks, such as lack ol
sufficient guns and other equipment, rapid
progress was made in making soldiers out
of them. Only a few companies of men
having special technical qualifications were
sent from the national army to join the Amer-
ican expeditionary force in France in 1917.
Mobilization camps were established for the
national guard in the south, and there, with
the exception of those sent to France, they
underwent intensive training1. The guardsmen
had much to do early in the spring and sum-
mer in the way of guarding1 bridges, canals,
tunnels and other points where German plot-,
ters could work mischief. They did excellent
work and were highly commended by the au-
thorities. The naval training stations and the
regular army mobilization camps were also
the scene of great and continued activity. The
middle west was an especially fruitful field in
producing candidates for the navy and the
marine corps. The mobilization of the na-
tional guard by President Wilson was pro-
claimed July 9.
Great activity was also shown in building
up the aviation service of the country. Con-
gress made liberal provision for the manufac-
ture of airplanes and the training of avi-
ators. The invention of the Liberty motor
was hailed as a distinct triumph in the field
of aviation. This mptor, or one similar to it.
was adapted for use in the trucks with which
the army was supplied. Many college and uni-
versity men entered the aviation service.
Hoover as Food Administrator.
But increasing the military strenprt,h of the
country was only one step, though a most
important one. The conservation of the coun-
try's material resources, especially its food
and fuel, 'and their proper distribution, was
another step. Congress supplied the needed
Iporislntion and President Wilson provided the
administrative machinery. He appointed Her-
bert C. Hoover as food administrator Aug. 19
nnd on Aug. 23 Dr. Harry A. Garfield was an-
pointed fuel administrator. The food admin-
600
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
istration was throughout the year extremely
active in impressing; upon the people the ne-
cessity of economy in the preparation and use
of foods. To save wheat and meat for the
allies wheatless and meatless days were estab-
lished in homes, hotels and restaurants, with
excellent results. The whole country was
placarded with cards and .posters proclaiming
the value of food economy as a factor in win-
ning' the war.
Through the council of national defense, its
advisory commission and its numerous com-
mittees an immense amount of work was done
in classifying: and making- available the coun-
try's resources for defense and war. It was
especially active in providing and standardiz-
ing munitions, in the purchase of army sup-
plies, in stimulating inventions and research
and in co-ordinating the work of the states and
departments. It enlisted women in the cause
of national defense, and in every way pro-
moted the objects for which it was created.
Some of the leading business and professional
men of the country devoted all their time and
energy, without cost to the government, to the
national cause.
Creation of the Shipping Board.
To counteract the ravages of the submarine
warfare the United States undertook to pro-
vide enough merchant tonnage to supply the
transportation needs of the allies as well as
of the United States. This was to be ac-
complished through the agency of a shipping
board created by the act of Sept. 7, 1916.
Maj.-Gen. George W. Goethals. the builder of
the Panama canal, was made manager of the
construction department and William Denman
chairman of the board. Unfortunately irrec-
oncilable differences of opinion arose between
them as to the policy of building1 steel or
wooden ships, and the result was that in July
President Wilson accepted the resignations of
both men. Edward N. Hurley became chair-
man, Charles Piez manager ol the Emergency
Fleet corporation and Edward F. Carry the
director of the department ol operations.
Issues of Liberty Bonds.
To meet in part the tremendous expense in-
volved in creating an adequate army and navy,
in carrying: on the war and in making loan's
to the allies the secretary of the treasury
issued bonds, the first series bearing interest
at the rate ol 3% per cent and the second
series 4 per cent. The loans were known
as "liberty loans" and the bonds as "liberty
bonds." The first bonds were offered May 2
and the second series Oct. 1. The allotments
were $2.000,000.000 and $3,000,000.000 re-
epectively. The subscriptions for the 3% per
cent bonds amounted to $3.035.226.850 and
those for the 4 per cent bonds to $4,617,532,-
800. The secretary ol the treasury, however,
accepted only 50 per cent ol the oversubscrip-
tion on 4 per cents, bringing the total to
$3.808.766.150.
Besides being called upon for subscriptions
to bonds the people of the country were asked
to contribute to the American Red Cross, the
Young Men's Christian asspeiation, the Knights
ol Columbus, the Salvation Army and vari-
ous other agencies doing- relief work in Europe
and America or providing comforts lor the
soldiers at the training camps and in the field
in France. To the Red Cross more than
$100.000.000 was given in May and June and
additional millions in December. In Novem-
ber $35.000.000 was raised in a week lor the
Y. M. C. A. fund. All the agencies named
were active. The Red Cross, alter creation by
President Wilson of a war council under the
chairmanship of Henry P. Davison, was
especially active in France. Italy and Russia
and brought reliei to unnumbered thousands.
Work of the Navy.
When America entered the war the United
States navy became active. Its operations
were veiled in more or less secrecy, but it was
known that it relieved the other allies of pa-
trolling1 the greater part ol the seas outside
the submarine area and that within that area
it had a fleet of destroyers under cpmmand ol
Vice-Admiral William S. Sims chasing subma-
rines— and destroying some oi them — and acting
as convoys to troopships and merchantmen.
In this duty it met with some losses. The de-
stroyer Cassin was torpedoed Oct. 16. one man
being- killed and five wounded, but was not
sunk. The patrol boat Alcedo was sunk Nov. 6
with the loss ol twenty-one lives. The de-
stroyer Jacob Jones was torpedoed and sunk
Dec. 6, with a loss ol sixty-lour lives. The
destroyer Chauncey was sunk in a; collision
Nov. 19 and a score ol men were drowned.
The transport Antilles was sunk Oct. 17 when
it was homeward bound, and seventy lives
were lost. The transport Finland was tor-
pedoed Oct. 28, but not sunk, though nine
lives were lost, due to a panic on board the
ship.
The Expeditionary Force.
It was announced May 14 that an expedi-
tionary lorce of about one division ol regulars
under command ol Maj.-Gen. John J. Pershing:
would be sent to France. Gen. Pershing had
become well known in connection with the ex-
pedition to Mexico and the choice was a popu-
lar one. He arrived in England June 8 and
in France June 13. The first contingent of
troops reached France June 27 and the second
contingent a little later. It afterward became
known that the departure of the troops had
been communicated to Germany and subma-
rines were lying in wait for the transports.
Only the vigilance ol the American destroyers
convoying- the transports prevented the sinking
of one or more of them with heavy loss ol
lile. The first arrivals in France were at
once given intensive training in the methods ol
modern warfare, their teachers being veteran
French officers and troops. Their numbers
were augmented from time to time until all
branches ol the service were represented. The
commander ol the American lorces in France
was raised to the lull rank ol general by act
ol congress.
First American Army Casualties.
To grive the troops actual experience in
trench fighting; a number ol them, including
artillery and inlantry. were sent into a part
ol the line held by the French. Here the
first casualties occurred. On Nov. 3 a Ger-
man raiding party attacked a trench occupied
by the Americans, killing three, wounding-
five and taken eleven prisoners. A number
ol other men were killed or wounded by shell
fire. What casualties the Germans suffered
was not learned, as they were able to carry
off their dead and wounded.
While American sailors and soldiers were
lacing the enemy on sea and on land the peo-
ple at home were menaced in various ways
by German plotters. Some of these were
alien enemies and others citizens of the United
States ol German birth or descent. To re-
count all the acts ol violence committed and
attempted would require much more space
than is here available. They were mainly in
the direction ot destroying munition plants,
bridges, lood depots, ships and everything of
military value. Hundreds of lives were lost
tljroug-h explosions undoubtedly caused by per-
sons acting for' Germany either officially or of
their own accord. Even Ambassador Berns-
torff himself was concerned in some of these
plots involving bribery and violence. Other
plots' took the form ol pacifist propaganda,
lies about the liberty bonds and the Red
Cross work, strikes and general obstruction to
the government's war work. In this campaign
the German agents were assisted by the ma-
jority ol the socialists and by the notorious
Industrial Workers ol the World, many ol
whose leaders were arrested Sept. 5 in various
parts ol the United States.
Zimmermann and Luxburg.
In connection with the underground work of
the German government the most sensational
disclosures were made by the state department.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
601
Everything1 made public was capable of docu-
mentary proof and the enemies of the United
States soon learned that it was inadvisable to
deny anything coming' from this source. The
revelation Feb. 28 of the attempt by the Ger-
man foreign secretary. Dr. Alfred Zimmermann.
to cause Mexico and Japan to make war on
the United States helped materially to bring1
about the break in the relations between this
country and Germany. Another revelation
which aroused worldwide interest was the pub-
lication of the famous Luxburg cables from
Buenos Aires to the Berlin foreign office ad-
vising- that Argentine ships be sunk without
trace ("spurlos versenkt") and speaking- of the
acting- minister of foreign affairs in the re-
public as a "notorious ass and Anglophile."
Because of plpttings similar to those re-
counted., but chiefly because of the leeling
of animosity aroused by Germany's con-
tinued violation of international law and the
laws of humanity through her submarine
campaign, the following- nations in 1917 fol-
lowed the example of the United Stateq in
formally declaring- war on Germany: Cuba.
Panama, Brazil. Greece, Siam. Liberia and
China. In addition the following- severed
diplomatic relations with Germany: Bolivia.
Guatemala. Honduras. Nicaragua. Haiti. Costa
Rica. Peru and Uruguay. Thus at the end of
the year nineteen countries with a combined
population of nearly 1,300.000.000 were ar-
rayed ag-ainst Germany, Austria-Hungary, Tur-
key and Bulg-aria, with a population of a lit-
tle more than 142,000,000.
The Russian Revolution
.With regard to the upheaval in Russia the
facts are briefly these: The duma was dis-
solved by the czar March 11. but on the fol-
lowing- day it declared that the g-ovcrnment
had been overthrown and that a new demo-
cratic g-overnment was in process of forma-
tion. In the town of Pskoff on March, 15
Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate and was
imprisoned in his palace at Tsarskoe-Selo.
Later he was sent to Tobolsk. The new gov-
ernment at first was in the hinds of puch
well known men as Michael V. Rodzianko.
Prince Georg-e E. Lvoff and Prof. Paul N.
Milyoukov. It soon developed, however, that
the more radical elements of tne revolutionists
were in control of the army and the working-
classes in the cities and that these were de-
termined to quit the war and make peace ac-
cording- to their formula of "no annexations
and no indemnities."
Because the new g-overnment did not stick
close enough to this formula, but preferred
to keep faith with the allies by refusing- to
make a separate peace, it was compelled in
May to give way to a new ministry, in which
Alexander Kerensky, a socialist, was the rul-
ing- spirit. Recognizing- the difficulties the
Russian democracy had to deal with, the
United States sent several important missions
to Petrograd to give such assistance as might
be deemed possible. One of a political na-
ture was headed by Former Senator Elihu
Root: another was an engineering commis-
sion led by John F. Stevens and a third was
a Red Cross mission led by Dr. Frank Bil-
lings of Chicaro.
On July 20 Kerensky became premier and
in spite of increasing- insubordination in the
army continued in the saddle for some weeks.
One of the incidents of his career as the
head of the state was the proclamation on
Sept. 14 of Russia as* a republic. Kerensky,
however, was not radical enough for the ex-
tremists and on Nov. 7 he was deposed by
a counter-revolution led by Leon Trotzky
and Nikolai Lenin. Later Lenin was made
premier and Trobzky foreign minister and they
promptly made overtures to Germany for an
armistice. This was granted and peace nego-
tions were under way in December. TV>O
country was in a state of anarchy, with
Finland, the Ukraine. Siberia and other dis-
tricts proclaiming their independence and with
the Cossacks fightine- the bolsheviki, as the
ruling- extremists called themselves. A con-
stituent assembly was elected Nov. 24-20, but
the bolsheviki, fearing that they could not
control it, threatened forcibly to prevent its
holding- a session.
Constantino Deposed.
Constantino I., king of Greece, was deposed
by the protecting powers — France, Great
Britain and Russia— June 12 and his place on
the throne was given to his second son.
Prince Alexander. The provisional govern-
ment led by Eleutherips Venizelos was merged
•sith the new administration in Athens and
war was formally declared on the Teutonic
powers and their allies. Constantino, it was
shown, had contemplated attacking the allies
in Macedonia from the rear and it was ap-
parent that his removal from authority came
none too soon.
Many Submarines Sunk.
In their ruthless submarine warfare the
Germans had less success than had been pre-
dicted by them. The sinkings of merchant
vessels were serious enough and for a time
constituted a menace to the food and other
importations of Britain, but after the United
States entered the war and sent its fleet of
destroyers and submarine chasers across the
Atlantic for patrol work the danger gradu-
ally lessened. Many submarines were sunk
in the course of the year and their operations
were gradually restricted until it was felt
that there was no longer any danger that they
would become a decisive factor in the war.
Naturally the British were the heaviest los-
ers in this species of warfare, but other na-
tions suffered severely, especially seafaring
Norway, which thus lost about one-third of
her vessels and some 700 sailors murdered.
Some of the actions of the German submarines
and raiders were so atrocious as to arouse the
resentment of the nation to the verge of war
even in the face of tremendous odds.
. No naval battles of importance were fought
in 1917. All the engagements were between
destroyers and other light craft.
Germany continued to send air raiders
across to Britain to bombard the coast towns
and interior cities, including London. No ap-
preciable military losses were caused, but many
innocent lives were taken. The announced
purpose of the British to retaliate in kind
was generally approved, it being felt that
Germany must be given a dose of her own
medicine.
Events on the "Fighting Fronts.
On the furhtinsr fronts in Europe, Asia and
Africa the developments in the course of the
year were numerous and important. Beginning-
with Africa, it may be noted that the last
vestige of German authority on that conti-
nent was extinguished by the forces under
Gen. Vandeventer, when on Dec. 1 they had
cleared East Africa of the enemy. Germany
at the present moment has not a single colony
left in the world.
In Mesopotamia the British under Gen.
Frederick Stanley Maude recaptured Kut-el-
Amara toward the end of February and on
March 11 entered the city of Bagdad, which
tiad been the goal of Gen. Townshend's ill
fated expedition the previous year. They
drove the Turks far beyond that city and
loined hands with the Russians who had come
down through Persia. Gen. Maude died Nov.
t
Capture of Jerusalem.
British forces from Egypt carried on a suc-
cessful campaign against the Turks and Ger-
mans in Palestine. In January they routed the
enemy troops at Rafa and on March 26 in-
flicted a severe defeat on them in the vicinity
of Gaza. Under the able leadership of Gen.
E. H. Allenby the British pressed on toward
the north, taking Beersheba Oct. 31, Gaza
Nov. 7, Jaffa Nov. 17 and Jerusalem Dec.
LI, On Christmas day it was announced that
Bethlehem had also been taken by the British.
This successful campaign in Palestine appealed
strongly to the entire Christian world.
eo;;
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Austrian Invasion of Italy.
On the Italian front there were two swift
changes in the course OJ: .the year. In May
and again in August Gen. Cadorna inflicted
severe defeats on the Austrians on the Carso
and Bainsizza plateaus. Then in October
heavy Austrian and German forces under the
leadership of Field Marshal von Mackensen at-
tacked the northern part of the Isonzo line
and, aided by the treacherous weakening1 of
certain Italian troops at Caporetto, drove Gen.
Cadorna's forces first to the line of the Taglia-
mento and then to the line of the Piave.
Here the Italians made a stand and were able
to hold back the enemy in the face of the
most furious attacks, especially in the moun-
tainous region toward the northwest, where
the Austrian forces made desperate efforts to
force their way down to the plains and turn
the left flank of the Italian line. The Italians
lost heavily in men and materiel during the
retreat, but the forces were reorganized and
re-enforced by French and British infantry
and artillery.
On the east front the Russians made their
last advance July 1 when in eastern Galicia
they captured Brezezany. Halicz and other
places with some 30,000 prisoners. After
that the Russian armies refused to obey their
commanders and it was as easy matter for the
Germans to recover the lost ground and ad-
vance still farther. In the early part of Sep-
tember the Germans crossed the Dvina river
and Rig-a soon fell into their hands, together
with certain islands in the Baltic. Then came
the truce and the peace negotiations.
In Macedonia little was accomplished by the
allies. Gen. Sarrail. the commander in chief,
was .recalled in December.
Fierce Struggles on West Front.
Fierce and bloody fighting continued on the
western front throughout the greater part of
the year. The advantage in the main was
with the British and the French, who main-
tained the initiative and delivered many tell-
ing blows. The Germans were not able to
do much in the way of retaliation, though
they won a measure of success against the
British at the extreme northern end of the
line in Belgium and on Nov. 30 at Cambrai.
On the other hand the British won notable
victories in the vicinity of liens. Arras and
along the Ypres-Menin road. One of the
notable features of the fighting1 was the cap-
ture by Canadian troops of Vimy ridge in
April. Gen. Sir Julian Byng won a brilliant
victory by a surprise attack in the Cambrai
sector Nov. 20-22. He took a considerable
area of fortified territory and about 10,000
prisoners, but the effect of the triumph was
offset to some extent by the successful coun-
terattack made 'by the Germans a few days
later. The French also carried out a number
of successful offensives. On April 16 they
took the German fi'-st and second lines on a
twenty-five mile front in the Soissons-Reims
sector and captured 20,000 Germans, together
with about seventy-five heavy guns. On May
4 they captured Craonne and the adjacent ter-
ritory. They fought successfully along the
Chemin des Dames, on the Californie plateau,
at Cerny and many other places. All the ef-
forts of the German crown prince to advance
in the Verdun sector proved costly failures,
On Oct. 23 the French smashed through the
German lines north of the Aisne to a depth
of more than two miles, taking the strong-
holds of Allemant, Vaudesson, Malmaison fort
and Chqvignon.
In the air the year was one of increased
•activity. Numberless raids were made on all
the fronts and it became increasingly apparent
that to be successful modern armies must be
eupplemented by large aerial forces.
Foreign Missions to America.
Groat Britain, France. Italy, Belgium. R\is-
sia, Japan. Roumania. Serbia and other coun-
tries sent some of their distinguished men to
the United States on military and political
missions. Some of them after completing
their work in Washington made extended
tours through the country. Great Britain
sent Arthur James Balfour, its foreign minis-
ter, and Lord Cunliffe. governor of tne Bank
of England. France was represented by Rene
Viviani, minister of justice, and Gen. Joffre,
military adviser of the French government.
Italy had as the head of its mission Prince
Ferdinando di Savoja of Udine. Russia sent
Boris A. Bakhmetieff, Belgium Baron Ludovic
Moncheur, Roumania Count Vassile Stoica,
Norway Dr. Fridtjof Nansen and Japan Baron
Ishn. Some of the leaders of these missions
gave addresses before the houses of congress
and laid wreaths on the tomb of Washing-
ton at Mount Vcrnon.
1018.
When the year 1918 opened the attention of
the world was chiefly directed toward the ne-
gotiations in progress between Germany and
the bolshevik extremists in Russia led by
Lenin and Trotzky.
\
NOKOLAI LENIN.
I nlerwood & Underwood.
LEON TROTZKY,
The parleys were held at Brest-Litovsk, be-
ginning Dec. 22, 1917, and ended March 3.
1918, when the Russian delegation signed a
peace treaty, the terms of which were essen-
tially in violation of all they had contended
for and virtually dispossessed Russia of some
of her richest provinces.
Tha bolshevik leaders made a curious at-
tempt to end the war without any formal
peace pact, but they were quickly brought to
their senses when the German army resumed
operations and captured Dvinsk, Lutsk and
other cities and even threatened Petrograd to
such an extent that it was abandoned as the
seat of government in favor of Moscow, where
the central soviet, or executive body of the
soldiers, peasants and workmen, have since had
their headquarters. The bolsheviki wore
greatly chagrined at the outcome of the peace
negotiations, but at a congress of Soviets held
in Moscow March 14-16 last the terms of the
peace imposed by the Germans were finally
ratified. President Wilson sent to this gath-
ering a message of sympathy because of the
check suffered by Russia in her struggle fo_-
freedom. To this message the soviet re-
turned a somewhat cool expression of appre-
ciation.
Since the peace treaty was signed Russia
has been in a most deplorable state. The
Ukraine, one of the richest grain districts of
the former empire, was the first to break
away, declaring its independence and entering
into a separate peace treaty with the central
powers. Finland became the scene of civil
war between the "red guards" representing the
Russian bolshevik government and the "white
guards," organized by the Finlanders with the
help of Germany. In the end the white
guards triumphed and a Finnish government
absolutely under the control of Germany was
established in Helsingfors. The landed pro-
prietors sent agents to Berlin nnd entered into
a secret agreement by which the country was
to be turned into a kingdom with a German
prince on the throne. Germany's coIlaptM i"
November nut an end to this scheme as well
as many others.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
603
Siberia Forsakes Bolsheviki.
Siberia also broke away from the bolsheviki
and set up an independent government which
is now seeking1 to establish its control with
allied and other aid. Other provinces also
declared their independence. In the mean-
time famine and pestilence have been raging
in many localities, while anarchy has reigned
virtually everywhere. The whole of the im-
mense Russian army, obsessed with the idea ol
a peace without annexations or indemnities
and the self-determination of the rights of
peoples, melted away and left nothing: to
take its place except such small bodies of in-
•efficient and undisciplined troops as the so-
yiets were able to maintain. This, of course,
liberated millions of German and Austro-
Hungarian soldiers for service on the Italian
and French fronts where before this the
strength of the opposing- armies had been
nearly equal.
Roumania. it may be noted in this connec-
tion, kept up the figrht ag-ainst the central
powers as long1 as she had support from Rus-
sia, but when the latter made peace it was
no longer possible to continue the struggle.
On May 6 she signed a treaty of peace by
"which she lost the province of the Dobrogea
and also control over her fine oil fields which
under a long- time lease were to be exploited
by a German concern. Her western frontiers
were "rectified" and she was oblig-ed to sub-
mit to numerous economic restrictions. Thus
Roumania, as well as Russia, was lost to the
allies.
It having1 become apparent even before the
close of the third year of the war that Rus-
sia could no longer be counted upon for sup-
port, the allies began preparations to meet,
especially on the western front, the attack of
the German armies soon to be immensely
strengthened by forces released from the east-
ern front. All eyes were turned to America,
for France. England and Italy had reached or
almost reached the limit of their man power.
America to the Rescue.
America responded quickly with men, money
and materiel. The training of national army
men. national guards and officers in the nu-
merous cantonments was intensified and hur-
ried and as fast as the men were brought into
condition they were shipped to France. At
first much of the space on the transports
was devoted to supplies and materials for the
camps and depots in France, but lis the
situation became critical owing to successful
enemy offensives in Italy and France fewer
supplies and more men were sent. The num-
ber of transports was largely increased, with
the result that each month, with one excep-
tion, showed a decided improvement in the
movement of troops.
The troop movement record, in view of the
danger from submarines, was a wonderful
one and by November there were more than
•2.000,000 American troops in France, England
and Italy. This immense number of men was
carried over without the loss of a single
east bound American transport. The only dis-
asters were those which occurred to the Brit-
ish transports Tuscania and Otranto, with the
loss of several hundred American soldiers.
While soldiers were being- sent across the
seas at a rapid rate the assembling- and train-
ing- of new men at home was continued with
accelerated speed. There were new registra-
tions for the selective draft, the idea of the
war department being to have more than
4.000.000 men in Europe by the summer of
1919. when it was thought Germany might
finally be conquered.
The number of warshins in commission was
largely increased, especially in the matter of
destroyers, submarine chasers and lighter craft.
Next in importance to the increase of the
army and the navy was building- of merchant
vessels to offset the ravaerps of the submarine
warfare. The shipping- board was reorganized
and galvanized into a high state of efficiency.
Under the leadership of Charles M. Schwab,
director-general of the Emors-ency Fleet cor-
poration, and Edward N. Hurley, chairman of
the board, -the work in the shipyards on the
Atlantic and Pacific coaht.s and on the gieat
lakes was speeded up until ships were being
built at the rate of 5,000,000 tons a year. In
the first three weeks of July twenty-three
ships of 122,771 dead weight tons were com-
pleted, making a total of 223 new vessels
built under the direction of the board, the
aggregate tonnage being- 1,415,022 tons. On
July 4 alone eighty-two vessels were launched.
1 his sneed was maintained and even exceeded
until the signing of the armistice, when the
need for haste became less urgent.
This with the increased tonnage put out
by the British, French and Italian shipyards,
to say nothing- of the output of neutral coun-
tries friendly to the allies, practically put an
f?^t *? Othe submarine peril. In addition the
United States requisitioned seventy-seven Dutch
^fntJf1^ »an agerreg-ate tonnage of about
bOO.OOO. Arrangements were made with
Sweden for about 400,000 tons and contracts
w,elf let |or the .buildinsr of a considerable
number of ships in Japanese yards.
In the matter of building fighting airplanes
and heavy ordnance there was some delay
owing partly to experimental work and part-
erhaps to mismanagement in certain
quarters, but better progress was made later.
A lap number of fighting planes was shipped
to x^urope.
Food Economy Aids Allies.
With fairly good harvests in 1917, with the
practice of economy in the consumption of
wheat flour and meats in accordance with the
recommendations of the food administration
^oY1!" lncreased shipping facilities the Unit-
ed States was enabled not only to feed its
own soldiers and sailors well, but to help out
Britain. France and Italy to such an extent
that they were relieved of the fear of star-
vation and want. The American record in this
respect won many expressions of gratitude and
admiration from the allies.
_ Prices of food and clothing and commodities
in general advanced, but so did wages and
there was no acute suffering on account of
war conditions on this side of the Atlantic.
-Lne administration took many steps to relieve
the situation, such as fixing the prices of cer-
tain important articles like wheat, regulating-
exports and imports, taking over the main
railroad lines and settling labor controversies
ithout the intervention of disastrous strikes.
The taking over of the railroad lines was
.. -m°s* radical steps taken by the
\_ • , "" i"i *f**wson*f auu oilier serious evils
which could be obviated by unified manage-
ment and control. The express companies
were also brought under one management.
.Later, because of the threat of a strike
>y operators, congress passed a resolution au-
thorizing the president to take over the tele-
graph, cable and telephone systems of the
country and this was done. These arrang-e-
ments, like many others, are for the duration
of the war.
In January a national war labor board was
created for the purpose of furnishing an ade-
auate. and stable supply of labor to war in-
dustries, and in March a war industries board
was appointed for the purpose, among others,
of creating; new facilities and improving pres-
ent facilities for the production of military
materiel and for making purchases for the
allies.
Coal Shortage.
Owing1 to transportation difficulties and also
to the exceptionally severe character of the
winter, the coal situation became acute, and
on Jan. 16 the United States fuel adminis-
tration issued an order restricting the con-
sumption of coal to certain industries and
setting- aside specified days on which no coal
should be used. The head of the fuel ad-
ministration. Dr. Harry A. Garfield. was criti-
cized for some features of this order as un-
necessarily drastic, but he defended the step
as a war measure. Afterward the country
604
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
was divided into zones and the source of sup-
ply lor each, was designated.
In times of peace the government spent less
than $1.000,000.000 a year: in 1918 the out-
lay by midyear was at the rate of $50.000,000
a day. The actual outlay for the fiscal year
ending- June 30. 1918. was more than $12.-
600.000.000. The United States before the
end of the war had loaned to the allies more
than $8.000,000.000. Two more liberty loans
were issued by the government in 1918 — one
for $3.000,000.000 and one for $6,000.000.-
000. In both eases the amounts were largely
oversubscribed.
To meet the heavy expenditures of the gov-
ernment President Wilson in a speech deliv-
ered before congress on May 27 asked for
new tax legislation, and a committee of the
house started framing1 a revenue law designed
to bring in $8,000,000,000 through taxation.
That was the figure suggested by Secretary
of the Treasury McAdoo, who estimated that
the expenditures during- the present fiscal year
•will amount to $24,000,000,000.
Besides buying war bonds the people of
the United States in May contributed con-
siderably more than. $100,000.000 to the
American Red Cross war fund. They also
subscribed heavily to the Young Men's Chris-
tian association fund, to the Knights of Co-
lumbus, the Salvation Army and to number-
less other organizations of a similar charac-
ter. It was a year of generous giving-.
New Laws by Congress.
Congress was engaged almost solely in war
legislation. Here are a few of the measures
enacted into law: Extending protection to the
civil rights of members of the military and
naval establishments; providing for the oper-
ation of transportation systems while under
federal control; providing credits for industries
and enterprises in the United States necessary
to the prosecution of the war: authorizing- the
issue of additional bonds: to conserve the grold
supply of the United States and to stabilize
the price and encourage the production of
silver: amending the espionage act; authoriz-
ing the president to provide housing for war
needs: authorizing the president to consolidate
executive bureaus and offices: providing for
vocational rehabilitation of disabled soldiers
and sailors; making appropriations amounting
to billions of dollars for the army and navy
and other departments of the government. In
the main these and other war measures were
passed without division on party lines.
In the course of the year President Wilson
made a number of notable addresses, all at-
tracting worldwide attention. The peace dis-
gussion in' which he. David Lloyd George,
hancellor Count von Hertling, Count Czernin,
Richard von Kuehlmann and others of lesser
note engaged, drew from him a speech before
congress on Jan. 8, in which he demanded the
righting of the Alsace wrong, the liberation
of Poland, the evacuation of all Belgian and
Russian territory and a readjustment of the
frontiers of Italy. These and other terms
were laid down in brief and remarkably busi-
nesslike utterances. Chancellor von Hertling in
reply rattled the German sword, but Count
Czernin, the Austro-Hung-arian foreign minis-
ter, replied in more conciliatory language.
Four Basic Peace Principles.
On Feb. 11 President Wilson again ad-
dressed congress, and laid down four basic
principles as essential to a just and lasting
peace. These were: The final settlement must
be just: peoples and countries must not be
bartered about by the powers like chattels;
territorial settlements must be for the benefit
of the peoples concerned, and all well defined
national aspirations should be granted so far
as might be consistent with future peace.
These principles were indorsed by the allies,
Lut not by the central powers.
Previously to this the president had replied
to Pope Benedict, who on Aug. 13. 1917.
appealed to the belligerents to negotiate for
peace on the basis oi the restoration of
Belgium and Serbia and the return of the
German colonies, that the German government
as constituted could not be trusted and the
United States would only negotiate with per-
sons more truly representative of the German
people. Pope Benedict made another appeal
for peace at Easter. 1918. but without effect
on the belligerents.
President Wilson's other addresses were:
Feb. 6. asking congress for more power in
directing war operations: April 6, in Balti-
more, on first anniversary of America's en-
trance into the war; May 18, in New York
city, opening the Red Cross fund campaign:
cu July 4, to diplomats and foreign born at
Mount Vernon: and on Labor day, Sept. 2.
In most of these he reiterated in eloquent
language the war aims of the United States.
Nations declaring war in 1918 were: Guate-
mala against Germany, April 21: Nicaragua
against Germany, May 7: Costa Rica against
Germany and Austria-Hungary, May 24; Haiti
against Germany. July 15: Honduras against
Germany, July 19.
Until March, 1918, the American troops in
France saw little actual warfare, though a
number of them were under fire while get-
ing the finishing touches of their training in
the front trenches. On Jan. 21 Americans
took informal charge of a sector of the French
front near Toul. Minor encounters occurred
Jan. 30 and Feb. 4, the latter on a Lorraine
sector which the Americans were holding,
several casualties being suffered. Other sim-
ilar affairs took place from time to time.
On Feb. 26 five Americans were killed and
100 or more disabled by a gas attack. On
March 1 in the Toul sector they repulsed a
heavy German raid, killing many. On March
6 it was announced that the Americans were
holding an eight mile front in France alone.
Secretary of War Newton D. Baker arrived
in France March 10 and inspected the Amer-
ican forces in France. He also visited Eng-
land and Italy, conferring with the authori-
ties there, and returned home April 16. The
result of his trip and the beginning of the
great German offensive March 21 was a tre-
mendous increase in the military activities of
the United States, particularly in rushing-
troops to Europe.
German Offensive in March.
On March 21 the Germans attacked along
the British front from the Oise to the Scarpe.
a distance of fifty miles, and drove Gen. Haig's
troops back for twenty miles or more, cap-
turing Chauny, Ham, Peronne, Bapaume,
Nesle, Roye and many other places. The
French were also driven back and lost Mont-
didier. Noyon and other towns. The Germans
attempted by driving toward Amiens to sep-
arate the French and British armies, intend-
ing to roll UP each in turn, but after some
victories in Flanders and on the French front
they were finally stopped. They had advanced
some thirty-five miles and retaken the greater
part of the ground abandoned in the Hinden-
burg retreat. The allies lost heavily in killed,
wounded and prisoners, but the Germans, be-
ing the aggressors, lost still more men. This
was especially true in the battle of Ypres on
April 9 when they were defeated by the Brit-
ish and French.
On March 28, in the height of the great
battle, the allies came to an agreement to
place all their forces from the Arctic ocean
to the Mediterranean under one supreme com-
mand. • The man chosen was Gen. Foch. a
leading French strategist. On March 29 Gen.
Pershing placed all of the American forces
at Gen. Foch's disposal and the offer was a 3-
cepted. On the following day the American
troops not already at the front began their
march to take part in the battle. Since then
they have been brigaded with the French and
British all the way 'from the North sea to
Switzerland.
On April 8 the Germans bepran a new offen-
sive on the whole British front and won a
number of victories in the La Bassee canal
region and elsewhere, forcing the defenders
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
605
tc evacuate Armentieres and pushing them
back to the line of Wytschaete, Messines ridge
and Ploegsteert. They also attacked the
French lines. By April 19 the Germans had
taken Merris. Neuve Eglise, Bailleul, Wulver-
giiem, Wytschaete, Poelcapelle. Passchendaele
and Langemark and part of Messines ridge.
Review of Great Battle.
In an illuminating cable message on April
21. sent by Paul Sc«tt Mowrer, staff corre-
spondent of The Daily N.ews with the French
armies, he said:
"Exactly a month ago to-day the world's
greatest battle began. What has happened
in this month?
"The history of such vast and complicated
events never can be written until long after-
ward. Not only are all the facts not yet
collated, but many facts cannot yet be re-
vealed because they would be useful to the
enemy, who is much worried at present be-
cause he cannot discover whether the French
army is still practically intact. Nevertheless.
I will attempt in this dispatch to give a more
detailed account of the month's developments
than any other hitherto published.
"This account is in no way based on official
reports, to wjiich. indeed, I have not had ac-
cess, but merely upon personal observations
and opinions and to some extent upon the
collation of miscellaneous information which
has already been published.
"I shall not dwell upon the picturesque
side of the battle: neither upon the myriad
acts of individual heroism, nor upon the
skill and devotion of the French and British
armies as a whole. I shall confine myself to
stating what I conceive to be the broad out-
lines of the battle. For clearness I shall num-
ber the headings from 1 to 9.
German Preparations for Blow.
"1. German Preparations — Having- definitely
settled the Russian situation, the German
great general staff with the kaiser's consent
decided in February to make a final effort to
win a complete victory over the allies by
vanquishing Britain and France before the
United States coxild transport a decishte num-
ber of fighting men to Europe. The front to
be attacked was chosen and the date set for
March 21. The preliminary preparations had
already been made. All that remained was
to concentrate troops and materiel.
"This concentration was effected with the
greatest secrecy. The troop trains were un-
lighted and ran only by night. Subdivisions
•while on tho way were kept under shelter
and oat of sight in the daytime.
Two Hundred Divisions Gathered.
"Little by little about 200 divisions were
gathered in France. Half of them, being
destined to take part in the coming battle,
were assembled in reasonable proximity to the
British front. Not only were the divisions
all raised to full strength, newly equipped and
re-enforced with varioxis kinds of specialists,
but every possible contingency was foreseen
and materiel provided accordingly. The troops
were excited to a high pitch of enthusiasm
and the greatest confidence prevailed.
Preparations by the Allies.
"2. In the expectation of a big German of-
fensive the allies took important measures.
The British took over the section of the
French front between St. Quentin and Chauny
in order to free more French divisions for
maneuvering purposes. The question of a
unified command was agitated but resulted
in a compromise, namely, the creation of the
Versailles council, which was to hold all the
allied general reserves at its disposition. These
general reserves were estimated by the Ger-
mans at forty-five French divisions and fifteen
British. The allied reserves were carefully
distributed at strategic points.
"I am not conversant with what took place
behind the British lines, but behind the French
there was a vast amount of labor, the digging
of position behind position with trenches and
barbed wire complete to a depth of many
kilometers.
Aimed to Split Allies' Lines.
"3. The German Plan — The Germans' concep-
tion was Napoleonic. They designed to break
the French and British armies apart at the
point of junction, then crush the British army
by turning- its right while leaving a strong
force defensively opposite the French left. The
death blow to the British was to be given
by a second attack in Flanders following the
first one on the Somme.
"The means whereby they were certain they
would succeed were: (a) The vast secret con-
centration, (b) The surprise which would end
everything before the allies' reserves could ar-
rive.
"The German railways radiate to many points
on the front, whereas the allies' railways most-
ly run in semicircles parallel with the front,
thus giving the enemy a decided advantage.
Allies Expected Big Blow.
"4. The Allies' Plan— The allies' plan was
simply to allow the Germans to attack and
sustain tke blow successfully. They expected
the Germans to attack in the region of St.
Quentin. but there were also reasons to sup-
pose that the Germans would attack in the
Champagne. The allies were no less confi-
dent of their ability to sustain the shock than
the Germans were confident of victory.
Hit from Arras to Chauny.
"5. First Phase of the Battle — The sector
chosen for attack was the front of eighty
kilometers (forty-eight miles) from Arras
to Chauny. held entirely by the British.
Against two armies three powerful German
armies were concentrated. The British gener-
als were Byng on the north and Gough on the
south. The German generals from north to
south were Von Below, Von Marwitz and Von
Hutier. The British were outnumbered two to
one. both in men and guns.
"What happened? Gen. Byng's army held ad-
mirably, maintaining the positions on the left
and retreating on the right only to keep in
contact with Gen. Gough. The latter's army,
which had to bear the brunt of the German
blow, was broken in two. Retreat was imper-
ative.
Eoad to Paris Put in Danger.
"The peculiarities of this retreat were: (a)
Its rapidity, (b) Its direction. Instead of re-
treating elastically and keeping a loop forma-
tion around the German advance, the British
retired first due west and then northwest to-
ward Amiens. The entire Oise valley, which
is on the direct road to Paris, was in dan-
ger. The Germans' original objective had been
Amiens. Two days after the battle began their
objective became Paris.
"But the Germans had reckoned without the
French. The French army began to check the
danger in the Oise valley on March 23. The
fighting literally was one against three. The
general in command retired foot by foot and
by March 26. having received re-enforcements,
began to hold firmly along the line Chauny-
Noyon.
"The Germans on March 31 made their last
great attempt to break through the valley of
the Oise. They were soundly repulsed. Paris
ceased to be the German objective. Field
Marshal von Hindenburg again turned his at-
tention to Amiens.
Connecting Link Is Formed.
"Meanwhile another French army had begun
intervention on March 27 on the left of the
army that blocked the road to Paris, forming
a connecting link between it and the remnant
of Gen. Gough's army. On the first day the
French along a twenty kilometer (twelve mile)
front from Hangard to Tilloy fought literally
one to ten. yet disputed every foot of the
ground. By March 31 this French army, hav-
ing received re-enforcements, was holding firm
along the lines from the Somme to Montdidier.
606
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
to which, the commander had now extended his
left.
"The last greneral offensive against Amiens
was made April 4. The French and British,
fighting against odds of two to one. repulsed
the Germans with heavy loss. The Germans
when stopped were still fifteen kilometers
(nine miles) from Amiens. The first phase
of the battle was ended.
Second Phase of Big Battle.
"6. Second Phase — Of the second phase,
which began April 9 and 10 against the
British and Portuguese on a front of about
twenty-five kilometers (fifteen miles) from
La Bassee to near Ypres, less can be said, for
it is more recent and moreover I am less fully
informed. The Germans broke the British
center, which was being; held by three Por-
tuguese divisions. The situation on April 12
was critical, but since then it has been steady-
ing and improving-.
"There can be little doubt now that the
Germans have been stopped. French re-en-
forcements have arrived and the offensive here
will probably die out as did the offensive on
Amiens.
Methods of Foe in Attack.
"7. German Tactics — The German method Of,
attack was as follows:
"A preparatory bombardment, brief but in-
tense, began at midnight on March 21 and
lasted about six hours. Within this period
1.500,000 shells were fired by one single army.
Most of the shells contained gas and were
intended less to destroy the British trenches
than to destroy their occupants.
"The infantry attacked in successive waves.
The waves swept right over the zone of
trenches, leaving such groups of British as
still resisted to be dealt with by groups of
special troops which followed the waves. Once
in the open the waves advanced successfully
under cover of a constant rifle and machine
gun barrage. All units had orders to ad-
vance as far and as fast as possible. The
troops were all provided with three days' ra-
tions and two days' water.
Reserves Behind the Lines.
"Behind the fighting troops a large number
of reserves were assembled with which to
fill the gaps in the ranks and reconstitute the
divisions as quickly as possible. Airplanes
played no great part in, the German offensive,
although bombarding- planes were used nightly
to bomb the French and British rear, with a
view of terrorization.
Tactics Pursued by Allies.
"8. The Allies' Tactics— The allies' tactics
were not complicated. Once open fighting
was resumed they had simply to defend their
ground stubbornly with rifle and machine
gun fire, counterattacking with the bayonet
whenever that seemed expedient. They were
outnumbered and reserves were used sparingly.
"The first French troops engaged were cav-
alry, who fought dismounted. The infantry
was transported on camions, which, during the
critical days, went right into the zone of
fire, the troops climbing down and forming- a
firing line immediately in a ditch along the
road. The allies' artillery in most instances
reached the battle field before the Germans
and played a great part in checking- the Ger-
man advance. This was especially true of
the French fieldpieces. As the allies were
constantly endeavoring- to stabilize the lines
they dug trenches wherever possible.
Allies Superior in the Air.
"Throughout the battle the allies' aviation
service completely dominated that of the en-
emy. French and British fighting planes at-
tacked the German infantry from low alti-
tudes with machine guns, while bombing
planes both day and night dropped bombs
not only on the enemy's reserves but on the
actual firing line, thus temporarily replacing
*«e heavy artillery.
Overestimated Their Strength.
"9. Conclusion — The Germans' plan was well
conceived and executed with good strategy,
good tactics and good morale, but reckoned
on a superiority which they did not possess.
The allies' preparation, strategy and tactics
also proved good, and the situation, mo-
mentarily critical both in Picardy and Flan-
ders, has apparently been firmly re-established.
"The Germans claim to have taken from
the British more than 100.000 prisoners and
about 2.000 guns, including- trench mortars,
nnd from the French 2.000 prisoners. The
French and British each have taken about
2,000 German prisoners.
Fail to Separate Armies.
"In their purpose to separate the Frenih
and British armies and crush the latter the
Germans have absolutely failed. The allies'
lines have everywhere been re-established and
the allies' command now is united. The Ger-
mans thus far have thrown into the fighting
about 126 divisions. Their losses will prob-
ably reach more than 300.000. They have
still more divisions which they can use for a
new offensive and which will form the third
phase of the mighty battle. This offensive,
like the two preceding it. will fail. Then
will come the allies' turn."
Americans' First Real Fight.
On the 20th of Aoril the Americans had
their first serious encounter with the Ger-
mans. This was at Seicheprey, a village near
Renners forest. The Germans captured the
place, but the Americans by a counterattack
recovered the lost ground. On the 25th and
26th the Germans took Mount Kemmel, Dra-
noutre and St. Eloi, while the British re-
captured Villers-Bretonneaux. Fighting of a
more or less local character continued through-
out the rest of the month and in May with
varying- fortunes.
Third Phase of Offensive.
On May 27 the Germans began another great
offensive, taking the Chemin des Dames from
the French and crossing the Aisne. On the
following day they crossed the Vesle river at
Fismes. On this day also the Americans won
their first notable victory by capturing the vil-
lage of Cantigny and taking 200 prisoners. This
position they held against many subsequent
counterattacks. Soissons was taken by the
Germans May 29 and on the 30th they occu-
pied Fere-en-Tardenois and Vezily. On the
31st they reached Chateau Thierry and other
ointg on the Marne. where they were ha.lted
>y the French. Fighting of a spirited char-
acter continued for a few days longer, but
the Germans could advance no farther in
that direction at the time.
Chouy and Neuilly-St. Front fell to the
Germans on June 1. On the following four
days they took Pernant and a few villages,
but the French by1 counterattacks recaptured
Longpont. Corey, Troesnes and some other
places. On June 6 American marines by a
spirited attack gained two miles on a two
and a half mile front near Veuilly-la-Poterie.
taking Hill 142 near Tqrcy and entering Torcy
itself. On the following day. with French
aid. they completed the capture of Vilny,
Veuilly-la-Poterie. Bussaires, Belleau and the
heights southeast of Haute Vesnes. In a soc-
ond battle northwest of Chateau Thierry the
Americans advanced nearly two and half miles
on a six mile front, taking about 300 pris-
oners. In these battles the American troops
confirmed the impression that as fighters they
were equal to their allies and that with more
experience they would be as good as the best.
Fourth Phase of Offensive.
On June 9 the Germans began the fourth
Dhase of the offensive by attacking between
Montdidier and the Oise. advancing about
four miles and taking several villages. On
ihe next< day thpy took the villages of Mery,
Belloy and St. Maur and claimed the capture
of 8.000 French. On this day the* American
marines took the greater part of Belleau wood.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
607
(Battle Line, March 21st. 1913
May 26th, 1918
ESS3 Advance. May 27th, 1918
fTCTTTI •• " 28th, "
" 29th, "
*E23 •• " 30th. "
:3 Advance. May 31st. 1918
(53 " June 1st. ••
E^a " " 2nd, ••
EHJ " •• 4th, "
•to Retreat of the Germans
• •Farthest German Advance
in Aug. 1914
[Reproduced from the Literary Digest.]
MAP ILLUSTRATING ADVANCE AND RETREAT OF GERMANS IN MARCH AND
JUNE, 1918.
On June 11 they completed the capture of
Belleau wood, taking- 300 prisoners and sev-
eral machine gruna and mortars. The French
at the same time defeated the Germans be-
tween Rubescourt and St. Maur. taking 1,000
prisoners. There were other battles on the
12th and 13th. but on the 14th the German
offensive was pronounced a costly failure.
From this time to the end of June the
fighting was of a less serious character,
though the Americans in the Belleau and Vaux
region gave the Germans no rest, attacking
them continually and taking- prisoners. Pub-
lic attention at thia period was directed to-
ward Italy, where the Austrians took the of-
fensive.
July 2 President Wilson announced that there
were 1,019,115 American soldiers in France.
July 4 was celebrated in England, France and
Italy, as well as in the United States. On
that day Americans assisted the .Australians in
taking1 Hamel, with many prisoners. On the
8th and 9th the French advanced in the re-
gion of Longpont and northwest of Compiegne.
On the 12th they took Castel and other strong-
points near the west bank of the Avre river.
July 14, the French national holiday, was
observed in America and by the American
soldiers in France.
Fifth and Last Phase.
Then on July 15 the Germans began the fifth
and last phase of the offensive they initiated
on March 21, attacking- from Chateau Thierry
on the west to Massignes, along- a sixty-five
mile front end crossing- the Marne at several
places. At Chateau Thierry the Americans
put up a strong- resistance, but by persistent
efforts the enemy succeeded in gaining- a foot-
ing- on the south bank.
The battle continued both east and west of
Reims, with the allies holding- strongly every-
where and the Germans meeting- heavy losses.
The latter aimed at Chalons and Epernay and
hoped by turning- the Reims position to cap-
ture the cathedral city without having- to as-
sault directly its formidable defense. Gen.
Gouraud. the hero of Gallipoli, was in charge
of the French forces on the ripht. while Gen.
Mang-in and Gen. de Goutte held the left.
Most of the Americans taking- part in the
fighting- were under the command of these
three noted warriors, and strong- Italian and
British detachments were with Gouraud's
forces.
While the Germans were trying- to force their
way regardless of cost in the direction of
Chalons and Epernay, Gen. Fpch, who seems
to have had advance information of the Ger-
man crown prince's plans, was preparing- a
surprise in the Villers-Cotterets forest on the
German rig-ht flank. Larg-e forces were gath-
ered, including- some of the best French regi-
ments, together with the foreign legion, the
Moroccan regiment and other crack troops
and many Americans. On Thursday morning.
July 18, a heavy blow was launched at the
Germans all along the line from Chateau
Thierry on the Marne to the Aisne river
northwest of Soissons.
Turn of the Tide.
The Teutons were taken wholly by surprise
and town, after town was taken with com-
paratively little resistance. Later the resistance
stiffened, but the allies continued to advance.
Mounted cavalrymen assisted the infantrymen
and tanks in large numbers helped to clear
out machine gun nests. The Americans, who
fought side by side with the French, did their
work in a manner to excite the admiration of
their comrades. Thousands of prisoners were
taken with large numbers of heavy cannon
and great quantities of ammunition, to say
nothing of thousands- of machine guns. It was
a master stroke by Gen. Foch and his officers.
By the 20th Soissons was threatened. The
Germans, finding themselves caught in a dan-
gerous salient and attacked fiercely on both
flanks by the allies, hurriedly retreated to the
north bank of the Marne and still farther.
They were in such a critical situation that the
crown prince was forced, to call for assistance
from Prince Rupprecht in the north.
Austrian Offensive in June.
On the Italian front there were also indi-
cations that the Germanic alliance was in dif-
ficulties. After its reverse in October, 1917.
and its retreat to the line of the Piave river
the Italian army was reorganized and strength-
ened under Gen. Diaz, whp had succeeded Gen.
Cadorna. French and British regiments were
sent to help hold the line. Later some Amer-
ican troops were also sent.
On June 15 the Austrinns. urg-ed on by the
Germans, began an offensive along a 100 mile
front, crossing the Piave in several places.
On that day and the following two days they
continued violent attacks, especially on the
Montello plateau, along the Piave from St.
608
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Andrea to San Dona di Piaye and at Capo
Sile, twenty miles from Venice, where they
made some progress. Then the Italians. Brit-
ish and French counterattacked with impetu-
osity and within two or three days had turned
the Austrian offensive into a great rout, kill-
ing: thousands, taking other thousands prison-
ers and obtaining' possession of a large amount
of war materiel, including- many of the Aus-
trian heavy caliber guns. The whole Austrian
scheme to advance into the rich Italian plains
where they hoped to find great stores of food
for their hungry soldiers, failed miserably.
The defeat added to the dissatisfaction in
the dual empire and increased the bad feeling
between Austria-Hungary and Germany.
Emperor's Peace Letter a Bomb.
In this connection it may be noted that
Count Czemin, the Austro-Hungarian foreign
minister, was forced to resign his position or
April 15. 19l8, following the publication of a
letter published by the French government
showing that Emperor Charles had favored
giving1 Alsace-Lorraine, to France and restoring
elgium and Serbia in order to bring about
peace. The letter caused a sensation and
added to the ill feeling existing between the
central powers.
Naval Affairs.
On the seas the year 1918 was without
events comparable in importance to the battle
of the Falkland islands or of the Skager-
Kak though there were some minor affairs
in which great heroism was shown. This was
rotably the case in the British attacks on
Zeebrugge and Ostend by which these enemy
naval bases were made practically useless.
The entrances to the ports were obstructed by
sinking old ships across the harbor entrances
April 22 and again on May 9. The British
lost many brave men in the operations. .but
it was worth the sacrifice, for the activities
of the German submarines were greatly ham-
In an encounter between British light craft
and Turkish war vessels at the entrance of
tho Dardanelles Jan. 20. 1918. the Breslau.
a former cruiser, was sent to the bottom ana
the Goeben damaged. Both were flying the
Turkish flag. The British lost a destroyer and
a small monitor. Two or three encounters oc-
curred in the North sea. but they were of lit-
tle conseauence.
The German high seas fleet did .not venture
but from the harbor in which it had been
anchored since the battle of Skager-Rak un-
til it surrendered in accordance with the arm-
istice terms. Most of the Russian warships in
the Baltic escaped seizure by the Germans
after the collapse of the Russian army, some
being sunk by the Russians themselves and
others taking refuge at Kronstadt. The Ger-
mans, however, obtained possession of some of
the craft in the Black sea ports.
Italians? Notable Naval Feat.
Through the skill and bravery of Commander
Pellegrini and Commander Rizzo of the Italian
navy Austria-Hungary lost three battle ships
and one coast defense ship. These were tor-
pedoed either while lying in harbor or pro-
ceeding along the Dalmatian coast protected
by swarms of torpedo boats. The coast de-
fense ship Wien was sunk in December. 1917.
and the battle ships in May and June. 1918.
No finer exploits of this kind were produced
by the war.
Some losses were suffered by the American
navy, but under all the circumstances they
were not heavier than might have been ex-
pected. Among the vessels lost by torpedo-
ing or through other causes may be named the
destroyers Jacob Jones and Chauneey. the col-
lier Cyclops, the cruiser San Diego, the supply
ehip Westover, the tugs Cherokee and Mariner
and a number of ships used as troop trans-
ports. Fortunately these were homeward
bound and the loss of life was not large.
.The work done by the navy was of a most
arduous and exacting character, but it met
every emergency and established a record,
especially in the matter of convoying trans-
ports to Europe, of which it has every reason
to be proud. Several transports were lost, but
in each case they were homeward bound. The
transport Tuscania, on which more than 200
American soldiers lost their lives Feb. 5, and
the Moldavia and Otranto were British. The
largest American transports lost were the Pres-
ident Lincoln, May 31, 1918, and the Coving-
ton, July 1.
Notwithstanding that many ships of the
allied countries and neutral nations were sunk
in the course of a year it became apparent
that the German policy of ruthless submarine
warfare was doomed to failure. The seas
around the British isles became so unpleasant
for the "U" boats that they ventured farther
from their bases and even came to this side
of the Atlantic. In June they sank about a
dozen ships off the American coast.
Torpedoing of Hospital Ships.
"Frightfulness" continued to be a strong
feature of the German War policy, both on sea
and land. Hospital ships were attacked and
sunk on sight wherever they we,re encoun-
tered. The most striking example of this was
the sinking of the -British ship LJandovery
Castle seventy miles off the Irish coast on the
night of June 27 with the loss of 234 lives,
among them a number of Canadian woman
Red Cross nurses. On land the German avi-
ators bombed many hospitals and continued
their aerial raids on London and Paris.
Long Range Gun Bombards Paris.
The French capital was also subjected to
a bombardment by guns having a surprisingly
long range — said to be sixty or seventy miles —
causing some loss of life. The greatest fa-
tality pccurred when a shell struck a church
in Paris where services were being held on
Good Friday, killing seventy-six persons. Brit-
ish, French and other aviators, in retaliation
for the bombing of defenseless towns back of
the battle line, dropped explosives on some of
the> Rhine towns, sparing as much as possible,
however, civilians while attacking factories
and public works. This action caused great
alarm and the inhabitants demanded that an
understanding should be reached on the sub-
ject -of aerial bombardments outside the war
zones proper.
Throughout the year the allied aviators con-
tinued to manifest their superiority over the
German flyers. Fatalities on both sides were
heavy and some of the greatest aces were
killed. Among the dead may be mentioned
Mai. Baracca. Italian: Frank L. Baylies. Ar-
thur Blumenthal. W. Vernon Booth, A. Court-
ney Campbell. Charles W. Chapman. James R.
McConnell. Raoul Lufbery, Paul Pavelk.i.
Quentin Rodsevelt. American; Baron Richt-
hofen. German: Georges Guynemer, French,
and James B. McCudden, British. In the
training areas in America /there were many
fatal aerial accidents. Among the deaths at-
tracting the most attention were those of
John Purroy Mitchel. fdrmer mayor of New
York, and Vernon Castle, the noted dancer.
Lichnowsky Memoirs.
Revelations made by Prince Lichnowsky, Ger-
man ambassador in London at the time the
war began, laying the blame for the great
struggle on German and Austrian shoulders,
caused a great sensation early in the spring
of this year. His statement of the causes
of the war confirmed the claims of the Brit-
ish and other allies and was a severe set-
back to the German assertion that the war
was forced on the central powers and that
they were fig-hting in self-defense.
Gavrio Prinzip. the man who killed Arch-
duke Francis Ferdinand, heir apparent to the
throne of Austria-Hungary, nnd thereby pre-
cipitated the European war, died in a fortres?
near Prague, Bohemia, April 30, 1918, ot
tuberculosis.
Decisive Campaign.
Having noted some of the less important
occurrences of the year we may now turn
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
609
to the campaigns which resulted in the down-
fall of Germany and her allies. Bulgaria was
the first of the quadruple alliance to give up
the strugrgrle. In July Italian and French
troops beg-an an operation between the Adri-
atic coast and the Tomorica valley and. in
five days advanced from fifteen to twenty miles
on a sixty mile front, until the whole of
southern Albania was cleared of the enemy.
Bulgarians Forced to Surrender.
There were some minor operations in
August, but Gen. Franchet d'Esperey. who was
the commander in chief of the allied forces in
Macedonia, waited until his preparations were
complete. An official report issued by the
French war office g-ave this concise account of
the brief but brilliant campaigm that followed:
"The operations began [Sept. 14] when a
Serbian division moved forward and carried
by assault the formidable mountain barriers
of Vetrenik. Dobropolje and Sokpl. By Sept.
22 they had succeeded in cutting1 the com-
munications of the first Bulgarian army op-
erating' alone the Vardar and those of the
Bulgarian second army and the Germans north
of Monastir.
"Displaying1 extraordinary endurance, cour-
age and a spirit of sacrifice, all the allied
forces joined in the attack Sept. 18 against
the enemy at Doiran, capturing this region
from important Bulgarian forces.
"Beginning Sept. 21, the Italian. Greek and
French troops in the region of Monastir
moved forward in their turn. On Sept. 2/J a
general pursuit began. It was conducted with
ardor and splendid energy.
Allies Cross Vardar.
"On the 23d the Serbians and French crossed
the Vardar in the direction of Krivqlak. On
the 24th French cavalry entered Prilep. .On
the 25th Ishtib and the formidable barriers
to Veles were captured. The British opened
up the road to Strumnitza, which they en-
tered Sept. 26. The same day the Serbians
reached Kochana and Veles and the Italians,
French and Greeks were marching on Kichevo.
"On the evening of Sept. 26 the Bulgarians
asked that hostilities be suspended, announc-
ing they were sending plenipotentiaries.
"At 11 P. m on Sept. 29 the plenipoten-
tiaries delegated by the Bulgarian government
signed an armistice at Saloniki. On Sept. 30
at midday hostilities between Bulgarians and
the allies ceased."
Though the Bulgarians had surrendered, the
Austrian and German detachments in the
Balkans offered some resistance. It was feeble,
for they were meeting with severe reverses
elsewhere and could spare no troops for this
war theater. The allies, and particularly the
Serbians, advanced steadily and occupied all the
main towns and strategic centers. The Ger-
mans speedily found themselves cut off from
Turkey, the famous Berlin to Bagdad line
being cut and communication by the Danube
closed. Before the war ended the Serbians
were back in their old capital, Belgrade.
Abdication of Sing Ferdinand.
King1 Ferdinand had been in bad health and
mentally depressed for some time before the
surrender came. His pro-German cabinet re-
signed and another favorable to the allies
came to the helm under the leadership of M.
Malinoff. It was this government which made
the surrender at Saloniki. King Ferdinand ab-
dicated Oct. 3 and was succeeded by Prince
Boris. In giving up the throne King Ferdi-
nand issued the following manifesto:
"By reason of a succession of circumstances
which have occurred in my kingdom and
which demand from each citizen much sacri-
fice, even to the surrendering of oneself for the
well being of all. I desire to give as the first
example the sacrifice of myself.
"Despite the sacred ties which for thirty-
two years have bound me so firmly to this
country, for whose prosperity and greatness
I have given all my powers, I have decided
to renounce the royal Bulgarian crown in
favor of my eldest son, his highness the
prince royal, Boris of Tirnovo.
"I call upon all faithful subjects and true
patriots to unite as one man about the throne
of King Boris,- to lift the country from its
difficult situation and to elevate new Bul-
garia to the height to which it is predestined."
The abdication of King Ferdinand was an-
nounced by Premier Malinoff at a crowded
session of the Bulgarian parliament and the
news was received by the deputies with the
greatest interest.
It was announced on Nov. 2 that King
Boris had also abdicated and that Bulgaria
had been changed into a republic. Dispatches
from Sofia were conflicting and details of the
formation of the new state are lacking.
Turkey Next to Give Up.
Haying1 been cut off from Germany, the
Turkish government found itself in a hope-
less position, which was made all the more
so by the complete defeat of its army in
Palestine by the forces under Gen. Allenby.
The beginning1 of the decisive campaign in
this part of the world was described thus in
an official British communication issued from
the war office in London Sept. 20:
"During" the night of Sept. 18 our troops
commenced a general attack on the front be-
tween the Jordan and the sea. East of the
Jerusalem-Nablus road British and Indian
troops advanced successfully and intercepted
the Turkish road communication leading
southeast from Nablus.
"At 4:3O a. m. of the 19th the main at-
tack, in which French troops participated,
was launched after a sharp bombardment be-
tween Rafat and the coast. Our infantry
made rapid progress, overrunning the entire
hostile defensive system/ on this frontage by
8 a. m. and penetrating to a maximum depth
of five miles before swinging- east.
The latest available reports indicate the
Tulkeram railway junction was occupied by*
our infantry in the course of the afternoon,
while a brigade of Australian light horse
reached the main Tulkeram-Messudieh railway
and the road in the vicinity of Anesta. cut-
ting off large bodies of retreating- enemy with
their guns and transports.
"Meantime a strong cavalry force of Brit-
ish. Indian and Australian troops moving
northward on the coast had seized the road
junction at Hudeira Lektera. nineteen miles
from the point of departure, by midday.
East of the Jordan a strong detachment of
Arab troops of the king of the Hadjas. de-
scending from the Turkish railway junction of
Beraa, severed rail communication leading
north, south and west from that center.
"The operations continued. By 8 p. m. of
the 19th more than 3,000 prisoners had
passed through our corps cages and many
more were reported as not having been
counted. Large quantities of materiel have
been taken."1
Another official statement issued by the
British war office Sept. 22 said:
"By 8 p. m. on Sept. 20 the enemy re-
sistance had collapsed everywhere save on
the Turkish left in the Jordan valley.
"Our left wing, having swung around to the
east, had reached the line of Bidieh. Baka
and Messudieh junction, and was astride the
rail and roads converging at Nablus.
"Our right wing, advancing through difficult
country against considerable resistance had
reached the line of Kahn Jibeit. one and one-
quarter miles northeast of El Muheir and
Es-Sawieh, and was facing north astride the
Jerusalem-Nablus road.
"On the north our cavalry had occupied
Nazareth, Afuse and Beisan, and were collect-
ing the disorganized masses of enemy troops
and transport as they arrived from the south.
Close Trap on Turks.
'All avenues of escape open to the enemy,
except the fords across the Jordan between
Beisan and Jisr-ed-Dameer, were thus closed.
610
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
BATTLE LINES IN BALKANS AND PALESTINE IN 1918.
The arrows on the map show: No. 1: Bat-
tle line in Balkans at the beginning- of 1918.
No. 2: Battle line at the time the armistice
with Austria-Hungary was signed. No. 3:
Where allied fleet passed through the Dar-
danelles and the Bosporus to the Black sea.
No. 4: Battle line in Palestine at the begin-
ning- of 1918. No. 5: The battle line at the
time of Turkey's surrender.
"East of the Jordan Arab forces of the king-
of the Hedjas had effected numerous demoli-
tions on the railways radiating; from Beraa,
several important bridg-es, including- one in the
Yurmak valley, having- been destroyed.
"Very severe losses have been inflicted on
the masses of Turkish troops retreating- over
the difficult roads by our air service.
"A German airplane, later ascertained to
have been carrying- mails, landed in the midst
of our troops at Afule. The pilot, who be-
lieved the place still to be in Turkish hands,
destroyed the machine and its contents before
he could be secured.
"By 9 o'clock on Saturday night on our left
wing- the infantry about Biratur had reached
the line Beitdejan-Samaria-Kirafmer, shepherd-
ing- the enemy on the west of the Jerusalem-
Nablus road into the arms of our cavahy
operating- southward from Beisan.
Airmen Harass Fugitives.
"Other enemy columns vainly attempted to
escape into the Jordan valley in the direc-
tion of Jisr-ed-Dameer, which still is held by
us. These columns suffered adversely from
our aircraft, which constantly harassed them
with bombs and machine ffuri fire from low-
altitudes.
"In the vicinity of Lake Tiberias our cav-
alry detachments hold Nnzareth and the rail
and road passag-es over the Jordan at Jisr-ed-
Dameer. Already 18,000 prisoners have been
captured and 120 guns collected."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
611
In the course of the next lew days the
entire 7th and 8th Turkish armies were virtu-
ally annihilated. The mobility of the allied
forces and the boldness of Gen. Allenby's plan
of hitting1 at the strongest point in the Turk-
ish defenses added to the success. The rush
of the British cavalry completed the enemy's
discomfiture.
The Turkish reserves consisted of troops
which recently arrived from the Caucasus.
Field Marshal Liman von Sanders, commander
of the Turkish forces, and his staff escaped
capture by only six hours. British cavalry,
pushing: up the Mediterranean coast of Pal-
estine, occupied Haifa and Acre. The capture
of these ports represented an advance of
sixty miles in the operations. Allied troops
reached Es-Salt. fifteen miles northwest of
Amman.
Damascus Taken.
Troops of an ^Australian mounted division
entered Damascus Monday night. Sept. 30. At
6 a. m. Oct. 1 the city was occupied by the
British forces and by a portion of the Arab
army of King Hussein. More than 7,000 pris-
oners were taken. British troops entered
Aleppo Oct. 26.
Surrender Announced.
The surrender of Turkey was announced in
the French chamber of deputies Oct. 31 by
Admiral Leygues. minister of marine, who
said:
"A lew days ago Gen. Townshend. was
freed to go to inform the British admiral
commanding: in the JEgean sea that the Tu"k-
ish government asked that negotiations be
opened with a view to conclusion of an ar-
mistice between Turkey and the allies.
"Rear- Admiral Calthorpe replied that if the
Turkish government sent regularly accredited
plenipotentiaries he had the necessary powers
to inform them of the conditions under which
the allies would consent to cease hostilities
and that he had the power to sign, on behalf
of the allies an armistice based on these
conditions.
"The Turkish plenipotentiaries arrived at
Mudros at the beginning of this week. The
armistice was signed last night [Oct. 30] by
Rear-Admiral Calthorpe on behalf ol the al-
lies, and it became effective this noon.
"It is impossible to publish the complete
terms, but they include:
"Free passag-e of the allied fleets through
the Dardanelles to the Black sea.
"Occupation of the Bosporus and the Dar-
danelles forts as necessary to guarantee the
security of this passage.
Must Return Prisoners.
"The immediate release and return of all
allied prisoners of war."
Gen. Townshend was commander of the
British Mesopotamian force which surrendered
at Kut-el-Amara on April 29, 1916. Gen.
Townshend had been sent as a prisoner to an
island in the Sea of Marmora.
Collapse of Austria.
The collapse ol Austria-Hungary followed
close on the heels, of that of Turkey. There
were many minor engagements along1 the Piave
and in the mountainous regions after the ill-
fated Austrian drive in June, but there was
nothing' like a general offensive until alter
the middle of October. On the 23d of that
month the Italians, aided by the French and
British, attacked in the Monte Grappa region
and on the Asiago plateau. They also struck
along1 the upper reaches of the Piave river
and before the 25th had taken 3.000 pris-
oners. On the Piave they cnptured the islnnrts
of Grave di Pappadopolo and Maggiore, which
are in the vicinity of Odrizo. They took prisoner
the enemy g-arrisons ol these islands. A little
farther to the north and west the Italians made
important progress in the region ol Monte
Grappa, the scene ol some of the hardest
fightini? of Ihe war. They crossed the Ornie
river and captured Monto Solarolo and part of
Monte Prassolan and Monte Pertica. On the
Aaiaro plateau they took Monte Sisemol. An.
oiflcial Italian, communique issued on Oct. 28
said:
"Our army, in conjunction with allied con-
tingents, has crossed the Piave river by force
of arms, engaging in bitter battles the enemy,
who strove desperately to bar the way.
"Between the slope and heights of Val Dob-
biadene and the mouth of the Soligo torrent
oil1- infantry assault troops passed during- the
night, under violent fire, to the left bank ox
the river, broke into the enemy's front lines
and carried them.
"Supported by the lire ol the artillery on
the right bank, they grained ground and re-
pulsed enemy counterattacks throughout the
day.
"To the south the 10th army, taking1 ad-
vantage ol the successes of the British at
Grave di Pappadopolo, compelled the enemy
to retire and i-epulsed two counterattacks ia
the direction ol Sorgo Malanotte and Ronea-
delle.
"The prisoners taken yesterday aggregated
more than 9,000. Fifty-one guns were cap-
tured."
By the night of the 29th the allied troops
were nearly eight miles east of the Piave river
and still were driving the disorganized Austri-
ans before them. Cavalry and light infantry-
detachments forced a crossing of the Monti-
cano river, routed the enemy rear guards at
Vazzola and headed in the direction of the
Livenza river to the east.
Over the forty mile front from the region
of Monte Grappa, in the north, eastward and
then south nearly to Ponte di Piave, twenty
miles north of the sea, Italian. British and
French troops everywhere reported a victori-
ous advance.
At the north end of the attack line on the
Piave Italian troops stormed Val Dobbiadene.
swept UP and took the heights ol Collosto,
overran the Susegana plain, and took the town
of that name. Conegliana, five miles north-
east of the left bank of the Piave. was occu-
pied and passed in the advance.
North of the Montello the French took
Monte Pionar by storm, while Italian troops,
north and west, crossed the Ornic river, an
east and west stream which flows into the
Piave, and drove the Austrians from Alano di
Piave.
British units, far to the west ol the Brenta.
raided the enemy trenches opposite Asiago and
found them unoccupied.
The captures in materiel were heavy, in-
cluding not only field artillery but cannon of
large caliber.
American troops under Mai .-Gen. Charles G.
Treat crossed the Piave river with the 10th
army, composed of British. Italians and Amer-
icans, under Lieut. -Gen. the Earl of Cavan.
This was the first army to be*rin op-
erations by establishing a bridgehead across
the Piave river at the island ol Grave di
Pappadopolo.
By Oct. 30 more than 50.000 Austrian pris-
oners had been taken, with 300 guns and
great quantities of military stores. An official
statement from Rome said that hordes of the
enemy were streaming1 in rout from the moun-
tain passes, seeking to cross the Tagliamento
river, about ten miles east of the Livenza.
The Italian. British and French troops
crossed the Livenza at several places along-
its headwaters and were headed for the
Tagliamento. beyond which lie the Isonzo and
the Austrian frontier. To the south the 3d
Italian army, which forced several passages
of the lower Piave on the 29th. was driving
the enemy before it. despite some show at-
resistance.
Italian troops reached Ponte delle Aim.
northeast of the city of Belluno. in. the north,
thus definitely dividing the Austnan armies.
"The enemy is completely defeated east of
the Piave." said an official Italian dispatch,
"and is with great difficulty sustaining the
incessant pressure of our troops in the moun-
tain region, in the plnin. and in the Alpine
foothills of Venetia. Our armies are aiminir
612
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
A U
AUSTRO-ITALIAN BATTLE LINES IN 1918.
irresistibly toward the objectives which, have
been designated.
"The enemy masses are streaming1 in con-
fusion down the mountain valleys in an at-
tempt to reach passes on the Tasrliamento.
Prisoners, guns, war materiel and storehouses,
scarcely touched, fell into our hands
"The 12th army, alter having completely
taken possession of the height of Ceseme, is
fighting to conquer the pass of Quero. The
8th army has conquered the ridge between
the valley of Follina and the valley of the
Piave and has occupied the pass of . Seravelle,
advancing toward the plain of Cansiglio, aim-
ing at the plain of Pordenone. The 10th
army has brought its front on the Livenza.
"The 3d army is pushing ahead, overwhelm-
ing and capturing the enemy, who offers a
bitter resistance. Czecho-Slovak troops are par-
ticipating in the action.
"In the Grappa region our troops renewed
their attack and this morning succeeded in
conquering Col Caprile. Col Bonatto, Asalone.
Monte Prassolan. the salient of Solarq, Monte
Spinoncia and the plateau of Asiago.
On Nov. 1 the official Italian account of
the battle operations read:
"The battle continues all along: the front.
The enemy is strongly maintaining his resist-
ance from the Stelvio to the Astico, but he
is wavering beyond the Asiago plateau and is
in utter rout all along the rest of the front.
The greatest defense that the enemy has is
tho natural obstacles along: the road of its
"Our' troops are full of enthusiasm and are
following the enemy relentlessly.
"The 12th army, after conquering the pasa
of Quero. has rapidly advanced south of
Belluno and after brilliantly rounding the de-
pression of Vadalto has advanced on Belluno
and occupied the city.
"The 3d army, re-enforced also by a regi-
ment of marines, has occupied the whole
intricate zone along the Adriatic.
"In the direction of Udine the Italian troops
are also fast advancing. Pordenone has fall-
BATTLE.LINE. OCT. 19 17 BE.FOK.E.
AUSTRO- GERMAN DRJVE TO- .\\\Vf.
VVA.OD VENICE. //iiuttUUIllllliiiiiiH^
tlME. FROM WHICH ITALV
STARTED ITS FINAL DRIVE."
BATTLE.LINE. WHEN ARMISTICE.
WAS DECLAREP
AUSTRIA- ITALIAN BOR.DER. ^ J~i
en into our hands. At the extreme eastern
sector of the front Italian marines have oc-
cupied Caorle.
"Great numbers of airplanes are preceding
our troops and are operating their machine
guns on the retreating enemy columns.
"The number of prisoners is increasing rap-
idly and continuously. More than 700 guns
captured have already been counted. The
booty captured is of an enormous quantity."
Report of Nov. 2.
On Nov. 2 Rome reported:
"The Austrian armies have been completely
defeated. The Italians already have captured
80,000 prisoners and 1,600 guns. The entire
Austrian army in the Trentino has been cut
off and another Austrian army on the south-
ern end of the front is in the same situation.
"The Italians are on Austrian soil. The
northern army crossed the frontier into Aus-
trian territory in the Sugana valley yesterday
eveningt cutting the Austrian forces in that
region in two.
"East of the Brenta the pursuit continues.
On the Asiago plateau the enemy is resisting
to give time for the masses in the rear to
retire, but the troops of the 6th army have
crossed by force of arms the pass between
Rotzo and Roana, carrying in a bitter strug-
gle Monte Cimone and Monte Lisser, and are
advancing in the valley of the Nos.
"The 4th army has occupied the heights
north of the hollow of Fonzaso and has
pushed forward columns into the Sugana val-
ley. The old frontier was passed yesterday
evening. Alpine groups, having crossed the
Piave with improvised means in the neigh-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
613
borhood of Busche, have spread out in the
area between Feltre and San Giustina.
"Italian troops which yesterday won ii
heavy fighting1 at the Passo di Boldo, the hoi
low of Fadalto, are going up the Cordevole
valley. They have passed beyond Ponte delle
Alpi and are marching' toward Longarone.
"On the plains an Italian cavalry division
vnder the count ol Turin, having overcome
the stubborn resistance of the enemy at Cas-
tello d'Aviano, Boveredo in Piano, San Mar-
tino and San Quierino, occupied Pordenone and
passed the Cellina-Meduna line.
"Our owni and allied aviators are complete
masters of the air and continue without pause
their daring activities. An Italian airship
bombarded the railway station in the Bug-ana
Valley at night.
"It is not possible to calculate the number
of guns abandoned on the lines of battle now
distant from the fighting1 fronts and in the
roads. More than 1.600 have been counted.
"More than 80.000 prisoners have been
counted. Our soldiers have liberated several
thousand prisoners from, captivity."
Austria Raises White Flag.
Even before this stage of the battle had
been reached the Austrian authorities realized
that it would be useless to continue the strug-
gle any further and steps were taken to secure
an armistice. This proceeding was thus de-
scribed by a correspondent of the London
Times:
"Toward the evening of Oct. 29 an Aus-
trian officer was seen coming from the enemy
trenches close to Serravalle. above Ala, in the
Adige valley. It became evident at once that
the white flag was genuine and Italian officers
went forward to meet him.
"The officer, who was a captain, declared
that he had come to discuss the conditions
of an armistice. Taken to a neighboring- com-
mand and Questioned, he was found not to
have any authoritative papers and was sent
back with a message that a more representa-
tive and duly accredited mission should be
sent if the matter was to be pursued
"On Wednesday evening; a white flag was
again hoisted. The Austnans having evidently
determined to make due sacrifice of their
pride, this time more fitting personalities
appeared. At the head of a small group that
approached the Italian trenches was the
Austrian Gen. von Weber, a corps commander.
The party consisted of eight persons and in-
cluded another general and naval and military
officers. There were also civilians, either dip-
lomatic of government representatives, and
secretaries and typists.
"They were treated with every courtesy, and
•when Gen. von Weber had formally stated his
mission and shown that he was the bearer of
proper credentials he and his party were
driven next day in motor cars to the Villa
Giusti, close to Gen. Diaz' headquarters. At
9 o'clock in the morning Gen. Badoglio. the
chief of the staff, drove with an escort of cav-
alry to the villa, and on his arrival all the
troops present saluted and the bugles were
sounded.
"Entering the villa. Gen. Badoglio found all
the Austrian mission standing in a line in
the drawing room awaiting him. Gen. von
Weber was in full uniform, wearing the stars
and ribbons of his orders. Gen. Badoerlio sa-
luted him and upon seating himself asked the
Austrian general his errand. Gen. von Weber
replied that he had come to ask the condi-
tions upon which an armistice would be
granted. Gen. Badoglio answered that within
an hour he would let him know the general
lines of such an armistice contained in a writ-
ten message. He then left the room and the
•written message in question was at once sent
to the villa.
"Meanwhile telegrams were exchanged with
Versailles, and during the afternoon the pre-
cise details under which an armistice would
be granted were received from Sig. Orlando,
the Italian prime minister, and again in writ-
ten form handed to Gen. von Weber. During
the evening one of the Austrian envoys left
by motor car for Serravalle with a draft of
the conditions to communicate to the Austrian
government.
"The Austrian plenipotentiaries were very
much depressed and did not show themselves
outside the villa nor walk in its ample gar-
dens."
Armistice Signed.
The terms of armistice offered by the allies
were accepted by the Austrian government and
the document was signed by Gen. Diaz and the
Austrian representatives on the afternoon of
Sunday, Nov. 3. At 3 o'clock on the follow-
ing day hostilities ceased all along the line.
On the evening of Monday the Italian war
ofice issued the following statement:
"The war against Aiistria-Hungary, which
under the high guidance of the king, the su-
preme leader of the Italian army, inferior in
numbers and materiel, began the 24th of May,
1915, and which, with unbending faith and
tenacious valor has been conducted uninter-
ruptedly and bitterly or forty-one months, has
been won.
"The gigantic battle engaged in on the 24th
of October, in which fifty-one Italian divisions
and three British, two French, one Czecho-
slovak and one American regiment partici-
pated against sixty-three Austro-Hungarian
livisions. is ended.
"The daring and very rapid advance of the
29th army corps on Trent, closing up the
enemy's armies in Trentino, who were over-
come to the west by troops from the 7th
army and to the east by the 1st, 6th and 4th
armies, brought about the total collapse of
the enemy's front.
"The Austro-Hungarian army is destroyed.
It suffered very heavy losses in the fierce re-
sistance of the first days of the struggle, and
in pursuit it has lost an immense quantity of
materiel of all kinds, nearly all its stores and
depots, and has left in our hands about 300,-
000 prisoners, with their commands complete,
and not less than 5,000 guns.
"This defeat has left what once was one
of the most powerful armies in the world in
disorder and without hope of returning along
the valleys through which it descended with
haughty assurance."
Victory Hour for the Allies.
On the anniversary of Britain's entry into
the war, Aug. 4, Field Marshal Haig, com-
mander in chief of the British forces in
France, issued this special order of the day:
"The conclusion of the fourth year of the
war marks the passing of the period of crisis.
We can now with added confidence look for-
ward to the future.
"The revolution in Russia set free large
hostile forces on the eastern front, which
were transferred to the west. It was the
enemy's intention to use the great numbers
;hus created to gain a decisive victory before
the arrival of American troops should give
superiority ,to the allies.
"The enemy made his effort to obtain a de-
ision on the western front and failed. The
steady stream of American troops arriving in
France has restored the balance. The ene-
my's first and most powerful blows fell on
.he British.
"The superiority of force was nearly three
;o one. Although he succeeded in pressing
jack parts of the fronts attacked, the British
ine- remained unbroken.
"After many days of heroic fighting, the
glory of which will live for all time in the
ustory of our race, the enemy is held. At
.he end of four years of war the magnificent
ighting qualities and spirit of our troops re-
main of the highest order.
I thank them for the devoted bravery and
unshaken resolution with which they responded
;o my appeal at the height of the struggle.
. know they will show like steadfastness and
courage in whatever task they may yet be
called upon to perform."
That the field marshal spoke truly was*
>roved by after events. The period of crisis
had been passed, for thereafter and until the
•614
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
•surrender the Germans moved only in one
•direction, and that was in the direction of
their own frontier. There was much sangui-
nary fighting-, but it was a defensive war they
•waged, with numerous counteroffensives to
give their harassed troops time to get away
with guns and supplies. No real offensive
•was attempted after the end of July.
To give merely an outline of what hap-
pened on the western front between Aug. 1
and Nov. 11 is difficult because of the ex-
tended battle line, the number of troops en-
gaged and the rapidity with which the allied
-commanders struck the enemy heavy blows
in widely separated sections. An attempt will,
however, be made to touch upon some of the
more important movements from the North
sea to the Swiss bowler in the order in which
they occurred.
Capture of Fismes,
On Aug. 3 and 4 Gen. Pershingr was able to
report: "The lull fruits of victory in the
counteroffensive begun so gloriously by Fran-
-co-American troops on July 18 were reaped
to-day, when the enemy, who met his second
great defeat on the Marne, was driven in con-
iufion beyond the line of the Vesle. The
•enemy, in spite of suffering the severest losses,
has proved incapable of stemming the on-
slaught of our troops, fighting for liberty side
by side with French, British and Italian vet-
erans. In the course of the operations 8,400
prisoners and 133 guns have been captured
"by our men alone. Our troops have taken
Fismes by assault and hold the south bank
of the Vesle in this section."
Foch Made Marshal of France.
On Aug. 6 the French council of ministers
•elevated Gen. Ferdinand Foch to the rank ' of
marshal of France. In connection with this
•event Premier Clemenceau said:
"At the hour when the enemy, by a for-
midable offensive, counted on snatching the
decision and imposing a German peace upon
•us. Gen. Foch and his admirable troops van-
quished him.
"Paris is not in danger, Soissons and Cha-
"teau Thierry have been ' reconquered and more
than 200 villages have been delivered.
"Thirty-five thousand prisoners and 700 can-
non have been captured and the enemy's
l?ig'h hopes pf the week before have been
•crushed. The glorious allied armies have
thrown him from the banks of the Marne to
the Aisne. Such are the results of the high
command's strategy, superbly executed by in-
•comparable commanders. The confidence placed
by the republic and by all the allies in the
•conqueror of St. Gond, the Yser and the
Somme has been lully justified."
Smash in Picardy.
On Aug. 8 the British and French launched
an offensive in Picardy and on a front of more
than twenty miles astride the Somme pressed
lorward from six to- seven miles, taking more
than 10.000 prisoners and capturing Moreuil,
Hamel and numerous other places. In his re-
port of the first day's operations Gen. Haig
said:
"The operations commenced this morning on
the Amiens front by the French 1st army un-
-der command of G.n. Debeney and the British
4th army under Sir Henry Rawlinson are pre-
ceding successful y. The assembly of allied
troops was completed under cover of night,
unnoticed by the enemy.
"At the hour of assault French, Canadian,
Australian and English divisions, assisted by a
large number of British tanks, stormed the
Germans on a front of over twenty miles from
the Avre river at Braches to the neighborhood
of Morlancourt. The enemy was taken by
surprise, and at all points the allied troops
liave made rapid progress.
"At an early hour our first objectives had
"been reached on the whole of the front at-
tacked. During the morning the advance of
•the allied infantry continued actively assisted
by British cavalry, light tanks and motor ma-
chine gun batteries.
"The resistance of German divisions in the
line was overcome at certain points after
sharp fighting, and many prisoners and a num-
ber of guns were captured by our troops. The
French troops, attacking with great gallantry,
crossed the Ayre river, and despite the en-
emy's opposition carried hostile defenses.
North of the Somme the great part of our final
objectives were gained before noon, but in the
neighborhood of Chipilly parties of the enemy
offered prolonged resistance. In both localities
the fighting was heavy, but ultimately our
troops broke down the opposition of the Ger-
man infantry and gained their oblectives.
"South, of the Somme the gallantry of the
allipd infantry and the dash nnd vigor of their
attack had gained during the afternoon the
final objectives for the day on practically the
whole of the batt'e front.
"Assisted by our light tanks and armored
cars, cavalry passed through the infantry and
beyond our objectives, riding down the Ger-
man transports and limbers in their retreat,
and capturing villages and taking many pris-
oners."
Chipillv Ridge.
The hard fighting at Chipilly ridge men-
tioned in Gen. Haig's dispatch was done
chiefly by Australian troops, but they were
ably assisted by American soldiers, former na-
tional guardsmen from Chicago and vicinity,
whose work won the highest praise. They
fought like veterans and contributed mate-
rially to the victory. The battle was thus de-
scribed in the dispatches of Aug. 10:
"Details of the brilliant battle which the
Americans and British fought for the spur
are now available. In order to sro over the
top at the appointed time yesterday afternoon
the Americans were forced to make a rapid
march, in the last part of which they ran so
as to be in the fight.
"The American machine gunners and infan-
try went into battle with their traditional en-
thusiasm. They met the Germans and de-
feated them here, just as they did along the
Marne.
"At places stiff resistance developed, but all
along the line the Americans. British anq
French smashed through the harassed enemy,
who was trying to hold UP their advance.
"Chipilly spur, north of the Somme, was
captured by the American and British troopa
at 6 o'clock. The attack began at 5 o'clock,
when the allies drove forward between the
Ancre and the Somme. They were supported
by tanks and were preceded by a, heavy bar-
rage fire. The enemy was driven toward
Bray, northeast of ChipilLv.
"In the American attack the German infan-
try held for a while and then broke, and the
Americans kept going, at some places without
the assistance of the tanks. The ground,
pitted with deep gullies, was unsuited lor
tank warfare.
"There were no trenches, but a thin smoke
screen blowing across the ground indicated
where the enemy's positions lay. At the same
time the German artillery became active and
dropped shells in the direction of the Ameri-
can troops which inflicted a few casualties.
The Americans, however, ran on and reached
the smoke line just as it lifted. There they
found themselves at grips with the enemy.
"Meanwhile certain American units had
reached positions in front of a wood when the
Germans opened fire with machine guns. Many
of these enemy machine gunners came up from
deep dugouts after the American barrage had
ceased and they placed their guns in prepared
pits. The Americans faced a hail of bullets
here. The Germans continued to fire until
the. Americans and English put them out of
On Aug. 14 Gen. March, chief of staff, an-
nounced that the American regiment officially
commended for valorous deeds in the battle of
Chipilly ridge was the 131st infantry, formerly
the 1st Illinois infantry, from Chicarro. The
regiment was commanded by Col. Joseph B.
Sanborn.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
616
Fall of Montdidier.
Montdidier was taken by- the French on
Aug. 10 and further ground was gained. The
British also continued to advance and by the
llth the allies had taken 36,000 prisoners,
including: 1,000 officers, and had captured
more than 500 guns. It was a heavy blow
and even the Deutsches Zeitung of Berlin was
compelled to say: "The events between the
Somme and the Avre constitute the first seri-
ous defeat of the war."
On the Oise-Aisne front Gen. Mangin's 10th
French army delivered an attack on Aug.
19-20 which netted 8,000 prisoners and liber-
ated many towns. In the Lys salient to the
north the British also advanced several miles.
On the 21st Lassigny was taken by the
French. This was the cornerstone of the
German position south of the Avre liver after
the fall of Montdidier. At the same time
Gen. Haig- attacked on a ten mile front from
Arras to Albert, advanced about three miles
and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. On
Aug. 24 the British captured Thiepval and
Bray and reached the vicinity of Bapaume.
On the 26th Canadian troops captured Wan-
court, Monchy-le-Preux and pressed on be-
yond. By the 28th the French had taken
Chaulnes and Nesle.
Battle of Juvigny.
Accompanied by a fleet of tanks and 2ov-
ered by a heavy artillery barrage, the Amer-
ican troops swept forward early on Aug. 29
against the German lines on the Juvigny
plateau. The battle was thus described by
a correspondent:
"The Americana took the village of Juvigny
after bitter resistance. Their positions extend-
ed north toward Chavigny late this afternoon,
when the battle had developed into one of the
most desperate in which Americans had yet
fought. The Yankees' advance was slowed
up by the bitter defense of the Germans as
the afternoon advanced. The German posi-
tions were shelled most vigorously by heavy
guns, mortars and light pieces, firing almost
point blank, as well as by long range naval
guns, which searched the positions far and
near. And then the infantry advanced.
"Up over the plateau the infantrymen went
toward Juvigny and across the little railroad
running north and south. The Germans im-
mediately began to employ the tactics of sim-
ilar retreats, leaving their rear defended by a
line of machine guns hidden behind every
clump of brush, promontory and woods. Only
a few detachments of infantry were left, the
army again adopting measures calculated to
save the most men possible. From Couronne
woods and another little wood standing like
Bcntinels behind Juvigny and the American
lines the German guns delivered a deadly
crossfire. Juvigny is only a village, but, lo-
cated along the side of a hill, it offered a
peculiar opportunity for defense, until the
advancing forces moved into positions from
which they were able to make it untenable.
The resistance then stopped, the Germans
retiring farther east into more broken, ground."
On the same day that the Americans took
Juvigny the French captured Noyon, an im-
portant center for which there had been se-
vere fighting. The British reached the west
bank of the Somme, opposite Brie and Peronne,
and captured Bapaume. On Aug. 3l the Brit-
ish announced that the whole of the Lys
salient, including- the famous Mont Kemmel,
the "key to Ypres " had been taken. On Sept.
1 they captured Peronne, Bullecourt and St.
Denis. On the same day Americans for the
first time fought on Belgian soil and captured
Voormezeele. On Sept. 2 the British pierced
the Drocourt-St. Queant "switch line" and
began a drive toward Douai and Cambrai.
By the 4th they had crossed the Canal du
Nord. At the same time the Germans evacu-
ated Lens. On this day the Germans were
retreating on a front of 130 miles from Ypres
south to Noyon. They withdrew before tho
Americans in the Vesle region. On Sept. 6
the French took Ham and began a drive on
La Fe're. By the 9th the Germans had been
dyven back to the original Hindenburg line,
where their resistance began to strengthen.
Enemy's Effort Spent.
On Sept. 10 Field Marshal Haig issued the
following order of the day to the British
armies in France:
"One month has now passed since the Brit-
ish armies, having successtully withstood all
the attacks of the enemy, once more took
the offensive in their turn. In that short
space of time, by a series of brilliant and
skillfully executed actions, we have repeated iy
dcfeated the same German armies who^o
vastly superior numbers compelled our retreat
last spring. What has happened on the fc;u-
ish front has happened also on the front of
our allies.
"Already we have pressed beyond our old
battle lines of 1917 and have made a wide
breach in the enemy's strongest defenses.
"In this glorious accomplishment all 'anks.
arms and services of the British armies in
France have borne their part in the most
worthyt and honorable manner.
"The capture of 75.000 prisoners and 750
guns in the course of four weeks' fighting
speuks for the magnitude of your efforts and
the magnificence of your achievement.
"We have passed through many dark days
together. Please God, these never will re-
turn. The enemy has now spent his effort
and we rely confidently upon each one of you
to turn to full advantage the opportunity your
skill, courage and resolution have created."
Battle of St. Mihiel.
Sept. 12 will always be a red letter day in
the American military annals, for it was on
that day that the 1st army under the leader-
snip of Gen. Pershing won the first really
large operation undertaken by the expedi-
tionary force in France. This was the attack
on and wiping1 out of the famous. St. Mihiel
salient. A dispatch, written on the first day
of the attack described it as follows:
"The attack, which started early this morn-
ing, extended on the southern side for a dis-
tance of twelve miles, f*om St. Mihiel north-
eastward to Pont-arMousson and northward
from. St. Mihiel for a distance of eight miles.
"French troops, co-ope'-ating with the Amer-
icans and under Gen. Pershing's direction,
struck at the southein point of the salient at
St. Mihiel. The offensive, the first under-
taken on a pretentious scale by the Amer-
icans, was planned by the American staff and
is being executed by American officers and
troops. Tanks, artillery, airplanes, even down
to the narrow gauge roads rushing forward
ammunition — all are manned by Americans.
"To the east of St. Mihiel the Americans
have captured Thiaucourt, Pannes and Noneard.
North of St. Mihiel. Gen. Pershing's men have
taken Combres and have reached the western
outskirts of Donmartin La Montaigne, about.
six or seven miles up toward Verdun, as well
as Les Eparges and the neighboring hills, it
is reported.
"The attack was launched this morning at
5 o'clock after a tornado o.f artillery prepara-
tion which lasted four hours. Light, medium
and heavy artillery swept the German posi-
tions with gas, high explosives and shrapnel
shells. The entire triangle for miles back was
an inferno of blasting metal, fairly smother-
ing the enemy positions.
"In many cases smoke screens were used to
add to the demoralization of the boche and to
render uncertain the aim of his machine gun-
ners.
"Promptly at the zero hour the American
troops left their trenches: some deployed as
skirmishers where the nature of the ground
permitted, others in platoon formation, wave
following wave. There was not a hitch along
the entire line. The infantry advance was
synchronized with the artillery behind an in-
tense rolling barrage timed for an advance Of
100 meters every four minutes.
616
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
"When the infantry started to advance a
perfect storm of aerial missiles was loosed
over the German rear lines to supplement the
devastation of the artillery.
"Railroad centers, bridges, hangars, munition
supply centers, billeting areas and everything
of value were subjected to an intense rain of
bombs dropped by American aviators.
"Within a comparatively short time reports
came back through liaison officers and signal
corps centers that the advance was moving1
with clocklike regularity. The first objectives
early were reached, and the troops, whose
fighting1 is described as magnificent, stormed
ahead to the next objective.
"In many instances the progress was so
rapid that the troops reached their designated
points ahead of schedule, and it was necessary
to readjust the artillery fire. Soon after their
progress was such that the order came back
Irom the observation stations for the artillery
to move forward. While certain batteries
speeded up their fire, others hastily hooked up
and. with horses galloping, rolled forward to
new positions.
"The tanks did splendid service. Heavy con-
crete 'pill boxes.' sheltering machine guns,
were encountered at frequent intervals, as well
as other naturally strong machine gun em-
placements. These the American manned tanks
put out of action, either by direct fire or by
charging over them, killing the crews and
wrecking the pieces. Heavy belts of barbed
wire also were torn apart for the advance of
the infantry.
"After the first hour there was never a
question of who held supremacy in the air.
At the outset of the assault there were a few
boche flyers aloft, but within a few minutes
they had been crashed by the American pilots
or were speedily winging their way toward the
rear lines.
"This left the American observation planes
free to check and direct the artillery file
without molestation, while the heavy bombers
worked without interference save for anti-
aircraft guns, many of which were soon lo-
cated and put out of action by the American
light artillery.
"The enemy artillery fire fluctuated in inten-
sity and accuracy. At some points the Ger-
man heavies responded with a strong fire at
first, while at other places the 'arriving' shells
were infrequent and fired spasmodically. The
enemy artillery at no time was able to in-
terrupt the infantry schedule, and on the
whole was altogether ineffective.
"As the action progressed the enemy's big
gam fire dwindled, indicating that the Ger-
mans, aroused by the progress of the Yankees,
were withdrawing their heavies for fear of
losing them.
"Prisoners declared they had" been expecting
a drive by Gen. Perching- some place east of
Verdun, but were uncertain as to the exact
sector in which it would be made. They ex-
plain the recent raids made by their troops
and the bonuses offered for American pris-
oners had been actuated by the desire of the
commanders to keep track of the American
units in the line in this region and the sec-
tors farther east.
"The first village fell into the hands of the
Americans within forty-five minutes, and from
then on came reports of other villages that
had been occupied.
"Meanwhile American cavalry -was waiting
at advantageous points for the order to move.
When it seemed that the infantry had secured
a sufficient break-through the horse troops
galloped oft along the hilly roads of this
region and soon were reported operating sev-
eral miles. to the north, where they seized and
held important places, ready to cut down flee-
ing enemy soldiers or to intercept the move-
ment of reserves toward th° front.
"By the 13th the St. Mihiel salient had
been wiped out and the enemy is now virtu-
ally with his back on the famous Wotan Hin-
dcnburg line, with the American and French
forces paralleling him from Verdun to the
Moselle."
Battles in Argonne Forest.
Gen. Pershing's troops continued fightinff
steadily and systematically advancing here and
there and wearing- out the Germans by a
steady pressure. On Sept. 26 after due prepa-
ration they began another offensive, attack-
ing along a front of twenty miles Irom the
Meuse westward through the Argonne forest.
The start of this battle, which developed into
one of the bloodiest in the war for the Amer-
icans, was described thus by an Associated
Press correspondent:
"The Americans attacked on a front from
the Meuse river northwest of Verdun through
the Argonne front to the Aisne. This front
is northwest of the lines established by the
Americans after wiping out the St. .Mihiel ea-
*^t' was the St. Mihiel victory— Gen. Per-
shing's first great drive — that made possible to-
day's offensive, because it freed the allies of
flank attack from the old St. Mihiel salient
and opened UP necessary communications to
supply the troops north and west of Verdun.
"The battle was opened with a terrific bom-
bardment of the German lines, lasting- eleven
hours. The last hour of shelling consisted
of intensive drum fire barrage,
"In a thick fog, at 5:30 o'clock this morning.
Americans and French went over the top.
"Resistance at first was rather weak, but
stiffened sharply as the Americans and French
advanced. The Germans, according to all in-
dications, were expecting- the attack, and as
the bombardment proceeded, withdrew a large
part of their troops to rear positions.
"Evidently fearing loss of artillery, they
also withdrew their cannon, leaving only ma-
chine gunners to harass the advance. As a
result the losses of Americans and French
^ "Pennsylvania', Kansas and Missouri troops
of Maj.-Gen. Liggett'a corps took Varennes,
Montblainville, Vauauois and Cheppy by storm.
"Other American corps fought their way
across Forges brook, northwest of Verdun, and
captured the Bois de Forges. They wresva
from the enemy the towns of Malancourt.
Bethincourt. Montfaucon Cuisy Nantillos.
Septsarges. Danneoux and Gercourt-et-Drillan-
court. Prisoners began coming back soon
after the attack opened, and before nightfall
the Americans had counted more than o.OOO.
Break Hindenburg Line.
On Sept. 29 British and American troops
smashed through the Hindenburg line at its
strongest point between Cambrai and St. Quen-
tin and advanced several miles beyond it.
British troops entered the suburbs of Cambrai
and outflanked St. Quentin. Many large towns
and scores of villages were freed of the in-
vader Twenty-two thousand1 prisoners and
more than 300 guns vere captured. Mean-
while the Belgian army to the north tore a
great hole in the German lines running from
Dixmude. ten miles from the North sea, soutn-
Dix'mude was caotured and the Belgians
pressed eastward, winning many important,
towns and heights, until they were within two
miles of Roulers. the center of communica-
tions for the German lines in the whole of
Flanders and for the German submarine bases
of Ostend and Zeebrugrg-e. The Belgians cap-
tured 5.500 men and 300 guns.
"The breaking of the Hindenburg- line below
Cambrai was accomplished by one of the most
remarkable feats of the war." wrote a corre-
spondent. "The attack began when one Eng-
lish division crossed the wide and deep Scheldt
canal near Belleglise on floats, raits and im-
provised bridges, storming the line on the
heights to the east. While they were sweep-
ing over these lines and up the rising ground
to the east, other troops crossed to the north
and soiith to give support. It was a surprise
for the Germans and the success is measured
by the swiftness of the advance, once the
canal was crossed.
"Town after town fell until the city ol
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
617
Cambrai was passed both, on the north and
the south.
"The Canadian troops rushed down from the
northwest to be the first to enter the cuy
and soon won their way into the northwestern
suburbs, but it is doubtful that they were the
victors in the race, as almost at the same
time the 63d naval division entered the south-
ern outskirts.
''The staare where the American troops took
part in the world drama was a little to the
north of where the British divisions, swam
the river. At this point the canal is tun-
neled underground. The Americans advanced
against the main Hindenburgr line and cap-
tured the towns of Bellecourt and Naury. The
Americans who made this advance were from
New York, Tennessee and North and South
Carolina."
Tribute to Americans.
"Never in this war have we seen keener or
braver soldiers or more intelligent, high mind-
ed men than the two divisions in the fighting
north of St. Quentin," wrote the official cor-
respondent with the Australian forces in
Trance in describing the American assault on
the Hindenburff line in the direction of Jon-
court on Sunday. "Some day, when the full
story of this battle can be told, the American
people will thrill with pride in these mag-
nificent troops upon whom a tremendous task
fell. They were faced by the most formi-
dable task that could be imposed upon them —
the breaking of two double systems of the
greatest defense line the German empire ever
constructed.
"On the left of their attack there was some
uncertainty regarding the situation and this
increased the difficulty of their W9rk, yet these
troops, working under the enthusiasm of their
high ideals, carried through their assault, pene-
trated deeper even than had been intended
and delivered a blow which attracted the
greater part of the enemy's resistance. Be-
yond all Question they made it possible to
break the great defensive line in a position
of the utmost importance to the allied cause."
Early in October the Germans began evacu-
ating Lille and other towns in northern France
and in Belgium and to remove their heavy
artillery from the Belgian coast. On Oct. 3
the French launched three drives — one north
of St. Quentin. another north of Reims and a
third to the east in Champagne. All were
successful, netting much territory and many
prisoners.
On Oct. 4 the Americans resumed the attack
west of the Meuse and advanced their lines
from one to three miles, taking Hill 240 and
the villages of Gesnes. FleviUe. Chehery and
La Forges. In the face of heavy artillery
and machine gun fire, troops from Illinois,
Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Vir-
finia forced the Germans back to the so called
riemhilde line. In the Champagne American
and French troops struck to the north and
west, capturing St. Souplet and other places,
this success having been made possible by the
previous capture of Blanc Mont with some
3,000 prisoners. On the 6th the Americans
captured St. Ktienne. On Oct. 9 the Americans
pressed on to the southern outskirts of Xivry
and entered Chaune wood. In tbe course of
the operation they took 2.000 prisoners.
On the same day (Oct. 9) the dispatches
from the front told of the first great, clean
break through the Hindenburg system on the
west. The armies of Field Marshal Haig,
under Gens. Horne, Byng and Rawlinson, re-
enforced by American divisions, swept through
a twenty-mile gap torn in the enemy defenses.
At its deepest points the advance, led by cav-
alry, swept from nine to twelve miles beyond
the Cambrai-Le Catelet-St. Quentin line and al-
most reached the line of the La Selle and Sam-
bre rivers. Caudry. Clary. Bohain a.nd a score
of villages were freed. The advancing victori-
ous divisions marched unopposed through the
towns hastily deserted by the fleeing- enemy.
Le Cateau was taken by the British Oct. 10
and the advance was continued all along the
line practically on the whole front. The en-
emy was forced to give UP his positions north
of the Suippe and the Arnes: on the llth
French cavalry entered Laneauville. The Ar-
gonne forest was finally cleaned up by the
Americans and not a German remained in that
great wooded area which .had been the scene
of such sanguinary fighting.
Congratulated by Rawlinson.
On Oct. 12 Gen. Sir Henry Rawlinson. com-
manding the British 4th army, with which an
American division had been operating, sent to
the general commanding the division, compris-
ing troops from Tennessee and the Carolinas,
the following telegram:
"On this occa-sion I desire to convey to you
and all the members of the staff, as well as
all other ranks of the division, my
heartiest congratulations on your victory.
"The gallantry of your infantry and the pre-
cision with which the staff arrangements
worked fill me with admiration and it has
given me great pleasure to report your un-
qualified success to Field Marshal Sir Douglas*
Haig."
Capture of La Fere.
French troops on Oct. 13 captured the for-
tress of La Fere, the strongest -point on the
whole of the south end of the old Hindenburg
line. They also entered Laon and occupied
the forest of St. Gobain.
In the north French troops captured Roulers
on the 14th while the Belgians captured Hage-
brook. Gitsberg -and Beverein, with 3,000 pris-
oners. On Oct. 15 the Americans took and
passed St. Juvin after desperate fighting-.
Taking of Grandpre.
The American troops on Oct. 16 occupied
the town of Grandpre. on the north bank of
the Aire river, north of the Argonne forest.
Grandpre is only a villag-e and its normal pop-
ulation is less than l.oOO, but the place is
of great strategic importance. It was the
junction of the railways feeding a great part
of the German army. After their long strug-
gle for mastery in the Argonne woods, the
Americans moved several companies of in-
fantry over the Aire river, which cuts across
the northern end of the wood south of Grand-
pre, and under cover of heavy artillery fire
moved, almost without stopping, along the
eastern fiank of the position and into the
town.
On the western side the French had ad-
vanced along the roads, making possible a
junction of the American 1st army and the
French 4th army.
German Retreat in Belgium.
By this time (Oct. 16) it was made clear
that the Germans had started a retreat on a
tremendous scale from northern Belgium.
French cavalry approached Thielt, seven milts
from the banks of the Ghent-Bruges canal.
The canal itself is only ten miles from the
border of Holland. So fast was the enemy
retreating that the French. British and Bel-
gian infantry, at least in the center of the
battle front, lost touch entirely with the enemy.
The Belgians, advancing astride the Thourout-
Bruges and Thourout-Ostend ropds, defeated
the Germans, who retreated rapidly.
Bruges and Ostend Taken.
Oct. 17 was a day of rejoicing for the allies,
for Belgian cavalry entered Bruges. Zeebrugge
was abandoned, the British occupied Ostend.
Lille was taken, practically undamaged, while
the Germans, farther south, evacuated Douai.
King Albert and Queen Klizabeth entered Os-
tend the same day.
Northeast of Bohain American and British
troops, attacking over a nine mile front,
gained nearly three miles at points. These
advances were made despite seven German di-
visions hurled against them. Some 3,000 pris-
oners were taken.
The Americans on Oct. 11 advanced north of
Romagne, taking Bantheville without artil-
618
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
lery preparation. The Americans pushed the
German Infantry and machine gunners back
alter fighting- that lasted all day.
Northwest of Grandpre the Americans cap-
tured Talma farm, in the face of a stiff ma-
chine srun resistance. There was much fighting
at close quarters throughout the day.
Praised by Field Marshal Haig.
High praise was given to the 27th and 30th
divisions of the 2d American army by Field
Marshal Haig in a special communique de-
voted to their exploits issued Oct. 19. He
said of these divisions:
"During the course of the last three weeks
the 27th and 30th divisions of the 2d Amer-
ican army, co-operating with the 4th British
army, have participated with great gallantry,
and success in three or more offensives and
a number of lesser attacks.
"In the last three days the two divisions
have fought their way forward to the high
ground west of the Sambre-Oise canal, repuls-
ing1 many counterattacks and advancing five
miles. They took 5,000 prisoners and many
guns."
Valenciennes, the last city of importance re-
maining in German hands in French Flanders,
was reached by the British Oct. 20 and on the
following day they drove through strong Ger-
man defenses over a fifteen mile front ex-
tending from Valenciennes down to a point east
of Le Cateau. Nearly a dozen villages were
taken in the advance.
Victories Unbroken.
On Oct. 23 American troops captured strongr-
ly fortified hills in the Meuse region and took
Tamla farm and the village of Bellejoyeuse
northwest of Grandpre. Victories continued to
be announced from day to day on all parts of
the front. Sometimes they were of comparai
lively little importance, but oftener they re-
corded decisive triumphs over large forces of
the enemy. Armistice negotiations had been
begun before this, but the allies on the one
hand were pressing their advantage to the ut-
most, while the Germans in response to ap-
peals from Marshal von Hindenourg. the
crown prince and other leaders were resisting
the best they could.
One of the last heavy battles In which the
Americans took part was that on Nov. 1.
•when the 1st army took Champigneulle and
Landres-et-St. Georges after a heavy artillery
preparation. Their advance on this occasion
and previously enabled them to threaten the
enemy's most important line of communica-
tion, for which reason the opposition to them
was stubborn. Valenciennes was finally taken
by the British Nov. 2. Gen. Haig's forces then
pressed on forward toward Maubeuge. On
Nov. 4 the Americans reached Stenay and on
the 6th they crossed the Meuse. By the 7th
they entered Sedan, the place made famous by
the downfall of Nap Icon III. in the war of
1870. On other part of the American front
the enemy retreated so fast that the infantry
had to resort to motor cars to keep in touch
with the foe. It was the same on the other
fronts. By Nov. 10 Brussels was within range
of Gen. Haig's guns. Here is the description
pi the last day's fighting on Nov. 11 as given
in an Associated Press dispatch:
Final Fight by Americans.
"Thousands of American heavy guns fired
the parting shot to the Germans at exactly
11 o'clock this morning. The line reached by
the American forces at 11 o'c'ock to-day was
being staked out this afternoon. The Ger-
mans hurled a few shells into Verdun just be-
fore 11 o'clock.
"On the entire American front, from the
Moselle to the region of Sedan, there was ar-
tillery activity in the morning all the bat-
teries preparing for the final salvos.
"At many, batteries 'the artillerists joined
hands, forming a long line as the lanyard of
the final shot. There were a few seconds of
silence PS the shells shot through the heavy
mist. Then the gunners cheered. American
flags were raised by the soldiers over their dug-
outs and guns and at the various headquar-
ters. Northeast of Verdun the American in-
fantry began to advance at 9 o'clock this
morning after artillery preparation in the di-
rection of Ornes.
"The German artillery responded feebly, but
the machine gun resistance was stubborn.
Nevertheless, the Americans made progress.
The Americans had received orders to hold
the positions reached by 11 o'clock, and at
those points they began to dig in, marking the
advanced positions of the American line when
hostilities ceased. Along the American front
the eleventh hour was like awaiting the ar-
rival of a new year. The gunners continued
to fire, counting1 the shells as the time ap-
proached. The infantry were advancing glanc-
ing at their watches. The men holding at
other places organiz:d their positions to make
themselves more secure.
"Then the individual groups unfurled the
stars and stripes, sho^k hands and cheered.
Soon afterward they were preparing for lunch-
eon. All the boys we:e hungry, as they had
breakfasted early in anticipation of what they
considered the greatest day in American his-
tory."
Last French Communique.
The last French communique was as follows:
"In the fifty-second month of a war with-
out precedent in history, the French army,
with the aid of the allies, has achieved the
defeat of the enemy.
"Our troops, animated by the purest spirit
of sacrifice, and giving, during four years of
uninterrupted fighting, a sublime example of
endurance and heroism daily, have fulfilled
the task confided to them by the mother coun-
try, meeting at times with indomitable energy
the enemy's assaults and at other times them-
selves attacking', thus bringing victory.
"They have, after a decisive offensive of
four months, thrown into disorder, beaten and
thrown out of France the powerful German
army. They have compelled it to beg for
peace.
"All the conditions required for the suspen-
sion of hostilities having been accepted by the
enemy, an armistice came into force to-day_at
11 o'clock."
Last British Report.
Field Marshal Haier sent the following- re-
port to the British war office on the evening
of Nov. 11:
"Shortly toefore dawn this morning Canadian
troops of the 1st army under Gen. Home cap-
tured Mons.
"At the cessation of hostilities this morning1
we had reached the general line of the Franco-
Belgian frontier, east of Avesnes. Jeumont,
Xivry. four miles east of Mons. Chievres. Lies-
sines and Grammont."
Part Played by American Soldiers.
In a brief review of the part played by the
American troops in the fighting on the front
in France. Junius B. Wood, correspondent of
The Daily News attached to the expeditionary
forces from the start, cabled Nov. 13. 1918.
two days after the signing of the armistice:
"Gen. Pershing's offer to throw in the Amer-
ican troops wherever Marshal Foch deemed it
necessary was taken advantage of continually.
The French also put in a certain number of
their own divisions under the command of the
Americans, but they were inconsiderable.
"European newspapers mentioned American
troops as assisting in the latest Belgian ac-
tivities in Flanders. Military reasons have
made it inadvisable to disclose the exact num-
ber of these troops, but they may be roughly
indicated by the fact that the Belgian fighting
force was composed of rather more than three
Americans to every four Belgians.
"The Americans in the French. British and
Italian armies were much less numerous in
proportion to the total strength of the men of
those nations. However, in these days when
the fighting strength of armies is computed in
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
619
millions of men. it may be said that the fight-
ing strensrth of the Americans in Europe was
not far from half of that of the French and
British combined.
"One thing -clearly stands out. When Ameri-
can divisions were included in the French and
British armies they invariably received their
full share of the figrhting- against the enemy.
Time after time these fresh young' soldiers
from across the Atlantic were either the driv-
ing1 wedsre in the allied attacks or the center
around which the others rallied to withstand
the German onslaughts. In either case they
acquitted themselves nobly of their task.
"This policy was started when the American
1st division was put in north of Montdidier on
April 26. It was the division which was then
the best trained American unit in France and
it was used as the driyirur wedge in the attack
to cut off the Montdidier salient. This is a
piece of history which hitherto has not been
told. The French realized that the Americans
were keen to show their valor and that it was
a gallant thing- to offer the Americans an op-
portunity to cover their arms with glory. The
German offensive interfered with that plan and
all the division did was to capture Cantigny,
which was the first American offensive opera-
"On June 1 the 3d division, composed of a
brigade of marines and a , brigade of infantry
resting near Gisors, received maps showing: the
billeting' villages on the different nights when
they were to march north to relieve the 1st
division. On the same night a countermand-
ing' order came to prepare instantly to take
motor trucks for a secret destination.
"Before daylight thousands of French motor
trucks driven by Chinese entered the different
villages and loaded up. The next afternoon
the division was in the midst of a fight with
the German wave that was sweeping toward
Paris. The 2d division met the Germans on
that Sunday afternoon at Le Thillot-Faure
crossroads on the national highway between
Chateau Thierry and Paris.
"The fight which fell to the lot of this Amer-
ican division was the higii water mark of the
hitherto successful German offensive of 1918.
The fighting at Belleau wood. Vaux and Torcy
followed.
"On the same day the 3d division and the
28th division, which were training in the area,
helped the French to hold back the Germans
at the bridgehead of Chateau Thierry on the
western bank of the Marne. These gallant
fights, where the young American soldiers re-
ceived their baptism of blood, told at that
time, as well as in the days of bitter fighting
by the 2d division, before the Germans real-
ized that their advance had been halted.
"War-tired Europe sparred lor breath until
July 15. when the Germans launched their
last offensive. The American 42d (Rainbow)
division received the brunt of the attack north
of Chalons-sur-Marne. The French largely
outnumbered all the others on the long battle
front, though British and Italian units and the
93d American division, composed of negro in-
fantry from Chicae-o. New York. Washington.
South Carolina. Ohio, Maryland. Tennessee and
Mississippi, were involved. The allied line
never budged and Germany was on the de-
fensive from that time on.
"Before the Germans had time to catch their
breath the great allied offensive of July 18
was launched and turned the tide of the war.
The 1st and 2d American divisions were again
selected as the driving- force. With a Moroc-
can division between them and with other
French divisions on either side they smashed
in opposite Soissons at daybreak, while other
American divisions, co-operating on the Cha-
teau Thierry side of the salient, started ham-
mering. Before the Aisne was reached after
weeks of fighting- the 3d. 4th. 26th, 28th, 32d
42d and 77th American divisions had taken
part.
"Divisions trained with the British were in
the meantime getting action on the northern
front. Tb^. Participation of the 33d division
in the fighting at Hamel and Albert won the
personal praise of King George. Real fighting-
on the British front fell to the 27th and;
30th divisions early in October, when they
with a portion of the British forces were-
breaking the Hindenburg line across the CanaL
du Nord. The British took the outer works-
and the Americans swept over the main de-
fenses. Australians who took part in the-
action on the following day said it was the*-
hardest battle in their entire four years of
desperate fighting.
"The American divisions rapidly rounded into
shape and the 1st army was organized, with,
Gen. Pershing in command, just before it
nipped off the St. Mihiel salient on Sept. 12.
This salient had been a troublesome thorn in
the side of France for four years. The 52d.
89th. 42d and 1st divisions, with the 2d divi-
sion in reserve, attacked on the south side of
the salient. The 26th division, accompanied
by the 15th French division and the 2d French
cavalry, struck the hitherto impregnable-
Eparges on the north side. This brilliant oper-
ation, which was entirely American, waa com-
pleted in twenty-two hours, when the French,
entered St. Mihiel.
"Then on Oct. 3, almost on the identical spot
north of Chalons where the 42d division
three months earlier had. stopped the German
drive, the American 2d division was the center-
or driving- wedge in the French attack which,
forced the Germans back pellmell and liberated
Reims and later Laon. with many square miles
of country.
"The rest of the fighting came in the last
offensive, when the Americans were given the
toughest spot on the entire line between Swit-
zerland and the North sea — the hinge position
pivoting on Verdun and swinging- from the
Mouse to the Aisne. The 33d. 18th. 4th. 79th.
37th. 91st, 35th. -28th and 77th divisions made
the initial attack on Sept. 26, with the 3d, 32d
and 92d divisions in support. Later in the
days of fighting the 1st, 5th. 26th. 29th. 42d.
78th. 82d. and 90th divisions took their places
"In the 'midst of all this fighting; some of
these divisions and other new divisions were
transferred to the 2d army, which had then
been formed."
Determining Cause of Victory.
Gen. Pershing, in the name of President Wil-
son, presented the distinguished service medal
to Marshal J9ffre, the victor of the Marne, the>
ceremony taking place in Paris, N.OV. 13. 1918,
Gen. Pershing said:
"This medal is a symbol of our respect for
your noble character and of our admiration
for the great task you accomplished. Your
name will always be associated with the re-
sults we have obtained."
Marshal Joffre in thanking- Gen. Pershing"
"I 'am proud to have been the godfather of
the noble American army which was the de-
termining cause of our victory. I love the
American soldiers as though they were mine."
Negotiations for Armistice.
Long before the last shots were fired in the
war the Germans, seeing that there could be-
but one outcome to the conflict, asked for
terms of an armistice. On Oct. 3 Chancellor-
von Hertling1 resigned his office and was suc-
ceeded by Prince Maximilian of Baden, who
immediately set about getting- peace for his-
sorely tried country. He announced his policy
to the reichstag and on Oct. 5 he addressed a
note to President Wilson asking him to ac-
quaint all the belligerents with Germany's re-
quest for an armistice. (That note and other
official proceedings leading up to the prep-
iration of armistice terms by the supreme war
council of the allies in Versailles will be
found in full in this volume beginning- on
page 450. Some additional details will be
riven here of the meeting of the armistice
plenipotentiaries at Marshal Foch's headquar-
ters and the events immediately preceding and
succeeding it.)
On Oct. 29 the supreme war council and its^
military advisers had agreed iipon tentative-
armistice terms; a resume of which was sent-
«20
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
to President Wilson lor his approval. The
men attending the conferences at which the
decisions were reached divided the work into
three sections. One attended 'by Premier Lloyd
George and Foreign Minister BaLfour of
Britain. Premier Orlando and Foreign Minister
Sonnino of Italy, Col. E. M. House, represent-
ing1 the United States, and the leaders of the
French g-overnment. dealt with the whole ques-
tion in a broad manner. A second section
•dealt with the strictly military questions.
The United States representative on this was
Gen. Tasker Bliss. A third conference dealt
"with naval affairs, and Admiral Benson and.
Vice-Admiral Sims of the American navy took
part in this with the representatives of all the
-allied navies.
The first formal meeting- of the representa-
tives of the entente powers took place Oct. ol.
An informal conference took place at the
home of Col. E. M. House. President Wilson's
personal representative, in the forenoon prior
to the assembling- at Versailles. Among1
others present were M. Clemenceau and M.
Pichon, respectively the French premier and
foreign minister: Sis. Orlando and Baron Son-
nino. Italian premier and foreign minister, and
David Lloyd Georee. the British prime minis-
ter. In addition to the French. Italian and
British representatives. Dr. M. R. Vesnitch, the
Serbian minister to France, and Eleutherios
Venizelos. the Greek premier, attended. The
Americans present, in addition to Col. House,
were Arthur H. Frazier. secretary of the Amer-
ican embassy: Joseph C. Grew and Gordon
Auchincloss. who acted as secretaries for Col.
House: Gen. Tasker H. Bliss. United States
representative in the war council, with Gen.
tiockridgre and Col. Wallace as secretaries, and
Admiral Benson, with Commander Carter and
Lieutenant Commander .Russell as his secre-
taries. The last to amve at the conference
•was Marshal Foch. He was alone, without
aid or orderly.
At Versailles the business was over in a cou-
ple of hours and a long- line of automobiles
with the representatives of the powers re-
turned to Paris.
Terms Are Drafted.
On Nov. 1 another conference took place
soon after noon. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, rep-
resentative of the United States, was the first
delegate to reach the Trianon palace, arriving-
at 1 :50 p. m. He :was followed shortly after-
ward by Premier Clemenceau, Marshal Foch,
Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haisr, Col. E. M.
House, President Wilson's personal representa-
tive, and David Lloyd George, the British
prime minister.
The session was held in the large chamber
•on the main floor of the Trianon palace, with
windows overlooking- the garden. The hall
had little ornamentation beyond a marble
clock and candelabr-i upon a mantel topped
with massive mirre -s. Immediately in front
of this extended a wide mahoguny table the
entire length of the room, with the members
facing- one another on two sides. Col. House
sat on the left side next to Premier Orlando
of Italy, with Premier Clemenceau directly
opposite.
The deliberations proceeded with complete
privacy. Guards along- the Boulevard of the
<Jueen kept the crowds from approaching- the
iron pate leading1 to the palace. After several
sessions the armistice terms were drafted and
signed at Versailles Nov. 4, complete harmony
naving- been reached by the conferees. (These
terms will be found on page 458 of this
volume.) On Nov. 5 President Wilson notified
the German government that Marshal Foch,
commander of the allies' armies in the field,
was authorized and ready to receive accredited
representatives to whom hfe would communicate
the terms of armistice agreed upon by the su-
preme war council at Versailles. (The text
of this note will be found on pagre 455. this
volume.)
Germany Sends Envoys.
On the evening of Nov. 7, the following- in-
formation was officially published in Paris:
"There was received the seventh of Novem-
ber at 12:30 a. m. the following- from the
German hign command by order of the Ger-
man government to Marshal Foch:
" The German government, having- been in-
formed through the president of the United
States that Marshal Foch had received powers
to receive accredited representatives of the Ger-
man BTOvernment and communicate to them
conditions of an armistice, the following- pleni-
potentiaries have been named by it:
" 'Mathias Erzberger. Gen. H. K. A. Winter-
feld. Count Alfred von Oberndorff. Gen. von
Gruenell and Naval Captain von Salow.
I' 'The plenipotentiaries request that they be
informed by wireless of the place where they
can meet Marshal Foch. They will proceed by
automobile with subordinates of the staff to
the place thus appointed.'
Orders were given to cease fire on the
front at 3 p. m.. until further orders.
"On Nov. 7. at 1:25 a. m.. Marshal Foch
sent the following- to the German command:
If the German plenipotentiaries desire to
meet Marshal Foch and ask him for an ar-
mistice they will present themselves to the
French outposts by the Chimay-Fourmies-La
Capelle-Guise road. Orders have been given to
receive them and conduct them to the spot
fixed lor the meeting-.'
"A German wireless dispatch received Nov.
7. at 1 p. m.. said:
" 'German general headquarters to the allies'
general headquarters: The German command-*
er-in-chief to Marshal Foch: The German
Plenipotentiaries lor an armistice leave Spa
to-day. They will leave here at noon and
reach at 5 o'clock this alternopn the French
outposts by the Chimay-Fourmies-La Capelle-
Guise road. There will be ten persona in
all. headed by Secretary of State Erzberger.'
"The following- wireless dispatch in German
•was received at 1:50 p. m.:
" 'German general headquarters to the allied
general headquarters: The supreme German
command to Marshal Foch: From the German
outposts to the French outposts our delegation
will be accompanied by a road mending- com-
pany to enable automobiles to pass the La
Capelle road, which has been destroyed.'
"The following- wireless in German was re-
ceived at 6 p. m. :
•* 'The German supreme command to Marshal
Foch: By reason of delay the German dele-
gation will not be able to cross the outpost
until between 8 and 'lO o'clock to-nijrht at
Haudroy, two kilometers northeast of La Ca-
pelle.' "
In London on the same day it was an-
nounced that the British naval representative
at the armistice negotiations would be Sir
Rpsslyn Wemyss. first sea lord of the ad-
On Thursday, Nov. 7, a false report that
the armistice had been signed was sent broad--
cast and caused premature celebrations
throughout the world.
Delegates Meet French Marshal.
The following- official note was given out in
Paris on the afternoon of Nov. 8:
"The German delegates arrived this morning-
at Marshal Foch's headquarters. They made a
formal demand for an armistice. The text of
the conditions of the allies was read and de-
livered to them. They asked a cessation ol
arms. It was refused them. The enemy has
seventy-two hours to answer.
Marshal Foch reported that the German plen-
ipotentiaries arrived at his headquarters with
lull power from the chancellor.
Soon after Marshal Foch had presented the
allies* terms to the Germans the courier car-
rying- them started lor Spa. He was pre-
ceded by a wireless message from the German
delegates.
"From the German plenipotentiaries lor an
armistice to the imperial chancellor and the
German hierh command." the message read.
"Friday morning- at allied general headquarters
the plenipotentiaries received the condition-;
of an armistice, as well as a formal demand
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
621
ADVANCE. IN RUSSIA -
WESTERN RUSSIA AS IT APPEARED IN DECEMBER, 1918.
that they be accepted or refused within seven-
ty-two hours, expiring1 on Monday morning at
11 o'clock. French time.
"The German proposal for an immediate
conclusion and provisional suspension of llOS-
tilities was rejected by Marshal Foch.
"A German courier bearing' the text of the
conditions of the armistice has been sent to
Spa. no other means of communication being1
practicable.
"Please acknowledge receipt and send back
courier as soon as possible with your latest
instructions. Sending of fresh delegates is not
necessary for the moment."
The French wireless service also Rave out a
dispatch sent by Gen. Winterfeld of the Ger-
man armistice delegation to the German high
command, announcing- that the courier. Capt.
Kelldorff, would cross the lines between o
and S p. m., and that the French command
had taken measures for his safety.
Describing the arrival of> the German en-
voys at the French lines, the Intransigent
eaid the automobiles carried white flags and
were preceded by a trumpeter. Some French,
soldiers under an officer approached them on
the road just outside the line of the left wing1
of Gen. Debeney's army near La Capelle, at 10
o'clock on the evening oi Nov. 7.
The delegates established their identity and
showed their credentials. The eyes of the
members of the German party were then blind-
folded and the delegates proceeded to the place
where they spent the night, arriving- there
about 2 o'clock on the morning1 of Nov. 8.
The company of German road menders which,
accompanied the envoys did not cross the lines.
The party started early in the morning for the
French headauarters. arriving there at t
o'clock.
Gen. Winterfield and Gen. von Gruennel wore
•uniforms of the rank of general. Von Salow-
was in the uniform of an admiral of the fleet.
Mathias Erzberger and Count von Oberndora
were in plain civilian dress.
«22
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Historic Meeting Described.
The Paris correspondent of the London
Times described the historic meeting- somewhat
more in detail. He telegraphed on Nov. 10:
The German parlementaires did not reach
the French lines until after 9 o'clock on Thurs-
day evening", when the French party awaiting-
them near La Capelle saw three motor cars
advancing1, tog-ether with a working- party of
pioneers. The journey of the German dele-
fates had been exceedingly difficult. ...The
rench had lit up the road with searchlights
and flres.
"At La Capelle a French guard, tinder the
command of a superior officer, met the dele-
gates and scrutinized their papers, and a
French motor car with officers attached to the
German party, placed itself at the head of
the convoy, and another French staff car
brought up the rear. The mission proceeded
at once to the Chateau Francport, the proper-
ty of the Marauis de Laig-le, auite close to
Choisy-au-Bac, which had been set aside as
their residence. There members of Marsha;
Foch's staff met them.
"On Friday rrorning the delegates -were con-
ducted to Rethondes station, in the forest of
Compieg-ne, on the Compiegne-Soissons line,
•where Marshal Foch's special train was lying1-
Marshal Foch was accompanied by Gen. vvey-
g-and and Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss. first
sea lord. , ,, , ,
"Herr Erzberg-er at once informed Marshal
Poch that he had been instructed to ask for
an immediate suspension of hostilities. Mar-
shal Foch in reply informed them that this
request had been foreseen in the terms of the
armistice settled at Versailles and could not
be granted. With cold military precision Mar-
shal Foch then read the full text of those
"The delegates returned by car to their tem-
porary residence at Francport, and after a,
"brief consultation, requested authorization to
send a courier to German headquarters at Spa.
A wireless message was dispatched from the
Eiffel tower informing- the Germans of the
journey of this courier so as to obtain, a ces-
sation of fire along- the front in the neighbor-
hood of La Capelle to enable him to return .to
his lines. The bombardment, however, in-
creased in violence when he reached the front,
and in spite of all efforts by wireless to per-
suado the Germans to cease fire the b.ombard-
nient was maintained with great intensity
throughout the night. In the morning the
Germans suggested that it might be possible
to get their messenger to German headquar-
ters by airplane. The French high command
.at once agreed and the Germans, by wireless,
undertook that the French airplane, which
should bear two large white streamers, should
not be fired upon. A French airman was told
to get ready for this unique journey and al-
most immediately afterward a further wireless
came from the Germans announcing that the
orders given for the cessation of fire along
La Capelle road were going to be carried
out and that the German officer .could, there-
fore, proceed by road to his destination.
The German courier bearing- the text of the
armistice conditions arrived at German head-
quarters at 10 o'clock on Sunday morning.
Nov. 10. Capt. Helldorf was long- delayed,
while the German batteries persisted in bom-
barding the route he had to follow, but he
finally srot through.
Armistice Signed.
The new German government considered the
armistice conditions at a sitting- late Sunday
in Berlin. Having- decided to accept them, it
telephoned instructions from Berlin to Spa.
German headquarters, authorizing- the dele-
jrates to affix their signatures to the agree-
ment.
The c.ourier. -who was waiting at Spa. de-
parted immediately for the lines and crossed
them without incident north of Chimay. He
reached the Chateau de Francport at about 2
o'clock Monday morning- and found the Ger-
man plenipotentiaries waiting- for him. They
asked, after they had read their instructions,
to see Marshal Foch. who was in his special
train on a switch near the chateau.
Marshal Foch. with Admiral Sir Rosslyn
Wemyss. first lord of the British navy, re-
ceived them. A discussion took place upon
certain clauses, particularly that concerning
the maintenance of the blockade. The Ger-
man delegates signed the document at 5
o'clock. The news was immediately sent by
Jlegraph. cable, telephone and wireless to all
parts of the world, causing- one of the most
tremendous outbursts of enthusiasm in the
history of the world. In Paris and London the
celebration lasted three or four days.
Joy in Paris.
Scenes of the wildest enthusiasm were en-
acted in the chamber of deputies when Pre-
mier Clemenceau read the conditions of the
German armistice. The whole chamber rose
to greet the premier, while the galleries in
which was a predominance of soldiers in uni-
form and women, cheered for several minutes.
Prolonged cheering1 greeted the announce-
ment that Alsace-Lorraine would be occupied
and the name of Marshal F9ch, as the signer
of the document, was enthusiastically received.
The municipal council of Paris had the fol-
lowing posted on walls in all parts of the city:
Citizens, victory is here — triumphant vic-
tory! The vanquished enemy lays down his
arms. Blood ceases to flow. Let Paris
emerge from her ordered reserve. Let us give
free course to our joy and enthusiasm and
hold back our tears.
"Let us testify to our infinite gratitude to
our grand soldiers and their incomparable
chiefs by festooning- our houses in the colors
of France and our allies. Our dead can sleep
in peace. The sublime sacrifice they have
made for the future of their race and the sal-
vation of their country will not be in vain.
'The day of glory has come. Long live the
republic! Long- live immortal France!"
In London.
Waving1 flags and cheering, an enormous
crowd pressed into Downing street before noon
on the llth shouting "Lloyd George 1 Lloyd
George!" Finally the cheers and shouts
brought the premier and Andrew Bonar Law.
chancellor of the exchequer, to a second floor
window of the premier's residence. When they
appeared pandemonium ensued.
For five minutes the crowd cheered and
waved flag's frantically, and then they sang,
"For he's a jolly good fellow." The premier
stood passive and unsmiling, but his face was
serene. When order and silence had been se-
cured he began to speak, as follows:
"You are entitled to rejoice. The people of
this country and of their allies and the people
of our overseas dominions and of India have
won a glorious victory. It was the sons and
daughters of the people who have won it.
It is the most wonderful victory for liberty in
the history of the world. Let us thank God
lor it."
Premier Lloyd George bowed and disap-
peared. Chancellor Bonar Law. after kissing
his hand to the crowd as he pulled down the
window, moved away.
Hardly had the premier finished talking
when a long: file of shouting- soldiers — British.
Canadians, Australians. Americans, and a lew
from other allied countries — wedg-ed their way
through the throne: and managed to reach the
front of the premier's house, where they gave
him a great ovation.
A great multitude, waving flags, appeared
before Buckingham palace shortly before noon
and cheered until the king and queen. Princess
Mary and the duke of Connauslit appeared on
the balcony. The national anthem was sung
repeatedly by the crowd.
Speaking from the balcony. King George
said:
"With you I rejoice and thanl: God."
At the rdmiralty tb^re werp calls lor a
speech from Sir Eric Geddes, the first lord.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
628
MAP SHOWING RUSSIAN MILITARY SITUATION IN DECEMBER. 1918.
To the north (No. 1) the bolsheviki were and Samara. To the south (No. 3) they were
opposing' American and allied forces coming' fighting' the Cossacks on the Don river and in
south from Archangel along1 the Dvina river, the Astrakhan district. The British (No. 4)
To the east (No. '2) they had defeated the were establishing1 bases at the points shown.
Czecho-Slovak troops after the latter on their (No. 5) Kiev, capital of the Ukrainian re-
westward march had reached the Volga and public.
Kama rivers and taken the towns of Simbirsk
The crowds had collected there and hastily
improvised platforms were erected for the
first lord and the board of admiralty. Sir
Eric Gedd°s called for three cheers for Vice-
Admiral Beatty (commander of the grand
fleet), and these having been given \vith great
fervor, the crowds again asked for a speech,
but the cheerine1 drowned all else. The first
lord called for cheers for the British blue-
jackets.
A special service of prayer was held at St.
Paul's in the afternoon, the lord mayor and
sheriffs attending.
Bands and the pipers of the Scots guards
paraded through Whitehall, playing martial
I and patriotic airs. They were accompanied by
624
ALMANAC AND YEAR-DOOK FOR 1919.
singing1 crowds who time and again sane the
national anthem.
In the United States.
President Wilson issued the formal proclama-
tion on Monday morning-, Nov. 11. 1918:
"My Fellow Countrymen: The armistice
Was signed this morning. Everything- for
which America foug-ht has been accomplished.
It will now be our fortunate duty to assist by
example, by sober, friendly counsel, and by
material aid in the establishment of just
democracy throughout the world.
-WOODROW WILSON."
Secretary of State Lansins: issued the fol-
lowing- statement :
"The American people can rejoice^ that their
patriotism, their loyalty and their splendid
spirit of service and sacrifice have been re-
warded. Prussian militarism is ended: it no
longer menaces liberty and justice. But be-
fore us lie new tasks and new burdens, which
we must assume with the same unity of pur-
pose, the same devotion and zeal, as have
characterized the republic during- this great
war. Let us while we celebrate this day of
victory look forward to the future, conscious
of our supreme duty to humanity and confi-
dent in the united will of the nation."
PEACE CELEBRATION NOV. 11, 1918.
There were two great peace celebrations over
the signing- of the armistice terms which vir-
tually ended the world war. One of these,
started by an erroneous report sent out from
an American source in France on Thursday,
Nov. 7. continued all day in the principal
cities of the United States. The real celebra-
tion, however, began early on the morning- of
Nov. 11. when the fact that the armistice had
been signed was made known through au-
thentic and official channels. On that day the
people in all the allied countries gave them-
selves over to unrestrained manifestations of
their joy. Stores and factories were closed,
and for twenty hours or more the people
eurg-ed through the streets shouting- and sing-
ing- while whistles were blowing and church
bells ringing-. The scenes witnessed in Chicago
were typical of those in all the large cities
of the world where the sympathy ot the peo-
ple was with the allies and the United States.
They were thus described in The Chicago Daily
News:
"Chicagro turned topsy-turvy to-day,
"From one end of the city to another every-
thing was turmoil. Its millions of citizens
grave themselves without bounds to the de-
lirium of joy the news of the war's grand
finale had evoked in them. Pandemonium was
in the saddle wherever the citizens congre-
gated.
"And the whole thing-, as a score or more
funeral corteges seemed to indicate, was a
tribute — or wnat would you call it? — to For-
mer Kaiser William. It was Chicago's way of
joyously mourning- the German emperor. More-
over, it was a part of the world's expression
of its emotions at the downfall of the Hohen-
zollerns.
"Thursday's premature outburst of feeling-
paled into insignificance against to-day's dem-
onstration of the popular feeling, not to men-
tion the altogether tame and really innocent
New Year's celebration that heretofore held
the records for noisiness in Chicago.
"There was no semblance to order in the
mass of pushing;, howling-, yelling, cheering,
laughing humanity that packed Clark. State
and LaSalle streets, Michigan boulevard and
the crosstown thoroughfares from as early as
3 o'clock in the morning-. And what feeble
attempts were made on the part of the police
to re-establish order were nonchalantly and
persistently overlooked by the public.
"What did this happy crowd care whether
the street cars were delayed or automobiles
could not get through? What if a few plate
glass windows were smashed by the great
push? The one big- idea in the public mind
was that the war was over and nothing- else
mattered.
"As on Thursday, so to-day, the streets were
showered with makeshift confetti and ticker
tape. The carnival-New Year's^lection day
spirit of Thursday aerain found its expression
in the sudden appearance of all manner of
noisemakinsr devices, from paper horns to rat-
tles.
''And. the motormen on the street cars and
T./ trains again did themselves proud clang--
Imr bells and blowing- the sirens. The stunt of
making a very efficient noise-producing- instru-
ment out of an automobile cutout was re-
peated.
"Scores and scores of street parades were
organized in a jiffy, and bands to lead them
were gathered with surprising rapidity.
"But to-day's celebration may be compared to
Thursday's only because Thursday's was the
noisiest, most jubilant day in the annals of
Chicag-o — up to to-day, To-day's bedlam wa3
Thursday s, only ten times more noisy and im-
pressive.
"Every loop building-, store and factory
poured its little city of men and women into
the streets. Nobody felt like working-, and
the employers appreciated this. During- the
early morning hours the 'busiest corner in the
world,' State and Madison streets, was busier
than on the busiest Christmas shopping- day on
record. And at noon to-day it would have
been impossible for a snake to wind its way
through that maelstrom of humanity that had
come to a dead stop and roared and vocifer-
ated and shouted into -one another's ears.
"There was one cortege ~ that was impres-
sive. It consisted of a solemn faced band
playing- Chopin's dead march, a black hearse
bearing- a black casket, on which was in-
scribed, 'The Kaiser's Coffin — He's Going
Where He Belongs.' and a loner procession of
mourners with black bands around their hats.
"Ever and anon the procession would stop,
and somebody would emit a nerve shattering:
howl and turn a somersault amid frantic ap-
plause. And then the procession would con-
tinue.
"All morning-, almost from 1:55 o'clock, the
momentous minute when Chicag-o received the
news of Germany's surrender, steam whistles
all over added to the general noise. Passen-
ger steamboats anchored at the mouth of the
Chicago river joined in the chorus with the
shrill, ear-splitting- screech of their distress
sirens. Near the federal building- a big1 church
bell joyously clanged.
"The news of the surrender, as on Thurs-
day, brought to the loop thousands upon
thousands of housewives, school children and
iactory workers. They packed every 'L' and
suburban train and street car. Many had not
even taken the time to chang-e from their
working1 clothes into street clothes, and
among- the throngs in the streets were many
factory girls in oyerettes. housewives in huge
aprons and men in overalls.
"But despite the vast crowds, to-day's cele»
bration was largely a celebration by individ-
uals. Many a man held a parade all by
himself, either strutting- about with a flag-
over his shoulder and gesticulating- more or
less wildly or earnestly pounding- a big wash-
tub or kettle.
"Toward noon the crowds and the noise In-
creased. Babel at its worst could not have
been worse than Chicag-o was to-day, so far
as the incoherent tumult is concerned.
"Needless to say. the celebration became a
little bit 'wet' as the day advanced. Many a
man mixed liquor with jubilation, and the
result was hilarious. But the g-ood natured
public closed one eye and even both eyes when
ALMANAC AND YEAR-DGOK FOR, 1910
626
it became necessary. On the whole, there
were lew unpleasant outbursts.
"The general jubilation spread even to the
county jail, where several thousand prison-
ers sang* in chorus. And if one believes the
guards, it was some chorus I All attempts to
stop it failed.
"The first of the city's parades formed at
Madison and State streets shortly after 2
o'clock in the morning:. Night workers aban-
doned their posts, hotel guests fell in line and
soldiers and sailors in Chicago on leave and
waiting for trains to take them back to their
cantonments swelled the procession. Every
conceivable sort of noise making device, dish-
pans, horns, revolvers, whistles, the whole
category of ear splitting1 paraphernalia ap-
peared as by magic.
"Soon several hundred people were in line.
A young man in army uniform with a cor-
poral's stripes was the leader of the first pro-
cession, but soon he had scores of rivals and
by 4 o'clock there were half a dozen independ-
ent parades zigzagging their way about the
downtown districts. A band of celebrants
commandeered a big express truck early in the
morning and after loading it to capacity
started on a tour of the loop. One of the first
places passed was a Madison street moving-
picture house which had a display sign, 'The
Prussian Cur,' advertising a current production,
and this was immediately seized and carried
to the truck.
"Chicago public schools were closed for the
day by special order. Although many young-
sters failed to report for studies, the majority
came to their classrooms and participated in
demonstrations in honor of the receipt of the
world's biggest news announcement.
" 'This news is real and there will be no
classes to-day,' s.aid Mr. Loeb. 'I have dis-
patched an order to all principals of grammar
and high schools closing the schools lor the
day.'
"Impressive services were held at many of
the schools before the children were sent
home. At the Eugene Field and Franklin
schools, as well as a number of others on the
south and west sides, the children began a
patriotic song session which was opened with
the singing of 'The Star Spangled Banner.' "
IN OTHER CITIES.
The following telegrams show how the news
of the signing of the armistice was celebrated
in other large cities in the United States:
New York.
New York. Nov. 11.— The celebration which
took place in New York Thursday upon the
premature report of an armistice was a pale
rehearsal of what occurred to-day. The bona
fide occasion justified the full powers of re-
joicing which New York displayed. The first
whistles blew a few minutes after 3 o'clock
in the morning, and by 5 the city sat up
in its millions of beds and thrilled with the
consciousness that the dark days were ended,
and that the most momentous day in the his-
tory of the world had dawned.
By 6 o'clock the streets were clamorous with
masculine cheers; by 7, the voices of women
were added: by 8, men and women, excused
for the day from their tasks, thronged the
great arteries of the city, elate with the sense
of relief from sorrow. Hour by hour the tu-
mult increased.
Fortunately it was a glorious day. The sky
was an unclouded blue, the wind cool and
rather strong, the sunlight pale but beauti-
ful. Overhead an occasional airplane flew sil-
ver white in the sun. but the noises of the
aerial motors were drowned in the unceasing
clamor and bellow of the streets.
To-night, eighteen hours after the erlad tid-
ings, celebrations, big and little, were going
on in all quarters of New York city. Those in
the foreign quarters were perhaps the most
picturesque. Red fire burned everywhere, and
every known device for making noise was at
a premium.
Tons of confetti sprinkled in the streets add-
ed a carnival note. The great thoroughfares
were packed from building line to building line
with ever-changing multitude. In Broadway,
5th avenue and the main cross streets vehicle
traffic was almost abandoned. Men in uni-
forms of blue and khaki were caught up here
and there and carried on the shoulders of the
crowd.
There was no attempt at formal celebration.
That will come later. The outpouring into the
streets was a mere continuation of the "vic-
tory parade" decreed by Mayor Hylan as a
token of the city's thanksgiving.
Boston.
Boston, Mass., Nov. 11. — New England
threw off its traditional self-restraint to-day
and celebrated the signing of the armistice
from long before dawn until long after dark
with more enthusiasm, noise and processions
than ever marked its most glorious Independ-
ence cay observances. While Gov. McCall in
an official proclamation set aside to-morrow
as "Victory day" for organized expression by
the people of the state "of their very deep
pleasure over so momentous an event," the
citizens themselves, from corporation presi-
dents to office boys, joined in a spontaneous
outburst of joy that resulted in the general
closing for the day of industrial establish-
ments, offices and schools.
Boston streets were jammed all day. There
were more processions in a day than ever
tramped its pavements in a year.
St. Louis.
St. Louis, Mo.. Nov. 11. — St. Louis was wait-
ing to start celebrating when The Associated
Press flashed the word that the war was over,
and, having started, it had not stopped late
to-night.
Kansas City.
Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 11. — A mammoth
vict9ry celebration at Convention hall here
to-night marked the climax of a day replete
with parades, jollification rallies and streets
crowded with people who were armed with
every sort of noisemaking1 device. Practically .
all business was suspended.
Omaha.
Omaha. Neb.. Nov. 11. — Never in the his-
tory of Omaha has she witnessed such a
celebration as to-day's festivities have been.
Since early morning the streets have been
thronged with a cheering mob. At 1 :35
o'clock this afternoon a parade started in
which 50.000 persons marched.
Salt Lake City.
Salt Lake City, Utah. Nov. 11.— From the
moment it became known that the armistice
had been accepted by Germany, Salt Lake City
began to celebrate. A number of minor acci-
dents were reported at the emergency hospital.
Des Moines.
Des Moines. Iowa. Nov. 11. — Business was
suspended in Des Moines and many other Iowa
cities and towns to-day as thousands of per-
sons gave themselves over entirely to cele-
brating the end of the war. Throngs on the
downtown streets here forced abandonment of
street car traffic.
Milwaukee.
Milwaukee. Wis., Nov. 11. — The hanging of
William Hohenzollern in effigy and a mam-
moth bonfire on the lake front were the
crowning features of a peace celebration which
started early to-day and continued until to-
night.
626
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
ABDICATION OF EMPEROR WILLIAM II. OF GERMANY.
On Saturday, Nov. 9, 1918, the imperial
German chancellor. Prince Maximilian of
Baden, announced the abdication of Emperor
William in the following- decree:
"The kaiser and king- has decided to re-
nounce the throne.
"The imperial chancellor will remain in
office until the questions connected with the
abdication of the kaiser, the renouncing: by the
-crown prince of the throne of the German
•empire and of Prussia, and the setting1 up ol
a regency shall have been settled.
"For the reerency he intends to appoint
Deputy Ebert as imperial chancellor, and he
proposes that a bill shall be brought in for
the establishment of a law providing for the
immediate promulgation of general suffrage
and for a constitutional German national as-
sembly, which will settle finally the future
iorm of government of the German nation ana
of those peoples which might be desirous of
coming
"Berlin. Nov. 9. 1918.
German Defeat Acknowledged.
Before offering his resignation as chancellor
Prince Maximilian issued an appeal TO trer-
mans abroad" in which he said:
"In these difficult days the hearts of many
among you. my fellow countrymen, who out-
side the frontier of the German fatherland
are surrounded by manifestations of malicious
joy and hatred, will be heavy. Do not de-
spair of the German people.
"Our soldiers have fought to the last mo-
ment as heroically as any army has ever
done. The home land has shown unprece-
dented strength in suffering and endurance.
"In the fifth year, abandoned by its allies,
the German people could no longer wage war
against the increasingly superior forces. The
victory for which many had hoped has not
been granted to us. But the German people
lias won this still greater victory over itself
and its belief in the right of might.
"From this victory we shall draw new
strength for the hard time which laces us
and on which you also can build."
It will be noticed that in his announcement
Prince Maximilian said that the kaiser had
decided to abdicate and not that he had actu-
ally abdicated. As a matter of fact the em-
peror did not actually abdicate until Nov. /Je,
•when he signed the following document:
Renunciation of Throne.
"By the present document I renounce for-
ever my rights to the crown of Prussia and
the rights to the German imperial crown,
release at the same time all the officials of
the German empire and Prussia and also all
officers, noncommissioned officers and soldiers
of the Prussian navy and army and of con-
tingents from confederated states from the
oath of fidelity they have taken to me, as their
emperor, king and supreme chief.
"I expect from them until a new organiza-
tion of the German empire exists that they
•will aid those who effectively hold the power
in Germany to protect the German people
against the menacing _ dangers of anarchy,
famine and foreign domination.
"Made and executed and signed by our own
hand with the imperial seal at Amerongen.
:Nev. 28. WILLIAM.'
Defeated and Deserted.
Defeated on the battlefield and deserted by
the people of Germany who before the armi-
stice with the allies was signed were in the
throes of a revolution. Emperor William was
in despair. Ludendorff had resigned and de-
parted for Sweden; Hindenburg remained but
advised surrender, as the military situation
•was impossible: the armies which more than
four years before had poured through Brus-
sels in a mighty stream for three days were
exhausted, decimated and unable to continue
the struggle. He could no longer rattle his
glittering sword or take refuge behind the
vaunted "iron wall" of German might. His
only recourse, it seemed to him. was flight.
Finds Sanctuary in Holland.
Deciding to take refuge in Holland he pro-
ceeded by a special train to the frontier sta-
tion of Eysden, where he awaited the permis-
sion of the Dutch authorities to travel farther
to Amerongen castle, owned by his friend
Count von Bentinck. In his suite were Col.-
Gen. von Plessen, Lieut. -Gen. von Gontard.
Hof marshal yon Platen, Maj.-Gen. von Fran-
kenberg. Maj.-Gen. von Litorff, Maj.-Gen. von
Grimman. Col. Count von Moltke. Surgeon-
Colonel von Niester, Maj. von Hirschfeld, Capt.
von Dsermann. Capt. Seiss, Capt. Knauff,
Capt. Schaderberg and Capt. Grutsche. No
princes were in the party.
After some delay he was permitted to pro-
ceed and reached Amerongen castle on the
afternoon of the llth, and there he remained
at the time this rec9rd closed on Dec. 12.
1918. His presence in Holland was unwel-
come to many of the people there and for a
time it threatened to lead to the deposition
of the Dutch queen. The action of the gov-
ernment in giving refuge to the man gen-
erally blamed for bringing on the world war
was criticized in most of the allied countries
and suggestions that his extradition should
be demanded were made. Others contended
that the matter should be settled at the gen-
eral peace conference where all the great is-
sues resulting from the war would be con-
sidered.
Position of Dutch. Government.
The position of the Dutch government was
made plain on Dec. 11. The former German
emperor was entitled to the right of sanctuary
in Holland and therefore his return to Ger-
many could not be demanded, according to a
statement made on that day by Jonkheer
Beerenbruck in the lower chamber of parlia-
ment during a debate on the visit of the
former emperor to Holland. The premier said
the government would have preferred that the
former emperor had not chosen Holland as a
refuge, but that he came as a private indi-
vidual, after renouncing his throne, without
direct or indirect notification of his intended
After renunciation of his throne, Jonkheer
Beerenbruck continued, there could not be a
question of internment, nor could the former
emperor's return to Germany be demanded,
in view of the immemorial tradition of right
of sanctuary. The Netherlands government
could adopt no line of conduct but that of
granting "the right of sanctuary" and accept-
ing it as a fact accomplished. The govern-
ment, the premier continued, oust repudiate
every effort to see in this step an unneutral
attitude. Nevertheless, he said, the once em-
peror's stay in Holland was only regarded as
temporary.
Up to the present no power had protested
against his visit, but any eventual demand
for extradition must pass the test of law and
of treaty. The government, the premier con-
cluded, would not allow the former emperor
to exercise any influence in another country.
Imperial Boasts Recalled.
After the former emperor's flight to Hol-
land was announced British newspapers gave
prominence to some of his utterances while
the war was in progress.
1911.
In the year 1914 he said:
"Before the leaves fall from the trees we
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FCR 1910
627
•hall be back again in the dear fatherland.
Exterminate first the treacherous English and
walk over Gen. French's contemptible little
army. The warlike spirit still lives in the
<3erman people — that powerful spirit which at-
tacks the enemy wherever it finds him regard-
less ol the cost.
"You. my troops, are my guaranty that I
can dictate peace to my enemies. Up and at
the foes ! God's goodness will guide the Ger-
man people through battle to victory — to the
goal appointed for the German people by
Providence. I have drawn the sword, which
without victory and without honor I cannot
.sheathe again. We stand with our hearts to-
ward God— to the dust with all the enemies
ol Germany I Amen."
1915.
In the year 1915 the German ruler said:
"Our brave soldiers have shown themselves
to be invincible in battle against nearly the
•whole world. The war drama now is coming
to its close."
To the king of the Senussi he said:
"Our common enemies whom Allah will an-
nihilate to the last man, shall fly before thee.
So be it."
Regarding1 the United States the emperor
•declared :
"America had better look out after the war.
I shall stand no nonsense from the Ameri-
cans. My destructive sword has crushed the
Russians. In a short while I will announce
new victories. The war drama now is com-
ing' to its close. In a just c&use I am, ready
to force myself to be cruel."
1916.
In 1916 the emperor said:
"The world was prepared for anything1 but
a victory of the German fleet over the Brit-
ish fleet. Pear will creep into the bones of
the enemy.
"Bukharest has been taken. What a mag-
nificent success on the road to complete vic-
tory has been gained with God's help I
"Germany is invincible in spite of the su-
perior numbers of our enemies and every day
confirms this anew. Germany knows her
streng-th and she relies on God's help.
"The foe is defending his native soil foot
by foot. This is the resistance of despair,
but it must be broken. He has prepared his
soup and now ho must sup it. I look to
you to see to it.
"All Germany contemplates with pride her
brave sons, whose deeds with God's help will
be a landmark on the road to final victory "
1917.
In 1917 the head of the German nation
said:
"If the enemy does not want peace, then
we must bring peace by battering in with
iron fist and shining sword the doors of those
who will not have peace.
"Victory in the coming year will again be
on our side and on that of our allies, if
only we cast the burden on the Lord, He
will smite the foe hip and thigh as He did
Amalek, the prototype of perfidious England.
"Our 'U' boats are not going- to rest until,
with God's help, the enemy is beaten. With
the help of God. who has hitherto graciously
protected us, the enemy shall have a decision.
"England is particularly the enemy to be
struck down, however difficult it may be.
"The year 1917 with its great battles has
proved that the German people has in the
Lord of Creation above an unconditional and
avowed ally on whom it can absolutely rely "
1918.
In June. 1918. the emperor said:
"God. the Lord, has laid a heavy burden
on my shoulders, but I can carry it in the
consciousness of our good right, with con-
fidence in our sharp sword and our strength."
This was followed by various utterances of
growing despondency.
CROWN PRINCE WILLIAM ON THE WAR.
Frederick William Hohenzollern, former
crown prince of Germany, while a refugee in
Holland, gave his views of the world war to a
correspondent of The Associated Press Dec. 3,
1918. In the course of a lengthy conversa-
tion which took place in the small cottage
•of the village pastor on the island of Wienn-
gen, where he is interned, he denied that as
crown prince he had renounced his claim to
the German throne.
"However," he continued, "should the Ger-
man government decide to form a republic
similar to the United States or France I shall
be perfectly content to return to Germany as
a simple citizen, ready to do anything to as-
sist my country. I should even be happy to
•work as a laborer in a factory.
"At present everything appears chaos in
•Germany, but I hope things will Tight them-
Asked what in his opinion was the turning1
point of the war. he said:
"I was convinced early in October. 1914.
that we had lost the war. I considered our
position hopeless after the battle of the Marne.
which we should not have lost if the chiefs
of our general staff had not suffered a case of
nerves.
"I tried to persuade the general staff to
seek peace then, even at a great sacrifice, go-
ing so far as to give up Alsace-Lorraine.
But I was told to mind my own business and
confine my activities to commanding my
armies. I have proof of this.
"The air raids on London and other towns
and the big gun used against Paris were use-
less militarily, and in fact, were silly. Or-
ders to submarine commanders were read dif-
ferently by various officers, who went much
too far.
"Regarding air raids. I suggested two years
ago an international' agreement confining" air
activities to the actual war zone, but my
opinion was entirely disregarded. I was again
told my job was to command my armies."
What finally brought about the downfall of
the German military power, he declared, was
revolution induced by four years of hunger
among the civilians and the troops in the rear,
together with the overwhelming superiority in
numbers attained by the entente powers since
America's entry into the war, which had un-
dermined the confidence of the German fight-
ing1 forces.
"My soldiers, whom I loved and with whom
I lived continuously, and who. if I may eay
so. loved me, fought with the utmost courage
to the end, even when the odds were impos-
sible to withstand," the refugee prince
went on:
"They had no rest, and sometimes an en-
tire division numbered only 600 rifles. These
were opposed by fresh allied troops, among
whom were American divisions containing" 27,-
000 men apiece."
Describing how he left the front, Frederick
William declared:
"I was witli my group of armies after the
kai?er left Germany. I asked the Berlin gov-
ernment whether they desired me to retain my
command. They replied negatively, and I
could not continue to lead armies under orders
of the soldiers and workers' council,
"Therefore I came to Holland without hin-
drance. No shooting1 or bombing occurred,
and I auit the army with the greatest regret,
after having1 participated in the trench life
with the soldiers for so long.
"I hnve not b"pp in Germany for. a year,
and from the bee-inning ol the war I have
taken only three or lour fortnight leaves."
628
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Speaking1 of the beginning of the war. Fred-
erick William asserted:
"Contrary to all statements hitherto made
abroad I never desired war. and thought the
moment auite inopportune. I was never con-
sulted, and the report about a crown council
being- held in Berlin to decide on the war I
deny on my oath. I was enjoying: a stay at a
watering1 Place when mobilization was ordered.
"My father also, I am sure, did not want
war. If Germany had sought the best oppor-
tunity for making1 war, she would have
chosen the period either of the Boer war or
the Russo-Japanese war.
"From the beginning1 I was certain that Eng-
land would enter the conflict. This view was
not shared by Prince Henry and the other
members of my family.
"People have credited me with warlike in-
tentions. But I was only a soldier with a
desire to see the army kerot thoroughly effi-
cient, and I worked hard to bring- this about.
People blame me with the failure at Verdun.
But I refused twice to attack there with the
troops at my disposal. On the third occa-
sion my attack was successful for the first
three days, but I was not properly supported.
"I thought the Verdun attack was a mis-
take. We should have attacked to the east-
ward of Verdun, where there would have
been great probability of success."
The ex-crown prince was rather bitter re-
garding the work of the general staff, which,
he asserted, was responsible for numerous mis-
takes. including1 the attack in March, 1918.
which he was ordered to make, contrary to
his own view, and was compelled to obey. -.
He declared Ludendorff was the mainspring
of Germany's warlike activities, while Hin-
denburg was a mere figurehead.
Ludendorff and his staff continually under-
estimated the enemy's forces, he declared, and
never believed that America's contribu ion ot
soldiers was as great as it actually proved to be.
Frederick William declared himself to be an
admirer of President Wilson, who. he felt as-
sured, would bring- about a peace of justice
for the German people, and added:
"Any humiliation of a nation containing
70.000.000 people would leave only a feeling
of reveng-e. Such a nation cannot be crushed.
"The armistice terms are very severe and
almost impossible of execution, as the entente
powers are taking away a large portion, of
the means of transport."
Asked whether Germany, if victorious, would
rot have imposed even more severe terms, he
expressed the belief that such would not have
been the case.
When the Brest-Litovsk treaty was men-
tioned, he said its terms were hard because
in Russia the Germans were confronted by
the bolsheviki.
With regard to air raids on unfortified cities,
the fierce submarine warfare, the bombard-
ment of Paris, and the deportation of women
from the occupied districts to work in Ger-
many. Frederick said he had always entirely
disagreed with these policies.
In connection with Germany's actions in
Belgium at the beginning- of the war he said
the German general staff had informed him
that Field Marshal Haig- was in Belgium in
July. 1914. making- a complete military survey
for future operations. When it was suggested
that the German staff had done the same thing
Frederick said he knew nothing- about it.
German diplomats, he declared, had made
"awful" mistakes, being unable to see the
viewpoint of the countries where they were
stationed and misreading opinion in other
countries. Referring- to the notorious kaiser
teles-ram during the Boer war. he said:
"My father was made to send this telegram
by his political advisers."
The former crown prince is living- a simp1^
life. He strolls about the island, chats with
peasants, and is learning the Dutch language
from a small boy. He says he is interned, al-
though in reality not interned, as all the other
German officers have been permitted to leave
Holland. He does not expect his wife to come
to Holland. She will remain in Berlin to su-
perintend the education of their children.
Frederick William discussed various subjects
quite frankly with the correspondent for two
hours, but requested that some of the matters
under discussion should not be published.
COUNT CZERNIN ON CAUSE OF WAR.
In Vienna Dec. 9. 1918. Count Czernin,
former Austro-Hungarian minister for foreign
affairs, discussed his efforts and those of the
Austrian government to end the war, which
he said was brought on by "too much bluff-
ing," and outlined what in his estimation
were the problems to be settled before peace
could be made secure. He expressed hppe for
an agreement among the nations to disarm.
Count Czernin declared the Brest-Litovsk
peace treaty was the work of the German
military leaders and painted Gen. Ludendorff,
the auartermaster-general of the German army
and. virtual dictator of the empire's military
policy in the last days of the conflict, as the
man who stood between the central empires
and peace on numerous occasions. Efforts to
induce the German government to make con-
cessions of an important nature seemed at
times to be near success, but Ludendorff was
adamant.
Recounting the efforts on the part of Aus-
tria to reach some sort of peace before the
final absolute collapse of both the Austrian
and German empires. Count Czernin said:
"With the knowledge of Emperor Charles, I
proposed to Emperor William that Austria
would give Germany the province of Galicia
and permit her to have her way in Russian
Poland, provided Alsace and Lorraine were
ceded back to France.
"I presented the plan to Dr. Bethmann-
Hollweg, then German imperial chancellor.
Later he informed me that he was forced to
decline to enter into the scheme, but I was
informed that it was impossible to give up
Alsace and Lorraine, because the . German
people never would understand the giving up
of land which had cost so much blood." ,
After citing several moves in the direction
of peace. Count Czernin continued :
"When our chances were bad and the entente
nations were elated they would not talk peace.
When we were winning Ludendorff would not
consent to permit peace negotiations.
"I signed the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
but we got nothing from it. This fact is
worthy of mention. It was Ludendorff who
forced Dr. Richard von Kuehlmann, the Ger-
man foreign secretary, to make that peace.
Dr. von Kuehlmann and I had hoped to make
peace with Russia on the basis of President
Wilson's principles, but Ludendorff always
telegraphed 'No to our proposals.
"Regarding Emperor William, I feel that he
did not want the war, but he did not know
how to get out of it. I honestly believe that
no one wanted hostilities to begin.
"I have the impression that neither Em-
peror Francis Joseph, Emperor William nor
their ministers wanted war. I might explain
the fact that war started by saying that
there was too much diplomatic bluffing, with
every one looking for the other fellow to re-
cede from his position."
DEATH OF EDMOND ROSTAND.
Edmond Rostand, the famous French poet
and playwright, died hi Paris, France. Dec.
2, 1918. of an attack of influenza. He was
born in Marseilles April 1, 1868. He first
came into prominence as an author in 1888.
when his "Le Gant Rouge." a vaudeville
sketch, was produced in Paris. The more im-
portant of his clays, in the order of their
production, were: "Les Romanesques" (1894) :
"La Princesse Lointaine" (1895) : "La Samari-
taine" (1897): "Cyrano de Bergerac" (1897):
"L'Aiglon" (1899) and "Chantecler" (1910).
Rostand was at the height of his popularity
when "Chanteelrr" was produced in Pans.
Seats sold for $50 and the American rights
for its presentation cost a fortune.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
629
GENERAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR.
(A more detailed chronology of the Euro-
pean war for the years 1914, 1915 and 1916
will be found in the issues of the Almanac
and Year-Book for 1915, 1916. 1917 and
1918.)
1914.
June 28 — Archduke Francis Ferdinand and
wife assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
July 28 — Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia.
Aug. 1 — Germany declares war on Russia; gen-
eral mobilization begun.
Aug. 3 — Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 4 — State of war between Great Britain
and Germany is declared: Germany declares
war on Belgium.
Aug. 8 — Germans capture Liege.
Aug. 20 — German troops enter Brussels.
Aug. 23 — Japan declares war on Germany:
Russians victorious in East Prussia.
Aug. 26 — Large part of Lou vain destroyed by
Germans.
Aug. 28 — British win naval battle near Helgo-
land.
Aug. 29 — Germans inflict heavy defeat on Rus-
sians at Allenstein: Germans occupy Amiens.
Sept. 1 — Germans win decisive victory at Tan-
nenberg. East Prussia: cross the Marne in
France.
Sept. 2 — Lemberg captured by Russians? seat
of French government transferred from Paris
to Bordeaux.
Sept. 5 — England. France and Russia sign com-
pact not to conclude peace separately.
Sept. 6 — Allies win battle of Marne.
Sept. 7 — Germans retreat from the Marne: cap-
ture Maubeuge.
Sept. 7-10 — Germans retreat to the Aisne.
Sept. 14 — Battle of Aisne begins; pursuit by
allies halted.
Sept. 15 — First battle of Soissons fought.
Sept. 18 — Germans bombard Reims and dam-
age cathedral.
Sept. 19 — Battle of Aisne develops into con-
tinuous trench fighting.
Sept. 20 — Russians capture Jaroslau and begin
siege of Przemysl.
Sept. 22 — British cruisers Cressy. Aboukir and
Hogue torpedoed and sunk in the North sea.
Oct. 9-10 — Germans capture Antwerp.
Oct. 12 — Germans capture Ghent.
Oct. 20— Fighting along Yser river begins.
Oct. 29 — Turkey begins war on Russia.
Nov. 1 — British cruisers Good Hope and Mon-
mouth sunk off coast of Chile.
Nov. 7 — Tsingrtao captured by Japanese.
Nov. 9 — German cruiser Emden destroyed.
Dec. 8 — German cruisers sunk near Falkland
islands by British fleet.
Dec. 9 — French government officials return to
Paris.
Dec. 14 — Belgrade recaptured by Serbians.
Dee. 17— Britain formally assumes a pro*ec-
torate over Egypt.
•Dec. 25 — Italy occupies Avlona. Albania.
1915.
Jan. 1 — British battle ship Formidable sunk.
Jan. 11 — Heavy fighting northeast of Soissons.
Jan. 24-;-Brftish win naval battle in North
sea. sinking the German cruiser Bluecher
and damaging two other cruisers.
Feb. 11 — Germans evacuate Lodz.
Feb. 12 — Germans drive Russians from posi-
tions in East Prussia, taking 26,000 pris-
oners.
Feb. 19 — British and French fleets bombard
Dardanelles forts.
March 1 — Premier Asquith announces blockade
by allies of all German, Austrian and Turk-
ish ports.
March 10 — Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins.
March 14 — German cruiser Dresden sunk.
March 18 — British battle ships Irresistible and
Ocean and French battle ship Bouvet sunk
in Dardanelles strait.
March 22 — Fortress of Przemysl surrenders to
Russians.
April 23 — Germans force way across Yprea
canal at Steenstraate and Het Sas.
May 2 — Austro-Hungarian and German forces
repulse Russians along the entire front of
Malatow, Gorlice, Gromik and north of these
places in West Galicia.
May 7 — Liner Lusitania torpedoed and sunk by
German submarine.
May 23 — Italy formally declares war on Aus-
tria and orders mobilization of army.
June 3 — Przemysl recaptured by Germans and
Austrians.
June 22 — Germans and Austrians capture Lem«
berg.
July 3 — Tolmino falls into hands of Italians.
July 29 — Warsaw evacuated: Lublin captured
by Austrians.
Aug. 2 — Germans occupy Mitau.
Aug. 3-9— Battle of Hooge.
Aug. 4 — Germans occupy Warsaw.
Aug. 5 — Ivangorod taken by Germans.
Aug. 6— British land at Suvla bay. Gallipoli.
Aug. 17 — Germans capture Kovno.
Aug. 19-20 — Germans take Novo Georgievsk.
Aug. 26 — Germans take Brest-Litovsk.
Sept. 2 — Germans capture Grodno.
Sept. 5 — Grand Duke Nicholas sent to the Cau-
casus.
Sept. 8 — Russians stop Germans at Tarnopol.
Sept. 19 — Germans capture Vilna.
Sept. 20 — Austrians and Germans begin drive
on Serbia.
Sept. 25-30 — Battle of the Champagne.
Oct. 9-10 — Austro-Germans capture Belgrade.
Oct. 12 — Edith Cavell executed by Germans.
Oct. 13 — Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
Oct. 22 — Bulgarians occupy Uskub.
Nov. 7 — Italian liner Ancona sunk.
Nov. 22 — British victory near Bagdad.
Nov. 30 — Bulgarians take Prizrend.
Dec. 1 — British retreat from near Bagdad.
Dec. 8-9 — Allies defeated in Macedonia.
Dec. 15 — Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir
John French.
Dec. 27-30 — Heavy Russian offensive in Galicia
and Bessarabia.
Dec. 30 — Liner Persia sunk in Mediterranean.
1916.
Jan. 6 — Russians capture Czartorysk.
Jan. 8 — British troops at Kut-el-Amara sur-
rounded.
Jan. 9 — British evacuate Gallipoli peninsula1.
Jan. 10 — Austrians capture Mount Lovcen in
Montenegro: predreadnought King Edward
VII. sunk.
Jan. 13 — Cetinje, capital of Montenegro, cap-
tured by Austrians.
Jan. 23 — Scutari, capital of Albania, captured
by Austrians.
Feb. 15 — Erzerum captured by the Russians.
Feb. 21 — Germans under crown prince begin
attack on Verdun defenses.
Feb. 26 — Germans capture Fort Douaumont:
French transport La Provence sunk.
March 2 — Bitlis captured by Russians.
March 16 — Admiral von Tirpitz resigns.
March 24 — Sussex torpedoed and sunk.
April 5-7— Battle of St. Eloi. ,
April 17 — Trebizond captured by Russians.
April 18 — President Wilson sends final note to
Germany.
April 19 — President Wilson explains diplomatic
situation in speech before congress in joint
session.
April 24 — Insurrection in Dublin.
April 29 — British force at Kut-el-Amara sur-
renders to the Turks.
April 30 — Irish insurrection suppressed.
May 3 — Several leaders of Irish revolt exe-
cuted.
May 15 — Austrians begin offensive against Ital-
ians in Trentino.
May 31 — Great naval battle off Danish coast.
June 3 — Germans assail British at Ypres: Rus-
sians under Gen. Brussiloff begin successful
offensive.
630
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
June 5 — Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hamp-
shire.
Juno 6— Italians stop enemy in Trentino.
June 11 — Russians capture Dubno.
June 18 — Russians capture Czernowitz.
June 25 — Gen. Brussiloff's army completes pos-
session of Bukowina.
July 1 — Battle of Somme begins.
July 25 — Erzingan captured by the Russians.
July 26 — Pozieres taken by British.
July 27— British take Delville wood: Serbs be-
g-in attack on Bulgars in Macedonia.
Aug. 2 — French take Fleury.
Aug. 3 — Sir Roger Casement executed lor trea-
son.
Aug. 5 — British win victory north of Pozieres.
Aug. 9 — Italians take Goritz by assault.
Aug. 15 — Russians capture Jablonitza.
Aug. 18 — Serbs capture Fiorina from Bulgars.
Aug. 24 — French take Maurepas.
Aug. 27 — Italy declares war against Germany.
Aug. 28 — Roumania declares war against Aus-
tria-Hungary.
Aug. 30 — Roumanians take Kronstadt in Tran-
sylvania; Bulgars seize Drama.
Sept. 2 — Roumanians take Orsova and Her-
' mannstadt.
Sept. 3— Allies take Guillemont and Clery.
Sept. 7 — Germans capture Tutrakan.
Sept. 9 — French recapture Fort Douaumont.
Sept. 10 — German-Bulgar forces take Silistria.
Sept. 15 — British take Flers, Martinpuich and
Courcelette; French reach outskirts of Rau-
court.
Sept. 17 — French take Vermandovillers and
Berny.
Sept. 25— British, capture Morval and Les
Bceufs.
Sept. 26 — French and British take Combles;
British take Thiepval and Guedecourt.
Sept. 28 — Venizelos proclaims provisional gov-
ernment in Greece: to aid allies.
Sept. 30 — Germans defeat Roumanians at Her-
mannstadt.
Oct. 8 — Germans recapture Kronstadt from
Roumanians.
Oct. 11 — Germans defeat Roumanians in Alt
valley and begin invasion of Roumania.
Oct. 13 — Italians win victory on Carso plateau.
Oct. 23 — Germans capture Constanza.
Oct. 24 — Germans take Predeal.
Oct. 25 — Germans capture Vulcan pass.
Nov. 3 — French reoccupy Fort Vaux.
Nov. 12 — French take all of Saillisel.
Nov. 13 — British win battle of Ancre.
Nov. 19 — Monastir taken by Serbs, French
and Italians.
Nov. 24 — Germans capture Orsova and Turnu-
Severin.
Nov. 25 — Venizelist provisional government in
Greece declares war on Germany.
Nov. 28 — Seat of Roumanian government re-
moved from Bukharest to Jassy.
Dec. 3 — Battle of Argesu won by Germans.
Dec. 5 — British cabinet resigns.
Dec. 6 — Bukharest occupied by German forces.
Dec. 10— New British cabinet formed with
David Lloyd George at its head.
Dec. 11 — Italian battle ship Regina Margherita
sunk.
Dec. 12 — Germany proposes peace negotiations.
Dec. 15 — French recapture Vacherauville,
Louvemont and Fort Hardaumont.
Dec. 18 — President Wilson sends note to bel-
ligerent nations asking them to make known
their peace terms and to neutral nations
suggesting that they support America's ac-
tion.
Dec. 27 — Rimnik Sarat taken by Germans.
Dec. 28 — Germany replies to President Wilson
saying a direct exchange of views would be
best way to bring about peace; gives no
terms.
Dec. 29 — Scandinavian countries express sym-
pathy with President Wilson's suggestions.
Dec. 30 — Allies make joint reply to Germany's
peace proposal rejecting it as a war
maneuver.
1917.
Jan. 5 — Germans capture Braila.
Jan. 7 — Russians take offensive along Sereth*
river.
Jan. 8— Germans capture Focsani fortress.
Jan. 9 — British battle ship Cornwallis sunk.
Jan. 10 — Allies make1 joint reply to President
Wilson and give their peace terms.
Jan. 11 — German government issues note com-
menting on entente's reply of Dec. 30.
Jan. 17 — British advance on both sides of
Ancre creek.
Jan. 22 — President Wilson addresses United
States senate on subject of world peace and
the establishment of a league of nations.
Jan. 23 — Battle between British and German
destroyers in North sea.
Jan. 31 — Ambassador Count von Bernstorfr
hands note to Secretary Lansing- in Washing-
ton announcing the inauguration by Ger-
many of an unrestricted submarine warfare
on Feb. 1; Germany proclaims boundaries
of blockade zones.
Feb. 1 — Germany begins unrestricted submarine
Feb. 3 — P'resident Wilson orders that Ambas-
sador Count von Bernstorff be handed his
passports, directs the withdrawal of Am-
bassador James W. Gerard and all American
consuls from Germany and announces his
action in a speech before congress; sug-
gests ' to neutral countries that they follow
America's example.
Feb. 3 — American steamer Housatonic torpe-
doed and sunk.
Feb. 7— United States senate indorses presi-
dent's action in breaking -with Germany:
British capture Grandcourt; German ships
interned in American ports found crippled
by crews.
Feb. 8 — Germany detains Ambassador Gerard
in Berlin; liner California torpedoed and
sunk with loss of forty-one lives.
Feb. 9 — European neutrals decline to break
with Germany: British take Saill.v-Saillisel.
Feb. 13 — Ambassador Bernstorff sails for Ger-
many via Halifax and Norway.
Feb. 15 — Germans under crown prince take a
mile and a half of French trenches between
Reims and Verdun.
Feb. 17 — British troops capture enemy posi-
tions along a front of two miles on both
sides of the Ancre.
Feb. 25— "Hindenburg retreat" from Somme
sector in full progress: British win at San«
naiyat on the Tigris: British take Serre and
Butte de Warlencourt.
Feb. 26 — President Wilson appears before con-
gress and asks authority to supply merchant
ships with defensive arms and to employ
other methods to protect American ships
and citizens: British capture Kut-el-Amara.
Feb. 27 — British take Gonnecourt.
Feb. 28 — The Associated Press reveals German
plot to bring Mexico and Japan in alliance
against the United States: letter from the
German secretary of foreign affairs, Dr. Al-
fred Zimmermann. to the German minister
to Mexico suggesting the plan published.
March 1 — President Wilson, at request of sen-
ate, confirms existence of German plot in
Mexico: house grants president power to
arm merchant ships.
March 3 — Foreign Secretary Zimmermann ad-
mits authenticity of letter to German min-
ister to Mexico suggesting1 alliance against
the United States.
March 4 — Filibuster by Senator La Follette and
others prevents passage by senate of bill giv-
ing president power to arm ships; president
rebukes senate for its lack of power to
legislate.
March 5 — President Wilson inaugurated lor
second term in office: outlines American pol-
icy for foreign relations.
March 6 — British invade Palestine and cap-
ture Hebron: United States Supreme court
decides Appam case in favor of owners.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
63L
March 8 — United States senate adopts cloture
rule; Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin dies.
March 9— President Wilson calls a special ses-
sion of congress for April 16; issues orders
for the arming- of American merchant ships.
March 10 — Belgian relief steamer Storstad tor-
pedoed.
March 11 — Successful revolution in Eussia:
British capture Bagdad; Ambassador Gerard
reaches Havana.
March 12— French capture Hill 185 in Cham-
pagne; state department in Washing-ton gives
formal notice of arming- of American ships;
American steamer Algonquin sunk without
warning- by German submarine: China breaks
relations with Germany.
March 13 — Russians take Kermanshah in Per-
sia.
March 15 — Extra session of United States sen-
ate ends; Czar Nicholas II. of Russia abdi-
cates throne for himself and his son.
March 16— American steamer Vigilancia tor-
pedoed with loss of fifteen lives.
March 17 — British take Bapaume: French take
Roye; American ship City of Memphis sunk.
March 18 — British and French take Peronne,
Chaulnes, Nesle and Noyon; make ten mile
gain on seventy mile front; Germans destroy
everything1 in abandoned territory; Ameri-
can ship Illinois sunk by submarine.
March 19 — American oil ship Healdton tor-
pedoed with loss of a score of lives: French
battle ship Danton torpedoed with loss of
296 men; British and French continue ad-
vance: Germans say retreat is for strategic
purposes.
March 21 — President Wilson calls extra ses-
sion of congress to beg-in April 2 instead of
April 16; "state of war" admitted to exist.
March 22 — America recognizes new govern-
ment in Russia.
March 24 — Washington announces withdrawal
of Minister Brand Whitlock and American
relief workers from Belgium; constitutional-
ist party in Russia votes for republican
form of government ; Germany extends barred
zone to Russian arctic waters.
March 25 — President Wilson calls part of na-
tional griard in the east into the national
service for policing- purposes.
March 26— British defeat large force of Turks
at Gaza, Palestine: President Wilson calls
into federal service 20,000 guardsmen in
eighteen central states.
March 30 — Foreign Secretary Zimmerrnann, in
reichstag, explains his effort to embroil
Mexico and Japan with the United States:
President Wilson and cabinet decide that war
with Germany is tfte only honorable recourse
left to the United States.
April 1— The Aztec, an armed American
steamer, sunk by submarine: Russian armies
invade Turkey from Persia.
April 2 — Special session of American congress
opens: president in address asks that exist-
ence of a state at war with Germany be
declared.
April 4 — Senate passes war resolution: Ger-
mans attack Russians on Stokhod river;
American steamship Missourian sunk in
Mediterranean.
April 5 — British and Russian armies join in
Mesopotamia.
April 6 — House passes war resolution: presi-
dent signs resolution and issues war procla-
mation: all American naval forces mobi-
lized: German vessels in American ports
seized: Germans blow up their auxiliary
cruiser Cormoran at Guam.
April 7 — Cuba and Panama declare war on
Germany.
April 8 — Austria-Hungary announces break in
relations with the United States.
April 9 — Canadians take Vimy ridge in great
British offensive north and south of Arras.
April 10 — Brazil breaks oft relations with Ger-
many.
April 15— Great French offensive between Sois-
sons and Reims begins: President Wilson
is<sues proclamation warning traitors: British;
transports Cameronia and Arcadian sunk with,
heavy loss of life.
April 18 — Germans driven out of six villages
between Soissons and Reims.
April 20 — "America day" in Britain: special
services held in St. Paul's cathedral: Berlin
admits retirement to "Hindenburg line" in
face of allied attacks; two German destroyers
sunk off Dover.
April 21— Turkey breaks off relations with the
United States: Balfour mission arrives in
the United States.
April 22 — British mission arrives in Washing-
ton: "United States day" celebrated in Paris.
April 23 — British begin new attack on Arras
front: British capture Samara.
April 24— Joffre- Viviani French mission arrives
in America.
April 25 — Joffre-Viviani mission given ovation
in Washington: president appoints Elihvt
Root head of mission to visit Russia.
April 26 — Vacuum, American steamship, tor-
pedoed, thirty lives lost.
April 28— Senate and house pass army draft
bill; Secretary McAdoo announces that bond
issue will be called "liberty loan of 1917."
April 29 — French and British missions visit
tomb of Washington: British take mile of
German Oppy line.
May 1 — Rene Viviani addresses United States
senate.
May 3— Canadians take Fresnoy; United States
begins making large loans to allies: French,
mission received on floor of house.
May 4— American destroyers arrive in British,
waters and begin patrol work : Russian coun-
cil of workmen and soldiers declares for-
peace without annexations or indemnities-
but sustains provisional government: British
transport Transylvania sunk with loss of
413 lives.
May 5 — Great Britain joins French in asking"
that American troops be sent to France at
once; A. J. Balfqur and members of British
mission received in house of representatives;
Marshal Joffre speaks in Chicago.
May 7 — War department in Washington an-
nounces that nine regiments of engineers are-
to be organized and sent to France.
May 8 — Germans regain Fresnoy: A. J. Bal-
four addresses United States senate.
May 9 — Liberia ends relations with Germany.
May 13 — Gen. Korniloff resigns Petrograd com-
mand because of interference with military-
discipline.
May 15— Gen. Brussiloff resigns from Russian,
army.
May 17 — First American Red Cross hospital
unit arrives in England for service with the-
British in France.
May 18 — President Wilson orders the sending-
of a division of regulars to France under
Ma j. -Gen. J. J. Pershing: announces that
he will not sanction raising of volunteer-
troops by Theodore Roosevelt for service in
Europe: issues proclamation fixing June 5
as date for the registry of men eligible lor-
service under draft law : Italians storm Monte
Vodice.
May 19 — President Wilson asks Herbert C.
Hoover to take charge of food administra-
tion in America during the war.
May 20 — German plot for world domination
laid bare in Washington: two Chicago nurses-
killed by gun accident on ship bound for
Europe; British grain another mile near Bulle-
court.
May 21 — Italian war mission arrives in Amer-
ica.
May 23— Viviani and Joffre receive great wel-
come in Paris; American medical unit re-
ceived by King George.
May 24 — Rear-Admiral W. S. Sims appointed!
vice-admiral: plan of raising S100.000.00a
for Red Cross announced by Henry P. Davi-
son.
May 25 — German aircraft raid England, kill-
ing seventy-six persons and injuring 174 ;•
633
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
President Wilson, designates June 18-25 as
Red Cross week.
May 26 — Italians storm second Austrian line
on Carso plateau.
June 2 — Prince Udine and Sig. Marconi ad-
dress house ol representatives.
June 5 — Military registration day under selec-
tive draft law in the United States; ap-
proximately 10,000,000 men register.
June 6 — Lord Northcliffe appointed to repre-
sent Britain in America.
June 7 — British begin great offensive at Mes-
sines, storming- Wytscha*te ridge and explod-
ing great mines.
June 8 — Gen. Pershing with staff and clerical
force reaches London: force ol 100 American
aviators reach France.
June 10 — British gain, more ground around
Messines in Ypres region.
June 11 — American tank steamer Petrolite tor-
pedoed; British take German trench system
on mile front east of Messines ridge.
June 12-7-King Constantine of Greece forced
to abdicate his throne.
June 13— Gen. Pershing lands in France; Ger-
man airplanes raid London, killing1 157
persons and wounding 430.
June 16 — Belgian war mission arnve's in united
States
June 17— Two Zeppelins raid British coast;
one burned: Londoners demand reprisals for
air raids: Germans attack French positions
on the Chemin des Dames.
June 20— Canadians capture trenches before
Lens.
June 22 — Belgian commission is received in
the United States senate; Roumanian mission
arrives in America.
June 23 — Boris Bakhmetieft of Russian mis-
sion addresses house.
June 25 — President Wilson appoints exports
council: Canadians take German first line
trenches in front of Lens.
June 26 — Canadian troops take LaCoulotte;
Venizelos becomes prime minister of Greece:
Chairman Davison of Red Cross war council
announces subscription of $114,000,000 to
war fund.
June 27 — American troops arrive in France:
French cruiser Kleber sunk by mine; Baron
Moncheur of Belgian mission received in
house.
June 28 — Roumanian mission arrives in Wash-
ington.
June 29— Greece severs relations with Germany
and her allies.
June 30 — Russians open new offensive in Gali-
cia; eighty-seven German ships seized in
American ports turned over to shipping
board for operation.
July 1 — Russians attack on eighteen-mile front
in Galicia: heavy fighting around Avocourt
hill.
July 3 — Russian drive at Brzezany begins; ar-
tillery battle in Ypres salient.
July 4 — France celebrates July 4; American
troops parade in Paris; German air raiders
bombard Harwich.
July 9 — President Wilson proclaims mobiliza-
tion of national guard.
July 10 — Russians reach Halicz.
July 11 — Germans drive back British troops on
the Belgian coast to the Yser, taking 1,250
prisoners: Italians occupy Dalino: President
Wilson in address asks people to put patriot-
ism above profit.
July 12 — Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg re-
signs.
July 14 — Georg Michaelis becomes German
chancellor.
July 20— Draft day in the United States.
July 22 — Germans capture Tarnopol: Siam de-
clares war on Germany.
July 24 — President Wilson accepts resignation
of Gen. Goethals from shipping board: many
units of Russian army refuse to fight, while
the Germans sweep ahead.
July 27 — German airplanes raid Harwich:
United States shipping board reorganized.
July 28 — More American troops arrive i»
France.
July 30 — Norwegian mission arrives in Wash
ington.
July 31 — British drive in Flanders begun, ej*
tending from Warneton to Dixmude.
Aug. 2 — Germans advance in Bukowina.
Aug. 3 — Austrians take Czemowitz; Russians
evacuate Kimpolung; Root mission returns
from Russia: premier and nearly whole of
Russian cabinet resign; British reoccupy St.
Julien.
Aug. 6— Kerensky forms new cabinet.
Aug. 7 — Liberia declares war on Germany.
Aug. 10 — British drive Germans back on a
two-mile front between Frezenberg- and
Ypres-Menin road; British take Westhoek
ridge.
Aug. 13 — Japanese mission arrives in America.
Aug. 14 — China declares war on Germany and
Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 15 — Pope's peace appeal is published:
Canadians capture Hill 70, dominating Lens.
Aug. 16 — British and French gain on nine mile
front east and north of Ypres; British take
Langemarck.
Aug. 20 — French attack on both sides of
Meuse in Verdun region, taking Avocourt
wood, Le Mort Homme, Corbeaux wood.
Cumieres, Talou ridge. Hills 240 and 244,
Mormont farm and 4,000 prisoners; fight
witnessed by American officers.
Aug. 21 — Canadians tak« 2,000 yards of Ger-
man trenches in outskirts of Lens.
Aug. 23 — Japanese mission arrives in Wash-
ington; Russians evacuate Riga.
Aug. 24— Italians take Monte Santo; French
take Hill 304 near Verdun.
Aug. 26 — Japanese mission lays wreath on
tomb of Washington.
Aug. 27 — General embargo on exports begin-
ning Aug. 30 proclaimed by the president:
full aid to Russia pledged by President Wil-
son; reply of United States to pope's peace
note sent.
Aug. 28 — Canadian conscription bill signed.
Aug. 29 — Italians gain complete control of
Bainsizza plateau.
Aug. 30 — Viscount Ishii addresses the United
States senate: president fixes price of wheat.
Sept. 1 — German troops appear on Carso front.
Sept. 2 — Germans cross the Dvina river south
of Uxkull.
Sept. 3 — Riga captured by the Germans: Ger-
man planes raid Chatham, England, killing
107 sailors and wounding ninety-two.
Sept. 4 and 5— German airplanes drop bombs
on American hospital camp in France, kill-
ing- five and wounding ten persons; Italians
take Monte San Gabriele.
Sept. 5 — Viscount Ishii speaks in house of
representatives: I. W. W. offices in many
cities raided: first contingents (5 per cent)
of national army go to training camps.
Sept. 6 — French repulse German attacks at
Czerny.
Sept. 7 — American liner Minnehaha sunk.
Sept. 8 — State department reveals aid given
by Sweden in German minister's plot ip.
Buenos Aires to cause sinking of Argentine
ships.
Sept. 12 — French take two lines of trenches
in the Champagne, between St. Hilaire and
St. Souplet.
Sept. 13 — State department reveals secret aid
given by Swedish charge d'affaires in Mex-
ico to Germany.
Sept. 20 — British advance along Ypres-Menin
road to a depth of more than a mile and
a half.
Sept. 24 — Price of steel cut by agreement be-
tween manufacturers and war industries
board.
Sept. 28 — British occupy Ramadie on the Eu-
phrates.
Oct. 4 — British win on an eight mile front
north of Langemarck.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
633
Oct. 6 — Extra session of congress ends.
Oct. 7 — Uruguay severs relations with Ger-
many.
Oct. 9 — British drive Germans from Poelca-
pelle: mutiny on German fleet made public.
Oct. 13-17 — Germans take island of Oesel.
Oct. 17 — United States transport Antilles sunk.
Oct. 18 — Germans capture Moon island.
Oct. 23 — French capture Malmaison fort and
four villages.
Oct. 24 — Big- Austro-German drive against Ital-
ian front begun; part of Bainsizza plateau
taken.
Oct. 26 — Italians evacuate Bainsizza plateau.
Oct. 27 — Austrian and German troops advance
through Julian Alps: 2d Italian army de-
feated; announcement made that American
troops are in French trenches for practice.
Oct. 28 — German-Austrian forces take Monte
Santo. Goritz and Cividale; United States
transport Finland torpedoed, but returns to
port: nine men killed.
Oct. 29 — Whole Italian Ispnzo line falls; Ital-
ians retreat to the Tagliamento river.
Oct. 30 — Germans and Austrians take Udine.
Nov. 1 — Germans advance southeastward from
Udine: British take Beersheba.
Nov. 2 — American steamship Rochester tor-
pedoed and sunk;. Italians abandon eastern
bank of the Tagliamento river.
Nov. 3 — Three Americans killed. eleven
wounded and eleven captured by German
trench raiding- party; British attack Gaza.
Nov. 5 — Austro-German forces cross the mid-
dle Tagliamento river; patrol boat Alcedo
torpedoed and sunk.
Nov. 6— Italians abandon the Tagliamento
line.
Nov. 7 — Austro-Germans reach the Livenza
river: British take Gaza.
Nov. 8- — Austro-German forces cross the Li-
venza river and outflank the Italians.
Npv. 9 — Gen. Armando Diaz. made commander-
in-chief of Italian army in place of Gen.
Cadorna: Italians make stand on the Piave
river; interallied military council formed.
Nov. 10 — Italians yield the east bank of the
Piave river; Germans make fruitless attacks
on Verdun positions: British complete con-
quest of Passchendaele ridge; British take
Askalon.
Nov. 11 — Austro-Germans take Belluno, the
Vidor bridgehead and attack Italian positions
in the Sette Comuni plateau.
Nov. 12 — Germans and Austrians advance
down the Piave to Feltre.
Nov. 13 — Austrians cross the Piave at Zenson.
Nov. 14 — Americans ambush German patrol
on French front: Austro-Germans occupy
Primoland and Feltre.
Nov. 15 — Italians hold their positions on the
Piave river: British take junction of Beer-
sheba-Damascus railway.
Nov. 16 — Italians flood lands near Venice to
stop advance of enemy.
Nov. 18 — British take Jaffa.
Nov. 19 — Italians attack on Asiago plateau:
United States destroyer Chauncey sunk in
collision.
Nov. 21— British under Gen. Byngr take Ger-
mans by surprise in Cambrai reigion, ad-
vancing- five miles and taking- thousands of
prisoners: German attacks in Monte Grappa
region stopped by Italians.
Nov. 22 — Germans retake Fontaine Notre
Dame from British.
Nov. 23 — Battle of Cambrai continues: Ger-
man emissaries sent to parley with Russian
peace faction.
Nov. 24 — Secret Russian treaties published;
British occupy Bourlon wood.
Nov. 26 — British advance near Jerusalem:
French and British infantry re-enforcements
reach Italian lines.
Nov. 27— Allied war conference assembles in
Paris.
Nov. 28 — Armistice negotiations begnn with
Germany by bolsheviki; conference of Scan-
dinavian rulers held at Christiania, Norway.
Nov. 29 — Lord Lansdowne urges peace nego-
tiations.
Nov. 30 — The Germans in a determined attack
drive the British back from their positions
for a distance of about two miles: nearly
to the Bapaume-Cambrai road: at the south
end of the new British front 1,he Germans
advance through Gonnelieu to Gouzeaucourt ;
later the British retake Gouzeaucourt and
La Vacquerie.
Dec. 1 — British succeed in regaining nearly a
mile of the front lost near Gouzeaucourt;
several American engineers killed in German
attack.
Dec. 3 — London announces officially that "East
Africa has bean completely cleared of the
enemy"; every German colony is now oc-
cupied by allied forces; armistice arranged
between Russians and Germans; congress
reopens.
Dec. 4 — President Wilson asks congress to de-
clare war on Austria-Hungary; Gen. Duk-
honin killed by bolsheviki at Mohilev.
Dec. 6 — Great disaster caused at Halifax by
explosion of munitions ship; British give up
Bourlon salient: United States destroyer
Jacob Jones torpedoed and sunk.
Dec. 7 — Congress passes resolution declaring-
state of war to exist between the United
States and Austria-Hungary.
Dec. 8 — Government in Portugal overthrown
by revolution.
Dec. 9 — Italians torpedo an Austrian battle
ship in Trieste harbor: capture of Jeru-
salem by British under Gen. Allenby.
Dec. 11 — Gen. Allenby formally enters Jeru-
salem.
Dec. 13 — Funchal, Madeira, bombarded by Ger-
man "U" boat.
Dec. 14 — Secretary Daniels announces that, al-
lied naval council is to be created; congress
investigating delays in war work by ordnance
and other departments; Baron Rothermere
says British will make air reprisals.
Dec. 15 — Col. E. M. House returns from war
mission to Europe: new American war coun-
cil appointed ; Italians repulse the Austro-Ger-
mans between the Brenta and the Piave;
armistice signed by Russia and central pow-
ers at Brest-Litovsk.
Dec. 17 — Conscription wins in Canadian par-
liamentary elections: house of representatives
in Washington votes for national prohibition
amendment; Charles Piez appointed general
manager of the Emergency Fleet corporation;
big Red Cross drive begun in United States.
Dec. 18 — Senate agrees to house prohibition
amendment; German air raiders kill ten and
injure seventy persons in London.
Dec. 19 — Gen. Sarrail recalled from Saloniki.
Dec. 20 — Premier David Lloyd George says the
allies will fight to a finish; state department
publishes many additional Luxburg messages.
Dec. 21 — Anti-German riots in Buenos Aires:
Gen. Pershing bars alcoholic drinks, except
light wines and beers, from army; Gen.
Ludendorff says that only victory can lead to
peace: Italians recapture positions lost on
Monte Asolone.
Dec. 22 — Importation of liquor into Canada
prohibited; conscription rejected in Austra-
lia: Russian and Teuton delegates begin
peace negotiations.
Dec. 23 — Austro-Germans take two peaks at
the head of the Fronzola valley; Italians re-
gain part of lost ground.
Dec. 26— The United States takes over all
railroad lines (beginning Dec. 28) : Secretary
of the Treasury McAdoo appointed director-
general: Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss
made first sea lord in British admiralty.
Dec. 28 — British labor votes to fight war to a
finish: order turning railroads over to the
United States carried out: bolsheviki seize
American bank in Petrotrrad.
Dec. 29 — Turkish-German army tries to recap-
ture Jerusalem but is defeated.
634
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB, 1919.
Dec. 30 — Germans attack British south of Cam-
brai and gain some ground.
Dec. 31 — Director-General McAdoo appoints ad-
visory board to assist in running- railroads:
Cossacks defeat bolsheviki on southwestern
front: British win in attack on Welsh ridgre;
French defeat Austrians on Monte Tomba
and take prisoners.
1918.
Jan. 1 — Ma j. -Gens. William L. Sibert, George
A. Mann and Richard M. Blatchford return
from France: biff fire in Norfolk. Va.. laid
to German plotters: Italians drive foe from
western bank of Piave at Zenson.
-Jan. 2 — Russians quit peace meeting1, denounc-
ing1 German terms: ordnance department of
the army reorganized to speed up work;
summary of work accomplished by House
war mission to Europe published: Ma j. -Gen.
Bullard named to succeed Ma j. -Gen. W. L.
Sibert.
Jan. 3— Allies may recognize Lenin govern-
ment; Maj.-Gen. Goethals reorganizing- the
quartermaster's department of the army;
Emperor William holds crown council in
Berlin on peace question.
Jan. 4 — President Wilson at joint session of
houses of congress asks for railroad legis-
lation: shipping- board asks power to con-
tract for $2,000,000.000 worth of ships;
hospital ship Rewa torpedoed and sunk.
Jan. 5 — Russian delegates absent themselves
from Brest-Litovsk peace conference: Serbian
war mission received by United States sen-
ate: Premier Lloyd George outlines British
war aims and peace terms: France recognizes
independence of Finland.
•Jan. 6 — Germany objects to transferring Russo-
Teuton peace negotiations to Stockholm;
Germans claim victory near Juvincourt on
French front: British grain at Bullecourt.
Jan. 7 — Neutral steamships found to be carry-
ing- ammunition for Germany; Earl Reading
appointed British high commissioner and am-
bassador to the United States: submarine
crews at Kiel mutiny and kill thirty-eight
officers.
Jan. 8 — President Wilson in address before
joint session of houses of congress gives war
aims of the United States in detail: Germany
extends submarine barred zone, effective Jan.
11. to cover the Cape Verde islands, Madeira
and Dakar.
-Jan. 9 — Wilson message approved in message
issued by British labor representatives: Brit-
. ish destroyer Raccoon wrecked.
-Jan. 10 — Heavy snow checks operations on
Italian front: Germans want Sweden to act
as intermediary in peace negotiations with
allies: Mark L. ReQua appointed head of the
oil division of the fuel administration,
-Jan. 11 — Germans withdraw general peace offer
to Russia: German newspapers denounce
President Wilson's peace terms.
Jan. 12 — Bolsheviki agree to continue peace
neg-otiations at Brest-Litovsk ; United States
loans $2.000,000 to Serbia.
-Jan. 13 — Turks reported to have broken armi-
stice by landing 20,000 troops near Trebi-
zond: bolsheviki order no elections for con-
stituent assembly in Russia.
Jan. 14 — Britain calls for 500.000 more' men
for the army: peace parley at Brest-Litovsk
reported broken off: Yarmouth, England,
bombarded by German warships: four shots
flred at Lenin in Petrograd.
Jan. 15— Daniel Willard. chairman war indus-
tries board, resigns: British labor party tells
Russians it accepts principle of self-deter-
mination of peoples.
-Jan. 16 — Fuel Administrator Garfleld orders
manufacturing- concerns to shut down five
days and also on Mondays until the end
of March to save coal: Caillaux plots re-
vealed in Washington and Rome: Russia
threatens Roumania with war.
Jan. 17 — Protests against coal order pour in
on Washing-ton authorities; United States
senate asks suspension of order.
Jan. 18 — Fuelless period under Garfield order
goes into effect: approved by President Wil-
sion in statement to public: constituent as-
sembly begins session in Petrograd with the
bolsheviki in minority; five persons killed
in Petrograd street riot.
Jan. 19 — Bolsheviki authorities forcibly dis-
solve the constituent assembly: demonstra-
tions in England for better food distribu-
tion: Senator Chamberlain in speech in New
York city says war department has "fallen
down" in war work.
Jan. 20 — Turkish cruiser Breslau sunk in bat-
tle at entrance to the Dardanelles: battle
cruiser Goben runs aground; general peace
strike in Austria-Hungary; A. Shingareff and
Prof. F. F. Kokoshine, members of Kerensky
cabinet, murdered in Petrograd hospital.
Jan. 21 — Americans take informal charge of
sector of French front: President Wilson re-
sents Senator Chamberlain's speech and de-
fends Secretary of War Baker; Austrian cab-
inet resigns on account of peace strike; the
Ukraine making1 separate peace with the
central powers.
Jan. 22 — Austrian government reported to have
acceded to socialist demands for reforms:
British food controller establishes two meat-
less days a week; forty persons killed in
Moscow riots.
Jan. 23 — Belgian reply to pope's peace mes-
sage published; resignation of Austrian cab-
inet denied; Germany demands all of Baltic
provinces from Russia: all-Russian conven-
tion of Soviets begins sessions in Petrograd.
Jan. 24 — Senator Chamberlain makes bitter
speech against administration's conduct of
the war; Chancellor von Hertling speaks on
war aims; Russia reported to have rejected
German peace terms.
Jan. 25 — Britain asks for 75,000,000 bushels
more of wheat from the United States.
Jan. 26 — Rear-Admiral F. A. Bowles made as-
sistant general manager of the Emergency
Fleet corporation.
Jan. 27 — President Wilson issues proclamation
asking people to save more food: Director-
General McAdoo orders dismissal of lobby-
ists and unnecessary lawyers by railroads:
Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood and two other
American officers wounded in explosion in
France; Cunard liner Andania sunk by sub-
marine.
Jan. 28— Secretary Baker explains in detail to
senate military committee the work of the
war department in building up army, saying
that 1,500,000 men can go to France in
1918; London raided by German airplanes;
Russia and Roumania cut oft relations: Sec-
retary McAdoo asks for $500,000,000 govern-
ment corporation to finance war industries.
Jan. 29 — Eastern England again raided by Ger-
man airplanes; Sweden said to have in-
tervened in Finland by sending troops to
fight bolsheviki: general strikes reported
in Germany; Italians capture 1,500 Austro-
Germans in the mountain sector of the
front.
Jan. 30 — Peace strikes in Germany growing
more serious. 500.000 persons quitting work;
Germans raid American listening post and
trench, killing two men and wounding several
others: proof that Berlin directed sinking of
Lusitania made public; Italians complete vic-
tory on Asiago plateau: German airplanes
bombard Paris, killing twenty and wound-
ing fifty persons.
Jan. 31 — Strike in Germany still spreading:
bolsheviki capture Kiev: student fires shot
at Lenin in Petrograd; Americans hold sec-
tor on French front: President Wilson sends
message to farmers saying war may be de-
cided in 1918.
Feb. 1 — Berlin placed in state of siege on ac-
count of strike: Argentina recalls attaches
from Berlin and Vienna: Orenburg and
Odessa taken by bolsheviki; cancellation of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
835
• heatless Mondays after Feb. 4 considered.
Feb. 2 — Two Americans killed and nine wound-
ed in artillery duel with Germans in Lor-
raine sector; Roumanians fight Russian bol-
sheviki.
Feb. 3 — Sector of Lorraine front officially an-
• nounced to have been taken over by Ameri-
can troops:. United States and allies agree on
unified campaign; strike in Germany break-
ing1 down.
Feb. 4 — Germans again shell American line in
Lorraine without much effect: registration
of German aliens begun in United States;
fuel oil taken over by government.
Feb. 5 — Transport Tuscania. carrying Ameri-
can troops, torpedoed and sunk with large
loss of life: American general takes com-
mand of sector of front in France: hotels
and restaurants in United States placed on
two-ounce bread ration.
Feb. 6 — President Wilson asks congress for
more power in directing war operations:
King George prorogues parliament; news of
sinking of Tuscania made public.
Feb. 7 — Forty-four bodies from wreck of Tus-
cania washed ashore on Irish coast: sub-
marine that sank Tuscania thought to have
been itself destroyed.
Feb.»8 — German spy with new code caught on
the Nieuw Amsterdam; German artillery
dump exploded by American shell.
Feb. 9 — Peace agreement between central pow-
ers and the Ukraine signed: one American
killed and five wounded by shell fire at
front.
Feb. 10 — Russian delegates at Brest-Litovsk
declare state of war at end; Russian armies
to be dempbilized ; American patrol loses
four men killed, four men missing and two
wpunded in patrol fight at front; list of
missing in Tuscania disaster published.
Feb. 11 — President Wilson addresses congress
in reply to German and Austrian peace
speeches; text of Ukraine-German peace
treaty is made public: German public re-
joices' at end of war with Russia; British
parliament resumes sitting: King George in
speech says war must be pushed: many of
Tuscania dead buried on coast of Scotland.
Feb. 12 — Premier David Lloyd George in speech
before house of commons calls Austro-
German peace talk sham; bolsheviki tell
why they quit war against Germany and
her allies.
Feb. 13 — Suspension of fuelless Monday order
announced by Dr. Garfield; pacifists voted
down in house of commons.
Feb. 14 — Bolo Pasha sentenced to death by
French court-martial for treason: President
Wilson orders investigation of Hog island
shipping contracts.
Feb. 15 — Capt. Vernon Castle killed in flying-
accident near Fort Worth. Tex.: all United
States foreign trade put under license; Em-
peror William says Russia must sign peace
or war will go on; German destroyers sink
eight British "U" boat chasers in channel;
American hospital bombed by German air-
planes but none of patients is injured.
Feb. 16 — German submarine bonibards Dover.
killing- one child and injuring- seven other
. persons: Germans bombard American sector
with gas shells without success; Gen. Sir
William Robertson, chief of British staff,
resigns and is succeeded by Gen Sir Henry
H. Wilson; German airplanes raid London,
killing- eleven persons and wounding- four;
President Wilson issues proclamation requir-
ing licenses for all imports and exports.
Feb. 17 — German airplanes again raid London.
killing sixteen persons and injuring- thirty-
seven: announcement made that American
and French troops together have been hold-
ing trenches on one of the most famous bat-
tle fields of the war: President Wilson ends
shipyard strike on Atlantic coast: board to
frame nation's labor program named by Sec-
retary Wilson.
Feb. 18— Senator Charles Humbert arrested
in Paris: Germans resume operations on the
Russian front, crossing- the Dvina.
Feb. 19 — Germans occupy Dvinsk and Lutsk
and press on into Russia: Lenin and
Trotzky sign statement announcing surrender
of Russia; Ensign Krylenko orders army to
resist advance of Germans; Premier Lloyd
George makes speech in house of commons
defending- plan adopted at Versailles allied
conference.
Feb. 20 — Germans advance on Rovno and oc-
cupy Minsk and Lutsk with much additional
territory; send expedition to aid Finns in
driving bolsheviki fioni Finland.
Feb. 21 — Capture of Rovno with large amount
of food and war material announced from
Berlin; German troops land at Reyal; Avia-
tor Roland G. Barros and companion escape
into Holland from German prison; American
airplane shipment on way to France an-
nounced in Washington.
Feb. 22 — British capture Jericho: heavy bom-
bardment along- whole of French front; Rus-
sian soviet orders "defense to the death"
against Germans; three Americans killed by
shell on French front.
Feb. 23 — German armies reach Dubno in
Volhynia and Walk in Livonia: allied labor
conference in London agrees to support
British war aims; Turks attack Russians in
the Caucasus; Germans publish new terms
on which they will make peace with Russia;
President Wilson fixes price of 1918 wheat.
Feb. 24 — Germans reported to be massing men
and guns in front of American sector; Rus-
sia to send envoys to parley with the Ger-
mans, whose peace terms are accepted: allied
ambassadors preparing to leave Petrograd;
Turks retake Trebizond.
Feb. 25 — Germans announce capture of Reval:
Chancellor von Hertling- makes new peace
speech in reichstag- in reply to President
Wilson.
Feb. 26— Five American soldiers killed and
100 or more disabled by German gas at-
tack; U. S. naval tug Cherokee founders in
storm; twenty-nine lives lost.
Feb. 27 — Arthur J. Balfour, British- secretary
for foreign affairs, makes address in house
of commons in reply to Chancellor von
Hertling; Japan wishes to intervene in Si-
beria with American help.-
Feb. 28 — Russians beginning to resist German
advance near Luga and Pskov; allied am-
bassadors leave Petrograd.
March 1 — Americans in Toul sector repulse
heavy German raid, killing- many of the
enemy; abdication of King Ferdinand said to
have been demanded by central powers as
price of peace.
March 2 — Germans capture Kiev in the
Ukraine; Germans occupy Aland islands:
Russian delegation at Brest-Litovsk accepts
German peace terms: Japan considers tak-
ing speedy action in Siberia.
March 3:— German airmen bomb various parts
of Petrograd, killing a number of civilians:
Berlin announces cessation of military move-
ments in Great Russia on account of signing
. of peace treaty; Sweden reported to have
protested to Germany against occupation of
Aland islands; Premier Clemenceau praises
American troops in sector where they re-
pelled the German raid.
March 4 — Roumania accepts German armistice
conditions; Russians stop fighting; Austrians
continue operations in Podolia; French make
successful raid on German trenches at Ca-
lonne. east of the Meuse. taking- 150 prison-
ers: Germans again attack American sector
but are repulsed.
March 5 — Bolshevik government flees from
Petrograd; Sir Eric Geddes in speech says
German "U" boats are sunk as fast as built;
Japan to invade Siberia without American
approval; President Wilson appoints Bernard
636
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
M. Barueh chairman of war industries board ;
Roumania and central powers sign prelim-
inary peace treaty.
March 6-7-Announcement made that Americana
hold eight-mile front in France; Ensign
Krylenko protests against continued fighting
by Germans in Russia; Leon Trotzky threat-
ens holy war; Wisconsin assembly censures
Senatpr LaFollette for anti-American atti-
tude in war.
March 7— Finland and Germany sign peace
treaty; German airplanes raid London, kill-
ing- eleven persons.
March 8 — Wolff bureau announces that Ger-
many baa acquired a direct free route via
Russia to Persia and Afghanistan; Leon
Trotzky resigns as Russian foreign minister ;
Spain signs commercial treaty with the
United States enabling American expedition*
in France to get needed supplies.
March 9 — Indictment of Victor L. Berger and
other socialist leaders by federal grand jury
in Chicago Feb. 2 made public; Prince Lvqff
said to have organized a new government in
Siberia; Germans attack British at Poelder-
hoek.
March 10 — Newton D. Baker. American sec-
retary of war, arrives in France; British at-
tack Germans and drive them back at
Poelderhoek.
March 11 — American troops make successful
raid on German trenches in Lorraine; Secre-
tary Baker arrives in Paris; Paris raided by
large number of German airplanes; enemy
airplanes bomb Naples; British machines
bombard Coblenz; President Wilson sends
message to people of Russia.
March 12 — Zeppelins and airplanes raid York-
shire and neighboring counties in England;
Turks enter Erzerum.
March 13 — Odessa occupied by the Germans,
announcement is made that Capt. Archibald
Roosevelt has been wounded and has been
awarded war cross by French for bravery
and coolness under heavy fire.
March 14 — American troops in LunevQle sec-
tor occupy German trenches northeast of
Badenvillers; allies decide to commandeer
1,000,000 tons of Dutch shipping; congress
of Soviets in Moscow ratifies German peace
terms.
March 15 — Hindenburg- and Ludendorff threat-
en big offensive on west front if allies are
not responsive to peace overtures; Minister
Morris protests to Gen. Mannerheim in Fin-
land against arrest of Americans by Germans ;
maximalists reported to have murdered 150
Japanese at Blagovestchensk, Siberia; ex-
plosion in munition factory near Paris kills
thirty persons.
March 16 — Germans make strong attack on
American lines north of Toul, but are de-
feated; Gen. von Gallwitz placed in command
of new German army group in front of
American sector; split between bolsheviki
and social revolutionaries in Russia widen-
ing; United States army staff to be made
up of men with experience at French front;
American Red Cross mission to Roumania
arrives safely in Moscow.
March 17 — Heavy German attacks on French
in the Bezonvaux region repulsed; British
repel raids near Zonnebeke and Cambrai;
British aviators carry out strong bombing
raids at Kaiserlautern, Bavaria, and else-
where: Germans threaten Dutch with "U"
boat raids if ships are turned over to allies.
March 18 — Entente prime and foreign min-
isters after meeting of war council in Lon-
don issue statement denouncing- German
.>eace terms forced upon Russia; Dutch gov-
ernment offers compromise agreement on
ship question; lively shelling on American
front in France: Mannheim bombed by Brit-
ish airmen.
March 19— Secretary of War Baker has nar-
row escape from shell at front; Germans
invite neutral corresppndents to witness com-
ing offensive; collision with British war
vessel causes death of sixteen men on the
United States destroyer Manley; small Ger-
man raider captured in Pacific oft Mexico.
March 20— The United States and Britain req-
uisition all Dutch ships in their waters;
total tonnage taken about 1,000,000.
March 21-7-Germans begin heavy offensive
along British front from the Oise to the
Scarpe, a distance of fifty miles; British
bombard Ostend from the sea; four Ger-
man destroyers and torpedo boats sunk by
British and French destroyers off Dunkerque;
Americans smash German first and second
line defenses at Luneville.
March 22— British line bent back in some
places by Germans, who claim to have taken
16,000 prisoners; Dutch angry at United
States for requisitioning ships.
March 23 — Germans drive the British back
over a front of about twenty-one miles to a
depth of four or five miles west of Cambrai;
Berlin claims that large part of British army
is beaten and that 25,000 enemy troops have
been captured; Paris is bombarded by Ger-
man gun supposed to be seventy-four miles
away, but little damage is done.
March 24 — Germans capture Chauny, Ham,
Peronne and the heights of Monchy and
cross the River Somme; British line after a
retreat of about fifteen miles holds fast;
Americans reported to be assisting the Brit-
ish; bombardment of Paris with long range
gun continues.
March 25 — Germans capture Bapaume, Nesle
and Guiscard; French take over part of front
in southern Somme region: British carry out
many bombing expeditions; confidence in
outcome of struggle expressed by all the
allies; Gen. Leonard Wood tells United States
senate committee that much larger armies
must be raised.
March 26 — Germans take Roye and lahons
and cross the Bapaume-Albert road near
Courcelette and Poziefes; French, British
and American troops fight side by side in
. the Noyon region and help to slow up
German advance; British hold dominance in
air, bringing down in five days, March 21-25,
inclusive, 239 enemy machines and losing
only thirty; British capture Hit in Mesopo-
tamia with 3,000 Turks; Russians recap-
ture Odessa and Kherson.
March 27 — British recapture Morlancourt
and Chipilly but lose Albert; allied armies
hold at most places; French troops give
ground and lose Montdidier but repulse all
attacks in the regions of Lassigny and
Noyon; Germans make brief attack on
American sector without success; Premier
Lloyd George asks United States to hasten
troops to France.
March 28— Heavy attacks made by Germans
east of Arras, north and south of the
Scarpe and south of the Somme ; British
hold in most places, though forced to give
way slightly near Arras; French drive Ger-
mans back, recapture villages of Courte-
manche. Mesnil-St. Georges and Assainvillera
and advance nearly two miles between Las-
signy and Noyon; agreement believed to have
been reached to place allies under one su-
preme command.
March 29 — Germans advance slowly in the
direction of Amiens; British hold their posi-
tions in Arras region and French resist at-
tacks in the Montdidier district; long range
gun kills seventy-five persons in Paris
church; Gen. Pershing places American
forces at the disposal ol Gen. Poch; offer
accepted.
March 30 — American troops march to front
to take part in great battle; Germans attack
French between Moreuil and Lassignv on a
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
637
thirty-five mile front, but gain only minor
advantages ; no progress made by Teutons
elsewhere, British firmly resisting- strong: at-
tacks in the region of Boirey and Boyelles
and north of the Somme.
March 31 — British and French retake Demuin
and Moreuil with a considerable number of
prisoners and machine guns; battle on the
whole slackening1, the Germans in many
places digging: themselves in; choice of Gen.
Foch as chief commander of the allies popu-
lar in London.
April 1 — Germans carry out new attacks
ag-ainst Grivesnes, but are repulsed; enemy
attacks in vicinity of Hangard-en-Santerre
are also beaten back; Gen. Foch says safety
of Amiens has been secured; liner Celtic
torpedoed but not sunk.
April 2 — British capture prisoners and ma-
chine gruns between the Luce and the Avre
rivers and in the vicinity of Hebuterne;
Ayette retaken by British; Germans coneen-
. trating troops in the Amiens region ; Secre-
tary Baker visits Italian front; liner Celtic
returns to English port.
April 3 — German attack between Morisel and
Mailly-Raineval repulsed; violent artillery
fighting between Demuin and Hangard-en-
Santerre maintained; Gen. Sir Hugh Gough
superseded by Gen. Rawlinson; Germans
make gas attack on American sector.
April 4 — Germans take Mailly-Raineval and
Morisel from French, but fail to capture
Grivesnes; Germans launch strong1 attack on
British front between Somme and Avre
rivers and advance slightly near Hamel; Ger-
mans attack Americans holding1 sector on
Meuse heights south of Verdun but are re-
pulsed; Robert P. Praeger, pro-German,
lynched at Collinsville, 111.
April 5 — British attack Germans near Hebu-
terne, taking1 200 prisoners; Germans attack
north and south of Dermancourt, southwest
of Albert, and press British line back
slig-htly; French resist successfully attacks
by fifteen German divisipns north of Mont-
didier and improve their position in the
regions of Mailly-Raineval and Cantigny;
small force of Japanese troops landed at
Vladivostok to protect life and property.
April 6 — Germans attack French between Mes-
nil-St. Georg-e and Monchel. but fail to ad-
vance; French withdraw from advanced posts
on the Abbecourt front, south of Chauny
and at Barisis: Americans foil attempted
raid in Toul sector and take prisoners: third
liberty loan campaign launched in the United
States; call issued for 150.000 more national
army men: President Wilson makes war
speech in Baltimore.
April 7 — Two German raids on American
trenches northwest of Toul repulsed, with
enemy casualties: British retake positions
on the west side of the Ancre river, north
of Albert.
April 8 — German artillery begins activity on
whole British battle front: Germans advance
slig-htly in the region of the lower Coucy
forest.
April 9 — Germans attack in the La Bassee
canal region and force their way into British
and Portuguese positions in the neighbor-
hood of Neuve Chapelle, Fauquissart and
Cardonnerie farm; also take part of Gi-
venchy, but are driven out: Premier Lloyd
Georg-e makes speech in house of commons
on the war and introduces bill for Irish
conscription: fact of American submarines
and other war craft operating- in European
waters made public.
April 10 — North of Armentieres the British
troops are pressed back to the line of
Wytschaete, Messines ridge and Ploeg-steert :
British take 750 prisoners at Givenchy;
Germans claim to have taken 6,000 British
prisoners and 100 grins; French repulse all
attacks: Americans beat off heavy attack in
Toul sector.
April 11— British forced to evacuate Armen-
tieres, but hold Messines ridge after heavy
fighting-; resistance to Germans on north front
stiffening- : violent fighting1 near Montdidier;
- French government publishes letter showing1
that Emperor Charles of Austria favored
restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
April 12— Field Marshal Haig- issues order to
army to "fight it out" to the end; Germans
maintain strong- pressure south and south-
west of Bailleul trying- to outflank Arras
positions, make slight progress between the
Lawe and Clarence rivers and capture Mer-
ville, southwest of Armentieres: French and
Americans repulse attack in Apremont wood,
east of St. Mihiel; German airplanes raid
Paris, killing- twenty-six and wounding- sev-
enty-two persons; five persons killed by
German airplanes raiding- England; ninety-
three German airplanes felled in France;
Americans defeat Germans in long- fight on
Toul front, taking- thirty-six prisoners
April 13— British retake Neuve Eglise and post
near Givenchy: British and French recapture
Hang-ard; Germans claim to have taken Lo-
con by storm; Amiens cathedral hit by Ger-
man shell: Germans begin attack on Ameri-
cans on the right bank of the Meuse, north
of St. Mihiel; Turks capture Batum, on the
Black sea.
April 14— Heavy fighting- about Neuve Eg-lise
and in the neighborhood of Bailleul: Ger-
mans take Men-is and Vieux Berquin; Ger-
mans continue attack on Americans north of
St. Mihiel and are repulsed with heavy loss;
Count Czernin. Austro-Hungarian minister of
foreign affairs, resigns: United States collier
Cyclops, with 293 persons aboard, missing
since March 13.
April 15— Germans again take Neuve Eglise:
seven assaults against British trenches at
Merville repulsed: British retake Arrevage,
east of Nieppe forest: severe fighting for
possession of Hangard: Secretary of War
Baker returns from Europe; ten armed Ger-
man trawlers sunk in Cattegat by British
destroyers.
April 16— Germans capture Bailleul. Wulver-
ghem, Wytschaete and the greater part of
Messines ridge: British house of commons
passes Irish conscription bill; Bolo Pasha
executed for treason at Vincennes, France:
Charles M. Schwab appointed director-gen-
eral of shipbuilding- in the United States.
April 17— French troops come to aid British
line in north, co-operating on the Meteren-
Merris line; Germans announce capture of
Poelcapelle, Passchendaele and Langemarck;
British gain ground at Meteren, but are
forced back; Viscount Milner appointed Brit-
ish secretary of war; Earl Derby made am-
bassador to France: Baron Burian made
Austro-Hungarian minister of foreign af-
fairs: Turks approaching city of Kars.
April 18— British repel attacks on a twelve-
mile front from St. Venant to Givenchy:
German attempts to cross La Bassee canal
in the direction of Bethune fail with heavy
loss; French forces gain ground on a two-
mile front on the Avre river; Germans win
po successes anywhere on the front; city
of Reims, on fire a week, reduced to ruins
by German shells; President Wilson issues
proclamation appointing April 26, 1918, as
Liberty day; British man-power bill passed
by house of lords and becomes a law.
April 19— Germans stopped at all points:
Italian troops to be in west front line, it is
announced in Rome and Washington; Fin-
nish and German troops invade Russia.
April 20— Twelve hundred German shock
troops attack Americans near Renners forest
and take village of Seicheprey from them;
all the lost ground recovered by counterat-
tack; German raid near St. Mihiel easily
repulsed by Americans; lull on British and
638
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
French front, except northeast oi Ypres,
where a German drive is halted.
April 21 — Premier Ciemenceau visits allied
front; Americans recover some outposts lost
to the Germans on the Toul front; further
reports received of Finnish-German invasion
of Russia, in the direction of the White sea;
British and French troops landed at Mur-
mansk on the Kola peninsula to co-operate
against bolshevik forces; Irish conference in
Dublin decides to resist conscription; Baron
von Richthofen, German "ace" -aviator,
killed.
April 22 — British advance slightly in the
Robecq sector and at Albert and Villers-
Bretonneux; Germans reported to be massing'
troops on the line of Bailleul and Neuve
Eglise; German-Dutch relations strained; na-
tional assembly of Guatemala practically de-
clares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
by taking same position as the United States
toward the European belligerents.
April 23— British and French attack Zeebrugge
and Ostend and sink five old cruisers in
harbor channels to bottle up "U" boat
bases; Germans attack at Dranoutre on the
Flanders front, but are repulsed; another
attack northwest of Albert also repulsed;
German bombardment between the Somme
and the Avre becomes violent; Uruguay and
Argentina expected to declare war on Ger-
many.
April 24 — Germans attack French and Ameri-
cans in vicinity of Hangard and press them
back slightly; also attack British front south
of the Somme, capturing Villers-Bretonneux ;
British capture post at Festubert; Dutch
minister leaves Berlin and German minister
leaves The Hague: John D. Ryan apppinted
director of aircraft production; first list of
U. S. marines killed and wounded on French
front published: liner St. Paul turns over
at its dock in eastern seaport.
April 25 — Germans occupy part of Mont Kem-
mel after heavy fighting; British recapture
Villers-Bretonneux: French forced out of
Hangard, but hold ground in vicinity. x
April 26 — Germans complete capture of Mont
Kemmel and take Dranoutre and St. Eloi;
allies retake some ground at Hangard, oc-
cupying part of the town; battle continu-
ing with extreme violence: tanks taking part
in struggle on both sides; Dutch stop all
army and navy leaves: Liberty day observed
in the United States with parades and
other demonstrations.
April 27 — British and French stop all attacks
by enemy: French reoccupy Locre after being
forced back: Germans try to take Voorme-
zeele but fail: movement in Austria-Hungary
to force Emperor Charles to abdicate; coun-
ter-revolution in Petrograd to restore czar-
ism reported.
April 28 — Hard fighting continues about Locre
and Voormezeele; British withdraw over the
Steenbach river east of Ypres: Germans take
Hill 60: violent bombardments from Villers-
Bretonneux to the Luce river and in regions
west of Noyon: Holland makes concessions
to Germany and crisis is less acute: Kars
occupied by Turks.
April 29 — British positions from Meteren to
Zillebeke heavily attacked but are unshaken;
attacks on Belgian front also repulsed: Ger-
mans fail in attacks on Scherpenberg and
Mont Rouge: presence of American troops
on line defending Amiens and Paris an-
nounced: day described as a disastrous one
for the Germans.
April 30 — French recapture Locre: fighting on
both the French and British fronts confined
chiefly to artillery engagements; Gavrilo
Prinzip. who killed Archduke Francis Ferdi-
nand and his wife in Seraievo. Bosnia, dies
in prison from tuberculosis: German white
guards tak* Viborg-; American troons win
flsrht n^ar Villers-Bretonnenx east of Amiens.
May 1 — Bohemian troops fighting in Italian
army against Austria: Germans preparing'
for new assault against British and French
on western front; British take 5.241 prison-
ers in April.
May 2 — Germans bombard allied positions west
of Men-is and area around Villers-Breton-
neux, but make no infantry attack; allies
strengthen their defenses; Germans occupy
Sebastopol in the Crimea: Secretary Baker
lays army plans before senate committee.
May 3 — Germany to propose peace to England:
Gen. Colijn arrives in London from Holland
to sound British government on peace:
French drive Germans from Hill 82 west
of Avre river: German artillery centers fire
on line between Givenchy and Nieppe forest i
Gen. Foch made commander in chief of Ital-
ian armies as well as of other allied forces;
war department issues May draft «all for
233-,472 men; Ma j. -Gen. James W. McAndrew
made chief of staff to Gen. Pershing; United
States and Norway conclude trade agree-
ment.
May 4— Germans begin heavy bombardment on
Scherpenberg and Mont Rouge, but make no
infantry attacks; reciprocal bombardments
north and south of the Avre river: Emperor
Charles instructs premier to dissolve parlia-
ment; activity on Italian front: America's
third liberty loan ends with the minimum,
heavily oversubscribed.
May 5 — Americans in Toul sector thwart Ger-
man effort to occupy trench in Bois Brule
west of Apremont: Franco-British forces
advance between Locre and Drancourt;
heavy Austrian artillery fire along Lombardy
and Trentino line.
May 6 — Australians drive Germans back near
Morlancourt, between the Ancre and Somme
rivers: Canadian line extended in vicinity
of Neuyille-Vitasse, Mercatel and Boisleux-
St. Marie: Germans rain mustard shells on
American troops on Picardy front; British
defeated at Es-Salt. Palestine.
M.ay 7 — Nicaragua declares war on Germany;
British cabinet crisis caused by letter writ-
ten by Gen. Maurice: operations on western
front confined chiefly to bombardments;
Aviator Hall of Iowa missing inside German
lines; American troops arriving on French
front in force.
May 8 — Germans take parts of allied front
trenches in the Voormezeele-La Clytte sector,
near Ypres, but are driven out by counter-
attack; Germans also attack on the Flan-
ders front north of Kemmel ' and suffer
heavy casualties: American patrol wiped out
in Toul sector; terms of German-Roumanian
peace treaty published; nine American gun-
ners killed by accidental shell explosion at
Benbrook, near Fort Worth. Tex.
May 9 — Three German divisipns defeated in
La Clytte-Voormezeele sector by allied artil-
lery fire: Premier Lloyd George sustained
in the British house of commons by a vote
of 293 to 106; man landed from German
submarine on coast of Ireland arrested:
Lieut. Rene Fonck shoots down six German
planes in one day.
May 10— Old cruiser Vindictive sunk by the
British at entrance to Ostend harbor, block-
ing the channel: British recapture trench
northwest of Albert: French take Grivesnes
park and 258 prisoners: American heavy
guns cause fires in villages of Cantigny and
Mesnil-St. Georges, west of Montdidier;
Italians capture dominating position of
Monte Corno.
May 11 — Americans shelled by Germans near
Apremont and Parroy; Germans repulsed by
French in the Bois la Caune; Turkey re-
ported to be exterminating Greeks: regiment
of American national army parades before
King George in London: French capture
height north of Kemmel with 100 prisoners.
May 12 — German attack on new French posi-
tion northwest of Orvillers-Sorel repulsed
with severe loss to enemy; Gen. Foch not to
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
63»
Use American army until it becomes a com-
plete and powerful force, said to be deci-
sion of war committee; Emperors William
and Charles hold conference at German army
headquarters.
May 13 — Report as to holding1 American army
in reserve found to be untrue; American
shells set fire to Montdidier and blow up
German ammunition dump.
May 14 — German attacks near Morlancourt
and on Hill 44 repulsed by British and
French forces respectively: French troops
capture wood west of Avro river near
Hailles; Italians torpedo Austrian dread-
nought in Pola harbor.
May 15 — Germany said to have declared war
on Ekaterinoslav, Odessa and Poltava: Direc-
tor Duval of the Bonnet Rouge newspaper
sentenced to death by court -mr.uial in Paris
for treason: French retain hold on Hill 44
against strong German attacks: bombs
dropped on Paris suburbs by German air-
planes; closer alliance between Germany
and Austria arranged at meeting of emperors
on May 12: President Wilson announces ap-
pointment of Charles E. Hughes to conduct
investigation of aircraft charges.
May 16 — Both allied and German aviators un-
usually active on western front; Gen. Per-
shing's first official communique on opera-
tions issued by war department in Washing-
ton.
May 17 — Announcement made that American
troops have joined the British in Picardy:
Sinn Fein leaders arrested and discovery of
German plot in Ireland proclaimed; British
capture German post at Merris: French pen-
etrate German positions at Canny-sur-Matz
and take forty prisoners: bolshevik troops
drive Turks from Baku.
May 1&— President Wilson opens Red Cross
campaign with speech in New York city;
heavy loss of life caused by destruction of
^3Stna explosives plant at Oakdale. Pa.; oper-
ations on western front confined to artillery
activity.
May 19 — Maj. Rapul Lufbery, American ace
aviator, killed in aerial fight; Australian
troops take Ville-sur-Ancre with 3 SO Ger-
mans and twenty machine guns: French war
office announces advance of twelve miles
by Italian and French forces on western
Macedonian line May 15 to 17; five German
raiding- airplanes brought down in England.
May 20 — French advance on a two-mile front
near Mont Kemmel and take 400 prisoners;
Maj. Lufbery buried with full military
honors: Red Cross campaign for another
8100,000,000 begun in United States.
May 21 — Savage fighting on the northern side
of the Lys salient in Flanders reported:
Americans take prisoners in reconnoiasance
combats in Lorraine: Secretary McAdoo or-
ders railroads managed by federal directors
instead of by their presidents.
May 22 — German positions and cantonments in
Gerechamp wood bombarded with gas shells
by Americans: operations by both allies and
Germans on west front confined chiefly to
artillery actions and raids.
May 23 — Troopship Moldavia torpedoed with
loss of fifty-three American soldiers: many
bombarding1 expeditions carried out by the
allies on German lines of communication:
Mrs. Rose Pastor Stokes found guilty under
spy law in Kansas City, Mo.: all men of
draft age must engage in useful work, new
order by the president.
May 24 — Costa Rica declares war on central
powers; Mexico and Cuba break off diplo-
matic relations: Secretary Baker says Amer-
ican army corps will be sent to Italy; anni-
versary of Italy's entrance into war ob-
served; Count James Minotto ordered in-
terned.
May 25— Second American Red Cross war
fund of $100.000.000 oversubscribed: Amer-
ican reconnoitering1 forces in Picardy have
fight in "no man's land" and take several
prisoners; German airmen on western front
slow to attack allied flyers: Col. Roose-
velt criticizes President Wilson and Post-
master Burleson for unfairness.
May 26 — German fire on British front increas-
ing in intensity at various places: severat
fights between American and German patrols-
reported: American railway employe*
granted raise of salaries by government.
May 27 — Germans begin second great offensive.,
taking the Chemin des Dames Irom the*-
French and crossing the Aisne: also attack
British divisions at Berry-au-Bac, forcing
the troops on the left to fall back; Frencht
repulse Germans on Lys battle front; Amer-
icans rout three German raiding parties
west of Montdidier: President Wilson ap-
pears before congress and aska for addi-
tional revenue legislation.
May 28 — Germans cross the Vesle river at
Fismes, but are stopped northeast and east
of Soissons; British hold firmly at Fort
Thierry; Berlin claims capture of 15,000'
prisoners; American troops northwest of
Montdidier attack German line on a front of
one and one-quarter miles, capture village'
of Cantigny and take 200 prisoners.
May 29 — Soissons taken by the Germans, but
allies hold outskirts of that city and also
Reims, giving ground slowly without using"
many reserves: Americans consolidate their-
positions at Cantigny and repel several coun-
terattacks.
May 30 — Germans approach close to the Marne»
at a point about fifty-five miles from Paris,
occupying Fere-en-Tardenois and Vezillyt
French hold enemy back near Soissons and
Reims; enemy attacks on Americans at
Cantigny repulsed; no serious attacks on.
rest of front.
May 31 — Germans reach Chateau Thierry and!
other points on the Marne, where they are>
halted by the French; attacks near Bleran-
court and Neuilly-St. Front broken upj.
Americans in Woevre region destroy ad-
vanced enemy positions; 'submarine sink*
United States transport President Lincoln.
westbound from European port.
June 1 — Germans capture Chouy and Neuilly-
St. Front; fierce fighting on both sides of
the Ourcq river; French take 200 prisoners
and four tanks at Fort Pompelle southeast
of Reims; all German attempts to cross th&
Marne fail.
June 2 — French resist successfully strong-
enemy attacks north of the Ourcq and the
Marne and recapture several small villages,
including Longpont, Corey and Troesnes;
halt Germans at Chateau Thierry; German
submarines on coast of United States sink:
several American vessels.
June 3 — Ten American ships sunk on At-
lantic coast by German submarines betweea
about May 26 and June 3; German progress-
on western front stopped at all points by
allies; fighting continues on allied left flank
between the Marne and the Oise.
June 4— Germans take Pernant but make lit-
tle progress elsewhere; Gen. Pershing re-
ports that Americans brigaded with French
troops helped to repulse Germans at Chateau
Thierry, Veuilly-la-Poterie and Jaulgonne;.
most of survivors of the liner Carolina reach,
the American coast; French tank steamer-
Radioleine saved from submarine by Amer-
ican destroyer off coast of Maryland.
June 5— French repulse attacks at Monta—
lagache, Vingre and Changny farm; Amer-
ican patrols i i Picardy and Lorraine pene-
trate enemy positions and inflict losses in-,
killed and wounded; draft registration day-
in the United States for men arriving' at age*
of 21 since June 5, 1917.
June 6— American marines gain two miles on
a two and a half mile front and take 10O
prisoners near Veuilly northwest of Chateau
Thierry; take Hill 142 near Torcy and «nUr
640
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Torcy itself; Germans repeatedly thrown
back in attempting to cross the Oise river
south of Noyon.
June 7 — French and Americans complete cap-
ture of Vilny, Veuilly-la-Poterie, Bussaires,
Torcy, Belleau and the heights southeast of
Haute Vesnes; Americans in second battle
northwest of Chateau Thierry advance nearly
two and a half miles 011 a six-mile front and
take 300 prisoners; French recapture Hill
204; seven persons arrested in New York
for plotting- against the United States.
June 8 — Losses around Chateau Thierry ad-
mitted by Germans; French carry their lines
to Dammard and east of Chezy; Americans
build 629 ships in five months; United
States senate told that Gen. Pershing per-
sonally led the American attack at Can-
tigny.
June 9— ^Germans begin new offensive between
Montdidier and the Oise and advance about
four miles, reaching villages of Ressons-sur-
Matz and Mareuil but making little progress
elsewhere; Americans beat off attacks on
Hill 204; American steamer Pinar del Rio
sunk by submarine off coast of Maryland.
June 10— Germans advance two miles and take
villages of Mery, Belloy and St. Maury,
claiming the capture of 8,000 French; Ger-
man losses declared by correspondents to be
extremely heavy; American marines capture
Belloy wood; Italians torpedo and sink Aus-
trian battle ship Szent Istvan; Secretary
Baker says 700,000 American troops are
in France.
June 11— French inflict severe defeat on Ger-
mans on a front of seven miles between
Rubescourt and St. Maur, taking 1,000
prisoners; French recapture Belloy; German
attacks against Chevineourt repulsed; Amer-
icans complete capture of Belleau wood, tak-
ing 300 prisoners and several machine guns
and mortars; Russian cadets appeal to the
United States for intervention; Russian am-
bassador in Paris also gives reasons why
allies should intervene in the east.
June 12 — Germans cross the Matz river and
take the village of Melicocq and the heights
of Croix Ricard; French retire from salient
south ol Noyon and east of the Oise river,
giving up positions in Carlepont wood;
French make further progress in region of
Belloy wood and St. Maur, taking 400 more
prisoners, with numerous cannon and ma-
chine guns; Americans consolidate their posi-
tions north and east of Belleau wood.
June 13— French throw the Germans back
across the Matz river; Germans take vil-
lages near forest of Villers-Cotterets but
make small progress; Americans repulse
heavy attacks on the line Belleau-Boursesches
with heavy losses; German advance checked
at nearly all points; President Poincare on
anniversary of arrival of first American
troops in France sends messages of appre-
ciation to President Wilson and Gen. Per-
shing.
June 14 — No infantry action anywhere on the
French front; the latest German offensive
pronounced a costly failure, the gains of
territory not compensating for the heavy
losses sustained; President Wilson replies
to President Poincare's message of con-
gratulation and says that men and material
will be sent until the forces of freedom are
made overwhelming.
June 15— Austrians begin offensive against
Italians along 100-mile front, crossing the
Piave in several places and obtaining other
small successes: no battles of importance
on western front.
June 16 — Austrians claim to have captured
6.000 allied troops and fifty cannon;
Italians in counterattacks drive back the
Austrians in most places and take 3,000
prisoners; heaviest fighting in eastern sec-
tion of Asiago plateau, the end of Brenta val-
ley, on Monte Grappa and at various points
on the Piave river; situation on western
front unchanged.
June 17 — Allies on the Italian front take the
offensive, especially in the mountainous re-
gions; Austrians continue violent attacks on
the Montello plateau and along the Piave,
especially from St. Andrea to San Dona di
Piave; Austrians capture Capo Sile, twenty
miles from Venice; Italian, British and
French tropps capture 4,500 Austrians;
general political situation in Austria re-
ported to be grave.
June 18 — Austrians halted with enormous
losses on most parts of the front; further
attempts to cross the Piave frustrated;
fighting continues most violently on Mon-
tello plateau and the lower stretches of the
Piave; Germans begin violent attacks against
the French in the Reims sector, but are
held; announcement made that American
troops (32d division) are fighting1 in Alsace
on German territory: Bonar Law, in speech
in house of commons, reviews the war situ-
ation and calls attention to importance of
assistance given by American army in
France.
June 19— Austrians claim advance across
Fossalta canal, but Italians say gain there
and elsewhere on the front is insignificant;
allies get complete mastery in the air on
Italian front; German defeat before Reims
complete; American patrols raid German
trenches at Chateau Thierry and bring back
prisoners.
June 20 — Hungry mobs stone imperial palace
in Vienna. ; Italians recapture Capo Sile and
hold firmly elsewhere: Austrian offensive
termed a costly failure; American troops
storm and take German trenches east of
Cantigny; American aviators assisting on
Italian front.
June 21— Austrian cabinet resigns; 150,000
workers on strike in Vienna; Italians gain
along whole line; Austrian losses placed at
more than 120,000 men; Americans make
several successful minor attacks on north
side of Belleau wood; United States gun-
boat Schurz, formerly the Geicr, sunk in
collision off the coast of ITorth Carolina.
June 22 — Austrian offensive on Italian front
comes to a disastrous dose; Czecho-Slovak
prisoners taken by Austrians executed as
traitors.
June 23— On the Piave river front in Italy
from the Montello to the Adriatic the Aus-
trians retreat in disorder, abandoning many
guns and much war material; Italians, pur-
suing vigorously, capture thousands of
prisoners; Americans clear out remainder of
Belleau wood, taking five machine guns.
June 24 — Losses of Austrians on Piave front
described as enormous; 40,000 prisoners
taken by the Italians; positir '- on western
front unchanged.
June 25 — Foreign Secretary Richard von
Kuehlmann and Chancellor Count von Hert-
ling give Germany's war aims: Italian at-
tacks in mountain regions result in gain of
ground: Austrian loss placed at 250 000;
Americans take more than 200 prisb"3rg
northwest of Belleau wood.
June 26-^-In battle beginning June 25 Ameri-
cans Mil 700 Germans and capture more
than 250 out of 1,200 on a ridge north of
the Bois de Belleau: Italians advance a mile
in Monte Grappr sector: Alexander Kerensky,
former Russian leader, appears before labor
conference *n London.
June 27 — Reports of assassination of former
czar o: Russia received from many sources:
announcement made that Gen. Pershing will
send a regiment of infantry to Italian front:
Italians win on Mount Rosso: second Ameri-
can nntional draft dra\ving takes place in
Washington to cover list of June o regis-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
641
trants: British and German destroyers have
a clash oft the Belgian coast; hospital ship
Llandovery Castle sunk by German submarine
with heavy loss of life.
June 28 — Unconfirmed reports of overthrow of
bolshevik g-overnment in Russia published;
rumor of czar's assassination declared un-
true; British attack on a front of 6.000 yards
from Vieux Becquin to Pont Tournai in
Flanders, grain valuable ground and take
300 prisoners; French attack near forest of
Villers-Cotterets and take 1,060 prisoners;
first American troops arrive in Italy.
June 29 — Germans reported to be aiding bol-
sheviki in Russia; French repulse German
attempts to retake ground at Villers-Cotter-
ets: pope says special prayers for peace;
congress passes bills appropriating 821,-
000.000.000 for war purposes; Italians cap-
ture Monte di Val Bella from the Austrians.
taking more than 800 prisoners.
June 30 — Germans reported to be massing in
front of American lines in Chateau Thierry
region: French take ridge between Mosley
and Passy-en-Valois, northwest of Chateau
Thierry: new prices for wheat fixed in the
United States: Italians take the whole of
Val Bella, Rosso and Echele mountains, with
2,000 prisoners.
July 1 — American troops capture village of
Vaux, west of Chateau Thierry, with more
than 300 prisoners, including five officers;
complete unit of 220,000 Americans guard-
ing road to Paris, it is announced; United
States transport Covington torpedoed and
sunk.
July 2 — President Wilson announces that there
were 1,019,115 American soldiers in France
July 1; Germans make counterattack near
Vaux and Hill 204 but lose heavily, one
regiment being nearly annihilated by the
Americans; French troops make successful
attack north of Moulin-sous-Toutvent;
British lose ground taken by them north of
Albert; Italians win victory in Monte Grappa
region; Gen. Otto von Below placed in su-
preme command of Austro-Hungarian troops
on Italian front.
July 3 — Germans make further futile counter-
attacks against Americans at Vaux, their
losses being estimated at 3,000; heavy bom-
bardment of American positions continues:
Italians attack on the lower Piave between
Capo Sile and Zenson, taking 1,900 prison-
ers; Grand Duke Michael, brother of former
czar, reported to be at head of Czecho-
slovak troops in Siberia.
July 4 — American Independence day celebrat-
ed in England, France and Italy as well as
in the United States: President Wilson ad-
dresses diplomats and foreign-born at Mount
Vernon; Australians and Americans capture
Hamel and take many prisoners; French
penetrate German lines around Autreches and
take 1,066 prisoners; eighty-five vessels
launched at American shipyards.
July 5-^-Premier David Lloyd George addresses
American troops in France; allies on west
front take 5,000 prisoners in a week; war
council holds session at Versailles and makes
important decision; serious unrest reported
in South Africa.
July 6 — President Wilson and cabinet decide
to join with allies in taking action in Russia:
Count von Mirbaoh, German ambassador to
Russia, assassinated in Moscow: John Purroy
Mitchel, former mayor of New York, killed
in airplane accident near Lake Charles, La.:
Italians recapture coastal zone between Capo
Sile and the Piave.
July 7 — Germany to send three army corps to
Italian front; population on Murman coast
of Russia joins with the entente; Vice-
Admiral von Capelle tells the reiehstag- that
the "U" boats are gaining and will win.
July 8 — French advance in region of Long-
pont near Villers-Cotterets two-thirds of a
mile and take 350 prisoners: Gen. Luden-
dorff visits Austrian headquarters; war
council in Washington abolished; congress
permits Theodore Roosevelt to get back
$40,000 Nobel peace prize to be used in
Red Cross and similar war work.
July 9 — Dr. Richard von Kuehlmann's resig-
nation as German foreign secretary accepted;
White sea and Wologdaczhe republic estab-
lished in Russia; Czecho-Slovak troops take
Nikolayevsk, Syzran and Mosslim in Siberia;
French troops advance more than a mile on
a front of two and a half miles in the area
* south of the Matz river and northwest of
the Compiegne forest; Italians capture Fieri
and other Austrian positions in Albania
north of Avlona, with 1,300 prisoners.
July 10 — Italian forces in Albania still ad-
vancing oa a forty-mile front between the
middle Qsum river and the Adriatic; Bul-
garian right flank in Macedonia threatened;
French make attack on Corey near Soissons
and capture it; Admiral von Hintze ap-
pointed German foreign secretary.
July 11 — Austrians retreat from Berat and
Fieri in Albania toward the Skumbi river
and Elbassan; French forces west of Lake
Ochrida in Serbian Macedonia make progress
against the Bulgarians; French continue
operations in vicinty of Corey, occupying:
Longpont.
July 12 — French capture Castel and other
strong positions near the west bank of the
Avre: British make successful raids on the
Flanders front near Vieux Berquin and Mer-
ris; Italians and French consolidate their
new positions in Albania.
July 13 — War department in Washington an-
nounces formation of three army corps in
France; President Wilson given authority by
congress to take over telegraph wires;
Italians announce that they are attacking
Austrians north of the Semeni river in Al-
bania.
July 14 — Twenty-four nations to boycott Ger-
man trade, declares Lord Robert Cecil: Brit-
ish forces occupy Kem on the Murman
coast, Russia; Italians and French continue
the advance in Albania: Bastille day ob-
served in many American cities; Lieut.
Quentin Roosevelt killed in aerial battle.
July 15— Germans begin big offensive from
Chateau Thierry on the west to Main de
Massiges, farther east, along a sixty-five mile
front, crossing the Marne at various places
but being checked at nearly all points;
Americans in the Chateau region retire a
short distance but by a strong counterattack
drive the enemy back across the Marne with
heavy losses; German attack practically a
failure, only a few local gains being made;
American and British troops occupy the
whole of the Murman coast.
July 16 — German offensive west and east of
Reims continues without making marked
progress: allied lines hold at all important
points; Festigny the farthest point reached
by the Germans; Gen. von Einem's army de-
livers five attacks between Suippe and Mas-
siges but are all repulsed: Americans re-
capture Fossoy Crezancy; Baron von Burian,
Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, makes
peace report to Austrian and Hungarian
premiers.
July 17 — Battle continues violently on both
sides of Reims; Germans make a few in-
significant gains but in the main are re-
Sulsed everywhere; Americans more than'
old their own; M. Duval, director of the
Bonnet Rouge in Paris, executed for treason.
July 18 — Gen. Foch delivers heavy counter-
attack against the western side of the Ger-
man salient along a line from the Marne to
the Aisne; takes Germans by surprise and
captures more than a score of towns and
many heavy cannon; Americans take part
in drive and with the French advance six
miles; cavalry and many tanks used in the
battle.
642
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
July 19 — United States cruiser San Diegro sunk
off Fire island with the loss of six lives;
French and Americans continue offensive
between the Aisne and the Marne, taking
17,000 prisoners and 360 guns; Germans
hurry up reserves to stop the allied smash;
Scottish troops capture Meteren in Bailleul
sector.
July 20 — German troops south of the Marne
forced to retreat to north side; French and
American troops between the Aisne and the
Marne continue to press forward; French,
British, American and Italian forces attack
and gain ground along the line extending
from Chateau Thierry east to Reims; num-
ber of prisoners taken by the allies increased
to more than 20,000; transport Justicia,
32,234 tons, torpedoed and sunk.
July 21— rGermans driven out of Chateau
Thierry by French and Americans: enemy
retreats to the north: allies advance to a
line marked by La Croix, Grisolles and
Epieds: submarine sinks four coal barges
and a tug off coast of Massachusetts.
July 22 — Reserve divisions sent by Prince Rup-
precht of Bavaria to Marne front: Germans
blow up munitions depots: British troops
aid the French left in the Reims sector;
German counterattacks all repulsed.
July 23 — Allies take more towns on north side
of the Marne, including Jaulgonne, Buzancy,
Oulchy-le-Chateau, Marfaux and Mailly-Rain-
eval: German losses since July 15 estimated
at 180.000.
July 24 — Americans take Epieds and advance
toward Fere-en-Tardenois: strike of muni-
tion workers begun in Birmingham, England:
latest peace "feeler" emanating from Ger-
many as given in the Berlin Vorwaerts ig-
nored in Washington.
July 25— Allied forces bombard Fere-en-Tarde-
nois: total number of prisoners captured
by the allies placed at more than 25.000
and the big guns 500; fleeing foe burning
towns and military stores.
July 26 — French and American troops capture
Oulchy-le-Chateau: Gen. Mangin's forces take
Villemontoire ; French also recapture Main
de Massiges, taking 1,100 prisoners, seven
cannon and 200 machine guns.
July 27 — Germans retreat all along the line
north of the Marne, the allies reaching a
point ten miles from Chateau Thierry:
American troops capture Le Charmel and
cross the Ourcq east of Fere-en-Tardenois.
July 28— ^Allies force the Germans across the
OUTCQ in many places, driving the Germans
five miles: allies enter Fere-en-Tardenois and
reach Ville-en-Tardenois: Germans retreat-
ing toward the Vesle river while making
strong rear guard defense: hall of Soissons-
Reims salient retaken.
July 29 — Allies advance to within ten miles
of Fismes on the Vesle river: take Grand
Rozy and Cugny by storm; Americans take
Seringes-et-Nesle, Sergy and Roncheres: Tur-
key reported to have broken relations with
Germany.
July 30 — Prussian guards try to retake Sergy,
but are defeated by the Americans, who
advance two miles in spite of counterat-
tacks; Germans defeated in attempts to cap*
ture St. Euphraise: Australian troops take
Merris: Premier von Hussarek says Austria
is ready lor an honorable peace: Field Mar-
shal Herman von Eichhom. German military
dictator of the Ukraine, assassinated, at Kiev.
July 31 — American troops occupy part of
Meuniere wood and advance north Irom
Sergy and east from Seringes-et-Nesle; tem-
porary lull in general allied advance: Mar-
quis ol Lansdowne writes another "peace"
letter to his supporters: Emperor William
says hardest struggle is now on.
Aug. 1 — Gen. Mangin. with French and Brit-
ish, advances north of Ourcq river and takes
Hill 265, Cramoiselle, Cramaille and other
' villages; Americans take the Bois de Coerges:
total number ol German prisoners taken by
allies between July 15 and July 31 placed
at 33,400, including 674 officers: Premier
Lloyd George says Germany will have to
face an economic war after the military war
is ended.
Aug. 2 — Allies capture Soissons, cross the
Crise and progress widely north of the
Ourcq; they also take Goussaincourt. Villers-
Agron, Ville-en-Tardenois. Gueux and Thil-
loy; German crown prince's army in full re-
treat everywhere: American troops advance
with the French five miles north of Fere-
en-Tardenois.
Aug. 3 — American troops enter suburbs of
Fismes after taking Cohan and other towns;
French and American troops continue ad-
vancing on a forty-five mile front; three
American fishing schooners sunk by sub-
marine off Nova Scotia: British hospital
boat Warrida torpedoed and sunk near Eng-
lish coast, with loss of 123 men and women:
plan to aid Russia announced by United
States and Japan.
Aug. 4 — Americans take whole of Fismes.
driving Germans beyond the Vesle river;
British troops advance in Picardy; Germans
evacuate Albert.
Aug. 5 — American patrols cross Vesle river at
various places; repulse all counterattacks on
Fismes; tank steamer Luz Blanca sunk by
submarine off Nova Scotia.
Aug. 6 — American machine gunners repulse
attack on American bridge builders at
Fismes: Gen. Ferdinand Foch made marshal
ol France; French senate sentences Louis J.
Malvy to five years' banishment.
Aug. 7 — American infantry cross to north bank
ol Vesle river at various places: Maj.-Gen.
William S. Graves made commander of
American military expedition to Siberian
Premier Lloyd George in house of commons
speech reviews war situation.
Aug. 8 — British and French begin great of-
fensive in Picardy east of Amiens: volun-
tary enlistment in United States army sus-
pended.
Aug. 9 — British attack in Flanders and take
five villages: Germans flee in haste from
Amiens front: Americans take Fismette vil-
lage north of the Vesle river.
Aug. 10 — French recapture Montdidier; British
and American troops capture Morlancourt.
Aug. 11 — Organization of first American field
army in France announced: French and Brit-
ish continue their offensive, gaining ground;
nine schooners sunk off Nantucket by sub-
marine.
Aug. 12 — French troops drive close to Las-
signy; German papers admit defeat: British
advance south of the Somme; Crown Prince
Rupprecht's line hardens; Germans attack
Americans north ol Fismes, but are re-
pulsed.
Aug. 13— Czecho-Slovaks recognized as a na-
tion by Great Britain; Gen. Humbert's army
resumes offensive between the Matz and Oise
river; Austrian troops sent to the west
front.
Aug. 14 — Germans fall back on five-mile Iront
north ol Albert; French capture Ribecourt;
Germans retire to Plemont; British reach
outskirts ol Bray; Germans make gas at-
tack on Americans along the Vesle river.
Aug. 15 — Canadians take villages ol Parvillers
and Damery; French make progress in region
between the Matz and the Oise: American
troops arrive at Vladivostok, Siberia.
Aug. 16— French take most of the Bois des
Loges; Gen. Ludendorff seeking more men.
Aug. 17 — British gain ground in Vieux Ber-
Quin region: heavy fighting west of Roye;
British shell Fresnoy.
Aug. 18 — British force Germans back along a
front ol four miles between Bailleul and
Vieux Berquin; British capture Outtersteen.
Aug. 19 — British strike in the Lys salient and
the French between the Aisne and the Oise.
both forces making good gains; British enter
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
643
Merville; French capture Fresnieres; Chinese
send troops to Siberian border.
Aug. 20 — Gen. Mangin's 4th French army
takes 8,000 Germans in smash between the
Oise and the Aisne; British continue advance
in Merville sector.
Aug. 21 — Gen. Mangin takes Lassigny and ad-
vances over a front of fifteen miles to a
depth of five miles; British attack on a ten-
mile front from the Ancre river to the vi-
cinity of Moyenville, taking . seven villages:
Premier Lloyd George pays tribute to
women's work in the war.
Aug. 22— British capture Albert with 1,400
prisoners: French announce capture of 200
guns in three days; Germans make violent
attacks on American front along1 the Vesle
river.
Aug. 23 — Gen. Byng advances on six-mile front
from southeast of Albert to the vicinity of
Grandcourt; British take Achiet-le-Grand and
Gomiecourt; Gen. Mangin drives the Ger-
mans across the valley of the Ailette; Sen-
ator Lodge demands a dictated peace.
Aug. 24 — Americans advance to the Soissons-
Reims road; British announce capture of
Bray and Thiepval.
Augr. 25 — British hold road from Albert to
Bapaume and reach outskirts of Bullecourt;
Premier Clemenceau predicts complete and
decisive collapse of enemy; Germans with-
drawing1 from American front on Vesle: de-
cision of Judge Mayer of New York hold-
ing1 the sinking of the Lusitania to be an
act of piracy made public.
Aug. 26 — Canadian and other British troops
capture Monchy-le-Preux: French capture
Fresnoy-le-Itoy and St. Mard.
Aug. 27 — British capture section of Hinden-
burg line and occupy Cherisy, Vis-en-Artois
and Bois du Sart: Americans make attack
on Bazoches.
Aug. 28 — Chaulnes taken by the French; cross-
ing of Ailette river begun: bolshevik! forced
back on Ussuri front in Siberia.
Aug. 29 — Noyon captured by French troops
under Gen. Humbert after heavy fighting; Ba-
paume taken by the British; Americans and
French with the assistance of numerous
tanks drive Germans from Juvigny.
Aug. 30— French ccupy Mont St. Simeon near
. Noyon; they also cross the Canal du Nord
northwest of Noyon; Gen. Haig captures
Hendecourt and other places east of Ba-
paume; Australians storm Mt. St. Quentin.
Aug. 31 — Americans hold gain at Juvigny ;
French victories in vicinity of Soissons.
Sept. 1 — President Wilson issues Labor day
message; Americans in Belgium capture
Voprmezeele; Australian troops capture Pe-
rorine and 2,000 prisoners: announced that
in August the British captured 57,318 Ger-
«nan prisoners, with 657 guns; French oc-
cupy Leury; Americans reach Terny-Sorny.
Sept. 2 — English. Scotch and Canadian troops
carry the Queant-Drocourt "switch line";
Americans make further progress in the
Voormezeele region; heavy fighting between
Juvigny and Terny.
Sept. 3 — British troops push forward to Ba-
ralle. eight miles from Cambrai, driving the
Germans to the Canal du Nord: a dozen vil-
lages taken in an advance along a twenty-
mile front to a maximum depth of six
miles; 10,000 Germans taken prisoners.
Sept. 4— Germans retreat on Vesle front before
Americans and French; French gain north-
east of Noyon: lour persons killed by bomb
explosion at *he Chicago postofflce.
Sept. 5 — French take twenty towns in advance
along the Ailette river: Americans assist in
driving the Germans between the Vesle and
Aisne rivers: British print list of 150 Ger-
man submarine commanders dead or cap-
tured.
Bept. 6 — Germans driven back* on ninety-mile
front; French capture Ham and Chauny;
Americans reach the Aisne heights and make
progress in the region of Villers-en-Prayers
and Revillon; British advance east of Neuve
Chapelle and northwest of Armentieres.
Sept. 7 — Allies advance on fifty-mile front
from Havrincpurt wood to the Chemin dea
Dames; Americans reach the Aisne in the
vicinity of Vieil Arcy; German armies suf-
fer from desertions.
Sept. 8 — British clear Germans out of Havrin-
court wood: reach line held at beginning of
German offensive March 21; Secretary of
War Baker arrives in France on r, new mis-
sion.
Sept. 9 — Germans stiffen defense on their old
lines; throw in new divisions to check Amer-
ican advance on the St. Gobain massif; heavy
rains slow up advance of allies.
Sept. 10— French tighten their grip on ap-
proaches to St. Quentin and La Fere; Ger-
mans raze everything in their retreat; Gen.
Mangin captures Servais: British straighten
their line before Cambrai.
Sept. 11— British reach Epehy. so'itn of Po-
zieres; heavy fighting east nnd north of Pe-
ronne; announcement made that American
troops have landed at Archangel in northern
Russia.
Sept. 12— Gen. Pershing attacks St. Mihiel
salient after heavy artillery ^reparation;
takes many towns and a large number of
prisoners: advances five tniles at some
points: French occupy town of t. Mihiel;
British improve their positions east of Pe-
ronne.
Sept. 13 — American troops wipe out remainder
of St. Mihiel salient, forcing Germans bacK
on Wotan line; Gen. Pershing' s firuns within
range of Metz.
Sept. 14 — Americans take 150 square iniles of
territory in St. Mihiel offensive, vdtli 15,000
prisoners: French take village 01 Allemant
and the Moulin Laffaux: »ide. .t Wilson
cables thanks to Gen. Peiv ngr "nd Ameri-
can army.
Sept. 15— American lines lushed oeyond Vilcey
and Norroy; French repulse violent counter-
attacks south of the Oise, and gain half a
mile on the Chemin des Dames; Austria ap-
peals for a general peace; French and Ser-
bians pierce Bulgarian front for r width of
ten miles.
Sept. 16— 1 resident Wilsor. rejocta Austrian
peace overture; German airmen bomi Paris:
artillery active on American Lorrain., front.
Sept. 17— Allies continue their successful of-
fensive in Macedonia: Germans rush up
heavy reserves to oppose the American-:.
Sept. 18 — British and French pierce Hinden-
burg line on a twenty-two-raile front, taking:
ten towns and 6,000 prisoners in St. Quen-
tin sector: Bulgarian resistance on Mace-
donian front weakening.
Sept. 19— French fight theL way over the St.
Quentin canal, capturing Contescourt ana
Castres: Field Marshal Halg reports capture
of 10.000 prisoners and sixty guns.
Sept. 20— French repulse five violent German
attacks east of Moisy farm and north of Al-
lemant; British take Moeuvres.
Sept. 21— French capture Benay and repulse
counterattack at Castres; British again ad-
vance east of Epehy and near Hargicourt.
Sept. 22 — Gen. Debeney's troops continue to
advance toward La Fere: American raiding;
parties penetrate enemy lines in the Woevre
northeast of St. Mihiel.
Sept. 23 — French forces reach the Oise river
between Vandeuil and Travecy; Germans
start evacuating Cambrai: Germans and Bul-
garians in wild flight through Serbia.
Sept. 24— French cavalrymen take Prilep In
Serbia: German heavy artillery shelling
American front in region of St. Mihiel: Em-
peror William in a speech at Brley tells the
soldiers to give the right enswer at the right
moment to the Americana who wished to
644
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
"add big deeds to their big words": French
take Francilly-Selency, L'Epine de Dallon
and village of Dallon close to St. Quentin.
Sept. 25 — Bulgar armies on Macedonian front
split into groups; Gen. Allenby in Palestine
reports capture of 40.000 Turks and 265
guns in great offensive: British take Selency
within two miles of St. Quentin.
Sept. 26 — Gen. Pershing's 1st army smashes its
way seven miles deep into the German lines
over a front of twenty miles from the Meuse
westward through the Argonne forest, cap-
turing- twelve towns, 5,000 prisoners and
twenty large guns: Varennes, Montblainville.
Vauquois and Cheppy taken by storm;
French attack from Auberive eastward to
Main Massiges: Serbians capture Veles; U.
S. S. Tampa- sunk oft English coast with all
hands.
Sept. 27 — Prisoners taken by Americans in-
crease to 8,000 and guns to more than 100:
French take Somme-Py and Cernay; Ameri-
cans and British advance three miles nearer
Cambrai, taking a number of strong de-
fensive works; Bulgarians ask for armistice
and terms of peace: British take Strum-
nitza: president in Liberty loan speech in
New York announces a plan for peace.
Sept. 28 — Americans repulse German counter-
blows north of Dannevoux; American line
extended to Brieulles and Exermont: French
capture Fort Malmaison: Belgians begin of-
fensive in the Dixmude-Ypres area and with
the British take Houthulst forest: Italians
take Krusheve twenty miles north of Monas-
tir; Germans said to be rushing troops to
h.elp Bulgarians.
Sept. 29 — Armistice between allies and Bul-
garians signed; French capture Urvillers and
Cerizy and break Hindenburg line between
St. Quentin and La Fere; Americans and
French take western part of the Chemin des
Dames; Americans capture Montfaucon; en-
tire department of the Somme liberated from
the Germans; American troops help British
to take Bellicourt, Nauroy and other places
on the Hindenburg line where the Scheldt
' canal passes through a tunnel; Belgians
drive close to Roulers, taking Dixmude,
Mporslede, Passchendaele and other towns
with more than 5.000 prisoners; American
battleship Minnesota damaged by striking a
mine.
Sept. 30 — Americans consolidate their positions
from the Meuse to the Aisne; British enter
part of Cambrai; capture Thorigny, Le Tron-
quoy and Gonnelieu; Belgians enter Roulers;
French cavalry enter Uskup in Serbia.
Oct. 1 — French troops enter St. Quentin as far
as canal; heavy fighting by British all along
the Cambrai-St. Quentin sector: Belgians
clear Roulers of foes: American patrols pass
beyond Clerges; repulse heavy counterattack
at Apremont.
Oct. 2 — Germans begin wide retreat near Lille:
Americans cut off for two days in advanced
position between Cambrai and St. Quentin
rescued; heavy German artillery fire on
American front between the Aisne and the
Meuse; whole of St. Quentin taken by the
French.
Oct. 3 — King Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates
in favor of Prince Boris; British smash large
and vital section of Hindenburg line be-
tween St. Quentin and Cambrai, taking many
small towns and 5.000 prisoners; French
advance from one to two miles north, east
and south of St. Quentin and also in the
Champagne region: Germans retreat on
twenty-mile front in Lens area; Austrian
forces quitting Albania.
Oct. 4 — American troops resume offensive west
of the Meuse, advancing their lines from one
to three miles, taking Hill 240 and the* vil-
lages of Gesnes, Fleville. Chehery and La
Forges, attaining all their objectives: Gen.
Haig's forces within eight miles of Lille.
Oct. 5 — Germans hurriedly evacuating Lille and
beginning a movement to abandon the Bel-
gian coast region; British troops enter Lens;
coal mines found to have been flooded;
Germans retreat on a twenty-eight-mile front
north of Reims: French take Fort Brimont:
Americans northwest of Verdun push on in
spite of strong German resistance: Austria
makes new peace proposal; panic on Berlin
bourse.
Oct. 6 — Germany sends appeal for peace: Ger-
mans fire Bruges docks and withdraw stores
from Ghent: fighting by Americans west of
the Meuse declared to be bloodiest in their
experience, the Germans using their best
troops against them: Gen. Gouraud's troops
reach the Suippe, driving the Germans back
eight miles; American Polish legion accepted
by French.
Oct. 7— Americans win hot battle for posses-
sion of north end of Argonne forest and
drive Germans from the heights west of the
Aire valley, including Hills 240, 244 and
269; drive Germans out of Chatel Chehery
and capture St. Etienne; allies pass the
Suippe and Ames river: British capture
Blache St. Vaast and Oppy east of Arras;
French marines enter Beirut.
Oct. 8 — British. French and American troops
deliver assault on twenty-mile front between
Cambrai and St. Quentin, taking thousands
of prisoners: Americans take Brancourt and
Premont ; in Verdun region the Americana
continue fight for remainder of Argonne
forest: Franco-American forces advance two
miles on a seven-mile front east of the
Meuse: President Wilson replies to German
note.
Oct. 9— Americans reach southern outskirts of
Sivry and enter Chaune wood; penetrate Ger-
man main lines west of the Meuse between
Cunel and Romagne; British -American lines
sweeping through twenty-mile gap between
Cambrai and St. Quentin almost to the line
of the Selle and Sambre rivers; Cambrai
fully occupied. Canadian troops being the
first to enter; Maretz, Busigny and Bohain
also captured.
Oct. 10 — British take Le Cateau and drive
Germans many miles: foe retreats in con-
fusion; French advance four miles east of
St. Quentin: Americans win at two points in
the Argonne.
Oct. 11 — Germans compelled to abandon their
positions north of the Suippe and the Arnes
on a front of thirty-seven miles; French en-
ter Lanauville; Haig's forces close in on
Douai: Argonne forest completely cleared of
Germans by the American troops.
Oct. 12 — Germans fall back on Champagne
front from Laon to the Argonne; French
drive forward on a front of seventy-five
miles from La Fere to the Argonne: vast
quantities of ammunition captured by Ameri-
cans and British in Bohain region: Germany
accepts peace terms laid down by President
Wilson Jan. 8; Washington finds flaws in
reply.
Oct. 13 — Americans advance on both sides of
the Meuse, taking all their objectives: Laon
taken by the French without a fight: La
Fere is also taken and the great forest of
St. Gobain is occupied; British take suburbs
of Douai.
Oct. 14 — President Wilson replies to Germany
declaring that there will be no peace while
enemy pursues policy of sinking passenger
ships at sea and of pursuing a course of
wanton destruction on land: French. British
and Belgian troops take many villages in
Belgium with 7.000 prisoners; American
troops advance beyond Cunel and Romagne
west of the Meuse and farther west reach
St. Georeres and Landres-et-St. Georges.
Oct. 15 — American troops hit the German line
north of Verdun, taking- St. Juvin and Hill
299 west of Bantheville: left wing crosses
Aire river and approaches Grandpre: in
Flanders the British advance to the vicinity
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
645
of Courtrai; capture Gulleghem and Heule
and advance to suburbs of Lille.
Oct. 16 — Americans capture Grandpre; Ger-
mans continue their great retreat from
northern Belgium; Polish national army rec-
ognized by Britain.
Oct. 17 — Belgians enter Bruges and Zeebrug-ge
and British occupy Ostend. Lille and Douai;
King Albert enters Ostend: Americans take
Cote Chatillon; British and French advance
nine miles northeast of Bohain.
Oct. 18 — Belgian flags fly over every town on
the Belgian coast; French occupy and pass
beyond Thielt; French drive on Guise; Lills
evacuated by the Germans and entered by
* British; Americans take Bantheville.
Oct. 19— President Wilson replies to Austria:
French troops take Ribemont; Germans with-
draw their main line of resistance between
the Argonne and the Meuse to the Freya
line; French capture Vandy north of Vou-
zieres : allied armies reach the Dutch frontier ;
British within four miles of Tournai.
Oct. 20 — British and Belgians pass Courtrai
and capture Denain: German submarines or-
dered to return to their bases.
Oct. 21 — British troops close to Valenciennes;
Americans capture the Bois de Rappe;
French advance between the Oise and the
Serre; Germany replies to President Wilson's
note.
Oct. 22 — British troops enter suburbs of Valen-
ciennes; French establish a strong foothold
east of the Lys: French also advance north
of Laon: Germans set fire to towns north
of the American line in the Verdun region.
Oct. 23 — Americans advance on flfteen-mil3
front, taking- Brieulles. Tamla farm and
other places north of Bantheville: President
Wilson sends another reply to the Germans,
demanding dictated peace.
Oct. 24 — Americans attack east of the Meuse
and reach the Freya position; British drive
Germans back along1 whole front between
the Sambre and the Meuse; Germany prom-
ises to return art treasures taken in Bel-
gium.
Oct. 25 — British, French and Italian troops be-
gin new offensive on Italian front between
the Brenta and Piave rivers, taking- 3,000
prisoners; Americans capture Hill 360 east
of the Meuse after severe fighting; President
Wilson appeals for a democratic congress.
Oct. 26 — British troops advance south of Val-
enciennes; French pierce the Hunding line:
Italians gain in attacks on Austrian defenses
on Piave line: heavy fighting in Monte
Grappa region; Turkish offer of surrender
reported from Switzerland.
Oct. 27 — Gen. Ludendorff Designs as first
quartermaster-general of German army;
French gain five miles on Serre front and
take ten towns; Italian forces' cross the
Piave and take 9,000 Austrians and fifty-
one guns.
Oct. 28— Austria again urgently asks for peace ;
French continue drive beyond the Oise: Ger-
man administration moves from Brussels.
Oct. 29— Allied forces in Italy capture Conegli-
ano five miles from the Piave and push on
along- a front of thirty-seven miles: Rhine
Germans in wild flight: disruption in Aus-
tria-Hungary proceeding.
Oct. 30 — New German note seeks to hasten de-
cision on armistice terms: Czechs take over
rule of Prague: Italians capture Vittorio and
drive the Austrians back along the Piave
from the mountains to the sea; taking of
33,000 Austrians in drive announced.
Oct. 31 — Turkey makes full surrender: Aus-
trian collapse on Italian front: troops aban-
don everything- in wild flight to escape; Gen.
Pershing's forces occupy Bellejpyeuse farm;
Belgians renew attack in direction of Ghent.
Nov. 1 — Armistice terms given to Austria:
Americans advance four miles in new drive
east of the Arg-pnne: British get grip on
Valenciennes: allies in Belgium take nine-
teen towns and gain ten miles; Americana
capture Landres-et-St. Georges, Remonville,
Clery le Grand and other towns with 2,000>
prisoners.
Nov. 2 — British take Valenciennes; Americans
break through the Freya line and take
Champigneulle, Buzancy, Fosse, Baricourt and
Doulcon; lose contact with foe.
Nov. 3 — Italians capture Trent and Udine;
whole Austrian front smashed: German
forces east of the Meuse in full retreat;
American troops take many more small
towns; Belgians push to within five miles
oi Ghent.
Nov. 4 — Austria makes complete surrender;
Americans advance toward Sedan, reaching-
Stenay; British in advance between- the
Scheldt and the Oise-Sambre canal and with
the French co-operating take 10,000 prison-
ers and 200 guns.
Nov. 5 — German armies on western front re-
treat everywhere, losing- hundreds of guns
and thousands of prisoners; French take
Guise and Marie; allied troops on three sides.
of Ghent.
Nov. 6 — French win on 100-mile front, taking-
Vervins, Montcornet and Rethel; Americans
enter Sedan; cross the Meuse river: Germans
gave up Ghent; Germans seeking- truce reach
French lines.
Nov. 7 — Passage of German peace envoys to>
French headquarters arranged; allied armies,
drive along whole front.
Nov. 8 — British, French and American armies,
press forward along whole of long line from
extreme north to east of the Meuse: scores.
of towns taken; German plenipotentiaries ar-
rive at Marshal Foch's headquarters and are
given armistice terms fixed by allied war
council with time limit for acceptance fixed
for 11 o'clock Monday mornmg, Nov. 11;
German socialists demand abdication of Em-
peror William: revolution in Berlin: Bavaria,
deposes king and proclaims a republic.
Nov. 9 — Chancellor Prince Maximilian of Ger-
many announces that kaiser and crown prince
have decided to renounce the throne; Deputy
Ebert made imperial chancellor: Americans
g-ain on both sides of the Meuse: French,
capture Hirson.
Nov. 10 — First and 2d American armies ad-
vance along the Moselle and the Meuse on a.
front of about seventy-one miles: capture
Stenay and numerous fortified positions in
Lorraine: Gen. Gouraud makes official entry
into Sedan; Emperor William takes refug-e in
Holland.
Nov. 11 — German envoys sign armistice terms
and fighting ceases at 11 a. m. all along-
the line: President Wilson announces to con-
gress that "the war thus comes to an end";
great peace celebration held in all the allied
countries with scenes of unparalleled en-
thusiasm.
Nov. 12 — Abdication of Emperor Charles an-
nounced in Austria; Germany appeals to
President Wilson to start peace negotiations
at once; new Roumanian government declares
war on Germany.
Npv. 13 — Bolshevism reported to be spreading-
in various parts of Europe; abdication of
various German rulers announced: King Al-
bert enters Ghent; allied fleet anchors off
Constantinople.
Nov. 14 — German women appeal for food;
Polish troops hold Warsaw; last of German
military forces in East Africa surrender;
British land on Gallipoli point.
Nov. 15 — Representatives of associated and al-
lied governments begin conferences on peace
preliminaries in Paris: Germany prepares for
calling a constituent ' assembly.
Nov. 16 — Belgians petition King Albert for re-
forms; Postmaster-General Burleson takes
over Atlantic cables.
Nov. 17 — Third American army, one of the
armies of occupation, ent~rs Montm-dy;
Premier Clemenceau wants President Wilson
to attend peace conference; arrangements
€46
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
made for surrender of part of German navy;
King- Priedrich III. of Saxony abdicates.
Nov. 18 — President Wilson announces officially
that he will sail for Europe to take part in
the settlement of the main features of the
treaty of peace: Germans fear bolshevism:
German ships sail to surrender: allies fight
bolsheviki on Dvina river: King1 George ex-
presses thanks to parliament.
.Nov. 19 — American army of occupation carries
relief to many towns: food supplies sent
from the United States to northern France,
Belgium and Austria: Gen. Petain and
French troops enter Metz; King Albert en-
ters Antwerp.
Nov. 20 — American 3d army enters Luxem-
burg; Ukrainian government overturned:
Germans make first surrender of twenty sub-
marines at Harwich, England.
Nov. 21 — Germany surrenders large part of
high seas fleet and nineteen more sub-
marines; Luxemburgers acclaim American
troops: Kolchak made dictator at Omsk;
British cavalry ride over old field of Water-
loo.
Nov. 22 — William G. McAdoo resigns as secre-
tary of the treasury and director-general of
railroads: the former crown prince of Ger-
many takes refuge in Holland; Gen. Castel-
nau enters Cplmar.
Nov. 23 — American army of occupation crosses
into Germany.
Nov. 24 — More German submarines surrendered
to the allies for internment: clashes be-
tween extremists and government group of
socialists take place in Berlin: King Albert
enters Brussels: French soldiers enter Strass-
burg.
Nov. 25 — Marshal Foch with Gen. Guillaumat
and Gen. Gourand enters Strassburg; bolshe-
vik Soviets try to take government from
Ebert government.
Nov. 26— Allies prepare to make demand upon
Holland for surrender of the former em-
peror of Germany: Gen. Ludendorff goes to
Sweden.
Nov. 27 — Names of American delegates to
peace conference announced in Washington.
Nov. 28— Vienna plans to try men who began
the war; Liebknecht group of extremists
losing ground in Berlin.
Nov. 29 — Many strikes take place in Germany;
allies to ask Herbert C. Hoover to direct
food distribution in Europe; Premier Lloyd
George says William II. was to blame for the
war: Germany asks for and gets formal ab-
dication of former kaiser; Japan names dele-
gates to peace conference.
Nov. 30 — German border towns hostile to
American army of occupation: internment
of Field Marshal von Mackensen's army or-
dered by Hungarian government; peace con-
ference to be held in Paris and Versailles.
Dec. 1 — German government starts investiga-
tion of German atrocities in Belgium: Anv-ri-
can army of occupation enters Treves. Ger-
many: Premier Clemenceau, Marshal Foch,
Premier Orlando and Foreign Minister S9n-
nino arrive in London for conference with
British leaders; Mauretania arrives at New
York with more than 4.000 returning Amer-
ican soldiers.
Dec. 2 — President Wilson delivers annual mes-
sage to congress and tells of his decision to
go to peace conference; allies delay action
on kaiser until American delegates arrive;
preliminary conference in London.
Dec. 3 — President Wilson and party leave Wash-
ington late at night for New York.
Dec. 4 — American peace delegation headed by
President Wilson sail on the George Wash-
ington for France.
Dec. 5 — Premier Clemenceau on return from
London conference says there is complete
agreement between the allies.
Dec. 6 — Belgian troops occupy Dusseldorff, Ger-
many.
Dec. 7 — German soldiers stand by Ebert gov-
ernment: British to demand $40,000,000.000
indemnity from Germany.
DATES OF BIG BATTLES.
Tills list shows in alphabetical order the
names and dates of the principal battles of the
war and the capture of important places. For
full chronology of major American operations in
1918 see Gen. Pershing's report in this volume.
Aisne. battle of, began — Sept. 14, 1914.
Aisne caverns, battle of— Oct. 23, 1917.
Alleustein. battle of— Sept. 1, 1914.
Ancre, battle of, began — Nov. 13, 1916.
Antwerp, capture of, by Germans— Oct. 9-10. 1914.
Argesu, battle of— Dec. 3, 1916.
Arras, battle of, began— April 9, 1917.
Artois, fighting in the— Sept. 26-Oct. 2. 1915.
Bagdad captured by British— March 11, 1917.
Bainsizza plateau taken by Italians, Aug. 25.
1917; recaptured by Austriaus and Germans,
Oct. 25, 1917.
Bapaume captured by British — March 17, 1917 ;
lost to Germans March 24, 1918 ; recaptured by
British, Aug. 29, 1918.
Beersheba captured by British— Oct. 31, 1917.
Belgrade occupied by Austrians — Dec. 2, 1914;
recaptured by Serbians, Dec. 14, 1914 ; taken
by Germans and Austrians. Oct. 9-10, 1915.
Belloy en Senterre, battle of — July 4, 1916.
Brest-Litovsk captured by Germans— Aug. 26. 1915.
Bruges occupied by Germans— Oct. 14, 1914.
Brussels occupied by Germans— Aug. 20, 1914.
Bukharest captured by Germans — Dec. 6, 1916.
Bullecourt taken by Australians — May 12, 1917.
Cambrai, battle of— Nov. 21, 1917 ; Oct. 9, 1918,
Caporetto. battle of— Oct. 24. 1917.
Carso plateau, battle of— May 23-24, 1917.
Cetinje captured by Austrians— Jan. 12, 1916.
Champagne, battle of the— Sept. 25-30, 1915.
Chateau Thierry, battle of— July 15, 1918.
Oombles captured by French and British — Sept.
26, 1916.
Constanza captured by Germans — Oct. 23, 1916.
Courcelette captured by British— Sept. 15, 1916.
Craonne, battle of — Jan. 25-27, 1915; village re-
captured by French, May 4, 1917.
Ctesiphon captured by British — March 8, 1917.
Czernowitz captured by Russians — June 18. 1916
Dardanelles campaign begun — Nov. 3. 1914: end
ed, Jan. 9, 1916.
Dardanelles forts, bombardment of, begun — Feb.
19, 1915.
Dogger bank British naval victory— Jan. 24, 1915,
Douaumont fort, captured by Germans— Feb. 26.
1916; recaptured by French, Oct. 21, 1916.
Dubno captured by Russians — June 11, 1916.
Dunajec, battle of the— May 1, 1915.
Erzerum captured by Russians — Feb. 15. 1916.
Erzingan captured by Russians — July 25, 1916.
Falkland islands, naval battle of— Dec. 8, 1914.
Kestubert, battle of— May 16-17, 1915.
Flere captured by British— Sept. 15. 1916.
Fleury, battles of— July 11-Aug. 17, 1916.
Fiorina taken by Serbs— Aug. 18, 1916.
Fresnoy captured by Canadians — May 3, 1917.
Gallipoli, allies land at— April 22, 1915; evacu-
ated by British. Jan. 9, 1916.
Gaza, battle of— March 26-27, 1917.
Geudecourt captured by British— Sept. 26, 1916.
Gheluvelt, battle of— Oct. 31, 1914.
Ghent captured by Germans— Oct. 12, 1914.
Givenchy, battle of— Dec. 19-21, 1914.
Goritz captured by Italians— Aug. 9. 1916; re-
captured by Austro-Germans, Oct. 28, 1917.
Grandcourt captured by British— Feb. 7, 1917.
Guillemont captured by allies— Sept. 3, 1916.
Helgoland, naval battle of— Aug. 28, 1914.
Hermannstadt, battle of— Sept. 30, 1916.
Hill 70 (near Lens) captured— Aug. 15. 1917.
Hindenburg retreat began — March 11, 1917.
Hooge, battle of— Aug. 3-9, 1915.
Huloch. battle of— Sept. 25-Oct. 2, 1915.
Jaffa captured by British— Nov. 18. 1917,
Jericho captured— Feb. 21. 1918.
Jerusalem captured by British— Dec. 9, 1917.
Jutland, naval battle of (Skager-Rak)— May 31.
1916.
Kemmel hill taken by Germans— April 26. 1918.
Kitchener, Lord, lost at sea — June 5, 1916.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
647
Kovno captured by Germans — Aug. 17, 1915.
Kronstadt captured by Roumanians — Aug. 30,
1916; recaptured by Germans, Oct. 8, 1916.
Kut-el-Amara, surrender of British force at —
April 29, 1916; recaptured, Feb. 22-26, 1917.
La Bassee, battle of— Jan. 25-28, 1915.
Le Gateau, battle of— Aug. 26. 1914 ; Oct. 19. 1918.
Lemberg taken by Russians — Sept. 2, 1914 ; recap-
tured by Germans, June 22. 1916.
Les Boeufs captured by British— Sept. 25, 1916.
Libau occupied by Germans — May 8, 1915.
Liege captured by Germans — Aug. 6-8, 1914.
Lougueval taken by British— July 14, 1916.
Loos, battle of— Sept. 25 to Oct. 8, 1915.
Louvaiu burned — Aug. 26, 1914.
Lublin captured by Germans— July 31, 1915.
Maroie, battle of- Sept. 6-11, 1914 ; second battle
of. July 15. 1918.
Martinpuich captured by British — Sept. 15. 1916.
Maubeuge captured by Germans — Sept. 7, 1914.
Maurepas captured by French— Aug. 24, 1916.
Menin road, battle of— Oct. 4. 1917.
Messines ridge taken by British— June 7, 1917.
Meuse-Argonne. battles of— Sept. 26, Oct. 4 and
Nov. 1, 1918.
Monastir captured by Bulgarians— Dec. 2. 1915 ;
by allies, Nov. 19, 1916.
Monchy le Preux, battle of— April 23-25. 1917.
Monfalcone occupied by Italians— June 9, 1915.
Mons. battle of— Aug. 21-23. 1914.
Monte Santo taken by Italians— Aug. 24, 1917;
recaptured by Austrians and Germans. Oct.
28. 1917.
Morval captured by British — Sept. 25, 1916.
Neuve Chapelle, battle of— March 10-12, 1915.
Nish captured by Bulgarians— Nov. 5. 1915.
Novo Georglevsk captured by Germans— Aug.
19. 1915.
Orsova captured by Germans— Nov. 24, 1916.
Ostend occupied by Germans— Oct. 15, 1914.
Peronne captured by allies— March 18, 1917 ; lost
March 24. 1918; recaptured, Sept. 1. 1918.
Piave. battles of— June 23 and Oct. 28. 1918.
Pozleree captured by British— Aug. 9, 1916.
Prisrend captured by, Bulgarians — Nov. 30, 1915.
Przemysl, siege and capture of by Russians —
Sept. 20, 1914, to March 22, 1915 ; recaptured
by Germans, June 3, 1915.
Rancourt captured by French— Sept. 25 1916.
Reims— Oct. 2-9. 1918.
Richebourg. battle of— May 9-24, 1915.
Sailly-Saillisel taken by French— Oct. 18, 1916.
St. Eloy, battle of— Dec. 9, 1914.
St. Juvin. battle of— Oct. 14. 1918.
St. Mihiel. battle of— Sept. 12. 1918.
Saloniki, allies land at— Oct. 6, 1915.
Scutari captured by Austrians — Jan. 23, 1916.
Serbia, invasion of, begun— Oct. 7, 1915.
Silistria captured by Germans — Sept. 10 1916
Skuger-Kak, naval battle of— May 31, 1916.
Soissons, first battle of— Sept. 15, 1914 ; second
battle of, Jan. 8-12. 1915 ; lost by French, May
29, 1918 ; recapture by French, Aug. 2, 1918.
Somme, battle of. began— July 1. 1916.
Stanislau captured by Russians— Aug. 11, 1916.
Suez canal, battle near— Feb. 2, 1916.
Tannenberg, battle of— Aug. 26, 1914.
Tarnopol, battle of— Sept. 8. 1915.
Termonde destroyed — Sept. 18, 1914.
Thiepval captured by British— Sept. 26, 1916.
Tolmino occupied by Italians — July 3, 1915.
Torcy, battle of— July 18, 1918.
Trebizond captured by Russians — April 17, 1916.
Trentiuo. Austrian offensive in— May 15-June 6.
1916.
Tsingtao captured by Japanese — Nov. 7. 1914.
Turnu-Severfn captured by Germans— Nov. 24, 1916
Tutrakan captured by Germans — Sept. 7, 1916.
Udine captured by Austrians and Germans, Oct.
30, 1917.
Uskup captured by Bulgarians— Oct. 24, 1915.
Vaux, battle of— July 1. 1918. .
Vaux. port, recaptured by French— Nov. 3, 1916.
Verdun, German attacks on, began— Feb. 22, 1916.
Vermandovillers taken by French— Sept. 17, 1916.
Vilna captured by Germans— Sept. 18, 1915.
Vimy ridge captured, by Canadians — April 9, 1917.
Warsaw captured by Germans — Aug. 4, 1915.
Wytschaete captured by British— June 7, 1917.
Ypres, first battle of— Oct. 20-31, 1914; second
battle of. April 22-24, 1915; third battle of,
July 30-Aug. 2, 1917.
Yser canal, battles along— Oct. 20-28, 1914.
Zeebruege and Ostend blocked by British— April
22 and May 9. 1918.
On Sept. 29. 1918. the United States au-
thorities received through the Swiss legation
an ultimatum from Germany declaring: that
if no satisfactory answer was forthcoming on
Oct. 1 to the German protest against the use
of shotguns by American soldiers, reprisals
would be taken. The German communication
follows :
"From prisoners captured during- a skirmish
between patrols on July 27 a repeating shot-
gun was taken. The prisoners, who belonged
to American infantry regiment 307 of the
77th division, stated their patrol possessed
three such guns, each loaded with six car-
tridges and each cartridge containing nine shots
of size 00. Another shotgun was captured on
Sept. 11 from the 3d infantry regiment of
the 5th American division. The use of such
weapons is forbidden by The Hague conven-
tion as causing unnecessary suffering. The
German government protests energetically and
expects from the United States government
that steps will be taken immediately to dis-
continue the employment of shotguns
It is pointed out to the government of the
United States that a prisoner on whom a
shotgun or shotgun ammunition is found for-
feits his life."
Secretary of State Lansing- on Sept. 30 sent
the following note to the German government:
"In reply to the German protest the gov-
ernment of the United States has to say that,
the provision of The Hague convention cited
in the protest does not in its opinion forbid
the use of this kind of weapon. The gov-
ernment of the United States notes the threat
the German government to execute every
prisoner of war found to have in his posses-
sion shotguns or shotgun ammunition. Not-
USE OF SHOTGUNS IN WAR.
withstanding this threat, inasmuch as the
weapon is lawful and may be rightfully used,
its use will not be abandoned by the Ameri-
can army. Moreover, if the German govern-
ment should carry out its threat in a single
instance, it will be the right and duty of
the government of the United States to make
such reprisals as will best protect the Ameri-
can forces, and notice is hereby given of the
intention of the government of the United
States to make such reprisals."
[Article 23 of The Hague convention upon
which Germany based its protest provides
that it is "especially forbidden to employ
arms, projectiles or materials calculated to
cause unnecessary suffering."]
TREATMENT OF AMERICAN PRISONERS.
The war department in December, 1918.
made the following statement concerning the
physical condition of returned American pris-
oners, based on a cable received from Gen.
Pershing Nov. 29 :
1. American prisoners released from Ger-
man prison camps complain of poor, scanty
food and bad housing conditions. Only a
small percentage of those who are sick are
hospital cases: the majority are suffering from
slie-ht colds. Practically all recover rapidly
with proper food and housing.
2. There is as yet no evidence of discrim-
ination against Ampric 'ns. Among 7.000 pris-
oners of all nationalities there have been no
authenticated instances of brutality against
Americans.
3. The majority of American prisoners state
that the German soldiers also suffered food
privation, but that in cases where supply of
food was insufficient the food for prisoners
was cut off before that for German soldiers.
648
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WHY UNITED STATUES ENTERED THE WAR.
Wn«n one nation declares war on another for-
mal notice of this action is given to all coun-
tries with which the nation declaring war has
diplomatic relations. In this manner the United
States was officially informed that a state of
war existed by each of the belligerents that de-
clared war. The spark that touched off the
war was the murder of Archduke Francis Ferdi-
nand, heir apparent to the thrones of Austria
and Hungary, at Sarajevo, on June 28, 1914.
Austria-Hungary charged the Serbian nation with
complicity in the crime and demanded certain
concessions by way of reparation. These were
granted almost entirely, but Austria-Hungary pro-
fessed not to be satisfied and declared war. In
the negotiations between the different European
nations with a view of averting a general con-
flict the United States had no part. The chrono-
logical table given below furnishes an adequate
answer to the question: "Why did we go to
war?"
1914.
July 23 — Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to
Serbia.
July 28— Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
Aug. 1— Germany declares war on Russia.
Aug. 3— Germany declares war on France.
Aug. 3 — Congress appropriates .$250,000 for emer-
gency relief of Americans in Europe.
Aug. 4 — Germany declares war on Belgium.
Aug. 4— Great Britain declares war on Germany.
Aug. 4— America issues proclamation of neutral-
ity.
Aug. 4— France declares war on Germany.
Aug. 5 — President Wilson offers to mediate be-
tween belligerent nations; appeals for peace.
Aug. 5 — German-American cable cut.
Aug. 6— Austria-Hungary declares war on Rus-
sia.
Aug. 7— Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hun-
gary.
Aug. 9— Montenegro declares war on Germany.
Aug. 9— Serbia declares war on Germany.
Aug. 10— France declares war on Austria-Hun-
gary.
Aug. 12 — Great Britain declares war on Austria-
Hungary.
Aug. 14 — German kaiser tells United States Am-
bassador Gerard that he is unable to accept
president's offer of mediation ; says neutrality
of Belgium had to be violated on strategical
grounds.
Aug. 15 — Congress appropriates $2.500,000 for use
of American diplomatic and consular officers
abroad to relieve American citizens.
Aug. 16 — United States cruisers Tennessee and
North Carolina arrive at Falmouth, England,
with money for relief of stranded Americans.
Aug. 18— President Wilson appeals to citizens of
United States to observe strict neutrality.
Aug. 23 — Japan declares war on Germany.
Aug. 26 — Belgium protests to the United States
against throwing of bombs from German air-
craft on Antwerp.
Aug. 27 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Japan.
Aug. 28 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Bel-
gium.
Sept. 4— Kaiser protests to President Wilson
against alleged use by French of dumdum bul-
lets.
Sept. 11 — Congress appropriates $1,000,000 for ex-
penses of American embassies and legations
abroad representing various belligerents.
Sept. 16 — Mission from Belgium appeals to Pres-
ident Wilson against alleged atrocities commit-
ted by Germans.
Oct. 22 — American emergency war tax — increase
in internal revenue tax — becomes a law.
Nov. 1 — Rockefeller foundation announces -that it
will help Belgium relief work.
Nov. 3 — Russia declares war on Turkey.
Npv. 5 — Great Britain and France declare war
on Turkey.
Nov. 16— United States launch from cruiser Ten-
nessee fired upon by Turks at Smyrna.
Nov. 25— Allies ask United States to help enforce
neutrality of Ecuador and Colombia.
Dec. 24— Admiral von Tirpitz, chief of German
navy, outlines possibilities of ruthless sub-
marine war and asks: "What will America
say?"
1915.
Jan. 18— Buckthorne plant of John A. Roebling,
Trenton, N. J., engaged in work for allies,
burns' ; loss $1,500,000. Incendiarism suspected.
Jan. 19— Germany protests against American firms
making hydro-aeroplanes for England on ground
that they are war craft.
Jan. 22— Steamer Wilhelmina, loaded with food-
stuffs for Hamburg, Germany, leaves New
York ; is seized by British ; cargo declared con-
traband; after negotiations, $430,000 is awarded
owners.
Jan. 25 — British cruiser Farn captured by Ger-
man auxiliary cruiser Karlsruhe; sent to San
Juan, P. R., where it is interned.
Jan. 28— German auxiliary cruiser Prinz Eitel
Friedrich sinks American ship William P. Frye
and brings its crew to American port.
Jan. 29— United States replies to Germany that
hydro-aeroplanes cannot be considered war ves-
sels.
Feb. 2— Attempt to blow up international railroad
bridge between Vanceboro, Me., and New Bruns-
wick, Canada, confessed by Werner Horn, Ger-
man captain.
Feb. 4 — Germany proclaims waters surrounding
Great Britain and Ireland to be war zone and
says that on and after Feb. 18 "every enemy
merchant ship found in said zone will be de-
stroyed, it being not always possible to avert
dangers that threaten crews and passengers.
Even neutral ships are exposed to dansrpr in
war zone, as in view of misuse of neutral
flags ordered Jan. 31 by British government and
of accidents of naval war it cannot always be
avoided to strike even neutral ships in at-
tacks that are directed at enemy snips."
Feb. 10— United States replies to German procla-
mation, warning Germany that destruction of
American vessels or loss of American life is
an Indefensible violation of neutral rights and
that United States will hold Germany to strict
accountability for all such acts.
Feb. 10 — America protests to Great Britain
against use of American flag by British ships
when pursued by enemy.
Feb. 15 — Congress starts investigation of interned
ships of belligerents.
Feb. 16— Germany protests to the United States
against British blockade ; justifies its subma-
rine campaign on ground of "starvation meth-
ods1" of allies ; says it is not the intention of
Germany to destroy neutral lives and neutral
property.
Feb. 19 — American freight ship Evelyn, carrying
cotton from New York to Bremen, strikes mine
in North sea ; one life lost.
Feb. 19— Great Britain explains that American
flag was raised on liner Lusitania at request
of American passengers and that this practice
has been recognized heretofore as permissible
in an emergency.
Feb. 20 — United States sends identical notes to
Great Britain and Germany asking that neu-
tral vessels be not endangered; that no float-
ing mines be turned loose ; that no anchored
mines be placed in high seas ; that submarines
be not used to attack merchantmen ; that no
neutral flag be used on belligerent ships ; that
the nations agree that United States send
foodstuffs to American agents in Germany for
distribution to noncombatants.
Feb. 22— American ship Carib sunk at mouth of
Ems river, Germany.
Feb. 27— Hamburg-American steamer Dacia. sold
to Edward Breitung, an American, and loaded
with cotton, bound for Rotterdam, taken by
French to Brest.
March 1— Germany replies that it would be will-
ing not to use floating mines ; refuses to give
up anchored mines'; sets forth submarine is not
to attack merchant ships except to visit and
search ; sets forth enemy is not to use neutral
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
649
flag nor to arm its merchantmen ; demands that
raw material be passed in addition to food-
stuffs, the plan for the distribution of . which
it says "is generally acceptable."
March 1— France and Great Britain announce that
ia view of indiscriminate sinking of ships by
Germany, allies will hold, detain and take Into
port ships carrying goods of presumed enemy
origin, destination and ownership.
Match 3 — Congress creates coast guard and naval
reserve.
March 3— Bill providing for government ownership
and operation of merchant vessels in foreign
trade fails of passage in congress.
March 4 — Congress prohibits use of American
waters as base for belligerent warships.
March 5— United States aafce limit to "radius of
activity" of British warships in seizing neutral
ships bound for Germany.
March 6— Five men killed in two explosions in
Du Pont powder plant at Haskell. N. U., man-
ufacturing for allies.
March 8— Charles Ruroede pleads guilty in New
York to obtaining false passports for German
reservists.
March 10— German auxiliary cruiser Prinz Eitel
Friedrich reaches Norfolk, Va., with crew of
American ship William P. Frye, which it sank
Feb. 28.
March 14— France sends word that it will seize
no neutral ship unless it carries contraband:
neutral owner may sell contraband in French
ports ; if German owns cargo it will be se-
questrated until end of war.
March 15 — Great Britain reports order in council
stopping all ships1 with commodities of any
kind going to or from Germany.
March 15— Great Britain replies to American note
of Feb. 20 that it cannot consider acting on it
since Germany will not abandon mine laying
or submarine warfare. It protests against
German acts affecting civilians in Belgium and
northern France ; mine laying on high seas ;
mistreatment of British prisoners of war ; sink-
ing of British merchantmen ; bombard ing of
defenseless towns and air raids.
March 27 — American merchantman Falaba, 3,011
tons, sunk by submarine ; one American life
lost.
March 30— United States issues protest against
interference with its trade.
March 31— The United States presents to Germany
a claim for $228,059 for sinking of the William
P. Frye.
April 1— Five men killed in explosion in plant
of Equitable Powder company, Alton, 111.
April 2 — American ship Greenbrier sunk by a
mine imrr jdiately after leaving Bremen for
New York.
April 4 — Germany protests that food shipments
are not reaching her ; since American war ma-
terials can reach only one group of belligerents
she suggests an embargo on all war shipments.
April 5—JSermany offers to put the case of the
William P. Frye up to prize court, to which
the United States objects.
April 8— German converted cruiser Prinz Eitel
Friedrich interned at Norfolk navy yard.
April 21— United States replies to German pro-
test against sending munitions that it would
not be neutral if it abandoned trade.
April 22 — German embassy at Washington pub-
lishes warning in New York newspapers
against passengers sailing on Lusitania.
April 26— Kronprinz Wilhelm, German converted
cruiser, interned.
April 28— American oil tank steamer Gushing,
bound from Rotterdam to Philadelphia, attacked
near Antwerp by German aeroplane, which
throws three bombs.
May 1 — American oil tank steamer Gulflight tor-
pedoed by German submarine without warning
off Scilly islands ; three Americans dead.
May 7 — Cunard liner Lusitania. from New York
to Liverpool, torpedoed off Irish coast by Ger-
man submarine without warning; 114 American
lives lost.
May 12 — Guncotton storehouse of Anderson Chem-
ical company, Wallington, N. J., wrecked by
explosion ; three dead.
May 13— United States sends first protest to Ger-
many on sinking of Lusitania as not compati-
ble with international law.
May 23— Italy declares waf on Austria-Hungary.
May 25 — American ship Nebraskan, chartered to
British White Star line, carrying coal for
United States navy, damaged by a German
submarine near Ireland.
May 28— Germany defends sinking of Lusitania,
asserting that it carried munitions and trav-
eled too fast to be warned.
June 8— William J. Bryan resigns as secretary of
state.
June 9— United States again asks Germany, in
second Lusitania note, for assurances that
American lives and property will be safe-
guarded in future.
June 12 — Bernhard Dernburg, German propaganda
leader in America, who justified sinking of Lu-
sitania in newspaper interview, departs for Ger-
many via Norway because of his unpopularity.
June 23 — Robert Lansing, counselor of state de-
partment, made secretary of state.
June 28 — British mule ship Armenian sunk by
German submarine ; twenty Americans dead.
June 29 — Austria protests to the United States
against shipment of munitions to allies ; admits
America's legal right, but insists action is
not neutral, because part of belligerents are
cut off from supply.
July 2— Frank Holt (Erich Muenter) tries to
blow up capitol at Washington as protest
against making munitions; next day tries to
kill J. P. Morgan ; commits suicide in jail,
July 6.
July 7— Incendiary fire discovered in hold of
transatlantic steamer Minnehaha: little dam-
age.
July 8 — Germany promises that American ships
in the prosecution of legal voyages will not be
hindered ; American lives on neutral vessels
shall not be placed in jeopardy.
July 9— Cunard line steamship Orduna, carrying
Americans, attacked off Irish coast by sub-
marine with torpedo and shells without warn-
ing; uninjured.
July 12 — Germany declares1 attack on steamer
Nebraskan was due to misunderstanding; ex-
presses regret and promises compensation.
July 13 — Public disclosures prove attempts by
German sympathizers in United States1 to de-
stroy by bombs the following transatlantic
vessels: Bankdale, Touraine, Devon City, Lord
Erne, Cressington, Samland, Lord Devonshire,
Kirkoswald and Strathtay.
July 13— Mixing building of United Safety Pow-
der company at Jefferson, Ky., wrecked ; three
killed.
July 21— United States, in third Lusitania note,
asks Germany to make reparation for lives lost
and disavow act; declares that such another
attack will be considered deliberately un-
friendly.
July 25— American ship Leelanaw, from Arch-
angel to Belfast, loaded with flax, torpedoed
off the Orkneys.
July 31— British steamer Iberian, 5,223 tons, sunk;
three Americans killed by shell fire; three
wounded.
Aug. 12 — United States replies to Austria-Hungary
that it is not violating neutrality in making
munitions.
Aug. 16 — Five killed In explosion of Sinnamahon-
ing (Pa.) plant of JEtna. Explosives company.
Aug. 19— White Star liner Arabic, 15,801 tons, tor-
pedoed ; two Americans killed.
Aug. 19 — Germany regrets that any Americans
lost their lives on Arabic.
Aug. 20— Italy declares war on Turkey.
Aug. 24 — German Ambassador Bernstorff gives out
interview in Washington saying loss of Amer-
ican lives on Arabic was "contrary to our in-
tention."
Aug. 29— Two Dn Pont powder mills at Wilming-
ton, Del., destroyed; two killed.
Aug. 30— Shrapnel plant of E. J. Dodd company,
Baltimore, Md.. burned.
650
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Aug. 30— Through discovery of letters carried by
James J. F. Archibald and seized by English
at Falmouth, United States learns that Dr.
Constantin T. Duiuba, ambassador of Austria-
Hungary to United States, writes his superiors
that he has plans- under way to "disorganize
and hold up for months, if not entirely prevent,
manufacture of munitions in Bethlehem, Pa.,
and middle west, which, in opinion of German
attache, is of great importance and amply out-
weighs expenditure of money involved." Other
disclosures also made.
Sept. 1— Germany promises that "liners will not
be sunk by our submarines without warning
and without safety to lives of noncombatants,
provided that liners do not try to escape or
offer resistance."
Sept. 4— Steamship Hesperian, 6,124 tons, torpe-
doed; one American killed.
Kept. 9— President Wilson asks recall of Dr.
Dumba, Austro-Hungarian ambassador, on
ground of Archibald disclosures.
Sept. 16— British government condemns Chicago
meats seized in four Norwegian ships as con-
traband: value $15,000,000.
Sept. 19— Germany, after negotiation in case of
the William P. Frye. agrees that amount of
damage shall be settled by conference of ex-
perts and says submarines have been ordered
not to destroy American merchantmen carrying
conditional contraband.
Sept. 21— British house of commons makes public
thirty-four letters and documents found on
Archibald; two from German attache, Boy-Ed,
and one from Von Papen. German captain.
Sept. 24 — Austria-Hungary reiterates protest*
against America's making of munitions.
Oct. 6— Germany advises United States that com-
mander of submarine which sank Arabic feared
liner meant to ram him.
Oct. 12— Edith Cavell, English nurse, executed
at Brussels in spite of protest of American
legation,
Oct. IS — Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
Oct. 14 — Great Britain declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. IB— Russia and France declare war on Bul-
garia.
Oct. 15— Six officers of German interned steamer
Kronprinz Wilhelm break parole and escape in
yacht.
Oct. 19— Italy declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 24 — United States secret service men arrest
Robert Fay. lieutenant in German army, and
others in New York on charge of conspiring to
destroy munitions ships by bombs; Fay, Wal-
ter Scholz and Paul Daeche found guilty May
8, 1916.
Nov. 7 — Ancona, 8.210 tons, sunk by Austrian
submarine; twenty-four Americans killed.
Nov. 8— German gunboat Gtier interned in Hono-
lulu with German steamer Locksun.
Nov. 10 — Machine shop of Bethlehem Steel com-
pany. South Bethlehem, Pa., burned with loss
of $5,000,000.
Dec. 3 — United States asks Germany to recall
Capt. Boy-Ed, military attache, and Capt. von
Papen for "improper activities in military and
naval matters." Boy-Ed said to have handled
$750,000 for chartering ships to supply German
raiders.
Dec. 3 — United States steamer Comraunipaw
bunk.
Dec. 4 — Karl Buenz, Adolf Hochmeister, George
Koetter and Joseph Poppinghaus of tho Ham-
burg-American line convicted of conspiracy to
deceive and defraud the United States by sup-
plying German cruisers at sea.
Dec. 5 — American oil tank ship Petrolite at-
tacked.
Dec. 6— United States sends Austria' note of pro-
test against f-inking of Ancona.
Dec. 7— President Wilson advocates preparedness
in message to congress.
Dec. 23— Three German sympathizers Indicted in
New York for attempt to blow up the Welland
canal.
Dec. 20 — British liner Peisia sunk by submarine;
Robert N. McNeely, newly appointed consul of
United States at Aden. Arabia, killed; also
Homer R. Salisbury. American missionary.
1916.
Jan. 6— Brindisi. Italian steamship, strikes mine:
one American killed.
Jan. 7 — Germany in official note promises sub-
marine shall insure safety of crews and pas-
seugers; if accident prevents this, will make
reparation; offers to pay indemnity for Ameri-
cans lost on Lusitania.
Jan. 18 — United States asks Great Britain,
France, Belgium, Russia and Italy to agree to
certain restrictions to insure safety of non-
combatants and their rights to travel in war
zones.
Jan. 27— President Wilson begins speaking tour
through country to advocate large volunteer
army with reserve of 500,000.
Feb. 1 — Appain, British steamer, captured at sea
by German raider Moewe, reaches Norfolk, Va.,
in hands of German prize crew to be interned.
British protest seizure and take question into
courts; decision in favor of British rendered
July 29, 1916.
Feb. 10— Lindley M. Garrison resigns as secre-
tary of war as protest against volunteer army
policy.
Feb. 10 — Austria and Germany announce to
United States that after Feb. 29 they will
treat armed merchantmen as belligerent ships.
Feb. 17— Lusitania case regaided as settled; Ger-
many agrees to warn liners, but objects to
armament.
Feb. 24— President Wilson, in letter to Senator
Stone, declares rights of Americans cannot be
abridged or denied and that order to Ameri-
cans to keep off armed merchantmen would be
such denial.
March 3— Gore resolution declaring sinking of
armed merchant vessel by submarine with loss
of American life cause for war lost in senate.
March 7— House refuses to consider McLemore
resolution to warn all American citizens
against traveling in armed ships.
March 9 — One American injured in torpedoing of
Norwegian bark Silvius by German submarine.
March 10— Germany declares war on Portugal.
March 16— Dutch liner Tubantia, with Americans
aboard, torpedoed without warning; British
merchantman Berwindale, with four Americans
aboard, torpedoed.
March 23— Allied nations reply to proposal of
Jan. 18, asserting that in view of ruthless tor-
pedoing of merchantmen they cannot accept
plan proposed by United States.
March 24— French channel steamer Sussex torpe
doed without warning; Americans injured.
British merchantman Englishman torpedoed:
one American killed.
March 25 — United States makes public status of
armed merchant vessels.
March 27— United States asks Germany if her
submarine sank the Sussex.
March 27— British merchantman Manchester En-
gineer with Americans aboard sunk without
warning by torpedo.
March 28— United States asks Germany if her
submarine sank the Englishman.
March 29— United States asks Germany if her
submarine sank Manchester Engineer.
March 31— Horst von der Goltz, alleged German
spy discloses plot to invade Canada, destroy
Welland canal; admits enlisting Germans in
Baltimore and elsewhere.
April 1— United States asks Germany if her sub-
marine sank British steamer Eagle Point, with
Americans aboard, on March 28.
April 1— United States asks Germany if her sub-
marine sank British steamer Berwindale, with
Americans aboard, on March 16.
April 11— Germany replies Berwindale tried to
{•scape submarine; Englishman tried to escape;
Manchester Engineer not established: Eagle
Point tried to escape; Sussex sinking not yet
traced to submarine.
April 18— United States furnishes proof that Ger-
man submarine sank Sursex; threatens breach
of diplomatic relations if similar sinking is
repeated.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
651
April 19— President Wilson goes before congress
to explain details of submarine controversy
and warning to break relations.
April 19— Government officers in New York seize
papers of Wolf von Igel, former secretary to
Capt. von Papen; German ambassador asks for
papers on ground of diplomatic immunity; gov-
ernment offers to give him any that he can
identify as belonging to embassy.
April 27 — Congress increases the number of ca-
dets admitted to West Point.
May 4 — Germany announces submarine command-
ers have received orders not to sink ships with
out warning and saving human lives, unless
they offer resistance or attempt to escape
May 9 — Germany in detailed statement declares
all ships encountered by submarines will be
dealt with according to international law: if
neutral is damaged Germi ny will-* make repa-
ration without recourse to a prize court or
submit to international arbitration.
May 13— New York holds first preparedness dem-
onstration in country with 125,683 men 4n line.
May 16 — Batavier V., Dutch liner, sunk by mine;
one American killed.
June 3 — Chamberlain army bill, providing for vol-
130,214 men in line.
June 3 — Chamberlain army bill, providing for vol-
unteer army and federalized national guard,
becomes law.
June 12— Congress appropriates $200,000 for train-
ing national guard.
July 1— Act drafting national guard into regular
army becomes a law.
July 10 — Gernran merchant submarine Deutsch-
land arrives at Baltimore, Md.. after 4,180 mile
trip, to take on cargo.
July 24 — British government advises United States
blockade need r.ot be continuous to be binding.
July 31— Dutch liner Koenigin Wilhelmina, with
American aboard, torpedoed.
Aug. 22— Allies protest to United States against
letting submarines use United States ports.
Aug. 27— Roumania declares war on Austria-Hun-
gary. Italy declares war on- Germany.
Aug. 28 — Germany declares war on Roumania.
Aug. 29— Act increasing navy becomes law. adds
157 ships; ten battle ships; six battle cruisers;
ten scout cruisers' fifty destroyers: nine fleet
submarines; fifty-nine regular submarines.
Aug. 30 — Turkey declares war on Roumania.
Aug. 31— United States replies to allies that sub-
marines are recognized as other warships; may
use American ports for specified time.
Sept. 2 — British merchantman Kelvinu, with
twenty-eight Americans aboard, sunk by mine
or torpedo.
Sept. 7— Shipping board to encourage naval aux-
iliary formed.
Sept. 8— Emergency revenue act becomes law;
provides for special munitions tax, etc.
Oct. 7 — German war submarine U-53 puts In at
Newport, R. I.; on Oct. 8 it sinks Strathdene,
British; West Point. British: Stephano. Brit-
ish; Blocmersdyk. Dutch, and Christian Knud-
sen, Norwegian. United States destroyers res-
cue survivors. Stephano had many Americans
aboard returning from vacation in Newfound-
land.
Oct. 19 — Aulania, British merchantman, sunk
without warning in English channel; twenty-
one Americans aboard.
Oct. 28— American ship Lanao sunk off Ports-
mouth by submarine.
Oct. 28— British steamer Marina sunk without
warning by German submarine; six Americans
killed.
Nov. 7— American steamer Columbian shelled and
sunk by Oermati submarine off Spanish coast.
Nov. 16— Belgium asks United States to inter-
vene in Berlin against deportation of Belgians
to work in Germany.
Nov. 26— American merchantman Chemung sunk
off Andalusia.
•Nov. 26— Germany refuses to give United States
Consul Pike rieht to cross Germany from War-
nemunde to Switzerland.
Nov. 29— United States sends protest against de-
portations of Belgians to Germany.
Dec. 4— Italian steamship Palermo, with twenty-
five Americans aboard, sunk.
Dec. 12— Germany sends formal note saying that
it is ready for peace negotiations.
Dee. 14— British ship Russian, with seventeen
Americans aboard, sunk.
Dec. 18 — President Wilson addresses note to all
belligerent powers, proposing that steps be
taken to assure peace and that all powers state
what they are fighting for.
Dec. 30— Allies reply to United States, saying
that as their objectives have not been reached
In world war they cannot enter into peace
negotiations with Germany.
1917.
Jan. 11— Franz Bopp, German consul-general at
San Frapcisco, and Baron George W. von
Brincken convicted of conspiring to injure
American shipping, munitions plants, etc., and
sentenced to two years' imprisonment.
Jan. 19 — British steamer Yarrowdale sunk: sev-
enty-two American seamen taken as prisoners
to Germany.
Jan. 11 — Germany replies that entente reply to-
president's peace proposal leaves her nothing
to do but to fight against "attempt to crush"
her.
Jan. 22 — President Wilson addresses senate on a
world league for peace; proposes a peace with-
out victory.
Jan. 31— Germany gives United States Ambassa-
dor Gerard in Berlin six hours' notice of open-
ing of ruthless submarine warfare; declare*
ships will be sunk within specified zone around
British isles whether neutral or not if sub-
marine has not time to warn or allow men to
escape.
Feb. 3 — In view of Germany's summary breaking
of pledges regarding safety of neutrals in sub-
marine zone President Wilson breaks diplo-
matic relations and gives Ambassador Berns-
torff his passports.
Feb. 3 — American merchantman Housatonic sunk:
by submarine.
Feb. 4 — Germany announces Americans taken on
Yarrowdale will be released.
Feb. 13— American merchantman Lyman M. Law
sunk by German submarine.
Feb. 21— Publication is made of intercepted note
from German Foreign Secretary ZHmmermann
to German minister in Mexico City, dated Jan.
19. 1917, proposing alliance between Mexico,
Japan and Germany and suggesting Mexico be
paid by annexation of American southwestern
states for co-operation with Germany.
Feb. 26— British steamer Laconia sunk; five-
Americans killed.
Feb. 25 — Spanish embassy In Berlin informed men
from Yarrowdale had been released. Men-
reached Switzerland March 11; complained of
cruel treatment as prisoners of war.
March 2 — American merchantman Algonquin sunk
by German submarine with shell fire and
bombs; crew escapes.
March 8 — Dr. Chakraberty, prominent in Indian
Independence movement, admits in New York
getting $60.000 from Wolf von Igel, German
agent, to start trouble In India.
March 9 — President Wilson orders navy depart-
meiit to arm American merchant vessels.
March 3 — President Wilson calls congress to meet
in extraordinary session April 16.
March 12— United States serves formal notice on
neutrals of severance of relations with Ger-
many and asks neutral support.
March 14— China informs United States that she
severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
March 17 — First armed American liner. St. Louis,
leaves New York, carrying naval gun crew un-
der decision of president allowing American
ships to arm.
March 18— Three American ships sunk by subma-
rine— City of Memphis, Illinois and Vitrilancia;
fifteen members of Vigilancia crew lost.
March 21 — President Wilson calls congress to-
meet April 2. instead of April 16; stutP de-
partment announces new Russian provisional
government has been recognized.
March 22 — American oil ship Healdton, with car-
652
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
go worth $2,150,000, sunk by submarine; seven
Americans killed.
March 22— Immense miss meeting in New York
demands action against Germany; 12,000 pledge
loyalty.
March 22 — Capt. Franz Rintelen of German navy
and two others convicted in New York of con-
spiracy to interfere with shipment of muni-
tions.
March 24 — Navy department lets contracts for
twenty-four destroyers traveling thirty-five
knots an hour, each to cost $1.400,000.
March 24— President Wilson orders Brand Whit-
lock. United States minister, and ail consuls
in Belgium to leave.
March 25— President Wilson signs bill to increase
navy personnel by 26,000 men to 87.000.
March 25— War department calls units of na-
tional guard in nine states and district of
Columbia: 13,000 men.
March 26 — War department calls 25,000 men.
March fO— Tbe federal government calls on all
government employes, totaling 500,000, to aid
secret service department in detecting spies
and plots.
April 1 — American steamer Aztec, 3.722 tons,
value $500,000, sunk off Brest; twenty-eight
men, including Boatswain's Mate Eopulucci of
United States naval guard, dead.
April 2— Six Germans convicted in New York of
conspiracy to destroy munitions ships by
bombs, among them the chief engineer of the
German steamship Friedrich der Grosse and
four assistant engineers.
April 2— The 65th congress meets in special ses-
sion and President Wilson asks it to declare
that a state of war exists between the United
States and Germany, due to Germany's making
war on this country.
April 4— American merchantman Mis^ourian, left
Genoa April 4, 4.981 tons, sunk without warn-
ing in Mediterranean.
April 4 — Senate votes war resolution.
April 5 — Disclosures made showing that an office
for the issuance of fraudulent American pass-
ports to German reservists was maintained by
Hans von Wedell and others under the super-
vision of Capt. von Papen and with the as-
sistance of Wolf von Igel
April 5--Belgian relief ship' Trevier. 2,991 tons,
carrying food to Belgians, torpedoed.
April 6 — House votes war resolution.
April 6 — War measure signed by President Wil-
son, Formal war proclamation is issued.
THE UNITED STATES WAR TRADE BOARD.
MEMBERS.
Vance C. McCormick. representative of the
secretary of state, chairman.
Albert Strauss, representative of the secretary
of the treasury.
Alonzo E. Taylor, representative of the secre-
tary of agriculture.
Clarence M. Woolley, representative of the
secretary of commerce.
Beaver White, representative of the food ad-
ministrator.
Frank C. Munson, representative of the
United States shipping: board.
Thomas L. Chadbourne, Jr., counselor.
Lawrence Bennett, secretary of the war trade
board. — •
Edwin F. Gay, additional representative of the
United States shipping board.
BRANCH OFFICES AND SPECIAL AGENTS.
CJ-alveston, Tex. — George W. Briggs, bureau of
exports. Federal building.
Los Angeles, Cal. — William Dunkerley. bureau
of exports. International Bank building.
Mobile. Ala. — M. Waring Harrison, bureau of
exports, custom house.
New Orleans. La. — Joseph P. Henican. bureau
of exports. 308 Canal Bank building.
New York, N. Y.— William E. Peck, bureau of
exports, 45 Broadway.
Philadelphia, Pa.— Edward C. Dixon, bureau
of exports, 305 Lafayette building.
Portland, Ore. — Henry L. Cprbett, bureau of
exports, 748 Morgan building.
9an Francisco. Cal. — C. O. G. Miller, bureau
of exports, 212 custom house.
Savannah, Ga. — J. W. Motte, bureau of ex-
ports. Savannah Bank & Trust Co. building.
Seattle, Wash. — J. MacPhee Ferguson, bureau
of exports, 825 Henry building.
BUREAUS AND DIRECTORS.
Exports — C. A. Richards.
Imports — Frederick B. Peterson.
Enemy Trade — John H. Hammond.
War Trade Intelligence — Paul Fuller, Jr.
Transportation — L. L. Richards.
Research — W. M. Adriance.
Tabulation and Statistics — L. J. Reed.
Foreign Agents and Reports — Charles Denby.
Administration — Harry A. Engman, Jr.
DUTIES AND POWERS OF BOARD.
The war trade board is part of the adminis-
trative machinery established by the presi-
dent Oct. 12, 1917, under the terms of the
"trading with the enemy act" approved Oct.
6, the same year. Its duties and powers in
general are to regulate the issuing of licenses
for exports and imports and for trading with
enemies or the allies of enemies. It takes the
place of the exports administrative board
created by executive order Aug. 21, 1917.
THE NEW LIEUTENANT-GENERALS.
[From the Army and Navy Journal.]
Gen. Hunter Liffffett was born in Pennsyl-
vania. March 21, 1857. and is a graduate of
the U. S. M. A., class of 1879. when he was
assigned as a second lieutenant to the 5th in-
fantry. Later promotions took him to the
21st. 13th and 15th regiments of inlantry.
and he also served a detail as A. A. G. In
the Philippine campaigns (1899-01) he served
as a major of the 31st U. S. volunteer infan-
try. His early service in the army was against
the Indians on the frontier. He was an in-
structor at the war college and had a great
deal to do with the building up of that in-
stitution. He was also a member of the gen-
eral staff, and is known as a keen student of
tactics and as a thoroughly resourceful officer.
He became a major-general in the regular
army March 6, 1917, following the death of
Gen. Funston. Among other duties in France
he was in command of the American forces in
their Champagne offensive.
Gen. Robert L. Bullard was born in Ala-
bama. Jan. 15. 1861. and is a graduate of
the U. S. M. A., class of 1885, when he was
assigned to the 10th infantry. He subse-
quently served in the 6th. 10th. 28th. 8th and
26th regiments of infantry and in the old
commissary department. He is a graduate ol
the army war college, and during the war
with Spain served as colonel of the 3d Ala-
bama volunteers. After being mustered out
in August. 1899. he was appointed colonel of
the 39th U. S. volunteer infantry, which took
part in Philippine campaigns. He saw plenty
of action in the Philippines and had a num-
ber of narrow escapes from being killed
when in action against the Moro tribes under
Gen. Pershing. He served in Texas during:
the Mexican trouble in 1916. and is an officer
of proved ability, who has given ample proof
of this in the battle at Cantigny and other ac-
tions in France. He became a brigadier-gen-
eral in the regular army on June 9. 1917. He
was appointed a major-general in the national
army Aug. 5. 1917.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
653
REVOLUTION
When the "victory march" of the German
armies to Paris was definitely stopped by the
Americans and the allies in July, 1918. re-
ports began to filter out of Germany that
trouble was brewing1. Meeting's in various
parts of the empire were held at which dis-
content with the military and civil heads of
the government was openly expressed. The
sentiment against autocratic rule was in-
creased by the knowledge that peace could not
be made while Emperor William and the jun-
kers were in the saddle. In August, September
and October, while the German armies were
being1 driven steadily back toward their own
country, the internal situation in Germany
grew worse and there were those who pre-
dicted that the war miyht end sooner than
the military experts had thought possible. Most
of these fixed upon the fall of 1919 as about
the earliest time when a decision might be
reached. The news from the interior of Ger-
many, however, was confused, uncertain and
unreliable. Strict censorship prevented any-
thing definite from being1 made known to the
world until the terms of the armistice were ac-
cepted and signed. Then it was announced that
the emperor had abdicated and that the coun-
try was in the hands of socialists, who had
formed a temporary government until a con-
stituent assembly could frame a permanent
constitution — a republic perhaps. It was pro-
claimed as a real revolution, though there
were many even in December. 1918. who had
serious doubts on that score.
Cabinet Changes.
The dissatisfaction with the government's
policy was indicated clearly by the cabinet
changes which occurred
in Germany in 1918.
Dr. Richard von Kuehl-
mann became foreign
minister Aug. 6. 1917,
succeeding1 Dr. Alfred
F. M. Zimmermann,
whose retirement
closely followed the ex-
posure of his plot to
involve the United
States in war with
Mexico and Japan in
the event that this
country showed any in-
clination to join the
entente allies Dr. von
Kuehlmann's conduct
of the foreign office ap-
peared to be successful until June 25, 1918.
when he appeared before the reichstagr to dis-
cuss the political aspects of the situation fac-
ing1 Germany. During1 his address he said:
"In view of the magnitude of this war and
the number of powers, including1 those from
overseas, that are engaged. Its end can hardly
be expected through purely military decisions
alone and without recourse to diplomatic ne-
gotiations."
This statement, which flatly contradicted
speeches by the German emoeror, who only
a short time before had referred to peace be-
ing1 won by "the strong1 German sword," waa
received with consternation in the reichstag1
and with sharp criticism by the country. It
was later reported that Dr. von Kuehlmann's
words had been approved by Gen. Ludendorff,
the. German commander on the western front.
This brought to notice rumors of friction be-
tween Ludendorff and the German crown
prince and his coterie, who compose the rad-
ical pan-Germanic elements in official circles.
Soon after the address in the reiehstag it be-
came common knowledge that Dr. von Kuehl-
mann a retirement from office would be forth-
coming1. Some reports were to the effect that
his address was intended to inform the Ger-
man people that their armies could not win
the war and was delivered with the cognizance
of the emperor, who. when he saw what a
storm had been stirred up. resolved to make
Von Kuehlmann the scapegoat.
Prince Maximilian Made Chancellor.
Whatever may have been the truth as to
these reports. Dr. von Kuehlmann resigned
N. y. H«
FRIEDRICH EBERT.
IN GERMANY.
July 4. 1918. and a few days later was suc-
ceeded by Admiral von Hintze. a naval officer
with a reputation for intrigue of the kind
which brought notoriety to Ambassador Bern-
storff and his underlings in Washington. He
had become a diplomat through his friendship
with Emperor William. As foreign minister
he did not accomplish anything notable and
on Sept. 30 he and Chancellor von Hertlius
resigned. About the same time it was an-
nounced from Berlin that the three majority
parties in the reichstagr had arrived at an
agreement looking to the formation of par-
liamentary government with a. responsible min-
istry. Dr. W. S. Solf, minister of colonies,
succeeded Admiral von Hintze, while Prince
Maximilian of Baden was made chancellor.
These changes were brought about chiefly be-
cause of the consternation created by the sur-
render of Bulgaria to the allies. On hearing1
of the ^appointment of Prince Maximilian
James W. Gerard, former American -ambassa-
dor to Germany, said to an interviewer in
Los Angeles. Cal. :
"Prince Maximilian is a man who knows
English perfectly and is one of the high Ger-
mans who seem to be able to think and be-
lieve like an ordinary human being. The put-
ting1 forward of a_ man of Prince Maximilian's
personality and views in the position of chan-
cellor, to my mind, means a very definite at-
tempt to seek peace and abandonment of the
pan-German policy, because Prince Maximilian
is opposed to this insane idea of pan-German,
ism. of world conquest."
Early in 1918 Prince Maximilian crave a
semiofficial interview in which he outlined his
views on Germany's peace terms. His state-
ment was a rude shock to the pan-Germans,
in that he advocated the abandonment of all
ideas of conquest. He advocated an Anglo-
Saxon peace in the sense that the German
empire must serve as a bulwark in protecting
the western nations from the spread of Rus-
sian bolshevism.
Other cabinet changes occurred at the same
time when Solf and Prince Maximilian were
appointed. Mathias Erzberger. the centrist
leader, was made secretary of state without
portfolio. Herr Bauer, socialist member of
the reichstag. was named as secretary of state
for the imperial labor office. Dr. Solf. it was
announced, would continue during1 the war to
act also as colonial secretary, with Dr. Gleim
as undersecretary. Dr. Eduard David, social-
ist leader of the reichstag. was appointed un-
dersecretary for foreign affairs, and Gen. Gr.oe-
ner was appointed to succeed Gen. von Stem,
resigned, as Prussian minister of war.
Troops Join People.
Dissatisfaction continued to increase despite
proclamations by the emperor and appeals by
the new ministers. On Oct. 25 a man ar-
riving in The Hague from Germany gave the
following account of the situation there:
"On Tuesday of last week there was a great
meeting at Ludwigshafen. attended by a crowd
estimated as high as 15.000 persons. This
was a protest meeting against the war. insist-
ing that peace must be concluded forthwith.
It was followed on Thursday by another
meeting at Mannheim, when a resolution was
adopted in favor of a general strike if peace
was not brought about with the utmost pos-
sible dispatch.
"Every sort of condemnation was uttered
of the German statesmen who brought the
country to its present pass. The audience,
worked up by the rough and ready eloquence
of popular orators, reached an extraordinary
Pitch of excitement. Denunciations of Hin-
denburg, Ludendorff and Prince Max— in fact,
of every one connected with the present rul-
ing powers— came thick and fast.
"At last, when the meeting demanded the
overthrow of the present regime and the sub-
stitution of a republican form of government,
the military intervened. A captain marched a
company of soldiers with fixed bayonets into
the meeting and ordered them to disperse tne
audience.
654
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK. FOE 1919.
"Then occurred what I never expected to
witness in Germany, for I was present at
this meeting. As the soldiers entered, the
audience cheered and beg-an to sing the 'Work-
ers' Marseillaise.' Many of those present
grasped the soldiers' hands. The soldiers in-
etead of obeying orders unfixed their bayonets,
sheathed them, joined the audience in singing1
the revolutionary song:, and left them un-
disturbed.
"The captain, crimson with rage, drew a re-
volver and threatened to fire on the people,
but a man beside him lifted up a chair and
the captain thoug-ht better of it and left the
meeting1, which lasted until 1 o'clock, when
the soldiers went away, fraternizing; with the
crowd.
"In all these proceeding's women take an
active part, beinsr indeed more insistent and
excitable than the men. Women have got
beyond the passive resistance stage.
"But the -great event of the week followed
on Friday evening, when an open air meeting
was held. This meeting took place In a
meadow adjacent to the town, and as the
people returned in a huge procession the po-
lice endeavored to arrest its progress. Ma-
chine guns were posted and when the demon-
strators declined to obey the order to dis-
perse they were brought into action.
"A regular battle followed. Several women
were killed and many members of the crowd
were severely wounded. The police, however,
did not have it all their own way. Bombs
were thrown by the crowd, killing and wound-
ing- some of the police, who were ultimately
swept away by the masses of the populace,
with, whom rested the honors oi the day."
Mutiny of Sailors.
Unrest prevailed in all parts of Germany,
but it was especially prevalent among the
sailors of the grand fleet in Kiel and other
harbors. Mutinous outbreaks of a minor
character had occurred at various times in the
course of the war, but they were easily re-
pressed by the authorities until the fall of
1918. Then serious trouble broke out. The
men, who were said to have been influenced
by agents from the Russian bolsheviki, re-
fused to be controlled any longer, and, driv-
ing their commanders ashore, seized some of
the largest ships. There was but little blood-
shed, the officers evidently recognizing the fu-
tility of opposition. Several thousand sailors
proceeded to Berlin and took part in the rev-
olution there. Others went to Bremen and
Hamburg and organized uprisings in those
ports.
The Storm Breaks in Berlin.
On Nov. 7 the managing committee of the
German socialist party served notice upon
Prince Maximilian, the imperial chancellor,
that Emperor William must abdicate and that
Crown Prince Frederick William must re-
nounce the throne. The committee consid-
ered the entire political situation, and its de-
cisions were embodied in the ultimatum. The
decisions in the socialist ultimatum were:
The right of public assembly.
The military and police must be ordered, to
exercise great reserve.
The immediate transformation of the Prus-
sian government in conformity with the views
of the majority in the reichstag.
Greater socialist influence in the reichstag".
The abdication of Emperor William and the
renunciation of the throne by the crown
The 'imperial chancellor was asked to reply
before noon on the following day accepting
the conditions. Otherwise the socialists de-
clared they would withdraw from the gov-
ernment.
Emperor's Abdication Announced.
The accounts of what occurred on the 8th
are somewhat confused, but the chancellor ap-
pears to have acquiesced in the demands oi
the socialist mnnagine- committee pnd to have
communicated to Emperor William, then at
the military headquarters, the gravity of the
situation and to have received permission to
announce that the kaiser had decided to ab-
dicate. On the 9th lie issued the following
decree:
"The kaiser and king has decided to re-
nounce the throne. The imperial chancellor
will remain in office until the questions con-
nected with the aodication of the kaiser, the
renouncing by the crown prince of the throne
of the German empire and of Prussia, and the
setting UP of a regency have been settled.
For the regency he intends to appoint Deputy
Ebert as imperial chancellor, and he proposes
that a bill should be brought in for the es-
tablishment of a law providing for the imme-
diate promulgation of general suffrage, and
for a constitutional German national assem-
bly which will settle finally the future form of
government of the German nation and of those
peoples which might be desirous of coming
within the empire."
On the same day the state department in
Washington made public the following mes-
sages received by the United States naval ra-
dio from the German station at Nauen. The
department of state did not, however, in any
way vouch for the accuracy of the statements
except as to the fact that they were sent out
from Nauen.
From Nauen, Nov. 9. 1918:
"On the morning of Saturday. Nov. 9. social-
ist party declared that it left the cabinet.
Since then the socialists and independent so-
cialists' committee were holding permanent
joint sitting in reichstag. where soon after-
ward appeared delegations of various regiments
garrisoned in Berlin and neighboring towns in
order to express their allegiance to new popu-
lar government. Building of socialist news-
paper Vorwaerts was occupied by a squad of
300 riflemen in order to protect it against
possible eventualities on side of former regime.
Movement among troops had originated by
speech made by reichstag member Wels in
courtyard of barracks of Alexander regiment,
upon which regiment, together with a large
number of its officers, decided upon sending
mentioned delegation to the reichstag. At
r.oon Socialists Ebert and Scheidemann went
in military automobile, accompanied by troops,
to the chancellor and declared that tthey?]
were decided to take the government in their
hands. In the reichstag further arrived a
delegation sent by 3.000 sailors, who are
marching in direction of Berlin and are ex-
pected during the afternoon. It is reported
that they equally are ready to express alle-
giance to the new popular government."
Ebert Issues Manifesto.
From Nauen. undated. Received Nov. 10.
]918:
"Chancellor Ebert issues following manifesto
to German citizens:
"Citizens: Former Chancellor Prince Max oi
Baden, with the assent of all state secretaries,
has charged me to carry on business of chan-
cellor. I am going to form new government
with parties and shall report within brief
delay about result to public. New govern-
ment will be government of the people. Its,
endeavor must be to bring to people peace as
quickly as possible and to confirm liberty,
which it has gained.
"Citizens, I ask for the assistance of you
all in heavy task which awaits us. You know
how seriously war threatens provisions ol peo-
ple, which is the first condition of political
life. Political revolution ought not to dis-
turb the production of food, nor its trans-
portation into towns, but to foster it.. Scarcity
of food means looting and plundering, with
misery for all. The poorest would suffer in
the most heavy fashion: working-men inin-
dustries would be hit most severely.. Who-
soever takea away food or other objects of
necessity or means of transportation necessary
for their distribution commits heaviest sin
a(*rmzeniV I tir™ yon aU leave streets and
maintain quiet and order. BBBBV.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
665
Appeal to People.
Nauen, Nor. 9, 1918. Received by navy ra-
dio service <j:02 p. m., Nov. 10:
''Chancellor Ebert issues following' proclama-
tion.
"New government lias taken charge of busi-
ness in order to preserve German people from,
civil war and famine and in order to enforce
its just claims of self-determination. This,
task I can accomplish only if all authorities
and all civil officers in towns and landed dis-
tricts lend to it helpful hand.
"I know that it will be hard for many to
co-operate with new men who now have to
lead the business of the empire. But I ap-
peal to their love for our people. If organiza-
tion of publio life stops in this serious hour
then Germany would be prey of anarchy and
most terrible misery. Therefore, lend together
with me your help to our country, by contin-
uing1 work in fearless and unrelenting manner,
everybody in his position, until the hour has
come'wnat relieves us of our duty.
Formation of New Government.
The following news, transmitted on Sunday
Nov. 10, through the wireless stations of the
German government, dealt with the formation
of the new government in Berlin:
"During the course of the forenoon of Satur-
day, Nov. 9. the formation of the new Ger-
man people's government was initiated. The
greater part of the Berlin garrison and of
other troops stationed there temporarily went
over, without further ado. to the new govern-
ment. The leaders of the deputations of the
social democratic party declared that they
would not shoot against the people, but that
they would in accord with the people's govern-
ment intercede in favor of the maintenance of
order. Thereupon, in the offices and other
public buildings, the guards stationed there
were withdrawn. The business of the im-
perial chancellor is being carried on by the
social democratic deputy. Herr Ebert. It Is
presumed that apart from the representatives
of the recent majority group, three independ-
ent social democrats will also enter the future
government.
"In an extra edition of Vorwaerts, the cen-
tral organ of the social democratic party of
Germany, the following call to a general
strike is published: 'The workmen's and sol-
diers' coi1.ncil of Berlin has decided upon a
general strike. All factories are at a stand-
still. The necessary administration of the
people is maintained. A large part of the
garrison, in close [geschlossenen] bodies of
troops with machine guns and guns, has placed
itself at the disposal of the workmen's and
soldiers' council. The movement will be
guided in common by the social democratic
party of Germany and the independent social
democratic party of Germany. The work-
men's and soldiers' council will 'take charge of
the maintenance of auiet and order. Lon?
live the social republic. The workmen's
and soldiers' council.' "
From Frankfort the following telegram was
sent to a Dutch news "agency :
"The formation of the Ebert-Scheidemann-
Landsberg government was accomplished with
all order and tranquillity. After the kaiser a
abdication Herr Scheidemann delivered a
speech in front of the reichstag announcing
the establishment of a republic. The Hohen-
zollerns, he said, were removed, and a repub-
lic set up. A deputy of the soldiers' council
would be attached to the general command in
the field. All military decrees must be signed
by Herr Ebert. A social democrat deputy
wpuld be associated with Gen. Scheuch. the
minister of war. Herr Liebknecht addressed
the crowd on the international from the same
room in the royal palace where, at the be-
ginning of the war, the kaiser spoke to the
people. The Berlin g-arrison joined the revolu-
tionaries without resistance, many throwing
their rifles and machine guns into the Spree.
The Wilhelmshaven sailors sent greetings to
Berlin by airship. Among the prisoners wtio
have been released is Rosa Luxembourg. At
the Moabit prison. Berlin, all political pris-
oners were released."
Coalition Ministry Formed.
The following dispatch from Berlin was
made public in Stockholm Nov. 13:
"An agreement which has been arrived at
between the two socialist parties ,in Germany
has now led to the formation of a coalition
ministry, composed of three members ol each
party — namely, Herren Barth, Dittmann, Ebert,
Haase, Landsberg and Scheidemaun, ail of
equal rank, as is indicated by the giving of
their names in alphabetical order. It was
agreed that the cabinet should consist ex-
clusively of social democrats, but that mem-
bers of other parties might take part in it as
technical advisers. They would not have cabi-
net rank or authority, and each would be as-
sisted by a member from each of the socialist
parties as undersecretaries.
"The members of the cabinet will form the
executive, and the legislative power will belong
to the soldiers' and workmen's council until a
constituent assembly can be summoned. The
election of this assembly will be held when the
political situation permits.
"A first meeting of the soldiers' and work-
men s council took place in Berlin yesterday
afternoon at Circus Busch, at which Herr
Ebert announced the fusion of the two socialist
parties and the formation of the cabinet. The
council has sanctioned the issue of a proc-
lamation to the people stating that the first
act of the provisional government has been to
accept the conditions of the armistice in order
to put an end to bloodshed. Their next would
be .to negptiate peace and undertake the coun-
try s political and economical reorganization.
''The Vorwaerts, which has now become the
chief government organ, referring to- this first
duty of the provisional government, says:
The conditions of the armistice are very
hard, but after the collapse of the former
regime the popular government had no other
alternative but to accept them. The condi-
tions will be honorably carried out. But an
armistice is not peace It will now be 'the
government's chief endeavor to obtain that
peace which will count on the sympathetic
help of all friends of peace and liberty
throughout the world in the terrible task of
ending the war and creating order out of
chaos.' "
Takes Over News Bureau.
The Berlin soldiers' and workmen's council
was permanently assembled in the 'reichstagr
building1 while the office of the Vorwaerts was
made the general meeting place for the po-
litical leaders. Wolff's bureau, which wac
taken over by them, became an official organ,
as did the Vorwaerts, while the Lokal Anzeiger,
which formerly represented conservative, bank-
ing and industrial interests, was taken over by
the Spartacus group, and appeared as Die Rote
Fahne (the Red Flag). The former semi-
official newspaper, the North German Gazette,
became the organ of the independent socialists
under the name of the Internationale, with
Herr Hans Block. fr>rm»rly of the Leipsiger
Volkszeitungr, as chief editor.
Not Entirely Bloodless.
The revolution was not entirely bloodless.
Some of the officers in Berlin resisted and
there was machine gun and rifle firing, result-
ing1 in perhaps a score of casualties. The
German government referred to this in a dis-
patch sent out on Nov. 11, which read:
"The excitement which was caused in Ber-
lin yesterday by the isolated cases of re-
sistance on the part of officers who remained
faithful to the kaiser was soon suppressed.
The night from Sunday to Monday passed
quietly. The executive committee of the
elected representatives of all the troops of
Greater Berlin put itself at the disposal of the
socialist government for the maintenance of
public safety and order. The population ia
willingly obeying the orders which have been
issued. Isolated cases of pillnglng wore unre-
lentingly punished and are not becoming gen-
656
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
eral. Almost all the shops and ouDUc places
are open as usual.
"In accordance with a decision of the work-
men's and soldiers' council, work will be re-
sumed in all factories on Tuesday. The pro-
vision and printing trades resumed work early
to-day."
Imperial Is Dropped.
Dr. Solf. the foreign minister under the old
regime, who acted as such for some days after
the revolution, on Nov. 12 sent the following
circular dispatch to all officials of Germany
abroad:
"I request officials abroad to carry on busi-
ness as hitherto, but to sign -their communica-
tions and letters with the style of 'German
legation.' 'German consulate,' etc., etc.. instead
of with the style of 'imperial official.' 'official
of the German empire.' as hitherto."
Ebert-Haase Cabinet.
It was announced on Nov. 14 that the fol-
lowing cabinet had been installed:
Premier and minister of the interior and
military affairs — Friedrich Ebert.
Foreign affairs — Hugo Haase.
Finance and colonies — Philipp Scheidemann.
Demobilization, transport, justice and health.
— Wilhelm Dittmann.
Publicity, art and literature — Herr Lands-
berg'.
Social policy— Richard Earth.
One of the first acts of the cabinet was
to confiscate all the property of the Prussian
crown.
Sketch of Friedrich Ebert.
Friedrich Ebert, the temporary head of the
German state, was vice-president of the Ger-
man social democrats and president of the
main committee of the reichstag. Born at
Heidelberg in 1871. the son of a tailor, he
became a harnessmaker. Later he was editor
of a socialist newspaper, and he has been
prominent in the party councils for many
years. He became a socialist member of the
Bremen city council in 1900. In 1912 he was
sent to the reichstag from Bremen. In 1913
he was elected leader of the party to succeed
August Bebel. who died.
During the greater part of the war Ebert
joined Scheidemann and other socialists who
supported the war. against the small and
persecuted faction headed by Liebknecht. who
opposed it. with the result that Ebert has
been looked upon by radical socialists all pve.r
the world as a renegade from socialist princi-
ples and an instrument of German autocracy.
In 1917. however. Ebert attacked the Ger-
man government for its annexation plans and
sought to force the German and Austrian gov-
ernments to abandon their programs for an-
nexation under the guise of protectorates of
Poland. Lithuanaia and the Baltic provinces.
Revolution in Other States.
Prussia was not the only one of the Ger-
man states to depose its royal family. In Ba-
varia a council of soldiers and workmen was
formed, which decreed on Nov. 8 that the
Wittelsbach dynasty should be deposed and
Ludwig III., be ousted from the throne. This
was promptly done and the council issued a
proclamation to the effect that a republic had
been formed in Bavaria, and that the "demo-
cratic and socialist republic of Bavaria has
the strength to realize a peace for Germany
preserving that country from the worst."
The proclamation, after promising a constit-
uent assembly to be elected by *11 adult men
and women, said that Bavaria would make
Germany ready for a league of nations. It
then continued:
"The present revolution is needed to com-
plete self-government of the people before ene-
my armies stream across our borders or be-
fore troops should, after the armistice, bring
about chaos.
"The council will insure strict order. Sol-
diers in barracks will govern themselves by
means of soldiers' councils. Officers acauiesc-
ing in the altered situation will not be hin-
dered in their duties. We reckon on the
co-operation of the entire population. All offi-
cials will remain at their posts. Fundamental
social and political reforms will immediately
commence."
Kurt Eisner was made premier of Bavaria.
Similar revolutions took place in Saxony
and all of the minor states of the former
empire.
Crown Prince Interned in Holland.
On Nov. 14 the state department was offi-
cially informed that the former German
crown prince had arrived in Holland, and had
been interned there. This put at rest rumors
that Frederick William had been assassinated.
On Dec. 4 the Wolff bureau announced that
he had formally renounced his right to the
German throne by signing the following docu-
ment :
"I renounce formally and definitely all rights
to the crown of Prussia and the imperial
crown which would have fallen to me by the
renunciation of the emperor-king or for other
reasons.
"Given by my authority and signed by my
hand. Done at Wieringen,
Bolshevist Propaganda.
The new socialist government in Berlin met
with many difficulties, for which the Russian
bolshevist propaganda was chiefly blamed.
Attempts were made in many places to set
UP governments on the Russian model, but up
to the middle of December. I91b. these had
not succeeded. The so called Spartaeus group
in Berlin under the leadership of Karl Lieb-
knecht. an independent socialist, gave a great
deal of trouble. It was supported by all the
disorderly elements and it counted upon the
support of the returning soldiers As a rule.
however, the soldiers declared themselves in
ff.vor of the Ebert government and a constit-
uent assembly.
PRESIDENT OF PORTUGAL ASSASSINATED.
Dr. Sidonio Paes, president of Portugal, was
shot and killed by an assassin just before
midnight on Saturday, Dec. 14, 1918. wh'le
he was in a railway station in Lisbon, wait-
ing for a train to Oporto. He was struck by
three bullets. His slayer, a man named
Jeetne. was killed by an infuriated mob in
.
the station.
The police authorities suspected
that the
crime was planned by the League of Repub-
lican Youths.
Dr. Paes was formally proclaimed president
of Portugal on June 9. He headed a revolt
in Portugal in December. 1917. and was named
S resident of the provisional government on
ec. 9. a few days more than a year before
he was assassinated.
Dr Paes was a professor of mathematics in
the University of Coimbra when he entered
the Portuguese cabinet in 1911 as minister
of public works. At the outbreak of the war
he was Portuguese minister to Germany and
remained in Berlin until the early part of
1916. when he returned to Lisbon.
While provisional president Paes declared
that Portugal would continue in agreement
with the allies against Germany. One of his
first acts after being proclaimed president was
to take active steps for greater participation
in the war by Portugal.
On Dec. 6. while walking in the streets of
Lir,hon. he was fired at. but the shot, went
wild. His assailant was arrested. .
Admiral Canto y Castro was elected president
of Portugal in succession to Dr. Sidonio Paes.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
657
OCCUPATION OF GERMAN TERRITORY.
Under the terms of the armistice a consider-
able part of Germany on the west bank of the
Rhine and also certain important bridgeheads
on the east bank were to be occupied by al-
lied troops as soon as the German armies could
withdraw into the interior and demobilize.
Certain portions of the territory were to be
placed in charge of armies selected for that
purpose from the Belgian. British, American
and French forces. The troops were dis-
tributed in that order from north to south, the
Belgians going in the direction of Aix-la-Cha-
pelle, the British towards Cologne, the Ameri-
cans toward Luxemburg and Coblenz and the
French toward Alsace-Lorraine and the adjoin-
ing regions.
AMERICAN ARMY OF OCCUPATION.
The American army of occupation (3d army)
was placed in command of Maj.-Gen. Joseph T.
Dickman. It was composed of five regular
army, three national guard and two national
army divisions as follows:
First division, Brigr.-Gen. Frank Parker com-
manding.
1st Brigade
16th and 18th infantry, 2d ma-
chine gun battalion.
2d Brigade— 26th and 28th infantry. 3d ma-
chine gun battalion.
1st Brigade — 5th, 6th and 7th artillery, 1st
trench mortar battery.
1st regiment of engineers, 2d field signal
battalion. 1st supply train, 1st sanitary train.
1st ammunition train, 1st engineer train, head-
quarters troop, 1st machine gun battalion.
Second division. Brig.-Gen. J. A. Lejeune
commanding.
3d Brigade — 9th and 23d infantry, 5th ma-
chine gun battalion.
4th Brigade — 5th and 6th regiment marine
corps, 6th machine gun battalion.
2d Brigade— 12th. 15th and 17th artillery.
2d trench mortar battalion.
2d regiment of engineers, 2d supply train.
2d ammunition train, headquarters troop, 4th
machine gun battalion.
Third division, Brig.-Gen. Preston Brown com-
manding1.
5th Brigade — 4th and 7th infantry, 8th ma-
chine gun battalion.
6th Brigade of Infantry— 30th and 38th in-
fantry. 9th machine gun battalion.
3d Brigade— 10th, 18th and 76th artillery,
3d trench mortar battery.
6th regiment engineers, 5th field signal bat-
talion, 3d supply train, 3d sanitary train. 3d
ammunition train. 6th engineer train, head-
quarters troop. 7th machine gun battalion.
Fourth division, Maj.-Gen. M. L. Hersey
commanding.
7th Brigade — 39th and 47th infantry, llth
machine gun battalion.
8th Brigade— 58th and 59th infantry, 12th
machine gun battalion.
4th Brigade — 13th, 16th and 77th artillery.
4th trench mortar battery.
4th regiment engineers, 8th field signal bat-
talion, 4th supply train, 4th ammunition train,
4th engineer train, headquarters troop, 10th
machine gun battalion.
Fifth division, Maj.-Gen. Hanson E. Ely com-
manding.
9th Brigade— 60th and 61st infantry. 14th
machine gun battalion.
10th Brigade— 6th and llth infantry,- 15th
machine gun battalion.
6th Brigade— 19th, 20th and 21st artillery.
5th trench mortar battery.
7th regiment engineers, 9th field signal bat-
talion, 5th supply train, 5th sanitary train, 6th
ammunition train, 7th engineer train, head-
quarters troop.
51st Brigade, Brig.-Gen. George H. Shelton —
101st and 10;2d infantry. 102d machine gun
battalion.
52d Brigade. Brig.-Gen. Charles H. Cole —
103d and 104th infantry, 103d machine gun
battalion.
51st Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Beverley F. Browne
—101st, 102d and 103d artillery, 101st trench
mortar battery, 101st engineers, 101st field
signal battery, 101st supply train, 101st am-
munition train, 101st engineer train, head-
quarters troop— 101st machine gun battery.
Thirty-second division, Michigan-Wisconsin
national guard, Maj.-Gen. William G. Haan
commanding.
63d Brigade— 125th and 126th infantry.
120th machine gun battalion.
64th Brigade. Brig.-Gen. Edwin B. Winans1—
127th and 128th infantry, 121st machine gun
battalion.
67th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. George L. Irwin—
119th and 120th artillery. 107th trench mor-
tar battery, 107th engineers, 107th field signal
battalion, 107th supply train, 107th sanitary
train, 107th ammunition train, 107th engineer
train, headquarters troop, 119th machine gun
battalion.
Forty -second division (rainbow), Maj.-Gen.
C. D. Rhodes commanding.
83d Brigade. Brig.-Gen. M. J. Lenihan— 165th
and 166th infantry, 150th machine gun bat-
talion.
84th Brigade. Brig.-Gen. Douglas McArthur —
167th and 168th infantry, 151st machine gun
battalion.
67th Brigade. Brig.-Gen. George G. Gatley —
149th, 150th and 151st artillery, 117th trench
mortar battalion, 117th engineers, 117th sup-
ply train. 117th sanitary train, 117th ammuni-
tion train, headquarters troop, 149th machine
gun battalion.
Eighty-ninth division, (national army — Kan-
sas. Missouri, South Dakota. Nebraska, Colo-
rado, New Mexico and Arizona), Maj.-Gen.
Frank L. Wenn commanding.
177th Brigade — 353d and 354th infantry.
341st machine gun battalion.
178th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Thomas G. Han-
som— 355th and 356th infantry, 342d machine
gun battalion.
164th Brigade. Brig.-Gen. Edward T. Don-
nelly—340th. 341st and 342d artillery. 314th
trench mortar battery, 314th engineers. 314th
field signal battalion, 314th supply train, 314th
sanitary train, 314th ammunition train. 314th
engineer train, headquarters troop, 340th ma-
chine gun battalion.
Ninetieth division (national army — Texas and
Oklahoma), Maj.-Gen. Henry T. Allen com-
manding.
179th Brigade. Brig.-Gen. Joseph P. O'Neil—
357th and 358th infantry, 344th machine gun
battalion.
180th Brigade. Col. W. A. Cavenaugh— 359th
and 360th infantry, 345th machine gun bat-
talion.
165th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Francis C. Mar-
shall—343d. 344th and 345th artillery. 315th
trench mortar battery. 315th engineers, 315th
field signal battalion: 315th supply train.
315th sanitary train, 315th ammunition train.
315th engineer train, headquarters troop, 343d.
machine gun battalion.
LUXEMBURG LIBERATED.
In its march toward the German frontier
the 3d American army controlled every city,
village and road in the duchy of Luxemburg:
by the night of Nov. 21. On that day Gen.
John J. Pershing, with the grand duchess of
Luxemburg at his side, watched a regiment
of the army enter her capital. Twenty-four
hours earlier the grand duchess had seen tte
long columns of gray clad German soldiers
[uanei-B uvwy. long columns 01 gray ciaa werman soiuiers
Twenty-sixth division. New England national start from the capital on their way to Ger-
gnard. Brig.-Gen. Frank E. Bamford command- many after having occupied her duchy for
ing. more than four years. Shortly after the entry
658
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
of the American troops Gen. Pershing issued
a proclamation explaining that the American
troops had come as friends and to aid in the
liberation of the duchy from the armies of
the German invaders. The 18th infantry was
the only American unit to pass through the
city, the other organizations purposely having-
skirted the city on either side on their way
to the Rhine. The Americans were received by
the Luxemburgers with the greatest enthusi-
asm. The grand duchess thanked Gen. Per-
shing' for the coming of the allied forces.
By Nov. 23 the 3d army from its points of
junction with the French in Luxemburg could
look directly into Germany. The German
troops were found to be evacuating their ter-
ritory more slowly than had been expected.
AMERICAN TROOPS ENTER GERMANY.
American troops of the signal corps and am-
bulance details of .the 3d army crossed into
Rhenish Prussia N6v. 24. The front lines of
the army rested along: the Luxemburg-German
border, on the Sauer river, and thence along
the Moselle river to the region east of Remich.
The general line of the German withdrawal
was along1 the Perl-Saarburg- road. The Ameri-
can army entered the city of '-Troves on the
morning of Dec. 1. crossing the Prussian fron-
tier at the Moselle river behind the German
rearguards. The advance of the United Stat:s
troops into German territory was compara-
tively slow because of the limited number of
bridges across the Sauer and Moselle rivers.
The various divisions marched with full equip-
ment of steel helmet, eras mask, rifles loaded
and belt filled with cartridges. The heavy ar-
tillery also rumbled along the German roads,
while the ammunition wagons kept pace. The
American line on Dec. 1 ran through Winter-
scheid, Habscheid, Lichtenborn. Oberweis, Irrel
Kordel, Treves. Saarburg and Serrig1. The
crowds that met the Americans as they en-
tered Treves were sullen. The civilians were
well dressed and many German soldiers wore
splendid . uniforms. They made no show of
violence, but many glared at Col. Henry J.
Hunt, U. S. A., and his etaff as they ap-
peared at the head of the 6th infantry, oi the
6th division. The feeling: of hostility to the
Americans across the border had been noted
on Nov. 30. So marked was it that the
soldiers' and workmen's councils urged the
populations of the various towns to remain
calm, while Field Marshal von Hindenburg:
himself called on the residents of German ter-
ritory to abstain from all hostile action.
On Dec. 6 Gen. Pershing reported: "The 3d
American army, advancing- along the entire
army front, to-day reached the general line
Udelhoven - Dooweller - Laubach - Driesch-To-
danroth-Worresbach."
CROSSING OF THE RHINE.
As the American troops advanced and the
German forces retired the authorities in the
larger places between them had some trouble
with unruly elements and feared more on ac-
count of the bolshevik agitation. They or-
ganized home guards, but in some cases these
were too few to cope with any serious situa-
tion that might arise. This was the case in
Coblenz, the objective of the American army,
and at the request of the mayor the city was
occupied sooner than had been planned, by a
battalion of American soldiers who were
brought there by a special train on Dec. 8.
By the 10th advanced elements of the 3d army
had reached the Rhine at various points and
on the following day had fully occupied the
left bank of the river from above Coblenz
north to where the Canadian and other British
troops were holding the line. The Americana
crossed the Rhine on the 10th and entered the
fortress of Ehrenbreitstein opposite Coblenz at
the request of the German authorities. Later
they crossed in force and began the occupa-
tion of the bridgehead along the eighteen mil^
arc designated in the armistice terms. The
1st and 3d divisions were designated to oc-
cupy the advance positions and the 32d, 90th
and 42d divisions the support positions. On
the east bank of the Rhine the Americans took
up a line about sixty miles in length. It
described an arc of a circle, having1 Coblenz as
a center, with a radius eighteen and sixteen
miles in length and overlapping the British and
French lines in places. It was announced th. t
Gen. Pershing- would spend part of his time in
Treves and that military headquarters would
be established there, with Brig.-Gen. P estrn
Brown. U. S. A., as military governor of the
occupied territory, while the civil affairs would
be administered by Brigr.-Gen. Harry A. Smith.
U. S. A.
ADVANCE OF THE BRITISH.
On Nov. 21 British cavalry were riding-
again in triumph across the famous old
blood-stained battle field of Waterloo. The 2d
and 3d British armies resumed their march
toward the German frontier, according to pro-
gram, one detachment pushing toward the
Meuse south of Namur. while on the left the
British force reached the general line of
Gembloux-Wavre. General Plumer, in com-
mand of a large British force, crossed the Ger-
man frontier on Dec. 1 between Behon and
Eupen and advanced toward the Rhine. By
evening his advance had reached the general
line of Hurg, Reuland, Bullingen and Montioit.
The conditions prescribed as to the deliverance
of important enemy material were found to
have been complied with. The British General
Rawlinson issued an order to the 4th army
ordering it t9 participate in the occupation of
the Rhine districts, adding: "I ask you men
from all parts of the empire to show the
world that British soldiers, unlike those of
Germany, do not wage war against women
and children." On Dec. 1 British cavalry
patrols reached the German frontier beyond
Spa and the British advance reached the Gor-
man frontier along- the whole of tb«» front
from just north of the duchy of Luxemburg 10
the neighborhood of Eupen, ten miles from
Aix-la-Chapelle.
Field Marshal Haig- on Dec. 3 Issued strict
orders to British troops that there was to be
no fraternization with inhabitants of Germany,
although intercourse with the enemy was to
be marked by courtesy and restraint. British
troops entered Germany and reached the town
of Malmedy.
The first elements of British infantry en-
tered Cologne on the afternoon of Dec. 8 to
re-enforce the cavalry which arrived Dec. 6.
Preceded by a crowd of civilians, the infantry
marched past the towering cathedral, headed
by British mounted military and Cologne po-
licemen, while crowds ran from all directions
across the square.
Three platoons marched on the double quick
to the Rhine itself, halting beneath the im-
posing towers of the Hohenzollern bridge. The
German sentries, who guarded one-third of tfie
eastern part of the bridge, departed Dec. 7
with other rear guards. The occupation of the
bridgehead on the east bank of the Rhine was
completed as soon as the territory was cleared
of German soldiers.
PROGRESS OF THE FRENCH.
Marshal Foch, commander in chief of the al-
lies' forces, arrived at Luxemburg on Nov. 25
with his staff and established his headquarters
there. The 10th French army, on its way to
the Rhine and Mayence. crossed the German
frontier on Dec. 3. occupying- the valley of the
Sarre. The advance of the French forces into
Germany had been without incident up to that
date.
The entry of the French troops into Strass-
burg, Metz and other places in Alsace-Lorraine
was attended by imposing demonstrations, the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
650
inhabitants manifesting' sincere pleasure at the
restoration of their cities and provinces to
France. Contingents of American troops took
part in the formal entry of these places as
well as the occupation of some of the larger
towns held by the British. In Metz, for in-
stance, troops which formerly belonged to the
old 1st regiment of Chicago had the place of
honor at the head, of the parade.
BELGIANS IN DUSSELDOEF.
Two Belgian cavalry detachments. 300 men
strong, entered Dusseldorf, on the left bank of
the Bhine, twenty-one miles northwest of Co-
logne, Dec. 8. All intercourse with the other
bank of the river was forbidden. Infantry fol-
lowed later and the occupation of the remain-
ing territory assigned to the Belgians pro-
ceeded.
ABDICATION OF EMPEROR CHARLES I.
Charles I., emperor of Austria and king of
Hungary, issued the following- proclamation
on Nov. 11, 1918:
"Since my accession I have incessantly tried
to rescue my peoples from this tremendous
war. I have not delayed th.e re-establishment
of constitutional rights or the opening of a
way for the people to substantiate national
development.
"Filled with an unalterable love for my peo-
ples, I will not with my person be a hindrance
to their free development. I acknowledge the
decision taken by German Austria to form a
separate state.
"The people has by its deputies taken charge
of the government. I relinquish every partici-
pation in the administration of the state. Like-
wise I have released the members of the
Austrian government from their offices.
"May the German-Austrian people realize
harmony from the new adjustment. The hap-
piness of my peoples was my aim from the
beginning1. My warmest wishes are that an
internal peace will be able to heal the wounds
of this war. CHARLES.
(Countersigned.) "LUMMAfSCH."
Emperor Charles and his family retired to
Eckartsau. a small place on the Danube river
fifteen miles east of Vienna.
Before abdicating the emperor, who was
personally popular with most of the people,
tried to preserve the empire from crumbling
by proposing the federalization of the various
countries composing it. but they objected to
the plan. Neither the Hungarians, the Czecho-
slovaks nor the Poles would consent to be
bound in any way to Germany or German
Austria. The federalization plan was pro-
posed by the emperor Oct. 18. when he issued
the following manifesto:
"To my faithful Austrian peoples:
"Since I have ascended the throne I have
tried to make it my duty to assure to all my
peoples the peace so ardently desired and to
point the way to the Austrian peoples of a
prosperous development, unhampered by ob-
stacles which brutal forces create ; jainst in-
tellectual and economic prosperity.
"The terrible struggles in the world war
have thus far made the work of peace im-
possible. The heavy sacrifices of the war
should assure to us an honorable peace, on
the threshold of which, by the help of God.
we are to-day.
"We must, therefore, undertake without de-
lay the reorganization of pur country on a
natural and. therefore, solid basis. Such a
question demands that the desires of the Aus-
trian peoples be harmonized and realized.
"I am decided to accomplish this work with
the free collaboration of my peoples in the
spirit and principles which our allied monarchs
have adopted in their offer of peace.
"Austria »ust become, in conformity with
the will of its people, a confederate state, in
which each Rationality shall form on the
territory which ft o«cuj>ies its own local au-
tonomy.
"This does not mean that we are already
envisaging the union of the territories of
Austria with an independent Polish state.
"The city of Trieste with all its surround-
ings shall, in conformity with the desire ot
its population, be treated separately."
CONDEMNED SOLDIER PARDONED BY PRESIDENT.
Before a general court-martial which con-
vened in France Dec. 29, 1917, pursuant to
special orders No. 162, headquarters 1st divi-
sion, American expeditionary forces, France,
Dec. 15, 1917. and of which Col. W. F.
Creary, infantry, was president, and First
Lieutenant Paul C. Green, 16th infantry, judge
advocate, was arraigned and tried —
Private Jeff Cook. Company G, 16th infantry.
Charge — "Violation of the 86th article of
war."
Specification— "In that Private Jeff Cook
company G, 16th infantry, being on guard
and posted as a sentinel in time of war, in
the face of the enemy, at France, on or about
the 5th day of November. 1917, was found
sleeping on his post."
To which charge and specification the ac-
cused pleaded "Not guilty."
Findings — Of the specification and charge,
"Guilty."
Sentence— "To be shot to death with mus-
ketry."
The sentence having been approved by the
convening authority and the record of trial
forwarded for the action of the president,
under the 48th article of war, the following
are his orders thereon:
"In the foregoing case of Private Jeff Cook,
company G, 16th infantry, sentence is con-
firmed.
"In view of the youth of Private Cook and
the fact that his offense seems to have been
•wholly free from disloyalty or conscious dis-
regard of his duty, I hereby grant him a full
and unconditional pardon, pnd direct that he
report to his company for further military
duty.
"The needs of discipline in the army with
propriety impose grave penalties upon those
who imperil the safety of their fellows and
endanger their country's cause by lack of
vigilance or by infractions of rules in which
safety has been found to rest. I am per-
suaded, however, that this youngr man will
take the restored opportunity of his forfeited
life as a challenge to devoted service for the
future, and that the soldiers of the army of
the United States in France will realize too
keenly the high character of the cause for
which they are fighting and the confidence
which their country reposes in them to permit
the possibility of further danger from any
similar shortcoming. WOODROW WILSON.
"The White House, May 4. 1918."
EMMA GOLDMAN SENTENCE CONFIRMED.
Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman
were convicted in New York. N. Y.. in 1917
on the charge of conspiring to prevent the
operation of the selective draft by urging men
of the proper age not to register. They were
sentenced to serve two years in prison and pay
a fine of 810,000 each. Alleging that the
draft act was unconstitutional, they appealed
to the United States Supreme court, which, on
Jan.* 14, 1918, sustained the finding of the
lower court.
Louis Kramer and Morris Becker, who were
convicted on the same charge as Goldman and
Berkman and who also nppealed to the Su-
preme court, had their sentences confirmed by
the tribunal.
660
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
BRITAIN'S PART IN THE WAR.
One of the best presentations of the part
Great Britain played in the world war was that
contained in a speech made by Lieut.-Col. G.
G. Woodwark of the British army at the con-
vention of the American Bankers' association
in Chicago Sept. 25. 1918. The war was still
in progress, but was nearing the end. though
neither the speaker nor his auditors was
conscious of it. The address, which was re-
ceived with marked attention and satisfaction
by the leading bankers of the United States,
treated of the following topics:
1. The raising and training of the British
armies for service.
2. With the British armies in France.
3. The British naval and military contribu-
tion to the war.
4. Industrial reorganization of Britain for
the war.
5. The war organization of Britain for do-
mestic economy.
6. British financial organization for the war.
Col. Woodwark spoke as follows:
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Th©
great honor you have done me by inviting me
here is one which I accept with affectionate
gratitude — for my country. It is of Britain's
part in the war that I have been asked to
speak — and I feel very much at home in the
familiar atmosphere of this brother-democracy,
to-day so closely allied with our own great
"commonwealth of nations." as Gen. Smuts of
the British war cabinet has so finely termed
the British empire. And in the democratic
sense of these history making days I much
prefer that name for the British territories,
widespread across the world: a commonwealth
of nations! For thus constituted it is. in
truth— and as a citizen and soldier of it I
feel myself very much at home speaking here,
as it were, in the house of a member of
the family.
So. if I dwell upon the part taken in the war
by my particular branch of the English speak-
ing: family you will bear with me: it is of
Britain's part in the war that I have been
asked to address you — of the raising1 and train-
ing1 of her armies: of their battling in the
fields of France, in which I have been proud
to take a part: of Britain's naval and mili-
tary contributions to the war, and that of her
great dominions and dependencies: of the thor-
ough and far reaching: reorganization of the
British industrial machinery during the war: of
her system of domestic economy reconstituted
to meet the strain of war: and finally, though
with diffidence and as a layman in the pres-
ence of professionals, of Britain's war finance,
from its more popular and public aspects.
I will begin, then, with the upbuilding of
the British fighting machine — the first and
most urgent of the tasks we had to face, and
ono to which all of you will listen with sym-
pathetic understanding, yourselves having so
recently carried through a similar job with
such consummate efficiency, and of which you
are now witnessing results that will go down
in history to the glory of your nation and, if
I may say so, to the glory of our whole fam-
ily of nations. For we ask you to let us
share in the happiness of your triumphs, as
we feel that you nave shared in ours, and as
we know full well that you suffered with
us and succored us in the darker days now
safely passed.
1. The Raising and Training of the British
Armies for Service.
Up to 1914 England, like America, was a pa-
cific nation, with no standing army, and
(also like America) with a navy not more
than adequate for the insurance of her over-
seas interests. Hence the same problem faced
Britain and America when each stepped into
the arena: the problem of organizing a great
army — infantry, artillery, cavalry, air forces,
engineers, medical corps, army service corps —
an army to be made fit to meet and beat the
highly trained professional conscript armies
of the enemy.
The first two years of Britain's army build-
ing was upon a voluntary basis — and it should
never be forgotten as a proof of national—-
or should I not say international? — loyalty
and morale unequaled in history that on this
basis we recruited upward of 5,000,000 volun-
teers, expanding our army from its prewar
strength of 300,000 "regulars" to that huge
figure. That is not to say that it might
not have been more scientifically efficient to
apply conscription at the outset, as America
has done, and as England ultimately found it
necessary to do. in order to apportion more
nicely her available man power to the multi-
farious tasks of war — military, quasi-military
and civilian. In fact, it was ultimately de-
cided that, fine and generous as was the re-
sponse of the volunteer spirit, it did not
permit of a properly controlled adjustment of
the man to the job" such as can be more
readily effected by the method of the selective
draft.
The first steps taken in the raising1 of volun-
teer troops on the outbreak of war I can de-
scribe to you from my own experience — more
or less typical of the general methods and re-
sults operative throughout the united kingdom.
On Aug. 4, 1914, the territorial forces of
Great Britain received mobilization orders to
report to their depots. Being a Norfolk man,
and for over twenty years associated with the
volunteer or territorial organization of the
country, I at once proceeded to the East Dere-
ham depot, and thence we were sent to Col-
chester, the concentration center for training
purposes.
After a month or two there I was ordered
to return to my county to recruit men from
Norfolk for the first line units. I realized
that to get quick and sizable results a
dramatic method was needed, and I consequent-
ly adopted some good American "hustle."
Touring the county with a regimental band
and about twenty automobiles, I drew up a
carefully planned tour of towns and villages,
was 'TJress-agented" well in advance and timed
to speak at each place as per schedule. I took
an examining doctor with me en route, and
the volunteers were passed immediately after
the meetings and hustled direct to the depot.
There was no time for cooling of heels: and
I found no signs of "cold feet." In this way
I recruited 5,000 men in about five weeks.
These men were then passed either into the
territorials or into Kitchener's army, according
to their choice. In the former they could se-
lect their regiment; in the latter they went
where the military authorities sent them.
I then took 1.000 of these men and formed
and organized a battalion of 2d line sup-
ports, to feed the first line abroad. Later I
organized another battalion of the 2d line, and
was given command June 21. 1915. This
battalion was turned into a draft finding unit
for supplying trained men for the fighting
fronts.
Many were the difficulties and obstacles dur-
ing these early months of training — lack Of
equipment, boots, rifles, uniforms. But with
keenness and good will on all sides the job
went through and in due course order came
out of chaos and the wheels of the army
making machine ran more smoothly. With
these first batches of volunteers came the
cream of England's sons — rushing to her de-
fense, and. after training, sent out rapidly to
the front to replace the casualties of the ex-
peditionary force: themselves in turn to find
a bed in French or Belgian soil. There, was
no time to apply a selective process with a
view of getting each man to the work he could
do best : every one who could carry a rifle and
use it soon found his place in the fighting
line. This resulted in fearful wastage of
material — but it was unavoidable at that
critical juncture. Such was my experience of
volunteer recruiting during the early months
of the war and until I myself went to the
front.
The second phase of recruiting1 by con-
scription, became essential through the de-
ALMAKAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1919.
661
maud of the war industries for many of the
highly trained men — mechanics, designers, ship-
builders, miners — who had rushed to the front
with the first armies, but whose civilian serv-
ices, as soon became apparent, were vital to
the work of supplying the fighting' forces with
euns. munitions, transportation and so forth.
As soon as it became evident that conscrip-
tion was essential to victory and they under-
stood the true reasons for its necessity, all
classes of the nation met the conditions with
hearty good will.
Thus, in the very midst of the clash and
din of war. with the enemy at her very doors,
Britain, with the stalwart aid of her splendid
sister commonwealths of tike empire, builded
a fighting1 machine which is now manned by
no less than 8.500.000 souls — of which total
Great Britain herself has contributed 6.250.-
000: the dominions 1.000.000: India and the
dependencies 1.500.0CO. To-day one out of
every three males of all ages in the British
isles is fighting. As M. Clemenceau. the pre-
mier of France, has so finely borne witness :
"England did not want war. * * * But now
behold her in the midst of conflict. Slowly,
but with a stubborn determination that noth-
ing avails to diminish or to daunt, she has
transformed herself into a military power.".
Stupendous as has been our task, in Britain
and in the dominions, even more gigantic in
some ways at least, was the problem America
had to meet. For, as we are told by your
military men. your machine was yet in process
of reconstruction, was not yet completed ere
it was called upon to cope with the raw ma-
terial— the splendid stock of human material
which was ready and waiting to be put
through it. True that you profited by avoid-
ing our mistakes, but is not the ability to
learn in the school of experience the finest
test of high intelligence and efficiency? All
tenor to those who served America night and
day in the pressing, urgent task of supplying
to us. your hard-pressed and war-weary allies,
and so absolutely in the nick of time, the
finished product of your mighty w.ar machine
—that magnificent product which is now em-
ployed in writing upon the pages of this coun-
try's history so glorious a record of human
attainment — and of sacrifice 1
g. With, the British Armies in France.
And now to speak of our armies in action.
Surveying the war to-day from its beginning,
I will deal with it in three periods— first, from
its opening to the end of the first battle of
the Marne : second, the defensive-offensive cam-
paigns, with the battles of the Somme and
of Verdun, up to the close of 1917: and final-
ly from the German offensive of last spring
to the present date.
As is well known, on the Part of the British
empire there was never a moment s hesitancy,
once Germany had doffed her mask, as to our
proud duty to stand loyally by our glorious
friend and neighbor, your and our peloved
ally, France, and its intrepid little neighbor.
with the .heart of a lion, Belgium. Utterly
unprepared as we were, Britain could not
hesitate — and it is with a pride, for which I
would still claim the proper humility of all
servants of humanity, that I call upon the
g-enerous witness of both of those countries as
to the effectiveness of our prompt co-opera-
tion. Apart from the vital service of our navy,
in bottling up the German fleet, had we not
hurled into the breach our gallant little army
— our "contemptible little army" — there could
have been no victory of the Marne to stay the
German hordes and to save Paris from their
violating grip. Let no nation fear to acknowl-
edge its past faults — not all the pages of our
history are unsmirched. "Let the dead past
bury ita dead"; our allies will not forget
through all time the sacrifices of our first ex-
peditionary force thrown across the invader's
path, and they have testified to its essential
effectiveness in the primary defeat of the en-
emy in those awful first weeks of war.
Of the next stage of the struggle — thos"
grueling years when the utmost that we could
do was to stand fast and oppose our inferior
numbers of hurriedly trained and equipped
troops solidly against the enemy's highly or-
ffamzed efficiency; to fire our one iff spared
shell in reply to the twenty from his well
filled arsenals;, to pit our few guns against
his serried artillery— of those years. 1915 to
1917. I can speak to you somewhat from my
personal experience at the tront.
It was early in 1916 that I was relieved
from my work of training troops at home and
went to France in command of a bantam bat-
talion—men all under 5 feet 2 inches, which
was the then minimum height for infantry
My men of the bantams were chiefly miners
whose occupation gave them fine chest de-
velopment—working on their backs, picking at
coal or rock— but left them poor as to the
legs; they lacked the "foundations" and march-
ing was not their strong point. Our first sec-
tor was that of Beaumont-Hamel on the
bomme front — the sector where the British
first went "over the top" . in the campaign
which ultimately resulted in the withdrawal
C the Germans to the Hindenburg line. You
may recall that in this offensive on the first
day alone the British casualties were 60,000.
Then in due course we were sent to the
Arras front— a line protected by very well
constructed defenses and trenches ; in fact the
British held this sector against all attacks
fromthe time they established themselves in
it after the first battle of the Marne. and in
face of the Germans' most strenuous efforts
l(i. dislodge us from it during their spring
offensive this year.
Here, then we had a comparatively easy
time—qualified by the usual daily exchange of
compliments in varying quantities in the shape
of shells, bombs, gas and so forth. The mo-
notony was even relieved by some choice ex-
amples of trench humor. The boche trenches
were about fifty yards from ours and were
being held by Saxon troops. Shortly after we
went in a sign in English was displayed
one fine morning from the habitat of the
neighbors opposite. It read thus:
"We are Saxons from the Somme: so aie
you — let's go easy."
..Ei?ht days later pur friend the enemy sub-
stituted the following notice for our edifica-
"The Bavarians relieve us to-night: give 'em
Evidently some one in the boche lines knew
quite a bit of good English.
. Later I was sent home with septic poison-
ing, and on my return I took command of
another battalion on the Somme front But
by this time we were advancing, hard on the
heels of the retreating Hun, who, while re-
tiring to more comfortable quarters back on
the Hindenburg line, took his revenge by dev-
astating every square foot of territory. In
fact, it was only from the information of the
peasantry left behind amid the ruins that we
age
pump had been; the chateaus: their own
homes — not one stone left upon another
It was during this advance that I met with
an unpleasant experience. The boches were
shelling us, and managed to hit the dugout
which several of us occupied, burying us alive.
It is an unpleasant sensation— to be sealed up
in a tomb with other living corpses, with
only a bit of candle or so between the lot
and no means of telling whether the place is
to become a veritable grave or no. Fortu-
nately, after a period of some strain, a relief
party came to our aid and dug us out; it re-
sulted in a startling reaction to find oneself
restored to life after twenty-four hours of
probationary death.
In this advance I and my battalion reached
Bapaume, where, as usual, we found that
the Huns had destroyed systematically every
building in the place — except, however, that
they had left standing the town hall. But
this little sign of regeneration proved merely
a booby trap. A week after our occupation
the hall blew up, killing two French deputies
and some of our officers and men. A clock
662
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
mine had been deftly secreted and did its
work effectively.
On this line my battalion remained — the
Cambrai-St. Quentin sector of the Hindenburg
line some miles beyond ' Bapaume — until ai
the close of 1917 I was invalided home with
shell shock.
I will now pass to a short survey of the
third phase of the war on the western front —
the campaign of the present year.
Small wonder that, at Russia's collapse and
elimination from the war early in 1917. which
released new German armies to .outstrip our
hard earned increase in numbers and equip-
ment, and snatched from us the long: prom-
ised hope of a great allied offensive — small
wonder that on America's dramatic entrance
into the arena our eyes turned to her with
eager hope, or that we watched with almost
breathless expectancy for the speedy materi-
alization of her support. The enemy pre-
tended to belittle America's contribution and
loudly asserted that the "U" boats would pre-
vent the utilization of her power in the al-
lied cause. Again Germany miscalculated — as
she has done throughout — the power of will
in a great cause to overcome obstacles.
Launching' her vastly re-enforced armies, three
or four to one. against the British front last
March, she bent it but could not break it.
Followed a like onslaught against the French
front — with like results. Not yet had the
allied armies filled up their ranks to equal
Germany's in number, but they were newly
inspired by the American support, and when
Foch smote, in the second battle of the Marne,
with America by his side, Germany's pride
was badly mauled. Then Haig1. already re-
covered from the battering of the spring,
smashed forward on his front and crossed the
Hindenburg; line at its strongest point, and
now America, in her first independent cam-
paign, has administered the heavy and humili-
ating' defeat of St. Mihiel.
In fine, Germany has been outg-eneraled and
outsoldiered. Her conscript system, which
she initiated and thus imposed upon the rest
of Europe, has. in spite of all its vaunted
efficiency, proved a failure. She has broken
every rule of warfare to which she had
Pledged herself: she has descended to every
kind of barbarous outrage on sea and land.
Except when she fights with greatly superior
numbers she is always beaten. And why?
Complete efficiency must enlist not only every
ounce of material power: it must enlist every
ounce of every kind of power. Germany has
always left out of account the mightiest fac-
tor in an army's force, its spiritual power.
That power is indomitable. It is this spir-
itual factor, imbuing: every soldier and in-
forming- the whole line, which has set Ger-
man efficiency" at naught. Germany's kind
of "efficiency" could succeed only if men were
machines. It is the spirit of the allied armies
that will conquer and has already discredited
the German military machine, built upon a
basis of materialistic science which ignores
—and by the showing of her own philosophers
denies^— the finest and most powerful of human
qualities, while it openly flouts all sense of
honor and decency. That. I hold, in the final
analysis, is the rock upon which Germany's
house will break — as her false and godl°ss
theory of life was the sand upon which she
built it.
The allies possess a higher faith than that —
and we may humbly thank God for it. All
honor to the splendid men of all ranks in all
our armies on the western front: all honor
to Foch, coolly selecting1 the proper moments
to strike at the spent power of Germany's
hosts: all honor to Haig. coolly meeting- the
overwhelming odds of Germany's onslaughts
and as coolly reporting the results of his
counterstrokes of the last weeks: all honor
to. Pershing. coolly stepping into the arena
with his fresh young armies, who are as coolly
doing the work of veterans in our great cru-
sade for civilization.
3. The British Xaval and Military Contribu-
tion to the War.
From the foregoing brief survey of the west-
em front I will pass to a bird's-eye view of
the other fronts, scattered over the face of the
globe. To cut off from our enemies all ex-
ternal support, direct or indirect, it was neces-
sary not merely to meet their attacks in the
European fields, but to eliminate them as far
as possible from aJl other parts of the world.
Hence the campaigns employing naval and mili-
tary forces in which the British dominions,
South Africa and India have joined us so
¥>lei'.didly against the German colonies and
urkey's territories in Asia. South African
and British troops have gained complete con-
trol of the German colonies in that continent.
Australia and New Zealand have seized their
possessions in the antipodes; our gallant ally.
Japan, reduced Kiaochow in a few weeks; our
British and Indian armies in Mesopotamia and
.Palestine are performing the task of defeating
and reducing the Turkish forces. * ' In
the Balkans, Serbia and Greece are striking at
the Bulg-ar forces: while Italy, who on her
front is performing so magnificently her stu-
pendous task — more wearing1 and trying to
armies even than such warfare as we are ex-
periencing on the western front — stands by her
allies with a steadfast loyalty which is beyond
all meed of praise and gratitude. Lastly, we
have the recent expeditions with which Amer-
ica is associated in support of the loyalist Rus-
sian populations against the machinations of
German intriguers and agents.
In all these far-flung projects, it is our
pride to have been able to take our part —
sometimes assisting, sometimes assisted by,
our allies or our dominions, to whose loyal
efforts I must now bear witness.
For indeed the contribution of every part
of the British empire has been marvelous.
Canada by herself has made an effort equal to
that made by Great Britain in the Boer war,
raising- 500.000 men. Australia, in proportion
to her widely distributed population, has
equaled Canada's accomplishment. Of the In-
dian troops serving under the British nag
Gen. Smuts declared: "I never wish to com-
mand more loyal, braver and better soldiers.
The Indian forces who are now helping- to
break up the Turkish empire in Mesopotamia
are making a contribution to the war which
should never be forgotten." New Zealand,
with a small population of a little more tnan
1,000,000, has raised no fewer than 100,000
men. Newfoundland's effort is proportionately
generous. South Africa, "compensated after
the Boer war by one of the wisest political
settlements ever made in the history of the
British empire" — I quote the words of Gen.
Smuts, who led the Boers against us In 1899-
1902. and is now one of the most valued and
influential members of the British war cabinet
— South Africa has done yeoman service to
the common cause, by clearing the Germans
from that continent and by her contribution
to the armies at the other fronts, a service
which redounds to her own honor, as it bears
glowing- testimony to the solidarity of the
British commonwealth of nations, of which she
so recently became a part.
Turning- to the high seas. I need not speak
at length of the service rendered to the
world by the British navy, whose predom-
inance alone has made possible not only the
continuance of the main campaign on the
western front, but all the vast subsidiary
projects for the discomfiture and defeat of the
allies' enemies.
In August. 1014. the British navy had a ton-
nape of 2.500.000 and a personnel of 14o.OOO
officers and men. To-day it has a tonnage of
8.000.000. including the auxiliary fleet, and
in 1917 the personnel stood at 430.000. .The
joint action of the American and British
navies has made possible the safe conduct o
the American armies to France, and has aJ-
most wirwd out the threat of the pirate 1
boat. The navy's main task is not. pneotacu-
lar. but the figures are dramatic: It has con-
voyed no fewer than 13,000,000 men. of whom
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
663
only 2.700 were lost by enemy action: it
has convoyed 2.000.000 horses and mules.
500.000 vehicles. 25,000.000 tons of explo-
sives. 51,000,000 tons of oil and fuel. 130,000.-
000 tons of food and other materials for use
of the allies: all this in addition to its un-
ceasing' patrol of the North sea, hoping and
waiting for the impotent German fleet, .which
cost its nation $1.500.000,000. to come out
and give us battle.
I must claim your attention also for a few
facts and figures concerning1 our air service.
In 1914 Great Britain possessed a total of
110 airplanes and a personnel of 900 officers
and men. In 1917 the personnel had reached
42.000 and the machines had increased to
many thousands.
. In 1914 the amount of bombs dropped was
practically nil: in June, 1917, the weight of
bombs dropped by British aviators on Ger-
man fortified towns was sixty-five tons: in
May, 1918, it was 668 tons. In a single
day on the western front British aviators si-
lenced no fewer than 127 German batteries,
twenty-eight gun pits were destroyed and
sixty explosions were caused.
From July. 1917. to June. 1918. 4.102
«;nemy machines in all theaters of war were
destroyed or brought down by British aviators
with a loss of onlly 1,213 of our machines.
The followirg is a record of one- month's
<*c-complishments by British airmen: 139
enemy machines destroyed. 122 enemy ma-
chines driven down out of control. 7,886
bombs dropped on western front, 209,000
rounds fired from the air, 15,837 photographs
taken, always, of course, under neavy shell
flre.
A big British airplane of a new type, car-
rying nine passengers in addition to its crew,
recently made a trip from the interior of
J^rance to the interior of England in just over
one-half an hour. During the night of Aug.
21. 1918, British aviators bombed five Ger-
man towns, dropping 194 tons of bombs.
The brutal raids of Zeppelins upon open
and defenseless towns in England have be<>n
avenged, but only in accordance with the
agreed rules of warfare: we have not taken
our revenge upon the women and children of
Germany, but upon their military centers and
fortifications.
t. The Industrial Reorganization of Britain
for War.
And now, after surveying the British naval
and military forces in action, let us glance at
the work of the British industrial army at
home. For it is true that but lor the work
of the army of civilians our cause would have
been lost.
Over 4.000.000 men and women are to-day
working in British munition factories: they
are producing in two weeks more shells than
were produced in the whole of the first year
of the war.
When war broke out Britain possessed but
three national arsenals; to-day she has 150.
Over 5,000 privately owned factories and
works are now under government control: in
one area alone shell bodies or the components
are now being made by a musical instrument
manufacturer, an infants' food maker, a can-
dle maker, a flour miller, an advertising agent,
several brewers, a jobmaster, a glazier and a
siphon manufacturer.
In the last si* months of 1917 Canada con-
tributed no less than lo per cent of the Brit-
ish output of munitions.
Upon British clothing and boot factories has
fallen the great task of supplying a large pro-
portion of the equipment of the Belgian.
French. Italian and Russian armies: indeed,
without British uniforms and boots some of
our allies would have had no option but to
relinquish the fight.
The entire fabric of Britain's industry has
been revolutionized: all over the country im-
mense new factories have been erected, devoted
exclusively to the manufacture of munitions.
New villages and even whole towns have
sprung up almost in a night, yet the ministry
of munitions has found time to organize a
staff of experts whose sole duties are to deal
with the housing of the workers and to look
after their welfare. Two thousand miles of
track. 1,000 locomotives and many tens of
thousands of railroad cars have been shipped
abroad.
Canada has contributed quantities of railroad
materials, including no fewer than. 450 miles
of rails, torn up from Canadian railways and
shipped direct to France.
For the steadfast loyalty and heroic self-
sacrifice of British labor to the allied cause
no praise would be adequate.
As for the women, they are splendid.
Up to the outbreak of war Great Britain
had approximately 200.000 female workers,
mostly employed in the textile industry. To-
day over 5.000,000 British women are doing
1,701 different kinds of wprk previously done
by men, and, what is more, they have broken
every record of prewar production set up by
the sterner sex. Over 1.000,000 are directly
employed in munition producing plants, over
500.000 are employed in engineering and chem-
ical works, 300,000 are working as farm la-
borers. 20.000 are in the uniform of the wom-
en's auxiliary army corps, working in France
or Britain as motor drivers, bakers, clerks,
etc. Over 10.000 are in the women's royal
naval service, doing similar duties for British
jack tars.
I am told that 5,000 British girls have been
dispatched to the American army in France;
some are engaged in clerical dutips and some
are making pies for your boys at the front.
As our prime minister, Mr. Lloyd George,
has said: "If it had not been for the splen-
did manner in which the women came forward
to work in the hospitals and munition fac-
tories, in administrative offices of all kinds,
and in war work behind the lines, often in
dally danger of their lives. Great Britain, and,
I believe, all the allies would have been un-
able to withstand the enemy attacks of the
last few months. For this service to our
common cause humanity owes them unbounded
gratitude."
5. The War Organization of Great Britain for
Domestic Economy.
England has suffered deprivation, rather
than actual privation: luxuries have been
largely eliminated: necessities drastically re-
duced— but not to the point of causing keen
distress or hunger. Her system of food con-
trol is partly voluntary, partly compulsory.
As the economy exhibition will demonstrate
to those who attend it. the weekly ration for
a man or woman doing manual labor includes
the following:
Butcher meat, without bone or fat. 8 ounces
Bacon 12 ounces
Butter 2 ounces
Sugar (individual use for all pur-
coses) 7/ounces
Milk is not rationed— but the supply to
dealers is restricted to not over the average
amount daily, for sale, which they had three
months previous to the ration system going
into effect.
Bread is not rationed— but bakers .are al-
lowed to use only 60 per cent of white flour
and their supplies are similarly restricted.
Maximum prices have been established for
nearly all foodstuffs in common use and the
poor are thus protected from any attempt at
exploitation.
Undoubtedly a moral and sociological ad-
vantage has resulted from the enforcement
of "the simple life" upon all classes of the
community alike. From those conditions has
arisen a mutual pympathy and understanding
between rich and poor, high and low. whicn
testifies to the democratic plan upon which
our Anglo-Saxon commonwealths are based.
In spite of the exceptional difficulties creat-
ed by the shortage of labor. Great Britain has
increased her arable area by 2,142,000 acres
664
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
since the outbreak of the war. This increased
area is divided as lollows: Pet.
Acres. Inc.
Wheat 752,000 3«
Barley 158.000 11
Potatoes .... 217 50
Oats 735 35
Three thousand government owned tractors
are at work on 611,000 acres of land. One
million acres are worked by steam plows un-
der the government's direction. Cheese mak-
ing schools have been set up in thirty-three
counties. Special efforts are being- made to
increase the supply of sea food: in this di-
rection I would point out that the transfer-
ence oi a single trawler from the fishing- in-
dustry to the mine sweeping1 service means
350 tons of fish lost annually to the country,
or an aggregate of over 1.000,000 tons lost
per annum.
British agricultural scientists have rendered
yeoman service. A Russian wheat which re-
sists rust, but yields a miserably poor crop,
has be^n married to a British wheat with a
high yield which now repels the rust; the
result i? forty-two bushels per acre. or. with
pushing, seventy-two bushels. There is every
prospect of their producing in the near future
a potato immune from blight or wart.
In order to preserve all available fruit
6.000.000 bottles are being distributed this
year to housewives.
Britain's grain crop this year will be the
biggest since 1868. The army of harvesters
now employed includes wounded soldiers, col-
lege boys and girls. Boy Scouts, Belgian and
Serbian refugees. Three hundred thousand
women work on the land.
So much for the work of the government de-
partment, but what of the work of the peo-
ple themselves?
Over 1,400,000 new allotments have been put
under cultivation, mostly by people who have
already done a long day's work in a munition
factory, at the office desk or on other duties.
It is chiefly owing to the patriotic efforts of
these amateur gardeners that Britain increased
her potato crop by 3,000,000 tons in 1917,
thus releasing a vast amount of tonnage for
the use of the allies.
This increased production has enabled us to
divert cereal imports to France and Italy to
meet the shortage in those countries.
S. British, Financial Organization for the War.
In touching upon the financial effects of the
war I can speak only as a layman, and give
you such facts and figures as may serve to
illustrate the dimensions of the British con-
tribution to the allied cause as viewed from
the financial angle.
During the first four years of war the British
government has spent £7.930,000.000. To meet
this Bum £2,021,000,000 have been collected
in taxation and state sources: £5,909,000.000
have been borrowed.
Deducting from the expenditure and revenue
£800.000.000 for normal income and outgo dur-
ing the four years, on the prewar basis, we get
war revenues of £1,221.000.000, and war ex-
penditure of all kinds, including loans to al-
lies and purchases by government of goods
that will be resold. £7.130.000,000.
The chancellor of the exchequer in his
budget speech estimated the value of these re-
coverable assets (taking loans to allies at half
their face value) as £l,79f>,000.000 at the end
of next Maroh (1919). Taking them as. say,
£1800.000000 now. this makes the four years'
figures as follows:
Total war expenditures £7,130,000.000
Less recoverable expenditure... 1,800,000.000
Net war cost £5,330,000,000
Provided by revenue 1,221.000,000
Provided by borrowing £4.109,000,000
According to this calculation the proportion
of the net war cost that we have raised by
revenue is 23.04 per cent. Here in the United
States I understand you have been able to
meet a higher percentage of your war cost 1 y
revenue — 54 per cent of it. in fact, if loans to
allies be deducted. I believe that these figures
do not, however, permit of very exact com-
parison.
The stress upon the British purse has. per-
force, been heavier; and the circumstances un-
der which our expenditure has been incurred
have been less favorable to careful economy
than in the case of America. There is the
further substantial consideration of the differ-
ent periods of time during which each coun-
try has been subjected to the burden of war
expenditure.
Under the circumstances in which we were
placed, it is perhaps fair to opine that during
the stress of war economy would not have
been for us the chief of virtues. Yet the Brit-
ish government and the British people may be
justly proud of their methods of raising reve-
nue, and of the proportion of the war expenses
met and paid as the war goes on.
First of these methods, which has been
steadily inculcated and increased among all
classes of the community, might be called
.the popular war loan habit as contracted in
the periodical purchase of war savings certifi*
cates. Thereby the heart of the nation, with
a regular weekly throb, pumps its financial
blood through the whole nation's system. The
agents of some 40,000 local organizations
throughout Great Britain pass through the
factories and the villages every week-end to
gather those sixpences and half-crowns which
quickly bring back to the contributors their
war savings certificates and at the same time
furnish the government with the "sinews of
war." From these little £1 certificates alone
the treasury has received £79.000.000. The
total raised by national war bonds and savings
certificates to July 27, 1918. was £1,028,000,-
000 (roughly, $5.000.000,000). The result is
that, whereas before the war there were not
350.000 individual holders of British govern-
ment securities, there are now no less than
17.000,000 holders. The "little people" now
own stock along with the rich in this great
venture of a co-operative democracy.
The second method of paying our way as
we go (so far as human endurance permits >
is by a heavy increase of income tax and
supertax and the imposition of an 80 per cent
excess war profits duty. Thus, an earned in-
come of £200 ($960) which before the war
paid a tax of £1 10s ($7.20) now pays £9
($43.20) : nn unearned income of the same,
amount, paying $11.20 before the war. now
pays $57.60. The tax rate is raised as the in-
comes increase, and when an income reaches
£2.500 ($12.000) the supertax comes into play
and adds a pecond burden to the first. It is
estimated that in the year 1918-1919—
The income tax and supertax
will yield £290.450,000
And the excess profits duty
with munitions levy 300,000,000
Total . £590.450,000
Or $2,834,160,000
In addition to these two sources of revenue
the government find another in increased cus-
toms and excise.
As for posterity, if it inherits no capital, it
may at least console itself with having in-
herited a debt which will be only a fraction
of what it might have been: and one hopes
it may also bear in mind that to-day, the
British citizen with an income of $2.400 per
annum is paying in taxes (chiefly due to the
war) no less than $1.000.
And as for me. gentlemen, I am well con-
tent to leave the solution of this weighty
problem of dollars and cents, of pounds, shil-
lings and pence, upon the broad financial
shoulders of yourselves and of your banker
colleagues in England. I doubt not that of
this, as of other problems that our countries
will inherit from the war. America and Brit-
ain, standing together, as they are now
standing shoulder to shoulder in this great
fight for our common heritage and for our
common ideals, will jointly discover the
proper solution.
And that reminds me. Was it not a finan-
cial problem also that gave our British fore-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB, 1919.
665
fathers the heritage of Magna Charta. upon
whose principles both our countries base
their constitutions of freedom and of equal-
ity before the law?
And was it not a temporary aberration
from those Anglo-Saxon principles on the
part of a stubborn British government op-
posing its will to the clear sympathies of the
majority of the British people which 142
years ago gave rise to a subsequent declara-
tion of independence by Britishers who then
became the founders of these United States?
And is it not possible, as Maj. George Haven
Putnam so aptly turned the thought, as the
representative of your nation speaking at the
epoch making commemoration of Independ-
ence day in London last July 4. that the war
we are now waging, side by side, may be-
queath us jointly a third and still richer heri-
tage— a declaration of interdependence as be-
tween the United States of America and the
British commonwealth of nations? '
Rich indeed would our heritage be should
such an informal declaration of interdepend-
ence between the English speaking nations
lead, in turn, to the realization of that great-
er Magna Charta of the nations of the world,
so grandly conceived and so eloquently de
fined by the president of your country. Then
indeed, would the blood of our youth not
have been shed in vain]
CANADA'S EFFORT IN THE WAR.
Two months before the terms of armistice
were signed the director of public informa-
tion in Ottawa, Ont., published a statement
giving, in concise form data covering every
phase of the dominion's war activities up to
that time. First to be noted was Canada's
purely military effort. Up to June 30. 1918.
the number of soldiers actually overseas was
383,523. In addition there were in Canada on
that date 61.143 Canadian expeditionary men
and 5,900 men embarked but not yet overseas,
making a grand total of 450,556.
The movement overseas by years was as fol-
lows:
Before Dec. 31. 1914 30,999
Calendar year 1915 84.334
Calendar year 1916 165,553
Calendar year 1917 63,536
Jan. 1 to June 30. 1918 39,101
Total casualties up to June 30 were 159,084.
of which 42,919 were dead or presumed dead.
Of the wounded and sick between 30,000 and
£0,000 returned to France for further service.
About 50,000 have been returned to Canada
as unfit.
The list of honors won in the field is a
glorious one. Here are details:
Victoria cross 30
Distinguished service order 432
Bar to distinguished service order 18
Military cross 1,467
Bar to military cross 61
Distinguished conduct medal 939
Military medal , . . .6,549
First bar to military medal 227
Second bar to military medal 6
Meritorious service medal 1
Mentioned in dispatches 2,573
Royal Red Cross , 130
While Canada's chief military effort was con-
centrated on the Canadian expeditionary force
on the western front, Canada made a variety
of other contributions to the war. A notable
example was in the air service. Unofficially it
is said that 35 per cent, or more than 13.000,
of the British air pilots in France were Cana-
dians, a remarkable record in itself. Other Ca-
nadian units, such as railway troops and hos-
pitals, served in Palestine, Macedonia and
Greece. Another corps was trained for service
with the tanks — an imperial service like the
air force.
Canada's next most important contribution
to the war was in the department of muni-
tions. During the last six months of 1917 no
less than 55 per cent of the total British out-
put of 18 pounder shrapnel shells came from
Canada and most of these were complete
rounds of ammunition, which went direct to
France. Canada also contributed 42 per cent
of the total 4.5 inch shells, 27 per cent of
the 6 inch shells. 20 per cent of the 60 pound-
er high explosive shells, 15 per cent of the 8
inch and 16 per cent of the 9.2 inch shells. In
addition Canada supplied no fewer than 450
miles of rails, torn up and shipped direct to
France.
The cash disbursements of the British gov-
ernment for munitions in Canada were more
than $1.000,000,000.
These orders were placed through the impe-
rial munitions board headed by Sir Joseph Fla-
velle, Bart., of Toronto. In addition to its
function as general and exclusive purchasing
agent for British departments, this board acted
as agent for the United States ordnance de-
partment in arranging contracts for munitions
and supplies placed by the United States gov-
ernment in Canada.
The munitions board also let contracts for
ships amounting to $70,000,000, representing
forty-three steel and fifty-eight wooden ships,
aggregating 360,000 tons.
The following details of munition production
are impressive:
Total number of shells produced, 60.000.000.
Approximate number of components repre-
sented by above, for which imperial munitions
board has let separate contracts, 670,000,000.
Quantity of high grade explosives and pro-
pellants produced, 100,000.000 pounds.
Value of orders placed by the British gov-
ernment through the imperial munitions board,
$1,200.000,000.
Amount of orders already executed, $1,000,-
000.000. (This figure represents the actual
amount of cash disbursements.)
Approximate number of contractors in Can-
ada among whom contracts for munitions have
been distributed, 1,000.
Number of workers engaged in war con-
tracts, 200,000 to 300,000.
Approximate number of persons employed in
handling stores in transportation and other
collateral organizations. 50,000.
Approximate total number of workers, 350,-
000.
CHANGES ON NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD.
Before leaving for the peace conference
President Wilson accepted the resignation of
Frank P. Walsh, joint chairman of the na-
tional war labor board, and appointed Basil
M. Manly as Mr. Walsh's successor. Announce-
ment of the action was made by Mr. Walsh
at the meeting of the board Dec. 3, 1918.
Mr. Manly had been assistant to the joint
chairmen, Mr. Taft and Mr. Walsh.
While the appointment was made by the
president, as was the appointment of the other
members of the board, Mr. Manly, like Mr.
Walsh, wa£ chosen for the place by unanimous
vote of the representatives of labor on the
war labor board. Five members of the board
represent, and were chosen by, employers: five
represent labor, and the chairmen, represent-
ing the public, are selected, one by labor and
one by the employers.
William Harmon Black, Mr. Walsh's alter-
nate on the board, resigned with Mr. Walsh.
Mr. Manly, upon being appointed to Mr.
Walsh's office, named Mr. Black as his alter-
nate.
666
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
PRESIDENT WILSON AND THE PEACE CONFERENCE.
ClinedinBt, Copyright, 1018.
WOODROW WILSON.
Clinsxlinst, Copyright, 1918.
GEN. T. H. BLISS.
Clinedinst, Copyright, 1918.
ROBERT LANSING.
Immediately alter the terms of the armi-
stice imposed upon Germany by the allies had
been accepted preparations were begun lor
the peace conference, whose stupendous task
it would be to settle the innumerable Ques-
tions growing out ol the war and the revo-
lutions in the central empires and Russia.
Among- the greatest ol the problems to be de-
cided was that ol taking steps which would
make impossible or at least nearly so the re-
currence ol such a calamity as the world war.
President Wilson, as a leading advocate ol a
league ol nations pledged to world democracy
and lasting peace, became at once the central
figure upon whom the attention ol the world
was fixed. His ideas as to the basis upon
which the final negotiations should be con-
ducted had been accepted in principle by ail
the allies and the question ol what part he
would take in those negotiations at once be-
came the topic of the day.
That he would exercise great influence upon
the deliberations of the peace meetings was
taken for granted, but lew if any suspected
that he would himself be a delegate to the
conference. No president of the United
States had ever left the country while in of-
fice for any purpose and it was not sup-
posed that President Wilson would do so.
though he was known as a man who would
disregard precedent if in his opinion the oc-
casion demanded it. Therefore, when it began
to be rumored that he intended to go to
France and personally take part in the peace
proceedings incredulity was expressed and also
considerable opposition to any such course.
All doubts were set at rest when on Nov. 18
the following1 official announcement was made
at the white house in Washington:
"The president expects to sail for France
immediately after the opening of the regu-
lar session of congress, for the purpose of
taking part in the discussion and settlement
of the main features of the treaty of peace.
It is not likely that it will be possible for
him to remain throughout the sessions of the
formal peace conference, but his presence at
the outset is necessary in order to obviate
the manifest disadvantages of discussion by
cable in determining the greater outlines of
the final treaty, about which he must nec-
essarily be consulted. He will, of course, be
accompanied by delegates who will sit as the
representatives of the United States through-
out the conference. The names of the dele-
gates will be presently announced."
Names of Delegates Announced.
Whatever opposition there may have been
to the president's leaving the country even for
a few weeks ceased to find expression as spon
as it was known that he had decided definite-
ly to go. Speculation then centered upon the
Question as to who would be the official rep-
resentatives of the United States at the peace
meetings. This was settled when on the eve-
ning of Nov. 29 the following statement was
issued at the white house:
"It was announced at the executive office
to-night that the representatives ol the United
States at the peace conference would be the
president himself, the secretary of state [Rob-
ert Lansing] . Henry White, recently ambassa-
dor to France: Edward M. House and Gen.
Tasker H. Bliss.
."It was explained that it had not been pos-
sible to announce these appointments before
because the number ol representatives each
ol the chiel belligerents was to send had until
a day or two ago been under discussion."
SaUs on George Washington.
Preparations lor the journey were begun as
soon as it had been decided that the presi-
dent should go to Europe. It was at first
proposed to use the Ag-imemaon. lormerly the
Kaiser Wilhelm II.. but later it was decided
jhat the George Washington, a 27.000 ton
tioopship. should carry the presidential party
The vessel was at once made ready at its
dock at Hoboken, .N. J. The president ap-
peared before a joint session of congress on
the afternoon of Dec.. 2 and delivered his an-
nual message, in which he gave his reasons
for attending the peace conference in person.
(See page 724.) The following day was passed
m the performance of various duties in Wash-
ington until late at night, when President and
Mrs. Wilson and the others in the party
boarded a special train which left the capital
early on the morning of Dec. 4 and arrived at
the pier in Hoboken at 7:20. All who were to
make the trip wont on board the George \Vash-
ingtpn and at 10 15 o'clock the ship started
on its tnp to France.
In the Presidential Party.
Following is a list of the officials, guests,
specialists and employes who were on board:
President Wilson.
Mrs. Wilson.
Rear-Admiral Cary T. Grayson, U. S. N.
Charles S. Swemm. confidential clerk to the
president.
Irving H. Hoover, head usher of the white
house.
Miss Edith Benham. secretary to Mrs. Wil-
son.
George Creel, chairman of the committee on
public information.
Guests of the President — Jules J. Jusserand,
the French ambassador, and Mme. Jusserand:
Count V. Macchi di Cellere. the Italian ambas-
sador, and the Countess di Cellere and two chil-
dren: John W. Davis, United States ambassa-
dor to Great Britain, and Mrs. Davis: Mrs.
Francisco Quattrone of the Italian ambassa-
dor's party: Rear-Admiral H. K. Knapp, U. S.
N. : Capt. William V. Pratt. U. S. N.: Mrs.
William S. Benson, wife of Admiral Benson,
the chief of operations: Mrs. Gordon Auchin-
closs, daughter of Col. Edward M. House: Mrs.
Joseph C. Grew and Mrs. David Hunter Miller-
L. C. Probert. representing The Associated
Press: R. J. Bender, representing 'the United
Press; John E. Nevin of the International
News service.
Members of the American Peace Commission
— Secretary of State. Robert Lansing, accom-
,ne commission: syuney v. smun. cniei 01
bureau, department of state, attached to the
commission; William McNair. chief of bureau,
department of state, disbursing officer of the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
667
CUnedimrt, Copyright, 191S.
HENRY WHITE.
Underwood & (Jn.lervtood.
E. M. HOUSE.
commission: George H. Harris, assistant dis-
bursing1 officer of the commission: William C.
Bullitt. attached to the commission; R. O.
Sweet, secretary to Secretary Lansing-.
Specialists — Dr. Isaiah Bowman, territorial
specialist: AlLvn A. Young1, specialist on
economic resources: Charles H. Haskins, spe-
S'alist on Alsace-Lorraine and Belgium ; Clive
ay. specialist on the Balkans: W. E. Lunt.
specialist on northern Italy: R. H. Lord,
specialist on Russia and Poland: Charles Sey-
mour, specialist on Austria-Hungary : W. L.
Westermann, specialist on Turkey: G. L. Beer,
specialist on colonial history: Mark Jefferson,
cartographer: Dr. 8. E. Mezes, president Col-
lege of the city of New York, and Mrs. Mezes :
J. T. Shotwell; Maj. James Brown Scott,
technical adviser, and Mrs. Scott: George A.
Finch, assistant to Mai. Scott: Prof. Amos S.
Hershey, assistant to Maj. Soott; George D.
Gregory, confidential clerk to Maj. Scott.
Assistants to Specialists — Capt. S. K. Horn-
beck. H. A. Lybyger. P. J. Kerner. P. T. Moon.
L. H. Gray, R. B. Dixon, J. Storck. A. K. Lo-
beek. O. G. Stratton, W. J. Blank, J. B. Stubbs.
D. P. Frary. P. W. Slosson.
War Department Personnel — Brig.-Gen. Wil-
liam H. Harts: Brig.-Gen. Marlborough Chur-
chill, chief of army intelligence service: Col.
Richard H. Jordan, general staff: Col. L. P.
Ayers, general staff: Maj. Hunter S. Marston.
adjutant-general's department: Maj. C. W.
Furlong-, U. S. A.: Capt. T. M. Childs. U. S. A.
Clerks in American Commission — J. K. Hud-
dle. R. B. Macatee. C. B. Welch, H. E. Fen-
stermacher. S. Y. Skinner. L. T. Alverson, H.
C. Coney. L. W. Ronimus. L,. E. Mundy. H.
Goldstein.
In Charge of Photographs — Maj. John M.
Campbell, g-eneral staff; Maj. Frank J. Grif-
fln. signal corps: First Lieutenant Victor
Fleming1, signal corps: Second Lieutenant L.
F Fleio. U. S. A.: Ruth W. Higgins. special
stenographer.
On Board by Authority Secretary of War —
Raymond B. Fosdick.
Secret Service Operatives — Joseph E. Murphy,
Edmund W. Starling-. John D. Slye, W. A.
Landvoig-ht. John J. Fitzgerald. Walter G.
Ferguson. John L. Sullivan.
Enlisted Men of the Army— Sergt. W. E.
Copeland. Serg-t. L. D. Smith. Sergt. V. Braeg-
ger, Serg-t. L. J. Morra. Sergt. Robert Williams,
Sergt. Clyde Kuhn, Private H. S. MacFall.
Private D. Pronalpne.
All the craft in the harbor blew their
whistles and the escorting war vessels fired
the • presidential salute as the George Wash-
ington, flying the presidential flag, proceeded
on its journey. Two army airplanes and
two navy seaplanes performed air maneuvers
as the steamer headed for the bay. Four
destroyers acted as an escort until the George
Washington arrived off Tomphinsville. Staten
island. There the battleship Pennsylvania,
under command of Capt. Louis M. Nulton. and
flying the flag of Admiral Henry T. Mayo,
commander in chief of the Atlantic fleet,
headed the escort, and the destroyers Wiokes.
Commander J. S. Barleor. : Woolsey, Com-
mander F. V. McNair; Lea. Commander D W.
Bagley; Tarbell. Commander H. Powell and
Yaraell. Commander W. F. Hslsey. followed.
to accompany the Pennsylvania all the way
to France. Ten other destroyers, the Mahan.
Kadiord, Breese. Craven. Dorsey, Robinson.
Walke, Lamberton and Perkins, steamed with
the George Washington forty-eight hours and
then returned to their stations.
The voyage across tne Atlantic was unevent-
ful, though some heavy weather was experi-
enced part ol the time. 'xne route was oy
way of the Azores to Brest. France, the port
at which 1,000.000 American soldiers landed
when on their way to the battle fields oi
.trance., and where thousands were already
embarking lor the trip home. The president
Kept m touch with both America and Europe
all the way across by means of the powerful
wireless mstallatipu_pu the George Washington.
Arrival in trance.
On the arrival of the president's ship near
Brest it was met by a special naval escort
of American and allied warships and escorted
to the harbor. On landing the president was
welcomed officially by representatives of the
French government, after which all the mem-
bers of the party boarded a train which
brought them into the Bois de Boulogne sta-
tion in Paris at 10:15 o'clock Saturday morn-
ing, Dec. 14. Following are extracts from The
Associated Press account of the welcome given
the president of the United States in the
French capital:
The crowds that assembled in Paris to greet
the president were at an early hour large
beyond the precedent set on the occasion of
previous visits of heads of foreign states. The
weather was favorable, for, although the morn-
ing was a rather gray one. it early gave prom-
ise of decided improvement.
The scene at the station where the presi-
dent s train came in was beautifully set. The
Platform was carpeted in red and palms
adorned the broad stairway. The band of the
republican guards was playing- "The Star
spangled Banner" as the presidential train,
decorated with the stars and stripes, drew into
the station. Immediately the aj-tillery gave
voice and a sa.lute of 100 guns announced the
president's arrival.
President Wilson's appearance on the broad
carpeted and palm-bordered approach to the
station through glittering lines of sabers of
the republican guards caused the vast throng
to cheer.
I'resident Wilson was greeted warmly by
President and Mme. Poinoare Premier Clemen-
ceau. Andre Tardieu, French high commis-
sl£."?r, to the United States, and other high
officials.
The French executive firmly grasped the
president, bv the hand as he stepped from the
tram. William Martin, who is attached to
the foreign office as introducer of ambassa-
dors, presented Premier Clemenceau, who wel-
comed President Wilson in English, saying he
was extremely glad to meet him.
M. Martin then introduced the other mem-
bers of the French cabineU A girl in an
Alsatian costume stepped forward, curtsied
and gave Mrs. Wilson a exeat bouaust of
orchids.
After all the members of the receiving- party
had been presented. President Poincare con-
ducted President Wilson to the top of the
station steps, where Mme. Poincare was await-
ng them.
In the procession from the railwav station
to the Prince Murat home, in the Pare
Vtoneeau, following the formalities of the
erecting, the first carriage was occupied by
^resident Wilson and President Poincare and
second carriage bv Mrs. Wilson. Mme.
nrare. Mme. Jus=erand and Miss Margaret
Wilson. Those in other carriages were: Third,
American Ambn-ssador Sharp. Premier Clemen-
ceau and Gens. Mordacq and TVsnarge: fourth.
Secretary Lansing ?>nd Foreign Minister
Pjchon: fifth. Gen. Bliss and Henry White:
sixth. Gen. Pershing and Ambassador Jusse-
rand: seventh. Admiral Benson and Capt. Tar-
lieu, and eighth. Admiral Grayson, Gen.
Harts and Lieut. -Col. Lobez.
Durine thP riflp irnrn the railwav station
•he president was smiling, taking off his hat
668
ALMAKAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
and bowipg to the right and left. Waves of
voices answered his salutation, broken by the
sharp bark of guns at intervals oi fifteen sec-
onds.
President Wilson reached Prince Murat's
residence at 10:45 a. m. His arrival was the
signal for the hoisting' of the American flag
amid loud cheers from the crowd. President
Poincare and Premier Clemenceau took leave
of the presidential party here and the escort*
ing; troops returned to their barracks, ac-
claimed by the crowds on the boulevards.
Groups of American soldiers seen on the
streets were warmly hailed by the people and
in general the enthusiasm of the occasion ran
high.
The route to the presidential residence was
lined with French troops in solid array. The
welcome given by the crowds as the presi-
dent drove by was vociferous and hearty. The
city was making- a vast fete of the presi-
dent's coming.
Welcome by President Poincare.
Later in the day President and Mrs. Wilson
attended a luncheon in their honor given by
President Poincare. In welcoming- the Amer-
ican executive the head of the French repub-
lic said:
"Mr. President: Paris and France awaited
you with impatience. They were eager to ac-
claim in you. the illustrious democrat 'whose
words and deeds were inspired by exalted
thought, the philosopher delighting1 in the so-
lution of universal laws from particular
events, the eminent statesman who had found
a way to express the highest political and
moral truths in formulas which bear the
stamp of immortality.
"They had also a passionate desire to offer
thanks, in your person, to the great republic
of which you are the chief for the invalu-
able assistance which had been given spon-
Oanepusly during- this war to the defenders
of right and liberty.
"Even before America had resolved to in-
tervene in the struggle she had shown for the
wounded and orphans of France a solicitude
and a generosity the memory of which will
always be enshrined in our hearts.
"The liberality of your Red Cross, the count-
less gifts of your fellow citizens, the inspir-
ing1 initiative of American women, anticipated
your military and naval action and show.ed
the world to which side your sympathies in-
clined. And, on the day when you flung- your-
selves into the battle, with what determina-
tion ypur great people and yourself prepared
"for united success!
"Some months ago you cabled to me that
the United States would send ever increasing-
forces until the day should be reached on
which the allies' armies were able to sub-
merge the enemy under an overwhelming- flow
of new divisions and in effect for more than
a year a steady stream of youth and energy
has been poured out upon the shores of
France.
"No sooner had" they landed than your gal-
lant battalions, fired by their chief. Gen.
Pershing1, flung- themselves into the combat
with such a manly contempt of danger, such
a smiling disregard of death, that our longer
experience of this terrible war often moved us
to counsel prudence. They brought with them
in arriving- here the enthusiasm of crusaders
leaving for the holy land.
"It is their right to-day to look with pnde
upon the work accomplished and to feel as-
sured that they have powerfully aided by their
courage and their faith.
"Eager as they were to meet the enemy, they
did not know when they arrived the enormity
of his crimes. That they might know how
the German armies make war it has been
necessary that they see towns systematically
burned down, mines flooded, factories reduced
to ashes, orchards devastated, cathedrals
shelled and fired — all that deliberated savagery
aimed to destroy, national wealth, nature and
beauty, which the imagination could not con-
ceive at a distance from the men and things
that have endured it and to-day bear witness
to it."
President Wilson's Reply.
"Mr. President: I am deeply indebted to you
for your gracious greeting. It is very de-
lightful to find myself in France and to feel
the auick contact of sympathy and unaffected
friendship between the representatives of the
United States and the representatives of
France.
"You have been very generous in what you
were pleased to say about myself, but I feel
that what I h,ave said and what I have tried
to do have been said and done only in an
attempt to speak the thought of the people
of the United States truly and to carry that
thought out in action.
"From the first the thought of the "people
of the United States turned toward something
more than the mere winning of this war. It
turned to the establishment of eternal princi-
ples of right and justice. It realized that
merely to win the war was not enough; that
it must be won in such a way and the Ques-
tions raised by it settled in such a way as
to insure the future peace of the world and
lay the foundations for the freedom and hap-
piness of its many peoples and nations.
"Never before has war worn so terrible a
visage or exhibited more grossly the debasing
influence of illicit ambitions. I am sure that
I shall look upon the ruin wrought by the
armies ol the central empires with the s.ame
repulsion and deep indignation that they stir in
the hearts of the men of France and Belgium
and I appreciate as you do, sir. the necessity
of such action in the final settlement of the
issues of the war as not only will rebuke such
acts of terror and spoliation, but make men
everywhere aware that they cannot be ven-
tured upon without the certainty of just Pun-
ishment.
"I know with what ardor and enthusiasm
the soldiers and sailors of the United States
have given the best that was in them in this
war of redemption. They have expressed the
true spirit of America. They believe their
ideals to be acceptable to free peoples every-
where and are rejoiced to have played the part
they have played in giving reality to those
ideals in co-operation with the armies of the
allies.
"We are proud of the part they have played
and we are happy that they should have been
associated with such comrades in a common
cause.
"It is with peculiar feeling. Mr. President,
that I find myself in France, joining with you
in rejoicing over the victory that has been
won. The ties that bind France and the
United States are peculiarly close. I do not
know in what other comradeship we could
have fought with more zest or enthusiasm.
"It will daily be a matter of pleasure with
me to be brought into consultation with the
statesmen of France and her allies in concert-
ing the measures by which we may secure
permanence for these happy relations of
friendship and co-operation and secure for the
world at large such safety and freedom in
its life as can be secured only by the con-
stant association and co-operation of friends.
"I greet you, not only with deep personal
respect, but as the representative of the great
people of France, and beg to bring you the
greetings of another great people to whom the
fortunes of France are of profound and last-
ing interest.
"I raise my glass to the health of the presi-
dent of the French republic and to Mme. Poin-
care and the prosperity of France."
Response to Socialist Address.
Replying to a delegation of socialists who
called on him and presented an address. Presi-
dent Wilson said:
"Gentlemen: I received with great interest
the address which you have just read to me.
The war through which we have just passed
has illustrated in a way which never can
be forgotten the extraordinary wrongs which
can be perpetrated by arbitrary and irrespon-
sible power.
"It is not possible to secure the happiness
and prosperity of the world, to establish an
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
669
enduring- peace, unless the repetition of such
wrongs is made impossible. This has indeed
been a people's war. It has been waged
against absolutism and militarism, and these
enemies of liberty must from this time forth
be shut out from the possibility of working
their cruel will upon mankind.
"In my judgment it is not sufficient to es-
tablish this principle. It is necessary that
it should be supported by a co-operation of
the nations which shall be based upon fixed
and definitive covenants and which shall be
made certain of effective action through the
instrumentality of a league of nations. I
believe this to be the conviction of all
thoughtful and liberal men.
"I am confident that this is the thougm
of those who lead your own great nation, and
I am looking- forward with peculiar, pleasure
to co-operating1 with them in securing- guar-
anties of a lasting1 peace of justice and right
dealing- which shall justify the sacrifices of
this war and cause men to look back upon
those sacrifices as upon the dramatic and
final processes of their emancipation."
"Citizen of Paris."
On the day before hia arrival in Paris the
municipal council of that city revived an old
custom by passing- unanimously a resolution
conferring- upon President Wilson the title of
"citizen of Paris." The resolution said '"
part:
"We wish to express pur b-omag-e and grati-
tude to the great -president who, for justice
and rigrht, placed America by the side of the
free peoples ag-ainst Germanic oppression, and
rendered possible the magnificent triumph
which we have witnessed."
Councilor Gent, who moved the resolution,
explained that it was formerly the custom to
confer honorary citizenship of the city upon
those who had given distinguished service
not only to Paris but to the entire coun-
try. He pointed out that at the time of the
French revolution the title had been con-
ferred on British, Italian and American, per-
"But 'what the president will particularly
appreciate," said M, Gent, "is that one of
those to whom Pans paid the same tribute
that it is io.-day paying- him was the great
George Washington.
"The thought that moved me to make this
proposal arose from a desire to pay a trib-
ute of gratitude and admiration to the great
statesman who has framed in imperishable
language the conditions of the future peace
and of the life of nations."
Preliminary Steps.
Even before President Wilson left America
a number of thing's relating- to the coming-
peace conference had been decided by the
allies. The first was that the meeting's should
be held in Versailles and Paris. Various other
places had been suggested, such as The Hag-ue,
but it was felt that as the war had been car-
ried on chiefly from the French capital and
Versailles, where the supreme war council
field its sessions, the final acts in the drama
should also take place there. The number
of delegates to be chosen and various other
matters were determined. These were mostly
of a routine character and did not relate to
vital issues.
Conference in London.
The most important preliminary conference
was that held in London on Dec. 2 and 3. It
was attended by representatives of the British
g-overnment. Premier Clemeneeau and Marshal
Foch, representing France, and Premier Or-
lando and Foreign Minister Baron Sonnino,
representing- Italy. Col. E. M. House, who
was to have represented the United States,
was detained in Paris by illness. The con-
ferences were held in the foreign ministry's
offices in Downing- street and were behind
closed doors. Most of the business was
transacted on Dec. 3. when there were four
meeting's. At 10:30 o'clock there was a
meeting- of the imperial war cabinet, at which
Premier Hughes of Australia. Gen. Smuts and
other representatives of the dominions were
present. At 11:15 this cabinet meeting- be-
came merged in a general conference, at which
all the foreign delegations were present. At
4 o'clock the premier had a conference with
the French and Italian delegations and at
6:30 there was again a lull conferense, at
which the foreign representatives were pres-
ent, with the members of the cabinet, in-
cluding- the dominion representatives, and also
Arthur J. Balfour, Winston Churchill. Walter
Long1 and. Lord Milner.
The object of the conference was to discuss
matters of common interest, and also to ex-
change ideas with regard to the territorial
aspirations of France and Italy. In the former
category were:
1. Extension of the armistice.
2. The date of the opening- of the peace
congress and the number of delegates to be
sent to it by the principal powers.
3. Amount and nature of the indemnities
to be demanded from Germany and what was
once Austria-Hungary.
4. Replacement by Germany of merchant
shipping- destroyed during the war.
5. The future of the German colonies.
6. The position of the Poles, newly emanci-
pated Bohemia, the southern Slavs and other
liberated nationalities.
7. Demand on Holland for the extradition
of the ex-kaiser.
Allies in Agreement.
No official report of the conference was is-
sued beyond a recital of the names of those
attending- it and a statement that Col. E. M. •
House of the American peace delegation was
prevented by illness from attending. It was
made clear, however, that the delegates were
all in agreement with the policy of Premier
Lloyd GeorgB as to compelling Germany to
ray to the limit of her capacity. The allied
representatives were also agreed on the propo-
sition of bringing- to trial those responsible for
outrages on humanity during- the war. In a
speech made after the conference Andrew Bo-
ris r Law, chancellor of the exchequer, con-
firmed the statement that the British govern-
ment had decided to impress upon the allies
as strongly as possible that the surrender of
Former Emperor William should be demanded
and that he should stand his trial.
The chancellor also announced that the gov-
ernment had appointed a committee to ex-
amine scientifically into the question of how
much, the enemy would be able to pay. The
government would propose such procedure to
the allies, and he believed it would be adopted.
An interallied committee would then inquire
into the whole question and decide what
amount was obtainable. Steps would be taken
to secure its payment.
On his return to Paris from London Premier
Clemenceau said that there was complete
agreement between the allies on all questions,
particularly that concerning- the former Ger-
man emperor. He expressed deep satisfaction
over the important results obtained at the
conference.
Huge Indemnities Claimed.
In November and December, 1918, in con-
sidering- the claims to be laid before the
peace conference for damages inflicted by
Germany in the world war, some hug-e sums
were named. On Nov. 16 the Paris Matin
estimated the damage to France at $68 000 -
000,000. The paper apportioned the debt as
follows: Return of the indemnity of 1871
with interest. $12.000.000.000; expenses in
the world war. $28,000,000,000; pensions.
88,000.000.000, and reparation for damag-es.
$::o, ooo. 000.000.
The Matin said that France must secure ac-
knowledgment of the debt before examining-
the way in which it was to be paid. France
wanted no indemnity profit, but all French-
men wanted lawful reparation.
Germany and Austria, it added, should re-
turn to the allies a minimum of 7,000,000
tons of shipping in payment for that de-
stroyed in the war, but as they had at their
670
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 191&.
disposal only 3.000.000 tons, the delivery ol
the entire German- Austrian merchant marine
would constitute only hall reparation.
British Estimate.
According1 to the London Daily Mail, Great
Britain would demand £8,000,000.000 ($40,-
000,000.000) lor Great Britain and her
dominions as reparation lor the war. This,
tne Daily Mail added, is what the war cost
Great Britain and her dominions and British
taxpayers would be relieved ol £400,000,000
(83. 000,000.000) a year hy the German pay-
ment.
The British claim, said the Daily Mail, had
been prepared by a committee under Sir Sam
hughes, the Australian premier, and Baron
Cunliffe. lonnerly governor ol the Bank ol
England, who was one ol the principal mem-
bers ol the committee.
At a meeting held in Bristol. England. Dec.
11 Premier David Lloyd George said that the
war bill of the allies was $120.000,000,000.
The cost of the war to Great Britain, he said,
was $40.000,000,000. Before the war the e»-
timated wealth ol Germany, the premier said,
was between $75,000,000,000 and $100,000.-
000.000. So. Q the whole wealth of Germany
were taken there would not be enough to pay
the account. Therefore he had used the
words: "Germany should pay to the utmost
limit ol her capacity."
Belgian Estimate.
The central industrial committee of Belgium,
after an investigation, estimated Belgium's
damage through German military occupation
and seizures of machinery and raw material at
6.000.660.000 Irancs (about $1.200,112.000).
Britain Insists on Naval Supremacy.
In a speech delivered in Dundee, Scotland,
Dec. 4. 1918. Winston Spencer Churchill, the
British minister of munitions, said:
"We enter the peace conference with the ab-
solute determination that no limitation shall
be imposed on our right to maintain our
naval delense. We do not intend, no matter
what arguments and appeals are addressed to
us, to lend ourselves in any way to any let*
teriug restrictions which will prevent the
British navy maintaining its well tried and
well deserved supremacy. '
Premier Lloyd George at an overflow meet-
ing in Bristol Dec. 4 said that Britain would
be guilty ol a great lolly il she gave UP her
navy. "Wherever the request comes from."
he said, "we are not going to give up the pro-
tection ol the navy, so far as Great Britain
is concerned. Our navy is a defensive weapon
and not an offensive one. and that is why we
do not mean to give it up. We have kept
these islands free from invasion for centuries,
and we mean to take no risk in the future."
* Delegates to Peace Conference.
No complete list ol the official representa-
tives ol the various belligerent and neutral
nations and ol newly created nations was
available at the time this record was closed.
Those representing the United States have al-
ready been named— President Wilson. Secretary
ol State Robert Lansing, Henry White. Col. E.
M. House and Gen. Tasker H. Bliss. Great
Britain. Trance and Italy, it was announced,
would be represented by their prime and lor-
eign ministers, assisted by other diplomats and
b.v military leaders.
The Marquis Kinmochi Saionji, lormer pre-
mier; Baron Nobuaki Makino, member ol the
privy council and former foreign minister:
Viscount Sutami Chanda. ambassador to Eng-
land, and Baron Keishiro Matsui. ambassador
to France, were selected as Japan's plenipo-
tentiaries to the peace congress.
Lu Cheng-hsiang was selected to head China's
delegation to the peace conference. He waa
accompanied by a party of fifteen, including
a Belgian. M Decoot. who was to act in an
advisory capacity.
Labor Conference.
The following were chosen in November.
1918. to represent the American Federation ol
Labor at an international labor conference to
be held in Paris at the time ol the peace
congress :
Samuel Gomperg. president ol the lederation.
William Green, secretary -treasurer ol tha
United Mine Workers.
John R. Alpine, president of the plumbers.
James Duncan, president of the International
Association of Granite Cutters.
Frank Duffy, secretary of the United Broth-
erhood of Carpenters and Joiners.
Frank Morrison, secretary of the lederation.
said the purpose of the international confer-
ence is to consider and help in peace dis-
cussion and to establish a new international
trade union federation."
The executive council of the lederation. he
said, .would issue invitations to the trade
organizations of all nations to participate and
he said representatives from all the principal
nations were expected to attend.
Although Mr. Morrison declined to discuss
the matter, it was understood that the confer-
ence proposed to make its information and
views available to the peace delegates, who
might, il they saw fit, consult unofficially
with the conference or with the individual
delegations composing it. on matters in which
labor is vitally concerned.
Out ol the Paris conference labor leaders
expect will come the establishment of an
international federation of labor with sub-
sidiaries in every mercantile and manufactur-
ing country in the world, which will unite
workers of the globe in the same manner aa
the American and Canadian workmen are
united in the American federation.
Plan for League of Nations.
The official journal of the Danish govern-
ment published the following1 statement Dec.
"The committees appointed by the cabinets
of Sweden, Denmark and Norway to formulate
a plan for a league of nations have held a
series ol meetings in Copenhagen and agreed
on a detailed proposal lor such a possible
organization.
"This proposal embraces especially the gen-
eral obligation to subject disputes between
states to arbitration, the establishment ol an
international council, a permanent international
court ol justice, international institutions of
investigation and arbitration and the perma-
nent organization of peace conferences or con-
ferences on international law at The Hague."
Lays Wreath on Lafayette' a Tomb.
On Sunday, Dec. 15, President Wilson drove
to the Picpus cemetery and laid a wreath on
the tomb of Lafayette. To it he attached hia
personal card bearing this inscription:
"In memory of the great Lafayette, from a
fellow servant ol liberty."
Entirely unannounced, the president arrived
at the cemetery, where the amazed aged gate-
keeper was almost too flustered to unlock the
gates when he learned who his caller was. The
news ol the president's visit spread rapidly to
the convent near by and as he lelt he passed
through lines ol aged nuns, who came out to
pay their respects to the American chief execu-
tive.
Reception at City Hall.
On Monday, afternoon, Dec. 16, President
Poincare went to the Murat residence and con-
ducted President and Mrs. Wilson to the city
hall, where a luncheon was served and ad-
dresses were made. In addressing President
Wilson. Adrien Mithouard, president ol the
municipal council ol Paris, said:
"Mr. President: I have the honor. In the
presence ol the president ol the republic, to
present to you the municipal council ol Paris,
whose interpreter I am in welcoming the chief
of the great nation whose aid. arrivinsr so op-
portunely, brought us victory, and the upright
man whose conscience fashioned his policy and
whose diplomacy was made ol loyalty."
Turning to Mrs. Wilson. M. Mithouard said:
"Madame, Paris is infinitely happy and i"
touched that you. who have accompanied the
president, have been good enough to add to
this occasion the charm and the grace of your
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
671
presence. We have lone been aware of your
devotion and of the wise and beneficent activ-
ity you have shown by the siue ol your il-
lustrious husband. Yet nothing- touches so
much the heart of the people of Paris as to
be permitted to know those who have already
conquered by their goodness. Thus Paris, by
my voice, acclaims you and lays at your feet,
madame, the homage of its gratitude and its
respect."
Finally, speaking again to President Wilson,
M. Mithouard said:
"Mr. President, it is with deep emotion that
the capital welcomes to-day the first president
of the United States who has crossed the
ocean, and our city hall, the cradle of French
liberty, will mark in its annals the day on
which it was permitted to receive the emi-
nent statesman of the union, the citizen of the
world — dare we say the great European? —
whose voice, heard before the coming of vic-
tory, called to life the oppressed among the
nations.
"During' weary months our soldiers have
fought with stoic resolution in defense of the
soil of their forbears and • the land of their
children. So vast was the field of battle, so
great was the issue at stake, so bitter and so
bard was the struggle, that only after the
passage of time did it seem possible that the
grandeur of their accomplishment could clearly
show forth. Yet your distance from the thea-
ter of war has allowed you to see while yet
they lived the greatness of the monument
they were building.
"From the other side ol the world you have
spoken in advance of the judgment of history.
What a source of strength was it for these
fighters suddenly to hear your voice, in its
distant authority resembling the voice ol pos-
terity; what joy to welcome those new broth-
era in arms hastening- with ardor to claim at
the critical hour their place upon the field
of battle: what comfort for them to feel
that they were henceforth arrayed with the
glorious army of Gen. Pershing, the victor of
the Argonne!"
Address by Prefect of the Seine.
M. Autrand. prefect -of the Seine, said in
part:
"Mr. President, a day memorable beyond all
is that on which lor the first time a chief
of the great American republic crosses the
threshold of our hotel de ville.
"How many things seemed to hold you apart
from the dreadful conflict I Your intellectual
training' as lawyer, historian and thinker: that
peaceful life of study in which, to use your
^wn phrase, you had known no other labora-
tory than the world of books, the traditions
of the country which had elected you to guide
p.nd direct it : the admirable- larewell message
of Washington warning his successors in power
against any such participation as might break
out in Europe.
"Well might Germany believe that you would
remain the prisoner of these noble Iqrmulre.
But her lawless militarism, multiplying- its
crimes aeainst the rights of man. was to force
the nation pre-eminently pacifist to draw the
sword Irom the scabbard.
"When the measure ol black deeds ran full
you sounded the call to arms. And by the
miracle of your burning- speech, by the as-
cendancy of your indignant conscience and
your sovereign philosophy you drew 100.000.-
000 of men to devote themselves, soul and
body, to the triumph of liberty over tyranny
and of justice over error and iniquity."
Mr. Wilson's Replv-
Replying- to the greetings extended to him
the president said:
"Your greeting has raised many emotions
within me. It is with no ordinary sympathy
that the,tf>eople of the United States, for whom
1 have the privilege of speaking, have viewed
the sufferings of the people of France. Many
ol our own people have been themselves wit-
nesses ol those sufferings. We were the more
deeply moved by the wrongs ol the war be-
cause we knew the manner in which they were
perpetrated.
"I beg that you will not suppose that be-
cause a wide ocean separated us in space we
were not in effect eyewitnesses ol the shame-
lul ruin that was wrought and the cruel tud
unnecessary sufferings that were brought upon
you. These sufferings have filled our hearts
with indignation. We know wliat tney w rj
not only, but we know what they signified,
and our hearts were touched to the Quick
by them, our imaginations filled with the
whole picture of what France and Belgium
in particular had experienced.
"When the United States entered the war.
therefore, they entered it not only because
they were moved by a conviction that the
purposes of the central empires were wrong
and must be resisted by men everywhere who
loved liberty and the right, but also because
the illicit ambitions which they were ent.r-
taining and attempting- to realize had led to
the practices which shocked our hearts as
much aa they offended our principles.
"Our resolution was formed because we
knew how profoundly great principles of right
were affected, but our hearts moved also with
our resolution.
"You have been exceedingly generous in
what you have been gracious enough to say
about me. generous lar beyond my personal
deserts, but you have interpreted with real
insight the motives and resolution ol the peo-
ple ol the United States. Whatever influence
I exercise, whatever authority I speak with. I
derive from them. I know what they have
thought. I know what they have desired, and
when I have spoken what I know was in
their minds it has been delightful to see how
the consciences and purposes ol free men
everywhere responded.
"We have merely established our right to
the full fellowship of those peoples here and
throughout the world who reverence the right
of genuine liberty and justice.
"You have made us feel very much at home
here, not merely by the delightful warmth of
your welcome but also by the manner in which
you have made me realize to the utmost the
intimate community ol thought and ideal
which characterizes your people and the great
nation which I have the honor lor the time
to represent.
"Your welcome to Paris I shall always re-
member as one ol the unique and inspiring
experiences ,ol my life, and while I leel that
you are honoring' the people ol the United
States in my person. I shall nevertheless carry
away with me a very keen personal gratifica-
tion in looking back upon these memorable
days.
"Permit me to thank you Irom a lull
heart."
ROUMANIAN CELEBRATION.
Roumanian celebration of the greatest day
(Dec. 1) in the history oi that country was
recorded in a report from Jacsy received by
the state department Dec. 14. 1918. The king-
and queen re-entered Bukharest at the head
ol the Roumanian and allied armies, accom-
panied by Gen. Berthellot. the diplomatic
corps, - with the chief militatry and civil offi-
cers, who met the king1 and queen at the en-
trance to the city. The troops were reviewed
by the royal and diplomatic party. There were
thousands in the parade, and the enthusiasm
•vas great. After the parade the kinar and
queen, together with the royal family, diplo-
mats and chief military and civil officers, at-
tended divine service at the cathedral.
A banquet was given by the kins' during
the evening, with chief officers ol the Rouma-
nian and allied armies and the principal civil
officers as the gneets. The king- made, a
speech, thanking the allies lor their services
to Roumania, expressing- the gratification of
his government that Roumania would be en-
larged and that all the peoples ol Roumanian
race would at last come together.
672
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
JUSTICE DEMANDED BY LLOYD GEORGE.
David Lloyd George, the British prime min-
ister, outlined Britain's peace policies in an
address at Newcastle, Nov. 29, 1918. It was
not a program of vengeance or retribution,
but of justice and prevention of a recurrence
of the world disaster. The guilty must be
punished and those to whom this punishment
must be meted out were:
Those responsible for the war.
Those who took part in or ordered the sub-
marine piracy.
Those who were responsible for the mis-
treatment of the prisoners of war.
Those who outraged international law and
devastated the lands of another.
Those who, while living- as friends in Eng-
land, plotted to aid the kaiser.
Germany must make reparation to the full
for the damage which was done to the invad-
ed countries. This payment must be up to
the limit of her capacities.
Dealing with the question of the responsibil-
ity for the invasion of Belgium Mr. Lloyd
George said the British government had con-
sulted some of the greatest jurists of the king-
dom and that they unanimously had arrived
at the conclusion that in their judgment the
former German emperor -was guilty of an in-
dictable offense for which he ought to be held
responsible.
In the discussion of the payment by Ger-
many Mr. Lloyd George gave a hint of the
possibility of the abandonment of free trade,
for years the chief plank in the British trade
relations. He announced that whatever hap-
pened Germany "must not be allowed to pay
the indemnity by dumping- cheap goods on us."
Asked "What about free trade?" the pre-
mier added:
"I am prepared to examine every problem,
to cast aside any prejudices or preconceived
ideas and examine them purely upon the facts
as the war has revealed them to us."
Mr. Lloyd George said the victory of the en-
tente allies had been due to the ceaseless valor
of their men and that it would • be a lesson
to anybody who in the future thought that
they, as the Prussian war lords hoped, "could
overlook this little island in their reckoning."
"We are now approaching the peace con-
ference," the premier continued. "The price
of victory is not vengeance nor retribution. It
is prevention. First of all, what about those
people whom we have received without ques-
tion for years to our shores; to whom we
grave equal rights with our own sons and
daughters, and who abused that hospitality to
betray the land, to plot against security, to
spy upon it, and to grain such information as
enabled the Prussian war lords to inflict not
punishment but damage and injury on the land
that had received them as guests? Never
again!"
Mr. Lloyd George said the interests of se-
curity and fair play demanded that it should
be made perfectly, clear that the people who
acted in this way merited punishment for
the damage they had inflicted.
The second question was the question of
indemnities, the premier added. In every court
of justice throughout the world the party
which lost has had to bear the cost of the
litigation. When Germany defeated France
she established the principle, and there was
no doubt that the principle was the right
one, Germany must pay the cost of the war
up to the limit of her capacity. x
"But I must use one word of warning,"
Mr. Lloyd George added. "We have to con-
sider the question of Germany's capacity.
Whatever happens,' Germany is not to be al-
lowed to pay her indemnity by dumping cheap
goods upon us. That is the only limit in
principle we are laying down. She must not
be allowed to pay for her wanton damage and
devastation by dumping cheap goods and
wrecking our industries.
"There is a third and last point. Is no one
to be made responsible for the wir? Some-
body has been responsible for a war that has
taken the lives of millions of the best young
men of Europe. Is not any one to be made
responsible for that? If not, all I can say is
that if that is the case there is one jus-
tice for the poor, wretched criminal and an-
other for kings and emperors."
Mr. Lloyd George declared that there were
two offenses against the law of nations that
had been committed.
"One," he said, "is the crime against hu-
manity in the deliberate plotting of the great
war. The other is the outrage on interna-
tional law. It is a crime, a brutal crime, to
devastate the lands of another. Whoever did
that ought to be responsible for it.
"The submarine warfare did not mean only
the sinking of ships but it was a crime
against humanity in that it sank thousands of
harmless merchantmen. In the whole history
of warfare between nations that had never
been sanctioned. It is rank piracy and the
pirates must receive the punishment.
"I mean to see that the men who did not
treat our prisoners with humanity are to be
made responsible. I want this country to go
to court with a clean conscience, and she will
do so. There is not a stain on her record.
We will not be afraid to appear before any
tribunal.
"Now these are the things which we have
to investigate. We mean that the investiga-
tion shall be an impartial one, a perfectly
fair one. We also mean that it shall be a
stern one, and that it shall go on to the final
reckoning.
"We have got so to act now that men in
the future who feel tempted to follow the ex-
ample of the rulers who plunged the world
into this war will know what is awaiting them
at the end of it.
"We shall have to see that this terrible war,
which has inflicted so much destruction on the
world: which has arrested the course of civil-
ization and in many ways put it back: which
has left marks on the minds, upon the phy-
sique, and the hearts of myriads in many
lands that this generation will not see oblit-
erated— we must see by the action we take
now. just, fearless, and relentless, that it is
a crime that shall never again be repeated
in the history of the world."
ITALIA IRREDENTA.
[From official War Encyclopedia.l
"Italia irredenta" means unredeemed Italy.
After 1861, when the present kingdom of Italy
was established, the papal states. Venetia, the
district around Trieste, and the district around
Trent were still — although inhabited mainly or
in part by Italians — not parts of the kingdom.
Venetia and the papal states were annexed in
1866 and 1870. This process of winning Italy
from foreign control came to be called re-
deeming Italy, and after 1870 the term "Italia
irredenta" was applied to Trieste and the Tren-
tino, these being territories still "unredeemed."
Popular secret societies, whose object was to
advocate the winning back of unredeemed
Italy, were formed shortly after the congress
of Berlin (1878), from which the Italian rep-
resentative returned with "clean" but empty
hands. Advocates of this policy were called
irredentists, and the policy itself was known
as irredentism. Irredentism declined after
Italy joined Austria and Germany in the triple
alliance (1882). but has steadily gained in
force since 1908. when Austria, backed by
Germany, annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
without consulting Italy, and contrary to her
interests and in violation of the treaty of Ber-
lin (1878).
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
673
MORE BERNSTORFF PROPAGANDA.
In order that a complete file of the corre-
spondence on the subject might, be published
the department of state in Washington on Dec.
7. 1918, issued the following1 copies of tele-
grams relating- to Count Bernstorff. the former
German ambassador to the United States, and
his activities in pro-German propaganda in
this country. The following1 telegrams are
from Bernstorff. except where otherwise indi-
ca ted :
Dispatch from Washington to Berlin Nov.
1. 1916:
"As you will have learned from my previous
reports, we have, since the Lusitania case,
endeavored to wind up all the so-called Ger-
man propaganda, and especially to get rid of
all dubious individuals. I can now say with
a good conscience that we are no longer com-
promised. Some of the old affairs still hang
on. but are more or less settled, although they
will cause some further expenditure.
"At the beginning: of the war many things
were undertaken by the Dernburg propaganda
which would never have been undertaken if
we could have seen that the war would be so
long1, because nothing- can for long- be kept
secret in America. Since the Lusitania case
we have strictly cqnfined ourselves to such
propaganda as cannot hurt us if it becomes
known. The sole exception is, perhaps, the
peace propaganda, which has cost the largest
amount, but which also has been the most
successful.
"Latterly I have been using1 the Embargo
association and some entirely reliable private
intermediaries. I have also made use of the
German University league, founded since the
war. This has done its best to take the place
of the German association, which has been of
no use during the war on account of its man-
agement. The league has published under my
collaboration an excellent collection of reports
on the war, which will be of great service to
our cause. The support which I have already
given the league is entered in the first quar-
ter's account for 1916. item No. 208. On the
occasion of later installments to them I will
refer to this report.
"I ask that this may be sanctioned.
"BERNSTORFF."
English translation of a telegram from Bern-
storff through Buenos Aires and Stockholm to
the German foreign office, dated June 2, 1916:
"No. 45 A. June 2, 1916. In conformity
with your excellency's wish, I suggest that
the present is a favorable time to gret Hearst
to send a first rate journalist to Berlin. The
man selected, W. B. Hale, has been, as your
excellency knows, since the beginning1 of the
war a confidential, agent of the embassy and
as such he has been bound by contract un-
til June 23. 1918. In making_this arrange-
ment the main idea was that Hale would oe
the most suitable man to start the reor-
ganization of the news service after peace
on the rig-ht lines. I request that full con-
fidence may be accorded to Hale, who will
bring with him a letter of recommendation
from me to Dr. Hamman. Hearst is not
aware that Hale is our agent, but knows
him only as a Germanophile journalist who
has contributed leading1 articles to his papers,"
Enerlish translation of a telegram from Bern-
storff Jbrough Buenos Aires and Stockholm
to the German foreign office, date June 5,
1936:
"No. 46, June 6, 1916. in continuance of
previous .telegram. As Hale tells me and
Hearst confirms, the latter is rather* hurt that
on Wiegand's account the World gets all the
important Berlin interviews. I recommend
that under suitable circumstances Hale should,
for obvious reasons, be given preference, as
Hearst's organs have during the course of
the war always placed themselves outspokenly
on our side."
English translation of a telegram from Von
Jagow. sent through Stockholm and Buenos
Aireg to Bernstorff on Jan. 31, 1916:
"Klaessie's wireless telegrams are much too
lone and give the impression of being1 too
much one sided, a thine which absolutely must
be avoided."
English translation of a cipher dispatch
from Bernstorff to the foreign office, dated
Feb. 2. 1917:
"A 61. The director of the press bureau.
Dr. Fuhr, has been paid $20,000 from the
embassy fund as advance for his press ex-
penses. The press bureau will send in a
statement as to the expenditure and the sum
will be entered in tha fourth quarter o<f the
embassy accounts."
_ "A 62. In continuation of report A 349 of
24th August, 1915.
"As your excellency is aware, I have used
the intermediary of the New York representa-
tive of the Wolff Agency, Herr Klaessig, in
order to send telegraphic reports to you. These
telegrams intended for you are. indicated by
the fact that they do not begin by naming1
the day of the week.
"In order that the reports shall not excite
attention it has been necessary in many
cases to disguise them in the form of press
extracts or put into the mouth of members of
congress when, in reality, they are not in-
tended to be merely the expression of some
individual opinion, but as being1 views whi;h.
in my opinion, are important for the direction
of our foreign policy and for a proper compre-
hension of the local situation.'f
English translation of a telegram from Ber-
lin to Washing-ton via Stockholm and Buenos
Aires, dated Sept. 16, 1916:
"The reports of the Wolff «bureau agent are
rightly criticized by a part of the German
press as one sided, as he has reported for
some time nothing1 but indignation against
English encroachment which nobody here
takes seriously.
, "As the matter will probably be taken up
in the reichstag more unbiased reports seem
to be urgently desirable.
"Please advise Klaessig1 in this sense."
English translation of a cipher letter from
Bernstorff to the foreign office. Berlin, dated
"in the official accounts for the first and
second quarter of 1916 will be found entries
of payments to Mr. Theodore Elowe. As to
this I have to report that this gentleman is
of German origin, and married to a German
lady. He offered us his services, as he
founded a weekly paper in Washington, the
National Courier. This offer came at the
time when we were deploring- the death of
Mr. John R. MoLean. This latter had given
nis newspaper an entirely anti-English char-
acter, so that his death left a great gap which
the National Courier can unfortunately never
hope to fill. The Washington Post has since
been fairly neutral, but may be entirely lost
to us if it cannot, as is very desirable, be put
into the hands of Mr. Hearst.
"As to the value of weekly papers in gen-
eral, there are here very different views. Mr.
Bayard Hale wishes me to propose to you the
founding- of a first class weekly, whereas I in
my report No. 412 recommended the starting1
of a monthly. Personally I think it entire-
ly depends upon whether we make a happy
choice in respect of the editor. In this re-
spect we have had a very unfortunate experi-
ence with the Times Mail. Only the future
can show whether we shall have better luck
with Mr. Huntingdon Wright and Mr. T.
Elowe. In either case the expenses already
incurred, or to be incurred, are insignificant.
Moreover, we could only grant them in order
to help the publications in question over the
difficult initial period. A permanent support
has neither been promised nor asked for. The
fact of an American newspaper .being- sub-
sidized can never be kept secret, because there
is no reticence in this country. It always
ends in my being- held responsible for all the
articles of any such newspaper. This is par-
ticularly undesirable when, as now. we are
in an electoral campaign of the bitterest char-
acter, which is turning largely upon foreign
policy.
"I have therefore with much satisfaction
074
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
to myself at last succeeded in getting: out of
all relations with Fair Play of Mr. Marcus
Braun. I should also be glad to be free from
the Fatherland, which has shown itself to be
of little value.
"It is particularly difficult in a hostile coun-
try to find suitable persons for help of this
sort, and to this, as well as the Lusitania
case, we may attribute the shipwreck of the
German propaganda initiated' by Heir Dern-
burg. liow that opinion is somewhat im-
proved in our favor, and that we are no
longer ostracized, we can take the work UP
again. As I have said before, our success
depends entirely upon finding- the suitable peo-
ple. We can then leave to them whether they
will start a daily, weekly or a monthly, and
the sort of support to be given. In my opin-
ion, we should always observe the principle
that either a representative of purs should
buy the paper, or that the proprietor should
be secured to us by continuous support. The
latter course has been followed by the English
in respect of the New York . and our ene-
mies have spent here large sums in this man-
ner. All the same. I do not think that they
pay regular subsidies. At least. I never heard
of such. This form of payment is moreover
inadvisable, because one can never get free of
the recipients. They all wish to become
permanent pensioners of the empire, and if
they fail in that, they try to blackmail us.
"I, therefore, request your excellency to
sanction the payment in Question."
English translation of a telegram from
Bernstorff to the foreign office. Berlin, through
Buenos Aires and Stockholm, dated Nov. 2.
1916:
"I request by return, telegraphic authority
for payment of $50,000 to establish a first
class monthly magazine."
LIBERATION OF BELGIUM.
Scenes of enthusiasm marked the reoccupa-
tion of the whole of Belgium by King Albert
and his troops from the time Bruges. Ostend
and Ghent were freed as the result of heroic
fighting- by the Belgian armies and their allies
until Brussels, Antwerp, Liege and the rest of
the country was evacuated by the Germans.
In each of the larger towns at the time of
the entry of the king and his soldiers the
inhabitants sought in every way imaginable to
show their delight at the restoration of the
old regime and their liberation from the hated
enemy who had oppressed them for lour years
and more.
The state entry into Antwerp -was made on
Nov. 20 and into Brussels on the 21st. On
the occasion of his formal return to his cap-
ital King Albert received the following mes-
sage from President Wilson:
"The White House, Nov. 21. 1918.— His
Majesty King Albert of Belgium, Brussels:
At the moment that you re-enter Brussels at
the head of your victorious army, may I not
express the great joy that it gives to me and
to the American people to hail your return
to your capital, marking your final triumph
in this war, which has cost your nation so
much suffering but from which it will arise
in new strength to a higher destiny.
"WOODROW WILSON."
Having been received enthusiastically by the
inhabitants of his redeemed capital. King Al-
bert made an important speech from the
throne in parliament—his first utterance in the
capital since almost the beginning of the war.
Near the throne stood Gen. Pershing, repre-
senting the American army; Gen. Plummer of
the British army, and other generals. The
chamber was filled with members, and in the
galleries was the diplomatic corps, including
Brand Whitlock, the American minister, who
had returned to his post in Brussels.
One of the most vital points in the king's
address dealt with the question of suffrage for
Belgium. In this connection he said: "The
government proposes to the chamber to lower,
by patriotic agreement, the ancient barriers
and to make the consultation of the nation
a reality on the basis of equal suffrage lor
all men of the mature age required for the
exercise of civil rights."
This statement aroused a storm of applause
from all of the members. Referring to the
Flemish question. King Albert said:
"The necessity of a fruitful union demands
the sincere collaboration of all citizens of the
same country without distinction of origin
or language. In this domain of language the
strictest equality and the most absolute jus-
tice will decide over the elaboration of proj-
ects which the government will submit to the
national representatives.
"A reciprocal respect for the interests of
the Flemings and the Walloons ought to be
an integral principle of the administration and
should give to each the certainty of being
understood when he speaks his own language
and assure to him his lull intellectual develop-
ment, especially higher education."
In regard to the future status of Belgium,
he declared:
"Belgium, victorious and freed from the
neutrality that was imposed upon her by
states which have been shattered to their
foundation by war, will enjoy complete inde-
pendence. Belgium, re-established in all it9
rights, will rule its destinies according to its
aspirations and in lull sovereignty."
In speaking of the manner in which the
war had been brought to a successful con-
clusion. King Albert referred with gratitude
to the great efforts of all the entente coun-
tries and of the United States, "a new and
stalwart ally which added the weight of her
effort, so great and enthusiastic, to that of
the other nations and caused our formidable
adversary to totter."
Near the close of his address the king paid
a further glowing tribute to the entente na-
tions and made a striking reference to Amer-
ica, which, he declared, had saved Belgium
from famine.
The scene in the parliament chamber was
impressive. Grouped about the throne as
the king entered were Cardinal Mercier in his
crimson robes, Burgomaster Max, Gen. Leman
the defender of Liege, and Prince Albert of
Great Britain. Queen Elizabeth with the
princess and princes had preceded the king
to the throne. As King Albert entered he
passed in front of Cardinal Mercier. Burgo-
master Max and Gen. Leman, and shook
each of them warmly by the hand.
After the ceremonies in the chamber the
king held an official reception to the diplo-
mats and city officials at the city hall. Here
Minister Whitlock had a touching meeting
with Burgomaster Max. whom he had not
seen since his arrest and deportation to Ger-
many. The burgomaster was quite overcome
with emotion.
CHRISTMAS PACKAGES BY THE MILLION.
Chief of Staff Gen. March said Dec. 14, 1918:
"We have cleared up during the week the
question of Christmas packages for France
The steamship Maui, with 20.000 sacks, and
the Pocahontas, which sailed on the 8th with
12.000 sacks, completed a shipment of six
ships, carrying 96,000 sacks, which contained
2.248.000 Christmas packages for our men in
France, England and Italy. That will give a
Christmas package to every one over there
and a surplus of some 200.000 packages, so
that every single officer and man or person
attached to the American expeditionary forces
will get one package. This enormous ship-
ment was handled by Gen. Hines in New York
without the slightest delay, everything going
very smoothly."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
675
ITALY'S WELCOME TO
The American consul-greneral at Genoa in-
formed the department of state that II Cor-
riere Mercantile, published at Genoa, on June
27, 1918, contained the following1 in regard to
the landing: at Genoa of the first contingent
oi American troops:
"The country of Columbus salutes to-day
worthily the soldiers of free America.
"To the sons of the powerful and glorious
republic of the United States, who come to
shed their blood for the holy cause of Italy
and of civilization, goes forth our enthusiastic
salute.
"They bring us their arms and their young
hearts; they bring us the ardently desired and
efficacious aid of their land, from which ir-
radiates upon the world such a resplendent
light of civilization.
"Therefore their aid is so much the more
precious; therefore it is so much the more
rich in significance.
"A cause which by force of its ideals has
succeeded in drawing to itself the aid of so
great a people cannot fail to triumph.
"And we shall triumph ! And we shall con-
auer ! The gloom shall be dispersed by light.
"Long live America ! Long live Wilson !
Long live the soldiers who disembark to-day
upon the land of Columbus, of Mazzini, and
of Garibaldi I
"Civilization opposea its formidable mass
against barbarity.
"We shall triumph! We shall conquer I
Arrival of the Troops.
"This morning a transport arrived in our
port having on board a fine and strong con-
tingent of American troops.
"We salute with enthusiasm and with ad-
miration the soldiers of the glorious North
American republic.
"Their presence on our front will let the
barbarous enemy know that all the civilized
world is solid with us and with our most
holy cause.
"The solidarity of the United States with
the entente brings to us not only an enormous
economic and military aid but a moral ap-
probation of which we are proud.
"We invite the citizens to give a great and
worthy reception to the troops over whose
heads waves the star spangled banner.
"They are the sons of Washington who come
to fight beside the sons of Garibaldi.
"It is a free people who come to fight be-
side a free people.
"It is a people of men eminently practical
and modern, who know how to rise to the
loftiest and purest heights of idealism, who
land to-day upon the sacred soil of Italy, and
who will traverse the streets which saw pass
the exalted and radiant figure of the greatest
of our idealists — Giuseppe Mazzini.
"All the glorious shades of our great ones
•will be to-day outstretched in our heaven
toward the star spangled banner, which comes
to unite itself with our tricolor.
"This is a historic day.
"We consider useless any worda of incite-
ment.
"Genoa will also to-day be great and will
know how to show, in representation of the
whole nation, how greatly the Italians appre-
ciate the military, economic and moral aid
offered to us by the great North American re-
public.
"As soon as the transport had thrown her
anchor in our port, the captaincy notified the
civil and military authorities of the city, and
soon the prefect, the mayor and the com-
manders of the army corps and the division
•went on board to visit the commanaer of the
contingent of American troops.
The Manifestoes.
"Scarcely had the news of the arrival of
the American contingent spread through the
AMERICAN SOLDIERS.
city when the following manifestoes were pub-
lished :
" 'Fellow Citizens:
"'The intrepid American soldiers land at
this port to unite themselves to our victorious
army on the fields where already our brothers
of France and England attest the solidarity
of the allies in the common fight for liberty
and for justice.
" 'Upon the soil of Italy, together with ours,
the' banner of the great republic will wave
proudly and the love of the two peoples, al-
ready bound together by one and the same
ideal, united in one and the same sacrifice,
shall have, in glory, its solemn consecration.
" 'To the sons of the generous land, bound to
Genoa by the genius of Columbus, let us
testify with emotion our feeling Let us so
do that they may carry with them the re-
membrance of it as a viaticum of faith and
auspice, and may they be able to say that they
have felt in the first salute of Italy the throb
of a people firm in its proposals, worthy of
the new destinies which the valor of arms
prepares for humanity.
" 'From the municipal palace. June 27, 1918.
"'THE MAYOR: E. MASSONE.'
" 'Genoese:
" 'Our city, the proud mother of Christopher
Columbus, who sailed toward the unknown
with leonine courage and With the faith which
is the animator of the great, will receive to-
day the free sons of the distant land divined
by him.
" Across the centuries and across the seas
the United States and Italy, bound together
by one and the same cause, proclaim once
more that liberty, when right does not suf-
fice to make it triumph, shall be saved and
made sublime by the point of the sword.
" 'The United States and Italy are at the
apex of their history.
" 'The star spangled banner and the flutter-
ing tricolor shall rise up in victory or shall
perish.
" 'Citizens! To-day the spirit of the country
is here. •
" 'Let us remember it. It is a great good
fortune for Genpa to welcome, in the name of
Italy, the American soldiers who will go also
to our front to prepare the heroic days, un-
cancelable in the life of peoples.
" 'The Federated Works of Assistance and
National Propaganda.'
"Hardly had the notice spread in the neigh-
borhood of the port when a great crowd
gradually gathered at Ponte dei Mille to salute
the allied soldiers from over the sea. There
was a continual waving of handkerchiefs, a
warm crescendo of applause, of shouts, of
acclamations of America.
"The soldiers of the free republic from the
deck of the ship replied with great enthusiasm
to the first salute of the generous people shout-
ing 'Viva 1'Italia! Viva 1'Intente!' and -waving
also their handkerchiefs and star spangled and
tricolored banners.
Gen. Garioni Salutes the American Troops in
the Nanfe of the Italian Army.
"This morning on the arrival of the first
contingent of the troops which North America
is sending to Italy, Gen. Garioni. commander
of the army corps, and Admiral Cagni, with
the other officers of the garrison, went on
board, and were received with great enthusi-
asm by the officers and troops of the American
army.
"Gen. Garioni, in the name of the head of
the Italian army and of his fellow soldiers,
has given to the first contingent of the North
American troops the welcome to this land, the
country of Columbus.
"He added that the intervention of the arms
of the powerful allied nation is a guaranty of
the coming definite victory of the entente in
676
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
this pitiless war in defense of humanity, of ' plied briefly, saying1 that he -was pleased to
civilization, and of rig-fat against Teutonic ar-
rogance, already shaken on the fields of France
and Italy.
"After Gen. Garioni, Admiral Cagni gave the
welcome in the name of the Italian navy.
"The commander of the American troops re-
have arrived safely in Italy with the first
contingent of the American army, which will
go to fight here, so that soon all. under one
sole banner and animated by one sole flame,
may conquer in the terrible war for the
triumph of humanity and right."
WARTIME CONTROL, OF
The following' proclamation requiring private
aviators to have licenses from the government
was issued by President Wilson Feb. 28. 1918 :
Whereas, the United States of America is
now at war, and the army and navy thereof
are endangered in their operations and prep-
arations by aircraft, I, Woodrow Wilson, pres-
ident of the United States, by virtue of the
authority vested in me by the constitution
as commander in chief of the army and navy
of the United States and of the militia of
the several states when called into the actual
service of the United States, do hereby for
the protection of such forces issue tke fol-
lowing proclamation:
1. A license must be obtained from the
joint army and navy board on aeronautic
cognizance by or in behalf of any person who
contemplates flying1 in a balloon, airplane,
hydroplane, or other machine or device over or
near any military or naval forc'es, camp, fort,
battery, torpedo station, arsenal, munition fac-
tory, navy yard, naval station, coaling- station,
telephone or wireless or signal station, or any
building or office connected with the national
defense, or any place or region within the
jurisdiction or occupation of the United States
which may be designated by the president as
a zone of warlike operations or of warlike
preparation.
2. The license will specify the person to
whom it is issued, the machine to be used,
the persons to operate the machine, and all
other persons to be carried therein, the mode
PRIVATE AVIATORS.
of marking1 or otherwise identifying1 the ma-
chine, and other details intended to assure the
military and naval forces of the peacefulness
of the errand.
3. The license will also specify the territory
and the time wherein it shall be available.
4. In case any aircraft shall disregard this
proclamation or the terms of the license, it
shall be the right and duty of the military
or naval forces to treat the aircraft as hostile
and to fire upon it or otherwise destroy it, not-
withstanding1 the resultant dang-er to human
life.
5. For the present, the president designates
as a zone of military operations and of mili-
tary preparation the whole of the United
States and its territorial waters and of the
insular possessions and of the Panama Canal
Zone.
6. The provisions of this proclamation do
not apply to aircraft operated by the army
or navy of the United States.
7. No private flying1 without a license will
be permitted after the expiration of thirty
days from the date of this proclamation.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
Done in the District of Columbia this 28th
day of February, in the year of our Lord
1918, and of the independence of the United
States the 142d. WOODROW WILSON.
By the president:
ROBERT LANSING. Secretary of State.
BED CROSS MEDALS AND BADGES.
The American Red Cross has issued from
headquarters instructions concerning Red Cross
medals and badges. The official medal in
silver, bronze or gold has been formally adopt-
ed by the Red Cross and may be awarded to
such persons as give important volunteer
service. The president of the corporation
will bestow this in the name of the Red
Cross.
There are three standard badges — the en-
rolled Red Cross nurse badge, the enrolled
Red Cross dietitian badgre and the member-
ship badge. Bars denoting the class of serv-
ice may be placed above any of these three
standard badges. For instance, the insignia
for home defense nurses shall be a white
enamel bar bearing1 the words "home defense
nurse." and shall be used in connection with
a standard membership badge. The life-sav-
ing1 corps has a similar bar with the words
"life-saving corps." Red Cross physicians,
surgeons and other Red Cross medical practi-
tioners may wear a white enamel bar above
the standard membership badge, with the
words "medical service."
Field service in the war zone or in the mil-
itary camps in the United States or specially
meritorious service in the civil areas in times
of disaster will be recognized by a bronze
bar bearing1 appropriate words and placed be-
low the standard badgre. First-aid contest
awards will have a similar bar below the
membership badge. The life-saving1 corps has
a silver alloy bar.
General service with the Red Cross will
be recognized by a service bar which will be
worn independently or below a standard mem-
bership badg-e. It is authorized for award to
all classes of Red Cross workers at national
headquarters, at division headquarters, or at
chapters, branches or auxiliaries, both volun-
teer and paid, and including1 officers, clerks
and those engaged in chapter or division work-
rooms. This bar is of white enamel, bears a
red Greek cross in the center and is given
after four months of service comprising1 not
less than 200 hours. On completion of the
next period of service this bar may be ex-
changed for similar bar with a tiny star at
each end. Bars may be exchanged as the
period of service grows, so that each star
awarded indicates not less than 800 hours'
work, and a five-star bar indicates not less
than 4,000 hours' work. Service periods will
be counted from Jan. 1, 1918.
GREATEST WAR LOANS.
Country and loan. Subscriptions.
United States fourth liberty loan, 4% per cent $6,954.875.200
British victory loan, early in 1917, 5 per cent... 5,096,245.320
United States second liberty loan, 4 per cent 4.617,532,300
United States third liberty loan, 4% per cent 4.158,599.100
Eighth German war loan, 4% and 5 per cent 3,600.000.000
French war loan of 1915. 5 per cent 2.261,864,409
Austrian seventh war loan, 5 percent 1,150. 000, 00'
Italian fourth war loan, 5 per cent 1'0,00'0>SR1S°,R
Hungary, seventh war loan, 6 per cent 600.000,000
Canadian victory loan, November, 1917, 5% per cent 418.000.00i
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
677
TRAINING OF BOMBING CREWS.
The war department in July. 1918, issued
the following- interesting1 statement prepared
by the military aeronautic department describ-
ing' the special training1 of bombing1 crews:
During1 the first year of the war there were
no aerial bombing- organizations! in the allied
flying- carps. Practically all the work in the
air was in the nature of observation. No
pilots could be spared for anything- else,
whereas to-day probably 25 per cent of the
aerial arms are bombing- squadrona of twelve
machines per sauadron.
Fly in Large Groups.
The first bombing- was done by volunteer
pilots, who flew over the German lines and
dropped three or four bombs made from ar-
tillery shells on concentration camps and can-
tonments. Showers of small steel arrows were
sometimes spilled upon convoys, troop trains
and bodies of massed troops. The Germans,
however, began regular day bombing- of cities
in 1915, and the allies bombarded Karlsruhe
in reprisal in October of the same year. From
that date on the evolution in organized bomb-
ing- developed rapidly. Some time later the
French began night bombing, but this was not
undertaken by the Germans until August,
1916.
To-day largB groups, including- several squad-
rons of bombing1 machines, so over the lines
from time to time and completely destroy their
objective, be it a city or a camp, a column
of troops or a trench system. Unfortunately
the allies' air forces have to travel for many
miles over hostile territory* defended by anti-
aircraft gams to attack German cities, while
the enemy can attack French cities by flying1
only a short distance beyond our lines.
The allies are developing- large bombing-
E lanes, however, which carry sufficient fuel
sr long- excursions and armament to protect
them when they are attacked by airplanes.
Bombing- squadrons are usually escorted over
the lines by fast fighting- squadrons of eig-hteen
planes per squadron and then left to their own
devices, for the fighters seldom carry sufficient
fuel to permit them to accompany the bomb-
ers on the round trip.
Formation of Flying Columns.
After an excursion of this sort the return-
ing bombers receive a warm reception from
the antiaircraft grins when they again pass
• over the enemy lines en route to their air-
dromes. Like fighting- squadrons, the bombing-
planes fly in a formation so designed as to
permit the planes to protect then* mates from
aerial attack. The usual formation is the
"V" with the leading- planes lowest and the
following- planes arranged in pairs, one on
each side of the "V" and each pair a cer-
tain number of feet higher in the air. This
formation is something- like a pointed flight
of steps, thus permitting the higner planes to
pounce upon enemy planes which essay an at-
tack on any of their fellows below.
The training of bombing- crews, which com-
prise a pilot and a bomber, is as important
and exacting- as is the teaching1 of any of our
other highly specialized branches of Ihe air
service. It may sound easy to the layman to
fly over a certain spot and drop a concen-
trated form of high explosive upon it. But
the most comprehensive training- is necessary
in flying-, aiming1, firing-, navigating- and fight-
ing1.
The dropping of the bomb itself is similar
to shooting- a rifle: First, you set your sights
and wind gauge, then you hold the rifle prop-
erly and finally you pull the trigger at the
proper moment. Then, if your ammunition is
standard, you hit the target. It is the same
with bombing-. If you set your sights cor-
rectly, fly your plane correctly over the ob-
jective, and drop the bomb at the proper time
you will hit the target. Then, if the ammu-
nition manufacturers gave you good bombs,
the objective will be destroyed.
The elemental training1 is given the bomber
and the hombincr nilot alike at the preliminary
or ground school. It includes theory and
practice in everything except work in the air.
This instruction is intended to make the fu-
ture officers intelligent and efficient in military
duties and flying1 practice. It consists of a
hard grind for about three months, but the
men learn discipline and drill and become fa-
miliar with the customs of the service by the
time they graduate. Their special technical
training- includes the theory of flight, aero-
nautic engines and instruments and airplanes.
Some of them could build workable machines
by the time they are throug-h.
It is after this preliminary work that the
men are selected for the special branches of
the air service. A certain number who stand
well in their class are permitted to volunteer
as bombers.
Pairing Pilots and Bombers.
The bombers first receive a week of concen-
trated theory oil bomb explosives, exploding-
and sighting devices, and all the theory per-
taining- to laying1 an egg on the Hun," as
this new form of fighting is termed. It is at
this stage of the game that the bombers and
bombing- pilots meet, but it is an earlier class
of pilots with whom the bombers are paired.
The pilots are reserve military aviators 'and
can do all the "stunts." fly cross country or
by compass and maps. They are also trained
in formation or squadron flying.
In this period, known as the preparatory
bombing stage, the bombing crews learn to fly
a proper course over camera obscuras and
Balchelor mirrors. These instruments, located
in houses on the ground, are open to the sky,
«o that the course of the planes flying over
them can be traced on charts. The charts
show up even the smallest errors in the move-
ments of the crew.
When 'the embryo bombers come down ex-
pert instructors correct their errors, showing-
them how to improve their work.
When all their faults have been corrected and
the crews have been shifted around until the
most efficient combinations have been secured,
the men pass on to the bomb dropping- stape.
They are started flying- at low altitudes, with
conditions made as easy as possible. then
they are sent up to between 3,000 and 4,000
feet, where they continue to practice until
they can hit the target. The targ.et is a
circle twenty-five feet in radius, painted on
the ground, and would not be very hard to
hit with a rifle from that distance, provided
a steady platlrom was available, but these
men, nearly a mile in the air. are under way
all the time and the plane is far from steady.
They pass over their targret at a speed of
more than a mile a minute while they ' shoot."
Foreigners claim that Americans are prone
to exaggerate, but in this case the proof is
available at the fields. Nine out of t?n
bombing- crews can score seven hits out of
ten shots at this stage.
The next period of training- takes the men
higher in the air. They ascend to between
6,000 and 12,000 feet. • Here, while in train-
ing1, they do not have to worry at all. They
worry but little more in action, for in the
higher levels ot these ranges, say 10.000 to
13.000 feet, the boche doesn't average better
than one hit to everjr 50,000 antiaircraft shots.
So our bombers will be comparatively safe
enough at these heights.
At the 10.000 foot level the same siz'd
target is used — differing1 from small arms
practice here. It looks like a diminutive fly-
speck on the ground, nearly two miles below.
The pilot is navigating- the ship on an even
keel at a certain speed, and so that it will
pass directly over the target.
The bomber, having1 taken into account the
'Peed of the ship, the elevation and the wind,
has set his sights and looked to his release ana
bombs. Now he peers intently through the
sight, his fing-er on the release trigger. As
the target below passes the cross wires in
the sirtit. he squeezes the trie-fi-er. "Tick"
poeg the release. For twenty-five seconds he
watches the bomb travel on its course until
the white ball of smoke shows where it has
678
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
landed in relation to the target. These are
plaster of paris bombs, balanced and weighted
the same as real bombs, but not "loaded."
Hit Moving Targets.
Our bombing: crews have to be able to hit
moving: targets as well as still ones, even
moving trains and surprise targets. Incidental-
ly, they mrst hit the dummy train and not
the neighboring fields. Practice is also given
them in divine upon a moving1 target, say
the. kaiser's auto, and putting a bomb in it.
This is considered great sport.
Having passed these stages, the fine points
of bombing are now given to the crews. They
are tanght how to get pictorial information of
enemy country. In this and subseauent stages
perfectly peaceful and innocent towns adja-
cent to the bombing fields are subjected to
bombardments.
Finally the most advanced work is taken
up. night bomb raiding.
Besides their training in bombing, these avi-
ators and observers have a thorough training
in aerial gunnery with fixed and flexible ma-
chine guns, which shoot accurately at 100
I yards and at 600 shots per minute.
RESTRICTION OF IMPORTS.
Under power conferred on him by the trading
•with the enemy act President Wilson, on Feb.
14, 1918. issued a proclamation requiring' an
import license for all articles from all coun-
tries. The chief purpose was to enable this
government to eliminate less essential imports
to the end that tonnage might be conserved
and additional shipping be made available for
the transportation of troops and supplies to
Europe. The war trade board, having charge
of the administration of the order, published
its first list of restricted imports March 23,
1918, and announced that application to im-
port the articles named on the list would not
be granted except under these circumstances:
1. When the articles mentioned were. actu-
ally shipped from abroad prior to April 15,
2. When coming by rail from Mexico or Can-
ada when the goods in question originated in
those countries or in others from which such
goods are being licensed for import.
3. When coming as a return cargo from Eu-
ropean points and then only (a) when com-
ing from a convenient port, (b) when loaded
without delay, and (c) when the importation
from Europe is not specifically prohibited in
The following is the list of restricted im-
ports. No. 1:
1. Agricultural implements.
2. Animals, live, except for breeding pur-
poses.
3. Art works.
4. Asbestos.
6. Beads and ornaments.
6. Blacking and all preparations for clean-
Ing and polishing shoes.
7. Manufactures of bone and horn.
8. All breadstufts, except wheat and wheat
flour, including imports from Europe.
10. Candle pitch, palm and other vegetable
e earin^^ carriages and other vehicles.
12. All acids.
13. Muriate of ammonia. «v,«,«s,,
14. All coal tar distillates except synthetic
15. Fusel oil or amylic alcohol.
17.' All^alts^of "sola except nitrate of soda
and cyanide of soda.
18 Sumac, ground or unground.
19. Chicory root, raw or roasted.
20 Clocks and watches and parts tnereoi.
21. Cocoa and chocolate, prepared or manu-
factured.
Hi cifoh^Spt^oT^exceed 2.000 long
tons for the year 1918.
25.' Dice,8' draughts, chessmen, billiard balls,
poker chips.
26. Eggs of poultry.
27. Electric lamps. ,
28. Explosives, except fulminates and grtn-
°29. Feathers, natural and artificial.
30. Manure salts. ,
31 Manufactures of vegetable fibers and
textile grasses, except jute. .
32. Fish hooks, rods and reels, artificial bait.
33. Fluorspar.
34. All fruits, except pineapples and bana-
nas.
35. All nuts, except cocoanuts and products
thereof.
36. Gelatin and manufactures thereof, in-
cluding all from Europe.
37. Gold and silver manufactures, including'
jewelry.
38. Sulphur oil or olive foots.
39. Grease.
40. Ha,y.
41. Honey.
42. Hops.
43. Infusorial and diatomaceous earth and
tripoli.
44. Mantles for gas burners.
45. Matches, friction and lucifer.
46. Fresh meats.
47. Meerschaum, crude or manufactured
48. Musical instruments and parts thereof.
49. Nickel.
60. Oilcake.
51. Oilcloth and linoleum for floors.
52. All expressed vegetable oils from Eu-
rope only.
53. .Lemon oil.
54. Nonmineral paints and varnishes.
55. Pencils and pencil leads.
56. Penholders and pens.
57. Perfumery, cosmetics and toilet prepara-
tions.
58. Phonographs. gramophones, grapho-
phones and parts thereof.
59. Photographic goods.
60. Pipes and smokers' articles.
61. Plants, trees, shrubs and vines.
62. Plates, electrotype, stereotype and litho-
graphic: engraved
63. Plumbago or graphite (until July 1.
1918: thereafter not exceeding 5,000 long tons
for remainder of 1918).
64. Pyrites (except not exceeding 125,000
long tons to Oct. 1. 1918).
65. Rennets.
66. Artificial silk and manufactures thereof.
67. Soap.
68. Malt liquors, including all from Europe.
69. Wmes.
70. Other beverages, including all from Eu-
rope.
71. Candy and confectionery, including1 all
from Europe.
^a. Tar and pitch of wood,
73. Toys.
74. Umbrellas, parasols, sunshades and
sticks for.
75. Beans and lentils, from Europe onlv.
76. Dried peas, from Europe ctsly.
77. All vegetables, except beans and lentils,
and peas, either in their natural state, or
prepared or preserved, including all from Eu-
rope.
78. Vinegar.
79. Whalebone, unmanufactured.
80. Manufactures of wool.
81. Manufactures of hair of camel, goat
and alpaca.
82. Zinc.
The list was changed from time to time as
circumstances required and before the close
of hostilities had been greatly modified. It
is given here merely as an example of the
measures taken in the course of the. war to
lessen activities in some directions to increase
those in more essential lines.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
679
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION WAR WORK.
At the time this country faced the pos-
sibility of war, the national board oi the
Young Women's Christian association was con-
fronted with a great responsibility for help-
ing- to safeguard the moral condition of women
and girls as affected by the war.
A request came from the United States war
department commission on training: camp ac-
tivities and from the Young- Men's Christian
association for woman workers to undertake
work among- girls in communities adjacent to
army and navy training1 camps.
A war work council was organized June 6
and 7, 1917, with a membership of ICO
women chosen from the association member-
ship and from prominent leaders in many
states who had not hitherto been associated
with the Y. W. C. A. From June 6, 1917, to
Nov. 1, 1918, the total expenditure of the
war work council was $5,495,491.15. Its ex-
penditure for work in France, Italy, Russia and
England was $531,720.63 and $4,963.770.63
was expended in the United States.
The function of the war work council is to
act as a committee of the na-tional board re-
sponsible for using- the resources of the Young-
Women's Christian association in helping- meet
the special needs of girls and young- women of
all countries affected by the war. It is now
helping- to meet the needs of reconstruction.
The junior war work council was organized
as a channel to furnish leadership and speak-
ers and as a means of helping- to gather /vo-
cational exhibits as a part of the organization.
The Hostess Houses.
Ninety-eight hostess houses have been built
for soldiers and their friends at the request of
the government in camps throughout the
United States. Fourteen of these are for col-
ored troops. A total of 411 workers are en-
gaged in these camp hpmes. Two players'
houses, one at Oamp Dix and the other at
Camp Upton, were opened late in 1918. Nearly
$2,000.000 has been spent on hostess house
construction.
The hostess house, the hospitality center of
the army, because it has solved many of the
soldiers' social and personal relationships, has
been one of the most appreciated institutions
of our cantonments. It has supplied a place
where soldiers and sailors may pass a leisure
hour with their friends and families. It has
strengthened the whole moral fiber of army
life.
Club and Recreational Work.
Various lines of girls' work have been pro-
moted by the Y. W. C. A. The girl reserves
have a membership of 455,300 with 774 units
in forty-seven states. There are 212 white
workers and twenty -eight colored workers.
The purpose of the organization is to give
girls through normal, natural activities the
habits, insights and ideals which will make
them responsible women, capable and ready to
help make America more true to its best hopes
and traditions.
Emergency Housing for Employed Girls.
The housing committee has rented or built
houses in eleven centers for women in in-
dustry. At an expenditure of $504,000, va-
cation houses, dormitories for girls employed
by the government and in camp communities
and factories, clubhouses, recreation halls,
cafeterias and hostels have been built. Room
registry work in large cities is a part of the
program.
Work in Colored Communities.
Owing to war conditions, the work with col-
ored women is being greatly extended and
$200.000 of the $5,000,000 budget, of the na-
tional war work council of tho Young Women's
Christian association is devoted exclusively to
this work. This money is being Tised to pro-
vide the staffs for hostess houses which ac-
commodate the families of colored troops, for
emergency housing for colored girls in war in-
dustrial centers where there is no local Y. W.
C. A., to furnish field workers for investiga-
tion, and leaders of the best type among col-
ored women, and to encourage women to show
what they can do in war work in filling the
hundreds of industrial positions now at their
disposal.
Clubs for colored girls have been established
in thirty centers. There are 100 workers on
the staff.
Work for Foreign-Born Women.
g To date there are thirty-three centers with
international institutes and nine centers pend-
ing, with a total of 262 workers. This staff
of American and foreign language workers
gives all its time to social work for foreigners,
which is the key to Americanization work.
The division for foreign born women main-
tains an international information and service
bureau, the only noncommercial foreign lan-
guage press service in the United States Its
staff translates articles about food conserva-
tion, child welfare, current events, fashions,
etc.. in the language of the foreign speaking-
women The division on foreign born women
has included in its after war program a de-
partment on reconstruction work.
Industrial Work.
Ninety-four workers are employed in twenty-
one centers for social protective movements
Industrial war service centers similar to the
hostess houses in the camps with such activi-
ties as information desks, employment bureaus
restrooms, recreation centers have been estab-
lished. Cafeterias, social morality lectures and
recreation are part of this service. In spite
ol the fact that large government plants are
rapidly closing, many of the plants have been
readjustments have been mode. Wh^re the
plants pass to private hands the war work
council will probably purchase the buildings
that have been Ipaned during the war and
continue the activities. The service work in
the club centers will be just as much needed.
5?.r. there will be exposure to the same con-
ditions and hardships, such as isolation, mo-
notony and loneliness, which the war industries
brought.
Bureau of Social Education.
From June 1, 1917, to Nov. 1, 1918, there
were 2,544 social education lectures given by
forty-six lecturers in 252 communities in
forty-one states at an expenditure of over
$96,000. The total attendance is estimated to
have been 1,000,000. Types of groups present
were high school girls, industrial girls, grade
school girls, nurses, housemaids, college girls,
colored girls, department store girls, Jewish
and Italian girls, leaders and teachers, clubs,
welfare workers. Red Cross workers, war
workers, church groups, woman physicians,
girls' patriotic leagues, parents, German, Jew-
ish and colored mothers.
Work in Other Countries.
In France the Y. W. C. A. has established
four types of centers for American women.
Fifteen hotels, recreation and social centers are
in operation. These include centers for signal
corps women, telephonists, telegraphers and
other English speaking woman employes with
the army at war work. Twenty-one huts for
nurses in base hospitals and eighteen centers
for French women working in munition fac-
tories, stores and the American army have
been established. There are four recreation
centers for both French and American women.
Almost all of the 102 workers are college
trained women who have travelrd extensively
and are conversant with the French language
680
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
In Russia there are seven workers in the
north at Archangel.
Regular Activities of the T. W. C. A.
In the various cities of the United States the
T. W. C. A. has 229 city associations and
county associations, with 322,473 members.
For the students in our colleges 737 associa-
tions have been established, with a member-
ship of 44,886.
American Secretaries in Orient and South
America.
India 14
China 44
Japan ' 14
South America f 8
Total 80
Centers.
India — Bombay, Lahore, Madras, Rangoon.
Simla, Colombo 6
China — Shanghai, Canton, Foochow, Pekin,
Tientsin 5
Japan — Tokyo, Yokohama, Kyoto, Osaka,
Kobe 5
South America — Buenos Aires, Rio de Ja-
neiro, Montevideo 3
Total ..19
Y. W. C. A. OFFICERS.
National Board.
600 Lexingrton Avenue, New York, N. Y.
Mrs. Robert E. Speer, president.
Mrs. John French, chairman executive com-
mittee.
Mrs. James S. Cushman, first vice-president.
Mrs. W. W. Rossiter, second vice-president.
Mrs. Thomas S. Gladding-, secretary
Mrs. Samuel J. Broadwell. treasurer.
Miss Annie M. Reynolds, chairman depart-
ment of field work.
Mrs. Robert E. Speer, acting chairman de-
partment of conventions and conferences.
Miss Annie M. Reynolds, chairman secretarial
department.
Mrs. W. W. Rockwell, chairman publication
department.
Mrs. William Adams Brown, chairman finance
department.
Mrs. Seabury Cone Mastick, chairman of-
fice department.
Mrs. Charlton Wallace, chairman department
of method.
Mrs. James A. Webb, Jr., chairman foreign
department.
Mrs. Samuel Murtland, chairman buildings
committee.
Secretarial Staff.
Mabel Cratty, general secretary.
Isabel Norton, secretary to general secretary
Sarah H. Scott, social secretary.
Mrs. Isabella H. Santee. buildings manager
A. Estelle Paddock, publicity secretary.
War Work Council.
Mrs. James M. Cushman, chairman.
Mrs. John R. Mott, vice-chairman.
Mrs. William Adams Brown, vice-chairman.
Mrs. Henry P. Davison, treasurer.
Mrs. Howard M. Morse, secretary.
War Work Staff.
Helen A. Davis, executive.
Katharine Scott, field secretary.
Mildred R. Stetson, office secretary.
Y. W. C. A. WORKERS IN EUROPE.
France.
Mary Dingman. Gladys Streibert.
Amy Gordon. Edith Aykroyd.
Hettie P. Anderson. Jessie Bidwell.
Margaret S. Morriss. Frieda H. Hainert.
toary George White. Helen Hendricks.
Agnes M. Winter. Marguerite Jones.
Caroline Hodgdon. Sarah P. Watson.
Mrs. ThyrzaBarton Dean Caroline B. Dow.
Emma F. Romeyn. Mary McKibben.
Jean S. Cavers. Mildred Nelson.
Grace B. Harwick. Ethel C. Scribner.
Marion E. Porter. Jane Stebbins.
Kate Hillis Boyd. Katharine Stebbins.
Edith A. Granger. Louise Stewart French.
Helen H. Jackson. Mary Jacobs.
Julia R. Russel. Mary Helen Post.
Alice S. Woolley. Mabel C. Salmon.
Olive S. Judson. Annie B. Sweet.
Elsie Mclntosh. Clara Maud Syvret
Elizabeth B. Mayston. Harriet Taylor.
Mary Anderson. RuthFrancesWoodsmalL
Maude B. Corbett. Elizabeth Haden.
Louise Pratt. Mary Buchanan «
Mrs. Lulu Frick Taylor. Gertrude MacArthur.
Winifred Tunnell Estella Sherrill.
Mabel Warner. Dr. Meta Glass.
Willie R. Young. Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler
Marion F. Allchin. Julia Chapin.
Keith Clark. Emma R. Chapin.
Elizabeth F. Fox. Marion F. Fernald.
Christine P. Skelton. Mary C. Fulton.
Laura C. Squire. Helen Joy.
Marguerite W. Stuart. Ellen Plympton.
Ruth Lee Pearson. Emma Carson.
Laura Bushfield. Jessie Trindle.
Margaret C. Cook. Katherine W. Treat.
Vesta M. Little. Vera Schafer.
Mary M. Porter field. Louise Dudley.
Esther M. Sleight. Dorothy Lack.
Lillian M. Smith. Marjorie Persons.
Ethel Clark. Marguerite Williamson.
Flora Curtis. Ethel Clarke.
Gertrude E Griffith. Moss Crysler.
Florence Risley. Anna M. Graves.
Mary A. Rolfe.
Russia.
Elizabeth Boies. Helen Ogden.
Marcia O. Dunham. Muriel Heap.
Clara I. Taylor. Katherine Childs.
Elizabeth Dickerson.
WORK OR FIGHT ORDER.
The following statement of the rule which
became popularly known as the "work or
fight" order was issued by the office of the
provost marshal general in Washington May
24, 1918:
Provost Marshal General Crowder yesterday
announced an amendment to the selective serv-
ice regulations which deals with the great
question of compelling men not engaged in a
useful occupation immediately to apply them-
selves to some form of labor contributing to
the general good. The idler, too, will find
himself confronted with the alternative of
finding suitable employment or entering the
army.
This regulation provides that after July 1
any registrant who is found by a local board
to be a habitual idler or not engaged in some
useful occupation shall be summoned before
the board, given a chance to explain, and, in
the absence of a satisfactory explanation, to
be inducted into the military service of the
United States.
Any local board will be authorized to take
action whether it has original jurisdiction of
the registrant or not: in other words, any man
loafing around a poolroom in Chicago may be
held to answer to a Chicago board even
though he may have registered in New York
and lived there most of his life.
The regulations which apply to idle reg-
istrants will be deemed to apply also to gam-
blers of all descriptions and employes and at-
tendants of bucket shops and racetracks, for-
tune tellers, clairvoyants, palmists and the
like who. for the purposes of the regulations,
shall be considered as idlers.
The new regulation will also affect the fol-
lowing classes :
(a) Persons engaged in the serving of food
and drink, or either, in public places includ-
ing hotels and social clubs.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
681
(b) Passenger elevator operators and attend-
ants, doormen, footmen and other attendants
of clubs, hotels, stores, apartment houses, office
buildings and bathhouses.
(c) Persons, including ushers and other at-
tendants, engaged and occupied in and in con-
nection with games, snorts and amusements,
excepting actual performers in legitimate con-
certs, operas or theatrical performances.
(d) Persons employed in domestic service.
(e) Sales clerks and other clerks employed
in stores and other mercantile establishments.
Men who are engaged as above or who are
idlers will not be permitted to seek relief be-
cause of the fact that they have drawn a
late order number or because they have been
placed in class II.. III. or IV. on the grounds
of dependency. The fact that he is not use-
fully employed will outweigh both of the
above conditions.
It is expected that the list of nonusefm
occupations will be extended from time 10
time as necessity will require, so as to include
persons in other employments.
Temporary p.bs-euces from regular employ-
ment not to exceed one week, unless such tem-
porary absences are habitual and frequent,
shall not be considered as idleness. Regular
vacations will . not be considered as absences
in this connection.
APPLIED TO BALL PLAYERS.
The rule having been applied to the playing
of baseball, which was declared to be a non-
essential occupation, the major baseball l?agues
asked the secretary of war to pwmit an ex-
tension of the league season to Oct. 15. Fol-
lowing is his reply made June 27:
Memorandum for the provost marshal gen-
In' the matter of the baseball leagues' pe-
tition for an extension of time:
A petition has been filed for an extension
of time within which professional baseball
players shall seek essential or productive em-
ployment, and the order asked is one which
will extend until Oct. 15, 1918. As grounds
for this request, it is alleged that there are
but 237 persons affected by the so called work
or fight order; but that, in spite of this small
number, their taking would lead to the imme-
diate breaking up of the entire game.
It is further said that the notice is too
short to allow the leagues to adapt themselves
to the ruling, and that the failure of the
clubs to adapt themselves to the ruling is due
to the fact that the secretary of war caused
it to be known through the newspapers that
the question of the application of the order
to baseball players would not be decided un-
til an actual case arose.
A hearing has been had on this subject by
the provost marshal general, who reports to
me that it is not clear to him that the game
will have to be discontinued even if the order
is made immediately applicable.
The purpose of the work or fight order, so
far as the war department is concerned, is to
strengthen the military forces of the country,
and not to control the labor situation. Inci-
dentally, it will undoubtedly have the effect
of adding to the number of persons usefully
employea, and decreasing the number of per-
sons uselessly employed. In this way the or-
der will strengthen the military forces by
making it less necessary to exempt for indus-
trial reasons men who would otherwise be
taken into the military service. This is an
indirect result, but one of very great im-
portance, and if exceptions are made, or
postponements are to be made in the en-
forcement of this order, it will require a very
careful study to determine whether those
exceptions ought to be the persons in whose
behalf this petition is filed or some other
group out of the large number affected by
the order, many of whom have already com-
plied with it, and brought about a readjust-
ment of the trades and occupations which
they had previously followed.
I think it would be an unfortunate thing
to have so wholesome a recreation as base-
ball destroyed if it can be continued by the
use of persons not available for essential war
service. But it would be a much more un-
fortunate thing to preserve even so whole-
some, an amusement by making an exception
in favor of baseball players which is denied
to great classes of persons in the United
States whose occupations have been held sim-
ilarly nonessontial, although they are imme-
diately associated with the distribution of
food and other processes of our daily life more
fundamental than any mere amusement.
It does happen that baseball is more inte-
grated than any other occupation in our
country, at least in the sense that its suc-
cessful conduct depends upon the preserva-
tion of all the major league teams scattered
throughout the country, while in most occu-
pations the work or fight order hag merely
a series of local and more or less personal
effects.
I am impressed, too, by the representation
made that the baseball players may have been
put in a less favorable attitude by reason of
their reliance on my statement that the ques-
tion of their inclusion in the terms of the
order would not be decided until a case had
arisen.
For these reasons it seems to me entirely
proper and fair to extend the time during
which the readjustment can take place, merely
iu order that justice may be done to the
persons involved, and I do, therefore, direct
that the application of the order be made
to date from Sent. 1. The order for the ex-
t»nsion to the 15th of October is denied.
NEWTON D. BAKER. Secretary of War.
INTELLIGENCE TESTS IN THE ARMY.
The war department issued the following
statement from the office of the surgeon-gen-
eral in December, 1918 :
More than '26 per .cent of the enlisted men
in the American army were considerably above
the average intelligence, and of these more
than 11 per cent had the superior intelligence
required for commissioned officers, according to
tests made by the division of psychology of
the medical department. The reports show
that 83 per cent of -the officers had the re-
quired superior intelligence.
And as a further proof of the general in-
telligence of the men called into military serv-
ice by the operation of the selective-service
law. less than 2% per cent of the men drafted
were found to be unfit for general military
service.
Out of a total of approximately 1.500.000
men receiving the army mental tests, less than
one-half of 1 per cent were found to be so
deficient in intelligence that they were recom-
mended for discharge.
While all the men in the army did not re-
ceive the mental tests, the figures obtained and
now given to the public by authority of the
surgeon-general may be regarded as substan-
tially correct in view of the fact that they are
the result of tests made in camps in all parts
of the country on men from every section of
the United States.
The tests were prepared by a committee ol
the American Psychological association and of
the national research council. Before bsing
ordered into general use they were thoroughly
tried out in four national army cantonments.
From time to time they have been revised to
increase their practical usefulness.
These tests provided an immediate and rea-
sonably dependable classification of the meii
according to general intelligence. Their spe-
cific purposes were to aid in the discovery of
men whose superior intelligence suggested their
consideration for advancement: in the prompt
selection and assignment to development bat-
talions of men who were so inferior mentally
that they were suited only for selected assign-
ments: in forming organizations of superior
68?;
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
mental strength where such uniformity was de-
sired; in forming organizations of superior
mental strength where such superiority was de-
manded by the nature of the work to be per-
formed; in selecting suitable men for various
army duties or for special training in colleges
and technical schoola: in the early formation
of training groups within regiment or battery
in order that each man could receive instruc-
tion and drill according to his ability to profit
thereby: in the early recognition of the men-
tally slow as contrasted with the stubborn or
disobedient: and in the discovery of men whose
low-grade intelligence rendered them either a
burden or a menace to the service.
Three systems of tests were used:
1. Alpha — This is a group test for men who
read and write English. It requires only 50
minutes and can be given to .groups as large
as 500. The test material is so arranged that
each of its 212 questions may be answered
without writing, merely by underlining, cross-
ing out or checking. The papers are later
scored by means of stencils, so that nothing is
left to the personal judgment of those who do
the scoring. The mental rating which results
is, therefore, wholly objective.
2. Beta — This is a group test for foreign-
ers and illiterates. It may be given in groups
of from 75 to 300 and requires approximately
fifty minutes. Success in Beta does not depend
upon knowledge of English, . as the instruc-
tions are given entirely by pantomime and
demonstration. Like Alpha, it measures gen-
eral intelligence, but does so through the use
of concrete or picture material instead of by
the use of printed language. It is also scored
by stencils and yields an objective rating.
3. Individual Tests — Three forms of indi-
vidual tests are used: The Yerkes-Bridges point
scale, the Stanford-Binet scale and the per-
formance scale. An individual test requires
from fifteen to fifty minutes. The instructions
for the performance scale are given by means
of gestures and demonstrations, and a high
score may be earned in it by an intelligent re-
cruit who does not know a word of English.
Enlisted men' were given either Alpha or
Beta, according to their degree of literacy.
Those who failed in Alpha were given Beta,
and those who failed to pass in Beta were
given an individual test.
As a result of the tests each man was rated
as A. B, C plus, C, C minus, D, and D minus
or E.
The rating a man earns furnishes a fairly
reliable index of his ability to learn, to think
quickly and accurately, to analyze a situation,
to maintain a state of mental alertness and to
comprehend and follow instructions. The score
is little influenced by schooling. Some of the
highest records were made by men who had
not completed the eighth grade. The meaning
oi the letter ratings is as follows:
A. Very Superior Intelligence — This grade is
ordinarily earned by only 4 or 5 per cent ol
a draft quota. The "A" group is composed
of men of marked intellectuality. "A" men
are of high officer type when they are also
endowed with leadership and other necessary
qualities. An average of 48 per cent of Amer-
ican officers received this rating.
B. Superior Intelligence — "B" intelligence is
superior, but less exceptional commissioned of-
ficers received this rating. "B" is obtained by
eight or ten soldiers out of 100. About 34 per
cent of the American commissioned officers re-
ceived this rating, while 32 per cent of the
sergeants and about 25 per cent of the cor-
porals were so rated.
C plus. High Average Intelligence — This
group includes about 15 to 18 per cent of all
soldiers and contains a large amount of non-
commissioned officers — in fact, about 58 per
C. " Average Intelligence — Includes about 25
per cent of soldiers. Only about 11 per cent .
of the noncommissioned officers were so rated.
C minus. Low Average Intelligence— In-
cludes about 20 per cent of the enlisted men
who. while below average in intelligence, are
usually good privates and satisfactory in work
of routine nature.
D. Inferior Intelligence — Includes about 16
per cent of soldiers. "D" men are likely to
be fair soldiers, but are usually slow in learn-
ing and rarely go above the rank of private.
They are short on initiative and so require
more than the usual amount of supervision.
Many of them are illiterate or foreign. In a
test of 77.299 men less than 1 per cent of
the sergeants were so rated.
D minus or E. Very Inferior Intelligence —
This group is divided into two classes: (1) "D
minus" men who are very inferior in intelli-
fence, but are considered fit for regular service
(slightly over 1 per cent received this rating) ;
and (2) "E" men, those whose mental in-
feriority justifies their recommendation for de-
velopment battalion, special service organiza-
tion, rejection or discharge. The majority of
"D minus" and "E" men have intelligence
equal to that of a normal 10 year old child.
The mental tests were not intended to re-
place other methods of judging a man's value
to the service. The psychological officers did
not claim that the tests told infallibly what
kind of soldier a man would make, but they
were reasonably certain, and the results justi-
fied this opinion, that the tests helped to 'to
this by measuring one important element in a
soldier's equipment — namely, intelligence. They
did not measure loyalty, bravery, power to
command or the emotional traits that make a
man "carry on."
The intelligence rating was one of the most
important aids in the rapid sorting of the
masses of men in the depot brigades. In no
previous war had so much depended on the
prompt and complete utilization of the mental
ability of the individual soldier. In making
assignments from the depot brigades to perma-
nent organizations it was important to give
each unit its proportion of superior, average
and inferior men. If this matter were left to
chance there would inevitably have been
"weak" links in the front lines. The excep-
tions to this rule were made in favor of cer-
tain arms of the service which require more
than the ordinary number of mentally superior
men.
In the selection of candidates for the officers'
training camps the value of the tests was
demonstrated. Less than 9 per cent of the
men who received ratings of C plus and above
failed to qualify for commissions.
The force of 75 officers and 250 noncommis-
sioned officers and specially trained enlisted
men were able to examine on an average
10,000 men a day. All of the officers were
trained psychologists who after receiving their
commissions took a two months' course in
military psychology at the medical officers
training school at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.
THE POTSDAM CONFERENCE.
[From official War Encyclopedia.]
It is asserted that the German government
chose its own time to begin the war, and that
on July 5, 1914. a conference of German and
Austrian dignitaries at Potsdam determined to
use the Serajevo murder as a pretext to crush
Serbia. This is officially denied in Berlin, but
(1) a deputy referred to it openly in the
reichstag in 1918, (2) a Dutch journalist de-
clares he reported it at the time, (3) the
Italian ambassador at Constantinople asserts
he heard it from the German ambassador there
who attended the conference, and (4) the
same Italian ambassador told it to an Ameri-
can diplomat, who recorded it in his diary,
and, finally. (5) Henry Morgenthau, then
American ambassador to Turkey, explicitly
states that the German ambassador there told
him about it.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919."
683
FEDERAI, TRADE COMMISSION REPORT ON PROFITEERING.
The federal trade commission made the fol-
lowing1 report to the president ot the United
States senate June 29. 1918:
Sir: The federal trade commission submits
the following- report in response to the direc-
tion under senate resolution 255 that it fur-
nish the senate with any and all facts, figures,
data or information now in possession of the
federal trade commission relative to profiteer-
ing- which would in any way enable congress
to deal with the matter either throug-h the
present proposed resolution or through enact-
ment of more effective criminal statutes.
Information upon the present range of profits
in various industries in the federal trade com-
mission arises from three activities:
1. Cost finding- by the commission for the
war industries board, the food administration,
the fuel administration and other executive
departments which have called, upon the com-
mission for this work.
2. Industrial surveys undertaken by ,
the
commission at the direction of the president
or upon its own initiative.
3. Enforcement of the law ag-ainst unfair
methods of competition.
Under the first activity the commission has
had recent view of many industries handling
basic materials, including1 steel, copper, zinc,
nickel, sulphur, lumber, coal and petroleum
and its products.
Under the second activity the commission
has recently dealt, with meats, leather, flour
and canned g-oods.
Under the third activity the commission has
daily contact with the tendencies of trade aa
they are revealed through the numerous com-
plaints filed with it for the application of
remedies which are statutorily invested in tne
commission.
The outstanding1 revelation which, accompa-
nies the work of cost finding- is the heavy
profit made by the low cost concern under
a g-overumental fixed price for the whole coun-
The outstanding: fact in the industrial sur-
veys which the commission haa recently made
is the heavy profit made by the meat packers
and by those allied with them and by the
flour millers.
The outstanding- feature on the score of
profit revealed in the regular work of the
commission under the statute creating- it and
the Clayton act is the trade tendency to in-
crease and to maintain prices against the
forces of competition.
The commission has reason to know that
•ofiteering- exists. Much of it'is due to ad-
* the necessities of the
n,iic=. «*=, ^x~>,,^~. in the war pressure for
heavy production. Some of it is attributable
to inordinate greed and barefaced fraud.
In summarizing- the information at
certain features appear .which it is well to
note. In the case of basic metals, as in steel,
when the government announced a fixed, pnce
it was made so hig-h that it would insure
and stimulate production. Tins has resulted
in giving a wide range of profits.
EFFECT OF COST PLUS SYSTEM.
Under the device of cost plus a margin of
profit these profits are necessarily great in the
case of the low cost mills. Thus, while the
market was prevented -from running; away, as
it would have done undoubtedly if it had not
been regulated by a fixed price, the stronger
factors in the industry are further strength-
ened in their position and enriched by profits
which are without precedent.
Again, in the case of flour milling, it is
apparent that, while a government fixed pnce
for wheat and an allowance of maximum
margin of profit over cost on flour have had
the virtue of stabilization, nevertheless profits
resulting are heavy. Bef«re the government
interfered flour sold in 1917 with an average
Krofit as hig-h as 52 cents a barrel. After the
xatiqn of the price of wheat and the deter-
mination of a maximum profit of 25 cents a
barrel of flour, the very high averagB pront
a barrel dropped toward the maximum.
Where this decline in price did not bring the
profiteering-
vantages taken o
times, as eviden<
price down to the maximum, that is. where the
millers continued to exceed the g-overnment
maximum, as they did in many instances,
many of the millers were actuated by the hope
that they would be allowed to include income
and excess profit taxes in their costs and pass
these taxes on to the consumer.
However, if there had been a fairly general
compliance with the maximum of 25 cents the
profits of the least efficient mill would have
been considerable and those of the most ef-
cient mills proportionately heavier. To the
extent that the maximum price was exceeded,
the profits were larger and in general were,
in fact, very great.
The situation in coal gives still another
angle of view to the same problem. Maximum
prices were fixed by territorial divisions. Many
of the coal producers have not taken the
maximum, but. due to the fact that in a
given field there is a very wide range in the
cost of the coal produced in that field, it
follows that certain low cost producers have
made large margins under . the system of
governmental fixed prices for the field. Many
high cost producers have made small mar-
gins. The bulk of the production, of course,
enjoys the larg-e margin. Information on the
return on the investment, now being- col-
lated, will reveal the exact amount of profit.
Percentages of profit worked upon investment
will obviously be very large in the case of
low cost companies.
SITUATION FRAUGHT WITH PERIL.
The experience with steel, flour, and coal
shows that a high stimulating fixed price,
while stabilizing- an ascending- market, pro-
duced an economic situation which is fraught
with hardship to the corfsuming- public and
with ultimate peril to the high cost companies
through increasing the power of their low
cost competitors.
In this connection, a survey of the pe-
troleum field shows that the market when
under the control of dominating- factors, such
as Standard Oil. can be one of huge profits
without the device of the high fix^d price. No
price for the public has been fixed upon pe-
troleum and its products by the government.
Unlike the situation in steel, flour and coal,
there has been as yet no government inter-
ference with the law of supply and demand,
except in the instances of g-overnment pur-
chases.
Under that law -large profits may eventuate
through, the bidding- up of prices by anxious
buyers. And. moreover, even in the absence
of this element, prices may be forced up by
spreading false and misleading information
concerning- the condition of supply and de-
mand. Reports, for instance, have been cir-
culated that the supply of gasoline was en-
dangered, for the purpose of maintaining the
high price of that product and the heavy
profits from it. At different stag-es of the oil
industry different products of petroleum have
yielded the heavy profits. Kerosene was once
the chief profit producer. Gasoline followed
and superseded it as the chief producer of
profits. Enormous profits are now being-
made in fuel oil. with the advantage to the
refiner that the high price of that product
meets no popular challenge. Gasoline is main-
tained at its present high price and produces
heavy profits for the low cost refiners.
MEAT PACKING- SITUATION.
Similarly the power of dominant factors in
a given industry in maintaining- high prices
and harvesting1 unprecedented profits is shown
in a survey of the meat packing- situation.
Five meat packers. Armour. Swift. Morris. Wil-
son and Cudahy. and their subsidiary and af-
filiated companies, have monopolistic control
of the meat industry and are reaching- for like
domination in other products. Their manip-
ulations of the market embrace every device
that is useful to them, without reg-ard to law.
Their reward, expressed in terms of profit,
reveals that four of these concerns have
pocketed in 1915-1916-1917 $140.000.000.
However delicate a definition is framed for
profiteering-, those packers have preyed upon
684
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
the people unconscionably. They are soon to
come under lurther governmental regulation
approved by executive order.
In cases where the government fixes a
definite margin of profit above costs, as in the
case of flour, there is a considerable incen-
tive to a fictitious enhancement of costs
through account juggling. This has added to
the volume of unusual profits. Increase of
cost showing on the producers' books can be
accomplished in various ways. The item of
depreciation can be padded. Officers' salaries
can be increased. Interest on investment can
be included in cost. New construction can
be recorded as repairs. Fictitious valuations
on raw material can be added. And inven-
tories can be manipulated.
The federal trade commission has been vig-
ilant and untiring in its exclusion of these
practices. An instance of this practice was
afforded by the Ismert-Hincke Milling* com-
pany of Kansas City, Mq. This company pad-
ded its costs by heavily increasing all its
officers' salaries and manipulating the inven-
tory value of flour bags on hand. As evi-
dence of the length to which padding can be
carried it may be added that this company
even included in its costs the gift of an auto-
mobile, which it charged to advertising ex-
pense. This case was heard by the commis-
eipn for the food administration. The com-
mission recommended revocation of license,
and the recommendation was followed.
Payments of extraordinary salaries and in
some instances bonuses to executives of cor-
porations have been found by the commission
during its investigations. An illuminating ex-
ample of high remuneration, charged to the
expense account, is that given by the Ameri-
can Metal Co.. Ltd., of New York, the chief
dealings of which are in zinc.
HIGH METAL SALARIES.
Appended are salaries and tantamount re-
turns from interest, commission, etc.. of some
of the chief officials:
B. Hochschild. chairman of board
of directors $179.663.36
C. M. Loeb. president 364,326.73
Otto Sussman. vice-president 221,596.04
J. Loeb, vice-president 147,930.69
Sol Roos, manager St. Louis office 148,530.69
M. Schott. manager Denver office. 136,553,12
In addition to the information above given,
the federal trade commission occupies an ad-
vantageous position where it is possible to
view certain tendencies in trade whicn Dear
upon the problem of profiteering. Under the
Jaw the commission has power to prevent
unfair methods of competition and it is daily
in receipt of complaints which it investigates
and if it has reason to believe that an unfair
method has been used arraigns the party com-
rlained against for a hearing of the issue.
It has developed that outside of legitimate
increases in price due to higher costs and
other economic elements, certain members of
trade have preyed with shameless avarice upon
the consumers. Two classes of cases handled
by the commission will be cited.
VEGETABLE CANNING CONCERNS.
Concerns bottling- or canning vegetables
which made contracts for future deliveries
during the year 1917, in some instances meet-
ing a condition of inadequate crops and se-
duced by rising prices, withheld portions of
their contract deliveries and sold spot on the
market at the higher price. There were vary-
ing degrees in this practice. Some of the in-
stances were flagrant and in those cases the
commission recommended the revocation of li-
cense of the offender to the food administra-
tion and these recommendations were acted
upon. A great number of complaints of fail-
ure to deliver futures were made wherein
action was not taken, as the evidence showed
*that the canner was unable to secure supplies
by reason of crop failures. The food adminis-
tration has endeavored to meet this situation
the present year by a delivery limitation on the
amount named in the contracts for future
delivery.
Another trade practice has developed in
which the consignee refuses goods alter ship-
ment because the market has fallen, and vice
versa the consignor refuses to ship on a rising
market. These instances, which in the knowl-
edge of the commission have not been numer-
ous, have been handled by the commission in
connection with the food administration and
its power of revocation of license.
COMMERCIAL BRIBERY.
Still another trade practice which has in-
cieased the price of supplies to the consumer
has been that of commercial bribery, upon
which subject this body recently addressed the
congress, suggesting remedial legislation.
Again the trade tendency of manufacturers
maintaining the resale price of wares has
contributed to holding high the general price
level and in instances has increased profits
without question. The action of the courts
raid the federal trade commission in prohibi-
tion of this policy is becoming generally
known to the trades and will, in our opinion,
work a correction by opening up some of the
closed channels of competition.
In submitting the subjoined memoranda on
the industries under consideration the commis-
sion expresses the opinion that general trade,
as the commission has opportunity to view it,
is in a high state of prosperity. With some
exceptions that condition has continued for
several years past. Many of the industries are
making unusual profits, some are showing out-
rageous ones. In an hour of national service
and self-sacrifice profiteering may be defined
not only as the taking of an exorbitant profit,
but should include a refusal to share in bear-
ing the burdens of war in the form of a re-
duction in profits when the profits have been
large in prewar times.
STEEL.
In 1917 the steel companies made abnormal
profits in. the- period prior to the government
price fixing policy and a number have con-
tinued to make unusually heavy profits since
that policy was inaugurated. In finding
costs in this industry for the war industries
board the commission divided the steelmakers
into four groups: (1) The fully integrated
mills: (2) the mills which start with the
manufacture of pig1 iron; (3) the mills that
stari with steel furnaces: and (4) the mills
that make rolled products from purchased
semifinished steel. The United States Steel
corporation is included in class 1. Its profits
expressed in terms of the total amount in-
vested in the business show net earnings as
follows:
Per cent.
1915 5.2
1916 15.f
1917 .. ...24.9
Per cent.
1912 4.7
1913 5.7
1914 2.8
The figures as to the net income of the
steel corporation, as shown by the comoany
for the years 1912, 1913, 1914. 1915. 1916
and 1917, before deducting- federal income
and excess profits taxes in 1917, follow :
1912
1913
1914
877,075,217
105.320,691
46,520,407
1915
1916
1917
S97. 967,962
284.026.564
478,204,343
The federal income and excess profits taxe*
of the steel corporation for 1917 were 8233,-
465,435. which leaves for net income $244,-
738.908, of which about one-tenth was ap-
plicable to interest on bonds of the corpora-
tion and the rest available for dividends and
surplus.
From information in possession of the com-
mission, mills in class 2 appear to have made
heavy profits in 1917. Recently mills in class
3 made objection that the government prices
were too low for them. A special examination
of their profits by the federal trade commis-
sion showed that in almost every case these
objecting1 mills were enjoying unusual returns.
The following table of percentage of returns on
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
685
investment in ten mills in class 3 will show
the profits in 1917: .
Per cent.
Allan Wood, Iron and Steel Co .......... 52.63
Allegheny Steel Co ..................... 78.92
American Tube and Stamping- Co ........ 40.03
Central Iron and Steel Co ................ 71.35
Eastern Steel Co ....... , ..... 30.24
Forged Steel Wheel Co ................ 105.40
Follansbee Bros. Co ................... 112.48
Nagle Steel Co ........................ 319.67
West Penn Steel Co ................... 159.01
West Leechburg- Steel Co ............... 109.05
Mills in class 4, which buy the semifin-
ished steel and convert it into the more highly
developed steel products, have enjoyed substan-
tial profits.
Very large earnings have been made in the
copper industry on the whole, although it
should be noted that they have been due in
part to an unusually heavy demand for this
metal, which is used almost exclusively for
war purposes directly and indirectly. The
commission's figures show that twenty-pne
companies, including- a large proportion of high
cost companies, made profits in 1917 which
ranged from 1 per cent to 107 per cent on
their investments. The average profit was
24.4 per cent. Probably over 70 per cent of
the production is marketed at profits over 20
per cent on investment. These same com-
panies show an average profit of only 11.7 per
cent in 1913. which may be considered to be a
normal year. Thus the average profit in the
industry has more than doubled. The range
of profits in 1913 was from 1 to 56 per cent.
The profits used in these computations do
not include federal income or excess profits
taxes, and. therefore, represent sums actually
retained by the companies for addition to sur-
plus or dividends.
There does not appear on the whole to have
been any concerted action in this industry in
putting- prices up in the first instance. The
war scramble among the allies shot the prices
of copper and other metals to almost unheard
of levels. But there are certain strong in-
terests among the producers and marketers
which predominate in certain stages oi pro-
duction. and these appear to have taken steps
to maintain prices at unnecessarily high levels.
In the first place the smelters, and notably the
American Smelting and Refining company.
have continued to hold in force certain deduc-
tions for risk of carrying copper bought from
mines, which risks have ceased to exist. These
deductions were put in force during the early
period of the war. before price was fixed by
agreement with the war industries board.
Their present maintenance amounts to profi-
teering at the expense of the miners, especially
the small producers. On the other hand, some
of the larger and richer mines have contracts
entered into before the war running for pe-
riods as long as twenty years, which are ex-
tremely advantageous to them and which are
now causing some refineries to operate at a
ZINC.
Most of the evidence in the commission's
possession indicates no unusual profits in the
zinc industry, with the exception of the op-
erations of the New Jersey Zinc company.
Basing percentage on the capital stock issue
of 835,000.000. tlie following net earnings and
dividends are shown for the New Jersey Zinc
company, according to published statistics:
1916, profits 72.5 per cent, dividends 76 per
cent: 1917. profits 56 per cent, dividends 46
per cent. The federal trade commission's fig-
ures as to these same net earnings and divi-
dends are available only for 1916 and indi-
cate profits of 95.9 per cent, with dividends of
76 per cent.
These large earnings do not indicate ex-
cessive profits on metallic zinc. The com-
pany's profits on common spelter are very low
and on grade A spelter while high are due to
the fact that it possesses a natural monoply
of a certain high grade ore, the product of
which cannot sell for less than the zinc pro-
duced by competitors. In fact, the whole ex-
planation of the New Jersey Zinc company's
large profits lies in its possession of an ore
body of unusual richness and purity.
NICKEL.
The dominating- factor in the nickel industry-
is the International Nickel company, which
produces practically the entire output of that
metal in this country. The profits of the
International Nickel company in 1916 were
$13,557.000 and the dividends were $10,575.-
000, which sums amounted to 40 per cent
and 31 per cent respectively, based upon .the
investment as computed by the commission.
Taking the total capitalization and surplus of
the company as a basis, the net earnings
would be 20 per cent and the dividends 15.6
per cent. In 1917 the profits on the com-
mission's basis were 30 per cent and the divi-
dends 24 per cent, and on the basis claimed
by the company the profits were 15 per cent
and the dividends 42 per cent.
This company has a natural monopoly based
on the ownership of the Canadian mines from
which the nickel ore is derived. It has, how-
ever, maintained prices on a prewar basis.
Consequently, while prices are high and the
profits very large, the increase in profits has
been due to the increased war output . rather
than to advances in price. Therefore it does
not seem that any profiteering can be charged,
unless in a negative sense— i. e., the company
might have been satisfied with smaller profits
in war times. This is especially worthy oi
consideration, inasmuch as practically the en-
tire output of the company is taken for war
uses. SULPHUR.
Two companies produce all the sulphur in
this country— the Freeport Sulphur company
and the Union Sulphur company. ,/»,„
The cost to the Freeport company in 1917
was $6.15 per ton: in 1918 it is estimated
that increases will bring the cost UP to
not over $9.50 per ton. In the first half
of 1917 the Union company's costs were
$5 73 per ton. The average realization of the
Union company in the first half of 1917 was
$18.11 per ton. making a margin of $12.38
per ton. The manufacturers of sulphuric
acid are paying in the neighborhood of $25
per ton. and some as high as $35 per ton.
making margins of over $15 per ton for
sulphur companies. The Freepprt company s
balance sheets show an operating profit for
the eleven months ending Oct. 31. 1917. of
$4.301.310. or 236 per cent on investment.
On Nov. 30. 1916. the company's balance
sheet shows dividends declared of $925.000:
on July 31. 1917. $1.850.000: and Oct. 31.
1917. $2.600.000. Its surplus increased from
$1.254.000 in November. 1916. to $2.543.000
in October. 1917.
These companies may be said to have a
natural monopoly of sulphur. Since they have
placed their operations upon an established
basis, they have always made large earnings.
They have taken advantage of the existing
situation to raise their prices.
LUMBER.
Information in the commission's possession
does not indicate any excessive profits in the
lumber industry on the west coast, although
it is understood that producers of airplane
spruce in that region have in the past taken
advantage of allied governments. Informa-
tion in the commission's possession does in-
dicate unusually and unnecessarily large
profits on the part of the southern pine pro-
ducers. Forty-eight southern pine companies
producing 2.615.000.000 feet of lumber in
1917 made an average profit on the net in-
vestment of 17 per cent. This is unusually
large for the industry, as is indicated by the
fact that the average profit in 1916 was only
5.2 per cent. In 1917. 47 per cent of the
footage of the companies covered was pro-
duced at a profit of over 20 per cent. The
range of profits was from a small loss to over
121 per cent on the net investment.
The margin of profit per thousand board
feet in 1917 was nearly double that in
previous years, the figure being $4.83 as com-
pared with $2.11 in 1916. A fair margin per
680
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
thousand feet in the past has been recognized
as being S3.
These figures for 1917 are the more notable
lor the reason that the profits shown do not
include any payments of federal income and
excess profits taxes, but are the sums actu-
ally available for additions to surplus or
dividends. Information secured from the
companies concerning- their dividends and in-
come taxes supports the preceding statements.
COAL.
Generally speaking-, the bituminous coal op-
erators in 1917 had very much larger mar-
gins than in previous years. While in 1916
the margins (what operators actually received
for coal sold over f. o. b. mine cost) may be
regarded in some cases as lower than normal,
yet the margins of 1917 were often two or
three times the normal return. In the figures
for 1916 and 1917 mentioned below, return
on investment must be covered in margins
shown. The increase of margins is illus-
trated by an examination of the returns for
1916 and 1917 of twenty-three typical bitu-
minous coal companies in the central Penn-
sylvania field. The average margin of these
companies in 1916 was 30 cents per ton and
in 1917 was 90 cents. The highest margin
for any company of the twenty-three compa-
nies in 1917 was $1.85. The corresponding
margin for this company in 1916 was 41
cents. Similarly the lowest margin for any
of these companies in 1917 was 27 cents,
the corresponding margin for the same com-
pany -in 1916 being 13 cents.
Maximum coal prices f. o. b. mines •were
authoritatively fixed Aug. 31-23, 1917, by
executive order and subsequently modified by
the fuel' administration. Contracts made be-
fore that time were not invalidated. In
some fields as high as 90 per cent of possible
production was sold under contract prices.
While some contracts were below maximum
price, probably much the greater part of the
coal sold under contract went at prices sub-
stantially in excess of legal maximum, prices
fixed for current sales.
April realizations contain relatively little
coal sold on contracts made prior to Aug. 31,
since most such contracts expired April 1,
1918. Sample reports for April operations,
covering 13,619,374 tons actually mined in
West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois and Kentucky show an average mar-
gin between claimed f. o. b. mine cost and
actual realization from sales of about 54
cents, as against a prewar margin of an av-
erage of 10 to 15 cents.
In anthracite the average receipts per ton,
including all sizes, during the year 1914 (thir-
teen companies, producing 79 per cent of the
total -tonnage in 1916) were $3.86 per ton.
The average receipts per ton of anthracite, in-
cluding all sizes, allowing for later obligatory
summer discounts on prepared sizes, during the
period January-March. 1918 (six companies,
producing 60 per cent of the tonnage in 1916),
were $4.36 per ton. The average labor cost
increase per ton since 1914 was $0.76, and if
this is deducted from the 1918 average re-
ceipts per ton an increase of $0.64 per ton (or
32 per cent) in average receipts is1 indicated,
without allowance for increased cost of sup-
plies and general expense.
. In connection with the distribution of coal
it may be pointed out that prior to the official
regulation of jobbers' and of retailers' margins
in August. 1917. there was evidence that many
of the margins were unduly high when com-
pared to the prewar margins. Details can be
found in the report of the federal trade com-
mission on anthracite and bituminous coal, June
30. 1917. Since the regulation was estab-
lished most of the jobbers' transactions have
been carried on within the fixed margin and
whenever violations have been detected the
jobbers have been forced to refund the over-
charges. It should be understood that job-
bers' and retailers' margins do not represent
net profits alone, but also include all expenses
incurred by them from the time coal is pur-
chased until it is sold.
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS.
ffhe data secured by the federal trade com-
mission for 106 refining companies for the
first auarter of 1918, supplemented in certain
cases by returns for the second six months of
1917, indicate that the average profit in the
oil industry is about 31 per cent on the invest-
ment. This is a considerable increase over the
rate of profits indicated for prewar years, as
the commission's gasoline report indicates an
average profit for the years 1913. 1914 and
1915 of 15 per cent on the investment. In
1917 over 50 per cent of the estimated pro-
duction was produced by companies having a
profit of over 30 per cent on the investment.
Rates of profit ranged from losses up to 133
per cent.
The profits of the eastern refiners have been
relatively larger than those on the Pacific
coast. The situation in the east is due to the
fqct that while gasoline prices have been but
s'.ig-htly advanced, the prices of other products
have been increased greatly, especially the
price of fuel oil. The public knows little
about prices except the price of gasoline and.
to a less extent, kerosene. Formerly refineries
operated for the sake of the gasoline almost
exclusively, and fuel oil was commonly sold at
a loss but now fuel oil is a very profitable
product.
MEAT PACKING.
An exposition of the excess profits of four
of the big meat packers (Armour, Swift. Mor-
ris Cudahy. omitting Wilson as not compara-
ble) is given in the fact that their aggregate
average prewar profit (1913, 1913, 1914),
was $19.000,000, that in 1915 they earned
$17,000,000 excess profits over the prewar
period: in 1916 $36.000.000 more profit than
in the prewar period, and in 1917 $68,000,-
000 more profit than in the prewar period.
Jn the three war years from 1915 to 1917
their total profits have reached the astounding-
figure of $140,000.000. of which $121.000 000
represents excess over their prewar profits.
These great increases in profits are not due
solely to increased volume of business. The
sales of these companies in this period in-
creased 150 per cent, much of this increase
being- due to higher prices rather than to in-
creased volume by weight, but the return of
Profit increased 400 per cent, or two and one-
half times as much as the sales.
The profit taken by Morris & Co. for the
fiscal year ended Nov. 1. 1917. is eaual to a
rate of 18.6 per cent on the net worth of
the company (capital and surplus) and 363.7
on the $3,000.000 of capital stock outstand-
ing. In the case of the other four companies
the earned rate on common capital stock is
much lower— from 37 per cent to 47 per cent
— but the reneon for this is that these com-
panies have from time to time declared stock
dividends and in other ways capitalized their
growing; surpluses. Thus Armour in 1916
raised its capital stock from $20,000.000 to
$100.000.000 without receiving- a dollar more
of cash. If Swift. Wilson. Cudahy and Ar-
mour had followed the practice of Morris in
not capitalizing their surpluses (accumulated
from excessive profits) they. too. would now
show an enormous rate of profit on their orig-
inal capital.
The independent packers, as measured by
results compiled for sixty-five of the larg-est
of them, earned during- 1914. 1915 and 1916
a rate of profit as high or slightly higher
than that earned by the big packers in those
years. The profits of these independent com-
panies lor 1917 are not as yet available.
LEATHER.
As an indication of earnings of the bier pack-
ers in the selling- branch of their leather busi-
ness the following is quoted from a letter of
Jan. 17. 1917. by the Eastern Leather com-
pany, an Armour selling subsidiary, to P. W.
CroU of Armour. & Co.: ,
We are inclosing our check on the National
-City bank. New York city, payable to J. Og-
den Armour, for $915.787, same being a divi-
dend of 53 per cent on the 17.279 shares of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
687
common stock standing in his name. In addi-
tion to this, and in accordance with our con-
versation when in Chicago, we have set aside
as a surplus 8260.000. which represents 10 per
cent on the common stock. We are also in-
closing a check on the National City <bank for
3302. 145. 62. payable to Mr. Armour. This be-
ing- the balance due on 6.020 shares of com-
mon stock held for employes."
FLOUR.
The flour millers have had unusual profits
for' considerably more than a year. Informa-
tion collected and verified by the commission
shows for the four years ending1 June 30.
1916. a profit of 13% cents on each barrel of
flour and 12 per cent on the capital invested.
These figures came from accounts covering
nearly 40.000.000 barrels output annually.
This is somewhat less than 40 per cent of the
annual output of the whole country, but a
very much larger part of the flour sold in the
regular commercial market.
In other words, these figures apply to mills
that in large part supply the demand for flour
in interstate commerce and for export. The
years covered. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. should
probably be accepted as fairly representative
in spite of the fact that the war demand in
19J.5 and 1916 would lead one to expect them
to show an abnormally high profit.
In the year ending June 30, 1917, these
same mills made an average of 62 cents on
each barrel of flour sold, and nearly 38 p.er
cent on their investment— profits that are in-
defensible, considering that an average of the
profit of one mill for six months of the year
shows as high as $2 per barrel.
The commission has tabulated returns cover-
ing the sale of something over 4.000,000 bar-
rels of flour made and sold under the food
administration's regulations from September,
1917, to March. 1918. inclusive. In face of
the regulation of 25 cents per barrel maximum.
the average profit per barrel on flour was
about 45 cents, or over three times the nor-
mal profit per barrel referred to above. The
return on investment was apparently between
25 and 30 per cent. However, with prices
maintained at the same level, cost would prob-
ably have increased and profit would have
been somewhat reduced in April, May and
June. 1918. because of the smaller output in
those months. The average net profits of job-
bers reporting1 to the commission was about
15 cents per barrel for 1913 and 1914, but
increased to nearly 50 cents in the first half
of 1917. These profits include all the pay
received by the proprietors of the business for
their services. It is clear that if the profit
above such pay was reasonably high in 1913
and 1914. it was exorbitant in the first half
oi 1917. The food administration has succeed-
ed in reducing the profits of these concerns,
but for the year 1917 it was still over twice
as high as in the earlier years.
CANNED MILK.
About three-quarters of the total canned
milk (evaporated and condensed) is produced
by ten companies. Nearly one-half of the total
Back is produced by three companies — Borden's
ondensed Milk company, Helvetia Milk Con-
densing cpinpany. Carnation Milk Products
company. These, three companies occupy a
strong position in the trade. The price statis-
tics between 1907 and 1917 show that practi-
cally every rise and every decline was inau-
gurated by either Bordcn or Helvetia, and the
small manufacturers followed. In 1916 and
1917 the war demand caused prices to ascend
so rapidly that the problem of declines was
obviated until the beginning of 1918.
In 1917. according1 to the statement of
the company. Helvetia made over 20 per cent
on cost and over 65 per cent on investment.
The Borden company made approximately 18
per cent on cost. The Borden company s
costs are relatively hifrh.
The Helvetia company in a letter to the
commission, under date of March 19. 1918.
Bays:
"We desire to say. however, in connection
with the total earnings of the company and
the margin of profit shown during the year
that it was our judgment at all times during
the year that we were making a larger profit
on oui* goods than we were entitled to
make. « * »
"We desire to say in explanation of the
year's profit — but not in defense of it — that the
profit which the company made during the
year was regulated by conditions entirely be-
yond the control of the directors and officers
of the company.
"During a large part of the year the demand
on the market was so strong that it was with
great difficulty that the price was kept from
going much higher than any point reached
during 1917. « » * Most of the price ad-
vances during the year were made by us in
self-protection and in an effort to keep orders
from piling up on us beyond our capacity to
fill. We were compelled on one or two occa-
sions to withdraw prices and refused to take
orders except at prices to be determined at
the date of shipment (which in a rising mar-
ket would naturally be higher); this plan be-
ing adopted on account of the necessity lor
protecting ourselves against the unusual and
abnormal buying."
In extenuation, this letter goes on to say
that in estimating costs for the purpose of
announcing its prices the company had over-
estimated its increase in cost. During 1917
the cost of producing evaporated milk (tails)
was in some months but a little more than
$4. and even in the high cost months not
much more than $4.50. These figures repre-
sent the costs of most of the manufactur-
ers. The price of evaporated milk (tails)
prevailing in the market during most of the
year ranged from about $5 to $5.50, The
unprecedented increase in the canned milk
business due to the war demand enabled the
milk manufacturers-7-with such margins be-
tween costs and prices — to make unusual
profits.
SALMON CANNERS.
Approximately 90 per cent of the salmon
packed in 1917 was produced at a cost under
$7.25 per case. To this should be added
selling expense. Thia item, as reported V»y
twenty-four companies packing practically 50
per cent of the year's production, was 28
cents per case. However, the 28 cents does
not include brokerage and cash discounts in
all cases, and it is estimated that 50 cents
per case would be a fairer allowance. This
would bring the representative high cost up
to $7.75.
The weighted average of the 1917 opening
prices for different grades of salmon was
$8.29 per full case, but more salmon was sold
above than below this price during the year.
This indicates a margin for a high cost canner
of 54 cents per case and larger margins on
the bulk of the production.
The average investment per case in 1917
was $4.32.
It follows that the marginal percentage
earned upon a reasonable investment by the
high cost canners was approximately 12% per
cent. Several canners having costs in the
vicinity of 87.25, which might be taken as
concrete illustrations, made profits as follows:
Profit.
Company. Cost. Percent.
Alaska Salmon Co $7.12 19
Everett Packing Co 7.43 5
San Juan Packing Co 7.02 24
Cascade Packing Co 7.13 62
Opfvin Food Packing Co 7.58
Salina Packing: Co 7.71 31
The foregoing1 statements are based upon the
representative nigh cost company — one whose
cost would cover 90 per cent of the total pack.
The following figures concern the average:
In 1917 the average net profit on invest-
ment of ninety companies, packing 7.426.678
full cases (87 per cent of the total year's
pack), was $2.28 per case, or 52.8 per cent
on the net investment in the salmon canning
business proper. This average of 52.8 per
cent does not reveal the fact that some at the
688
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
low cost companies included in the average
made over 200 per cent. It is significant that
some of these low cost companies are those
allied with the big meat packers.
PACKERS IN PROTEST.
Referring- to the foregoing- report as relating
to the meat packing- industry the packers made
the following: statements:
By Armour & Co. : "The charere of monop-
oly is simply the old cry against a business be-
cause it is big-. If a profit of one-quarter of a
cent on a pound of product, which a govern-
ment audit shows we make, is profiteering-,
then there is no honest business in the world,
for no successful business in the world makes
a smaller profit per unit of product.
"This is an unfortunate time for one branch
of the government to come out with such a
report, when another branch, between Jan. 1
and June 1, has called on Armour & Co. to
supply our forces abroad and those of our
allies food products of a value of more than
$100.000.000. The magnitude of these orders
compelled us to find new working capital."
Morris & Co.: "In the statement of the fed-
eral trade commission as to the profits of Mor-
ris & Co.. the figures given are misleading and
are absolutely incorrect. The profit of 263.7
per cent for the three year war period is evi-
dently figured on a nominal capital of $3,000.-
000 and not on the capital invested, while the
prewar profit of 8.6 per cent was figured on
the total investment. During 1917 our invest-
ment was in excess of 838.000.000. and our
profit was 14)4 per cent on this investment
and not 263.7 per cent, as stated. The aver-
age profit on investment for the last three
years was 10.95 per cent."
Svfift & Co.: "Swift & Co. deeply resent
the spirit and the manner in which this re-
port has been issued. It tended to throw sus-
picion about an essential industry which it is
publicly recognized has fulfilled tremendous
war demands from the beginning perhaps bet-
ter than any other industry in the country."
In a more detailed statement Louis F. Swift
said:
"A distinction should be made between in-
dustries which make a clear cash profit that
can be distributed in the form of dividends
and an industry that pays only reasonable
cash dividends and has to put the rest of its
profit back into the business. In the case of
Swift & Co. a large proportion of the profits
has had to remain in the (business in order to
finance operations and to maintain efficiency
by the addition of facilities and improvements.
This has been particularly necessary during the
last year or two, because of the increased
volume of business and the larse stocks of
meat carried due to war conditions and de-
mands. Even with these larger profits it has
been difficult to finance our business at the
extremely high prices prevailing- for live stock,
labor and supplies, and we have recently had
to issue more capital stock for the sole pur-
pose of raising- more money.
"The trade commission has made one very
serious error in the fignres it presents, which
gives the public a totally wrong- impression of
the recent profits in the packing- business and
does the packers a great injustice. The report
says that the five large packers made a profit
of $140.000.000 during the three years 1915-
16-17. as against $19.000.000 during the three
years before the war. thus showing- an in-
crease of $121.000,000. The commission has
compared a three year profit with a one year
profit, and the $19.000.000 should have been
$57.000.000, thus showing an increase of $83,-
000,000. instead of 8121,000.000.
"This profit is not out of line with the in-
crease in sales due to the high level of prices
and increased output of meat products. There
might be some justice in saying- that the pack-
ers had preyed upon the people unconscionably
if it could be shown that their profits had
raised prices -of meats to consumers or lowered
the prices of live stock to producers.
"Swift & Co. marketed over 5,000.000.000
pounds of all kinds of products in 1917 at a
net profit of a fraction of a cent a pound.
If this profit had been eliminated altogether
there would have been practically no effect
on prices, and since only reasonable dividends
were paid out of this profit and the rest re-
mained in the business we dp not feel that we
can be accused of profiteering1. Swift & Co.
have been co-operating with the government in
every possible way to help win the war. and
since November. 1917. we have been operat-
ing under government license and under the
supervision of the food administration. With
the profits in our meat departments limited to
9 per cent per annum on the capital employed.
or to about 2 cents of each dollar of sales,
no profit is guaranteed.
"Swift & Co. are living up to this regula-
tion conscientiously. It should be borne in
mind that the profit limitation applies only to
the meat business, and that part of Swift &
Co.'s profit is derived from outside industries
which the government is not regulating. The
reference in the trade commission's report to
extremely high salaries does not apply to this
concern. We are willing to defend the sal-
aries paid to our officials at any time and to
prove that they are reasonable as compared
with those paid in other businesses of equal
magnitude and responsibility.
"Neither do the statements that commercial
bribery has been, resorted to, that fictitious
values are put on raw materials and that
inventories have been manipulated apply to
Swift & Co. We have developed as complete
and as scientific an accounting system as w_e
could, and we have nothing to gain by falsi-
fying our accounts.
"The insinuations that the packers have
made enormous profits in hides and have
manipulated the price of leather is also mis-
leading and untrue. In the first place, the
large packers have no monopoly power over
the hide market or the leather market, and
hence cannot manipulate prices. During 1917
the supply of hides was larger than ever be-
fore in the history of the country and the
demand did not increase apace. As a result
the prices of hides fell greatly during 1917
and many hides were sold by the large pack-
ers at a loss. Swift & Co. have not hoarded
hides, but have sold them as rapidly as the
market could absorb them."
DETAILS OF LIBERTY ENGINE.
In May. 1918. the war department author-
ized the following- description of the Liberty
engine, generally accepted as one of the few
really remarkable inventions brought out in
thri course of the war:
Cylinders — The designers of the cylinders for
the Liberty engine followed the practice used
in the German Mercedes. English Rolls-Royce.
French Lorraine-Dietrich and Italian Isotta
Fraschini before the war and during the war.
The cylinders are made of steel inner shell
surrounded by pressed steel water jackets. The
Packard company by long experiment had de-
veloped a method of applying- these steel wa-
ter jackets.
The valve eagres are drop forcings welded
into the cylinder head. The principal depar-
ture from European practice is in the loca-
tion of the holding down flange, which is sev-
eral inches above the mouth of the cylinder,
and the unique method of manufacture
evolved by the Ford company.
Cam Shaft and Valve Mechanism Above Cyl-
inder Heads — The design of the above is based
on the Mercedes, but was improved for au-
tomatic lubrication without wasting oil by the
Packard Motor Car company.
Cam Shaft Drive — The cam shaft drive was
copied almost entirely from the Hall-Scott
motor: in fact, several of the gears used in
the first sample engines were supplied by the
Holl-Scott Motor Car company. This type of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
689
drive is used by Mercedes, Hispano-Suiza and
others.
Angle Between Cylinder — In the Liberty the
included angle between the cylinders is 45 de-
grees; in all other existing- twelve cylinder
engines it is 60 degrees. This feature is new
with the Liberty engine, and was adopted for
the purpose of bringing1 each row of cylin-
ders nearer the vertical and closer together, so
as to save width and head resistance. By the
narrow angle greater strength is given to the
crank case and vibration is reduced.
Electric Generator and Ignition — A Delco igni-
tion system is used. It was especially designed
for the Liberty engine to save weight and to
meet the special conditions due to firing
twelve cylinders with an included angle of 45
degrees.
Pistons — The pistons of the Liberty engine
are of Hall-Scott design.
Connecting Rods — Forked or straddle-type
connecting rods, first used on the French I)e
Dion car, and on the Cadillac motor car in
this country, are used.
Crank Shaft — Crank shaft design followed
the standard twelve cylinder practice, except
as to oiling. Crank case follows standard
practice. The 45 degree angle and the flange
location on the cylinders made possible a very
strong box section.
Lubrication — The first system of lubrication
followed the German practice of using1 one
pump to keep the crank case empty, delivering
into an outside reservoir, and another pump
to force oil under pressure to the main crank-
shaft bearings. This lubrication system also
followed the German practice in allowing- the
overflow in the main bearings to travel out
the face of the crank cheeks to a scupper
which collected this excess for crank pin lu-
brication. This is very economical in the use
of oil and is still the standard German prac-
tice.
The present system is similar to the first
practice, except that the oil •while under
pressure is not only fed to main bearings
but through holes inside of crank cheeks to
crank pins, instead of feeding these crank pins
through scuppers. The difference between the
two oiling- systems consists of carrying oil for
the crank pins through a hole inside the
crank cheek instead of up the outside face of
the crank cheek.
Propeller Hub— The Hall-Scott propeller hub
design was adapted to the power of the Lib-
erty engine.
Water Pump— The Packard type of water
pump was adapted to the Liberty.
Carburetor — A carburetor was developed by
the Zenith company for the Liberty engine.
Bore and Stroke — The bore and stroke of the
Liberty engine is 5x7 inches, the same as
the Hall-Scott A-5 and A-7 engines and as
in the Hall-Scott twelve cylinder engine.
Remarks — The idea of developing- Liberty en-
gines of four, six, eight and twelve cylinders
with the above characteristics was first thought
of about May 25, 1917. The idea was devel-
oped in conference with representatives of the
British and French missions. May 28 to June
lv and was submitted in the form of sketches
at a joint meeting of the aircraft (produc-
tion) board and the joint army and navy
technical board. June 4. The first sample
was an eight cylinder model, delivered to the
bureau of standards July 3. 191V. The eight
cylinder model, however, was never put into
production, as advices from France indicated
that demands for increased power would make
the eight cylinder model obsolete before at
could be produced.
Work was then concentrated on the twelve
cylinder engine and "one of the experimental
engines passed the fifty hour test Aug. 25,
1917
After the preliminary drawings were made,
engineers from the leading engine builders
were brought to the bureau of standards,
where they inspected the new designs . and
made suggestions, most of which were incor-
porated in the final design. At the same time
expert production men were making- sugges-
tions that would facilitate production.
The Liberty twelve cylinder engine passed
the fifty hour test, showing, as the official
repprt of Aug. 25, 1917, records, "that the
fundamental construction is such that very
satisfactory service with a long life and high
order of efficiency will be given by this power
plant and that the design has passed from the
experimental stage into the field of proved en-
An ' engine committee was organized infor-
mally, consisting of the engineers and produc-
tion managers of the Packard. Ford, Cadillac.
Lincoln, Marmon and Trego companies. This
committee met at frequent intervals and it is
to this group of men that the final develop-
ment of the Liberty engine is largely due.
AMERICAN TELEPHONE GIRLS IN FRANCE.
The following1 is from a statement issued
by the division on woman's war work, com-
mittee on public information, in May, 1918:
Owing to the problems which the use of
two languages presented to the American
troops in France and the necessity of accurate
intercommunication between the American and
the French armies, the signal corps has sent
abroad 100 trained woman telephone operators,
vho speak both French and English fluently,
to work in military telephone exchanges in
bases of supplies and points of embarkation.
During 1917 man operators and French women
were used for this
proved satisfactory.
work. Neither group
.
Therefore, in the early part of November a
cablegram was sent to the signal corps of the
United States army by Gen. Pershing. com-
mander of the American expeditionary forces,
recommending that, on account of the great
difficulty in obtaining properly Qualified men,
a force of woman telephone operators speak-
ing French and English equally well should
ba organized and seat to France. He required
three chief operators at $125 a month, nine
supervising operators at $72 a month, twenty-
four long distance operators at $60 a month,
fifty-four operators »t $60 a month, ten sub-
stitute operators at $50 a month; total, 100.
AH should have the allowances of army nurses
and should be uniformed.
Capt. E. J. Wesson, civilian personnel section
of the signal corps, who is experienced in
recruiting emergency groups of trained work-
ers, wns given charge of the proposed unit.
Capt. W. S. Vivian waa made responsible for
the housing and general welfare of the opera-
tors in France.
Thinking that it might be possible to ob-
tain telephone operators with equal command
of both languages in parts of the country
with large numbers of French inhabitants, an
effort was first made to obtain the group
from Montreal, Canada, and Louisiana. The
announcement was placed in French-Canadian
papers, with the result that from 300 to 400
women applied. Out of these only six could
be considered. The announcement was then
made to the press of the country and to
telephone companies. A list of 2,400 appli-
cations was received, which yielded the names
of twenty-five experienced operators, who cquld
speak both languages, and twenty-five possible
eligibles. To this date 7.600 applications have
been received. Besides the 100 that have been
sent over, 150 fully equipped are now in train-
ing schools to meet a possible demand, and a
list of 400 as a reserve force is on file.
The group of 100 is composed for the most
part of French girls who have come to Amer-
ica or American girls who have lived in
France. The unit was sent in groups of
three of about thirty each. Groups No. 1
and 2 are made up of experienced telephone
operators. Group No. 3 consists of girls who
have been given intensive emergency training-
in telephony. For the most part these girla
oome from New York state. California and
Massachusetts sent the next largest number.
Seventy-two per cent are Americans; 28 per
i™nt, are fo^eigrn born — French. Belgian. Ca-
nadian, English. Swiss and Dutch East Indian.
«90
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Under existing1 laws wives of army officers
and enlisted men who are liable lor duty
abroad are not eligible for membership in this
unit. An unauthorized statement, which ap-
peared in many papers, sayinsr that a unit of
telephone girls was to be organized, and that
many women whose husbands were officers
had thus found a way to g-o abroad, occasioned
an enormous number of applications and met
with an emphatic denial from the signal corps.
Upon filling- out the application blanks which
asked for facts about ag-e. nationality, knowl-
edge of French and English, previous tele-
phone experience and health, and which de-
manded a promise to serve for the duration
of the war, the candidate whose answers indi-
cated satisfactory qualifications was given ex-
amination by the manager of the local tele-
phone company, who had been authorized by
the signal corps. A full report on the ability
and character of the applicant was submitted
to a board of experts in New York. A psy-
chologist gave tests to the prospective opera-
tors, similar to the methods used by the army
in examining officers. Also, since the work
which the unit would perform was of a con-
fidential military nature and would give the
members important knowledge of the move-
ments of troops, their loyalty and motives for
applying for service were thoroughly investi-
gated by secret service agents.
On Jan. 12 the first group entered the train-
ing schools to T»e trained in advanced te-
lephony. Practice was then given in the larg-
est private branch exchange in New York, fol-
lowed by three days' work in cantonment
telephone exchanges, to acquire familiarity
with military terms. During the period of
training military drill was given the women
every day. Lectures were delivered to them
by officers of the signal corps upon the duties
of that branch of the army and its tradi-
tions. The importance of the lines of com-
munication in modern warfare was explained
and the various duties of the divisions of the
signal corps were outlined. Talks upon per-
sonal hygiene were given by -woman surgeons.
On March 2 the first contingent sailed and
later in the month American officers in France
were agreeably surprised by hearing over the
military telephones operators who used Amer-
ican terms, gave splendid service and who
could translate the message of a French officer
to an American officer, or vice versa. A sec-
ond group sailed on March 16 and a third
during the latter part of April. They were
stationed in groups .of ten in American bases
of supplies and points of embarkation.
The members of the woman's telephone unit
•were required to pass strict health examina-
tions and were inoculated and vaccinated in
the same manner as American soldiers. Out
of sixty girls who were inoculated not one
fainted. An officer who has seen many sol-
diers meet the same experience said this was
most unusual.
The uniform was designed and prescribed
by the war college. It consisted of a blue
coat and skirt made of navy uiue serge,
strictly tailor made; tailored shirtwaist of
navy blue palm beach cloth or similar ma.
terial; and straight brimmed hat of blue felt,
with the official orange and white hat cord
of the signal corps. The brassard on the left
sleeve of the coat is of white whipcord or
doeskin, bearing small devices indicating the
status of chief operator, supervisor and op-
erator.
"It would be impossible to brigade an
American troop without these girls," Capt.
Wesson, who recruited the -unit, stated. "They
are going to astound the people over there
by the efficiency of their work. In Paris
it takes from forty to sixty seconds to com-
plete one telephone call. Our girls are
equipped to handle 300 calls an hour." The
English women's army auxiliary corps, the
"Waacs," are doing similar work, but they
are not equipped with fluent knowledge of
French, and the American system of teleph-
ony has always been better than the European
one.
The personnel of the woman's telephone
unit follows:
Melina J Adam, Margaret Anderson, Eulalie
I. Audet. Grace Banker, Julie Barrere, Emma
Marie Brousseau. Almeria Capistran. Bertha
A. Carrel. Mrs. Inez Crittenden, Josephine
Davis. Cordelia Dupuis, Sara Fecteau. Marie
Louise Ford, Anna C. Fox, Esther Fresnel.
Marie A. Gagnon, Lydia C. Gelinas, Charlotte
Gyss. Darnaby Henton, Matina Heymen, Derise
Ingram. Ethel Keyser. Florence E. Keyser.
Marie S. La Blanc, Leontine Lamoureux, Nellie
Martin. Mrs. Pauline MacDermott, Kathleen
Mitchell, Minerva G. Nadeau. Helen A. Nai-
smith, Frances Paine Bigelow. Drucilla Palmer,
Lawrence Helene Pechin, Bertha Plamondon,
Suzanne Prevot. Minnie B. Bichards, Katha-
rine Hay Robinson. Olive M. Shaw. Marion A.
Taylor, Evelyn Thomas, Isabelle Villiers.
Ethelyn White, Mrs. Clara Whitney, Margaret
S. Bleyers, Jeanne Bouchet, Martha L. Car-
rel, Louise Essirard, Anns LeBorde, Louise Le
Breton, Raymond Le Breton, Marie Antoinette
Neyrat McEntyre, Kenee Messelin. Marie
Ponsolle, Georgette Schaerr, Albertine Asrents,
Edith Dodson, Martha Libert. Estelle L. Car-
on, Jean Cunningham. Amallem Jackson, Ag-
nes M. Theriault, Winifred Hardy, Elizabeth
Hunter, Alice V. Ward, Helen F. Perreton. Dee
Van Balkom, Suzanne M. Beraud, Louisette
H. Gravard. Marga.ret Hutchins. Lucille de
Jersey, Bertha M. Hunt, Margaret H. Milner.
Martha Steinbruner, Marie Floyd, Dorothy L.
Sage, Bertha H. Verkler. Lillian V. Verkler.
Yvonne M. Gauther, Eugenie Bacicot, Maude
McLowell. Michele F. Blanc, Marie B. Be-
langer. Marie L. Bosquet. Suzanne Cohpleach,
Frances des Jardins. Blanche Grand Maitre,
Adele L. Hoppock. Janet B. Jones, Hope Ker-
vin and Miriam de Jersey.
HONORS BESTOWED ON GEN. MARCH.
•war, Dec. 13. 1918. at the ceremony at his
office in connection with the presentation of a
distinguished service medal to Gen. Peyton C.
March :
"In the act of July 9. 1918, the congress au-
thorized the president to present a distin-
guished service medal of appropriate design to
any person who while serving in any capacity
with the army of the United States since the
sixth day of April. 1J117. has distinguished
himself oy exceptionally meritorious service
to the government in a duty of great re-
sponsibility.
"Under the authority of this act the presi-
dent has caused to be struck the distinguished
service medal, and by his direction it was
conferred upon Marshal Foch, Field Marshal
Haig, Marshal Petain, Gen. Diaz, Gen. Pershing
and Gen. Bliss.
Recommended by Gen. Pershing.
"Thereafter, upon the recommendation of
Gen. Pershing, distinguished service medals
nave been conferred UDon others associated
with, the American expeditionary forces- In
recognition of services rendered by them , of
a distinguished character but not coming
within the definition limiting the bestowal of
the distinguished service cross, which involves
conspicuous gailantry and intrepidity at the
risk of life in action or in conflict with the
enemy.
"Perhaps never pefore in history has war
so completely required the mobilization of all
the forces of the nation. Perhaps never be-
fore has the success of a military undertaking
required so much talent, devotion and labor
from those not immediately associated with the
combatant forces. The congress, therefore,
acted with great wisdom in providing that the
distinguished service cross should be the badge
of conspicuous gallantry and that there should
be suitable recognition for those whose duties
were of great responsibility, indispensable to
the success of the army and yet involved no
clement of actual armed combat, and the be-
stowal of our distinguished service medal upon
such commanders as Marshal Foch and the
commanders of the several allied forces has
given it a dignity and an association with
actual military operations whie> makes it a
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
691
token of honorable and meritorious service,
both to our nation and to the cause oi hu-
manity for which our own military enterprise
v. as undertaken.
Gen. Pershing's Recommendation.
"On the 7th of December I received from
Gen. Pershing this recommendation: 'It is rec-
ommended that the distinguished service medal
be awarded Gen. Peyton C. March, chief of
staff. United States army, for exceptionally
meritorious and conspicuous service. As com-
manding1 general of the army artillery of the
1st army he initiated and prepared the plans
for the organization of the artillery of the
American army in France. As chief of staff
of the United States army he has rendered
service of inestimable value to his country.'
The president has approved the recommenda-
tion of Gen. Pershing and I have asked you
to assemble to-day to witness the presentation
of the medal to Gen. March.
"It is a happy circumstance that Gen. Per-
shii-f's recommendation involved service abroad
and service at home, and that we thus have
from the commanding1 general of the army
abroad a recognition of the value of the
services to that army which were rendered by
a soldier whose duties required him to remain
in the United States.
Differed in Opportunity.
"The army of the United States consists oi
the American expeditionary forces and that
great body of officers and men in the United
States who were either preparing for foreign
service or carrying forward the great enter-
prises of mobilization, instruction and equip-
ment upon which the efficiency of the ex-
peditionary forces depended. The services of
these soldiers differed in opportunity, but they
did not differ in zeal or importance to the
general cause, and I have especial happiness
as I confer this medal in drawing: your at-
tention and that of the country to that part
of Gen. Pershing's recommendation which rec-
ognizes the services performed in America.. We
and the people of the entire country join in
grateful recognition) of the gallantry of our
officers and men abroad: they generously and
with equal gallantry recognize the value of
the labor of their associates in arms at home.
"The major part of the services of Gen.
March referred to in the recommendation of
Gen. Pershing have, of course, been performed
as chief of staff. They have, therefore, been
performed under my immediate observation,
and I am happy to add my own personal
commendation to that of Gen. Pershing Gen.
March has rendered services of inestimable
value to his country without fear or favor
to supervise
fairs with a view to the efficiency of our fight-
ing forces, and that justice of administration
in the army itself upon which alone a sound
spirit can be built.
llln acting as the president's deputy to con-
fer this medal I have perhaps no right to add
my personal judgment, but to the members of
the staff who have co-operated under Gen.
March's supervision in this great business no
such addition is necessary. I, therefore, con-
gratulate the army and the country upon the
intelligence, zeal and patriotic devotion with
which Gen. March has performed his great
duties, and in the name of the president. I
confer upon him the distinguished service
medal authorized by the congress."
Gen. March's Acceptance.
Gen. March, upon receiving the distinguished
service medal from the secretary of war, said:
"Mr. Secretary, I accept the distinguished
service medal with a particular feeling of
pleasure because it cornea to me as the result
of a straight military recommendation for
service performed on both sides of the At-
lantic, and not merely in recognition of the
distinguished office which I hold by law as
military head of the United States army.
"We have authorized the bestowal of a
number of these medals on officers serving in
France, and I shall take pleasure during the
next few days in recommending to you. Mr.
Secretary, the names of officers at home whose
services to the country have been of inestima-
ble value.
"I should say in addition, Mr. Secretary, that
I feel particular pleasure in what you said to
me personally, because, while Gen. Pershing
knows what I did on the other side, you know
better than any one what I have done at
home. That adds to the medal."
Honored by Japan.
At the imperial Japanese embassy in Wash-
ington. Dec. 9, 1918, his imperial highness
Prince Higashi Fushimi, by command of his
imperial majesty the emperor of Japan, per-
sonally decorated Gen. Peyton C. March, chief
of the general staff. United States army with
the grand cordon of the Order of the Rising
Sun. accorded for distinguished and brilliant
services.
The presentation took place in the presence
of members of the prince's suite. Ambassador
Ishii. and the staff of the Japanese embassy.
Brig.-Gen. Frank T. Hines and Col. Constant
Cordier. both of the army general staff, also
received from the hands of the prince the
second class of the Order of the Sacred Treas-
ure and the third class of the Order of the
Rising Sun. respectively, for the services which
they rendered the United States and the allies
in the present war.
FOOD FOR THREE MILLION MEN.
The following table shows the estimated
consumption and cost of the various articles
of food furnished the army during one year,
the size of the army being estimated at 3,000,-
000 soldiers and the prices based on those
prevailing in August, 1918:
Article. Consumption. Cost.
Beef fresh. Ibs 478.515,000 $109,627,786
Bacon Ibs .......... 48.180.000 18,587,844
Cornmeal Ibs 24,090,000 1,211,727
Ripe Ibs............ 30.660,000 2,158.464
Potatoes Ibs 782,925,000 14,014,357
Onions, Ibs 58.035.000 1,439.268
Jam cans 7.665.000 2,071.849
Coffee, Ibs 61,320,000 9,265,452
Tea, E. B., blk., Ibs. 3,285,000 1.232,203
Gunpdr., gr., Ibs.. 1,095,000 416,100
Oolong, black, Ibs.. 1,095.000 350,400
Y. H., Ibs 1,095.000 369,015
Japan. Ibs 1.095,000 385,987
Vinegar, gals 2.190,000 658,095
Pickles, chowchow,
pint jars 1,095,000 245,170
Cucumber, gals 3,285.000 1,314,000
Article. Consumption.
Gherkins, pint jars. 1,095,000
Mixed, pint jars 1,095,000
Salt. Ibs 27,375.000
Pepper, black, cans... 6,570,000
• Chile Colo., cans.... 1,095,000
Cayenne, bottles 1,095,000
Lard, Ibs 6.570,000
Substitute. Ibs 31,755,000
Butter Ibs 15,330.000
Oleomargarine. Ibs... 7,665.000
Chocolate, plain 2.190,000
Vanilla, pkg 2.190.000
Molasses, cans 2.190.000
Commodity. Amount.
Evap. milk. . . . 2,992,500 cases
Canned tomatoes 6,000,000 cases
Pineapples. . . 250,000 cases
Pork & beans 4.000.000 cases
Salmon 2.000.000 cases
Flour 915.000.000 pounds
Prunes 30.000.000 pounds
Peaches, evap. 21.000.000 pounds
Apples 18,000,000 pounds
Beans, dried... 50.000,000 pounds
Cost.
242,980
262.690
175,200
584,073
293,131
112,237
1,729,881
6,970,222
6,516,783
2,064.184
288.423
284*,700
356.970
Value.
$16.458,750
21.600.000
875.000
17,600,000
16,000,000
50,325.000
3,300.000
2,730,000
2,520,000
S.000,000
692
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
AMERICAN, BRITISH AND CANADIAN MILITARY SERVICE TREATY.
The lull text of the convention relating to
military service of British subjects in the
United States and of citizens of the United
States in Great Britain and Canada and notes
relating to article I. follow:
British Embassy, Washington. June 3, 1918.—
The Hon. Robert Lansing. Secretary of State
of the United States— Sir: With reference to
the military service convention between the
United States and Great Britain signed to-day.
I am instructed by his majesty's government
to explain why the proviso to article I. does
not limit the military service of citizens of
the United States in Great Britain to those of
the ages specified in the laws of the United
States prescribing compulsory military service,
as reauested by the United States government.
The reason for the omission of this clause in
the proviso ia a desire to avoid the delay that
would be involved in modifying the military
service acts. 1916 to 1918. which control the
operation of any convention of this character.
I beg you. therefore, to be good enough not
to press this proposal.
The effect of these acts is to make United
States citizens in Great Britain under this con-
vention liable to military service between the
ages of 18 and 49. both inclusive. The limi-
tation of the ages of United States citizens in
Great Britain for the punwse of military, serv-
ice to those prescribed in the laws of the
United States relating to compulsory military
service may. however, be attained without
amendment of these acts by exercise by the
United States of its right of exemption, under
article III.
His majesty's government understand, there-
lore, that the United States government will
exercise their right under article III. to ex-
empt from compulsory military service in
Great Britain all citizens of the United States
in Great Britain outside the ages specified in
the laws of the United States prescribing com-
pulsory military service.
I have the honor to be. with the highest
consideration, sir.
Your most obedient, humble servant.
BEADING.
June 3, 1918.— His Excellency the Earl of
Reading. Ambassador of Great Britain on
Special Mission: I have the honor to ac-
knowledge the receipt of your excellency's
note of this date in regard to the military
service convention between the United States
and Great Britain, signed to-day, in which you
state that you are instructed to explain why
the proviso to article I. does not limit the
military service of citizens of the United
States in Great Britain to those of the ages
specified in the laws of the United States
•prescribing compulsory military service as re-
auested by the United Stales government. In
explanation your excellency states as follows:
"The reason for the omission of this clause
in the proviso is a desire to avoid the delay
which would be involved in modifying the
military service acts. 1916 to 1918. which con-
trol the operation of any convention of this
character. I beg you, therefore, to be good
enough not to press this proposal.
"The effect of these acts is to make United
States citizens in Great Britain under this con-
vention liable to military service between the
ages of 18 and 49 years, both inclusive. The
limitation of the ages of United States citizens
in Great Britain for the purposes of military
service to those prescribed in the laws of the
United States relating to compulsory military
service may. however, be attained without
amendment of these acts by the exercise by
the United States of its right of exemption un-
der article III."
Your excellency adds that —
"His majesty's government understand, there-
lore, that the United States government will
exercise its right under article III. to exempt
from compulsory military service in Great
Britain all citizens of the United States in
Great Britain outside the ages specified in the
laws of the United States prescribing com-
pulsory military service."
In reply I have the honor to inform your
excellency that the government of the United
States is pleased to accept this explanation of
said article I. and. in lieu of a clause in this
article limiting the military service of citizens
of the United States in Great Britain to those
of the ages specified in the laws of the United
States prescribing compulsory military service,
to exercise its right under article III. to exempt
from compulsory military service in Great
Britain all citizens of the United States in
Great Britain outside of the ages specified in
the laws of the United States prescribing com-
pulsory military service.
I have the honor to be, with the highest
consideration.
Your excellency's most obedient servant.
ROBERT LANSING.
PART I.— CONVENTION RELATING TO THE
SERVICE OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED
STATES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND OF
BRITISH SUBJECTS IN THE UNITED
STATES. %
Tho president of the United States of Amer-
ica and his majesty, the king of the united
kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of
the British dominions beyond the seas, em-
peror of India, being convinced that for the
better prosecution of the present war it is
desirable that citizens of the United States
in Great Britain and British subjects in the
United States shall either return to their own
country to perform military service in its
army or shall serve in the army of the coun-
try in which they remain, have resolved to
enter into a convention to that end, and have
accordingly appointed as their plenipoten-
tiaries the president of the United States of
America, Robert Lansing:, secretary of state
of the United States, and his Britannic maj-
esty, the earl of Reading-, lord chief justice
of England, high commissioner and ambassa-
dor extraordinary and plenipotentiary on spe-
cial mission to the United States, who, after
having communicated to each other their re-
spective full powers, found to be in proper
form, have agreed upon and concluded the
following1 articles:
Article L
All male citizens of the United States in
Great Britain and all male British subjects
in the United States shall, unless before the
time limited by this convention they enlist or
enroll in the forces of their own country or
return to the United States or Great Britain,
respectively, for the purpose of military serv-
ice, be subject to military service and en-
titled to exemption or discharge therefrom un-
der the laws and regulations from time to
time in force of the country in which they
are: Provided, that in respect to British sub-
jects in the United States the ages for mili-
tary service shall be for the time being 20
to 44 years, both inclusive: Provided, how-
ever, that no citizen of the United States
in Great Britain and no British subject in
the United States who, before proceeding to
Great Britain or the United States, respective-
ly, was ordinarily resident in a place in
the possessions of the United States or in his
majesty's dominions, respectively, where the
law does not impose compulsory military
service, shall, by virtue of this convention, be
liable to military service under the laws and
regulations of Great Britain or the United
States, respectively: Provided, further, that
in the event of compulsory military service
being applied to any part of his majesty's
dominions in which military service at pres-
ent is not compulsory. British subjects who,
before proceeding to the United States were
ordinarily resident in such part of his majes-
ty's dominions, shall thereupon be included
within the terms of this convention.
Article II.
Citizens of the United States and British
subjects within the age limits aforesaid who
desire to enter the military service of their
own country must, after making such applica-
tion therefor as may be prescribed by the laws
ALMANAC AND YKA.K-BOOK FOR 1919.
693
or regulations of the country in which they
are, enlist or enroll or mus>t leave Great Britain
or the United States, as the case may be. for
the purpose of military tervice in their own
country before the expiration of sixty days
after the date of the exchange of ratifications
of this convention, if liable to military service
in the country in which they are at the
said date; or if not so liable, then before the
expiration of thirty days after the time when
liability shall accrue; or as to those holding1
certificates of exemption under article III. of
this convention, before the expiration? of thirty
days after the date on which any such cer-
tificate becomes inoperative unless sooner re-
newed; or as to those who apply for certifi-
cates of exemption under article III. and
whose applications are refused, then before the
expiration of thirty days after the date of
such refusal, unless the application be sooner
granted.
Article III.
The government pi the United States and
his Britannic majesty's government may
through their respective diplomatic representa-
tives issue certificates of exemption from
military service to citizens of the United
States in Great Britain and British subjects
in the United States, respectively, upon ap-
plication or otherwise, within sixty days from
the date of the exchange of ratifications of
this convention, or within thirty days from
the date when such citizens or subjects be-
come liable to military service in accordance
with article I., provided that the applications
be made or the . certificates be granted prior
to their entry into the military service of
either .country.
Such certificates may be special • or general,
temporary or conditional, and may be modi-
fied, renewed or revoked in the discretion of
the government granting them. Persons hold-
ing such certificates shall, so long as the
certificates are in force, not be liable to mil-
itary service in the country in which they are.
Article IV.
This convention shall not apply to British
subjects in the United States (a) who were
born or naturalized in Canada, and who. be-
fore proceeding- to the United States, were
ordinarily resident in Great Britain or Canada
or in any other part of his majesty's domin-
ions to which compulsory military service has
been, or may be hereafter by law applied, or
outside the British dominions: or (b) who
were not born or naturalized in Canada, but
who before proceeding to the United States
were ordinarily resident in Canada.
Article V.
The government of the United States and his
Britannic majesty's government will, respec-
tively, so far as possible facilitate the return
of British subjects and citizens of the United
States who may desire to return to their own
country for military service, but shall not be
responsible for providing transport or the cost
of transport for such persons.
Article VI.
No -citizen or subject of either country who.
under the provisions of this convention enters
the military service of the other shall, by rea-
son of such service, be considered after this
convention shall have expired or -after his dis-
charge to have lost his nationality or to be
under any allegiance to his Britannic majesty
or to the United States, as the case may be.
Article VII.
The present convention shall be ratified by
the president of the United States of America
by and with the advice and consent of the
senate of the United States and by his Britan-
nic majesty, and the ratifications shall be ex-
changed at Washington or at London as soon
as possible. It shall come into operation on
the date on which the ratifications are ex-
changed and shall remain in force until the
expiration of sixty days after either of the
contracting parties shall have given notice of
termination to the other: whereupon any sub-
ject or citizen of either country incorporated
into the military service of the other under
this convention shall be as soon as possible
discharged therefrom.
In witness whereof the respective plenipoten-
tiaries have signed the present convention and
have affixed thereto their seals.
Bone in duplicate at Washington the third
day of June, in the year of our Lord one
thousand nine hundred and eighteen.
KOBEBT LANSING.
BEADING.
PART n.— CONVENTION RELATING TO
THE SEBVICE OF CITIZENS OF THE
UNITED STATES IN CANADA AND OF
CANADIANS IN THE UNITED STATES.
The president pi the United States of Amer-
ica and his majesty, the king of the united
kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and
of the British dominions beyond the seas, em-
peror of India, being convinced that for the
better prosecution of the present war it is
desirable that citizens of the United States in
Canada and Canadian British subjects in the
United States shall either return to their own
country to perform military service In its
army or shall serve in the army of the coun-
try in which they remain, have resolved to
enter into a convention to that end 'and have
accordingly appointed as their plenipoten-
tiaries the president of the United States of
America, Bobert Lansing1, secretary of state of
the United States, and his Britannic majesty,
the earl of Beading, lord chief justice of
England, high commissioner and ambassador
extraordinary and plenipotentiary on special
mission to the United States, who, after hav-
ing1 communicated to each other their re-
spective full powers found to be in j>roper
form, have agreed upon and concluded the
following1 articles :
Article J.
All male citizens of the United States in
Canada (hereinafter called Americans) and all
male British subjects in the United States (a)
who were born or naturalized in Canada, and
who. before proceeding1 to the United States,
were ordinarily resident in Great Britain or
Canada or in any other part of his majesty's
dominions to which compulsory military serv-
ice has been or may be hereafter by law ap-
plied, or outside the British dominions: or
(b) who were not born or naturalized in
Canada, but who, before proceeding' to the
United States, were ordinarily resident in
Canada (hereinafter called Canadians), shall,
unless before the time limited by this conven-
tion they enlist or enroll in the forces of their
own country or return to the United States
or Canada, respectively, for the purpose of
military service, be subject to military service
and entitled to exemption or discharge there-
from under the laws and regulations, from
time to time in force, of the country in
which * hey " are : Provided, that in respect
to Americans in Canada the ages for military
service shall be the ages specified in the laws
of the United States prescribing compulsory
milita,ry service, and in respect to Canadians
in the United States the ages for military
service shall be for the time being 20 to 44
years, both inclusive.
Article II.
Americans and Canadians within the aere
limits aforesaid who desire to enter the mili-
tary service of their own country must en-
list or enroll or must leave Canada or the
United States, as the case may be. for the
purpose of military service in their own coun-
try before the expiration of sixty days after
the date of the exchange of ratifications of
this convention, if liable to military service
in the country in which they are at the said
date: or. if not so liable, then before the ex-
piration of thirty days after the time when
liability shall accrue: or. as to those holdintr
certificates of exemption under article III. of
this convention, before the expiration of thir-
694
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
ty days after the date on which any such
certificate becomes inoperative unless sooner
renewed; or, as to those who apply for cer-
tificates of exemption under article III., and
whose applications are refused, then before
the expiration of thirty days after the date
of such refusal, unless the application be
sooner granted.
Article HI.
The government of the United States,
through the consul-general at Ottawa, and his
Britannic majesty's government, through the
British ambassador at Washington, may is-
sue certificates of exemption from military
service to Americans and Canadians, respect-
ively, upon application or otherwise, within
sixty days from the date of the exchange of
ratifications of this convention or within thir-
ty days from the date when such citizens or
subjects become liable to military service in
accordance with article I., provided that the
applications be made or the certificates be
granted prior to their entry into the military
service of either country. Such certificates
may be special or general, temporary or con-
ditional, and may be modified, renewed or re-
voked in the discretion of the government
granting them. Persons holding such cer-
tificates shall, so long as the certificate* are
in force, not be liable to military service in
the country in which they are.
Article IV.
The government of the United States and
the government of Canada will, respectively,
so far as possible, facilitate the return of Ca-
nadians and Americans who may desire to
return to their own country for military serv-
ice. but shall not be responsible for providing
transport or the cost of transport for such
persons.
Article V.
No citizen or subject of either country who.
under the provisions of this convention, en-
ters the military service of the Other shall, by
reason of such service, be considered, after
this convention shall have expired or after
his discharge, to have lost his nationality of
to be under any allegiance to the United States
or to his Britannic majesty, as the case may
be.
Article VI.
The present convention shall be ratified by
the president of the United States of Amer-
ica, by and with the advice and consent of
the senate of the United States, and by his
Britannic majesty, and the ratifications shall
be exchanged at Washington or at London as
soon as possible. It shall come into operation
on the date on which the ratifications are ex-
changed and shall remain in force until the
expiration of sixty days after either of the
contracting parties shall have given notice of
termination to the other; whereupon any citi-
zen or subject of either country incorporated
into the military service of the other under
e aS 8°°n
In witness whereof the respective plenipo-
'' 0™*101
Done m duplicate at Washington 'the third
eyar°f0Ur
HEALTH AND MORALE OF THE ARMY.
In his annual report for 1918 the secretary
of war, Newton D. Baker, gave some highly
interesting details as to the health of the
army, the work of the medical department and
the nursing corps, and also of the work of
the commission on training camp activities.
Following is what the secretary said on these
subjects:
It must be a source of the deepest gratifi-
cation to the country, as it is to me, that the
health of the army has been so excellent, not
only as compared with the army in other wars
but also as compared with the civilian popu-
lation.
For the year ending Aug. 30, 1918. the
dea.th rate from disease among troops in the
United States was 6.4 per thousand: in the
American expeditionary force it was 4.7; lor
the combined forces it was 5.9. The male
civilian death rate for the age groups most
nearly corresponding to the army age is sub-
stantially the same as the rate in the Amer-
ican expeditionary force. What this low fig-
ure means in lives saved is shown by com-
paring it with the rate oif 65 per thousand
in the union army during the civil war and
the rate of 26 per thousand in the American
army during the Spanish war. Pneumonia,
either primary or secondary to measles, caused
56 per cent of all deaths among troops and
63 per cent of the deaths from disease.
About the middle of September the influenza
epidemic which had been prevalent in Europe
gained a foothold in this country. Beginning
in the New England states, it gradually spread
south and west until practically the entire
country suffered under its scourge. Naturally
the camps and cantonments, with their closer
concentration of men, provided especially fa-
vorable ground for the spread of the epidemic.
In the eight weeks from Sept. 14 to Nov. 8
there were reported among all troops in the
United States over 316,000 cases of influenza
and over 53.000 cases of pneumonia. Of the
20.500 deaths during this period probably
19.800 were the result of the epidemic. Dur-
ing eight weeks the epidemic caused more
than twice as many deaths among troops
in the United States as occurred during the
entire year preceding the epidemic, and al-
most as many as the battle fatalities during
the eighteen months of the war up to October.
1918. By the middle of November it waq
apparent that the epidemic had spent ^ts
1°^- i The number ol deaths was still above
normal, but was showing a steady decline
The American expeditionary force suffered
somewhat from the epidemic, but far less- seS
verely than the troops in the United States.
Medical Organization.
nection it is significant to note that the first
casualties, in the American expeditionary force
occurred in the medical corps, when on Sept!
• ^ 9t7- one offlcer and three men were killed
ana three. officers and six men wounded in a
Crerman airplane attack on one of our base
hospitals. On Nov. 11. 1918. the army had
eighty fully equipped hospitals in this coun-
try with a capacity of 120.000 patients. There
are 104 base hospitals and thirty-one evacua-
tion hospitals in the American expeditionary
force and one evacuation hospital in Siberia.
In addition, a special hospital for head sur-
gery, an optical unit, and eight auxiliary .units
are operating abroad.
T Arm^h9fe;?.itals -in the United States cared
for 1.407.191 patients during the war; those
with the American expeditionary force cared
for 755.354. a total of 2.162.545.
In addition to furnishing its medical person-
nel for the operation of the above units, the
war department, through the chief surgeon,
has detailed 931 American officers to serve
with the British forces and a further 169 for
service in base hospitals that we have turned
orer to the British. Furthermore, several am-
bulance sections have been operating with the
Italian army.
Medical and Dental Personnel.
In order to provide properly trained person-
nel for the medical needs of the army outlined
above, training camps were opened on June 1.
1917, at Fort Oglethorpe, Fort Benjamin Har-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
695
rispn and Fort Riley. The need for similar fa-
cilities for colored officers and men was
auickly recognized, and on July 21 a camp
was ooened at Fort Des Moines for the train-
ing: of colored personnel. Simultaneously
special intensive training was g-iven to all
army medical officers. 1.724 receiving- instruc-
tion in war surgery and 600 in roeiitgcnology.
The vital importance of good teeth has been
fully realized by the department. On Nov. 11.
1918, there were 4,429 dentists in the army
and 5.372 in the reserve cores not yet called
to active duty.
UD to the end of July a!bout 15 per cent of
the entire civilian medical profession of the
United States went into active duty as medi-
cal officers of the army. Probably no working1
force has ever been oitranized winch contained
more distinguished men of a single profession
than are to-day enrolled in the medical de-
partment of the United States army.
No praise is too great for these men and
their many brothers who freely gave them-
selves to the country in the time of her need.
sacrificing1 homes and positions that they might
render their greatest service to the cause of
democracy.
Nurses.
The answer made by the graduate nurses in
this country has been no less splendid than
that of the doctors. When the armistice was
signed an adequate staff of nurses was on
duty at every army hospital in the United
States. Eight thousand five hundred, and ten
were on duty in Europe, 1,400 were mobilized
and awaiting1 transportation overseas and 2,000
more were available for immediate foreign
service. The part played by these heroic
w omen can best be told by our sons and
brothers when they return from' the battle
fields; they, and only they, can pay proper
tribute to the love and devotion with which
our American nurses watched over them and
cared lor them.
Appropriations.
During1 the period of the war over
$500,000,000 was made available for the uses
of the medical department. The expenditure
of this vast sum was not merely a matter of
placing- contracts and awaiting deliveries. New
sources of supply had to be created to meet
the unprecedented demand for surgical instru-
ments, medical and surgical supplies, bedding1
and beds and anaesthetics, and everything pos-
sible had to be done to standardize all staple
articles so as to reduce manufacturing; diffi-
culties to a minimum. Under the direction of
Ma j. -Gen. William C. Gorgas the medical de-
partment worked out a most satisfactory
program.
The war department has believed that pre-
ventive as well as curative duties should be
performed by its medical personnel. Accord-
ingly, eight "survey parties" have been main-
tained to inspect all stocks of food and the
manner of serving meals to troops in camps
cr hospitals. Provision has also been made
lor the education of cooks and bakers in the
science of their trades.
Gas Defense Service.
During1 the first fifteen months of the war
all matters pertaining to the protection of
troops against poison gases were under the
charge of the surgeon-general, who devised,
contracted for and produced during- this period
over 1.500,000 gas masks. The magnitude of
this work became so great, however, that a
special "chemical warfare service" was cre-
ated to handle both the defensive end, for-
merly under the medical corps, and the offen-
sive branch, theretofore under the engineers.
Reconstruction WorJc.
One of the most important activities under
the direction of the medical department has
been the reconstruction work planned for sol-
diers, sailors and marines. At ports of de-
barkation arranerements have been made for
the ra.pirt classification and assignment of re-
turned sick and injured to the nineteen gen-
em! hospitals selected for reconstruction work.
At each of the hospitals courses of in-
struction are conducted which are adapted to
the physical and educational qualifications of
the men. These courses range from the most
elementary instruction in the "three R's" to
highly specialized trades: all of them, however,
have the single purpose of enabling- the man
to overcome the handicaps resulting- from hia
wounds and to resume his place as a pro-
ductive member of society as* speedily as pos-
sible. Thisj work is being- prosecuted in the
greatest variety of subjects at Walter Reed
hospital. Washing-ton, D. C.. where important
experiments are being made and where special
attention is being- given to fitting- men with,
effective artificial leers, arms and hands.
Growth of the Department.
At the beginning- of the war there were
only 750 officers, 393 nurses and 6.619 en-
listed men belonging to the medical depart-
ment. In November. 1918. the corresponilingr
figures were 39,363 officers. 21,344 nursea
and 245,652 enlisted men. During- the period
of greatest expansion, the department's pro-
gram was guided by Mao .-Gen. William C.
Gorg-as, the surg-eon-greneral. After many yeara
of conspicuous service in the army, Maj.-Gen.
Gorg-as has retired in accordance with the
provisions of the law, and was succeeded by
Mai. -Gen. Merritte W. Ireland, chief surgeon
of the American expeditionary force.
Training Camp Activities.
The commission on training1 camp activities
was created in April, 1917, by the secretary
of war to advise him on all matters relating1
to the morale of the troops. Chit off from
home, family, friends, clubs, churches, the
hundreds of thov.sands of men who poured into
the country's camps required something- be-
sides the routine of military training- if they
were to be kept healthy mentally and spirit-
ually. It became the task of the commission
to foster in the camps a new social world.
This was dona througn. its own ag-ents and
through the ag-ents of the affiliated organi-
zations over which it had supervision. It
provided club life, it organized athletics, it
furnished recreation through theaters and mass
singing-, it provided educational facilities, it
furnished opportunity for religious services to
ba held, it went into the communities outside
the camps and reorg-anized their facilities for
offering- hospitality to the soldiers. While it
provided these advantages to the soldier, it
nlso sought to protect him -from vicious in-
flupnces by a. systematic campaign of educa-
tion ag-ainst venereal disease and by strict
enforcement of laws agrainst liquor selling- and
prostitution.. The effort was to furnish for
the men an environment not only clean and
wholesome, but. actually inspiring- — to 'mako
thorn fit and eag-er to fig-ht for democracy.
While much of this work has been carried
on by the commission itself througrh govern-
ment appropriations, a great deal of it has
been made possible by private organizations
which have worked under the supervision of
the commission. These org-anizations, the
Young- Men's Christinn association, the Young1
Women's Christian association, the National
Catholic War council (Knights of Columbus),
the War Camp Community Service, th» Amer-
ican Library association, the Jewish Welfare
bonrd and the Salvation Army, have been
onormously effective in maintaining- the morale
of our troops at home and overseas and the
value of their services' is gratefully acknowl-
cdg-ed.
Athletics.
One of the first things undertaken by the
commission was the stimulation of athletic
sports. Forty-four athletic directors and thirty
boxing instructors were appointed in the va-
rious camps and an organization was built up
by which the men in the camps were partici-
pating regularly in some form of athletics,
both as part of their military training- and as
spnre time recreation. Mass athletics, boxing1,
hand-to-hand fighting-, and calisthenics proved
396
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
so valuable in promoting- military efficiency
that many of the civilian athletic directors
were commissioned. At first it was difficult
to obtain an adequate Quantity of athletic
equipment for the soldiers. Funds were lack-
ing: and raw material for manufacturing1 equip-
ment was scarce. In many cases a company
box of equipment had to serve a regiment.
But later funds appropriated by the gov-
ernment were available, supplemented by
generous subscriptions collected by special
committees working under the direction of the
commission, and much more equipment was
purchased and distributed.
Social Hygiene.
Much attention, too. has been given to the
problem of social hygiene. A wide educational
campaign along lines of sex hygiene has been
undertaken in all the camps and civilian popu-
lation of the country regarding the nature and
prevention of social disease. Lectures, mov-
ing pictures and exhibits of various kinds are
utilized, and extensive literature has been de-
veloped. More than 2.000,000 soldiers have
been reached by lecturers: fifty -eight camps
have received stereomotographs and 116 camps
and posts have received placard exhibits. In
the larger military establishments trained non-
commissioned officers have been in charge of
this work.
The section on men's work has conducted an
extensive campaign of education among ci-
vilians. It has sought to stimulate the enforce-
ment of existing laws against prostitution and
to (pass new ones where needed to curb vice
and liquor selling. Its chief effort has been
given to promoting education about venereal
disease through industrial establishments, en-
listing the support of employers who have
devoted time and money to furthering the work
among their employes. The section on wom-
en's work has endeavored by lectures, by cir-
culation of literature and exhibits, to enlist
the special interest of women, individually
and in groups, in the fight against disease.
The law enforcement division has been the
agency through which the commission has
acted in making effective the government
policy of suppressing- prostitution and illicit
liquor selling. Through its section on vice
and liquor control it has closed red light dis-
tricts to the number of 116 (including those
which were within the prohibited zone estab-
lished by rection 13 of the selective service
act). It has sought further to protect the
soldier by breaking up the industry of the
str<»et walkers and the frequenters of cafes
and cabarets. It has relentlessly pursued the
bootlegger and has made it increasingly diffi-
cult for the man in uniform to obtain liquor.
The commission has also devoted a great deal
of attention to work with delinquent girls,
who form the chief problem of camp commu-
nities. Mnre than 150 field workers are en-
gaged in patrol 3uty and personal case work
nnd every endeavor has been made through
education and otherwise to rehabilitate this
unfortunate class. Detention homes and houses
have been erected for the custody of women
and cirls whose commitment to an institution
had become necessary for the protection of
the military forces. This work has been car-
ried on by the states with the assistance of a
grant of 8250.000 from the president's war
emergency fund.
Music.
A great deal of attention has been given to
music as an effective factor in military train-
ing. This has been done through mass sing-
ing in camps and communities, singing on the
march as a physical stimulus and' source of
cheer, competitive regimental and company
singing, recreational singing in soldiers' free
time, the organization of quartets, glee clubs
and choruses and the training of company
and regimental song leaders to aid the camp
song leader. Song leaders to the number of
fifty-three have been assigned to the camps
as civilian aids to the commanding officers.
They are paid by funds of the quartermaster
corps. In order to have all the men in uni-
form singing the same song, songbooks con-
taining patriotic songs, folk songs, popular
and service songs and some hymns were pub-
lished by the commission and distributed to
the men. The department also interested it-
self in the development of the military bands
and prepared a program, practically identical
with one submitted from abroad by Gen.
Pershing. fop the enlargement of the bands, a
revised instrumentation, the commissioning of
bandmasters and the organizing of band
schools. Experiments with vocal and instru-
mental music in hospitals proved so effective
with certain types of cases and so acceptable
to the hospital authorities that the matter
was referred to the surgeon-general's office
with a view to its transfer to this department.
The services of the camp song" leaders have
frequently been borrowed by near by commu-
nities. Community singing — the singing of
songs the Soldiers have been singing— has
spread all over the country, and the possi-
bilities, both as to military and civilian
morale, are highly significant. A singing na-
tion will emerge from the war.
Theatrical Entertainments.
When Gen. Pershing said, "Give me a
thousand soldiers occasionally entertained to
10.000 soldiers without entertainment," he
voiced the need for entertainment in the camps.
The commipsion on training camp activities
built liberty theaters in thirty-four camps.
The smallest of these theaters seats abou*
1.000 and the largest somewhat over 3.000.
Built of wood but so constructed as to be
easily emptied in case of fire, they are
modern in every respect and equipped with all
necessary paraphernalia for the handling of
scenery and lighting effects. The cost of the
buildings has varied from $5,000 to $50.000.
depending upon the size: and the government
has appropriated $1.250,000 for this work.
Each theater is in the charge of a resident
manager appointed by the commission.
In addition to the regular performances
staged in these theaters on a booking circuit,
the commission has appointed dramatic direc-
tors in many of the camns. so that the boys
overseas may be equipped to stage. their own
serformances and thus be provided with
means of self-entertainment.
FARMS FOR RETURNING SOLDIERS.
The following letter was written by Franklin
K. Lone, secretary of the interior, to Presi-
dent Wilson May 31. 1918:
I believe the time has come when we should
give thought to the preparation of plans for
providing opportunity for our soldiers return-
ing from the war. Because this department
has handled similar problems. I consider it my
duty to bring this matter to the attention of
yourself and congress.
Every country has found itself face to face
with this situation at the close of a great
war. From Rome under Csesar to France tin-
der Napoleon, down even to our own civil
war. the problem arose as to what could be
done with the soldiers to be mustered out of
military service.
At the close of the civil war America faced
a somewhat similar situation, but, fortunate-
ly, at that time the public domain offered
opportunity to the home returning soldiers.
The great part the veterans of that war
played in developing the west is one of our
epics. The homestead law had been signed
by Lincoln in the second year of the war. so
that out of our wealth in Jands we had
farms to offer the million of veterans. It was
also the era of transcontinental railway con-
struction. It was likewise the period of rapid
yet broad and full development of towns and
communities and states.
To the great number of returning soldiers
land will offer the great and fundamental op-
portunity. The experience of wars points out
the lesson that our service men. because o
army life, with its openness and activity, will
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
•697
largely seek outdoor vocations and occupa-
tions. This fact is accepted by the allied
European nations. That is why their pro-
grams and policies of relocating- and readjust-
ment emphasize the opportunities on the land
for the returning1 soldier. The Question then
is: "What land can be made available lor
farm homes f jr our soldiers?"
We do not have the bountiful public domain
of the sixties and seventies. In a literal sense,
for the use of it on a generous scale for sol-
dier farm homes as in the sixties, "the public
domain is gone." The official figures at the
end of the fiscal year June 30. 1917. show
this: We have unappropriated land in the
continental United States to the amount of
230.657.755 acres. It is safe to say that not
one-half of this land will ever prove to be
cultivatable in any sense. We nave no land
in any way comparable to that in the public
domain when Aypomattox came and pen
turned westward with army rifle and roll
blanket" to beg-in life anew.
While we do not have that matchless Pub-
Ho domain of '65. we do have millions of
acres of undeveloped lands that can be made
available for our homecoming soldiers. We
have arid lands in the west; cutover lands
in the northwest, lake states and south, and
also swamp lands in the middle west and
south, which ca.n be made available throuph
the proper development. Much of this land
can be made suitable for farm npmes if
properly handled. But it will require that
each type of land be dealt with in its own
particular fashion. The arid land will re-
cuire water, Ihe cutover land will require
clearing- and the swamp land must be drained.
Without any of these aids they remain largely
"no man's land " The solution of these prob-
lems is no new thing1. In the admirable
achievement of the reclamation service in
reclamation a.nd drainage we have abundant
proof of what can be done.
Looking1 toward the construction of ad-
ditional projects, I am triad to say that plans
and investigations have been under way for
some time. A survey and study has been in
the course of consummation by the reclama-
tion service on the great Colorado basin. That
new project, I believe, will appeal to the
new spirit of America. It would mean the
conquest of an empire in the southwest. It
is believed that more than 3.000.000 acres of
arid land could be reclaimed by the comple-
tion of the upper and lower Colorado basin
It has been officially estimated that more
than 15.000.000 acres of irrigable land .now
remain in the government's hands. This is
the great remaining1 storehouse of government
land for reclamation. Under what policy and
program millions of these acres could be re-
claimed for future farms and homes remains
for legislation to determine. The amount of
swamp and cutover lands in the United States
that can be made available for farming is ex-
tensive. Just how much, there is has never
been determined with any degree of accuracy.
Practically all of it has passed into private
ownership. For that reason, in considering
its use, it would be necessary to work out a
policy between the private owners and the
government unless the land was purchased. It
has been estimated that the .total area, of
swamp and overflowed lands in the United
States is between 70,000.000 and 80.000,000
acres. Of this amount it is stated that about
"60 OOO.OOO acres can be reclaimed and made
profitable for agriculture." The undeveloped
swamp lands lie chiefly in Florida, in the
states along the Atlantic and gulf coasts, in
the Mississippi delta and in Missouri, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota. Wisconsin and Cali-
What amount of land in its natural state
unfit for farm homes can be made suitable
for cultivation by drainage only thorough sur-
veys ai.d studies can develop. We know that
authentic figures show that more than 15. OOO.-
OOO acres have been reclaimed for profitable
farming, most of which, lies in the Missis-
sippi river valley.
The amount of cutover lands in the United
States, of course, it is impossible even in
approximation to estimate. These lands, how-
ever, lie largely in the south Atlantic and gulf
states, the lake states and the northwestern
states. A rough estimate of their number is
about 200,000.000 acres— that is. of land suit-
able for agricultural development. Sub-
stantially all this cutover or logged-off land
is in private ownership. The failure of this
land to be developed is largely due to in-
adequate method of approach. Unless a new
policy of development is worked out in co-
operation between the federal government, the
states and the individual owners, a greater part
of it will remain unsettled and uncultivated.
The undeveloped cutover lands lie chiefly in
the Pacific northwest (particularly in Wash-
ington and Oregon), in the lake states (Min-
nesota, Michigan and Wisconsin), and in the
south Atlantic and gulf coastal states (Vir-
ginia. North Carolina. South Carolina, Georgia.
Florida. Alabama. Mississippi. Louisiana and
Texas) .
Any plan for the development of land for
the returning soldier will come face to face
with the fact that a new policy will have to
meet the new conditions. The era of free or
cheap land in the United States has passed.
We must meet the new conditions of develop-
ing lands in advance — security must, to a
degreej displace speculation. Some of the de-
fects in our old system have been described
by Dr. Elwood Mead in these words:
"Science [should] have gone hand in hand
with the settlement of the arid and semi-
arid country, and all that science could give
would have been utilized, first, in the creation
of the conditions of settlement, and then in
aiding the settler in difficult tasks. Because
nothing1 was done these heroic but uninformed
souls were bedeviled by the winds, cold,
drought and insect pests. They wasted their
efforts, lost their hopes and ambitions and a
tragic percentage left, impoverished and em-
bittered. The tragic part of this history is
that nearly all this suffering and loss could
rave been avoided under a carefully thought
out plan of development."
There are certain tendencies which we ought
tD face frankly in our consideration of a
policy for land to the homecoming soldier.
First, the drift to farm tenancy. The experi-
ence of the world shows without question
that the happiest people, the best farms and
the soundest political conditions are found
•where the farmer owns the home and the
farm lands. The growth of tenancy in America
shows an increase of 32 per cent for the
twenty years between 1890 and 1910. Second,
the drift to urban life. In 1880 of the total
population of the United States 29.5 per cent
of our people resided in cities and 7O.5 per
cent in the country. At the census of 1910
46.3 per cent resided in cities and 63.7 per
cent remained in the country. It is evident
that since the war in Europe there has been
a decided increase in the trend toward the
city, because of industrial conditions. The
adoption by the United States of new policies
in its land development plans for returning
veterans will also contribute to the ameliora-
tion of these two dangers to American life.
A plan of land development, whereby land
is developed in large areas, subdivided into in-
dividual farms, then sold to actual bona fide
farmers on a long time payment basis, has
been in force not only in the United States
under the reclamation act, but also in many
other countries, for several years. It has
proved a distinct success. In Denmark. Ireland.
New Zealand and the Australian common-
wealth it has completely changed the land sit-
uation. One of the new features of this plan
is that holders are aided in improving and
cultivating the farm. In a word, there is or-
ganized community development. Its beneficial
results have b^en well described by the Cana-
dian commission which was appointed to in-
vestigate its results in New Zealand in these
words:
"The farmers have built better houses or re-
modeled their old ones, brought a larger acre-
age of land under cultivation that would offi-
698
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
erwlse be lying Idle: have bought and kept
better live stock; have bought and used more
labor-saving machinery on the farms and in
the houses. * • • They keep more sheep
and pigs and have so largely increased the
revenue from their farms that they are able
to meet the payments on the mortgages and
to adopt a higher standard of living and a
better one. Throughput the country a higher
and better civilization is gradually being
evolved: the young mer and women who are
growing up are happy and contented to re-
main at hotne on the farm and find ample time
and opportunity for recreation and entertain-
ment of a kind more wholesome and elevatincr
than can be obtained in the cities."
It may be said that this country outside of
Alaska has no frontier to-day. Of course,
Alaska will still offer opportunity for a pi-
oneer life. And. of course. Alaska likewise
has yet unknown remarkable agricultural pos-
sibilities, but unless we make possible the de-
velopment of this land by the men who de-
sire their life in that field. we will lose a
great national opportunity.
This is an immediate duty. It will be too
late to plan for these things when the. war is
over. Our thought now should be given . to
the problem, and I therefore desire to bring
to your mind the wisdom of immediately sup-
plying the interior department with a sufficient
fund with which to make the necessary sur-
veys and studies. We should know by the
time the war ends not merely how much and
land can be irrigated, nor how much swamp
land reclaimed, nor where the grazing land is
and how many cattle it will support, nor how
much cutover land can be cleared, but we
should know with defmiteness where i
practicable to begin new irrigation pro] e its.
what the character of the land is. what the
nature of the improvements needed will be. and
what the cost will be. We should know also,
not in a general way but with particularity,
what definite press of swamp land may be
reclaimed, how they can be drained, what
the cost of the drainage will be. what crops
they will raise. We should have in mind spe-
cific areas of grazing lands, with a knowledge
of the cattle which are best adapted to them,
and the practicability of supporting a family
upon them. So. too. with our cutover lands.
We should know what it would cost to Pull
or "blow out" stumps and to put the landa
into condition for a farm home.
All of this should be done upon a definite
planning basis. We should think as carefully
of each of these projects- as George Washing-
ton thought of the planning of the city of
Washington. We should know what it will
cost to buy these lands if they are in pri-
vate hands: In short, at the conclusion ot
the war the United States should be able. to
oay to its returned soldiers: "If you wish
to g-o upon a farm, here are a variety of
farms of which you may take your pick,
which the government has prepared against
the time of your returning-." I do not mean
by this to carry the implication that we
should dd any other work now than the work
of planning. A very small sum of money put
into the hands of men of thought, experience
and vision will give us a program which will
make us feel entirely confident that we are
not to be submerged industrially or other-
wise by labor which we will not be able to
absorb, or that wo would be in a condition
where we would show a lack of respect for
those who return a- heroes, but who will be
without means of immediate self -support.
A million or two dollars, if appropriated
row, will put this wo:" well under way.
This plan does not contemplate anything
like charity to the soldier. He is not to l-e
given a» bounty. He is not to be made to
feel that he is dependent. On the contrary,
he is to continue in r sense in the service of
the government. Instead of destroying- our
enemies, he is to develop our resources.
The work that is to be done, other than
the planting, should be done by the soldier
himself. The dam or the irrigation project
should be built by him: the canals, the
ditches, the breaking of the land and the
building of the houses should, under proper
direction, be his occupation. He should be
allowed to make his own home, cared for
while he is doing it. and given an interest
in the land for which he can pay through a
long period of years, perhaps thirty or forty
years. This same policy can be carried out
as to the other classes of land. So that the
roldier on his return would have an opppr-
tunity to make a home for himself, to build
a home with money which we would advance
and which he would repay, and for the re-
payment we would- have abundant security.
The farms should not be turned over as the
prairies were, unbroken, unfenced, without ac-
commodations for men or animals. There
should be prepared homes, all of which can
be constructed by the men themselves and
paid >f or by them under a system of- simple
devising by which modem methods of finance
will be applied to their needs.
As I have indicated, this is not a mere
Utopian vision. It is, with slight variations,
a policy which other countries are pursuing
successfully. The plan is simple. I will un-
dertake to present to the congress definite
projects for the development of this country
through the use of the returned soldier by
which the United States, lending its credit,
may increase its resources and its population
and the happiness of its people with a cost
to itself of no more than the few hundred
thousand dollars that it will take to study
this problem through competent men. Thia
work should not bo postponed.
EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS.
With the co-operation of the national welfare
organizations, government agencies interested
in demobilization and local community organ-
izations of all kinds, the United States em-
ployment service in December, 1918, began
establishing a bureau for returning soldiers,
sailors and war workers in every city and town
in the United States. It also stationed quali-
fied representatives in all army camps and
posts in this country to acquaint soldiers with
the f acilities for assisting them to suitable em-
ployment after they leave camp.
The reconstruction program of the employ-
ment service aims to link up all national and
local efforts, both governmental and private,
and centralizes in every community, through
these local bureaus, all information as to
proper openings in industry, commerce, and
agriculture available to the nation's fighters
and war workers. It calls for assisting them
to the best work the country can pive them,
the individual's qualifications being considered,
and for sending as many men as possible to
the farms.
Since most soldiers are expected to go to
their home communities — and should be encour-
aged to do so — the task of aiding them in
finding work is primarily a community respon-
sibililty. and the local bureaus enable its dis-
charge.
The program was approved and adopted by
the secretaries of the war. navy, interior, com-
merce, agriculture and labor department, sit-
ting as the members of the council of national
defense. In the same capacity, these cabinet
officials most concerned with demobilization
took steps to keep intact the field machinery
of the defense council so that it may be util-
ized by the department of labor and its em-
ployment service in carrying out the replace-
ment program. Their action brought to the
employment service's aid a total of 184,000
local units, among them being the state coun-
cils. 4.000 community councils and 16,000
women's organizations.
Representatives of the welfare and other pri-
vate organizations and the government agen-
cies compose a co-operative central board at
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
699
Washington, through which a cpmplete pool-
ing oi all efforts to assist soldiers and war
workers to employment has (been effected. Na-
than A. Smyth, assistant director-general of the
United States employment service, is chair-
man. In addition to the welfare organiza-
tions, the board includes such bodies as the
American council of education, interested in
having- college students in the camps return to
complete their courses: the general staff of the
army; the federal board for vocational train-
ing, charged with training and placing crippled
soldiers: and other agencies.
Following is a description of the purpose and
mode of operation of community bureaus for
returning' soldiers.
I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
1. Purpose,
To establish in every community, from the
small town to the largest city, a bureau where
the returning soldier or sailor may ascertain
what employment is open for him.
MJany soldiers are returning home; many are
going to cities where they are relatively un-
known. Wherever they EO. it is the duty of
the community to see that every possible op-
portunity is given to them to get jobs — to get
the best -jobs for which they are Qualified.
These men gave up their work at the coun-
try's call without hesitation. To some of
them their old positions remain open: with
others such is not the case. Still others have
acquired new purpose and strength, and in
.many cases new skill, which fits them for bet-
ter work than they had formerly. It is both a
national and a community duty to see that as
they come back everything is done to enable
them to return to their livelihood in the posi-
tions where they can do most effective work.
S. Agencies Concerned in Meeting Problem.
In every community there are many bodies
such as churches, lodges and local branches
of national women's organizations, and such
bodies as the Red Cross. Y. M. C. A., National
Catholic War council. Jewish Welfare board.
Salvation Army, American Federation of Labor,
the War Camp Community Service, draft boards
and others, which are preparing to find em-
ployment for the returning soldiers and sail-
ors. Unless co-ordinated the work of these
organizations will overlap, with corresponding
loss in efficiency. No one of them alone will
be able to get more than partial information
as to the available opportunities in the cities
and very few will be in touch with possibili-
ties in other communities.
The United States employment service is the
official governmental organization charged
with the duty of helping secure positions for
returning soldiers and sailors, as well as war
workers and others. It has community labor
boards, composed of one representative of
employers, one representative of labor and
one representative of the employment service
throughout the country, over 1,580 in num-
ber. It also has some 850 offices scattered
throughout the country and has volunteer
agents in other places.
With the approval of the secretaries of war.
novy, agriculture, interior, commerce and la-
bor, sitting together as the council of national
defense, the United States employment service,
with the assistance of the state councils of
defense and their community councils, has
undertaken to organize in every city and town
throughout the country a bureau for returning
soldiers and sailors.
The joint telegrams of instructions sent by
the employment service and council of na-
tional defense on Dec. 2 to their respective
state organizations constitute the fundamental
basis of the plan thus officially adopted.
3. General Method of Operation.
The returning soldier or sailor may call per-
sonally at the bureau, but frequently will call
upon some one of the co-operating agencies.
It is not necessary that applications for work
by these men should be made at any one
particular place.
It is, however, necessary that so far as pos-
sible all information as to positions open
should be centered in one office and there
kept strictly up to date. Such information
will thus be a common pool on which all co-
operating agencies will be able to draw. Co-
operating agencies will register at this central
office all opportunities for employment which
come to their attention.
Employers should be urged as a patriotic
duty to register their opportunities! for em-
ployment at the central bureau, with specifi-
cations as to types and kinds of men wanted
and other necessary details. They should keep
the bureau informed as such positions are ,
filled or as new jobs are open. The full re-
sources of the bureau will be open without
charge to any returning soldier or sailor, re-
gardless of where he first makes application.
The bureau should use all means at its dis-
posal to furnish returning soldiers with cor-
rect information as to the various questions
that will confront them or direct them to
places where such information can be ob-
tained.
4. Returning War Workers.
While designed primarily for soldiers and
sailors, in many communities the bureau will
care also for those civilians who have left
their peace time jobs to take positions with
concerns engaged in doing war work. In
many places the facilities of the employment
service are sufficient in themselves to care for
the civilian workers: in other places it may
become a community necessity that the cen-
tral bureau should be for soldiers and sailors
a.nd war workers, so as to give assistance to
civilians who have been engaged in war work
and who cannot find employment.
II. ORGANIZATION.
1. Central.
The responsibility for administrative con-
trol .rests with the United States employment
service, subject to the directions of the secre-
tary of labor. . The employment service has
secured the assistance of a co-operating cen-
tral committee for purposes of establishing
general, policies and of securing the full joint
utilization of all of the - available resources
of the organizations represented.
In the United States employment service
the work is controlled by the director-general
of the service, the administrative details be-
ing1 handled by a national superintendent of
bureaus for returning soldiers and sailors.
2. In the State.
The administrative unit of the United States
employment service is the state, and the work
in each state is under the control of the
federal director of the United States employ-
ment service for the state. Each such di-
rector is responsible to the director-general
In dealing with the local bureaus the di-
rector-general of the employment service will
act through the federal director of the state
leaving him large administrative discretion to
meet the peculiar problems of the state.
Co-operating with the federal director of
the employment service for the state, the
state council of defense will direct the activi-
ties of its community councils in assisting the
work of the employment service.
S. In the Local Community.
The management of the bureau in each city
or town will be supervised by a board of
management,* composed of representatives of
the community labor board wherever such a
board exists and of the community council
of defense, of the local branch of each or-
ganization represented on the central commit-
tee and other local organizations, a repre-
sentative of labor and other representative
citizens. The officers of such a board will
be selected by it.
Wherever its size makes it advisable, such
board of management should appoint a small
executive committee and vest in it such pow-
700
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ers as may be necessary for prompt and ef-
fective action.
In charge of each bureau will be a bureau
manager, who will be selected by the board
of management. Such manager will be sworn
into the federal service as a special agent of
the United States employment service of the
department of labor and will be entitled to
the franking' privileges of such department
and will be subject in the executive details
hereafter mentioned to the instructions of th"
director-general of the employment service and
of the federal director of such service for his
state.
4. Duties of Boards of Management.
(a) To secure a suitable office and equip-
ment:
The offices of the United States employment
service wherever considered suitable are
offered for this purpose. Where . this is
not the case an office should be arranged for
at local expense. The duty of the community
to its returning soldiers justifies the govern-
ment in asking it to secure such contribution
of rent from local sources.
(b) To provide a bureau manager:
Except in the smaller communities, the bu-
reau manager will have to give practically
his whole time to this work for a number
of months to come. Any present employe
of the employment service considered avail-
able by the board of management will on its
request be assigned to this work. Where this
course is not possible, local arrangements will
have to be made to get the proper man and
to see that he is properly compensated, if
necessary. In some cases the services of
paid officers of some of the national organiza-
tions interested may be available.
c. To secure necessary volunteer assistants
to the bureau manager:
A very considerable amount of records will
have to be kept and much telephoning done
in the bureau offices. In some cases it will
be impossible for the bureau manager to per-
form his general executive duties and to at-
tend to these details without assistance. It
should be possible to secure competent volun-
teer assistants in every community.
d. Finding jobs:
The board of management should bring to
the attention of every possible employer in
the community that it is his patriotic duty
to register all positions which he has open
with the bureau, and to notify it promptlj
when such positions are filled, and to give
all further information which may be useful.
e. Directing applicants to bureau:
The board of management should secure the
co-operation of all bodies within the com-
munity and bring to the attention of the
public through the newspapers, churches, and
in every other possible way, the fact that in-
formation as to the positions open may be
secured from the bureau for returning soldiers
and sailors.
f. Clearance with other communities:
The board of management should assist the
Onited States employment service in securing:
co-operation with other states and communi-
ties, so that men who cannot find jobs for
which they are fitted at one place may get
prompt information as to possible openings
elsewhere.
5. Powers of the Board of Management.
The board of management has the authority
requisite to perform the aforesaid duties. The
fundamental principle of organization is that
as much local responsibility be recognized in
the local board of management as is consist-
ent with uniformity of operation in conform-
ity with general principles approved by the
central board at Washington and with the
operation of each unit as a part of the gen-
eral clearance system of the United States
Employment service.
6. Powers and Duties of the Bureau Manager.
The bureau manager should be in executive
control of the office of the local bureau and
should usually be the administrative officer
of the board of management. It will be his
responsibility to see that the following work
is done promptly and effectively in the office :
a. That all opportunities for workers are
registered and classified.
b. That such information as to positions is
at all times available for any returning sol-
dier or sailor, through whatsoever agency the
application of such soldier or sailor may come.
c. That a record be kept of all applica-
tions for positions.
d. That the forms of the United States em-
ployment service be used (except that similar
forms bearing the imprint of the local bureau
and of the United States employment service
are permissible).
e. That reports of the work of the office
are made as required by the federal director of
the United States employment service for the
state.
f. That every possible assistance be given
to every applicant for work.
g. That the work of the bureau be conduct-
ed in close co-operation with that of employ-
ment service offices in the community.
h. That all applicants be treated with pains-
taking, intelligent interest, in order that the
best service may be given.
In the performance of these executive duties
the bureau manager is the agent of the em-
ployment service, is entitled to use the de-
partment of labor franks and is subject to
instructions from the federal director for the
state and the director-general at Washington.
III. HOW TO PROCEED TO ORGANIZE BU-
REAUS.
Where there is a community labor board it
will, under instructions from the federal direc-
tor for the state, proceed at once to invite the
co-operation of the community council of de-
fense in calling a meeting of all organizations
which are interested in co-operating in the
movement. Such meeting should be presided
over by the chairman of the community labor
board, who will explain the purpose of the or-
ganization. At such meeting a representative
board of management should be chosen. Con-
ditions vary so in different towns and cities
that it is impossible to give any uniform in-
structions as to who should be represented
thereon, except as given above. (See subdivi-
sion II. section 3.)
The board of management chosen at such
meeting- will be called tog-ether by the repre-
sentative thereon of the community labor
board, who will act as temporary chairman,
leaving it to the board to select its perma-
nent officers and to provide its own form of
organization.
Where there is no community labor board
arrangements will be made by >the federal di-
rector of the employment service for the state
with the state council of defense to have the
community council of defense perform for
these purposes the functions of the community
labor board
Work already done in the formation of local
board of management, in so far as it is con-
sistent with these instructions, need not be
undone. If, however, there is any inconsistency,
the work should be so revised as to conform
herewith.
IV. OPERATIONS.
The following are extracts from the report
adopted by the central committee in Washing-
ton relating to co-operation between the gov-
ernment and the associated organizations:
It should be established as the guiding prin-
ciple of administration:
1. That when and in so far as the bureaus
shall be functioning, the separate co-operating
agencies should refrain from doing any direct
placing, and in that respect should limit them-
selves to registering the applicants, and either
directing them to the headquarters of the bu-
reau or acting- as intermediaries between the
applicants
placement.
.ing
ind
applicants and the bureau for the purpose of
2. That they should register all opportuni-
ties that are brought to their attention with
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
701
the bureau, so that it shall be enabled to con-
duct the clearance.
3. That the United States employment serv-
ice shall be used to centralize the records and
to clear jobs and applications within the com-
munity and with other communities.
4. That where the bureaus function properly
the separate agencies shall not as a general
practice, seek jobs for individuals unless with
the approval of the local board, but shall pool
with the bureaus all jobs available, and direct
all men who come to them to the bureau to be
Placed by it.
The bureau manager should maintain a clas-
sified file of opportunities available, and of ap-
plicants, and should see that all possible chan-
nels for obtaining information as to oppor-
tunities are made use of and that both files
arc kept alive and up to date.
He should promptly advise the federal direc-
tor for the state of opportunities that cannot
be filled locally, and also of applicants for
work who cannot find it in the locality.
He will receive from the federal director de-
tailed instructions as to the methods and forms
for reporting. The main object of such re-
ports will be to show any surplus of men or
opportunities: what effect the demobilization
of soldiers and war workers is having upon
the community, and, in general, the number of
placements made by the bureau.
It is the intention to have aa few reports
as possible called for and not in any way
to burden the office with this kind of work.
In order, however, to have an effective sys-
tem of clearance of opportunities and men
between bureaus it is most essential that these1
reports be promptly and accurately made.
In the operation of the bureau in places
where there is an office of the United States
employment service in many cases it may
prove desirable to refer returning war work-
ers and others seeking positions as skilled and
unskilled workmen to such office and limit
the placement work at the bureau to special
classes of workers such as professional and
clerical. The United States employment serv-
ice has a special clearance section for profes-
sional and special men which is in touch with
opportunities throughout the country, particu-
larly for engineers and teachers. This section
should be communicated with through the fed-
eral directors for the states.
Each bureau office should bear a sign read-
ing: "Bureau for returning soldiers and sail-
ors ('and war workers' may be added at the
discretion of the committee) conducted by
the United States employment service and co-
operating agencies." The board may list the
names of the co-operating agencies, should
they consider- it desirable. . .
The United States employment service has
appointed an agent to be stationed in every
demobilization camp who will there be as-
sisted by the camp representative of the
affiliated organization. Each such agent will,
so far as possible, telegraph the federal direc-
tor for the state the probable time of arrival
of discharged soldiers as soon as definite in-
lormation is available.
The federal director will inform the bureaus
affected. As far as possible, this information
will contain the number of men who have
signified their intention to call on the local
bureau for assistance and a general statement
Of the predominating kinds of work desired.
He will mail a card for each man who has
signified a desire for assistance, stating the
kind of work wanted. These cards should be
classified and filed by the manager of the
bureau and where possible matched up with
available opportunities before the man calls
at the bureau, so that on arrival he can be
at once referred to a definite opening.
ILLINOIS EMPLOYMENT OFFICES.
State and municipal offices operating under
the United States employment service:
Alton— 22 Market street.
Aurora — Postoffice building.
Blooming-ton — 320 Greisheim, building.
Cairo — Federal building.
Centralia — 126 North Locust street.
Chicago — 116 North Dearborn street;
1435 East 63d street.
4531 South Ashland avenue.
105 So.uth Jefferson street. •
948 Milwaukee avenue.
3032 South Wabash avenue.
2875 West 22d street.
56 East Randolph street.
9004 Commercial avenue.
German Aid society. 160 North Wella
street.
11441 South Michigan avenue.
673 South State street.
State council of defense. 120 "West Adams
street.
Odd Fellows' league and relief board. Ma-
sonic Templei
Masonic employment bureau. Masonic
Temple.
336 West Madison street (women).
29 South LaSalle street (engineering and
education) .
3141 Lincoln avenue.
Women's employment committee, state
council of defense, room 228 Monadnock
-building.
12 South Canal street.
616 Blue Island avenue.
553 West Madison street (railroad).
Danville— Chamber of commerce.
Decatur — 119 South Water street.
East St. Louis — Maine and Division streets.
Elgin— 208 Chicago street.
Freeport — 162 Stephenson street.
Galesburg — 161 South Cherry street.
Joliet— iScott and Clinton streets.
Kankakee— 160 East Merchant street.
LaSalle— 536 1st street.
Madison — 323 Madison avenue.
Peoria — 512 South Adams street.
Quincy — Chamber of commerce.
Roekford— 118 North Wyman street.
Rock Island— 1915 4th avenue.
Springfield— 210 North 4th street.
Waukegan— Schwartz building:.
SOME DRAMATIC INCIDENTS OF THE WAR.
among other things of his interview with Dr.
von Bethmann-Hollweg, in which the then
German imperial chancellor spoke of the Bel-
gian treaty aa a "scrap of paper." The docu-
In view of the complete defeat of Germany
and her allies in the world war it is interest-
ing to recall some of the incidents connected
with it which, though in themselves com-
paratively unimportant, influenced the outcome
to a considerable extent by alienating the
sympathy of the world from the central em-
pires. Three of these will be told — the "scrap
of paper" story, and the executions of Edith
Cavell and Capt. Fryatt.
THE "SCRAP OF PAPER" BLUNDER.
Soon after the war began the British gov-
ernment published a number of highly im-
portant documents on the diplomatic negotia-
tions immediately preceding the opening of the
war. One of the most dramatic of these was
the dispatch, or rather report, made by Sir Ed-
ward Goschen. British ambassador in Berlin,
to Sir Edward Grey, then the British secre-
tary of state for foreign affairs. It told
ruent is, reproduced herewith in lull:
London, Ausr. R. 1914. — Sir: In accordance
with the instructions contained in your tele-
gram of the 4th instant I called upon the sec-
retary of state that afternoon and inquired
in the name of his majesty's government,
whether the imperial government would refrain
from violating Belgian neutrality. Herr von
Jagow at once replied that he was sorry to
say that his answer must be "No," as, in con-
sequence of the German troops having crossed
the frontier that morning. Belgian neutrality
had been already violated. Herr von Jag9W
again went into the reasons why the imperial
government had been obliged to take this step,
namely, that they had to advance into France
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
by the quickest and easiest way, so as to be
able to get well ahead with their operations
and endeavor to strike some decisive blow
as early as Dossible. It was a matter of life
and death lor them, as if they had gone by the
more sputhern route they could not have
hoped, in view of the paucity of roads and
the strength of the fortresses, to have gpt
through without formidable opposition entail-
ing1 great loss of time. This loss of time
would have meant time gained by the Russians
for bringing1 up their troops to the German
frontier. Rapidity of action was the great
GermaH asset, while that of Russia w.as an in-
exhaustible supply of troops. I pointed out
to Herr von Jagow that this fait accompli of
the violation of the Belgian frontier rendered,
as he would readily understand, the situation
exceedingly grave, and I askad him whether
there was not still time to draw back and
avoid possible consequences, which both he
and I would deplore. He replied that, for
the reasons he had given me, it was now im-
possible for them to draw back.
During the afternoon I received your fur-
ther telegram of the same date, and, in com-
pliance with the instructions therein con-
tained. I again proceeded to the imperial for-
eign office and informed the secretary of state
that unless the imperial government could
give the assurance by 12 o'clock that night
that they would proceed no further with their
violation of the Belgian frontier and stop their
advance, I had been instructed to demand my
passports and inform the imperial government
that his majesty's government would have to
take all steps in their power to uphold the
neutrality of Belgium and the observance of
a treaty to which Germany was as much a
party as themselves.
Herr von Jagqw replied that to his great re-
gret he could give no other answer than that
which he had given me earlier in the day.
namely, that the safety of the empire rendered
it absolutely necessary that the imperial troops
should advance through Belgium. I gave his
excellency a written summary of your tele-
gram, and. pointing1 out that you had men-
tioned 12 o'clock as the time when his majes-
ty's government would expect an answer, asked
him whether, in view of the terrible conse-
quences which would necessarily ensue, it were
not possible even at the last moment that their
answer should be reconsidered. He replied that
if the time given were even twenty-four hours
or more, his answer must be the same. I said
that in that case I should have to demand my
passports. This interview took place at about
7 o'clock. In £ short conversation which en-
sued Herr von Jagow expressed his poignant
regret at the crumbling of his entire policy and
that of the chancellor, which had been to make
friends with Great Britain and then, through
Great Britain, to get closer to France. I said
that this sudden end to my work in Berlin was
to me also a matter of deep regret and disap-
pointment, but that he must understand that
under the circumstances and in view of our
engagements, his majesty's government could
not possibly have acted otherwise than they
had done.
I then said that I should like t$ gro and see
the chancellor, as it might be, perhaps, the last
time I should have an opportunity of seeing1
him. He begged me to do so. I found the
chancellor very agitated. His excellency at
once began a harangue which lasted for about
twenty minutes. He said that the step taken
by his majesty's government was terrible to a
degree: just for a word — "neutrality," a word
which in war time had so often been disregard-
ed— just for a scrap of paper Great Britain was
going to make war on a kindred nation who
desired nothing better than to be friends with
her. All his efforts in that direction had been
rendered useless by this last terrible step, and
the policy to which, as I knew, he had devoted
himself since his accession to office had tum-
bled down like a house of cards. What we
had done was unthinkable- it wag like strik-
ing a man from behind while he was fighting
for his life against two assailants. He held
Great Britain responsible for all the terrible
events that might happen. 1 protested strongly
against that statement, and said that, in the
same way as he and Herr von Jagow wished
me to understand that for strategical reasons
it was a matter of life and death to Germany
to advance through Belgium and violate the
latter's neutrality, so I would wish him to un-
derstand that it was. so to speak, a matter of
"life and death" for the honor of Great Britain
that she should keep her solemn engagement
to dp her utmost to defend Belgium's neutral-
ity if attacked. That solemn compact simply
had to be kept, or what confidence could any
one have in engagements given by Great Britain
in the future? The chancellor said, "But at
what price will that compact have been kept?
Has the British government thought of that?"
I hinted to his excellency as plainly as I could
that fear of consequences could hardly be re-
garded as an excuse for breaking solemn en-
fragements. but his excellency was so excited,
so evidently overcome by the news of our ac-
tion, and so little disposed to hear reason, that
I refrained from adding fuel to the flame by
further argument. As I was leaving he said
that the blow of Great Britain joining Ger-
many's enemies was all the greater that almost
up to the last moment he and his government
had been working with us and supporting our
efforts to maintain peace between Austria and
Russia. I said that this was part of the trag-
edy which saw the two. nations fall apart just
at the moment when the relations between
them had been more friendly and cordial than
they had been for years. Unfortunately, not-
withstanding our efforts to maintain peace
between Russia and Austria, the war had
spread and had brought us face to face with a
situation which, if we held to our engagements.
we could not possibly avoid, and which unfor-
tunately entailed our separation from our late
fellow workers. He would readily understand
that no one regretted this more than I.
After this somewhat painful interview I re-
turned to the embassy and drew up a tele-
graphic report of what had passed. This tele-
gram was handed in at ther central telegraph
office a little before 9 p. m. It was accepted
by that office, but apparently never dispatched.
At about 9:30 p. m. Herr von Zimmermann.
the undersecretary of state, came to see me.
After expressing1 his deep regret that the very
friendly official and personal relations between
us were about to cease, he asked me casually
whether a demand for passports was equiva-
lent to a declaration of war. I said that such
an authority on international law as he was
known to be must know as well or better than
I what was usual in such cases. I added
that there were many cases where diplomatic
relations had been broken off and, nevertheless,
war had not ensued: but that in this case he
would have seen from my instructions, of
which I had given Herr von Jag-ow a written
summary, that his majesty's government ex-
pected an answer to a definite question by 12
o'clock that night and that in default of a sat-
isfactory answer they would be forced to take
such steps as their engagements required. Herr
Zimmermann said that that was, in fact, a
declaration of war, as the imperial government
could not possibly give the assurance required
either that night or any other night.
In the meantime, after Herr Zimmermann left
me, a flying: sheet, issued by the Berliner Tage-
slatt, was circulated, stating that Great Britain
had declared war against Germany. The im-
mediate result of this news was the assemblage
of an exceedingly excited and unruly mob be-
fore his majesty's embassy. The small force
of police which had been sent to guard the
embassy was soon overpowered, and the atti-
tude of the mob became more threatening. We
took no notice of this demonstration as long1
as it was confined to noise, but when the crash
of trlass and the landing of cobblestones into
the drawing- room, where we were all sitting,
warned us that the situation wae getting un-
pleasant. I telephoned to the foreign office an
aooount of what was happening. Herr yon
Jagow at once informed the chief of police,
and an adequate force of mounted police, sent
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
703
with great promptness, very soon cleared the
street. From that moment on we were well
guarded, and no more direct unpleasantness
occurred.
Alter order had been restored Herr von Jagow
came to see me and expressed his most heart-
felt regrets at what had occurred. He said
that the behavior ol his countrymen had
made him feel more ashamed than he had
words to express. It was an indelible stain
on the reputation ol Berlin. He said that the
Hying sheet circulated in the streets had not
been authorized by the government: in fact,
the chancellor had asked him by telephone
whether he thought that such a statement
should bo issued, and he had replied, "Cer-
tainly not, until the morning'." It was in con-
sequence of his decision to that effect that
only a small force of police had been sent to
the neighborhood of the embassy, as he had
thought that the presence of a large force
would inevitably attract attention and -perhaps
lead to disturbances. It was the "pestilential
lageblatt, which had somehow sot hold of
the news, that had upset his calculations. He
had heard rumors that the mob had been ex-
cited to violence by gestures made and mis-
siles thrown from the embassy, but that he
lelt sure that that was not true (I was able
soon to assure him that the report had no
foundation whatever) . and even if it was it
was no excuse lor the disgraceful scenes that
had taken place. He feared that I would take
nome with me a sorry impression of Berlin
manners in moments of excitement. In fact, no
apology could have been more lull and corn-
On the following- morning- Aug-. 5, the em-
EfSL^S?**i.?SS of his majesty's aides de camp
to me with the lollowing- message:
The emperor has charged me to express to
your excellency his regret lor the occurrences
pi Last night, but to tell you at the same time
that you \yill gather Irom those occurrences an
loea of the feelings ol his people respecting
the action of Great Britain in joining- with
other nations against her old allies ol Water-
loo. His majesty also begs that you win tell
the king- that he has been proud ol the titles
of British field marshal and British admiral.
but that in consequence ol what has occurred
he must now at once divest himsell of those
titles."
I would add that the above message lost
none ol its acerbity by the manner ol its de-
livery.
On the other hand. I -would like to state that
I received all through this trying- time nothing
but courtesy at the hands of Herr von Jagow
and the officials at the imperial loreign of-
fice. At about 11 o'clock on the same morn-
ing Count Wedel handed me my passports —
which I had earlier in the day demanded in
writing—and told me that he had been in-
structed to confer with me as to the route
which I should follow for my return to Eng-
land. He said that he had understood that I
preferred the route via the Hook of Holland
to that via Copenhagen; they had therefore
arranged that I should go by the former route
only I should have to wait till the following
morning. I agreed to this, and he said that I
might be quite assured that there would be no
repetition of the disgracelul scenes ol the pre-
ceding night, as full precautions would be
taken. He added that they were doing all in
their power to have a restaurant car attached
to the train, but it was rather a difficult mat-
ter. He also brought me a charming letter
from Herr von Jagow couched in the most
Iriendly terms. Tuesday was passed in packing-
up such articles as time allowed.
The night passed quietly without any inci-
dent. In the morning a strong force of police
was posted along the usual route to the Lehr-
ter station, while the embassy was smuggled
away in taxicabs to the station by side streets.
We there suffered no molestation whatever,
and avoided the treatment meted out by the
crowd to my Russian and French colleagues.
Count Wedel met us at the station to say
good-by on behalf of Herr von Jagow and to
see that all the arrangements ordered lor our
comfort had been properly carried out. A re-
tired colonel of the guards accompanied the
train to the Dutch frontier, and was exceed-
ingly kind in his efforts to prevent the great
crowds which thronged the platfo.rms at every
station where we stopped from insulting us:
but beyond the yelling ol patriotic songs and
a few jeers and insulting gestures we had
really nothing to complain of during our te-
dious journey to the Dutch frontier.
Before closing this long account of our last
days in Berlin I should like to place on record
and bring to your notice the quite admirable
behavior of my staff under the most trying
circumstances possible. One and all, they
worked night and day with scarcely any rest,
and I cannot praise too highly the cheerful
zeal with which counselor, naval and military
attaches, secretaries, and the two young at-
taches buckled to their work and kept their
nerve with often a yelling mob outside and
inside hundreds ol British subjects clamoring
for advice and assistance. I was proud to
have such a staff to work with, and feel most
grateful to them all for the invaluable assist-
ance and support, often exposing them to con-
siderable personal risk, which they so readily
and cheerfully gave to me.
I should also like to mention the great as-
sistance rendered to us all by my American
colleague, Mr. Gerard, and his staff. Unde-
terred by the hooting and hisses with which
he was often greeted by the mob on entering
and leaving the embassy, his excellency came
repeatedly to see me to ask how he could help
us and to make arrangements for the safety
of stranded British subjects. He extricated
many of these Irom extremely difficult situa-
tions at some personal risk to himself, and
his calmness and savoir-faire and his firmness
in dealing with the imperial authorities gave
full assurance that the protection ol British,
sxibjects and interests could not have been
leit in more efflcient and able hands.
I have. etc. W. E. GOSCHEN._
EXECUTION OF MISS EDITH CAVELL,.
Miss Edith Cavell. an English woman, head
ol a training school lor nurses in Brussels, Bel-
gium was arrested there by the Germans Aug.
5 1915, sentenced to death and executed Oct.
12 The charge against her was that she had
harbored lugitive British and French soldiers
and Belgians ol military age and had assisted
them to escape from Belgium in order to join
the colors. Miss Cavell was the daughter of
an English clergyman, the late Rev. Frederick
Cavell. vicar of Swardeston. near Norwich.
She received her training at the London hos-
D1Brand Whitlock. American minister at Brus-
sels made strong efforts to save Miss Cavell
from death, but without avail. Late on the
night of Oct. 11. he sent by a messenger the
lollowing note to the German governor. Baron
von der Lancken:
"My dear Baron: I am too sick to present
my request myself, but I appeal to your gen-
erosity of heart to support it and save from
death this unhappy woman^ ^Have^i*. on
Minister Whitlock telegraphed Oct. 12. to
Ambassador Page in London :
"Miss Cavell was sentenced yesterday and
executed at 2 o'clock this morning despite
our best efforts, continued until the last mo-
mHugh S. Gibson, secretary of the American
legation in Brussels, in a memorandum which
was forwarded with Mr. Whitlock's report to
London and was published with other docu-
ments in the case Oct. 22, in Britain, and gen-
erally throughout the world, said that Hen-
Conrad, an official of the German civil branch,
grave positive assurance on the llth that the
American legr.tion would be fully informed ol
the developments in the case. .
"Despite these assurances, said Mr. Gibson,
"we made repeated inquiries that day, the last
one at 6:30 p. m. Mr. Conrad then stated
that aentence had not been pronounced and
specifically renewed his previous assurances
704
ALMANAC AND YEAP-BOOK FOR 1919.
that he would not fail to inform us as soon
as there was any news. At 8 :30 it was
learned from an outside source that sentence
had been naased in the afternoon, before the
last conversation with Mr. Conrad, and that
the execution would take place during- the
night."
Mr. Gibson, accompanied by Mr. Delavan,
counselor of the American legation, and the
Spanish minister to Belgium, went to Baron
von der Lancken's headauarters and pleaded
earnestly with him for delay in carrying- out
the sentence. The baron said that the mili-
tary governor was the supreme authority and
that an appeal from his decision could only be
earned to the emperor. The military governor
in a conference with the baron said he had
acted only after mature deliberation and that
he considered the death penalty imperative.
Miss Cavell was tried by a court-martial with
others accused of the same offense and was
shot in the prison oi St. Gilles at 2 o'clock in
the. morning1 by a squad of soldiers. Those
who saw her before and at the time of her
execution said that she met her death bravely.
She acknowledged at the trial that she had
helped soldiers to escape, but there seems to
be nothing on record to show that she had
been guilty of spying-.
In view of all the circumstances and of the
fact, announced in Minister Whitlock's report
to Ambassador Pare, that she had nursed Ger-
man officers and soldiers, the execution of Miss
Cavell aroused much adverse criticism, not
only in Great Britain but in neutral countries.
Services attended by many distinguished per-
sons were held in St. Paul's cathedral. London.
Oct. 29. in memory of the dead nurse and
steps were taken to erect a monument in her
honor.
Dr. Alfred F. M. Zimmermann, German under-
secretary for foreign affairs, issued a Ion?
statement. Oct. 24. justifying- the execution of
Miss Cavell on the ground that she Was at the
head of "a well thought out. worldwide con-
spiracy to render the most valuable services
to the enemy to the disadvantage ol our
army."
EXECUTION OF CAPT. FRYATT.
Capt. Charles Fryatt. commander of the
Great Eastern Railway company's liner Brus-
sels, was executed by the Germans in Brugres,
Belgium. July 27, 1916, under circumstances
which caused his case to be compared with
that of Miss Edith Cavell, the British nurse
who was executed in Brussels, Belgium. Oct.
12. 1915. The official German account of the
affair was as follows:
"On Thursday (July 27). at Bruges, before
the court-martial of the marine corps, the
trial took place of Capt. Charles Fryatt of the
British steamer Brussels, which was brought in
as a prize. The accused was condemned to
death because, although he was not a member
of a combatant force, he made an attempt on
the afternoon of March 28. 1915. to ram the
German submarine "U" 33 near the Maas light-
ship. The accused as well as the first officer
and the chief engineer of the steamer received
at The time from the British admiralty a gold
watch as a reward for his. brave conduct on
that occasion and his action was mentioned
with praise in the house of commons.
"On the occasion in question, disregarding1
the "U" boat's signal to stop and show his na-
tional flag, he turned at a critical moment at
high speed on the submarine, which escaped
the steamer by a, few meters only by imme-
diately diving. He confessed that in so doing
he had acted in accordance with the instruc-
tions of the admiralty. The sentence was con-
firmed yesterday (Thursday) afternoon and
carried out by shooting. One of the many ne-
farious franc-tireur proceeding's of the British
merchant marine against our war vessels has
thus found a belated but merited expiation."
Though efforts were made by James W. Ger-
ard, American ambasador to Germany, on be-
half of tjie British government to secure a
postponement of the trial and to have the cap-
tain represented by competent counsel, they
were without effect. The ambassador was in-
formed through the German foreign office that
no postponement could be granted because the
witnesses from the German submarine could
not be further detained. He was also in-
formed that a Mai. Neumann, an attorney and
justizrath (counselor of justice) in civil life,
had been named to defend Capt. Fryatt. De-
tails of the trial and execution were withheld.
It was said that the captain was sentenced in
the morning and was shot toward afternoon in
an open space on the harbor premises.
The Brussels, which Capt. Fryatt command-
ed, hod been plying between Harwich and the
Hook of Holland carrying passengers across
the English channel. It was captured June
23 by German warships and taken to Zee-
brugge, the officers and crew being confined at
Ruhleben. i civilian internment camp. It did
not become known until the middle of July
that the captain was to be tried on the charge
of attempting to ram a German submarine
while he was commander of the steamer Wrex-
ham. The British government then sought to
secure counsel for him. with the result al-
ready noted. Foreign Secretary Grey asked the
American ambassador in London, Walter Hines
Page, to inform Ambassador Gerard in Berlin
that the British government was satisfied that
in committing the act impugned Capt. Fryatt
acted legitimately in self-defense for the pur-
pose of evading capture or destruction. The
secretary's communication to Mr. Page con-
tinued :
"His majesty'* government considered that
the act of a merchant ship in steering1 for
an enemy submarine and forcing it to dive
is essentially defensive, and precisely on the
same footing as the use by a defensively armed
vessel of its defensive armament in order to
resist capture, which both the United States
government and his majesty's government hold
to be the exercise of an undoubted right."
It was contended by the British authorities
that Capt. Fryatt and his subordinate officers,
under the terms of the German prize regula-
tions, should have been treated as prisoners of
war. German officials, on the other hand,
held that under the prize regulations adopted
before the war began merchantmen were not
entitled to commit acts of war and were liable
to be treated as pirates if they attempted to
do so.
Great indignation was caused in England
and all parts of the empire at the execution of
Capt. Fryatt. In the house of commons. July
31, Prime Minister Asquith denounced the
execution as an atrocious crime against the
law of nations and the usages of war. On
Aug. 16. in replying- to a question in the house
of commons, he said the government was de-
termined that "this country will not tolerate
a resumption of diplomatic relations with Ger-
many after the war until reparation is made
for the murder of Capt. Fryatt."
POSTAGE ON MAIL BY AIRPLANE.
Postmaster-General Burleson issued on Nov.
30, 1918. the following order effective Dec.
15. 1918:
"Mail carried by airplane shall be charged
with postage at the rate of 6 cents an ounee
or fraction thereof. Such mail shall consist
of matter of the first class, including sealed
parcels not exceeding 30 inches in length and
girth combined. The postage on airplane
mail shall be fully prepaid with special air-
plane postage stamps or with ordinary postage
stamps; when the latter are used mail should
be indorsed: 'By airplane.' Airplane mail
bearing, in addition to the regular postage, a
special-delivery stamp or its equivalent in OT-
dinary postage stamps shall be given special
delivery service: when the latter are used the
mail should be indorsed 'Special delivery.' "
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
705
CHICAGO AND THE WORLD WAJB.
Following Is a chronological resume of the chief
events in Chicago in 1917 and 1918 having
direct connection with the world struggle:
1917.
Jan. 11-20— Allied bazaar in Coliseum nets $535,-
868.26 for war relief.
April 27 — Conference of Illinois mayors adopts
resolutions urging all communities to increase
garden and farm products.
April 28 — City council, Gov. Lowden and citizens
in mass meeting extend cordial invitation to
Joffre-Vlviani mission to visit Chicago and the
state; Mayor William Hale Thompson's refusal
to extend invitation in the name of the city
severely criticized.
April 28— Theodore Roosevelt makes two war
speeches, one at a luncheon at the Hotel Lu
Salic and another at a mass meeting in the
stockyards pavilion under the auspices of the
National Security league.
April 30 — Northwestern university hospital unit
No. 12 gets orders to get ready to leave for
the east.
May 3 — James W. Gerard, former ambassador to
Germany, makes war speech before the Chi-
cago Bar association. '
May 4 — French war mission, headed by Marshal
Joffre and Rene Viviani, receives enthusiastic
welcome: mass meeting In Auditorium.
May 5 — Military parade in honor of French mis-
sion.
May 8— Lord Cunliffe, governor of the Bank of
England, visits city on financial mission; given
banquet by federal bank reserve officials.
May 9 — Recruiting of railway men for engineer
regiment rushed: committee formed to urge
military training by citizens: women's com-
mittee of Illinois state council of defense
formed in Chicago.
May 12 — State council of defense urges congress
to enact law for rigid control of basic com-
modities.
May 14 — Speculation in wheat futures temporarily
barred by board of trade.
May 16— Base hospital unit No. 12 leaves tor
France.
May 17 — Plans for using the municipal pier as
barracks for 3d reserve engineers' regiment
announced.
May 18 — National guard regiments get orders to
recruit to full war strength at once; committee
named to supervise conscription registration in
Chicago.
May 20— Chicago Jews raise $500,000 for war re-
lief: Instructions to prepare for active service
received by 1st regiment, I. N. G,
May 21— Italian war mission invited to Chicago;
British labor commission arrives.
May 23— Washington orders 1st Illinois cavalry
to be converted into an artillery regiment.
May 26— Peace meeting held in Auditorium ; anti-
peace riot in Grant park.
May 29— Military parade for benefit of liberty
loan.
May 30— John Phjlip Sousa enlists to take charge
of band at Great Lakes naval training utation.
May 31— First regiment in training camp at
Cicero.
June 3— Polish demonstration of loyalty to the
United States held at Kosciuszko monument in
Humboldt park.
June 5 — Registration for national army takes
place ; exemption districts fixed : Former Pres-
ident Taft speaks at Auditorium. '
June 11 — City council passes loyalty resolution.
June 17 — Italian wac mission arrives in Chicago.
June 18— Red Cross campaign for war fnnd be-
gun; Senator Gugllelmo Marconi speaks at ban-
quet given In honor of Italian war mission;
Russian war mission makes brief halt in Chi-
cago.
June 26— Chicago's contribution to Red Cross fund
exceeds $5.000.000.
July 2— Belgian war mission visits Chicago.
July 3 — Banquet given Belgian mission.
July 14— Exemption boards complete preliminary
work.
July 20— Draft day.
July 21— Chicago's regiment of engineers leaves
for the east
July 22— Forty-eighth Canadian highlanders pa-
rade in loop district.
July 23 — Chicago's net quota for the first na-
tional army announced as 24,982.
July 25 — Remainder of Chicago national guard
regiments mobilized for war service; 2d field
artillery goes into camp at the foot of Chicago
avenue; draft appeal boards announced.
July 26— Mass meeting at Coliseum; allied parade
in downtown district.
Aug. 1— Local exemption iboards begin ^work
Aug. 3 — Warm welcome given to Russian com-
mission.
Aug. 4 — Great parade in honor of Chicago's men
chosen for the national army; mass meeting in
honor of Russian commissioners.
Aug. 5 — Chicago Poles protest against German
atrocities.
Aug. 15— Advance guard from 2d and 7th in-
fantry leave for training camp at Houston,
Tex.
Aug. 23— Chicago's draft quota filled.
Aug. 25 — Dealing in futures closed by board of
trade for the duration of the war.
Aug. 27— Appeal board certifies first 3.000 for
national army.
Aug. 28 — First regiment goes to Camp Grant at
Rockford.
Aug. 29— Detachment of the 149th field artillery
(formerly 1st Illinois cavalry) leaves for the
east; Harry A. Wheeler becomes state food ad-
ministrator; farewell ceremony in Grant park
for 2d infantry.
Aug. 31— Good-by said to the 8th regiment.
Sept. 2 — Mayor Thompson permits pacifist meet-
ing in Chicago in defiance of Gov. Lowden.
Sept. 4 — All Chicago regiments ordered south;
first 250 national army men leave for Rockford.
Sept. 5— The 149th field artillery arrives at Camp
Mills, Garden City. L. I.
Sept. 6— Second field artillery leaves for Camp
Logan, Tex.
Sept. 10 — Second Illinois infantry leaves for
Houston, Tex.
Sept. 12— Hospital units leave camp in Grant
park for the south.
Sept. 14 — Great patriotic mass meeting in Coli-
seum addressed by Elihu Root and Samuel
Gompers.
Sent. 19— -Mayor Thompson proclaims city's loy-
alty.
Sept. 20 — Chicago sends 2,000 more men to Camp
Grant.
Sept. 24— Chicago opens drive for soldiers' libra-
ries: memorial services held for Paul Cody
Bentley, a Chicago ambulance rnaa killed in
France.
Sept. 29— Seventh regiment leaves for Houston,
Tex.
Oct. 1— First regiment leaves Camp Grant for
Houston. Tex.; second liberty loan campaign
begun In Chicago.
Oct. 2— Secretary William G. McAdoo speaks on
liberty loan in Orchestra hall.
Oct. 10— Swiss food commission arrives.
Oct. 12 — Eighth infantry (colored) leaves for
Houston. Tex.
Oct. 13 — Former President Taft speaks for lib-
erty loan at Coliseum; John E. Williams ap-
pointed Illinois fuel administrator.
Oct. 14— Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis speaks1 to
5.00O in Auditorium on German atrocities.
Oct. 16— City council rebukes mayor for peace
meeting.
Oct. 17— Detachment of 13th battalion of Cana-
dian Black Watch visits Chicago: attends pa-
triotic rally in 2d regiment armory.
Oct. IS— Black Watch given ovation at patriotic
rally 1n the White City.
Oct. 21— Wheatless and meatless days announced;
great patriotic demonstration In Grant park and
in Auditorium.
Oct. 22— Secretary Daniels of the navy depart-
ment visits Chicago and makes several
speeches: James W. Gerard speaks to great
meeting In Medlnah temple.
Oct. 24— Lord Northcliffe. head of British war
706
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
commission, visits Chicago and speaks at a
banquet; first "wheatless" day observed; lib-
erty loan parade; Chicago adds $50,000,000 to
second liberty loan.
Oct. 27— Chicago passes its maximum quota or
$180.000,000 for liberty loan.
Oct. 29 — Chicago's subscription to liberty loan
averages $80 per capita. .
Nov. 28— (Loyalty mass meeting held in Medinai
temPle* 1918.
Jan. ll^-Coal supply limited by Illinois fuel
administrator.
Jan. 18 — Factories shut down in response to
order from Fuel Administrator Garfield.
Jan. 21— First fuelless -Monday.
Feb. 4 — Registration of German aliens begins.
March 3 — Chicago Russians oppose Japanese
move in Siberia.
March 4— Work on new $3,000,000 TJ. S. ware-
house begun.
March 9 — Chicago made division center of ord-
nance department.
March 19— Capt. Roald Amundsen lectures on
his visit to American front in France.
March 19 — University of Chicago rescinds hon-
orary degree conferred on Count von Bern-
storff.
April 2— Parade of boy farm workers.
April 6— Drive for third liberty loan begins:
military parade.
April 10 — Secretary of the Navy Josephus Dan-
iels speaks in stockyards for liberty loan.
April 11 — Lord Reading speaks at Auditorium.
April 16— Name of Bismarck school ordered
changed.
April 20— Labor unions in liberty loan parade.
April 21 — Italian parade in aid of liberty loan.
April 26 — Liberty day parade.
May 5— Prof. Masaryk of Czecho-Slovak rev-
olutionary committee honored by Chicago
Bohemians in parade.
May 11 — War savings pledge week opened.
May 18 — Red Cross war campaign opened.
May 26 — Detachment of Belgian veterans pa-
rade in loop.
May 29 — Famous French veterans, the "Blue
Devils," welcomed in Chicago.
June 5 — Registration under selective draft of
Chicagoans reaching age of 21 in lasi year.
July 4 — Secretary of War Baker speaks at
Auditorium.
July 11— City searched for "slackers."
July 14 — French Bastille day observed.
July 20 — Belgian independence day celebrated.
Aug. 8— Gen. Pau and French mission to Aus-
tralia entertained at dinner.
Aug. 24— Pershing patriot honor roll closes
with 1,000,000 names.
Sept. 1 — First gasless (automobile) Sunday.
Sept. 2 — Government war exposition opens in
Grant park.
Sept. 4 — Bomb explosion at postoffice.
Sept. 12 — Registration of men from 18 to 45
for army.
Sept. 25 — Soldiers of French foreign legion
honored.
Sept. 28 — Fourth liberty loan drive begins.
Oct. 9 — Italian bersaglieri veterans feted.
Oct. 12 — Great liberty loan parade held.
Oct. 19 — Bohemisyns celebrate recognition of
Czecho-Slovak state.
Nov. 7 — Premature celebration of peace.
Nov. 8 — Visit of British educational mission.
Nov. 11— Peace celebration.
Nov. 22 — Victory meeting at Auditorium.
CHICAGO'S WAR EFFORT.
In all branches of war work Chicago "went
"over the top" in 1918. No adequate state-
ment of what was accomplished by the city
can yet be made as the books at this writing
(December. 1918) are not yet closed. Else-
where in this volume will be found some de-
tails as to the work of the local chapter
of the Red Cross: other activities are indi-
cated in the foregoing chronology. Chicago
contributed liberally in work and money, but
she did more. She gave of her best blood, as
did other American communities, to win the
war against Prussianism. A partial list of
Chicago men who laid down their lives on the
battle fields of France is given on another
page; it is not a short list. When the com-
plete roll of honor is printed it will be one
of which Chicago may well be proud for all
time to come.
TROOPS ENGAGED IN UNITED STATES WAES.
Military and naval forces employed by the government since 1775 up to the time of the
European war.
War. , Date. Total. I War. Date. Total.
309,791 | Cayuse Indian (Ore.) 1848
8.983 I Texas Indian 1849-56
Revolution 1775-83
Northwestern Indian 1790-95
France 1798-1800
Tripoli 1801-05
Indian (Harrison) 1811-13
War of 1812 1812-15
Creek Indian 1813-14
Seminole 1817-18
Winnebago (Wis.)- 1827
Sac and Fox (111.) 1831
Black Hawk 1832
Cherokee removal 1833-39
Seminole (Fla.) 1835-42
Sabine Indian 1836-37
Creek (Fla.) 1836-37
"Patriot" (frontier) 1838-39
Seminole (Fla.) 1842-58
Mexico 1846-48
4.593
3.330
910
576.G22
13.781
6.911
1.416
"M65
9.494
41,122
4.429
13.418
1.500
Apache (Utah) 1849-55
California Indian 1849-55
Utah Indian 1851-53
Oregon. Washington Indian 1851-56
Comanche 1854
Seminole 1855-58
Civil war 1861-66
Spanish-American 1898-99
Philippine 1899-1902 140,038
Pekin (China) expedition 1900-01 6.913
Total 4.371.839
The total in this table includes re-enlistments.
The total number of Individuals is estimated at
3.304,993, of whom 2,213,363 served in the civil
war.
1,116
4.243
2.561
265
540
5.145
503
2.687
2,778,304
312.523
HEAD OF FAMILY DEFINED.
In collecting income taxes the exact mean-
ing of the term "head of a family" became
the subject of some controversy, and in April,
1918, the commissioner of internal revenue
rendered a decision in which he said:
"A head of a family is a person who actu-
ally supports and maintains one or more of
the individuals described in paragraph 153 of
the regulations in one household. In the ab-
sence of continuous actual residence together,
whether or not a person with dependents is a
head of a family within the meaning of the
statute, must depend on the character of the
separation. If a child or other dependent is
away only temporarily at school or on a
visit, the common home being still maintained,
the additional exemption applies. If, however,
the dependent continuously makes his home
elsewhere his benefactor is not the head of a
family, irrespective of the question of sup-
port."
Paragraph 153 of the income tax regula-
tions referred to by the commissioner reads:
"A head of a family is a person who actu-
ally supports and maintains one or more
individuals who are closely connected with
him by blood relationship, relationship by mar-
riage, or by adoption, and whose right to exer-
cise family control and provide for these de-
pendent individuals is based upon some moral
or legal obligation."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
707
INDEPENDENCE DAY FOR ALL PEOPLES.
On July 4, 1918, the following- Independence
day message written by President Wilson was
read by. "lour minute" men to patriotic gath-
erings in 5.300 communities in every part of
the United States:
You are met, my fellow citizens, to com-
memorate the signing: of that declaration of
independence which marked the awakening of
a new spirit in the lives of nations. Since the
birth of our republic we have seen this spirit
grow. We have heard the demand and
watched the struggle for sell -government
spread and triumph among many peoples. We
have come to regard the right to political
liberty as the common right of humankind.
Year after year, within the security of our
borders, we have continued to rejoice in the
peaceful increase of freedom and democracy
throughout the world. And yet now, sud-
denly, we are confronted with a menace which
endangers everything that we have won and
everything- that the world has won.
In all its old insolence, with all its ancient
cruelty and injustice, military autocracy has
again armed itself against the pacific hopes
of men. Having, suppressed self-government
among its own people by an organization
maintained in part by falsehood and treach-
ery, it has set out to impose its will upon its
neighbors and' upon us. One by one it
has compelled every civilized nation in the
world either to forego its aspirations or to de-
clare war in their defense. We find ourselves
fighting again for our national existence. We
are face to face with the necessity of asserting
anew the fundamental right of free men to
make their own laws and choose their own
allegiance, or else permit humanity to become
the victim of a ruthless ambition that is de-
termined to destroy what it cannot master.
Against its threat the liberty loving- people
cf the world have risen and allied themselves.
No fear has deterred them and no bribe of
material well-being has held them back. They
have made sacrifices such as the world has
never known before, and their resistance in
the face of death and suffering- has proved
tnat the aim which animates the German ef-
iort can never hope to rule the spirit of
mankind. Against the horror of military con-
quest, against the emptiness of living- in mere
bodily contentment, against the- desolation of
becoming part of a state that knows neither
truth nor honor, the wjorld has so revolted
that even people long- dominated and sup-
pressed by force have now begun to stir and
arm themselves.
Centuries of subjugation have not destroyed
the racial aspirations of the many distinct
peoples of eastern Europe, nor have they ac-
cepted the sordid ideals of their political and
military masters. They have survived the
slow persecutions of peace as well as the
agonies of war and now demand recognition
for then* just claims to autonomy and self-
arovernment. Representatives of these races
are with you to-day voicing their loyalty to
our ideals and offering their services in the
common cause. I ask you., fellow citizens,
to unite with them, in making" this our Inde-
pendence day the first that shall be conse-
crated to a declaration of independence for
all the peoples of the world.
Worldwide Celebration of July .}.
Newspaper dispatches chronicled briefly the
fact that America's Independence day was
celebrated at various places throughout the
world, not by a few American citizens as in
previous years, but by the native populations
and officials. The state department was ad-
vised of many of these celebrations in tele-
grams, some of which are here reproduced as
summarized by the department.
The flag of the United States flew with that
of Great Britain over Buckingham palace, the
government offices and the houses of parlia-
ment, as well as over great numbers of private
buildings. This manifestation was quite gen-
eral and not typical of London alone. At the
Central hall. Westminster, there was held dur-
ing the morning a large Anglo-Saxon fellow-
ship meeting. The bishop of London opened
the ceremonies and the speakers included
Winston Churchill, and for the United States
Admiral Sims, Gen. Biddle and G-. H. Putnam.
In the afternoon King George and Queen
Alexandra and other members of the royal
family, including the duke of Connaught, at-
tended a baseball game between army and navy
teams. The game was played at the Chelsea
football grounds.
The charge d'affaires adds that the evidence
of popular fritendly understanding1 between the
two countries has raised the spirits of every-
body, and thait the timely and encouraging
announcements from America have been very
helpful.
Holiday in Italy. ^
A telegram from Rome stated that the day
was proclaimed a public holiday in honor of
the United States throughout Italy, and from
reports received was enthusiastically celebrated
everywhere. The embassy was the recipient
of some 500 telegrams and letters of congratu-
lation and fraternity from municipalities, pub-
lic bodies and individuals.
At Rome the ovation could not have been
more universal, enthusiastic and impressive.
Thousands of people waving- American flags
assembled during- the afternoon along the
route between the American embassy and the
Victor Emmanuel monument. In the his-
toric Piazza Venetia, before the steps leading
up to the Victor Emmanuel monument, nota-
ble addresses were made in the presence of
a most distinguished gathering of ministers,
senators, deputies and other high civil and
military officials. The entire diplomatic corps
was present, including- the British ambassador
and staff. Speeches, cordial and patriotic,
were made by the mayor of Rome, Prince
Colonna, and By Leonida Bissolati, ex-minister
and former leader of the socialists. He spoke
*& length with great eloquence, and his
speech, which was most eulogistic, attracted
great attention. Others who spoke were Sena-
tor Cotillo of New York; ex-Minister Ruffini:
Maj. Byrne of the American Red Cross, and
Capt. Deroode. After this ceremony there
was a procession of patriotic societies with
their banners up the wide Via Nazionale, pro-
fusely decorated with American, Italian and
ally flags, to the American embassy. Here
an informal reception was held, many of the
highest civil and military authorities being
present. Addresses were delivered from the
balcony of the chancellery of the embassy by
Deputy Barzilai and the American ambassador,
who spoke in Italian to the immense crowd
which packed the square below.
It is generally believed that there has
never been at Rome a more enthusiastic or
larger popular demonstration. It is estimated
that 100,000 people took, part in it. Similar
ovations occurred in the principal cities of
Italy. The small body of wounded soldiers
who had come from the front in France at-
tracted great attention.
Ambassador Thomas Nelson Page adds:
"No manifestation which I have ever s^en
in Italy has. ever made a deeper impression
en me."
Celebration by Belgians.
Following- is a report of the celebration of
the Fourth of July from Mr. Whitlock at
Havre:
Most touching- demonstrations were made on
the Fourth of July by the Belgian government
and Belgian citizens. A beautiful and affect-
ing ceremony was held in the morning, when
Belgian troops, commanded by Gen. Der Utte,
saluted our flag with many spontaneous ac-
clamations of the president and the navy. All
the Belgian ministers, members of the diplo-
matic corps and the officers commanding the
Belgian, French. British. Portuguese and
American bases in Havre were present. . I re-
ceived an eloquent telegram from the minister
of war. who is at the front. The president's
portrait was displayed in all the schools and
708
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Lincoln's Gettysburg1 address was read to the
school children. Addresses were presented at
the legation by delegations representing refu-
eeea and several Belgian, societies.
Tribute in Chile.
A. telegram from the American embassy at
Santiago. Chile, said that all the newspapers
on July 4 commented enthusiastically on Amer-
ican Independence day. La Nacion said that
the United States to-day was at the height of
its greatness, and shows that it continues to
increase in the huge proportions characteristic
of American enterprise.
Mercuri9 said that this Fourth ol July could
be appreciated even more keenly in the midst
of a war wherein the United States was
straining every effort to secure a world peace,
a real peace which right and not force will
dictate. In the midst of extraordinary times
not only can the United States be great in in-
dustry, commerce and science, but she knows
how to. take up arms and fight honorably for
great ideals of liberty and right. South
American nations are proud to-day, the pa-
per said, of their great sister and fervently
pray that her glories in war and her economic
successes may be great.
The Diario said that if the state of war
and conditions of peace are in favor of the en-
tente it will be due to the strength of the
United States, which is being felt in spite ol
distance. What is most interesting in the role
of the United States is that they enter a con-
flict without seeking to satisfy their own am-
bitions and with ideals, like that of a league
of nations, to insure future peace.
In Brazil.
A telegram to the department of state from
the American ambassador at Bio de Janeiro
says that Independence day was being com-
memorated as a national holiday in Brazil.
There was much popular enthusiasm. The
streets were decorated and there was a pa-
rade of Brazilian naval, military and volun-
teer forces during the afternoon and a popu-
lar torchlight procession in the evening. All
of the newspapers published sympathetic
articles appreciative of President Wilson and
America's disinterested flght for democracy.
The American colony held a religious serv-
ice on the evening of July 3 and a patriotic
celebration on the Fourth, to which all their
friends were invited. Addresses were de-
livered by Bishop Lucien Kinsolving and
others.
Celebration at Algiers.
A telegram from the American consul at
Algiers said that a parade and a most en-
thusiastic demonstration by the civil and mil-
itary establishments in honor of the United
States took place on the evening of July 3
before the American consulate. It was a
unique occurrence in the history of the city.
The Fourth was a complete holiday. A re-
view of troops took place in the forenoon,
with official visits from colonial, municipal
and other authorities to the consulate. There
were other festivities throughout the day and
evening. Arches, a statue ol Liberty and
other elaborate decorations were erected. The
consul states that the celebration constituted
an unprecedented homage to a foreign nation.
The American consul at St. Pierre. Marti-
nique, said that there are no Americans there,
but that Fourth of July would be celebrated
by the French colonists and the colonial gov-
ernment as a national fete.
Observed at Saltillo, Mexico.
The Allied club at Saltillo. Mexico, sent the
following telegram to the American consul
at Piedras Negras :
"All business houses with the exception ol
German closed to-day in honor of your coun-
try. Accept our congratulations."
Telegram from Brisbane.
A consular telegram to the department of
state says that the mayor and council of Bris-
bane requested the transmission of the follow-
ing cablegram to the 'president of the United
States:
"On this the national day of the United
States of America, the mayor and aldermen
of the city of Brisbane, the metropolis of
Queensland, lor and on behalf of the citizens,
tender their felicitations to the people of the
United States of America on their 142 years
of free and independent government and ex-
press their appreciation of the wholehearted
manner in which the United States ol America
have entered upon and, in conjunction with
Great Britain and her allies, are prosecuting
the war against the enemies of liberty, free-
dom and justice."
Roumanian Colony at Paris.
The American ambassador at Paris reported
that representatives of the Roumanian colony
of Paris called upon him on July 3. stating
that in a desire to participate in the great
manifestation of friendship and admiration
which is taking place in France on the Fourth,
of July, they send to the president the follow-
ing message:
"To His Excellency President Woodrow Wil-
son: The Roumanian colony of Paris have
the honor to present to you their respectful
homage on the occasion of the national fete ol
liberty. They express the mos^ ardent hopes
for the victory of the armies of the great
American democracy who are fighting so gen-
erously and with such noble valor for the
cause ol liberty for all oppressed peoples."
Holiday at Tunis.
A consular telegram from Tunis says that
the Fourth of July was enthusiastically cele-
brated publicly and privately throughout the
regency. A holiday was proclaimed. The city
ol Tunis was dressed with flags and there were
a review and speeches. At night there was
a torchlight procession ol troops with music.
Celebration at Havre, France.
The American consul at Havre sent the lol-
lowing telegram to the department ol state:
"The authorities and inhabitants ol Havre
and the entire region honored the United
States by a most enthusiastic and impressive
celebration ol Independence day.
"The municipal council ol Havre passed
cordial resolutions, which were delivered to
me on the Fourth by Mayor Morgand, at a
brilliant ceremony at the hotel de ville. at-
tended by distinguished representatives of all
the allied governments."
A consular telegram to the department of
state from Dakar says that Independence day
was gloriously celebrated by all the French
in West Africa.
The American consul at Swansea sent the
following text ol a resolution adopted by the
Swansea chamber ol commerce:
"That this meeting ol members of the Swan-
sea chamber of commerce, on Independence
day. July 4, tenders to Mr. Moorhead, the
United States consul at Swansea, and through
him to President Wilson and the people of
America, the ^expression of their, heartiest
greetings and felicitations and their admira-
tion of the wholeheartedness that America has
demonstrated in the fight for liberty and jus-
tice, expressing also their full confidence in
the complete success of the allied cause. '
The mayor of Swansea issued proclamations
calling on all citizens to decorate buildings
with American flags.
Exchange of Messages.
The department of state made public the
following exchanges ol telegrams:
From the President of France to the President
of the United States.
"Paris, July 3, 1918.— His Excellency Wood-
row Wilson, President ol the Bepublic of the
United States of America, Washington:
"The government of the republic, at one with
all the national tepresentatives and the whole
country, ordained that to-morrow, the Inde-
pendence day ol the United States, shall also
be a French holiday. Paris will give your
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
709
glorious name to one of its handsomest ave-
nues and acclaim to the skies the parade of
the valiant American soldiers. In every de-
partment, m every town, large and small, these
manifestations of fraternity will be echoed.
Two peoples in communion of thought will,
one and all, remember the flg-hts of old that
•won liberty for America and hope for the
forthcoming1 victories which will secure for
the world a just and fruitful peace based on
•the law of nations and foi-tified by the ap-
proval of human conscience. Permit me, Mr.
President, cordially to extend to you on the
eve of that great day of union and conridence
the wishes and felicitations of France for the
United States and yourself.
"RAYMOND POINCARE."
From the President of the United States to the
President of France.
"The White House, July 6. 1918.— His Ex-
cellency Raymond Poincare, President of the
Republic. Paris: With a full heart I welcome
your message of congratulation upon the
American day of independence. It is fitting1
that this glorious anniversary should witness
the fraternity of free peoples in the cause of
national self-determinati9n. The happy fruit-
age of the ancient association of our lands in
the cpmmon cause of liberty is to-day fitly
seen in the union of our countries in the
splendid task of upholding- their rights in the
lace of barbaric aggression. My countrymen
are alike gratified and filled with pride at the
tribute of brotherly affection which the
French people are offering them so generously
a, every point of intercourse. I most hope-
fully reciprocate your prayerful wish that this
may all presage the ultimate triumph of the
rights of France and America not only, but
also the rights of humanity.
"WOODROW WILSON."
From the Eing of the Belgians to the President
of the United States.
"Dr. Wcodrow Wilson, President of the
United States of America, Washington: On the
occasion of the memorable anniversary oc-
curring1 on the Fourth of July, I wish to
thank once more the great American nation
for its untiring efforts toward ameliorating
the unfortunate condition of my fellow coun-
trymen and to express to it my admiration for
the bravery displayed by its great army on
the battle fields of France. Be pleased. Mr.
President, to accept the ardent wishes I make
for the greatness and prosperity of the United
States of America. ALBERT."
From the President of the United States to
the King of the Belgians.
"The White House, July 6, 1918.— His Maj-
esty Albert, King of the Belgians: Your
message is very welcome to the American
government and people. It comes at a time
when the seeds of nationwide compassion have
yielded the ripe harvest of brotherly union
in the common cause of defending the freedom
and the right of human communities to live
lor themselves and shape their own destinies.
May the clouds that overshadow our countries
soon pass away, and the sun of world right-
eousness arise, spreading- its healing beams
over the enfranchised lands and peoples of
the earth. To this the liberty loving- world is
dedicating1 its noblest efforts without stint
or reservation, and may God defend the right.
"WOODROW WILSON."
From the President of Cuba to the President
of the United States.
"Habana, July 3, 1918.— The Hon. Woodrow
Wilson. President of the United States, Wash-
ington, D. C. : I send to your excellency my
most cordial congratulations on the occasion
of the Fourth of July, always a glorious day
for all the free peoples, but now more revered
than ever lor its significance in the supreme
conflict which is to decide the future of lib-
erty and democracy in the world. I tak°
pleasure in informing your excellency that it
has afforded me patriotic satisfaction to ap-
prove the law enacted by the congress which
makes the Fourth of July a holiday in Cuba.
"M. G. MENOCAL,
"President of the Republic of Cuba."
From the President of the United States to
the President of Cuba.
"The White House, July 6, 1918.— His Ex-
cellency M. G. Menocal, President of Cuba,
Habana : I thank your excellency most sin-
cerely lor your highly appreciated Fourth of
July message and ask you to be so good as
to make known to the government and people
of Cuba the hig-h appreciation of the govern-
ment -and people of the United States of
Cuba s fraternal and complimentary action in
making- our Independence day a holiday in
Cuba. I need not assure you that the people
and government of the United States have the
welfare and happiness of the people of Cuba
deeply at heart. WOODROW WILSON."
Prom the President of Brazil to the President
of the United States.
"Rio. July 4, 1918.— To His Excellency
Mr. Woodrow Wilson, President of the
Republic, Washington: Brazil joins in the
American pepple's rejoicing: over the glorious
date of their political emancipation which
your excellency greatly enhanced by bring-
ing1 the United States into this war to
decide the destinies of the world. So strong
and so suggestive is the expression of its mil-
itary power exclusively devoted to the moral
and political equipoise of the nations and so
disinterested are the purposes of its interven-
tion in Europe, valuing right higher than
peace, that this is the day of all the free peo-
ples, who, looking forward to the future in
great confidence, pray to God lor the happi-
ness of the United States.
"May your excellency be pleased to accept
the enthusiastic congratulations of the govern-
ment and people of Brazil.
"WENCESLAU BRAZ."
From the President of the United States to the
President of Brazil.
"The White House, July 8. 1918.— His Ex-
cellency Wenceslau Braz, President of Brazil:
Allow me to express my very warm and cor-
dial thanks lor your generous message of the
Fourth of July. It is a subject of peculiar
gratification to the people of the United States
that the people of Brazil should have come to
their sides in this great and final struggle for
the rights of free peoples. They are happy
that such additional bonds of friendship and
common purpose should unite them with
neighbors whom they so highly respect and so
sincerely admire, and I am sure that I am
speaking for them in assuring your excellency
of their deep satisfaction at being accounted
the close friends and associates of the Bra-
zilian republic. WOODROW WILSON."
From the President of Mexico to the President
of the United States.
"Mexico, July 4. 1918.— The Most Excellent
Woodrow Wilson, President of the United
States of America, Washington: I take great
pleasure in sending to your excellency and to
the American people on the occasion of the
glorious anniversary celebrated on this day the
most cordial felicitations of the Mexican peo-
ple and government. I am glad at the same
time to express to your excellency my most
sincere and fervent wishes for the prosperity
of the United States and for the very early
advent pi the everlasting reign of peace and
justice inf both continents.
"V. CARRANZA."
From President Wilson to the President of
Mexico.
'The White House, July 8, 1918.— His Ex-
cellency Venustiano Garranza. President of
Mexico : In response to your generous telegram
of greeting and good will, may I not express
to you the sincere friendship of the people and
government of the United States, their earnest
desire that the bonds of association and mu-
tual helpfulness between the two countries may
710
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
be drawn closer and closer, and their confident
hope that as the friendship of the two coun-
tries ripens their common championship of po-
litical freedom may become more and more
effective. WOODROW WILSON."
From the President of Bolivia to President
Wilson.
"La Paz, July 4, 1918.— The Most Excellent
Mr. Woodrow Wilson. President Of the United
States, Washington: I have the honor to ex-
tend to your excellency my most cordial com-
pliments on the- occasion of your country's
glorious anniversary. The government over
which I preside, expressing the sentiments of
the Bolivian people, has desired to demonstrate
its special sympathies with the great nation
over whose destinies your excellency so wise-
ly presides.
Accept once more the wishes I make for the
triumph of the cause so valorously upheld
by the United States and its allies together
with my earnest wishes for your excellency's
personal happiness.
"JOSE GUTIERREZ GUERRA.
"President of Bolivia."
From President Wilson to the President of
Bolivia.
"The White House, July 8, 1918.— His Excel-
lency Jose G. Guerra, President of Bolivia, La
Paz, Bolivia: I thank your excellency and
the Bolivian government for your cordial fe-
licitations on the anniversary of the independ-
ence of the United States of America and as-
sure you that the sympathy expressed by those
governments friendly to the United States and
their well wishes for the triumph of the great
cause of humanity serve much to lighten the
burden and hearten the will to achieve suc-
cess. I extend my own best wishes for your
excellency's future happiness and well-being
and a glorious future for Bolivia.
"WOODROW WILSON."
To the President from the President of
Nicaragua.
"Managua, July 4, 1918. — President Woodrow
Wilson: Nicaragua celebrates as a national hol-
iday this happy anniversary of the day on
which the virile patriots of the United States
founded the great nation which is now fight-
ing to establish democracy throughout the
world. EMILIANO CHAMORRO. President."
From the President to the President of
Nicaragua.
"The White House, July 8, 1918.— His Excel-
lency Emiliano Chamorro, President of Nic-
aragua, Managua: I beg to express to your
excellency in my own name and on behalf of
my countrymen sincere appreciation of the
action of your government in recognizing In-
dependence day as a national holiday of
Nicaragua, and to express the earnest hope
that the goal of an early victory for world
democracy will soon be reached.
"WOODROW WILSON."
THE AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
The unanimous declaration of the thirteen
United States of America, in congress, July 4,
1776.
When, in the course of human events, it be-
comes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands whicli have connected them
with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth the separate and equal station to
which the laws of nature and of nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions
of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: That
all men are created equal: that they are en-
dowed by their Creator with certain inalienable
rights: that among these are life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these
rights, governments are instituted among men.
deriving their just powers from, the consent
of the governed; that, whenever any form of
government becomes destructive of these ends,
it is the right of the people to alter or to
abolish it, and to institute a new government,
laying its foundation on such principles, and
organizing its powers in such form, as to them
shall seem most likely to effect their safety
?nd happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate
that governments long established, should not
be changed for light and transient causes;
and accordingly all experience hath shown that
mankind are more disposed to suffer, while
evils are sufferable, than to right themselves
"by abolishing the forms to which they are
accustomed. But when a long train of abuses
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
cb.'ect, evinces a design to reduce them under
absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their
duty, to throw off such government and to pro-
vide new guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient suffering of these
colonies, and such is now the necessity which
constrains them to alter their former systems
of government. The history of the present
king of Great Britain is ;, history of repeated
iii juries and usurpations, all having in direct
object the establishment of an absolute
tyranny over these states. To prove this, let
facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws the most
•wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws
of immediate and pressing importance, unless
suspended in their operation till his assent
should be obtained, and, when so suspended.
he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pasa other laws for the
accommodation of large districts of people, un-
less those people would relinquish the right of
representation in the legislature — a right ines-
timable to them and formidable to tyrants
He has called together legislative bodies at
Places unusual, uncomfortable and distant
from the repository of their public records
for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into
compliance with his measures.
H? ^haST dissolved representative houses re-
peatedly for opposing with manly firmness his
invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time after such
dissolutions to cause others to be elected-
whereby .the legislative powers, incapable of
annihilation, have returned to the people at
large for their exercise; the state remaining-,
in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers
of invasion from without and convulsions
within.
He has endeavored to prevent the popula-
tion pf these states; for that purpose ob-
structing the laws for naturalization of for-
eigners; refusing to pass others to encourage
their migration hither, and raising the con-
ditions of new appropriations of lands.
.He has obstructed the administration of jus-
tice, by refusing his assent to laws for estab-
lishing his judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will
alone for the tenure of their offices and the
amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices
and sent hither swarms of officers to harass
our people and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace,
•standing armies without the consent of our
legislatures.
He has affected to render the military inde-
pendent of and superior to the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us
to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitutions
and unacknowledged by our laws, giving his
assent to their acts of pretended legislation:
For quartering lar: ; bodies of armed troops
among us;
For protecting them by u, mock trial from
punishment for any murders which they
should commit on the inhabitants of these
states ;
For cutting off our trade with all parts of
the world :
For imposing taxes on us without our con-
sent:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
711
For depriving us in many cases of the ben-
efits of trial by. jury;
For transporting- us beyond seas to be tried
for pretended offenses:
For abolishing' the free system of English
laws in a neighboring province, establishing
therein an arbitrary government, and enlarg-
ing its boundaries so as to render it at once
an example and fit instrument for introducing1
the same absolute rule into these colonies:
For taking- away our charters, abolishing
our most valuable laws and altering funda-
mentally the forms of our governments:
For suspending our own legislatures and de-
claring themselves invested with power to leg-
islate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here by de-
claring us out of his protection and waging
war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our
coasts, burnt our towns and destroyed the
lives ol our people.
He is at this time (transporting large armies
of foreign mercenaries to complete the work
of death, desolation and tyranny already be-
gun, with circumstances of cruelty and per-
fidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous
ages and totally unworthy the head of a
civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken
captive upon the high seas to bear arms
against their country, to become the execu-
tioners of their friends and brethren or to
fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrection amongst
us, and has endeavored to bring- on the in-
habitants of our frontiers the merciless In-
dian savages, whose known rule of warfare is
an undistinguished destruction of all ages,
eexes and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have
petitioned lor redress, in the most humble
terms: our repeated petitions have been .an-
swered only by repeated injury. A pnnce
whose character is thus marked by every act
which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the
ruler of a. free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to
our British brethren. We have warned them,
from time to time, of attempts by their legis-
lature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction
over us. We have reminded them of the cir-
cumstances of our emigration and settlement
here. We have appealed to their native jus-
tice and magnanimity, and we have, conjured
them by the ties of our common kindred, .to
disavow these usurpations, which would m-
•evitably interrupt our connections and cor-
respondence. They, too, have been deaf to
the voice of justice and consanguinity. We
must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity
which denounces our separation. . and hold
them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies
in war: in peace, friends.
We. therefore, the representatives of the
United States of America, in general congress
assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of
the World for the rectitude of our intentions,
do. in the name and by the authority of the
Sood people of these colonies, solemnly pub-
sh and declare that these united colonies are
and of right ought to be, free and independent
states: that they are absolved from all alle-
giance to the British crown, and that all po-
litical connection between them and the state
of Great Britain is. and ought to be. totally
dissolved: and that as free and independent
states they have full power to levy war. con-
clude peace, contract alliances, establish com-
merce and to do all other acts and things
which independent states may of. right do.
And for the support of this declaration, with a
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Prov-
idence. we mutually Pledge to each other our
lives, our fortunes and pur sr.cred honor.
The foregoing declaration was. by order of
congress, engrossed and signed by the follow-
JOHN HANCOCK.
Josiah Bartlett. Massachusetts Bay:
William Whipple. Samuel Adams.
Matthew Thornton. John Adams.
' Robert Treat Paine.
Elbridge Gerry.
Rhode Island. Etc.:
Stephen Hopkins.
William Ellery.
Connecticut :
Roger Sherman.
Samuel Hunting-ton.
Willia: ^. Williams.
Oliver Wolcott.
New York :
William Floyd.
Philip Livingston.
Francis Lewis.
Lewis Morris.
New Jersey :
Richard Stockton.
John Witherspoon.
Francis Hopkinson.
John Hart.
Abraham Clark.
Delaware :
Caesar Rodney.
George Read.
Thomas McKean.
Pennsylvania :
Robert Morris.
Benjamin Rush.
Benjamin Franklin.
John Morton.
George Clymer.
James Smith.
George Taylor.
James Wilson.
George Ross.
Maryland:
Samuel Chase.
William Palca.
Thomas Stone.
Charles Carroll of
Carrollton.
Virginia :
George Wythe.
Richard Henry Lee.
Thomas Jefferson.
Benjamin Harrison.
Thomas Nelson. Jr.
Francis Lightf oot Lee.
Carter Braxton.
North Carolina :
William Hooper.
Joseph Hewes.
John Penn.
South Carolina :
Edward Rutledge.
Thomas Heyward. Jr.
Thomas Lynch. Jr.
Arthur Middleton.
Georgia :
Button Gwinnett.
Lyman Hall.
George Walton.
LINCOLN'S GETTYSBURG SPEECH.
(Address at the dedication of Gettysburg
cemetery. Nov. 10. 1863.)
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers
brought, forth on this continent a new na-
tion, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil v/ar.
testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battle field of that
war. We have come to dedicate a i artion of
that field as a final resting place of those
who here gave their lives that that nation
might live. It is altogether fitting1 : id troper
that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate-^-
we cannot consecrate — we cannot hallow — this
ground. The brave men. living and dead,
who struggled here have consecrated it, far
above our poor, power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here. It is for us the living, rather,
to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who Bought here have thus far so
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be
here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us — that from these honored dead .we
take increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion—
that we here highly resolve that these dead
shall not have died in v; in — that this nation,
under God. shall have a new birth of freedom
— and that government of the people, by the
people, for the people shall not perish from
the earth.
DOMESTIC COMMERCE OF THE UNITED
STATES.
It was estimated by The Annalist of New
York that the total domestic trade of the
United States in the calendar year 1915 amounted
to $507,000,000,000. The foreign trade of the
country in the same year amounted to about
$5,350,000,000, or only about 1.1 per cent of the
home trade. Irving Fisher; the economist, esti-
mated the total business transacted in the United
States in 1913 at $477,000,000,000 and in 1914 at
$449,000,000,000. "Based on the increases in gross
railroad earnings and bank clearings, fairly
accurate measures of any change in the volume
of business," says The Annalist, "the total turn-
over in 1915 must therefore have exceeded that
for any previous year, more especially as the
level of prices was undoubtedly well above
that for any other like period."
712
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS.
Following- are the closing1 paragraphs of
Washington's farewell address to the people of
the United States Sept. 17. 1796, on his ap-
proaching retirement from the presidency.
They relate more particularly to international
relations :
"Observe good faith and justice toward all
nations. Cultivate peace and harmony with
all. Religion and morality enjoin this con-
duct. And can it be that good policy does not
equally enjoin it? It will be worthy of a
free, enlightened, and at no distant period a
great nation to give to mankind the magnani-
mous and too novel example of a people
always guided by an exalted, justice and benev-
olence. Who can doubt that in the course of
time and thing's the fruits of such a plan
would richly repay any temporary advantages
which might be lost by a steady adherence to
it? Can it be that Providence has not C9n-
nected the permanent felicity of a nation with
its virtue? The experiment, at least, is recom-
mended by every sentiment which ennobles
human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossi-
ble by its vices?
"In the execution of such a plan nothing1 is
more essential than that permanent, inveterate
antipathies against particular nations and pas-
sionate attachments for others should be ex-
cluded, and that in place of them just and
amicable feeling-s toward all should be culti-
vated. The nation which indulges toward an-
other an habitual hatred or an habitual fond-
ness is in some degree a slave. It is a slave
to its animosity or to its affection, either of
which is sufficient to lead it astray from its
duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation
against another disposes each more readily' to
offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight
causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and
intractable when accidental or trifling1 occa-
sions of dispute occur.
"Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, en-
venomed and bloody contests. The nation
• prompted by ill will and resentment sometimes
impels to war the government contrary to the
best calculations of policy. The government
sometimes participates in the national propen-
sity, and adopts through passion what reason
would reject. At other time's it makes the
animosity of the nation subservient to projects
of hostility, instigated by pride, ambition and
other sinister and pernicious motives. The
peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of
nations has been the victim.
"So, likewise, a passionate attachment of
one nation for another produces a variety of
evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation,
facilitating the illusion of an imaginary com-
mon interest in cases where no real common
interest exists, and infusing1 into one the
enmities of the other, betrays the former into
a participation in the quarrels and wars of
the latter without adequate inducement or
justification. It leads also to concessions to
the favorite nation of privileges denied to
others, which is apt doubly to injure the na-
tion making the concessions by unnecessarily
parting with what ought to have been re-
tained, and by exciting jealousy, ill will, and
a disposition to retaliate in the parties from
whom equal privileges are withheld: and it
gives to ambitious, corrupted or deluded citi-
zens (who devote themselves to the favorite
nation) facility to betray or sacrifice the in-
terests of their own country without odium,
sometimes even with popularity, gilding1 with
the appearances of a virtuous sense of obli-
gation, a commendable deference for public
opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good,
the base or foolish compliances of ambition,
corruption or infatuation.
"As avenues to foi^ign influence in innu-
merable ways, such attachments are particu-
larly alarming1 to the truly enlightened and in-
dependent patriot. How many opportunities do
they afford to tamper with domestic factions,
to practice the arts of seduction, to mislead
public opinion, to influence or awe the public
councils ! Such an attachment of a small or
weak toward a great and powerful nation
dooms the former to be the satellite of the
latter. Against the insidious wiles of for-
eign influence (I conjure you to believe me,
fellow citizens) the jealousy of a free people
ought to be constantly awake, since history
and experience prove that foreign influence is
one of the most baneful foes of republican
government. But that jealousy, to be useful,
must be impartial, else it becomes the instru-
ment of the very influence to be avoided, in-
stead of a defense against it. Excessive par-
tiality for one foreign nation and excessive dis-
like of another cause those whom they actu-
ate to see danger only on one side, and serve
to veil and even second the arts of influence
on the other. Real patriots who may resist
the intrigues of the favorite are liable to be-
come suspected and odious, while its tools and
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the
people to surrender their interests.
"The great rule of conduct for us in regard
to fpreign nations is in extending our com-
mercial relations to have with them as little
political connection as possible. So far as we
have already formed engagements let them be
fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us
stop.
"Europe has a set of primary interests which
to us have none or a very remote relation.
Hence she must be engaged in frequent con-
troversies, the causes of which are essentially
foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it
must be unwise in us to implicate purselves
by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of
her politics or the ordinary combinations and
collisions of her frendships or enmities.
"Our detached and distant situation invites
and enables us to pursue a different course. If
we remain one people, under an efficient gov-
ernment, the period is not far off when we
may defy material injury from external an-
noyance; when we may take such an attitude
as will cause the neutrality we may at any
time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected;
when belligerent nations, under the impossibil-
ity of making acquisitions upon us, will not
lightly hazard the giving1 us provocation: when
we may choose peace or war. as our interest,
guided by justice, shall counsel.
"Why forego the advantages of so peculiar
a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon
foreign ground? Why, by interweaving1 our
destiny with that of any part of Europe, en-
tangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of '
European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor
or caprice?
"It is pur true policy to steer clear of perma-
nent alliances with any portion of the foreign
world, so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty
to do it: for let me not be understood as
capable of patronizing- infidelity to existing1
engagements. I hold the maxim no less ap-
plicable to public than to private affairs that
honesty is always the best policy. I repeat,
therefore, let those engagements be observed
in their genuine sense. But in my opinion it is
unnecessary and would be unwise to extend
them.
"Taking- care always to keep ourselves by
suitable establishments on a respectable de-
fensive posture, we may safely trust to tem-
porary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.
"Harmony, liberal intercourse with all na-
tions are recommended by policy, humanity and
interest. But even our commercial policy
should hold an equal and impartial hand, nei-
ther seeking nor granting1 exclusive favors or
preferences: consulting the natural course of
things: diffusing- and diversifying by gentle
means the streams of commerce, but forcing1
nothing1; establishing with powers so disposed,
in order to give trade a stable course, to de-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
713
fine the rights of our merchants, and to enable
the government to support them, conventional
rules of intercourse, the best that present cir-
cumstances and mutual opinion will permit,
but temporary and liable to be from time to
time abandoned or varied as experience and
circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping
in view that it is folly in one nation to look
for disinterested favors from another; that it
must pay with a portion of its independence
lor whatever it may accept under that char-
acter; that by such acceptance it may place
itself in the condition of having1 given equiva-
lents for nominal favors, and yet of being re-
proached with ingratitude for not giving more.
There can be no greater error than to expect
or calculate upon real favors from nation to
nation. It is an illusion which experience
must cure, which a just pride ought to dis-
card.
"In offering to you. my countrymen, these
counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I
dare not hope«they will make the strong and
lasting impression I could wish — that they will
control the usual current of the -passions or
prevent our nation from running the course
which has hitherto marked the destiny of na-
tions. But if I may even flatter myself that
they may be productive of some partial bene-
fit, some occasional good — that they may now
and then recur to moderate the fury of -party
spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of for-
eign intrigue, to guard against the impostures
of pretended patriotism — this hope will be a
full recompense for the solicitude for your
welfare by which they have been dictated.
"How far in the discharge of my official du-
ties I have been guided by the principles which
have been delineated the public records and
other evidences of my conduct must witness to
you and to the world. To myself, the as-
surance of my own conscience is that I have
at least believed myself to be guided by them.
"In relation to the still subsisting war in
Europe my proclamation of the 22d of April.
1793, is the index to my plan. Sanctioned by
your approving voice and by that of your rep-
resentatives in both houses of congress, the
spirit of that measure has continually gov-
erned me. uninfluenced by any attempts to
deter or divert me from it.
"After deliberate examination, with the aid
of the best lights I could obtain, I was well
satisfied that our country, under all the cir-
cumstances of the case, had a right to take
and was bound in duty and interest to take a
neutral position. Having taken it, I deter-
mined as far as should depend upon me to
maintain it with moderation, perseverance and
firmness.
"The considerations which respect the right
to hold this conduc^ it is not necessary on
this occasion to detail. I will only observe
that, according to my understanding of the
matter, that right, so far from being denied
by any of the belligerent powers, has been vir-
tually admitted by all.
"The duty of holding a neutral conduct may
be inferred, without anything more, from the
obligation which justice and humanity impose
on every nation, in cases in which it is free
to act, to maintain inviolate the relations ol
peace and amity toward other nations.
"The inducements of interest for observing1
that conduct will best be referred to your own
reflections and experience. With me a pre-
dominant motive has been to endeavor to gain
time to our country to settle and mature its
yet recent institutions, and to progress wifh-
out interruption to that degree of strength and
consistency which is necessary to give it, hu>
manly speaking, the command of its own
fortunes."
PRESIDENT WILSON ON MOB VIOLENCE.
President Wilson on July %6. 191S. issued
t-he following statement:
"My Fellow Countrymen: I take the liberty
of addressing you upon a subject which so vi-
ally affects the honor of the nation and the
/ery character and integrity of our institutions
that I trust you will think me justified in
speaking very plainly about it.
"I allude to the mob spirit which has re-
cently here and there very frequently shown
its head among us. not in any single region,
but in many and widely separated parts of the
country. There have been many lynchings.
and every one of them has been a blow at the
heart of ordered law and humane justice. No
man who loves America, no man who really
cares for her fame and honor and character,
or who is truly loyal to her institutions, can
justify mob action while the courts of justice
are open and the governments of the states
and the nation are ready and able to do their
duty. We are at this very moment fighting-
lawless passion. Germany has outlawed her-
self among- the nations because she has dis-
regarded the sacred obligations of law andhac
made lynchers of her armies. Lynchers emu-
late her disgraceful example. I, for my part,
am anxious to see every community in Amer-
ica rise above that level, with pride and a
fixed resolution which no man or set of men
can afford to despise.
''We proudly claim to be the champions of
democracy. If we really are. in deed and
truth, let us see to it that we do not discredit
our own. I say plainly that every American
who takes part in the action of a mob or
gives any sort of countenance is no true son
of this great democracy, but its betrayer, and
does more to discredit her by that single dis-
loyalty to her standards of law and right than
the words 9f her statesmen or the sacrifices
of her heroic boys in the trenches can do to
make suffering peoples belipve her to be their
savior. How shall we commend democracy to
the acceptance of other peoples if we disgrace
our own by proving that it is. after all. no
protection to the weak? Every mob contrib-
utes to German lies about the United States
what her most gifted liars cannot improve
upon by the way of calumny. They can at
least say that such things cannot happen In
Germany except in times of revolution, when
law is swept away!
"I therefore very earnestly and solemnly
beg that the governors of all the states, the law
officers of every community, and. above all.
the men and women of every community in
the United States, all who revere America
and wish to keep her name without stain or
reproach, will co-operate — not passively merely,
but actively and watchfully — to make an end
of this disgraceful evil. It cannot live whore
the community does not countenance -t.
"I ha^e called upon the nation to put Its
groat energy into this war and it has re-
sponded— responded with c spirit n,nd genius
for action that has thrilled the world. I now
c.^11 upon it. upon its men and women every-
where, to see to it that its laws arc kept
inviolate, its fame untarnished. Let us show
our utter contempt for the thinsrs that have
made this war hideous among the wars of
history by showing how those who love liberty
and right and justice and are willing to lay
down their lives for them upon foreign fields
stand ready also to illustrate to all mankind
their loyalty to the things at home which they
\.ish to see established everywhere as a bless-
ing and protection to the peoples who have
never known the privileges of liberty and self-
government. I can never accept aav man as a
champion of liberty either for ourselves or for
the. world who does not reverence and obey
the laws of our. own beloved land, whose l;nws
we ourselves have made. He has adopted the
standards of the enemies of his country, whom
he affects to
714
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
PRESIDENT WILSON ON MEXICAN POLICY.
On receiving a party of Mexican editors at
the white house June 7. 1918. President Wil-
son spoke as follows:
"Gentlemen: I have never received a group
of men who were more welcome than you are,
because it has been one of my distresses dur-
ing the period of my presidency that the Mex-
ican people did not more thoroughly under-
stand the attitude of the United States toward
Mexico. I think I can assure you, and I hope
you have had every evidence of the truth of
my assurance, that that attitude is one of
sincere friendship. And not merely the sort of
friendship which prompts one not to do his
neighbor harm, but the sort of friendship
which earnestly desires to do his neighbor
service.
"My own policy — the policy of my own ad-
ministration— toward Mexico was at every
point based upon this principle: That the in-
ternal settlement of the affairs of Mexico was
nene of our business: that we had no right
to interfere with or to dictate to Mexico in any
particular with regard to her own affairs.
Take one aspect of our relations which at one
time may have been difficult for you to un-
derstand: When we sent troops into Mexico
our sincere desire was nothing else than to
assist you to get rid of a man who was
making the settlement of your affairs for the
time being impossible. We had no desire to
use our troops for any other purpose, and I
was in hopes that by assisting in that way
and thereupon immediately withdrawing I
might give substantial truth of the assurance
that I had given your government through
President Carranza.
"At the present time it distresses me to
learn that certain influences, which I assume
to be German in their origin, are trying to
make a wrong impression throughout Mexico
as to the purpose of the United States and to
give an absolutely untrue account of things
that happen. You know the distressing
things that have been happening just off our
coasts. You know of the vessels that have
been sunk. I yesterday received a quotation
from a paper in Guadalajara which stated
".rteen of our battle ships had been
that thL ... . _ .....
sunk off the capes of the Chesapeake.
You
see how dreadful it is to have oeqple so rad-
ically misinformed. It was added that our
navy departaifjat was withholding the truth
with regard to these thing's. I have no doubt
that the publisher of the paper published that
in perfect innocence without intending to con-
vey wrong impressions, but it is evident that
allegations of that sort proceed from those
who wish to make trouble between Mexico and
the United States.
"Now, gentlemen, for the time being, at any
rate — and I hope it will not be a short time —
the influence of the United States is some-
what pervasive in the affairs of the world,
and I believe that it is pervasive because the
nations of the world which are less powerful
than some 'of the greatest nations are coming
to believe that our sincere desire is • to do
disinterested service. We are the champions
of those nations which have not had a mili-
tary standing which would enable them to
compete with the strongest nations in the
world, and I look forward with pride to the
time, which I hope will soon come, when we
can give substantial evidence, not only that
we do not want anything out of this war, but
that we would not accept anything out of it,
that it is absolutely a case of disinterested
action. And if you will watch the attitude of
our people you will see that nothing stirs
them so deeply as assurances that this war. so
far as we are concerned, is for idealistic ob-
jects. One of the difficulties that I experi-
enced during the first three years of the war —
the years when the United States was not in
the war — was in getting the foreign offices of
European nations to believe that the United
States was seeking nothing for herself, that
her neutrality was not selfish, and that if she
came in she would not come in t<S get any-
thing substantial out of the war, any ma-
terial object, any territory or trade or
anything else of that sort. In some of the.
foreign offices there were men who personally
knew me and they believed, I hope, that I
was sincere in assuring them that our* pur-
poses were disinterested, but they thought that
these assurances came from an academic gen-
tleman removed from the ordinary sources of
information and speaking the idealistic pur-
poses of the cloister. They did not believe
that I was speaking the real heart of the
American people, and 1 knew all along that
I was. Now 1 believe that everybody who
comes into contact with the American people-
knows that 1 am speaking their purposes.
"The other night in New York, at the open-
ing of the campaign for funds for our Red
Cross, I made an address. I had not intended
to refer to Russia, but I was speaking with-
out notes arid in the course of what I said
my own thought was led to Russia and I
said that we meant to stand by Russia just
as firmly as we would stand by France or
England or any other of the allies. The audi-
ence to which I was speaking was not an
audience from whichi I would have expected,
an enthusiastic response* to that. It was-
rather too well dressed. It was not an .audi-
ence, in other words, made of the class of
people whom you would suppose to have the
most intimate feeling for the sufferings of
the ordinary man in Russia, but that audience
jumped into the aisles, the whole audience
rose to its feet, and nothing that I had said
on that occasion aroused anything like the
enthusiasm that that 'single sentence aroused.
Now, there ia a sample, gentlemen. We can-
not make anything out of Russia. We cannot
make anything out of standing by Russia at
this time — the most remote of the European
nations, so far as we are concerned, the one
with which we have had the least connec-
tions in trade and advantage — and yet the
people of the United States rose to that sug-
ge^tion as to no other that I made in that
address. That is the heart of America, -and
we are ready to show you by any act of
friendship that you may propose our real
feelings toward Mexico.
"Some of us, if I may say so privately, look
hack with regret upon some of the more an-
cient relations that we have had with Mexico
long before our generation: and America, if
I may so express it, would now feel ashamed
to take advantage of a neighbor. So I hope
that you can carry back to your homes some-
thing better than the assurances of words.
You have had contact with our people. You
know your own personal reception. You
know how gladly we have opened to you the
doors of eve.ry establishment that you wanted
to see and have shown you just what we were
doing. an<l I hope you have gained the right
impression as to why we were doing it. We
are doing it, gentlemen, so that the world
may never hereafter have to fear the only
thing that any nation has to dread, the unjust
and selfish aggression of another nation. Some
time ago, as you probably, all know, I pro-
posed a sort of pan-American agreement. I
had perceived that one of the difficulties of
our relationship with Latin America was this:
The famous Monroe doctrine was adopted
without your consent, without the consent of
any of the Central or South American states.
"If I may express it in the terms that we
so often use in this country, we said: 'We are
going to be your big brother, whether you
want us to be or not.' We did not ask
whether it was agreeable to you that we
should be your big brother. We said we were
going to be. Now, that was all very well so
far as protecting you from aggression from
the other side of the water was concerned,
but there was nothing in it that protected you
from aggression from us, and I (have repeat-
edly seen the uneasy feeling on the part of
representatives of the states of • Central and
Scuth America that our self-appointed protec-
tion mierht be for our own benefit and our
own interests, and not for the interest of our
neighbors So 1 said: 'Very well, let us make
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
715
an arrangement by which we will five bond.
Let us have a common guaranty, that all of
us will sign, of political independence and
territorial integrity. Let us agree that if any
one of us — the United States included — violates
the political independence or the territorial
•integrity of any of the others all the others
will jump on her.' I pointed out to some of
the gentlemen who were less inclined to enter
into this arrangement than others that that
. was in effect giving bonds on the part of the
United States that we would enter into an ar-
rangement by which you would be protected
from us.
"Now, that is the kind of agreement that will
have to be the foundation of the future life
of the nations of the world, gentlemen. The
whole family of nations will have to guarantee
to each nation that no nation shall violate its
political independence or its territorial integ-
rity. That is the basis, the only conceivable
basis, for the future peace of the world, and
I must admit that I was ambitious to have
the states of the two continents of America
show the way to the rest of the world as to
how to make a basis of peace. Peace can
come only by trust. As long as there is sus-
picion there is going to be misunderstanding,
and as long as there is misunderstanding there
is groing- to be trouble. If you can once get a
situation of trust then you have got a situa-
tion of permanent peace. Therefore, every-
one of us. it seems to me, owes it as a patri-
otic duty to his own country to plant the seeds
of trust and of confidence instead of the seeds
of suspicion and variety of interest. That is
the reason that I began by saying to you that
I have not had the pleasure of meeting a group
of men who were more welcome than you
are, because you are our near neighbors. Sus-
picion on your part or misunderstanding on
your part distresses us more than we would
be distressed by similar feelings on the part of
those less near by.
"When you reflect how •wonderful a store-
house of treasure Mexico is, you can see how
her future must depend upon peace and honor,
so that nobody shall exploit her. It must de-
pend upon every nation that has any relations
with her, and the citizens of any nation that
has relations with her, keeping within the
bounds of honor and fair dealing and justice,
because so soon as you can admit your own
capital and the capital of the world to the free
use of the resources of Mexico it will be one
of the most wonderfully rich and prosperous
countries in the world. And when you have
the foundations of established order and the
world has come to its senses again, we shall,
I hope, have the very best connections that
will bring to us all a permanent cordiality
and friendship."
MEXICAN-AMERICAN CLASH.
In a clash on Nov. 28. 1918. between the
armed navy guard of the American steamship
Monterey and Mexican custom guards at Tam-
pico, one Mexican, said to have been a cap-
tain, was killed, a Mexican soldier mortally
wounded, and a chief gunner's mate, named
Berry, in charge of the American guard, less
seriously hurt. This was learned Dee. 16.
when the steamer arrived at New York. Ac-
cording- to passengers on board, the fight oc-
curred shortly after 5 o'clock a. m. after
members of the navy guard went to the res-
cue of Berry, who had been attacked.
The fight, passengers said, was brief, the
Mexicans running away as soon (is the Ameri-
cans opened fire, leaving their dead and
wounded. Later, officials of the port took the
matter into hand, the passengers asserted, and
a demand was made upon the captain of the
Monterey that the armed guard be delivered
up to them pending an investigation.
This the. captain declined to do. his action
being 'supported, it was said, by officers of two
American iriinboats in the harbor. Later the
matter was disposed of by a decision to leave
the entire subject to diplomatic settlement.
It was said that the gunner's mate had gone
ashore on an errand just before the Monterey
sailed. Several blocks from where the ship
was tied up was a saloon, and as Berry was
returning to his ship, passing- in front of this
saloon, he was called upon to "treat." When
he refused to do so several Mexicans started
after him.
As the American approached his ship a shot
was fired and a Mexican guard there, seeing
him coming, placed him under detention. It
was also asserted that others started to beat
him with the butts of their rifles. The sailor
fought back and called to his men for assist-
ance. American sailors rushed to the fray.
Some of the Mexicans opened fire. .No one
was hit on the ship.
The naval guard then secured arms. and. as
the firing1 continued, they returned the shots.
with the result that two Mexicans fell. With
the show of arms the Mexicans fled.
THE CHILE-PERU CONTROVERSY.
In February. 1879, Chile seized the Bolivian
port of Antofagasta. Two months later Peru,
as the ally of Bolivia, declared war on Chile.
On Nov. 19 the combined Peruvian and Bo-
livian forces were defeated at Dolores. By
the following autumn Chile was in possession
of all the disputed territory and. through, the
mediation of the United States minister to
that country, peace was negotiated and appar-
ently established. The conditions imposed by
Chile, however, were not accepted by the allies
and there ensued the battle of Miraflores.
which gave to the Chileans possession of prac-
tically all important Peruvian cities, including
Lima and Callao. After further fighting, ex-
tending to Oct. 20, 1883. a treaty dictated by
Chile was signed under the terms of which
Bolivia ceded to Chile the province of Anto-
fagasta, while Peru gave up Tarapaca in per-
petuity, and Tacna and Arica, or Tacna-Arica.
as the territory is now called, for ten years,
a plebiscite at the end of that period to de-
termine whether the inhabitants wished to re-
turn to Peru or to remain under Chilean rule.
The plebiscite was never taken owing to ob-
jections by Chile and the ill feeling resulted in
the fall of 1918 in open clashes between Peru
and Chile, ending in the severance of consular
relations. In December the American ambas-
sador at Santiago. Chile, and the American
minister at Lima. Peru, handed the presidents
of Chile and Peru, respectively, the following
statement by direction of Acting Secretary
Polk of the state department:
"The president of the United States desires
to inform your excellency that the various
incidents leading up to the severance of con-
sular relations between the republics of
Chile and Peru have been viewed by the gov-
ernment of the United States with the gravest
apprehension. Any agitation tending to lessen
the prospect for permanent peace throughout
the world, particularly on the eve of the con-
voking: of the peace conference in Paris, in
which it is confidently expected that steps
will bo taken to provide for an era of lasting
peace among all peoples, would be disastrous
and those persons who had caused this con-
dition would be charged with grave responsi-
bility before i!io world for their actions.
"The president ' of the United States feels
it his duty to draw to the attention of the
governments of Chile and Peru the gravity of
the present situation and to point out to these
governments the duty which they owe to the
rest of the world and to mankind in gen-
eral to take immediate stops to restrain pop-
ular agitation and to re-establish their peace-
ful relations.
"That a satisfactory and peaceful solution
of the matter i" dispute between the two
coiintries may be arrived at there can be no
doubt, and the g-overnment of the United
States stands ready to tender alone, or in
conjunction with the other countries of this
hemisphere, all possible assistance to bring
about an equitable solution of the matter."
716
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
•RECONSTRUCTION" PLATFORM OF THE CHICAGO PLAN COMMISSION.
Adopted by the executive committee Dec. 6,
1918. and sent to the city council at its meet-
ing Dec. 16, 1918:
To His Honor the Mayor and to the City
Council of the City of Chicago: "Prepare in
war for peace" has been the slogan of the
Chicago plan commission from the moment
the United States entered the war in April.
1917, and thus put to shame the fact, stated
by the late Joseph H. Choate, that "the Amer-
ican plan always is to go in first and get
ready afterward."
Gov. Lowden on Dec. 10, 1917. said:
"I feel strongly that public authorities
should do, and do thoroughly, the preliminary
work necessary to enable us immediately upon
the close of the war to proceed intelligently
and rigorously upon public work. I abso-
lutely agree with your general conclusion in
the plan commission's argument on the 'war-
time continuation of preliminary public im-
provements' before the city council committee
on home defense."
President Wilson on Dec. 2, 1918. warned
congress that:
"There will be a large floating: residuum
of labor, which should not be left wholly to
shift for itself. It seems important, therefore,
that the development of public work of every
sort should be promptly resumed."
A year before that the president requested
the national council of defense to study the
Question of public improvements and the re-
employment of labor thereon and to submit
recommendations in connection therewith.
It is exceedingly unfortunate that the United
States has not profited by the experience and
example of France, England and Canada,
which countries cot only prepared comprehen-
sively for peace, but actually inaugurated and
carried to completion during the war hu-
manitarian and economic projects. These
countries realized they were building the very
keystone of their national power through
makin? their people mentally, physically and
morally strong.
Chicago is now face to face with the recon-
struction period, but has made no preliminary
preparation. Where yesterday was the wig-
wam, to-day is the national center of popula-
tion, commerce, education, music ana • con-
structive • art. Our beloved city — in the front
rank of patriotic devotion — ministering to na-
tional needs, supplying without stint men,
money and material: center of Red Cross ac-
tivities not forgetting to serve humanity, has
allowed its war endeavors to 'overshadow the
need for making ceaseless effort to conserve
the health, general well-being and effectiveness
of its own pople.
Valuble time has been lost, but it is not yet
too late to replace procrastination with our
vigorous and enthusiastic support of the re-
construction program of the Chicago plan com-
mission.
Chicago's first reconstruction duty is toward
its returning soldiers. Work must be pro-
vided for them and the proper employment
of labor should be our first consideration.
The best opportunity for this work is work on
Chicago's great public improvements.
Work is the demand and the right of the
laboring class — not chanty.
The reconstruction period will require at
least five years, during which grave problems
will •Confront us. An equable solution can
only be achieved by a patriotic and united
citizenry.
The war has intensified rather than dimmed
the need for public improvements in Chicago
—manifestly necessary before, agitated for
many years, and upon some of which work
has been started.
The public health, ample means for health-
ful recreation, convenience of traffic in the
streets, relief of the congested districts and
facilitation of railway terminal and food
handling, which were of fundamental im-
portance before the war. now become mat-
ters of absolute necessity.
No people of any city will labor harder or
sacrifice more for their city, their larger
home, than will the people of Chicago. It
is this civic patriotism, almost as strong as
our love of country, that has in the past
urged Chicago to great achievement. What
Chicago wills to have created will be achieved
and what she wants done will be d_one. All '
we now need is the spark of ignition. Vim
and vigor lead to victory.
There is eloquence in stone and steel;
there is inspiration in good architecture;
there is character building in good surround-
ings. Our city as our larger home does much
to mold our character. Unknown and un-
realized by us, the salient forces of our en-
vironment are working upon us and upon
each of our fellows. Chicago has a good
citizenry — a patriotic citizenry — it is proud of
its citizens and its citizens are proud of
their city. They know that attractive devel-
opment and good citizenship go; hand in
hand and they want to see their city made
the best it can be.
The Chicago plan commission calls upon all
public officials and public utility executives
to cease all unnecessary bickering and get
together now in a spirit of co-operation and
civic patriotism to savfe Chicago in this its
greatest hour of need and its moment of
greatest opportunity. >
The Chicago plan commission calls upon all
citizens to get behind its platform of unprec-
edented economic benefits to the whole city.
Chicago is fortunate indeed in having a sci-
entifically worked out plan that exactly fits
the present emergency and which will inure
immeasurably to the health, happiness and
financial prosperity of all the people.
This is an epochal time in the life of Chi-
cago: great in opportunity and vital in need.
The plans of the reconstruction platform, of
the Chicago plan commission are:
VIGOROUS PROSECUTION OF WORK AL-
READY STARTED ON—
1. Twelfth street.
2. West side railway terminals; widening' of
Canal street north of 12th, via double deck
Kinzie street and bridge, to Orleans street.
3. Michigan avenue.
4. The new outer circuit from the lake on
the north side, via Thorndale, Elmdale, Peter-
son and Rogers avenue and the Baltimore &
Ohio abandoned right of way along the line
of the old Indian boundary (already acquired)
and along the Des Plaines river road through
forest preserves south to 22d street and
eventually farther south. (This important
route, crossing prominent section and half-
section line streets, and passing many public
institutions, has been begun and only re-
quires the opening, at small expense by the
city, of Rogers avenue for less than two
miles.)
URGING IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT OF—
5. Controversy between the city and the
Illinois Central Railroad company.
6. Railway terminal commission problem,
with passage of ordinance covering the lake
front development.
7. River Straightening — The railway termi-
nal commission should scrupulously bear in
mind the importance of straightening the
river from Polk street to 18th street, enabling
the opening of south side streets through the
terminal area.
8. South side railway passenger terminal
question, their removal to the new Illinois
Central terminal, enabling (with the river
straightened) the opening of Market. Wells,
LaSalle, Franklin and Dearborn streets.
START IMMEDIATELY TO CARRY OUT—
9. Lake Front Plans, from Grant park to
Jackson park— Acquire $50,000,000 of land
and revenue for nothing. Create dumping
grounds for the city and at the same time
acquire 1,280 acres of land, which will pro-
vide the people with bathing beaches, picnic
grounds and other recreational features, such
as rowing, motor bo'at races, etc.
10. Ogden avenue extension.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
717
11. Widening1 of Western avenue to 100
feet its entire length where it is now less than
that width, particularly from 75th street
south, where it is now only fifty feet wide.
12. Improvement of Ashland Avenue and
Robey Street — The next traction ordinance
should contain a provision for the improve-
ment of these two streets, making them
through thoroughfares.
13. South Water Street Improvement — South
Water street should be reclaimed for public
use and connected with the upper level of
Michigan avenue. This, conservatively speak-
ing:, would save over $5.000.000 annually —
enough in a single year to pay for the entire
improvement — in food supply costs to all the
people and in traffic delays affecting- the en-
14. Outer Drive — Connect Grant and Lincoln
parks via the lake front, thus relieving down-
town congestion, and making a direct con-
nection between Jackson park, the new Lake
Front park. Grant park, the municipal pier
and Lincoln park.
15. West Side Postoffice— The needed addi-
tional $4. 250. 000 to acquire the two block
site between Madison and Adams streets, fac-
ing on Canal, between the Northwestern sta-
tion and the proposed new union passenger
station, where 62 per cent ot the mail of
Chicago is handled, must be immediately ap-
propriated by the federal government. Chi-
cago, the greatest postal center of the United
States, has been • deprived of adequate postal
facilities for the past forty years.
AGGRESSIVE CO-OPERATION ON—
18. City's Bridge Program— This should be
vigorously pushed to completion.
17: Traction Question— This should be set-
tled by giving Chicago a metropolitan rapid
transit system.
18. Forest Preserves — Aid in every way the
forest preserve commissioners in securing the
remainder of forest areas it has selected for
purchase, thus giving the people on all sides
of the city playgrounds of vast worth to
their health and happiness.
19. Good Roads Program of the State-
Aid the creation of an invaluable network of
leading highways to and from Chicago.
20. .New City Charter — Impress upon the
forthcoming constitutional convention the
need of bestowing greater powers upon the
city of Chicago. Without greater powers Chi-
cago cannot grow from a provincial to a
metropolitan city.
21. Drainage Canal Boulevards — Study the
question of boulevards along the drainage ca-
nal to connect with the park system.
22. Zoning and Housing — These problems are
of large importance, but require special study.
23. Excess Condemnation Law — A law should
be supported which will enable Chicago to
eliminate many abuses resulting from the pres-
ent method of making public improvements
and receive instead large benefits. Vital and
important improvements, however, should not
be delayed for such a law, as it may take
years to secure it.
Unanimously approved by the executive
committee of the Chicago plan commission,
Dec. 6. 1918: Charles H. Wacker. chairman:
Frank I. Bennett, vice-chairman: Walter D.
Moody, director- Edward B. Butler. A. C.
Bartlett. James Simpson, Clyde M. Carr, John
V. Farwell. Albert J. Fisher. Theodore K.
Long, Joy Morton, William N. Pelouze. Julius
Rosenwald. Daniel J. Schuyler, John F. Smul-
ski, Charles H. Thome. Harvey T. Weeks.
Harry A. Wheeler, Walter H. Wilson, Michael
Zimmer.
APPROPRIATION RECOMMENDED.
To the Finance Committee of the City Coun-
cil of the City of Chicago: -
Resolution of the executive committee of the
Chicago plan commission, unanimously adopted
Dec. 6. 1918.
Whereas, the reconstruction platform of the
Chicago plan commission points to the urgent
need of immediate action on the part of the
city authorities to provide work for our re-
turning soldiers and to safeguard the general
field of labor during a reconstruction period
of at least five years, and
Whereas, it is even more imperative now
than before the war to provide ample means
of healthful recreation, convenient street traf-
fic, relief for congested districts and the fa-
cilitation of railway terminal and food han-
dling facilities, and
Whereas. President Wilson, in his last mes-
sage to congress said: "There will be a large
floating residuum of labor which should not
be left wholly to shift for itself, and it is.
therefore, important that the development of
public work of every sort should be promptly
resumed : and Gov. Lowden urged vigorous
and intelligent prosecution of public work im-
mediately upon the close of the war. and
Whereas, sound economic and humanitarian
projects in the plan of Chicago are of the
utmost importance to the whole city through
providing attractive developments of great
value to the prosperity, happiness and well-
being of all the people, and
Whereas, the widening of Western avenue,
the Robey street extension and the Ashland
avenue widening and extension are needs of the
first magnitude to the great west side and
of benefit to the entire city, and
Whereas, the restoration of South Water
street as a public thoroughfare and its wid-
ening, and connection with the upper level
Michigan avenue improvement will reduce loop
congestion 16 per cent and save the people
of Chicago $5.000.000 annually in the cost of
foodstuffs, and
Whereas, a public hearing on the Ogden ave-
nue extension was held Dec. 3. 1918. and a
large attendance of property owners unani-
mously requested the board of local improve-
ments to proceed at once with this improve-
ment. Now therefore be it
Resolved, That the executive committee ol
the Chicago plan commission, in session Dec.
6. 1918. unanimously recommends that the
finance committee of the city council include
in, the 1919 budget such appropriations as
may be necessary to enable the board of local
improvements to put through the Ogden ave-
nue improvement and to provide for the pre-
liminary work on the Western avenue, Robey
street. Ashland avenue and South Water street
improvements.
(Signed)
Charles H. Wacker. chairman: Frank I. Ben-
nett, vice-chairman: Walter D. Moody, direc-
tor: Edward B. Butler. A. C. Bartlett. James
Simpson. Clyde M. Carr. John V. Farwell. Al-
bert J. Fisher. Theodore K. Long. Joy Morton.
William N. Pelouze, Juluis Rosenwald, Daniel
J. Schuyler. John F. Smulski. Charles H.
Thorne. Harvey T. Weeks, Harry A. Wheeler.
Walter H. Wilson, Michael Zimmer.
AMPLIFIED STATEMENT OF THE OFFI-
CERS OF THE CHICAGO PLAN COM-
MISSION.
. The biggest and most fruitful opportunity
in the history of Chicago is here now knock-
ing- at pur door. That fact is all-inclusive if
our citizens can see that it is a question of
now or never, if Chicago is to reap in whole-
sale fashion the great benefits which have been
stamped on our city by the hand of destiny.
At no other time anywhere in any other
city have a people been placed face to face
with the chance to accomplish for their city
and themselves the great things which are in
store for Chicago and may be had almost for
The wonderful part in connection with ac-
complishing the "reconstruction" program of
the Chicago plan commission is that it will
place a relatively small financial burden upon
the people as a whole and no specific burden
whatsoever upon any individual. By far the
major part of the improvement program sub-
mitted to the city council Monday. Dec. 16.
must be worked out by the public utilities at
their own expense.
The great lake front plans, for example, are
tied in with the Illinois Central terminal plans.
The one is necessary to the other, and the
possibility for Chicago to regain its vast lake
front for the use of all the people will cost
71 S
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
the public nothing', while the railroad com-
pany must make big1 construction works, which
will not only make the people's part of it pos-
sible, but will also add to the attractiveness
of the city, tremendously increase its trans-
portation facilities and furnish labor for thou-
sands.
This is also true of the west side terminal
plans. The creation of the great new passen-
ger station on Canal street - and the other
public projects, such as the widening1 of Canal
street and its connection with the north side,
and new bridges and bridge approaches, must
be paid for by the companies, although the
public benefits are tremendous and accompa-
nied by an attractive development of vast
worth to the entire city.
The same is true of the location of the
postoffice on the two block Canal street site.
This costs the people nothing: the govern-
ment must buy the land and build the building,
but an imposing structure, adequate for Chi-
cago's vast postal needs, will kill two birds
with one stone — the government's needs will
be cared for, Chicago's business will be facil-
it<--ted and that of a large tributary territory
and an attractive development will take place
that will inure immeasurably to the west side
and the whole city.
Similar conditions apply to South Water
street. Not only will this improvement not
cost the people anything- in actuality but it
will save them more than $25,000,000 in the
five years of the reconstruction period in
waste of foodstuffs. This figure has been sub-
stantiated as conservative by federal govern-
ment investigators.
The west side streets to be improved are
of such importance to Chicago that the people
should rise up and demand action to insure
their quickest and most adequate development.
The improvement of Robey street and Ashland
and Western avenues should be provided for
iii the new traction ordinance.
The Ogden avenue improvement will in time
pay for itself over and over again in revenue
from increased property values in a large area
which it will importantly affect. Its actual
cost will be small and will be in the nature
of an investment upon which there will be a
great return, and therefore it cannot be called
an expense. Both the property owners and
the city will benefit tremendously.
The great 12th street improvement, which
now terminates in a pocket at Canal street,
must be completed to Michigan avenue, the
railroad companies paying the larger cost as
agreed. Its completion is of utmost impor-
tance and will produce incalculable benefits to
that locality and the whole city.
The Michigan avenue connection is so vital
that a 10 year old school child can appreciate
its importance. It will be a saving to every-
body in time, money and convenience.
The other big questions in the Chicago plan
commission's "reconstruction platform" are
largely legislative matters, but fundamental in
importance and necessity. The people should
co-operate as one person to hasten their ac-
complishment. This entire program demands
the instant, intelligent and hearty co-operation
of every citizen. It is a matter of "One for
all and all for one." Every one of these
twenty-two projects can be realized in five
years with intelligent and aggressive action
as the medium to that end.
The humanitarian, economic and hygienic
benefits to the city will be so great as abso-
lutely to defy calculation at this time.
If the people of Chicago . really want city-
wide prosperity, citywide public health, city-
wide pleasure and happiness, to be found in
the parks and on the lake front, convenient
and attractive streets, easy and adequate
transportation, and if they want to see their
city become the great and prosperous metrop-
olis it is deptined to be, they can do so-, and
very quickly : but they cannot obtain these •
advantages without quick, intelligent and
hearty co-operation.
CHARLES H. WACKER, Chairman.
PRANK I. BENNETT. Vice -Chairman.
WALTER D. MOODY. Director.
BANK CREDITS AND DEBT SITUATION.
The Federal Keserve Bulletin for the month
of November, 1918. contained detailed studies
of sthe debt situation in the United States
and foreign countries, with special reference
to the banking situation as affected by loans
on war paper and the use of the purchasing
power thereby created. This subject was fully
discussed in the board's review of the month,
which analyzed the effect on prices of the
failure of our population to save, as evidenced
by the increase in loans collateraled by gov-
ernment securities. As in former issues, the
board . urged a resort to more intensive sav-
ing1 in order to absorb the new bonds more
rapidly, and in larger measure in order that
the credit granted by the banks might not
remain toe long outstanding1 and thereby tend
to increase prices.
"In the last issue of the Federal Reserve
Bulletin evidence was submitted to show that
the belief in a great inflation of the cur-
rency has relatively little to support it. It
is. in fact, not the issue of notes, but the
creation of deposit credits on the books of
the banks, for the purpose of enabling bor-
rowers to buy and carry government bonds
and rendered necessary because of the failure
of the public to save sufficiently, that creates
the buying power which advances prices."
After quoting figures to show in an ap-
proximate way the progressive increase in the
deposits and investments of the banks, both
member and federal reserve, aa well as the
declining- ratio of reserve to outstanding1 lia-
bilities of the latter, which is a consequence
of borrowing instead of more intensive sav-
ing, the statement continued:
Credit Expansion.
"Precisely what effects may be expected
from this process of credit expansion should
be definitely vinderstood in order that the
nation as a whole may choose between the
policy of steadily adding to its outstanding
bank obligations and that of curtailing them
by regularly reducing1 its indebtedness through
saving and the cancellation of its borrowing1
at the banks. The board, in former issues oi
the bulletin, has defined inflation as the in-
crease of current purchasing- power — 'whether
in the form of actual currency or in the form
of credit — faster than the volume of available
goods,' and this is manifestly the process which
is now going1 on as a result of methods of
subscribing and paying- for g-overnment bonds,
which are not based upon real savings.
"Probably the feature of the present finan-
cial situation of the country which most re-
quires correction is this increase in disposi-
tion on the part of the public to rely too
largely upon the b?nks as sources from which
to obtain the necessary funds for use in
financing the requirements of the govern-
ment. * * * In order to provide lor the
taking up of additional loans when offered,
it will be inevitably necessary that the public
address itself with greater earnestness to the
problem of saying and applying- its income
to public requirements. Advices from many
quarters show that while progress is being
made in this matter, the mounting necessities
of the government are equally conclusive evi-
dence to the effect that what already has been
done ' must be continued and added to, and
that further and more successful efforts must
be made if the banks are not to be obliged to
take and hold an undue proportion of the
obligations issued by the government."
With refereace to the question of prices and
credit expansion, the following- statement is
made:
"The relation between prices and credit ex-
pansion has been frequently referred to by the
board but may be restated somewhat as fol-
lows: Bank credit when granted by commer-
cial institutions upon the strength of. or for
the purposes of. liquidating" commercial trans-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
719
actions of early maturities, serves as a means
•of facilitating- the flow of commodities from
producer to consumer and the return of pur-
chasing- power from the consumer to the pro-
•ducer through the various channels of circu-
lation. This process enables g-oods to act as
a means of purchase and payment for other
goods, and when the maturity of the average
loan granted (or 'credit' allowed) is no longer
than that of the productive processes in which
the community is ens-aged, the effect of it is
only that of facilitating- and promoting1 pro-
duction, and distribution. When the loans
granted or credit extended by the banks are
in excess of the normal value of the g-oods
offered for exchange, there is broug-ht into ex-
istence an additional or surplus volume of
purchasing- power which has the same effect
upon the prices of commodities as does a cor-
responding- addition to the money supply, in-
asmuch as it may be offered for commodities
and may thus create a demand for them.
Credit expansion becomes inflation when the
increase of prices it produces bring-s no com-
mensurate or offsetting- increase of produc-
tion."
Reserve Situation and Inflation,
The relation between the reserve situation
and inflation is discussed In the following pas-
sage:
"The reason why the public, and especially
the banking- community, looks with so much
interest to the reserves of the banks is un-
derstood when the nature of credit inflation
is carefully considered. Ordinary extensions of
credit made for the purpose of facilitating- the
•exchange and circulation of goods reauire lit-
tle or no addition to the reserve funds of
the banks, because the credits thus granted in
the main offset and cancel one another, leav-
ing- an unimportant margin to be redeemed in,
cash. When the credit structure of the com-
munity is enlarged by the extension of bank
loans not accompanied by a corresponding1 in-
crease in production and the proceeds are em-
ployed in the way Just described for the Pur-
chase of commodities or for buying- them
away from the consumers who would other-
wise purchase them, the claims to the bank
credit thus brought into existence keep on
passing1 from hand to hand. The government
transfers them to contractors who furnish it
•with goods and to persons who supply it with
services. Both these classes pass on the credit
claims to others in exchange for goods which
they desire and they remain outstanding1, rep-
resenting- in effect an addition to the purchas-
ing media of the community. There is no
means of permanently canceling1 or digesting
such outstanding credits except one — their use
by those into whose hands they come for the
purchase of the securities against which the
credits were extended, notably government
bonds in our present situation. Ordinary com-
mercial credits furnish their own means of
cancellation thronerh the maturing- of the pa-
per upon which they were based and the com-
pletion of the productive process to finance
which they were extended. Credits based
upon noncommercial operations or investment
securities possess no such quick self-reducing
quality. As they increase, therefore, they tend
to make a more or less lasting- addition to the
outstanding volume of bank liabilities and
thereby increase the superstructure of bank
credits which rests upon the underlying- re«
serve money of the country.
"During the last year there has been a de-
crease in the percentage of gold to cover the
aggregate banking liabilities of the country,
mainly the result of the process above out-
lined. This decline has not been occasioned
by any falling off in the aggregate gold hold-
ing's of the American banking system, which
indeed have shown some increase. It is due
altogether to the rapid increase in the out-
standing volume of bank liabilities. It is
this feature of the situation which gives to
the decline of the gold percentage its signifi-
cance. That is to say, the decline of this
percentage is an important index of our
changing- position, not because of any inade-
quacy of gold, but because of undue or dis-
proportionate expansion of the credit structure
which the gold reserve of the nation is re-
quired to support and protect in consequence
of inadequate saving by the people.
"Decline of the reserve percentages of the
central banking institutions has been a general
phenomenon in all of the belligerent coun-
tries since the opening of the war and every-
where has been admitted to be undesirable.
As showri in the studies of public debt and
currency, published elsewhere in this issue of
the Bulletin, it reflects the disposition of these
countries to rely upon borrowing and when
necessary upon direct borrowing from the
banking institutions, the public being either
too little able or too little willing to furnish
out of its current consumption either in the
form of taxes or of direct loans to the govern-
ment the sums necessary to avoid credit in-
flation and to hold reserves at a normal per-
centage level.
CfOld Strength of United States.
"The great gold strength of the United States,
largely due to the heavy accessions to our
national stock of gold in the two years pre-
ceding our entry into the war, has. it is
true, placed this country in an exceptional and
peculiar position: and to this extent the char-
acter of the credit inflation experienced in the
United States differs from that existing- in
other countries and has been less easy to
realize. But it would be a mistake for us
to proceed on the assumption that inflation in
the United States is therefore different in
its essential character from what it is else-
where. Here, as elsewhere, the decline in
percentage of reserve holdings to outstanding
liabilities reflects the relative increase of the
latter as compared with the means of their
direct conversion on demand, and the prob-
lem presented is the problem of controlling
the growth of banking- credits."
CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PEACE MOVEMENTS.
[Compiled by Charles E. Beals.l
New York Peace society, organized 1816,
first in the world.
Many state societies organized in quick suc-
cession.
A national organization, the American Peace
society, formed in 1828. in which the state
societies merged themselves.
_ Peace movement spread rapidly until the
time of the Crimean war, American civil war,
•etc.
Great peace jubilees "held throughout the
country in 1871.
International Law association organized.
1873.
Interparliamentary union formed. 1889.
International peace bureau established in
Bern. 1891.
First Lake Mohonk arbitration conference.
American Society of International Law or-
ganized. 1906.
Intercollegiate Peace association, 1905.
Association for International Conciliation,
1907.
Peace day, 18th of May (Hague day) .
Peace Sunday, the Sunday before Christmas.
American Society for the Judicial Settlement
of International Disputes, 1910.
Carnegie endowment for international peace,
1910.
Palace of Peace at The Hague dedicated Aug.
28. 1913.
INTERNATIONAL PEACE CONGRESSES.
First series: 1, London, 1843; 2, Brussels.
1848:' 3, Paris. 1849: 4. Frankfort, 1850; 5.
London, 1851: 6. Edinburgh. 1853.
Second series: 1, Geneva, 1867: 2, Paria
1878: 3, Brussels, 1882: 4. Bern. 1884.
720
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Present series: 1, Paris, 1889: 2, London.
1890; 3, Rome. 1891; 4. Bern. 1892: 5. Chi-
cago.. 1893; 6. Antwerp. 1894: 7. Budapest.
1896; 8. Hamburg. 1897; 9. Paris. 1900: 10,
Glasgow. 1901; 11. Monaco, 1902; 12. Rouen,
1903; 13. Boston, 1904; 14. Lucerne. 1905:
15, Milan. 1906: 16, Munich, 1907; 17, Lon-
don, 1908; 18. Stockholm, 1910: 19. Geneva.
1912; 20, The Hague. 1913; 21. San Fran-
cisco. 1915.
NATIONAL PEACE CONGRESSES IN THE
UNITED STATES.
First: New York in 1907.
Second: Chicago in 1909.
Third: Baltimore in 1911.
Fourth: St. Louis in 1913.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PEACEMAKING.
Joint disarmament by Great Britain and
United States along Canadian border. 1817 to
present time.
Central American High Court of Nations
established.
Pan-American congress, 1889. led to estab-
lishment of International Bureau of American
Republics, 1890.
Pacific settlement of over 600 international
disputes.
The statue of The Christ of the Andes,
commemorating joint disarmament of Chile and
Argentina, erected 1904.
Nearly fifty public international unions (e.
g., the Universal Postal union) already in op-
eration.
Hague Peace Conferences.
First Hague conference. May 18, 1899, of
twenty-six nations.
Second Hague conference, June 15, 1907. of
forty-four nations.
The Hague Court of Arbitration.
The permanent court of arbitration at The
Hague, instituted July 29, 1899, consists of
from one to four representatives of the govern-
ments participating in The Hague peace con-
ference of 1899 or signing the convention pro-
viding for the court. The members of the
court from the greater powers are as follows :
France — Leon Bourgeois, A. Decrais, Baron
d'Estournelles de Constant, Louis Renault.
Germany — Herr Griege, Herr von Martitz.
Herr von Staff.
Great Britain— Sir Charles Fitzpatrick. Earl
de Desart, James Bryce.
Italy — Guide Fusinato. Victor E. Orlando,
Tommaso Tittoni, Dr. Carlo Schanzer.
Japan — Itehiro Metono.
United States — Elihu Root, John W. Griggs,
George Gray. Oscar S. Straus, John Bassett
Moore.
Secretary — Gen. Baron Michiels von Derduy-
oen.
Record of Hague Decisions.
1. The Pius fund case. Mexico vs. United
States, Oct. 14, 1902.
2. The Venezuela case. Great Britain, Ger-
many and Italy vs. Venezuela. Feb. 22, 1904.
3. The Japanese house tax case. Great Brit-
ain, France and' Germany vs. Japan, May 22,
1905.
4. The Muscat dhows case. Great Britain
vs. France, Aug. 8, 1905.
5. The Casa Blanca case. France vs. Ger-
many. May 22, 1909.
6. The boundary case. Norway vs. Sweden.
•Oct. 23. 1909.
7. The North Atlantic fisheries case. United
States vs. Great Britain. Sept. 7, 1910.
8. The Orinoco Steamship company claima
case. United States vs. Venezuela, Oct. 25,
1910.
9. The Savarkar case. France vs. Great
Britain, Feb. 24. 1911.
10. Arrears of indemnity case. Russia vs.
Turkey, Feb. 24. 1911.
11. Canevaro claim. France vs. Italy, Feb.
24, 1911.
MINERAL PRODUCTION OF ALASKA.
In 1917 Alaska produced minerals valued at
$40,700,195. The value of the mineral out-
put of Alaska in 1917. although about 87.-
931,943 less than that in 1916, was greater
than that in any other year. The most valu-
able mineral product in 1917 was copper, ol
which 88.793.400 pounds, valued at $24.240.-
596. was produced. This is less than the out-
put of 1916. which was 119.602,028 pounds,
valued at 829,480,291, but is greater than
that of aav other year. The reduction is due
largely to labor troubles and is not necessarily
permanent. The gold produced .in 1917. $14,-
657.353. of which 89.810.000 was derived
from placer mines, was also less than that
produced in 1916. which was 817.241.7d3. and
is the smallest since 1904. The reduction was
due chiefly to curtailment of operations be-
cause of the scarcity of labor and the high
cost of materials, but in part to the disaster
at the Treadwell mine and the depletion Of
some of the richer .placers.
During1 the year Alaska also produced silver
valued at 81,021.055, coal valued at $265.317.
lead valued at 8146,584, tin valued at $123,-
300, antimony valued at $28,000, and tungsten
chromium, petroleum, marble, gypsum, graph-
ite and platimim valued at 8217.990.
Since 1880 Alaska has produced $390.286.-
124 in gold, silver, copper and other minerals.
Of this amount $292.758 000 represents the
value of the gold and $88,644.468 that of the
copper.
ALASKA'S SALMON INDUSTRY.
[From the report of Gov. Thomas Riggs, Jr.]
As in previous years, the salmon industry
remained the predominant factor in the fish-
eries of the territory in 1917. The value of
its output was several times that of all the
other fishery products combined. All five
species of salmon taken in Alaskan waters are
used to the fullest possible extent. The total
output in 1917 exceeded both in quantity
and value that of any previous year.
The commercial methods of preserving salm-
on in Alaska for future use are by canning,
mild curing, pickling, freezing, dry salting,
drying and smoking. There is also a con-
siderable trade in fresh salmon.
In 1917 the total number of salmon taken
in Alaska was 92.600,495. The take by
species was as follows: Coho, or silver,
2,104,253; chum, or keta, 8.527,578; hump-
back, or pink. 44,875,241: king, or spring,
596.346: red. or sockeye. 36.497.047. The
total take in 1916 was 72,055,971, or 20,-
544,524 less than in 1917. Comparing the
take by species, more chums, humpbacks and
reds were taken in 1917 than in 1916, while
the take of echoes and kings was greater in
1916.
The value of the output of canned salmon
in 1917 represented about 97 per cent of the
value of the total products of the salmon in-
dustry. The investment in the salmon can-
ning industry amounted to 846,865,271, of
which 819,929,055 was in southeast Alaska.
$9,412.791 in central Alaska and $17,523.425
in western Alaska. The total investment in
1916 was 834.100,853. or 812.764,418 less
than in 1917. In each of the three sections
mentioned there was a larger investment in
the salmon canning industry in 1917 than in
1916. The number of persons engaged in
1917 was 23.350, an increase of 4.110 over
1916. The output of canned salmon in 1917
consisted of 5.947.286 cases, valued at $46.-
304.090, as compared with 4,900.627 cases in
1916. valued at $23,269.429. The pack and
value, according to species, in 1917 were as
follows: Coho. or silver, 193,231 cases,
valued at $1,682.745; chum, or keta. 906,747
cases, valued at $5.572.047; humpback, or
pink, 2.296.976 cases, valued at $14.794.062:
king, or spring. 61,951 cases, valued at $644.-
447: red. or sockeye, 2.488.381 cases, valued
at $23,610,789. In 1917 there were operated
in the salmon industry 118 canneries, as com-
pared with 100 in 1916.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
721
PRESIDENT WILSON'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.
On Dec. 2. 1918. just before leaving for
Europe to take part in the peace conierence
following the world war. President Wilson ap-
peared before a joint session of congress and
read the following1 message:
"Gentlemen of the Congress:
"The year that has elapsed since I last stood
before you to fulfill my constitutional duty to
give to the congress from time to time infor-
mation on the state of the union has been so
crowded with great events, great processes and
great results that I cannot hope to give you
an adequate picture of its transactions or of
the far reaching changes which have been
wrought in the life of our nation and of the
world. You have yourselves witnessed these
things, as i have. It is too soon to assess
them: and we who stand in the midst of them
and are part of them are less qualified than
men of another generation will be to say what
they mean or even what they have been.
"But some great outstanding facts are un-
mistakable and constitute in a sense part of
the public business with which it ia our duty
to deal. To state them is to set the stage for
the legislative and executive action which must
grow out of them and which we have yet to
shaoe and determine.
"A year ago we had sent 143.918 men over-
seas. Since then we have sent 1.950.513. an
average of 162.542 each month, the number
in fact rising in May last to 245.951. in June
to 278.760. in July to 307.182 and continuing
to reach similar figures in August and September
— in August 289.570 and in September 257.438.
No such movement of troops ever took place
before across 3,000 miles of sea. followed by
adeauate equipment and supplies, and carried
safely through extraordinary dangers of attack
—dangers which were alike strange and in-
finitely difficult to guard against. In all this
movement only 758 men were lost by enemy
attacks — 630 of whom were upon a single Brit-
ish transport which was sunk near the Orkney
islands.
"I need not tell you what lay back of this
irreat movement of men and material. It is
not invidious to say that back of it lay a
supporting1 organization of the industries of
the country and all its productive activities
more complete, more thorough in method and
effective in results, more spirited and unani-
mous in purpose and effort, than any other
great belligerent had ever been able to effect
"We profited greatly by the experience of the
nations which had already been enraged for
nearly three years in the exigent and exacting-
business, their every resource and every execu-
tive proficiency taxed to the utmost. We were
the pupils. But we learned quickly and acted
with a promptness and a readiness of co-oper-
ation that justify our great pride that we
were able to s«rve the world with unparalleled
energy and quick accomplishment.
High Praise for Troops.
"But it is not the t>hysical scale and execu-
tive efficiency of preparation, supply, equip-
ment and dispatch that I would dwell upon,
but the mettle and quality of the officers and
men we sent over and of the sailors who kept
the seas, and the spirit of the nation that
stood behind them. No soldiers or sailors
over proved themselves more quickly ready for
the test of battle or acquitted themselves with
more splendid courage and achievement when
put to the test. Those of us who played
some part in directing the great processes by
which the war was Pushed irresistibly forward
to the final triumph may now forget all that
and delight our thoughts with the story of
what our men did.
"Their officers understood the prim and ex-
actinsr, task they had undertaken and per-
formed with audacity, efficiency and unhesitat-
ing courage that touch the story of convoy
and battle with imperishable distinction at
every turn, whether the enterprise were creat
or small — from their chierfs. Pershing and Sims,
down to the youngest lieutenant: and their
men were worthy of them — such men as hardly
need to be commanded and go to their terri-
ble adventure blithely and with the auick in-
telligence of those who know just what it ia
they would accomplish.
"I am proud to be the fellow countryman
of men of suck stuff and valor. Those of us
who stayed at home did our duty: the war
could not have been won or the gallant men
who fought it given their opportunity to win
it otherwise: but for many a long day we shall
think ourselves 'accurs'd we were not there,
and hold our manhoods cheap while any
speaks that fought' with these at St. Mihiel
or Thierry. The memory of those days of tri-
umphant battle will go with these fortunate
men to their graves: and each will have his
favorite memory. 'Old men forget: yet all
shall be forgot, but he'll remember with ad-
vantages what feats he did that day.'
"What we all thank God for with deepest
gratitude is that our men went in force into
the line of battle just at the critical moment,
when the whole fate of the world seemed to
hang in the balance, and threw their fresh
strength into the ranks of freedom in time
to turn the whole tide and sweep of the fate-
ful struggle — turn It once for all. so that
thenceforth it was back, back, back, for
their enemies, always back, never again for-
ward! After that it was only a scant four
months before the commanders of the central
empires knew themselves beaten: and now
their very empires are in liquidation!
"And throughout it all how fine the spirit
of the nation was! What unity of purpose,
what untiring zeal! What elevation of pur-
pose ran through all its splendid display of
strength, its untiring accomplishment I I have
said that those of us who stayed at home to
dp the work of organization and supply will
always wish that we had been with the men
whom we sustained by our labor: but we
can never be ashamed. It has been an in-
spiring thing to be here in the midst of fine
men who had turned aside from every pri-
vate interest of their own and devoted the
whole of their trained capacity to the tasks
that supplied the sinews of the whole great
undertaking! The patriotism, the unselfish-
ness, the thoroughgoing devotion and dis-
tinguished capacity that marked their toil-
some labors, day after day. month after
month, have made them fit mates and com-
radea of the men in the trenches and on the
sea.
"And not the men here in Washington only.
They have but directed the vast achievement.
Throughout innumerable factories, upon In-
numerable farms, in the depths of coal mines
and iron mines and copper mines, wherever
the stuffs of industry were to be obtained and
prepared, in the shipyards, on the railways, at
the docks, on the sea. in every labor that
was needed to sustain the battle lines, men
have vied with each other to do their part
and dp it well. They can look any man at
arms in the face, and say we also strove to
win and gave the best that was in us to
make our fleets and armies sure of their tri-
umph!
Woman Suffrage.
"And what shall we say of the women —
of their instant intelligence, quickening every
task that they touched: their capacity for
organization and co-operation, which gave their
action discipline and enhanced the effectiveness
of everything they attempted; their aptitude at
tasks to which they had never before set their
hands; their utter self -sacrifice alike in what
they did and what they gave? Their contribu-
tion to the great result is beyond appraisal.
They have added a new luster to the annals
of American womanhood.
"The least tribute we can pay them is to
make them the equals of men in political
rights as they have proved themselves their
equals in every field of practical work they
have entered, whether for themselves or for
their country. These great days of completed
achievement would be sadly marred were we
to omit that act of justice. Besides the im-
mense practical services they have rendered.
722
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
the women of the country have been the
moving spirits in the systematic economies by
which our people have voluntarily assisted to
supply the suffering' peoples of the world and
the armies upon every front with food and
everything else that we had that might serve
the common, cause. The details of such a
story can never be fully written, but we carry
them at our hearts and thank God that we
can say that we are the kinsmen of such.
Turn to Tasks of Peace.
"And now we are sure of the great triumph
for which every sacrifice was made. It has
come, come in its completeness, and with the
pride and inspiration of these days of achieve-
ment Quick within us we turn to the tasks ol
peace again — peace secure against the violence
of irresponsible monarchs and ambitious mili-
tary coteries — and make ready for a new order,
for new foundations of justice and fair dealing.
"We are about to give order and organiza-
tion to this peace not only for ourselves but
lor the other peoples of the world as well, so
far as they will suffer us to serve them. It
is international justice that we seek, not do-
mestic safety merely.
Settlement with Colombia.
"Our thoughts have dwelt of late upon
Europe, upon Asia, upon the near and the
far east, very little upon the acts of peace
and accommodation that wait to be performed
at our own doors. While we are adjusting our
relations with the rest of the world, is it not
ot capital importance that we should clear
away all grounds of misunderstanding with
our immediate neighbors and give proof of
the friendship we really feel? I hope that the
members of the senate will permit me to speak
ot'co more of the unratified treaty of friend-
ship and adjustment with the republic of
Colombia. I very earnestly urge upon them
an early and favorable action upon that vital
matter. I believe that they will feel with me
that the stage of affairs is now set lor such
action as will be not only just but generous
and in the spirit of the new age upon which
we have so happily entered.
Economic Readjustment.
"So lar as our domestic affairs are con-
cerned, the problem of pur return to peace
is a problem of economic and industrial re-
adjustment. That problem is less serious for
us than it may turn out to be lor the nations
which have suffered the disarrangements and
the losses of war longer than we. Our people,
moreover, do not wait to be coached and led.
They know their own business, are quick and
resourceful at every readjustment, definite in
purpose and self-reliant in action.
"Any leading strings we might seek to put
them in would speedily become hopelessly
tangled, because they would pay no attention
to them and go their own way. All that we
can do as their legislative and executive serv-
ants is to mediate the process ol change
here, there and elsewhere as we may. I have
heard much counsel as -to the plans that
should be formed and personally conducted to
a happy consummation, but from no Quarter
have I seen any general scheme of 'recon-
struction' emerge which I thought it likely
we could force our spirited business men 'and
self-reliant laborers to accept with due pliancy
and obedience.
"While the war lasted we net up many
agencies by which to direct the industries of
the country in the services it was necessary
for them to render, by which to make sure of
an abundant supply ol the materials needed.
by which to check undertakings that could
lor the time be dispensed with and stimulate
those that were most serviceable in war, by
which to gain lor the purchasing departments
of the government a certain control over the
prices of essential articles and materials, by
which to restrain trade with alien enemies,
make the most of the available shipping, and
systematize financial transactions, both public
and private, so that there would be no un-
necessary conflict or confusion, by which, in
short, to put every material energy of the
country in harness to draw the common load
and make of us one team in the accom-
plishment of a great task.
"But the moment we knew the armistice to
have been signed we took the harness oft
Raw materials upon which the government
had kept its hand for tear there should not
be enough lor the industries that supplied the
armies have been released and put into the
general market again. Great industrial plants
whose whole output and machinery had been
taken over for the uses of the government
have been set free to return to the uses to
which they were put before the war. It has
not been possible to remove so readily or so
auickly the control of foodstuffs and of ship-
Ping, because the world has stiU to be fed
from our granaries and the ships are still
needed to send supplies to our men overseas
and to bring the men back as fast as the dis-
turbed conditions on the other side of the
water permit: but even these restraints are
being relaxed as much as possible and more
and more as the weeks eo by.
Return to Peace Basis.
vNever .before have there been agencies in
existence in this country which knew so much
pi the field of supply, of labor and of indus-
try as the war industries board, the war trade
board, the labor department, the food adminis-
tration and the fuel administration have
known since their labors became thoroughly
systematized: and they have not been isolated
agencies: they have been directed by men who
represented the permanent departments of the
g-oyernment and so have been the centers ol
unified and co-operative action. It has been
the policy, of the executive, therefore since
the armistice was assured (which is in effect
a complete submission of the enemy) to put
the knowledge of these bodies at the disposal
°L tne, business men of the country and to
offer their intelligent mediation at every point
and in every matter where it was desired. It
is surprising how fast the process of return to
a. peace footing has moved in the three weeks
since the fighting stopped. It promises to out-
run any inauiry that may be instituted and
any aid that may be offered. It will not be
easy to direct it any better than it will direct
itself. The American business man is 01 QUICK
initiative.
Employment for Soldiers.
"The ordinary and normal processes of pri-
vate initiative will not. however, provide im-
mediate employment for all of the men of our
returning armies. Those who are of trained
capacity, those who are skilled workmen those
who have acauired familiarity with established
businesses, those who are ready and willing to
go to the farms, all those whose aptitudes are
known or will be sought out by employers will
find no difficulty, it is sale to say. in finding
place and employment. But there will be
others who will be at a loss where to gain a
livelihood unless pains are taken to guide
them and put them in the way of work. There
will be a large floating residuum of labor
which should not be left wholly to shift for
itself. It seems to me important therefore,
that the development of public works of every
sort should be promptly resumed, in order that
opportunities should be created for unskilled
labor in particular, and that plans should be
made lor such developments of our unused
lands and our natural resources as we have
hitherto lacked stimulation to undertake.
Reclamation Plan Indorsed.
"I particularly direct your attention to the
very practical plans which the secretary of the
interior has developed in his annual report
and before your committees for the reclama-
tion of arid, swamp end cut over lands which
might, if the states were willing and able to
co-operate, redeem some 300,000,000 acres of
land for cultivation. There are said to be
15.000.000 or 20.000.000 acres of land in
the west, at present arid, lor whose reclama-
tion water is available, il properly conserved.
There are about 230.000.000 acres from which
the forests have been cut. but which have
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
723
never yet been cleared for the plow and which
lie waste and desolate. These lie scattered
all over the union. And there are nearly
80,000,000 acres of land that lie under
ewamps or subject to periodical overflow, or
are too wet for anything1 but grazing', which it
is perfectly feasible to drain and protect and
redeem. The congress can at once direct
thousands of returning soldiers to the reclama-
tion of the arid lands which it has already
undertaken if it will but enlarge the plans
and the appropriations which it has intrusted
to the department of the interior. It is pos-
sible in dealing with our unused land to effect
a great rural and agricultural development
which will afford the best sort of opportunity
to men who want to help themselves: and the
secretary of the interior has thought the
possible methods out in a way which is
worthy of your most friendly attention.
Aid for Belgium and France.
"I have spoken of the control which must
yet for a while, perhaps for a long while, be
exercised over shipping: because of the priority
of service to which our forces overseas are en-
titled and which should also be accorded the
shipments which are to save recently liber-
ated peoples from starvation and many devas-
tated regions from permanent ruin. May I
not say a special word about the needs of
Belgium and northern France? No sums of
money paid by way of indemnity will serve of
themselves to save them from hopeless disad-
vantage for years to come. Something more
must be done than merely find the money. If
they had money and raw materials in abund-
ance to-morrow they could not resume their
place in the industry of the world — the very
important place they held before the flame of
war stoept across them. Many of their fac-
tories are razed to the ground. Much of their
machinery is destroyed or has been taken
away. Their people are scattered and many
of their best workmen are dead. Their mar-
kets will be taken by others if they are not
in some special way assisted to rebuild their
factories and replace their lost instruments of
manufacture. They should not be left to the
vicissitudes of the sharp competition for ma-
terials and lor industrial facilities which is
now to set in. I hope, therefore, that the
congress will not be unwilling-, if it should be-
come necessary, to grant to some such agency
as the war trade board the right to establish
priorities of export and supply for the benefit
of these t>e/>ple whom we have been so happy
to assist in saving from the German terror
and whom we must not now thoughtlessly
leave to shift for themselves in a pitiless com-
petitive market.
"For the steadying- and facilitation of our
own domestic business readjustments nothing
is more imoortant than the immediate deter-
mination of the taxes that are to be levied
for 1918. 1919 and 1920. As much of the
burden of taxation must be lifted from busi-
ness as sound methods of financing the govern-
ment will permit, and those who conduct the
great essential industries of the country must
be told as exactly as possible what obliga-
tions to the government they will be expect-
ed to meet in the years immediately ahead of
them. It will be of serious consequence to
the country to delay removing all uncertain-
ties in this matter sinsrle day longer than
the right processes of debate justify. It is
idle to talk of successful and confident busi-
ness reconstruction before those uncertainties
are resolved.
"If the war had continued it would hav»
been necessary to raise at least $8.000.000.000
by taxation, payable in the year 1919: but
the war has ended and I agree with the secre-
tary of the treasury that it will be safe to
reduce the amount to 86.000.000.000. An im-
mediate rapid decline in the expenses of the
government is not to be looked for. Contracts
made for war supplies will, indeed, be rapidly
canceled and liquidated, but their immediate
liquidation will make heavy drains on the
treasury for the months just ahead of us.
Large Force Abroad.
''The maintenance of our forces on the other
side of the sea is still necessary. A consid-
erable. proportion of those forces must re-
mam in Europe during the period of occupa-
tion. and those which are brought home will
be transported and demobilized at heavy ex-
pense for months to come. The interest on
our war debt must, of course, be paid and
provision made for the retirement of the ot>-
ligatious of the government which represent
it. But these demands will, of course fall
much below what a continuation of military
nnnrnnrtnsl w?^d <£ave. entailed and 86.000,-
000,000 should suffice to supply a sound foun-
dation for the financial operations of the year
I entirely concur with the secretary of the'
nA$n£T m recommending that the $2.000-
00,000 needed in addition to the $4.000 000 -
?i?P pr°IJded Pyexlstln<? law be obtained from
the profits which have accrued and shall ac-
crue from war contracts and distinctively war
business, but that these taxes be confined to
the war profits accruing in 1918 or in 1919
from business onginating in war contracts
I urge your acceptance of this recommenda-
lon that provision be made now. not subse-
quently that the taxes to be paid in 1920
to
.
Any arrangements less definite than these
would add elements of doubt and confusion
0 t+hen,cntlc£1 Period of industrial readjust-
ment through which the country must now
immediately pass and which no true friend
°t *5? natl°n>s essential business interests can
afford to be responsible for creating or pro-
longing. Clearly determined conditions, clearly
and simply charted, are indispensable to the
economic revival and rapid industrial develop-
ment which may confidently be expected if
we act now and sweep all interrogation points
«n S jt *fo£ Canted that the congress
will carry out the naval program which was
undertaken before we entered the war The
secretary of the navy has submitted to your
committees for authorization that Part of the
program which covers the building plans of
the next three years. These plans have been
prepared along the lines and in accordance
with the policy which the congress established
not under the exceptional conditions of the
war. but with the intention of adhering to a
aenmte method of development for the navy.
I earnestly recommend the uninterrupted pur-
suit of that policy. It would clearly be un-
wise for us to attempt to adjust our programs
to a future world policy as yet undetermined.
Problem of Railroad Policy.
"The question which causes the greatest
concern is the question of the policy to be
adopted toward the railroads. I frankly turn
to you for counsel upon it. I have no con-
fident judgment of my own. I do not see how
any thoughtful man can have who knows any-
thing1 of the complexity of the problem. It
is a problem which must be studied, studied
immediately and studied without bias or preju-
dice. Nothing can be gained by becoming par-
tisans of any particular plan of settlement.
"It was necessary that the administration
of the railways should be taken over by the
government so long as the war lasted. It
would have been impossible otherwise to es-
tablish and carry through under a single
direction the necessary priorities of shipments.
It would have been impossible otherwise to
combine maximum production at the factories
and mines and farms with the maximum pos-
s'ble car supply to take the products to the
ports and markets: impossible to route troop
shipments and freight shipments without re-
gard to the advantage or disadvantage of the
roads employed; impossible to subordinate.
when necessary, all questions of convenience
to the public necessity: impossible to give the
necessary financial support to the roads from
the public treasury. But all these necessities
have now been served and the question is,
724
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
What is best for the railroads and for the
public in the future?
"Exceptional circumstances and exceptional
methods of administration were not needed
to convince us that the railroads were not
equal to the immense tasks of transportation
imposed upon them by the rapid and con-
tinuous development of the industries of the
country. We knew that already. And we
knew that they were uneaual to it. partly be-
cause their co-operation was rendered impos-
sible by law and their competition made ob-
ligatory, so that it has been impossible to
assign to them severally the traffic which best
could be carried by their respective lines in
the interest of expedition and national econ-
omy.
"We may hope. I believe, for the formal
conclusion of the war by treaty by the time
spring: has come. The twenty-one months to
which the present control of the railways is
limited after formal proclamation of peace
shall have been made will run at the farthest,
I take it for granted, only to the January of
1921. The full equipment of the railways
which the federal administration had planned
could not be completed within any such period.
The present law does not permit the use of the
revenues of the several roads for the execu-
tion of such plans exaept by formal contract
with their directors, some of whom will con-
sent, while some will not. and therefore does
not afford sufficient authority to undertake
improvements upon the scale upon which it
would be necessary to undertake them. Every
app.rpach to this difficult subject matter of
decision brings us face to face, therefore, with
this unanswered question: What is right that
we should do with the railroads, in the inter-
est of the public and in fairness to their own-
ers?
"Let me say at once that I have no answer
ready. The only thine: that is perfectly clear
to me is that it is not fair either to the pub-
lic or to the owners of the railroads to leave
the question unanswered and that it will pres-
ently become my duty to relinquish control of
the roads even before the expiration of the
statutory period, unless there should appear
some clear prospect in the meantime of a leg-
islative solution. Their release would at least
produce one element of a solution, namely,
certainty and a quick stimulation of private
initiative.
"I believe that it will be serviceable for me
to set forth as explicitly as possible the al-
ternative courses that lie open to our choice.
We can simply release the roads and go back
to the old conditions of private management.
unrestricted competition and multiform regu-
lation by both state and federal authorities:
or we can go to the opposite extreme and
establish complete government control, accom-
panied, if necessary, by actual government
ownership: or we can adopt an intermediate
course of modified private control under a
more unified and affirmative public regulation
and under such, alterations of the law as will
permit wasteful competition to be avoided and
a considerable degree of unification of admin-
istration to be effected, as. for example, by
regional corporations under which the railways
of a definable area would be in effect com-
bined in single systems.
"The one conclusion that I am ready to
state with confidence is that it would be a
disservice alike to the country and to the own-
ers of the railroads to return to the old con-
ditions unmodified. Those are conditions of
restraint without development. There is noth-
ing affirmative or helpful about them. What
the country chiefly needs is that all its means
of transportation should be developed, its rail-
ways, its waterways, its highways and its
countryside roads. Some new element of poli-
cy, therefore, is absolutely necessary — necessary
for the service of the public, necessary for the
release of credit to those who are administer-
ing the railways, necessary for the protection
of their security holders. The old policy may
be changed much or little, but surely it can-
not wisely be left as it was. I hope that the
congress will have a complete and impartial
study of the whole problem instituted at once
and prosecuted as rapidly as possible. I stand
ready and anxious to release the roads from
the present control and I must do so at a
very early date if by waiting1 until the statu-
tory limit of time is reached I shall be mere-
ly prolonging the period of doubt and uncer-
tainty which is hurtful to every interest con-
cerned.
"3fy Paramount Duty to Go."
"I welcome this occasion to announce to
the congress my purpose to join in Paris the
representatives of the governments with which
we have been associated in the war against
the central empires for the purpose of dis-
cussing with them the main features of the
treaty of peace. I realize the great incon-
veniences that will attend my leaving the
country, particularly at this time, but the
conclusion that it was my paramount duty
to go has been forced upon me by considera-
tions which I hope will seem as conclusive
to you as they have seemed to me.
I shall be in close touch with you and
with affairs on this side the water, and you
will know all that I do. At my request the
French and English governments have abso-
lutely removed the censorship of cable news
which until within a fortnight they had main-
tained, and there is now no censorship what-
ever exercised at this end except upon at-
tempted trade communications with enemy
countries.
"It has been necessary to keep an open wire
constantly available between Paris and the de-
partment of state and another between France
and the department of war. In order that
this might be done with the least possible in-
terference with the other uses of the cables. I
have temporarily taken over the control of
both cables in order that they may be used
as a single system. I did so at the advice of
the most experienced cable officials, and I hope
that the results will justify my hope that the
news of the next few months may pass with
the utmost freedom and with the least possi-
ble delay from each side of the sea to the
other.
"May I not hope, gentlemen of the congress,
that in the delicate tasks I shall have to per-
form on the other side of the sea. in my ef-
forts truly and faithfully to interpret the prin-
ciples and purposes of the country we love I
may have the encouragement and the added
strength of your united support ? I realize the
maenitude and difficulty of the duty I am un-
dertaking: I am poignantly aware of its srrave
responsibilities.
"I am the servant of the nation. I can have
no private thought or purpose of my own in
performing such an errand. I so to give the
best that is in me to the common settlements
which I must now assist in arriving at in con-
ference with the other working heads of the
associated governments. I shall count upon
your friendly countenance and encouragement.
"I shall not be inaccessible. The cables and
the wireless will render me available for any
counsel or service you may desire of me. and
I shall be happy in the thought that I am
constantly in touch with the weighty matters
of domestic policy with which we shall have
to deal. I shall make my absence as brief
as possible and shall hope to return with the
happy assurance that it has been possible to
translate into action the great ideals for which
America has striven."
FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL
TRAINING.
Appointed by the president.
Arthur B. Holder, Iowa ; three year term.
Charles A. Greathouse, Indiana ; two year term.
James Phinney Munroe, Massachusetts ; one year
term.
Ex Officio Members— Secretary of agriculture,
secretary of commerce, secretary of labor and
commissioner of education.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
725
WOMAN SUFFRAGE.
THE SUSAN B. ANTHONY AMENDMENT.
In the national house of representatives Jan.
10, 1918, a resolution was adopted propos-
ing an amendment tp the constitution of the
United States extending- the right of suffrage
to women. The resolution required a two-
thirds vote for passage and this was just
attained, the vote standing 274 yeas to 136
nays. Those voting for the amendment in-
cluded 104 democrats. 165 republicans and 5
independents: those voting against it includ-
ed 102 democrats. 33 republicans and 1 in-
dependent. Interest in the matter was great
and several congressmen, among1 them James
R. Mann of Chicago, came from hospitals to
the house to cast their votes. The resolution
as adopted read:
"House resolution No. 1.
"Proposing an amendment to the constitu-
tion of the United States extending the right
of suffrage to women.
"Resolved, by the senate and house of rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
in congress assembled (two-thirds of each
house concurring therein). That the follow-
ing article be proposed to the legislatures of
the several states as an amendment to the
constitution of the United States, which,
when ratified by three-fourths of the said
legislatures, shall be valid as part of said
constitution, namely:
"Article — , Section 1. The right of citizens
of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or
by any state on account of sex.
"Sec. 2. Congress shall have power by ap-
propriate legislation to enforce the provisions
of this article."
The foregoing is what is popularly known as
the Susan B. Anthony amendment.
APPEAL BY PRESIDENT WILSON.
President Wilson appeared in the senate
chamber Sept. 30 and made the following
address in favor of granting women the right
to vote:
"Gentlemen of the Senate: The unusual
circumstances of a world war, in which we
stand and are judged in the view not only of
our own people and our own consciences, but
also in the view of all nations and peoples,
will. I hope, justify in your thought, as it
does in mine, the message I have come to
bring you.
"I regard the concurrence of the senate in
the constitutional amendment proposing the
extension of the suffrage to women as vitally
essential to the successful prosecution of the
great war of humanity in which we are en-
gaged. I have come to urge upon you the
considerations which have led me to that
conclusion. It is not only my privilege, it is
also my duty to apprise you of every circum-
stance and element involved in this momentous
struggle, which seems to me to affect its very
process and its outcome. It is my duty to
win the war and to ask you to remove every
obstacle that stands in the way of winning it.
"I have assumed that the senate would
concur in the amendment because no dispu-
table principle is involved, but only a Question
of the method by which the suffrage is to
be extended to women. There is and can be
no party issue involved in it. Both of our
great national parties are pledged, explicitly
pledged, to equality of suffrage for the
women of the country.
"Neither party, therefore, it seems to me,
can justify hesitation as to the method of ob-
taining it, can rightfully hesitate to substitute
federal initiative for state initiative, if the
early adoption of this measure is necessary
to the successful prosecution of the war, and
if the method of state action proposed in the
party platforms of 1916 is impracticable within
any reasonable length of time, if practical at
all.
"And its adoption is, in my judgment, clearly
necessary to the successful prosecution of the
war and the successful realization, of the ob-
jects for which the war is being fought.
"That judgment I take the liberty of urg-
ing upon you with solemn earnestness for
reasons which I shall state very frankly and
which I shall hope will seem as conclusive
to you as they seem to me.
"This is a people's war and the people's
thinking constitutes its atmosphere and morale,
not the predilections of the drawing room or
the political considerations of the caucus. If
we be indeed democrats and wish to lead the
world to democracy we can ask other peo-
ples to accept in proof of our sincerity and
our ability to lead them whither they wish to
be led nothing less persuasive and convincing
than our actions. Our professions will not
suffice.
"Verification must be forthcoming when
verification is asked for. And in this case
verification is asked for — asked for in this
particular matter. You ask by whom. Not
through diplomatic channels. Not by foreign
ministers. Not by the intimations of parlia-
ments. It is asked for by the anxious, expec-
tant, suffering peoples with whom we are
dealing and who are willing to put their des-
tinies in some measure in our hands, if they
are sure that we wish the same things that
they do.
"I do not speak by conjecture. It is not
alone the voices of statesmen and of news-
papers that reach me, and the voices of
foolish and intemperate .agitators do not reach
me at all. Through many, many channels I
have been made aware what the plain,
struggling, workaday folk are thinking upon
whom the chief terror and suffering of this
tragedy fall. They are looking to the great,
powerful, famous democracy of the west to
lead them to the new day for which they
have so long waited: and they think, in their
logical simplicity, that democracy means that
women shall play their part in affairs along-
side men and upon an equal footing with
them. If we reject measures like this in igno-
rant defiance of what a new age has brought
forth, of what they have seen but we have
not. they will cease to believe in us; they
will cease to follow or to trust us.
"They have seen their own governments ac>-
cept this interpretation of democracy — seen old
governments like that of Great Britain, which
did not profess to be democratic, promise read,
ily and as of course this justice to women,
though they had before refused it; the strange
revelations of this war having made many
things new and plain to governments as well
as to peoples.
"Are we alone to refuse to learn the les-
son? Are we alone to ask and take the ut-
most that our women can give — service and
sacrifice of every kind — and still say we do not
see what title that gives them to stand by our
sides in the guidance of the affairs of their
nation and ours? We have made partners of
the women in this war; shall we admit them
only to a partnership of suffering and sacri-
fice and toil and not to a partnership of privi-
lege and right?
"This war could not have been fought,
either by the other nations engaged or by
America, if it had not been for \ ae services
of the women — services rendered in every
sphere — not merely in the fields of effort in
which we have been accustomed to see them
work, but wherever men have worked and
upon the very skirts and edges of the battle
itself. We shall not only be distrusted but
shall deserve to be distrusted if we do not
enfranchise them with the fullest possible
726
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
enfranchisement, as it is now certain that the
other great free nations will enfranchise them.
"We cannot isolate our thoug-ht and action
in such a matter from the thought of the
rest of the world. We must either conform
or deliberately reject what they propose and
resign the leadership of liberal minds to
others.
"The women of America are too noble and
too intelligent and too devoted to be slack-
ers whether you give or withhold this thing-
thai is mere justice; but I know the magic
it will work in their thoughts and spirits if
you give it to them. I propose it as I would
propose to admit soldiers to the suffrage, the
men fighting in the field for our liberties and
the liberties of the world, were they excluded.
The tasks of the women lie at the very heart
of the war, and I know how much stronger
that heart will beat if you do this just
thing and show our women that you trust
them as much as you in fact and of neces-
sity depend upon them.
"Have I said that the passage of this
amendment is a vitally necessary war meas-
ure, and do you need further proof, do you
stand in need of the trust of other peoples
and of the trust of. our own women? Is that
trust an asset or is it not? I tell you plainly,
as the commander in chief of our armies and
of the gallant men in our fleets, as the present
spokesman of this people in our dealings with
the men and women throughout the world who
are now our partners: as the responsible head
of a great government which stands and is
questioned day by day as to its purposes, its
principles, its hopes, whether they be service-
able to men everywhere or only to itself, and
who must himself answer these questionings
or be shamed; as the guide and director of
forces caught in the grip of war and by the
same token in need of every material and
spiritual resource this great nation possesses —
I tell you plainly that this measure which I
urge upon you is vital to the winning of the
war and to the energies alike of preparation
and of battle.
"And not to the winning of the war only.
It is vital to the right solution of the great
problems which we must settle, and settle
immediately, when the war is over. We shall
need then in our vision of affairs, as we have
never needed them before, the sympathy and
insight and clear moral instinct of the women
of the world.
"The problems of that time will strike to
the roots of many things that we have not
hitherto questioned, and I. for one, believe
that our safety in those questioning days, as
well as our comprehension of matters that
touch society to the quick, will depend upon
the direct and authoritative participation of
women in our counsels. We shall need their
moral sense to preserve what is right and
fine and worthy in our system of life as well
as to discover just what it is that ought to be
purified and reformed. Without their counsel-
ings we shall be only half wise.
"That is my case. This is my appeal.
Many may deny its validity, if they choose,
but no one can brush aside or answer the
arguments upon which it is based. The ex-
ecutive tasks of this war rest upon me. I
ask that you lighten them and place in my
hands instruments, spiritual instruments,
which I do not nov/ possess, which I sorely
need, and which I have daily to apologize
for not being able to employ."
DEFEATED IN SENATE.
Ignoring the president's appeal the senate
by a vote of 53 yeas to 31 nays defeated the
suffrage amendment on Oct. 1, the required
two-thirds affirmative vote lacking two votes.
Senator A. A. Jones of New Mexico, who
favored the amendment, voted in the nega-
tive so as to be in a position to move for a
reconsideration on the next legislative day.
Twenty-one democrats and ten republicans
voted in the negative. Omitting Mr. Jones,
the democrats were: Bankhead, Benet, Flet-
cher, Guion, Hardwick, Hitchcock, Martin
(Va.), Overman, Pomerene, Reed, Saulsbury,
Shields, Simmons, Smith (Ga.), Smith (Md.).
Smith (S. C.), Trammell, Underwood, Wil-
liams, Wolcott. The republicans were Baird,
Brandegee, Dillingham, Drew, Hale, Lodge,
McLean, Penrose, Wadsworth, Weeks.
The vote was reconsidered later and the
amendment remained on the calendar.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE STATES.
Women now have the right to vote in the
following states:
Alaska (terri- Idaho. New York.
tory). Illinois*. Oregon.
Arizona. Kansas. Utah.
California. Montana. Washington.
Colorado. Nevada. Wyoming.
*For offices not mentioned in state constitu-
tion.
States allowing partial suffrage to women
are: Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,
Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebras-
ka, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Ohio (defeated full
suffrage in 1912 and 1914), South Dakota,
Texas, Vermont and Wisconsin.
The Texas legislature passed a bill, signed
by the gpvernor March 26. 1918, giving wom-
en the right to vote in primary elections and
in conventions. Measure was declared un-
constitutional by Judge V. M. Taylor Sept. 26.
The British house of commons by a major-
ity of 249 adopted a resolution Ocf. 23, 1918.
in favor of women's sitting in parliament
In the upper house of the Swedish parlia-
ment April 28, 1918, a bill for woman suf-
frage was defeated 62 to 36.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN HAWAII.
The legislature of the territory of Hawaii
was authorized by an act passed by congress
and approved June 13, 1918, to provide that
in all elections authorized to be held by the
organic act of the territory female citizens
possessing the same qualifications as male
citizens shall be entitled to vote. The legisla-
ture was further vested with the power to
submit to the voters of the territory the
question as to whether women shall be em-
powered to vote.
LLOYD'S.
Lloyd's is an association of underwriters in
London, England. Its name is derived from
a coffee house kept by Edward Lloyd in '
Tower street in the 17th century, where
underwriters met to transact business. They
remained there until 1774, when they re-
moved to the Royal Exchange, where they
have since remained. Lloyd's was incorpo-
rated in 1871 by an act of parliament, the act
being amended in 1911. It does not under-
take insurance business as a corporation. This
is conducted by its members on their own
account but in accordance with the rules of
the society. Lloyd's is also an organization
fpr the collection and distribution of mari-
time intelligence which is published in
Lloyd's List. This paper, originally es-
tablished in 1696 as Lloyd's News, is the
oldest newspaper in Europe with the exception
of the London Gazette. Various works are
published by the corporation for the benefit
of the mercantile community.
ALMANAC AND YEAB-BOO}? FOB 1919.
727
The provisions of the war revenue act of
Oct. 3, 1917. are subject to change by new
legislation pending1 before congress when this
edition of the Almanac and Year-Book went
to press, but the act is reprinted here for pur-
poses of comparison. It follows:
Be it enacted by the senate and house of rep-
resentatives of the United States of America in
congress assembled:
Title I.— War Income Tax.
Section 1. That in addition to the normal tax
imposed by subdivision (a) of section 1 of the
act entitled "An act to increase the revenue
and for other purposes,"' approved Sept. 8,
1916, there shall be levied, assessed, collected
and paid a like normal tax of 2 per centum
upon the income of every individual, a citizen
' or resident of the United States, received in the
calendar year 1917 and every calendar year
thereafter.
Sec. 2. That in addition to the additional
tax imposed by subdivision (b) of section 1
of such act of Sept. 8, 1910. there shall be
levied, assessed, collected and paid a like ad-
ditional tax upon the income of every indi-
vidual received in the calendar year 1917 and
every calendar year thereafter, as follows:
One per centum per annum upon the amount
by which the total net income exceeds $5,000
and does not exceed $7,500.
Two per centum per annum upon the amount
by which the total net income exceeds $7,500
and does not exceed $10,000.
Three per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income ex-
ceeds $10,000 and does not exceed $12,500.
Four per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$13,500 and does not exceed $15,000.
Five per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income ex-
ceeds $15,000 and does not exceed $20,000.
Seven per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income ex-,
ceeds $20,000 and does not exceed $40.000.
Ten per centum per annum upon the amount
by which the total net income exceeds $40.-
000 and does not exceed $60,000.
Fourteen per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$00.000 and does not exceed $80,000.
Eig-hteen per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$80,000 and does not exceed $100,000.
Twenty-two per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$100,000 and does not exceed $150,000.
Twenty-five per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$150,000 and does not exceed $200,000.
Thirty per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income ex-
ceeds 8200.000 and does not exceed $250,000.
Thirty-four per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income ex-
ceeds $250,000 and does not exceed $300.000.
Thirty-seven per centum per annum upon
the amount by which the total net income ex-
ceeds $300,000 and does not exceed $500,000.
Forty per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$500.000 and does not exceed $750.000.
Forty-five per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$750,000 and does not exceed $1,000.000.
Fifty per centum per annum upon the
amount by which the total net income exceeds
$1,000.000.
Sec. 3. That the taxes imposed by sections
1 and 2 of this act shall be computed, levied,
assessed, collected and paid upon the same
basis and in the same manner as the similar
taxes imposed by section 1 of such act of
Sept. 8. 1916. except that in the case of the
tax imposed by section 1 of this act (a) the
exemptions of $3.000 and $4,000 provided in
section 7 of such act of Sept. 8. 1916. as
amended by this act, shall be, respectively.
$1.000 and S3. 000. and (b) the returns re-
quired under subdivisions (b) and (o) of sec-
tion 8 of such act as amended by this aot shall
be reauired in the cases of net incomes of
WAR REVENUE ACT OF OCT. 3. 1917.
.000 or over in the case of unmarried per-
sons, and $2,000 or over in the case of mar-
ried persons, instead of $3,000 or over, as
t Herein, provided, and (c) the provisions of
subdivision (c) of section 9 of such act. as
amended by this act, requiring- the normal tax
of individuals on income derived from interest
to be deducted and withheld at 'the source of
the income shall not apply to the new 2 per
centum normal tax prescribed in section 1 of
this act until on and after Jan. 1, 1918. and
thereafter only one 2 per centum normal tax
shall be deducted and withheld at the source
under the provisions of such subdivision (c).
and any further, normal tax for which the re^
cipient of such income is liable under this act
or such act of Sept 8. 1916. as amended by
this act. shall be paid by this recipient.
Sec. 4. .That in addition to the tax imposed
by subdivision (a) of section 10 of such act
of Sept. 8. 1916. as amended by this act. there
shall be levied, assessed, collected and paid a
like, tax of 4 per centum upon the income
received in the calendar year 1917 and every
calendar year thereafter, by every corporation,
joint stock company or association or insur-
ance company, subject to the tax imposed by
that subdivision of that section, except that
f it has fixed its own fiscal year the tax
imposed by this section for the fiscal year
ending- during the calendar year 1917 shall
be levied, assessed, collected and paid only
on that proportion of its income for such
fiscal year which the period between Jan. 1.
1917. and the end of .such fiscal year bears
to the whole of such fiscal year.
The tax imposed by this section shall be
computed, levied, assessed, collected and paid
upon the seme incomes and in the same man-
ner as the tax imposed by subdivision (a) of
section 10 of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. as
amended by this act, except that for the pur-
pose of the tax imposed by this section the
incomu embraced in a return of a corporation
joint stock company or association or insur-
ance company shall be credited with the
amount received as dividends upon the stock
or from the net earnings of any other cor-
poration, joint stock company or association
or insurance company which is taxable upon
its net income as provided in this title.
Sec. 5. That the provisions of this title
shall not extend to Porto Bico or the Philip-
pine islands, and the Porto Bican or Philip-
pine .egislature shall have power by due en-
actment to amend, alter, modify or repeal the
income tax laws in force in Porto Bico or
the Philippine islands, respectively.
Title II.— War Excess Profits Tax.
Sec. 200. That when used in this title—
The term "corporation" inclu4es joint stock
companies or associations and insurance com-
panies:
The term "domestic" means created under the
law of the Uru'ted States or of any state,
tei-ritory or district thereof, 'and the term
"foreign" means created under the law of any
other possession of the United States or of
any foreign country or government;
The term "United States" means only the
states, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii and
the District of Columbia;
The term "taxable year" means the twelve
months ending Dec. 31, excepting- in the case of
a corporation or partnership which has fixed
its own fiscal year, in which case it means
such fiscal year. The first taxable year shall
be the year ending Dec. 31. 1917. except that
in the case of a corporation or partnership
which has fixed its own fiscal year it shall be
the fiscal year ending- during: the calendar year
1917. If a corporation or partnership prior
to March 1. 1918. makes a return covering- its
own fiscal year, and includes therein the in-
come received during1 that tiart of. the fiscal
year falling within the calendar year 1916. the
tax for such taxable year shall be that pro-
portion of the tax computed upon the net in-
come during such fiscal year which the time
from Jan. 1. 1917, to the end of such fiscal
year bears to the full fiscal year; and
728
ALMANAC A»B YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
The term "prewar period" means the calen-
dar years 1911, 1912 and 1913, or, il a cor-
poration or partnership was not in existence
or an individual was not engaged in a trade or
business during: the whole of such period, then
as many oi such years during the whole of
which the corporation or partnership was in
existence or the individual was engaged in the
trade or business.
The terms "trade" and "business" include
professions and occupations.
The term "net income" means in the case of
a foreign corporation or partnership or a non-
resident alien individual the net income re-
ceived from sources within the United States.
Sec. 201. That in addition to the taxes
Tinder existing law and under this act there
shall be levied, assessed, collected and paid
for each taxable year upon the income of
every corporation, partnership or individual,
a tax (hereinafter in this title referred to as
the tax) eaual to the following percentages of
the net income:
Twenty per centum of the amount of the
net income in excess of the deduction (de-
termined as hereinafter provided) and not in
excess of 15 per centum of the invested cap-
ital for the taxable year;
Twenty-five per centum of the amount of the
net income in excess of 15 per centum and
not in excess of 20 per centum of such capital ;
Thirty -five per centum of the amount of the
net income in excess of 20 per centum and
not in excess of 25 per centum of such cap-
ital:
Forty-five per centum of the amount of the
net income in excess of 25 per centum and
not in excess of 33 per centum of such cap-
ital ; and
Sixty per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of 33 per centum of such
capital.
For the purpose of this title every corpora-
tion or partnership not exempt under the pro-
visions of this section shall be deemed to
be engaged in business, and, all the trades
and businesses in which it is engaged shall
be treated as a single trade or business.
and all its income from whatever source de-
rived shall be deemed to be received from
such trade or business.
This title shall apply to all trades or busi-
nesses of whatever description, whether con-
tinuously carried on or not. except —
(a) In the case of officers and employes un-
der the United States, or any state, territory
or the District of Columbia, or any local sub-
division thereof, the compensation or fees re-
ceived by them as such officers or employes:
(b) Corporations exempt from tax under the
provisions of section 11 of title I. of such act
of Sept. 8. 1916, as amended by this act, and
partnerships and individuals carrying on or
doing the same business, or coming within the
same description: and
(c) Incomes derived from the business of
life, health and accident insurance combined
in one policy issued on the weekly premium
payment plan.
Sec. 202. That the tax shall not be imposed
in the case of the trade or business of a for-
eign corporation or partnership or a nonresi-
dent alien individual, the net income of which
trade or business during the taxable year is
less than $3.000.
Sec. 203. That for the purposes of this title
the deduction shall be as follows, except as
otherwise in this title provided:
(a) In the case of a domestic corporation,
the sum of (1) an amount eaual to the same
percentage of the invested capital for the tax-
able year which the average amount of the
annual net income of the trade or business
during the prewar period was of the invested
capital for the prewar period (but not less
than 7 or more than 9 per centum of the in-
vested capital for the taxable year), and (2)
$3.000:
(b) In the case of a domestic partnership of
a citizen or resident of the United States, the
sum of (1) an amount equal to the same per-
centage of the invested capital for the taxable
year which the average amount of the annual
net income of the trade or business during the
prewar period was of the invested capital for
the prewar period (but not less than 7 or
more than 9 per centum of the invested capital
lor the taxable year), and (2) 86,000:
(c) In the case of a foreign corporation or
partnership or of a nonresident alien indi-
vidual, an amount ascertained in the same man-
ner as provided in subdivisions (a) and (b).
without any exemption of 83,000 or $6,000.
(d) If the secretary of the treasury is unable
satisfactorily to determine the average amount
of the annual net income of the trade or busi-
ness during the prewar period, the deduction
shall be determined in the same manner as
piovided in section 205.
Sec. 204. That if a corporation or partner-
ship was not in existence, or an individual was
not engaged in the trade or business during
the whole of any one calendar year during the
rrewar period, the deduction shall be an
amount eaual to 8 per centum of the invested
capital for the taxable year, plus in the case
of a domestic corporation $3,000. and in the
case of a domestic partnership or a citizen or
resident of the United States. $6,000.
A trade or business carried on by a corpora-
tion, partnership or individual, although for-
mally organized or reorganized on or after Jan.
2, 1913, which is substantially a continuation
of a trade or business carried on prior to that
date, shall, for the purpose of this title, be
deemed to have been in existence prior to that
date, and the net income and invested capital
of its predecessor prior to that date shall be
deemed to have been its net income and in-
vested capital.
Sec. 205. (a) That if the secretary of the
treasury, upon complaint, finds either (1) that
during the prewar period a domestic corpora-
tion or partnership, or a citizen or resident of
the United States, had no net income from the
trade or business, or (2) that during the pre-
war period the percentage which the net in-
come was of the invested capital, was low as
compared with the percentage which the net
income during such period of representative
corporations, partnerships and individuals, en-
gaged in a like or similar trade or business,
was of their invested capital then the deduc-
tion shall be the sum of (1) an amount equal
to the same percentage of its invested capital
for the taxable year which the average deduc-
tion (determined in the same manner as pro-
vided in section 203. without including the
83,000 or $6,000 therein referred to) for such
year, of representative corporations, partner-
ships or individuals, eng aged in a like or simi-
lar trade or business, is of their average in-
vested capital for such year, plus (2) in the
case of a domestic corporation $3,000. and in
the case of a domestic partnership or a citizen
or resident of the United States $6,000.
The percentage which the net income was of
the invested capital in each trade or business
shall be determined by the commissioner of in-
ternal revenue, in accordance with regulations
prescribed by him with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury. In the case of a
corporation or partnership which has fixed its
own fiscal year, the percentage determined for
the calendar year ending during such fiscal
year shall be used.
(b) The tax shall be assessed upon the basis
of the deduction determined as provided in
section 203. but the taxpayer claiming the
benefit of this section may at the time of
making the returns file a claim for abate-
ment of the amount by which the tax eo
assessed exceeds a tax computed upo.n the basis
of the deduction determined as provided in this
section. In such event collection of the part
of the tax covered by such claim for abate-
ment shall not be made until the claim is de-
cided, but if in the judgment of the commis-
sioner of internal revenue the interests of the
United States would be jeopardized thereby he
may require the claimant to give a bond in
such amo\ir,t and w_ith such sureties as the
commissioner may think wise to safeguard such
interests, conditioned for the payment of any
tax found to be due, with the interest thereon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
729
and if such bond, satisfactory to the commis-
sioner, is not given within such time as he
prescribes the full amount - of tax assessed
shall be collected and the amount overpaid, if
any, shall upon final decision of the applica-
tion be refunded as a tax erroneously or ille-
gally collected.
Sec. 206. That for the purposes of this title
the net income of a corporation shall be ascer-
tained and returned (a) for the calendar years
1911 and 1913 upon the same basis and in
the same manner as provided in section 38 of
the act entitled "An act to provide revenue,
equalize duties and, encourage the industries of
the United States, and for other purposes." ap-
proved Aug. 6, 1909, expept that income
taxes paid by it within the year imposed by
the authority of the United States shall be
included: (b) for the calendar year 1913 upon
the same basis and in the same manner as
provided in section 2 of the act entitled "An
act to reduce tariff duties and to provide rev-
enue for the government and for other pur-
poses," approved Oct. 3, 1913, except that
income taxes paid by it within the year im-
posed by the authority of the United States
shall be included, and except that the amounts
received by it as dividends upon the stock or
from the net earnings of other corporations,
joint stock companies or associations or in-
surance companies, subject to the tax im-
?osed by section 2 of such act of Oct. 3,
913, shall be deducted: and (c) for the tax-
able year upon the same basis and in the
same manner as provided in title I. of the act
entitled "An act to increase the revenue, and
lor other .purposes," approved Sept. 8. 1916. as
amended by this act, except that the amounts
received by it as dividends upon the stock or
irpm the net earnings of other corporations,
joint stock companies or associations or In-
surance companies subject to the tax imposed
by title I. of such act of Sept. 8. 1916, shall
be deducted.
The net income of a partnership or individual
Shall be ascertained and returned for the cal-
endar years 1911, 1912 and 1913. and for the
taxable year, upon the same basis and in the
same manner as provided in title I. of such
act of Sept. 8, 1916. as amended by this act,
except that the credit allowed by subdivision
(b) of section 5 of such act shall be deducted.
There shall be allowed (a) in the case of a
domestic partnership the same deductions as al-
lowed to individuals in subdivision (a) of sec-
tion 5 of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. as amend-
ed by this act: and (b) in the case of a for-
eign partnership the same deductions as al-
lowed to individuals ia subdivision (a) of sec-
tion 6 of such act as amended by this act.
Sec. 207. That as used in this title the term
invested capital" for any year means the av-
erage invested capital for the year as defined
and limited in this title, averaged monthly.
As used in this title- "invested capital" does
not include stocks, bonds (other than ob-
ligations of the United States) or other assets,
the income from which is not subject to the
tax imposed by this title, nor money or other
property borrowed, and means, subject to the
above limitations:
(a) In the case of a corporation or partner-
ship: (1) actual cash paid in. (2) the actual
cash value of tangible property paid in other
than cash, for stock or shares in such corpora-
tion or partnership, at the time of such pay-
ment (but in case such tangible property was
paid in prior to Jan. 1, 1914, the actual cash
value of such property as of Jan. 1, 1914, but
in no case to exceed the par value of the orig-
inal stock or shares specifically issued there-
for). and (3) paid in or earned surplus and
undivided profits used or employed in the busi-
ness, exclusive of undivided profits earned dur-
ing: the taxable year: provided that (a) the actual
cash value of patents and copyrights paid in
for stock or shares in such corporation, or
Partnership, at the time of such payment,
shall be included as invested capital, but not
to exceed the par value of such stock or
snares at the. time of such payment, and (b)
the good will, trade marks, trade brands,
the franchise of a corporation or partnership.
or other intangible property, shall be included
as invested capital if the corporation pr part-
nership made payment bona fide thereior spe-
cifically as such in cash or tangible property,
the value of such good will, trade mark, trade
"brand, franchise or intangible property not to
exceed the actual cash or actual cash value
of the tangible property paid therefor at the
time of such payment, but good will, trade
marks, trade brands, franchise of a corpora-
tion or partnership, or other intangible proper-
ty, bona fide purchased, prior to March 3.
1917, for and with interests or shares in a
partnership or for and with shares in the cap-
ital stock of a corporation (issued prior to
March 3, 1917). in an amount not to exceed,
on March 3, 1917, 20 per centum of the total
interests or sharts in the partnership or of
the total shares of the capital stock of the
corporation, shall be included in invested cap-
ital at a value not to exceed the actual cash
value at the time of such purchase, and in
case of issue of stock therefor not to exceed
the par value of such stock:
(b) In the case of an indvidual. (1) actual
cash paid into the trade or business, and (2)
the actual cash value of tangible property
paid into the trade or business, other than
cash, at the time of such payment (but in
case such tangible property was paid in prior
to Jan. 1. 1914. the actual cash value of such
property as of Jan. 1, 1914), and (3) the ac-
tual cash value of patents, copyrights, good
will, trade marks, trade brands, franchises or
other intangible property, paid into the trado
or business, at the time of such payment, if
payment was made therefor specifically as
such in cash or tangible property, not to ex-
ceed the actual cash or actual cash value of
the tangible property bona fide paid therefor
at the time of such payment.
In the case of a foreign corporation or part-
nership or of a nonresident alien individual the
term "invested capital" means that propor-
tion of the entire invested capital, as defined
and limited in this title, which the net income
from sources within the United States bears
to the entire net income.
See. 208. That in case of the reorganization,
consolidation or change of ownership of a
trade or business after March 3, 1917, if an
interest or control in such trade or business
of 50 per centum or more remains in control
of the same persons, corporations, associa-
tions, partnerships or any of them, then in
ascertaining the invested capital of the trade
or business no asset transferred or received
from the prior trade or business shall be al-
lowed a greater value than would have been
allowed under this title in computing the in-
vested capital of such prior trade or business
if such asset had not been so transferred or
received, unless such asset was paid for spe-
cifically as such, in cash or tangible property,
and then not to exceed the actual cash or
actual cash value of the tangible property
paid therefor at the time of such payment.
Sec. 209. That in the case of a trade or busi-
ness having no invested capital or not more
than a nominal capital there shall be levied,
assessed, ^olleeted and pai<}, in addition to the
taxes under existing law and under this act,
in lieu of the tax imposed by section 201, a
tax equivalent to 8 per centum of the net in-
come of such trado or business in excess of
the following deductions: In the case of a do-
mestic corporation $3,000, and in the case of
a domestic partnership or a citizen or resident
of the United States 86,000: in the case of all
other trades or businesses, no deduction.
Sec. 210. That if the secretary of the treas-
ury is unable in any case satisfactorily to deter-
mine the invested capital, the amount of the de-
duction shall be the sum of (1) an amount
equal to the same proportion of the net income
of the trade or business received during the
taxable year as the proportion which the aver-
age deduction (determined in the same man-
ner as provided in section 203. without includ-
ing the S3. 000 or $6.000 therein referred to)
for the same calendar year of representative
corporations, partnerships and individuals, en-
paged in a like or similar trade or business,
bears to the total net income of the trade or
730
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
business received by such corporations, part-
nerships and individuals, plus (2) in the case
of a domestic corporation 83,000, and in the
case of a domestic partnership or a citizen or
resident Ol the United States $6,000.
For the purpose of this section the propor-
tion between the deduction and the net income
in each trade or business shall be determined
by the commissioner of internal revenue in ac-
cordance with regulations prescribed by him,
with the approval of the secretary of the treas-
ury. In the case of a corporation or partner-
ship which has fixed its own fiscal year, the
proportion determined for the calendar year
ending1 during such fiscal year shall be used.
Sec. 211. That every foreign partnership hav-
ing: a net income oi $3,000 or more for the
taxable year, and every domestic partnership
having a net income of $6,000 or more for the
taxable year, shall render a correct return of
the income of the trade or business for the
taxable year, setting1 forth specifically the gross
income for such year and the deductions al-
lowed in this title. Such returns shall be
rendered at the same time and in the same
manner as is prescribed for income tax returns
under title I. of such act of Sept. 8, 1916, as
amended by this act.
Sec. 212. That all administrative, special and
general provisions of law. including the laws.
in relation to the assessment, remission, col-
lection and refund of internal revenue taxes
not heretofore specifically repealed, and
not inconsistent with the provisions of this
title, are hereby extended and made applicable
to all the provisions of this title and to the tax
herein imposed, and all provisions of title I.
of such act of Sept. 8, 1916, as amended by
this act, relating to returns and payment of
the tax therein imposed, -including penalties,
and hereby made applicable to the tax im-
posed by this title.
Sec. 213. That the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, shall make all necessary regula-
tions for carryine' out the provisions of this
title, and may require any corporation, part-
nership or individual subject to the provisions
of this title to furnish him with such facts.
data and information as in his judgment are
necessary to collect the tax imposed by this
title.
Sec. 214. That title II. (sections 200 to 207
inclusive) of the act entitled "An act to pro-
vide increased revenue to defray the expenses
of the increased appropriations for the army
and navy, and the extensions of fortifications,
and for other purposes." approved March 3,
1917, is hereby repealed.
Any amount heretofore or hereafter paid on
account of the tax imposed by such title II.
shall be credited toward the payment of the
tax imposed by this title, and if the amount
so paid exceeds the amount of such tax the ex-
cess shall be refunded as a tax erroneously or
illegally collected.
Subdivision (1) of section 301 of such act
of Sept. 8, 1916, is hereby amended so that
the rate of tax for the taxable year 1917
shall be 10 per centum instead of 12% per
centum, as therein provided.
Subdivision (2) of such section is hereby
amended to read as follows:
"(2) This section shall cease to be of effect
on and after Jan. 1, 1918."
Title III.— War Tax on Beverages^.
Sec. 300. That on and after the passage of
this act there shall be levied and collected on
all distilled spirits in bond at that time or
that have been or that may be then or there-
after produced in or imported into the United
States, except such distilled spirits as are sub-
ject to the tax provided in section 303, in
addition to the tax now imposed by law, a
tax of $1.10 (or, if withdrawn for beverage
purposes or for use in the manufacture or
production of any article used or intended for
use as a beverage, a tax of $2.10) on each
proof gallon, or wine gallon when below
•nroof. and a proportionate tax at a like rate
on all fractional parts of such proof or wine
grallon. to be paid by the distiller or im-
porter when withdrawn, and collected under
the provisions of existing law.
That in addition to the tax under existing
law there shall be levied and collected upon
all perfumes hereafter imported into the
United States containing distilled spirits, a
tax of $1.10 per wine g-ailon, and a propor-
tionate tax at a like rate on all fractional
parts of such wine gallon. Such tax shall
be collected by the collector of customs and
deposited as internal revenue collections, un-
der such rules and regulations as the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, with the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, may pre-
scribe.
Sec. 301. That no distilled spirits produced
after the passage of this act shall be imported
into the United States from any foreign coun-
try, or from the West Indian islands recently
acquired from Denmark (unless produced from
products the growth of such islands, and not
then into any state or territory or district of
the United States in which the manufacture or
sale of intoxicating: liquor is prohibited), or
from Porto Rico, or the Philippine islands.
Under such rules, regulations and bonds as the
secretary of the treasury may prescribe, the
provisions of this section shall not apply to
distilled spirits imported for other than (1)
beverage purposes or (2) use in the manufac-
ture or production of any article used or in-
tended for use as a beverage.
Sec. 302. That at registered distilleries pro-
ducing alcohol or other high proof spirits
packages may be filled with such spirits re-
duced to not less than 100 proof from the
receiving cisterns and tax paid without be-
ing entered into bonded warehouse. Such
spirits may be also transferred from the re-
ceiving- cisterns at snich distilleries, by means
of pipe lines, direct to storage tanks in
the bonded warehouse and may be ware-
housed in. such storage tanks. Such spirits
may be also transferred in tanks or tank
cars to general bonded warehouses for stor-
age therein, either in storage tanks in such
warehouses or in the tanks in which they
were transferred. Such spirits may also be
transferred after tax payment from receiving
cisterns or warehouse storage tanks to tanks
or tank cars and may be transported in such
tanks or tank cars to the premises of recti-
fiera of spirits. The commissioner of inter-
nal revenue, with the approval of the secre-
tary of the treasury, is hereby empowered to
prescribe all necessary regulations relating to
the drawing off, transferring, gauging, storing
<ind transporting such spirits: the records to
be kept and returns to be made: the size and
kind of packages and tanks to bo used: the
marking, branding, numbering and stamping of
such packages and tanks: the kinds of stamps,
if any, to be used, and the time and manner
of paying the tax: the kind! of bond and the
penal sum of same. The tax prescribed by
law must be paid before such spirits are re-
moved from the distillery premises or from
general bonded warehouse In the case of spir-
its transferred thereto, except as otherwise
provided by law.
Under such regulations as the commissioner
of internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, may prescribe, dis-
tilled spirits may hereafter be drawn from re-
ceiving cisterns and deposited in distillery ware-
houses without having affixed to the packages
containing the same distillery warehouse
stamps, and such packages, when so deposited
In warehouse, may be withdrawn therefrom on
the original gauge where the same have re-
mained in such warehouse for a period not
exceeding thirty days from the date of de-
posit.
Under such regulations as the commissioner
of internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, may prescribe, the
manufacture, warehousing, withdrawal and
shipment, under the provisions of existing
law. of ethyl alcohol for other than (1)
beverage purposes or (2) use in the manu-
facture or production of any article used or
intended for use as a beverage, and denatured
alcohol, may be exempted from the provisions
of section 3283, revised statutes of the United
States.
Under such regulations as the commissioner
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
731
of internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary ol the treasury. may prescribe,
manufacturers of ethyl alcohol for other than
beverag-e purposes may be granted permission
under the provisions of section 3285, revised
statutes of the United States, to fill ferment-
ing1 tub in a sweet-mash distillery not oftener
than once in forty-eight hours.
Sec. 303. That upon all distilled spirits pro-
duced in or imported into the United States
upon which the tax now imposed by law has
been paid and which, on the day this act is
passed, are held by a retailer in a quantity
in excess of fifty gallons in the aggregate,
or by any other person, corporation, partner-
ship or association in any quantity, and which
are intended for sale, there shall be levied,
assessed, collected and paid a tax of $1.10 (or.
if intended for sale for beverage purposes
or for use in the manufacture or produc-
tion of any article used or intended for use
as a beverage, a tax of $2.10) on each proof
gallon, and a proportionate tax at a like rate
on all fractional parts of such propf gallon;
Provided, That the tax on such distilled spir-
its in the custody of a court of bankruptcy
in insolvency proceeding's on June 1. 1917,
shall be paid by the person to whom the court
delivers such distilled spirits at the time of
such delivery, to the extent that the amount
thus delivered exceeds the fifty gallons here-
inbefore provided.
Sec. 304. That in addition to the tax now
imposed or imposed by this act on distilled
spirits there shall be levied, assessed, collected
and paid a tax of 15 cents on each proof
gallon and a proportionate tax at a like rate
on all fractional parts of such proof gallon
on all distilled spirits or wines hereafter recti-
fied, purified or refined in such manner, and
on all mixtures hereafter produced in such
manner, that the person so rectifying, purify-
ing1, refining or mixing the same is a rectifier
within the meaning1 of section 3244. revised
statutes, as amended, and on all such articles
in the possession of the rectifier on the day
this act is passed: Provided. That this tax
shall not apply to sin produced by the redis-
tillation of a pure spirit over juniper berries
and other aromatics.
When the process of rectification is com-
pleted and the tax prescribed by this section
has been paid it shall be unlawful for the
rectifier or other dealer to reduce in proof
or increase in volume such spirits or wine
by the addition of water or other substance;
nothing herein contained shall, however, pre-
vent a rectifier from using- again in the proc-
ess of rectification spirits already rectified and
upon which the tax has theretofpre been paid.
The tax imposed by this section shall not
attach to cordials or liqueurs on which a tax
is imposed and paid under the act entitled
"An act to increase the revenue and for -other
purposes." approved Sept. 8. 1916. nor to
the mixing and blending1 of wines, where such
blending is for the sole purpose of perfecting
such wines according- to commercial standards,
nor to blends made exclusively of two or
more pure straight whiskies a^red in wood for
a period not less than four years and without
the addition of coloring or flavoring- matter or
any other substance tha<n pure water and if
not reduced below ninety proof. Provided,
that such blended whiskies shall be exempt
from tax under this section only when com-
pounded under the immediate supervision of a
revenue officer, in such tanks and under such
conditions and supervision as the commissioner
of internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of the treasury, may prescribe.
All distilled spirits taxable under this sec-
tion shall be subject to xiniform regulations
concerning the use thereof in the manufacture,
blending, compounding. mixing. marking,
branding and sale of whisky and rectified spir-
its, and no discrimination whatsoever shall be
made by reason of a difference in the charac-
ter of the material from which same may have
been produced.
The business of a rectifier of spirits shall be
carried on and the tax on rectified spirits
shall be paid, under such rules, regulations
and bonds as may be prescribed by the com-
missioner of internal revenue, with the ap-
proval of the secretary of the treasury.
Any person violating any of the provisions
of this section shall be deemed to be guilty
of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall
be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned
not more than two years. He shall, in ad-
dition, be liable to double the tax evaded, to-
gether with the tax. to be collected by as-
sessment or on any bond given.
Sec. 305. That hereafter collectors of in-
ternal revenue shall not furnish wholesale
liquor dealers stamps in lieu of and in ex-
change for stamps for rectified spirits unless
the package covered by stamp for rectified
spirits is to be broken into smaller packages.
The commissioner of internal revenue, witlj
the approval of the secretary of the treasury,
is authorized to discontinue the use of the
following stamps whenever in his judgment the
interests of the government will be subserved
thereby :
Distillery warehouse, special bonded ware-
house, special bonded rewarehouse, general
bonded warehouse, general bonded retransfer.
transfer brandy, export tobacco, export cigars,
export oleomargarine and export fermented
liquor stamps.
Sec. 306. That the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, is hereby authorized to require
at distilleries, breweries, rectifying houses and
wherever else in his judgment such action may
be deemed advisable, the installation of meters,
tanks, pipes or any other apparatus for the
purpose of protecting the revenue, and such,
meters, tanks and pipes ?nd all necessary la-
bor incident thereto shall be at the expense
of the person, corporation, partnership or as-
sociation on whose premises the installation is
required. Any such person, corporation, part-
nership or association refusing or neglecting
to install such apparatus when so required by
the commissioner shall not be permitted to
conduct business on such premises.
Sec. 307. That on and after the passage of
this act there shall be levied and collected on
all beer, lager beer, ale, porter and other sim-
ilar fermented liquor, containing % per centum
or more of alcohol, brewed or manufactured
and sold or stored in warehouse, or removed
for consumption or sale, within the United
States, by whatever name such liquors may
be called, in addition to the tax now im-
posed by law, a tax of $1.50 for every barrel
containing not more than thirty-one gallons,
and at a like rate for any other quantity or
for the fractional parts of a barrel authorized
and defined by law.
Sec. 308. That from and after the passage
of this act taxable fermented liquors may be
conveyed without payment of tax from the
brewery premises where produced to a contig-
uous industrial distillery of either class estab-
lished under the act of Oct. 3. 1913, to be
used as distilling material, and the residue
from such distillation, containing less than
one-half of 1 per centum of alcohol by volume,
which is to be used in making beverages, may
be manipulated by cooling, flavoring carbo-
nating, settling and filtering on the distillery
premises or elsewhere.
The removal of the tr.xablo fermented liquor
from the brewery to the distillery and the
operation of the distillery and removal of the
residue therefrom shall be under the super-
vision of such officer or officers as the commis-
sioner of internal revenue shall deem proper,
and the commissioner of internal revenue, with
the approval of the secretary of the treasury,
is hereby authorized to make such regulations
from time to time as may be- necessary to give
force and effect to this section and to safe-
guard the revenue.
Sec. 309. That upon all still wines, including
ing- vermuth, and upon all champagne and other
sparkling wines, liqueurs, cordials, artificial
or imitation wines or compounds sold as wine,
produced in or imported into the United States.
"and hereafter removed from the customs house,
rlsce of manufacture or from bonded premises
for sale or consumption, there shall be levied
732
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
and collected, in addition to the tax now im-
posed by law upon such articles, a tax equal
to such tax, to be levied, collected and paid
under the provisions ox existing1 law.
Sec. 310. That upon all articles specified in
section 309 upon which the tax now imposed
by law has bee/i paid and which are on the
f/Aay this act is passed held in excess of twenty-
five gallons in the aggregate of such articles
and intended for sale, there shall be levied,
collected and paid a tax equal to the tax im-
posed by such section.
Sec. 311. That upon all grape brandy or
wine spirits withdrawn by a producer of wines
from any fruit distillery or special bonded
warehouse under subdivision (c) of section
402 of the act entitled "An act to increase
the revenue and for other purposes," approved
Sept. 8, 1916, there shall be levied, assessed,
collected and paid in addition to the tax there-
in imposed, a tax equal to double such tax.
to be assessed, collected and paid under the
provisions of existing law.
Sec. 312. That upon all sweet wines held
for sale by the producer thereof upon the day
this act ia passed there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid an additional tax
equivalent to 10 cents per proof gallon upon
the grape brandy or wine /spirits used in the
fortification of such wine, and an additional
tax of 20 cents per proof gallon shall be
levied, -assessed, collected and paid upon all
grape brandy or wine spirits withdrawn by a
producer of sweet wines for the purpose of
fortifying such wines and not so used prior to
the passage of this act.
Sec. 313. That there shall be levied, assessed,
collected and paid —
(a) Upon all prepared sirups or extracts
(intended for use in the manufacture or pro-
duction of beverages, commonly known as soft
drinks, by soda fountains, bottling establish-
ments and other similar places) sold by the
manufacturer, -producer or importer thereof, if
so sold for not more than $1.30 per gallon, a
tax of 5 cents per gallon; if so sold for more
than $1.30 and not more than $2 per gallon,
a tax of 8 cents per gallon : if so sold for more
than $2 and not more than $3 per gallon, a
tax of 10 cents per gallon: if so sold for more
than $3 and not more than $4 per gallon, a
tax of 15 cents per gallon; and if so sold for
more than $4 per gallon, a tax of 20 cents
per gallon: and
(b) Upon all unfermented grape juice, soft
drinks or artificial mineral waters (not car-
bonated) and fermented liquors containing-
less than one-half per centum of alcohol, sold
by the manufacturer, producer or importer
thereof, in bottles or other closed containers
and upon all ginger ale, root beer, sarsa-
parilla, POP and other carbonated waters or
beverages, manufactured and sold by the manu-
facturer, producer or importer of the carbonic
acid gas used in carbonating- the same, a tax
of 1 cent per gallon: and
(c) Upon all natural mineral waters or ta-
ble waters, sold by the producer, bottler or
importer thereof, in bottles or other closed
containers, at over 10 cents per gallon, a tax
of 1 cent per gallon.
Sec. 314. That each such manufacturer, pro-
ducer, bottler or importer shall make monthly
returns under oath to the collector of internal
revenuo for the district in which is located
the principal place of business, containing
such information necessary for the assessment
of the tax. and at such times and in such
manner as the commissioner of internal rev-
enue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, may by regulation prescribe.
Sec. 315. That upon all carbonic acid gas
In drums or other containers (intended for
use in the manufacture or production of car-
bonated water or other drinks) sold by the
manufacturer, producer or importer thereof,
there shall be levied, assessed, collected and
paid a tax of 5 cents per pound. Such tax
shall be paid by the purchaser to the vender
thereof and ghall be collected, returned and
paid to the United States by such vender in
thd same manner as provided in section 503.
Title IV.— War Tax on Cigars, Tobacco and
Manufactures Thereof.
Sec. 400. That upon cigars and cigarettes,
which shall be manufactured and sold, or re-
moved lor consumption or sale, there shall be
levied and collected, in addition to the taxes
now imposed by existing law, the following
taxes, to be '>aid by the manufacturer or im-
porter thereof; (a) on cigars of all descrip-
tions made" of tobacco, or any substitute there-
for and weighing not more than three pounds
per thousand. 25 cents per thousand; (b) 011
cigars made of tobacco or any sub-
stitute therefor, and weighing- more than three
pounds per thousand, if manufactured or im-
ported to retail at 4 cents or more each, anil
not more than 7 cents each, $1 per thousand:
(c) if manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 7 cents each and not more than
15 cents each, $3 per thousand; (d) if manu-
factured or imported tc retail at more than
15 cents each and not more than 20 cents
each, $5 per thousand (e) if manufactured
or imported to retail at more than 20 cents
each, $7 per thousand: Provided, That the
word "retail" aa used in this section shall
mean the ordinary retail price of a. single
cigar, and that the commissioner of internal
revenue may, by regulation, require the manu-
facturer or importer to affix to each box or
container a conspicuous label indicating by
letter the clause of this section under which
the cigars therein contained have been tax-
paid, which must correspond with the tax-
paid stamp on said box or container; (f) on
cigarettes made of tobacco, or any substitute
therefor, made in or imported into the United
States, and weighing not more than three
pounds per thousand, 80 cents per thousand;
weighing more than three pounds per thou-
sand. $1.26 per thousand.
Every manufacturer of cigarettes (including
email cigars weighing not more than three
pounds per thousand) shall put up all the
cigarettes and such small cigars that he man-
ufactures or has manufactured for him, and
sells or removes for consumption or use, in
packages or parcels containing five, eight, ten,
twelve, fifteen, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four,
forty, fifty, eighty or one hundred cigarettes
each, and shall securely affix to each of said
packages or parcels a suitable stamp denoting
the tax thereon and shall properly cancel
the same prior to such sale or removal lor
consumption or use under such regulations as
the commissioner of internal revenue, with
the approval of the secretary of the treasury,
shall prescribe; and all cigarettes imported
from a foreign country shall be packed,
stamped and the stamps canceled in a like
manner, in addition to the import stamp in-
dicating inspection of the custom house before
they are withdrawn therefrom.
Sec. 401. That upon all tobacco and snuff
hereafter manufactured and sold, or removed
for consumption or use, there shall be levied
and collected, in addition to the tax now im-
posed by law upon such articles, a tax of 5
cents per pound, to be levied, collected and
paid under the provisions of existing law.
In addition to the packages provided for un-
der existing law, manufactured tobacco and
snuff may be put up and prepared by the
manufacturer for sale or consumption, in
packages of the following description : Pack-
ages containing one-eighth, three-eighths, five-
eighths, seven-eighths, one and one-eighth,
one and three-eighths, one and five-eighths,
one and seven-eighths and five ounces.
Sec. 402. That sections 400, 401 and 404
shall take effect thirty days after the passage
of this act: Provided, That after the passage
of this act and before the expiration of the
aforesaid thirty days, cigarettes and manufac-
tured tobacco and snuff may be put up in the
packages now provided for by law or in the
packages provided for in sections 400 and
401.
Sec. 403. That there shall also be levied and
collected, upon all manufactured tobacco and
snuff in excess of one hundred pounds or upon
cigars or cigarettes in excess of one thousand,
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
733
•*hich were manufactured or imported, and
removed from factory or custom house prior
to the passagre of this act, bearing tax-paid
stamps affixed to such articles for the pay-
ment of the taxes thereon, and which, are. pn
the day after this act is passed, held and in-
tended for sale by any person, corporation,
partnership or association, and upon all manu-
factured tobacco, snuff, cigars or cigarettes,
removed from factory or custom house after
th? passagre of this act but prior to the time
when the tax imposed by section 400 or sec-
tion 401 upon such articles takes effect, an
additional tax equal to one-half the tax im-
posed by such sections upon such articles.
Sec. 404. That there shall be levied, assessed
nnd collected upon cigarette paper made UP
into packages, books, sets or tubes, made up
in or imported into the United States and
intended for use by the smoker in making:
cigarettes, the following taxes: On each pack-
age, book or set containing more than twenty-
five but not more than fifty papers, one-half
of 1 cent: containing1 more than fifty but
not more than one hundred paperp, 1 cent;
containing: more than one hundred papers, 1
cent for each one hundred papers or frac-
tional part thereof: and upon tubes. 2 cents
for each one hundred tubes or fractional
part thereof.
Title V.—War Tax on Facilities Furnished by
Public Utilities and, Insurance.
Sec. 600. That from and after the first day
ol November, 1917. there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid (a) a tax equivalent
to 3 per centum of the amount paid for tne
transportation by rail or water or by any form
of mechanical motor power when in competi-
tion with carriers by rail or water of proper-
ty by freight consigned from one point in the
United States to another; (b) a tax of 1 cent
for each 20 cents, or fraction thereof, paid to
any person, corporation, p.artnership or associ-
ation, engaged in the business of transporting
parcels or packages by express over regular
routes between fixed terminals, for the trans-
portation of any package, parcel or shipment
by express from one point in the United States
to another: Provided. That nothing herein
contained shall be construed to require the car-
rier collecting such tax to list separately in any
bill of lading, freight receipt or other similar
document the amount of the tax herein levied
if the total amount of the freight and tax be
therein stated: (c) a tax equivalent to 8 per
centum of the amount paid for the transporta-
tion of persons by rail or water, or by any
form of mechanical motor power on a regular
established line when in competition with car-
riers by rail or water, from one point in the
United States to another or to any point in
Canada or Mexico, where the ticket therefor is
sold or issued in the United States, not includ-
ing the amount paid for commutation or sea-
son tickets for trips less than thirty miles, or
for transportation the fare for which does not
exceed 35 cents, and a tax equivalent to 10
per centum of the amount paid for seats,
berths and staterooms in parlor cars, sleeping
cars or on vessels. If a mileage book used for
such transportation or accommodation has
been purchased before this section takes effect.
or if cash fare be paid, the tax imposed by this
section shall be collected from the person pre-
senting the mileage book or paying the cash
fare, by the conductor or other agent, when
presented for such transportation or accommo-
dation, and the amount so collected shall be
paid to the United States in such manner and
at such times as the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary of
the treasury, may prescribe: if a ticket (other
than a mileage book) is boiigrht and partially
used before this section goes into effect it
shall not be taxed, but if bought but not so
used before this section takes effect, it shall
not be valid for passage until the tax has been
paid and such payment evidenced on the ticket
in such manner as the commissioner of inter-
nal revenue, with the approval of the secre-
tary of the treasury, may by regulation pre
scribe; (d) a tax equivalent to 5 per centum
of the amount paid for the transportation of
oil by pipe line; (e) a tax of 5 cents upon
each telegraph, telephone or radio dispatch,
message or cpnversation, which originates
within the United States, and for the trans-
mission of which a charge of 15 cents or more
is imposed: Provided, That only one payment
of such tax shall be required, notwithstanding
the lines or stations of one or more persons,
corporations, partnerships or associations shall
be used for the transmission of such dispatch,
message or conversation.
Sec. 501. That the taxes imposed by section
500 shall be paid by the person, corporation,
partnership or association paying for the serv-
ices or facilities rendered.
In case such carrier does not. because of its
ownership of the commodity transported, or
for any other reason, receive the amount
which as a carrier it would otherwise charge,
such carrier shall pay a tax equivalent to the
tax which would be imposed upon the trans-
portation of such commodity if the carrier
received payment for such transportation:
Provided, That in case of a carrier which on
May 1. 1917. had no rates or tariffs on file
with the proper federal or state authority, the
tax shall be computed on the basis of the
rates or tariffs of other carriers for like serv-
ices as ascertained and determined by the
commissioner of internal revenue: Provided
further. That nothing in this or the preced-
ing section shall be construed as imposing a
tax (a) upon the transportation of any com-
modity which is necessary for the use of the
carrier in the conduct of its business as such
and is intended to be so used or has been
so used: or (b) upon the transportation of
company material transported by one carrier
which constitutes a Part of a railroad system,
for another carrier which is also a part of the
same system.
Sec. 502. That no tax shall be imposed un-
der section 500 upon any payment received lor
services rendered to the United States, or any
state, territory or the District of Columbia.
The right to exemption under this section shall
be evidenced in such manner as the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, with the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, may by
regulation prescribe.
Sec. 503. That each person, corporation,
partnership or association receiving any pay-
ments referred to in section 500 shall collect
the amount of the tax. if any. imposed by
such section from the person, corporation,
partnership or association making such pay-
ments, and shall make monthly returns un-
der oath, in duplicate, and t>ay the taxes BO
collected and the taxes imposed upon it un-
der paragraph of section 501 to the col-
lector of internal revenue of the district in
which the principal office or place of business
is located. Such returns shall contain such
information, and be made in such manner, as
the commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury, may
by regulation prescribe.
Sec. 504. That from and after the first day
of November. 1917. there shall he levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid the following1 taxes
on the issuance of insurance policies:
(a) Life insurance: A tax equivalent to 8
cents on each $100 or fractional part thereof
of the amount for which any life is insured
under any policy of insurance or other instru-
ment, by whatever name the same is called:
Provided. That on all policies for life insur-
ance only by which a life is insured not in
excess of $500, issued on the industrial or
weekly payment plan of insurance, the tax
shall be 40 per centum of the amount of the
flrsi weekly premium: Provided further. That
policies of reinsurance shall be exempt from
the tax imposed by this subdivision.
(b) Marine, inland and fire insurance: A
tax equivalent to 1 cent on each dollar or
fractional- part thereof of the premium
charged under each policy of insurpnce or oth-
er instrument by whatever name the same 13
called, whereby insurance is made or renewed
734
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
upon property of any description (including
rents or profits), whether against peril by sea
or inland waters, or by fire or lightning, or
other peril; Provided, That policies of rein-
surance shall be exempt from the tax im-
posed by this subdivision.
(c) Casualty insurance: A tax equivalent
to 1 cent on each dollar or fractional part
thereof of the premium charged under each
policy of insurance or obligation of the na-
ture of indemnity for loss, damage or liabil-
ity (except bonds taxable under subdivision
2 of schedule A of title VIII.) issued or
executed or renewed by any person, corpora-
tion, partnership or association transacting
the business of employers' liability, workmen's
compensation, accident, health, tornado, plate
glass, steam boiler, elevator; burglary, auto-
matic sprinkler, automobile or other branch
of insurance (except life insurance and insur-'
ance described and taxed in the preceding: sub-
division) ; Provided. That policies of reinsur-
ance shall be exempt from the tax imposed
by this subdivision.
(d) Policies issued by any person, corpora-
tion, partnership or association whose income
is exempt from taxation under title I. of the
act entitled "An act to increase the revenue
and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8,
1916. shall be exempt from the taxes imposed
by this section.
Sec. 505. That every person, corporation,
partnership or association issuing policies of
insurance >upon the issuance of which a tax is
imposed by section 504\ shall, within the first
fifteen days of each month, make a return un-
der oath, in duplicate, and pay such tax to the
collector of internal revenue of the district in
which the principal office or place of business
of such person, corporation, partnership or as-
sociation is located. Such returns shall con-
tain such information and be made in such
manner as the commissioner of internal reve-
nue., with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, may by regulation prescribe.
Title VI.— War Excise Taxes.
Sec. 600. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid —
(a) Upon all automobiles. automobile
trucks, automobile wagons and motorcycles,
sold by the manufacturer, producer or import-
er, a tax equivalent to 3 per centum of the
price for which so sold: and
(b) Upon all piano players, graphophones.
phonographs, talking machines and records
used in connection with any musical instru-
ment, piano player, graph ophone. phonograph
or talking- machine, sold by the manufacturer,
producer or importer, a tax equivalent 'to 3
per centum of the price for which so sold;
and
(c) Upon all moving picture films (which
have not been exposed) sold by the manu-
facturer or importer, a tax equivalent to %
of 1 cent per linear foot; and
(d) Upon all positive moving picture films
(containing a picture ready for projection)
sold or leased by the manufacturer, producer
or importer, a tax equivalent to % of 1 cent
per linear foot: and
(e) Upon any article commonly or commer-
cially known as jewelry, whether real or imi-
tation, sold by the manufacturer, producer or
importer thereof, a tax equivalent to 3 per
centum of the price for which so sold: and
(f) Upon p.ll tennis rackets, golf clubs, base-
bolUbats. lacrosse sticks, balls of all kinds, in-
cluding baseballs, footballs, tennis, golf, la-
crosse, billiard and pool balls, fishing rods and
reels, billiard and pool tables, chess and check-
er boards and pieces, dice, games and parts
of games, except playing1 cards and children's
toys and games, sold by the manufacturer, pro-
ducer or importer, a tax enuivalent to 2 per
centum of the price for which so sold: and
(g) Upon all perfumes, essences, extracts,
toilet water, cosmetics, petroleum jellies,
hair oils, pomades, hair dressings, hair restor-
atives, hair dyes, tooth and mouth wnshes,
dentifrices, tooth pastes, aromatics, cachous, toi-
let soaps and powders or any similar substance.
article or preparation by whatsoever name
known or distinguished, upon all 01 the above
which are used or applied or intended to be
used or applied for toilet purposes, and which
are sold by the manufacturer, importer or pro-
ducer, a tax equivalent to 2 per centum of the
price for which so sold; and
(h) Upon all pills, tablets, powders, tinc-
tiires, troches or lozenges, sirups, medicinal
cordials or bitters, anodynes, tonics, plasters,
liniments, salves, ointments, pastes, drops,
waters (except those taxed under section 31*
of this act), essences, spirits, oils and all
mediemnl preparations, compounds or compo-
sitions whatsoever, the manufacturer or pro-
ducer of which claims to have any private
formula, secret or occult art for making or
preparing the same, or has or claims to have
any exclusive right or title to the making of
preparing the same, or which are prepared, ut-
tered, vended or exposed for sale under any
letters patent or trade-mark of which, if pre-
pared by any formula, published or unpub-
lished, are held out or recommended to the
public by the makers, venders or proprietors'
thereof as proprietary medicines or medicinal
proprietary articles or preparations. or as.
remedies or specifics for any disease, diseases
or affection whatever affecting- the human or
animal body, and which are sold by the manu-
facturer, producer or importer, a tax equiva-
lent to 2 per centum of the price for whien
so sold: and
(i) Upon all chewing gum or substitute
therefor sold by the manufacturer, producer
or importer, a tax equivalent to 2 per centum
of the price for which so sold; and
(j) Upon all cameras sold by the manufac-
turer, producer or importer, a tax equivalent
to 3 per centum of the price for which so sold.
Sec. 601. That each manufacturer, producer
or importer of any of the articles enumerated
in section 600 shall make monthly returns un-
der oath in duplicate and pay the taxes im-
posed on such articles by this title to the col-
lector of internal revenue for the district in
which is located the principal place of business.
Such returns shall contain such information
and be made at such times and in such man-
ner as the commissioner of internal revenue,
with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, may by regulations prescribe.
Sec. 602. That upon all articles enumerated
in subdivisions (a), (b). (e). (f), (g).
(h). (i) or (j) of section 600. which on the
day this act is passed are held and intended
for sale by any person, corporation, partner-
ship or association, other than (1) a retailer
vho is not also a wholesaler, or (2) the man-
ufacturer, producer or importer thereof, there
shall be levied, assessed, collected and paid a
tax equivalent to one-half the tax imposed by
each such subdivision upon the sale of the
articles therein enumerated. This tax shall be
paid by the person, corporation, partnership
or association so holding sijch articles.
The taxes imposed by this section shall be
assessed, collected and paid in the same man-
ner as provided in section 1002 in the case of
additional taxes upon articles upon which the
tax imposed by existing law has been paid.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to
impose a tax upo.i articles sold and delivered
prior to May 9, 1917. where the title is re-
served in the vendor as security for the pay-
ment of the purchase money.
Sec. 603. That on the day this act takes ef-
fect, and hereafter on July 1 in each year,
and also at the time of the original purchase
of a new boat by a user, if on any other date
than July 1. there shall be levied, assessed,
collected and paid upon the use of yachts,
pleasure boats, power boats and sailing- boats,
of over five net tons, and motor boats with
fixed engines, not used exclusively for trade
or national defense, or not built according to
plans and specifications approved by the navy
department, an excise tax to be based on each
yacht or boat, at rates as follows: Yachts,
pleasure boats, power boats, motor boats with
fixed engines, and sailing boats, of over five
net tons, length not over fifty feet, 50 centB
for each foot; length over fifty feet, and not
AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
735
«ver 100 feet. $1 for each foot; length over
100 feet. $2 for each foot; motor boats of
not over five net tona with fixed engines. $5.
In determining' the length of such yachts,
pleasure boats, power boats, motor boats with
fixed engines, and sailing boats, the measure-
ment of overall length shall govern.
In the case of a tax imposed at the time of
the original purchase of a new boat on any
other date than July 1. the amount to be paid
shall be the same number of twelfths of the
amount of the tax as the number of calendar
months, including the month of sale, remaining
prior to the following July 1.
Title VII.— War Tax on Admissions and Dues.
Sec. 700. That from and after the first day
of November, 1917, there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid (a) a tax of 1 cent
for each 10 cents or Iraction thereof of the
amount paid for admission to any place, in-
cluding admission by season ticket or subscrip-
tion, to be paid by the person paying for such
admission. Provided, That t£e tax on admis-
sion of children under 12 years, of age where
an admission charge for such children is. made
shall in every case be 1 cent: and (b). in the
case of persons (except bona fide employes,
municipal officers on official business and chil-
dren under 12 years of age) admitted free to
any place at a time when and under circum-
stances under which an admission charge is
made to other persons of the same class, a tax
of 1 cent for each 10 cents or fraction thereof
of the price so charged to such other persons
for the same or similar accommodations, to be
paid by the person so admitted: and (c) a tax
of 1 cent for each 10 cents or fraction thereof
paid for admission to any public performance
for profit at any cabaret or other similar en-
tertainment to which the charge for admission
is wholly or in part included in the price paid
for refreshment, service or merchandise; the
amount paid for such admission to be com-
puted under rulea prescribed by the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, with the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, such tax to be
paid by the person paying for such refresh-
ment, service or merchandise. In the case of
persons having the permanent use of boxes or
seats in an opera house or any place of amuse-
ment or a lease for the use of such box or
seat in such opera house or place of amuse-
ment, there shall be levied, assessed, collected
and paid a tax equivalent to 10 per centum of
the amount for which a similar box or seat
is sold for performance or exhibition at which
the box or seat is used or reserved by or for
the lessee or holder. These taxes shall not be
imposed in the case of a place the maximum
charge for admission to which is 5 cents, or
in the case of shows, rides and other amuse-
ments (the maximum charge for admission
to which is 10 cents) within outdoor general
amusement parka or in the case of admissions
to such parks.
No tax shall be levied under this title In re-
spect to any admissions all the proceeda ol
which imire exclusively to the benefit of re-
ligious, educational or charitable institutions,
societies or organizations, or admissions to ag-
ricultural fairsi none of the profits of which
are distributed to stockholders or members
of the association conducting the same.
The term "admission" as used in this title
includes seats and tables, reserved or other-
wise, and other similar accommodations, and
the chargea made therefor.
See. 701. That from and after the first day
of November, 1917, there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid a tax equivalent
to 10 per centum of any amount paid as
dues or membership fees (including initiation
fees) to any social, athletic or sporting club
or organization, where such dues or fees are
in excess of $12 per year: such taxes to be
paid by the person paying such dues or fees:
Provided, That there shall be exempted from
the provisions of this section all amounts paid
as dues or fees to a fraternal beneficiary
•ociety. order or association, operating under
the lodge system or for the exclusive benefit
of the members ol a fraternity itself operating
under the lodge system, and providing for
the payment of life, sick, accident or other
benefits to the members of such society, order
or association or their dependents.
Sec. 702. That every person, corporation.
partnership or association (a) receiving' any
payments for such admission, duea or fees
shall collect the amount of the tax imposed
by section 700 or 701 from the person mak-
ing1 such payments, or (b) admitting1 any per-
son free to any place for admission to which
a charge is made shall collect the amount
of the tax imposed by section 700 from the
person so admitted, and (c) in either case
shall make returns and paymentsi of the
amount so collected; at the same time and in
the same manner as provided in section 503
ol this act.
Title Vlll.—War Stamp Taxes.
Sec. 800. That on and after the first day
of December. 1917. there shall be levied.
collected and paid, for and in respect of the
several bonds, debentures or certificates of
stock and of indebtedness, and other docu-
ments, instruments, matters and things men-
tioned and described in schedule A of this
title, or for or in respect of the vellum, parch-
ment or paper upon which such instruments,
matters or things, or any of them, are writ-
ten or printed by any person, corporation.
partnership or association who makes, signs,
issues, sells, removes, consigns or ships the
same, or for whose use or benefit the same are
made, signed, issued, sold, removed, consigned
or shipped, the several taxes specified in such
schedule.
Sec. 801. That there shall not be taxed un>
der this title any bond, note or other instru-
ment, issued by the United States, or by any
foreign government, or by any state, territory
or the District of Columbia, or local sub-
division thereof, or municipal or other corno.
ration exercising the taxing power, when issued
in the exercise of strictly governmental, tax-
ing or municipal function: or stocks and bonds
issued by co-operative building and loan as-
sociations which are organized and operated
exclusively for the benefit of their members,
and make loans only to their shareholders, or
by mutual ditch or irrigating companies.
Sec. 802. That whoever—
(a) Makes, signs, issues or accepts, or causes
to be made, signed, issued or accepted, any
instrument, document or paper of any kind
or description whatsoever without the full
amount of tax thereon being duly paid;
(b) Consigns or ships, or causes to be con-
signed or shipped, by parcel post any parcel,
package or article without the full amount of
tax being duly paid;
(c) Manufactures or imports and sells, or
offers for sale, or causes to be manufactured
or imported and sold, or offered for sale, any
playing cards, package or other article with-
out the full amount of tax being: dub/ paid;
(d) Makes use of any adhesive stamp to
denote any tax imposed by this title without
canceling or obliterating such stamp as pre-
scribed in section 804;
Is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con-
viction thereof shall pay a fine of not more
than $100 for each offense.
Sec. 803. That whoever
. .
(a) Fraudulently cuts, tears or removes
from any vellum, parchment, paper, instru-
ment. writing, package or article, upon which
any. tax is imposed by this title, any ad-
hesive stamp or the impression of any stamp,
die, plate or other article provided, made or
used in pursuance of this rtitle:
(b) Fraudulently uses, joins, fixes or places
to. with or upon any vellum, parchment, pa-
per, instrument, writing, package or article.
upon which any tax is imposed by this title.
(1) any adhesive stamp or the impression of
any stamp, die, plate or other article, which
has been cut. torn or removed from any other
vellum, parchment, paiper, instrument, writing.
package or article, upon which any tax is im«
736
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
posed b.y this title; or (2) any adhesive stamp
or the impression of any stamp, die. plate or
other article of insufficient value; or (3) any
forged or counterfeit stamp or the impression
of any forgred or counterfeit stamp, die, plate
or other article:
(c) Willfully removes or alters the cancella-
tion or defacing; marks of or otherwise pre-
pares any adhesive stamp with intent to use
or cause the same to be used after it has al>
ready been used or knowingly or willfully
buys, sells, offers for sale or gives away any
such washed or restored stamp to any person
for use or knowingly uses the same:
(d) Knowingly and without lawful excuse
(the burden of proof of such excuse being1 on
the accused) has in possession any washed, re-
stored or altered stamp which has been re-
moved from any vellum, parchment, paper, in-
strument, writing", package or article, is gruilty
of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall
be ipunished by a fine of not more than $1,000
or by imprisonment for not more than five
years or both, in the discretion of the court,
and any such reused, canceled or counterfeit
stamp and the vellum, parchment, document,
paper, package or article upon which it is
placed or impressed shall -be forfeited to the
United States.
Sec. 804. That whenever an adhesive stamp
la used for denoting1 any tax imposed by this
title, except as hereinafter provided, the per-
son, corporation, partnership or association
using1 or affixing1 the same shall write or stamp
or cause to be written or stamped thereupon
the initials of his or its name and the date
upon which the same is attached or used, so
that the same may not again be used: Pro-
vided, That the commissioner of internal rev-
enue may prescribe such other method for the
cancellation of such stamps as he may deem
expedient.
Sec. 805. (a) That the commissioner of in-
ternal revenue shall cause to be prepared and
distributed for the payment of the taxes pre-
scribed in this title suitable stamps denoting1
the tax on the document, article or thing: to
which the same may be affixed, and shall pre-
scribe such method for the affixing1 of said
stamps in substitution for or in addition to
the method provided in this title, as he may
deem expedient.
(b) The commissioner of internal revenue*
with the approval of the secretary of the
treasury, is authorized to procure any of the
stamps provided for in this title by contract
whenever such stamps cannot be speedily pre-
pared by the bureau of engraving1 and print-
ing1: but this authority shall expire on the 1st
day of January, 1918, except as to imprinted
stamps furnished under contract, authorized
by the commissioner of internal revenue.
(c) All internal revenue laws relating1 to the
assessment and collection of taxes are hereby
extended to and made a part of this title, so
far as applicable, for the purpose of collecting
stamp taxes omitted through mistake or Iraua
from any instrument, document, paper, writ-
ing1, parcel, packag-e or article named herein.
Sec. 806. That the commissioner of internal
revenue shall furnish to the postmaster-gen-
eral without prepayment a suitable Quantity
of adhesive stamps to be distributed to and
kept on sale by the various postmasters in
the United States. The postmaster-general may
require each such postmaster to (rive addi-
tional or increased bond as postmaster for the
value of the stamps so furnished, and each
such postmaster shall deposit the receipts from
the sale of such stamps to the credit of and
render accounts to the postmaster-general at
such times and in such form as he may by
regulations prescribe. The postmaster-general
shall at least once monthly transfer all col-
lections from this source to the treasury as
internal revenue collections.
Sec. 807. That the collectors of the several
districts shall furnish without prepayment to
any assistant treasurer or designated de-
positary of the United States located in their
respective collection districts a suitable quan-
tity of adhesive stamps for sale. In such.
Cases the collector may reauire a bond, with
sufficient sureties, to an amount equal to the
value of the adhesive stamps so furnished,
conditioned for the faithful return, whenever
so required, of all Quantities or amounts un-
disposed of, and for the payment monthly of
all Quantities or amounts sold or not remain-
ing1 on hand. The secretary of the treasury
may from time to time make such regula-
tions as he may find necessary to insure the
safekeeping or prevent the illegal use of
all such adhesive stamps.
Schedule A— Stamp Taxes.
1. Bonds of indebtedness: Bonds, debentures
or certificates of indebtedness issued on and
after the first day of December. 1917. by any
person, corporation, partnership or association,
on each $100 of face value or fraction there-
of, 6 cents: Provided. That every renewal of
the foregoing1 shall be taxed as a new Issue:
Provided further. That when a bond condi-
tioned for the repayment or payment of money
is given in a penal sum greater than the debt
secured, the tax shall be based upon the
amount secured.
2. Bonds, indenfnity and surety: Bonds for
indemnifying- any person, corporation, partner-
ship or corporation who shall have become
bound of engaged as surety, and all bonds for
the due execution or performance of any cpn-
tract, oblig-ation or requirement, or the duties
of any office or position, and to account for
money received by virtue thereof, and all other
bonds of any description, except such as may
be required in legul proceedings, not otherwise
provided1 for in this schedule, 50 cents: Pro-
vided. That where a premium is charged for
the execution of such bond the tax shall be
paid at the rate Of 1 per centum on each dol-
lar or fractional part thereof of the premium
charged: Provided further. That policies of
reinsurance shall be exempt from the tax im-
posed by this subdivision.
3. Capital stock, issue: On such original is-
sue, whether on organization or reorganization,
of certificates of stock by any association,
company or corporation, on each $100 of face
value or fraction thereof, 6 cents: Provided.
That where capital stock is issued without
face value, the tax shall be 5 cents per share,
unless the actual value is in excess of S100
per share, in which case the tax shall be 5
cents on each 8100 of actual value or frac-
tion thereof.
The stamps representing1 the tax imposed by
this subdivision shall be attached to the stock
books and not to the certificates issued.
4. Capital stock, sales or transfers: On all
sales, or agreements to sell, or memoranda of
sales or deliveries of. or transfers of legal title
to shares or certificates of stocks in any as-
sociation, company or corporation, whether
made upon or shown by the books of the as-
sociation, company or corporation, or by any
assignment in blank, or by any delivery, or by
any paper or agreement or memorandum or
other evidence of transfer or sale, whether
entitling1 the holder in any manner to the bene-
fit of such stock or not. on each $100 of face
value or fraction thereof, 2 cents, and where
such shares of stock are without par value tha
tax shall be 2 cents on the transfer or sale
or agreement to sell on each share, unless the
actual value thereof is in excess of 8100 per
share, in which case the tax shall be 2 cents
on each $100 of actual value or fraction
thereof: Provided, That it is not intended by
this title to impose a tax upon an agreement
evidencing1 a deposit of stock certificates a3
collateral security for money loaned thereon,
which stock certificates are not actually sold,
nor upon such stock certificates so deposited:
Provided further. That the tax shall not be
imposed upon deliveries or transfers to a
broker for sale, nor upon deliveries or transfers
by a broker to a customer for whom and upon
whose order he has purchased same, but such
deliveries or transfers shall be accompanied by
a certificate sotting1 forth the facts: Provided
further. That in case of sale where the evi-
dence of transfer is shown only by the DOOKJ
of the company the stamp shall be placed
upon such books: and where the change ol
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
737
ownership is by transfer of the certificate the
stamp ehall be placed upon the certificate;
and in case of an agreement to sell or where
the transfer is by delivery of the certificate
assigned in blank there shall be made and de-
livered by the seller to the buyer a bill or
memorandum of such sale, to which the stamp
shall be affixed; and every bill or memorandum
of sale or agreement to sell before mentioned
shall show the date thereof, the name of the
seller, the amount of the sale and the matter
or thing to which it refers. Any person or
persons liable to pay the tax as herein pro-
vided, or -my one who acts in the matter as
agent or broker for such person or persons
who shall nake any such sale, or who shall in
pursuance of any such sale deliver any stock
or e/ldenee of the sale of any stock or bill or
memorandum thereof, as herein required, with-
out having1 the proper stamps affixed thereto,
with intent to evade the foregoing provisions.
shall be deemi<i guilty of a misdemeanor, and
upon conviction thereof shall pay a fine of not
exceeding $1,000, or be imprisoned not more
than six months, or both, at the discretion of
the court.
5. Produce, sales of, on exchange: Upon
each sale% asTcement of sale, or agreement
to sell, including so-called transferred or
scratch sales, any products or merchandise
at any exchange or board of trade, or other
similar place, for future delivery, for each
S100 in value of the merchandise covered by
said sale or agreement of sale or agreement
to sell. 2 cents, and for each additional $100
or fractional pa.rt thereof in excess of $100,
2 cents: Provided, That on every sale or
agreement of sale or agreement to sell as
aforesaid there shall be made and deliv-
ered by the seller to the buyer a bill, memo-
randum, agreement or other evidence of such
sale, agreement of sale or agreement to sell,
to which there shall be affixed a lawful
stamp or stamps in value equal to the
amount of the tax on such sale: Provided
further. That sellers of commodities described
herein, having paid the tax provided by this
subdivision, may transfer such contracts to
a clearing- house corporation or association,
and such transfer shall not be deemed to
be a sale, OP agreement of sale, or an agree-
ment to sell, within the provisions of this
act, provided that such transfer shall not
vest any beneficial interest in such clearing
house association, but shall be made for the
sole purpose of enabling such clearing house
association to adjust and balance the accounts
of the members of said clearing house asso
ciation on their several contracts. And every
such bill, memorandum or other evidence of
sale or agreement to sell shall show the date
thereof, the name of the seller, the amount
of the sale, and the matter or thing to which
it refers: and any person or persons liable
to pay the tax as herein provided, or any one
who acts in the matter as agent or broker
for such person or persons, who shall make
any such sale or agreement of sale, or agree-
ment to sell, or who shall, in pursuance of
any such sale, agreement of sale, or agree-
ment to sell, deliver any such products or
merchandise without a bill, memorandum, or
other evidence thereof as herein reauired. or
who shall deliver such bill, memorandum, or
other evidence of sale, or agreement to sell,
without having the proper stamps affixed
thereto, with intent to evade the foregoing-
provisions, shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall
pay a fine of not exceeding SI. 000. or be im-
prisoned not more than six months, or both,
at the discretion of the court.
That no bill, memorandum, agreement or
other evidence of such sale, or agreement of
sale, or agreement to sell, in case of cash
sales of products or merchandise for immedi-
ate or prompt delivery which in good faith
are actually intended to be delivered shall be
subject to this tax.
6. Drafts or checks payable otherwise than
at sight 01 on demand, promissory notes, ex-
cept bank note? issued for circulation, and
for each renewal o~ the same, for a sum not
exceeding $100- 2 cents: and lor each addi-
tional $100 or fractional part thereof. 2
cents.
7. Conveyance: Deed, instrument, or writ-
ing, whereby any lands, tenements, or other
realty sold shall be granted, assigned, trans-
ferred, or otherwise conveyed to. or vested in.
the purchaser or purchasers, or any other
person or persons, by his. her. or their direc-
tion, when the consideration or value of the
interest or property conveyed, exclusive of the
value of any lien or incumbrance remaining
thereon at the time of sale, exceeds $100 and
does not exceed $500. 60 cents, and for each
additional $500 ' or fractional part thereof 60
cents: Provided. That nothing contained in
this paragraph shall be so construed as to
impose a tax upon any instrument or writ-
ing given to secure a debt.
.8. Entry of any goods, wares, or merchan-
dise at any custom house, either for consump-
tion or warehousing, not exceeding $100 in
value, 25 cents; exceeding $100 and not ex-
ceeding $500 in value. 50 cents; exceeding
$500 in value. $1.
9. Entry for the withdrawal of any goods
or merchandise from customs bonded ware-
house, 50 cents.
10. Passage ticket, one way or round trip.
for each passenger, sold or issued in the
United States for passage by any vessel to a
port or place not in the United States, Canada."
or Mexico, if costing- not exceeding $30, $1;
costing more than $30 and not exceeding $60,
$3; costing more than $60, $5; Provided,
That such passage tickets costing $10 or less
shall be exempt from taxation.
11. Proxy for voting at any election for
officers, or meeting- for the transaction of busi-
ness, of any incorporated company or as-
sociation, except religious, educational, charit-
able, fraternal, or literary societies, or public
cemeteries, 10 cents.
12. Power of attorney granting authority to
do or perform some act for or in behalf of
the grantor, which authority is not otherwise
vested in the grantee, 25 cents: Provided.
That no stamps shall be required upon any
papers necessary to be used for the collection
of claims from the United States or from any
state for pensions, back pay. bounty, or for
property lost in the military or naval service
or upon powers of attorney required in bank-
ruptcy cases.
. 13. Playing cards : Upon every pack of play-
ing cards containing not more than fifty-four
cards, manufactured or imported, and sold, or
removed for consumption or sale, after the
passage of this act. a tax of 6 cents per'
pack in addition to the tax imposed under
existing law.
14. Parcel post packages : Upon every parcel
or package transported from one point in the
United States to another by parcel post on
which the postage amounts- to 25 cents or
more, a tax cf 1 cent for each 25 cents or
fractional part thereof charged for such trans-
portation, to be paid by the consignor.
No such parcel or package shall be trans-
ported until a stamp or stamps representing
the tax due shall have been affixed thereto.
Title IX.— War Estate Tax.
Sec. 900. That in addition to the tax im-
posed by section 201 of the act entitled "An
act to increase the revenue and for other
purposes." approved Sept. 8. 1916, as amend-
ed—
(a) A tax equal to the following percent-
ages of its value is hereby imposed upon the
transfer of each net estate of every decedent
dying after the passage of this act, the trans-
fer of which is taxable under such section
(the value of such net estate to be de-
termined as provided in title II. of such act
of Sept. 8. 1916) :
One-half of one per centum of the amount
of such net estate not in excess of $50.000:
One per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $50.000 and does not
exceed $150,000:
One and one-half per centum of the amount
by which such net estate exceeds $150,000
and does not exceed $250.000;
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Two Per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $250,000 and does
not exceed $450,000;
Two and one-half per centum ol the amount
by which such net estate exceeds $450,000
and does not exceed $1,000.000;
Three per centum ol the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $1,000,000 and does
not exceed $2.000.000; .
Three and one-half per centum of the
amount by which such net estate exceeds
$2,000,000 and does not exceed $3.000,000:
Four per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $3,000,000 and does
not exceed $4,000,000.
Four and one-half per centum of the amount
by which such net estate exceeds $4.000,000
and does not exceed $5,000,000: •
Five per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $5,000,000 and does
not exceed $8,000,000; •
Seven per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $8.000,000 and does
not exceed $10,000.000: and
Ten per centum of the amount by which
such net estate exceeds $10,000,000.
Sec. 901. That the tax imposed by this title
shall not apply to the transfer of the net
estate of any decedent dying while serving in
the military or naval forces of the United
States, during the continuance ol the war in
•which the United States is now engaged, or il
death results from injuries received or disease
contracted in such service, within one year
alter the termination oi such war. For the
purposes ol this section the termination pi the
war shall be evidenced by the proclamation ol
the president.
Title X.— Administrative Provisions.
Sec. 1000. That there shall be levied, col-
lected and paid in the United States upon
articles coming into the United States Irom
the West Indian islands acquired Irom Den-
mark, a tax equal to the internal revenue tax
imposed in the United States upon like articles
of domestic manufacture; such articles shipped
Irom said islands to the United States shall
be exempt Irom the payment of any tax im-
posed by the internal revenue laws ol ~said
islands: Provided, That there shall be levied,
collected and paid in said islands, upon arti-
cles imported from the United States, a tax
equal to the internal revenue tax imposed in
said islands upon like articles there manufac-
tured: and such articles going into said islands
Irom the United States shall be exempt from
payment ol any tax imposed by the internal
revenue laws ol the United States.
Sec. 1001. That all administrative, special
or stamp provisions ol law, including the
law relating to the assessment ol taxes, so far
as applicable, are hereby extended to and
made a part ol this act. and every person, cor-
poration, partnership or association liable to
any tax imposed by this act, or lor the col-
lection thereof, shall keep such records and
render, under oath, such statements and re-
turns, and shall comply with such regulations
as the commissioner of internal revenue, with
the approval of the secretary pi the treasury,
may Irom time to time prescribe.
Sec. 1002. That where additional taxes are
imposed by this act upon articles or com-
modities, upon which the tax imposed by
existing law has been paid, the person, cor-
poration, partnership or association required
by this act to pay the tax shall, within thirty
days after its passage, make return under oath
in such form and under such regulations as
the commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury,
shall prescribe. Payment of the tax shown
to be due may be extended to a date not ex-
ceeding seven months Irom the passage ol this
act. upon the filing ol a bond for payment in
such lorm and amount and with such sureties
as the commissioner ol internal revenue, with
the approval ol the secretary ol the treasury,
may prescribe.
Sec. 1003. That in all cases where the
method ol collecting the tax imposed by this
act is not specifically provided, the tax shall
be collected in such manner as the commis-
sioner ol internal revenue, with' the approval
ol the secretary of the treasury, may pre-
scribe. All administrative and penalty pro-
visions ol title VIII. ol this act. in so far
as applicable, shall apply to the collection ol
any tax which the commissioner ol internal
revenue determines or prescribes shall be paid
by stamp.
Sec. 1004. That whoever fails to make any
return required by this act or the regulations
made under authority thereof within the time
prescribed or who makes any false or fraudu-
lent return, and whoever evades or attempts
to evade any tax imposed by this act or fails
to collect or truly to account lor and pay
over any such tax shall be subject to a pen-
alty ol not more than $1,000, or to impris-
onment Ipr not more than one year, or both,
at the discretion ol the court, and in addi-
tion thereto a penalty of double the tax
evaded, or not collected, or accounted for and
Paid over, to be assessed and collected in
the same manner as taxes arR assessed and
collected, in any case in which, the punish-
ment is not otherwise specifically provided.
Sec. 1005. That the commissioner ol inter-
nal revenue, with the approval ol the secre-
tary ol the treasury, is hereby authorized to
make all needful rules and regulations fo*
the enforcement of the provisions ol this act.
Sec. 1006. That where the rate ol tax im-
posed by this act. payable by stamps, is an
increase over previously existing rates,
stamps on hand in the collectors' offices' and
in the bureau oi Internal revenue may con-
tinue to be used until the supply on hand is
exhausted, but shall be sold and accounted
lor at the rates provided by this act, and as-
sessment shall be made against manulac-
turers and other taxpayers having such
stamps' on hand on the day this act takes
effect lor the difference between the amount
paid for such stamps and the tax due at
the rates provided by this act.
Sec. 1007. That (a) il any person, corpora-
tion, partnership or association has prior to
May 9, 1917. made a boua fide contract with
a dealer lor the sale, alter the tax takes ef-
fect, pi any article (or. in the case ot mov-
ing picture films, such a contract with a
dealer, exchange or exhibitor, lor the sale
or lease therepl) upon which a tax is im-
posed under title III., IV. or VI., or under
subdivision 13 ol schedule A ol title VIII.,
or under this section, and (b) il such con-
tract does not permit the adding- ol the whole
of such tax to the amount to be paid un-
der such contract, then the vendee or lessee
shall, in lieu ol the vendor or lessor, t>av so
much ol such tax as is not so permitted to
be added to the contract price.
The taxes payable by the vendee or lessee
under this section shall be paid to the vendor
or lessor at the time the sale or lease is
consummated, and collected, returned and
paid to the United States by such vendor or
lessor in the same manner as provided in sec-
tion 503.
The term dealer as used )n this section
includes a vendee who purchases any article
with intent to use it in the manulacture or
production oi another article intended for
sale.
Sec. 1008. That in the payment of any tax
under this act not payable by stamp a frac-
tional part ol a cent shall be disregarded un-
less it amounts to one^half pent or more, in
which case it shall be increased to 1 cent.
Sec. 1009. That the secretary of the treas-
ury, under rules and regulations prescribed
by him. shall permit taxpayers liable to in-
come and excess profits taxes to make pay-
ments in advance in installments or in whole
of an amount not in excess ol the estimated
tixes which will be due from them, and upon
determination ol the taxes actually due. any
amount paid in excess shall be refunded as
taxes erroneously collected: Provided, That
•when payment is made in installments at
least one-fourth ol such estimated tax shall
be paid before the expir^'lon of thirty days
alter the close of the taxable year, at least
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
739
an additional one-fourth within two months
after the close of the taxable year, at least
an additional one-fourth within four months
after the close of the taxable year, and the
remainder of the tax due on or before the
time now fixed by_ law for such payment:
Provided further. That the secretary of the
treasury, under rules and regulations pre-
scribed by him. may allow credit against such
taxea so paid in advance of an amount not
exceeding- 3 per centum per annum calculated
upon the amount so paid from the date of
such payment to the date now fixed by law
lor such payment: but no such credit shall
be allowed on payments in excess of taxes
determined to be due. nor on payments made
after ,-the expiration of four and one-half
months after the close of the taxable year.
.All penalties provided by existing1 law for
failure to pay tax when duo are hereby made
applicable to any failure to pay the tax at
the time or tames required in this section.
Sec. 1010. That under rules and regulations
prescribed by the secretary of the treasury,
collectors of internal revenue may receive, at
par and accrued interest, certificates of in-
debtedness issued under section 6 of the act
entitled "An act to authorize an issue of
bonds to meet expenditures for the national
security and defense, and for the purpose of
assisting- in the prosecution of the war. to
extend credit to foreign governments, and for
other purposes," approved April 24. 1917. and
any subsequent act or acts, and uncertified
checks in payment of income and excess
profits taxes, during- such time and under such
regulations as the commissioner of internal
revenue, with the approval of the secretary
of the treasury, shall prescribe: but if a
check so received is not paid by the bank on
which it is drawn the person by whom such
check has been tendered shall remain liable
for the payment of the tax and for all legal
penalties and additions the same as if such
check had not been tendered.
Title XI.— Postal Ratet.
Sec. 1100. That the rate of postage on all
mail matter of the first class, except postal
cards, shall thirty days after the passage of
this act be. in addition to the existing- rate.
1 cent for each ounce or fraction thereof:
Provided. That the rate of postage on drop
ietters of the first class shall be 2 cents an
ounce or fraction thereof. Postal cards and
private mailing; or post cards, when complying1
with the reauirements of existing- law. shall
be transmitted through the mails at 1 cent
each in addition to the existing' rate.
That letters written and mailed by soldiers,
sailors, and marines assigned to duty in a
foreign country engaged in the present war
may be mailed free of postage, subject to such
rules and regulations as may be prescribed
by the postmaster-general.
Sec. 1101. That on and after July 1. 1918,
the rates of postage on publications entered
as second class matter (including1 sample
copies to the extent of 10 per centum of the
weight of copies mailed to subscribers during
the calendar year) when sent by the publisher
thereof from the postofflce of publication or
other postoffice. or when sent by a news agent
to actual subscribers thereto, or to other new*
agents for the purpose of sale;
(a) In the case of the portion of such pub-
lication devoted to matter other than adver-
tisements, shall be as follows: (1) On and
after July 1. 1918, and until July 1, 1919. 1%,
cents per pound or fraction thereof: (2) on
and after July 1, 1919, 1% cents per pound
or fraction thereof.
(b) In the case of the portion of such pub-
lication devoted to advertisements the rates
per pound or fraction thereof for delivery
within the several zones applicable to fourth-
class matter shall be as follows (but where
the space devoted to advertisements does not
exceed five per centum of the total space, the
rate of postage shall be the same as if the
whole of such publication was devoted to mat-
ter other than advertisements): (1) On and
after July 1. 1918. and until July 1. 1919.
for the first and second zones. 1% cents: for
the third zone, 1% cents: for the fourth zone.
2 cents; for the fifth zone, 2% cents: for the
sixth zone, 2% cents; for the seventh zone. 3
cents: for the eighth zone. 3% cents: (2) on
and after July 1, 1919, and until July 1. 1920.
for the first and second zones, 1V4 cents: for
the third zone. 2 cents: for the fourth zone.
3 cents; for the fifth zone, 3V6 cents; for the
sixth zone, 4 cents; for the seventh zone, 5
cents: for the eighth zone. 5& cents: (3) on
and after July 1. 1920, and until July 1,
1921, for the first and second zones, 1%
cents: for the third zone, 2% cents: for the
fourth zone, 4 cents: for the fifth zone, 4%
cents: for the sixth zone, 5% cents; for the
seventh zone, 7 cents: for the eighth zone, 7%
cents: (4) on and after July 1, 1921. for the
first and second zones, 2 cents; for the third
zone. 3 cents; for the fourth zone, 5 cents:
for the fifth zone. 6 cents; for the sixth zone,
7 cents; for the seventh zone, 9 cents: for
the eighth zone, 10 cents:
(c) With the first mailing of each issue of
each such publication the publisher shall file
with the postmaster a copy of such issue,
togethe.r with a statement containing such In-
formation as the postmaster-general may pre-
scribe for determining the postage chargeable
thereon.
Sec. 1102. That the rate of postage on daily
newspapers, when the same are deposited in a
letter carrier office for delivery by its carriers,
shall be the same as now provided by law;
and nothing in this title shall affect existing
law as to free circulation and existing rates
on second class mail matter within the county
of publication: Provided, That the postmaster-
general may hereafter require publishers to
separate or make up to zones in such a man-
ner as he may direct all mail matter of the
second class when offered for mailing.
Sec. 1103. That in the case of newspapers
and periodicals entitled to be entered as second
class matter and maintained by and in the
interest of religious, educational, scientific,
philanthropic, agricultural, labor or fraternal
organizations or associations, not organized
for profit and none of the net income of which
inures to the benefit of any private stock-
holder or individual, the second class postage
rates shall be, irrespective of the zone in
which delivered (except when the same are
deposited in a letter carrier office for delivery
by its carriers, in which case the rates shall
be the same as now provided by law), 1%
cents a pound or fraction thereof on and
after July 1. 1918. and until July 1. 1919.
and on and after July 1. 1919, 1% cents a
pound or fraction thereof. The publishers of
such newspapers or periodicals before being
entitled to the foregoing rates shall furnish to
the postmaster-general, at such times and un-
der such conditions as he may prescribe, sat-
isfactory evidence that none of the net income
of such organization inures to the benefit of
any private stockholder or individual
Sec. 1104 That where the total weight of
any one edition or issue of any publication
mailed to any one zone does not exceed one
pound, the rate of postage shall be 1 cent.
ti«ilCeT,1n°°-iT*heiZ01}? ratei? Provided by this
title shall relate to the entire bulk mailed to
any one zone and not to individually ad-
dressed packages.
Sec. 1106. That where a newspaper or peri-
odical is mailed by other than the publisner
or nis agent or a news agent or dealer, the
rate shall be the same as now provided by
Sec. 1107. That the postmaster-general, on
or before the 10th day of each month, shall
pay into the general fund of the treasury an
amount equal to the difference between the
estimated amount received during the preced-
ing month for the transportation of first class
matter through the mails and the estimated
amount which would have been received un-
df-r the provisions of the law in force at the
time of the passage of this act.
Sec. 1108. That the salaries of postmasters
at offices of the first, second, and third classes
shall not be increased after July 1, 1917,
during the existence of the present war. The
740
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
compensation of postmasters at offices of the
fourth class shall continue to be computed
en the basis of the present rates of postage.
Sec. 1109. That where postmasters at offices
of the third class have been since May 1.
1917, or herealter are granted leave without
pay for military purposes, the postmaster-
general may allow, in addition to the maxi-
mum amounts which may now be allowed
such offices lor clerk hire, in accordance with
law, an amount not to exceed 50 per centum
of the salary of the postmaster.
Sec. 1110. That section 5 of the act ap-
proved March 3. 1917, entitled- "An act mak-
ing appropriations for the postoffice depart-
ment for the year ending June 30. 1918,"
shall not be construed to apply to ethyl alco-
hol for governmental, scientific, medicinal,
mechanical, manufacturing, and industrial
purposes, and the postmaster-general shall
prescribe suitable rules and regulations to
carry into effect this section in connection
with the act of which it is amendatory, nor
shall said section be held to prohibit the use
of the mails by regularly ordained ministers
cf religion, or by officers of regularly estab-
lished churches, for ordering wines for sac-
ramental uses, or by manufacturers and deal-
ers for Quoting and billing such wines for
such purposes only.
Title XII.— Income Tax Amendments.
Sec. 1200. That subdivision (a) of section 2
of such act of Sept. 8. 1916. is hereby
amended to read as follows:
"(a) That, subject only to such exemptions
and deductions as are hereinafter allowed, the
net income of a taxable person shall include
gains, profits and income derived from sala-
ries, wages or compensation for personal
service of whatever kind and in whatever
form paid, or from professions, vocations,
businesses, trade, commerce or sales, or deal-
ings in property, whether real or personal,
growing- out of the_ ownership or use of or
interest in real or personal property, also from
interest, rent, dividends, securities or the trans-
action of any business carried on for gain
or profit, or gains or profits and income de-
rived from any source whatever."
Section 4 of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. is
hereby amended to read as follows:
Sec. 4. The following income shall be ex-
empt from the provisions of this title:
"The proceeds of life insurance policies paid
to individual beneficiaries upon the death of
the insured: the amount received by the in-
sured as a return of premium or premiums
paid by him under life insurance, endowment
or annuity contracts, either during1 the term or
at the maturity of the term mentioned in
the contract or upon surrender of the con-
tract: the value of property acauired by grift,
bequest, devise or descent (but the income
from such property shall be included as in-
come) ; interest upon the obligations of a
state or any political subdivision thereof or
upon the obligations of the United States
(but. in the case of obligations of the United
States issued after Sept. 1. 1917. only if and
to the extent provided in the act authorizing
the issue thereof) or its possessions or se-
curities issued under the provisions of the
federal farm loan act of July 17. 1916- the
compensation of the present president of the
United States during the term for which he
has been elected and the judges of the Su-
preme and inferior courts of the United States
now in office, and the compensation of all
officers and employes of a state, or any po-
litical subdivision thereof, except when such
compensation is paid by the United States
government."
Sec. 1201. (1) That paragraphs second and
third of subdivision (a) of section 5 of such
act of Sept. 8, 1916, are hereby amended to
read as follows:
"Second. All interest paid within the year
on his indebtedness except on indebtedness in-
curred for the purchase of obligations or se-
curities the interest upon which is exempt
from taxation as income under this title;
"Third. Taxes paid within the year im-
posed by the authority of the United States
(except income and excess profits taxes) or
of its territories, or possessions, or any for-
eign country, or by the authority of any
state, county, school district or municipality
or other taxing subdivision of any state, not
including those assessed against local bene-
fits;"
(2) That section 5 of such act of Sept. 8.
1916, is hereby amended by adding at the end
of subdivision (a) a further paragraph. nUm-
bered 9. to read as follows:
"Ninth. Contributions or gifts actually
made within the year to corporations or as-
sociations organized and operated exclusively
for religious, charitable, scientific or educa-
tional purposes, or to societies for the pre-
vention of cruelty to children or animals, no
part of the net income of which "inures to
the benefit of any private stockholder or in-
dividual, to an amount not in excess of lo
per centum of the taxpayer's taxable net in-
come as computed without the benefit of this
paragraph. Such contributions or gifts shall
be allowable as deductions only if verified
under rules and regulations prescribed by the
commissioner of internal revenue, with the
approval of the secretary of the treasury."
Sec. 1202. That (1) paragraphs second and
third of subdivision (a) of section 6 of such
act of Sept. 8, 1916, are hereby amended to
read as follows:
"Second. The proportion of all interest paid
within the year by such person on his in-
debtedness (except on indebtedness incurred
for the purchase of obligations or securities
the interest upon which is exempt from taxa-
tion as income under this title) which the
gross amount of his income for the year de-
rived from sources within the United States
bears to the gross amount of his income for
the year derived from all sources within and
without the United States, but this deduction
shall be allowed only if such person includes
in the return required by section 8 all the
information necessary for its calculation;
"Third. Taxes paid within the year im-
posed by the authority of the United States
(except income and excesss profits taxes), or
of its territories, or possessions, or by the
authority ot any state, county, school dis-
trict, or municipality, or other taxing sub-
division of any state, paid within the United
States, not including- those assessed against
local benefits;"
(2) Section 6 of such act of Sept. 8. 1916.
is also further amended by adding- a new
subdivision to read as follows:
"(c) A nonresident alien individual shall
receive the benefit of the deductions and
credits provided for in this section only by
filing or causing- to be filed with the collector
of internal revenue a true and accurate re-
turn of his total income, received from all
sources, corporate or otherwise, in the United
States, in the manner prescribed by this
title: and in case of his failure to file such
returrJ the collector shall collect the tax on
such income, and all property belonging- to
such nonresident alien individual shall be
liable to distraint for the tax."
Sec. 1203. (1) That section 7 of such act
of Sept. 8. 1916. is hereby amended to read
as follows:
"Sec. 7. That for the purpose of the nor-
mal tax only, there shall be allowed as an
exemption in the nature of a deduction from
the amount of the net income of each citi-
zen or resident of the United States, ascer-
tained as provided herein, the sum of $3.000.
plus $1.000 additional if the person making
the return bo a head of a family or a married
man with a wife living with him, or plus the
sum of $1.000 additional if the person mak-
ing the return be a married woman with a
husband living with her: but in no event
shall this additional exemption of $1,000 be
deducted by both a husband and a wife:
Provided, That only one deduction of
$4.000 shall be made from the aggregate
income of both husband and wife when living
together: Provided further. That if the person
making the return is the head of a family
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
741
there shall be an additional exemption of
$200 for each child dependent upon such per-
son, if under 18 years of age. or if incapable
of self-support because mentally or physically
defective, but this provision shall operate
only in the case of one parent in the same
family; Provided further. That guardians or
trustees shall be allowed to make this per-
sonal exemption as to income derived from
the property of which such guardian or
trustee has charge in favor of each ward or
cestui que trust; Provided further. That in
no event shall a ward or cestui aue trust be
allowed a greater personal exemption than as
provided in this section from the amount of
net income received from, all sources. There
shall also be allowed an exemption from the
amount of the net income of estates of de-
ceased citizens or residents of the United States
during1 the period of administration or settle-
ment, and of trust or other estates of citi-
zens or residents of the United States the in-
come of which is not distributed annually
or regularly under the provisions of subdivi-
sion (b) of section 2. the sum ol $3,000,
including- such deductions as are allowed un-
der section 5."
(2) Subdivision (b) of section 7 of such
act of Sent. 8. 1916, is hereby repealed.
Sec. 1204. (1) That subdivisions (c) and
(e) of section 8 of such act o£ Sept. 8. 1916.
are hereby amended to read as follows:
"(c) Guardians, trustees, executors, ad-
ministrators, receivers, conservators and all
persons, corporations or associations, acting
in any fiduciary capacity, shall make and
render a return of the income of the per-
son, trust or estate for whom or which they
act. and be subject to all the provisions of
this title which apply to individuals. Such
fiduciary shall make oath that he has suffi-
cient knowledge of the affairs of such per-
son, trust or estate to enable him to make
such return and that the same is. to the
best of his knowledge and belief, true and
correct, and be subject to all the provisions
of this title which apply to individuals: Pro-
vided, That a return made by one of two
or more joint fiduciaries filed in the district
where such fiduciary resides, under such
regulations as the secretary of the treasury
may prescribe, shall be a sufficient compli-
ance with the requirements of this para-
graph: Provided further, That no return of
income not exceeding $3,000 shall be required
except as in this title otherwise provided.
"(e) Persons carrying1 on business in part-
nership shall be liable for income tax only in
their individual capacity, and the share of the
profits of the partnership to which any tax-
able partner would be entitled if the same
were divided, whether divided or otherwise,
shall be returned for taxation and the tax
paid under the provisions of this title: Pro-
vided, That from the net distributive interests
on which the individual members shall be
liable for tax. normal and additional, there
shall be excluded their proportionate shares
received from interests on the obligations of
a state or any political or taxing subdivision
thereof, and upon the obligations of the
United States (if and to the extent that it
is provided in the act authorizing the issue of
such obligations of the United States that
they are exempt from taxation), and its pos-
aessjons. and that for the purpose of com-
puting the normal tax there shall be allowed
a credit, as provided by section 5, subdivision
(b). for their proportionate share of the
profits derived from dividends. Such partner-
ship, when requested by the commissioner of
internal revenue or any district collector, shall
render a correct return of the earnings, profits
and income of the partnership except in-
come exempt under section 4 of this
act, setting forth the items of the gross in-
come and the deductions and credits allowed
by this title, and the nnmes and addresses of
the individuals who would be entitled to the
net earnings, profits and income, if distrib-
uted. A partnership shall have the same
pnvileg'ft of fixing- and making returns upon
the basis of its own fiscal year as is accorded
to corporations under this title. If a fiscal
year ends during 1916 or a subsequent calen-
dar year, for which there is a rate of tax
different from the rate for the preceding calen-
dar year, then (1) the rate for such preced-
ing calendar year shall apply to an amount
ot each partner's share of such partnership
profits equal to the proportion which the part
of such fiscal year falling- within such calen-
dar year bears to the full fiscal year, and
(2) the rate for the calendar year during-
v/hich such fiscal year ends shall apply to the
remainder."
(2) Subdivision (d) of section 8 of such
act of Sept. 8, 1916, is hereby repealed.
Sec. 1205. (1) That subdivisions (b), (c).
(f). and (g) of section 9 of such act of
Sept. 8. 1916. are hereby amended to read
as follows:
"(b) All persons, corporations, partnerships,
associations, and insurance companies, in
whatever capacity acting, including lessees or
mortgagors of real or personal property, trus-
tees acting in any trust capacity, executors,
administrators, receivers, conservators, em-
ployers and all officers and employes of the
United States, having the control, receipt,
custody, disposal or payment of interest, rent,
salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compen-
sation, remuneration, emoluments or other
fixed or determinable annual or periodical
gains, profits, and income of any nonresident
alien individual, other than income derived
from dividends on capital stock, or from the
net earnings of a. corporation, joint stock
company or association, or insurance com-
pany, which is taxable upon its net income
as provided in this title, are hereby author-
ized and required to deduct and withhold from
such annual or periodical gains, profits and
income such sum as will be sufficient to pay
the normal tax imposed thereon by this title,
and shall make return thereof on or before
March 1 of each year and. on or before the
time fixed by law for the payment ol the
tax. shall pay the amount withheld to the
officer of the United States government au-
thorized to receive the same: and they are
each hereby made personally liable for such tax.
and they are each hereby indemnified against
every person, corporation, partnership, asso-
ciation or insurance company, or demand
whatsoever for all payments which they shall
make in pursuance and by virtue of this title,
(c) The amount of the normal tax herein-
before imposed shall also be deducted and
withheld from fixed or determinable annual
or periodical gains, profits and income de-
rived from interest upon bonds and mortgages,
or deeds of trust or other similar obliga-
tions of corporations, joint stock companies,
associations, and insurance companes (if such
bonds, mortgages, or other obligations contain
a contract or provision by which the obligor
agrees to pay any portion of the tax im-
posed by this title uoon the obligee or to re-
imburse the obligee for any portion of the
tax or to pay the interest without deduction
for any tax which the obligor may be re-
quired or permitted to pay thereon or to re-
tain therefrom under any law of the United
States), whether payable annually or at
shorter or longer periods and whether such
interest is payable to a nonresident alien in-
dividual or to an individual citizen or resi-
dent of the United States, subject to the
provisions of the foregoing subdivision (b) of
this section requiring: the tax to be withheld
at the source and deducted from annual in-
come and returned and paid to the government,
unless the person entitled to receive such in-
terest shall file with the withholding agent, on
or before Feb. 1. a signed notice in writing-
claiming the benefit of an exemption under
section 7 of this title.
"(f) All persons, corporations, partnerships,
or associations, undertaking as a matter of
business or for profit the collection of for-
eign payments of interest or dividends by
means of coupons, checks, or bills of exchange
shall obtain a license from the commissioner
of internal revenue, and shall be subject to
such regulations enabling the government to
obtain the information required under this
title as the commissioner of internal revenue.
742
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
with the approval of the secretary o£ the treas-
ury, shall prescribe: and whoever knowingly
undertakes to collect such payments as afore-
said without having obtained a license there-
for, or without complying with such regula-
tions, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor
and for each offense be fined in a sum not ex-
ceeding1 $5,000. or imprisoned lor a term not
exceeding- one year, or both, in the discre-
tion of the court.
"(g) The tax herein imposed upon gains,
profits, and incomes not falling under the fore-
going- and not returned and paid by virtue of
the foregoing or as otherwise provided by
law shall be assessed by personal return under
rules and regulations to be prescribed by the
commissioner of internal revenue and approved
by the secretary of the treasury. The in-
tent and purpose of this title is that all gains,
profits, and income of a taxable class, as de-
fined by this title, shall be charged and as-
sessed with the • corresponding tax. normal and
additional, prescribed by this title, and «aid
tax shall be paid by the owner of such in-
come, or the proper representative having- the
receipt, custody, control, or disposal of the
same. For the purpose of this title owner-
ship or liability shall be determined as of the
year lor which a return is reauired to be
rendered.
"The provisions of this section, except sub-
division (c), relating to the deduction and pay-
ment of the tax at the source of income shall
only apply to the normal tax hereinbefore im-
posed upon nonresident alien individuals."
(2) Subdivisions (d) and (e) of section 9
of such act of Sept. 8. 1916. are hereby re-
pealed.
Sec. 1206. (1) That the first paragraph of
section 10 ol such act of Sept. 8, 1916.
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 10. (a) That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid anually upon the to-
tal net income received in the preceding cal-
endar year from all sources by every corpora-
tion, joint stock company or association, or
insurance company, organized in the United
States, no matter how created or organized,
but not in-eluding partnerships, a tax orf 2 per
centum upon such income: and a like tax
shall be levied, assessed, collected and paid an-
nually upon the total net income received in
the preceding- calendar year from all sources
within the United States by every corporation,
joint stock company or association, or insur-
ance company, organized, authorized, or exist-
ing under the laws ol any loreign country, in-
eluding interest on bonds, notes, or other in-
terest bearing obligations of residents, corpo-
rate cr- otherwise, and including- the income
derived lr.om dividends on capital stock or
Irom net earnings ol resident corporations,
joint stock companies or associations, or in-
surance companies, whose net income is tax-
able under this title."
(2) Section 10 of such act ol Sept. 8, 1916.
is hereby further amended by addingr a new
subdivision as follows:
"(b) In addition to the Income tax im-
posed by subdivision (a) ol this section there
shall be levied, assessed, collected, and paid
annually an additional tax ol 10 per centum
upon the amount remaining- undistributed six
months alter the end of each calendar or fiscal
year, of the total net income of every cor-
poration, joint stock company or association,
or insurance company, received during the
year, as determined for the purposes ol the
tax imposed by such subdivision (a), but not
including the amount ol any income taxes
paid by it within the year imposed by the au-
thority ol the United States.
"The tax imposed by this subdivision shall
not apply to that portion ol such undis-
tributed net income which is actually invested
nnd employed in the business or ia retained
lor employment in the reasonable require-
ments ol the business or is invested in obliga-
tions ol the United States issued alter Sept.
1. 1917: Provided. That if the secretary of
the treasury ascertains and finds that any por-
tion ol such amount so retained at any time
lor employment in the business is not so em-
ployed or is not reasonably required in the
business a tax of 15 per centum shall be lev-
ied, assessed, collected and paid thereon.
"The foregoing tax rates shall apply to the
undistributed net income received by every
taxable corporation, joint stock company or
association, or insurance company in the cal-
endar year 1917 and in each year thereafter,
except that if it has fixed its own, fiscal year
under the provisions of existing law, the lore-
going rates shall apply to the proportion of
the taxable undistributed net income returned
for the fiscal year ending prior to Dec. 31.
1917 which the period between Jan. 1. 1917,
and the end of such fiscal year bears to the
whole of such fiscal year."
Sec. 1207. (1) That paragraphs third and
fourth of subdivision (a) of section 12 of
such act ol Sept. 8. 1916. are hereby amend-
ded to read as follows:
"Third. The amount of interest paid with-
in the year on its Indebtedness (except on in-
debtedness incurred lor the purchase ol obliga-
tions or securities the interest upoh which
is exempt Irom taxation as income under this
title) to an amount ol such indebtedness not
in excess of the sum of (a) the entire amount
of the paid-up capital stock outstanding at
the close ol the year. or. il no capital stock,
the entire amount ol capital employed, in the
business, at the close ol the year and (b)
one-half ol its interest bearing indebtedness
then outstanding-: Provided. That for the pur-
pose of this title preferred capital stock shall
not be considered interest bearing indebted-
ness, and interest or dividends paid upon this
stock shall not be deductible from gross in-
come: Provided further. That in cases wherein
shares of capital stock are issued without
par or nominal value, the amount ol paid-up
capital stock, within the meaning ol this sec-
tion, as represented by such shares, will be
the amount ol cash, or its equivalent, paid or
transferred to the corporation as a considera-
tion for such shares: Provided further, That
in the case ol indebtedness wholly secured by
property collateral, tangible or intangible, the
subject ol sale or hypothecation m the ordinary
business ol such corporation, joint stock com-
pany or association as a dealer only in the
property constituting such collateral, or in
loaning- the funds thereby procured, the total
interest paid by such corporation, company .or
association within the year on any such in-
debtedness may be deducted as a part of its
expenses of doing- business, but interest on
such indebtedness shall only be deductible on
an amount ol such indebtedness not in excess
ol the actual value ol such property col-
lateral: Provided lurther. That in the case ol
bonds or other indebtedness, which have been
issued with a guaranty that the interest pay-
able thereon shall be Iree irom taxation, no
deduction lor the payment of the tax herein
imposed, or any other tax paid pursuant to
such guaranty, shall be allowed: and in the
case ol a bank, banking association, loan or
trust company, interest paid within the year
on deposits or on moneys received lor invest-
ment and secured by interest bearing certifi-
cates ol indebtedness issued by such bank,
banking association, loan or trust company
shall be deducted;
"Fourth. Taxes paid within the year im-
posed by the authority of the United States
(except income and excess profits taxes), or
of its territories, or possessions, or any for-
eign country, or by the authority of any state,
county, school district or municipality, or oth-
er taxing subdivision of any state, not includ-
ing those assessed against local benefits."
(2) Paragraphs third and lourth of subdi-
vision (b) of section 12 of such act of Sept.
8, 1916, are hereby amended to read as lol-
lows:
"Third. The amount of interest paid within
the year on its indebtedness (except on in-
debtedness incurred lor the purchase ol obli-
gations or securities the interest upon which
is exempt Irom taxation as income under this
title) to an amount of such indebtedness not
in excess of the proportion of the sum of (a)
the entire amount of the paid-up capital stocs
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
743
outstanding- at the close of the year: or, if no
capital stock, the entire amount of the capital
employed in the business at the close of the
year, and (b) one-half of its interest bearing-
indebtedness then outstanding-, which the gross
amount of its income for the year from busi-
ness transacted and capital invested within the
United States bears to the gross amount of its
income derived from all sources within and
without the United States: Provided, That in
the case of bonds or other indebtedness which
have been issued with a guaranty that the
interest payable thereon shall be free from
taxation, no deduction for the payment of the
tax herein imposed or any other tax paid
pursuant to such guaranty shall be allowed;
and in case of a bank, banking1 association,
loan or trust company, or branch thereof, in-
terest paid within the year on deposits by or
on moneys received for investment from either
citizens or residents of the United States and
secured by interest bearing1 certificates of in-
debtedness issued by such bank, banking1 asso-
ciation, loan or trust company, or branch
thereof ;
"Fourth. Taxes paid within the year im-
posed by the authority of the United States
(except income and excess profits taxes), or of
its territories, or possessions, or by the au-
thority of any state, county, school district or
municipality, or other taxing subdivisions of
any state, paid within the United States, not
including1 those assessed against local benefits."
Sec. 1208. That subdivision (e) of section
13 of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. is hereby
amended to read as follows:
"(e) All the provisions of this title relating
to the tax authorized and required to be de-
ducted and withheld and paid to the officer of
the United States government authorized to re-
ceive the same from the income of nonresident
alien individuals from sources within the Unit-
ed States shall be made applicable to the tax
imposed by subdivision (a) of section 10 upon
Incomes derived from interest uppn bonds and
mortgages or deeds of trust or similar obliga-
tions of domestic or other resident corpora-
tions, joint stock companies or associations
and insurance companies, by nonresident alien
firms, copartnerships, companies, corporations,
joint stock companies or associations and in-
surance companies not engaged in business or
trade within the United States and not having
any office or place of business therein."
Sec. 1209. That section 18 of such act of
Sept. 8, 1916. is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"Sec. 18. That any person, corporation,
partnership, association or insurance company,
liable to pay the tax. to make a return or to
supply information required under this title,
who refuses or neglects to pay such tax, to
make such return or to supply such informa-
tion at the time or times herein specified in
each year, shall be liable, except as otherwise
specially provided in this title, to a penalty
of not less than $20 nor more than $1,000.
Any individual or any officer of any corpora-
tion, partnership, association or insurance com- i
pany, required by law to make, render, sign or
verify any return or to supply any information
who makes any false or fraudulent return or
statement with intent to defeat or evade the
assessment required by this title to be made,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be
fined not exceeding 82,000 or be imprisoned
not exceeding1 one year, or both, in the dis-
cretion of the court, with the costs of prosecu-
tion: Provided. That where any tax hereto-
fore due and payable has been duly paid by
the taxpayer, it shall not be re-collected from
any withholding agent required to retain it
at its source, nor shall any penalty be im-
posed or collected in such cases from the tax-
payer, or such withholding agent, whose duty
it was to retain it. for failure to return or
pay the same, unless such failure was fraudu-
lent and for the purpose of evading pay-
ment."
Sec. 1210. That section 26 of such act of
Sept. 8. 1916 a<? amended by the act entitled
'"An act to provide increased revenue to de-
fray the expenses of the increased appropria-
tions for the army and navy and the exten-
sions of fortifications and for other purposes,"
approved March 3, 1917, is hereby amended to
lead as follows:
"Sec. 26. Every corporation, joint stock
company or association or insurance company
subject to the tax herein imposed, when re-
quired by the commissioner of internal reve-
nue, shall render a correct return, duly veri-
fied under oath, of its payments of dividends,
whether made in cash or its equivalent or
in stock, including; the names and addresses
of stockholders and the number of shares
owned by each, and the tax years and the
applicable amounts in which such dividends
were earned, in such form and manner as
may be prescribed by the commissioner of
internal revenue, with the approval of the
secretary of, the treasury."
Sec. 1211. That title I. of such act of Sept.
8. 1916, is hereby amended by adding to part
III. six new sections, as follows:
"Sec. 27. That every person, corporation,
partnership or association doing business as
a broker on any exchange or board of trade
or other similar place of business shall, when
required by the commissioner of internal
revenue, render a correct return, duly verified
under oath, under such rules and regulations
as the commissioner of internal revenue, with
the approval of the secretary of the treas-
ury, may prescribe, showing the names of
customers for whom such person, corporation,
partnership or association has transacted any
business, with such details as to the profit,
losses or other information which the commis-
sioner may require, as to each of such cus-
tomers, as will enable the commissioner of
internal revenue to determine whether all in-
come tax due on profits or gains of such cus-
tomers has been paid.
"Sec. 28. That all persons, corporations,
partnerships, associations and insurance com-
panies, in whatever capacity acting, including
lessees or mortgagors of real or personal prop-
erty, trustees acting in any trust capacity,
executors, administrators, receivers, conserva-
tors and employers, making payment to an-
other person, corporation, partnership, asso-
ciation or insurance company, of interest,
rent, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities,
compensation, remuneration, emoluments or
other fixed or determinable gains, profits and
income (other than payments described in sec-
tions 26 and 27). of $800 or more in any
taxable year, or, in the case of such pay-
ments made by the United States, the officers
or employes of the United States having in-
formation as to such payments and required
to make returns in regard thereto by the regu-
lations hereinafter provided for, are hereby
authorized and required to render a true and
accurate return to the commissioner of in-
ternal revenue, under such rules and regula-
tions and in such form and manner as may
be prescribed by him. with the approval of
the secretary of the treasury, setting; forth
the amount of such gains, profits and income,
and the name and address of the recipient of
such payment: Provided, that such returns
shall be required, regardless of amounts, in
the case of payments of interest upon bonds
and mortgages or deeds of trust or other sim-
ilar obligations of corporations, joint stock
companies, associations and insurance compa-
nies, and in the case of collections of items
(not payable in the United States) of inter-
est upon the bonds of foreign countries and
interest from the bonds and dividends from
the stock of foreign corporations, by persons,
corporations, partnerships or associations un-
dertaking as a matter of business or for profit
the collection of foreign payments of such
interest or dividends by means of coupons,
checks or bills of exchange.
"When necessary to make effective the pro-
visions of this section the name and address
of the recipient of income shall be furnished
upon demand of the person, corporation, part-
nership, association or insurance company pay-
ing the income.
r'The provisions of this section shall apply
744
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
to the calendar year 1917 and each year there-
after, but shall not apply to the payment of
interest on obligations of the United States.
"Sec. 29. That in assessing income tax the
net income embraced in the return shall also
be credited with the amount of any exces*
profits tax imposed by act of congress and
assessed for the same calendar or fiscal year
upon the taxpayer, and. in the case of a mem-
ber of a partnership, with his proportionate
share of such excess profits tax imposed upon
the partnership.
"Sec. 30. That nothing in section II. of the
act approved Oct. 3, 1913, entitled 'An act to
reduce tariff duties and to provide revenue
for the government, and for other purposes,'
or in this title, shall be construed as taxing
the income of foreign governments received
from investments in the United States in
stocks, bonds or other domestic securities
owned by such foreign governments, or from
interest on deposits in banks in the United
States of moneys belonging to foreign govern-
ments.
"Sec. 31. (a) That the term 'dividends' as
used in this title shall be held to mean any
distribution made or ordered to be made by a
corporation, joint stock company, association
or insurance company out of its earnings or
profits accrued since March 1. 1913. and pay-
able to its shareholders, whether in cash or in
stock of the corporation, joint stock company,
association or insurance company, which stock
dividend shall be considered income, to the
amount of the earnings or profits eo dis-
tributed.
"(b) Any distribution made to the share-
holders or members of a corporation, joint
stock company or association or insurance
company, in the year 1917 or subsequent tax
years, shall be deemed to have been made from
the most recently accumulated undivided
profits or surplus, and shall constitute a part
of the annual income of the distributee for
the year in which received, and shall be taxed
to the distributee at the rates prescribed by
law for the years in which such profits or
surplus were accumulated by the corporation,
joint stock company, association or insur-
ance company, but nothing herein shall be
construed as taxing anv earnings or profits
accrued prior to March 1. 1913, but such earn-
ings or profits may be distributed in stock
dividends or otherwise, exempt from the tax.
after the distribution of earnings and profits
accrued since March 1. 1913. has been made.
This subdivision shall not apply to any dis-
tribution made prior to Aug. 6. 1917. out of
earnings or profits accrued prior to March
1. 1913.
"Sec. 32. That premiums paid on life in-
surance policies covering the lives of officers,
employes or those financially interested in
an/ trade or business conducted by an indi-
vidual, partnership, corporation, joint stock
company or association, or insurance com-
pany, shall not be deducted in computing the
net income of such individual, corporation,
joint stock company or association, or insur-
ance company, or in computing the profits of
such partnership for the purposes of subdivi-
sion (e) of section 9."
Sec. 1212. That any amount heretofore
withheld by any withholding agent as required
by title I. of such act of Sept. 8. 1916, on
account of the tax imposed upon the income
of any individual, a citizen or resident of the
United States, for the calendar year 1917,
except in the cases covered by subdivision (c)
of section 9 of such act, as amended by this
act, shall be released and paid over to such
individual, and the entire tax upon the in-
come of such individual for such year shall
be assessed and collected in the manner pre-
scribed by such act as amended by this act.
Title XIII.— General Provisions.
Sec. 1300. That if any clause, sentence,
paragraph or part of this act shall for any
reason be adjudged by any court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall
not affect, impair or invalidate the remainder
of said act, but shall be confined in its oper-
ation to the clause, sentence, paragraph or
part thereof directly involved in the contro-
versy in which such judgment shall have been
rendered.
Sec. 1301. That title I. of the act entitled
"An act to provide increased revenue to de-
fray the expenses of the increased appro-
priations lor the army and navy and the
extension of fortifications, and for other pur-
poses." approved March 3. 1917. be. and the
same is, hereby repealed.
Sec. 1302. That unless otherwise herein spe-
cially provided, 'this act shall take effect on
the day following its passage.
(Approved Oct. 3. 1937.)
THANKSGIVING DAY IN 1918.
Because of the victorious, ending of the
great war. Thanksgiving day in 1918 had a
special significance and was observed every-
where throughout the United States with more
than ordinary unanimity and fervency. Presi-
dent Wilson on Nov. 16 issued the following
proclamation :
"By the President of the United States of
America — A proclamation:
"It has long been our custom to turn in
the autumn of the year in praise and thanks-
giving to Almighty God for His many bless-
ings and mercies to us as a nation. This
year we have special and moving cause to be
grateful and to rejoice. God has in His good
pleasure given us peace. It has not come as
a mere cessation of arms, a relief from the
strain and tragedy of war. It has come as a
great triumph of right. Complete victory has
brought us not peace alone but the cpnfident
promise of a new day as well, in which jus-
tice shall replace force and jealous intrigue
among the nations. Our gallant armies have
participated in a triumph which is not marred
or stained by any purpose of selfish aggres-
sion. In a righteous cause they have won
immortal glory and have nobly served their
nation in serving mankind. God has indeed
been gracious. We have cause for such re-
joicing as revives and strengthens in us all
the best traditions of our national history. A
new day shines about us, in which our hearts
take new courage and look forward with new
hope to new and greater duties.
"While we render thanks for these things,
let us not forget to seek the divine guidance
in the performance pf those duties, and di-
vine mercy and forgiveness for all errors of
act or purpose, and pray that in all that we
do we shall strengthen the ties of friend-
ship and mutual respect upon which we must
assist to build the new structure of peace and
good will among the nations.
"Wherefore, I. Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States of America, do hereby
designate Thursday, the 28th day of Novem-
ber next, as a day of thanksgiving and prayer.
and invite the people throughout the land to
cease _ upon that day from their ordinary oc-
cupations and in their several homes and
places of worship to render thanks to God, the
Ruler of nations.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed.
"Done in the District of Columbia this 16th
day of November, in the year of our L/ord
one thousand nine hundred and eighteen and
of the independence of the United States of
America the one hundred and forty -third.
"WOODROW WILSON.
"By the president:
"ROBERT LANSING, Secretary of State."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
745
EPIDEMIC OF SPANISH INFLUENZA.
The greater part of the world was swept by
a severe epidemic of what became generally
known as "Spanish influenza" in 1918. It was
severe in all European countries and claimed
many thousands of victims in the United
States. It led to the closing- of schools,
churches and theaters in many cities and to
the issuing- of orders forbidding- public gath-
erings of any kind. Rupert Blue, surgeon-
general of the United States public health
service, in a number of leaflets issued by him
in October, told something- of the origin of
the disease, its symptoms and its cure. Fol-
lowing are extracts from these leaflets:
"The disease now occurring in this country
and called 'Spanish influenza' resembles a very
contagious kind of 'cold' accompanied by lever,
pains in the head, eyes, ears, back or other
parts of the body, and a feeling of severe
sickness. In most of the cases the symptoms
disappear after three or four days, the pa-
tient then rapidly recovering^ some of the pa-
tients, however, develop pneumonia, or inflam-
mation of the ear, or meningitis, and many of
these complicated cases die. Whether this so-
called 'Spanish influenza' is identical with the
epidemics of influenza of earlier years is not
yet known.
"Epidemics of influenza have visited this
country since 1647. It is interesting to know
that this first epidemic was brought here from
Valencia, Spain. Since that time there have
been numerous epidemics of the disease. In
1889 and 1890 an epidemic of influenza, start-
in? somewhere in the orient, spread first to
Russia, and thence over practically the entire
civilized world. Three years later there was
another flareup of the disease. Both times
the epidemic spread widely over the United
St3>t63
"It seems probable that in 1918, as in 1889-
90 the earlier appearance was in eastern Eu-
rope. By April cases were occurring- on the
western front. In Spain, according to reports,
30 per cent of the population were attacked
in May. The 1889 epidemic, starting in north-
ern Europe, also fell heavily on Spain, the
present ruler, then 3 years of age, being one
of the first attacked in Madrid. The king- of
Spain is said also to have been attacked in
the present epidemic. The epidemic of 1918
was at its height in Germany in June and
July. It has appeared in practically every
section of Europe. In England the epidemic
prevailed in May, June and July.
Came from the Orient.
"Although the present epidemic is called
'Spanish influenza,' there is no reason to be-
lieve that it originated in Spain. Some writ-
ers who have studied the question believe that
the epidemic came from the orient and they
call attention to the fact that the Germans
mention the disease as occurring along the
eastern front in the summer and fall of 1917.
"There is as yet no certain way in which a
single case of 'Spanish influenza* can be rec-
oirnized: on the other hand, recognition is easy
where there is a group of cases. In contrast
to the outbreaks of ordinary coughs and
colds, which usually occur in the cold months,
epidemics of influenza may occur at any sea-
son of the year; thus the present epidemic
raged most intensely in Europe in May, June
and July. Moreover, in the case of ordinary
colds, the general symptoms (fever, pain, de-
pression) are by no means as severe or as
sudden in their onset as they are in influenza.
Finally, ordinary colds do not spread through
the C9mraunity so rapidly or so extensively as
does influenza.
"Bacteriologists who have studied influenza
epidemics in the past have found in many of
the cases a very small rod-shaped germ called,
after its discoverer. Pfeiffer's bacillus. In oth-
er cases of anparently the same kind of dis-
ease there were found pneumoeocci, the germs
, of lobar pneumonia. Still others have been
caused by streptococci, and by other germs
with long- names.
"No matter what particular kind of germ
causes the epidemic, it is now believed that
influenza is always spread from person to
person, the germs being carried with the air
along with the very small droplets of mucus,
expelled by coughing or sneezing, forceful
talking and the like by one who already has
the germs of the disease. They may also be
carried about in the air in the form of dust
coming- from dried mucus, from coughing and
sneezing, or from careless people who spit on
the floor and on the sidewalk. As in most
other catching diseases, a person who has only
a mild attack of the disease himself may give
a very severe attack to others.
"It is very important that every person who
becomes sick with influenza should go home at
once and go to bed. This will help keep away
dangerous complications and will at the same
time keep the patient from scattering the dis-
ease far and wide. It is highly desirable that
no one be allowed to sleep in the same room
with the patient. In fact, no one but the
nurse should be allowed in the room.
''If there is cough and sputum or running-
of the eyes and nose, care should be taken that
all such discharges are collected on bits of
gauze or rag or paper napkins and burned. If
the patient complains of fever and headache,
he should be given water to drink, a cold com-
press to the forehead, and a light sponge.
Only such medicine should be given as is pre-
scribed by the doctor. It is foolish to ask the
druggist to prescribe and may be «!in;rerouR to
take the so-called 'safe, sure and harmless'
remedies advertised by patent medicine man-
ufacturers.
''If the patient is so situated that he can be
attended only by some one who must also look
after others in the family, it is advisable that
such attendant wear a wrapper, apron, or
gown over the ordinary house clothes while in
the sick room, and slip this off when leaving
to look after the others.
"Nurses and attendants will do well to guard
against breathing in dangerous disease germs
by wearing- a simple fold of gauze or mask
while near the patient."
Congress Appropriates $1,000,000.
The situation became so serious in many
communities that congress, at the request of
the public health service, by a joint resolution
approved Oct. 1, 1918, appropriated $1,000,-
000 to enable the health service officials to
combat the disease by aiding the state and
local health boards.
In a report issued by the puMic health serv-
ice Nov. 8, 1918, it was stated that from the
beginning- of the epidemic to and including
Nov. 2, a grand total of approximately 115,-
000 deaths from influenza and pneumonia had
been reported. In this report figures were
given showing the deaths in large cities per
100,000 of population from influenza and
pneumonia during the weeks when the dis-
eases were most prevalent. Here are the fig-
ures for the third week:
Philadelphia .,..264.9
Baltimore 258.7
New Orleans 180.8
Washington 147.9
Nashville 107.fi
Boston 158.4
San Francisco. ..156.6
Fall River 154.8
Richmond 111.5
Lowell 123.3
Cambridge 100.6
New Haven 50.6
Memphis 109.4
Dayton 106.3
Oakland 66.8
Cleveland ........ 98:5
Chicago ......... 82.7
New York ........ 73.9
Omaha .......... 83.7
Rochester ....... 80.0
Louisville
Birmingham
75.2
58.0
.
Kansas City ..... 55.0
Denver .......... 54.8
Columbus ...... 53.1
Atlanta ......... 51.5
Indianapolis .... 45.1
Milwaukee
39.3
St. Louis 30.3
746
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Deadlier than Warfare.
The bureau of the census in Washington is-
Bued a statement Nov. 18, 1918, comparing
the deaths from influenza in the United
States with the toll of life taken among- the
American forces in Europe. It assumed that
the number of deaths among the soldiers was
between 40,000 and 45,000. While it became
known later that the number was consider-
ably larger, the comparison in the main was
correct. The statement follows:
"The influenza epidemic has thus far taken
a much heavier toll of American life than has
the great war. The total loss of life through-
out the country is not known, but the bu-
reau of the census has been publishing, for
forty-six large cities having- a combined popu-
lation estimated at 23,000.000, weekly reports
showing- the mortality from influenza and pneu-
monia. These reports, which cover the pe-
riod from Sept. 8 to Nov. 9, inclusive, show
a total of 82.306 deaths from these causes. It
is estimated that during a similar period of
time the normal number of deaths due to in-
fluenza and pneumonia in the same cities
would be about 4,000, leaving approximately
78,000 as the number properly chargeable to
the epidemic.
"The total casualties in the American ex-
peditionary forces have recently been unoffi-
cially estimated at 100,000. On the basis of
the number thus far reported, it may be as-
sumed that the deaths from all causes, in-
cluding disease and accidents, are probably
less than 45 per cent and may not be more
than 40 per cent of the total casualties. On
this assumption, the loss of life in the Amer-
ican expeditionary forces to date is about 40,-
000 or 45,000.
"Thus, in forty-six American cities having
a combined population of only a little more
than one-fifth the total for the country, the
mortality resulting from the influenza epi-
demic during the nine weeks' period ended
Nov. 9 was nearly double that in the Ameri-
can expeditionary forces from the time the
nrst contingent landed in France until the
cessation of hostilities.
"For the forty-six cities taken as a group,
the epidemic reached its height during the
two weeks ended Oct. 26, lor which period
40,782 deaths were reported— 19,938 for the
week ended Oct. 19 and 20,844 for the fol-
lowing week. Since Oct. 26, however, the de-
cline has been pronounced. During the week
ended Nov. 2, 14,857 deaths occurred, and
during the following week only 7,798. The
only city in which the number of deaths re-
ported for the week ended Nov. 9 exceeded
the number occurring- during the previous
week was Spokane. Wash.
"In general, the epidemic traversed the coun-
try from east to west. In a number of east-
ern cities — notably Boston, where the greatest
mortality occurred during the week ended Oct.
5 — the largest number of deaths were reported
for earlier periods than that which covered
the height of the epidemic for the forty-six
cities taken as a group. On the other hand,
in New Haven, New York, Pittsburgh and
Rochester the maximum mortality occurred
somewhat later than in eastern cities gener-
ally. In Baltimore, Buffalo and Philadelphia
the two weeks period ended Oct. 26 showed
the greatest number of deaths. For the en-
tire nine weeks' period the greatest mortality
due to the epidemic, in proportion to popula-
tion— 7.4 per 1,000— occurred in Philadelphia:
and the next greatest— 6.7 per 1,000— was re-
ported for Baltimore." /
Many Deaths in Camps.
.Most of the army and navy training- camps
suffered severely from the epidemic, thousands
of deaths occurring. Some of them had to
be quarantined for a number of days until
the disease was checked. At the Great Lakes
naval training- station near Chicago at one
time the deaths per day were between seventy-
five and 100. .
MAYORS OF LARGE CITIES (1918).
Albany, N. Y.— James R. Watt, Rep.
Atlanta, Ga. — James L. Key, Dem.
Baltimore, Md. — James H. Preston, Dem.
Boston, Mass. — Andrew J. Peters, nonpartisan.
Bridgeport, Conn. — Clifford B. Wilson, Rep.
Buffalo, N. Y.— G. E. Buck. Rep.
Camden, N. J.— Charles H. Ellis. Rep.
Charleston. S. C.— T. T. Hyde, Dem.
Chicago, 111.— William Hale Thompson, Rep.
Cincinnati, O. — John Galvin, Rep.
Cleveland, O.— Harry L. Davis, Rep.
Columbus, O. — George J. Karb, Dem.
Dayton, O. — J. M. Switzer. nonpartisan.
Denver, Col.— W. F. R. Mills. Rep.
Des Moines, Iowa. — Thomas Fairweather. nonp.
Detroit. Mich. — James Couzens, nonpartisan.
Duluth, Minn.— C. R. Magney. Rep.
Fall River, Mass.— James H. Kay. Rep.
Fort Wayne, Ind.— W. S. Cutshall, Rep.
Galveston, Texas— J. H. Kemper, nonpartisan.
Grand Rapids. Mich.— Chr. Gallmeyer. nonpart.
Hartford, Conn.— R. J. Kinsella, Dem.
Indianapolis, Ind.— Charles W. Jewett, Rep.
Jersey City, N. J.— Frank Hague, Dem.
Kansas City. Mo.— James Cowgill. Dem.
Lincoln, Neb.— John E. Miller. Dem.
Los Angeles. Cal. — F. T. Woodman, Rep.
Louisville. Ky.— George W. Smith, Rep.
Lowell. Mass. — Perry D. Thompson, nonpart.
Memphis. Tenn. — Edward H. Crump. Dem.
Milwaukee, Wis.— Daniel A. Hoan, Soc.
Minneapolis, Minn.— Thos. Van Lear, nonp. Soc.
Nashville. Tenn.— William Gupton, Dem.
Newark, N. J.— Charles P. Gillen. Dem.
New Haven. Conn.— D. E. Fitzgerald, Dem.
New Orleans, La. — Martin Behrman, Dem.
New York, N. Y.— John F. Hylan, Dem.
Omaha, Neb. — Edward P. Smith. Dem.
Paterson. N. J. — Amos H. Radcliffe. Rep.
Peoria, HI.— E. N. Woodruff. Rep.
Philadelphia. Pa.— Thomas B. Smith, Rep.
Pittsburgh, Pa.— E. V. Babcock, nonpartisan.
Portland. Me.— Charles B. Clarke. Rep.
Portland, Ore. — Geo. L. Baker, Rep.
Providence, R. I. — Joseph H. Gainer, Dem.
Reading, Pa. — Edward H. Filbert, nonpartisan.
Richmond, Va. — George Ainslee, Dem.
Rochester. N. Y.— H. H. Edgerton, Rep.
St. Joseph. Mo.— J. C. Whitsell, Dem.
St. Louis, Mo.— Henry W. Kiel, Rep.
St. Paul, Minn. — L. C. Hodgson, nonpartisan.
Salt Lake City, Utah— W. Mont Ferry, Rep.
San Antonio, Tex. — Clinton G. Brown. Dem.
San Francisco, Cal. — James Rolph, Jr., nonp.
Schenectady, N. Y. — C. A. Simon. Rep.
Seattle, Wash.— Ole Hanson, Prog.-Rep.
Spring-field, 111. — Arthur A. Adams. Rep.
Springfield, Mass. — Frank E. Stacy. Rep.
Syracuse, N. Y.— Walter R. Stone. Rep.
Toledo, O. — Cornell Schreiber, nonpartisan.
Trenton, N. J. — Frederick W. Donnelly, Dem.
Troy, N. Y. — Cornelius F. Burns, Dem.
Wilmington, Del. — John W. Lawson, Dem.
FEDERAL WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION COMMISSION.
Appointed by President Wilson Jan. 5. 1917.
I>r. Riley McMillan Little of Swarthmore, Pa.,
a republican, for a term of six years.,
Mrs. Frances C. Axtell of Bellingham, Wash..
a progressive, for a term of four years.
John J. Keegan of Indianapolis, a democrat.
for a term of two years.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
747
SOCIALIST 1917 PLATFORM.
In. view of the fact that some of the lead-: Only through this combination of our pow-
.= ,~ th» o^,oi,»» ™,.f,, »,~™ ,^,«*^ ,,„ ers cau we establish the co-operative com-
ers in the socialist party were indicted un-
der the espionage act on the charge of ad-
vocating: principles in violation of that law
and the general charge made against the party
of unpatriotic conduct in relation to the war
and also in view of the further fact that it
may figure in the presidential campaign of
1920, the platform adopted by national ref-
erendum on July 24, 1917, becomes of inter-
est.
It is as follows:
Preamble.
The majority of the workers in America,
whether rendering service by hand or brain.
are victims of poverty or near poverty; are
insecure in their employment and ever live in
fear of want.
This is the fact because they are underpaid.
The wages or salaries they receive are only
a small part of the wealth or value they pro-
duce and such wages or salaries are insuffi-
cient to maintain a decent standard of life.
Poverty of the masses in a land of abun-
dance like America is the greatest of all mod-
ern crimes.
The wage worker is not free, because he can
work only by the consent of the owners of
jobs.
The owners who do not work and the work-
ers who do not own the industries, each
naturally seek to protect and advance their
own interests. Both seek to maintain the
share they now get and to secure more for
themselves by taking something- from the
other. The clash of these interests creates the
class struggle.
Because of this class struggle the workers
organize into labor unions, co-operative so-
cieties and in the socialist party. The own-
ers organize into employers' associations, com-
mercial bodies and citizens' alliances. They
also control and dominate the great political
parties. Labor's principal weapons are strikes
and boycotts. The capitalists respond with
lockouts, blacklists, court injunctions, impris-
onments, hangings and even mass murder.
This terrible class warfare is world wide and
a grave menace to civilization. Its abolition
is the most important and vital issue con-
fronting the human race.
The present system of production and dis-
tribution is known as the capitalist system to
distinguish it from the several systems which
preceded it, such as chattel slavery and the
feudal system. Under capitalism there are two
distinct classes, the capitalist class and the
working class. The capitalist class is main-
tained by the taking of rents, interest and
profits.
The working class, owning no industries.
lives by getting wages. The worker sells the
only thing that he owns, his power to labor.
This power to labor lessens with his advanc-
ing years.
Controlling the government, the capitalist
class makes laws in its own interest. Behind
these class laws is every instrument of the
government to defend and make sacred the
private ownership of land and industries and
special privileges by which labor is robbed.
Thus the economic question is a political
question. How you live is a political ques-
tion of momentous importance. The theory
of a democratic government is the greatest
good to the greatest number. The working
class far outnumbers the capitalist class.
Here is the natural advantage of the working
cliss-. By uniting solidly in a political party
of its own. it can capture the government and
all its powers and use them in its own inter-
est.
The socialist party aims to abolish this class
war with all its evils and to substitute for
capitalism a new order of co-operation, where-
in the workers shall own and control all the
economic factors of life. It calls upon all
workers to unite, to strike as they vote and
to vote as they strike, all against the mas-
ter class.
monwealth wherein the workers shall own
their jobs and receive the full social value of
their product. The necessities of life will
then be produced not for the profits of the
few but for the comfort and happiness of
all who labor. Instead of privately owned in-
dustries, with masters and slaves, there will
be the common ownership of the means of
life, and all the opportunities and resources
of the world will be equal and free to all.
This magnificent goal represents the supreme
ideal of the human race. As such it is to
the highest interest of every human being to
join in the struggle of the working class and
help fight to a finish the battle which will
free all men and women and lift them to a
position infinitely higher and better than can
ever be possible so long as the system of
capitalism endures.
Immediate Program.
The following are measures which we be-
lieve of immediate practical importance and
for which we wage an especially energetic
campaign:
Political Demands.
.1. Complete adult suffrage by the elimina-
tion of all sex, residential and educational
qualifications, by the abolition of all registra-
tion fees, poll taxes or other impediments to
voting. Enfranchisement of those who have
declared their intention to become citizens and
have resided in this country one year.
2. Democratic control of the government
through a constitutional amendment providing
for the initiative, referendum and recall.
3. Effective voting and proportional repre-
sentation on all legislative bodies.
4. The abolition of the power of the courts
to make and unmake laws because of alleged
unconstitutionality or other grounds.
5. Rigid maintenance of the right of free
press, speech and assemblage in peace and in
war.
Economic Demands.
1. National ownership and democratic con-
trol of the railroads, telegraphs and tele-
Phones, steamship lines and all other social
means of transportation, communication, stor-
age and distribution.
2. Nationalization of banking and of social-
ly beneficial kinds of insurance.
3. Direct loans to municipalities and states
at cost.
Further Demands.
The following measures do not exhaust by
any means the ways by which the workers
can be helped to freedom. They are com-
piled as suggestive of further activity to
that end.
1. Abolition of the senate and the veto
power of the president.
2. Direct election of the president and vice-
president.
3. Immediate curbing of the power of the
courts to issue injunctions.
4. Direct election of all judges of the United
States courts for short terms.
5. Free administration of law and the crea-
tion of public defenders.
Industrial Demands.
1. Complete abolition of child labor.
2. A legal minimum wage based on the
ascertained cost of a decent standard of life.
3. Full protection for migratory and unem-
ployed workers from oppression.
4. Abolition of private employment, de-
tective and strike breaking agencies, and the
extension of the federal employment bureau.
6. A shorter work day in keeping with in-
creased industrial productivity.
6. An uninterrupted rest period of one and
a half days in each week.
748
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
7. Freedom of industrial and political activ-
ities of the workers.
General Demands.
1. Taxation to be raised from graduated
taxes on incomes and inheritance and from
site values.
2. Adequate higher educational facilities for
the entire youth of the nation, and such con-
tribution to family resources as will enable
the youth to remain in contact with such fa-
cilities until they are fully equipped for their
economic and social careers.
3. Government support, by loans and other
methods, to farmers' and workers' co-opera-
tive organizations.
4. The retention and extension of the pub-
lic domain and the conservation and full de-
velopment of natural resources by the nation.
5. Pensions for mothers, for invalidity, and
old age.
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK DISTRICTS AND OFFICIALS.
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD.
Appointed by the president.
Members. Terms expire.
W. G. P. Harding' (Ala.) governor 1922
(Vacancy) vice-governor
Frederick Strauss (N. Y.) 1920
Adolph C. Miller (Cal.) 1924
Charles S. Hamlin (Mass.) 1926
Ex Officio Members — The secretary of the
treasury, chairman, and the comptroller of
the currency.
Secretary— H. Parker Willis.
Assistant Secretary and Fiscal Agent — Sherman
P. Allen.
Counsel— M. C. Elliott.
Chief of Division of Audit and Examination-
Joseph A. Broderick.
Headquarters— Treasury department, Washing--
Sala"ies— Of five members, $12,000 a year;
comptroller of currency as ex officio member,
87,000 a year additional to his salary of
85 000 as comptroller. The secretary to the
board gets 86,000 a year, the assistant sec-
retary 84.500 and the counsel 87.500. The
chief of audit and examination is paia
86,000 a year.
Duties— The federal reserve board exercises a
general supervision over the affairs and man-
agement of the federal reserve banks. It
has the power to discount paper, issue fed-
eral reserve notes and perform other bank-
ing functions prescribed by th<L1J>a,w- Js
appoints its own officers and employes ana
derives its support from assessments levied
on the reserve banks. The members of the
board are appointed by the president ol the
United States.
FEDERAL RESERVE CITIES.
Dist. and city.
7. Chicago. 111.
8. St. Louis, Mo.
9. Minneapolis, Minn.
10. Kansas City. Mo.
11. Dallas, Tex.
12. San Francisco, Cal.
Dist. and city.
1. Boston. Mass.
2. New York, N. Y.
3. Philadelphia. Pa.
4. Cleveland, O.
5. Richmond. Va.
6. Atlanta. Ga.
FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICTS.
1. Maine. New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-
chusetts. Rhode Island and all of Connecticut
except the county of Fairfield.
2 The state of New York and the northern
part of the state ol New Jersey comprising-
the counties ol Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hun-
terdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic.
Somerset. Sussex, Union. Warren and the
county ol Fairfield in the state of Connecticut.
3. All that part ol New Jersey comprising
the counties ol Atlantic, Burling-ton, Camden,
Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Mercer.
Ocean and Salem: the state ol Delaware: all
that part ol Pennsylvania east ol the western
boundary ol McKean, Elk, Clearfield, Cambria
and Bedford counties.
4. Ohio: all that part ol Pennsylvania west
ol district No. 3: Marshall, Ohio. Brooke, Han-
cock, Wetzel and Tyler counties. West Vir-
ginia: all that part ol Kentucky east ol the
western boundary ol Boone, Grant. Scott,
Woodford. Jessamine. Garrard. Lincoln. Pu-
laski and McCreary counties.
5. District ol Columbia, Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina and South Carolina; all ol
West Virginia except Marshall, Ohio, Brooke,
Hancock, Wetzel and Tyler counties.
6. Alabama, Georgia and Florida: all that
part ol Tennessee east ol the western bound-
ary of Stewart, Houston, Wayne. Humphreys
and Perry counties: all that part of Mississippi
south of the northern boundary of Issaquena,
Sharkey, Yazoo, Kemper, Madison, Leake and
Neshoba counties; all of that part of Louisi-
ana south of the northern boundaries ol the
parishes of Vernon, Rapides and Ayoyelles.
7. Iowa; all that part ol Wisconsin south ol
the northern boundary ol Marquette, Oconto.
Langlade, Marathon, Jackson and Vernon coun-
ties; all ol the southern peninsula of Michi-
gan, viz., that part east ol Lake Michigan: all
that part of Illinois north of the southern
boundary of Hancock, Schuyler, Cass, San-
g-amon, Christian, Shelby. Cumberland and
Clark counties; all that part of Indiana north
of the southern boundary of Vigo, Clay, Owen,
Monroe, Brown, Bartholomew, Jennings, Rip-
ley and Ohio counties.
8. Arkansas: all that, part of Missouri east
ot the western boundary of Harrison, Daviess,
Caldwell, Ray, Lafayette, Johnson, Henry, St.
Clair, Cedar, Dade, Lawrence and Barry coun-
ties; all that part of Illinois and Indiana not
included in district No. 7: all that part ol
Kentucky not included in district No. 4; all
that part ol Tennessee and Mississippi not in-
cluded in district No. 6.
9. Montana. North Dakota, South Dakota
and Minnesota: all that part ol Wisconsin and
Michigan not included in district No. 7.
10. Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyo-
ming: all that part ol Missouri not included in
district No. 8 : all ol Oklahoma except the coun-
ties ol Atoka, Bryan, Choctaw, Coal, Johnston,
McCurtain, Marshall and Pushmataha; all that
part ol New Mexico north ol the southern
boundary ol McKinley, Sandoval, Santa Fe,
San Miguel and Union counties.
11. Texas: all that part of New Mexico and
Oklahoma not included in district No. 10: all
that part of Louisiana not included in district
No. 6: and Pima, Graham, Greenlee, Cochise
and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona.
12. California, Washington, Oregon, Idaho,
Nevada and Utah: all that part of Arizona not
included in district No. 11.
GREAT STEAMSHIP DISASTERS.
General Slocum.
Date— June 15, 1904.
Place— East River. N.Y.
Persons aboard— 1,400.
Lives lost— 858.
Cause — Fire.
Titanic.
Date— April 15, 1912.
Place — Atlantic ocean.
Persons aboard— 2.223.
Lives lost, 1.517.
Persons saved — 706.
Cause — Iceberg.
Empress of Ireland.
Date— May 29, 1914.
Place — St. Lawrence.
Persons aboard — 1,479.
Lives lost— 1.027.
Persons saved — 452.
Cause— Collision.
Lusitania.
Date— May 7, 1915.
Place — Atlantic ocean.
Persons aboard — 1,906.
Lives lost— 1,198.
Persons saved — 708.
Cause— Torpedoed.
Eastland.
Date— July 24, 1915.
Place — Chicago river.
Persons aboard — 2,000.
Lives lost— 812.
Cause — Capsized.
Provence II.
Date— Feb. 26. 1916.
Place — Mediterranean .
Persons aboard — 4,000.
Lives lost— 910.
Cause — Torpedoed.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
740
FEDERAL RESERVE tJAXK STATEMENT.
Nov. 22. 1918.
Boston. New York.
Dist. 1. Dist. 2.
Total gold resarves.$109,625.000 $619,203,000
Total reserves 113.350,000 664,232,000
Bills discounted
and bought 148,934,000 823,050,000
Due to members —
reserve account.. 108.538.000 685,823,000
Philadelphia. Cleveland.
Dist. 3. Dist. 4.
Total g-old reserves.$120,180.000 $198,152,000
Total reserves 120.988.000 198.637,000
Bills discounted
and bought 182.948,000 164,607,000
Due to members —
reserve account.. 70.275,000 115,246,000
Richmond. Atlanta.
Dist. 5. Dist. 6.
Total gold reserves. $80,769,000 $63,342.000
Total reserves 81,392.000 63,548,000
Bills discounted
and bought 90,012,000 84.211,000
Due to members-
reserve account.. 51.947,000 40.784,000
Chicago. St. Louis.
Dist. 7. Dist. 8.
Total gold reserve8.8416.204, 000 $87.020.000
Total reserves 417.729.000 89,008,000
Bills discounted
and bought 210.441.000 80.477,000
St. Louis.
Dist. 8.
$56,899.000
Kansas City.
Dist. 10.
$77,652.000
77,784.000
80,248,000
Chicago.
Dist. 7.
Due to members —
reserve account... $229,169,000
Minneapolis.
Dist. 9.
Total gold reserves. $82,450.000
T9tal reserves 82,509.000
Bills discounted
and bought 49,213,000
Due to members —
reserve account.. 50,408,000 74,433,000
Dallas. San Francisco.
Dist. 11. Dist. 12.
Total gold reserves. $33,655,000 $172,013,000
Total reserves 34,833,000 172,247,000
Bills discounted
and bought 49,305.000 105,773,000
Due to members —
reserve account.. 32,340.000 88.171,000
STATEMENT OF MEMBER BANKS.
Nov. 15. 1918.
Number of banks reporting 752
Total United States securities... $2,108,670.000
Loans on U. S. bonds, etc 1,202,816000
Other loans and investments.. .10,594,803,000
Reserve with Federal res. bank 1,188,672,000
Cash in vault 385,986,000
Net demand deposits 9,647,617000
Time deposits 1,448,387,000
Government deposits 869,423,000
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT.
Federal Reserve Banks Nov. 22.
Resources. 1918. 1917.
Gold in vault and in transit $371,498,000 $530,045,000
Gold settlement fund 435,892,000 386,662,000
Gold with foreign agencies 5,829,000 52,500,000
Total gold held by banks 813,219,000 969,207,000
Gold with Federal reserve agents 1,168,917,000 623,948,000
Gold redemption fund 78,129,000 11,549,000
Total sold reserve 2,060,265,000 1,604.704,000
Legal tender notes, silver, etc 55,992,000 54,058,000
Total reserve 2,116,257,000 1,658,762,000
Bills discounted: Secured by government war obligations 1,280,303,000 .
All other 429,132,000 656,002,000
Bills bought in open market 368,784,000 209,905.000
Total bills on hand 2,078,219,000 865,907.000
United States long term securities 29,134,000 53,962,000
United States short term securities 148,180,000 57,850000
All other earning assets 27,000 1,422,000
Total earning- assets 2,255,560,000 979,141,000
Uncollected items deducted from gross deposits 819,010,000 314,397,000
Five per cent redemption fund against Federal reserve bank notes 4,525,000 637,000
All other resources 24,175,000 3,293,000
Total resources.
Liabilities.
Capital paid in ,
1918.
v $80,025,000
Surplus " 1,134,000
5,219,527,000 2,956,130,000
1917.
$67,136,000
Government deposits 113,174,000 196,411,000
Due to members— reserve account 1,604,033,000 1,426,648,000
Collection items 620,608,000 215,169,000
Other deposits, including- foreign government credits 113,967,000 23,291,000
Total gross deposits 2,451,782,000 1,861,519,000
Federal reserve notes in actual circulation 2,555,215,000 1,015,892,000
Federal reserve bank notes in circulation, net liability 80,504.000 8,000,000
All other liabilities 50,867,000 3,583,000
Total liabilities 5,219,527,000 2,956,130,000
750
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT (JUNE 30, 1918).
Formerly issued as "Statement of the Public Debt."
CASH AVAILABLE TO PAY MATURING OBLIGATIONS.
Balance held by the treasurer of the United States as per daily treasury
statement for June 29, 1918 ............................................ $1,585,006,851.47
Add — Net excess of payments over receipts in June reports subsequently re-
ceived .................................................................... 99,922,728.74
Total ................................................................. 1,684,929,580.21
Settlement warrants, matured interest obligations and checks outstanding —
Treasury warrants .......................................................... 36,606,344.79
Matured interest obligations* .............................................. 28.809,673.52
Disbursing officers' checks ................................................ 300,166,197.76
Balance free of current obligations ........................................... 1.319,347,364.14=
1,684,929,580.21
•The unpaid interest due on Liberty loans is estimated in cases where complete reports
have not been received.
PUBLIC DEBT.
Debt Bearing No Interest.
Payable on presentation.
Obligations reauired to be reissued when redeemed— United States notes ...... $346.681,016.00
Less gold reserve ........................................................ 152,979,025.63
Excess of notes over reserve ............................................ 193,701,990.37
Obligations that will be retired on presentation — Old demand notes ............. 53.012.50
National bank notes and federal reserve bank notes assumed by the
United States on deposit of lawful money for their retirement ........... 36,903,592.00
Fractional currency ................................................... 6,845,137.82
Total ............................................................... 237.503.732.69
Debt on Which Interest Has Ceased Since Maturity.
Payable on presentation.
Funded loan of 1891, continued at 2 per cent, called for redemption May
18, 1900; interest ceased Aug. 18. 1900 .................................... $4.000.00
Funded loan of 1891, matured Sept. 2. 1891 .................................. 20.850.00
Loan 'of 1904, matured Feb. 2. 1904 .......................... , ............. 13.050.00
Funded loan of 1907, matured July 2, 1907 .................................. 487.900.00
Refunding certificates, matured July 1, 1907 ................................. 11.200.00
Old debt matured at various dates prior to Jan. 1, 1861, and other items
of debt matured at various dates subsequent to Jan. 1. 1861 .............. 900.550.26
Certificates of indebtedness, at various interest rates, matured ................ 18,805,000.00
Total ............................................................... 20.242.550.26
Interest Bearing Debt.
Payable on or after specified future dates.
Tot. outstanding
Title of loan. Authorizing act. Rate. Issued. Amount issued. June 30, 1918.
Consols of 1930. ............... March 14, 1900 ......... 2 per cent... 1900.... $646,250,150.00 $599,724,050.00
Loan of 1908-1918 .............. June 13. 1898 ........... 3 per cent... 1898.... 198.792.660.00 63,945,460.00
Loan of 1925 ................... Jan. 14. 1875 ............ 4 per cent... 1895-96. 162,315,400.00 118,489,900.00
Panama canal loan:
Series 1906 ................... June 28, 1902, and Dec.
i 21.1905 ................ 2 per cent... 1906.... 54,631.980.00 48,954,180.00
Series 1908 ................... June 28, 1902, and Dec.
21. 1905 ................ 2 per cent.. .1908.... 30,000,000.00 25,947,400.00
Series 1911 ................... Aug. 5, 1909, Feb. 4.
1910. & Mar. 2. 1911.. 3 per cent... 1911.... 50,000.000.00 50,000,000.00
Conversion bonds ............. Dec. 23. 1913 ............ 3 per cent... 1916-17. 28,894,500.00 28,894,500.00
One year treasury notes ...... Dec. 23. 1913 ............ 3 per cent... 1917-18. *27,362,000.00 19,150,000.00
Certificates of indebtedness. .Sept. 24, 1917, and Apr.
4. 1918 ................. Various ....1917-18. *2,098,699,500.00 1,706,204.500.00
First Liberty loan of 1917.... Apr. 24, 1917 ......... ) ^per cent!4 I 1917.. tl.989, 447,294.62 1.988,791,294.62
Second Liberty loan of 1917.. Sept. 24, 1917 ......... j 4cfnt% ^ I 1917-t3.807,863,516.00 3.746,813.516.00
Third Liberty loan ....... .....April 4. 1918 ........... 4% percent.1918.... t3,243,045,138.47 3,228,109,638.47
^mh^rfe^)^!..^8!1^11116 25> 191° ........... 2%percent.l911-17. 10.758,560.00 10,758,560.00
Pslr!eSrT!ng.^b0n^!..(.14.t!!iJune 25' 191° ........... 2%percent.W18.... 302.140.00 302,140.00
War sav. 'and thrift stamps. Sept. 24, 1917 ........... J4 per cent.,1917-18. §352,769,265.13 349,797,297.33
Aggregate of interest-bear-
ing debt ................................................................ 12,701.132,104.22 11,985,882,436.42
•Excludes matured series. tThese amounts
represent receipts of the treasurer of the
United States on account of principal of bonds
of the first, second and third Liberty loans,
respectively, to June 30. JThe average issue
price pf war savirgs stamps for the year 1918
•with interest at I per cent per annum com-
pounded quarterly for the average period to
maturity will amount to $5 on Jan. 1. 1923.
Thrift stamps do not bear interest. §This
amoxmt represents receipts of the treasurer of
the United States on account of proceeds of
sales of war savings certificate stamps and
United States thrift stamps.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
751
Cross Debt.
Debt bearing1 no interest $237,503,732.69
Debt on which, int. has ceased. 20,242,550.26
Interest-bearing' debt ..11.985.882.436.42
Gross debt 12,243,628,719.37
Net Debt.
Gross debt (above) $12,243,628,719.37
Deduct — Balance free of cur-
rent obligations 1,319,347.364.14
*The amount of $5,624,434,750 has been
expended to above date in this and the pre-
ceding fiscal year from the proceeds of sales
of bonds authorized by law for purchase of
the obligations of foreign governments. When
payments are received from foreign govern-
ments on account of the principal of their
obligations, they must be applied to the re-
duction of the interest-bearing debt oi the
United States.
Net debt* 10,924,281,355.23
PAY WARRANTS DRAWN.
Fiscal year 1918. Fiscal year 1917.
Ordinary— Legislative establishment $16,042,052.69 $15,174,101.43
Executive proper .. 9,822,595.51 1,387,797.91
State department . 10,709,278.58 6,130,081.82
Treasury department— Excluding public buildings *163,677, 075.70 67,237,532.16
Public buildings 18,170.930.16 17,664,374.54:
War department— Military establishment t5,645,584, 931.93 401,418,331.54
Civil establishment — War department proper 18,233,466.75 2,698,441.16
Miscellaneous waru civil 9,170,109.86 8,370,989.01
Rivers and harbors 29,593,581.89 30,487,559.82
Department of justice 13,232,380.79 10,576,309.48
Postoffice department— Excluding postal service 1,934,320.44 1,920,717.41
Postal deficiencies 2,221,094.54
Navy department— Naval establishment $1,368,642,793.84 257,166,437.44
Civil establishment 1,834,613.77 981,649.66
Interior department— Excluding- pensions and Indians 35,271,820.52 29,249,699.03
Pensions 181,137,754.12 160,318,405.66
Indians 30,888,400.03 30,598,093.55
Department of agriculture 46,759,461.46 29,587,148.95
Department of commerce 13,301,156.49 11,700,529.04
Department of labor 5,916,881.45 3,847,305.10
Federal control of transportation systems 150,000,000.00
War finance corporation 55,000,000.00
United States shipping board 862,026,889.34 14,958,468.98
Other independent offices and commissions 68,807,052.35 7,731,898.23
District of Columbia 14,406,410.75 13,803,193.93
Interest on the public debt 197,526,608.36 24,742,129.42
Total ordinary 8,969,911,661.32 1,147,751,195.26
Panama Canal— Pay warrants for construction, etc 20,787,624.92 19,262,798.32
Special— Purchase of obligations of foreign governments.. 4,739,434,750.00 885,000,000.00
Purchase of farm loan bonds 65,153,254.15
Subscription to stock of federal land banks 8,880,315.00
Payment for West Indian islands 25,000,000.00
Total warrants drawn on general fund, exclusive of
public debt 13,795,287,290.39 2.085,894,308.58
•Includes all warrants drawn for payments by the bureau of war risk Insurance except
for army, navy and marine corps allotments of pay. flncludes warrants for allotments of
army pay paid by the treasury department under the war risk insurance act. tlncludes war-
rants for allotments of navy and marine corps pay paid by the treasury department under the
war risk insurance act. MEMORANDA.
Amount due the United States from the central branch of the Union Pacific
railroad on account of bonds issued— Principal $1,600,000.00
Interest ~. , 1,984,309.22
Total 3.584,309.22
OUTST
On Jan
Inclusive,
Tear.
179J.
ANDING PRH
DE
1 of each 3
and on July 1
Amount.
$75,463,476.52
77,227,924.66
80,358,634.04
78,427,404.77
80,747,587.39
83,762,172.07
82,064,479.33
79,228,529.12
78,408,669.77
82,976,294.35
83,038,050.80
80,712,632.25
77,054,686.40
86,427,120.88
82,312,150.50
75.723,270.66
69,218,398.64
65,196,317.97
57,023,192.09
53,173,217.52
v'CIPAL OF PUBLIC
BT.
ear from 1791 to 1843,
of each year since.
Year. Amount.
1811 $48,005,587.76
1812 45,209,737.90
1813 J5R.962. 827.57
Year.
1831.......
Amount.
539,123,191.68
24,322,235.18
7,001.698.83
4.760,082.08
23,733.05'
37,513.05
336,957,83
3,308,124.07
10,434,221.14
3,573,343.32
5.250,875.54
13,594,480.73
20,201,226.27
32,742,922.00
23,461,652.50
15.925,303.01
15,550,202.97
38.826,534.77
47,044,862.23
63,061,858.69
63,452,773.55
68,304,796.02
66,199.341.71
59.803,117.70
Year.
1854....
Araornt.
. . . $42 242 222 42
1832
1855....
35,58695656
1833
1856
31,932537.90
1834
1857....
28,69983185
1835.......
1858....
44,911 881 03
1792
1793
1836
1859....
58 496 837 88
1837
I860
64 842 287 88
1794
1814
81,487,846.24
1838
1861....
90 580 873 72
1795
1796
1797
1815....
99,833,660.15
1839
1862....
524 176 412 13
1816....
... 127,334,933.74
1840
1863
. . 1 119 772 138 63
1817
... 123,591,96516
1841
1842
1864....
1865....
...1,815,784,370.57
... 2 680 647 869 74
1798
1818....
... 103,466,633.83
1799
1819
95,52964828
1843
1866....
1867.. .
...2,773,236,173.69
2 678 126 103 87
1800
1820. . . .
91,015,566.15
1843
1801
1802
1803
1804
1821....
1822....
1823....
1824....
1825....
1826....
1827....
I82g....
1829....
1830....
89.987,427.66
93,546,676.98
90,875,877.28
90.269.777.77
... 83,788,332.71
81,955.059.99
73.987,357.20
67,475,043.87
58,421,413.67
... 48,565,406.50
1844
1845
1868....
1869....
...2,611,687,851.19
... 2 588 452 213 94
1846
1847
1870. . . .
1871
1872
...2,480,672,427.81
... 2.353,211,332.32
...2,253,251,328 78
1805
1806
1848
1849
1873.
1874.
1875.
1S76.
1877.
..2,234,482,993.20
..2,251,690,468.43
..2,232,284,531.95
.. 2.180.39x067.15
.. 2,205,301,392.10
1807
1808
1809
'810
1850
1851
1852
1853
752
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Tear.
1878
Amount.
$2 256 205 892.53
Year.
1888..
Amount.
....$1,692,858,984.58
Year.
1898
Amount.
.$1,796,531,995.90
Year.
1908
Amount.
$2.626.806,271.54
1879...
...2,34C,567,232.04
1889..
... 1,619,052,922.23
1899
1,991,927,306.92
2 136 961 091 67
1909
1910
2,639,546.241.04
2 65° 665 838 04
1881...
...2,069,013,569.58
1891...
. 1,545,996,591.61
1901
2,143-.326,933.89
1911
2,765,600,606.69
1882...
1883
...1,918,312,994.03
1 884 171 728 07
1892..
1893 .
... 1,588,464,144.63
... 1,545,985,686.13
1902
1903
2,158,610,445.39
2,202,464.781.89
1912
1913
2,868,373,874.16
2,916,204,913.66
1884...
1885...
1886...
1887...
...1,830,528,923.57
...1,863,964,873.14
.. 1,775,063,013.78
. 1,657,602,592.63
1894..
1895..
1896..
1897..
... 1.632,253,636.68
... 1.676,120,983.25
... 1,769,840,323.40
... 1,817,672,665.90
1904
1905
1906
1907
2.264,003,585.14
2,274,615,063.84
2,337,161.839.04
2.457,188,061.54
1914
1915
1916
1917
2,912,499.269.16
3,058.136.873.16
3.609.244,262.16
5.717,770,279.52
ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT.
JULY l.
Debt on
which in-
terest has
ceased.
Debt bear-
in); no
Interest.*
Outstanding
principal.
Cash in the
treasury.
Total of
debt less cash
in treasury.
Popula-
tion
of the
United
States.
Debt per
capita.
Interes
per
capita.
1890
81,815,805.20
1,014,705.20
2,785,875.20
2,094,060.20
1.851,240.20
1.721.590.20
1.600.890.20
l,340,880.2fi
1.202.080.00
1,218.300.20
1,176,320.20
1,415.020.20
1,280,800.20
1,205,090.26
1,970.920.2(1
1,370,245.20
1.128,135.20
1,086.815.26
$825,011,289.47
933,852,766.35
1.000,648,939.37
958.854,5-25.87
996^60,508.42
958.197,331.99
920,839.543.14
968,960.055.64
947,901.845.04
944,000,250.06
1,112,305,911.41
1.154,770,273.63
1,226.259,245.03
1,286,718.281.03
1,360.875.224.88
1.378.080,478.58
1,140,874.563.78
1.561,266.906.00
$1,552.140.204.73
1,545,996,591.61
1,558,464,144.63
1,545,985,686.13
1,632.253.636.68
1.675,120.983.25
1,709,840,323.40
1,817,672.665.90
1,796.531.995.90
1,991,927,806418
2,136,961.091.67
2,143,326.933.89
2,158,610,445.8!)
2,202,464.781.89
2.264,003,585.14
2,274,615.063.84
2,337,161.839.04
2.457.188,061.54
$661.355.831.20
694,083,839.83
746,937.681.03
707,016.210.8'.)
732.940,256.13
811.061,686.46
953,905,635.51
825,649.705.87
769.446.503.70
836,007,071.73
1,029,249.833.18
1,098,687,818.92
1.189.153.204.85
1,277,453,144.58
1,296,771.811.39
1.365,467,439.06
1,372.726.152.25
1.578,591.306.51
1.088,673,862.16
1,615.084,710.25
1,606,216,662.71
$924,465,218.53
851,912,751.78
841,526,463.60
838,909,475.75
899,313.380.55
804.059.314.78
915,934 ,687.89
992.022.900.03
1.027,085.492.14
1.155,320,236.19
1,107,711.257.89
1,044,739,119.97
969,457.241.04
925,011,037.31
967.231,773.75
909,147,624.78
964,435,686.79
878,596,755.03
938,132,409.38
1,023,861.530.79
1.040,449,185.25
1,015,884,338.40
1,027,574,697.28
1.028,504.055.14
1,027,257,009.56
1,090.148.006.00
989.219,62 1.8S
1,908.635.223.82
62,947.714
63,844,000
65,086,000
06,349.000
67,632,000
08.934.000
70,254,000
71.592.901)
72.947,000
74.318.000
75.'.iy4.575
77,612.509
79,230,563
80,848,557
82,406,551
84.084.545
85.702.539
87.320,033
88.938.527
90.556.521
92.174.515
93.792,509
95,410.503
97,337,000
98.640,491
100.204.485
101,882.479
103.500.473
$14.22
13.34
12.93
12.64
13.30
13.08
13.60
13.78
14.08
15.55
14.58
13.46
12.24
11.44
11.73
11.77
11.25
10.06
10.55
11.31
11.35
10.83
10.77
10.60
10.41
10.87
9.71
18.44
$0.47
.37
.35
.35
.38
.42
.49
.48
.47
.54
.44
.38
.35
.32
.29
.29
.27
.25
.24
.23
.23
.23
.24
.24
.23
.23
.23
.81
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906. . . .
1907
1908
1909
4.130,015.26
2.883.855.26
2,124,895.20
1.879.830.26
1,760.450.26
l.Of.9.550.26
1,552,500.26
l,507.260.2t
1,473.100.26
14.232,230.26
1,725,172.200.28
l,723.344.89r>.78
1,737,223,452.78
1,818,367,586.43
1,9U2,830.653.'.KJ
1.948.618.753.40
1,942.993,398.90
2,080.570.522.90
2.636.208.571.90
2.99J.98S.572.65
2,020,800.271.54
2,639.546.241.04
2.062,605.a38.04
2.765,000.600.69
2.868.373.874.K)
2.916,204,913.61
2,91C,499.209.1b
3.058.130.873.16
3,009,244,262.16
5,717.770,279.52
1910
1911
1,749,816.208.23
1,840,799.170.88
1.887.040.858.52
1.885,242.259.00
1.907,938,867.16
2,020,024,640.31
3.809.135.055.70
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
•Includes certificates issued aga-inst gold, silver and currency deposited in the treasury.
GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS BY FISCAL YEARS.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918.
Ordinary receipts $697.910.827.58 $779.664,552 $1,118,174.126 $3.658,516.510
Ordinary disbursements 731,399,769.11 724.492,999 1,147,898,991 7,874,386,325
Excess of receipts ( + ) or
disbursements (—) — 33,488,931.53 +55.171.553 —
Panama canal receipts 2.869.995
Panama canal disbursem'nts 29,187,042.22 17.503.728
Excess of receipts ( + ) or —
disbursements (— ) — 29.187,042.22
Public debt receipts* 22,486.955:00
Public debt disbursements* 17,253.491.00
Excess of receipts ( + ) or
disbursements (—) + 5,233,464.00 +33,783,490 +1.750.473.018 +9,479,606.781
Special disbursements n.e.s **918,880,315 tt4,803,048.047
Excess of all receipts ( + )
29,724.865 —4.215.839.815
6.150.669 6,036.354:
19.262.798 19.268.099
— 14.633.733 — 13.112.129 — 13.231,745
58.452,403 t2. 428.017,800 $16.694,296,234
24,668.913 §677,544.782 fT7.214.689.453
or all disbursements ( — ) — 57,442.509.75 +74.321,310 + 788,755,709 + 447,487,174
•Issues and redemptions of certificates and
notes not affecting- the cash in g-eneral fund
are excluded from the public debt figures in
this statement.
tlncludes 81.466.335.095, sale of liberty loan
bonds: $918,205,000, sale of certificates of in-
debtedness: and 837.273,045, bank note fund.
tlncludes 87.566.035.812, liberty loan bonds:
,$8.790,732.000. sale of certificates of indebt-
edness; and $307.092,391, sale of war savings
and thrift stamps.
THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement
of Teaching was founded by Andrew Carnegio in
1905 and incorporated by the congress of the
United States in 1906 for the purpose of provid-
ing retiring allowances for teachers and officers
Of universities, colleges and technical schools in
the United States. Canada and Newfoundland,
and. in general, of advancing the profession of
the teacher and the cause of higher education.
In the administration of its endowment, which
now amounts to $15,000.000. the foundation has
fund.
ITIncludes
ilncludes $632,572.268 certificates of indebt-
edness redeemed and $40.564,115 bank note
$7,165.702.228, bonds, interest-
bearing- notes and certificates retired.
* 'Includes $25.000.000. payment for West
Indian islands: $885,000.000, purchase of ob-
ligations of foreign governments: and $8,880.-
3l5, subscription to stock, federal land banks.
t tlncludes $4.738,029.750. purchase of obli-
g-ations of foreign governments.
THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING.
restricted its allowances to professors and offi-
cers in a list of seventy-three institutions, se-
lected for their educational standing, and has
published a series of widely influential reports
and bulletins concerning educational conditions.
The president of the foundation is Henry S.
Pritchett: its trustees are presidents of univer-
sities and colleges and financiers. Further in-
formation may be had , by addressing the secre-
tary. Clyde Furst, 576 5th avenue. New York.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
753
UNITED STATES POSTAL STATISTICS.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
•Tear. Revenue. Expenditures. Deficit.
1850 $5,499,984.86 $5,212,953.43
19,170,609.89 $10,662,542.49
23,998,837.63 4,226,616.98
35,542,803.68
66,259,547.84
107,740,267.99
229,977,224.50
237,648,926.68
248,525,450.08
262,067,540.33
283,558,102.62
298,546,026.42
306,204,033.00
1860 8,518,067.40
1870 19,772,220.65
1880 33,315,479.34
1890 60,882,097.92
1900 102,354,579.29
1910 224.128.657.62
1911 237,879,823.60
1912 246,744,015.88
1913 266,619,525.65
1914 287,934,565.67
1915 287.248,165.27
1916 312,057,689.00
1917 329,726,116.00 319,889.905.00
1918 388,975,962.24 324,833,728.97
•Surplus.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY (1917 AND 1918).
Revenues.
Ordinary postal reve- 1917. 1918.
nues $321,947.584.33 $381,125.450.94
Revenues from money-
order business 6,866,616.15 6,588,609.98
Revenues from postal
savings business 911,905.88 1,261,901.32
3,227,324.34
5,377,449.92
5,385,688.70
5,881,481.95
219,118.12
1,785,523.10
•4,510,650.91
•4,376,463.05
11,333,308.97
*5, 853,656.00
•9,836,211.00
64,142,233.77
Total revenues from
all sources 329.726,116.36 388,975,962.24
Expenditures.
Expenditures on ac-
count of the current
year 306,480,767.43 314,252,279.38
Expenditures on ac-
count of previous
years 13,357.950.97 10,581,449.09
Total during year... 319,838,718.40 324,833,728.47
Excessi of revenues
over expenditures... 9,887,397.96 64,142,233.77
Amount of losses by fire,
burglary, bad debts,
etc
1917.
$51.186.06
1918.
$15,459.69
Surplus in postal rev-
enues 9,836,211.90 »64,126,774.08
•Includes $44,500,000 estimated revenue derived
from increased postage rates on first-class mall
effective Nov. 2. 1317.
Revenues in Detail.
Postal revenues: Sales of stamps,
stamped envelopes, newspaper
wrappers and postal cards $353,969,861.73
Second-class postage (pound rate)
paid in money 11,717,623.97
Third and fourth class postage
paid in money 9,621,303.40
Receipts from box rents 5,409,373.22
Letter postage paid in money 3.63
Receipts from foreign mail transit
service 70,591.71
Miscellaneous receipts 178,203.32
Fines and, penalties 86.780.63
Receipts from unclaimed letters.. 71,709.33
Total postal revenues 381,125,450.94
Money order revenues : Revenues from
domestic and international money
order business. 6,138,197.42
Revenues from invalid money or- '
ders 450,412.56
Total money order business 6,588.609.98
Revenues from postal savings busi-
ness 1,261,901.32
Total revenues from all sources.. 388,975,962.24
UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION FINANCES.
Income account for the Calendar years 1917 and 1916.
Earnings: Before charging interest on bonds and mortgages
of subsidiary companies: 1917 1916
First quarter $78,994,371.04 $63,110,720.2f
Second quarter 90.593,701.88 83,501,065.24
Third quarter 73,007,297.57 88,159,733.30
Fourth quarter 61,567,101.04 108,225,573.63
Total for year *304,161,471.53 342,997,092.44
Less interest on outstanding: bonds and mortgages of the
subsidiary companies 8,869,291.50 9.422,914.94
Balance of earnings 295,292,180,03 333,574,177.50
Less charges and allowances for depreciation applied as fol-
lows:
To depreciation and extraordinary replacement funds and
sinking funds on bonds of subsidiary companies 43,296,038.26 32,762,072.38
To sinking funds on U. S. Steel corporation bonds 7.257,233.41 6,785,540.27
Net income in the year 244,738,908.36 294.026.564.85
Deduct: Interest on U. S. Steel corporation bonds outstanding 21,256,303.17 21,602.852.90
Premium paid on bonds redeemed:
On subsidiary companies' bonds 117,914.50 46,277.11
On U. S. Steel corporation bonds 745.933.69 870.673.57
Balance 222.618.757.00 271.406,761.27
Add: Net balance of sundry charges and credits, including
adjustments of various accounts 1,600,807.54
Balance 224,219,564.54 271,531,730.38
Dividends on U. S. Steel corporation stocks:
Preferred, 7 percent 25,219,677.00 25,219.677.00
Common: 1917. regular 5 per cent, extra 13 per cent; A^et Attain
1916, regular 5 per cent, extra 3% per cent 91.494.450.00
Net income 107,505,437.54 201,835,584.63
Less, appropriated from net income on account of expendi-
tures made and to be made on authorized appropriations __ nn/. nnn nn
for additional property, new plants and construction Sj.OOO.OUU.QU
Balance carried to undivided surplus 52.505,437.54 201,835.584.63
•Balance of earnings after making allowances for estimated amount of federal income and
war fiToesa profits taxes.
754
ALMANAC AND YEAS-COOK FOR, 1919.
THE PANAMA CANAL.
CANAL STATISTICS (OFFICIAL).
Length from deep water to deep water— 50.5 miles.
Length on land — 40.5 miles.
Length at summit level— 31.7 miles.
Bottom width of channel— Maximum, 1,000 feet:
minimum (in Gaillard cut), 300 feet.
Depth — Minimum, 41 feet; maximum, 45 feet.
Summit level — 85 feet above mean tide.
Locks in pairs— 12.
Locks, usable length— 1.000 feet.
Locks, usable width— 110 feet.
Gatun lake, area— 164 square miles.
Gatun lake, channel depth — 85 to 45 feet.
Concrete required — 5,000,000 cubic yards.
Time of transit through canal— 10 to 12 hours.
Time of passage through locks — 3 hours.
Length of relocated Panama railroad — 46.2 miles.
Canal Zone area — About 448 square miles.
Canal Zone area owned by United States— About
322 square miles.
French buildings acquired— 2.150.
French buildings used— 1,537.
Value of utilized French equipment — $1.000.000.
Cubic yards excavated by French— 108,046,960.
Cubic yards excavated by Americans— 250,000,000.
Canal force, average at work— About 39.000.
Approximate cost of construction— $375,000.000.
PANAMA CANAL OFFICIALS.
Governor — Col. Chester Harding, U. S. A.
Executive Secretary — C. A. Mcllvalne.
Chief Division of Civil Affairs— Crede H. Cal-
houn.
Chief Division of Police and Fire — Guy Johannes.
District Attorney— Charles R. Williams.
Department Headquarters— Balboa Heights, Canal
Zone.
Electrical Engineer — Lieut.-Col. T. H. Dillon,
U. 8. A.
Marine Superintendent— Commander Leonard R.
Sargent. U. S. N.
Resident Engineer, Division of Dredging— W. G.
Comber.
Superintendent Mechanical Division— R. D. Gate-
wood, U. S. N.
Resident 'Engineer Building Division— Hartley
Rowe.
Chief Quartermaster— R. K. Morris.
Auditor— H. A. A. Smith.
Chief Health Officer— Maj. A. T. McCormack,
U. S. A.
Chief Quarantine Officer— Dr. M. C. Guthrie, U.
S. P. H. S.
Washington Office.
General Purchasing Officer and Chief of Office—
A. L. Flint.
Assistant to Chief of Office— Ray L. Smith.
Courts.
District Judge — John W. Hanan.
Clerk— E. L. Goolsby.
CHRONOLOGY.
First exploration of route 1527.
Advocated by Humboldt 1803
Panama railroad built 1850-1855.
Panama canal company formed by DeLesseps 1879
Work on canal begun Feb. 24. 1881.
Canal company failed Dec. 11, 1888.
De Lesseps and others sentenced to prison for
fraud Feb. 9. 1893.
New French canal company formed October. 1894
De Lesseps died Dec. 7, 1894.
Hay-Pauncefote treaty superseding the Clayton-
Bulwer treaty signed Nov. 18. 1901: ratified by
senate Dec. 16: ratified by Great Britain Jan.
20. 1902.
Canal property offered to the United States for
$40,000.000 Jan. 9. 1902: accepted Feb. 16, 1903.
Bill authorizing construction of canal passed by
house of representatives Jan. 9, 1902; passed by
senate June 19. 1902: approved June 28. 1902.
Canal treaty with Colombia signed Jan. 22. 1903:
ratified by Senate March 17, 1903; rejected by
Colombia Aug. 12. 1903.
Revolution in Panama Nov. 3. 1903.
Canal treaty with Panama negotiated Nov. 18.
1903: ratified by republic of Panama Dec. 2. 1903-
ratified by United States senate Feb. 23. 1904.
Canal commissioners appointed Feb. 29. 1904.
Papers transferring canal to the United States
signed in Paris April 22. 1904.
Bill for government of Canal Zone passed by
the senate April 15. 1904; passed by the house
April 21: approved April 26.
Canal property at Panama formally turned over
to the United States commissioners 'May 4. 1904.
Work begun by Americans May 4, 1904.
President outlines rules for the government of
the Canal Zone and war department takes
charge of the work May 9. 1904.
Gen. George W. Davis appointed first governor
of Canal Zone May 9. 1504.
John F. Wallace appointed chief engineer May
10. 1904: resigned June 29. 1905.
Republic of Panama paid $10,000,000 May 21, 1904.
First payment on $40,000,000 to French canal com-
pany made May 24. 1904.
Lorin C. Collins appointed Supreme court judge
for Canal Zone June 17. 1905.
New commission with Theodore P. Shonts as
chairman named April 3, 1905; Shonts resigned
March 4. 1907.
John F. Stevens appointed chief engineer June
29. 1905: resigned Feb. 26. 1907.
Lieut.-Col. George W. Goethals appointed chief
engineer Feb. 26. 1907.
Gatun dam finished. June 14. 1913.
Dry excavation completed. Sept. 10. 1913.
First vessel lifted through Gatun locks. Sept.
26. 1913.
Gamboa dike blown up, Oct. 10, 1913.
First vessels pass through Miraflores locks. Oct.
14. 1913.
Permanent organization of canal administration
in effect April 1, 1914; Col. George W. Goe-
thals first governor; existence of isthmian ca-
nal commission ended.
First freight barges go through canal from ocean
to ocean May 14, 1914.
First steamship (the Cristobal) passes through
canal Aug. 13, 1914.
Canal opened for general traffic Aug. 15, 1914.
Canal blocked by slides, September, 1915, to
April. 1916.
TRAFFIC STATISTICS.
Fiscal years ended June 30.
1914-15. 1916. 1917.
Number vessels 1,088 787 1,876
Net tonnage 3,843,035 2,479,761 6.009,358
Tons of cargo 4,969,792 3,140,046 7,229,255
Tolls $4,358,002 $2,399,830 $5,631,781
Information as to traffic through the canal since
June 30, 1918, withheld by the government for
military reasons.
REVENUES AND EXPENSES.
Year. Revenue. Expense.
1914-15 $4,358,002.37 $4.289,159.00
1916 .. .: 2.558.542.38 6,999,750.15
1917 5.808,398.70 6.788,047.60
LABOR FORCE.
April 24, 1918. the actual working force on the
canal was 20,939, of whom 17,620 were silver
and 3,319 gold employes, the latter being almost,
exclusively white Americans.
CANAL ZONE.
The Canal Zone contains about 448 square
miles and in June, 1918, had a total population of
21,707. It begins at a point three marine miles
from mean low water mark in each ocean and
extends for five miles on each side of the center
line of the route of the canal. It includes the
group of islands in the Bay of Panama, named
Perico. Naos, Culebra and Flamenco. The cities
of Panama and Colon nre excluded from the
zone, but the United States has the right to en-
force sanitary ordinances and maintain public
order there in case the republic -of Panama
should not be able to do so.
PANAMA RAILROAD.
The Panama railroad and the steamships run
in connection with it between New York and
Colon are owned and operated by the United
States government. It practically parallels the
canal nearly the whole distance. It is 46% miles
long and runs between the cities of Colon and
Panama.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
755
UNITED STATES PENSION STATISTICS.
PENSIONS AND PENSIONERS BY YEARS
SINCE 1866.
Paid as No. of pen-
pensions. Expenses. Total, sioners.
1866.. $15.450,549.88 $407.165.00 $15.857.714.88 126.722
1867.. 20.784.789.69 490,977.35 21,275.767.04 155.474
1868.. 23.101,509.36 553.020.34 23,654,529.70 169.643
1869.. 28.513.247.27 564.526.81 29,077.774.08 187,963
1870.. 29.351.488.78 600.997.86 29,952.486.64 198686
1871.. 28,518.792.62 863,079.00 29.381,871.62 207.495
1872.. 29.752.746.81 951.253.00 30,703,999.81 232.229
1873.. 26.982.063.89 1.003.200.64 27.985.264.53 238,411
1874.. 30.206.778.99 966.794.13 31.173.572.12 236.241
1875.. 29.270.404.76 982,695.35 30.253.100.11 234,821
1876.. 27.936.209.53 1.015.078.81 28,951,288.34 232,137
1877.. 28.182,821.72 1,034.459.33 29,217.281.05 232,104
1878.. 26.786.009.44 1,032.500.09 27,818,509.53 223.998
1879.. 32.664.428.92 837.734.14 34,502,163.06 242,755
1880.. 56.689.229.08 935.027.28 57,624,256.36 250.802
1881.. 50.583.405.35 1,072.059.64 51,655,464.99 268.830
1882.. 54.313.172.05 1.466.236.01 55.779.408.06 285,697
1883.. 60,427,573.81 2,591.648.29 63,019,222.10 303,658
1884.. 57,912.387.47 2,835,181.00 60,747.568.47 322,756
1885.. 65.171.937.12 3.392,576.34 68,564,513.46 345.125
1886.. 64.091.142.90 3.245.016.61 67,336.159.51 365.783
1887.. 73,752.997.08 3.753,400.91 77,506,397.99 406,007
1888.. 78,950.501.67 3,515.057.27 82,465.558.94 452.557
1889.. 88.842.720.58 3.466,968.40 92.309.688.98 489,725
1890.. 106.093,850.39 3,526.382.13 109.620.232.52 537,944
1891.. 117.312. 690. 50 4.700.636.44 122.013.326.94 676.160
1892. .139.394,147. 11 4.898,665.80 144,292.812.91 876,068
1893.. 156,906,637.94 4,867,734.42 161,774,372.36 966,012
1894. .139,986.726.17 3.963.976.31 143.950,702.48 969,544
1895.. 139,812.294. 30 4.338.020.21 144.150.314.51 970.524
1896.. 138.220.704.46 3.991,375.61 142.212,080.07 970.678
1897.. 139.949,717. 35 3,987.783.07 143.937,500.42 976,014
1898.. 144.651. 879.80 4,114,091.46 148.765.971.26 993.714
1899.. 138.355.052.95 4,147.517.73 142.502.570.68 991.519
1900.. 138.462,130.65 3.841.706.74 142,303.887.39 993,529
1901.. 138,531,483. 84 3,868,795.44 142.400,279.28 997.735
1902.. 137.504.267.99 3.831.378.96 141.335.646.95 999.446
1903.. 137.759, 653.71 3,993,216.79 141,752.870.50 996.545
1904.. 141.093.571.49 3,849,366.25 144.942,937.74 994.762
1905. .141.142.861. 33 3.721.832.82 144,864.694.15 998.441
1906.. 139. 000,288.25 3.523,269.51 142.523.557.76 985.971
1907.. 138.155. 412. 46 3.309,110.44 141.464.522.90 967.371
1908.. 153.093,086.27 2.800.963.36 155.894,049.63 951.687
1909.. 161.973.703.77 2.852.583.73 164.826.287.50 946.194
1910.. 159,974,056.08 2,657,673.86 162,631,729.94 921,083
1911.. 157,325,160.35 2,517,127.06 159,842,287.41 892,098
1912.. 162.986.433.72 2.448,857.31 155.435.291.03 860.294
1913.. 174.171, 660. 80 2,543,246.59 176,714.907.39 820.200
1914.. 172.417.546.26 2.066.507.15 174.484.053.41 785.239
1915.. 165,518,266.14 1,779,860.30 167,298,126.44 748,147
1916.. 159.155,090.00 1,656.722.33 160,811,812.33 709.572
1917.. 160,895,054.00 1.562,854.96 162,457.908.90 673,111
1918.. 179,835,328.75 1,527,615.61 181,362,944.36 646,895
Totals.
Paid In pensions' $5,298,915,665.46
Expenses 134,465,525.99
Pensions and expenses 5,433,381,191.45
Number of pensioners
INTERESTING FACTS AND FIGURES.
The following: information regarding- mat-
ters connected with the payment of pensions
is ol general interest:
Total pensioners on roll June 30:
1917 673,111
1918 646,895
Invalids 340.313
Widows 298,035
Dependents 4,866
Minors 2,586
Helpless children 932
Nurses 163
Civil war soldiers on roll June 30 :
1917 329,226
1918 298,808
Civil war widows on roll June 30:
1917 284.216
1918 288.815
Number of deaths (civil war sol-
diers) :
1917 33,232
1918 30,466
Widows, minor children and de-
pendents : •
1917 20,130
1918 18.412
The largest number oi civil war
soldiers on the roll was in 1898 745,822
The largest number of civil war
widows on the roll was in 1912 304,373
War of 1812 widows surviving
June 30. 1918 99
War with Mexico, June 30. 1918 :
Survivors 289
Widows 3,064
War with Spain :
Total number of priginal claims
allowed by pension bureau 39.694
Number on rolls June 30, 1918 27,513
Changres of postofflce addresses of
pensioners :
1917 130,164
1918 128,937
Employes at the beginning: of the
fiscal year:
1917 1,115
1918 1.091
Volumes in military library:
1917 1,695
1918 1,745
Total pieces of mail handled in
1918 :
Incoming 827,262
Outgoing 3,563,696
Inclosures' 1.018.187
Cases acted on under act of Mar.
3, 1899 (division of pension
between husband and wife),
1918 2,263
Cases acted on under act of Aug.
8, 1882 (to wife where hus-
band is insane or imprisoned),
1918 82
Cases under guardianship, 1918. . 7,964
Amount of fees paid to attorneys,
1918 $123.291
Income, ref undmen{s, etc. :
For addresses, certified copies',
etc. (act Aug. 24, 1912) $911.36
Refundments to pension appro-
priations 7,324.42
Miscellaneous 832.65
Total 9.068.43
Reimbursements :
Amount allowed, expenses of last
sickness and burial, for 1917.8226,982.56
Amount allowed, expenses of last
sickness and burial, for 1918. 237,113.35
Medal-of-honrtr roll (act April 27,
1916):
Total number entered on roll. . . 357
PENSIONERS ON THE ROLL JUNE 30, 1918,
AND JUNE 30, 1917.
Classes. 1918. 1917.
Regular establishment:
Invalids 15,233 15,702
Widows 2,953 2,96;:
Minor children 255 237
Mothers 1,228 1,209
Fathers 162 166
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters
Helpless children 5 5
Civil war:
Act Feb. 6, 1907—
Survivors 1,024 1,345
Act May 11. 1912—
Survivors 266,443 291,268
General law —
Invalids 30,920 36,076
Nurses 163 211
Widows 45,323 47,491
Minor children 100 119
Mothers 248 329
Fathers 18 27
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters 636 643
Helpless children 417 430
756
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Classes. 1918. 1917.
Act June 27, 1890— Invalids 421 537
Minor children 2,083 2,627
Insular 1
Guam
possessions.
No.
2
59
47
26
Amount.
$528.00
15.396.18
13,061.33
7,225.40
Act April 19, 1908—
Widows without children . 240,661 234,069
Widows with children. . . . 2,831 2,656
War with Spain: Invalids 23,538 24,060
Widows 1,264 1,287
Hawaii
Philippines
Porto Rico
Total
134
Countries.
1
10
84
26
4
3
1
15
7
1
1
5
9
2
2,081
1
2
10
13
3
3
38
46
1
2
1
1
375
7
56
357
7
2
3
3
2
6
350
3
61
33
5
1
1
43
10
6
15
2
62
4
10
1
1
2
1
10
1
66
1
1
1
5
4
1
69
59
1
1
7
1
1
26
36,210.91
$247.13
2,777.79
23,351.16
Foreign
Alg-eria
Minor children 147 159
Mothers 2.231 2.407
Brothers, sisters, sons and
daughters
Argentina
Australia
Austria-Hungary* ....
Helpless children 5 5
War of 1812: Widows 99 109
War with Mexico: Survivors 289 384
Widows 3 063 3 422
Azores
Bahamas
1,327.13
895.13
144.00
Barbados
Belgium*
Brothers, sisters, sons and
Bermuda
Bolivia
1,945.93
360.00
168.00
1,296.80
2,601.99
Indian wars: Survivors . . . 2,421 564
Widows 1,817 1,743
Brazil
British West Indies...
Bulgaria*
War of 1917: Invalids 24
Widows 24
Minor children L
Mothers 7
Cape de Verde islands
Ceylon
285.47
579.67
2,542.26
3,613.87
» 535.13
120.00
684.00
10,326.17
12.420.02
204.00
432.00
169.13
283.13
103,500.00
1,416.92
15,120.00
Total 646,895 673,111
Chile
China
PENSIONERS BY STATES AND COUNTRIES.
. Fiscal year 1918.
States. • No. Amount.
Alabama . 2,552 $709,200.82
Colombia
Comoro islands
Costa Rica
Cuba
Denmark
Dominican Republic. . .
Dutch West Indies
Alaska .. 63 17,507.77
Arizona .. 708 196,753.25
Arkansas ., 6,959 1,933,906.18
Egypt . .
California 22,861 6,353,071.94
Colorado 6,369 1,769,945.10
Finland
Connecticut 7,905 2,196,799.53
Delaware 2,055 .571,084.56
District of Columbia.. 7,101 2,023,367.90
Florida ., 4,018 1.116,602.27
Greece
1,854.39-
274.67
564.00
967.13
756.00
264.00
1.673.20
97,296.50
521.13
16,951.90
9,173.67
1,565.63
144.00
144.00
12,149.70
2,184.60
1,628.42
5,168.50
457.13
17,229.80
939.67
2,670.84
Georgia 2,367 657,789.39
Guatemala
Idaho 1,772 492,438.11
Haiti
Illinois ., 44,614 12,402,562.73
Indiana 38,481 10,693,809.90
Iowa . 21,983 6,109,075.72
India ... .
Kansas . 25,588 7,110,905.23
Kentucky ., . 16,871 4,688,450.90
Louisiana .. . 4,243 1,179,129.74
Italy .
Maine . . 11,269 3,131,655.18
Japan .
Maryland 9,829 2,731,479.21
Massachusetts 26,956 7,491,072.44
Malta
Michigan 27,095 7,529,700.50
Mauritius
Minnesota 10,038 2,789,5(50.26
Mexico
Mississippi . 3,169 880,665.46
Netherlands
Missouri ., .. 31,187 »8,666, 867.30
Newfoundland
Montana .. 1,871 519,950.95
New Zealand
Nebraska .. , 11,351 3,154,442.99
Nicaragua
Nevada . 315 87,538.50
Norway
New Hampshire 5,183 1,440,355.72
Panama
New Jersey .. . 16,284 4,525,323.63
New Mexico .. 1,499 416,572.77
Pitcairn island *
New York . .. 54,022 15,062,713.84
Poland* . . .
North Carolina 2,870 797,573.00
Portugal ...
523.13
North Dakota 2,316 646,616.44
Roumania*
Ohio 61,282 17,080,367.83
Russia
2.779.00
96.00
18,341.40
Oklahoma 9,005 2,502.489.57
Samoa ...
Oregon 6,162 1,712,419.80
Scotland
Pennsylvania 59.971 16,716,218.88
Serbia*
Rhode Island 3,542 984,321.72
Seychelles island
Siam
144.00
135.00
1.483.13
1,130.15
South Carolina 1,339 372,108.13
South Dakota 4,261 1,184,131.98
South Africa
Tennessee .. . 13,397 3,723,026.33
Spain
St Helena*
Texas . 6,639 1,844,978.56
Utah . 811 225,376.91
Sweden
19,175.10
16,396.09
360.00
295.60
1.520.23
Vermont . . 5,168 1,436,197.28
Switzerland
Virginia 6.881 1,912,229.96
Tasmania
Washing-ton 7 867 2,186,239.33
Tonga islands
West Virginia 8,363 2,324,477.35
Turkey in Asia
Wisconsin 15,626 4.342.465.48
Wyoming 625 173,687.55
Uruguay*
Venezuela
288.00
7.225.41
Total 042 703 178 815 285 89
Total
4,057
983.687.96
Canni Zone . . 144.00
•No navments.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919. 757
COST OF LIVING IN '
RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD.
According to the bureau of labor statistics
of the United States department of labor, all
lood combined showed an increase in price of
39 per cent for the five-year period July 15,
1913, to July 15, 1918. For every article for
which prices are secured by the bureau there
was an increase of 60 per cent and more in
the five years and for four articles the in-
crease exceeded 100 per cent, as follows:
Meal, 123 per cent; potatoes, 105 per cent;
lard, 104 per cent; flour, 103 per cent. The
following table' shows the average retail prices
of certain articles of food on July 15 of
1917 and 1918 and the per cent of increase
( + ) in 1918 as compared with 1913. Where
the relative price in 1918 is not shown it is
because the prices for the articles in question
were not secured by the bureau in 1913 :
Article. 1917. 1918. 1918.
Sirloin steak $0 327 $0 421 + 59
DHE UNITED STATES.
Article. 1917. 1918. 1918.
Salmon, canned 266 296
Eggs 420 .491 + 64
Butter 459 526 + 52
Cheese .330 335
Milk Ill .132 + 50
Bread 088 087 + 74
Flour 072 .067 +103
Cornmeal 059 .067 +123
Rice 106 129
Potatoes 043 .039 +105
Onions 051 .053
Beans, navy 195 .173
Prunes 160 167
Raisins 148 .151 ....
Sugar 091 .092 + 70
Coffee 306 .301 . . .
Tea 599 653 . . .
All combined + 69
The unit for each article is one pound ex-
cept as to eggs, where it is one dozen, bread
a loaf of 16 ounces and milk one quart.
DUN'S INDEX NUMBER.
According to the index number compiled by
Dun's Review the general level of prices as de-
termined by wholesale commodity quotations
was nearly 93 per cent higher on Sept. 1,
1918, than at the beginning of the European
war. Monthly comparisons of Dun's index
number for the first nine months of 1918 fol-
low:
Round steak 306 .403 + 73
Rib roast 257 .333 + 66
Chuck roast 219 .291
Plate beef 165 .224 .....
Pork chops 316 .379 + 75
Bacon 429 .523 + 88
Ham 396 487 + 73
Lard 274 325 +104
Lamb 299 .373 + 89
Hens 280 .380 + 75
Bread. Dairy and
Month. stuffs. Meat. garden.
Jan 1.. ..$54.276 $19.292 $27.416
Other Miscel-
food. Clothing. Metals, laneous. Total.
$18.744 $40.880 $29.273 $32.294 $222.175
18.848 42.384 29.584 32.858 227.020
19.194 42.213 29.914 33.118 ' 227.977
20.326 43.322 29.508 33.720 230.313
21.414 43.450 29.880 34.420 226.665
21.096 44.707 29.936 34.556 224.843
21.929 45.238 30.170 35.349 232.575
22.307 44.285 30.345 35.735 232.058
22.491 44.739 30.609 36.056 232.882
Feb 1 . . 54.001 20.577 28.768
March 1.. . 55.498 20.917 27.123
April 1 57.036 22.246 24.155
May 1 51.328 22.467 23.706
June 1 48.360 22.862 23.826
July 1 51.420 23.719 24.750
Aug 1 51.620 23.085 24.681
Sept. 1 50.314 23.664 25.009
Breadstuffs include quotations of wheat.
corn, oats, rye and barley, besides beans and
peas; meats include live hogs, beef, sheep and
various provisions, lard, tallow, etc.; dairy
and garden include butter, eggs, vegetables
and fruits; other foods include fish, liquors,
condiments, sugar, rice, tobacco, etc.; clothing
includes the raw material of each industry,
and many quotations of woolen, cotton and
other textile goods, as well as hides and
leather; metals include various quotations 'of
pig iron and partially manufactured and fin-
ished products, as well as minor metals, coal
and petroleum. The miscellaneous class em-
braces many grades of hard and soft lumber,
lath, brick, lime, glass, turpentine, hemp, lin-
seed oil, paints, fertilizers and drugs.
ANNALIST COMPUTATION.
The New York Annalist's "Curve in the Cost
of Living," or index number, which shows the
fluctuations in the average wholesale price of
twenty-five food commodities selected and ar-
ranged to represent a theoretical family's food
budget, indicated that prices rose steadily from
January to May. 1917. when there was a de-
cline, followed by a gradual rise until Oct. 1,
1918. The index number published Oct. 28,
1918. showed:
Base— averages 1890-99=100 per cent.
Weekly Averages.
Oct. !>6. 1918.. 281.489 I Oct. 28. 1916.. 196.512
Oct. 27. 1917.. 277.481 |
Yearly Averages.
1918* 286.822 1914 146.009
1917 261.796
1916 175.720
1915 148.055
1896 80.006
1890 109.252
*To Oct. 26.
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE
BOARD REPORT.
The national industrial conference board,
an organization formed in November. 1916. to
improve industrial conditions, in October. 1918.
announced the results of its study of the
changes that had affected the wage earner's
household budget since the beginning of the
war in 1914. This budget was divided into
five heads — food, shelter, clothing, fuel and
light and sundries. The board summed up its
findings in this way:
"Taking into consideration all ol the factors
in the problem, the evidence points strongly to
the conclusion that for the great majority
of American communities the average increase
in the cost of living between July, 1914, and
June, 1918. lies between 50 per cent and 55
per cent. Clothing showed the most marked
advance of any of the major items in the
budget — 77 per cent — but quantitatively this is
less important than the 62 per cent increase
in the cost of food, since food represents about
43 per cent of the average expenditure, while
clothing represents only 13 per cent."
In its calculations the board considered the
family expenditure as distributed on the fol-
lowing basis: Food. 43.1 per cent: rent. 17.7
per cent: clothing, 13.2 per cent: fuel and
light, 5.6 per cent; sundries, 20.4. The
percentage of increase in cost during the .war
period to June, 1918, was: Food, 62 per cent:
rent, 15 per cent; clothing, 77 per cent; fuel
and light, 45 per cent, and sundries, 50 per
cent. The percentage distribution of expendi-
tures reflected the expenditures of 11,000 fam-
ilies.
758
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
DAYLIGHT SAVING LAW AND NEW TIME ZONES.
An act to save daylight and to provide
standard time for the United States.
Be it enacted, etc.. That for the purpose
of establishing- the standard time of the United
States, the territory of continental United
States shall be divided into five zones in
the manner hereinafter provided. The stand-
ard time of the first zone shall be based on
the mean astronomical time of the seventy-
fifth degree of longitude west from Green-
wich; that of the second gone on the nine-
tieth degree; that of the third zone on the
105th degree; that of the fourth zone on the
120th degree; and that of the fifth zone,
which shall include only Alaska, on the 150th
degree. That the limits of each zone shall be
defined by an order of the interstate com-
merce commission, liaving regard for the con-
venience of commerce and the existing1 junc-
tion points and division points of common
carriers engag-ed in commerce between the sev-
eral states and with foreign nations, and such
order may be modified from time to time.
standard time of each zone shall be advanced
one hour, and at 2 o'clock antemeridian of
the last Sunday in October in each year the
standard time of each zone shall, by the re-
tarding of one hour, be returned to the mean
astronomical time of the degree of longitude
governing; said zone, so that between the last
Sunday in March at 2 o'clock antemeridian
and the last Sunday in October at 3 o'clock
antemeridian in each year the standard time
in each zone shall be one hour in advance
of the mean astronomical time of the degree
of longitude governing each zone, respectively.
Sec. 4. That the standard time of the first
zone shall be known and designated as United
States standard eastern time: that of the sec-
ond zone shall be known and designated as
United States standard central time; that of
the third zone shall be known and designated
as United States standard mountain time; that
of the fourth zone shall be known and desig-
nated as United States standard Pacific time;
and that of the fifth zone shall be known and
STANDARD TIME ZONES AS FIXED BY INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION IN 1918.
Sec. 2. That within the respective zone cre-
ated under the authority hereof the standard
time of the zone shall govern the movement
of all common carriers engaged in commerce
between the several states or between a state
and any of the territories of the United States,
or between a state or the, territory of Alaska
and any of the insular possessions of the
United States or any foreign country. In all
statutes, orders, rules, and regulations relat-
ing1 to the time of performance of any act by
any officer or department of the United States,
whether in the legislative, executive, or
judicial branches of the government, or relat-
ing to the time within which any rights shall
accrue or determine, or within which any act
shall or shall not be performed by any per-
son subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States, it shall be understood and intended
that the time shall be the United States stand-
ard time of the zone within which the act i8
to be performed.
Sec. 3. That at 2 o'clock antemeridian ol
the last Sunday in March of each year the
designated as United States standard Alaska
time.
Sec. 5. That all acts and parts of acts in
conflict herewith are hereby repealed. (Ap-
proved March 19. 1918.)
NEW TIME ZONES FIXED.
In accordance with the foregoing act of con-
gress the interstate commerce commission is-
sued an order on March 28 temporarily con-
tinuing the old time zones. Hearings were
given in the course of the summer to those
interested, experts were consulted and finally
on Oct. 24 a formal order was issued prescrib-
ing: new time zone limits for the entire United
States to go into effect Jan. 1, 1919.
EASTERN-CENTRAL BOUNDARY LINE.
The boundary line between the eastern and
central time zones as fixed by the commission
runs from east of Port Huron, Mich., along1
the international boundary line through the
St. Clair river. Lake St. Clair. Detroit river
and then runs in a southerly direction through
Toledo, Fremont. Clyde, Bellevue, Monroeville.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
759
Willard, Shelby Junction. Galion, Marion. Co-
lumbus, Lancaster. Dundas and Gallipolis.
Ohio; Hunting-ton, Kenova and Williamson, W
Va. : Duncannon, Va.; Bristol, Va.-Tenn.
Telford. Tenn. ; Asheville and Franklin, N. C.
Atlanta, McDonough, Macon, Perry, Americus
Albany and Thomasville, Ga.: the north boun
dary of Florida to River Junction and the
Apalachicola river to the Gulf of Mexico.
The following-named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the eastern
and central time zones are considered as with-
in the United States standard eastern zone:
Fremont, Clyde,. Bellevue, Monroeville, Willard,
Shelby. Shelby Junction, Galion, Lancaster,
Dundas, and Gallipolis, Ohio: Duncannon, Va.;
Bristol. Va.-Tenn.; Asheville and Franklin. N.
C.; points on Southern Railway, McDonough,
Ga.. to Macon, Ga.: Perry, and Thomasville,
Ga. .
All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the eastern and central
time zones not specifically named, are con-
sidered as within the United States standard
central time zone.
CENTRAL-MOUNTAIN BOUNDARY LINE.
Between central and mountain time the line
begins at the Canadian boundary. Portal, N.
D., running' through Minot and Goodall, N. D.:
and following1 the Missouri river to Pierre,
S, D., then through Murdo Mackenzie, S. D.;
Long Pine, North Platte. McCook and Repub-
lican Junction, Neb.: Phillipsburgr, PJainville.
Ellis. Dodgre City and Liberal, Kas.; Waynoka,
Clinton and Sayre, Okla.: Sweetwater, Big1
Springs and San Angelo. Tex., and the 100th
meridian to the Rio Grande river.
The following-named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the central
and mountain time zones are considered as
within the United States standard central time
zone; Portal, Flaxton, and Minot, N. D.;
Murdo Mackenzie, S. D.; Phillip sburg, Stock-
ton, Plainville, Ellis, and Liberal, Kas.:
Waynoka, Ralph, and Sayre, Okla.: Sweet-
water, Big- Springs, and San Angelo, Tex.
All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the central and moun-
tain time zones not specifically named are con-
sidered as within United States standard moun-
tain time zone.
MOUNTAIN-PACIFIC BOUNDARY LINE.
Between mountain and Pacific time zones the
line is fixed following the eastern boundary
of the Blackfeet Indian reservation in Mon-
tana, and the continental divide, to Helena.
Butte, and Dillon, Mont.; Pocatello, Idaho, and
the Oregon short line to Ogden and Salt Lake
City, Utah; thence the Los Angeles and Salt
Lake railroad and the west and south boun-
daries to the 113th meridian; thence to Selig-
man and Parker. Ariz., and along1 the Colorado
river to the Mexican boundary.
All municipalities on the boundary between
mountain and Pacific time zones will use
Mountain standard time.
ALASKA AND HAWAII.
AH of Alaska is left within a single time
zone, the commission holding it cannot deal
with this matter, nor with the omission of
the Hawaiian islands from the terms of the
daylight saving act.
LIQUORS AND SPIRITS PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES.
Barrels.
Fermented liquor.. 60,817.379
Distilled spirits. Gallons.
Whisky 67,651.834
Rum 2.842.922
Gin . , 5,756,667
High wines 167,267
Alcohol 145.535,791
Commercial alcohol 65,879,886
Fruit brandy 8,251,097
Total 286.085.464
BY STATES.
State. Spirit g-allons.
Cal. and Nevada.. . . 17,851,482
Colorado and Wyo. 260
Connecticut 132,054
Hawaii 14,015
Illinois 79.320,617
Indiana 43,361,276
Kentucky 36,441,778
La. and Miss 26,545,833
Maryland 24.965,321
Dist. of Columbia.. 608,812
Massachusetts 13.511,238
Michigan 819,908
Missouri 289.660
Year ended June 30, 1917.
State. Spirit gallons.
Mont., Idaho. Utah 244,772
Nebraska 2,938,594
New Jersey 54,494
N. Mex. and Ariz.. 315
New York 13.856,054
Ohio .: 10,114,573
Pennsylvania 12,190.764
Rhode Island 224
South Carolina 1,159,309
Texas 13,905
Vinrinia 122,957
Wisconsin 2.527.249
Total 286,085,464
State. Liauors, barrels.
Alaska 8,728
Arizona 122
California 1,542,876
Colorado 707
Connecticut 1,019.572
Delaware 158,705
Dist. of Columbia. 161,791
Florida 29.463
Hawaii 44,781
Illinois 6.223,097
Indiana 1,548.645
Kentucky 673,272
State. Liquors, barrels.
La. and Miss ,\ 514,361
Maine 866
Maryland 1,164,121
Massachusetts 2,518,887
Michigan 2.238,521
Minnesota 1,539,321
Missouri 3.434,174
Montana 319,313
Nebraska 362,354
Nevada ..'. 14,869
New Hampshire... 268,564
New Jersey 3,402,420
New Mexico. . . 9,657
New York 13,198,400
Ohio 5,458,868
Oklahoma 187
Oregon 6,265
Pennsylvania 8.174,457
Rhode Island 680,558
South Dakota 50.636
Tennessee 32.999
Texas 755.582
Utah 164,126
Virginia 54.182
Wisconsin 4,919,014
Wyoming 22.948
Total 60.847.379
SENATOR LA FOLLETTE CENSURED.
United States Senator Robert M. LaFollette.
whose stand on the war with Germany had
caused widespread dissatisfaction not only
throughout the country but particularly
in his own state, Wisconsin, many of the
people of which felt that he misrepresented
them and caused the loyalty of the state to be
questioned, was censured at an extra session of
the assembly in Madison Feb. 25-March 6,
1918. The senate, which was the first to act,
passed Feb. 5, by a vote of 26 to 3, the fol-
lowing resolution:
"The people of the state of Wisconsin have
stood and always will stand squarely behind
the present war to a successful end. We con-
demn Senator Robert M. LaFollette and all
others who have failed to see the righteous-
ness of our nation's cause and have failed to
support our g-overnment in matters vital to
the winning1 of the war. And we denounce
any attitude or utterance of theirs which haa
tended to incite sedition among1 the people of
our country and to injure Wisconsin's fair
name before the free peoples of the earth."
Through the maneuvers of a number of L-a-
Follette's friends in the lower houso a dead-
lock prevented action until March 6. when the
senate resolution was adopted by a vote of
53 to 32.
760
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
[From census report for 1910.]
Occupation. Total. Men. Women.
Actors 28,297 16.305 11.992
Agents, general 50,785 48,495 2,290
Agents, insurance 88,463 85,926 2,637
Agents, railway station 24,138 22,930 1,208
Agents, real estate 125,862 122,935 2,927
Architects 16,613 16.311 302
Artists 34.104 18,675 15,429
Authors 4,368 2,310 2,058
Baggagemen 12,273 12.273
Bakers 89,531 84,752 4,779
Bankers 56,059 54,387 1,672
Barbers, hairdressers. .. 195,275 172,977 22,298
Bartenders 101,234 100.984 250
Blacksmiths 240,519 240.488 31
Boarding house keepers 165.452 23.052 142.400
Boilermakers 44.761 44,761
Bookkeepers 486.700 299,545 187.155
Brakemen 92.572 92.572
Brokers, commercial 24,009 23,690 319
Brokers, stock 13.729 13.522 207
Builders 174,422 173,573 849
Butchers 124.048 122.757 1.291
Cabinetmakers 41.892 41.884 8
Candymakers 30,943 13,608 17.335
Canvassers 18,595 13,980 4,615
Carpenters 817,120 817.082 38
Carriage drivers 35.375 35.339 37
Chambermaids 39,789 187 39.602
Chauffeurs 45,785 45,752 33
Chemists 16,273 15.694 679
Cigarmakers 151,519 79,947 71.572
Clay, stone, workers.... 88.628 79.167 9,461
Clergymen 118,018 117.333 685
Clerks, store 387.183 275,589 111.594
Other 720.498 597.833 122.665
Collectors 35,747 33,850 1,897
Cooks 450.440 117,004 333.436
Commercial travelers... 163,620 161,027 2,593
Compositors 127,589 113,538 14.051
'Conductors, steam rys. 65.604 65.604
Conductors, street rys. 56.932 66.932
Coopers 25.299 22.292 7
Dairy farmers 61.816 69,240 2.576
Deliverymen 229.619 229,469 150
Dentists 39,997 38.743 1.254
Designers 11.788 9,211 2,677
Detectives, m'rsh'ls.ttc. 23,599 23,219 380
Domestics, general 1,038,000 102.151 935,849
Draftsmen 33.314 32,923 391
Dressmakers 449,342 1.582 447.760
Druggists 67.575 65,414 2.161
Dyers 14.050 13.396 654
Electricians 135.619 135,427 92
Electrotprs.. stereotprs. 4.368 4,268 100
Elevator tenders 25.035 25,010 25
Engineers, civil 52,033 62,028 6
Locomotive 96,229 96.229
Mining 6,930 6.930
Stationary 231,041 231,031 10
Engravers 13.967 13.429 638
Express messengers 6,781 6,778 3
Farmers 5,865.003 5.607.297 257.706
Filers, grinders 49,525 46.679 2.846
Firemen, fire dept 25.606 35,606
Locomotive 76,381 76.381
Stationary 111,248 111.248
Fishermen 68,275 67,799 476
Foremen, mfg 175.098 155.358 19,740
Foresters 4.332 4.332
Furnacemen 36,251 36.226 25
Gardeners, florists 139.255 131,421 '7.834
Glassblowers 15.564 15.474 90
Hatmakers (felt) 26.575 22.377 4,198
Hostlers 63.388 63.382 6
Hotelkeepers 64.504 50.269 14.235
Housekeepers, stewards 189.273 15,940 173,333
Janitors 113.081 91,629 21.452
Jewelers 32,574 30.037 2,537
Laborers, domestic 53,480 13.693 520.004
Farm 5.975,057 4.460.634 1,514.423
Garden 133,927 126.453 7.474
General 934.909 919.031 15,878
Public service 67,234 66,505 729
Railroad 570.975 667.522 3.453
Store 102,333 98,169 4,164
Launderers (not in laun-
dry) 633.697 13,693 520,004
Laundry operatives 111,879 35.899 73,980
Occupation. Total. Men. Women.
Lawyers, judges 114.704 114,146 558
Lithographers 8,138 7,661 477
Longshoremen 62,857 62,813 44
Lumbermen 161,268 161.191 77
Machinists 488.049 487.955 93
Mail carriers 80.678 79,667 1,011
Mail clerks, railway... 15,240 15.240
Managers, mfg 104.210 102,748 1462
Manufacturers 255,591 251,892 4,609
Masons, brick, stone... 169,402 169,387 15
Merchants, retail 1,195,029 1,127.926 67,103
Wholesale 51,048 50.123 925
Millers, grain, etc 23.152 23,093 69
Milliners 127,906 5,459 122.447
Miners 964.824 963.730 1,094
Molders, founders 120.900 120.783 117
Motormen 59.005 59.005
Musicians 139,310 54.832 84,478
Nurses, not trained 125,838 15.926 110.912
Trained 82.327 5,819 76.508
Office boys and girls... 97,169 92,474 4,695
Officials, city 52,254 49,668 2,586
State and U. S 52,926 43,389 9.537
Painters, glaziers 337.355 334.814 2.541
Paperhangers 25,577 24,780 797
Patternmakers 23,559 23,006 553
Photographers 31,775 26,811 4.964
Physicians, surgeons... 151.132 142.117 9.015
Plasterers 47.682 47,676 6
Plumbers 148,304 148.304
Policemen 61.980 61.980
Porters (not store) 84.128 84.055 73
Pressmen, printing 20,084 19,892 102
Professors, college 15.668 12,710 2,958
Reporters, editors 34,382 30,201 4.181
Restaurant keepers 60,382 50.316 10,516
Roofers 14.078 14,078
Sailors 46,510 46.498 12
Sales men and women. 921,130 663,410 257.720
Saloonkeepers 68,215 66.724 1.491
Sawyers 43,276 43,257 19
Sewers, factory 291.209 60.003 231.206
Shoemakers (not factory) 69.570 68,788 782
Showmen 20,096 18,988 1,108
Soldiers, sailors 77,153 77.153
Stenographers 316.693 53.378 263,315
Stock herders 62.975 62.090 885
Stonecutters 35.731 35.726 5
Surgeons, veterinary... 11.652 11,652
Switchmen, yardmen... 85.147 85.095 52
Tailors 204,608 163,795 40.813
Teachers 599,237 121,210 478.027
Teamsters 408,469 408,396 73
Telegraph operators 69,953 61.734 8,219
Telephone operators 97,893 9.631 88,262
Tinsmiths 59,833 59,809 24
Undertakers 20.734 19.921 813
Upholsterers 20,221 W.92S, 1,293
Waiters 188,293 102,495 85.798
BY GRAND DIVISIONS.
In 1910 there were 38,167.336 persons 10 years of
age and over engaged in gainful occupations In
continental United States. Of these 30.091.564
were men and 8,075,772 women. The occupations
by grand divisions were as follows:
Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry —
Total, 12,659.203: men, 10.851,702: women. 1.807.501.
Extraction of minerals— Total. 964.824; men,
963.730; women, 1.094.
Manufacturing and mechanical industries— To-
tal. 10,658,881: men, 8,837.901; women, 1.820.980.
Transportation— Total, 2,637,671: men. 2,531,075:
women. 106,596.
Trade— Total, 3,614,670; men, 3,146,582; women,
468.088.
Public service— Total. 459,291: men, 445,733:
women, 13.558.
Professional service — Total, 1.663,569: men. 929,-
684; women, 733.885.
Domestic and personal service — Total. 3.772,174:
men, 1.241.328; women. 2,530.846.
GAINFUL WORKERS BY AGE AND SEX (1910).
Age.
10 to 13 years..
14 to 15 years. .
16 to 20 years..
21 to 44 years..
Male. Per cent. Female.
609.030
744,109
3.615.623
17.262.209
45 and over 7.860.593
16.6
41.4
96.7
85.9
2X6.946
350.140
1.847,600
4.302.969
1,288.117
Pet.
8.0
19.8
39.9
26.3
15.7
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
761
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS BY LEADING INDUSTRIES (1909). Wage
Industry. Total. Owners.* Clerks, earners.
Agricultural Implements 60,229 2,489 7,189 50,651
Automobiles 85,359 2,564 7,074 75,721
Boots and shoes 215,923 6,752 11,874 198,297
Brass and bronze products 45,441 2,160 2,663 40,618
Bread, bakery products 144,322 29,136 14,970 100,216
Butter, cheese, condensed milk 31,506 10,480 2,595 18,431
Canning and preserving 71,972 6,920 5,084 59,968
Carriages and wagons 82,944 8,844 4,172 69,928
Cars, shop construction, etc 301,273 6,974 12,125 282,174
Cars, steam railroad 47,094 1,041 2,967 43,086
Chemicals 27,791 1,086 2,991 23,714
Clothing, men's 271,437 12,041 19,700 239,696"
Clothing, women's 179,021 9,281 15,997 153,743
Confectionery 54,854 3,362 6,854 44,638
Copper, tin, sheet Iron 86,934 7,269 6,050 73,615
Cotton goods 387,771 4,4%1 4,430 378,880
Electrical machinery 105,600 4,121 14,223 87,266
Flour and grist mill products 66,054 18,763 7,838 39,453
Foundry, machine shop products 615,485 31,605 52,869 531,011
Furniture, refrigerators 144,140 7,281 8,407 128,452
Gas. illuminating, heating : „ 51,007 2,986 10,806 37,215
Hosiery, knit goods 136,130 3,308 3,547 129,275
Iron and steel, blast furnaces 43,061 1,119 3,513 38,429
Steel works and rolling mills , 260,762 4,286 16,400 240,076
Leather goods 43,525 4,209 4,409 34,907
Leather, tanned, curried, etc 67,100 2,331 2,567 62,202
Liquors, distilled 8,328 1,111 787 6,430
Liquors, malt 66,725 4,362 7,784 54,579
Lumber, timber 784,989 68,165 21,805 695,019
Marble and stone 77,275 8,453 3,219 65,603
Oil, cotton seed, cake 21,273 2,167 2,035 17,071
Paint and varnish 21,896 2,016 6,640 14,240
Paper and wood pulp 81,473 2,298 3,197 75,978
Patent medicines, etc 41,101 5,647 12,559 22,895
Petroleum, refining i 16,640 671 2,040 13,929
Printing, publishing 388,466 49,332 80,700 258,434
Silk and silk goods 105,238 2,236 3,965 99,037
Slaughtering, packing 108,716 3,514 15,474 89,728
Smelting, refining, copper 16,832 275 929 15,628
Smelting, refining, lead 8,059 132 503 7,424
Sugar, molasses 15.658 789 1,343 13,526
Tobacco manufactures 197,637 21,012 9,815 166.810
Woolen, worsted, felt goods 175,176 3,192 3,262 168.722
All other industries 1,916,361 117,932 149,988 1,648,441
Total 7,678,578 487,173 576,359 6,615,046
•Includes salaried officers of corporations, superintendents and managers.
PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING (1909).
[Summary prepared by census bureau, 1912, showing distribution by class, sex and age.]
Class. Total. Male. Female.
Proprietors and firm members 273,265 263,265 9,591
Salaried oflBcers of corporations 80,735 78,937 1,798
Superintendents and managers 133,173 130,304 2,869
Total proprietors and officials : '. 487,173 472,914 14,259
Clerks 576,359 437,056 139,303
Wage earners (average number) .6,615,046 6,252,293 1,362,753
Total all classes 7,678,578 6,162,263 1,616,315
Sixteen years of age and over 6,452,800 5,162,547 1,290.253
Under 16 years of age 162,246 89,746 72,500
FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY IN ILLINOIS.
[From census bureau report.]
Summary for State. Moultrie. Tazewell, Logan and' Sangamon. The
19io 1900 next highest— $100 to $125 per acre— were DeKalfo.
PnnnlaHnn K MS Ml 4 821 550 Lee- Kendall. Will, Kankakee. Grundy, Bureau,
Nutter farms 251872 264151 Henry- Rook Tsland- Mercer. Warren, Knox
Av^e'a'cr'es-perfarm: "iSS l£a «££• Peoria McDonough, Marshall. Putnam.
vI!uaeg1aTndUe "" ""'"l 090 4$U H! 1 514 ifftft ^tte^n^S&oi. In 1910. 68.6 per cent
voi * ?irtin™ ^2,2f'liS ' 'Si SJ* 22 were operated by owners and managers and 41.4
v» C oh n£?; ?*'?M'nM !i'w'^n by tenants. Of the farms 60.8 per cent were free
Value machinery 73,724,074 44,977,310 from mortal iros ami <N 9 wprp rnnrtim wri
Value stock 308.804,431 193,758,037 39.2 were mortgaged.
Domestic Animals on Illinois Farms.
Total value property.. 3,905,321.075 2.004,316,897 Number Value
The average value of an Illinois farm, inelud- Cattle 2,440.577 $73,454, 7*45
ing its equipment, rose from $7,588 in 1900 to Horses 1,452,887 163,363,400
$15,505 in 1910. The counties showing the highest Mules 147,833 18,140,335
average value of farm land per acre — $125 and Asses and burros 2,863 568,194
ovpr— were Cook. Iroquois. Vermilion. Edenr. La- Swine 4,686,362 36,210,179
Salle, Livingston. Ford, Champaign. Douglas. Sheep 1,059,846 4,843,736
Coles, Woodford, McLean, Dewitt, Piatt. Macon. Goats 12,485 38,564
762
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Value.
$11,696,650
10,941,491
374,544
109,124
25,547
27,445
Value.
1,515,676
1,210,748
5,674,830
5,423
Value.
$613,917
237,058
191,401
21,863
44.238
1,248
22
Poultry.
Number.
Chickens 21,409,835
Turkeys 20,563, 850
Ducks 189,411
Geese 201,350
Guinea (owls 84,057
Pigeons 144,268
Dairy Products (1909).
Amount.
Milk, gallons.., 320,240,399
Butter made, pounds 46,609,992 $10,493,217
Cheese made, pounds 81,918 8,396
Milk sold, gallons 158,031,333 18,314,172
Cream sold, gallons 2,104,352
Butter fat sold, pounds 4,637,745
Butter sold, pounds...* 24,442,251
Cheese sold, pounds 54,502
Small Fruits (1909).
Quarts.
Strawberries 8,031,824
Blackberries 2,915,473
Raspberries 1,834,337
Currants 265, 858
Gooseberries 641,498
Cranberries 13,418
Other berries 268
Total 13,602,676 1,109,747
Orchard Fruits (1909).
Amount. Value.
Apples, bushels 3,093,321 $2,111,866
Peaches, nectarines, bushels. 1,222,570 999,516
Pears, bushels. 249,365 202,965
Plums, prunes, bushels 78,566 80,384
Cherries, bushels 287,376 453,474
Apricots, bushels 1,250 1,457
Quinces, bushels 6,723 8,037
Mulberries, bushels 40 44
Grapes, pounds 16,582,785 426.468
Total 4.939,211 3.857.743
Nuts (1909). Pounds> value.
Walnuts, English, Persian... 3,497 $331
Pecans 107,069 10,301
Black walnuts 630,730 7,411
Butternuts 3,515 76
Chestnuts 4,933 321
Hickory nuts 60,124 1,954
Total 714,478 ~ 20,550
NOTE— Total includes almonds, hazelnuts, Japa-
nese walnuts and other nuts.
Sugar Crops (1909).
Amount. Value.
Maple sugar made, pounds... 6,366 $1.113
Maple sirup made, gallons 18,492 22,389
Sugar beets produced, tons... 14,981 77.732
Sorghum cane grown, tons.... 90,287
Sorghum cane sold, tons 240 360
Sorghum sirup made, gallons 977,238 490,569
VALUE OF CROPS BY COUNTIES (1909).
[From report of bureau, of the census.]
Vege- Fruits
County. All crops.* Cereals. tables. & nuts.
Adams $5,102,564 $3,788,357 $279,733 $154,333
619,027 425,471 30,479 14,546
1,567,839 1,141,581 76,819 17,872
1,222,271 84,874 11,335
1,228,566 52,550 23,525
6,008,965 175,702 43,218
724,427 49,424 130,564
1,990,327 111,305 18,057
2.330,705 73,340 29,508
9,194,789 178,107 114,753
4,722,435 122,928 55,529
1,203,773 102,112 39,476
1,093,024 97,123 45,362
2,117,627 83,965 28,712
3,279,962 112,437 62,643
2,166,113 2,843,926 44,485
1,168,718 98,744 32,720
714,715 60,937 47,669
4,446,283 113.801 22,230
3,378,497 70,375 44.163
3.745,992 68,680 24,594
1,273,117 99,173 17,434
1,759,344
1,578.065
7,165,497
1,016,754
2,796,898
Alexander
Bond
Boone ...
Brown ...
Bureau ..
Calhoun .
Carroll ...
Cass 2,574,318
Champaign . 9,991,658
Christian ... 5,463,041
Clark 1,863,009
Clay 1.652,385
Clinton 2,488,129
Coles 4,463,738
Cook 8,941,336
Crawford ... 1,624,673
Cumberland 1,371.699
DeKalb
Pewirt
Douglas
DnPage
5.457,231
3.693,830
4.200,444
2,170,616
County. All crops.*
Edgar $5,315,601
Edwards 1,107,364
Effingham .. 1,724.101
Fayette .... 2,724,967
Ford 5,272,957
Franklin 1,301,461
Fulton 5,650,830
Gallatin 1,550,741
Greene 3,206,145
Grundy 3,774,569
Hamilton ... 1.359,868
Hancock 4,926,365
Hardin 471,629
Henderson .. 2,124,501
Henry 6,236,444
Iroquois .... 10,607,811
Jackson 2,185,086
Jasper 1,801,961
Jefferson ... 1,807,737
Jersey 2,009,284
Jo Daviess.. 2,764,066
Johnson 1,129,554
Kane 3,928,086
Kankakee .. 6,032,515
Kendall 2,723,457
Knox 5,146,135
LaSalle 10,222,235
Lake 2,392,697
Lawrence ... 1,701,015
Lee 6,378,794
Livingston .. 11,377,297
Logan 6,411,272
McDonough . 4,385,419
McHenry . . 3,432,771
McLean ... . 12,811,506
Macon 5,986,350
Macoupin . . 4,866,438
Madison .. . 4,857,437
Marion .... 1,946,301
Marshall . . 3,087,730
Mason 3,586,196
Massac ... . 903,054
Menard 2,555,316
Mercer 3,525,524
Monroe 2.072,604
Montgomery 4,144,905
Morgan 4,695,526
Moultrie .... 2,788,818
Ogle 5,327,453
Peoria 4,480,392
Perry 1,200,385
Piatt 4,366,082
Pike 4,569,131
Pope 912,613
Pulaski 1,076,587
Putnam 1,083,398
Randolph ... 2,433,694
Richlaml .. 1,406,436
Rock Island 2,447,691
St. Clair.... 4,761,122
Saline 1,363,656
Sangamon . 7.458,942
Schuyler ... 2,579,011
Scott 1,782,674
Shelby 4,380,769
Stark 2,417,177
Stephenson . 3,643,588
Tazewell ... 6,573,005
Union 2,017,813
Vermilion .. 7,416,946
Wabash 1,399,965
Warren 4,239,718
Washington 2,326,226
Wayne . .' 2,414,287
White 2,627,360
Whiteside .. 4,6l«,745
Will 6,426.239
Williamson . 1,317.585
Winnebago . 3,107,191
Woodford ... 4,525,319
Cereals.
$4,839,637
814,623
1,211,587
2,013,765
4,901,850
829,940
4,522,392
1,313,805
2,567,907
3,488,722
864,692
3,823,112
316,658
1,815,909
5,096,109
9,795,841
1,488.649
1,076,740
1,175,155
1,656,781
1,680,056
653,627
2,682,250
4,298,265
2,407,369
4,190,537
9,044,498
1,122,242
1,360,872
4,397,607
10,678,861
5,842,373
3,780,900
2,290,112
11.480,655
5,341,789
3,939,451
3,614,917
1,296,929
2,748,028
3,267,410
679,453
2,271,130
2,844,867
1,692,413
3,286,261
4,161,828
2,319,852
4,269,777
3.422,386
826,577
3,976,758
3,576.055
577.756
562,224
917,319
1,899,959
804,303
1,628,115
3,488,491
890,071
6,419,931
2,092,579
1,560,993
3,325,398
2,092,760
2,547,340
4,827,583
865,030
6,551,752
1,181,333
3,636,464
1,981,154
1,415,708
2,182,817
3,530,012
5,273,693
778,964
2,026,776
4,030,029
Vege-
tables.
$104,547
43,082
86,720
143,616
86,821
147,219
159,737
67,191
100,625
53,351
97,230
139,810
31,274
43,473
140,053
211,061
240,313
112,717
132,047
76,391
137,798
95,187
165.871
156,379
42,626
128.341
247,674
170,335
89.416
158,355
165,435
125.140
94,321
182,459
270.661
155,624
144,805
514.136
132,955
52,578
65.527
67,750
51,827
76,393
155,923
128,309
130,393
65,084
208,969
192,361
102,332
68,442
135,527
74,677
145,682
32,319
118,380
82.976
186,690
689,389
97,821
232,361
82,464
61,891
126,042
43,401
186,061
128,610
480,294
254,085
43,209
73,653
89,601
160,943
135,996
243,761
207,014
143,232
182,449
128,338
Fruita
& nuts.
$36,587
17,668
31,855
51,251
21,181
25,843
140,832
21,817
117,908
5,328
37,120
129,835
24,166
30.646
58,202
68,135
79,747
36,740
40,245
28.752
23,075
84,922
33,485
27,667
8,210
86,448
44,460
35,256
13,393
30,531
48,0.12
66,521
75,672
22,458
121,062
86.96S
55,569
61,912
68,797
22,172
39,428
50,052
43,842
36,494
18,432
71,585
58,209
27,645
24,825
106,637
25,843
26,588
125,374
44,766
186,116
10,870
34,770
60,862
80,548
67,776
56,134
104,982
40,602
29,090
64,454
22,472
28.014
110,540
279,967
90.875
8,884
44,899
28,652
48,825
24,900
38,465
39,147
71,139
35,497
54,470
Total 372,270,470 297,523,098 16,300.654 5,414.594
-•*•
*The total of all crops includes grains and
seeds other than cereals, hay and forage and
miscellaneous crops.
ALMANAC AND -TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
763
VALUE OF PUBLIC PROPERTIES OF STATES (1913).
[Bureau of the
census report.]
States.* Total. Statehouses.t
Armories.Hospitals.J Homes. 11 Schools. § Prisons.
Alabama $9,791,182 $1,500,000
$330,000 $1,000,600 $5,505.182 $1,406,000
Arizona 2,147,200 180,000
340,000 933,200 500,000
Arkansas 7,041,571 2,850,000
1,600,000 $200,000 1,837,500 554,071
California 53,829,469 5,102,712
165,121 8,274,762 16,159,781 3,829,844
Colorado 12,716,500 2,672,000
17,500 1,515,000 5,515,000 2,830.000
Connecticut 12,826,612 5,297,103
1,514,000 2,766,770 134,120 1,150,175 1,239.444
Delaware 465,000 380,000
25,000 60,000
Florida 2,471,769 575,000
741,050 1.112,719
Georgia 4,719.900 1,000,000
150.000 3,429,900 40,000
Idaho 4,691,680 1,800,500
661,615 1,571,974 553,764
Illinois 44,215.230 6,570,000
177,700 290.748 12,982,812 5,787,377 5,828,252
Indiana 23,157,960 4,425,000
8,137,077 1,221,486 5.012,096 2,697,466
Iowa ZO.545,223 3,618,000
4,974895 1,421,307 6,781,307 2,467,621
Kansas 18,242,808 5,350,589
3,500,000 4,692.219 4,100,000
Kentucky 9,848,583 2,665,000
25,000 1,997,583 1.526,900 3,635,000
Louisiana 5.701,698 500,000
1,540,000 2,081,198 1,350,000
Maine 4,762,076 1,523,905
82,562 1,933,043 770,145 390,472
Maryland 8,867,296 1,240,000
580,000 2,698,000 1,941,000 2,024,000
Massachusetts 51,358,057 7,906.507
3,864,638 12,689,881 4,295,907 3,950,978 5,479,949
Michigan 20.732,097 2,500,000
123,757 5,537,601 8,930,989 3,540,030
Minnesota 22,454,023 4,993,443
198,345 6,521,585 6,195,820 3,964,830
Mississippi 12,543,528 2,972,662
600,000 1.301,338 4,732,521 2,377,000
Missouri 11,750,515 125,000
3,750,000 5,500,000 2,375,515
Montana 4.859,461 1,454,856
673,000 273,243 2,035,780 497,582
Nebraska 8,786.615 844,514
250,000 2,448,695 4,111,406 832,000
Nevada 1,755,250 534,250
14,000 235,000 85,000 626,000 185,000
New Hampshire 3,879,000 1,200.000
133,000 115,000 1,050,000 892,000 375,000
New Jersey 16,872,594 2,500,000
1,442,806 6,896,096 505,551 1,704,784 3,740,857
New Mexico 2,148.450 270,000
120,000 311,000 100.000 70,000 224,000
New York 105,959,252 24,575,477
7,379,979 33,961,556 9,061,399 7,099,665 14,826,618
North Carolina 11,648,163 3,390,000
7,^00 53,000 2,597,000 3.575,663 2,025 000
North Dakota 4,818,492 538,156
42,994 1,084,793 2,446.067 690,432
Ohio 48,606,806 2,860,000
438,500 12,208,025 2,533,972 9,752,843 5,331,466
Oklahoma 10,890,371 3,156,761
458,000 5,585,000 1,690,000
Oregon 7,670,633 420,000
160,000 715,397 2,160,000 3,131,554 843,682
Rhode Island 7,173.995 3,959,400
265,850 643,235 67,000 732,500 1,464,210
South Carolina.. 9.659,000 2,500,000
15,000 1,713,000 5,006.000 375,000
South Dakota 3,544,802 1,045,872
864,715 1,427,987 206,228
Tennessee 4,635,246 1,600,000
1,272,411 80,000 779,160 963,675
Texas 13,675,000 7,500,000
50,000 2,500,000 400,000 1,800,000 1,000,000
Utah 3,659,375
620,272 2,198,714 774,089
Vermont . 2.200,934 894,243
82,300 478,810 58,820 74,821 555,655
Virginia 12.342,862 5,000,000
413,000 1,594,537 4,565,325 725,000
Washington 16,739,943 550,794
739,580 1,693,889 114,554 11,920,100 1,376 235
West Virginia 9,227,000 1,517,000
15,000 320,000 2,525,000 3,150,000 1,700,000
Wisconsin 18,968,466 4,682,300
43,293 1,876,528 1,079,458 6,916,184 2,010,717
Wyoming 897.500 325,000
190,000 75,000 250,000 57,500
Total 695,499,187 136,866,051
17,688,329 106,097,687 83.30J.218 175,953,734 93,654,114
•Pennsylvania was omitted from table, as no
Note — Included in the totals are the following:
figures were available. tStatehouses Include de-
Art galleries and museums, $3,462,909 ; fair
partmental libraries. JGeneral, insane and con-
grounds, parks and monuments, $12,720,076 ; lands,
tagious. HSoldiers', orphans' and other charitable
buildings and equipment of public service enter-
institutions. fEducational institutions.
prises, $52,919,057 ; miscellaneous, $12,835,012.
SALARIES OF PRESIDENTS OF REPUBLICS OF LATIN AMERICA.
[Table furnished by International Bureau of American Eepublics, Washington, D. O.]
Amount per year. Approximate
Republic. national currency, gold equivalent.
Argentina 72,000 pesos $31,500
Amount per year. Approximate
Republic. national currency, gold equivalent.
Venezuela 60,000 bolivars $12,000
Bolivia 18,000 bolivianos 7.200
Mexico 137 pesos a day 25,000
Brazil 120,000 milrels (papel) 40,000
Cuba 25.000 pesos 15,000
Chile 18,000 pesos 6,670
Dominican Rep. .$7, £00 7,200
Colombia £3.600 18.000
Haiti $24.000 24.000
Ecuador .12.000 sucres 6,000
Costa Rica 18,000 colones 8,350
Paraguay 7.000 pesos (oro) 7,000
Guatemala 30,000 pesos 12,000
Peru £3,000 15,000
Honduras 24,000 pesos..... 9,600
Uruguay $36,000 36,000
Nicaragua 24,000 pesos 9,600
Panama 18,000 Moneda de Curso
Salvador 22,500 pesos i 9,000
naclonal 18,000
Note — Expenses of office not included.
AVERAGE COST OF MAINTAINING AMERICAN WARSHIPS.
Includes pay of officers and men, repairs to hull
and machinery, and other expenses. Figures are
for ships (by types) in full commission (luring
fiscal year 1915. [From U. S. Navy Tear-Book.]
Battle ship $820.074.83
Armored cruiser 663,9!)2.62
Cruiser, 1st class 512.729.67
Cruiser, 3d class 290,351.59
Destroyer $125,061.78
Monitor 193,556.95
Submarine 37,394.70
Transport 252,928.97
Gunboat 126,140.86
Supply ship 202,768.60
Hospital ship 203,271.40
Torpedo boat tender 187,775.96
Fuel ship 116,093.21
764
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WHEN AND HOW TO USE THE FLAG.
Prepared by E. B. Wicklander.
The flag should not be raised before sun-
rise and should be lowered at sunset, but may
fly at all times during1 war if intended for
patriotic and not advertising purposes. In
stormy weather it is considered unkind to
permit the flag to fly except in battle, where
it may wave night and day without regard
lor weather.
The flag in times of peace is not permitted
by correct usage to float all night except at
the grave of Francis Scott Key, author ol
"The Star Spangled Banner."
Displaying the Flag — The flag, out of doors,
should be flown from a pole whenever pos-
sible, or a wire or rope. In the United
States army all flags are suspended from poles
and in no other way. The blue field is
placed farthest from the house displaying it.
except when facing a parade, with the flag
suspended across the street with7 the stripes
perpendicular, in which case the blue field
goes in the upper left hand corner as viewed
by the parade.
While raising or lowering the flag, it must
not touch the ground; care for it tenderly
and respectfully.
Driving nails in the flag to hold it in place
is considered wrong. Preferably it should be
tied with red, white or blue cord, or tri-
colored cord.
Colors on Parade — When the colors are pass-
ing on parade or in review, the spectator
should, if walking, halt: if sitting, arise,
stand at attention and uncover: men to re-
move their hats and women to bow their
heads. All military men are required to
stand at salute.
Used in Decoration— When the flag is hung
vertically (so it can be viewed from -one side
only) the blue field should be at the right as
one faces it. When hung horizontally the
field should be at the left. The flag should
never be placed below a person sitting.
Desecration of the Flag — No advertisement
or lettering of any sort should ever be placed
upon the flag, or any object, especially mer-
chandise for sale, placed upon it; nor should
it ever be used as a trade mark. It should
not be worn as the whole or part of a cos-
tume, and when worn as a badge, it should
be small and pinned over the left breast or
to the left collar lapel.
When worn as an emblem on the coat or
other garment, no other token should be worn
above it.
The flag in any form should never appear
on towels, handkerchiefs, aprons or other utili-
tarian clothes of any kind, nor used as a table
scarf.
When Portrayed — The flag when portrayed
by an illustrative process should always have
the staff so placed that it is at the left of
the picture, the fabric floating to the right.
In crossing the flag with that of another na-
tion, the United States flag should be at the
right.
Used as a Banner — When the flag is used as
a banner, the blue field should fly to the
north in streets running east and west, and
to the east in' streets running north and south.
Half -Mast or Used on a Bier — Before plac-
ing the flag; at half-mast on Memorial day or
when officially required as a symbol of
mourning, it must have been raised to the top
of pole or staff and then lowered at or near
the center of the staff.
When the flag is placed over a bier or cas-
ket, the blue field should be at the head.
On Memorial day. May 30— The national flag
should be displayed at half-mast until noon,
when hoisted to the top of the staff, where it
remains until sunset.
Days When the Flag Should Be Flown—
Washington's birthday, Feb. 22; Lincoln's
birthday, Feb. 12; Mothers' day, second Sun-
day in May; Memorial day. May 30; Flag day,
June 14; Independence day, July 4; also many
local patriotic anniversaries.
When a flag has become old and worn, it
should not be allowed to be thrown around
and treated with disrespect, but should be
burned.
BUCK'S STOVE COMPANY BOYCOTT CASE.
Proceedings were brought In the Supreme court
of the District of Columbia in August, 1907,
against the officers of tUe American Federation
of Labor to enjoin them from conducting a boy-
cott against the Buck's Stove and Range com-
pany of St. Louis, Mo., by advertising that the
concern was on the "unfair" and "we don't
patronize" lists of the federation's official organ.
The injunction was issued by Judge Gould Dec.
23, 1907. On the plea that the injunction was
being violated proceedings for contempt of court
were brought against Samuel Gompers. president;
John Mitchell, vice-president, and Frank Morri-
son, secretary of the federation. They were de-
clared guilty by Justice Wright of the Supreme
court of the District of Columbia Dec. 23, 1908.
Mr. Gompers was sentenced to one year's impris-
onment, Mr. Mitchell to nine months' and Mr.
Morrison to six months' imprisonment. They
were admitted to bail and the case was taken to
the Court of Appeals of the District of Colum-
bia, which tribunal decided Nov. 2, 1909, that the
decree against them was valid.
An appeal was taken to the United States Su-
preme court, which on May 15, 1911, reversed the
judgments of the lower courts and remanded the
case. May 5, 1913, the Court of Appeals of the
District of Columbia again affirmed the original
findings in the contempt case, but reduced Mr.
Gompers' senter.ce to thirty days in jail and
held that Mitchell and Morrison should be ex-
empt from prison sentences, but should each pay
a fine of $500. June 19, 1913, Chief Justice White
of the United States Supreme court granted an
appeal by the defendants that the case be heard
again by the highest tribunal.
May 11, 1914, the United States Supreme court
set aside the sentences imposed upon Gompers,
Mitchell and Morrison on the ground that they
were barred by the statute of limitations. Jus-
tice Holmes, who read the opinion, held that
the contempt proceedings should have been begun
within three years from the date of the offense.
THE SAGE FOUNDATION.
March 12, 1907, Mrs. Russell Sage of New
York announced that she had set aside the
sum of $10,000,000 to be known as the Sage
Foundation and to be devoted to the improve-
ment of the social and living conditions in
the United States.
Following is a part of the statement given
out by Mrs. Sage as to the object of the
srift: "I have set aside $10.000.000 for the
endowment of this foundation. Its object is
the improvement of social and living condi-
tions in the United States. The means to
that end will include research, publication,
education, the establishment and maintenance
of charitable and beneficial activities, agencies
and institutions and the aid of any such
activities, agencies and institutions already
established."
The general director of the fund is John
M. Glenn. Office, 130 East C2d street. New
York. N. Y.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
765
WINNERS OF THE NOBKL PRIZES.
PHYSICS.
1901— William Conrad Roentgen, professor of phys-
ics at the University of Munich.
1902— Divided equally between Uenrik Anton Lo-
rentz, professor of physics at the University of
Leyden. and Peter Zeeman. professor of phys-
ics at the University of Amsterdam.
1903 — Half to Antoine Henri Becquerel, professor
of physics at the Ecole Polytechnique and at
the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France,
member Institut Francais, and half to Pierre
Curie, professor of physics at the University of
Paris (Sorbonne) and teacher in physics at the
• Paris Municipal School of Industrial Physics
and Chemistry, and his wife. Marie Sklodovska
Curie, preceptress at the Higher Normal School
for Young Girls at Sevres.
1904— Lord Rayleigh. professor of natural philoso-
phy. Royal Institution of Great Britain. Lon-
don.
1905— Philippe Lenard, professor of physics at the
Physical Institute of Kiel.
1906— J. J. Thomson, professor of experimental
physics at the University of Cambridge.
1907— Albert A. Michelsen, professor of physics at
the University of Chicago.
1808— Prof. Gabriel Lipoman of the University of
Paris.
1909— G. Marconi, Italy, and Prof. Ferdinand
Braun of Strassburg.
1910— Johannes Diderik van der Waals, professor
of experimental physics in the University of
Amsterdam, Holland.
1911— Prof. Wilhelm Wien. University of Wuerz-
burg.
1912— Gustaf Dalen, Swedish engineer.
1913— Prof. H. Kamerllngh Onnes. University of
Leyden.
1914— Prof. Max von Laue, Germany.
1915— Prof. William H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg,
Cambridge, England.
1916, 1917 and 1918— No award.
MEDICINE.
1901— Emil Adolf von Behring, professor of hy-
giene and medical history at the University of
Marburg. Prussia.
1902 — Donald Ross, professor of tropical medicine
at the University college of Liverpool.
1903— Niels Ryberg Finsen. professor of medicine.
Copenhagen. Denmark.
1904— Ivan Petrovic Pawlow. professor of physi-
ology in the Military Academy of Medicine.
Petrograd, Russia.
1905 — Robert Koch, member of the Royal Acade-
my of Science. Berlin.
1906— Profs. Ramon v Cajal and Camillo Golgi of
the Pavia university. Italy.
1907— Charles L. A. Laveran of the Pasteur insti-
tute in Paris.
1908— Dr. Paul Ehrlich of Berlin and Prof. Elie
MetchnlkofT of the Pasteur institute, Paris.
1909— Prof. F. T. Kocher, Switzerland.
1910 — Dr. Albrecht Kossel, professor of physi-
ology. Heidelberg university. Germany.
1911— Allvar Gullstrand. professor of diseases of
the eye, Upsala university, Sweden.
1912— Dr. Alexis Carrel of the Rockefeller Insti-
tute for Medical Research, New York. N. Y.
1913— Prof. Charles Richet, University of Paris.
1914 — Dr. Robert Bnrany, Vienna, Austria.
1915, 1916. 1917 and 1918-^No award.
CHEMISTRY.
1901— Jakob Hendrikvan't Hoff. professor of chem-
istry in the University of Berlin.
1902— Emil Fischer, professor of chemistry In the
University of Berlin.
1903— Svante August Arrhenius. professor at the
University of Stockholm.
1904 — Sir William Ramsay, professor of chemistry
in the University college, London.
1905— Adolf von Baeyer, professor of chemistry
at Munich.
1906— H. Moissan. professor of chemistry at the
Sorbonne, Paris.
1907 — Eduard Buchner. professor of chemistry in
the agricultural high school of Berlin.
1908— Prof. Ernest Rutherford of the University
of Manchester. England. *
1909— Prof. W. Ostwald of Lelpsic.
1910— Otto Wallach. professor of chemistry in the
University of Gottingen.
1911— Mme. Marie S. Curie, professor of sciences.
University of Paris.
1912— Prof. Grignard, Nancy university, and Prof.
Paul Sabatier, Toulouse university.
1913— Prof. Alfred Werner, University of Zurich.
1914— Prof. T. W. Richards, Harvard university.
1915— Dr. R. Willstaetter, Berlin, Germany.
1916, 1917 and 1918— No award.
LITERATURE.
1901— Rene Francois Armand Sully-Prudhomme.
member of the French Academy.
1902— Theedor Mommseu. a professor of history
at the University of Berlin.
1903— Bjornstjerne Bjornson. author. Norway.
1904— Half to Frederic Mistral of France and
half to Jose Echegaray of Spain
1905— Henryk Sienkiewicz, author of "QuoVadis?"
1906— Prof. Giosue Carducci of Bologna. Italy.
1907— Rudyard Kipling of England.
1908— Prof. Rudolf Eucken. University of Jena.
1909— Selma Lagerlof, Sweden.
1910— Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse. Germany.
1911— Maurice Maeterlinck. Belgium.
1912— Gerhart Hauptmann. German author and
dramatist.
1913— Rabindra Nath Tagore, Hindu poet.
1914 — No award reported.
1915 — Romain Holland, French novelist.
1916— Verner Heidenstam, Swedish poet.
1917— Karl Gjellerup and M. Pontoppidan, Danish
authors.
1918— No award.
PEACE.
1901 — Divided equally between Henri Dunant,
founder of the International Red Cress Society
of Geneva, and Frederic Passay. founder of
the first French peace association, the "Societe
Francaise pour 1'Arbitrage entre Nations."
1902— Divided equally between Elie Ducommutn.
secretary of the international peace bureau at
Bern, and Albert Gobat. chief of the interpar-
liamentary peace bureau at Bern.
1903— William Randal Cremer. M. P.. secretary
of the International Arbitration league, London.
1904— The Institute of International Right, a
scientific association founded in 1873 in Ghent.
1905 — Baroness Bertha von Suttner, for her liter-
ary work written in the interest of the world's
peace movement.
1906— Theodore Roosevelt, president of the United
States, for the part he took in bringing the
Russo-Japanese war to an end. Money set
apart by the recipient for various public pur-
poses.
1907— Divided equally between Ernesto T. Moneta.
president of the Lombardy Peace union, and
Louis Renault, professor of international law
at the University of Paris.
1908— K. P. Arnoldsen of Sweden and M F.
Bajer of Denmark.
1909 — Baron d'Estournelles de Constant, Paris.
and M. Beernaert. Holland.
1910— International Permanent Peace bureau. Bern.
1911— Prof. T. C. M. Asser, Holland, and Alfred
Fried. Austria.
1912— Elihu Root of New York.
1913— Henri la Fontaine of Belgium.
1914. 1915 and 1916— No award.
1917 — International Red Cross. Geneva.
1918— No awaird.
ORDER OF PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION.
In case of the removal, death, resignation or
disability of both the president and vice-presi-
dent, then the secretary of state shall act as
president until the disability of the president
or vice-president is removed or a president is
elected. The rest of the order ol succession
is: Secretary of the treasury, secretary of
war, attorney-general, postmaster-general, sec-
retary of the navy, secretary of the interior,
secretary of agriculture and secretary of com-
merce. The acting1 president, in case congress
is not in session, must call a special session,
erivingr twenty days' notice.
766
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
GOVERNMENT OF LAB
[From U. S. cei
, — Mayor — N f Aldermen N
City. Term.* Pay.t No.Term.* Pay.t
Albany, N. Y 2 $4,000 20 2 $500
BE AMERICAN CITIES.
sus report, 1916. ]
•Term in years. tWhere two amounts are given
the larger is the pay of the presiding officer.
Note — The commissioners in Washington, D. C.,
and Nashville, Tenn., are appointed; all the
others are elected. The term of the presiding
officer in San Diego is two years. The term
of the presiding officer in Reading, Pa., is four
years. Denver abandoned the commission form
of government in 1916.
POLICE DEPARTMENTS OF LARGE CITIES
(1915).
[From U. S. census report.]
Patrol- Detec-
City. Total.* Officers, men. tives.
Albany, N. Y 211 33 137 8
Atlanta, Ga 2 4000 10 2 300
Baltimore, Md 4 6000 9 4 1000
Boston, Mass 4 10,000 9 3 1,500
Bridgeport, Conn 2 3000 24 2 t
Buffalo, N. Y 4 5,000 9 4 1,000
Cambridge, Mass 1 3,500 11 1 t
Camden, N. J 3 4,000 26 2 500
Charleston, S. C 4 3 500 24 4 t
Chicago 111 4 18000 70 2 3500
Cincinnati, 0 2 10,000 32 2 1,150
Cleveland, 0 2 10,000 26 2 1,200
Columbus, 0 2 5,000 19 2 650
Detroit Mich 2 5 000 42 2 1 200
Fall River, Mass 2 3,000 27 2 200
Fort Wayne, Ind 4 3,000 15 4 200
Grand Rapids, Mich. 2 2,000 24 2 350
Hartford Conn 2 3 500 24 2 $
Atlanta, Ga 280 33 182 32
Baltimore, Md 1,126 190 753 29
Birmingham, Ala.... 186 16 139 22
Boston, Mass 1,709 161 1,308 46
Indianapolis, Ind 4 7,'500 9 4 600
Kansas City Mo 2 5 000 16 4 §5
Bridgeport, Conn 177 27-123 6
Buffalo, N. Y 830 112 614 63
Los Angeles', Cai 2 4,'500 9 2 4,500
Louisville Ky 4 5 000 12 2 '$
Cambridge, Mass 166 20 112 6
Camden, N. J 162 18 113 9
Milwaukee Wis 2 4^000 37 11 1,000
Charleston, S. C.... 127 15 91 7
Chicago, 111 4,676 419 2,109 612
Minneapolis, Minn... 2 6,000 26 4 1,500
Newark N J 2 10 000 32 2 500
Cincinnati, 0 709 74 528 37
New Bedford, Mass.. 1 5,000 6 1 100
New Haven, Conn... 2 3,500 62 t
New York, N. Y 4 15,000 73 2 2,000
Paterson N J 22 000 11 2 400
Cleveland, 0 803 86 504 54
Columbus, 0 234 12 159 28
Dallas Tex 164 8 127 16
Dayton, 0 145 14 100 12
Peoria, 111 2 3,500 16 2 §3
Denver, Col 253 15 191 22
Philadelphia, Po 4 12,000 48 4 t
Detroit, Mich 1,163 101 829 80
Duluth, Minn 87 12 55 5
Providence. R. 1 2 5,000 10 2 750
Fall River, Mass... 164 20 115 7
Fort Wayne, Ind.... 63 6 35 «
Grand Rapids, Mich. 157 8 120 8
Hartford, Conn 182 19 142 5
Richmond Va 4 5,000 12 4 t
Rochester, N. Y 2 5,000 13 2 600
St Louis Mo 4 10 000 29 4 1 800
San Antonio, Tex.... 2 5,000 12 2 '§10
San Francisco, Cal... 4 6,000 18 4 2,400
Schenectady, N. Y... 2 3,500 14 2 500
Scranton, Pa 4 5,000 5 4 2,000
Houston, Tex 138 U 91 19
Indianapolis, Ind.... 386 36 276 32
Jersey City, N. J... 542 80 401 15
Kansas City, Mo... 445 57 257 37
Los Angeles, Cal... 549 64 341 43
Seattle, Wash 2 7,500 9 3 3,000
Springfield, Mass 2 4,000 82 t
Syracuse, N. Y 2 4,000 20 2 750
Lowell, Mass 154 12 113 6
Toledo, 0 2 4,000 19 2 550
Troy N. Y 2 4,000 18 2 500
Milwaukee, Wis 581 41 528 36
Minneapolis, Minn... 331 49 204 30
Nashville, Tenn 150 14 101 19
Wilmington, Del 2 2,000 13 2 240
Worcester, Mass 1 4,000 11 1 $
Youngstown, 0 2 4,500 13 2 250
•Years. fPer year unless otherwise specified.
JNone. §Per meeting. JTwelve elected for four
years ; twenty-five for two years.
New Bedford, Mass.. 160 22 121 3
New Haven, Conn... 215 29 146 13
New Orleans, La 402 48 215 28
New York, N. Y.... 10,912 1,233 8,004 649
Oakland, Cal 219 32 138 18
LARGE CITIES GOVERNED BY COMMIS-
SIONS (1915).
[From U. S. census report.]
Comm'rs.
City. No. Term.* Pay.t
Birmingham, Ala 3 3 $7,000
Omaha, Neb 154 13 91 16
Paterson N J 165 20 99 13
Peoria, 111 96 8 67 10
Philadelphia, Pa.... 3,844 369 2,8?4 30
Pittsburgh, Pa 901 97 594 57
Portland, Ore 301 22 194 32
Dallas, Tex 5 2 $3,000-4,000
Dayton, 0 5 4 1,200-1,800
Providence, R. 1 421 43 320 18
Reading, Pa 102 8 80 2
Des Moines, la 5 2 3,000-3,500
Richmond, Va 193 30 141 10
Rochester, N. Y 409 36 265 33
Duluth, Minn 5 4 4,000
Galveston, Tex 5 2 1,200- 2,000
Houston, Tex 5 2 2,400- 4,000
Salt Lake City, Utah 98 10 63 5
San Antonio, Tex.... 172 8 130 14
San Francisco, Cal.. 972 143 614 26
Schenectady, N. Y... 101 15 70 6
Jersey City, N. J -5 4 5,000-5,500
Lincoln, Neb 5 2 2,000-2500
Memphis, Tenn 5 4 3 000- 6 000
Mobile, Ala 3 3 5,000
Nashville, Tenn 5 2 5,000- 6JOOO
New Orleans, La 5 4 6,000-10,000
Spokane Wash 107 13 63 10
Oakland, Cal 6 4 3,600-4,200
Springfield 111 55 4 42
Omaha, Neb 7 3 4,500- 5,000
Springfield,' Mass.... 209 16 159 11
Syracuse N Y 211 15 148 13
Portland, Ore 5 4 6,000-6000
Reading, Pa 6 2 3000
Sacramento, Cal 6 5 3,600
Toledo ' O 222 21 91 28
St. Paul, Minn 7 2 4,500-5,000
Trenton N J . 141 15 110 5
Salt Lake City, Utah 5 4 3,600-4200
Troy N - Y . .. 149 30 104 6
San Diego, Cal 6 4 2,000-2400
Washington, D. C.... 796 73 520 36
Wilmington, Del 118 19 84 3
Worcester, Mass 256 18 195
Youngstown, O....».. 117 12 80 «
*A11 emoloyes.
Spokane Wash 5 4 5000
Springfield, 111 5 4 3,500-4,000
Tacoma, Wash 5 4 3,600-4,000
Trenton. N. J... .5 4 3.000-3.500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
767
POLICEWOMEN IN AMERICAN CITIES (1915).
[From U. S. census report.]
City. Number. Pay.
Chicago. Ill 21 $900
Baltimore. Md 5 1.000
Pittsburgh, Pa 4 900
San Francisco, Cal 3 1,200
Los Angeles, Cal 1 1,080
Los Angeles, Cal 4 900
Minneapolis, Minn 2 900
Seattle, Wash 1 1,200
Seattle, Wash 4 1,080
Portland, Ore .• 1 1,860
Portland, Ore 1 1,320
Portland, Ore 1 960
Denver, Col 1 1-080
Rochester, N. Y 1 1,080
St. Paul, Minn 3 »900
Syracuse. N. Y 1
Omaha, Neb 1
Dayton, O 2
San Antonio, Tex 1
Tacoma, Wash 1
Youngstown, 0 1
South Bend, Ind 1
Wichita, Has 1
San Diego, Cal 1 1,020
Topeka, Kas 2
Racine, Wis 1
Jamestown, N. Y 1
Aurora, 111 1 900
Colorado Springs, Col 1
Bellingham, Wash 1 900
•Not paid from police appropriation.
LIQUOR TRAFFIC IN AMERICAN CITIES
(1915).
[From U. S. census report.]
License City
City. Saloons.* paid.t license.!
Albany, N. Y 329 $750 $375
Baltimore, Md 1,203 1,000 750
Birmingham, Ala 58 3,000 1,950
Boston, Mass 673 1,200 900
Bridgeport, Conn 175 450 405
Buffalo, N. Y 1,653 750 375
Chicago, 111 7.152 1,000 1,000
Cincinnati, 0 1,880 1,000 700
Cleveland, O "l^S 1,000 700
Columbus, 0 382 1,000 500
Dayton. 0 244 1,000 500
Denver, Col 495 625 600
Detroit, Mich 1,377 500 250
Duluth, Minn 170 1,000 980
Fall River, Mass 78 1,500 1,125
City. Saloons.
Fort Wayne, Ind ., 192
Grand Rapids, Mich 161
Hartford, Conn 175
Houston, Tex 135
Indianapolis, Ind 645
Jersey City, N. J 917
Kansas City, Mo 574
Lincoln, Neb 25
Los Angeles, Cal 198
Louisville, Ky 703
Lowell, Mass 63
Milwaukee, Wis 2,018
Minneapolis, Minn 401
Newark, N. J 1,386
New Bedford, Mass 73
New Haven, Conn 383
New Orleans, La 1,154
New York, N. Y.
.10,357
Omaha, Neb .............. 265
Paterson, N. J.. ......... 477
Peoria, 111 ................. 302
Philadelphia, Pa ......... 1,922
Pittsburgh, Pa ............ 787
Portland, Ore ............. 341
Providence, R. 1 ......... 350
Reading, Pa .............. 166
Richmond, Va ............. 169
Rochester, N. Y .......... 537
St. Louis, Mo ............ 2,300
St. Paul, Minn ............ 413
Salt Lake City, Utah ---- 136
San Antonio, Tex ....... 138
San Francisco, Cal ...... 2,073
Schenectady, N. Y ........ 256
Scranton, Pa ............. 278
Seattle, Wash ............ 329
Spokane, Wash ........... 183
Springfield, 111 ........... 220
Springfield, Mass ......... 43
Syracuse, N. Y ........... 377
Tacoma, Wash ........... 126
Toledo, 0
Trenton, N. J
Troy. N. Y
Washington, D. C
Wilmington, Del
390
288
241.
300
170
Worcester, Mass .......... 88
s City
license, t
$300
. 250
405
188
500
BOO
500
2,000
2,100
500
975
200
980
500
825
405
200
to
1,600
150
to
1,200
1,000
300
600
1,000
900
800
600
400
500
375
500
980
1,500
188
500
375
900
900
900
500
1,125
375
900
500
400
375
1,000
300
1,125
•Retail liquor. tTotal of city, state and coun-
ty. tin a few cases the rate is that of the
state or county.
TOTAL PER CAPITA
[From
State. Gross debt.
Alabama $14,365,059
Arizona 3,319,048
Arkansas 2,043,393
California ' 28,428,843
Colorado '. 5,172,725
Connecticut 11,128,774
Delaware 873,493
Florida 3,152,617
Georgia 6,678,185
Idaho 2,493,251
Illinois 3,236,900
Indiana 1,870,176
Iowa 503,379
Kansas 984,290
Kentucky 5,666,611
Louisiana 19,943,529
Maine 2,328,479
Maryland 19,699,594
Massachusetts , 128,279,247
Michigan 6,972,048
Minnesota 2,800,469
Mississippi 5,146,390
Missouri 7,570.351
Montana 2,542,003
Nebraska 900,456
DEBTS OF THE STATES (1915).
census bureau report.]
Per
capita.
$6.35
State.
Gross debt.
Per
capita.
$9 75
13.65
New Hampshire
2 578 370
5 89
1.21
New Jersey
594 003
21
10.14
New York
162 503 119
16 49
5.73
North Carolina
9 035 808
3 87
9.29
North Dakota
771 228
1 10
4.16
Ohio*
34 197 017
6 81
3.72
7 237 117
3 50
2.40
6.37
Oregon
244,665
. . . 1 699 657
.32
21
.54
8988.743
15.20
.67
..'. 6,554318
4.12
.23
South Dakota
701 713
1 05
.55
Tennesses
15 076 992
6.69
2.40
Texas .,
5 017 955
1.19
11.24
Utah
2 8S9 866
6.98
3.05
. . 855 247
2 36
14.72
24 929 471
11.62
35.62
3128181
2.25
2.33
West Virginia
1,151,987
.86
1 27
2 278 637
.93
2.71
Wyoming
268,511
1.60
2.24
5.89
Total
580,408,081
~&90
.72
•Includes $26,107,534
guaranty deposits.
768
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
State.
ASSESSED VALUATION OF
[From census
Valuation. Per capita.
Alabama $615,380,500
Arizona 408,540,283
Arkansas 450,317,491
California 3,409,176,078
Colorado 1,306,647,430
Connecticut 1,814,453,094
Delaware*
Florida 285,860,875
Georgia 953,542,882
Idaho 425,196,245
Illinois 2,455,966,349
Indiana 1,968,900,179
Iowa 1,177,118,270
Kansas 2,804,810,092
Kentucky 1,162,353,426
Louisiana 581,788,976
Maine 622,350,916
Maryland 1,218,895,985
Massachusetts 5,798,211,133
Michigan 3,104,224,178
Minnesota 1,695,601,666
Mississippi 441,497,562
Missouri 1,818,992,249
Montsna 412,361,919
Nebraska 472,C36,»«8
Nevada 139,109,838
$298.37
1,680.02
265.97
1,216.22
1,447.06
1,515.25
PROPERTY IN
bureau report.]
State.
STATES (1915).
337.06
343.43
1,086.74
411.65
709.57
529.90
1,561.65
492.95
328.05
815.89
910.74
1,610.26
1,036.21
816.10
232.90
539.30
955.66
379.20
1,409.05
Valuation. Per capita.
New Hampshire $439,213,107
New Jersey 2,635,285,940
New Mexico - 84,086,518
New York 13,160,287,250
North Carolina 807,672,784
North Dakota 313,286,198
Ohio 7,537,486,981
Oklahoma 1,176,933,582
Oregon 954,282,374
Pennsylvania*
Rhode Island 851,129,454
South Carolina 307,178,882
South Dakota 1,221,420,354
Tennessee 672,754,691
Texas 2,743,078,976
Utah 221,611,412
Vermont 383,540,564
Virginia 934,767,438
Washington 1,031,901,697
West Virginia 1,276,690,222
Wisconsin 3,027,178,329
Wyoming 203,740,037
$1,002.72
939.81
219.87
1,335.65
345.63
447.54
1,501.74
568.45
1,228.67
1,439.63
193.19
1,820.80
298.37
648.60
535.68
1,060.01
435.84
741.27
948.37
1,230.50
1,217.21
Total 75,527,381,374 767.58
•Genera! property not assessed for state pur-
poses.
NATIONAL HOME FOB DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.
Established by act of Congress March 21. 1866.
Names and Location of Branches— Central, Day-
ton, O.; Northwestern. Milwaukee. Wis.; South-
ern, Hampton, Va. ; Eastern, Togus, Me. ; West-
ern, Leavenworth. Kas. : Marion, Marion, Ind. ;
Pacific. Santa Monica, Cal. : Danville, Danville.
111.; Mountain. Johnson City. Tenn.: Battle
Mountain Sanitarium. Hot Springs. S. D.
Board of Managers — The president of the United
States, the chief justice of the Supreme court,
the secretary of war, ex officiis, Washington,
D. C.; president, Ge'n. George H. Wood, Dayton,
O. ; first vice-presic'ent, Capt. John C. Nelson,
Logansport, Ind. ; secretary, James S. Cather-
wood, Hoopeston, 111.; Maj. James W. Wads-
worth, Geneseo, N. Y. ; Col. H. H. Markham,
Pasadena, Cal. ; Maj. John W. West, Lewiston.
Me. ; Col. George Black, Olathe, Kas.
•General treasurer— Col. C. W. Wadsworth.
Inspector-general and chief surgeon— Col. James
E. Miller.
Requirements for Admission.
1. Honorable discharge from the United States
service.
2. Disability which prevents the applicant from
earning a living by labor.
3. Applicants for admission will be required to
abide by all the rules and regulations made by
the board of managers, perform all the duties
required of them and obey all the lawful orders
of the officers of the home.
4. A soldier or sailor to be admitted must for-
ward with his application his discharge paper,
his pension certificate if he is a pensioner and
bis discharge from a state home if he has been
an inmate of such home. These papers are re-
tained at the branch to which he is admitted
to prevent their loss or fraud, but are returned
to him when he is discharged. Soldiers or sail-
ors whose pensions exceed $16 a month are not
admitted to the home except for special reasons.
The National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers is supported by the United States gov-
ernment. The annual appropriation for that pur-
pose is about $4.000,000.
STATE SOLDIERS' HOMES.
There are a number of state homes for dis-
abled volunteer soldiers who, for various reasons,
are unable to obtain admission to the national
homes. The federal government contributes to-
ward the support of the state homes the sum of
$100 for each soldier, based upon the average at-
tendance for the year; the remainder of the ex-
penses is paid by the states themselves. Some
of these homes are on the cottage plan. Follow-
ing is a list of the state homes:
California— Yonntville. I Connecticut — Noroton
Colorado— Monte Vista. I Heights.
New Hampshire — Tilton.
New York— Bath and
Oxford.
North Dakota — Lisbon.
Ohio — Sandusky.
Oregon— Roseburg.
Pennsylvania — Erie.
Rhode Island— Bristol.
S. Dakota— Hot Springs.
Vermont — Bennington.
Washington— Orting and
Port Orchard.
Wisconsin — Waupaca.
Wyoming— Cheyenne. .
Illinois — Quincy.
Idaho — Boise.
Indiana — Lafayette.
Iowa — Marsballtown.
Kansas— Fort Dodge.
Massachusetts— Chelsea.
Michigan— Grand Rapids.
Minnesota — Minnehaha.
Missouri— St. James.
Montana — Columbus
Falls.
Nebraska — Grand Island
and Milford.
New Jersey — Kearny and
Vineland.
HOME FOR REGULAR ARMY SOLDIERS.
The United States maintains a home for dis-
abled and discharged soldiers of the regular
army at Washington. D. C. All soldiers who
have served twenty years In the army and all
soldiers who have incurred such disability, by
wounds, disease or injuries in the line of duty
while in the regular army, as unfits them for fur-
ther service are entitled to admission to the
home. The home is in charge of a board of
commissioners, consisting of the governor of the
home, the adjutant-general of the army, the
judge-advocate, the commissary-general, the quar-
termaster-general, the chief of engineers and the
surgeon-general. The present governor is Lieut. -
Gen. S. B. M. Young (retired).
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS' HOMES.
Confederate veterans of the civil war have a
home at Beauvoir. near Biloxl, Miss. The resi-
dence there of Jefferson Davis in his last years
was secured in 1902 as a refuge for helpless old
southern soldiers by the United Sons of Confed-
erate Veterans. It is supported by that society
and the United Daughters of the Confederacy.
Another home for confederate veterans was
opened in Washington. D. C.. May 24. 1913. by
the women of the Southern Relief association.
RACES OF THE WORLD.
The six great races of mankind according' to
WMtaker's Almanack are divided as follows:
Race. Number.
Mong-olian . ...* 655.000,000
Caucasian 645.000.000
Negro 100.000,000
Semitic 81,000,000
Malayan 52.000.000
Red Indian 23.000.000
Total 1,646,000,000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
769
NATIONAL PROHIBITION AMENDMENT.
The house of representatives in Washing-ton.
D. C.. by a vote ot 'M2 to 138 adopted. Dec.
17, 1917, the senate joint resolution submit-
ting1 to the states an amendment providing- lor
the suppression of the liquor traffic one year
alter the ratification of the amendment by
the required thirty-six state legislatures and
also providing- that the amendment shall be
inoperative unless ratified within seven years
from the dale of submission. The resolution
had passed the senate Aug. 1, 1917, by a
vote of 65 to 20. It was amended in the
house and the senate accepted the resolution
as amended Dec. 18 by a rising- vote of 47
yeas to 8 nays.
Following is the joint resolution as adopted
by the house and senate:
Article — , Section 1. After one year from
the ratification of this article the manufacture,
sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors
within, the importation thereof into, or the ex-
portation thereof from the United States and
all territory subject to the jurisdiction there-
of for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
"Sec. 2. The congress and the several
states shall have concurrent power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
"Sec. 3. This article shall be inoperative
. unless it shall have been ratified as an amend-
ment to the constitution by the legislatures of
the several states, as provided in the consti-
tution, within seven years from the date of
the submission hereof to the states by the
congress."
Up to Dec. 1. 1918, the following states had
ratified the amendment. They are named in
the order of ratification, the dates in all cases
being in 1918:
Mississippi. Jan. 9. Delaware. March 18.
Virginia, Jan. 10. So. Dakota, March 20.
Kentucky, Jan. 14. Massachusetts, Apr. 2.
South Carolina, Jan. 23. Arizona, May 24.
North Dakota, Jan. 25. Georgia, June 26.
Maryland, Feb. 13. Louisiana, Aug. 8.
Montana, Feb. 19. Florida. Nov. 27.
Texas, March 4.
The number necessary to carry the amend-
ment is 36.
The states dry prior to December, 1917, were:
Alabama. Maine. Oregon.
Arizona. Michigan. South Carolina.
Arkansas. Mississippi. South Dakota.
Colorado. Montana. Tennessee.
Georgia. Nebraska. Utah.
Idaho. North Carolina. Virginia.
Iowa. North Dakota. Washington.
Kansas. Oklahoma. West Virginia.
The Anti-Saloon League of America on
Nov. 8. 1918, claimed that as the result of
the state elections on Nov. 5 the ratification
of the constitutional amendment was assured.
"Ohio, Florida, Nevada, Wyoming: and Min-
nesota," said the league officers, "have voted
flry and elected ratification legislatures.
These states, added to the fourteen that have
ratified the amendment and the nineteen states
now dry that are sure to ratify the amend-
ment make thirty-eight, or two more than the
required thirty-six states for ratification."
PROHIBITION AFTER JUNE 30. 1919.
On Nov. 21. 1918, President Wilson signed
a food production stimulation bill containing a
rider making the United States "bone dry"
after June 30, 1919. In substance the new
law provides that after May 1. 1919. until the
conclusion of the present war and thereafter
until the termination of demobilization, the
date of which shall be determined and pro-
claimed by the president of the United States,
no grain, cereals, fruits or other product shall
be used in the manufacture or production of
beer, wine or other intoxicating malt or vin-
ous liquor for beverage purposes.
After June 30, 1910, until the conclusion of
the present war and thereafter until the termi-
nation of demobilization, the date of which
shall be determined and proclaimed by the
president of the United States, no beer, wine
or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquor
shall be sold for beverage purposes except lor
export.
The provision further directs:
"The commissioner of internal revenue is
hereby authorized and directed to prescribe
rules and regulations, subject to the approval
of the secretary of the treasury, in regard to
the manufacture and sale of distilled spirits
and removal of distilled spirits held in bond
as of June 30. 1919, until this act shall cease
to operate, for other than beverage purposes:
also in regard to the manufacture, sale and
distribution of wine for sacramental, medicinal
or other than beverage uses.
"After the approval of this act no distilled,
malt, vinous or other intoxicating liquors shall
be imported into the United States during the
continuance of the present war and period ot
demobilization, except wines which may be im-
ported until May 1, 1919, provided that thi»
provision against importation shall not apply
to shipments en route to the United States
at the time of the passage of this act."
FEDEI
Following a
retary of agr
used in the 1
under the fe
1916:
State.
Alabama ....
Arizona
Arkansas ...
California ...
Colorado . . .
Connecticut. .
Delaware ...
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
India 11:1
LAL FUN!
re the app
culture of
Iscal year
deral aid
Amount.
$313,456.47
205.540.58
250,018.47
456.167.23
257.278.92
92,216.45
24,411.99
170.723.88
403,909.45
182,471.55
658,323.48
406.230.18
434,653.61
429,131.88
292,984.62
203.765.29
144,807.42
130,871.43
221,261.85
435,356.37
425.865.40
268,751.60
508,603.98
298,520.89
319.445.25
>S FOB ROA1
ortionments b.
the federal fn
ending June .
road act of
State.
Nevada
N.Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York. .
M. Carolina.
N. Dakota..
Ohio
08.
7 the sec-
nds to be
10. 1919.
July 11.
Amount.
193.229.82
62,610.11
177,357.22
238,634.55
749.674.20
342.556.47
229,585.91
558,043.42
346.489.34
236.332.74
690.145.78
34.972.38
215.014.08
243.175.61
340.663.51
876.986.70
170.763.17
68,128.92
298,120.77
216.530.19
159,713.89
382,707.20
183,805.78
Oklahoma ..
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
S. Carolina..
S. Dakota...
.Tennessee ...
Texas
Utah
Kansas
Kentucky ...
Louisiana ...
Maine
Maryland ...
Massachus'ts
Michigan. ...
Minnesota . .
Mississippi...
Missouri ....
Montana ....
Nebraska ...
Vermont ....
Virginia
Washington.
W. Virginia.
Wisconsin ..
Wyoming ...
Total 14,550,000.00
Before making the apportionment, the secre-
tary of agriculture, in accordance with the pro-
visions of the act, deducted 3 per cent of the
appropriation to meet the cost of administering
the act. The remaining amounts were divided
among the states as the act prescribes— one-
third in the ratio of area, one-third in the ratio
of population and one-third in the ratio of
mileage of rural delivery routes and star
routes. For the fiscal year ending June 30,
1917, the appropriation was $5.000.000. For
succeeding years the total appropriation was aa
follows :
1918 $10.000.000 I 1920 $20.000.000
1919 15.000.00011921 25.000.000
These sums do not include the $1.000.000
which is appropriated each year for ten years
for the development of roads and trails within
or partly within the national forests. Road
construction except for military purposes prac-
tically ceased in 1918. to be resumed at the
end of the war. The total of all state and
state-aid roads built to Jan. 1. 1917. was 69.-
186. The total mileage of roads in the United
States in 1917 was 2,455,761. of which 287.-
047 were surfaced.
770
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
THE MOONEY CASE.
What had become internationally known as
"the Mooney case" came to a climax Nov.
28, 1918. when Gov. W. D. Stephens of Cali-
fornia at the request of President Wilson
saved Thomas J. Mooney from death on the
tallows for his alleged participation in the
death of ten persons from a bomb explosion
in San Francisco while a preparedness parade
was in progress. The governor commuted the
sentence of death imposed by the court to
imprisonment for life.
The death sentence passed upon Mooney was
for the murder of Mrs. Myrtle Irene Van Loo
of Merced. Cal.. one of ten persons killed by
the preparedness day bomb. Four others were
indicted with him on ten counts of murder,
but his case was sing-led out as an issue by
labor organizations of several countries.
Strikes were urged in various parts of the
country, and others were urged in other coun-
tries as labor's protests. Mooney's appeal to
wartime workers not to strike stopped agita-
tion for a general strike May 1, 1918.
Four of the five persons indicted were tried
for murder. Mooney was sentenced to be
hanged May 17, 1917. Warren K. Billings
was given a life sentence. Mrs. Rena Herman
Mooney. Mooney's wife, and Israel Weinberg-,
a taxicab driver, were acquitted on one chargra
and were in November. 1918, at liberty on
bail on other charges of murder, while Ed-
ward p. Nolan, a machinist, still was await-
ing trial.
Mooney's activity in a San Francisco street
car strike characterized by violence and hia
alleged Industrial Workers of the World af-
filiations drew suspicion toward him and his
wife. They were arrested five days after the
explosion at Guerneville, Cal.
Mooney's trial opened Jan. 3. 1917, and end-
ed with his conviction Feb. 9.
Frank C. Oxman, a cattleman of Durkee,
Ore., the state's chief witness, testified in the
Mooney trial that he saw the Mooneys, Bill-
ings and Weinberg drive to the spot where
the explosion occurred, and saw Billings de-
posit a suitcase supposed to contain the bomb.
Subsequently Mooney's attorneys charged
Oxman testified falsely and that he sought
to induce F. E. Rigall of Grayville, 111., to
do likewise. The Illinois State Federation of
Labor announced it had similar information.
Rig-all testified at Oxman's trial for attempted
subornation of perjury that Oxman offered to
divide with him a portion of a large reward
offered for Mooney's conviction. Oxman was
acquitted.
"Frameup" Charge Made.
Charges that Mooney was denied a square
deal and that he was the victim of a "frame-
up." which were made at various times after
his conviction, culminated Nov. 22 when a re-
port signed by John B. Densmore, federal di-
rector of employment, alleged crookedness in
the prosecution of many cases in the San
Francisco courts.
Among other charges the report said "prac-
tically the whole case against Mooney, Bill-
ings and Mrs. Mooney was made to order."
During the two years worldwide appeals
were made to labor bodies to act in support
of a new trial. Russian radicals paraded
in Petrograd and made a demonstration before
the embassy. The American Federation of
Labor, the London Trade council, and other
organizations made public demands for a new
trial for Mooney.
Governor's Statement.
In commuting- Mooney's sentence Gov.
Stephens issued the following statement:
"On July 22, 1916, ten persons — men, women
and children — were killed and about fifty
others wounded in a bomb explosion during
a preparedness parade in the city of San
Francisco. The parade was a patriotic mani-
festation into which the people had entered
with much spirit and loyal impulse.
"Manifestly, because of the occasion chosen,
hostility to the nation's defense measures must
have had a part in actuating the perpetra-
tion of so horrible a deed.
"It is not unreasonable to assume that a
sympathy or even a definite relationship exist-
ed between those murderers and the propa-
ganda and violence then being- engaged in
throughout the country by agents of the Ger-
man government.
"The case as presented to the California
courts was that of murder, without further
evidence of motive than the impossible tenets
of anarchists whose sympathies for the Ger-
man cause in the war are well known. Their
wild pacifist theories fitted into the widespread
activities of the kaiser's agents in this coun-
try.
"A number of person of pronounced anar-
chistic tendencies were arrested shortly after
the explosion and of these Warren K. Billings
was convicted and sentenced to life imprison-
ment and Thomas J. Mooney found guilty and
sentenced to be hanged.
"So long as avenues of appeal to the courts
remained open to Mooney and he was avail-
ing himself thereof, I deemed it improper for
executive authority to interfere.
"Although the constitution of California
clothes the governor with power to exercise
clemency at any time after conviction, it is
important, so far as practicable, not to in-
trude into any criminal case until the judicial
branch has finally disposed of it. Only re-
cently has final action been taken by the
United States Supreme court, and the case of
The People vs. Thomas J. Mooney placed
squarely before me.
"In considering the Mooney case. I have
had before me the urgent appeal of the presi-
dent of the United States that I grant com-
mutation.
"Originally, early this year. I received a let-
ter from the president asking me if it would
not be possible to postpone the execution of
Mooney until he could be tried upon one of
the other indictments against him.
"Inasmuch as an appeal already had been
taken to the Supreme court of California.
which appeal itself acted as a stay of the
execution, there was at that time no occasion
for action on my part. I take it that the
president was not correctly informed as to the
status of the case.
"I have carefully reviewed all the avail-
able evidence bearing on the case. There are
certain features connected with it which con-
vince me that the extreme penalty should not
be executed. Therefore, and because of an
earnest request of President Wilson for com-
mutation, and conscious of the duty I owe ss
governor of this state to all of its people, I
have decided to commute Mooney's sentence
to life imprisonment."
Wilson's Letters to Stephens.
President Wilson's letters to Gov. Stephens
urging clemency for Mooney were written in
March and June, the first reading as follows:
"The White House. Washington, D. C., March
27. 1918. — Gov. William D. Stephens, Sacra-
mento. Cal. :
"With very great respect I take the liberty
of saying to you that if you could see your
way to commute the sentence of Mooney it
would have a most heartfelt effect upon cer-
tain international affairs which his execution
would greatly complicate.
"WOODROW WILSON."
In June the governor received this additional
message, the president again urging commuta-
tion of sentence:
"The White House. Washington. D. C., June
4. 1918.— Hon. William D. Stephens, Sacra-
mento. Cal.:
"I beg that you will believe that I am moved
only by a sense of public duty and of con-
sciousness of the many and complicated inter-
ests involved when I again most respectfully
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
771
suggest a commutation of the death sentence
imposed upon Mooney. I would not venture
again to call your attention to this case did I
not know the international significance which
attaches to it. WOODROW WILSON."
Takes Full Responsibility.
The governor said there were certain fea-
tures connected with the case which convinced
him that the sentence of death should not
be executed. He added that he accepted "full
responsibility for the wisdom and justifica-
tion of the action."
In reviewing: the case Gov. Stephens said his
action was taken after a painstaking1 survey
of .the evidence produced at Mooney's trial,
but because of "certain new developments fol-
lowing1 the conviction" which could not be
considered by the state Supreme court, to
which the case had been appealed, he found
justification for setting; aside the death sen-
tence.
10,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
Jan. 1923
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
STATES, CAPITALS. GOVERNORS AND LEGISLATURES
Term, Term
State or territory. Oapital. Governor. years.Salary. expires.
Alabama .Montgomery J. H. Bankhead. D....4 $7,500 Jan. 1923
Alaska Territory... Juneau Thomas Riggs, Jr., D.4 7,000 Mar. 1922
Arizona Phoenix T. E. Campbell. R....2 4,000 Feb. 1921
Arkansas Little Rock Chas. H. Brough, D..2 4,000 Jan. 1921
California Sacramento W. D. Stephens, R....4
Colorado Penver O. H. Shoup, R 2
Connecticut Hartford M. H. Holcomb, R....2
Delaware Dover J. G. Townsend, Jr.,R.4
District of Co lumbia Washington
Florida Tallahassee S. J. Catts, D 4 6,000 Jan. 1921
Georgia Atlanta H. M. Dorsey, D....2 5,000 June 1920
Hawaii Honolulu CUas. J. McCarthy, D.4 7,000 Apr. 1921
Idaho Boise City D. W. Davis. R 2 5,000 Jan. 1921
Illinois Springfield F. O. Lowden, R....4
Indiana Indianapolis J. P. Goodrich, R 4
Iowa Des Moines W. L. Harding. R....2
Kansas Topeka Henry J. Allen, R....2
Kentucky Frankfort A. O. Stanley, D....4
Louisiana Baton Rouge R. G. Pleasant,- D.... 4
Maine Augusta C. E. Milliken, R....2
Maryland Annapolis E. C. Harrington. D..4
Massachusetts ....Bost9n C. Coolidge, R 1
Michigan Lansing A. E. Sleeper, R 2
Next leg-
islature.
±Jan. 1919
•Mar. 1919
*Nov. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
Limit
session.
50 days
60 days
None.
60 days
60 days
90 days
None.
None.
Minnesota .St. Paul
Mississippi Jackson
Missouri Jefferson City. .
Montana Helena
Nebraska Lincoln
Nevada. Carson City. . . .
New Hampshire... .Concord
New Jersey Trenton W. E. Edge, R 3
New Mexico Santa Fe O. O. Larrazolo. R....4
New York Albany A. B. Smith. I> 2
North Carolina Raleigh T. W. Bickett, D....4
J. A. A. Burnquist, K..2
T. G. Bilbo, D 4
F. D. Gardner, D....4
S. V. Stewart, D 4
S. R. McKelvie, R....2
E. D. Boyle. D 4
J. H. Bartlett, R 2
North Dakota Bismarck
Ohio Columbus
Oklahoma Oklahoma City..
Oregon Salem
Pennsylvania ......Harrisburg
Philippines Manila
L. J. Frazier. R 2
J. M. Cox, D 2
J. B. A. Robertson, D. 4
J. Wlthycombe. R....4
W. C. Sproul, R 4
F. B. Harrison, D
Porto Rico .San Juan Arthur Yager, D 4
R. L. Beeckman, R..2
R. A. Cooper, D 2
P. Norbeck. R 2
A. H. Roberts, D 2
Wm. P. Hobby. D 2
Rhode Island Providence
South Carolina Columbia ,
South Dakota Pierre
Tennessee Nashville
Texas Austin
Utah Salt Lake City S. BambergeK'D 4
Vermont Montpeller P. W. Clement, R 2
Virginia .Richmond W. Davis, D 4
Washington Olympia Ernest Lister, D 4
West Virginia Charleston John J. Cornwell. D..4
Wisconsin Madison E. L. Philipp. R 2
Wyoming .Cheyenne R. D. Gary, R ...4
12,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
6,500
5,000
3,000
4,500
10,000
5,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
5,000
2,500
7,000
3,000
10,000
5,000
10,000
5,000
5.000
10,000
4,500
5,000
10,000
15,000
8,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
6,000
2,500
5,000
6,000
5,000
6,000
4,000
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Mar. 1919
May 1920
Tan. 1921
Jan. 1920
Jan. 1920
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1920
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1920
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1922
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1923
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1921
Oct. 1920
Feb. 1922
Jan. 1921
Mar. 1921
Jan. 1921
Jan. 1919
"Biennial sessions. tAppointed by the president. JQuadrennial sessions.
•Jan. 1919
June 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1920
•May 1920
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1920
Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1920
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
Jan. 1919
Jan. 1918
Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1920
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
Jan. 1919
Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1920
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
•Jan. 1919
60 days
50 days
60 days
None.
60 days
None.
40 days
60 days
60 days
None.
90 days
None.
None.
90 days
60 days
70 days
60 days
60 days
60 days
None.
None.
60 days
None.
60 days
60 days
None.
None.
40 days
None.
None.
None.
60 days
75 days
90 days
60 days
None.
90 days
60 days
45 days
None.
40 days
average.
Beef products, Ibs 18(5,375,372
UNITED STATES FOOD EXPORTS.
The following- table shows the increase over normal in exports of foodstuffs by the United
States since it became the food -reservoir fer the world on account of the war:
3-year prewar 1916-17. 1917-18, July, 1917,, to July._1918. to
fiscal year. fiscal year.
405.427,417 565,462,445
Pork products. Ibs 996,230,627 1.498,302,713 1,691,437,435
Dairy products. Ibs... 26,037,790 351.958,336 590.798,274
Vegetable oils. Ibs 332,430,537 206,708.490 151,029,893
Grains, bushels 183,777.331 395.140,238 *349,123,235
Sugar, Ibs 621.745,507 3.084.390,281 2,149,787,050 1.108,559.519 1,065.398.247
•Wheat harvest 1917-18 was 200,217,333 bushels below the average of the three previous
years.
Sept. 30, 1917. Sept. 30. 1918.
93.962.477 171.986.147
196,256.750 540,946,324
130.071,165 161,245.029
27,719,553 26,026,701
66.383.084 121,668,823
The United States food administration is-
sued the following Sept. 24, 1918:
"Under the agreement entered into by the
food administrntion with the food controllers
of the allied nations, our breadstuffs export
program for the coming year will be: Wheat,
rye. barley and corn, or flours calculated as
grain for breadstuffs. 409.320,000 bushels,
of which from 100.000.000 to 165.000.000
bushels may be cereals other than wheat."
772
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
IRISH HOME RULE
Ireland was the scene of much political
turmoil and unrest in 1918. In April the
convention which had been in session in Dub-
lin for about eight months concluded its labors
and a report, the main features of which are
appended, was made. It was thought for a
time that a fairly satisfactory solution of the
Irish problem had been found and that the
dream of home rule would at last be realized.
But the conscription Question, which had been
raised earlier in the year, was coupled with
the home rule proposition and aroused so
much opposition from the nationalists and
the people generally that no progress was
made toward the establishment of a govern-
ment in Dublin. The breach, on the con-
trary, was widened by the violent actions of
the Sinn Feiners and the -, refusal of young1
Irishmen to volunteer in the army in any
large numbers,
On May 17 it was announced in Dublin that
a German plot had been discovered in Ireland
and that an outbreak of armed violence had
been planned. On the following1 days many
Irish leaders, including Prof. Edward de
Valera and other Sinn Feiners. were arrested.
It did not appear, however, that the plot had
gone very far before it was crushed by the
authorities. The ereat war came to a close
before the conscription Question was finally
settled.
OUTLINE OF HOME RULE PLAN.
Sir Horace Plunkett made public April 12 the
report of the Irish convention. Paragraph 42
under the title. "Statement of Conclusion "
summed UD the report as follows:
"Section 1. The Irish parliament to consist
of the kinsr. senate and house of commons.
Notwithstanding the establishment of an Irish
parliament, the supreme power and authority
of the parliament of the united kingdom
shall remain unaffected and undiminished over
all persons, matters and things in Ireland and
every part thereof. (Section carried by 51 to
'"'Sec. 2. The Irish parliament to have jren-
eral powers to make laws for peace, order and
the good government of Ireland. (Section ear-
ned 51 to 19.)
"Sec. 3. The Irish parliament to have no
power to make laws on the following1: Crown
and succession, the making of peace and war
army and navy, treaties and foreign relations
dignities and titles of honor, necessary control
of harbors for naval and military purposes
coinage and weights and measures, copyrights
andpatents.
"The imperial and Irish grovernment shall
jointly arrange, subject to imperial exigencies
for the unified control of the Irish police and
postal services during, the war. provided that
as soon as possible after the cessation of hos-
tilities, the administration of these two serv-
ices shall become subject to the Irish parlia-
ment. (Section carried 49 to 16.)
Sec. 4. Restriction of the power of the
Irish parliament: prohibition of laws interfer-
ing1 with religious equality- a special provision
protecting the position of Freemasons; a safe-
guard for Trinity college and Queen's univer-
sity; money bills to be founded only on a
viceregal message: privileges and qualifica-
tions of the members of the Irish parliament
to be. limited .as in the act of 1914; rights
oi existing Irish officers to be safeguarded.
(Carried 46 to 15.)
"Sec. 5. Constitutional amendments as in
the act of 1914. (Carried 46 to 15.)
"Sec. 6. The executive power in Ireland to
continue to be invested in the king, exercisa-
ble through the lord lieutenant on the advice
of an Irish executive committee as in the act
of 1914. (Carried 45 to 15.)
"Sec. 7. Dissolution of the Irish parliament,
as in the act of 1914. (Carried 45 to 15.)
"Sec. 8. Royal assent to bills, as in the act
of 1914. (Carried 45 to 15.)
"Sec. 9. Constitution of the senate as fol-
lows: One lord chancellor, four bishops of the
Reman Catholic church, two bishops of the
Church of Ireland [Episcopal], one represent-
AND CONSCRIPTION.
ative of the general assembly, three lord may-
ors, of Dublin. Beliast and COJK; fifteen peers
resident in Ireland; eleven persons nominated
b.v the lord lieutenant, fifteen representatives
of commerce and industry, four representa-
tives of labor, one for each province; eight
representatives of county councils, two each
province. Total, 64. (Carried 48 to 19.)
"Sec. 10. Constitution ol the house of com-
mons: The ordinary elected members shall
number 160. The University of Dublin, the
University of Belfast and the National uni-
versity shall each have two members, elected
by graduates.
"Special representation shall be sriven to
uvban and industrial areas by grouping the
smaller towns and applying to them a lower
electoral Quota than the rest of the country.
"The principle of proportional representa-
tion shall be observed whenever a constit-
uency returns two or three members.
"Forty per cent of the membership in the
house of commons shall be guaranteed to the
unionists, and. in pursuance of this, twenty
members shall be nominated by the lord lieu-
tenant, with a view to due representation of
interests not otherwise adequately represented
in the provinces of Leinster. Minister and Con-
naught, and twenty additional members shall
be elected by Ulster to represent commercial,
industrial and agricultural interests, the nomi-
nated members to disappear in whole or in
part after fifteen years.
"Extra Ulster representation is not to cease
except on the decision of a three-fourths ma-
jority of both houses sitting- together.
"The house of commons shall continue for
five years, unless previously dissolved. (Car-
ried 45 to 20.)
"Sec. 11. Money bills to originate only in
the house of commons and not amendable by
the senate. (Carried 45 to 22.)
"Sec. 12. Disagreement between the houses
to be solved by a joint sitting-. (Carried 45
to 22.)
"Sec. 13. Representation in the British par-
liament to continue. Irish representatives to
have the right to deliberate and vote on all
matters. Forty-t^ro Irish representatives shall
be elected to the British house of commons.
Irish representatives in the British house of
lords to continue as at present until that cham-
ber is remodeled, when that matter shall be
reconsidered. (Carried 44 to 22.)
Sec. 14. Finance: Irish exchequer and cpn-
solidated fund to be established, an Irish
comptroller and auditor-general to be appoint-
ed, as in act of 1914. If necessary, it would
be declared that all taxes at present leviable
in Ireland should continue to be levied and col-
lected until the Irish parliament otherwise de-
cides. Necessary adjustments of revenue be-
tween Ireland and Great Britain during the
transition should be made. (Carried 51 to 18.)
"Sec. 15. Control of customs and excise by
the Irish parliament to be postponed for
further consideration until after the war, pro-
vided that that question shall be considered
and decided by the united kingdom parliament
within seven years after the conclusion of
peace. Until the question of the ultimate
control of Irish customs and excise shall be
decided, the united kingdom's board of cus-
toms and excise shall include persons nomi-
nated by the Irish treasury.
"A joint exchequer board, consisting- of two
members nominated by the imperial treasury
and two nominated by the Irish treasury,
with a chairman appointed by the king, shall
be set up to determine the true income of
Ireland.
"Until the question of the ultimate control
of the Irish customs and excise shall be de-
clared, the revenue due to Ireland, as de-
termined by the joint exchequer board, shall
be paid into the Irish exchequer. All branches
of taxation other than customs and excise
shall be under control of the Irish parlia-
ment. (Carried 38 to 30.)
"Sec. 16. The principle of imperial con-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
773
tributions is approved. (Carried unanimously.)
"Sec. 17. Accepts the report ol the sub-
committee on land purchases. (Carried unani-
mously.)
"Sec. 18. Deals with the judicial power, sim-
ilarly to the act of 1914. (Carried 43 to 17.)
"Sec. 19. The lord lieutenant shall not be a
political officer. He shall hold office six years.
Neither he nor the lords nor justices shall be
subjected to any religious disqualifications.
His salary shall be sufficient to throw the post
open to men of moderate means. (Carried 43
to 17.)
"Sec. 20. A civil service commission, con-
sisting- of representatives of the Irish uni-
versities, shall formulate a scheme of competi-
tive examinations for admission to the public
service, and nobody shall be admitted to such
service unless he holds civil service commis-
sion certificates.
"A scheme of appointments and. salaries
shall be prepared by a special commission and
no appointments shall be made until the
scheme of this commission has been approved.
(Carried 42 to 18.)
'•Section 21. The Irish government, if de-
sired, may defer taking1 over the departments
of old age pensions, national insurance, labor
exchanges, postal savings banks and friendly
societies. (Carried 43 to 16.)
The concluding1 paragraph, submittinir the
report to the imperial g-overnment. was car-
ried 42 to 35. The whole report was earned
44 to 29.
WILL NOT NEED GERMAN POTASH.
The following1 statement was issued from
the department of the interior in October.
1918:
"The United States does not need German
potash."
This statement was made by Secretary Lane.
"Germany has thought all along-, and still
thinks no doubt." continued the secretary,
"that she has a whip hand over America be-
cause of her supply of this mineral, but Amer-
ica can in two years become entirely inde-
pendent of Germany in this regard by the de-
velopment of her own deposits and the use
of processes devised by Dr. Cottrell of this
department."
When the' war started this country, having:
had nearly a quarter million tons of potash
from Germany each year, suddenly found her-
self cut off from this important fertilizer
material. That constituted a call to American
science to get busy, and very soon this coun-
try was producing- potash from the brine lakes
of California. Nebraska, and other states;
from the kelp, the seaweed of the Pacific
coast, and from various minerals. The scar-
city of potash boosted the price and these
new industries found the production very prof-
itable.
The production is not yet nearly UP to the
demand, although growing1 . rapidly. However,
Secretary Lane is not basing- his assumptions
upon the potash from these sources alone.
The romance of American science here comes
in to round out an industry that may be of.
the greatest importance. Several years ago
Dr. Frederick Cottrell, now the chief metal-
lurgist of the bureau of mines, sought some
device that would stop the poisonous fumes
from the smelters that were destroying- vege-
tation. 'This device was not only successful
with the smelters, but a cement company in
California, in dire distress from the dust fumes
that were ruining a profitable fruit growing-
country, took the chance that something- that
would stop smelter fumes might arrest the
cement dust and put an end to costly litiga-
tion with the farmers. The dust was caught
and it proved to be potash — so much potash
that the cement company with the outbreak
of the war made potash its chief product.
Another cement company in Maryland that
caught the spirit early, in 1917. after fully
amortizing its plant, cleared 8200.000 from
potash alone, and in 1918 the profits were
$500.000. This, of course, is with potash
at the present high selling- price.
The whole of Searles Lake, in California,
has been leased by the interior department
to a number of companies who have under-
taken to erect plants for the reduction of
potash from its brine. Two plants are al-
ready producing.
From alunite and leucite. minerals hitherto
regarded as worthless, potash is bfinir ob-
tained in Utah and Wyoming1.
WORK OF UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU.
The bnrean of the census in the department
of commerce in Washington, D. C., is charged
with the duty of taking periodical censuses of
the population, agriculture, manufactures and
mines and quarries of the United States, to-
gether with such special statistics as are re-
quired by congress from time to time. The next
general or decennial census will be taken in
1920. A census of electrical industries is taken
every fifth year; the last one was taken in
1918, for the statistics of 1917. Other regular
censuses include:
Wealth, debt and taxation; taken every tenth
Sear; latest statistics are for fiscal year ending
une 30. 1913.
Manufacturing industries; taken every fifth
year; last report related to calendar year
1914.
Agriculture; taken at ten year intervals; last
census was taken late in fall of 1915 and
related to the crops of that year.
Religious bodies; taken every tenth year; last
census was taken in 1916.
Water transportation on coast and inland
waters of the United States; taken every tenth
year; last census covered the year 1916.
The annual reports issued by the bureau in-
clude mortality and birth statistics: financial
statistics of cities with a population of 30,000 or
more; statistics relating to cotton production
and consumption and statistics showing the
amount of tobacco of various kinds on hand on
April 1 and Oct. 1 of each year.
Special reports issued include studies of racial
classes of population; population of metropolitan
districts; Indian population; negro population;
supplementary occupation statistics, embracing
occupations of adults and children, occupations
of women, occupations of children, occupations
of the foreign born, and unemployment: fe-
cundity of women: general statistics of cities;
statistical atlas; plantation study In the south-
ern states; age of the farmer in relation to
tenure and size of farm, stability of farm popu-
lation: Inmates of institutions (prisoners and
juvenile delinquents, paupers in slmshoiises. in-
sane and feeble-minded), the blind and the deaf.
and special monographs.
NEW YORK PRIMARY VOTE FOR GOVERNOR.
Total vote cast for the candidates of various
parties in the New York state primaries, Sept.
3. 1918, for governor.
Charles S. Whitman,. Rep 295.471
Merton E. Lewis, Rep 118,879
Alfred E. Smith, Dem 199.752
William Church Osborn, Dem 32.761
Charles W. Erwin, Soc 9,687
Charles S. Whitman, Pro 5.855
Olin S. Bishop, Pro 5,621
774
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES.
The following table of average rainfall, highest
and lowest temperatures, based upon observations
of forty-five or fewer years at selected stations
in the several states and territories of the United
States, was compiled from the records of the
weather bureau for The Almanac and Year-Book
by the United States weather bureau, Washing-
ton. D. C.:
State. Stations.
Alabama — Mobile
,4pit.-
i. MM. YMUT. Min. I«»r. tiont
108 47 102 1901 —1 1899 62.0
Montgomery 240461071881 —5189951.2
Arizona — Yuma
Arkansas — Little Rock
141 42 120 1910 22 1911 3.1
398 39 106 1901 —12 1899 49.9
California— San Fran. 206 47 101 1904 29 1888 22.3
San Diego 59461101913 25191310.0
Colorado— Denver ....5,283 46 105 1878 —29 1875 14.0
Pueblo 4,685 30 104 1902 —27 1899 12.0
Connecticut— N. Haven 120 45 100 1881 —14 1873 47.2
Dist.Col.— Washington 111 47 104 1881 —15 1899 43.5
Florida— Jacksonville. 180 47 104 1879 10 1899 53.2
Key West 14 47 100 1886 41 1886 38.7
Georgia— Atlanta 1,218 39 100 1887 —8 1899 49.4
Savannah 154471051879 8189950.3
Idaho— Boise 2.770 39 111 1898 —28 1888 12.7
Lewiston 756 23 108 1903 —18 1884 13.5
Pocatello 4.403 19 102 1901 —20 1905 12.9
Illinois— Cairo 356 47 106 1901 —16 1884 41.7
Chicago 816 47 103 1901 —23 1872 33.3
Springfield 607 39 107 1901 —24 1905 37.0
Indiana— Indianapolis. 830 47 106 1901 —25 1884 41.5
Iowa— Des Moines 861 40109 1901 —30 1884 32.4
Kansas— Dodge City.. 2,533 43108 1876 —26 1899 20.8
Kentucky— Louisville.. 654 46107 1901 —20 1884 44.3
Louisiana— N. Orleans 55 47 102 1901 7 1899 57.4
Shreveport 238451101909 —5189945.7
Maine— Eastport 7646 931901—33191443.3
Portland 103 47 103 1911 —21 1917 42.5
Maryland— Baltimore.. 78 47 104 1898 —7 1899 43.2
Massachusetts— Bost'n 125 47 104 1911 —14 1917 43.4
Michigan— Alpena .... 616 46101 1911 —27 1882 33.2
Detroit 782 47 101 1887 —24 1872 32.2
Marquette 709 47 108 1901 —27 1888 32.6
Minnesota— St. Paul.. 970 47104 1901 —41 1888 28.7
Moorliead 913371101917—48188724.9
Temperature.*"^
53U.'7
«jt.t, .bor.s
State. Stations. i.«i(ft.),n.M«. y.»r. Aim.
Mississippi— Vicksb'g. 247471011881 - ,.
Missouri-St Louisf.. 717 47107 1901 -22 1884 SU
Montana-Helena ....4.121 38 103 1886 -42 1893 12 8
Havre 2,49238108 1900—57191613.7
Nebraska-No. Platte.2,809 44 107 1877 —35 1899 18 9
Oraa.na .. 1,105 47107 1911 _32 1884 30 7
Nevada-Winnemucca.4.291 42 104 1877 -28 1888 8.4
N. Jer.— Atlantic City 16 44 99 1905 -7 1899 40.8
New York— Albany.... 97 44104 1911 —24 1904 36.4
XT ,, ?ter 52347101 1911—14190434.3
N. Mexico-Santa Fe.7,018 46 97 1878 —13 18S3 14.5
Nu£ar°1}na— Charlotte 774 40 102 1887 —5 1899 49.2
VT Wilmington 78471031879 5189951.0
r.Pa,koia~Blsmarck-1'674 43 107 1910 —45 1916 17.6
Ft. Buf'rd.Wmist'n.1.897.39 107 1883 —49 1888 15.1
Ohio— Cincinnati 767 47 105 1901 —17 1899 38.3
_ Cleveland . 762 47 99 1881 —17 1873 35.0
Oklahoma— Okla. City .1,262 27 108 1909 —17 1899 31.7
Oregon— Portland .... 58461021907 —2188845.1
Roseburg 510401061905 —6188834.4
Pennsylvania — Phila-
delphia 117471031901 —6189941.2
Pittsburgh 1,07045103 1881 —20 1899 36.4
R. Island— Block Isl'd 43 37 92 1911 —6 1917 44.4
S. Carolina— Charles'n 48 47104 1879 7 1899 52.1
S. Dakota— Rap. City.3,271 32 106 1900 — 40 1883 18.7
Yankton 1.23145107 1894—36191225.4
Tennessee— Knoxville.1,023 4T100 1887 —16 1884 49.4
Memphis 316 47 104 1901 —9 1899 50.3
Texas— Abilene 1,735321101886 —6189924.7
Galveston 6946991913 8189947.1
Utah— Salt Lake City .4,408 44102 1889 —20 1883 16.0
Vermont— Northfleld... 848 31 98 1911 —41 1917 33.8
Virginia— Norfolk 149471021887 2189549.',
Washington— Spokane.1,955 37 104 1898 —30 1888 18.8
West Virginia — Par-
kersburg 638 29 102 1911 —27 1899 40. 2
Wisconsin— Milwaukee 681 47 102 1916 —25 1875 31.4
Wyoming— Cheyenne.. 6,121 47 100 1881 —38 1875 13.6
•Corrected to Dec. 31. 1917, inclusive. fPrecipi-
tation normals adopted in 1907.
WIND BAROMETER TABLE FOR THE GREAT LAKES.
[Prepared by United States weather bureau.]
Height of barom. (lake level). Direction of wind. Character of weather and wind Indicated.
29.40 to 29.60, and steady West .Fair, slight changes in temperature, gentle to fresh
winds.
..Fair, cooler, fresh west to northwest winds.
...Warmer, increasing southerly winds.
. . Warmer, rain or snow within 36 hours, increasing
east to southeast winds.
. . Cool and clear, quickly followed by warmer, varia-
ble winds.
...No Immediate change, but winds will go to south
inside of 36 hours.
.. Rain or snow, increasing easterly winds.
.. Rain or snow, high easterly winds, followed within
48 hours by clearing, cooler, west to northwest
winds.
..Clearing, colder, fresh to brisk west to northwest
winds.
..Severe storm of wind and rain, and wind shifting
to northwest within 36 hours.
. . Severe northeaster, with heavy rain or snow, and
winds backing to northwest.
. . Clearing and cooler, probably cold wave in winter.
29.40 to 29.60, rising .West
29.40 to 29.60, falling South
29.60, or above, falling rapidly. East to south —
29.60, or above, rising rapidly. ..West to north...
29.60, or above, steady Variable
29.40, or below, falling slowly.. .South to east
29.40, or below, falling rapidly. South to east
29.40, or below, rising slowly .. .South to west..
29.20, or below, falling rapidly .South to east..
28.20, or below, falling rapidly. East to north..
29.20, or below, rising rapidly.. Going to west.
THE GENERAL EDUCATION BOARD.
The General Education board was organized
in New York Feb. 27, 1902. and incorporated
by an -act of congress signed Jan. 12. 1903.
The purposes of the board are to promote
education in the United States, without distinc-
tion as to race, sex or creed, and especially to
promote, systematize and make effective vari-
ous forms of educational beneficence. The
principal of the funds held by the board on
Mny 1, 1918. was $41.874,094, of which
$7.340,728 represented income invested. The
total of all appropriations toiade by the board
from the date of its organization to May 1,
1918, was 822,980.223.
The following1 are officers of the board:
Wallace Buttrick, president; Abraham Flexner.
secretary; E. C. Sage, assistant secretary; L.
G. Myers, treasurer; L. M. Dashiell, assistant-
treasurer.
The following- are members of the board:
Frederick T. Gates. Walter H. Page, J. D.
Rockefeller, Jr., Albert Shaw. Wallace But-
trick, Starr J. Murphy, Edwin A. Alderman.
Harry Pratt Judson, Andrew Carnegie, Wick-
liffe Rose, Jerome D. Greene, Anson Phelps
Stokes. Abraham Flexner. George E. Vincent,
James H. Dillard. Frank E. Spaulding.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
775
JFomgn ©otoernmenta.
Rulers and cabinets of the leading countries, with the latest statistics of their area, population,
exports and imports. Revised to Dec. 1, 1918. See account of war given in this volume for de-
tails of revolutions in Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary and the formation of new spates
like Poland. Czecho-Slovakia, Ukrainia. etc.
r>nv\ii nwTrpAT-w I are *or tne inner or registration district alone.
i.UKA I I.IU I AIN. Including the outer belt of suburban towns, which
Government— Kins. George V. ; heir-apparent. Ed- I are within the metropolitan police district, the
ward Albert, urince of Wales.
Prime Minister— *David Lloyd George.
Minister Without Portfolio— *George N. Barnes.
Lord Iligh Chancellor— Sir Robert B. Finlay.
Minister Without Portfolio— *Austen Chamberlain.
Minister Without Portfolio — *Lieut.-Gen. J. C.
Smuts.
Lord President of the Council — *Earl Cnrzon.
Chancellor of the Exchequer — 'Andrew Bonar
Law.
Foreign Affairs Secretary— Arthur J. Balfour.
Home Affairs Secretary— Sir George Cave.
Colonial Secretary— Walter Hume Long.
Secretary for India— Edwin S. Montagu.
Secretary for War— Viscount Milner.
Minister of Munitions— Winston S. Churchill.
First Lord of the Admiralty— Sir Eric C. Geddes.
President of the Board of Trade— Sir Albert
Stanley.
President of the Local Government Board— W.
Hayes Fisher.
Postmaster-General — Albert Illingworth.
Chief Secretary for Ireland — Edward Shortt.
Secretary for Scotland — R. Munro.
President Board of Agriculture — Rowland Proth-
ero.
First Commissioner of Works— Sir Alfred M.
Mond.
Minister of National Service— A. C. Geddes.
Attorney-General—Sir Frederick E. Smith.
Minister of Pensions — John Hodge.
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster — Lord Bea-
verhrook.
Solicitor-General — Gordon Hewart.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland — Field Marshal Vls-
count French.
Lord Advocate — James A. Clyde.
Minister of Labor — George H. Roberts.
Minister of Reconstruction — Dr. C. Addison.
President Board of Education— Herbert A. L.
Fisher.
•Members war cabinet or council.
The British parliament, in which the highest
legislative authority Is vested, consists of the
house of lords and the house of commons.
Area and Population — The total' area of England.
Scotland, Ireland. Wales, the Isle of Man and
the Channel islands is 121,391 square miles ; the
total for the British empire Is 11,498,825 square
miles. The total population of the empire in
1911 was 421,178,965. The population of the
united kingdom April 3, 1911. when the last
census was taken, was: England. 34.045.290;
Wales. 2.025.202; Scotland. 4,759.445: Ireland,
4.390.219: Isle of Man. 52,034: Channel islands,
96.900. Total. 45.369.090.
The cities of England and Wales having more
than 100,000 population each were In 1911:
Sumlerland 151.162
Oldham 147,495
London 4,522,961
Liverpool 746.566
Manchester 714.427
Birmingham 525.960
Leeds 445.568
Sheffield 454,653
Bristol 357.059
West Ham 289.102
Bradford 288.505
Newcastle 266.671
Klngston-upon-
Hnll 278.024
Nottingham — 259.942
Leicester 227.242
Salford 231. 3RD
Portsmouth 231.165
Stoke-on-Trent... 234. 5S3
Cardiff 182.280
Bolton 180.885
Croydon 169 . 559
The figures given in the above table for London
Blackburn
Brighton
Gateshead
Derby
Southampton....
Plymouth 112.042
Norwich 121.493
Birkenhead 130.832
Preston 117,113
Halifax 101,556
Burnley 106.337
Middlesbrough... 104,787
Stockport
South Shields...
Coventry
Huddersfleld
133.064
131,250
116,928
123.433
119.039
108.693
108.649
106.377
107.825
Swansea 114.673
population of "Greater London" April 3. 1911.
was 7.251.358.
Population of the chief cities in Scotland In 1911:
Glasgow 784,455
Edinburgh 320.315
Aberdeen 133,084
Dundee 165.006
Paisley 84.477
Lelth 80.489
The total population of Ireland In 1911
4,390,219, against a total of 4,458.775 in 1901.
Pooulation of the chief cities of Ireland In 1911 1
Greenock 68,911
Perth 36.995
Kilmarnock 34.729
Govan 89,725
Partick 66.848
Coatbridge 43.287
was
Lurgan 12,135
Lisburn 12,172
Wexford 11,455
Sligo 11.163
Kilkenny 13.112
Kingstown 17.227
Portadown 11.727
Ballymena 11,376
Clonmel 10.277
Dublin 309.272
Belfast 385.492
Cork 76,632
Limerick 38,403
Londonderry 40,799
Waterford 27.430
Galway 15.936
Dundalk 13,128
Drogheda 12.425
Newry 12,456
Exports and Imports — The total imports of the
British empire In 1917 were $8,500,565.000 ; of th<-
united kingdom, $5,326,380,000. Total exports f
the empire, $7,064,265,000; of the united kin
dom, $2,974,305,000. The total exports of t.
united kingdom to the United States in 19X0
were $190,082,456; Imports. $1,994,894,260.
INDIA.
Government — Governor-general, Baron Frederic
Chelmsford. Legislative authority vested In a
council of sixty-eight members, thirty-six being
official and thirty-two nonofflclal.
Area and Population — The total area of British
India is 1.773,088 square miles. The total popu-
lation according to the census of March 10,
1911. is 315,132,527. divided among the provinces
as follows:
Ajmer-Marwara 501,395
Assam 34,018.527
Bengal 52.668.269
Bombay presi-
dency 19,672,642
Burma 12,115.217
Central prov-
inces 18.916.308
Coorg 174.976
Population oJ the large cities in 1911:
Madras 41.405,404
Northwest prov-
inces 2.196.93S
United p r o v -
inces 47.182,044
Punjab 19.974.956
Baluchistan ... 414.412
Andamans 26,459
Calcutta 1,222.313
Bombay 979.445
Madras 518.660
Haidarabad 500.623
Lucknow 259. 78S
Rangoon 293.316
Benares
Delhi 232.837
Lahore 228,687
Cawnpore 178.567
Agra 185.449
Ahmedabad 215,835
Allahabad 171,697
Poona 158.856
203.804
Imports and Exports— Imports In 1917. $662,295,-
000; exports. $831,550.000. Imports from the
United States, 1918, $42,381,902; exports, $106,-
277.743.
DOMINION OF CANADA.
Government— The Canadian parliament consists of
eighty-seven life senators and a house of com-
mons of 221 members, there being one repre-
sentative for every 25,367 of population, based
upon the census of 1901. The governor-general
is the duke of Devonshire, appointed in 1916 ;
and the council is made up of the following:
Premier, Robert L. Borden : minister of agri-
culture, A. T. Crerar; minister of overseas
service. Sir Edward Kemp; customs, A. L.
Sifton ; finance. T. White ; inland revenue,
(vacancy) ; interior, Arthur Melghen ; jus-
tice, C. J. Doherty ; labor, T. W. Crothers ;
marine, fisheries and naval service, O. C. B«l-
lantyne ; militia, Maj.-Gen. Mewburn ; postmas-
ter-general, Pierre Blondin ; public works, Frank
B. Carvell ; railways and canals, J. D. Reid:
secretary of state for mines, Martin Burrell ;
trade and commerce, George B. Foster ; min-
776
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
isters without portfol
Francis Cochrane. G.
McLean. The governc
of $50,000 a year, the
other ministers $7,000 e
Area and Population — Tl
is 3,729,665 square mil
land area.
Area of provinces:
Province. Sq. miles.
o, James A. Lougheed,
D. Robertson, A. K.
r-generr.l gets a salary
premier $12,000 and the
»cli.
le total area of Canada
•s. Of Which 3.603.910 is
Province. Sq. miles.
N. Brunswick 27,985.11
Saskatchewan 251,700.00
Yukon 207,076.00
Nelson, B. C 4,476
New Glasgow, N.S. 6.383
New Westminster.
B. C 13.199
St. Thomas. Ont.. 14.054
Sarnia. Ont 9,847
Saskatoon. Sas.... 12.004
Sault Ste. Marie.
Ont 10 984
Niagara Falls.Ont. 9.248
North Bay. Ont... 7.737
N'rthToronto.Ont. 5.362
North Sydney. N.S. 5.418
North Vancouver.
B. C 8,306
Orillla. Ont....... 6.828
Shawinigan Falls,
Ont 4,265
Sherbrooke. Que.. 16.405
Smith's Falls. Ont. 6.370
Sorel. Que 8.420
Soringhill. N. S.. 5.713
Brit.Columbia 355,855.00
Nova Scotia.. 21.427.77
Ontariot 260,862.00
Prince Edward
Oshawa. Ont 7,436
Ottawa. Ont 87.062
Outremont, Que.. 4,820
Owen Sound, Ont. 12.558
Paris. Ont 4.098
Stratford. Out.... 12.946
Strathcona. Alb.. 5.579
Sudbury. Ont 4.150
Sydney. N. S 17.723
Northwest ter-
ritories} ...1.921.685.00
Sydney Mines.N.S. 7.470
Thetford Mines.
Que.- 7,261
SaebecJ 351,873.00
anltoba* ... 73.731.72
*Area increased in 191:
tlncreased in 1912 to 40
creased in 1912 to 706.834 E
in 1912 to 1.242.224 squar
The census taken June
lowing population by pr
Province. 1911.
Alberta 374.663
Total 3.729,664.96
to 251,832 square miles.
7,262 square miles, iln-
quare miles. {Decreased
e miles.
1. 1911. showed the fol-
)vinces: Pr. ct.
1901. Increase, incr.
73.022 301,641 413.08
178,657 213.823 119.68
255.211 200.403 78.52
331.120 20,769 6.27
459.574 32.764 7.13
2.182,947 340.261 15.58
103.259 *9.581 *9.2S
1.648.898 354.434 21.46
91,279 401,153 439.48
27,219 *18.707 «68.73
20,129 *1.648 *8.19
Pembroke, Ont... 5.626
Peterborough, Ont. 18,360
Portage La Prairie.
Man 5,892
Toronto, Ont 376.538
Trois-Rivieres,
Que 13,691
Port Arthur. Ont. 11.220
Port Hope, Ont... 5,092
Prince Albert. Sas. 6,254
Prince Rupert.
B. C 4.184
Truro, N. S 6.107
Valley Field. Que. 9,449
Vancouver. B. C.. 100.401
Verdun. Que 11.629
Victoria. B. C 31.660
Waterloo. Ont 4.359
Welland. Ont 5,318
Westmount. Que.. 14.579
Westville. N. B.. 4.417
Windsor. Ont 17.829
Winnipeg, Man... 136.035
Woodstock. Ont.. 9,320
B'tish Columbia 392,480
Regina.' Sas 30.'213
New Brunswick 351,889
Nova Scotia 492,338'
Ontario 2.523,274
Revelstoke. B. C. 3.017
St. Boniface. Man. 7.483
St. Catherines, Ont. 12.484
St.Hyacinthe.Que. 9,797
St. Jean. Que 5,903
St. John. N. B... 42.511
Population by origin (1
British total — 3,896,985
Prince Edw.Isl. 93.728
Quebec 2.003,232
Saskatchewan... 492.432
Yukon 8,512
911):
Dutch 54,986
No' west territ's 18,481
Total 7.206,643
•Decrease.
Population by sex and
Province. Male.
Alberta 223,989
5.371.315 1.833.212 34.13
per square mile in 1911:
Persq.
Female. Total. mile.
150,674 374,663 1.47
140.861 392.480 1.09
205.558 455,614 6.18
172,022 351.889 12.61
241.319 492,338 22.98
1.223,984 2.523.274 9.67
46,659 93,728 42.91
991.465 2,002.712 5.69
200.702 492.432 1.95
2.004 8.512
8.421 16.951
Irish 1.050.384
Scotch 997.880
Welsh 24,848
Grecian .. 3.594
Hindu 2,342
Indian 105,492
Other 723
Italian 45 411
French 2.054,890
German 393,320
Austro-Hunjf.... 129.103
Austrian 42 535
Jewish 75,681
Negro 16.877
Polish 33 365
B'tish Columbia 251.619
Manitoba 260.056
New Brunswick 179,867
Nova Scotia.... 251,019
Ontario 1.299,290
Bukovinian ... 9.960
Galician 35,158
Hungarian ..... 11,605
Ruthenian .... 29.845
Belgian 9.593
Bulgarian-Rou-
manian 5,875
Chinese 27.774
Manufactures — [From ce
year 1915.]
Establishments
Russian 4-3,142
Scandinavian ... 107,535
Swiss 6625
Prince Edw.Isl. 47,069
Quebec 1.011.247
Turkish 3,880
Various 18.310
Unspecified 147.345
Saskatchewan... 291.730
No'west territ's 8.530
Total pop 7,206,643
nsus taken in 1916 for
1910. 1915.
19.218 21,291
1,247.583.609 $1,984,991,427
44.077 52,548
$43,779,715 $60,143,704
471,126 459,311
$197,228,701 $227,508,800
$601,509.018 $791,524,420
1,165.975.639 $1,392,516,953
groups (1915) :
Wage Value
>ital. earners, products.
246,942 54,943 $377,811,758
488,359 68.616 144,691,235
178,446 53,182 119,636,755
407,682 63,578 123,250,986
081,498 20,297 70,975,644
544,786 30,817 74,038,498
283,857 4,376 34,859,927
148,588 10,436 45,410,486
371.573 14.481 27,228,413
621,994 27,011 90,943,278
066.898 8.532 28,987,250
965,499 34,195 73,878,212
331.341 5.261 8.419,648
118.405 48,001 134,255,029
135,559 15,585 38,129,834
Total 3,820,887
3,383.640 7,204.527 1.93
n 1911 was 3.924,083 and
80.444. In 1901 the rural
md the urban population
'. rural population in the
555,065 and of the urban
t for the rural and 63.83
arincipal cities and towns
Glace Bay. N. S.. 12.562
Goderich, Ont 4.552
Granby. Que 4.750
Grand Mere. Que. 4,783
Guelph. Ont 15,175
Halifax, N. S 46.619
Hamilton, Ont 81,969
Hawkesbury, Ont. 4,400
Hull. Que 18,222
The rural population 1
the urban population 3.2
population was 3,369.018 i
2.002.297. The increase o
ten years was therefore
1,278,147. or 16.48 per «en
per cent for the urban.
The population of the
In 1911 was:
Amherst. N. S.... 8.973
Arnprior, Ont 4.405
Barrie. Ont 6.420
Belleville, Ont 9.876
Berlin, Ont 15,196
Brandon. Man 13.839
Brantford. Out.... 23.132
Brockville. Ont... 9,374
Calgary Alb .... 43704
Capital !
Employes on salaries....
Salaries
Employes on wages
Wages
Industries by principal
Establish-
Groups. ments Cat
Food products 6,470 $198,
Textiles 2,670 126,
Iron and steel 849 194,
Timber, lum.. 3,181 263,
Charlottetown.
p. E 1 11.198
Ingersoll. Ont 4.763
Jollette. Que 6.346
Paper.printing 1,306 138,
Chatham. N. B... 4.666
Chatham. Ont.... 10.770
Cobalt Ont .. 5 638
Kamloops. B. C.. 3,772
Kaslo, B. C 3,146
Chemicals ... 255 52.
Clay.glass.etc. 771 96,
Metals other
than steel... 1.173 174
Kenora, Ont 6.158
Chksontimi. Que.. 5,880
Ooborg. Ont 6.074
Kingston. Ont.... 18.874
Lachine, Que 10,699
CollinKWood. Ont. 7.090
Cornwall. Ont.... 6,598
Leathbridee. Alb'. 8.050
Levis. Que 7,452
Vehicles , 464 125,
Vessels 103 12
Dartmouth, N. S.. 5,058
Dawson. Yukon... 3.013
Dnndas. Ont 4.299
Edmonton. Alb... 24,900
Fernie. B. C 3.146
Ft. Willinm. Ont. 16.499
Frnservllle. Que.. 6.774
Frpdrrlcfnn. N. B. 7.208
Gait. Ont 10.299
London Ont 46300
Miscellaneous. 1,440 441,
Hand trades.. 1.579 26
MaiRonneuve. Que. 18.684
Medicine Hat.Alb. 5,608
Midland. Ont 4.663
Moncton. N B 11.345
Montreal. Que 470.480
Moosejaw. Sag.... 13,823
Nannlmo. B. O... 8.306
Total 21,291 1,984,991,427 459,311 1,392,516,963
War trade in manufactures in 1915:
Food products $5,789,354
Textiles 23.319,65*
Iron and steel products .. 34.094.867
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 191U.
777
Timber ami lumber and their remaiiu-
factures $3.471,792
Leather and its finished products 13,159,261
Paper and printing 63,853
Liquors and beverages 19,358
Chemicals and allied products 8,519,735
Clay, glass and otone products 82,168
Metal and metal products other than
iron and steel 9.837,013
Tobacco and Its manufactures 127,686
Vehicles for land transportation 16,955,562
Vessels for water transportation 2,471,489
Miscellaneous industries 12,554,510
Total 130.466.307
Religions of Canada in 1911. Figures here
given are only for denominations having more
than 10,000 members:
Adventists 10.406
Anglicans 1,043.017
Baptists 382.666
10.012
16.773
Greek church... 88,507
Jews 74,564
Lutherans 229.864
Mennonites .... 44.611
Methodists 1.079.892
Mormons 15.971
Presbyterians ..1.115.324
Protestants 30.265
Roman Catholics2,833,041
Salvation Army 18.834
Buddhists
Christians
Confucians 14.562
Congregati'alists 34.054
Disciples 11.329
Doukbobors .... 10.493
Evangelicals ... 10.595
Imports and Exports — The total value of the ex-
ports for the year ended March 31, 1917, was
$1, 375, 758,148 ; exports, not given. Imports from
the United States (1918), $778,509,792; exports
to the United States. $434,254,567.
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.
July 9, 1900, the British parliament passed an
act empowering the six provinces of Australia to
form a federal union and Jan. 1. 1901. the new
commonwealth was proclaimed at Sydney, N. S.
W. Its flrst parliament was opened May 9. 1901,
by the prince of Wales (now George V.). heir-
apparent to the British throne, acting for his
father. King Edward VII. The capital at pres-
ent is in Melbourne.
Government — The federal parliament is made up
of a senate of thirty-six members, six from
each original state, and a house of representa-
tives of seventy-five members, apportioned as
follows: New South Wales. 27: Victoria. 21:
Queensland. 10: South Australia. 7: Western
Australia, 5: Tasmania. 5. The king is repre-
sented by the governor-general. He and the
council of seven ministers exercise the execu-
tive power. The governor-general is paid a
salary of $50,000 a year. The governor-general
is Ronnld C. Munro-Ferguson. The ministers
are: W. M. Hughes, prime minister; L-. E.
Groom, public works and railways ; J. A. Jen-
sen, trade and customs : G. F. Pearce, de-
fense; W. Webster, postmaster-general; Hugh
Mahon, external affairs ; P. McM. Glynn, home
affairs ; J. A. Jensen, minister of customs :
J. Cook, minister of the navy ; W. A. Watt,
treasurer.
Area and Population — The commonwealth has a
total area of 2.974.581 square miles, divided
among the states as follows:
North'rn Terrlt'y.523.620
West'n Australia.975,920
Tasmania 26,215
New South Wales.310.372
Victoria 87.884
Queensland 670, 500
South Australia... 380.070
The total population of the commonwealth as
enumerated April 2. 1911. was 4.455.005, divided
among the states as follows:
Western Austra-
lia 282.114
Tasmania 191.211
New South Walesl. 648,448
Victoria 1.315,551
Queensland 605.813
South Australia. 408.558
North'n Terrify 3.310 Total 4.455.005
The population of 'Melbourne in 1911 was 600.160;
Sydney (1911). 636.353: Adelaide (1911), 192.429;
Wellington (1911). 70,729: Brisbane (1911). 143.514.
Exports and Imports— The total exports of the
states in the commonwealth in 1917 were $489,-
470,750; total imports, $380.895,100. Australia
in 1918 exported merchandise valued at $49,471,-
485 to the United States and imported mer-
chandise worth $66,581,501.
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Sept. 29, 1909. the British parliament passed an
act empowering the four seff -governing colonies
of South Africa— Cape of Good Hope. Natal,
Transvaal and Orange Free State — to form a
federal government to be known as the Union of
South Africa. This was proclaimed May 31. 1910.
at Pretoria, the seat of government, other serv-
ices taking place at Cape Town, the seat of the
legislature.
The executive government is vested in the king,
represented by a governor-general, and an ex-
ecutive council and in ten ministers of state
Legislative power is vested in a parliament con-
sisting of a senate and a house of assembly.
The senate contains forty members, eight of
whom are nominated by the governor-general in
council and thirty-two elected by the four prov-
inces, each of which is entitled to eight senators.
The assembly consists of 121 members, chosen In
electoral divisions as follows: The Cape of Good
Hope, 51; Natal, 17: Transvaal, 36: Orange Free
State. 17. Senators are elected for ten years and
assemblymen for five. The English and Dutch
languages are both official.
Imports and Exports— The total imports of the
four states in- 1917 were valued at $182,381,000
and the exports at $143,471,500. Exports to the
United States in 1918, $33,295,835; imports. $35.-
223,720.
Governor-General — Viscount Buxton of Newtim-
ber. Cabinet: Premier and minister of native
affairs, Gen. Louis Botha ; finance, T. Orr ; de-
fense, J. O. Smutsi; railways, Henry Burton;
justice, N. J. de Wet ; education and mines.
F. S. Malan ; interior and public works. Sir
T. Watt ; agriculture, H. C. Van Heerden ;
lands, H. Mentz; posts and telegraphs. Sir
Meiring Beck ; without portfolio. J. A. G.
Graaf.
Area in square miles and population in 1911:
Province. Area. Population.
Cape of Good Hope 276.995 2.564.965
Natal 35.290 1.194.043
Transvaal .- 110.426 1.686.212
Orange Free State 50.389 628.174
Total 473.100 5.973.394
ALBANIA.
Albania before the great war was an autono-
mous kingdom created at a conference of ambas-
sadors i» London May 30, 1913, as> a result of
the Balkan wars. Its territory formerly com-
prised the Turkish provinces of Scutari and Ya-
nina. It has an area of 11,317 square miles and
a population of nearly 1,000,000. Until the out-
break of the European war in August, 1914. it
was governed by a king (mpret) and an inter-
national commission. William I., prince of Wied,
was the first king, but he was on the throne
only half a year, an insurrection compelling him
to leave the capital, Durazzo. Sept. 2. 1914. Since
then the country has been in a state of dis-
order. The Austrlans captured the greater part
of it in the winter of 1915-1916.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
Government— In October and November, 1918. the
Austrian empire, as a result of the defeat of
its armies in Italy, Serbia and Albania by
the allied forces, crumbled and practically
ceased to exist. Instead the various state*
declared their independence and formed sep-
arate republics. Emperor Charles I. abdicated
Oct. 30. 1918. See account of war in this
volume for further details of the fall of the
empire.
Area and Population— Area of Austria, 115.903
square miles: of Hungary. 125.395 square miles.
The population of Austria in 1910 was 28,324.940.
The population of Hungary in 1910 was 20.886.787.
Total population for both countries in 1910 was
49.211.727.
Largest cities of Austria in 1910:
Vienna 2.031.49S
Trieste 229.475
Prague 223.741
Lemberg 206.113
Cracow (1909)... 151.886
Gratz 151.781
Brunn 125,737
Czernowitz 87.12S
Pilsen 80.34J
Lini 67,817
Pola 58.081
778
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Largest cities of Hung
Budapest 880.371
ary in 1910:
Poszony . . .
Temesvar .
.. 78.223
72.555
Imports and Exports— Total exports in 1914, $240,-
957,200; imports. $220,913,300. The imports from
the United Statesi in 1918 were $4,969,542 ; ex-
ports, $1,022,397. Leading articles of export are
butter, pork, eggs and lard ; of import, textile*.
118,328
Szabadka ..
Debreczen ..
94,610
92,729
.. 79.038
Kecskemet
Arad
HoduiezoVa
66.834
63.166
i'rholy 62.445
Imports and Exports—The value of the imports
into the Austro-Huugarian customs territory in
1914, the latest year for which figures are
available, was $573,580,000; exports, $419,980,000.
Chief imports are cotton, coal, wool, maize, to-
bacco, coffee and wines ; principal exports lum-
ber and wool manufactures, sugar, eggs, bar-
ley, lignite, malt, leather, gloves and shoes.
No .trade with the United States in 1918.
BELGIUM.
Government — King, Albert I. Cabinet:
Premier and Minister of War— Ch. de Broqueville.
Foreign Affairs — Baron Beyens.
Interior— Paul Berryer.
Finance — A. Van de Vyvere.
Justice — H. Carton de Wiart.
Agriculture and Public Works— G. Helleputte.
Industry and Labor— M. A. Hubert.
Science and Arts— P. Poulet.
Colonies— J. Renkio.
"Railways, Marine, Posts and Telegraphs — P.
Segers.
Ministers Without Portfolio — Count Goblet-
d'Alviella, P. Hymans and E. Vandevelde.
The legislative power is vested in the king.
senate and chamber of representatives. The sen-
ate has 120 members and the chamber 186. or one
for every 40.000 inhabitants.
Area and Population — Total area. 11,373 square
miles. Total population, 1910, 7,423,784; estimated
population, 1912, 7,571,387. Population of the
largest cities Dec. 31. 1912:
Antwerp 312.884 I Liege 170,634
Brussels (capital).663.647 I Ghent 167.477
Imports and Exports — The imports in the first
six months of 1914 amounted to $460,630,000 and
the exports to $370,795,000. The trade with the
United States in 1918 was: Imports, $91,238,-
638; exports, $80,053. Chief imports in normal
times are cereals, textiles and metal goods ;
chief exports, cereals, raw textiles, tissues,
iron, glass, hides, chemicals and machinery.
BULGARIA.
Government — King Ferdinand was compelled to
abdicate as* the result of the defeat of his
military forces by the allies in Macedonia and
Serbia. No settled government had been
formed up to Dec. 1. 1918.
Area and Population — Area. 43,310 square miles.
Population In 1914, 4,752,997. Population of
Sofia, the capital. 102.769
Imports and Exports— Exports in 1914, $28,812,300 ;
imports, $44,586,800. Exports to the United
States in 1918, $8,569; imports, none. The ex-
ports are mainly cereals and the imports tex-
tiles.
DENMARK.
Government— King. Christian X.: heir-apparent.
Prince Christian Frederick. Cabinet:
Premier and Minister of Justice — Carl Theodor
/able.
Finance — Edvard Brandes.
Foreign Affairs— Erik Seavenius.
Home Affairs — Ove Rode.
Agriculture — Kr. Pederson.
Instruction — Soren Reiser-Nielsen.
Commerce — Christopher Hage.
Public Works — Jens H. Jorgensen.
Defense — P. Munch.
Legislative authority is vested in the lands-
thing and folkething. The former, which is the
upper house, has 66 members, twelve of whom
are appointed for life, the remainder being
elected for terms of eight years. The folkething.
or lower house, has 114 members, each elected
for three years.
Area and Population— Denmark's area is 15,582
square miles and total population In 1916,
2,940,979. Copenhagen, the capital, has a popu-
lation of 506,390; with suburbs, 605,772.
FRANCE.
Government— President. Raymond Poincare; term
expires 1920.
Premier and Minister of War— Georges Clemen-
ceau.
Foreign Affairs — Stephen Pichon.
Justice — Louis Nail.
Public Instruction — Louis Lafferre.
Colonies — Henry Simon.
Finance — Louis Lucien Klotz.
Marine — Georges Leygues*.
Munitions — Louis Loucheur.
Interior — Jules Pams.
Commerce — Etienne Clementel.
Labor— G. R. Colliard.
Blockade — M. LeBrun.
Agriculture and Provisions — Victor Bovet.
Public Works— Albert Claveille.
Legislative authority is vested in the chamber
of deputies and the senate. The former lias 662
members, each of whom is elected for four years.
The senate has 300 members, elected for nine
years. The presidential term is seven years.
Area and Population— France has a total area of
207,054 square miles. The area of the French
colonies and dependencies throughout the world
is 4,367.746 square miles. Total population
(1911) of France proper. 39.601.509. Population
of the principal cities in 1911:
Paris 2.888,110
Marseilles 550,619
Lyons 523.796
Bordeaux 261,678
Lille 217.807
Nantes 170.535
Toulouse 149,576
St. Etienne 148.656
Nice 142.940
Havre" 136.159
Imports and Exports— The total imports in 1916
amounted to $3,031,880,000; exports, $974,270,000.
Exports to the United States in 1918, $75,638,-
078; Imports from. $890,481.513. The chief ex-
ports are textiles, wine, raw silk, wool, small
wares and leather; imports, wine, raw wool,
raw silk, timber and wood, leather, skins and
linen.
GERMANY.
Government — In November, 1918, a revolution oc-
curred in Germany as the result of the defeat
of her armies by the allies. Emperor William
II. was forced to abdicate and his cabinet was
dispersed. No stable government had been
formed up to Dec. 1, 1918. For further de-
tails see account of war in this volume.
Area and Population— The area of the states la
the old empire was 208,780 square miles ; area
of dependencies about 1,027,820 square miles ;
grand total, 1,236,600 square miles.
The last federal census was taken Dec. 1. 1910.
According to this the population of the empire
was 64,925,933. The estimated population of tie
foreign dependencies was 13,946,200. State pop-
ulation in 1910:
Prussia 40,165.219
Bavaria 6.887,291
Wurttemberg... 2,437,574
Baden 2.142.833
Saxony 4.806,661
Hesse 1.282.219
Mecklenburg-
Schwerin .... 639.958
Oldenburg 483.042
Brunswick .... 494.339
Saxony 417.149
Mecklenburg-
Strelitz
106,442
Hamburg 1,014,664
Reuss, elder
branch
72,769
Lubeck 116,599
Bremen 295,715
Saxe-Meinlngen 278,762
Anhalt 331.128
Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha 257.177
Saxe-Altenburg 216.128
Lippe 150,937
Schwarzburir-
Rud 100.702
Sehwarzb'urg-
Sond 89.917
Reuss, junior
branch 152.752
Schaumburg-
Lippe 46,652
Waldeck
61.707
Alsace-Lorraine 1,874,014
Total ... ,...64,925.293
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
77O
German cities having more than 150,000 inhab-
itants in 1910 included the following:
Berlin 2,071,257
Hamburg 931,035
Munich 596,467
Leipzig 589,850
Dresden 548,308
Cologne 516,527
Hresluu 512,105
Frankfort am. M. 414.576
Duesseldorf .... 358,728
N urn berg 333,142
Charlottenburg.. 305,978
Hanover 302,375
Essen 294,653
Chemnitz 287,807
Stuttgart 286,218
Magdeburg 279,629
Bremen 247,437
Rixdorf 237.289
Stettin 236.113
Duisburjt 229.483
Dortmuud 214.226
Kiel A 211.627
Maunheim 193.902
Halle-on-Saale.. 180,843
Strassburg 178.S91
Schoenebersr .... 172,823
Altona 172.628
Danzig 170.337
Elberfeld 170.195
Gelsenkirchen... 169.513
Barmen 169. 214
Posen 156.691
Aachen 156.143
Cassel 153.196
Koenigsberg . . . 245,994
Exports and Imports — Total exports (first six
months of 1914), $1,246,240,000; total imports,
$1, 346, 570, 000. No details of Germany's com-
merce since the war began have been made
public.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, Ger-
many exported $64,094 worth of merchandise
to the United States : there were no imports
from the United States. •
Sovereigns of States.*
Anhalt— Duke, Eduard.
Baden — Grand duke, Friedrich II.
Bavaria — King, Ludwig III.
Brunswick — Duke. Ernst Augustus.
Hesse— Grand dnke. Ernst Ludwig.
Lippe — Count. Leopold IV.
Meeklenburg-Schwerin — Grand duke. Friedrich
Franz V.
Mecklenbure-Strelitz— Grand duke, Adolph Fried-
rich IV.
Oldenburg — Grand duke. Friedrich August.
Prussia— King. Wilhelm II.
Reuss, Elder Branch— Prince, Helnrtch XLV.
Reuss. Younger Branch— Prince, Heinrich XXVII.
Saxe-Altenburg — Duke, Ernst II.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha — Duke. Charles Edward.
Saxe-Meiningen — Duke, Bernhard.
Saxony (grand duchy) — Grand duke. Wilhelm Ernst.
Saxony— King. Friedrich August III.
Schaumburg-Lippe — Prince. Adolf.
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt — Prince, Gunther.
Waldeck— Prince. Friedrich.
Wnrttemberg— King. Wilhelm II.
•This list is as it stood before the revolution
in November, 1918. AH the sovereigns were then
reported to have been deposed or to have abdi-
cated.
GREECE. i
Government — King, Alexander. Cabinet :
President of the Council and Minister of War—
Eleutherios Venizelos.
Foreign Affairs— M. Politis.
Marine — Admiral Coundouritis.
Interior— M. Raktivan.
Communications — M. Papanastasion.
Finance — M. Negrepontes.
Justice — M. Tsirimokos.
Agriculture — M. Michalacopoulos.
Education — M. Dingas.
Legislative authority is vested in one chamber,
the boule. consisting of 235 members, each of
whom is elected for four years.
Area and Population — Total area, 41,933 square
miles. Population in 1914, 4,821,300. Athens in
1907 had 167,479 inhabitants ; Piraeus, 73,579 ;
Patras, 37.724; Saloniki (1913), 160,000.
Exports and Imports — The total exports in 1916
amounted in value to $20,433,200; imports, $45,-
705,0«0. Exports to the United States in 1918.
$18,481.432; imports from the United States,
$2,573,882. The leading exports are currants,
ores, olive oil and figs ; imports, foodstuffs,
textiles, coal and timber.
ITALY.
Government — King. Victor Emmanuel III.; heir
to the crown, his son Humbert, prineo of
Piedmont, born Sept. 36. 1904.
President of Council and Minister of Interior—
Vittorio Orlando.
Foreign Affairs — Baron Sonnino.
Grace and Justice — Sig. Sncchi.
Treasury — Francesco Nitti.
Finance — Sig. Meda.
War — Gen. Zuppelli.
Public Instruction — Sig. Barenlnl.
Public Works— Sig. Dari.
Agriculture— Sig. Miliuni.
Posts and Telegraphs — Sig. Fera.
Colonies — Sig. Colosimo.
Military Aid and Pensions— Sig. Bissolati.
Marine — Vice-Admiral Del Buono.
Industry and Commerce — Sig. Giufelli.
Legislative authority vests in the king and par-
liament. The latter consists of a senate of 410
members (in 1916) and a chamber of deputies of
508 members.
Area and Population— The area of Italy is 110.632
square miles. According to the census of Jan.
1, 1915, the total population' was 36,120,118.
Population of the principal cities:
Naples 697,917
Milan 663,059
Rome 590,960
Turin 451,994
Palermo 345,891
Genoa 300,139
Florence 242,147
Catania 217,389
Bologna 189,770
Venice 168,038
Messina 150,000
Livorno 108.585
Exports and Imports — The value of merchandise
exported in 1917 was $466,786,680; imported.
$1,546,300. The total value of exports to the
United States in 1918 was $30,014.349 ; imports
from the United States, $477.530.702. Chief im-
ports are coal, cotton, grain, silk, wool, timber,
machinery, sugar and oil ; chief exports, silk,
wine, oil, coral, sulphur, hemp and flax.
MONTENEGRO.
King, Nicholas I.* Area, 5,603 square miles;
population, 516,000 ; of the capital, Cetinje, 4,500.
Total exports in 1910. $498.200: imports. $1,701.300.
Montenegro has practically no trade with the
United States. Chief exports are sumac, smoked
sardines, cattle, sheep, goats, cheese, olive oil.
wine and tobacco. Imports' include petroleum, salt,
maize, cottons, hardware, sugar, coffee and rice.
'Reported deposed Dec. 1, 1918.
NORWAY.
Government— King. Haakon VII.; crown prince.
Olaf.
President of Council and Minister of Agriculture
— Gunuar Knudsen.
Foreign Affairs— Nils C. Ihlen.
Justice— Otto A. Blehr.
Commerce — C. Friis-Peterson.
Labor — F. A. M. Nalum.
Finance— Anton T. Omholt.
Education and Worship — Jorgen Lovland.
Defense— Gen. Holtfodt.
Social Affairs— Lars K. Abrahamson.
Legislative authority is vested in the storthing.
consisting of 123 members elected for three years
through universal suffrage by men and women.
The storthing consists of two houses, the odels-
thiiig and the lagthing. The former is made up
of three-fourths of the members of the storthing
and the latter of one-fourth.
Area and Population— The total area of Norway
is 124.130 square miles. Total population in De-
cember. 1910. 2.391.782. Christiania in 1910 had
a population of 241,834 and Bergen 76,867.
Imports and Exports — The value of the imports in
1915 was $216,992,200; exports, $165.249.100. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1918, $8,235,020;
imports, $25,211,242. The chief exports are tim-
ber and wood manufactures, wood pulp, malty
food, paper and minerals; imports, breadstuff's,
groceries, yarn, textiles, vessels and machinery.
PORTUGAL.
Government— President. Admiral Canto y Castro.
Cabinet:
Minister of Finance — Xavier Esteves.
Foreign Affairs— Senhor Santo Lima. '
Justice — Senhor Castro.
Public Works — Ma.1. Herctilano Galhardo.
War — Am Hear Motta.
780
AUMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB, 1919.
Instruction — Dr. Barbosa de Magalhaes.
Labor— Senbor Forbes Bessa.
Colonies— Senbor Yasconcells.
Legislative authority is vested In a national
council of 164 members and an upper bouse of
71 members. The first elections were held May
28. 1911. and the assembly opened June 19.
Area and Population— Total area, including Azores
and Madeira. 35,490 square miles. Area of pos-
sessions in Africa and Asia, SOI, 060 square
miles. The population of the home country
•with the Azores and Madeira in 1911 was
5,957.985; of the colonies in Africa and Asia.
9,139,444. In 1910 Lisbon had a population of
356.009 and Oporto 167.955.
Imports and Exports— Total imports In 1916, $12,-
503,000; total exports, $24.642,500. Imports from
the United States In 1918, $21,681,537 ; exports
to the United States, $5,030,633. The chief im-
ports are foodstuffs, cotton, sugar, fish, wool,
leather, coal and coffee ; chief exports, wine,
sardines, copper ore, olives and figs.
ROUMANIA.
Government — King, Ferdinand.
Legislative authority is vested in a senate of
120 members elected for eight years and a cham-
ber of deputies of 183 members elected for four
years.
Area and Population— The total area is 53.689
square miles. The population in 1899 was5, 956. 690:
in 1914, 7,508,009. Population of the principal
towns (in 1912): Buk barest, 338,109; Jassy,
75.882; Galatz. 71.719: Braila, 64.730.
Exports and Imports — The value of the exports in
1913 was $134,141,000 ; of the imports, $118,002,500.
The chief exports are cereals and the leading
imports are textiles. Exports to the United
States in 1918, none; Imports from, $310,774.
RUSSIA.
Government— Ruled in 19l8 by a soviet or council
of soldiers, workmen and peasants. See ac-
count of war in this volume for latest develop-
ments.
Area and Population— Area, 8,764,586 square miles.
Total population in 1915, 182,182,600. Popula-
tion of the principal cities:
Petrograd (1915). 2,318,645
Moscow (1915).. 1,817,100
Warsaw (1915)..
Odessa (1912)...
Lodz (1910)
Riga (1913)
Kiev (1913)...
Kharkov (1913). 249,698
Yekaterinoslav
(1912) 220,446
Saratov (1913).. 235,300
Vilna (1913).... 203,940
Kazan (1913).... 194,246
789,289
631,040
415,604
558,000
626,313
Imports and Exports — The total value of the Im-
ports in 1916 was $576,500.000; of the exports,
$201,000,000. The exports to the United States
in 1918 amounted in value to $15,146,826; im-
ports from the United States, $116.705,346. The
chief exports are foodstuffs, timber, oil, furs
and flax ; imports, raw cotton, wool, metals,
_ leather, hides, skins and machinery.
FINLAND.
The grand duchy of Finland, formerly a prov-
ince of Russia, is now an independent state but
without a settled form of government. See ac-
count of war in this volume. The area of Fin-
land is 125,689 square miles and the population
Jan. 1. 1914, was 3,231,995.
SERBIA.
Government— King. Peter I. (Karageorgevitch);
heir-apparent. Prince Alexander (second son) ;
premier, N. P. Pashitch. Legislative authority
is vested in a single -chamber, called "skup-
shtina." of 160 elected members.
Area and Population— Area, 33,891 square miles.
Population in 1910, 2.911,701; in 1914. 4,547,990.
The capital, Belgrade, had 90,890 inhabitants
before the war witli Austria. Nlsh. the war
capital, had 24.949 inhabitants in 1911.
Exnorts and Imnorts— Total value of exports in
1912, $18,595,000; imports, $14,703,000. Exports to
the United States in 1918, none; imports, $17,-
497. The exports are mainly agricultural prod-
ucts and animals and the imports cotton and
woolen goods and metals.
SPAIN.
Government— King, Alfonso XIII. ; heir-apparent.
Prince Alfonso. Cabinet:
Premier— Marquis de Alhucemas.
Foreign Affairs — Count Alvar de Romanones.
Interior — Louis Silvela.
Finance — Don Santiago Alba.
War— Gen. Berenger.
Marine — Jose Chacon.
Public Instruction — Senor Burels.
Justice — Senor Bergada.
Area and Population — Total area. 194.783 square
miles. Total population of Spain Jan. 1, 1914,
20,355,986. Population of large cities (1910) :
Madrid 599,807
Barcelona 587,411
Valencia 233.348
Seville 155.366
Malaga 133,045
Murcia 124,985
Ssiragossa 105.788
Cartagena 96,98;;
Bilbao 92.514
Granada 77.425
Valladolid 67.742
Cadiz 67.174
Imports and Exports— The exports of Spain in
1917 amounted to $260,668,900; imports, $265,-
577.000. Total exports to the United States in
1918, $24,565,565; imports, $67,183,288. Chief ex-
ports are wine, sugar, timber, animals, glass-
ware and pottery; imports, cotton and cotton
manufactures, machinery, drugs and chemical
products.
SWEDEN.
Government— King. GustafV.: crown prince. Gus-
taf Adolf.
Premier— Prof. Eden.
Foreign Affairs — Dr. Hellner.
Finance — F. V. Thorsson.
Marine— M. Palmstjerna.
War— E. A. Nilsson.
Education— M. Ryden.
Interior— P. A. V. Schotte.
Agriculture— M. Pettersen.
Justice — M. Loevgren.
Ministers Without Portfolios— M. Petren and M.
Luden.
Legislative authority is vested in a parliament
of two chamjbers1. the first of which has a mem-
bership of 150 and the second 230. Members of
the upper house are elected by "landsthings" or
provincial representations and municipal corpora-
tions for terms of six years. The second cham-
ber members are elected for three years by uni-
versal suffrage.
Area and Population— The total area of Sweden
is 172.876 square miles. The population Dec. 31.
1913, was 5,522,403. The population of the prin-
cipal cities at the same time was:
Stockholm 382,085
Gothenburg 178,030
Malmo 98,821
Norkoping
Gaefle
46,180
__ . 35,736
Ueisingborg ".'.'.'.'.. 34,742
Imports and Exports — The total imports in 1917
were valued at $316,518,000 ; exports. $432,326,750.
Exports to the United States in 1918. $10,636,354 ;
imports, $4,122,550. The leading articles of ex-
port are timber and machinery ; of import, tex-
tile goods and foodstuffs.
SWITZERLAND.
Government— President of federal council (1919) —
Gustav Ador.
Vice-President— Dr. Edouard Muller.
Legislative authority is vested in a state and
a national council, the former having 44 and
the latter 167 members. The national councilors
are elected directly by the 'People: the state
councilors are elected in some cantons by the
people and in others by the cantonal legislature.
The chief executive authority is vested In the
bundesrath, or federal council, one member of
which is the chief of one of the federal depart-
ments. Its decrees are enacted as a body. Its
members are elected president in rotation.
Switzerland owns its main railroads. Us tele-
graph and telephone system and monopolizes tho
manufacture ami sale of alcohol.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
781
Area and Population— Total area. 15,976 square
miles. The population, according to the census
of July 1, 1915, was 3,880.500. Population of the
largest cities (1916) :
Zurich 200,2001 Bern 96,900
Basel 137,000 St. Gallon 71.400
Geneva 131.000 ' Lausanne 67,500
Exports and Imports — Total exports in 1918,
1489,401,750; imports, $475,600,000. Exports to the
United States in 1918; $18.862,990; imports.
$21.219,405. The articles chiefly exported are
cottons, silks, clocks and watches ; imported,
foodstuffs, silk, minerals and metals, clothing
and animals.
THE NETHERLANDS.
Government — Queen, Wilhelmina; prince consort,
Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ; heir, Princess
Juliana. Cabinet:
Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior—
Jonkheer Ruys de Beerenbrouck.
Foreign Affairs— Jon-kheer Karnebeek.
Agriculture. Commerce. Industry and Labor— Mr.
H. A. Ysselsteyn.
War and Navy (ad interim)— Jonkheer A. van
Gensan.
Navy— Mr. J. J. Rambonne.
Justice — Mr. Heemskerk.
Finance — Mr. de Vries.
Colonies— Mr. Ydenburg.
Labor— Mr. Aalherre.
Legislative authority is vested in the states-
general, composed of two chambers, the first hav-
ing 60 members and the second 100. The latter
are elected directly and the former by the pro-
vincial states.
Area and Population— The area of Holland, or the
Netherlands, is 12,648 square miles. The total
population Dec. 31, 1914, was 6,339,705. That of
the chief cities Dec. 31, 1914, was:
Amsterdam 609,084
Rotterdam 472,520
The Hague 312,430
Utrecht 127,086
Groningen 82,809
Haarlem 71.883
Arnhem
66,129
Leiden 59,560
Imports and Exports— In 1917 Holland imported
$319,274,274 worth of merchandise and exported
$204.824,360. In 1918 the exports to the United
States amounted to $16,396,633 ; and the imports
from the same country to $11,188,021. Chief
imports are iron and steel and their manufac-
tures, textiles, coal, cereals and flour; exports,
butter, sugar and cheese.
DUTCH EAST INDIES.
Area, 735,000 square miles ; population, 48,000,000;
area of Java and Madura, 60,557 square miles ;
population, 36,015,435. The chief exports are
sugar, coffee, tea, rice. Indigo, cinchona, to-
bacco, copra and tin.
TURKEY.
Government — Sultan, Mohammed VI. Cabinet:
lira ml Vizier and Minister of Interior— Tewflk
Pasha.
Justice— Hairi Effendi.
Foreign Affairs — llefast Pasha.
Sheik-ul-Islam — Houloussl Effendi.
Marine — Djemal Pasha.
Finance — Djaved Bey.
Public Instruction, Posts and Telegraphs— Said
Bey.
President Council of State— Rachid Aki Pasha.
Public Works— Zel Pasha.
War — Gen. Enver Pasha.
Commerce — Shereef Bey.
A constitutional form of government was adopt-
i>d July 24, 1908, with legislative authority vested
In a parliament.
Area and Population — Before the war the area of
Turkey in Europe was 8,644, of whole empire.
710,224 square miles. The total population of
all parts of the empire is 21,273,000. Constan-
tinople has about 1,203,000 inhabitants.
Ilxports and Imports — The total exports in 1914
amounted in value to $107,180.600 and the im-
ports to $204.048,000. There was no trade with
the United Statos in 1918. The principal arti-
cles imported are cloth and clothing, sugar.
coffee, flour, rice and manufactures of iron ; ex-
ports, grapes, silk, grain, cocoons, wool, cot-
ton, carpets, hides and skins.
ASIA.
AFGHANISTAN.
Ameer. Hab'lbullah Khan; population. ' abont
6,000,000; area, 250,000 square miles. No statis-
tics as to imports and exports of Afghanistan
are available. The chief productions are pre-
served fruits, spices, wool. silk, cattle and to-
bacco.
BOKHARA.
Ameer, Say Id Mir Aliui Khan; heir, Sayld Mir
Ibrahim. The area of Bokhara is about 83.000
square miles and the population 1,250,000. The-
products are corn, tobaqco, fruit, silk and hemp.
Since 1873 Bokhara has been a dependency of
Russia.
CHINA.
Government — President, Hsu Shih-chang. The
president and vice-president are each elected
for a term of five years. Legislative power is-
nominally vested in a single house assembly,
but It Is practically only an advisory body.
The president possesses autocratic powers and
China is a republic in name only.
Area and Population — Total area of China, with
dependencies, 3,913,560 square miles: estimated
population. 320,050.000.
Exports and Imports— The total exports in 1916-
amounted to $402,492,500, and the imports to-
$430,339,000. During the fiscal year 1918 goods,
to the value of $49,507,271 were imported from
the United States. The total exports in the
same period to the United States amounted to
$140,777,343. The articles imported from Amer-
ica consist mainly of flour, kerosene, sago,
India rubber, shoes, ginseng, quicksilver, white
shirting, drills and broadcloth. Among the
leading exports are tea. furs, wool, mats, fans,
essential oils, straw braid, silks, hair, hides-
and hemp.
JAPAN.
Government — Emperor, Yoshihlto; crown prince.
Hirohito. Cabinet:
Premier and Minister of Justice — Takashi JIura,
Foreign Affairs — Kosai Uchida.
Interior — Takejiro Tokonami.
Finance— Baron Koreklyo Takahashi.
War— Grichi Tanaka.
Navy — Vlce-Admiral Tomasabtiro Kato.
Education— Tokugoru Nakabashi.
Agriculture and Commerce — Tatsuo Yamamoto.
Communications— Utaro Noda.
Legislative authority is vested in the emperor
and the imperial diet. This consists of the
house of peers and the house of representatives,
the former having about 375 and the latter 381
members.
Area and Population— The total area of Japan
is 260,738 square miles. The population accord-
ing to the census of Dec. 31, 1916, was 55,965,292
exclusive of Formosa, the Pescadores and the
south half of Sakhalin. The total population,
including Korea; Formosa and Sakhalin, was
74,990,190 in 1915. Cities having more than
100,000 inhabitants are:
Tokyo (1916).... 2,244,796 Nagoya (1916).. 389,272
Osaka (1916) 1,460,218 Hiroshima 167,130
Kyoto (1916).... 539,153 Nagasaki 161.174
Kobe (1916) 498,317 Kanazawa 129,804
Yokohama (1916) 428,663 Kure 128.141
Imports and Exports^-The. total imports in 1917
amounted In value to $517,896,000; exports.
$801,502.500. In 1918 the imports from the United
States were valued at $267,730,637, and the ex-
ports to the same country at $284,945,439. The
chief exports are raw silk, cotton, yarn, cop-
per, coal and tea; imports, sugar, cotton, iron
and steel, machinery, petroleum and wool.
Chosen (Korea).
Formerly an empire, but now a Japanese col-
ony. Estimated area. 86.000 square miles. Pop-
ulation in 1916, 17,519,864. Seoul, the capital,
has 302.686 inhabitants.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
JAVA.
(See The Netherlands.)
KHIVA.
Khan, Seyid Asfendiar Khan; heir-apparent.
Nasyr Tycuara; area, 24,000 square miles; popula-
tion. 646,000. Products are cotton and silk. Khiva
is a Russian vassal state.
PERSIA.
Shah or emperor. Sultan Ahmad Shah. Cnder
the constitution granted in 1906 legislative au-
thority was vested in a national council of 156
members and a senate of 60 members. It is,
however, practically nonexistent and exercises
110 power at present. The area of Persia is about
628.000 square miles and the population 9,500,000.
Imports in 1916, $38,675,000; exports, $31,427,500.
Imports from the United States in 1918, $119,714 ;
exports to, $888,084. Teheran, the capital, has
a population of about 280.000. Chief among the
products are silk, fruits, wheat, barley and rice.
SIAM.
King, Chowfa Maha Vajirvudh. Area, 195,000
square miles; population (1910), 8,149,487. Bang-
kok, the capital, has 628,675 inhabitants. The im-
ports in 1917 were $33,786,300, and the exports
$46,724,500. Imports from the United States ia
1918, $1,146,484 ; exports to, $156.981. Chief among
the exports are rice, teak and marine products ;
imports, cotton goods and opium.
AFRICA.
ABYSSINIA.
Empress, Waizeru Zauditu. Total area of Abys-
sinia 432,432 square miles; population, 8,000,000.
The exports are coffee, hides and skins, gum,
wax. gold and ivory.
ALGERIA.
Algeria is a colony of France. Governor-gen-
eral, SI. Lutaud. Area. 343,500 square miles: pop-
ulation in 1911, 5,563,828. Chief imports are cot-
ton, skins and furs and woodwork ; exports,
wine, sheep and cereals.
EGYPT.
Sultan. Prince Ahmed Fuad. Total area of
Egypt, 350,000 square miles; area of the Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan, 984,520 square miles. The pop-
ulation of Egypt proper in 1907 was 11,189,978; of
the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 3,000,000. Population
of Cairo, 654,476; Alexandria, 332,246. Great
Britain formally declared Egypt a protectorate
of the empire Dec. 17, 1914. The total exports in
1917 were valued at $205,248,000, and the imports
at $159,194,750. Imports from the United States
in 1918, $3,149,994; exports to, $20.907.958. The ex-
ports consist chiefly of cereals, raw cotton and
provisions; imports, wool, coal, textiles and
metal manufactures.
BELGIAN KONGO.
Kongo was made a Belgian colony in 1908. The
estimated area is 909,654 square miles and the
negro population about 15,000.000. Among the lead-
ing articles of export are ivory, rubber, cocoa,
palm nut, palm oil. copal gum and coffee. Total
imports in 1915, $6,204,000; exports, $9,620,400.
Exports to the United States (1918), $14,809; im-
ports. $695,941.
LIBERIA.
President, Daniel E. Howard: vice-president.
S. G. Harmon. Legislative power is vested in a
senate of nine members and a house of represent-
atives of fourteen members. The total area of
the republic is about 40.000 square miles and the
population 2,120.000. The exports in 1913 were
valued at $1,112,187 and the imports at $1,411,237.
Imports from the United States in 1918, $151,270 ;
exports to, $35,594.
MOROCCO.
Sultan, Mnlai Youssef. Morocco is a French
protectorate. Area about 219,000 square miles;
population, 5,000,000. Total imports in 1914, $65,-
195,150; exports, $9,677,200. Imports from the
United States in 1918, $958,889; exports to,
$178.421.
MADAGASCAR.
Governor-general, M. Schrameck. Madagascar
is a French colony governed by a council of ad-
ministration. The area is 228,000 square mile?
and the population (1911) 3,153,511. The capital is
Antananarivo with a population of 63,115. Im-
ports in 1916, $20,390,000; exports, $17,003,000. Ex-
ports to United States (1918), $25,298; imports
from, $149,344.
TUNIS.
Bey. Sidi Mohammed Ben Nasr Bey; heir-pre-
sumptive. Sidi 'Mohammed Ben Mamoun Bey.
Tunis is under the protectorate of France and
that country is represented by a resident-gen-
eral. Total area, 50,000 square miles; population
in 1911, 1,780,527. Imports in 1916, $21,851,000; ex-
ports. $23,759,000. — —
SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
President, Hipolito Irogoyen ; capital,'' Buenos
Aires. Area, 1,153,119 square miles. Population
(1912), 7.885,237; Buenos Aires, 1,560,163 (Jan. 1,
1914). Total exports in 1917. $687,712,500; im-
ports, $475,402,000. Exports to the United States
in 1918, $195,633,348; imports, $109,444,001. Chief
exports, sheep, wool, cattle, hides, frozen meats
and wheat; imports, machinery, agricultural im-
plements, railway cars, engines and supplies and
manufactures of iron and steel.
BOLIVIA.
President. iGutierrez Guerra ; capital, Sucre.
Area, 514,155 square miles. Population (1915),
2,889,970. LaPaz, 100,097 ; Chocachamba, 31,014 ;
Sucre, 29,686. Total exports in 1916, $46,113,750;
imports, $9,024,750; exports to the United States
in 1918. $122,917; imports. $3.581.395. Chief ex-
ports, silver, tin, copper, coffee, rubber ; imports,
provisions, clothing, hardware, spirits, silks and
woolens.
BRAZIL.
President, Rodriguez Alvez ; capital, Rio de Ja-
neiro. Area. 3.218.991 square miles. Population
(estimated 1915), 26,542,402; Rio de Janeiro (1911),
1,128,637; Sao Paulo (1911). 450,000; Babia, 290,000;
Pernambuco, 150,000. Exports (1917), $299,375.000;
imports, $222,550,000. Exports to the United States
in 1918, $113,511,954 ; imports, $66,270.046. Chief ex-
ports, coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton and rubber:
imports, cotton goods, manufactures of iron and
steel, furniture, mineral oils, breads tuffs and pro-
visions. CHILE.
President, Juan Luis Sanfuente ; capital, Santi-
ago. Area, 292,580 square miles. Population in
1915, 3,641,477; Santiago. 408,247; Valparaiso, 191.-
078; Ooncepcion, 72,127. Total exports in 1916.
$192,594,000; imports, $83,445,000. Exports to the
United States in 1918. $141,075,704 ; imports, $63.-
529,124. Chief exports, nitrate, wool, hides and
leather: imports, sugar, coal, cotton goods, cash-
meres, oil. galvanized iron.
COLOMBIA.
President, Dr. Marco F. Suarez; capital,
Bogota. Area, 440,846 square miles. Population
in 1912. 5.472,604; Bogota. 121.257. Total exports
(1916), $31,654,000; total imports, $28,922.500. Ex-
ports to the United States in 1918, $25,975,988:
imports, $10,922,199. Chief exports, gold, silver and
other minerals, coffee, cocoa, cattle, sugar, to-
bacco and rubber; imports, manufactures of iron
and steel, cotton goods.
ECUADOR.
President, Alfredo B. Moreno ; capital, Quito.
Area. 116.000 square miles. Population, 1,500.000:
Quito, 70,000; Guayaquil, 80,000. Total exports in
1916, $18,075,800; imports, $9,598,900. Exports to
the United States in 1918, $10,887,968; imports,
$4,830,468. Chief exports, coffee, cocoa, rice, su-
gar, rubber, cabinet woods, chemicals and min-
erals; imports, cotton, provisions, manufactures
of iron and steel, clothing and mineral oil.
PARAGUAY.
President, Dr. Manuel Franco; capital, Asun-
cion. Area, 171,770 square miles. Population (es-
timated 1915), 1,000,000; Asuncion (1912), 80.000.
Total exports in 1916, $8.202.800; imports. $4,749,-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOH 1019.
783
000. Exports to the United States in 1918, $69,797 ;
imports, $672,454. Chief exports, mate (or Para-
guay tea), tobacco, hides, timber, oranges; im-
ports, cotton goods, machinery and provisions.
PEKU.
President, Don Jose Pardo; capital, Lima. Area,
722,461 square miles. Population estimated (1912)
at 4,500,000; Lima, 143,500; Callao. 34,346. Total
exports in 1916, $82,705,000; imports, $43,415,500.
Exports to the United States in 1918, $41,439,218 ;
imports, $22,011,583. Chief exports, cotton, coffee,
sugar, cinchona, india rubber, dyes and medicinal
plants: imports, woolens, cotton, machinery and
manufactures of iron.
URUGUAY.
President, Dr. Feliciano Viera; capital, Monte-
video. Area, 72,153 square miles. Population
(1915). 1,346,161; Montevideo (1916), 378,446. Total
exports in 1917, $67,516,000; imports, $37,212,000.
Exports to the United States in 1918, $23,530,682;
imports, $18,061,880. Chief exports, animal and
agricultural products ; imports, manufactured ar-
VENEZUELA.
President, Gen. Juan Vicente- Gomez; capital,
Caracas. Area, 393,976 square miles. Population
(1915), 2,816,484; Caracas, 75,000. Total exports in
1916, $24.968.500; imports, $17.711,500. Exports to
the United States in 1918, $13,287,738; imports.
$7,823,007. Chief exports, coffee, hides, cabinet
woods, rubber and chemicals; imports, machin-
ery, manufactures of iron and steel, provisions,
furniture and mineral wools.
MEXICO.
Government— President. Venustiano Carranza. The
republic of Mexico is divided into twenty-seven
states, three territories and one federal district,
each with a local government, but all subject
to the federal constitution. Representatives are
elected for two years each and are apportioned
at the rate of one for each 40.000 inhabitants ;
the senators, of whom there are fifty-six, are
elected by the people in the same manner as
representatives. The president holds office four
years and may be elected for several consecu-
tive terms.
Area and Population— The total area, including
islands, is 785.881 square miles. The popula-
tion, according to the federal census of 1910.
is 15,063.207. The population of leading cities
of the republic follows: City of Mexico (capi-
tal). 470.659; Guadalajara, 118,799: Puebla.
101,214 ; Monterey, 81,006 ; San Luis Potosi, 82,946 ;
Pachuca, 38,620; Aguascalientes, 44,800; Zaca-
tecas. 25,905; Durango. 34.085: Toluca. 31,247;
Leon. 63,263: Merida. 61,999; Queretaro. 35.011:
Morelia. 39.116: Oaxaca, 37,469; Orizaba. 32,894;
Chihuahua. 39,061; Vera Cruz. 29,164.
Commerce— The chief exports of Mexico are pre-
cious metals, coffee, tobacco, hemp, sisal, sugar,
dyewoods and cabinet woods, cattle and hides
and skins. In 1914 the total exports amounted
to $92.833,000; total imports for the same year
were $60,831,070. The trade of Mexico is chiefly
with the United States. Great Britain. France,
Germany and Spain. In 1918 the imports from
the United States were $106,893,653 ; exports to,
$140,801,097.
CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES.
COSTA RICA.
President, Don Alfredo Granados ; capital, San
Jose. Area, 23,000 square miles. Population
(1914), 420,179; San Jose, 34.784. Total exports
(1917). $11,382,000; imports, $5,595,000. Exports to
the United States in 1918, $7,615,482; imports,
$1,903,224. Chief exports, coffee and bananas ; im-
ports, cotton, machinery, iron and steel manufac-
tures, woolens and worsteds.
GUATEMALA.
President, Manuel E. Cabrera: capital. Guate-
mala de Nueva. Aroa. 48.290 square miles. Pop-
ulation (1914), 2,003,579; of the capital, 90,000.
Total exports (1916), $10,637,500; imports, $6,725.-
500. Exports to the United States in 1918, $7,-
822,960; imports, $6,292,760. Chief exports, coffee
and bananas ; imports, cotton and cereals.
HONDURAS.
President. Dr. Francisco Bertrand: capital. Te-
gucigalpa. Area, 44,275 .square miles. Population
(1910), 553.446; Tegucigalpa, 22,137. Total exports
(1917), $5,353,250; imports, $6,293,000. Exports to
the United States in 1918. $5,437,809; imports,
$4,618,729. Chief exports, bananas, coffee, cattle,
cocoauuts and wood; chief import, cotton.
NICARAGUA.
President. Gen. Kmiliano Chamorro; capital,
Managua. Area, 49,200 square miles. Population
(1914). 703,540; Managua, 34,872; Leon. 62,509.
Total exports (1916), $5,284,750; imports, $4,777,-
500. Exports to the United States in 1918,' $4,590, -
037 ; imports. $4,377,688. Chief exports, cattle and
coffee ; imports, flour, wine, beer, barbed wire,
cotton goods, sewing machines, kerosene, calico
and tallow.
PANAMA.
President, Belisario Porras. Independence of
Panama declared Nov. 3. 1903; constitution
adopted Feb. 13, 1904. Legislative power is
vested in a national assembly composed of depu-
ties elected by the people. The ratio of repre-
sentation is one deputy for each 10,000 inhabi-
tants. The term of office is four years. The
area of the republic is 32,380 square miles and
the population (1912), 336,742; city of Panama
(1915), 60,028; Colon, 26,000. The exports to the
United States in the fiscal year ended June 30,
1918. amounted to $7,845,390, and the imports to
$23,638,116. The chief articles of export are
bananas, rubber, coffee and pearls.
SALVADOR.
President. Carlos Melendez; capital. San Salva-
dor. Area, 7,225 square miles. Population (1915),
1,267,762 ; San Salvador, 66,800. Total exports(1915)
$10,588,000; imports, $4,002,000. Exports to the
United States in 1918, $6,870,432; imports, $3,479,-
332. Chief exports, coffee, indigo, sugar, tobacco
and balsams; imports, cotton, spirits, flour, iron
goods, silk and yarn.
CUBA.
Government— President. Gen. Mario Menocal:
vice-president, Enrique Jose Varora.
Under the constitution the legislative power is
exercised by two elective bodies— the house of
representatives and the senate, conjointly called
congress. The senate is composed of four senators
from each of the six provinces, elected for eight
years by the provincial councilmen, and by a
double number of electors, constituting together
an electoral board.
The house of representatives is composed of one
representative for each 25,000 inhabitants or
fraction thereof over 12.500. elected for four years
by direct vote. One-half of the members of the
house are elected every two years. The salary of
members of congress is $3.600 a year.
Organization of the Republic— The organization of
the republic of Cuba, begun in 1900. was prac-
tically completed on the 20th of May. 1902. when
the military occupation of the island by the
United States came to an end and Gen. Toraas
Estrada Palma was inaugurated as first presi-
dent.
Area and Population— The total area of Cuba is
44,164^ square miles. The population in 1914 was
Population of provinces (1914):
Havana 651,266 i Matanzas 270.483
Santa Clara 567,277 Pinar del Rio.. 257,893
Oriente 567,639 ' Camaguey 154,567
Population of principal cities in 1914:
Havana 350,906
Cienfuegos 80,305
Camaguey 76,581
Matanzas 55,931
Manzanillo 59,544
Santiago 61.531
About 70 per cent of the population is white
Halyguin 65,232
Pinar del Rio 51.9K.
Santa Clara 54,885
Guantanamo 51,036
Sancti Spiritus... 55.407
784
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Imports and Exports — The total imports in 1917
amounted to $261,377,000 and the exports to
$357,040,000. The imports from the United States
in 1918 were valued at $235,682,045 and the ex-
ports at $264,024,006. The principal articles of
export are sugar, tobacco and cigars, iron and
manganese ore, fruit, coffee, cocoa, molasses
and sponges: of import, animals, breadstuffs.
coal and coke, iron and steel, wood, liquor,
cotton, chemicals and vegetables.
HAITI.
President, Sudre Dartiguenave. The area of
about 2,500,000. Coffee, cocoa and logwood are
the leading articles sold. Total exports (1916),
$1,837,744; imports (1916), $1,925,255. Exports to
the United States in 1918, $4,815,544 : imports,
$8,359,922.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
President, Federico H. Carvajal. The republic
has an area of 19,325 square miles and a popula-
tion (1913) of 708,000. Santo Domingo, the capital,
haa 22.000 inhabitants. In 1916 the exports
amounted to $21,851,250 and the chief articles
shipped were coffee, cocoa and mahogany ; im- 1
ports, $11,664,250. Exports to the United States
Haiti is 10.204 square miles and the populationin 1918, $8,061,412 ; imports, $16,011,019.
NONCONTIGUOUS POSSESSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
The Philippine islands were cede'd to the United
States by Spain Dec. 10. 1898. Maj.-Gen. Merritt
was the first military governor. He was succeeded
in August, 1899. by Maj.-Gen. E. S. Otis, who in
turn was followed in May. 1900, by Maj.-Gen.
Arthur MacArthur. The last named remained in
office until July 4, 1901. when the military au-
thority was transferred to Gen. A. R. Chaffee.
By order of the president Gen. Chaffee was re-
lieved of his duties as military governor July 4.
1902. and the office terminated. The Philippine
commission was at the same time made the su-
perior authority.
By act of corgress approved Aug. 29, 1916, the
legislative authority is vested in the Philippine
legislature, composed of two houses, one the
senate and the other the house of representa-
tives. The senate consists of twenty-four sena-
tors and the house of representatives of ninety
members. The legislature created under this law
opeued its first session on Oct. 16, 1916. and on
Its being organized the Philippine commission
ceased to exist and the members thereof vacated
their offices.
Officers and Salaries (1918).
Governor-General — Francis Burton Harrison.
Vice-Governor—Charles E. Yeater.
Secretary Interior Department— Rafael Palma.
Secretary of Finance — Alberto Barretto.
Secretary of Justice — Victorino Mapa.
Secretary Public Instruction — Charles E. Yeater.
Secretary of Commerce and Communications —
Dionisio Jakosalem.
Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources
— Galicano Apacible.
Auditor— Clifford H. French.
Treasurer— Albert P. Fitzsimmons.
Director of Education— W. W. Marquardt.
Director of Posts— Robert M. Shearer.
Attorney-General— Quintin Pnredes (acting).
Chief Justice Supreme Court— Cayetano S. Arel-
lano.
Resident Commissioners to the United States—
. Jaime C. de Veyra and Teodoro R. Yonko.
The governor receives $18.000 a year. The sal-
aries of other leading officials are: Vice-gov-
ernor, $10.000 ; chief justice of the Supreme
court, $8,000 ; associate justices, $7,500 eacli ;
auditor, $6,000 ; deputy auditor, $3,000 ; sena-
tors, $2,000 ; representatives, $1,500 ; president
of the senate, $6,000 ; speaker of the house of
representatives, $6,000 ; each department secre-
tary, $6,000 ; secretary to the governor-general,
$5,000.
Area and Population— The total land and water
area of the Philippine archipelago is 832,968
square miles: land area. 115.026; population (es-
timated 1916). 8.826,552. The population of Ma-
nila in 1910 was 234.409. The population of the
principal islands in 1903 was: Bobol, 243.148;
Cebu. 592.247: Jolo. 44.718; Leyte. 357.641; Luzon,
3,798.507: Marinduque. 50.601; Mindanao, 499,634,
of whom 252.940 are uncivilized: Negros. 460.776
(21,217 uncivilized); Panay. 743.646 (14,933 unciv-
ilized): Samar. 222.690.
Products and Climate — The chief products are
hemp, sugar, coffee, tobacco leaf, eopra, cigars
and coeoanut oil. Between 600,000 and 700,000
bales of hemp are exported annually.
The mean temperature in Manila ranges from
77 in January to 83 in May. June, July, August
and September are the rainy months. March,
April and May the hot and dry, and October,
November, December, January and February the
temperate and dry.
Trade with the United States— The shipments of
merchandise from the United States to the Phil-
ippines in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918,
amounted in value to $48,423,400, as compared
with $27,206,612 in 1917. The principal articles
sent were: Cotton manufactures, $17.257,410;
iron and steel manufactures. $9,260,284 ; min-
eral oils, $1,688,086. The imports into the
United States amounted in value to $78,101,412,
as compared with $42,436,247 in 1917. The prin-
cipal articles imported were: Unmanufactured
manila, $30,375.300; sugar, $7,913,247; tobacco,
$5,021,597 : fruits and nuts, $9,949,785 ; vegetable
oils, $18,204,019.
Imports and Exports— The total imports of the
Philippine islands, in the calendar year 1917,
amounted to $65,797,031 ; total exports, $95,-
604,307.
ISLAND OF PORTO RICO.
Porto Rico was ceded to the United States by
Spain Dec. 10, 1898, and was under military rule
until the Foraker law went into effect May 1.
1900. In accordance with the third section of
that act, the legislative assembly of Porto Rico
having put into operation a system of local tax-
ation to meet the necessities of government, Pres-
ident McKinley on the 25th of July, 1901— the
on the island in 1898 — proclaimed free trade be-
tween the United States and Porto Rico.
Government— Under the new organic act of March
2. 1917, the legislative power in Porto Rico Js
vested in a legislature consisting of two houses,
one the senate and the other the house of
representatives1. The senate consists of nine-
teen members elected for terms of four years
by the qualified electors of Porto Rico. The
house of representatives consists of thirty-nine
members elected for a term of four years by
the qualified electors of Porto Rico. The mem-
bers of the senate and house of representatives
receive compensation at the rate of $7 per day
for ninety days of each session and $1 per day
for each additional day of such session while
in session. Regular sessions of the legislature
are held biennially, convening on the second
Monday in February. (See also page 49.)
The present officers are:
Governor— Arthur Yager.
Attorney-General — Howard L. Kern.
Treasurer-^Jose E. Benedicto.
Commissioner of Interior — Guillermo Esteves.
Commissjoner of Education — Paul C. Miller.
Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor — Manuel
Camunas.
Commissioner of Health — Alejandro Ruiz Soler.
Auditor— J. W. Bonner.
Executive Secretary — Ramon Siaca Pacheco.
Resident Commissioner to the United States—
Felix Cordova Davila.
Area and Population — The area of Porto Rico is
3.435 square miles and the population in 1910
was 1,118,012. of which 65.5 per cent was white.
30 per cent mulatto and 4.5 per cent black.
The cities having more than 5,000 inhabitants
in 1910 were: San Jnan. 48.716; Ponce. 35.005:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Mayaguez, 16.563: Arecibo. 9.612; Aguadilla, 6,125:
Yauco. 6.589; Caguas. 10,354: Guayama. 8,321.
Commerce— For the year ended June 30, 1918, the
total domestic exports from Porto Rico to the
United States were $65,515,650, and Imports
from the United States amounted to $58.945,758.
The leading articles of export are coffee,
oranges, brown sugar and tobacco.
TERRITORY OP ALASKA.
Purchased from Russia In March. 1867.
Organized as a noncontiguous possession July 27.
1868.
Made a civil and judicial district June 6, 1900.
Organized as territory of Alaska by act of Aug.
24. 1»12.
Capital — Juneau.
Governor— J. E. A. Strong.
Secretary— William L. Distin.
Treasurer— W. G. Smith.
Area and Population — Area. 590.884 square miles
(land and water); population in 1910. 64,356, of
whom 25.331 were Indians.
Legislature— Senate has eight members, or two
from each judicial district: house has sixteen
members, or four from each judicial district ;
term of senators, four years: term of represent-
atives, two years; compensation paid by govern-
ment. $15 a day to each member during attend-
ance at sessions and mileage at the rate of 15
cents a mile: sessions biennial, beginning on first
Monday in March of odd numbered years: limit
of regular sessions, sixty days, and of special
sessions, fifteen days: delegate to congress
elected on Tuesday following first Monday of
November every second year, beginning with
1914.
Commerce— The total value of the shipments of
domestic merchandise from the mainland of the
United States to Alaska in the year ended June
30, 1918, was $44,280,075. The principal articles
were: Breadstuffs, $1,683,989; manufactures of
cotton, $1,932,962 ; manufactures of iron and
steel, $17,750,680; meat and dairy products,
$4,052,328 ; wood and manufactures of, $2,537,090 ;
oils, $1,941,193. Total value of shipments of
domestic merchandise from Alaska to the main-
land, $71,595.414. The main articles were:
Copper ore, $20,217.635 : canned salmon. $41,892,-
292; other fish. $1.465,056; furs. $1,125,082.
Gold Shipments (1917) — From Alaska to the main-
land, $16,093.353 ; from the mainland to Alaska,
$1,698.702. The total gold and silver shipments,
including foreign, to the United States were
$19.801,974.
TERRITORY OP HAWAII.
Annexed to the United States July 7. 1898.
Created a territory June 14. 1900.
Governor — L. E. Pinkham.
Secretary— Wade W. Thayer.
Population— According to the federal census of
1910 the total population of the territory was
191.909. In 1912 it was estimated at 200.065.
The only large city is Honolulu, which in 1910
had a population of 52.183.
Commerce with the United States— The total value
of the shipments of domestic merchandise from
Hawaii to the United States for the twelve
mouths ended June 30. 1918. was $79.392,926.
Brown sugar was the principal item, amount-
ing to 1,053,701,147 pounds, valued at $62,076,956.
The other articles of importance were: Fruits
and nuts, $8,525,676. The total value of the
shipments of domestic merchandise from the
United States to Hawaii was $43.646,515. The
principal articles were: Iron, steel and ma-
chinery, $7,741,112; oils, $4,089.927; breadstuffs,
$3,634,427 ; lumber and manufactures of wood.
$2,393,375; wines and liquors, $734,528; meat
and dairy products, $1,618,654; cotton goods.
$2,895.748,
AMERICAN SAMOA.
Acquired by the United States January. 1900.
Area, including Manua and several other small
islands. 77 square miles.
Population, about 7.200.
Merchandise shipped from the United Slates
(1918) to Samoa. $263.142.
Pagopago harbor acquired by United States in
1872. «
Governor— Commander J. M. Poyer, U. S. X.
(retired).
GUAM.
Ceded to the United States by Spain Dec. 10. 1898.
Area. 210 square miles.
Population, about 12,250.
Merchandise shipped from United States (1918),
$156,581.
First American Governor— Capt. R. P. Leary. U.
S. N.
Governor (1918)— Capt. R. C. Smith, U. S. X.
PANAMA CANAL ZONE.
Acquired by the United States Feb. 26, 1904.
Area. 474 square miles.
Population (June, 1918), 21,767.
Governor— Chester Harding.
VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Acquired by the United States March 3. 1917.
Area, 142 square miles.
Population (1918), 32,000.
Governor— Rear-Admiral James H. Oliver, U.
S. N.
RESIGNATION OF SECRETARY M'ADOO.
William G. McAdoo. secretary of the treas-
ury and director-general of railroads, resigned
his offices in November, 1918, soon after the
close of the great war. The announcement
was made Nov. 22 when the appended corre-
spondence between the secretary and Presi-
dent Wilson was made public.
Secretary McAdoo to the president:
"Dear Mr. President: Now that an armi-
stice has been signed and peace is assured,
I feel at liberty to advise you of my desire
to return as soon as possible to private life.
"I have been conscious for some time of
the necessity for this step, but, of course. I
could not consider it while the country was
at war.
"For almost six years 1 have worked in-
cessantly under the pressure of great re-
sponsibilities. Their exactions have drawn
heavily on my strength.
"The inadequate compensation allowed by
law to cabinet officers (as you know I re-
ceive no compensation as director-general of
railroads) and the very burdensome cost of
living in Washington have so depleted my
personal resources that I am obliged to reckon
with the facts of the situation.
"I do not wish to convey the impression
that there is any actual impairment of my
health, because such is not the fact. As a
result of long overwork I need a reasonable
period of genuine rest to replenish my energy.
But more than this, I must, for the sake of
my family, get back to private life to re-
trieve my personal fortune.
"I cannot secure the required rest nor the
opportunity to look after my long" neglected
private affairs unless I am relieved of my
present responsibilities.
"I am anxious to have my retirement ef-
fected with the least possible inconvenience
to yourself and to the public service, but it
would. I think, be wise to accept my resig-
nation now, as secretary of the treasury, to
become effective upon the appointment and
qualification of my successor, so that he may
have the opportunity and advantage of par-
ticipating promptly in the formation of the
policies that should govern the future work
of the treasury. I would suggest that my
resignation as director-general of railroads be-
come effective Jan. 1, 1919, or upon the ap-
pointment of my successor.
"I hope you will understand, my dear Mr.
President, that I will permit nothing but the
most imperious demands to force my with-
780
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
drawal from public life. Always I shall
cherish as the greatest honor of my career the
opportunity you have so generously given me
to serve the country under your leadership in
these epochal times. W. G. McADOO."
PRESIDENT WILSON TO THE SECRETARY.
To the foregoing communication President
Wilson replied in a letter dated Nov. 21. 1918.
as follows:
"My Dear Mr. Secretary: I was not unpre-
pared for your letter of the 14th because you
had more than once, of course, discussed with
me the circumstances which have long made
it a serious personal sacrifice for you to re-
main in office. I knew that only your high
and exacting sense of duty had kept you here
until the immediate tasks of the war should
be over.
"But I am none the less distressed. I shall
not allow our intimate personal relations to
deprive me of the pleasure of saying that in
my judgment the country has never had an
abler, a more resourceful and yet prudent, a
more uniformly efficient secretary of the treas-
ury, and I say this remembering all the able,
devoted, and distinguished men who preceded
you.
"I have kept your letter a number of days,
in order to suggest, if I could, some other
solution of your difficulty than the one you
•have now felt obliged to resort to. But- I
have not been able to think of any. I cannot
ask you. to make further sacrifices, serious
as the loss of the government will be in your
retirement. I accept your resignation, there-
fore, to take effect upon the appointment of
a successor, because in justice tj you I must.
'•I also for the same reason accept your
resignation as director-general of railroads, to
take effect, as you suggest, on the 1st ot
January next, or when • your successor is ap-
pointed. ' The whole world admires. I am
sure, as I do, the skill and executive capacity
with which you handled the great and com-
plex problem of the unified administration of
railways under the stress of war uses, and
will regret, as I do. to see you leave that
post just as the crest of its difficulties is
passed.
"For the distinguished, disinterested and al-
together admirable service you have rendered
the country in both posts, and especially for
the way in which you have guided the treas-
ury through all the perplexities and problems
of transitional financial conditions and the
financing of a war which has been without
precedent alike in kind and in scope, I thank
you with a sense of gratitude that comes
from the very bottom of my heart.
"WOODROW WILSON."
SUCCEEDED BY CARTER GLASS.
Representative Carter Glass of Virginia was
nominated to succeed William G. McAdoo as
secretary of the treasury Dec. 5. 1918. Mr.
Glass was born in Lynchburg, Va.. and was
educated in public and private schools and
in the newspaper business, becoming owner
of the Daily Advance and the Daily News
in his native city. He was a member of
the Virginia state senate in 1899-1903 and 9f
the Virginia constitutional convention in
1901-3. For eight years he was a member
of the board of visitors of the University
of Virginia and a member of congress from
the 57th to the 65th congress. At the time
of his nomination as secretary of the treasury
he was chairman of the house committee on
banking and currency.
PRICE OF 1918 WHEAT FIXED.
President Wilson issued a proclamation Feb.
23. 1918, fixing the basic prices for the 1918
wheat crop at the principal primary mar-
kets. After reviewing the food law. empower-
ing the president to act in the premises, the
proclamation continued:
'Now. therefore, I. Woodrow Wilson. Presi-
dent of the United States, by virtue of the
powers conferred \ipon me by said act 01
congress and especially by section 14 . there-
of do hereby find that an emergency exists re-
ciuiring stimulating of the production of wheat
and that it is essential that the producers of
wheat produced within the United States shall
have the benefits of the guaranty provided
for in said section: and. in order to m^ke
effective the guaranty by congress for tne
crop of 1918 and to assure such producers
a reasonable profit. I do hereby determine and
fix and give public notice of reasonable guar-
anteed prices for No. 1 northern- spring .wheat
and its eauivalent at the respective principal
primary markets as follows: •
Chicago $2.20
Omaha 2.16
Kansas City . . . 2.15
St. Louis 2.18
Minneapolis .... 2.17
Duluth. Minn. . 2.17
New York. 2.28
Philadelphia 2.27
Baltimore 2.27
Newport News.. 2.27
Charleston 2.27
Savannah 2.27
Portland 2.05
Seattl° $2.05
San Francisco 2.10
Los Angeles 2.10
Galveston 2.20
New Orleans 2.20
Salt Lake City 2.00
Great Falls 2.00
Spokane 2.00
Pocatello. Idaho... 2.00
Fort Worth 2.09
Oklahoma City.
Okla 2.05
Wichita, Kas 2.08
"The guaranteed price for other grades estab-
lished under the United States grain standards
act approved Aug. 11. 1916. will be based on
said price for No. 1 northern spring wheat
at the respective principal primary markets.
The United States will assure the producers
of wheat produced within the United States a
reasonable profit: the guaranteed prices in the
principal primary markets above mentioned be-
ing fixed by adopting No. 1 northern spring
wheat, or its equivalents at the principal in-
terior markets, as the basis.
"For the purposes of such guaranty only.
I hereby fix the guaranteed prices at the re-
spective principal primary markets for the
following grades of wheat — to wit: No. 1
northern spring. No. 1 hard winter. No. 1
red winter. No. 1 durum. No. 1 hard white.
The guaranteed prices at the respective prin-
cipal primary markets aforesaid of all other
grades of wheat established under the United
States grain standards act approved Aug. 11.
1916. shall be baaed o.i the above guaranteed
prices and bear just relation thereto.
"The sums thus determined and fixed arr
guaranteed by the government of the United
States at the respective principal primary mar-
kets of the United States above mentioned, to
every producer of wheat of any grade so
established under the United States grain
standards act. upon the condition that said
I wheat is harvested in the United States dur-
ing the year 1918. and offered for sale before
the first day of June. 1919. to such agent or
employe of the United States, or other person
as may be hereafter designated, at any one
of the above mentioned cities, which are. for
the purposes of this act, hereby declared to
be the principal primary markets of the
United States, and provided that such pro-
ducer complies with all regulations which may
be hereafter promulgated in regard to said
guaranty by the president of the United States.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States
to be fixed.
"Done in the District of Columbia, this Cist
nay of February, in the year of our Lord
1918 and of the independence of the United
States of America the 142d.
"WOODROW WILSON.
By the President: Robert Lansing. Secretary
of State."
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
787
GENERAL EVENTS OF 1918.
FIBE LOSSES AND CASUALTIES.
Alvin Siding-. Nova Scotia, March 15 — Twenty I
persons burned to death in lumber camp.
Baltimore, Md., Jan. 25 — Shipbuilding: plant
and woolen mills burned: loss $700,000.
Brooklyn, N. Y.', Jan. 16 — Warehouse contain-
ing government food supplies burned; loss,
$500,000.
Buffalo, N. Y.. Jan. 26— Westinghouse repair
plant burned; loss, $150.000.
Burlington, Vt., April 25— Chocolate plant
burned; loss, $1,000,000.
Camden, N. J.. Jan. 24 — Two war manufactur-
ing buildings burned; loss. $500,000.
Canton, 111., March 5 — Part of business sec-
tion burned; loss, $200,000.
Canton, O., Jan. 14— Miller Pasteurizing- Ma-
chinery Company's plant burned; loss, $200.-
000.
Chicago. Jan. 3— Swift & Co. warehouse
burned; loss. $150.000.
Jan. 9— Five firemen killed in Chicago ave-
nue theater fire.
Jan. 12— Two South Water street buildings
burned; loss, $275,000.
Jan. 20 — Independent Button and Machine
company plant burned: loss. $300,000.
Feb. 15r-Pugh warehouse damaged; loss,
$300,000.
March 13 — Federal Electric Sign company a
plant burned: loss, $400,000.
April 23 — Griswold & Walker warehouse
burned: loss. $400.000.
July 25 — Forest park structures burned: loss.
$200.000.
Aug. 16— Building at 120-130 West Austin
avenue burned; loss, $200,000.
Cle Elum, Wash., June 25— Thirty business and
residence blocks burned: loss. $1,500.000.
Columbia, S. C., May 29— Fire in insane asy-
lum causes loss of sixteen lives.
Grand Rapids, Mich., Jan. 13— Hawkins block
burned: loss. $150,000.
Harrisburg. Pa.. Jan. 2— Munitions plant
burned: loss. 5250.000.
March 27— City Garage burned: loss, $100,-
000.
Hershey. Pa., Feb. 24 — Chocolate plant burned:
loss. $500,000.
Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 13 — Industrial building:
burned: loss, $2,000,000.
Jacksonville. Fla., Feb. 16— L'Engle office and
store building burned; loss, $200.000.
Jefferson City, Mo., Jan. 23— Shoe factory in
penitentiary burned: loss, $250,000.
Jersey City, N. J., March 26— Explosion and
fire cause destruction of Jarvis warehouse;
loss, $1,500,000.
Johnstown, Pa., March 17— Business buildings
burned: loss. $500.000.
Kansas City. Mo., April 4— Eighteen business
buildings burned: loss, $2,500.000.
Lima, O., April 25— Lake Erie & Western
shops burned: loss, $500,000.
Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 13 — Nine business
buildings burned; loss, $100.000.
Marble City, Okla., Jan. 12— Thirteen boys
burned to death in Indian school.
Marquette, Mich.. Jan. 29 — Pioneer Iron Co.'s
chemical plant burned: loss, $500,000.
Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 14— Sentinel and other
buildings damaged by fire; loss. $250.000.
Minnesota, Oct. 12 — Forest fires in northeast-
ern part of state cause 800 deaths and a
property loss of $25.000.000.
Montreal. Que.. Feb. 14 — Grey nunnery build-
ing burned; fifty -two children lose their
lives.
Newark, N. J.. Jan. 26 — Oil barges and pier
burned; loss, $1,000,000.
Sept. 17 — Eleven persons die in factory fire.
Newburgh. N. Y.. Feb. 6 — Wharf and ware-
houses burned: loss, $500.000
New York. N. Y.. Feb. 9— Five lives lost in
burning1 of sailors' boarding house.
Niagara Falls, N. Y.. Jan. 3 — International
hotel burned; loss, $550,000.
Norfolk. Va.. Jan. 1 — Two blocks in business
district burned: one life lost; twenty per-
sons injured; property loss, $2,000,000.
Norman, Okla., April 13. — Thirty-six boys
burned to death in asylum fire.
Noxen, Pa.. June 2 — J. K. Mosser Tanning
Co.'s plant burned; loss. $3.000,000.
Ottawa, 111., March 9 — Pianophone factory
burned; loss, $100.000.
Parsons, Pa.. April 25 — Trethaway Bros.' tin
factory burned; loss. $500.000.
Peabody, Mass., Feb. 22 — Nine lives lost in
burning1 of residence.
Peshtigo, Wis., Feb. 2 — Times and other build-
ings burned; loss, $100.000.
Philadelphia. Pa., Jan. 24 — Three firemen
killed and fifteen injured in school fire;
property loss, $150,000.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Feb. 12 — Fire in main
building of Vassal- college causes loss of
$300,000.
Rondout. 111., Sept. 5 — Meeker mill burned:
loss, $500,000.
Saginaw. Mich., Jan. 15 — Business houses
burned; loss. $165,000.
St. Louis, Mo., May 5 — Packing company
warehouse burned; loss, $2,000,000.
June 2 — Government warehouse burned; loss.
$1,000,000.
Werthan Bag company's plant damaged; loss.
$1,000,000.
Toledo, O., Jan. 19 — Ohio Dairy company plant
burned; loss, $200.000.
Toronto, Out., April 16 — Harris Abattoir plant
burned: loss, $2,000,000.
Vancouver, B. C., May 15 — J. Coughlin &
Sons shipyards damaged by fire; loss, $1.-
500.000.
Washington, D. C.. Jan. 14 — Part of Washing-
ton barracks burned; loss-, $1,000.000.
Waukegan, 111., May 3 — Government ware-
houses burned: loss, $1,000,000.
Wheeling, W. Va.. Jan. 14 — Stratford Springs
hotel burned; loss. $150,000.
Feb. 4— Street car barn burned: loss, $200,-
000.
Winnipeg, Man., Jan. 11— Enderton building
burned; loss, $750.000.
MARINE DISASTERS.
From non-war causes.
Almirante. American steamship, sunk off Jer-
sey coast, Sept. 6 — Five lives lost.
Alton, packet, sunk by ice Jn Ohio river, Jan.
29— Loss, $100,000; no lives lost.
Ascania. British steamer, wrecked on coast of
Newfoundland, June 14-^No lives lost.
Aurora, antarctic relief ship, lost at sea some
time in fall of 1917 — Twenty-two lives lost.
Batiscan, British steamer, lost off Nova Scotia
about March 18 — Forty-one lives lost.
Bisso. W. A., tug, sunk in collision near New
Orleans, La., March 11 — Thirteen persons
drowned.
Blackford, American steamer, foundered in
storm off coast of Lower California, Sept.
17 — No lives lost.
Cherokee. U. S. naval tug. lost in storm off
Delaware capes, Feb. 26— Twenty-nine lives
lost.
Chutai, Chinese gunboat, wrecked in collision
off Hankow. April 25.
City of Athens, American steamship, sunk in
collision off Delaware coast. May 1 — Sixty-
six lives lost.
City of Louisville, steamer, sunk by ice gorge
at Cincinnati. O., Jan. 30 — N9 lives lost.
Columbia, river steamer, sunk in Illinois river
at Wesley City. July 6— Eighty-seven lives
lost.
Coos Bay. American steamer, foundered off
coast of Lower California. Sept. 17 — No live«
lost.
Florizel. Bed Cross liner, wrecked near Cape
Race, N. F.. Feb. 24— Ninety-two lives lost.
788
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Frasch, Herman, American steamer, sunk in
collision oft Nova Scotia, Oct. 4— Fifty lives
lost.
Grey Eagle, packet, sunk by ice in Ohio river,
Jan. 29— Loss $100,000— No lives lost.
Jennings. O. B., American ship, sunk in col-
lision off British coast, March 24— No lives
lost.
Kawachi, Japanese battleship, blown lip in
Tokayama bay, July 12— Five hundred lives
lost.
Kiang-Kwan, Chinese steamship, sunk in col-
lision off Hankow, April 26— Five hundred
lives lost.
Lake City. American steamer, sunk off Key
West, Fla., Oct. 3 — Thirty lives lost.
Miguel de Larrinaga, British steamship, sunk
in mid-Atlantic, Feb. 6— Ten lives lost.
Onondagra, steamer, strikes reef and sinks off
Watch Hill. R. I.. June 28.
Peoria. packet, sunk by ice in Ohio nver,
Jan. 29— Loss, $100,000; no lives lost.
Poseidon, American steamship, sunk in col-
lision off«American coast, July 31— One life
Princess Sophia, Canadian steamship, sunk on
coast of Alaska, Oct. 24— Three hundred
and forty -three lives lost.
Ravelli. American steamer, burned on Pacific
coast. June 14.
San Saba, American steamer, sunk off Barne-
g-at, N. J.. Oct. 4.
Spread Eagle, packet, sunk by ice in Ohio
river, Jan. 29— Loss, $100,000; no lives lost.
War Knig-ht, British steamer, destroyed in col-
lision 9« British coast, March 24— Thirty-
seven lives lost.
RAILROAD WRECKS.
Aurora, Elgin & Chicago electric road, in
Elmhurst, 111., June 28 — Four men killed and
five seriously -injured in colUsion with
Burlington road, near Birdsell siding:. Neb.,
Sept. 10 — Twelve persons killed in collision.
Central Vermont line, near Burlington, Vt.,
June 5 — Nine lives lost in collision.
Chelsea, Mich., July 20— Fifteen persons killed
in collision between interurban car and
freight train.
Illinois Central line, near Grangrer. 111.. Jan. 28
— Three persons killed and forty injured in
derailment of train.
Illinois Central line, near Aplingrton, Iowa.
May 29— Eight lives lost.
Houston & Texas Central road, six miles south
of Bremond, Tex., Jan. 13 — Sixteen persons
killed and seventeen injured.
Louisville & Nashville road, Dec. 20, 1917—
Forty-one persons killed and thirty-nine in-
jured in collision.
Michigan Central line, at Ivanhoe. Ind., June
22 — Sixty-eight lives lost in collision.
Milwaukee road, near Shawmut. Mont., March
, 4 — Five men killed in collision.
Nashville. Chattanooga & St. Louis railway,
near Nashville, Tenn., July 9 — One hundred
and fifteen persona killed.
New York Centr?' road, near Amsterdam, N.
Y.. April 8 — r,a& killed and twenty injured
in colUsion.
Northwestern road, near Geneva. HI.. Oct. 23
— Fifty solvliers injured in derailment of
troop train.
North Shore Electric road, near Fort Sheridan,
111., July 14 — Four persons killed and twen-
ty-eight injured in collision between train
and truck.
Pennsylvania road, at Bedford, O., Oct 3 —
Twenty-two workmen killed by passenger
train running: into crowd.
St. Louis & San Francisco road, near Marsh-
field, Mo.. Sept. 17 — Five soldiers and nine
other men killed in collision.
Southern Pacific line, near Lafayette, La.,
May 29 — Forty persons injured.
Southern railway, near Columbia. S. C., Feb.
25 — Twelve persons killed and twenty-five
hurt in collision.
Sweden. Oct. 2 — Ninety lives lost in train
wreck near Malmo.
MINE DISASTERS.
Burnett. Wash., Aug. 28 — Twenty-seven mt-n
killed by explosion in coal mine.
Hanley. England. Jan. 12— One hundred lives
lost in mine explosion.
Iron River. Mich., Feb. 21 — Fifteen men
smothered in Amasa Porter mine.
San Antonip. N. M., Feb. 28— Nine killed by
gas in mine.
Royalton, 111., Sept. 28— Twenty men killed by
explosion in coal mine.
Stallarton. Nova Scotia, Jan. 23 — Eighty-nine
lives lost in coal mine explosion.
Villa. W. Va., May 20— Thirteen miners killed
by fire in Mill Creek Cannel Coal Mining
company's mine.
Virginia. Minn.. Jan. 27— Fifteen men killed
in Hanna Co. mine.
STORMS AND FLOODS.
Chicago and central west visited by heavy
snow and wind storms Jan. 6 and 11-12.
Co warts, Ala., Jan. 11 — Seven persons killed
by tornado.
Guam, July 6 — Great damage done by typhoon.
Illinois, May 9 — Tornadoes cause deaths and in-
juries at Toulon, Decatur and Franklin.
Iowa, May 9 — Tornadoes in Chickasaw and
Winnesheik counties kill six persons and in-
jure many.
Iowa. May 21 — Tornadoes kill four persons at
Boone, two at Newton and one near Deni-
son: property loss, $1.000.000.
Kansas. May 21 — Ten persons killed by tor-
nado in Ellis and Rooks counties.
Lake Charles, La.. Aug. 6 — Nineteen pers9ns
killed and many injured at Gerstner aviation
field and elsewhere by tropical hurricane.
Lone Rock. Wis.. May 21 — Five persons killed
and thirty injured by a tornado.
Mackay, Queensland. Jan. 25 — Town over-
whelmed by cyclone and tidal wave: many
lives lost.
Ohio, March 8 — Tornado sweeps northwestern
part of state; several persona killed in Van
Wert conuty.
Ohio river flood and ice gorge destroy many
steamers. Jan. 29— Loss. $1.000.000.
Tyler. Minn., Aug. 21 — Forty persons killed
and many injured by cyclone.
MISCELLANEOUS ACCIDENTS.
Argo, 111.. Aug. 4 — Five persons killed in col-
lision between street car and train.
Bridgeville, Pa.. April 2 — Five men killed and
fourteen seriously injured by explosion in
Flannery bolt plant.
Fort Wayne, Ind.. April 7 — Six persons killed
in automobile in collision with train.
Hongkong, China. Feb. 26 — Collapse of grand
stand at race meeting causes death of 700
persons.
Monongahela City. Pa., May 10— Eight men
drowned by overturning of skiff.
Morgan, N. J.. Oct. 4 — Sixty-three persons
killed by series of explosions in shell load-
ing- plant of T. A. Gillespie & Co.; property
loss. $15.000,000.
Newport. R. I., Jan. 26 — Eight men killed by
explosion at U. S. torpedo station.
Pullman, 111.. Sept. 14 — Five persons killed
and twenty-nine injured in collision between
street car and train.
Sioux City, la.. June 29— Fifty persons killed
by collapse of Ruff building.
Syracuse. N. Y., July 2 — Sixteen persons killed
and 200 injured by explosion of trinitrotol-
uol at Split Rock.
Winchester. Ky., March 9— Twelve persons
killed and twenty-three injured by fall of
walls on moving- picture theater.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
780
UNITED STATES.
Adams. Charles F. (1842). humorist, in Bos-
ton, Mass., March 8.
Adams. Charles F.. lawyer and lecturer, in
Brooklyn. N. Y.. April 20.
Adams, James B. (1842). poet, in Vancouver,
Wash., April 23.
Allis, Charles (1853). manufacturer, in Mil-
waukee, Wis., July 22.
Allis, William (1849). manufacturer, in Mil-
waukee, Wis.. Oct. 10.
Anderson, Galusha (1832). clergyman and ed-
ucator, in Wenham. Mass.. July 20.
Arden, Edward H. P., actor, in New York,
N. Y., Oct. 2.
Armstrong, David Maitland (1835), artist.
May 26.
Ayer. Frederick F. (1822). manufacturer, and
financier, in Thomasville. Ga.. March 14.
Barnabee, Henry Clay (1833), opera singer, in
Boston. Mass.. Dec. 16. 1917,
Barnes, Thurlow Weed (1854). business man,
in New York. N. Y.. June 27.
Barren, Walter J. (1847). inventor, in Brook-
lyn. N. Y., Jan. 16.
Barry, Charles H. (1857). insurance official,
in Philadelphia. Pa.. March 10.
Barton, E. E. (1852). physician and author,
in Lafayette, Ind.. April 19.
Bathrick, Ellsworth R. (1863). congressman,
in Akron, O., Dec. 24. 1917.
Beckley. Jacob P. (1867). ball player, in
Kansas City, Mo.. June 25.
Bennett, James Gordon (1841). editor and
publisher, in Beaulieu. France. May 14.
Bidwill, Mrs. Annie E. K. (1840), in Chico,
Cal., March 9.
Blackburn, Joseph S. C. (1838). former U. S.
senator, in Washington, D. C., Sept. 12.
Blaine, Emmons, Jr. (1890), in Lansdowne,
Pa.. Oct. 9.
Blankenburg. Rudolph (1843), former mayor
of Philadelphia, in Germantown, Pa., April
Brady, James H. (1861). United States sena-
tor, in Washington. D. C.. Jan. 13.
Bronsgeest, Henry C. A. (1842), priest, in
Florissant, Mo., April 28.
Brooke. Francis Key (1852). bishop, in Chi-
cago, Oct. 22.
Broussard, Robert F. (1864). United States
senator, in New Iberia. La., April 12.
Brown. Clarence, attorney and publisher, in
Toledo. O., July 30.
Brown, T. Allston (1835). stage historian, in
Philadelphia, Pa., April 3.
Burrows, Leonard S. (1858). naturalist, in
Kankakee, 111.. Aug. 17.
Burt, Mary E. (1848). educator, near New
York. N. Y., Oct. 17.
Butler, John, author and preacher, in Mexico
City, Mex., March 17.
Cameron, J. Donald (1833). former U. S
senator, in Lancaster county. Pa., Aug. 30.
Castle, Vernon (1887). dancer and aviator,
near Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. 15.
Castleman, John B.. confederate soldier in
civil war, in Louisville. Ky., May 23.
Cella, Louis A. (1867), capitalist, in St. Louis.
Mo., April 29.
Chaplin. Winfield S. (1846), educator, in St.
Louis. Mo.. March 12.
Chatard. Francis S. (1834). bishop, in Indi-
anapolis, Ind.. Sept. 7.
Chester. Mrs. Sam K. (1840). actress, at
Actors' home. Staten island. April 2.
Clarkson, James S. (1842). republican leader,
in Newark. N. J.. May 31.
Cole, George L. T1849), archaeologist, in Los
Angeles. Cal.. May 11.
Collyer, Dan (Daniel Mclnerney), actor, in
Chicago. March 30.
Comly, Samuel P. (1849). rear-admiral. U. S.
N.. retired, in PhiladMrrtiia. Pa.. April 10.
Converse, Charles C. (1833), hymn writer, in
Englewood. N. J» Oct. 18.
DEATH ROLL OF THE YEAR 1918.
From Dec. 1. 1917. to Dec. 1. 1918.
Coolidgre, Orville W. (1839). jurist, in Niles.
Mich.. Oct. 16.
Corbin, Mrs. Caroline F. (1836), antisuffragist,
in Petoskey, Mich.. March 27.
Cosgriff, John B., banker and capitalist, in
Denver, Col., June 15.
Cowan, W. P. (1846), oil company official, in
Wheaton. 111., Aug. 14.
Coxe, John R. (1829). officer in civil war, in
Philadelphia. Pa.. April 29.
Crowninshield, Frederic (1845). artist, at
Capri, Italy, Sept. 13.
Currier, Charles Warren (1857). bishop, on
train near Baltimore. Md.. Sept. 23.
Cusack. Thomas F. (1860). bishop, in Albany.
N. Y.. July 12.
Darling-, Grace, actress, in San Francisco, Cal.,
Sept. 11.
Davidson, James H. (1858) , congressman, in
Washington. D. C.. Aug. 6.
Davis, Samuel P. (1850). poet and humorist,
in Carson City. Nev.. March 17. »
Dimock, Anthony W. (1842), financier, in
Ulster county, N. Y., Sept. 12.
Dingwall, Alexander W. (1857). theatrical
manager, in New York. N. Y.. July 28.
Dixon, Samuel G. (1852). physician, in Phila-
delphia. Pa.. Feb. 26.
Donovan, Mike (1837). pugilist, in New York,
N. Y.. March 24.
Doubleday, Mrs. Frank N.. in Canton. China.
. .
Dougherty. J. Kane (1878). writer), in Wash-
ington, D. C., Oct. 20.
Douglas, James (1837). mining engineer, in
New York. N. Y.. June 25.
Doyen, Charles A. brigadier-general, U. S. M.
C., at Quantico. Va.. Oct. 6.
Eddy, Jerome (1830), press agent, in New
York, N. Y.. June 7.
Estabrook, Henry D. (1854). attorney, in
Tarrytown. N. Y.. Dec. 22.
Ewing. James S. (1835). lawyer, in Bloom-
ington. 111.. Feb. 7.
Fairbanks, Charles Warren (1852), former
vice-president of the United States, in Indi-
anapolis, Ind., June 4.
FUrley, John M. (1842), cardinal, at Mamar-
oneck, N. Y., Sept. 17.
Foley, John Samuel (1834). bishop, in De-
troit, Mich., Jan. 5.
Ford, John D. (1840). rear-admiral, U. S. N..
retired, in Baltimore, Md.. April 8.
Foy. Mrs. Madeline M., in New Roche lie.
N. Y.. June 14.
Fuller, William E. (1846), attorney, in Wash-
ington, D. C., April 23.
Fulton, Charles W. (1854), former U. S. sen-
ator, in Portland. Ore., Jan. 27.
Gallagher, Nicholas A. (1846), bishop, in Gal-
veston. Tex., Jan. 21.
Gallinger. Jacob H. (1837) U. S. senator, in
Franklin. N. H.. Aug. 17.
Gardner, Augnstos P. (1865), former con-
gressman, soldier, at Camp Wheeler, Ga.,
Jan. 14.
Garfleld, Mrs. James A. (1831), widow of
former president of the United States, in
South Pasadena, Cal., March 13.
Garlow, Mrs. Irma Cody, at Cody, Wyo., Oct.
15.
Gilbert, Levi (1852). clergyman and author.
in Cincinnati, O., Dec. 24, 1917.
Gilfoil, Harry, actor, at Bayshore, N. Y.. Aug.
10.
Gilmbre, Joseph H. (1834). hvmn writer and
educator, in Rochester, N. Y., July 23.
Gladden. Washington (1836). clergyman, in
Columbus, O., July 2.
Gotch, Frank A. (1876). wrestler, in Hum-
boldt. Iowa, Dee. 16, 1917.
Gulick, Luther H., playground promoter, in
South Casco, Me., Aug. 13.
Hagadorn. Charles B., colonel U. S. A., at
Camp Grant. HI.. Oct. 8.
790
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Hagar, Edward McKim (1846), president steel
corporation, in New York, N. Y., Jan. 18.
Hale, Eug-ene (1836), former U. S. senator, in
Washington, D. C., Oct. 27.
Hale, Walter (1869), actor, artist and writer,
in New York, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1917.
Hall, Clifford H. (1856), editor and publisher,
in Kansas City, Mo., March 12.
Hall, George W. (1837), showman, in Evans-
ville. Wis., May 20.
Hamilton, Franklin, bishop, in Pittsburgh, Pa.,
May 5.
Hawks, Mrs. Annie S. (1835), hymn writer,
in Bennington, Vt., Jan. 3.
Held, Anna (1877), actress, in New York,
N. Y., Aug. 12.
Herrick, Mrs. Myron T. (1858), at Bar Har-
bor, Me., Sept. 15.
Hicks, John (1847), editor and diplomat, in
San Antonio, Tex., Dec. 20, 1917.
Howell, John A. (1840), rear-admiral U. S.
N., retired, at The Plains. Va., Jan. 10.
Hughes, William (1872), United States sen-
ator, in Trenton, N. J., Jan. 30.
Humphrey, J. Otis (1851), judge, in Spring-
field, 111., June 14.
Hunter, Thomas M., actor, in Worcester, Mass.,
March 4.
Ireland, John (1838). archbishop, in St. Paul,
Minn., Sept. 25.
Irwin, Bernard J. D. (1830), soldier, in Co-
burg, Ont., Dec. 15, 1917.
James, Ollie M. (1871), U. S. senator, in
Baltimore. Md., Aug. 28.
Janeway, Theodore C. (1872), professor of
medicine, in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 27. 1917.
Kahn, Leopold ("Admiral Dot"), midget, at
White Plains, N. Y., Oct. 26.
Keane, John Joseph (1839), archbishop, in
Dubuque, Iowa, June 22.
Kearns, Thomas (1862), former U. S. sen-
ator, in Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 18.
Kearney, Edward W. (1853), horseman, in
Saratoga, N. Y.. June 27.
Keith, A. Paul (1875) theater owner in New
York N. Y., Oct. 30.
Kempster, Walter (1841.) alienist, in Mil-
waukee, Wis., Augr. 22.
Kennon, Lyman W. V. (1858), bri?adier-gen-
eral, U. S. A., in New York. N. Y., Sept. 9.
Kobbe, Gustave (1857), author, at sea. New
York, N. Y., July 27.
Krauthoff, Louis C. (1858), attorney, in New
York, N. Y., Oct. 26.
Landis, John H., physician, in Cincinnati. O.,
Aug. 23.
Lawrence. Frank R. (1845), lawyer, in New
York, N. Y., Oct. 26.
L'Estrange, Julian (1876), actor, in New
York. N. Y., Oct. 22.
L'Hommedieu, Richard H. (1850), railroad of-
ficial, in Detroit, Mich.. March 18.
Lockwood, Harold (1889), actor, in New
York. N. Y., ®ct. 19.
Lufkln, Chauncey F. (1834). Standard Oil
company official, in Lima, O., Feb. 22.
Madden. William ("Billy"), sporting mana-
g-er. in White Plains. N. Y., Feb. 21.
Mansfield. Henry B. (1846), rear-admiral. U.
S. N.. retired, in Brooklyn. N. Y., July 17.
Martin. Don. war correspondent, in Paris,
France. Oct. 7.
Mason. Charles A., comedian, in Mount Clem-
ens. Mich., March 22.
Martin. Jean Baptiste (1857). restaurateur.
in New York, N. Y., June 20.
Matthews. Robert E. (1873). actor, in New
York, N. Y., Oct. 19.
Matthiessen, F. W.. pioneer sulphuric acid
manufacturer, in LaSalle, 111., Feb. 11.
Mny, Frederick, sportsman, in Washington.
D. C.. Jan. 14.
Mabie. Henry Clay (1847), clergyman, in Bos-
ton. Mass.. April 30.
Maury. William A. (1832). attorney, in
Washing-ton. D. C.. June 16.
Maybury, James, athlete, in St. Paul. Minn.,
March 28.
Mayer. Marcus (1841). operatic manager, in
Amityville, L. I., May 8.
Mayer, Pius (1840), general of Carmelite or-
der, in Engrlewood, N. J., April 28.
McCook, Anson G. (1835). soldier and pub-
lisher, in New York, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1917.
McCormick, James (1858). ball player, in
Paterson, N. J., March 10.
McCreary, James B. (1838), former U S.
senator and governor, in Richmond. Ky..
Oct. 8.
McCree, Junie (1865), actor, in New York.
N. Y., Jan. 13.
McDonald, William (1852). Texas ranger and
fighter, in Wichita Falls. Tex.. Jan. 15.
McDonald. William C. (1858). former gov-
ernor, in El Paso, Tex., April 11.
McGolrick. James (1841), bishop, in Duluth.
Minn.. Jan. 23.
McGovern. Terry (1880). pugilist, in New
McKimiey, " Henry Nelson (1849). advertising
expert, in New York, N. Y.. April 28.
Meeker. Jacob E., congressman, in St. Louis.
Mo.. Oct. 16.
Merica. Charles O. (1864), editor, in Kendall-
ville, Ind., July 24.
Meyer, George von L. (1858). former secre-
tary of the navy, in Boston, Mass.. March 9.
Michie. Robert E. L. (1864). brigadier-gen-
eral, U. S. A., near Rouen. France. June 4.
Miller, Warner (1839), former U. S. senator,
in New York. N. Y.. March 21.
Mitchel, John Purroy (1879), former mayor
of New York city, near Lake Charles, La..
July 6.
Mitchell. John A. (1845). founder humorous
weekly Life, in Ridgefield, Conn., June 29.
Mitchell, Maggie (1837). actress, in New
York, N. Y.. March 22.
Moore. Rufus Ellis (1840). art collector, in
New York, N. Y.. March 31.
Morris, Henry L. (1846), lawyer, in Atlantic
City. N. J.. Jan. 8.
Morton Mrs. Levi p. (1845). at Rhinecliff.
N. Y.. Aug. 14.
Munyon. J. M., patent medicine manufacturer,
at Palm Beach, Fla.. March 10.
Murphy, William J.. editor and publisher, in
Chicago, Oct. 24.
Muschenheim. William C.. hotel proprietor, in
New York, N. Y.. Oct. 25.
Newlands. Francis G. (1848). U. S. senator,
in Washington, D. C., Dec. 24. 1917.
Newman, Anna L. (1845). civil war nurse,
in Indianapolis, Ind.. May 22.
Newman. William H. (1847). railroad offi-
cial, in New York, N. Y., Aug. 10.
Nugent, James G. (1852). merchant, in St.
Louis, Mo., Oct. 16.
O'Rear. John D. (1870), diplomat, in La Paz.
Bolivia. July 15.
Parent, Harry F., opera house manager, in De-
troit, Mich., April 8.
Peabody. Frank E. (1856), banker, in Mar-
blehead, Mass.. Sept. 28.
Peckham, Stephen F. (1836). chemist and
author, in Brooklyn, N. Y.. July 12.
Perry, Thomas (1844), rear-admiral, U. S.
N., retired, at Southern Pines. N. C., March 7.
Peyton. John H. (1864). railroad president,
in Nashville. Tenn., .Sept. 14.
Pierce, Thomas F. (1830). republican leader,
in Kewanee, HI., Sept. 18.
Pope. George (1841). manufacturer, in Hart-
ford, Conn.. April 19.
Prendergast, Edmond F. (1843,) archbishop,
in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 26.
Pjice. Samuel W. (1829). officer in civil war.
in St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 22.
Prouty. G. H.. former governor of Vermont,
near Waterville, Que., Aug. 19.
Purcell. Royal E. (1849). editor and pub-
lisher, in Vincennes, Ind.. Aug. 7.
Puterbaugn, Leslie L>. (1858), attorney, in
Springfield. HI., Jan. 4.
Randall, George M. (1841). major-general.
U. S. A., retired, in Denver. Col.. June 14.
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
791
Eathbun. Richard (1852), naturalist, in
Washington, D. C.. July 10.
Richardson, Leander (1850), critic, in New
York. N. Y., Feb. 2.
Ridgreley, William (1840), banker, in Spring-
field. 111.. July 20.
Roberts. Ellis H. (1827), former treasuier of
the United States, in Utica. N. Y.. Jan. 8.
Robinson, Douglas, realty dealer, in New York,
N. Y., Sept. 12.
Roebling-. Charles G.. engineer, in Trenton,
N. J., Oct. 5.
Roosevelt. Quentin (1898), aviator, in Franc?,
July 14
Russell. Mrs. R. F. (1849), actress, at Loner
Branch, N. J.. Aug. 12.
Savage, Minot J. (1841), clergyman, in Bos-
ton, Mass., May 22.
Schoeffel. John B., theater manager, in Bos-
ton, Mass., Aug. 31.
Searle, George M. (1839). priest, in Naw
York, N. Y.. July ,7.
Sheridan, Martin (1&80). athlete, in New
York, N. Y.. March 27.
Sheridan, Michael V. (1840), terig-adier-gen-
eral, U. S. A., retired, in Washington, D. C.,
Feb. 21.
Shirk, Elbert W. (1858), banker, in Pasa-
dena. Cal.. Sept. 14.
Sibley. Frederick W. (1852), brigadi?r-gsn-
eral, U. S. A., retired, at Camp Grant, -near
Rockford, 111.. Feb. 17.
Smith, Harry J. (1880). author, at New
Westminster. B. C.. March 17.
Smith. Jacob H. (1840). brigadier-general. U.
S. A., retired, in San Diego, Cal., March 2.
Smith. Mary E. (1849), novelist, in Brooklyn,
N. Y.. May 23.
Splan, John (1848). horseman, in Lexington,
Ky., May 11.
Speer, Robert W. (1855), mayor, in Denver,
Col.. May 14.
Starrett. Goldwin (1874), architect, in Glen-
ridge. N. J., May 10.
Stead. William H. (1858), former attorney-
general of Illinois, in Chicago, April 13.
Stephenson, Frederick (1863), lumberman, in
Santa Barbara, Cal., Sept. 10.
Stephenson, Isaac (1829), former United
States senator, in Marinette, Wis., March 15.
Sterling, John A. (1857). congressman, near
Pontiac, 111., Oct. 17.
Still. Andrew T., founder of osteopathy, in
Kirksville, Mo., Dec. 12, 1917.
Stillman, James (1850), banker, in New
York, N. Y., March 15.
Stokes, James, lawyer and banker, in Ridge-
field. Conn., Oct. 4.
Stone. Melville E., Jr. (1874). author and
publisher, in Altadena, Cal., Jan. 4.
Stone, William Joel (1848). United States
senator, in Washington, D. C.. April 14.
Stryker, William (1857). publisher, in Tulsa,
Okla., Feb. 25.
Sullivan. John L. (1858), pugilist, in Abing-
ton, Mass., Feb. 2.
Summers, Maddin (1877), consul-general, in
Moscow, Russia, May 5.
Talbot, J. Fred C. (1843), congressman, in
Lutherville, Md., Oct. 5.
Taylor, Albert O. (1834), navigator, in Bay-
onne, N. Y., April 26.
Taylor, Thomas W. (1862), railroad official,
April 24.
Thompson, Will H. (1848), author, champion
archer, in Seattle, Wash., Aug. 10.
Thornton, John R. (1840). former Unit-d
States senator, in Alexandria, La., Dec. 28,
1917.
Thrall, Leonidas W.. clergyman, in Duquoin,
111., May 21.
Tillman. Benjamin R. (1847). U. S. senator,
in Washington, D. C., July 3.
Trimble. Harvey M. (1842). veteran of civil
war, in Princeton. 111.. Jan. 10.
Turnbull. Charles S. (1848). eye specialist, in
Philadelphia. Pa., Feb. 21.
Waggener, Bailie P. (1848), railway official,
in Atchison. Kas.. April 28.
Wag-ner, Charles (1851), clergyman and au-
thor, in Paris, France, May 13.
Walsh, Redmond D. (1834). philanthropist, in
Hammond. Ind., Sept. 6.
Ward, Aaron (1851), rear-admiral. U. S. N..
retired, at Roslyn, N. Y., July 5.
Ward, May Alden (1853); author and lec-
turer, in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 14.
Welch, Joe (1873), comedian, in Bridgeport.
Conn.. July 15.
Westengard. Jens I. (1879). authority on in-
ternational law, in Cambridge. Mass., Sept.
17.
Wheaton, Lloyd (1838), major-general. U. S.
A., retired, in Chicago, 111., Sept. 17.
Wheeler, Arthur M. (1836). educator and his-
torian, in Westbrook. Conn., July 17.
Wheeler. Hamilton K.. former congressman, in
Kankakee, 111., July 19.
Whipple. William J. (1839), editor, in Wino-
na, Minn., Feb. 5.
White. Jay (1869), consul, in Naples, Italy.
May 24.
Willard. A. M. (1837), artist, in Cleveland,
O., Oct. 11.
Williams, Evan H. (1867), singer, in Akron,
O., May 24.
Williamson, Thorn (1833), rear-admiral, U.
S. N.. retired, in Annapolis, Md., March 19.
Williston, Samuel W. (1852). scientist, in
Chicago. Aug. 30.
Worthing-ton, John (1848), Standard Oil com-
pany official, near Altoona. Pa., May 11.
Wright, Henry Parks (1839). first dean of
Yale college, in New Haven, Conn., March
17.
Young, Alexander, wheat operator, in Milwau-
kee, Wis., Sept. 17.
FOREIGN.
Abdul Hamid (1848), former sultan of Tur-
key, in Constantinople, Feb. 10.
Agnew, William L. (1858), art publisher, in
London. Feb. 15.
Aldunate, Santiago, diplomat, in Washington.
D. C.. April 17.
Alexander, Sir George (1858), actor, in Lon-
don, England, March 15.
Anhalt. Duke Leopold of. in Dessau, Ger-
many, Sept. 13.
Blake, Sir Henry (1840), colonial official, in
Youghal. Ireland. Feb. 24.
Boito. Arrigo (1842), composer, in Milan,
Italy, June 11.
Brassey, Earl of (1836), naval authority, in
London. England, Feb. 23.
Breshovskaya, Mme. Catherine, revolutionist,
in Russia, Sept. 17.
Brewster. Harlan C. (1870), premier of Brit-
ish Columbia, in Calgary, Alberta, March 1)
Burge, Dick, boxer and promoter, in London.
England, March 15.
Cameron. Hugh (1835), portrait painter, in
Edinburgh, Scotland, July 15.
Campbell, William W. (1861). poet, at City
View. Ont., Jan. 1.
Cui, Cesar (1835), composer, in Petrograd,
Russia, March 14.
Debussy, Claude C. (1862). composer. < in
Paris, France, March 26.
D'Harcourt, Count Eugene, composer and or-
chestra leader, at Locarno. Switzerland,
March 8.
Diederichs, Admiral von, German naval officer,
in Baden Baden, Germany. March 10.
Duff, Beauchamp (1855), general, in London.
England. Jan. 22.
Dufferin and Ava, marquis of (1867), in Lon-
don, England. Feb. 7.
Frederick II., duke (1857). ruler of Anhalt,
in Ballenstedt, Germany, April 22.
Friedrich, Adolf (1882). grand duke of Meck-
lenburg-Strelitz, in Neu Strelitz. Germany.
Feb. 24.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Fry. Sir Edward (1827). judge, at Bristol.
England. Oct. 18.
Gautsch von Frankenthurn. Baron von (1851).
statesman, in Vienna. April 22.
Guimet. Emile. museum founder, in Paris,
France, Oct. 16.
Gutchkoff, Alexander J., former minister of
war. in Russia: reported Oct. 4.
Hakky Pasha, diplomat, in Berlin. Germany.
July 29.
Hamilton. Henry, actor and playwright, at
Sandgate, England, Sept. 4.
Hodler, Ferdinand (1853), painter, in Bern,
Switzerland. May 21.
Hoefer, Franz von. Austrian field marshal, in
Vienna, Jan. 23.
Jameson, Leander Starr (1853). South Afri-
can leader, in London. England. Nov. 26,
1917.
Jamont. Edouard F. (1831). soldier, in Paris,
France, Oct. 20.
Kaempf, Johannes (1842), speaker of reichs-
tagr, in Berlin, Germany, May 25.
Knyvett. Hugh R.. Australian soldier and
author, in New York. N. Y., April 15.
Le Band. Paul (1838). educator, in Strass-
burgr, Germany, March 25.
Lecocq, Charles (1831), composer, in Paris,
France. Oct. 25.
Martinelli, Sebastian (1848). cardinal, in
Rome, Italy, July 6.
Menos, Solon, diplomat, in Washington. D. C.,
Oct. 14.
Mills. Lawrence H. (1837), educator, in Lon-
don. England, Jan. 31.
Mirko. Prince (1879). in Vienna, Austria,
March 3.
Mitchell, Charles W. (1861), pugilist, in
Brighton, England, April 3.
Moraht. Ernest, military critic, in Berlin, Ger-
many, March 22.
Mohammed V.. sultan of Turkey, in Constan-
tinople. July 3.
Moscheles. Felix (1833). painter, at Tun-
bridge Wells. England, pec. 22. 1917.
Motono, Ichiro (1862). diplomat, in Tokyo.
Japan, Sept. 17.
Neufeld, Karl, "prisoner of the Mahdi." near
Berlin. Germany. July 2.
Northumberland, duke of (Henry George
Percy). (1846). at Alnwick castle. Eng-
land, May 13.
O'Brien. Richard Barry (1847). author and
barrister, in London, England. March 19.
Ohnet, Georges (1848), novelist, in Paris.
France. May 5.
Paget, Sir Alfred (1852). vice-admiral, in
London, England. June 17.
Pena, Carlos Maria de (1852). diplomat, in
Washington. D. C.. April 30.
Peters. Carl (1856). explorer, in Germany.
Sept. 10.
Phillips-Wolley. Sir Clive (1853). author, at
Victoria. B. C.. July 8.
Redmond, John E. (1851). Irish nationalist
leader, in London, March 6.
Reuss. Prince Heinrich of (1858). killed on
western front in France. March 26.
Rodin. Auguste (1840), sculptor, in Paris,
France. Nov. 17. 1917.
Rothschild, Alfred C. de (1842). banker, in,
London. Jan. 31.
Schratt, Katharina. actress, in Vienna, Aus-
tria. Jan. 11 (announced).
Serafini, Dominic (1852), cardinal, in Rome.
Italy. March 7.
Spring-Rice. Cecil Arthur (1859). diplomat.
in Ottawa, Ont.. Feb. 14.
Stott. Edward, painter, in Amberley. England.
March 19.
Thierry. Joseph, diplomat, in Madrid. Spain.
Sept. 23.
Tisza. Count Koloman (1861). statesman, in
Budapest, Hungary. Nov. 1.
Thomas, David Alfred (Viscount Rhondda).
(1856). food controller, in London, Eng-
land. July 3.
Valdez. Dr. Ramon, president of Panama, in
City of Panama. June 4.
POSTMASTERS OF LARGE CITIES (1918).
Albany, N. Y.— William H. Murray.
Atlanta, Ga.— Boiling H. Jones.
Baltimore, Md.— Sherlock Swann.
Boston, Mass.— W. E. Hurley (acting).
Bridgeport, Conn. — Charles F. Greene.
Buffalo, N. Y. — George J. Meyer.
Camden, N. J. — Harry M. Knight.
Charleston. S. C. — Joseph M. Poulnot.
Chicago, 111.— William B. Carlile.
Cincinnati. O.— Joel C. Clore.
Cleveland, O.— William J. Murphy.
Columbus, O. — Samuel A. Kinnear.
Dayton. O.— Forrest L. May.
Denver, Col. — Benjamin F. Stapleton.
Des Moines. Iowa— G. A. Huffman.
Detroit, Mich. — William J. Nagel.
Duluth. Minn.— William E. McEwen.
Fall River, Mass. — James E. Hoar.
Fort Wayne, Ind.— Edward C. Miller.
Galveston. Tex.— E. R. Cheesborough.
Grand Rapids. Mich.— Charles E. Hogadone.
Hartford. Conn.— David A. Wilson.
Indianapolis, Ind.— R. E. Springsteen.
Jersey City. N. J.— Matt Ely.
Kansas City. Mo.— Bayless Steele.
Lincoln, Neb. — Samuel Hudson.
Los Angeles. Cal. — Harrington Brown.
Louisville. Ky.— E. T. Schmitt.
Lowell. Mass. — John F. Meehan.
Milwaukee. Wis.— Frank B. Schutz.
Minneapolis. Minn.— Edward A. Purdy.
Nashville. Tenn. — Eugene S. Shannon.
Newark. N. J. — (Vacancy).
New Haven. Conn. — Philip Troup.
New Orleans, La. — Charles Janvier.
New York, N. Y.— Edward M. Morgan.
Omaha, Neb. — Charles E. Fanning.
Paterson, N. J. — James P. McNair.
Peoria. 111.— Claude U. Stone.
Philadelphia, Pa. — John A. Thornton.
Pittsburgh, Pa.— A. S. Guffey.
Portland. Me. — Oscar R. Wish.
Portland. Ore. — Frank S. Myers.
Providence. R. I.— Edward F. Carroll.
Reading. Pa.— Charles N. Seitzingier.
Richmond, Va. — Hay T. Thornton.
Rochester. N. Y. — George M. Staud.
St. Joseph, Mo. — Frank Freytag.
St. Louis. Mo.— Colin M. Selph.
St. Paul. Minn.— Otto N. Raths.
Salt Lake City. Utah— Noble Warnim.
San Antonio. Tex. — George D. Armistead.
San Francisco. Cal.— Charles W. Fay.
Seattle. Wash.— Edgar H. Battle.
Schenectady. N. Y.— Edward Clute.
Springfield. Mass.— Thomas J. Costello.
Syracuse, N. Y. — John J. Kesel.
Toledo. O.— George F. Parrish.
Trenton, N. J. — E. F. Hooper.
Troy, N. Y. — James H. Burns.
Washington, D. C. — Merritt O. Chance.
Wilmington, Del. — James J. English.
BROOKLYN RAPID TRANSIT DISASTER.
While a five-car train on the Brighton Beach
line of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit company
was running at high speed through the Mai-
bone street tunnel in Brooklyn. N. Y.. on the
*rening of Nov. 1. 1918. it jumped the trpck
*•» a curve and was dashed against the side
wall, with the result that eighty-nine of th«
000 passengers lost their lives, and more
than 100 were injured. A strike of motor-
men and motor switchmen was in progress
and the train was in charge of a motorman
said to be lacking in experience.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
793
POPULAR VOTE OF ILLINOIS
Year. Office. Prog. Rep.
1880— President 318.037
1882— Treasurei 250,722
18S4— President 337,469
1886— Treasurei 276,680
1888— President 370,475
1890— Treasurer 321.991
1892— President 399,288
1894— Treasurer 455,788
1896— President 607,130
1898— Treasiirei 448.940
> 1900— President 697.985
1902— Treasure* 450.695
1904— President 632,645
1906— Treasurer «»J'o#
1908— President ???•???
1910 — Treasurer
1912— President 386,478
1914— Treasurer 95,427
1916— President 1.152,549
NOTE— In the above table the total vote In-
cludes the scattering vote for minor party
candidates. The vote in the people's party
column prior to 1890 is that east for the green-
VOTE FOR ILLINOIS GOT-
ERNORS. 1880-1916.
1880.
Shelby M. Cullom, Rep... 314,565
Lyman Trumbull. Dem... 277,532
A. J. Streeter. Greenback 28,898
1884.
Richard J. Oglesby, Rep. 334,234
Carter H. Harrison, Sr.. D.319.635
Jesse Harper, Peo 8,605
James B. Hobbs. Pro 10.905
1888.
Joseph W. Flfer. Rep.... 367,860
John M. Palmer, Dem 355,313
David H. Harts. Pro 18,874
Willis W. Jones. U. L... 6.394
1892.
(1880-1916).
Dem.
277.321
244.585
312,351
240,664
348,371
331,929
426,281
321.551
464.523
405.490,
503.061
360,925
327,606
271.984
450,810
376,046
405,048
274,554
950,229
Peo.
26.338
15,511
10,776
34,821
7,134
Soc.
22,207
60,067
1,090
7.886
1.141
1.521
6.725
"«33
Pro.
440
11,130
12.074
19,766
21,703
22,236
25,871
19,460
9,796
11.753
17.626
18.434
34.770
89,293
29,364
20,013
15,710
7,469
26.074
back party and In 1888 for the labor party.
The socialist vote as given includes that of the
social labor and social democratic parties.
1.147
4.517
11,060
28,399
73,923
45,862
34,711
49,687
85,344
45,549
63.882
Total.
622,306
521,948
672,670
572,986
747,683
677,133
873.647
858,551
1.090.76S
878.577
1,131,897
859,975
1,076,499
824,583
1,155,254
882,230
1.146.173
841,335
2,192.734
John P. Altgeld. Dem.... 425. 558
Joseph W. Fifer, Rep 402,686
Robert R. Link. Pro 24.808
Nathan Barnett. Peo 20,108
1896.
John R. Tanner, Rep 587,637
John, P. Altgeld. Dem.... 474,256
George W. Gere. Pro 14,559"
Wm. S. Forman, Gold D.. 8,102
C. A. Baustin. Soc. Lab. 985
J. W. Higgs. Nat 723
1900.
Richard Yates. Rep 580,199
Samuel Alschuler, Dem. ..518,966
V. V. Barnes, Pro 15,643
Herman C. Perry, Soc. D. 8.611
L. P. Hoffman, Soc. Lab. 1,319
A. C. Van Tine, Peo 1,106
L. G. Spencer, D. R 650
John Cordingly, U. C 334
1904.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 634,029
Lawrence B. Stringer, D.. 334,880
John Collins. Soc 59,062
Robert H. Patton. Pro... 35,440
Philip Veal, Soc. Lab.... 4,379
James Hogan, Peo 4,364
A. G. Specht, Continental 780
1908.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 550,076
Adlai E. Stevenson, D... 526,912
Daniel R. Sheen. Pro 33,922
.Tnmes H. Brower, Soc 31.293
Gustav A. Jennings, Soc.L. 1,526
George W.McCaskrin. Ind. 10.883
1912.
Reward F. Dunne, Dem.. 443.120
Charles S. Deneen, Rep.. 318.469
Edward R. Worrell, Pro.. 15,231
John C. Kennedy, Soc.... 78,679
John M. Francis, Soc.Lab. 3,980
Frank H. Funk. Prog 303.401
1916.
Frank O. Lowden, Rep.. 696,535
Edward F. Dunne. Dem. 556.654
Seymour Stedman, Soc... 52,316
John F. Francis, Soc. -Lab. 1,739
John R. Golden. Pro 15,309
VOTE FOR STATE TREASUR-
ERS. 1880-1916.
Minor candidates omitted.
1880.
Edward Ruts, Rep 317.872
Thos. Butterworth, Dem. 276,670
J. W. Evans, Greenback. 26,658
1882.
John C. Smith. Rep 250,722
Alfred Orendorff, Dem 244,585
Daniel McLaughlin, Gbk. 15.511
John G. Irwln. Pro 11,130
1884.
Jacob' Gross, Rep 338,171
Alfred Orendorff, Dem.... 313, 400
B. W. Goodhue, Peo 10.451
Uriah Copp, Pro 11,119
1886.
John R. Tanner. Rep 276,680
Henry F. J. Ricker, Dem. 240, 864
H. W. Austin, Pro 19,766
John Budlong, Un. Lab... 34,701
1888.
Charles Becker, Rep 369,881
Francis A. Hoffman, Jr., D.348,834
John W. Hart, Pro 21,174
Nathan Barnett. Un. Lab. 7.491
1890.
Edwin S. Wilson, Dem... 331.837
Franz Amberg, Rep 321,990
R. R. Link, Pro 22,306
1892.
Rufus N. Ramsay. Dem.. 425, 855
Henry L. Hertz, Rep 396,318
Thos. S. Marshall, Pro... 26,426
John W. McElroy, Peo 21,579
1894.
Henry Wulff, Rep 455,886
B. J. Claggett, Dem 322,459
John Randolph, Peo 59.793
H. J. Puterbaugh, Pro.... 19,487
1896.
Henry L. Hertz. Rep 589,816
Edw. C. Pace. Dem. -Peo. 473,043,
E. K. Hayes, Pro 11,849
Edward Ridgeley, Gold D. 8.411
1898.
Floyd K.Whlttemore.Rep.448,940
Millard F. Dunlap, Dem. .405,490
John W. Hess, Pop 7.89S
Wm. H. Boies. Pro 11.792
1900.
Moses O.Williamson, Rep. 582,002
Millard F. Dunlap, Dem.. 508,720
Henry C. Tunison, Pro... 16,618
Jacob Winnen. Soc. Dem. 8.881
1902.
Fred A. Busse, Rep 450,685
George Duddleston, Dem.. 360, 923
Chas. H. Tuesburg, Pro.. 18,434
A. W. Nelson, Soc 20.167
Gottlieb Renner, Soc. Lab. 8,235
1904.
Len Small, Rep 610.30ft
Chas. B. Thomas, Dem... 353.232
J. Ross Hanna, Pro 35,664
E. S. Tebbetts. Soc 62.S4&
1906.
John F. Smulski, Rep 417.544
Nicholas L. Piotrowski.D.271,984
William P. Allin, Pro.... 89.292
Wilson E. McDermut.Soc. 42.005
1908.
Andrew Russol, Rep 619, 69*
John B. Mount. Dem 449,978
Albert S. Spalding. Pro... 31,037
William Bross Lloyd, Soc. 33,707
1910.
Edward E. Mitchell, Rep.. 436,484
Alpheus K. Hartley. Dem.376,04e
Lorenzo J. Kendall, Pro.. 20,015
O. T. Fraenkel, Soc 49.687
1912.
William Ryan. Jr.. Dem.. 402,292
Andrew Russel, Rep 321,577
Philip Decker, Prog 310,265
L. F. Haemer. Soc 84,031
Frank B. Vennum, Pro... 15.385
1914.
Andrew Russel, Rep 418.336
W. C. Clifford, Dem 274,554
Louis G. Pavey, Prog.... 95,427
William Acker, Soc 43,154
Gustaf Larson, Soc. -Lab. . 2,395
L. A. Chamberlain. Pro.. 7.469
1916.
Len Small. Rep 678,404
Arthur W. Charles. Dem..566,91>
Rprt W. Newton. Soc 50,324
Jonathan Seaman. Pro.... 9,396
Ignatz Friedman, Soc. -Lab. 1.767
794
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
MAYORALTY ELECTIONS IN CHICAGO SINCE 1871.
NOT. 1. 1871.
Joseph Medill, Rep 16,125
Chas. C. P. Holden. Dem. 5.988
Nov. 4. 1873.
H. D. Colvin. Peo. Party. 28,791
L. L. Bond, Law and Order 18.540
July 12, 1876.
Monroe Heath, Rep 19,248
Mark Kimball. Dem 7,509
J. J. McGrath. Ind 3.363
April 3. 1877.
Monroe Heath, Rep 30.881
Perry H. Smith. Dem... 19.449
April 1. 1879.
C. H. Harrison. Sr.. Dem. 25.685
Abuer M. Wright, Rep... 20,496
Ernst Schmidt. Soc 11,828
April 5. 1881.
O. H. Harrison, Sr., Dem. 35,668
John M. Clark. Rep 27,925
Timothy O'Mara. Ind 764
George' Schilling. Soc 240
April 3. 1883.
C. H. Harrison, Sr.. Dem. 41.225
Eugene Gary. Rep 30,963
April 7, 1885.
C. H. Harrison. Sr., Dem. 43,352
Sidney Smith, Rep 42,977
William H. Bush, Pro... 221
April 6, 1887.
John A. Roche. Rep 61,249
Robert L. Nelson, Lab 23.490
Joseph L. Whitlock, Pro.. 372
April 2. 1889.
DeWitt C. Oregier. Dem.. 57.340
John A. Roche. Rep 45.328
Ira J. Mason, Pro 410
Charles Orchardsou. Soc.. 303
April 7. 1891.
Hempst'd Washburne.Rep. 46.957
DeWitt C. Cregier, Dtm.. 46,588
C. II. Harrison, Sr.,lud.D. 42,931
Elmer Washburn, Citizens' 24,027
Thomas J. Morgan, Soc.. 2,376
April 4, 1893.
C. H. Harrison, Sr.. Dem.114,237
S. W. Allerton, Rep 93,148
DeW. C. Cregier, Un. Cit. 3,033
J. Ehrenpreis, Soc. Lab.. 1,000
Dec. 19, 1893.
Special election to fill vacancy
caused by assassination of Car-
ter H. Harrison, Sr.
John P. Hopkins, Dem.... 112,959
George B. Swift, Rep 111,669
Michael Britzius, Soc 2,064
Ebenezer Wakeley, Pop... 635
April 2, 1895.
George B. Swift, Rep 143,884
Frank Wenter. Dem 103,125
Bayard Holmes, Peo 12,882
Arthur J. Bassett, Pro... 994
Ebenezer Wakeley.Peo.Sil. 302
April 6, 1897.
C. H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.148,880
John M. Harlan, Ind.Rep. 69.730
Nathaniel C. Sears.1 Rep. 59,542
Wash. Hesing. Ind. Dem. 15,427
John Glambock, Soc. Lab. 1,230
H. L. Parmelee, Pro 910
J. Irving Pearce, Jr., Ind. 561
Frank H. Collier.Ind.Dem. 110
April 4, 1899.
O. H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.148,496
Zina R. Carter, Rep 107,437
CHICAGO CITY ATTORNEYS SINCE
N. B. Judd 1837-1839
Samuel L. Smith 1839
Mark Skinner 1840
George Manierre 1841. 1843
Henry Brown 1842
Henry W. Clarke 1844-1845
Charles H. Larrabee 1846
Patrick Ballingall 1847. 1854
Giles Spring 1848
O. R. W. Lull 1849
Henry H. Clark 1850-1851
Arno Voss 1852-1853
J. A. Thompson 1855
J. L. Marsh 1856
John C. Miller 1857
Elliott Anthony 1858
George F. Crocker 1859
John Lyle King 1860
Ira W. Buell 1861
George A. Meech 1862
Francis Adams 1863-1864
Daniel D. Driscoll 1865-1866
Hasbrouck Davis 1867-1869
Israel N. Stiles 1869-1873
Egbert Jamieson 1873-1875
R. S. Tuthill 1876-1878
Julius S. Grinnell 1879-1885
Hempstead Washburne.. 1885-1889
George F. Sugg 1889-1891
Jacob J. Kern 1891-1893
John P. Altgeld, M. O.... 47,169
John A. Wadhams, Pro... 1,023
August Klenkie, Soc. Lab. 1,175
T. G. Kerwin, Soc. Dem.. *67
April 2, 1901.
C. H. Harrison, Jr., Dem.156,756
Elbridge Hanecy, Rep 128.41X
Avery E. Hoyt. Pro -.3,328
Gus Hoyt, Soc. Dem 2,043
John R. Pepin, Soc. Lab.. 679
Thomas Rhodes, Sin. Tax 1,02s
John Collins, Soc 5,384
April 7, 1903.
O. H. Harrison, Jr.. Dem.146,208
Graeme Stewart, Rep 138.54S
Thomas L. Haines, Pro... 2.674
Charles L. Breckon. Soc.. 11,124
Daniel L. Cruice, Ind. Lab. 9.947
Henry Sale. Soc. Lab 1.014
April 4, 1906.
Edward F. Dunne, Dem. ..163,189
John M. Harlan, Rep 138,548
Oliver W. Stewart, Pro... 3.294
John Collins, Soc 23,034
April 2. 1907.
Fred A. Busse, Rep 164.702
Edward F. Dunne, Dem.. 151, 779
W. A. Brubaker, Pro 6,020
George Koop, Soc 13,429
April 4, 1911.
Carter H. Harrison. Dem. 177.997
Charles E. Merriam, Rep. 160, 672
W. A. Brubaker, Pro 2,239
W. E. Rodriguez, Soc 24,825
Anthony Prince. Soc. Lab. 1,058
April 6, 1915.
W. H. Thompson, Rep... 398,538
Robert M. Sweitzer, Dem.251.061
Seymour Stedman, Soc 24,452
John Hill, Pro 3.974
1837.
George A. Trude 1893-1895
Roy O. West 1895-1897
Miles J. Devine 1897-1899
Andrew J. Ryan 1899-1902
John E. Owens 1902-1903
John F. Smulski ......1903-1905
Frank D. Ayers 1905-1907
John R. Caverly 1908-1910
Clyde L. Day 1910-1911
Nicholas L. Piotrowski.. 1911-1915
Charles R. Francis 1915-1917
William H. Devenish....l917
The city attorneyship became
an appointive office in 1905.
I. N. Arnold 1837
George Davis 1837-1838
William H. Brackett... 1839
Thomas Hoyne 1840-1841
James M. Lowe 1843
E. A. Ruckor 1844-1845
William S. Brown 1846
Henry B. Clarke 1846-1847
Sidney Abell 1848-1850
H. W. Zimmerman. 1851-56, 1863-64
H. Krelsman 1857-1859
CHICAGO CITY CLERKS SINCE 1837.
Abraham Kohn 1860
A. J. Marble 1861-1862
Albert H. Bodman 1865-1869
Charles T. Hotchkiss... 1869-1873
Joseph K. C. Forrest... 1873-1875
Caspar Butz 1876-1878
P. J. Howard 1879-1883
J. G. Neumeister 1883-1S85
C. Herman Plautz 1885-1887
D. W. Niekefson 1887-1S89
Franz Amberg 1889-1891
James R. B. Van Cleave
1891-1893, 1895-1897
Charles D. Gastfteld 1893-1895
William Loeffler 1897-1903
Fred C. Bender 1903-1905
A. C. Anson 1905-1907
John R. McCabe 1907-1909
F. D. Connery 1909-1915
John Siman 1915-1917
Joseph Siman 1917-1917
James T. Igoe 1917-
No.
1.
2
3'.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Name.
POSTMASTERS
Appointed. Died.
Jonathan N. Bailey 1831 1850
John S. C. Coates 1832 1868
Sydney Abell 1837 1863
William Stuart 1841 1878
Hart L. Stewart 1845 1883
Richard L. Wilson 1849 1856
George W. Dole 1850 1860
Isaac Cook 1853 1886
William Price 1857 1885
Isaac Cook 1858 1886
John L. Scripps 1861 1866
Samuel Hoard 1865 1881
Thomas O. Osborne .'..1866 1904
Robert A. Gillmore 1866 1867
OF CHICAGO.
No. Name. Appointed.
15. Francis T. Sherman ........... 1867
16. Francis A. Eastman .......... 1869
17. John McArthur ............... 1872
18. Francis W. Palmer ............. 1877
19. Solomon C. Judd .............. 1885
20. Walt. C. Newberry ............. 1888
21. James A. Sexton .............. 1889
22. Washington Hesing- ............ 1893
23. Charles U. Gordon ............. 1897
24. F. E. Coyne ........ .- ........... 1901
25. Fred A. Busse ................. 1905
26. Daniel A. Campbell ........... 1907
27. William B. Carlile ............. 1917
Died.
1905
1918
1906
1907
1895
1912
1899
1897
1914
....
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
795
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE FROM 1884 TO 1916 IN CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.
1884.
James G. Elaine. Rep 51.420
Grover Cleveland. Dem \. 48.530
B. F. Butler, Greenback 540
John P. St. John. Pro 484
1888.
Benjamin Harrison. Rep 60.102
Grover Cleveland, Dem 63.706
Clinton B. Flsk, Pro 1.308
Alsou J. Streeter, Union Labor... 255
B. H. Cowdrey. United Labor.. 126
1892.
Grover Cleveland, Dem 136.474
Benjamin Harrison, Rep 100,849
James B. Weaver, Peo 1.506
John Bidwell, Pro 3.029
1896.
William McKinley. Rep 200.747
William J. Bryan. Dem 144.736
Joshua Levering, Pro 1,849
Charles E. Bentley, Nat 141
Charles H. Matchett. Soc. Lab... 712
John M. Palmer. Gold Dem 2.300
1900.
William McKinley. Rep 184.786
William J. Bryan. Dem 177,165
John G. Woolley. Pro , 2.977
Wharton Barker, Peo 185
Eugene V. Debs. Soc. Dem 6.553
Joseph P. Ma Honey, Soc. Lab 410
Seth W. Ellis. Union Reform 145
J. F. R. Leonard. United Chr... 130
Chicago. Cook Co.
69,251
60.609
810
997
85.307
84.491
2.577
303
149
144,604
111.254
1.614
3.858
221.823
151.910
2,149
163
727
2.600
203.760
186.193
3,490
211
6.752
434
160
134
. 1904. Chicago.
Theodore Roosevelt. Rep 208.689
Alton B. Parker. Dem 98765
Silas C. Swallow. Pro 4,652
Eugene V. Debs. Soc 45.929
C. H. Correean. Soc. Lab 2.556
Thomas K. Watson, Peo 3,155
Austin Holcomb. Cont 288
1908.
William H. Taft, Rep 205,830
William J. Bryan. Dem 143,544
Kngene Chafln, Pro 4.982
Eugene V. Debs, Soc 17.712
Thomas L. Hisgen, Ind 5,633
Daniel B. Turney. U. Chr 169
August Gillhaus, Soc. Lab 616
Thomas E. Watson. Peo 49
1912.
Theodore Roosevelt, Proff 144.392
Woodrow Wilson, Dem... 120,209
William H. Taft. Rep.... 67.859
Eugene V. Debs. Soc 49.959
Eugene ChaBn, Pro 2.'403
Arthur E. Relmer. Soc. Lab 2.171
1916.
Charles E. Hughes, Rep 377.201
Woodrow Wilson, Dem 351,175
Allan L. Benson, Soc 28,727
J. Frank Hanly, Pro 1,597
Arthur E. Reimer, Soc.-Lab 907
Cook Co.
103.'762
5.290
47.743
2.660
3.323
319
230,400
152.990
5.965
18.842
5.994
178
. 649
73
166.061
130.702
74.851
52.659
2.737
2.300
435.695
379,438
32,471
2,309
1,050
COOK COUNTY VOTE FOB SHERIFF AND STATE'S ATTORNEY (1900-1916).
1900— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Charles S. Deneen, Rep. 205, 709
Julius Goldzier, Dem 179,696
Walter Hawk, Pro 5,236
C. H. Becker. Peo 153
Thos. J. Morgan, Soc. Dem. 6,227
1902— FOR SHERIFF.
Thomas E. Barrett. Dem.141,822
Daniel D. Healy, Rep 135,036
Joseph P. Tracy, Pro 4.840
Henry Sale. Soc. Lab 5,973
James P. Larson, Soc 13,134
Thos. Donegan, Single Tax. 908
1904— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
John J. Healy, Rep 206,487
George A. Trude. Dem 132,811
M. C. Harper, Pro 5,630
Seymour Stedman, Soc.... 39,736
Henry Sale, Soc. Lab.... 2,547
L. A. Shaw, Peo 1,468
1906— FOR SHERIFF.
Christopher Strassheim.R.131,608
Harry R. Gibbons, Dem.. 93,836
S. A. Wilson, Pro 3.745
James P. Larson, Soc... 26,055
.las. J. Gray, Ind. League 49,296
John Fitzpatrick, Prog.Al. 1.400
1908— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
John E. W. Wayman, Rep.197,805
Jacob J. Kern, Dem 146,133
William Street. Pro 45,528
Seymour Stedman, Soc — 17,471
Charles H. Mitchell, Ind. t,279
1910— FOR SHERIFF.
Michael Zimmer, Dem 165,445
Frank A. Vogler. Rep.... 145.598
O. F. Sorber, Pro 5,038
Wm.Van Bodegraven, Soc. 27,588
1912— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Maclay Hoyne, Dem 122,419
Lewis Rinaker, Rep 113,181
Wm. A. Cnnnea, Soc 107,647
Geo. I. Haight. Prog 93,495
John H. Hill, Pro 2,896
1914— FOR SHERIFF.
Frederick S. Oliver, Prog.. 50,117
John E. Traeger, Dem 166,335
Geo. K. Schmidt, Rep 112,502
B. McMahon, Soe 23,319
G. W. Hoover, Pro 1.229
1916— FOR STATE'S
ATTORNEY.
Maclay Hoyne, Dem 236,354
Harry B. Miller. Rep... 191.456
William A. Cunnea. Soc. 102,579
FEDERAL, BOARD OF MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION.
Commissioner of Mediation— William L. Cham-
bers.
Assistant Commissioner of Mediation — G. W.
W. Hangrar.
Board of Mediation and Conciliation — Martin
A. Knapp, chairman: William L. Chambers,
G. W. W. Hang-ar, secretary.
Secretary— William H. Smith.
Office — Southern, building-. Washing-ton, D. C.
The board of mediation and conciliation, cre-
ated by act of congress approved July 15,
1913. was established to settle by mediation,
conciliation and arbitration controversies con-
cerning- wages, hours of labor or conditions of
employment that may arise between common
carriers engaged in interstate transportation
and their employes engaged in train operation
or train service. Whenever such a controversy
arises, interrupting or threatening to interrupt
the operation of trains to the serious detri-
ment of the public interest, upon the request
of either party the board of mediation is re-
quired to use its best efforts by mediation
and conciliation to bring about an agreement.
If such efforts are unsuccessful, the board en-
deavors to induce the parties to submit their
controversy to arbitration and, if successful,
makes the necessary arrangements for such
arbitration. The board is an independent
office.
AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
AMERICAN.
Detroit — In Belle Isle park.
Chicago— In Lincoln park.
Cincinnati — Zoological park.
Los Angeles — In Griffith's park.
Milwaukee — In West park.
New York— In Bronx park.
New York— In Central park.
Philadelphia— Zoological park.
Pittsburgh — In Schenley park.
San Francisco — In Golden Gate
park.
Washington— National Zoological
park.
EUROPEAN-.
Amsterdam — "Artis."
Antwerp— Dierentuln.
Berlin— Zoologischer garteu.
Cologne — Zoologischer garten.
Copenhagen — Dyrehave.
Dublin— Phoenix park.
Hamburg— Hagenbeck collection.
Hamburg — Zoologischer garten.
Hanover — Zoologlscher garten.
London — In Regents park.
Manchester— Belle Vue.
Paris — Jardln d'Acclimatation.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
MEMBERS OF THE 61ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF ILLINOIS (1918-1919).
Senators and representatives are paid $3,500 for term of two years. Senators are elected
for four years and representatives for two.
SENATE.
Republicans, 34: democrats, 17.
Dist.
1. Francis P. Brady. R.. 119 E. 20th-st..
Chicago.
2. J. M. Powell. D.. 1729 W. Madison-st..
Chicago.
3. S. A. Ettelson. R., 3659 Michigan-av..
Chicago.
4. Al F. Gorman, D., 5436 Morgan-st..
Chicago.
5. M. D. Hull. R.. 4855 Woodlawn-av.. Chi-
6.*J. J.' Barbour. R., 7622 Sheridan-rd.. Chi-
cago.
7. F. B. Roos. R., 512 Marengo-av.. Forest
Park.
8. Rodney B. Swift, R.. Libertyville.
9. P. J. Carroll. D.. 3633 S. Hermitage-av..
Chicago.
10. John A. Atwood. R.. Stillman Valley.
11. Frank P. Sadler. R.. 6556 Yale-av.. Chi-
cago.
12. John G. Turnbaugh. R., Mount Carroll.
13. A. C. Clark, R., 7137 Euclid-av.. Chicago.
14. Harold C. Kessinger. R., Aurora.
16. J. J. Boehm. D.. 729 W. 18th-st.. Chicago.
16. Simon E. Lantz, R., Congerville.
17. E. J. Glackin. D.. 745 Lytle-st., Chicago.
18. John Dailey. R.. Peoria.
19. J. T. Denvir. D., 1847 S. Crawford-av.,
Chicago.
20. Edward C. Curtis. R.. Grant Park.
21. E. J. Hughes, D., 3838 Fulton-st.. Chicago.
22. Martin B. Bailey. R., Danville.
23. Henry W. Austin. R., Oak Park.
24. Henry M. Dunlap, R., Savoy.
25. D. Herlihy. D.. 2743 N. Albany-av.. Chi-
cago.
26. William H. Wright, R., McLean.
27. J. Broderick. D.. 732 W. Madison-st.. Chi-
cago.
28. William G. McCullough. D., Decatur.
29. P. J. Sullivan. D., 121 Maple-st., Chicago.
30. Walter I. Manny. D.. Mount Sterling.
31. W. H. Cornwell, R.. 3826 Alta Vista-ter..
Chicago.
32. Clarence F. Buck. R.. Monmouth.
33. Martin R. Carlson. R.. Moline.
34. John R. Hamilton. R.. Mattoon.
35. Adam C. Cliffe. R., Sycamore.
36. Charles R. McNay, D.. Ursa.
37. Clayton C. Pervier, R., Sheffield.
38. Stephen D. Canaday. D., Hillsboro.
39. T. G. Essington. R., LaSalle.
40. Frank B. Wendling, D.. Shelbyville.
41. Richard J. Barr. R.. Joliet.
42. F. C. Campbell. D.. Xenia.
43. W. S. Jewell, R.. Lewistown.
44. Frank M. Hewitt, R.. Carbondale.
45. John A. Wheeler. R.. Springfield.
46. Charles L. Wood, R.. Keens.
47. J. G. Bardill. R.. Highland.
48. Raleigh M. Shaw, D., Lawrenceville.
49. R. E. Duvall. R.. Belleville.
50. Sidney B. Miller. R.. Cairo.
51. W. A. Spence. R.. Metropolis.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Republicans. 90: democrats, 63.
Dist.
1. John Griffin. D., 2020 Indiana-av.. Chicago.
W. M. Brinkman. R.. 3119 Indiana-av.,
Chicago.
S. B. Turner, R.. 21 E. 28th-st.. Chicago.
2. Frank Ryan. D., 2139 W. 13th-st., Chicago.
S. E. Weinshenker, D.. 1001 S. Ashland-
bd.. Chicago.
R. J. Marcy, R., 1953 W. Congress-st..
Chicago.
3. A. H. Roberts, R., 3405 Calumet-av., Chi-
cago.
Warren B. Douglas, R., 3434 Calumet-av..
Chicago.
George G. Noonan, D.. 536 W. 31st-st.,
Chicago.
Diet.
4. Emil O. Kowalski. R.. 50 W. 44th-st.. Chi-
cago.
Frank McDermott, D., 1552 W. Garfielil-
bd., Chicago.
James P. Boyle, D., 5448 S. Union-av..
Chicago.
6. Sidney Lyon. R., 5250 S. Michigan-av..
Chicago.
Theodore K. Long, R.. 4823 Kimbark-av..
Chicago.
Michael L. Igoe, D., 5434 Cornell-ay..
Chicago.
0. Ralph E. Church. R., 1411 Chicago-av..
Evanston.
Emil A. W. Johnson. R.. 2131 Potwyne-
pl., Chicago.
Rot
ibert E. Wilson, D.. 4025 Greenview-av..
Chicago.
7. Albert F. Volz, R., Arlington Heights.
Howard P. Castle, R., Barrington.
John W. McCarthy, D.. Lemont.
8. Edward D. Shurtleff. R.. Marengo.
James H. Vickers, R., Harvard.
Thomas E. Graham, D., Ingleside.
9. David E. Shanahan. R.. 3315 S. Western-
bd.. Chicago.
Joseph Placek. D., 2347 S. Kedzie-av.. Chi-
cago.
Thomas A. Doyle, D., 3549 Lowe-av., Chi-
cago.
10. Charles W. Baker. R.. Monroe Center.
H. S. Hicks. R.. Rockford.
Guy W. Ginders. R., Rockford.
11. William H. Cruden. R.. 10204 Wallace-st..
Chicago.
Edward B. Lucius, R.. 7520 Stewart-av..
Chicago.
Frank J. Ryan. D.. 6828 Bishop-st.. Chi-
cago.
12., Robert Irwin, R., Mount Carroll.
''Joseph L. Meyers, R., Scioto Mills.
Charles F. Franz. D.. Freeport.
13. C. A. Young. R.. 2809 E. 76th-st.. Chi-
cago.
G. A. Dahlberg1. R.. 147 E. lllth-st.. Chi-
cago.
James W. Ryan. D., 7343 Crandon-av..
Chicago.
14. DeGoy B. Ellis. R., Elgin.
Frank A. McCarthy. R.. Elgin. .
Fred B. Shearer. R.. Aurora.
15. Thomas Curran. R., 2023 S. 'Racine-av..
Chicago.
Joseph Perina. D., 1835 Fisk-st.. Chicago.
Peter F. Smith. D.. 1608 S. Union-av..
Chicago.
16. Charles M. Turner. R., Wenona.
William H. Bentley, R.. Pontiac.
Michael Fahy, D., Toluca.
17. Edward J. Smejkal, R., 560 Bunker-st..
Chicago.
Charles Cola. D., 817 Forquer-st.. Chicago.
Jacob W. Epstein, IV 1133 Newberry-av..
Chicago.
18. Charles W. LaPorte, R.. Peoria.
Charles S. Stubbles, R.. Peoria.
Thomas N. Gorman. D.. Peoria.
19. Solomon P. Roderick, R., 3310 Douglae-
bd., Chicago.
J. T. Prendergast, D., 1233 S. Lawndale-
av., Chicago.
James P. O'Brien, D.. 4118 Washington-
bd.. Chicago.
20. Richard R. Meents, R.. Ashkum.
Israel Dudgeon, R.. Morris.
B. W. Alpiner. D.. Kankakee.
21. Frederick J. Bippus. R.. 4733 W. Chicago-
av.. Chicago.
Michael F. Maher. D.. 753 N. Central
Park-av.. Chicago.
Benjamin M. Mitchell. D.. 3210 Washingr-
ton-blvd.. Chicago.
22. Abraham L. Stanfleld. R.. Paris.
William P. Holaday. R.. Georgetown.
Archie M. Vance. D., Paris.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
797
Dist.
23. William G. Thon. R.. 1220 N. Spaulding-
,-iv.. Chicago.
.tidward M. Overland. R.. 3228 Hirsch-st..
Chicago.
Thomas P. Keane. D.. 2705 Iowa-st.. Chi-
cago
24. WiUiam H. H. MiUer. R.. Champaign.
Charles A. Gregory. R.. Lovinglou.
Jacob R. Drake. D.. Lovington.
25. Charles L. Fieldstack. R.. 4016 N. Hard-
ing-av., Chicago.
Theodore K. Steinert. R.. 2112 Powell-
John G?a5acobson. D.. 1646 N. Irving-
av.. Chicago.
26. William Howe. R.. Saybrook.
William Noble. H.. Giuson City.
George E. Dooley. D.. Le Roy.
27. Edward Walz. H.. 541 W. Lake-st.. Chi-
Joseph Patlak. D.. 1600 W. North-av.,
Chicago.
James M. Donlan. D.. 954 W. Madison-st..
Chicago
28. Orpheus W. Smith. R., Decatur
Edwin C. Perkins. R.. Lincoln.
Horace W. McDavid. D.. Decatur.
29. Bernanl F. Clettenberg. R.. 1136 Orleans-
Bernard J. Conlon. D.. 163 E. Chicago-av..
Lawrence C. O'Brien. D.. 1216 Dearborn-
av.. Chicago.
30. Homer J. Tice, R.. Greenview
Ben L. Smith. D.. Pekin.
William H. Dieterich D.. Beardstown
31. Carl MueUer, R.. 2143 Lincoln Park West.
Chicago.
James A. Steven R.. 2148 N. Clark-st..
Chicago.
Frank J. Seif. Jr., D.. 1529 Orchard-st..
Chicago.
32. James M. Pace. R.. Macomb.
Rollo R. Robbins. R.. Augusta.
Ernest O. Reaugh. D.. Carthage.
33. James A. Wells. R.. Aledo.
Frank E. Abbey. R.. Biggsville.
Everett L. Werts. D.. Oauawka.
34. E. Walter Green. R.. Hindsboro.
A. L. Ruffner. R.. Marshall.
Robert Howard. D.. Mattoon. .
35. Frederick A. Brewer. R.. Tampico.
A. T. Tourtillott. R.. Dixon.
John P. Devine. D.. Dixon.
Dist.
36. A. Otis Arnold. R.. Quincy.
Henry Bowers. D.. Pittsfleld.
Holland M. Wagner. D.. Quincy.
37. Randolph Boyd. R., Galva.
John W. Walters. R.. Wyoming.
Frank W. Morrasy. D.. Sheffield.
38. Otto C. Sonnemann. R.. Carlinyille.
Truman A. Snell. D.. Carlinville.
H. A. Shephard, D.. Jersey ville.
39. WiUiam M. Scanlan. R.. Peru.
R. G. Soderstrom, R.. Streator.
Lee O'Neil Browne. D.. Ottawa.
40. Lincoln Bancroft, D., Greenup.
Arthur Roe. D.. Vandalia.
John C. Richardson. D.. Edenburg.
41. James R. Bentley. R.. New Lenox.
William R. McCabe. R.. Lockpqrt.
Michael F. Hennebry. D.. Wilmington.
42. Charles L. McMackin. R.. Salem.
A. B. Lager. D.. Breese.
John W. Thomason. D.. Louisville.
43. Owen B. West. R.. Yates City,.
A. O. Lindstrum. R., Galesburg.
M. P. Rice. D.. Lewistown.
44. W. George Beever. R.. Chester.
Harry Wilson. R.. Pinckneyville.
James M. Etherton. D.. Carbondale.
45. Jacob Frisch. R.. Springfield.
Fred W. Wanless. R.. Riverton.
Clarence A. Jones. D.. Springfield.
46. W. B. Phillips. R.. Mount Vernon.
Frank Vice. Jr.. R., Olney.
John Kasserman. D.. Newton.
47. Norman G. Flagg. R.. Moro.
Chris Rethmeier. R.. Edwardsville.
Ferdinand A. Garesche. D.. Madison.
48. James A. Watson. R.. Elizabethtown.
Samuel R. Thomas R.. Oblong.
Rene Havill. D.. Mount Carmel.
49. Charles F. Short. R.. East St. Louis.
James W. Rentchler. R.. Belleville.
Frank Holt on. D.. East St. Louis.
50. James P. Mooneyhan. R.. Benton.
Charles Curren. R.. Mound City.
J. L. Hammond. D.. Anna.
51. Claude F. Lacy. R.. Boaz.
K. C. Ronalds. R.. Eldorado.
John J. Parish. D.. Harrisburg.
, Summary.
Senate. House. J. B.
Republicans 34 90 124
Democrats 17 63 80
ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE VOTE, NOV. 5, 1918.
Those elected are designated by an asterisk (•)
STATE SENATORS.
51st and 52d General Assemblies.
Dist
1. Francis P. Brady,* Rep 5.140
P. H. Geluck. Soc 147
3. Samuel A. Ettelson.* Rep 7.901
William J. Hennessey. Dem 5-4Z8
W. L. Berteau. Soc 259
5. Morton D. Hull.* Rep 1%-%%7
Andy Coleman. Dem 7.79.
Leo B. Shire. Soc 488
7. Frederick B. Roos.* Rep 15.-29£
Thomas C. Stobbs. Dem 6,920
WilUam Van Bodegraven, Soc 1,365
9. Frank Trefil. Rep 4.100
Patrick J. Carroll,* Dem 9.:i63
Charles Toepper. Soc / 548
11. Frank P. Sadler.* Rep JS-I™
William .1. Mclnerny, Dem
J. W. Deal. Soc 1.144
13. Albert C. Clark.* Rep }5-827
James J. Mulcaheny, Dem 12.191
Zephiere Pepin. Soc 1.740
15. Adolph Blazek. Rep 2.234
John J. Boehm.* Dem 4.602
Joseph Mark, Soc 213
17. Andrew Wright. Rep 695
Edward J. Glackin.* Dem 3.281
19. J. Frank Hemmons, Rep 11.538
John T. Denvir.* Dem 21.686
Daniel A. Urets, Soc 2.298
DM.
21. Edwin T. Farrar, Rep ............... 6,669
Edward J. Hughes.* Dem ............ 9,165
Thomas L. Slater, Soc ............... 540
23. Henry W. Austin,* Rep ............. 11,159
George R. Bruce. Dem ............... 9.791
Theophil F. Lippold. Soc ............ 2,417
25. Charles G. Hutchinson. Rep .......... 17.631
Daniel Herlihy,* Dem ................ 18.065
Car! A. Jubersr. Soc ............ •. ---- 4.214
27. Albert Rostenkowski. Rep ........... 2,695
John Broderick.* Dem ............... 5.085
29. William F. Peters. Rep .............. 2,687
Patrick J. Sullivan,* Dem ............ 3.R92
George Schmidt. Soc ................ 238
31. Willett H. Cornwell.* Rep ........... 16.671
Edward J. Flynn. Dem .............. 9,205
Robert Norberer. Soc ................. 1,559
33. Martin R. Carlson.* Rep ........... 10.208
Thomas P. Sinnett. Dem ............ 5.464
L. K. England. Soc .................. 1.430
35. Adam C. Cliffe.* Rep ................ 11.767
. .
N. H. Jensen. Soc
241
. . . ............... ....
37. Clayton C. Pervier.* Rep ............ 10.318
David W. Davis. Dem ............... 4,524
John P. B*ck. Soc ...................
39. Thurlow G. Essington.* Rep ........ 8.79!
Peter E. Coleman. Dem .............. 6.493
John J. Schaulin. Jr.. Soc ........... 429
41. Richard J. Ban-.* Rep ............... 12.960
Max Hauswald. Soc .................. n 873
43. WilMam S. Jewell.* Rep ............ 9,980
H. V. Johnson. Dem .................. 4,302
E. E. Harvey. Soc ................... 344
798
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOB 1919.
Dist.
4.5. John A. Wheeler.* Rep 12,047
Arthur L. Hereford. Dem 11,030
Freeman Thompson, Soc 506
47. J. G. Bardill.* Rep 9,130
Herbert G. Giberson. Dem 6,925
, E. G. Galloway, Soc 927
49 R. E. Duvall,* Rep 9,149
William N. Baltz. Dem 8,798
John Lilly. Soc 1.116
51. W. A. Spence,* Rep 9.290
G. K. Fan-is. Dem 4,766
REPRESENTATIVES.
51st General Assembly.
1. William M. Brinkman,* Rep 6,375
Sheadrick B. Turner,* Rep 5.978
John Griffin,* Dem 14,820
C. W. Howorth. Soc : 305
Z. Roger P. Marchy. * Rep 9,019
Samuel E. Weinshenker,* Dem 7,674
Frank Ryan,* Dem 8,314
Arthur E. Smith. Soc 1,770
3. Adelbert H. Roberts,* Rep 11,509
Warren D. Douglas,* Rep 10.358
George Garry Noonan,* Dem 14,897
H. S. Smith, Soc 610
4. Emil O. Kowalski,* Rep 11,397
James P. Boyle,* Dem 11.495
Frank McDermott,* Dem 12,467
5. Sidney Lyons,* Rep 22,209
Theodore K. Long,* Rep.. 19.676
Michael L. Igoe,* Dem .15.536
John F. Healy. Dem 12,712
Orren W. Horton, Soc 1,106
6. Ralph E. Church.* Rep 26.812
Emil A. W. Johnson.* Rep 23,271
Robert E. Wilson.* D«m 31,378
Adolph W. Harrack. Soc 6.185
7. Albert F. Bolz.* Rep 22.997
Howard P. Castle,* Rep 22.368
John W. McCarthy,* Dem 17,732
Clarence H. Owens. Soc 3,421
, 8. Edward D. Shurtleff.* Rep 17.571
James H. Vickers.* Rep 14.773
Thomas E. Graham,* Dem 6,508
J. W. Freund. Dem 4,112
Gust Hausadowski, Soc 707
9. David E. Shanahan.* Rep 10,296
Joseph Placek,* Dem 15,084
Thomas A. Doyle,* Dem 13,444
Albert F. Pasecky. Soc 1.273
10. H. S. Hicks.* Rep 11,889
Guy W. Ginders,* Rep 10.120
Charles W. Baker,* Rep 13.142
Hugh J. Gallagher, Dem 6.998
Charles F. Johnson, Soe 2.568
11. William H. Crudden,* Rep 23,128
Edward B. Lucas,* Rep 21.538
Frank J. Ryan.* Dem 20,920
William S. Callahan. Dem 17.593
Kellam Foster, Soc 2,781
12. Robert Irwin,* Rep 13,798
Joseph L. Meyers,* Rep 12,863
Charles F. Franz,* Dem 11,196
E. I. Rubendall, Soc 1,098
13. C. A. Young.* Rep 24,350
Gotthard A. Dahlberg-.* Rep 21.009
James W. Ryan,* Dem 34,206
Joseph A. Gajeski, Soc 4,571
14. DeGoy B. Ellis,* Rep 12,778
Frank A. McCarthy,* Rep 11.884
Fred B. Shearen.* Ren 10.700
R. A. Milroy. Dem 9,805
Otto S. Jessen. Soc 1,010
15. Thomas Curran,* Rep 4,851
Peter F. Smith,* Dem ($.669
Joseph Perina.* Dem 7,794
Edward J. Maruska, Soc 596
16. Charles M. Turner,* Rep 14,486
William H. Bentley,* Rep 15,923
Michael Fahy,* Dem 12,310
Daniel Reece, Soc 472
17. Edward J. Smejkal.* Rep 2,364
Charles Cola.* Dem 4.891
Jacob W. Epstein,* Dem 4.620
18. Charles W. LaPorte.* Rep 15.723
Charles Summers Stubbles,* Rep... 13. 839
Thomas N. Gorman,* Dem 18.824
R. B. Edwards, Soc 677
Dist.
19. Solomon P. Roderiek,* Rep 23.171
James M. Kittleman. Rep 17,621
James T. Prendergast.* Dem 29,792
James P. O'Brien.* Dem 28941
Frank J. Blahn, Soc 6328
20. Richard R. Meents,* Rep 14795
Israel Dudgeon.* Rep 14'l62
-,! i- W-- AlpTme£<* Dem. . ll!639
:U. Frederick J. Bippus.* Hep 12,260
Thomas P. Devereuxr. Rep 10,866
Michael F. Maher,* Dem 13 740
Benjamin M. Mitchell.* Dem 11197
H. W. Harris, Soc 1 409
22. William P. Holaday,* Rep. . . . . ..'.. .13'.728
Abraham L. Stanfleld,* Rep 14,220
Archie M. Vance,* Dem 15.85.3
P. J. Breen. Dem, 12009
Edward M. Methe, Soc 438
23. William G. Thon,* Rep 717.914
Edward M. Overland,* Rep 16257
Thomas P. Keane.* Dem 26 '>>:>9
William Mack. Soc 7*188
24. William H. Miller.* Rep 13.717
Charles A. Gregory,* Rep 13,264
Joseph R. Drake.* Dem... ...14032
Eugene Knox. Soc 277
25. Charles L. Fieldstack.* Rep 28 735
Theodore R. Steinart.* Rep 27,903
John G. Jacobeon.* Dem . . .46,640
Albert Germer. Soc 11456
26> ^,1,1Jam §ow,e-! Rep 11,698
William Noble* Rep ..11594
George E. Dolley,* Dem 9292
James J. Nevin. Ind. Labor 5,694
27. Edwin Walz,» Rep 3790
James M. Donlan • Dem ... . . 7 684
Joseph Petlak.* Dem 9197
28. Edward C. Perkins,* Rep 14,490
Orpheus W. Smith.* Rep 15,274
Horace W. McDavid,* Dem 13.562
Peter Murphy. Dem , . . 10,521
J. E. Deverell. Soc 759
29. Bernard F. Clettenberg * Rep 6,981
Bernard J. Conlon.* Dem 5,131
Lawrence C. O'Brien,* Dem . 4,588
Evar Anderson. Soc 652
30. Homer J. Tice,* Rep ... 26 279
William H. Dieterich,* Dem 14,556
Ben L. Smith* Dem ,..14,642
Earl Meixell. Soc 501
31. Carl Mueller,* Rep 22.752
James A. Stevens,* Rep . .21 450
Frank J. Seii,* Dem 15,773
John J. Kelly. Dem ...14,517
Arthur F. Almgren, Soc 3,172
32. James M. Pae,* Rep 13,564
Rollo R. Robbins.* Rep :.. 13,188
Ernest O. Reaugh.* Dem 9,836
John W. Lusk. Dem 9.563
C. M. Burnham. Soc 417
33. Frank E. Abbey,* Rep 15,108
James A. Wells.* Rep ..15,372
Everett L. Werts.* Dem ..13,646
Edgar Owens. Soc , .. 4,604
William C. Maucker, Ind 5.296
34. E. Walter Green.* Rep 12.127
A. L. Ruffner,* Rep 12,026
Robert Howard.* Dem 10,172
J. A. Sweet. Dem 9.099
35. Frederick A. Brewer,* Rep 17.609
Albert T. Tourtillot.* Rep 17,156
John P. Devine,* Dem 9,751
H. F. Gehnt. Soc 754
36. A. Otis Arnold,* Rep 20,149
Henry Bowers.* Dem 14,616
Roland W. Wagner,* Dem 13.899
George B. Landweher. Soc...' 851
37. Randolph Boyd.* Rep 14,024
John W. Walters.* Rep 13,808
Frank W. Morrasy,* Dem 9,16o
William J. McGuire. Dem 7,041
Frank A. Castle, Soc 761
38. Otto C. Sonnemann.* Rep 24.352
Truman A.. Snell.* Dem 16,085
H. A. Shepard.* Dem 15.114
J. C. Schrock, Soc 1,114
09. William M. Scanlan,* Rep 14,829
R. G. Soderstrom.* Rep 14.790
Lee O'Neil Browne.* Dem 16.690
Joseph McCabe, Soc 1,325
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
799
Dist.
40. Lincoln Bancroft.* Rep
.26,045
Dist.
46. Frank Vice,* Rep...
11 178
Arthur Roe,* Dem
..14,041
W. B. Phillips * Rep
14 146
John C. Richardson,* Dem
..13,594
John Kasserman,* Dem
. .11,138
James Haynes, Soc
568
John L. Cooper. Dem
10.94.'>
.19,171
.18,677
15 962
47. Norman G. Flare.* Rep
. . 13.961
William R. McCabe,* Rep
Chris Rethmeier,* Rep
Ferdinand A. Garesche.* Dem....
. . 13,425
.. 9,923
2,188
William Dickman. Dem.. ..
. . 7,469
43. Charles L. McMackin.* Rep
G. O. Lewis, Rep
A. B. Large,* Dem
John W. Thomason,* Dem
Henry Gerling'. Soc
43. Owen B. West.* Rep
A. O. Lindstrum,* Rep
Patrick W. Gallagher, Dem
12,303
11,091
1 3 084
11,369
. 467
13,215
12.690
9 222
Ernest L. Rose, Dem
Dan H. Sling-er, Soc
48. James A. Watson,* Rep j. .
Samuel R. Thomas, * Rep
Rene Havill,* Dem
Jerome Harrell. Dem...
W. H. Spaulding-. Soc ,
49. James W. Rentchler,* Rep..
Charles F. Short.* Rep
. . 6,207
2,600
. 16,028
15.594
.,14,517
13,971
349
.13,196
. .13.733
A. C. Butler. Soc
44. Harry Wilson,* Rep
W. George Beever.* Rep
James M. Etherton.* Dem
Lewis Tebeau. Dem
J. G. Lane, Soc
45. Jacob Frisch,* Rep
Fred W. Wanless, • Rep
Clarence A. Jones,* Dem
Henry J. Rodgrers, Dem
•818
18,888
.19.758
13.413
. 10.953
784
.19.960
..19.849
.16,696
.14.398
Fred J. Kern, Dem
Frank Holton,* Dem
Fred J. Nebgren, Soc
50. Charles Curt-en, * Rep .
James P. Mooneyhan,* Rep.. .
James H. Felts. Dem
J. L. Hammond,* Dem
Earl Baumg-ardner, Soc. . .
51. Claude F. Lacv,* Rep...
K. C. Ronalds.* Rep ,
John J. Parish.* Dem .'
.,12,968
1 3 303
5,026
18,713
20,545
12,193
13,140
,. 1.015
..13.347
..13.950
..12.907
REGISTRATIC
REVISED FIGURES (SPRING
August. 1918.
Ward. Men. Women.
1 12,233 3,322
2 17,014 9,776
3 16.091 11.322
4 8,923 4.942
5 11,192 5,341
6 18,312 13.184
7 20.786 15.402
8 11 752 6 700
.. 595
1914.
18,809
18,876
10,826
8,057
18,554
9,367
7,947
18,898
12,241
23,209
15,826
33,388
25,738
27,664
19,063
17.S84
15.974
33,767
39 95°
27i378
23.136
N OF ^
.
Total.
15,555
26,790
27,413
13,865
16,533
31,496.
36,188
18.432
20,537
9,651
11,803
15.819
26.772
19,298
21,211
10,382
7,783
18,058
9,164
7.684
19.271
10.471
23.798
17.626
44,206
32,673
41,519
19,269
24,310
16,846
26,398
40,492
OTERS IX CHICAGO.
Ward. 1917. 1916. 1915.
14 19868 19484 21203
15 21731 20*430 °1*009
1« 10,927 ll.'lSa ll',613
IJ, 7.811 8,162 8.359
J8 20,095 21,040 23.591
19 9.148 9,727 10,460
20 7.233 7.790 8,072
21 20.550 19,881 21,866
22 10,520 11,594 12.051
23 25.383 23,039 25,441
9 12.931 7,606
10 6.292 3.359
11 7,757 4,046
12 10.139 6,680
13 16.051 10.721
14 11.878 7,420
15 14.202 7,009
16 7,019 3,363
17 5.581 2.202
18 12.353 5.705
19 6.703 2,461
Z* 17,582 17,525 17,804
25 46,120 35,697 38,104
26 32.327 27.864 29,124
27 38.825 32,378 31,862
28 19.575 19.407 20580
29 23.662 22,515 20,612
30 17,098 17.529 17,876
31 26,494 25,393 26,325
32 40538 36322 37478
33 37.229 31,'711 311319
34 27,241 25,411 26,296
3o 34957 30900 3196°
'11 13.005 fi,266
22 7,180 3,291
23 14,613 9,185
24 . 11.794 5.832
Totals . . *788,535 731,201 769.106
•Men. 490,604; women, 297,931.
REVISED FIGURES (FALL)
October. 1918.
Ward. Men. Women.
1 8,671 2,038
3 ,. 12,287 5.743
3 12,309 7,445
4 6,811 3,853
5 8,145 3,823
673,897
Total.
10.709
18.029
19,754
10,664
11,968
24.363
26.928
13,952
14,177
7.245
8.835
13.401
19.701
15.074
15.510
7,713
5,581
14,164
6,098
5.712
13.265
7,177
18.980'
12,948
34,068
24,248
25 .. 25.420 18.786
26 20,389 12,284
27 . 27078 14441
28 X12.692 6,577
29 16.160 8,150
30 10,896 5.950
31 15.433 10,965
32 24,029 16,463
34 17.862 8,805
35 21,112 13,050
Totals 493,578 286,634
In Previous Years.
Ward. 1917. 1916. 1915.
1 14,374 14.113 17,002
2 24.441 21.996 28.381
3 27.933 25,703 28.131
4 13.562 14,745 14,688
5 16.023 16.009 16,967
6 34.183 29,048 31,181
7 37 874 31 7°1 32 738
26,667
34,162
780,212
1914.
15,445V
23,617
24.983
11,573
15,136
28.408
29.560
15,844
16.364
10.691
11,604
15,195
24,481
6 15,503 8.860
7 16.933 9,995
8 9,474 4,478
9 9,719 4.458
10 4,886 2,359
11 5905 2930
12 8640 4761
13 12.679 7.022
14 9,686 5,388
15 10,863 4,647
16 5,262 2.451
17 3.896 1,685
18 10,193 3,971
19 4.681 1.417
8 18.762 18,657 18.517
9 19,830 18,783 19,200
10 9.414 9.819 10,205
11 11,588 12,349 12.682
12 16.274 15.871 16.737
13 29,343 27,330 29,670
21 9,641 3,624
22 ' 5.291 1,886
23 12,465 6,515
24 9.142 ' 3.806
25 21.446 12.622
26 16,656 7,593
809
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Ward.
37
Men.
22 453
Women.
8.847
4.746
4,936
3.960
7.820
11.004
8.998
5.903
8.866
2.544
Total.
31.300
14.628
17.030
11.860
19.835
30.111
27.606
20.105
25.951
7.878
Ward.
14
1910.
9.893
•1912.
12,727
12.949
7.530
6,150
15.733
7.235
5.158
15,239
8.653
15.520
11.426
18.995
15,940
15.541
12,178
10.610
10.908
14,374
18.069
16.775
14.140
15,705
3.147
1914.
15,139
15,780
8.907
6.670
15.226
7,336
6.646
15,994
9,018
19.214
12.516
27,435
20.539
22 238
15,488
14.088
13,231
19.599
26.615
22.351
19.248
21.850
4.994
1916.
20.750
21.963
10,802
7.804
22.337
9.399
7,200
22,549
10.610
26.508
17,486
47.696
33.142
39.233
19.901
22.829
17.678
26.881
41,240
37.036
27.062
35.212
9,033
28
9 882
15...
9.889
29
. 12 094
16...
7,028
30.
7 900
17. ..
6.248
31. .
12 015
18
7,952
19 107
19
5.894
33
18 608
20
11.117
34 i
14 202
21
10.038
35...
17 085
22
6,760
5 334
23
8,294
Totals.
24
8 983
393 796
L92.772
irs.
1914.
11.528
18.778
19.046
11.493
13.543
22,767
24.931
13.174
13.869
8.179
10.317
13.566
19,744
586.568
1916.
15.199
26.750
29,882
13,838
16.051
36,014
38.314
19,059
20.040
9.276
11,749
16.521
30,033
25
22,012
Ward.
In Previous Ye<
1910. *1912.
. 7,335 12.366
26...
15 360
27...
19 115
28
11 973
29
9 645
O
. 10.176 15.420
30
9 555
;$
. 9.917 16.118
31
14 503
4
. 7.236 8.847
32
14 244
5
. 8.423 9,601
33
11 081
6
. 15.342 17,606
34
13 504
7
. 19.259 17.479
35
11 777
8
9.201 10 238
1 835
9
. 4,320 10.638
Totals
•Ward
tMen. 5
10 ..
4 873 6 770
...375.146 448,062 560.967t817,152
boundaries changred Dec. 4. 1911.
10,425; women, 306.727.
11
6 695 8 227
12...
. 12.474 9 888
13....
. . 12,872 16,016
CITY PRIMARY ELECTION FEB. 28, 1918.
Returns are given only in cases where there were fairly close contests.
Ward.
Ward.
2 — Republican. Men. Women. Tot.
Oscar De Priest 2,406 1,645 4,051
Robert R. Jackson 2,800 1.749 4,549
5 — Democratic.
Robert J. Mulcahy 2.314 1.292 3,606
Frank A. Mulholland 1,565 838 2,403
7 — Republican.
William F. Mulvihill. ...1,907 1.805 3.712
Guy Guernsey 3,319 2,446 5,765
1 1 — Democratic.
Herman Krumdick 1.141 461 1,602
C. F. Pettkoske 1.025 425 1,460
18 — Democratic.
Martin Walsh 1,655 823 2.478
Wm. F. Kavanagrh 2.676 1.322 3.998
22 — Democratic.
John H. Bauler 1,033 530 1.563
Frank J. Seil, Jr 989 404 1.393
27 — Democratic.
Men. Women. Tot.
566
913
86
200
John M. McGowan 480
James L. Doherty 713
29— Republican.
Richard Farrell "... 716 351
R. G. Hunter 600 240
3J.— Republican.
Robert R. Peg-ram 1.278 906
Chas. A. Nicholls 1.421 1.091
33 — Democratic.
Christian Hede 917 457
Frank M. Padden 635 262
33— Republican.
J. W. Nielsen 2.049 994
A. O. Anderson 2,396 1.223
1.067
840
2,184
2.512
1.374
897
3.043
3.619
CITY ELECTION
VOTE FOR ALDERMEN.
Men. Women. Tot.
I.John J. Coug-hlin. Dem.. .5. 725 981 6.706
Walker E. Whitley. Rep.. 881 156 1.037
P. H. Geluk, Soc 191 33 224
2. Clem Kuehne. Dem 2.208 979 3,187
Robert R. Jackson. Rep.3,960 2,709 6.669
Arthur E. Halm, Soc..
Oscar De Priest, Ind.
3. U. S. Schwartz. Dem
Felix A. Norden, Rep.
Joseph H. Greer. Soc..
4. John A. Richert, Dem
230 82 31!
..3.313 2.708 6.021
..5.102 3,258 8.360
..3.118 2.419 5.537
.. 299 110 409
..3.398 1.245 4.643
582
86 668
Adolph Petratis. Soc..
5. Robert J. Mulcahy. Dem.3,772 1,703 5.475
John P. Norton, Rep 2,273 921 3,194
Fred'k G. Wellman. Soc.. 623 142 765
6. Willis O. Nance, Rep 4,130 1,853 5,983
Leo B. Shire, Soc 434 119 553
7. Georgre B. McCable. Dem.1.236 314 1,550
Guy Guernsey, Rep 5,165 2.740 7.905
Clarence W. Shaw, Soc.. 879 250 1.129
8. Martin S. Furman. Dem..4.076 2.149 6.225
Ernest M. Cross. Rep 3.390 1,839 5.229
Georgre W. Kohler, Soc... 649 180 829
9. Sheldon W. Govier, Dem.3.262 1,573 4,835
Oscar R. Hillstrom, Rep. 2.476 1.730 4.206
Zephiere Pepin. Soc 2.897 1.210 4.107
10. James McNicholas. Dem.2,779 1.470 4.249
Joseph Celovsky, Rep 979 3571.336
Stefan Gilla. Soc 467 162 629
11. Herman Krumdick. Dem.. 2. 401 994 3.485
APRIL 2. 1918.
Men. Women. Tot.
John C. Kruse. Rep 1.833 708 2.541
W. Van Bodengraven, Soc. 803 164 967
12. Joseph I. Novak. Dem. .4.314 2,005 6,319
William P. Holden. Rep. 1.545 519 2,064
Charles H. Beranek. Soc. 1.083 362 1.445
13. John G. Home, Dem 4.580 2.446 7.026
William F. Kramer, Rep.3.270 1.617 4,887
Charles H. Hair. Soc 914 2801.194
14. Joseph H. Smith. Dem.. 3.890 1.831 5.721
Wm. J. H. Schultz, Rep. 2. 695 1,630 4.325
H. W. Harris. Soc 673 259 932
15. C. L. Wroblowski. Dem.. 1.439 503 1,942
Oscar H. Olsen. Rep 3.978 1.753 5.731
Wm. E. Rodrigruez, Soc.. 4,039 1.478 5.517
16. J. A. Piotrowski. Dem. ..3.096 999 4.095
Peter Stravinski, Rep... 445 90 535
Saul A. Koppnag-le, Soc. . 427 93 520
17. S. S. WalKowiak. Dem... 1.938 955 2.893
Stanley J. Wolski. Rep. .1.638 573 2.211
18. M. F. Kavanag-h. Dem... 4. 928 1.961 6.889
John J. Gorman, Rep 3.417 1.849 5.266
Marion Wiley, Soc 659 206 865
19. James B. Bowler, Dem. ..3,443 902 4,345
F. A. Pellegrrino. Soc 31 11 42
20. Matt Franz. Dem 2.839 1.158 3,997
Joseph Bacher. Rep 440 157 697
Edwin H. Wieman, Soc... 314 90 404
21. William Reardon. Dem... 1.493 310 1,803
Earl J. Walker. Rep 3.294 1,328 4,622
Georg-e G. Schmidt. Soc.. 794 134 928
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
801
Men. Women. Tot.
John H. Bauler. Dem. . .2,609 1.198 3.807
Henry C. Jacobsen, Rep.. 370 122 492
Andrew Lafln, Soc 2,112 685 2,797
Walter P. Steffen. Rep... 4. 950 1,909 6.859
Charles Krumbein, Soc... 1,972 467 2,439
John Haderlein. Dem 3,044 1.379 4,423
Alex. J. Resa, Rep 2.396 1.223 3.619
A. W. Barrack, Soc 2,778 833 3,611
Joseph Hopp. Dem 3,007 1,239 4.246
Frank J. Link Rep 5.918 2.518 8.436
Gilbert F. Collins, Soc.. 1,025 272 1,297
William H. Pontow, Dem.4.379 1.902 6.281
Georg-e Pretzel, Rep 4.745 2.555 7.300
James Marshall, Soc 2.822 814 3,636
James L. Doherty. Dem.. 1.246 279 1.525
Oliver L. Watson, Rep. ..8.288 4.291 12579
Carl D. Thompson, Soc.. 6,739 2,215 8,954
Max Adamowski. Dem. .4,328 1.813 6.141
A. A. C. Mayer. Rep 1,823 791 2,614
Frank Shielersmith, Soc. 2.049 677 2.726
Thomas F. Byrne, Dem.. 4, 659 2.031 6,690
Richard Farrell. Rep 2,279 850 3.129
Joseph A. Ambroz, Soc. .2.371 654 3,025
Wm. R. O'Toole, Dem 3,016 1.085 4,101
Otto Teschner, Rep 1,953 975 2,928
Aaron Henry. Soc 297 60 3o7
Terence F. Moran, Dem. 4.743 3,288 8.031
Chas. A. Nicholls, Rep... 3.652 2,723 6.375
Chas. F. Woerner. Soc.. .1.191 450 1.641
E J. Tobin, Dem 3,112 9294.041
John H. Lyle. Rep 5.311 3,057 8.368
Joseph W. Morris. Soc.. .2.263 543 2,806
Men. Women. Tot.
33. Christian Hede, Dem 4,103 1,641 5.744
Albert O. Anderson, Rep.6,975 3,761 10786
Walter Hug-gins, Soc 2,845 827 3,672
34. John Toman, Dem 7,197 2,641 9.838
J. J. Merensky, Rep 1,605 525 2.130
Daniel A. Uretz, Soc.. .
35. Thomas J. Lynch. Dem
Harry R. Jackson. Rep
Albert C. Kalak, Soc...
.2.306 657 2.963
.7.162 2.985 10147
.1,863
.2,165
578 2.441
510 2,675
VOTE FOR CONGRESSMAN. 4TH DISTRICT.
To fill vacancy.
John W. Rainey, Dem 13.094
O. W. Christopher. Rep 4.366
Kasimir P. Gug-is, Soc 2,530
VOTE ON PROPOSITIONS.
Proposed annexation of the village of Elmwood
Park to the city of Chicago.
For— Men. 109.591: women. 27,186: total.
136,777.
Against— Men. 49,081; women, 10,996; total.
60,077.
Elmwood Park voted April 16 against an-
nexation, 203 to 131, and the proposition
failed.
Proposed annexation of portion of the town of
Norwood Park to the city of Chicago.
For— Men, 135,389: women, 44,168; total.
179 557
Against— Men, 67.114; women. 20,370: total,
87,481.
Not having received .a majority of the total
number of votes cast the proposition failed.
ILLINOIS PRIMARY ELECTION, SEPT. 11, 191».
FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR.
FOR STATE TREASURER.
Fred E. Sterling, Rep 217,942
Georg-e Edmund Foss, Rep 62,040
Medill McCormick. Rep 192'£~!
Charles F. White, Rep 114,668
James J. Brady. Dem 100.331
William M. Carr, Dem 40.580
John Downey, Dem 47.915
Robert L. Harvey, Soc 1,695
FOR CONGRESSMAN AT LARGE.
Frank Hall Childs, Rep 34,759
Jnmes Traynor. Df>m.. ^'sTvi
FOR SUPERINTENDKNT OF PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION.
Francis G. Blair. Rep ?S}'?o J
Hugh S. Magill. Jr.. Rep l2i'oS3.
Edwin Strauss. Dem V—t
Thomas J. Walsh. Dem 1>?on
William E. Mason. Rep 160.791
Lin William Price, Rep 27.241
Henry R Rathbone. Rep 113,120
William Grant Webster, Rep 41.151
Richard Yates. Rep 210,392
Michael H. Cleary. Dem 93«713
Benjamin J. Rosenthal. Dem 61.651
Robert C. Moors. Dem i«*=
O. F. Weber, Dem «••>
Emma Pischel. Soc ; l-Ow
REPUBLICAN PRIMARY ELECTION
Those nominated are indicated by an aster-
ick (*) and those renominated or re-electeu
by a dagger (t).
TOTAL VOTE CAST.
ial ' 2 773 309 3,082
7 950 2.846 10,796
5.687 2,114 7.801
4' 1 253 473 1.726
1.923 803 2,726
Clarence C. Brooks. Soc 1,628
Frank Watts. Soc.. 1.544
IN COOK COUNTY, SEPT. 11. 1918.
Ward. Men. Women. Total.
22... 1.379 149 1,528
23... 6,267 1,746 8.013
24... 2.536 903 3.439
25... . 10.710 2,703 13.413
26... 7,236 1,491 8,727
27 8.475 1,677 10.152
28... 3.173 994 4.167
29... 3.102 809 3,911
30... 2.285 1,227 3.512
31 4.942 2,912 7,854
7' 8.200 2,408 10.608
8 . 3,640 1.424 5,064
9 3.576 1,188 4,764
10 . 907 247 1.154
11 .. 1.598 782 2.380
12 1.292 375 1.667
13 3 901 1 081 4 982
32... 8.900 2,886 11,786
33 9.534 1,927 11,461
34 3.739 964 4,703
35 5.192 1.080 6,272
Chicago 144.899 43,082 187.981
Country 25.303 3,222 28.525
14 3.394 1.633 5.027
Total 170 202 46 304 216,506
15 3.514 1,092 4,606
UNITED STATES SENATOR.
Citv of Chicago. > Medill Wm.Hale Geo.E.
Ward McCormick. Thompson. Foss.
1.. 385 2132 109
16 773 217 990
17 1.005 294 1.290
18 2.802 790 3,592
19... 800 235 1.035
•>0 1 086 255 1.341
21... 3.847 810 4,657
:' .. 1001 6064 282
802
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
City of Chicago.
Ward.
3
Medil!
McCormick
2292
Wm.Hale
Thompso
2625
Geo.E.
i. Foss.
500
Medill Wm.Hale Geo.E.
McConnick. Thompson. Foes.
New Trier 1248 254 . 515
4 ...
320
731
74
Niles 33 395 71
425
1173
131
Northfleld 55 197 28
6...
. . 4136
2224
833
Norwood Park 32 103 7
7
4455
2574
976
Oak Park 2262 867 714
8
1586
1631
205
Orland 31 60 5
9
1456
1795
183
Palatine 58 195 57
10
83
750
30
Palos 24 49 7
11
663
748
73
Proviso 875 1379 526
12...
355
738
106
River Forest 246 167 90
13 . ..
1527
1725
407
Rich .' 21 126 12
14 .
1006
1925
235
Riverside 148 42 51
15
1054
2007
281
Schaumberg 5 95 1
16
206
406
90
Stickney 0 26 6
17
341
464
52
Thornton 626 493 209
18
1212
1252
201
Wheeling 60 272 62
19
148
496
72
Worth 363 403 79
°0
95
918
19
21 .
1795
1535
336
Total country 11021 8700 4091
22
468
711
83
Total Chicago 52721 70782 14737
24
879
13161
225
Grand total 63742 79482 18828
25
... 5438
3083
2022
26. ..
2577
3455
1047
27 ..
3138
4019
1061
28 ..
885
1741
340
29...
929
1675
228
30
349
1515
186
31
... 1194
2966
486
FOR STATE TREASURER.
32
. . . 4087
3393
1117
fhipaa'o fonntrv Tot 1
33...
3137
4963
1137
Fred E Sterling 78 437 15 382 93 810
34...
... 1007
2143
314
Charles F White 35 ''48 5 65° 40 000
35
... 1486
3125
478
Total Chicago.
Harrington
... £2721
69
70782
114
14737
55
INSTRUCTION.
Chicago. Country. Total.
Francis G. Blair 67,136 14,365 81.501
Bloom
469
412
273
Hugh S. McGill. Jr... 40,206 5,458 45.664
Bremen
58
178
21
CONGRESSMEN AT LARGE
Calumet
131
104
20
705
500
142
Two to be nominated.
Elk Grove..
19
179
5
Chicago. Country. Total.
1701
674
846
Frank H. Childs 12,777 3,310 16,087
Hanover
15
134
6
William E. Mason. . ..63,435 8,902 72,337
78
49
26
Lin W. Price 8,550 1,329 9,879
Leyden
75
219
34
Henry R. Rathbone. .43,894 10,483' 54,377
Lyons
737
289
173
William G. Webster. .14.492 2,761 17,253
Maine . .
496
498
124
Richard Yates 59,964 11,631 71,595
PRESIDENT SANITARY DISTRICT.
, Chicago. ^
Men. Women.
Alexander N. Todd* 58,933 18,692 6,306
Walter G. Davis 51,344. 16,275 7.140
TRUSTEES SANITARY DISTRICT.
Three to be nominated.
, Chicago. „
Men. Women.
Harry E. Littler* 47,270 14,149
William G. Healy* 48,516 12,892
Frank A. Vogler 40,155 11,264
Charles Vavrik 23,883 10,312
James P. Bowler 32,686 10,950
James L. Perry 20,283 9,271
Alexander N. Todd 41,376 14,250
Willis O. Nance*.. 46,209 13,104
Walter G. Davis 40,812 13,890
, Country. ,
Men. Women.
799
971
Total.
84,430
75,730-
Total.
67,328
(59,657
58,191
36.030
46,311
32,294
60.110
67,055
61,548
COUNTY JUDGE.
Chicago. Country. Total.
Allan J. Carter 35,109 8,037 43,146
Edwin A. Olson* 49,803 8,797 58, (500
Frank S. Righeimer. .36,589 4,028
PROBATE JUDGE.
Frederic R. DeYoung*47,447 10,916
Ninian H. Welch 31,878 5,021
Edgar A. Jonas 35,745 3,626
COUNTY TREASpRER.
Edwin K. Walker 32,228 6,095
Bernard W. Snow* .. .39,273 8,248
Percy B. Coffin 32,213 3,551
E. F. Rennacker 11,637 2,543
40,617
58,363
36,899
39,371
38,323
47,521
35,764
14,180
Henry C. Beitler. . .
George Hitzman . . .
Charles W. Peters*..
SHERIFF.
Chicago. Country.
.33,714 0,496
.32.173 3,937
.50,828 10,151
COUNTY CLERK.
Andrew C. Metzger. . .45,547 6,666
Charles G. Blake*. .. .44,558 10,209
Robert E. Barbee 20,780 2,999
PROBATE COURT CLERK.
Total.
40.210
36.110
60,979
John F. Devine* 37,090 6,163
George E. Nye 33,897 3,648
LeRoy Millner 30,357 6,834
William J. Fleming. .. 12,568 2,845
52.213
54,767
23,779
43,253
37,545
37,191
15,413
A-JMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
803
CRIMINAL- COURT CLERK.
Chicago. Country. Total.
Morris Eller 48,495 5,694 54,189
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OP SCHOOLS.
Chicago. Country. Total.
A. O. Coddington* 43,207 9065 52,272
William R. Parker*. .48.021 10.063 58.084
Joseph H. McCauley.. 16.412 3,324 19,736
John B. Strasburger. .39,459 4,727 44.18<>
William W. Lewton... 28,481 5,274 33,755
MEMBERS BOARD OP ASSESSORS.
Two to be nominated.
- Chicago .-
/ ^nicatro. •>
Men. Women.
Charles Krutckoff* 46,852 14,143
Thomas A. Boyer 38,594 10,225
Paul H. Wiedel 26,848 10,527
Bert J. Evans 34,510 12,729
James Rea 29,941 11,614
Charles Ring-er* 42,305 12,237
James E. McLaughlin 10,476 2,250
MEMBER BOARD OP REVIEW.
, Chicago. ^
Men. Women.
William H. Reid» 50,378 16,897
Perkins B. Bass 38,188 ' 12.097
Lewis D. Sitts 27,036 9,312
MEMBER BOARD OF REVIEW.
To fill vacancy.
, Chicago . x
Men. Women.
Charles V. Barrett* 57,533 16,355
Earl O'Neill 20,679 9,021
Andrew Ringrman 37,185 11,920
PRESIDENT COUNTY BOARD.
Chicago. Country. Total.
Country. N
Women.
1,705
543
444
500
294
1,572
Country. v
Men. Women.
6,503 545
9,922 2,038
2,997 283
, Country. ^
Men. Women.
14,580 2,007
2,669 326
4,030 256
Total.
72,249
44,483
41,529
52,528
44,563
1)4, (583
15,448
Total.
74,323
62,245
39,628
Total.
90,475
32,695
53,391
William McLaren 36,454
Charles N. Goodnow* .47,964
9,183 45,637
7,233 55,197
P. H. Moynihan 24,990
B. W. Krejti 3,792
Chicago. Country. Total.
2,024
766
27,014
4.558
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS PROM CHICAGO.
Charles N. Goodnow*.
Patrick H. Moynihan*
James H. Johnson*...
Alexander J. Johnson*
Joseph Rolnick
William McLaren*
Louis H. Mack*
George Seebacher*
Charles A. Griffin* . . .
Emil Jenisch
John R. Palandech...
Ernest M. Cross*
Paul P. Schaef er
.63,255
.40,464
.48,502
.47,458
,35.799
.49,665
.47,873
.41,377
.43.650
.32.336
.28,095
.36.802
.32,326
Ten to be nominated.
Tom Murray* 37,120
Louis P. Piquett 25,130
Charles S. Eaton 22,411
Hector Durante 18,406
Prank Sampson 28,452
C. August Youngquist . 22,366
Nicholas B. Brown 24,124
John A. Fishleigh 14.629
Peter A. Wendling- 24,314
Daniel J. Gannon 10.036
James J. McComb 24.956
John T. Nebeck 22,740
Charles S. Rasmussen.31,523
F. Bowden DeForest. . ..22,866
John B. French 26,9/33
Jacob Girtenstcm 24,486
Edwin C. Masters 24,608
Morris F. Arkush 11,030
Bohumil W. Krejti 4,491
John J. Lally 6,707
Ben Segal 8,559
Richard Parker 11,705
Daniel J. Horan 7.090
Herbert Whittaker 11,675
John B. Fergus 12,005
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE COUNTRY.
Five to be nominated.
William Busse't 14,729
George A. Miller*t 13.161
William H. MacLean*t .11.253
Dudley D. Pierson*t 10.213
Joseph Carolan*t 10,743
Martin Follrath 1,709
William J. Cameron 4,646
Henry A. Sellen 2.431
A. W. Timmerman 3,972
Albert W. Lambert 4.560
John A. Bell 3,999
Joseph J. Langer 1,613
Clarence F. Woodard 2,952
Henry A. Cotton 3,709
Samuel Harrison 2.950
Joseph Haas 3,051
Milton Beattie 1,113
Willi Fernandis 672
BAILIFF MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
William J. tfmbach* 44.272 | Peter C. Nix 31,809 I George W. Underwood.. 40,495
CLERK MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
John A. Pelka 34,913 James A. Kearns* 40,507 I William H. Wesbey 38,598
CHIEF JUSTICE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
Harry Olson't , 86,606 I H. T. Chace. Jr .'...28.755
ASSOCIATE
Earl C. Hales* 44,398
Daniel P. Trade* 57.837
Bernard P. Barasa*t. . .58.591
Robert E. Gentzel 37.258
Charles P. McKinley*..55,657
James F. Burns* 40,751
Clarence S. Piggott*. .. .39,880
Thomas J. Graydon* .. .41.470
Wm. Karr Steele* 46.489
Edward Berkson 38,170
John J. Beilman 34,813
JUDGES MUNICIPAL COURT
Ten to be nominated.
Paul A. Hazard 30,271
Benton F. Kleeman 33,123
James W. Breen 31,495
Roy S. Gaskill 28,189
George W. Ellis 36,079
George B. Holmes 33.564
William W. Maxwell. .. .34,950
Leo L. Brunhild 20.452
Michael P. Girten 21.255
Arnold Heap* 39,008
Louis Pinderski 15.224
OF CHICAGO.
I John F. Tyrrell 24.511
William N. Gemmill*t .40,841
Otto F. Ring 32,285
Stephen A. Thieda 21,463
Meyer Rossen 25,366
Hector A. Brouillet 19.950
Daniel G. Gerst 23.286
Frank Peska 20.322
Albert E. Icely 4,212'
Rolla R. Longenecker. .17.463
August F. W. Siebel....l4,354r
804
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ASSOCIATE JUDGE MUNICIPAL, COURT OF CHICAGO.
To fill vacancy.
Jrwin R. Hazen* 59.132 'Otto L. Kolar 28,649 M. E. Libonati 21.088
CONGRESSMEN FROM COOK COUNTY.
Dist.
1. Martin B. Madden* t 7,621
James A. Scott 3,514
2. James R. Mann't 21,278
3. William W. Wilson* t ..12,397
Harry E. Atwood 5.572
4. Richard S. Zalewski* 2,752
5. Louis C. Mau* 1.982
Harry Schanze. .'. 946
'6. Harvey C. Foster* 8,194
Adelbert McPherson 2,872
Fred A. Rowe 7,416
7. William H. Malone 7,259
M. A. Michaelson 10,208
Niels Juul't 11,579
:8. Max K. Kaczmarek 523
Dan Parrillo* 1,242
James Hodg-son 837
9. Fred A. Britten't 6,660
John B. Skinner 1,174
Fletcher Dobyns 2,925
10. Carl R. Chindblom* 7,847
William G. Webster 2,446
Fred C. DeLang 929
Albert W. J. Johnsen. 1.169
M. A. Whipple 2.337
Charles M. Model-well 6,607
(Lake county missing.)
STATE COMMITTEEMEN.
Dist. ^"Elected at primary,
1. Adoiph Marks* t .. 4,832
W. E. lags 1.742
J. T. Brewington, Jr 1 292
John L. Fry 1,193
2. Charles H. Sergei* 11,714
Abel Davis 7 710
George F. Fitzgerald 1,569
3. Harry A. Lewis* t 9,017
Charles E. Shearman 7,458
4. Thomas J. Finucane* t 1,740
Albert C. Heiser 1,199
Otto H. Teschner 1.165
5. William Sikyta 1,233
Herman E. Miller* 1,277
Abram J. Harris 819
6. Leland S. Rapp*t 10,590
Helmer C. Patterson 7,444
7. John P. Garner* 11,955
Emil J. Wentzlaff.. 6,427
William C. Eggert 7.273
8. Lee A. Dunne 906
William J. Anderson* 1.557
9. Fred W. Upham*. 6,667
• William A. Heuser 3,078
10. George W. Paullin*t 14.223
William J. Petry 5,726
(Lake county missing.)
DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY ELECTION IN COOK COUNTY. SEPT. 11, 1918.
Candidates
•Ward.
nominated marked with
TOTAL VOTE CAST.
Men. Women.
4,085 409
asteris1.
Total.
4,494
1,963
4,351
5,717
6,037
3,403
4,134
3,375
2.847
3,350
3.507
5.846
6,553
5,001
4,195
1 4.254
2.641
5.938
3.529
2.777
3,345
2.311
2.414
3,870
4,983
3,675
4,853
3,689
6,324
5,024
6.057
5,069
cs (*), those renominated with dagger
Ward. M?n. Women.
33 2849 1086
3 (t).
Total.
3,935
6.327
8.488
34 5064 l'263
35 5 907 g 681
o
1,472
491
1,243
1,794
1,767
661
971
758
771
612
760
1,683
1,727
1.642
928
910
664
1.113
380
614
501
474
522
919
1.200
769
742
945
1,301
1,120
2.164
1,197
3
3,108
Chicago 117 794 36 684
154,478
6,632
4
3.923
Country 6 022 '610
5
4.270
6
2,742
Total 123 816 37 °94
161,110
Total.
100.449
5.364
5.826
Total.
16,311
27.574
59,102
JBLIC
Total.
1,555
5,354
179
Total.
54,782
37.364
52.043
7...
3.163
UNITED STATES SENATOR.
Chicago. Country.
James Hamilton Lewis. 95, 524 4,925
James O. Monroe 5,061 303
8
2,617
9...
2,076
10...
.... 2.738
11
2.747
4,263
13
14
4.826
3,359
James Traynor 6,635 191
STATE TREASURER.
Chicago. Country.
15
3.267
16
3.344
17
1,977
John Downey 26,750 824
19
3,149
James J. Brady 55.888 3.214
STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PI
INSTRUCTION.
Chicago. Country.
Thomas J. Walsh 1,554 1
Fdwin Strauss 6 326 28
20
2,163
21
2.844
1.851
23
1.892
24
2.951
25
3.783
P J Simmons 169 * 10
26
2,906
CONGRESSMEN AT LARGE.
Two to be nominated.
Chicago. Country.
Michael H. Cleary 51.694 3,088
Benjamin J. Rosenthal.35,514 1,850
Wm. Elza Williams. .. .49,500 2,543
27
4.111
28
2.744
29
5,023
30
3.90|
31...
, 3.893
32
3,872
PRESIDENT SANITARY DISTRICT.
, Chicago. x , Country. „
Men. Women. Men. Women. Total.
James M. Dailey* 70.057 26,201 2,560 303 99,121
Timothy L. Connolly 20,427 4,954 682 84 26,147
TRUSTEES SANITARY DISTRICT.
Three to be nominated.
, Chicago. ^ , Country. ,,
Men. Women. Men. Women. Total.
James M. Dailey't 66,101 24.838 2.290 308 03,537
Fred D. Breit*t 40.865 18.195 1.281 213 60.554
Charles E. Reading*! 38,852 17,107 1,322 221 57,502
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
805-
Michael Mclnerney
Men
. .24.6
-Chicago. ^ , Country. *
Women. Men. Women. Total.
>3 5,956 703 62 31,364:
>7 648 268 24 5,097
)6 477 136 16 4,024
36 2,700 506 46 16,218
>7 1,603 297 30 10,087
J8 974 348 26 7,086
}9 1,115 253 36 6,773
L3 2,855 304 38 12,510
>5 463 149 10 2,877
31 4,524 808 72 22,685
)4 3,963 394 34 18,495
»1 5,064 831 83 25.629
Chicago. Country. Total.
Robert J. Murphy 1,175 69 1,244
John P Gibbons 26,485 867 27,352
Charles A Steffens
.. 4,1*
Oscar W. Billson
. . . . 3,3.
. .12,9
William Kelly
. 8,1J
. . . 5,7.
Michael H Foley
5,3'
. . . 9.3:
Charles C Hawley
2 2«f
. .17.2
...14.K
19,6£
COUNTY JUDGE.
Chicago. Country.
Thomas F. Scully* t . ..74,164 3,479
John E. Owens 27,380 1,431
Total.
77.643
28,811
2,952
72,464
29.216
68,089
89.689
67,225
3.150
1,733
906
1,319
Harry L. Nellis 608 45 653
William A Dooley 1 208 84 1 292
Julius Jafle v.. 2,787 165
PROBATE JUDGE.
Henry Horner* t 69,055 3.409
COUNTY CLERK.
Robert M. Sweitzer*t... 75,717 4.161 79,878
Richard J. McGrath.. ..20,696 851 21.547
PROBATE COURT OLERK.
Frank J. Walsh* 68.281 3.602 71.883
Roy J Barnett 19 699 964 20 663
Daniel J. O'Connor 27,876 1,340
COUNTY TREASURER.
Harry B. Gibbons* 64.908 3,181
Fred W. Blocki 28,054 1,635
SHERIFF.
Anton J. Cermak* 63,602 3,623
CRIMINAL COURT CLERK.
James M. Whalen* 63,161 3,220 66,381
James Hyland 24,958 1.276 26,233
John C. Moran 2,974 176
Matthew Meyers 1,596 137
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Edward J. Tobin*t 65.422 3,410 68,832
Charles E. Lang 20.103 1.158 81.261
Daniel J. Morrissey .... 844 62
Anton J. Cermak... . 1.258 61
MEMBERS BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
Two to be nominated.
, Chicago.
Men.
Michael K. Sheridan't 70,637
John A, Cervenka* 56,200
Martin Neimes 8.900
Edward Cohen 15,098
Joseph Pionke, Jr 15,579
MEMBER BOARD OF REVIEW.
, Chicago .-
Men. Women.
P. A. Nash* 68,759 25,740
William C. Snyder 9,379 1,750
William F. Grower 14,319 3.478
MEMBER BOARD OF REVIEW.
To fill vacancy.
, Chicago. *
Men. Women.
64,590 23,584
28,984 6,911
, Country .-
Men.
3,383
3,164
661
557
649
Women.
392
356
49
36
73
William P. Feeney*.
John J. Phelan. . .
Country. x
Men. Women.
3,124 331
657 62
648 58
, Country. v
Men. Women.
2,983 325
1,270 118
Total.
101,047
81,980
11,325
19,439
21,027
Total.
97,954
11,848
18,503
Total.
91,482
37,283
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FROM CHICAGO.
Ten to be nominated.
Peter Reinberg't 64,861
John Budinger* 43,857
Frank J. Wilson* 47,166
Albert Nowak*t 48,955
Jos. M. Fitzgerald*! ...52.077
Bartley Burg*t 47,820
Thomas Kasperski*f.... 43,387
Emmett Whealau* 43,741
Daniel Ryan*t 46,768
Robert W. McKinlay*.. .34,164
George F. Ruh 9.074
Anthony D'Andrea 13,205
Joseph E. Flanagan 15,316
Peter Bartzen 28.547
Thomas J. McMahon.... 14,926
Owen O'Malley 17,694
i James V. Merrion 5,237
John W. McNeal 7,315
James Harty 6,722
Thomas P. McGrath 12,127
William D. Scott 18,289
Thomas R. Gaspers 4,613
Richard H. Kelly 7,075
Anthony A. Polczynski. 9,512
John F. O'Connor 9.671
Joseph Blaha 8,872
Frank Griffin. 5,205
Anthony J. Alexa 9,136
Louis Lippert 3,613
James H. Veldon 1,644
Joseph C. Flaherty 9.964
John W. Wynants 2,205
John F. Higgrins 5,017
Frank Ragen 28,852
Joseph Cohen 5,466
Daniel J. Considine 5,222
Patrick Quinn 6.464
Michael J. Casey 4,417
Robert W. Figs 3,159
Gustave C. Trapp 3.254
William M. Price 3,153
Dan Sullivan 6,669
Leopold J. Arnstein 3,189
Joseph Farrell 2,727
Stanley Herold 1,457
Stanley Kwiatkowski. . . . 8,590
Patrick Flanagan 5,302
Clifford L. Evans 2 20O
Edward Gallaway 2,172
Joseph M. Coffey 12,676
Felix Gorski 10,478
Charles C. Andersen 8.171
Maurice T. Cullerton.... 14,951
M. J. O'Leary 3,993
Ernis E. Feeney 2,651
Thomas V. Carroll 3,241
Joseph G. Anderson 3,122
Arthur Leonard 2,873
John Conley 3,695
Morris Klein 4,631
James Garvey 5,918
806
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE COUNTRY.
Five to be nominated.
James G. Wolcott* 3,379
Anton Macieiewski'
2,573
Paul M. Kamradt* 2,372
John Augrushine 1,521
Frank Chyna .' 1,483
James M. Lynch* 1.896
Frank J. Wizbanski.
937
Frederick Peake 1,117
Rudolph J. Hurt 1,724
James H. Wells* 2,805
BAILIFF MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
Dennis J. Egan* 71,012 | Frank A. Drab 2,903 I Peter Rockstaler 2.499
George Kuehner 3,590 | George W. McGurn 20,144 I
CLERK MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
Frank X. Rydzewski*... 43,051
Frank D. O'Connell 17,148
Dennis A. Horan 22.091 I Charles D. O'Kane 1.406
T. Bieganowski 1,249 | John R. Horan 6.906
William H. Devitt 4,104
CHIEF JUSTICE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
Hugh J. Kearns.4 38,519 I Michael F. Sullivan*... .47,214 'Edward H. White 7,940
ASSOCIATE JUDGES MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
Ten to be nominated.
Charles A. Williams* .. .54,070
Rocco DeStefano* 46,440
John K. Prindiville*t... 58,523
Stanley S. Walkowiak* .43,481
John F. Bolton* 43,642
Harry M. Fisher* t 50,118
Joseph P. Rafterty*t.
John A. Mahoney't...
.53,966
,.57,417
Joseph S. LaBuy't 53,220
Joseph A. Weber 32,178
Edward T. Wade 36,178
John J. Rooney* 43,379
John Courtney 30,686
John A. Ulrich 15,270
Edward J. Queeny 8,847
Edmund 'J. Rice 11,406
Edward J. Carey 14,045
Henry Berber 18,096
LeRoy Hackett 21,967
John Prystalski 20,274
James C. O'Brien 28,664
James C. Martin 21,687
Henry Eckhardt 13,271
John P. Moran 22,781
James McCarthy 19,867
John R. Herren 10,414
ASSOCIATE JUDGE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO.
To fill vacancy.
Daniel J. McMahon* 64.065 I James R. Considine 26,142
Dist.
CONGRESSMEN FROM CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.
Dist.
1. Georg-e Mayer* 4.963
James T. Patterson 1,652
Thor J. Benson .-. 317
2. Leo S. LeBosky* 4,138
Louis M. Gordon 1,656
Joseph Frank ' 655
Thomas McCall 2,627
3. Fred J. Crowley* 5,917
John A. Daly 2,789
A. F. Robinson 811
James G. Skinner 713
Joseph E. Fleming- 1,140
4. John W. Rainey't 8,952
James T. McDermott : 2,097
5. A. J. Sabath't 6,366
6. James McAndrews't 15,240
7. Frank M. Padden't 8.442
J. E. Clancy 4,983
8. Thomas Gallagher* t 5,o09
Frank W. Koraleski 3,401
9. James H. Poage* 2.862
James M. P. Brennan 96o
10. Philip J. Finnegan* 4,602
Malcolm B. Sterrett 1,613
Samuel C. Herren 998
(Lake county missing.)
DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMIT-
TEEMEN.
Dist. Elected at primary.
1. John J. Coughlin*t 6.661
2. James J. Kelly 8107
3. Terence F. Moran*t 10.119
4. Michael J. Donkin*t 6,635
Joseph Janowski , .. 3207
5. Barth P. Collins't 5766
6. Stephen D. Griffin* t ll'094
7. William Kells* 8594
John P. Mason 4,'o86
8. James O'Connor* 4,235
Michael Palese 2595
9. Edmond L. Mulcahy't 3,156
Stephen Carroll 1 608
10. John P. Dougherty* 4.854
John A. McGarry 2,458
Eugene L. McGarry 1,369
PRESIDENT COUNTY BOARD.
Chicago. Country. Total. I Chicago. Country. Total.
Peter Reinberg't 51.611 2,661 54,272 ! Frank Ragen 27.580 651 28,231
Thomas P. McGrath... 8,783 582 9,365 Peter Bartzen 13.002 851 13,853
SENATORIAL, COMMITTEEMEN IN COOK COUNTY.
Elected at primaries of Sept. 11, 1918.
DEMOCRATIC.
Dist.
Dist.
1. Samuel W. Arrand.
7. McLaren Christie.
Owen J. McMahon.
John A. Stout.
James Duffey.
John Patton.
2. John C. Conlon.
9. Leo Piotrowski.
George W. Stauffer.
Emmet McGrath,
John Griffin.
John T. Fahey.
3. William Shanahan.
11. James Walsh.
Joseph Mammoser.
John J. McGuire.
Frank Downs.
Hugh Brady.
4. Richard Froelich.
13. C. A. Lundgren.
P. J. McMahon.
John J. Crane.
E. J. Kean.
John J. Daly.
5. Daniel Sullivan.
15. Charles Reese.
Joseph Honan.
Ludwig Pine.
A. J. McVady.
Frank Vanecek.
6. August Dettloff.
17. Leonard Girard.
Peter Werdell.
Edward J. Marek.
Joseph Kerz.
Matt. O'Leary.
Dist.
19. B. S. Cunningham.
David Mulrooney.
Richard P. Hickey.
21. T. L. Connolly.
Edward J. Kelly.
J. T. O'Halloran.
23. N. A. Waterloo.
A. Wiederrecht.
A. G. Lauterbach.
25. Thomas J. Kelly.
Chas. A. Reading.
REPUBLICAN.
Dist.
John Hickey.
27. Robert J. Walsh.
Walter Kwilinski.
Joseph Gorecki.
29. Patk. J. Sheehan.
Thomas Hanle.v.
William Reardon.
31. Wolfgang Mertel.
Mathias Wagner.
John J. Elliott.
1. George Parker.
Guy Bentivenga.
Louis B. Anderson.
2. Charles Davison.
Cesaire Gareau.
Theo. Echendorf.
3. John Bell.
Harold E. Tillman.
Morris Lewis,
i. Michael Whalen.
Charles Ziemer.
Jesse H. Jackson.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
807
Dist.
5. M. P. Delano.
Elmer A. Springer.
Max A. Wolf.
6. Edw. J. Bartelme.
Ferd. W. Scherer.
John J. O'Connell.
7. John C. Plagge.
John J. Holland.
John L. Beer.
9. Robert E. Rodgers.
Frank J. Otto.
Frank F. Jones.
Dist.
11. Georgre H. Wylie.
J. Chas. Hackland.
John H. Kidd.
13. Benj. A. Anderson.
Frank N. Hillis.
John R. Hill.
15. Charles Ponshe.
Matt. Kuhn.
Edward Schalk.
17. Fred C. Shaw.
Adolph Herrmann.
Dist.
Charles Heehler.
19. Hervey C. Foster.
Charles M. Hovey.
Thos. M. Hurley.
21. George Walker.
A. C. Anderson.
Edward Todd.
23. William Stocker.
M. E. Robinson.
David A. Russell.
25. Alfred E. Curtis.
Dist.
Arthur L. Hansen.
Aug-. J. Hoffman.
27. Joseph F. Murray.
A. O. Galvin.
Albert .Menkicki.
29. John R. Peterson.
Frank C. Smith.
Chas. F. Elaine.
31. Herm. L. Palmer.
Peter Seese.
Fred A. Wieland.
VOTE OF CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY AT GENERAL ELECTION, NOV. 5, 1918.
Candidates marked with asterisk (*) elected, those with dagger (t) re-elected.
TOTAL VOTE IN CHICAGO BY W
Ward. Men. Women.
1 7,425 1,393
ARDS.
Total.
8,817
14,095
16,183
9,288
10,330
20,312
22,488
12,086
12.029
6,352
7,907
12,124
17.084
12,957
13.637
6.687
4.983
12.152
4,897
5.096
11.372
6,236
10.54;;
11,223
28.981
20,720
26.646
13.119
14.471
9,987
17.210
25. 280
23,690
18.024
22.760
495.749
. 6.019:
UNIVER
?hree to I
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
For. Against.
Chicago 227389 66268
9,948 4,147
Country 32 526 4 783
3 . 10 698 5,485
4... 6.199 3,089
Total 259915 71050
5... 7.319 3,011
GOOD ROADS S60.000.000 BOND ISSUE.
Chicago . ...226.681 62.731
Country 35,416 3,183
6 13.680 6,632
7 15.209 7.279
8 8.543 3,543
9 8.614 3,415
10 4,530 1,822
11.., 5.543 2,365
Total 261.767 70,861
ANTI-PRIVATE-BANK ACT.
Chicago 164.164 24.458
Country 38.921 2.546
12 8,127 3.997
13 11,636 5,448
14... 8.583 4,374
15 9.976 3.651
16 4.828 1.859
17 3 614 1 368
Total 193,085 27.004
TRACTION ORDINANCE.
Chicago only.
Men. Women. Total.
For 145.826 63.856 209,682
18 8,972 3,180
19... 3,928 969
20 ,. 3.646 1,450
21 8.581 2.791
22 4,794 1,442
23. . . 11.471 5.071
Against 174.725 68,609 243.334
MICHIGAN AVENUE BOND ISSUED
Chicago only.
For ....205,986 80,848 286,834
24 8.267 2,956
25 19.515 9.466
26 15.068 5,652
27 20,107 6,539
28... 9,155 3,964
Against 93,131 39.549 132.680
STATE TREASURER.
J. J. Brady, Dem.. 150,235 12,645 162,880
F. E. Sterling, Rep.155,320 26.645 181,965
R. L. Harvey, Soc. 18.278 2,213 20,491
S. J. French, S. L. 1,672 111 1,783
O. L. Dayton, Pro.. 331 102 433
STATE SUPT. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
E. Strauss. Dem.. 146,319 12.091 158.410
F. G. Blair, Rep. .154,900 26,859 181.75!)
E. Pischel. Soc... 21,005 2,136 23,141
E. Horr, Soc. Lab. 1,620 109 1,729
E. G. Burritt, Pro. 391 105 496
SITY OF ILLINOIS.
>e elected.
i Chicago. / , Country. x
Men. Women. Men. Women. Total.
146,074 59,959 12.441 3.292 221,766
144.997 57.414 12,502 3,230 218.143
143.153 61,291 12,721 3,444 220,609
148,611 61,138 26.228 6,262 242.239
145.736 58,056 25,684 6.041 235.517
144.412 62,219 25,882 6,386 238,89.0
18,552 6,662 2,207 374 27,795
18,162 6,463 2,172 375 27,172
18.128 6.618 2,196 380 27,322
1.723 770 103 50 2,645
1.665 612 116 29 2,422
1.577 633 111 25 2,346
613 1,049 131 185 1,978
601 844 123 153 1.721
519 740 117 138 1.514
29... 10.779 3,692
30 .. 6,936 3,051
31... 10.776 6.434
32 17.109 8,171
33 16,933 6,758
34 13.198 4.826
35 15.645 7,110
Total 349,350 146.399
In Cicero the vote cast was: Men
women. 1,743; total. J8.762.
TRUSTEES
H
John M. Crebs. Dem
S. B. Montgomery, Dem
Mrs. Mary N. Gallery. Dem
C. A. Trimble Rep
J. M. "Herbert. Rep
Mrs. M. D. Blake, Rep
Ellen Persons, Soc
Marv O'Reilly Soc
Antoinette R. Young1, Soc
Mrs. Emma B. Denney, Soc.-fcab
Gustave Jenni g, Soc -Lab
Mrs. Gertrude Carm. Soc. -Lab. :
W M. Hamilton Pro
Carrie V. Hoff, Pro...
Chicago.
W. E. Williams. D..147.746
M. H. Cleary. D. . .148.502
Richard Yates. R.. 153,350
Wm. E. Mason, R.145,570
C. C. Brooks. S... 18.227
CONGRESSMEN AT LARGE.
Two to be elected.
Country. Total.
161.140
13.394
13.650
26.249
24.304
2.168
179.599
169.874
Chicago.
17.148
Wm. Hartness. S.L. 1,597
1.492
386
502
Frank Watts, S.
Jos. Hamrle, S. L.
C. P. Corson, P.. .
20,395. E. E. Blake. P. . .
Total.
19.221
1.706
1.595
616
666
808
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
COUNTY JUDGE.
Chicag-o. Country. Total.
T. F. Scully.'t D.. 166,195 14,047 180,242
Edw. A. Olson. R..142.302 25,330 167.632
Wm. A. Cunnea, S. 21,842 2,381 24.223
PROBATE JUDGE.
H. Horner,*t D... .178, 994 15,819 194,813
F. R. DeYoung-. R.123,827 23,252 147,079
Carl Strover. S 18,601 2,114 20,715
SHERIFF.
Ant. J. Cermak. D. 160.514 14,315 174,829
C. W. Peters,* R.. 151,911 26,001 177,912
Adolph Dreifuss, S. 17,554 2,018 19,572
COUNTY TREASURER.
H. R. Gibbons,* D.163,834 13.680 177,514
B. W. Snow, R.... 141,616 25,441 167,057
K.F.M. Sandberg-, S. 19.174 2,208 21,382
COUNTY CLERK.
Chicag-o. Country. Total.
R.M.Sweitzer,*t D. 180. 559 16.919 197,478
Chas. G. Blake. R.128,883 22,744 151,627
John M. Collins, S. 17,908 2,100 20.008
PROBATE COURT CLERK.
Frank J. Walsh. D. 154,538 13.090 167,628
J. F. Devine,* R.. 147, 842 25,518 173.360
Bernard Kortas, S. 18,825 2,208 21,033
CRIMINAL COURT CLERK.
•Jas. M. Whalen, D. 154.577 12,742 167,319
W. R. Parker,* R.145,864 25,813 171,677
Chas. Hallbeck, S. 19,287 2,205 21,492
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Ed. J. Tobin.'t D.162.195 14,866 177,061
A.O. Coddingrton. R.136,798 23,929 160.727
S.V.L.Rodriguez. S. 19.791 2.230 22,021
MEMBER BOARD OF REVIEW.
, Chicag-o .-
Men. Women.
P. A. Nash,* Dem 163,778 66,400
William H. Reid. Rep 138,942 60,222
Adolph Bayer, Soc 18,855 6,068
MEMBER BOARD OF REVIEW.
To fill vacancy.
, Chicag-o . ^
Men. Women.
William P. Feeney. Dem 146,134 60,111
Charles V. Barrett,* Rep 153,583 64,299
MEMBERS BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
Two to be elected.
, Chicag-o . s
Men. Women.
Michael K. Sheridan. *t Dem 156.420 64,256
John A. Cervenka. Dem 149.310 60,037
Charles Krutckoff,* Rep : 147,967 62,491
Charles Ringrer, Rep 144,692 60.265
Georg-e Koop, Soc 18,942 5,961
F. G. Wellman, Soc.... 17.875 5.812
PRESIDENT SANITARY DISTRICT.
, Chicagro . ^
Men. Women.
James M. Dailey, Dem 154,230 62,725
Alexander N. Todd. Rep 143,385 60,393
C. W. Shaw. Soc 18,726 6,005
TRUSTEES SANITARY DISTRICT.
Three to be elected.
/ Chica g-o.— — ,
Men. Women.
James M. Dailey. Dem 152,806 62,211
Fred D. Breit. Dem 146,120 58,519
Charles E. Reading-, Dem 145,306 58,558
William J. Healy,* Rep 150,900 63,634
Harry E. Littler,* Rep 147,085 62,037
Willis O. Nance,* Rep 149,140 62,743
Marion Wiley, Soc 18,359 5,965
C. W. Shaw. Soc 18,487 5,801
R, C. Densmore, Soc 18,151 5,600
Country. ,
Men. Women.
14,566 3,697
24,169 6,033
2.146 379
, Country. ,
Men. Women.
12.480 3,293
26,323 6.433
, Country. ,
Men. Women.
13,377 3,453
13,106 3,381
25,679 6,294
25,441 6.262
385
2,195
2.103
376
, Country. ^
Men. Women.
10,402 3,067
18.125 5,058
1.638 333
, Country. „
Men. Women.
10,434 3,015
10,048 2,924
10,036 2.945
18,620 5,207
18,511 5,153
18,795 5,229
1,630 349
1,634
1,621
Chicago.
P. Reinberg-,*t D. 165,450
C. Goodnow. R... 137.730
PRESIDENT COUNTY BOARD.
Country. Total.
15.888 181,338
23,424 161,154
Chicag-o.
John C. Flora. S.. 17,429
336
331
Country.
Total.
248,441
229.366
27,448
Total.
222,018
250,638
Total.
237,506
225.834
242.431
236.660
27,483
Total.
230,424
226,961
26,702
Total.
228,466
217,611
216,845
238,361
232,786
235,907
26,303
26,258
25,703
Total.
19,511
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FROM CHICAGO.
Peter Reinberg-,*t D... 172,196
J. M. Fitzg-erald,*t D. 150,170
Albert Nowak,*t D.. .153,221
Bartley Burg-,*t D...
Frank J. Wilson,* D.
Daniel Ryan,*t D...
John Budinger,* D..
.149,101
.150,829
.148,024
Emmett Whealan.*. D. 149,301
Thomas Kasperski, D.143.881
R. W. McKinlay,* D.152,926
Chas. N. Goodnow,* R. 154,406
Ten to be elected.
William McLaren, R.. 143,998
James H. Johnson, R.. 144,392
Louis H. Mack, R 145,196
Alex. J. Johnson, R... 138, 654
Chas. A. Griffin, R 138,420
Georg-e Seebacher, R.. 139, 253
Patk. H. Moynihan, R. 135, 218
Tom Murray. R 146.217
Ernest M. Cross. R... 138,480
Joseph M. Mason, S. . 18.927
Joseph H. Greer, S... 18,651
M. Silverman, S 18,387
Clarence W. Strom, S. 18,764
J. H. Rappaport, S 18,222
H. Groenier, S 18,322
John M. Feig-h, S 18,175
A. C. Harms. S 18,504
John C. Flora. S 18,241
Abe Basofin. S 17,797
John F. Scanlan, Ind. 253
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
809
James M Wells D.. 12858
COUNTY CO1V
Tive to be electe
Dudley D. Piers
George A. Milh
Wm. H. Maclea
Joseph Carolan
Charles Zweilly,
UNICIPAL COU
Bai
Dennis J. Egan
William J. Umt
John S. Peterso
Associate
Ten to be
B. P. Barasa.'t
Daniel P. Trude
Chas. F. McKin
William K. Stee
Earl C. Hales.
Thos. J. Graydc
Wm. M. Gemmi
James F. Burns
Clarence S. Fig
Arnold Heap,*
Associat
To fill i
124,342
[MISSIONERS.
d from country
on.*t R.26,164
;r,*t R. 26.581
n,*t R. 26,220
*t R 26 260
H. J. Moeller. S 2,187
Anton Maciejewski, D... 11, 944
Paul Kamradt D 11 984
P. Van Bodegraven, S... 2,134
Otto Wolf S 2.174
James M. Lynch, D 12.182
James G. Wolcott, D... 13,123
William Busse,*t B... 26,420
M
Chief Justice.
Michael F. Sullivan, D.138,429
Harry Olson *t B 150681
H Luensman S 2,141
S 2.171
RT OF CHICAC
iff.
* D.... 156.866
ach. B.145,749
n. S.... 19,080
Judges.
elected.
B 177.89C
,*t B.. 157,403
Ley,* B.144,62e
le, E. .139,653
R 131,423
Samuel Harrison, Ind... 98
10.
Clerk.
F. X. Rydzewski, D.... 139,871
James A. Kearns,* R.. 159,868
Andrew La fin. S 18,910
Samuel Block, S 20,564
J. K. Prindiville.'t D.I 61, 169
John A. Mahoney, D.. 142,618
Chas. A. Williams.* D. 144,218
Jos. P. Bafferty, D 141,797
Joseph S. LaBuy.'tD. 147,057
Harry M. Fisher, *t D. 140,843
Bocco de Stefano, D... 131. 828
John F. Bolton. D 129,741
S. S. Walkowiak. D.... 132,512
John J. Booney.* D 151,005
Daniel J. McMahon, D.
John La Duca. S 21,609
Bernard Berlyn, S 21,664
N. J. Christensen, S 22,594
Victor Koehler. S 22280
Benjamin Cossman, S.'. 21,353
Joseph Morris, S 21,354
>n, R. .131,31*
11. *t B.152,8ie
. R 130,785
g-ott. B.126,320
B,...'.. 147,631
e Judge.
vacancy.
Irwin R. Hazt
)B IX CHICAG
1918.
Elk Grove
H. O. Forsberg, S 22,372
J. G. Fay, S 21,263
C. Freiman. S 21,512
J. W. Lafferty, S 21,077
n* R 127,429
VOTE FOB UNITED S
Vote by Wards.
Nominees: James Hamilton L
Medill McCormick, republican;
Lloyd, socialist; John M. Fran
bor; Frank B. Vennum, prohit
Ward. Lewis. Me
1 5.194
*
TATES SENAT(
Nov. 5
ewis, democrat:
William Bross
cis. socialist la-
ition.
Cormick. Lloyd.
1,988 101
6,488 188
5,287 185
1.4S5 150
2,132 247
7,325 279
7,480 361
3,160 348-
3.338 - 930
928 286
1.592 366
1,723 428
3,674 495
3,178 295
2.879 1,588
770 189
847 96
2,582 393
763 107
558 136
3,258 388
1.582 596
5.534 938
3,026 955
10,444 553
7,169 1.415
8,136 2,033
3.010 862
3,412 561
2.262 181
4.141 466
8,467 606
7.721 1,342
3.471 1.123
4.731 1.052
O AND COOK COUNTY.
Lewis. McCormick. Lloyd.
23 233 15
Evanston
1,247 3,103 152
Hanover
46 149 18
Lemont
368 284 . 7
Leyden
233 285 49
Lyons
Maine
New Trier ....
801 1,346 68
370 1.047 78
787 2.091 134
3 4.933
4 4.349
5... . 4,668
Niles
Northfield
Norwood Park
Oak Park
196 364 45
129 268 54
100 152 35
6 , 5.857
2,007 3.895 157
8 4,743
Orland
33 148 6
105 279 16
9 3.994
Palos
78 115 11
10 3,104
1 718 2 407 416
11 3.328.
Ri vpr Fnrr °t
151 468 28
12 5,703
Rich
81 142 15
13 7.256
197 260 15
14 4,820
13 87 15
15 5.211
Stir-kYipv'
45 27 8
16 3.641
Thornton
1 281 1 703 195
17 2,496
Wlippli 11 sr
124 402 x51
18 5,819
Worth
440 941 76
20 2.839
Country towns... . 16.052 24,342 2.326
Chicago 185.162 134.541 20.237
31 4.863
23 4.818
Cook county
Frank B. Ve
go. 355: in th
Cook county o
Lab.), received
try towns, 11
1,852.
Chicao
I.
Pet. Lewis
1 14S
total. 201,214 158,883 22,563
-mum (Pro.), received in Chica-
3 country towns. 83; a total in
f 438. John F. Francis (Soc.-
in Chicago, 1.735: in the coun-
7: a total in Cook county of
o Vote by Precincts.
Pet. Lewis.McC'k.
McC'k 12 152 73
24... 3.989
25... 8.224
26... 6.181
27. . 9,491
28. . 4,961
29 6,442
30 4,280
31... 5.905
32.. 7,715
33 7.480
34 8.226
35 9.569
50 13 98 53
Total Chicag-o 185.162 134,541 20,237
22!! 63 14 HS 4JL
154 12 15... . 119 51
COUNTRY TOWNS OF C0(
Barringrton 37
)K COUNTY.
220 20
781 110
1.074 127
280 26
339 51
1.452 328.
4 212
18 16... 78 62
1"::: : 128 4 it.......: 200 34
6 .. .... 126 30 18 230 80
Bloom 921
8 . . 138 21 20 140
9 91 37 21 106 70
Calumet 338
1 fi °3<
16 22... 97 21
Cicero . , 3,110
11 I! 92 31 23:....... 139 44
810
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pet.
Lewis.5
, 160
IcC'k.
17
25
32
34
75
44
90
75
75
45'
48
55
37
34
54
34
Pet.
69...
LewisJ
38
IcC'k.
103
136
60
55
45
66
Pet.
4...
Lewis.;
. 133
MeC'k.
39
21
59
32
42
15
31
28
43
36
53
45
44
34
46
48
35
Pet.
1
VI.
Lewis.^
34
IcC'k.
57
87
104
98
70
137
86
113
167
93
80
95
71
109
107
58
80
88
118
If
75
53
60
89
75
85
68
59
58
138
64
99
72
105
60
86
105
70
75
133
68
80
76
91
121
111
78
65
83
65
79
128
149
113
40
94
54
81
78
69
85
75
53
72
74
69
88
61
84
61
71
89
79
63
103
78
52
101
61
53
81
73
92
89
72
7326
25...
. 101
70
45
5
.. 110
26
27...
96
. 143
71
73...
64
85
6
91
40
7
8
9
.. 103
.. 106
.. 115
3
4
5
41
30
35
28...
49
73...
69
39
97
74
64
31
33
34
35
36
37
39...
40
41
75
143
89
60
329
145
80
95
70
Total..
1...
•j
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
..2683
III.
86
71
58
69
49
73
. 61
49
73
6488
76
55
80
70
45
60
67
63
97
76
56
49
86
64
48
80
63
63
68
84
68
45
53
48
75
67
109
66
53
78
14
67
15
48
80
110
52
75
52
48
50
89
72
55
83
59
94
71
63
50
85
62
10
11
13
14
15
16
17 ,,.
18
19
20
21
. . 109
73
, 101
.. 107
75
103
135
113
154
74
88
.. Ill
6
7,
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
46
31
42
55
70
44
77
42
30
49
25
51
43
44
Total.
1
2
3
4
5
6...
54
71
..5194
II.
68
01
67
11
40
16
53
81
1988
47
73
50
47
103
108
103
102
63
114
87
53
74
82
60
54
105
72
55
85
84
103
108
70
48
105
72
84
133
104
107
115
97
83
78
113
83
87
70
104
73
54
83
62
79
80
117
111
95
63
105
96
84
102
121
94
114
132
112
115
78
110
88
94
77
134
134
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
23
24
25
26
27
38
29
30.,,
31
32 , ,.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53...
42
45
55
48
77
73
60
44
53
71
45
68
93
70
63
93
43
43
17
46
61
19
, 119
68
60
35
91
69
98
49
74
103
96
65
51
83
89
48
46
53
36
56
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Total.
1
o
3 ,,
4
5
6
7
8
9 ...
10 ,,.
11
12 •
13
14 ....
15
16
17
18 ,,,
19
. , 106
89
107
.. 115
118
160
143
128
82
111
136
87
.. 100
99
111
122
112
93
98
...4349
V.
92
92
73
138
111
131
129
116
97
113
94
. 130
104
61
37
86
66
113
91
30
35
36
43
36
15
35
53
67
43
48
37
33
22
37
24
27
17
55
57
1485
51
3
14
10
13
11
35
7
30
. 27
60
23
49
. 96
103
57
48
66
39
18
19
20
2°
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
89
115
98
75
97
84
97
133
66
88
76
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 .
17
18 ,
19
20
21
22 ,,
23
24
25
26
27
28
39
30
32
33 ,,
34
35
36 ,
37
30
64
14
20
30
64
35
91
78
49
36
81
59
18
18
, 30
28
37
57
52
17
19
16
8
37
32
109
32
3
.. 30
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43, ,
44
45
46
47
48
49. ...
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
69
59
37
51
54
54
94
88
100
73
93
71
99
88
94
97
96
76
60
73
49
59
51
39
41
53
46
46
61
37
57
39
40
41
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
49 ,. ,
50
51
53
53
54
55 ,
56
57
58
59 ,,
60
61
63
63
64 ,,
65
6« , .
67
68
17
42
84
74
47
15
10
18
4
14
53
10
12
37
21
34
21
7
40
16
9
55
29
29
.. 26
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
6'1
6*...
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73 ,
74
75
76
77
Total.
1...
o
3
75
, 50
91
49
50
54
48
74
54
44
63
55
54
67
97
. 109
63
67
85
100
, . 101
87
125
35
...4933
IV.
92
, 104
.. 96
85
93
87
73
93
87
65
97
55
76
92
78
85
73
93
82
36
52
53
51
54
7R
94
5287
24
38
25
20 , ,
23 ,.,.
24
25 ,,
26
27
28
29 ...
30
31
32
33
34
35 ...
36
37 ,
38
39
40
41
4°
43
44
45 .,
46 ,.
47
Total.
135
80
97
91
108
111
58
58
68
97
103
126
141
85
83
111
88
149
114
6°
.. 109
74
93
95
.. 145
87
127
.. Ill
...46(58
24
37
24
39
36
61
76
65
58
53
49
33
51
56
35
33
50
70
91
164
66
93
28
17
7
16
2132
61
62
63
64
65
66 ,
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
Total.
35
43
41
33
59
31
99
67
78
80
87
79
76
74
51
83
67
93
79
69
.. 105
77
96
100
53
40
...5857
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
811
Pet.
1....
VII.
Lewis.McC'k.
84 96
Pet.
93
94...
Lewis.McC'k.
87 120
61 SW
Pet.
26
Lewis.McC'k.
88 42
Pet.
26
Lewis.ft
110
IcC'k.
37
28
56
71
61
35
48
66
60
53
63
. . 102
95
27...
. . 110
81
85
103
73
92
77
77
88
91
72
83
64
91
113
65
80
78
83
59
78
70
74
95
69
61
104
95
100
76
75
84
101
81
74
76
40
59
98
50
37
63
62
51
53
64
55
71
97
71
48
61
64
' 74
60
95
65
83
80
62
63
72
82
85
72
72
70
70
53
52
44
49
71
56
3?
76
57
73
?5
4
0
107
126
71
87
92
95
118
149
98
56
28
81
59
33
46
37
37
52
44
22
41
67
61
77
59
30
31
59
19
42
43
83
6/
75
86
99
fifi
73
102
98
70
36
63
3338
35
21
32
40
28
77
3...
110
96
55
29...
29...
62
4....
64
97
78
30
53
30
72
6... .
85
Total
1
3
..7150
VIII.
, 49
73
90
7480
74
79
104
136
110
78
47
82
54
81
53
108
81
109
{.2
•13
17
9
38
49
47
26
2.6
66
60
53
57
48
53
29
28
117
31
32
83
7...
67
33
47
33
54
8,,,,
9
10....
75
88
45
34
35
36
63
87
.. 57
34
35
36
57
87
72
12
13,, ,
14
15,.,.
16
17,.,,
18
19....
20 , , . ,
''1
22....
23....
24,...
25 ,.
26....
27 , , . .
28 , ,
29....
30,,..
SI
32....
33 , . .
34....
35....
36 ...
37 ,
38....
39....
62
67
72
76
41
44
55
59
65
62
71
57
57
50
91
57
90
56
62
59
5tt
81
.77
49
58
69
64
60
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18...
19
20
23
24
26,,
°7
28
29
30,,
31
32
109
94
58
73
67
92
65
61
SO
,, 100
186
14.6
168
138
55
54
14
83
93
85
90
57
67
1£3
.. 152
38
39
40,
41
42
43
44.,,
45,
46
47
48
49
50
51, ,
52
53
54,,
55
50
57
58
Total
1
3
45
47
84
71
57
47
58
91
74
79
60
36
63
57
35
42
66
46
54
77
.. 100
. .3994
X'84
68
102
99
37
Total.
2
3 ,
4
5
6
7
8
9 ,,..
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
...3328
XII.
142
141
154
121
137
164
167
124
155
122
143
, 165
155
160
146
167
74
83
87
122
133
129
148
130
181
1592
14
37
35
22
OJ
2£
19
18
13
28
27
35
31
28
28
17
89
94
57
46
20
20
22
8
21
40....
41....
42....
43. ...
44 ...
45....
46....
47, ,,.
48 , ,.
49....
50 ....
51....
53....
54
55 , ...
56 ..
57 , ,
58....
59....
60 ...
61 , , , .
62
63
64....
65...,
66 ....
67 ,
68
69....
70
71
73 , , , .
74 ,,,
75
76
77....
76
94
49
72
101
93
99
102
74
107
100
70
57
92
90
78
86
91
49
69
105
100
•76
81
87
92
111
87
98
57
74
43
64
85
77
79
58
33
34,
35
36
37, ,
38
39
40,,,,
41, ,
43
44
45
46
47
48, ,
49
50
51
53..
55
56
Total
1
3
4
5 •
6
7
8
e
10
139
171
58
78
46
77
61
78
52
38
31
53
79
70
65
6O
73
71
60
59
66
80
64
64
. .4743
IX.
68
76
80
99
85
108
95
11-1
81
75
10
24
70
54
48
19
50
64
38
54
88
53
48
67
6H
77
82
55
47
60
74
3160
57
40
6b
SO
80
79
28
84
59
47
66
46
44
30
77
69
65
53
71
46
61
47
53
44
48
5
6
7
8
n
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22 ,
23
24
25
26
27
Total.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8...
9
10
98
94
66
185
80
, 102
82
74
146
108
, 128
119
116
144
159
129
109
143
, 110
167
111
150
.. 131
...3104
XI.
96
86
89
47
49
97
90
104
83
69
45
24
46
18
33
71
71
82
17
28
47
30
25
1*
19
42
40
22
14
30
35
30
12
928
30
2fl
2C
17
33
33
4C
4",
42
52
26
27
28
29
30 .
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43,
44
45
46
47...
Total
2
3
4
5
6
12
153
124
103
105
114
139
129
127
103
, 106
99
85
96
119
72
88
101
69
75
105
77
64
...5703
XIII.
89
51
100
57
55
60
119
98
69
68
77
65
45
32
55
38
37
48
44
34
69
58
39
54
44
42
36
43
35
38
38
41
31
46
1723
54
53
53
51
30
61
60
48
53
40
57
45
38
70
ol
60
50
39
46
26
30
30
37
41
78
79
80
81....
82
83
84
85
86
87
88....
89....
90 .
83
79
84
80
79
61
65
65
45
68
66
54
78
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
•19,
20
Cl
22
23:."
68
• 84
55
68
92
57
42
46
71
70
48
72
41
14
IB
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
115
113
103
104
.. 118
112
.. 135
104
129
66
.. 114
89
3(1
18
31
17
2P
??
37
49
2S
111
71
35
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
li. '.".::
78
82
79
67
63
56
71
89
72
. 104
56
67
Bl...
90
24
50
24
76
25
95
2...
67
25...
83
25...
91
26...
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pet.
27
'Lewis.McC'k.
110 42
Pet.
32
Lewis.;
115
HcC'k.
52
46
74
59
57
67
69
65
36
56
37
53
52
53
116
69
54
82
85
91
59
55
69
54
50
64
68
68
42
3178
50
31
26
29
35
17
37
18
70
41
28
26
33
44
60
31
28
31
81
67
41
64
70
81
60
100
65
46
70
43
69
58
47
49
38
43
45
34
39
28
83
Pet. '
60 ...
Lewis.]
.. 108
.IcC'k.
51
2879
14
ii
16
32
39
36
. 26
26
24
29
15
10
15
Pet.
24
Lewis.A1
9y
tcC'k.
27
32
46
48
60
56
75
66
37
37
30
56
48
60
55
56
49
35
40
68
44
40
45
49
45
43
41
47
43
24
45
42
41
56
52
31
45
28
96
35
41
42
41
64
59
57
66
57
45
34
29
40
25
28
39
29
23
21
22
20
29
42
42
48
47
43
39
35
40
42
38
31
56
19
34
49
83
78
68
43
82
69
52
67
33
30
60
49
39
37
36
28
37
33
93
Total
1
..5211
XVI.
120
25...
78
29
86
34....
98
26
97
. 102
30
87
35
. 104
« 31
82
36
74
28 ..
107
32
60
37
76
29
72
33
89
38
84
30
74
34
89
39
. 100
3
.. 120
31
79
35
36 ,..
37
38 ...
39
40
41 ...
42
43
44..,,,.
45
76
67
80
69
65
. 81
76
93
85
92
122
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49., ,
50
89
81
83
7O
64
73
40
76
76
66
64
4
5
6 ...
7
8 ,, .
9 ,,
10
11
ll>
13
14
107
106
95
111
90
ll°°
115
107
.. 107
146
83
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39.
40
41
4°
96
67
86
98
70
91
49
• -I!
60
77
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
96
85
90
99
97
110
96
101
91
91
. Ill
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Total
1
3
31
41
73
57
53
, 49
31
45
40
77
..4820
XV.
78 '
64
66
15 ,
16
17
18.,,
19
20
21
22 ,,,.
23
24
25
98
128
107
139
109
135
112
135
177
123
95
19
12
9
18
2
14
16
18
,10
10
51
44
39
36
33
31
30
35
18
~770
29
27
26
31
19
22
30
27
29
43
46
35
44
25
56
70
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
74
64
62
63
79
78
70
101
86
75
66
57 .
. 112
26...
. 104
54
106
58...
85
27
97
55
79
59...
, 100
28 :
.. 118
56
94
60
61
62.'.....
63
80
94
67
61
29
30
31
32..'...
136
108
66
61
57
58
59
60
63
53
81
83
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
72
82
98
117
90
103
76
78
76
94
91
92
120
80
119
105
90
. 126
122
95
5, ..
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14 •<
15*
16
if
19
20
21
22
23 ,,
24
75
117
67
117
71
60
44
. 83
76
59
67
65
74
. 63
88
64
76
67
60
71
33
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
83
..3641
XVII.
112
107
, 123
122
134
110
86
, 110
113
102
70
, 105
85
87
91
57
61
62
Total
1
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
57
72
...5819
XIX.
79
81
97
129
110
134
109
130
75
102
75
157
85
78
36
58
2582
27
50
10
20
16
17
8
32
14
26
34
%
15
_ Total.
1
2
3
4,
5
6
1
9
10
11
12
13
14
...7256
XIV.
99
79
122
126
104
85
83
, 91
97
95
65
119
75
78
3674
40
34
29
11
12
36
36
37
42
37
24
34r
44
31
42
78
45
t§
5o
50
73
25
26
27
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
71
85
107
58
63
72
89
113
81
124
. 101
77
81
83
83
84
. 105
1^5
17
18
19
20
21,,
23,,,
24 .
•i'otal
1
3
4
5
6
95
. . 139
76
, , 137
93
118
111
.. 108
...2496
XVIU.
96
92
73
117
59
61
55
41
36
f>4
34
28
36
34
847
88
27
51
30
25
51
33
37
20
65
39
39
33
27
34
17
36
26
15
18
33
8
15
16
17
18
19
20......
22
24
25
26
fy?
28
29
Total
1
3
82
95
119
110
101
86
117
150
135
112
84
90
81
.. 83
69
..2955
XX.
113
60
100
20
19
25
8
11
27
36
33
35
58
54
28
54
29
763
10
9
47
I
6
25
34
13
10
13
23
22
26
47
15
16
17
60
59
70
43
44
45
14JL
123
. 118
36
53
62
73
37
42
67
99
63
43
51
34
34
47
26
30
53
7
8
9
86
73
. . Ill
18
19
20
21
62
102
, 101
75
147
. . 105
46
47
48
49
50
51
85
110
87
62
72
75
11
12
13
14
15
, 147
88
111
166
. 176
4
5
6
7
8
152
. 241
. 132
196
. 108
24
26
73
,. 121
101
55
97
87
59
59
36
28
54
52
53
54
55
5f5...
96
94
. 139
. 128
97
16
17
18
19
20...
167
171
. 155
. 100
90
9
10
11
12
117
113
. 103
110
27
76
28
79
13...
. 109
29
81
57...
88
21...
96
14
121
30
65
58. .
117
22... .
145
15
145
31...
. 112
59...
113
. 182
16....
. 112
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
813
Pet.
17
18
19
20
21
23
Total
Lewis.McC'k.
107 32
121 33
127 36
130 15
137 22
94 54
..91 48
...2839 558
Pet.
19
20
*'l
22
23
24,
25
26. ,.
27
28
Lewis.McC'k.
. . . 73 46
63 39
61 46
60 43
..57 48
87 24
. . , 64 40
49 75
. . 59 70
..72 36
Pet.
1
a
4
5.,,
6
7
8
XXIV.
Lewis.
75
58
.. 63
.. 79
71
59
. . . .64
... 57
McC'k.
80
63
44
46
71
65
62
71
64
74
53
67
99
97
80
41
97
67
81
108
68
48
48
60
57
44
41
30
61
42
78
41
86
38
03
47
Pet.
35
36,,
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Lewis
54
84
76
73
52
78
57
., Ill
82
60
McC'k.
78
91
7'«i
09
97
108
109
97
78
89
95
92
14O
128
8O
111
114
106
105
115
97
108
94
77
TO
140
96
149
111
127
98
113
110
75
90
93
120
95
117
92
109
137
77
104
59
93
98
95
100
90
102
03
61
72
68
98
96
131
100
87
70
92
57
79
133
131
12f>
100
100
110
63
77
99
82
94
117
78
10444
79
138
86
68
63
98
85
47
68
51
•>
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
.. 60
83
09
73
59
85
82
88
76
M
82
72
78
73
50
71
80
56
40-
67
23
50
51
61
60
73
98
44
96
65
61
80
45
71
65
76
52
57
74
29
52
53
52
71
80
40
104
70
84
81
59,
78
61
69
61
61
53
59
45
47
36
49
40
45
40
33
. 26
30
53
30
39
44
56
48
66
60
19
37
76
50
29
30
31
32.
33
34
Total.
1
2
3
t
6
7,.,
8
9
1O
13
14
15
16..
17
18
19
60
63
.. 51
51
. . 75
.. 51
...2336
XXIII.
64
, . 68
71
81
67
53
120
64
63
67
48
57
.. 109
.. 58
.. 48
71
. 67
.. 94
36
44
53
36
47
28
1582
100
88
87
93
97
58
120
86
102
58
83
86
110
100
63
83
64
89
85
102
81
92
70
69
69
87
79
69
69
117
114
91
97
93
84
52
58
128
72
73
81
76
60
72
63
59
50
50
97
78
93
82
68
70
88
54
54
58
59
80
63
55
57
85
81
70
48
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19,
20
21,
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
3°
33
34
35...
36
54
8O
82
77
64
67
89
64
49
7*-*
81
76
71
94
70
78
75
81
93
75
' 89
, 105
70
72
., 116
86
.. 108
45
46
47
48,,
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58, ,
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
03
68
114
77
81
74
. , 85
94
80
70
75
88
... 84
71
,. 63
69
79
86
70
85
62
62
50
46
69
73
82
76
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51......
5°
53
54
82
72
67
81
71
115
93
80
•' 73"
83
95
155
. 93
85
86
71
78
74
70
96
83
113
89
. 110
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
°7
28
29...
30
31....
32
33
34
35
36
37
38.
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
51
63
. . 61
73
75
.. 56
67
84
60
39
.. 59
. . 59
52
. . 58
.. 81
73
57
. . 85
.. 62
. . 91
78
. . 58
64
63
55
73
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49 ,
50
51,
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7...
.. 119
, 100
84
68
103
69
81
60
73
91
100
1 85
74
69
...3989
XXV.
91
80
05
59
85
79
79
36
Ok!
48
39
•41
53
83
58
51
38
36
46
58
> 47
3026
108
78
97
64
79
71
09
72
83
50
64
74
76
110
10«
75
85
7 H
01
112
52
127
108
100
57
52
72
12o
11-i
112
100
Oh
110
105
73
74...,
75
76
77
78
79
80
81 ....
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97 ...
98
80
75
44
, 125
66
79
80
88
76
85
59
63
95
85
114
90
88
67
91
71
51
68
49
73
58
69
55
56
57
58
59
60
Total.
1
86
149
. 108
89
. 94
..4803
XXII.
82
36
45
66
86
36
3258
59
34
44
56
53
70
56
55
46
37
67
40
45
47
32
33
42
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
67
63
47
61
70
65
.. 72
56
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
107
57 •
55
62
83
64
95
91
99
JOO
101.-...
102
103 ....
104
105
106...
61
64
.. 57
51
100
58
59
93
55
78
16
58
107
. 101
56
05
17....
90
108
74
91
57
58.
.. 55
54
18
19
58
58
109...
45
3
58
110
78
4
44
59
78
20...
90
111 . . .
40
56
60 ...
63
21
56
Total.
2
3
4
5
. 8224
XXVI.
50
1,12
74
59
43
6...
77
61.
83
91
7. ..
66
02
05
23
66
8...
58
63
66
24
25
26
37
28
29
in
67
6(i
62
, 76
87
74
9
10
11
12
13
14...
58
71
109
69
96
79
64
65
66
67
68
09
83
76
, 55
7.5
56
78
15
16
17
18
, 85
89
79
73
70
71
Total.
72
. 100
..4818
62
74
5534
31
32
33
34
74
71
72
72
6
7
8
iS
94
54
85
84
76
814
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pet.
Lewis.!
65
IcC'k.
92
82
111
74
97
65
73
67
87
71
77
81
79
53
73
66
94
63
78
88
88
76
75
71
74
80
103
61
56
Pet.
14...
Lewis.^)
83
tcC'k.
57
107
78
71
76
78
75
68
79
74
84
73
59
69
67
73
60
64
56
77
59
83
59
107
76
102
66
70
65
100
83
78
97
76
86
88
85
109
78
105
65
77
108
69
54
92
82
82
65
37
80
93
64
41
50
70
74 ,
62
88
63
76
61
54
62
69
77
37
28
33
62
66
33
30
20
33
71
83
85
74
89
Pet.
106...
Lewis.McC'k.
63 103
Pet.
22...
Lewis.S
71
IcC'k.
47
51
58
58
36
42
38
31
62
49
56
o7
47
48
66
78
126
75
60
52
26
51
39
91
60
77
71
67
71
65
38
68
43
67
46
47
61
55
52
75
32
48
55
3412
82
87
86
47
84
79
53
16
19
17
18
43
26
10
o9
29
47
20
33
33
30
25
89
90
99
90
112
106
93
32
66
64
33
43
36
27
26
12
54
15....
66
107....
.. 85
68
88
81
23
99
13
14
75
00
17....
72
109....
75
25
82
15
58
93
19
77
Total.. 9491
XXVIH.
1... 74
2 81
3 101
4 60
5 68
6 77
7... 85
8 57
9 63
10 51
11 73
12 67
13 79
14 69
15 68
16 -61
17 ;. 55
18 131
19 69
20 121
8136
42
52
49
38
IB
54
50
62
62
63
50
59
50
51
49
53
26
43
32
26
38
13
34
40
15
20
17
no
ii
69
46
66
73
52
61
44
33
56
53
55
64
73
59
72
79
64
55
41
59
77
57
91
27
109
17
18
19
20
20.
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
" 45
71
74
66"
82
75
88
48
54
94
89
92
59
81
88
. 84
64
. 94
71
63
59
37
67
20
21
22
23
24
25 ,
26,,.,
27 ,
28
29, ..
30
31
32
33
34 ....
35
36 ..
37,,,
38
39....
40 ,
41...,
4°
, 78
74
71
82
76
85
104
118
92
95
91
81
43
47
65
65
81
81
56
64
78
65
66
28
29....
30
31
32 ,, ,
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
60
111
, 134
. 135
. , 132
. 126
73
63
159
80
57
69
132
109
98
, 114
. . 113
. . 124
. . 109
.. 83
88
. . 101
40....
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Go
66
67
68 ... ,
69
70
71
50
49
65
53
48
47
56
84
50
63
54
46
55
73
'114
90
64
65
68
84
69
58
62
83
78
62
57
' 53
38
79
82
120
102
83
72
96
94
83
62
77
71
75
77
87
78
101
89
92
74
70
91
71
62
84
82
110
116
100
120
128
99
122
65
75
74
73
66
97
78
93
100
94
71
93
69
115
7109
94
96
106
90
80
75
96
105
86
79
73
64
49
43
44
45....
46
47 ...
48
49....
50
51
52
53
54 ,
55 ,;
56
57
58 ,,,
59....
60
61 ,
62....
63
64
65
66 ,
67....
68 ,..
69....
70 ,.
71 ...
72
73
74....
95
62
61
82
66
79
76
89
116
96
79
87
76
119
110
,• 64
89
131
133
129
99
67
138
99
87
100
84
61
56
... 77
23
24
25
26
27
28 ,,,
29
30
31
32 ...
33
34 ...
35 ,.
36
37
38
39
40
11
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
106
118
98
101
132
112
133
185
86
88
74
88
71
85
62
69
92
90
78
79
57
79
86
67
90
87
.. 125
62
81
74
61
62
53
64
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62,
63
64
65
66,,,
Total.
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
68
87
75
, 140
90
97
.. 98
. . 108
90
78
98
.. 81
139
83
76
62
. 6442"
XXX.
. . 23
42
75
61
84
78
115
125
81
85
. . 104
73
74
75
76
77 ....
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
Total
1
108
99
80
71
78
93
87
96
113
107
56
(109
861
106
. 61 81
XXVII.
se
.. 7C
75 ....
76 ,
77
78 ...
79 ,
80 ..
81,...
82
83 ...
84....
85 ,
86
87,,,,
88 ,,
89 -
90
91 ,,,
92
93
94....
69
60
63
60
8ft
73
114
128
130
144
149
187
150
163
123
106
51
105
140
89
54
55
56 , ,.
57
58
59
Total
1, , ,,
3
4
5,,, ,
6
7
8
9...
10
80
74
85
96
86
64
. 4961
XXIX.
62
99
79
122
77
62
77
111
.. 122
81
66
47
58
55
65
3010
22
24
43
42
47
35
31
24
27
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
26
28
29
30
31
113
, 115
112
109
92
108
106
97
97
109
80
71
119
16
. 30
13
3
4
5, ...
6
7
8
9
10
11
12,
13...
72
76
97
,. 97
90
135
86
93
82
69
. 119
95
96
97.,..
98
99
100
101
10°
103
104
105...
51
95
65
90
64
. . . 82
74
77
67
57
94
83
98
88
117
66
69
105
79
94
90
80
11
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21...
127
115
145
110
112
68
67
73
84
83
70
42
44
26
53
39
69
32
49
35
55
33
64
35
36
37
38
30
40
41
42
83
88
94
99
93
106
131
114
. 110
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
815
Pet.
43
44,
45 ,
46
47
48
Lewis.McC'k.
97 23
110 20
129 43
111 46
106 31
.. 116 31
Pet.
4
5
6
7
8
9
Lewis.;
45
47
47
36
47
61
tfcC'k.
82
64
120
72
86
87
70
80
64
62
79
70
66
59
75
75
68
71
57
40
70
66
57
77
62
42
36
43
49
85
67
59
71
45
71
64
95
61
Pet.
96
97
98
99
100
101....
1
Lewis.McC'k
56 76
30 91
55 58
. . . . 90 64
55 83
.. 37 104
Pet.
68
69
70,,
71
72..
73
Lewis.]
... 47
... 54
41
... 65
65
56
tfcC'k.
85
82
88
65
104
91
72
62
111
63
90
59
45
70
77
63
54
78
70
97
74
64
76
87
85
77
77
52
74
64
49
Total
1 , ,..
3
4
5
6 ...
7 ,..
8
9 ...
10
.. 143
...4280
XXXI.
27
100
88
81
81
92
63
106
34
62
BV
2262
60
63
48
48
51
59
59
56
47
54
39
47
50
44
75
85
63
• 45
* 91
70
59
50
58
52
49
53
47
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
49
59
56
67
64
68
71
80
78
86
46
73
52
67
90
59
102
103.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
Total
... 49
... 20
46
40
19
.. 36
.. 31
.. 26
.. 16
.. 68
77
...7715
XXXUI.
113
99
110
101
87
87
27
100
81
32
85
90
8467
74
75
76
77
78
79....
80....
81
82
83. , ,
84
85,
86
87
88
64
73
68
., , 47
75
... 95
91
79
. 102
99
60
89
69
48
88
12
13
14 ...
15
16
17
18
19,
pi;::::
US'..';;;!
"4
46
48
64
65
54
62
65.
75 *
88
52
74
57
97
26
27
28
29
30....?..
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
64
89
84
91
79
74
96
99
72
. 101
65
63
70
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
... 103
... 80
... 70
... 93
91
74
... 64
... 50
... 73
72
. . . • 64
... 91
75
83
68
76
100
51
87
92
127
120
73
66
55
76
61
84
94
98
91
83
102
83
94
95
73
128
96
44
63
63
60
71
68
66
65
94
66
110
97
100
73
59
81
60
92
50
58
50
52
76
97
108
67
96
65
78
66
102
70
90
107
100
98
131
110
40
82
89.....
90
91
92
93
94
95
96 ,,
97
Total
1
3.
81
6]
57
60
81
82
64
... 74
...7480
XXXIV.
136
130
92
7721
53
60
30
39
57
42
41
46
61
50
39
50
50
33
39
59
6t
48
30
38
68
47
46
27
33
21
39
58
33
38
31
46
31
48
31
40
41
34
4?
60
55
29
33
40
52
58
42
83
111
24
27
70
51
25
26
27
77
82
68
39
40
41
7ii
'. 58
89
14
15
74
... 74
... 66
28
29
30
31
32
33
95
86
. . 126
. . 138
.. 101
98
119
30
47
37
34
39
°9
29
41
36
60
83
66
48
76
56
74
68
78
82
54
65
84
86
9'
43
44
45
46
47
48
42
55
46
49
40
79
92
81
85
95
82
58
89
63
53
104
70
94
110
95
91
99
94
60
52
97
73
73
67
76
60
17
18
19
20
77
63
.. 59
.. 69
66
4
5
6. .
.144
136
113
7 .
, 113
8
9
108
.. 102
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
. 110
.. 115
. 119
. 103
78
82
64
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
70
73
86
82
25
41
68
23
2,4
25
79
.. 68
67
10
11
12. .
88
134
125
13
90
26
J27
29
67
92
85
86
14
15
16
17...
145
89
74
93
43
44
45
46 ,
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
113
67
43
. 33
63
66
78
69
63
63
52
43
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
05
66
67
51
100
57
69
97
76
72
60
61
60
S»f>
80
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
75
74
.. 90
.. 79
86
83
.. 107
82
74
67
.. 63
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
**7
28
29
82
81
126
108
102
72
112
103
50
57
77
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69...
92
98
120
123
83
57
87
103
85
95
118
96
71
111
80
73
51
51
48
70
70
49
46
42
71
73
61
44
46
34
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83. .
113
72
85
102
95
110
83
79
139
98
126
90
97
80
94
93
65
74
73
I3
98
58
48
109
70
94
64
69
31
47
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
.. 147
.. 128
.. 96
85
158
104
80
.. 51
68
79
. . 157
130
114
. . 120
30
31
33
34 ,
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
4"
43
44
49
95
71
65
77
108
92
74
93
02
94
77
MS
90
. 125
70 191
71 89
72 106
73 91
74 11
Total ..5905
xxxn.
1 AA
37
51
48
55
57
4141
l\
71
34
85
86
37
38
89
90
91
13
90
81
92
74
82
93
41
So
58
77
77
62
71
44
58
68
84
72
99
77
64
96
113
93
56.
57
58
59
60
61
62...
63
64
78
51
65
. . 53
58
62
71
60
62
46
47
48
49
50
51
5 '' . . .
53
54
. . 116
196
111
113
93
108
93
149
139
. 141
3
' 62
. 46
94
95
66
67
78
69
.. 52
on
*>6
57
115
83
98
816
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Pet.
58
LewisJ
81
icC'k.
77
28
55
61
46
29
48
16
30
36
62
39
24
14
28
42
S5
75
73
i
Pet.
Lewis.McC'k.
148 39
Pet. Lewis.McC'k. Pet. Li-wis.McC'k.
73 97 41 83 105 38
59
60
61
.. 127
.. 125
83
20....
"7
2s;;;;
. . . . 127
.... 126
136
46
52
51
59
50
70
47
59
65
80
77
35
43
28
54
46
43
51
38
31
55
40
49
48
47
4o
42
43
41
41
62
57
41
fj<7
48
51
50
39
46
33
37
44
00
35
37
32
69 1
74 97 72 84 141 65
7o 106 48 85 134 40
7(5 133 2g 8Q 153 qi
62
63
64 ....
65
178
118
129
89
29....
30,,,
31
32....
. . . . 134
100
99
79
77 155 63 87 169 72
78 105 52 88 165 71
79 135 85 89 99 60
80 150 68 90 108 50
66
67
68
<>9
70
143
117
99
i o.->
107
3t.,,,
35 ,
36
37....
115
88
157
109
81 71 47 '
82 103 61 Total ..9569 4731
PRIMARY AND ELECTION CALENDAR
FOR CHICAGO IN 1919.
FOR PRIMARY— FEB. 25. 1919.
Jan. 27— First day to file with city cl^rk peti-
tions for mayor, city treasurer, city cU'rk,
alderman and municipal judge
Feb. 5— Last day to file petitions with city
clerk.
Feb. 5— Last day to withdraw petitions from
city clerk.
Feb. 4 — Registration day.
Feb. 5, 6 — Canvass of precincts.
Feb. 8 — Revision night.
FOR ELECTION— APRIL '1. 1919.
March 1 — Last day to file with county clerk
petitions for park commissioners and Supe-
rior court judge.
March 7— Last day to file independent petitions
with city clerk.
March 19— Last day to withdraw petitions
from city clerk or county clerk.
March 11 — Registration day.
March 12, 13 — Canvass of precincts.
March 15 — Revision night.
OFFICIALS TO BE ELECTED.
Mayor of Chicago.
City clerk of Chicago.
City treasurer of Chicago.
Aldermen from thirty-five wards.
Judge of Superior court.
Judge of Municipal court (to fill vacancy) .
Commissioners of small park districts.
71
118
38
90
72
73
74
. . MU6
.. 170
74
39....
40....
41
.... 110
.... 122
.... 153
75
131
42
89
76
7%>
43
.... 131
77
. . 124
45
3471
87
50
60
55
75
46
51
48
47
55
69
49
46
65
61
65
65
44....
.... 104
Total
1
.."8226
XXXV.
88
45 ,
46...
, 100
, 118
4'. ...
.... 123
48...
85
49
.... 110
•>
78
50
3
86
51
85
4
, 107
52. ..
. 101
5
73
53....
91
Q
89
54....
89
7
68
55....
94
8......
9
74
77
56...
. 108
57
126
10
82
58. .
.86
11
68
59
107
12
55
60
.... 132
13
78
61....
77
14
64
63...
80
i"2
" \04
64....
.... 115
17
127
65
.... 112 •
18
105
54
49
54
69
62
68
50
66.::.
.... 108
19
109
67
.... 146
20
87
68....
... 107
106
69....
74
22
23
24
.. 114
.. 126
.. Ill
70....
71....
72....
. 121
81
.... 144
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Salary of members, $7,500.
Chairman— Prof. Frank W. Taussig, Dem., Mass.
David J. Lewis-, Dein.. Md.
William Kent. Ind.. Cal.
Thomas W. Page, Dem.. Va.
E. P. Costigan, Prog., Col.
W. S. Culberson, Rep., Kas.
It is the duty of the commission to investigate
the administration and fiscal and industrial ef-
fects of the customs laws', the relations between
the rates of duties on raw materials and finished
or partly finished products, the effects of ad
valorem and specific duties and of compound
specific duties, all questions relative to the
arrangement of schedules and classification of
articles in the customs law, and, in general, to
investigate the operation of customs laws and
their effect upon the industries and labor of the
country. The commission has power to investi-
gate the tariff relations between the United
States and foreign countries, commercial treaties,
preferential provisions, economic alliances, the
effect of export bounties and preferential trans-
portation rates, the volume of importations com-
pared with domestic production and consump-
tion, and conditions, causes and effects relat-
ing to competition of foreign industries witn
those of the United States, including dumping,
and cost of production. The commission is re-
quired to place its information at the disposal of
the president, the committee of ways and means
of the house and the finance committee of the
senate and to make such investigations and re-
ports as may be called for by the president and
these committees.
CHICAGO BUREAU OF PUBLIC EFFICIENCY.
Organized in 1910.
Trustees— Julius Rosenwald. chairman: Alfred L.
Baker, treasurer; Onward Bates. George G.
Tunell, Walter L. Fisher, A. B. Pond, Victor
Elting, George H. Mead.
Director — Harris S. Keeler.
Headquarters— City Club building. 315 Plymouth
court.
The purposes of the organization are:
(1) To scrutinize the systems of accounting in
the eight local governments of Chicago.
(2) To examine the methods of purchasing ma-
terials and supplies and letting and executing
construction contracts in these bodies.
(3) To examine the pay rolls of these local
governing bodies with a view of determining the
efficiency of such expenditures.
To make constructive suggestions for im-
? a°d 3. and to co-operate with public officials
In the installation of these improved methods
(5) To furnish the public with exact informa-
tion regarding public revenues and expenditures
and thereby promote efficiency and economy in
the public service.
DISPLAY OF RED FLAG IN CHICAGO
BARRED.
By a vote of 62 to 2 the city council of
Chiengo passed an ordinance Dec. 2. 1918
prohibiting- the display of the red flag1, the
symbol of anarchism, in Chicago. Those who
voted against it were Aid. John C. Kennedy
and Aid. Charles V. Johnson, both socialists.
Violation of the ordinance is punishable by a
provements in the directions indicated under 1, fine of not exceeding 8200.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
817
ILLINOIS CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE CODE.
Enacted March 7. 1917.
The act, which Is officially known as "The civil
administrative code of Illinois," creates the fol-
lowing departments of state government: Fi-
nance, agriculture, labor, mines and minerals,
public works and buildings, public welfare, pub-
lic health, trade and commerce, registration and
education. Each department shall have at its
head an officer who shall be known as a direc-
tor, who shall execute the powers and discharge
the duties vested by law in his department. In
addition to the office of director the following
offices are created:
Department of Finance.
Assistant director of finance.
Administrative auditor.
Superintendent of budget.
Superintendent of department reports.
Department of Agriculture.
Assistant director of agriculture.
General manager of the state fair.
Superintendent of foods and dairies.
Superintendent of angnal industry-
Superintendent of plant industry.
Chief veterinarian.
Chief game and fish warden.
Food standard commission to consist of super-
intendent of foods and dairies and two food
standard officers.
Department of Labor.
Assistant director of labor.
Chief factory Inspector.
Superintendent of free employment offices.
Chief inspector of private employment agen-
cies.
Industrial commission to consist of five indus-
trial officers.
Department of Mines and Minerals.
Assistant director of mines and minerals.
Mining board to consist of four mining officers
and the director of the department.
Miners' examining board to consist of four
miners' examining officers.
Department of Public Works and Buildings.
Assistant director of public works and build-
ings.
Superintendent of highways.
Chief highway engineer.
Supervising architect.
Supervising engineer.
Superintendent of waterways.
Superintendent of printing.
Superintendent of purchases and supplies.
Superintendent of parks.
Department of Public Welfare.
Assistant director of public welfare.
Alienist.
Criminologist.
Fiscal supervisor.
Superintendent of charities.
Superintendent of prisons.
Superintendent of pardons and paroles.
Department of Public Health.
Assistant director of public health.
Superintendent of lodging house inspection.
Department of Trade and Commerce.
Assistant director of trade and commerce.
Superintendent of insurance.
Fire marshal.
Superintendent of standards.
Chief grain inspector.
Public utilities commission to consist of five
public utility commissioners.
Secretary of the public utilities commission.
Department of Registration and Education.
Assistant director of registration and educa-
tion.
Superintendent of registration.
Normal school board to consist of nine officers,
together with the director of the department and
the superintendent of public instnirtion.
Advisory and nonexecutive boards are created
as follows:
Department of Agriculture.
A board of fifteen agricultural advisers and a
board of nine state fair advisers, not more
than three of whom shall be appointed from
any one county.
Department of Labor.
A board of five free employment office advisers.
A board of local free employment advisers for
each free employment office composed of five
persons on each local board.
Department of Public Works.
A board of eight art advisers.
A board of five water resource advisers.
A board of five highway advisers.
A board of five parks and buildings advisers.
Department of Public Welfare.
A board of five public welfare commissioners.
Department of Public Health.
A board of five public health advisers.
Department of Registration and Education.
A board of seven natural resources and con-
servation advisers.
A board of five state museum advisers.
One food standard officer shall represent the
Illinois food manufacturing industries and the
other shall be an expert food chemist.
The fifteen agricultural advisers shall be per-
sons engaged in agricultural industries.
Of the industrial officers two shall be repre-
sentative citizens of the employing class oper-
ating under the workmen's compensation act,
two shall be representative citizens chosen from
the employes operating under the same act and
the other shall be a representative citizen not
identified with either the employing or employe
class.
Of the free employment advisers two shall be
representatives of employers, two of organized
labor and one citizen who is neither an em-
ployer nor an employe. The local employment
office advisers shall have the same qualifications
as the state free employment advisers.
The director of mines and minerals shall be a
person conversant with the theory and practice
of coal mining, but not identified with the op-
erators or miners. Two of the mine officers
shall be coal operators and two practical coal
miners.
Each of the three miners* examining officers
shall have had at least five years' practical
and continuous experience as a coal miner and
shall have been engaged as a miner in this
state continuously for twelve months next pre-
ceding his appointment.
Of the art commissioners two shall be painters,
two sculptors, two architects and two neither
painters, sculptors nor architects.
The director of public health shall be a person
licensed to practice medicine and surgery in
this state, with five years' practical experience
in Illinois and at least six years' practical ex-
perience in public health work.
The assistant director of public health shall
be a person licensed to practice medicine and
surgery in Illinois, with five years' experience
in such practice in the state and three years'
experience in public health work.
No public utility commissioner or employe
of the commission shall be connected with any
corporation or person subject to regulation by
the commission or shall be financially interested
in any such corporation.
The chief grain inspector shall be a person
who is not interested in any warehouse In the
state and who is not a member of any board of
trade.
No director nor any other officer of the de-
partment of registration and education shall be
affiliated with any college or school of medicine,
pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, optomotry, em-
balming, barbering, veterinary medicine and
surgery, architecture or structural engineering,
oitlier as teacher, officer or stockholder, nor shall
818
ALMANAC AND YEAK-BOOK FOR 1919.
he hold a license to practice any of the pro-
fessions, trades or occupations regulated.
No more than two members of the normal
school board shall be residents of any one
congressional district.
The board of natural resources and conserva-
tion shall be composed of the director of regis-
tration and education, who shall be ex-officio
chairman thereof, the president of the University
of Illinois or his representative, atad one expert
each in biology, geology, engineering, chemistry
and forestry, qualified by ten years' experience
in practicing1 or teaching their several profes-
sions.
The board of state museum advisers shall be
composed of one expert each in botany, ethnol-
ogy, zoology, manufacture and museum admin-
istration.
Each advisory and nonexecutive board shall
have the following powers and duties with re-
spect to its field of work:
1. To consider and study the entire field ; to
advise the executive officers of the department
upon their request ; to recommend on its own
initiative policies and practices, which the ex-
ecutive officers of the department shall duly
consider, and to give advice or make recom-
mendations to- the governor and the general as-
sembly.
2. To investigate the work of the department
with which it is associated, and for this pur-
pose to have access to all books, papers, docu-
ments and records belonging thereto and to re-
quire written or oral information from any
officer or employe thereof.
3. To adopt rules for its internal control and
management.
4. To hold meetings not less frequently than
quarterly.
6. To act /by a subcommittee or by a ma-
jority of the board if the rules so prescribe.
6. To keep minutes of the transactions of each
session, which shall be public records and filed
with the director of the department.
7. To give notice to the governor and to the
director of the department of the time and place
of every meeting and to permit them to be
present and to be heard upon any matter
coming before such board.
No member of any advisory and nonexecutive
board shall receive any compensation.
Each officer whose office is created by the act
shall be appointed by the governor with the
advice and consent of the senate.
Each officer whose office is created by the act,
except as otherwise specifically provided, 8hall
hold office for four years from the second Mon-
day in January next after the election of gov-
ernor and until his successor is appointed and
qualified.
Three members of the normal school board first
appointed shall hold office until the second Mon-
day in January, 1919 ; three until the second
Monday in January, 1921, and three until the
second Monday in January, 1923. Thereafter
the terms of all the members shall be six years.
Each officer is required to take the constitu-
tional oath of office and give a bond.
Each department shall maintain a central of-
fice in the capitol in Springfield, but the di-
rector, with the approval of the governor, may
maintain branch offices in other places.
All employes shall render not less than seven
and a half hours of labor a day, Saturday after-
noons, Sundays and holidays, so declared by
the negotiable instrument act, excepted.
Each employe shall be entitled to fourteen
days' leave of absence annually with full pay.
Nothing in the act shall be construed to
amend, modify or repeal the state civil service
law or to extend its application to any position
created by the act where the duties to be per-
formed do not now ejrist or are performed by
an officer or employe not in the classified civil
service of the state. Every officer and employe
in the classified civil service at the time this
act -takes effect shall be assigned to a position
in the proper department created by the act
and shall be employes in the classified civil
service of the state with the same standing or
grade as they had in the institution from which
they were transferred. This section shall not
be construed to require the retention of more
employes than are necessary.
Each director of a department shall annually
on or before D&c. I, and at such other times
as the governor may require, report in writing
to the governor on the condition, management
and financial transactions of the department.
They shall also make the semiannual and bi-
ennial reports provided by the constitution.
The directors of departments shall devise work-
ing bases for co-operation and co-ordination of
work, eliminating duplication and overlapping
of functions.
The gross amount of money received by every
department belonging to the state shall be paid
into the state treasury without delay, not later
in any event than ten days after the receipt
of the same, without any deduction whatever.
Contracts for construction work exceeding
$1,000 in value shall be let to the lowest re-
sponsible bidder. Supplies, except in emergen-
cies or in the case of perishable goods, shall
be purchased in large quantities and the con-
tracts therefor shall be let to the lowest re-
sponsible bidder. Advertisements for construc-
tion work or furnishing supplies shall be pub-
lished for at least three days, the first and last
at least ten days apart, in one or more news-
papers of general circulation in each of the
seven largest cities in the state and also in one
secular English newspaper selected by the de-
partment of public works and buildings by com-
petitive bidding and designated as the "official
newspaper," such newspaper to continue to be
the official newspaper for one year.
All supplies of fuel for the departments shall
be let by contract to the lowest responsible bid-
der and contracts shall be made subject to the
approval of the governor. The price paid for
fuel shall not exceed $12 a ton for anthracite
coal : $9 for Pennsylvania bituminous, Poca-
hontas and West Virginia smokeless and eastern
Kentucky and Ohio coals, all of the bituminous
type ; $7 for Illinois, Indiana, western Kentucky,
Missouri and Iowa coals and other types of
bituminous coals.
Rights, powers and duties transferred from
the former offices, boards, commissions, etc., to
a department created by this act shall be vested
in and exercised by that department and every
act done in the exercise of such rights, powers
and duties shall have the same legal effect
as if done by the former officer, board, com-
mission, institution or department.
Offices Abolished.
The following offices, boards, commissions,
arms and agencies of the state government here-
tofore created by law are abolished: Superin-
tendent of printing, board of live stock com-
missioners and its secretary, state veterinarian,
board of veterinary examiners, stallion registra-
tion board and its secretary, board of examiners
of horseshoers and its secretary, state inspector
of apiaries, state game and fish commission with
wardens and deputy wardens, advisory board of
managers of free employment offices, local boards
of managers of free employment offices ; general
superintendent, assistant superintendent and
clerks of free employment offices in cities of
more than 1,000,000 inhabitants; chief in-
spector and assistant inspectors of private
employment agencies ; chief state factory in-
spector, assistant chief factory inspector, phy-
sician for chief factory inspector and deputy
factory inspectors ; state board of arbitration
and conciliation and its secretary, industrial
board and its secretary, state mining board
and its chief clerk, state mine inspectors, miners'
examining commissioners, mine fire fighting and
rescue station commissions, superintendents and
assistant superintendents of mine fire fighting
and rescue stations, state highway department
and commission, chief and assistant state high-
way engineer, canal commissioners, rivers and
lakea commission, Illinois waterway commission.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
819
Illinois park commission. Fort Massac and Lin-
coln homestead trustees, state boards of ex-
aminers of architects and structural engineers
and their secretaries, state inspector and as-
sistant inspectors of masonry, public buildings
and works ; board of administration, state de-
portation agent and assistant agent, state agent
for visitation of children placed in family
homes, commissioners, wardens, deputy wardens,
chaplains, physicians of the state penitentiaries
and state reformatory ; board of prison indus-
tries, board of classification, board of pardons
and its clerk and stenographer, state board of
health and its secretary and executive officer,
board of pharmacy and its secretary, state board
of dental examiners and its secretary, state
board of nurse examiners and its secretary,
state board of optometry and its secretary,
board of barber examiners and its secretary
and treasurer, state food commissioner, assistant
state food commissioner, state analyst, chief
clerk, assistant clerk, stenographers, bacteriol-
ogist, analytical chemists and laboratory jani-
tor of the state food commissioner : food stand-
ard commission, state public utilities commis-
sion and its secretary, chief inspector of grain,
deputy grain inspectors, deputy chief inspector
of -Bruin of the East St. Louis district, ware-
house registrar, assistant warehouse registrars,
state weighmasters, registrar of grain inspec-
tion department, inspectors of automatic coup-
lers, power brakes or hand holds on railroad
locomotives, tenders, cars and similar vehicles ;
insurance superintendent, state fire marshal,
first deputy and second deputy state firo mar-
shal, chief deputy fire marshal, deputy and as-
sistant fire marshals, board of education of
Illinois, boards of trustees of normal university
and normal schools.
Powers of Finance Department.
The department of finance shall have power —
1. To prescribe the installation of a uniform
system of bookkeeping, accounting and reporting
for the several departments.
2. To prescribe forms for accounts, financial
rejwrts and statements for the several depart-
ments.
3. To supervise the accounts of the depart-
ments.
4. To examine into accuracy and legality of
the financial accounts and the use of public
property by the several departments.
5. To keep such summary and controlling ac-
counts as may be necessary to determine the
accuracy of the detail accounts from the de-
partments and to prescribe the method of cer-
tifying that funds are adequate to meet all
obligations.
6. To prescribe uniform rules governing spec-
ifications for purchases of supplies, advertise-
ments for proposals, opening of bids and making
of awards, to keep a catalogue of prices current
and to tabulate and analyze prices paid and
quantities purchased.
7. To examine accounts of private institu-
tions receiving appropriations from the general
assembly.
8. To report to the attorney-general illegal
expenditures or misappropriation of public money
or property.
9. To examine and approve or disapprove
vouchers, bills and claims of the departments.
10. To prescribe the form of receipt, voucher,
bill or claim to be filed with it bv the depart-
ments.
11. To inquire into and inspect articles and
materials furnished or work and labor performed
so as to ascertain that all requirements have
been complied with.
12. To prepare and report to the governor,
when requested, estimates of the income and
revenues of the state.
13. To prepare biennially and submit to the
governor a state budget not later than the first
day of January preceding the convening of the
general assembly.
14. To prepare bulletins of the work of the
government.
15. To formulate plans for better co-ordination
of departments.
The method of preparing the state budget is
given in detail. The governor is required to
submit the budget to the general assembly not
later than four weeks after its organization, to-
gether with an estimate of receipts and expendi-
tures.
Powers of Agricultural Department.
The department of agriculture shall have power
to exercise the rights, powers and duties vested
In—
1. Board of live stock commissioners.
2. State veterinarian.
3. Stallion registration board.
4. State inspector of apiaries.
5. State game and fish commission.
6. State food commissioner and food standard
commission.
7. State entomologist.
8. To prevent fraud in manufacture and sale
of commercial fertilizers.
9. To encourage agriculture, horticulture, live
stock industry, dairying, cheese making, poul-
try, bee keeping, forestry, fishing, wool in-
dustry and all allied industries.
10. To promote improved methods of conduct-
Ing these industries so as to increase produc-
tion and facilitate distribution.
11. To collect and distribute statistics relat-
ing to crop production and marketing and the
marketing of agricultural products.
12. To encourage tree and shrub planting and
the improvement of farm homes.
13. To manufacture and distribute to live
stock producers at cost biological products.
14. To seek means for the prevention and cure
of diseases among domestic animals.
15. To take measures for the preservation
and restoration of fish, game birds and wild
birds.
16. To be custodian of fair grounds and build-
ings and to maintain them.
17. To hold a state fair annually.
18. To adopt rules for the holding of the
state fair.
19. To police and protect the state fair grounds.
20. To assist farmers' institutes and societies
and the holding of fairs, fat stock shows and
similar exhibits.
21. To see that money appropriated for county
fairs and farmers' institutes is lawfully ap-
plied.
22. To see that live stock at stockyards,
breweries, distilleries and other places is prop-
erly cared for.
Powers of Labor Department.
The department of labor shall have power to
exercise the rights, powers and duties vested in —
1. Commissioners of labor.
2. Superintendents and advisory boards of free
employment offices.
3. Chief inspector and inspectors of private
employment agencies.
4. Chief factory inspector add deputy factory
inspectors.
5. State board of arbitration and conciliation.
6. Industrial board.
7. To promote the welfare of wage earners.
8. To improve working conditions.
9. To advance opportunities for profitable em-
ployment.
10. To collect labor statistics.
11. To collect and systematize statistical de-
tails of the manufacturing industries and com-
merce of the state.
12. To acquire and diffuse useful information
on subjects connected with labor.
13. To acquire and diffuse useful information
concerning means of promoting the material,
social, intellectual and moral prosperity of la-
boring men and women.
14. To acquire information and report upon
the general condition, so far as production is
concerned, of the leadinx industries of the state.
i 15. To acquire and diffuse information as to
' the conditions of employment.
820
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
16. To acquire and diffuse information in re-
lation to the prevention of accidents and occu-
pational diseases.
The department of labor shall exercise the
rights, powers and duties vested in the indus-
trial board under the workmen's compensation
act. That act shall be administered by the in-
dustrial commission created by this act without
any control by the director of labor. The same
commission shall administer the arbitration and
conciliation act.
Powers of Mines and Minerals Department.
The department of mines and minerals shall
have power to exercise the rights, powers and
duties vested in —
1. State mining board.
2. State mine inspectors.
3. Miners' examining commission.
4. Mine fire fighting and rescue station com-
mission, superintendents and assistant super-
intendents.
5. To acquire and diffuse information con-
cerning the nature, causes and prevention of
mine accidents.
6. To acquire and diffuse information con-
cerning improved methods, conditions and equip-
ment of mines with reference to health, safety
and conservation of mineral resources.
7. To inquire into economic conditions affect-
ing mining and related industries.
8. To promote technical efficiency of miners
by providing traveling libraries, lectures and
correspondence work.
Powers of Public Works and Buildings
Department.
The department of public works and buildings
shall have power to exercise the rights, powers
and duties vested in —
1. State highway department, state highway
commission and state highway engineer.
2. Canal commissioners.
3. Rivers and lakes commission.
4. Illinois waterway commission.
5. Illinois park commission.
6. Port Massac trustees.
7. Lincoln homestead trustees.
8. Commissioners of Lincoln monument.
9. Superintendent of printing.
10. To make contracts for and supervise tele-
phone and telegraph service for the several de-
partments.
11. To purchase and supply fuel, light, water
and other office and building services for the
departments, except where they are now sup-
plied by the secretary of state.
12. To supply all general office equipment and
supplies (other than stationery and office sup-
plies issued by the secretary of state) needed
by the several departments.
13. To procure and supply all clothing. Instru-
ments and apparatus, subsistence and provisions
for the charitable, penal and reformatory in-
stitutions.
14. To procure and supply all cots, beds, bed-
ding, general room and cell equipment, table,
kitchen and laundry equipment, agricultural im-
plements, harness, stable and garage supplies,
household supplies, periodicals, machinery and
tools, medicines and medical supplies, plumbing,
light and engine supplies, wagons and other
vehicles and workshop supplies needed by the
several departments.
15. To purchase and supply necessary tools,
machinery, supplies and materials to be used
by the state in or about constructing or main-
taining state highways.
16. To prepare general plans and estimates
for public buildings.
17. To have general supervision over the
erection of public buildings.
18. To make contracts for and supervise the
construction and repair of buildings under con-
trol of any department.
19. To prepare and suggest comprehensive
plans for the development of grounds and Imild-
ings under the control of any department.
20. To provide plans for all systems of sewer-
age, drainage and plumbing for state buildings
und grounds.
21. To erect, supervise and maintain public
monuments and memorials erected by the state,
except where the supervision and maintenance
thereof are otherwise provided by law.
22. To lease for not exceeding two years stor-
age accommodations for the departments.
23. To lease for not more than two years
unused lands under the control of any depart-
ment,' unless longer leases are expressly author-
ized by law.
24. To lease for not more than two years
office space in buildings for the use of the de-
partments.
25. To have general care and supervision of
storerooms and offices leased for the use of the
departments.
The advisory and nonexecutive boards in the
department of public works shall have the fol-
lowing functions:
The board of art advisers shall advise rela-
tive to the artistic character of state buildings,
works and monuments.
The board of water resource advisers shall
advise relative to the riparian rights of the
state and the conservation, use and develop-
ment of water resources.
The board of highway advisers shall advise
relative to the construction, improvement and
maintenance of state highways.
The board of parks and buildings advisers
shall advise relative to the construction, im-
provement and maintenance of state parks,
buildings and monuments.
Powers of Public Welfare Department.
The department of public welfare shall have
power to exercise the rights, powers and duties
vested in —
1. Board of administration.
2. State deportation agents.
3. State agent for visitation of children.
4. Commissioners and warden of state peni-
tentiary at Joliet.
5. Commissioners and warden of southern
Illinois penitentiary.
6. Board of managers and superintendent -of
Illinois state reformatory.
7. Board of prison industries.
8. Board of classification.
9. Board of pardons.
In addition to the power vested by this act
in advisory and nonexecutive boards, the board
of public welfare commissioners shall have the
power —
1. To investigate into the condition and man-
agement of the whole system of charitable, penal
and reformatory institutions of the state.
2. To investigate, when directed by the gov-
ernor, into any or all phases of the equipment,
management or policy of any state charitable,
penal or reformatory institution and report to
the governor.
3. To inquire into the equipment, manage-
ment and policies of all institutions and organi-
zations coming under the supervision of the de-
partment of public welfare.
4. To collect and publish annually statistics
relating to insanity and crime.
Powers of Public Health Department.
The department of public health shall have
power —
1. To exercise the rights, powers and duties
vested in the state board of health, except
those under the act to regulate the practice
of medicine and embalming.
2. To have general supervision of the health
and lives of the people of the state.
3. To act in an advisory capacity relative to
public water supplies, sewerage systems and
sewage treatment works.
4. To make sanitary investigations.
5. To investigate nuisances affecting life and
health in any locality in the state.
6. To maintain chemical, bacteriological and
biological laboratories and make examinations of
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
milk, water, sewage, wastes and other sub-
stances and to make diagnoses of such diseases
as may be necessary for the protection of the
people.
7. To purchase and distribute free of charge
to citizens of the state diphtheria antitoxin,
typhoid vaccine, smallpox vaccine and other
similar preparations of recognized efficiency in
the prevention and treatment of communicable
diseases.
8. To collect and preserve such information
relative to mortality, morbidity, disease and
health as may be useful in the discharge of
its duties.
9. To make investigations with respect to
causes of disease, especially epidemics, the
causes of mortality and the effect of localities
upon the public health.
10. To keep informed of the work of local
health officers and agencies in the state.
11. To inform the general public in all public
health matters.
12. To assist local health authorities in the
administration of health laws.
13. To enlist the co-operation of organizations
of physicians and other agencies for the pro-
motion of public health.
14. To make sanitary, sewage, health and
other inspections for the charitable, penal and
reformatory institutions and normal schools.
15. To inspect hospitals, sanitaria and other
institutions conducted by county, city, village
or township authorities and to report thereon.
16. To print and distribute documents, re-
ports, bulletins and other matter relating to
the prevention of diseases and to the health of
the state.
Powers of Trade and Commerce Department.
The department of trade and commerce shall
have power to exercise the rights, powers and
duties vested in —
1. State public utilities commission.
2. Insurance superintendent.
3. Chief grain inspector, warehouse registrar,
state weighmasters.
4. Inspectors of automatic couplers, brakes,
etc.
5. State fire marshal and inspectors.
6. To administer all laws relating to weights
and measures.
7. To administer all laws relating to th«
safety and purity of illuminating oils and gaso-
line.
Powers of Registration and Education
Department.
The department of registration and education
shall have the power to exercise the rights,
powers and duties vested in —
1. Board of education of the state of Illinois
and boards of trustees of state normal schools.
2. State board of veterinary examiners.
3. Board of examiners of horseshoers.
4. State board of examiners of architects.
5. State board of examiners of structural en-
gineers.
6. State board of health relating to practice
of medicine.
7. State board of health relating to embalm-
ing.
8. State board of pharmacy.
9. State board of dental examiners.
10. State board of nurse examiners.
11. State board of optometry.
12. State board of barber examiners.
13. To study the natural resources of the
state and to prepare plans for their conservation
and development.
14. To co-operate with departments having
administrative powers relating to the natural
resources of the state and with similar depart-
ments in other states and with the federal gov-
ernment.
15. To conduct a natural history survey of the
state.
16. To publish reports on the zoology and
botany of the state.
17. To maintain a state museum and to col-
lect and preserve objects of scientific and artistic
value.
18. To supply natural history specimens to
state educational institutions and public schools.
19. To investigate the entomology of the state.
20. To investigate all insects injurious to
crops, plants, live stock, trees, etc., and to
public health.
21. To experiment with methods for the pre-
vention, abatement and control of injurious in-
sects.
•22. To instruct the people in the best methods
of preventing injury by insects.
23. To publish articles on the injurious and
beneficial insects of the state.
24. To study the geological -formation of the
state with reference to its mineral and other
products.
25. To publish maps to illustrate the resources
of the state.
26. To publish bulletins on the geological and
mineral resources of the state.
27. To co-operate with the United States geo-
logical survey on the preparation of a contour
topographical survey and map.
28. To collect facts and data concerning the
water resources of the state.
29. To determine standards of purity of drink-
ing water for the various sections of the state.
30. To publish reports on the waters of the
state so that they may become better known
and more available.
31. To make analyses of samples of water from
municipal and private sources.
32. To distribute to the various educational
institutions of the state specimens, samples and
materials collected by it after the same have
served the purposes of the department.
The normal school board, of which the di-
rector of registration and education shall be
chairman and ex officio member and of which
the superintendent of public instruction shall be
ex officio a member and shall be secretary, shall
have power, independently of the officers of
the department of registration and education, to
make rules for the management of the state
normal schools, to visit them, to regulate the
courses of study and to employ officers, teach-
ing staffs and assistants and to fix their salaries.
The department of registration and education
shall, whenever the several laws regulating pro-
fessions, trades and occupations which are de-
volved upon the department for administration
so require, exercise in its name, but subject to
the provisions of the act, the following powers:
1. Conduct examinations to ascertain the qual-
ifications of applicants to exercise the profession,
trade or occupation for which an examination
is held, and pass upon the qualifications of ap-
plicants for reciprocal licenses, certificates and
authorities.
2. Prescribe rules for a fair and wholly im-
partial method of examination of candidates to
exercise the respective professions, trades and
occupations.
3. Prescribe rules defining what shall consti-
tute a school, college or university, or depart-
ment of a ..university, or other institutions, and
to determine their reputability and good stand-
ing by reference to a compliance with such rules.
4. Adopt rules establishing a uniform and
reasonable standard of maintenance, instruction
and training to be observed by all schools for
nurses.
5. Establish a standard of preliminary educa-
tion deemed requisite to admission to a school,
college or university and to require satisfactory
proof of the enforcement of such standard.
6. Conduct hearings on proceedings to revoke
or refuse renewal of licenses, certificates or
authorities of persons exercising the respective
professions, trades or occupations, and to revoke
or to refuse to renew such licenses, certificates
or authorities.
7. Formulate rules when required in any act
to be administered.
None of the above enumerated functions and
duties shall be exercised by the department of
822
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
registration and education, except upon the ac-
tion and report in writing of persons designated
by the director of the department to take such
action and to make such report for the re-
spective professions, trades and occupations, as
follows :
For the veterinary practitioners, three compe-
tent veterinary surgeons, not more than two of
whom shall be from the same college and neither
of whom shall be connected with any veter-
inary college.
For the horsesho'ers, three practical horse-
shoers and two journeymen horseshoers with at
least three 'years' experience in this state.
For the architects, five persons, one of whom
shall be member of the faculty of the University
of Illinois and the other four of whom shall be
architects living in the state and with ten
years' experience.
For the structural engineers, five persons, of
whom one shall be a professor in the civil
engineering department of the University of
Illinois and the others of whom shall be struc-
tural engineers of recognized standing, with not
less than ten years' experience.
For medical practitioners, embalmers and mid-
wives, five reputable physicians licensed to prac-
tice medicine and surgery in the state and not
connected with any medical college or institu-
tion.
For the pharmacists, five registered pharmacists
with ten years' practical experience in the dis-
pensing of physicians' prescriptions since regis-
tration.
For the dentists, five licensed practitioners of
dentistry or dental surgery, with five years' ex-
perience and not connected with or interested
in any dental school.
For the registered nurses, five registered nurses
who have been graduated at least five years
from a school for nurses and during the course
of training have served two years in a general
hospital and three of whom shall have had at
least two years' experience in educational work
among nurses.
For the optometrists, five practicing optome-
trists with at least five years' experience and not
connected with any optical school or firm.
For the barbers, three practical barbers with
five years' experience in the state.
Unless otherwise provided by law the duties
formerly exercised by the state entomologist,
state laboratory of natural history, state water
survey and the state geological survey, vested
by this act in the department of registration
and education, shall continue to be exercised at
the University of Illinois.
The board of natural resources and conserva-
tion, acting through five or more subcommittees,
each of whom shall be composed of the director
of registration and education, the president of
the University of Illinois, or his representative,
and the expert adviser specially qualified in each
of the fields of investigation, shall —
1. Consider and decfde all matters pertaining
to natural history, geology, water and water
resources, forestry and allied research, investi-
gational and scientific work.
2. Select and appoint, without reference to
the state civil service law, members of the
scientific staff, prosecuting such research, in-
vestigational and scientific work.
3. Co-operate with the University of Illinois
in the use of scientific staff and equipment.
4. Oo-operate with the various departments in
research, investigational and scientific work use-
ful in the prosecution of the work in any de-
partment.
All acts and parts of acts in conflict with
this act are repealed. (Approved March 7, 1917.)
ILLINOIS HARD ROADS PLAN.
The act passed by the state legislature and
approved by Gov. Lowden June 22, 1917, pro-
vides that a statewide system of durable
hard-surfaced roads be constructed by the state
of Illinois, as soon as practicable, upon
public highwayg of the state along described
routes, as near as may be, and that the
state (acting through its officers) is authorized
and empowered to issue and sell, and provide
for the retirement of, • bonds of the state of
Illinois to the amount of $60,000,000 for the
purpose of providing means for the payment
of the cost of the construction of the system
of roads: Provided, however, that before this
law, which authorizes such debt to be con-
tracted and levies the tax for the payment of
the principal and interest of the bonds to be
issued as an evidence of such debt, shall go
into full force and effect it shall, at the
general election in November, 1918, be submitted
to the people and receive a majority of the
votes cast for members of the general assem-
bly at such election.
The issuance, sale and retirement of the
bonds and the construction of the roads and
all work incidental thereto shall be under the
general supervision and control of the depart-
ment of public works and buildings, subject
to the approval of the governor of this state;
and that department is authorized to take
whatever steps may be necessary to cause the
bonds to be issued and sold and to cause the
roads to be constructed at the earliest possible
time, consistent with good business manage-
ment, after this act becomes fully operative.
The department of public works and buildings
shall have power to make and shall make all
final decisions affecting the work, and all the
rules and regulations it may deem necessary
for the proper management and conduct of the
work and for carrying out all of the provisions
of this act in such manner as shall be to the best
interest and advantage of the people of this
etate. The director of public works and build-
ings shall make it tbo special duty of the
superintendent of highways to see that such
provisions are so carried out in good faith. The
department of public works and buildings is
given power to purchase and supply any labor,
tools, machinery, supplies and materials needed
for the work. All contracts let for the con-
struction of the work shall be let to the
lowest responsible bidder, or bidders, and all
of the state bonds shall 'be sold to the highest
and best bidder, or bidders, by the department
of public works and buildings, on such terms
and conditions, and on open competitive bidding
after public advertisement in such manner and
for such times as may be prescribed by the
department, subject to the approval of the
department of finance.
For the purpose of carrying out the provisions
of this act the sum of $60,000,000, to be derived
,from the sale of the bonds, is appropriated to
the department of public works and buildings,
such money to be payable out of the state
bond road fund; for the purpose of raising the
sum so appropriated to carry out the pro-
visions of this act, the bonds of the state of
Illinois to an amount not exceeding $60,000.000
shall be issued and sold; the bonds shall bear
interest, payable annually, from the date of
their issue, at the rate of three and one-half
per centum per annum, unless financial condi-
tions make a different rate advisable, in which
case the department of public works and build-
ings may, with the governor's approval, issm>
part or all of said bonds at any other rate of
interest not exceeding four per centum pe-
annum; that the bonds shall 'be serial bonds and
be dated, issued and sold from time to time
as the road building work progresses and In
such amounts as may be necessary to provide
sufficient money to pay for the work and the
expenses incidental thereto: each one of the
bonds shall be made payable within twenty
years from the date of its issue. Each one of
the bonds shall be in the denomination of
$500 or some multiple thereof. The bonds shall
be deposited, until sold, with the state treas-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
823
urer; and when sold, the proceeds of the
bonds shall be paid Into the state treasury
and be kept in a separate fund which shall
be known as the state bond road fund.
Each year, after this act becomes fully
operative and until all of the bonds shall
have been retired, there shall be included in
and added to the tax levied for state purposes
a direct annual tax for such amount as shall
be necessary and sufficient to pay the interest
annually, as it shall accrue, on each and every
bond issued under the provisions of this act,
and also to pay and discharge the principal of
such bonds at par value, as such bonds respec-
tively fall due; and the respective amounts of
such direct annual tax are appropriated for
that specific purpose: Provided, however, that
moneys in the "road fund" created under the
provisions of the motor vehicle law of this
state, approved June 10, 1911, and all acts
amendatory thereof, shall first be appropriated
and used for the purpose of paying and dis-
charging annually the principal and interest on
such bonded indebtedness then due and pay-
able. The required rate of euch direct annual
tax shall be fixed each year by the officers
charged by law with fixing the rate for State
taxes on the valuation of real and personal
property in this state subject to taxation, in
accordance with the provisions of the statutes
in such cases: Provided, however, that if
money from other sources of revenue has been
appropriated and set apart for the same pur-
pose for which the direct annual tax is levied
and imposed, then the officers shall, in fixing
the rate of the direct annual tax, make proper
allowance and reduction for any such money
so appropriated and set apart from other
sources of revenue. The direct annual tax
shall be levied and imposed and such direct
annual tax shall be assessed, levied andi col-
lected in the manner prescribed by law in the
case of general state taxes, and shall be paid
into the treasury of the state by the officers
legally intrusted with the duty of collecting
and accounting for such general state -taxes:
Provided, however, that no such direct annual
tax shall be so levied for any year in which
a sufficient amount of money from other sources
of revenue has been appropriated and set apart
to pay the interest, as it shall accrue, on the
bonds for that year and also to pay and dis-
charge the principal of any of the bonds falling
due during such year.
The proposed statewide system of roads shall
be constructed in strict accordance with the
plans, specifications, estimates of cost and con-
tracts of the department -of public works and
buildings. The department shall construct upon
and along said roads durable hard-surfaced road-
ways which will remain in good condition, with
low reasonable maintenance cost, until after all
of the state bonds have matured. The hard-
surfaced parts of the roads shall be con-
structed of sufficient widths to meet the re-
quirements of the reasonably expected traffic
thereon, such widths, except in extreme cases,
to be not less than ten feet nor. more than
eighteen feet. Provided, where the contour
of the surface permits and is practicable
that in making fills, excavations and gradings
for and in construction of such hard-surfaced
roads, the surface of the earth alongside shall
be so left that vehicles may drive over same,
and such surface shall be of such grade that
vehicles can turn on or off such hard-surfaced
roads with safety and convenience. The old
bridges which form parts of the present, roads
shall, wherever such bridges are in proper
condition, be used in the proposed system.
The department of public works and buildings
shall divide the roads into convenient sections
for construction purposes', and shall make all
reasonable efforts to have the entire statewide
system of roads completed within five years
after the first construction contracts therefor
are awarded. The construction work shall, so
far as practically possible, be commenced in Hie
different sections of the state at approximately
the same time and be carried on continuously
until all work is completed.
The general location of the routes upon and along
which the proposed roads are to be constructed
shall be substantially as hereafter described, so
as to connect with each other the different com-
munities and the principal cities of the state:
Provided, however, that the department shall
have the right to make such minor changes' in
the location of the routes as may become neces-
sary in order to carry out the provisions of
thia act ; and, provided, also, that the depart-
ment shall not improve any road or part thereof
which lies within any incorporated city, town or
village in which the building of state aid roads
may be prohibited by the act of this state en-
titled, "An act to revise the law in relation
to roads and bridges," approved June 27, 1913,
and the amendments thereto. Following are the
proposed routes :
Route No. 1— Beginning in a public highway at
the southern limits of the city of Chicago and
running along such highway in a general south-
erly direction to Metropolis, affording Chicago,
Chicago Heights, Watseka, Danville, Paris. Mar-
shall, Robinson, Lawrenceville, Mount Carmel, Al-
bion, GrayviUe, Carmi, Harrisburg, Vienna,
Metropolis and the intervening communities rea-
sonable connections with each other.
Route No. 2— Beginning in a public highway
near Beloit, Wis., and running along such high-
way in a general southerly direction to Cairo,
affording Rockford, Oregon, Dixon, Mendota,
Peru, LaSalle, El Paso, Bloomington, Clinton,
Decatur, Pana, Vandalia, Centralia, Duquoin,
Carbondale, Anna, Cairo and the intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 3— Beginning in a public highway at
Morrison and running along such highway in a
general southerly direction to Chester, affording
Morrison, Prophetstown, Moline, Rock Island,
Aledo, Monmoutn, Macomb, Rushville, Beards-
town, Virginia, Ashland, Alexander (running
over Route No. 10 between Alexander and Jack-
sonville), Jacksonville. White Hall. Carrollton,
Jerseyville, Alton, East St. Louis. Waterloo,
Chester and the intervening communities reason-
able connections with each other.
Route No. 4 — Beginning at the intersection of
48th and Ogden avenues in the town of Cicero,
Cook county, and running in a general south-
westerly direction to East St. Louis, affording
Chicago, Cicero, Berwyn, Riverside, Lyons,
Joliet, Dwight, Pontiac, Bloomington, Lincoln,
Elkhart, Williamsville, Springfield, Carlinville,
Edwardsville. Granite City, East St. Louis and
the intervening communities reasonable connec-
tions with each other.
Route No. 5 — Beginning in a public highway at
the northwesterly limits of the city of Chicago
and running along such highway in a general
northwesterly direction to East Dubuque, afford-
ing Chicago, Elgin, Marengo, Rockford, Freeport,
Galena. East Dubuque and the intervening com-
munities reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 6 — Beginning in a public highway
at the westerly limits of the city of Chicago
and running along such highway in a general
westerly direction to Fulton, affording Chicago,
Wheaton, Geneva, Elburn, De Kalb, Rochelle,
Dixon, Sterling, Morrison, Fulton and the in-
tervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 7— Beginning in a public highway at
Joliet and running along such highway in a
westerly direction to East Moline, affording Jo-
liet, Morris. Ottawa, LaSalle, Peru. DePue,
Princeton, Geneseo, East Moline and the inter-
vening communities reasonable connections with
each other.
Route No. 8— Beginning in a public highway at
the Indiana state line east of Sheldon and run-
ning along such highway in a general westerly
direction to the Mississippi river opposite Bur-
lington, Iowa, affording Watseka, Chenoa, El
Paso, Eureka, Peoria, Farmington, Elmwood.
Yates City. Galesburg, Monmouth and the inter-
824
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
vcniiig communities reasonable connections with
each otliiT.
Route No. 9 — Beginning in a public highway
at the Indiana state line east of Hoopeston and
running along such highway in a general west-
erly direction to Route No. 24, on the east side
of the Illinois river between Pekin and East
Peoria, thence over Route No. 24 to Peoria,
and thence in a westerly direction to Hamilton,
affording Hoopeston, Paxton, Bloomington, Car-
lock, Goodfleld, Deer Creek, Morton, Peoria,
Canton, Prairie City, Bushnell, Macomb, Car-
thage, Hamilton and the intervening communi-
ties reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 10 — Beginning in a public highway
at the Indiana state line east of Danville and
running along such highway in a general west-
erly direction to Jacksonville, affording Dan-
ville, Urbana, Champaign, Monticello, Bement,
Decatur, Springfield, Jacksonville and the in-
tervening communities reasonable connections with
each other.
Route No. 11 — Beginning in a public highway
at the Indiana state line east of Marshall and
running along such highway in a general south-
westerly direction to East St. Louis, affording
Marshall, Greenup, Effingham, Vandalia, Green-
ville, Baden Baden, Highland, East St. Louis
and the intervening communities reasonable con-
nections with each other.
Route No. 12 — Beginning in a public highway at
the Indiana state line east of Lawrenceville and
running along such highway in a general west-
erly direction to East St. Louis, affording Law-
renceville, Olney, Flora, Salem, Carlyle, Leba-
non, East St. Louis and the intervening com-
munities reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 13— Beginning in a public highway
at Shawneetown and running along such highway
in a general westerly direction to Murphysboro,
thence in a northwesterly direction to East St.
Louis, affording Shawneetown, Harrisburg, Ma-
rion, Carbondale, Murphysboro, Pinckneyville,
Sparta, Belleville, East St. Louis and the in-
tervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 14— Beginning in a public highway
at Carmi and running along such highway in a
general w_es>terly direction to Duquoin, afford-
ing Carmi, McLeansboro, Benton, Christopher,
Duquoin and the intervening communities rea-
sonable connections with each other.
Route No. 15 — Beginning in a public highway
at Albion and running along such highway in a
general westerly direction to Belleville, afford-
ing Albion, Fairfield, Mount Vernon, Ashley,
Nashville, Okawyille, Belleville and the inter-
vening communities reasonable connections with
each other.
Route No. 16— Beginning in a public highway
at Paris and running along such highway in a
general southwesterly direction to Route 4, at
or near Staunton, affording Paris, Charleston,
Mattoon, Shelbyville, Pana, Hillsboro, LitcMield,
Mount Olive, Staunton and the intervening com-
munities reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 17 — Beginning in a public highway
at the Indiana state line east of Grant Park
and running along such highway in a general
westerly direction -to Lacon, affording Grant
Park, Momence, Kankakee, Dwight, Streator,
Eagle Church Corners, Garfield, Wenona, Custer,
Varna and Lacon and intervening communities
reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 18 — Beginning in a public highway
at the western limits of the city of Chicago and
running along such highway in a southwesterly
direction to Princeton, affording Chicago, Au-
rora, Oswego, Yorkville, Piano, Sandwich, Earl-
ville, Mendota, Princeton and the intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 19— Beginning in 'a public highway
at the westerly limits of the city of Chicago
and running along such highway in a general
northwesterly direction to Harvard, a "or ling
Chicago, Barrington, Woodstock, Harva , and
the intervening communities reasonable connec-
tions with each other.
Route Ne. 20 — Beginning in a public highway
at the west limits of the city of Waukcgan at
the end of Belvidere street and running along
such highway in a general westerly direction
to Woodstock, affording Waukegan, Grays Lake,
McHenry and Woodstock and intervening com-
munities reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 21— Beginning in a public highway
at the northerly limits of the city of Chicago
and running along such highway in a general
northwesterly direction to the Wisconsin state
line, affording Chicago, Libertyville, Antioch
and the intervening communities reasonable
connections with each other.
Route • No. 22^-Beginning in a public highway
at the Indiana state line east of Chicago
Heights and running along such highway to
Lake Forest, affording Chicago Heights, Jollet,
Aurora, Geneva, Elgin, Dundee, Carpenterville,
Barrington, Lake Forest and the intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 23-;-Beginning in a public highway
at the Wisconsin state line north of Harvard
and running along such highway in a general
southerly and southwesterly direction to
Streator, affording Harvard, Marengo, Sycamore,
DeKalb, Ottawa, Streator and the Intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 24— Beginning In a public highway
at Peoria and running along such highway in
a general southerly and southeasterly direction
to Pana, affording Peoria, Pekin, Green Valley,
Mason City. Greenview, Athens, Springfield,
Pana and the intervening communities reason-
able connections with each other.
Route No. 25 — Beginning in a public highway
at Kankakee and running along such highway
in a general southerly direction to Fairfield,
affording Kankakee. Gilman, Paxton, Cham-
paign, Tuscola, Mattoon, Efflngharn, Toliver,
Louisville, Flora, Fairfield and the intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 26 — Beginning in a public highway
at Freeport and running along such highway
in a general southerly direction to Dixon. af-
fording Freeport, Polo, Dixon and the interven-
ing communities reasonable connections with
each other.
Route No. 27 — Beginning in a public highway
at Polo and running along such highway in a
general westerly direction to Savanna, afford-
ing Polo, Mount Carroll, Savanna and the inter-
vening communities reasonable- connections with
each other.
Route No. 28 — Beginning in a public highway at
Galesburg and running along such highway In
a general northeasterly direction to Sheffield,
affording Galesburg, Kewanee, Sheffield and the
intervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 29 — Beginning in a public highway
at Peoria and running in a northerly direction
to DePue, affording Peoria, Ohillicothe. Henry,
DePue and the intervening communities reason-
able connections with each bther.
Route No. 30 — Beginning in a public highway
at Peoria and running in a northwesterly direc-
tion to Galva, affording Peoria, Princeville,
Wyoming, Galva and the intervening communi-
ties reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 31— Beginning in a public highway
at Canton and running in a southwesterly
direction to Quincy, affording Canton, Lewis-
town, Rushville, Mount Sterling, Quincy and the
intervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 32— Beginning in a public highway
at Windsor and running in a northerly direc-
tion to Cerro Gordo, affording Windsor, Sul-
livan, Lovington, Ulrich Station, Lake City,
Cerro Gordo and the intervening communities
reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 33— Beginning in a public highway
at Effingham and running to Robinson, affording
Effingham, Newton. Robinson and the Inter-
vening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 34 — Beginning in a public highway
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
825
at Harrisburg and running through Herod and
thence along the most practical route to the
road leading from Elizabethtown to Golconda
with branches into Elizabethtown and Golconda,
giving Elizabethtown and Golconda connection
with each other and each of said towns con-
nection with Harrisburg.
Route No. 35 — Beginning in a public highway
at Route No. 2 north of Cairo and extending
in an easterly direction to Mound City, afford-
ing Mounds, Mound City and the intervening
communities reasonable connections with each
other.
Route No. 36— Beginning in a public highway
at Carthage and running in a southerly and
easterly direction to Jacksonville, affording
Carthage, Bowen, Ursa, Quincy, Payson, Barry.
Pittsfield, Winchester, Jacksonville and the in-
tervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
Route No. 37— Beginning In a public highway at
Mount Vernon and extending in a southerly direc-
tion to Marion, affording Mount Vernon, Benton,
Marion and the intervening communities reason-
able connections with each other.
Route No. 38— Beginning in a public highway
at Jerseyville and running along such highway
in a westerly direction to a public highway on
the east side of the Illinois river opposite the
city of Hardin and then beginning at Hardin
and running in a northerly direction to Kamps-
ville. affording Jerseyville, Hardin, Kampsville
and the intervening communities reasonable con-
nections with each other.
Route No. 39 — Beginning in a public highway
at Champaign and running in a northwesterly
direction to Bloomington, affording Cham-
paign, Mahomet, Mansfield, Farmer City, Leroy,
Bloomington and the intervening communities
reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 40— Beginning in a public highway
on the north line of the city of Sterling and
running in a northwesterly direction to Milledge-
ville, thence to Chadwick, thence . north to
connect with Route No. 27, and beginning at
a highway on the north line of the city of Mount
Carroll and running north to Stockton.
Route No. 41 — Beginning in a public highway
at Galesburg, and connecting with Route No. 8
therein, and running thence -in a southerly direc-
tion to Abingdon, thence in a southerly direction
to Avon, thence in a southerly direction, con-
necting with Route No. 9 at or near Prairie
City, affording Galesburg, Abingdon, Avon,
Prairie City and the intervening communities
reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 42— Beginning in a public highway
at the northern limits of the city of Chicago
and running along Sheridan road in a gen-
eral northerly direction to the Wisconsin state
line, affording Chicago, Waukegan, Zion City and
the intervening communities reasonable connec-
tions with each other.
Route No. 43 — Beginning in a public highway
at Havana and running in an easterly direction
to Route No. 24 at Mason City, affording
Havana, Mason City and the intervening com-
munities reasonable connections with each other.
Route No. 43a — Beginning in a public highway
at Petersburg and running easterly to and con-
necting with Route No. 24.
Route No. 44 — Beginning in a public highway
at Joliot and running to Kankakee via Manhat-
tan and Wilton Center so as to afford the inter-
vening communities reasonable connections with
each other.
Route No. 45— Beginning in a public highway
in Route No. 17 at a point at Garfield and run-
ning due south to Dana.
Route No. 46 — Beginning in a public highway
at the easitern limits of Arlington Heights,
thence running in a southeasterly direction to
Oak Lawn, affording Arlington Heights, Mount
Prospect. DPS> Plaines, Franklin Park, River
Grove. May wood, Broadview, LaGrange Park,
LaGrange, Lyons, Summit, Oak Lawn and the in-
tervening communities reasonable connections
with each other.
If any available money from any source re-
mains in the state bond road fund after the
above described roads are completed and paid
for, the department of public works and build-
ings shall use such money to construct other
similar roads so as to extend said system in
such a way as to be of the greatest benefit to
the people of the state.
Wherever one of the above described roads
runs through or into a county over a paved road
that has been constructed by such county and
the state, jointly, or by such county alone and
accepted by the state, then the department
shall, if such paved road is of proper durable
hard-surfaced type to make it practicable to _do
so, utilize such paved road in the state-wide
system of roads1. The actual cost of the paved
road shall be determined, and an amount «f
money equivalent to the share of such cost that
was paid by such county shall be set apart and
allotted by the department to such county to be
used, at the option of such county, either in the
payment of any county bonds issued by such
county and used to improve its state aid roads,
or in the improvement of any one or more of its
improved or unimproved state aid roads, by con-
structing thereon a durable hard-surfaced road,
under the direction and to the satisfaction of
the department of public works and buildings'.
This act shall be submitted to the people of
this state at the general election to be held
on Tuesday next alter the first Monday of
November, 1918; the act shall be so submitted
on a separate ballot, which shall be in sub-
stantially the following form:
Shall an act of the general assembly of Illi-
nois, entitled "An act in relation to the con-
struction by the state of Illinois of a state-wide
system of durable hard-surfaced roads upon pub-
lic highways of the state and the provision of
means for the payment of the cost thereof by
an issue of bonds of the state of Illinois,' '
which, in substance, provides for construction
by the state, acting through its department of
public works and buildings, subject to the
governor's approval, of a state-wide system of
hard roads on routes described; for control and
.maintenance, and for conditional compensation
for roads already paved; gives such department
full power to execute act; authorizes state to
contract a debt for such purpose and to issue
$60,000,000 of serial bonds, bearing interest
annually at not to exceed 4%; appropriates said
sum to said department; levies a tax sufficient
to pay said interest annually, as it shall accrue,
and to pay off said bonds within twenty years
from issuance, but provides that such pay-
ments may be made from other sources of
revenue and requires moneys in the motor
vehicle law "road fund" to be first used for
such payments and such direct tax to be
omitted in any year in which sufficient money
from other sources of revenue has been ap-
propriated to meet such payments for such
year; provides for publication and for submis-
sion to the people ; makes the provisions for
payment of such interest and bonds irrepeal-
able; and pledges faith of state to the making
of such payments; go into full force and effect '!
The -secretary of state is authorized au«l
directed to cause publication of this act to be
made once each week, for three months at
least before the vote of the people shall be-
taken upon such act; and such publication shall
be made in at least two daily newspapers, one
of which shall be published in the city of
Springfield and one in the city of Chicago.
[The act was submitted at the election of
Nov. 5, 1918, and was approved by the voters
of the state. It is therefore a law.]
The provisions in this act for the payment of
the principal of the bonds at maturity and of
the interest thereon annually, as it shall accrue,
by a direct annual tax which has "been levied
for the purpose, or from other sources of
revenue appropriated for that purpose, shall be
irrepealalilp until such debt and interest be
paid in full, and for the making of such pay-
ment the faith of the state of Illinois is hereby
pledged.
826
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
AMERICAN EED CEOSS— CHICAGO CHAPTER.
Statistical resume of chapter activities from
the beginning- of war to Oct. 31, 1918. By
John W. Champion, executive secretary.
Production.
Knitted garments, 531,669.
Surgical dressings 9,065,912
Comfort kits: Army 19,053
Navy 47,614
Christmas packages (this does not
include 15,000 shipped in No-
vember. 1918) 40,852
Hospital supplies and garments.. 359,193
Refugee supplies 322,032
Supplies for Italian relief: Items 54,615
Resume of Production.
Total number of items... 10,440,940
Cost of materials 81,266,401.16
Estimated value $3,977.250.00
Used Clothing for Belgium Relief.
Number of items (estimated)... 456,932
Estimated value $335,000.00
Grand total of items shipped 10,897.872
Total number of carloads 126
Men canteened 500,000
Civilian Relief.
Number of families taken care of 12.886
Money expended for these fami-
lies: Financial aid $442,925.50
Cost of service given $100,025.56
Medical Service.
Value of service rendered (less
than 1% paid) $165.700.00
Number physicians volunteering. 1,760
Number of dentists volunteering. 1,248
Number of ambulance men vol-
unteering 22
Doctors (calls) 41,257
Cases hospitalized 1,396
Legal Aid Committee of Chicago Par
Association.
Number of cases handled 10,000
Speakers' Bureau.
Speaking assignments 699
Branches and Auxiliaries.
Number of active auxiliaries.
Oct. 31. 1918 570
Number of active branches, Oct.
31. 1918 30
Auxiliary and branch workers... 65,500
Bureau of Investigation.
Total number of cases investi-
gated 537
Military Relief.
Number of cases handled 1.980
687
Department of Instruction.
Total number of classes con-
ducted
Total number of students in-
structed 14,017
Nursing Service.
Total number of nurses enrolled
Number of nurses serving in
American camps
Number of nurses serving over-
seas
1.6<37
657
459
Salvage and Conservation Bureau.
Gross returns from salvage (im-
possible to estimate amount of
material saved by Chicago peo-
ple as a result of conservation
campaign promoted throughout
the chapter jurisdiction) .515. 083.52
Motor Corps.
Present enrollment, Oct. 31. 1918 156
Total number of calls 10.344
Mileage 56,900
Department of Relations to Exemption Boards.
Total number of letters distrib-
uted 13,000
Memberships.
Total number of memberships
secured by Chicago chapter to
June 15, 1918 (since June 15
no effort has been made to se-
cure renewal of annual mem-
bers) 544.823
War Fund.
Total amount secured or pledged
to second war fund $6,700,000.00
Base Hospital and Ambulance Companies.
Number of base hospitals organ-
ized and equipped 4
Personnel recruited by the chap-
ter for these hospitals 1,346
Number of hospital beds (about) 6,000
Ambulance companies organized
Men recruited and trained for
same
Total number of ambulances sup-
plied by or through the Chi-
cago chapter
Kitchen trailers
Chapter Bulletin.
Circulation of Chapter Bulletin. 10,000
Total disbursements of Chicago
chapter for all purposes 82.549.690.62
Junior Red Cross.
Membership enrollment 350.000
LAW AND ORDER LEAGUES AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS;
Anti-Cruelty Society and Refuge — President, L.
E. Meyers; secretary, H. L. Roberts, 155
West Grand avenue.
Anti-Saloon League of Illinois— 1200, 189 West
Madison street (Security building) ; super-
intendent, F. Scott McBride.
Chicago Law and Order League — President,
Arthur Burrage Farwell: secretary. Rev.
Herbert B., Gwyn, 1305, 19 South LaSalle
street.
Chicago Penny Savings Society— 538, 608
South Dearborn street; president, William
C. Hollister; secretary. Orris J. Milliken.
Citizens' Association — 1417. 11 South LaSalle
street; president, Moses E. Greenebaum; sec-
retary, S. M. Singleton.
Citizens' League of Chicago for the Suppres-
sion of the Sale of Liquor to Minors and
Drunkards — 428, 155 North Clark street;
president, Richmond Dean; secretary, Wil-
liam C. Hollister; superintendent, Henry
King Grose.
Englewood Law and Order League — 6504 Har-
vard avenue; attorney, John H. Lyle.
Garfield Park Protective Association — Presi-
dent, E. Worthing: secretary, William Wal-
ters, 4147 West Congress street.
Hyde Park Protective Association — Secretary,
Arthur Burrage Farwell, 1305, 19 South
LaSalle street.
Illinois Humane Society — 1145 South Wabash
avenue; president, John L. Shortall; secre-
tary, George A. H. Scott.
CHICAGO STREET GRADES.
The grade of the streets In the central portion
of Chicago has been raised three times. In
185i> it was raised from 2% to 3 feet above the
then existlne surface, and it was again raised
by about the same amount in 1857 and 1872.
making the present level fourteen feet above
"city datum." which is the low-water mark of
th<* lake in 1847.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
827
FIRE DEPARTMENT STATIONS.
FIRE ENGINE COMPANIES.
General headquarters, city hall.
No. Location.
No. Location.
No. Location.
No. Location.
1. 333 S. WeUs-st.
44. 3138 W. Lake street.
87. 8701 Escanaba-av.
2. 640 W. Washington-st.
2. 2421 Lowe avenue.
45. 4602 Cottage Grove.
88. 3500 W. 60th street.
3. 158 West Erie street.
3. 855 West Erie street.
46. 9321-23 S. Chicago-av.
89. 4456 N. Knox avenue.
4. 214 West 22d street.
4. l244N.Halsted street.
47. 7541 Dobson avenue.
90. 1016 W. Division-st.
5. 1125 West 12th street
6. 328S. Jefferson street.
48. 4005 Dearborn street.
91. SOOOElbridge avenue.
6. 117 N. Franklin-st.
6. 535 Maxwell street.
49. 1642 W. 47th street.
92. Fullerton-av. bridge.
7. 455 N. Lincoln street.
7. 636 Blue Islaud-av.
50. 4649 Wentworth-av.
93. 331 South Wells-st.
8. 2865 S. Loomis street.
8. 1931 Archer avenue.
51. 6345 Wentworth-av.
94. 326 S. Jefferson-st.
9. 61 E. South Water-st.
9. 2527 Cottage Grove-av.
52. 4714 S. Elizabeth-st.
95. 4000 Wilcox street.
10. 1613 Hudson avenue.
10. 733 S. LaSalle-st.
53. 40th and Packers-av.
96. 439 N. Waller-av.
11. 9 East 36th place.
11. 10 E. Austin avenue.
54. 8023 Eberhart-av.
97. 13359 Superior-av.
12. 2256 W. 13th street.
12. 1641 W. Lake street.
55. 2740 Sheffield avenue.
98. 202 E. Chicago-av.
13. 2756 N. Fairfield-av.
13. 209 N. Dearbom-st.
56. 2214 Barry avenue.
99. 3042 S. Kedvale-av.
14. 918-West 19th street.
14. 509 W. Chicago-av.
57. 2412 Haddon avenue.
100. 6843 Rosalie-av.
15. 4600 Cottage Grove.
15. 1154 W. 22d street.
58. 92d street bridge.
101. 6900 Justine street.
16. 1405 East 62d place.
16. 23 West 31st street.
59. 826 Exchange avenue.
102. 7077 N. Clark street.
17. 9323 S. Chicago-av.
17. 558 W. Lake street.
60. 1315 E. 55th street.
103. 1459 W. Harrison-st.
18. 4738 Halsted street.
18. 1123 W. 12th street.
61. 5300 Wentworth-av.
104. 1401 Michisan-av.
19. 1129 W. Chicago-av.
19. 3444 Rhodes avenue.
62. 34 E. 114th street.
105. 2337 W. Erie street.
20. 446 West 69th street.
20. 1318 Rawson street.
63. 6328-30 Maryland-av.
106. 2754 N. Fairfield-av.
21. 1529Belmont avenue.
21. 14 W. Taylor street.
64. 6244 Laflin street.
107. 2258 W. 13th street.
22. 2545 Foster avenue.
22. 520 Webster avenue.
65. 2714 W. 39th street.
108. 4835 Lipps avenue.
23. 4837 Lipps avenue.
23. 1702 West 21st place.
66. 2856 Fillmore street.
109. 2358 S. Whipple-st.
24. 10400 Vincennes road.
24. 2447 Warren avenue.
67. 4666 Fulton street.
110. 2230 Foster avenue.
25. 7077 N. Clark-st.
25. 1975 Canalport-av.
68. 1642 N. Kostner-av.
111. 1701 North Washte-
26. 4002 Wilcox street.
26. 451 N. Lincoln street.
69. 4017 N. Tripp-av.
naw avenue.
27. 30 East 114th street.
27. 1244 N. Wells-st.
70. 2100 Eastwood-av.
112. 1732 Bvron street.
28. 1621 N. Robey street.
28. 2867 Loomis street.
71. Weed-st. bridge (fire-
113. 4658 LexinKton-st.
29. 441 N. Waller avenue.
29. 740 West 35th street.
boat Chicago).
114. 3542 Fullerton-av.
30. 6017 S. State street.
30. 1125 N. Ashland-av.
72. 7914 Burnham-av.
115. 11940 S. Peoria-st.
31. 1401 Michigan-av.
31. 2012 W. Congress-st.
73. 8630 Emerald avenue.
116. 5929 S. Wood street.
32. 2360 S. Whipple-st.
32. 59 E. South Water-St.
74 10615 Ewing avenue.
117. 816 N. Laramie-av.
33. 4457 Marshfleld-av.
33. 2208 ClybOHrn-av.
34. 114 N. Curtis street.
35. 1625 N.Robey street.
75.' 12054-56 Wallace-st.
76. 3519 Cortland street.
77. 1224 S. Kaskaskia-av.
118. 13401 Indiana-av.
119. 6030 Avondale-av.
120. 11035 Homewood-av.
34. 1024 East 73d street.
FIRE INSURANCE
PATROLS.
36. 2346 W. 25th street.
37. Foot of N. Franklin
street ( flreboat
Graeme Stewart) .
is'. 1052 Waveland-av.
79. 5358 N. Ashland-av.
80. 623 East 108th street.
81. 10458 Hoxie avenue.
121. 95th and Charles.
122. 6856 Indiina-av.
123. 5218 S. Western-av.
124. 44 N. Kedzie-av.
No. Location.
1. 179 W. Monroe street.
2. Ill South Green-st.
3. 15 West 23<1 street.
38. 2246 S. Ridgewav-av.
82! 761 East 95th street.
125. 2329 N. Natchez-av.
4. Union stockyards.
39. 1618 West 33d place.
40. 119 N. Franklin-st.
83. 1219 Lafayette place.
84. 5721 S. Halsted-st.
HOOK AND LADDER
COMPANIES.
5. 221 Whiting street.
6. 334 S. Hovne avenue.
41. Throop street bridge.
85. 3700 W. Huron-st.
No. Location.
7. 1628 W. Division-st.
42. 230 W. Illinois-st.
86. 2414 Cuyler avenue.
1. 218 Lomax place.
8. 324 N. Michigan-av.
43. 2183 Stave street.
KATES OF FARE FOR TAXICABS.
Fixed by Chicago city ordinances. Sight-seeing
cars and autobuses having a capacity of eight
persons or more not included.
/. Bates by Distance.
For first half-mile (or fraction thereof)
for one person 40 cents
For each succeeding quarter-mile (or
fraction thereof) 10 cents
For each additional person for the whole
journey 25 cents
For each four minutes of waiting (or
fraction thereof) 10 cents
Waiting time shall include (a) the time during
which the taxicab is not in motion, beginning
ten minutes after call time at the place to which
it has been called ; (b) the time consumed by
unavoidable delay at street crossings or bridges,
and (c) the time consumed while standing at the
direction of the passenger.
No charge shall be made (a) for time lost for
inefficiency of the taxicab or its operator, or
(b) for time consumed by the premature arrival
in response to a call.
II. Hour Rates.
For trip of two miles or more.
Car seating two persons, $2.50 ; minimum charge
for trip, $1.
Seating three to five persons, $3.50; minimum
charge for trip, $1.50.
Seating more than five persons, $4.50; minimum
charge for trip, $2.
Where the trip is for two miles or more and
the passenger at the time of hiring any such
vehicle expressly elects, as such passenger may
do, to pay therefor by the hour, the operator
in charge of such vehicle shall supply the pas-
senger with a card upon which shall appear the
name of the owner, the name and license number
of the operator and the exact time of the hiring,
and the charge for such service, in the absence
of such express agreement, shall not exceed the
rates prescribed above as the "hour rate."
The rate of fare to be asked or demanded for
such vehicles shall be determined in accordance
with the time in which the vehicle is in use by
the passenger or passengers engaging the same.
In determining the seating capacity of any such
vehicle neither the operator's seat nor any portion
thereof shall be computed, but the said capacity
shall be determined by the number of persons
which can be accommodated in the interior or
tonneau of such vehicle.
No charge shall be made for the time con-
sumed in responding to a call or in returning to
the place from which such vehicle is called.
Baggage — Every passenger upon any public auto-
mobile, autocar or other similar vehicle shall be
allowed to have conveyed with him upon such
vehicle, without extra charge therefor, his ordi-
nary light traveling baggage in an amount not
to exceed fifty pounds. A fee of 20 cents may be
charged for conveying a trunk.
Lost Baggager-Whenever any package, article of
baggage or goods of any kind shall be left in or
upon any vehicle licensed under the provisions
of this article, the operator of such vehicle shall,
upon discovery of such package, baggage or
goods, forthwith deliver the same to the vehicle
bureau, department of police, in the city hall.
828
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
UNITED CHARITIES OF CHICAGO.
168 North Michigan avenue.
Statistical Department —.Miss Elizabeth B.
Hughes.
STATISTICS. 1917-1918.
Families Dealt With..
New (families asking- aid from us for
the first time) 4.718
Old (i. e.. known to U. C. in other
years) 6.951
Families under care with plans lor re-
habilitation 7 507
OFFICERS.
President— Charles W. Folds.
First Vice-President—Julius Rosenwald.
Second Vice-President—Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen.
Secretary — Charles A. Munroe.
Treasurer— David R. Forgan.
Acting General Superintendent — Wilfred S.
Reynolds.
Directors Representing the Community at
Large.
Mrs. Emmons Elaine. William McCormick Blair,
Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen, Walter S. Brewster,
Wm. H. Bush, Marquis Eaton, Howard Elt-
ing, Charles W. Folds, David R. Forgan, L.
A. Goddard, N. B. Higbie, Mrs. James L.
Houghteling, Otis McG. Howard, George T.
Kelly, Nathan W. MacChesney, B. H. Mar-
shall, L. Wilbur Messer, Charles A. Munroe,
Potter Palmer, Jr.. Herbert F. Perkins, Julius
Rosenwald. Howard Van D. Shaw. Harry A.
Wheeler. Harold F. White.
Directors Representing the Districts.
Thomas Allinson, the Rev. Floyd I. Beckwith,
Mrs. Ralph Bourne, Miss Naomi Donnelley,
, Mrs. William Hubbard, Judge Edmund Ja-
recki, the Rev. Fred A. Moore, Angus Roy
Shannon, Mrs. A. J. Sittig, Mrs. Dunlap
Smith.
Executive Staff, 1917-1918.
Acting General Superintendent — W. S. Rey-
nolds.
Financial Secretary— Bernard C. Roloff.
Director, Intercity Inquiries — Miss Lulu Parks.
Cashier— Miss Bess G. Davies.
Registrar. Registration Bureau — Miss Helen
M. Crittenden.
Families counseled with or reported on
but not needing treatment 4.163
Total different families 11,669
Number of persons in total families. ..52,011
Employment Secured.
Temporary, odd or day jobs, times 536
Employment that should be regular,
instances
Relief work devised and paid for by
U. C., as a substitute for direct re-
lief (number of persons) 720
Legal Aid Secured for Families.
Police (persons) . .
Lawyers (families) .
6
Societies (families)......'.'.'.'..'! 388
Courts (adults) Ill
Courts (children) 268
Medical Aid Secured.
From. Persons.
Ambulance service 36
Health department 67
Nurses 1.576
County doctor • 785
Private physician 1.498
Dispensaries 2,477
Hospitals or convalescent homes 1,696
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF CHICAGO
79 West Monroe street.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS (1918).
Class A — George M. Reynolds, Chicago.
James B. Forgan, Chicago.
E. L. Johnson, Waterloo. Iowa.
Class B— John W. Blodgett, Grand Rapids.
Mich.
A. H. Vogel. Milwaukee. Wis.
(Vacancy.)
Class C— E. T. Meredith, Des Moines. Iowa.
James Simpson, Chicago, 111.
William A. Heath, Evanston, 111.
OFFICERS.
W. A. Heath, federal reserve agent and chair-
man.
James Simpson, deputy chairman.
W. F. McLallen, secretary and assistant fed-
eral reserve agent.
W. H. White, assistant federal reserve agent
and manager department of examinations.
F. R. Burgess, auditor.
W. A. Hopkins, assistant auditor.
L. A. Walton, secretary subcapital issues com-
mittee.
James B. McDougal, governor.
C. R. McKay, deputy governor.
B. G. McCloud. cashier.
(7TH DISTRICT).
S. B. Cramer, assistant cashier.
Clarke Waehburne, assistant cashier.
F. J. Carr. assistant cashier.
K. C. Childs. assistant cashier.
J. H. Dillard. assistant cashier.
F. Bateman. assistant cashier.
O. J. Netterstrom. assistant cashier.
Frank R. Hanrahan, assistant cashier.
Frank A. Lindsten. assistant cashier.
Bond Department.
D. A. Jones, assistant cashier.
A. H. Voght. acting assistant cashier.
Herbert G. Kaiser, assistant auditor.
DETROIT BRANCH.
Directors.
John Ballantyne, Detroit: Emory W. Clark.
Detroit: Julius H. Haass. Detroit: Charles
H. Hodges, Detroit: Robert B. Locke, De-
troit.
Officers.
R. B. Locke, manager and chairman of board:
J. G. Baskin, assistant federal reserve agent;
William R.' Cation, cashier; J. B. Dew, as-
sistant cashier.
Commander — Joseph W. Fifer, Bloomington.
Senior Vice-Commander — Edwin N. Armstrong,
Peoria.
Junior Vice-Commander — Henry K. Wolcott, Ba-
tavia.
Medical Director— W. M. Hanna. Aurora.
Chaplain — Rev. W. J. Libberton. Chicago.
Council of Administration — William Andrews,
Rockford: A. D. Cadwallader. Lincoln: A. S.
Wright. Woodstock: James M. Taylor, Tay-
lorville: R. M. Campbell, Peoria.
ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF THE G. A. R.
Department Officers (1918-1919).
Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General
— Henry C. Cooke. Chicago.
Patriotic Instructor — E. J. Ingersoll, Carbon-
dale.
Judge Advocate — James M. Taylor, Taylorville.
Chief of Staff— W. H. Moore. Bloomington.
Chief Mustering Officer — Philip Smith, Peoria.
Inspector — John W. Arnold. Lockport.
Headquarters — Memorial hall, Michigan avenue
and Randolph street, Chicago.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
829
GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN CHICAGO.
The postoffiee and all other United States de-
partment offices, except where otherwise noted,
are in the 1'tderal building, which stands on
the square bounded by Clark. Adams and Dear-
born streets and Jackson boulevard. Postmaster,
William B. Carlile ; room 358.
Appraiser's Office — Harrison and Sherman streets:
appraiser. W. H. Clare.
Department of Commerce — Room 629 : radio in-
spector. Robert E. Earle.
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce —
Room 503 ; George W. Doonau, commercial agent.
Custom House — South wing, fourth floor: collec-
tor (vacancy) ; special deputy collector, John
R. Ford ; naval officer, William Brown ; special
deputy naval officer, Edgar C. Hawley.
Hydrographic Office — Room 528 ; Lieut. A. M.
Steckel in charge.
Immigration Bureau— Pontiac building. Dearborn
and Harrison streets ; inspector in charge. H.
R. Landis.
Inspectors of Steam Vessels— Room 529 : William
Nicholas and John F. Hanson.
Internal Revenue Department — East wing, fourth
floor ; collector. Julius F. Smietanka ; chief
deputy, Charles P. McNamara.
Marine Hospital— Clarendon and Graceland ave-
nues- surgeon in command. Dr. J. O. Cobh.
Postofflce Inspector— Room 330; James E. Stuart
in charge.
Railway Mail Service— Third floor, north wing;
Frauk McFurlaud, superintendent.
United States District Attorney— Room 826 ;
Cha'rles F. Clyne ; chief clerk, William A.
Small. .
United States Engineer — Room 508: officer In
charge. Lieut. -Col. \V. V. Judson. corps of en-
gineers, U. S. A.
United States Marshal — Rooms 804 and 806: mar-
shal, John J. Bradley; chief deputy, Joseph F.
Ryan.
United States Secret Service — Room 881; Thomas
I. Porter, chief operator.
United States Subtreasury — First floor, northwest
section; assistant treasurer, Robert I. Hunt;
cashier, Frank C. Russell.
Weather Bureau— Fourteenth floor ; meteorologist
in charge, Henry J. Cox.
SALARIES OF PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS.
District attorney „ $10.000
Postmaster 8.000
Collector of customs 7,000
Treasurer 5.000
Marshal 5.000
Naval officer 5.000
Internal revenue collector 4.500
United States engineer 3.500
Appraiser : 4.500
Meteorologist (weather) 4,000
FOREIGN CONSULS AND CONSULATES IN CHICAGO.
Argentine Republic— Albert W. Brickwood, Jr.,
811, 79 West Monroe street.
Austria-Hungary—Consulate closed ; in charge of
Swiss consul.
Belgium— Dr. Cyrille Vermeren, 431, 108 N. State
street.
Bolivia— F. W. Harnwell. 1612, 105 S. LaSalle-st.
Brazil— S. R. Alexander, 10, 183 N. Wabash-av.
Chile— M. H. Ehlert, 616, 29 South LaSalle street
Colombia— Joaquin A. Saavedra, 1136 Otis bldg.
Costa Rica— B. Singer, 616, 29 South LaSalle-st.
Cuba— P. Caballero. 5 North LaSalle street.
Denmark— B. F. Falkenstjerne, 921, 326 W. Madi-
son street.
Dominican Republic— Frederick W. Job, 832, 140
South Dearborn street.
Ecuador — Frutos T. Plaza, 912 Lakeside place.
France — Antonin Barthelemy, 225-227. 108 South
LaSalle street.
Germany — Consulate closed ; in charge of Swiss
consul.
Great Britain — Horace D. Nugent (consul-gen-
eral), S07 1'ullman buildinff.
Greece — Constantino Xanthopoulos (consul-gen-
eral), 147 North Dearborn street.
Guatemala— Jule F. Brower, 1331, 38 South Dear-
born street.
Honduras— Jule F. Brower (consul-general), 1331.
38 South Dearborn street.
Italy— Count Giulio Bolognesi, 1446, 72 West
Adams street.
Jiipiin— Saburo Kurusu, 929, 122 S. Mieblgan-av.
Mexico — Col. Edmundo E. Martinez, suite 820,
608 South Dearborn street.
Netherlands— John Venne.ma (consul-general), 1407,
140 South Dearborn street.
Nicaragua— Berthold Singer. 616, 29 S. LaSalle-st.
Norway— Olaf Beruts (acting), 723, 30 North
LaSalle street.
Panama — E. A. Navarro. 303, 608 S. Dearborn-st.
Paraguay— Albert W. Holmes, 5241 Carmen-av.
Persia— (Vacancy ).
Peru— Hiram J. Slifer, 860, 209 S. LaSalle street.
Portugal — ( Vacancy ).
Russia — Antoine ValkoflC (consul-general), 616, 29
South LaSalle street.
Salvador— Berthold Singer, 616, 29 S. LaSalle-st.
Siam — Mil ward Adams, 404 South Michigan-ay.
Spain— B. Singer. 616. 29 South LaSalle street.
Sweden— Sigurd T. Goes. 402, 108 S. LaSalle-st.
Switzerland— Henry Nussle. 310, 11 S. LaSalle-st.
Turkey— (Vacancy).
Uruguay— R. Charles Liebrecht, 822, COS S: Dear-
born street.
Venezuela— Blaine J. Brickwood, 811, 79 West
Monroe street.
COLLEGE FRATERNITY HOUSES IN CHICAGO.
Acacia— 5719 Kenwood avenue.
Alpha Delta Phi— 1005 East 57th street.
Alpha Kappa Kappa— 1832 West Adams street.
Alpha Tau Omega— 923 East 60th street.
Beta Theta Pi — 5555 Woodlawn avenue.
Chi Psi — 5735 University avenue.
Delta Chi— 5125 Kimbark avenue.
Delta Kappa Epsiion — 5754 Woodlawn avenue.
Delta Sigma Phi — 5804 Blackstone avenue.
Delta Tail Delta — 5607 University avenue.
Delta Upsilon— 5747 Blackstone avenue.
Gamma Alpha — 5520 Blnckstone avenue.
Phi Alpha Delta— 2913 South Michigan avenue.
Phi Delta Theta— 935 East 60th street.
Phi Gamma Delta— 975 East 60th street.
Phi Kappa Psi — 5635 University avenue.
Phi Kappa Sigma — 5733 University avenue.
Psi Upsilon— 5639 University avenue.
Sigma Alpha Epsiion— 5817 Kenwood avenue.
Sigma Chi— 5828 Woodlawn avenue.
Sigma Nu — 5824 Woodlawn avenue.
COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY.
1917. 1916.
Operating revenue $25,351,585 $22,863,118
operating expense 13.791,636 11.907,879
Net revenue 8.723,702 8,133,072
Net income 4.877,077 4.399,413
.Surplus 6.184.990 732,301
Assets 117,169,846 107,512,366
CHICAGO FEDERATION OF LABOR.
President— John J. Fitzpatrick.
Vice-rresldent— Oscar F. Nelson.
Secretary— E. N. Nockels.
Financial Secretary— Fred G. Hopp.
Treasurer— Thomas F. Kennedy.
Headquarters — 166 West Washington street.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
-MILITARY FORCES OF ILLINOIS.
Copyright, F. P. Fa^kner.
BEIG.-GEN.
F. S. DICKSON.
GENERAL OFFICERS.
Commander in Chief— Gov. Frank O. Lowden.
The Adjt.-Gen.— Brig.-
Gen. Frank S. Dick-
son.
Adjt.-Gen. — Col. Rich
ings J. Shand.
Inspector-General — Col.
Stephen O. Tripp.
Inspector-General — Col.
Henry Barrett Cham-
berlin. Chicago.
Chief of Ordnance —
(Vacancy).
Assistant Chief of Ord-
nance— (Vacancy) .
Judge Advocate— (Va-
cancy) .
Surgeon-General — Col.
Jacob Frank. Chi-
cago.
IN PRANCE.
First Brigade (headquarters, Chicago), npw
66th Brigade Headquarters, Infantry — Brig-
Gen. Paul A. Wolf (R. A.)
First Infantry (headquarters, Chicago), now
the 131st Regiment Infantry, United States
Army — Col. Joseph B. Sanborn.
Second Infantry (headquarters. Chicago), now
the 132d Regiment Infantry. United States
Army— Col. Abel Davis.
Seventh Infantry (headquarters. Chicago), now
the Military Trains and Military Police of
the 33d Division— Col. Charles D. Center.
Sixth Infantry (headquarters, Geneseo), now
the 123d Field Artillery. United States
Army — Col. Charles G. Davis.
Third Infantry (headquarters, Aurora), now
the 129th Regiment. Infantry, United States
Army — Col. George Myers.
Second Brigade (headquarters, Quincy), now
the 65th Brigade Headquarters, Infantry.
Fourth Infantry (headquarters, Paris) , now
the 130th Regiment Infantry, United States
Army — Col. John V. Clinnin.
Fifth Infantry (headquarters, Quincy), now
the 122d Machine Gun Battalion, 33d Di-
vision—Lieut.-Col. David R. Swaim.
Eighth Infantry (headquarters, Chicago), now
the 370th Infantry, United States Army
(colored)— Col. Thomas A. Roberts (R. A.).
First Field Artillery (headquarters, Chicago),
now the 149th Field Artillery, United States
Army — Col. Henry J. Reilly.
Second Field Artillery (formerly the First
Cavalry, headquarters. Chicago), now the
122d Field Artillery, United States Army-
Col. Milton J. Foreman.
Third Field Artillery (headquarters. East St.
Louis), now the 124th Field Artillery.
United States Army — Col. Horatio B.
Hackett.
Company A, Signal Corps (headquarters, Chi-
cago), now the 108th Field Signal Battalion
— Major Karl Truesdell.
First Regiment Engineers (headquarters, Chi-
cago), now the 108th Regiment Engineers,
United States Army-^ol. Henry A. Allen.
Field Hospital Companies Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4,
and Ambulance Companies Nos. 1, 2, 3 and
4 (headquarters, Chicago), now the 108th
Sanitary Trains — Maj. Harry D. Orr.
ILLINOIS NATIONAL GUARD.
First Brigade (headquarters. Spring-field) —
Brig.-Gen. Frank S. Dickson commanding1.
Ninth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Springfield) — Col. Frank L. Taylor com-
manding: Lieut.-Col. Samuel N. Hunter.
Maj. Wilbur E. Satterfield, Maj. Charles W.
Russell, Maj. Claude E. Smith.
Tenth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Danville — Col. Oscar Phillip Yeager com-
manding; Lieut.-Col. John H. Lewman, Mai.
John O. Smith. Maj. Henry C. Hill, Maj.
J. Richard Boyer.
Eleventh Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago) — Col. James E. Stuart command-
ing: Lieut.-Col. Charles R. Vincent. Mai.
Herbert A. Fife. Maj. Britton A. Budd. Maj.
Samuel H. VowelL
ILLINOIS RESERVE MILITIA.
First Brigade (headquarters, Chicago)— Brig.-
Gen. Leroy T. Steward, commanding-; Maj.
Alvar N. Bournique, ad jut ant -general; Maj.
C. C. Daughaday. inspector-general: Maj.
George R. Linn, quartermaster-general; Maj.
William T. Church, ordnance officer and in-
spector of small arms; Lieut.-Col. Julius R.
Kline, judge-advocate.
First Regiment of Infantry (headquarters, Chi-
cago)— Col. William N. Pelouze command-
ing: Lieut.-Col. Antone F. Lorensen: Maj.
Lucius A. Hine, Maj. Nicholas J. Budinger.
Maj. Benjamin Zweig.
Second Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago) — Col. Joseph C. Wilson command-
ing; Lieut.-Col. Charles A. Alsip, Maj. Ed-
gar Rice Burroughs, Maj. John P. Hobbs.
Maj. Archibald MacLeisch.
Third Regiment of Infantry (headquarters,
Chicago) — Col. A. It, Bolte commanding;
Lieut.-Col. Thomas F. Howe, Maj. Joseph M.
Allen, Maj. R. Scott Miner. Maj. Fred J.
Phillips.
Fourth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Chicago)— Col. William C. Beckman com-
manding: Lieut.-Col. (vacancy), Maj. J. H.
Ireland, Maj. Walter S. Cadwell, Maj. M. J.
Weiland.
Second Brigade (headquarters, Springfield) —
Brig.-Gen. Frank P. Wells commanding.
Fifth Regiment of Infantry (headqviarters.
Springfield) -;-Col. Charles P. Summers com-
manding: Lieut.-Col. (vacancy) : Maj. Frank
R. Simmons, Maj. Homer D. Junkin, Maj.
Max Hurd.
Sixth Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Oregon) — Col. Franc Bacon commanding:
Lieut.-Col. William H. Brogunier, Maj.
Charles S. Harkison, Maj. Fred L. Dewey.
Pontiac.
Seventh Regiment of Infantry (headquarters.
Springfield)— Maj. Hal M. Smith, Maj. Harry
M. Powell.
Eighth Regiment. Depot Org-anization (head-
quarters, Quincy) — Col. J. E. Caldwell,
Lieut.-Col. Clare Irwin, Maj. John M. Hun-
gate.
First Separate Battalion (colored), (head-
quarters, Chicago)— Maj. John R. Marshall
commanding.
Supply Company (headquarters, Chicago) —
Capt. William O. IJee. 2d Lieut. Benjamin F.
Campbell.
Medical Corps (headquarters, Chicago) — 1st
Lieut. Claude Runyon, 1st Lieut. George El-
wood Pumphrey.
ILLINOIS MEN IN WAR. '
The state of Illinois furnished 308,240 men
in the United States army and navy for the
war with Germany. The state furnished 256.-
181 men for the federal army and navy in
the civil war. Of this number probably 50,-
000 were re-enlistments.
Alex. I>loyd...
A. Callionn...
L. Nlcholl....
A. Sherman..,
S. F. Gale..
.1837-1838
1839
1840
..1841-1843
.1844-1846
CHICAGO FIRE DEPARTMENT CHIEFS.
C. E. Peck 1847-1848
A. Gilbert 1849
O. P. Bradley.. 1850-1831
F. P. Harris... 1852-1853
J. M. Donnelly. 1854
S. MoHrirle 1855-1S57
n. J. Swenle... 1858
T.T. P. Harris... 1859-1867
R. A. Williaras.1867-1873
Matt. Bonner.. 1873-1879
1). J. Swenie... 1879-1901
Wm. H. Musham.1901-1904
John Campion.. 1904-1906
James Horan. . . 1906-1910
O. F. Seyferlich. 1910-1914
Thos. O'Connor. 1914
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
831
ILLINOIS CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS.
(
In spite of the great war in Europe, which
absorbed the greater
part of the energy of
the citizens of Illinois
in 1918, the program
arranged by the cen-
tennial commission was
carried through with
remarkable success. In
many of the counties
local organizations were
formed which arranged
celebrations at various
times and places with
appropriate exercises.
At the state capital,
on April 17 and 18,
there was a meeting
of the Illinois His-
torical society in ob-
servance of the cen-
tennial of the adop-
tion of the enabling
act: on Aug. 9-26 the
state fair and centen-
nial exposition: Oct.
1-6. state centennial
pageant with unveil-
ing of statues of Lin-
coln and Douglas, and
on Dec. 3 the final
observance under the
auspices of the centen-
nial commission and
State Historical society.
The official centen-
nial celebration held
in Springfield Oct. 1 to
6 was one of the most
impressive of the year.
Aside from a historical
pageant, in which more
than 1.000 persons ap-
•peared, the features
NY «aid sen-ice.
LINCOLN STATUE.
ues of Stephen
A.Douglas and
Abraham Lin-
coln on Sat-
urday. Oct. 5. The corner stone was
laid at 10:30 in the forenoon, the
Douglas statue dedicated at 11
a. m.. and the Lincoln statue at
2:30 p. m. The principal address
at the Douglas ceremony was made
by Josephus Daniels, secretary of
the navy, while at the dedication
of the Lincoln statue Lord Cham-
wood of England was the orator.
Both the speakers were introduced
by Gov. Frank O. Lowden.
The Lincoln statue, which is the
work of Andrew O'Connor, an emi-
nent eastern sculptor, looks down
Capitol avenue from the east en-
trance to the statehouse. It stands
on a large base approached by
granite steps, and as a background
there is a huge granite slab, on
the back of which is carved Lin-
coln's farewell address to Spring-
field as he departed for Wash-
ington.
The Douglas statue, made by the
Chicago sculptor, Gilbert P. Ris-
wold. stands on a smaller base at
the left of the Lincoln statue and
just in front of the space formerly
occupied by the Menard group.
This group has been moved to the
southeast corner of the capitol
grounds and to the right of the
Lincoln statue, thus balancing the
arrangement.
, . __.
were the laying- of the Starr Best. The musi-
corner stone of the cal directors of the
memorial building and pageant were Daniel
the dedication of stat- Protheroe and William
The celebration of the adoption of the first
constitution of Illinois,
held at Springfield on
Aug. 26, was also
notable. Former Pres-
ident Theodore Roose-
velt was the principal
speaker. Gov. Frank
O. Lowden, Dr. Otto L.
Schmidt, Bishop Sam-
uel Fallows and others
t9ok part in the exer-
cises, which were held
in the state fair
grounds. There also,
in the coliseum, was
presented "The Masque
of Illinois," by Wal-
lace Rice of Chicago.
Miss Florence Lowden,
daughter of the gov-
ernor, acted the part
of "Illinois."
CHICAGO CELEBRA-
TION.
Chicago held its cen-
tennial celebration Oct.
8 to 13. A pageant
written by Arthur
Hercz was given at
the Auditorium on the
evenings of Oct. 9, 10
and 11 and on the
afternoon of Oct. 12.
It was produced under
the direction of Mr.
Hercz, pageant master,
and Mrs. Lillian Fitch,
and Bertha L. lies, as-
sistants. One scene was
produced by the Drama
league under the
rection of Mrs.
B«hm Photo.
Weil. The dances CENTENNIAL MONU-
™^r£ arranged MENT. CHICAGO.
and directed by
Mane Yung August M. Eteen was stage
director, with Thomas Phillips assistant.
-ine pageant opened with the Indian
period and then followed the his-
tory of the territory and state, on
down to the present, showing the
arrival of Marquette and Joliet. the
settlement of Kaskaskia, the Fort
Dearborn massacre, the. admission
of the state into the union, the
reception of Lafayette, the develop-
ment of the state prior to the
civil war, the civil war, the Chi-
cago fire, the world's fair, and
finally the call to arms in the war
against Germany and Austria. A
striking feature was the roll call of
nations made up of various nation-
alities, each dressed in a costume
of the nation represented, and
showing1 the national flag.
The Illinois Centennial monument
was dedicated in Logan square at
3 o'clock Sunday afternoon, with
appropriate exercises. W. Tudor
ApMadoc presided. The dedication
was under the auspices of the Illi-
nois Centennial committee of Chi-
cago. The Rev. John Timothy
Stone, D. D., delivered the invoca-
tion and Gov. Frank O. Lowdea
delivered the address. The pres-
entation of the monument wa8
by Charles L. Hutchinson. president
of the Art institute of Chicago, and
DOUGLAS STATUE, the acceptance by Jens C. Hansen.
832
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
member of the West Chicag-o park commission.
The monument was erected with money pro-
vided by the Benjamin Franklin Ferguspn fund,
a bequest providing an income which is to be
expended by the trustees of the Art institute
of Chicago in the erection and maintenance of
enduring- statuary and monuments in Chicag-o
in commemoration of worthy men or women,
or important events of American history.
Among1 other notable centennial celebrations
in the course of the«^ear were those at Ches-
ter and Fort Gage (Kaskaskia), Starved Rock,
Jacksonville, St. Charles, Rockford, Anna,
Hoopeston and Carthage on July 4 ; New Salem,
Aug. 16: Vandalia, the second capital of Illi-
nois, Sept. 24-26: Belleville, Sept. 11-13; Al-
bion. Sept. 18: Alton, Sept. 25-27.
The centennial half dollar, coined under an
act of congress, was distributed on a pro rata
basis by Hugh S. Magill, Jr., director of the
centennial celebration, and sold at the uni-
form price of fl. The coinage was limited
to 100.000 pieces, and the money made was
used for the payment of celebration expenses.
The "Centennial Bulletin," published in
Springfield, gave full reports of the various
events, as well as advance information as to
the program of celebrations. From this pub-
lication, which will be ot value to future
historians of Illinois, most of the foregoing1
facts were taken.
ILLINOIS CENTENNIAL COMMISSION.
The Illinois Centennial commission, under the
direction or auspices of which the celebrations
were held, was, in November, 1918, as follows;
Chairman— Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, 38 South Dear,
born street, Chicago.
Secretary— Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber, state
capitol, Springfield.
Dr. Edward Bowe, Jacksonville: Hon. John J.
Brown, Vandalia: Hon. John W. Bunn
Springfield: Hon. William Butterworth, Mo-
line; Hon. Leon A. Colp, Marion: Rev. R,
W. Ennis, Mason City; Prof. E. B. Greene,
315 Lincoln hall. Urbana: President Edmund
J. James, University of Illinois. Urbana:
Hon. George Pasfield, Jr., Springfield: Hon.
William N. Pelouze. 12 West Delaware
place, Chicago: Hon. A. J. Poonnan. Jr.,
Fairfield: Judge Thomas F. Scully, county
building-, Chicago: Rev. Frederic Siedenburg,
S. J.. 617 Ashland block. Chicago.
Director of the Centennial Celebration— Hugh
S. Magill, Jr., state capitol, Springfield.
Assistant Director Centennial Celebration-
Horace H. Bancroft, state capitol, Spring-
field.
Pageant Writer and Lecturer— Wallace Bice.
2701 Best avenue, Chicago.
Manager of Publicity — Halbert O. Crews, state
capitol, Springfield.
Editor Centennial Memorial History — Prof.
Clarence Walworth Alvord, University of
Illinois.
Pageant Master— Frederick Bruegg-er, 5420 Cor-
nell avenue, Chicago.
SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS IN CHICAGO.
Abraham Lincoln — Oakwood boulevard and Lang-
ley avenue; secretary, James P. Hall.
Association House-^2150 West North avenue;
vMiss Winifred Salisbury.
Bohemian Settlement House — 1831 South Racine
avenue ; Miss Gertrude Ray.
Chicago Commons — North Morgan street and Grand
avenue: Graham Taylor.
Chicago Hebrew Institute— West Taylor and Lytle
streets: superintendent, Philip L. Seman.
Christopher House — 2507 Greenview avenue ; Miss
Ora E. Edmocds.
Ell Bates House— 621 West Elm street: Mrs. C.
Franklin Leavitt.
Emerson— 1716 Emerson avenue; Mrs. Rboda A.
Leach.
Fellowship House— 831 West 33d place; Mrs.
Elliott W. Davis.
Forward Movement— 109 North Dearborn street;
Glenwood Preble. executive secretary.
Frederick Douglass — 3032 Wabasli avenue: Mrs.
Celia Parker Woolley.
Gads Hill Center— 1919 West 20th street; Miss
Until Austin.
Halsted Street Institutional Church Settlement—
1935 South Halsted street: Rev. R. Stepuensoh.
Henry Booth House — 701 West 14th place ; Mrs.
M. R. Kultchar.
Hull House — 800 South Halsted street: Miss Jane
Addams.
Institutional Church— 3825 Dearborn street: Rev.
A. J. Carey.
Little Wanderer Day Nursery and Settlement
House — 2116 West Chicago avenue ; Mrs. Mary
A. Cook.
Marcy Center — 1335 Newberry avenue ; Miss Anna
Heistad. R. N.
Maxwell Settlement— 12M South Clinton street.
Miss Ernestine Heller.
National Park Seminary and Settlement— 239
West 24th street ; Mrs. E. Martin.
Neighborhood House — 6710 South May street: Mrs.
H. M. Van Der Vaart and S. Grace Nicholes.
Northwestern University — Augusta and Noble
streets: Miss Harriet E. Vittum.
Olivet Institute — 1500 Hudson avenue ; Rev. Nor-
man E. Barr.
St. Mary's Settlement and Day Nursery— 656
West 44th street ; Mrs>. May Moore.
Samaritan House — 2601 West Superior street;
Margaret LIndesmith
Sinai Social Center— 4622 Grand boulevard; S.
D. Schwartz.
South Deering Neighborhood Center— 10441 Hoxie
avenue ; Ernest J. Morris.
Union Home— 2932 Groveland avenue; Mrs. Hilda
N. Johnson-Haskins.
University of Chicago — 4630 Gross avenue: Miss
Mary E. McDowell.
Wendell Phillips— 2009 Walnut street ; Mrs. Laura
E. Miller.
CHICAGO'S FREE PUBLIC BATHS.
Operated by the health department ; Dr. John
Dill Robertson, commissioner ; W. K. Murray,
M. D., chief of bureau of hospitals, public baths
and lodging houses. Names and locations of baths:
Carter H. Harrison— 759 Mather street.
Martin B. Madden— 3825 Wentworth avenue.
William Mavor— 4647 Gross avenue.
Robert A. Waller— 19 South Peoria street.
Kosciuszko— 1444 Holt street.
DeWitt C. Cregier — 1155 Cambridge avenue.
John Wentworth— 2839 South Halsted street.
Theodore T. Gurney— 1139 West Chicago avenue.
William B. Ogden— 3346 Emerald avenue.
Joseph Medill— 2138 Grand avenue.
Thomas Gahan — 4226 Wallace street.
Pilsen— 1849 Throop street.
Fernand Henrotin— 2415 North Marshfleld avenue.
William LoeiDer— 1217 South Union street.
Simon Baruch— 1911 West 20th street.
Graeme Stewart— 1642 West 35th street.
Fourteenth Street Bath— 14th street pumping
station, 1332 Indiana avenue.
Twenty-Second Street Bath— 22d street pumping
station, Ashland avenue near 22d street.
Lincoln— 1019 North Lincoln street.
Public Bath— Polk and Paulina streets.
Public Bath — Kedzie avenue and 24th street.
The Carter H. Harrison bath, opened in Jnmn-
ary, 1904, is said to have been the first free
public bath in the United States. Similar baths
in Vienna charged a fee of 2 cents and those
in New York 5 cents. The average cost of each
plant has been between $15,000 and $20,000, and
the average annual cost of maintenance $4,000.
ALMANAC ANI> YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
833
PROGRESS OF CHICAGO SINCE 1850.
For corresponding data lor 1918 consult index.
1850.
1860. 1870.
1880. 1890.
1900.
1910.
Area sq. milea 14.0
17.9 35.6
35.6 179.1
190.6
191. J
Population 28.269
109,206 298,977
503.298 1,099.850
1,698.579
2,185.283
Valuation dols. 7.220.249
37.053.512 275,986.550
117.133,726 219,354,368
276.565.880
*848.994.536
Tax levy dols. 25,271
373,315 4,139,799
3,899,127 9.558,335
18.384,195
23,485.538
Bonded debt dols. 93,395
2.336,000 11,041,000
12.752,000 13.545,400
16.328.400
26.229,642
Receipts— Flour, brls
713.348 1.766.037
3,215,389 4.338.058
9.313,591
8.006.283
Wheat bu. 1,687,465
14,927,083 17,394.409
23,541,607 14,248.770
48,048,298
27.540.100
Corn bu. 2.869.339
15,862,394 20,189.775
97,272,844 91,387,754
134,663.456
102.592,850
Total grain bu. 6,928.459
37.235.027 60.432.574
165,855.370 219,052,518
349,637,295
294,858,724
Cattle No
532.964
1.382.477 3.484.280
3.039.206
3,052,958
Shipments —
Flour brls. 100,871
698.132 1.705,977
2,862.737 4,134,586
7,396,697
7,038.351
Wheat bu. 883,644
12.402.197 16.432,585
22,796.288 11,975.276
36,649,956
18,679,100
Corn bu. 262,013
13.700.113 17.777.377
93,572,934 90,574,379
111,099.653
78,623,100
Total grain bu. 1,830.968
31,108,759 54,745,903
154,377.115 204,674,918
265,552.246
214,601,080
Hogs, packed No. 20,000
151,339 688,149
4.680.637 4.473.467
7,119.440
5.161.552
Imports, value.. dols
6,955.234 15,406.786
15,441.320
28,281,331
Vessel arrivals.. tons
3.049.265
4.616,969 5,138.253
7,044,995
9,439,074
Clearances ....tons
2.983.942
4,537.382 5.150.665
7.141,105
9.470.572
Manufactures.' value
dols
20.000.000 92.618.742
249,022,948 664,567,927
888.94K 311
+1 !>si 31 s nnn
Bank clearings.. dols
810.676,036
1.725,684,894 4.093,145,904 6,799,535,598 13,939,689,984.43
Internal revenue col-
lections dols
8,395,132
8,936,615 13,518.996
13,391,410
11,652,567.87
National banfdepos-^
its dols. 1
State bank deposits f"'
dols.J
16.774.514
64.764.000 «| 105.785,470
*•• 41,670,296
231,386,146
158,238,138
403.941,474
430,468,405
Postofflce rcpts..dols
1.071.842
1,446.014 3,318,989
7.063.704
18.502,854
Water used per day
4,703,525 21.766,260
57.384,376 152,372,288
322,699,630
517.117.000
Pipe miles 30.0
91.0 272.4
455.4 1.205.0
1,872.0
2,272
Revenue dols
131.162 539.180
865,618 2,109,508
3,250.481
5,685,006
Policemen No. 9
100 274
473 1.900
2.800
4,260
Schools No. 7
14 59
73 238
329
280
123 572
898 2.711
5,321
6.383
Pupils No. 3,000
14.199 40.832
69,562 135,541
255.861
300.893
•One-third full
value, tin 1909.
FREIGHT TUNNELS UNDER CHICAGO.
Underlying nearly all the streets In the central
business section of Chicago are sixty miles of
tunnels connecting the freight terminals of the
railroads with commercial houses. The tunnels
are provided with narrow-gauge (2 ft.) electric
railroads equipped with electric locomotives and
steel cars. These are used chiefly in transport-
ing goods to and from railroad freight yards
and in carrying coal to business houses. Ex-
cavated and waste material from new buildings
Is removed through the tunnels and disposed of.
permitting the work of construction to go on
•without interruption. In 1914 the Chicago Utili-
ties company, which now owns the tunnel sys-
tem, had in operation 117 electric motors and
3,000 coal, freight and other cars. In addition
it had charge of some 24,000 telephones.
The original franchise for the tunnel system
was granted Feb'. 20, 1899, to the Illinois Tele-
phone and Telegraph company, which was organ-
ized In 1898 by A. G. Wheeler and associates
for the purpose of establishing an Independent
telephone system. By an amendatory ordinance
granted July 15, 1903, the company was given the
Tight to construct and operate a subway system
for the transportation of mail matter, news-
papers, packages and freight generally. The
tunnels are 19 feet below city datum or 33 feet
below the surface of the streets, the trunk line
tunnels being limited in size to 12 feet 9 inch-
es In width by 14 feet in height, and the smaller
ones to 6 feet In width and 7 feet 6 Inches in
height. Part of the tunnel system was put Into
operation Aug. 15, 1906, but the whole of it was
not in use until Sept. 1, 1907.
The Illinois Telephone and Telegraph company
was succeeded in October, 1903, by the Illinois
Tunnel company, which was followed in Novem-
ber, 1904, by the Chicago Subway company. The
property of the Subway company and underly-
ing concerns was acquired in April, 1912. by the
Chicago Utilities company, the authorized capi-
tal stock of which is $53.000.000.
PAST POLITICAL COMPLEXION O
From 1900 to 191*
Year.
Mayor. ' Dem.
Rep.
Ind.Soc.Prg-.
Year.
1900-1 .
Harrison Dem .27
39
4 .. ..
1910-11
1901-2.
Harrison Dem
.29
38
3 .. ..
1911-12
1902-3.
Harrison Dem
.30
39
1 ..
1912-13
1903-4 .
Harrison Dem
.32
36
1 1
1913-14
1904-5.
Harrison Dem
.32
35
2 1
1914-15
1905-6.
Dunne, Dem
.32
37
1
1915-16
1906-7.
Dunne, Dem
.36
34
1916-17
1907-8.
Busse, Rep.
.36
34
1917-18
1908-9.
Busse. Rep.
.26
43
'i
1318-19
1909-10
Busse, Rep.
.29
41
TUNNELS UNDER CHICAGO RIVER.
Washington Street— Built 1867-1869: length. 1,605
feet: cost $517.000: rebuilt 1909-1911.
LaSalle Street— Built 1869-1871: length. 1,890 feet:
cost $566.000; rebuilt 1909-1912; length, 2.000
feet: cost $1,200.000.
Van Buren Street— Built 1891-1892: length. 1.514
feet: cost $1,000.000; rebuilt 1909-1912.
All used for street railway purposes.
Mayor. Dem. Rep. Ind.Soc.Prgr.
Busse, Rep 38 32
Harrison. Dem. .42 28
Harrison. Dem. .45 24
Harrison, Dem .. 45 21 1 3
Harrison, Dem. .39 21 4 . . '6
Thompson, Rep. 2 7 36 3 2
Thompson, Rep. 32 36
Thompson, Rep. 42 24 1 3 ..
Thompson. Rep. 45 22 1 3 ..
834
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT OF COOK COUNTY.
COMMISSIONERS.
The commissioners of Cook county by virtue
Of their office also serve as commissioners of
the Forest Preserve District of Cook County,
authorized by an act of the legislature ap-
proved June 27, 1913, and adopted by a
referendum vote Nov. 3. 1914. The commis-
sioners Aug. 1, 1918, were: Peter Reinberg-,
Hartley Burg1, William Busse, Joseph Carolan,
Joseph M. Fitzgerald, Thomas Kasperski. Wil-
liam H. Maclean, George A. Miller, Daniel
Moriarty, Albert Nowak, Owen O'Malley. Dud-
ley D. Pierson, Frank Ragen. Daniel Ryan,
William D. Scott.
OFFICERS.
President — Peter Reinberg.
Treasurer — Oscar F. Mayer.
Secretary— Peter J. Ellert.
Comptroller — Roy J. Barnett.
Attorney — Adolph D. Weiner.
Real Estate Agent — Henry P. Kransz.
Forester— Ransom E. Kennicott.
FOREST PRESERVE PROPERTY.
The Forest Preserve District of Cook County
on Aug. 1, 1918, held title to 12,675 acres in
the district. Some details as to the various
preserves follow:
Palatine Preserve — 1.150 acres of hilly
•wooded land: 850 acres set aside and fenced
for deer; twenty-five acres of artificial lake,
which has developed into a home for water
Jowl.
Elk Grove Preserve— 1.600 acres of virgin
timber land: has lily ponds and bird refuges.
Des Plaines River Valley Preserve — 667 acres
(Wheeling tract) ; old grove portage of Indian
days and scene of reception given Father
Marquette, French explorer, who surprised the
Pottawattomie Indians here — the white man's
first visit to Cook county, 1673; Northwestern
park tract, extending1 from the town of Des
Plaines to Biggins road, containing tracts of
natural forests and sites of half a dozen In-
dian villages.
North Branch Chicago River Valley Pre-
serve—Includes Indian reservation. Forest Glen.
Turnbull, Badek and Glenview tracts: Indian
reservation contains all the forest land award-
ed to Billy Caldwell, the old Indian chief;
Turnbull tract contains old Turnbull home-
stead, established by one of Cook county's
pioneers in Indian days; Badek tract, another
favorite Indian haunt.
Thatcher Park Preserve— Contains also Steele
tract; preserve consists of hundreds of acres
of oak and maple forest.
Salt Creek Valley Preserve — On both banks
of Salt creek from the Des Plaines river to
the west county line; picturesque river valley
with splendid *imber land.
Beverly Hills Preserve— Promontory of rock
on the south side long used as picnic grounds.
Palos Hills Preserve — Contains more than
7,000 acres of hilly forest land extending
along the drainage canal and back into the
Sag district.
Chicago Heights Preserve— Forest tract with
email bodies ot water and streams: located at
junction of Lincoln and Dixie highways.
Thornton and Glenwood Preserves— Adjoining-
tracts; fine forest land; said to have been site
of a battle between Americans and British
in the revolutionary war.
All of the forest preserves may be reached
by automobile and many of them by street
car or railroad. The accompanying map will
show in what direction they lie from the cen-
tral part of the city. Some of the tracts
harve been improved with paths and roads
and a variety of accommodations for visitors.
but the idea followed in all cases has been
to retain the natural wild beauty of the
scenery and not to introduce artificial fea-
tures such as are found in city parks.
An idea of the extent to which the preserves
are used by the public may be had from the
recorded attendance during the months of
May, June and July of 1918. which, however,
does not include single visitors or family gath-
erings. These records show the following at-
tendance: May, 24,560 persons: June, 71,831
persons: July, 97,089 persons; total for three
months, 193,480 persons.
Bushel of— Pounds.
Alfalfa seed 60
Apples, green 50
Apples, dried 24
Barley 48
Beans, green or
string 24
Beans, wax 24
Beans, white 60
Beans, castor 46
Beets 60
Blue grass seed 14
Bran '. 20
Buckwheat 52
Carrots 50
Charcoal 20
Clover seed 60
Coal 80
Coke 40
Corn seed, broom.... 48
Corn meal, unbolted 48
Corn in ear vo
Corn, kaflr 56
Corn, shelled 5( I
Cotton seed II I
ILLINOIS WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Established by act of June 27. 1913.
Bushel of— Pounds.
Cranberries 33
Cucumbers 48
Bushel of — Pounds.
Orchard grass seed.. 14
Osage orange seed... 33
Parsnips 50
Peaches 48
Bushel of— Pounds.
Rough rice 45
Rutabagas ... 50
Emmer 40
Flax seed 56
Flour, wh-at. barrel. 196
Half barrel 98
Quarter barrel sack 49
Eighth barrel sack 24%
Gooseberries 40
Hair, plastering, un-
wished S
Rye meal so
Rye 56
Salt, coarse.... 55
Peanuts, green 22
Peanuts, roasted 20
Salt, fine 50
Sorghum seed... 50
Peas, dried 60
Peas, green, in ;x>d. 32
Popcorn, in ear 70
Popcorn, shelled 56
Potatoes, Irish 60
Spelt 40
Spinach 12
Sweet clover seed,
unhulled 31
Timothv seed 45
Hickory nuts 60
Potatoes, sweet 50
Quinces 48
Tomatoes 56
Hungar'n grass seed 50
Indian corn or maize 56
Rape seed 50
Red top seed . 14
Walnuts 50
Whpnt . . Rft
Malt 38
Whenever any of the following articles are sold
by the cubic yard and the same are weighed.
the following weights shall govern:
Crushed stone, 2.500 pound*, 1 cubic yard.
B nk ,;and, 2,500 pounds, 1 cubic yard.
Torpedo sand, 3,000 pounds, 1 cubic yard.
Gravel, 1,000 pounds. 1 cubic yard.
Millet 50
Millet, Japanese 35
Oats 32
Onions 57
Onion sets, top 30
Onion sets, bottom.. 32
CHICAGO BUILDING STATISTICS.
Number of buildings erected since 1894. with estimated cost.
Year.
1896
Buildings.
6 444
Cost.
$22 730,615
Year.
1904
Buildinss.
7 151
Cost.
$44 724 790
Year.
1912
Buildings.
11 325
Cost.
$88 786 960
I 97
5 294
21 777 230
1905
g 442
63 970 950
1913
10,792
89,668.427
1398
4 067
21 294 325
1906
10 629
64 822 030
1914
9 938
83 261 710
1899
3 794
20 856 750
1907
... 9 352
59 093 080
1915
. 10 340
97 291 480
1900
3 554
19 100 050
1908.. ..
10 771
!68 203 9'0
1916
10 277
112 835 150
1901
6,053
34 962 075
1909
1] 241
90,559,580
1917
4 938
64 244 450
1902
6,074
48,070,399
1910
11,409
96,9?2 700
1918*
2 341
28 406 450
1903....
... 6,221
37,447,176
1911...
...11.106
105.269.700
*First
ten months.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1010.
835
FOREST PRESERVES OF COOK COUNTY.
Areas shown in black had been purchased up to Aug. 1, 1918; shaded areas indicate tracts
recommended for purchase; dotted areas show new public golf grounds in forest preserves.
836
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO'S BOLL OF HONOR.
Following1 is a list of soldiers, marines and
sailors from Chicago and vicinity who were
killed or mortally wounded on the battle fields
of France or at sea in 1918 while taking part
in the world war for freedom. The dates in
most cases are those on which the deaths
were officially or privately announced. The
list extends to Nov. 26, 1918, only.
Ackerman, Isadore, 1139 Winchester avenue:
Oct. 12.
Acontius. Corp. George, 2622 North Ilam-
lin avenue; Nov. 25.
Adams, Ernest J., Evanston; July 6.
Adams. Joseph, 1438 Mohawk street: Sept. 1.
Adamski. William. 1430 Insurance Exchange
building: Nov. 24.
Alborg, Harold H., 1416 Kolin avenue: Aug. 5.
Allison, Lyman J., 608 East Marquette road:
Sept. 5.
Almanovicz. Kastis. 2127 W. 21st-st.: Augr. 13.
Anagnostopoulos, George. 452 North Green
stre^i; Nov. 20.
Anderson. Allyn T., Wilmette: July 9.
Anderson. Andrew. 3420 Florence street. Sie-
ger; Oct. 11.
Anderson. Ewald L., 3723 Greenview avenue:
Sept. 27.
Anderson. Gustav H.. 620 E. 35th-st. : Aug. 22.
Anderson, Sergt. H. W.. 110 West lllth place;
July 6.
Anderson. Sergt. Oskar. 3345 Seminary ave-
nue: July 29.
Anderson, Victor C., 4951 Potomac avenue.
Andorf, Dietrich F.. Hinsdale: Nov. 23.
Anrzeajczjk, Andrew. 226 W. 21st-pl. : Aug". 21.
Ash. Alan; July 8.
Augustiak, Sergt. Walter, 4826 South Lawn-
dale avenue; Sept. 23.
Backstrom. Sergt. Robert E., 85 West 21st
street, Chicago Heights; Nov. 3.
Baczynske. Andy, 814 Dempster street. Evans-
ton; Nov. 17.
Bagniewski. Michael J.. 1551 North Ashland
avenue: Nov. 21.
Bailey, Sergt. Alfred. 9 E. 12th-st.: Nov. 21.
Baldwin, George. 39 West 33d street: July 3.
Baldwin. Capt. William W.. 4153 Ellis ave-
nue: Aug1. 1.
Bantowski, Frank, 8830 Brandon-av. : Aug. 21.
Baranowski. Walter. 1521 Noble-st.: Nov. 26.
Barber, Capt. Timothy L., 851 Farwell ave-
nue: Nov. 15.
Barnes. Bruno. 2518 S. Western-av. : July 15.
Barr, Melvin A., 622 W. 79th-st.: July 4.
Barton, Lieut. Lester C., New York Life build-
ing; Oct. 4.
Basel. Charles. 5706 Honore street: June 25.
Basone, Samuel^ 919 Cambridge-av. : Nov. 9.
Batten, Roy C."1507 Ardmore-av.. Sept. 19.
Baumgart. William C., 1838 Melrose street;
Sept. 27.
Bayne. Lieut. J. Alexander, 7645 Bosworth
avenue: May 8.
Bazurek, Stanley F.. 656 North Spauldine ave-
nue: Sept. 25.
Bealin. Edward Paul, 1400 Belle Plaine ave-
nue: Nov. 9.
Beckford, Stephen McKinley, 6147 University
avenue: June 16.
Becking. Alvin T., 3652 North Hermitage ave-
nue; Sept. 17.
Beebe. La Grande, 435 South Oakley boule-
vard: Aug. 11.
Behm. Edward F.. 2418 Surrey-ct.: Nov. 7.
Behrentz, Corp. Helmar J.. Jr., 3237 Pierce
avenue: Oct. 2.
Belfry. Sergt. Earl, 4202 Pralrie-av.: June 18.
Bell, -Leo, Joliet; July 24.
Bellows, Lieut. Franklin B.. 1204 Ashland
avenue, Wilmette: Oct. 6.
Bemberg, Henry, 2046 Howe street: July 16.
Benischek. James A.. 1912 W. 21st-st. ; Oct. 1.
Benson, Corp. Edward, 6215 Laflin street:
Sept. 11.
Bentowski, David S.. 1020 South Ashland ave-
nue; Nov. 14.
Beran. James J., 658 N. Oakley -blvd.: July 4
Berg, Corp. Carl G., 5239 W. 22d-pl.; Nov. 18i
Berg. Jack. 417 East 46th place: Nov. 5
Berg, Sergt. Robert A.. 1365 E. 63d-st; Oct 2
Berggren. Carl E., 6555 Langley-av.; Aug. 20.
Bernhardt. Corp. Joseph. 1824 Cleveland ave-
nue; Nov. 15.
Bershinsky, Victor, 62 10th street: Sept. 29.
Bertz, Joseph. 436 East 115th street: Oct. 1.
Beyer, Arthur A.. 1401 Cornelia-st. : Nov. 20.
Billmeyer. Clarence A.. 2201 North Kenneth
avenue; Nov. 19.
Binckley. Herbert L., 4150 West Monroe
street: Sept. 11.
Birkland, Walter B., 9220 Pleasant avenue;
Nov. 12.
Bischoff. Sergt. Elmer Joy, 307 North Cuyler
avenues Sept. 5.
Bixler, Corp. Wallace M., 1500 Main street,
Evanston; Sept. 10.
Blanchard. Lieut. Merrill. Evanston: Nov. 12.
Blasius. John Jr., 1937 North Keystone ave-
nue: July 24.
Blasyk. Sergt. John. 2312 S. Troy-st.; Aug. 27.
Blaul. Frank. 1936 Wolfram street; Aug. 25.
Blaszak, Walter, 8347 South Shore drive:
Aug. 30.
Blesenthal. Arthur, 2134 Crescent-pi.; Aug. 15.
Blum. Lieut. Herbert C., 4436 North Kildare
avenue; July 18.
Blumenthal, Alabel. 6130 Evans-av: Aug. 10.
Bockman, Harry S.. 2812 E. 76th-st: Nov. 1.
Bogard, Corp. Adrian, 132 West 118th street;
Nov. 16.
Bonner, Charles F., Hotel LaSalle: Oct. 14.
Borst, Albert, 1126 Lyman avenue: Sept. 22.
Boswell, Harold, 908 Montrose-av. ; July 24.
Boyd, Lieut. Gordon, 6615 Greenview avenue;
Nov. 16.
Boyer. Merrill E.. 142 Elgin avenue. Forest
Park: Oct. 14.
Bracken, Harold A., 431 Rush street; July 17.
Bradshaw, Fred, 458 Fullerton pkwy. ; Aug. 8.
Brand. William C., 2129 Armitage-av. : Oct. 14.
Brandt. Walter B., 4838 W. 23d-st.; Nov. 16.
Brassel. John R., 6227 Langley-av.: Nov. 9.
Breckenridge. Charles S., 1043 East 65th
street : Aug. 12.
Brick, Corp. Charles, 1310 West 14th street:
Oct. 27.
Brooks, Phillips. 6401 Kimbark-av.; July 29.
Brophy. Lieut. James G.. 5500 West Adams
street: Nov. 12.
Brosius. Sergt. Lloyd: Sept. 7.
Brown, Corp. Conrad. 6213 South Morgan
street; Nov. 26.
Brown. Frank Joseph, 3733 South Hermitage
avenue: Aug. 3.
Brown, Lieut. Glenn L., 5527 Kimbark F ve-
nue: Oct. 14.
Brown. Waldo, NLcs Center: Nov. 5.
Brzyski, Joseph S.. 3304 S. Wells-st.: Aug. 12.
Buckheister, Ernest L.. 910 Fullerton avenue;
July 16.
Burda, Ben. 2847 South Spaulding avenue:
Nov. 23.
Bugala, Stanley F., 640 W. 12th-st.: Sept. 29.
Burke, Lester M.. 3643 W. Polk-st. ; Sept. 10.
Burkhart, Edward J.. 910 W. 74th-st.: Nov 10
Burns, John W.. 1024 Sholto street; July 3.
Burr. Lieut. Alexander, Chicago Beach Hotel;
Oct. 12.
Burwan. Andrew, Melrose Park; Sept. 5.
Butskas. Joseph. 4334 Union avenue; Sept. 27.
Byron. Edward J.. 5807 Emerald-av.: Nov. 9.
Cantwell, Corp. Joseph R., 2316 Flournoy
street: Nov. 26.
Capoun, James V., 2831 S. Homan-av.; Oct. 6.
Capsack, Michael D., 5004 South Hermitage
avenue: June 14.
Carlson, Frank S., Sycamore, 111.: July 24.
Carlson. John E.. 350-1 N. Clark-st.: Nov. 12.
Carr, Chaliss. 7847 Normal avenue; Nov. 14.
Carravatta. Pasquale, 836 Garibaldi place;
Sept. 5.
Carroll. Philip M.. 2226 East 70th-st. : Nov. 9.
Cnsey. Emmett M.. 130-1 St. Charles road,
Maywood; Aug. 30.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
837
Cassin. Matthew J., 1648 North Central Park
avenue; Nov. 21.
Catalano, James. 116 S. Sang-amon-st.: Sept. 8.
Cattes. Sergt. Martin. 2637 Rice-st.: July 3.
Charleson, Edward. 3441 Grenshaw street:
Oct. 16.
Chartier. Louis. 3525 South Wells-st.: July 6.
Cherrie, Corp. Geo. R.. 1718 West 34th street:
Oct. 21.
Choitz, Charles John. 4349 South Troy street;
Oct. 14.
Cieplinski, Vincent, 1130 Clove street: Nov. 6.
Cina. Corp. Andrew, 1755 Ashland avenue;
Nov. 9.
Cipanski, Frank, 1361 Noble-st.; Nov. 21.
Clausen. Harry E., 1851 North Kimball ave-
nue: July 17.
Clemenson. Otto C.. 1346 North Kildare ave-
nue: Oct. 30.
Cody, James, 738 S. Washtenaw-av. : Nov. 13.
Coe, Trumpeter Charles C., 7340 Stewart ave-
nue, June 13.
Collins, William V.. 1831 Eddy-st.: Nov. 8.
Conway, Martin. 1413 North State-st.; Ausr. 7.
Conway. Sergt. Peter, 2637 Rice-st.: July 3.
Cook. Arthur S., 822 S. Wabash-av.: May 28.
Cookson. Sergt. Ralph R., 545 Arlington place :
Nov. 5.
Cooper. Hedley, Riverside; July 4.
Cope, Lawrence J.. 626 Buckingham place;
Nov. 14.
Corbett. John F. Jr., 2428 North Talman ave-
nue; Aug. 15.
Corcoran, James. 4723 Walton street: Oct. 6.
Cordes, Lieut. Paul H.; Sept. 12.
Corsiglia, Charles J., 2742 North Sacramento
avenue: Nov. 9.
Cotter. James T., 1822 Elston avenue: Sept. 5.
Coughlin, William H., 2330 Indiana avenue;
July 11.
Cowan, Lieut. John W.. 6935 Chappell avenue;
July 27.
Cox, Lieut. Paul G., 5220 Blackstone avenue;
Aug. 9.
Craig, Lieut. Hart-y, Evanston: Sept. 4.
Crane. Edward B.. 542 N. Homan-av.; Mar. 6.
Crocker, 2d Lieut. Alvah, Winnetka: June 30.
Crolut, Corp. Glen A.. 1733 Roscoe street;
Nov. 16.
Cunningham. Corp. Martin J., 6124 South May
street: Aug. 12.
Cunningham, Lieut. Oliver B., 1318 Forest ave-
nue, Evanston: Sept. 17.
Cusack, James, Melrose Park; June 27.
Cuza. Nick, 248 Alexander street; Aug. 20.
Czarniewski. Isadore; June 25.
Dahl. Gunnar. 130 N. Ridgeland-av. : July 9.
Daniels. Edward, 719 W. Congress-st.; Oct. 6.
Daniels, Frank, Highland Park; July 3.
Danielson, Joseph, 4315 North Central Pa<-k
avenue: July 19.
Darche. Capt. H. A. (chaplain), Notre Dame
church. Chicago: June 24.
Davidoff. Bernard, 1412 South St. Louis ave-
nue; June 22.
Davies. John R., 833 Windsor-av.: Sept. 10.
Davis. Benjamin S.. 2048 Park-av. : Nov. 10.
D'Avolio, Guerrini. 1110 S. Morgan-st.: Aug. 1.
Dax. Frank J., 2230 N. Halsted-st.: Aug. 9.
Dean. Lieut. Charles A.. 5809 West Ohio
street: July 8.
Decowski, Edward, 1706 West Superior street:
Nov. 26.
DeHaven. Sergt. Walter. 160 North Long ave-
nue: Nov. 12.
Deiley. Capt. Paul C.. 1754 North Western
avenue : Nov. 7.
Delihant, Sergt. Leslie E., 5820 Race avenue;
Nov. 12.
Dempsey, Bruno S., 6448 South Sangamon
street: Sept. 27.
Dempsey. Harry. 443 S. Clark-st.: Nov. 8.
Deasey. Hubert A.. 5493 Ellis-av.: Oct. 12.
DeRoo, Floyd. 2631 W. Lake-st.: June 19.
DeVaney, Lieut. Frank, 724 Roscoe street:
Aug. 9
Dickey, George, 6203 Princeton -a v. : Nov. 15.
Dieball, Corp. Arthur, 2911 North Washtenaw
avenue: July 28.
Dieterle, Michael, 1620 Orchard-st.: Nov. 13.
Dingle, William, Oak Park; June 18.
Dobinski. Sylvester, 8809 Houston avenue:
Nov. 26.
Dodson, Ray R., 4818 Prairie-av.; Oct. 9.
Domiane. Charles, 1008 Cambridge avenue;
Nov. 19.
Dorion, Charles, 2937 West Van Buren street:
Nov. 19.
Doris, Max, 1501 Greenleaf avenue. Evanston;
Aug. 27.
Dougherty. Edward D., 5624 South Halsted
street; Sept. 25.
Dowdle. Corp. William L., 1739 West Adams
street: July 11.
Drabek, Jerry, 2536 South 58th street, Cic-
ero: Sept. 10.
Drisch, Bugler Edward S.. 2232 South Lawn-
dale avenue: Nov. 7.
Dublis. Frank D.. Summit: Oct. 14.
Duda. Sergt. Walter F., 1715 North Winches-
ter avenue: June 29.
Duffy. Edward. 233 N. Fairfleld-av. ; Oct. 29.
Duffy, Peter J., 3915 Altgeld-st.: Nov. 21.
Duggan, Harold H., 3737 Herndon-st.: Nov.7.
Duncan, Lieut. James M.. 922 Fullerton ave-
nue: Aug. 5.
Dunlavy, Frank O., 5142 Parkside avenue:
Sept. 17.
Dunne. James. 2154 W. Coulter-st. : Oct. 27.
Durand. Lieut. Elliott. 5712 Harper avenue;
Oct. 30.
Eagle, Corp. Clarence E.. 3007 West 63d
street; Sept. 21.
Eames, Raymond B.. Oak Park; July 12.
Eddy, Charles L.. 1942 W. 102d-st.; Aug. 22.
Eisenberg, David, 3137 Carlisle place ; Nov. 14.
Ely, Lieut. Dinsmore, Winnetka: April 21.
Erdman, Sergt. Rudolph. 2431 North Racine
avenue: Nov. 5.
Essenbacher, John, 1741 W. Huron-st.: Nov. 19.
Ewing, A. W.. 4900 Lexington street; July 20.
Fairfax, Francis L., 8515 South Morgan
street: Sept. 30.
Fardy James D., 101 S. Mason-st.: Sept. 26.
Felt. Ivan L.. 6124 University-av. ; Oct. 17.
Feniter. John J.. 4091 S. Wells-st.: Oct. 14.
Ferrity. J. J., 4091 S. Wells-st.: Nov. 15.
Fetscher, Valentine. 1101 Michigan avenue;
Oct. 19.
Field, Arthur B.. 3525 Drake-av.: Nov. 19.
Fig-enbaum. Donald L.. Harvey; July 17.
Fillici. Fiori, 9370 Anthony avenue. South
Chicago: Oct. 9.
Finerty, Thomas A.. 1112 Clark street, Evans-
ton: Sept. 3.
Fisher, Richard A.. 3318 Crystal-st.; Nov. 20.
Fitzner. Paul, 2227 Fletcher street: Nov. 5.
Flansburg, Lieut. Robert H.: June 26.
Florian, Otto J., 2451 S. Turner-av. ; Nov. 12.
Fogelstad. Elmer, 3745 Palmer-st.: July 5.
Folten, Corp. John. 2612 Cortez-st. ; Nov. 16.
Fontana. F., 734 East 104th street: Sept. 28.
Foster. Guy O.. 6527 Evans-av.; Oct. 19.
Fox. Corp. Frederick H.. 418 West 67th
place: July 25.
Fratacis, Bugler Charles H.. 516 East 61st
street: Aug. 9.
Francisco. Alfred T., Wilmette: June 8.
Frank. Samuel. 2636 W. Monroe-st.; June 22.
Franz, Edwin R.. 5831 Calumet-av.: Oct. 14.
Froehde. Julius O., 4412 N. Robey-st. : Oct. 11.
Fuller. Lieut. Roswell H . Winnetka: Sept. 29.
Fulton, Corp. Lawrence, D., 6604 South Hal-
sted street: Nov. 15.
Fustos, Joseph, 11922 Eggrleston-av.: Nov. 25.
Gadbois, Edward J.. 1813 North Tripp ave-
nue: Aug. 12.
Gall, Paul W.. Dolton: July 3.
Gambrill, Glenn E.. 334 E. 56th-st; Nov. 13.
Ganski, Eggi, 1449 W. 17th-st: July 22.
Gansloser. Frank A., 4724 West Monroe
street: Oct. 14.
Geary, Edward U., 1911 Sedgwick-st. : Nov. 9.
Gerdin. Lieut. Andrew J.. 3823 Alta Vista ter-
race: Oct. 27.
Gardner, Vernon: Ju.ie 27.
Geisert. Victor J.. 714 W. 59th-st.; July 13
838
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
Gelombicki, Jacob. 3454 South Morgan street;
Nov. 26.
Georgre, Mike, 738 West 51st street: Augr. 27.
Gerke. Walter. 6346 Greenwood-av. : Sept. 28.
Gilliland, Floyd W.. 840 Butler-st.; July 15.
Goettler. Lieut. Harold, 4630 Dover-st. : Oct. 6.
Goddiried, Frank. 1648 S. Throop-st .: Nov. 23.
Golden, Hugh A., 3115 Arthington-st. : Sept. 5.
Gordon. Philip; correct street address not
given; July 22.
Groark, Thomas, 3810 Grand-blvd.: Nov. 19.
Gould, Lieut. Melville. 544 East 51st street;
Nov. 23.
Grace. Georgre, 904 Townsend street: Oct. 13.
Graves, William. 1448 W. llth-pl.: Augr. 28.
Greco. Joseph, 505 S. Campbell-av. : OcJ. 26.
Greenwood, Ernest, Maywood: Oct. 26.
Grib. Corp. Stephen P., 4014 Montgomery
avenue: July 23.
Gross, Lieut. Harry A., Jr., 1019 Randolph
street. Oak Park; Sept. 8.
Grossman, Corp. Homer, 1133 Columbia ave-
nue: June 11.
Guido, Fred. 1452 Komensky-st.: Sept. 5.
Gulbrandsen, Lieut. William, 2212 North Key-
stone avenue: Nov. 18.
Gundelach.- Andre H., 1819 West 39th street;
Sept. 12.
Gustafson, Lieut. Georgre P., 944 North Park-
side avenue: -June 18.
Hackett, Lieut. Harry E.. 1415 East 47th
street : Aug. 25.
Hahn. Walter, 1040 W. 32d-pl.: Sept. 17.
Hahney, Corp. Henry. 6977 Anthony avenue;
Oct. 9.
Hain. Edwin, 1714 Fletcher street; Oct. 15.
Halecki. Frank, 9322 University-av. ; Nov. 16.
Hall. George W.. 5709 W. Giddings-st.: Oct. 21.
Hall. Lieut. Gordon, 11 W. Walton-pi.: Sept. 18.
Halper. Corp. Seth J.. 1511 South Harvey ave-
nue. Oak Park: Sept. 25.
Halvorsen, Henry O., 4345 McLean avenue'.
July 13.
Hankow, Henry, 7718 Keeler-av.: July 3.
Hannah, Elmer E.. 1716 Leland-av.- Nov. 23.
Hansen, Corp. Oscar R.. 1054 North Cali-
fornia avenue: Nov. 24.
Hanus, Corp. John, 1338 W. 18th-pl.; Oct. 11.
Hardies, William A.. 2231 Cortez-st.: Nov. 26.
Harles. George. 7401 Parkhurst-av. : Nov. 26.
Harris, Edward. 1825 South St. Louis avenue:
Aug. 12.
Hart. Frank, 1720 West Madison-st.; Oct. 24.
Hassewer, Rudolph, 4716 Dorchester avenue:
Aug. 9.
Haunstrup. Corporal Holger, Jr., 4058 Wave-
land avenue: Nev. 19.
Hayden, Corp. William W., 6519 Wilcox
street: Nov. 8.
Hellman. Fred W.. 4032 Greenview avenue:
Sept. 30.
Henn. Peter N., 3843 North Claremont ave-
nue: Nov. 12.
Henshaw, Corp. Willis. 1850 North Richmond
street; Nov. 16.
Hereley. Emmett C., 2836 Indiana-av. : Nov. 3.
Heap. Harold, Joliet: July 4.
Hefferan. Lieut. Thomas, 6631 Harvard ave-
nue: Sept. 17.
Heller, Lieut. Mark E., 808 Elmwood avenue;
Sept. 14.
Hellgren, Corp. Martin, 9025 South Throop
street; July 31.
Herben, Henry G., 1427 Central-av .• Nov. 21.
Hereden, Eruch, 4699 Hanson-av. : Nov. 25.
Herman. Mathew A.. 2742 Southport avenue;
Oct. 19.
Heur, Edward L.. 1300 N. Kedzie-av. : Oct. 13.
Hickey, Edward F.. 7346 S. Morgan-st. : Oct. 6.
Hill, Richard, 3114 Moflatt street: Nov. 9.
Hioupe. Stanley, 2245 Soflth CHIton Park
avenue: Aug. 7.
Hipsman, Anton. 1905 6th-st.. Cicero: Oct. 21.
Hirchert. Edward C., 3215 W. 23d-st.: Nov. 16.
Hochstrasser, George. 12" 3 South 5th avenue,
Maywood: Oct. 1.
Hoff. Walter A. O.. 2513 Burling-st.: Oct. 29.
Hofferrica. John, 2310 S. Robey-st.: Aug. 5.
Hoffman, Charles V.. 3359 Warren-av. ; Oct. 15.
Hogan. John J., 2730 W. Polk-st.: July 4.
Hollingsworth, Lieut. Frank E.. 1057 Balmo-
ral avenue; Oct. 30.
Howard. Lieut. Herbert W., 6448 Yale ave-
nue; Nov. 12.
Howe. Bernard J.. 6943 S. Laflin-st.: Oct. 27.
Hubick, Henry J., 322 North Washtenaw ave-
nue: Sept. 18.
Hughes. Sergt. Edward A.. 218 North Oakley
avenue: Nov. 16.
Hughes, Frank. 3800 Wallace-st.; Nov. 22.
Hughes, Sergt. John R.. 3905 West 14th
street: Nov. 9.
Hutchins. Creighton McVean, 2153 West Jack-
son boulevard: Sept. 21.
Hyde. Sergt. Allen K., 1446 Jarvis avenue:
Aug. 27.
Inman, Arthur J., 1107 Massasoit-av. ; Aug. 27.
Jacobson, Nels N.. 3135 Edgewood avenue;
Sept. 21.
Jancius, Joseph. 4147 South Campbell ave-
nue : Nov. 9.
Janeck. Joseph, 1422 Dickson street; Nov. 9.
Janiszewski. Corp. John V.. 2028 Thomas
street; Sept. 25.
Jankowski, Sergt. Jan, 4524 Fulton street:
Nov. 26.
Jauch, Howard W.. 1129 South Euclid avenue.
Oak Park: Sept. 5.
Jaworsky, Nikolay. 922 North Lincoln street:
June 14.
Jedynak, Andrew P.. 1338 Crittenden street:
Sept. 29.
Jendrosrak. Steve, 1215 Fry street; Aug. 3.
Jensen, Harry W.. 3629 Palmer-st.; Nov. 13.
Jensen, Lieut. Louis B., 6130 South Laflin
street; Nov. 25.
Johnson. Corp. David A., 7311 Cottage Grove
avenue: June 28.
Johnson. Emil H., 1720 North Maplewood ave-
nue: Oct. 29.
Johnson, Sergt. Walter E.. 4153 Crystal street;
Nov. 8.
Jones. Lieut. Eugene B., Wilmette: Sept. 13.
Kahn, George, 514 N. TroV-st.: Aug. 22.
Kakacizynski. Alexander J., 1430 Emma
street ; Nov. 9.
Kales. Gust. 3208 Wall street: June 10.
Kapschull, Wm. M.. 2231 W. 21st-st.; Sept. 26.
Karabatsos. Tom. 728 S. Halsted-st.: Oct. 13.
Karthelser. Corp. William N., 4704 Mag-
nolia avenue- Nov. 25.
Kasper, Joe, 115 Bunker street; June 25.
Kater. George V., 3444 W. North-av.: Sept. 26.
Keachie, Corp. Edwin S., 7142 Parnell ave-
nue: Nov. 18.
Keane, William F., 1145 W. 61st-st.; Nov. 25.
Keep, Capt. Henry Blair. 1200 Lake Shore
drive: Oct. 5.
Keil. Charles L.. 5404 Justine-st.: Sept. 21.
Keiser, Lieut. Harry M., 242 West 73d street:
Sept. 4.
Keller. Harry L., South Chicago; July 29.
Kelley. John M.: Oct. 3.
Kellum. Charles S., Ill Home avenue. Oak
Park: July 30.
Kelly. Joseph, 1733 May street: Sept. 6.
Kelly. Patrick J.. 2318 S. Oakley -av.: Sept. 26.
Kendall, Walter R.. 936 Irving Park boule-
vard: Oct. 5.
Kendrick. Bugler P. J.. 6816 Olcott avenue:
Nov. 4.
Kerscht. Adam B.. Niles Center: June 18.
Kerze, John, 1621 W. Division street: Oct. 6.
Kester. Capt. Thomas P., 217 South Harvey
avenue. Oak Park; Aug. 23.
Ketteving. Corp. James B.. 1463 Berwyn ave-
nue; Sept. 27.
Kindelan. Thomp^. 105 S. LaSalle-st.: Nov. 26.
Kirk. Rober* v.. 1019 North Dearborn street:
July 15.
Kirchner. Sergt. Roy F., 29 South Aberdeen
street: Nov. 6.
Klimowecz. Edward. 700 E. 92d-pl.: Sept. 11.
Klonder. Walter, 1622 North Marshfield ave-
nue; Sept. 18.
Klopp. Herman C.. 431 Broadway, Blue Island;
Nov. 11.
Klopp. Peter J.. 1129 Felton court: Oct. 6.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
839
Knoess. Edwin G., 2102 Morse-av. : Nov. 10.
Knoll. William C., 851 North Fail-field avenue:
Aug. 4.
Koelstra, Samuel. 325 W. 104th-pl.; Oct. 1.
Kohoska, Michael, 2122 W. 18th-pl. ; AUG. 11.
Kohoszka. Paul, 2069 N. Long-av.; July 11.
Kolar. Corp. Gust, 1701 W. 18th-pl.: July 23.
Kolin. Einil A.. 6511 Ashland-av.: Nov. 17.
Komski. William, 1820 W. 46th-st.; Oct. 2.
Kooi, William P.. Dolton. 111.: July 29.
Kopanski, Fred, 2150 W. 13th-st. ; July 3.
Korekcek, Frank. 1518 W. 18th-st.: Aug. 21.
Korsysko, George, 8419 Brandon-av.; Nov. 4.
Krak, Joseph, Gary, Ind. : Oct. 5.
Krai, Sergt. Charles J., 1927 South May street;
Nov. 14.
Krengel, Irvine H., Elgin: Oct. 22.
Kreug-er, Charles. 1501 Dayton-st.; Nov. 6.
Kucera, Corp. Jerome E.. 1152 West 61st
Kueoss. ' Edwin "G!. 2102 Morse-av.: Nov. 8.
Kwiatkowski. Joseph, 10406 100th avenue.
South Chicago: Oct. 13.
LaJeunesse, Henry. 331 N. Axistin-av. : Oct. 14.
Lamberti, William R., 3351 North Troy
street; Oct. 12.
Lament, Corp. John F., 2713 Jackson-blvd.
Langley, Con)., 1953 Iowa-st.: Nov. 23.
Larma. Floyd M.. 2536 Wabash-av.: Oct. 6.
Larson, Clarence A., Lemont: June 27.
Larson, John S., 1202 E. 55th-st. ; May 23.
Laskowski, Frank I,., 861 N. May-st.: Sept. 26.
Lawrence. Lieut. Edgar A., 2461 Lincoln ave-
nue: June 4.
Leblanc, Corp. Napoleon J.. 3252 Franklin
boulevard: July 3.
Ledecki, Otto, 1528 W. 20th-st.: Sept. 21.
Lee, Sergt. Georg-e W., 4517 Wallace street;
Nov. 24.
Lee. Henry V.. 2137 Sedarwick-st.: Nov. 9.
Lee. Lieut. John C., 5437 Kenmore avenue:
Aug-. 24.
Lee, Wilfred, 2636 S. Karlov-av.: Sept. 17.
Lehman. Kerlin L., 1418 Bryn Mawr avenue:
Aug-. 5.
Leitner. Anton L., 2340 S. Troy-st.: Aug-. 5.
Levinsky. Samuel. 3437 W. 13th-pl.; Nov. 18.
Levinson, Louis: Aug. 4.
Lewandowski, Frank, 4728 Seeley-av. : May 23.
Willis. Frank P., 4345 Grenshaw-st. : Oct. 14.
Lindgren. Fred V., 4201 Oakenwald avenue;
Oct. 3.
Linn, Chaplain John L., 7731 Marshfleld ave-
nue: Oct. 19.
Linton. John Dennis. 3520 W. 60th place;
April 28.
Liquorish. Edward, 2317 Cambridge avenue;
Oct. 19.
Lisewski, Casmir, 2146 Haddon-av. : Oct. 2.
Lisiecki, Joseph, 3126 South Winchester ave-
nue: Nov. 14.
Lizdas. Martin, Waukegan; June 6.
Long-. Sergt. Tim, 343 W. 65th-st.; June 1.
Lovett. Lieut. Robert M.. 1718 East 56th
street : July 23.
Lowen. Capt. Jesse. 4866 Broadway: June 22.
Lubeck, Tony. 1218 Cleaver street; June 28.
Lubiewski, Anthony: June 27.
Lukasiask, Gus, 5004 Justine-st. : Oct. 2.
Lulay. Frank J., 815 N. Avers-av.: Sept. 3.0.
Lulewicz. Alexander. 22 42d-st.: Nov. 13.
Luksha. William,1428 Erie-st.: Nov. 25.
Lundell. Anton W., 9717 Avenue M., South
Chicago: May 23.
I.undy. Serpt. Charles D.. 3158 Jackson boule-
vard: Nov. 26.
Luther, Olin C., 6208 Eberhart-av. : Oct. 14.
Lynch. John E.. 1335 North Dearborn street:
Sept. 12.
Lyng. Alfred, 1440 N. Larrabee-st.: July 24.
Lynch. John J., 6646 South Sangamon street;
Oct. 7.
Magmske, Sergt. T.. 3513 Mplrose-st.: June 18.
Malinowski. Alex., 8710 Buff;ilo-av.: Oct. 27
Maly, Corp. William, 1918 S. Loeffler-ct.: Oct.9
Malzahn. Conrad G., 4023 Kamerling avenue:
June 22.
Mang-uso. James. 1162 W. Erie-st.: Nov. 24.
Mniin. Willard, 4131 N. Lawndale-av. : Oct. 5.
Marchant. Lieut. John. 618 Fair Oaks-av..
Oak Park; Nov. 6.
Marchie. Tony, 3208 Wall-st.: July 3.
Marchlewski, F., 1441 Eureka-st.: Aug. 27.
Marckie. Tonie. 4522 Marshfleld-av. : June 22.
Marinie. Charlie, 3110 Cottage Grove-av. ;
Sept. 10.
Martensen. Irwin, Anchor, 111.; June 15.
Marvan, James. 2636 Luther-st.; Nov. 20.
Mateuszyk, John, 3325 Fisk-st.: Aug. 20.
Mayer, Sergt. Charles H.. 4425 N. Kimball-av.:
July 3.
Mayo. Albert H., 640 S. Scoville-av. ; Oak
Park; Nov. 16.
Mayulers, Joseph. June 27.
Mazzali. John, 332 W. Chicago-av.; Nov. 20.
McAllister, Harry E., Hinsdale, 111.: July 29.
McAndrew. Sergt. Edward W., 4751 W. Austin-
av.: Nov. 3.
McAvoy, Joseph L., 3048 E. 79th-pl.: June 20.
McCarthy, Sergt. James J., 1922 N. Wash-
tenaw-av.; Sept. 11.
McCormack, Corp. Thomas. 1314 W. Congress-
st.. Oct. 19.
McCormick, Lieut. Alexander A., aviator, 5816
Blackstone-av.: Sept. 24.
McCurdy. Elwood, 717 Belden-av.: Nov. 21.
McCullaugh. Lieut. LeRoy A., 4744 Sheridan-
rd.: Nov. 16.
McCutcheon, Clifford, 2444 Aubert-av. : Nov. 24
McCutcheon, Sergt. Ivan, 2646 Washington-
bd. : Aug. 22.
McGlone, Felix W.: Aug. 26.
McGrath, James, 1910 Hoyne-av.: Oct. 21.
McGraw, Thomas, 4805 Marshfield-av.: Nov.
18.
McGraw, Thomas Fuancis, 5016 Calumet-av.:
Nov. 14.
McKinlock, Lieut. George A., Lakf Forest:
Nov. 20.
McLaughlin, Capt. R. H., 5609 Woodlawn-av. :
Nov. 8.
McQuaid. Lieut. Arthur F., 5417 Drexel-bd.;
Nov. 15.
McShane. Sergt.-Mai. John J., 1229 E. 46th-
st.: Nov. 1.
Mee, Jeremiah, 1200 Lake Shore drive; Nov.
15.
Melnichuk, S.. 632 O'Brien-st.: Sept. 7.
Messina, Joseph, Kankakee: July 26.
Meyer, Corp. Bernard A., 2443 Berteau ave-
nue: »ov. 20.
Meyer, Sergt. Charles H., 4318 N. Sawyer-av.:
June 21.
Meyer, Corp. Henry, 2822 North Sacramento
avenue: Nov. 19.
Miecznikowski, Frank. 8706 Exchange-av.,
South Chicago: Oct. 13.
Mier. Carl B.. 266 Cleveland-av., Batavia:
Oct. 12.
Milkowski. John. 3627 Oakdale-av.: Nov. 15.
Millay, Sergt. Jack L., 157 N. Lamon-av.;
Nov. 18.
Miller, George F., 3030 South Komensky ave-
nue; Nov-. 23.
Miller, Corp. Walter C., 4737 West North
avenue: Nov. 24.
Milloy, Sergt. Jack L.. 157 North Lamon ave-
nue; ; Nov. 20.
Miozi. Ignazio, 655 Vedder-st.: Nov. 16.
Misciewicz. Z.. 166 Milwaukee-av. : Nov. 16.
Minor. Sergt. James C.. 15 West 26th place:
Nov. 24.
Moran. Corp. Joe A., 2143 Humboldt-bd.:
Sept. 11.
Needel, Raymond T., 5837 Forrestville-av.:
Sept. 24.
Nelson, Edward H., 2010 W Ohio-st.; Aug. 9.
Nelson, Harry T.. 3914 Montrose-av. ; Nov. 13.
Nerad, Anton, 1910 S. Loomis-st.; Nov. 7.
Nevara, Sergt. Joseph. 3052 South St. Louis
avenue: Nov. 26.
Newman. Edward J.. R843 Ada-st.; Oct. 18.
Niczyporek. Joseph. 2840 Lowell-av.; Aug. 29.
Noonan, John, 5249 Princeton-av. ; Sept. 26,
Noone. John, 4451 Lowe-av.: Sept. 26.
Notardonado. Louis. 448 N. Curtis-st.: Nov. 18.
Obolewicz. Michael. 1542 Wabansia avenue:
Nov. 26.
840
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
O'Connell, Corp. Emmett P., 4140 Taylor-st.;
Oct. 23.
O'Connell. Patrick W.. 169 North Curtis street;
Nov. 22.
O'Connor, Corp. John C.. 2626 S. Wells-st.:
Nov. 9.
Oepen, Ralph, 746 N. Trumbull-av.; Sept. 12.
Ofteclahl, Norman E., 3557 W. Chicago-av.;
Sept. 18.
Oldstrom. Arthur H.. 5037 N. Sawyer-av.:
July 30.
Oles, Steve, 2019 W. 19th-st.; Nov. 9.
Olesch, Charles G., 192V W. 23d-st.; Nov. 11.
O'Laughlin, Alphonso J., 612 W. Marquette-
rd.; Oct. 29.
O'Neill, Arthur C.; Nov. 5.
Orr, Logan G., 421 Wright wood- av.; Aug. 23.
Osborne, Wheedon E., 4427 N. Racine-av.;
July 11.
Osborne, William M., 210 E. 78th-pl.; Sept. 2.
Ostrowski. Sergt. Stanley C.. 2236 Sacra-
mento-av.; July 2.
Oszuscik, George, 1623 N. Hermit age- av.:
Nov. 17.
Otto, Corp. William, 2121 Addison-st.; July
30.
Owsiany. Casmir. 823 Kostner-av.: Sept. 26.
Pagers, Alfred, 2504 Thomas-st.; Oct. 2.
Pankow, Henry, 2718 S. Keeler-av.: July 3.
Panozza. Domenic, Kankakee. 111.: July 31.
Papas, John, 1734 W. Division-st. : Sept. 25.
Papovasilupos. James. 1824 W. Harrison-st. :
July 4.
Pargawvski, Tony. 821 W. 33d-st.; Oct. 6.
Partner, Barnet, 1322 S. Lawndale-av. ; Sept.
23
Pask'e, Lawrence H., 2427 N. Maplewood-av. ;
Nov. .12. .
Passow, William F., 7263 Rogers-av.; Nov.
15.
Patrick, Frank,; Nov. 10.
Pawloski, Frank. 3141 N. St. Louis-av.;
Nov. 9.
Peo. Emil A., 2436 Surrey -ct.: Nov. 12.
Perrottet. LaVerne W.. Wheaton, 111.; July 9.
Peterka, Joseph J.. 5504 W. 24th-pl.; Nov. 18.
Peters. Erwin A.. £638 Jackson-blvd.; Nov. 23.
Peters, Corp. Louis, 1642 Julian-st.; July 3.
Peterson, Arthur H., 1918 Foster-av.; Oct. 12.
Peterson, Corp. Louis, 1849 W. Chicago-av.;
June 14.
Peterson. Lieut. William C., North Crystal
lake; July 10.
Petroski, John, 1444 S. Jeflerson-st.; Oct. 10.
Phillip, Edward, 2136 Haddon-av.; Sept 18.
Phillips, Edgar B., 4726 Indiana-av. ; .Nov. 16.
Pickartz, Walter B., 1304 Nelson-st.; July 11.
Piehski, Anton, 2018 W. 18th-st.; Oct. 28.
Pierson, Walter E., 1637 Catalpa-av.; Aug. 5.
Picrucce. Joseph. 1367 Fulton-st. ; Nov. 4.
Pische, Stanley, 209 Mayfield-av.; Nov. 16.
Platt. Louis, 451 E. 45th-st.; Nov. 16.
Poague, Lieut. Walter S., 5100 Kimbark-av.;
Nov. 8.
Posedal, John J., Downer» Grove.; June 18.
Potampa, Frank B.. 2712 South Kildare ave-
nue: Nov. 24.
Powers, John J., 5416 Indiana-av.; Aug. 30.
Prchal, William, 2012 S. Throop-st.; July 9.
Probert, Francis, 312 S. Whipple-st.; Sept. 26.
Preston, Lieut. Raymond, 4406 Calumet-av.;
Sept. 14.
Priddy, Lieut. Welborn S., 1650 E. 53d-st.;
June 7.
Pudlke, Felix, 3227 South Fisk-st.; Nov. 23.
Purdon. Sergt. James A., 3159 Washington
boulevard: Nov. 20.
Queenan, Joseph P.. 6832 Yale-av.; Nov. 12.
Quilter. James J.. 3336 Walnut-st.: June 13.
Ramires, Joseph C., 42 W. 38th-st.; Oct. 13.
Randell, Edward C., 6139 Aberdeen-st.; Sept.
19.
Raymond, Corp. Jack D., care Armour & Co.;
Nov. 14.
Reeves, Edward R., 702 Sheridan-rd.; Nov. 12.
Reichard, Wilbur L., 310 W. 65th-st.; Sept.
21
Reichlinp. Nick, 5316 S. Talman-av.; July 3.
Reid, Willard, 1455 W. 55th-st.; Aug. 18.
Regan, Corp. Thomas, 6843 Laflin-st.; Oct. 13.
Renault, Giorgio, sculptor, Oct. 10.
Remuger, Arnold S., 2856 N. Rockwell-st.;
July 4.
Reyfelts, Charles P., 7435 Champlain-av. ; Oct.
17.
Reynolds, Steward, 5216 S. Wells-st.; Aug. 11.
R;eschl. George R., 1205 Warren-av.; Nov. 25.
Riffle. Lloyd H.. 2116 Belle Plaine-av.; Sept.
10.
Rindslish, Corp. Elmer L., 7345 Clayton-ct.;
Sept. 30.
Ring, Louis. 858 Fletcher-st. ; Sept. 10.
Rivet. Maj. James Douglas, 226 S. Grove-av..
Oak Park; Nov. 14.
Robacek, Sergt. Martin J., 4922 W. Monroe-
st.; July 18.
Robinson, Sergt. Franklin S., 11 Honore-st.;
Nov. 3.
Rochford, Corp. William F., 3119 S. Komen-
sky-av. ; Aug. 19.
Rodalski, John, 3339 S. Mosspratt-st.: Aug. 8.
Rodalski, Thomas. 1720 W. 22d-st.; July 24.
Rosenstretter, William R., 3446 Evergreen-av.;
Sept. 17.
Rosequist, Lieut. Carl O., 1914 Jackson-bd.;
July 3.
Roskowski, John, 1443 Augusta-st.; Oct. 16.
Ross, Clarence J., 1961 Lincoln-av.; Sept. 7.
Ross, James, 1108 S. Racine-av.; Sept. 13.
Rottenberg, Samuel, 1722 Flournoy-st. ; Sept.
25.
Ruhnke, Leslie C., 344 S. Kostner-av.; June
26.
Rubenstein, Corp. Sam, 925 N. Mozart-st.;
Oct. 2.
Rumbaugh, George H.. 3753 Byron-st.; Sept.
18.
Rupnik, Adolf o. 4344 S. Hunter-av.; Nov. 23.
Sackett, Capt. George W.. 414 Forest avenue.
Oak Park: Oct. 15.
Saftore, Thomas, 3723 S. St»te-st. ; Nov. 10.
Sajnaj, Michael, 2816 W. 23d-st.; Aug. 18.
Sammler, L. J., 1622 Mohawk-st.; Sept. 27.
Sandier. Philip, 1429 S. St. Louis-av.: Nov. 9.
Sandstrom, Carl E., 7353 Eberhart-av. ; Oct.
26.
Sandy, William J., Lake Forest: Oct. 27.
Sannes, Edward M., 2051 Birch wood-av.;
Nov. 8.
Sasek, James, 1831 S. Laflin-st. ; Sept. 18.
Sazma, Vincent, 4912 S. Honore-st.; Aug. 4.
Scalzitti, John C.. 2426 N. Tripp-av.; Nov. 17.
Scarritt. Patrick, 2231 Ford-av.: Nov. 25.
Schack, Thomas. 1509 Fry -St.: Oct. 3.
Schaflein, Christian W., 6240 S. Aberdeen-
st. ; Sept. 18.
Schaffner. Clifford L.. 5031 Michigan- av.; Oct.
28.
Scheffler, Joseph, Sept. 6.
Schlinski, Joseph, 4356 S. Wood-st.; Nov. 5.
Schmidt, Leslie H., 1239 Winona-av.; July 19.
Schmidt. Paul B., 5431 S. May-st.; Nov. 18.
Schneider, Corp. Harold M., 6422 Kimbark-
av. ; Nov. 14.
Schulkin, David. 1S34 W. Taylor-st.; Nov. 23.
Schultz, Charles. 830 Noble-st.; Oct. 27.
Schultz, Charles F.. 1657 Melrose-st.; Oct. 10.
Schultz, Frank. 853 N. Wood-st. : Aug. 3.
Schultze, R. Walter, 2254 N. Lawndale-av.;
Sept. 13.
Sehwenkler, Peter P., 2253 Fullerton-av. ;
Oct 2
Sears. Sergt. Earl I., 2654 N. Racine-av.;
Nov. 4.
Sedlock. George. 1416 Kostner-av.; Augr. 27.
Selle, Herbert. 5242 W. Quincy-st.: Sept. 28.
Sells, Charles H.. 749 Parnell-av.; Sept. 19.
Sendebry, Sergt. Ben, 2022 S. Leavitt-st.;
Nov. 16.
Sercomb. Capt. Albert A., 5 N. Wabash-av.:
Nov 11.
Seskarski, Corp. William J.. 1530 W. Supe-
rior-st.; Sept. 17
Shimko, Demosthenes. 2626 Evergreen-av. ;
Shelton. John H.. 2740 W. Lake-st.; Nov. 20.
Sept. 6.
Short. Edward. 2511 Wilcox-st.: Nov. 15.
Shufeldt. Harry C., 7736 Union-av.; Nov. 7.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
841
Shull. Lieut. Laurens C.. Sioux City, Iowa:
Aug-. 15.
Shunowich. John, 730 Barber-st.; Oct. 28.
Siegel. Jacob, 1451 N. Leavitt-st.; Nov. 23.
Sieradi. Xavier, 1735 Wabansia-av.: Nov. 26.
Sikorski. Adam G.. 5126 South Hermitage
avenue; Nov. 24.
Simaitis, Anton, 1504 S. Wells-st.: Nov. 12.
Simons, Abraham D., 1316 Independence-
blvd. ; June 22.
Singleton, Lieut. J. F., Evanston, 111.; died in
France July 5.
Skrabicki, Joseph, 3217 50th-ct.; Nov. 18.
Slonke, Walter, 957 N. Homan-av.; June 21.
Smerlin, Andrew J., 2154 South Western-av.
Smith, Clare, 6939 Indiana-av.; Oct. 16.
Smith, Irving-, 31416 Park-av.; Nov. 4.
Snow, George D., 6341 Eggleston-av. • July 5.
Sobanski. John. 2037 W. 18th-st.; Sept. 19.
Sockel, Frank, 1255 W. 12th-st.: Sept. 11.
Sohrauer, Lieut. Maurice V., 6411 Ellis-av.;
Sept. 26.
Sprague. Ensign William &.. 2745 Hampden
court; Nov. 1.
Srebny, Stanley. 3014 W. 20th-st.; July 25.
Stack. Corp. Fred S.. 23 W. 43d-st.: Sept. 3.
Stanhope, John D.. 38 W. 52d-st.: Nov. 24.
Stanic. F., 1717 S. Jefferson-st. ; Nov. 24.
Stunkowicz. M., 4516 S. Paulina-st.; Aug. 4.
Stankus. Gustave. 4612 S. Western-av.- July 11
Starr. 1st Lieut. Philip C.. Winnetka; Feb. 20.
Stavely. William A.. 933 W. 54th-pl.: Aug. 7.
Steiber. Joseph F.. 4103 W. 22d-st.: Nov. 7.
Stelmach, Andrew. 1509 Tell-st.; Nov. 20.
Stelmazek. Walter. 8347 Mackinaw avenue:
Stevenson.' John. 2535 Warren-av.: June 20.
Stiller. Sergt. Alvin C.. 1019 North Western
Stoil.UUCbrp.UeGeofge A., 620 North Racine
avenue: Nov. 15.
Stone. John A.. 4825 W. Austin-av.: Nov. 15.
ftraka. Joseph. 4231 W. 21st-st.: Oct. 22.
trippi. Steve. 502 Evelyn place. South Chi-
cago: Sept. 13.
Stromberg, David. 8101 Burnham-av. : June 6.
Strutek. John: Ndv. 4.
Sturtevant, Lieut. Frank A.. 412 Wesley ave-
nue. Oak Park: Nov. 20.
Sullivan. James J., 1449 West Marquette road;
Sergt. Stanley F.. 5841 South Arte-
sian avenue: Sept. 24.
. Ji
wenteck, ~Euge~ne, "9142 Ma*ckinaw-av. ; Oct. 9.
SutherlandTSergty James. 728 W. 51st street:
Nov. 2Q.
Swanson. Otto E.. 6346 Inerleside-av. : Aiig
Swiit. Bugler Frank B.. 664 Circle avenue.
Forest Park: Sept. 21. '
Taggart, David A., Oak Park.; June 12.
avenue * Nov 16
Tenka. Frank G.. 4805 South Winchester ave-
Terman. Samuel M.. 1214 North Oakley ave-
HUG * Oct 24
Teutohes. Carl J.. East Chicago. Ind. : July 24.
Thomas. Walter E.. 314 South Euclid avenue.
Thon Co?p.: David ^,.. 624 North Humphrey
avenue. Oak Park: July 9.
Tidball. Lieut. Zan Linn. Jr.. 7336 Yates ave-
niif * Nov il
Tigan. Lieut. Walter, Rochelle: Aug. 24.
Timmons. Lieut. Carl H.. 6480 University ave-
Tomaka George! 8810 Houston-av.: June 29.
Toon. George W.. 1415 E. 61st-pl.: Nov. 2.
Topinka. 2734 South Avers-ay. : July 3.
Totterdell. George A.. 639 Wellington avenue;
Nov. 13.
Tracy. Frank. 1716 W. 35th-st.; Nov. 6.
Treacy. Timothy F.. Oct. 30.
Treadman. William. 743 South Desplames
street: July 26.
Turngren. Gustave A.. 5710 South Morgan
street: Aug. 23.
Urban. William. 2057 Evergreen-av. : Nov. 2.
Urbanski. Joseph A.. Niles: July 26.
Utnik. Jacob T.. 5529 Broadway; Nov. 13.
Vail. Corp. George W.: Sept. 4.
Vandegarde, Corporal Joseph; Oct. 14.
Vanerorkon. Corporal Francis W.. 010 East
35th street: Sept. 23.
Vaahecke, Edward, 627 W. 28th-pl.; Sept. 1.
Van Sandt. William. Harvey: Sept. 10.
Vaugrhan, Corp. Hazen A., Oak Park; Aug. 8
Vavrosky. Robert. 3025 South Springfield ave-
nue; June 30.
esatree't-'I^uly'l5dWard J" 39 S°uth LaSalle
Velle, Harry. 928* Lawrence-av. : July 3
Verbiscar, Corporal Louis, 2111 Coulter street-
Oct. 19.
Vesely. Bohuvil. 4830 Cottage Grove avenue:
Oct. 4.
Vidal. Arthur. 831 N. St. Louis-av.- Aug 3.
VNov F34ederick G- 155 East Ontario street;
Vodicka, George. 1033 N. Mozart-av.: Sept 20
Vogrt. Joseph P., 2033 Throop-st.; Nov 24
Vogt, Sergt. Robert H.. 4118 Broadway;
Nov. 12.
Vordalos Aristo S.. 2717 Calumet avenue:
Nov. 15.
Votaw, Corp. Howard R.. 7433 Indiana ave-
nue; Oct. 3.
Vuvic. Jerry. 5233 S. Albany -av.: July 21.
venue-Wjmij?IlOJ" 36°8 South Marshfield
Wallace, Henry R.'. 1807 North Mozart street:
Wallace, Sergt. Royce V.. 2317 North Heeler
avenue: Nov. 17.
Walsh, Corporal James A., 520 Laramie ave-
nue; Aug. 6.
Walters, R.. 3812 Michisran-av.: July 22
Warburton, Gregory, b'423 South Oakley ave-
nue: Sept. 24.
Ward. Sergt. Oliver G.. 513 Fullerton parkway;
Oct. 8.
Warsawsky, Srool B.. 1405 South Harding ave-
nue: Oct. 17.
Washa, Michael. 1320 S. Tripp-av.: Nov. 15.
Weaver, Ralph, 1017 Townsend-st.: Nov. 26.
Wegner. William E.. 3308 North Oakley ave-
nue: Oct. 15.
Weiberg. Corp. Fred. 1732 Farragut avenue:
Oct. 2.
Wendel, 25 North Lorel avenue: July 11.
Wesolowski, Jozel. 2244 Lincoln-av.: Aug. 26.
West Lieut. George O.. 4072 Sheridan road:
West. Ralph: Aug. 26.
Whately James T.. 3821 Wentworth avenue:
White. Nathaniel C.. 2638 Dearborn avenue:
Oct. 19.
Whitson. Corp. Lester O., Edison Park; Oct.
25.
Wiclacz. Barney. 1415 Dickson-st.: Sept. 22.
Wier, James P.. 4358 Vineennes-av. : Aug. 7.
Wierzbicki. John J.. 2341 Albaar-av.: Nov. 16.
Witter, Bugler Ernest. 3147 West Monroe
street: Oct. 27.
Wilhelm, Howard J.: Nov. 7.
Willert, Sergt. Walter W.. 1939 Addison street :
July 29.
Williams, Corp. John D., 1527 Vincennes ave-
nue: Oct. 22.
Wilson. Berne. 4404 Indiana-av.: July 3.
Wilson. Corp. John W., 3138 South Wells
street: Aug. 6.
Winandi. Joseph John. 6137 Ravenswood ave-
nue; Sept. 21.
Winieci. Edward I/.. 2726 Southport avenue:
July 25.
Winter. Wallace C.. Jr.. 1447 Astor-st.: July 3.
Wirkitis. Peter. 2310 Leavitt-st.: Sept. >.
Wirth, Joseph F.. 6103 S. Racine-av.: Nov. 16.
Wisnoeski,1 John W., 1608 W.'i7th-st.; Nov. 20.
Wissmullfr. Henry. 3249 North Ashland ave-
nue: Nov. 23.
Witowski. Frank S., 5514 South Lincoln
-street: Aug. 25.
Wittnnn. Albert P.. £06 North Halsted street:
WitzH. Joseph J.. 1732 W. 14th-st.; Aug. 26.
842
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOE FOR 1919.
Wohl. Lieut. Benjamin. 5904 Midway park;
Oct. 28.
Wojtalewicz. Peter. 1730 W. 15th-pl.: July 3.
Wolfe, Corporal Lawrence B.. 3003 Elim ave-
nue. Zion City; Augr. 20.
Wood. Capt. Franklin. 1018 East 42d street:
Nov. 16.
Worden. Alex.. 3936 W. Monroe-st.: Nov. 26.
Wravikis. Sergrt. Alex. 835 West 16th street:
Nov. 15.
Wright, Lieut. Gustave, Oak Park; Oct. 8.
Wroble. Joseph. 1742 W. 48th-st.: Nov. 15.
Wynt, Max, 8849 Burley-av.; Aug. 27.
Wyrzkowski, Albert F., 1318 Crittenden street:
Nov. 20.
Yarmo. Seret. Robert. 503 Independence boule-
vard: Oct. 4.
Yr.uch, Harry, 3019 Roscoe-st.; Nov. 21.
Z&digr, Charles. 651 Center-st.: AUK. 25.
Zajicek. Oscar. 1851 Millard-av.: Oct. 13.
Zalabak. William J., 2317 West 19th street:
Nov. 24.
Zeman. Iirnatz H.. 2235 Trumbull-av. : Oct. 3.
Zierke. William R.. South EUrin: Sept. 5.
Zucchero, N.. 611 Sholto-st.: Nov. 16.
Zullo, Antonio. 1142 W. Taylor-st.: Au^. 31.
CHARITY ORGANIZATIONS IN CHICAGO.
American National Red Cross Society (Illinois
branch)— Secretary, W. L. Sullivan, Spring-
field, 111. ; treasurer, Orson Smith, 112 West
Adams street.
Associated Jewish Charities of Chicago— Presi-
dent, D. E. Bensinger; secretary, Louis M.
Cahn.
Austro-Hungarlan Benevolent Association — Pres-
ident, Adolf Kraus; secretary. A. B. Seelen-
freund, 1230. 7 South Dearborn street.
Bohemian Charitable Association— 2603 South
Kedzie avenue ; secretary, Joseph Bolek.
Chicago Community Trust — Executive secretary,
Rev. Arthur J. Francis.
Chicago Daily News Fresh-Air Fund— Manager,
William A. -Strong; Sanitarium, Lincoln park,
foot of Fullerton avenue.
Children's Benefit League — President, Mrs.
Charles E. Frankenthal ; corresponding secre-
tary, Mrs. Charles Salmon, 6826 Perry avenue.
Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund— City Club
building, 315 Plymouth court, sixth floor; di-
rector, Sherman C. Kingsley.
Federated Orthodox Jewish Charities— President,
Julius Rosenwald ; secretary. Max Shulman.
Frances Juvenile Aid Association— President, Mrs.
Anne X. Smith ; corresponding secretary, Mrs.
Frederick G. Harris.
Friendly Aid Society— President, Mrs. Edward
Tilden; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Fred K.
Higble.
German Society of Chicago— 217, 100 North Wells
street ; manager, F. von W. Wysco.
Hungarian Charity Society of Chicago — President,
Max Sobel ; secretary, Alex. Sobel.
Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society— Presi-
dent, R. J. Bennett ; secretary and superin-
tendent, Wilfred S. Reynolds, 1818, 209 South
State street.
Illinois Charitable Relief Corps — President,
Edward Carey; secretary. Miss Annie O'Con-
nor, 3763 Ellis avenue.
Infants' Welfare Society — President, Lucius
Teter; secretary, George L. Emrich, 830, 140
South Michigan -avenue.
Italian Ladies' Charitable Association— President,
Mrs. V. Licci; secretary. Miss Tillie Russo.
Jewish Aid Society— 1800 Selden; president, Mor-
ton D. Cahn; secretary, A. Richard Frank.
Legal Aid Society of Chicago— 230, 31 West Lake
street ; secretaries, Mrs. Thomas J. Dee and
Miss Marian F. Kaufman.
Mothers* Relief Association — President, Mrs. D.
Harry Hammer; corresponding secretary, Mrs.
William P. MacCracken.
Societe Franeaise de Secours Mutuels— President,
A. Campion ; secretary, Charles Leroy, 1215
West Congress street.
United Charitiesi of Chicago— President, Charles
W. Folds ; secretary, Charles A. Munroe ; office,
sixth floor, 168 North Michigan avenue ; super-
intendent, Wilfrid S. Reynolds (acting).
Visiting Nurse Association of Chicago— 830, 104
South Michigan avenue ; president, Mrs. Arthur
Aldis ; secretary, Mrs. Robert McGann ; super-
intendent. Miss Edna L. Foley.
Woman's Protective Association— President, Miss
Nellie Carlin; corresponding secretary, Mrs.
Frederick D. Wood.
Young Men's Associated Jewish Charities— Pres-
ident, Hugo Pam; secretary. Monte H. Sadler.
Young Men's Federated Orthodox Jewish Chari-
ties—President. Archie H. Cohen; recording
secretary, Rudolph A. Morrison.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WITHIN CHICAGO.
[From report of Chicago Bureau of Public Efficiency.]
There are twenty-two distinct governing agen-
cies in the territory that Chicago comprises, most
of them absolutely independent of one another.
They are:
City of Chicago.
Board of education.
Library board.
Municipal tuberculosis sanitarium.
Cook county.
Sanitary district of Chicago.
South park commissioners.
West Chicago park commissioners.
Lincoln park commissioners.
Ridge avenue park commissioners.
North shore park commissioners.
Calumet park commissioners.
Fernwood park commissioners.
Ridge park commissioners.
Irving park commissioners.
Northwest park commissioners.
Old Portage park commissioners.
Edison park commissioners.
West Pullman park commissioners.
Ravenswood Manor-Gardens park commissioners.
River park commissioners.
Commissioners of the first park district of the
city of Evanston.
The board of education, the library board and
the tuberculosis sanitarium, while having their
separate tax levies, are subject to a degree to
control by the mayor and city council. The
other bodies named are independent of one an-
other. The state public utilities commission,
though not a taxing body, is. in a sense, an-
other governmental agency in the city.
If account were taken of the eight towns lying
wholly within the city of Chicago (Lake View.
North Chicago, Jefferson, West Chicago, South
Chicago, Hyde Park. Lake and Evanston), which
still have legal existence, the number of govern-
ing bodies comprised in the city would be thirty.
Instead of twenty-two.
THE CHICAGO ASSOCIATION OF COMMERCE.
Headquarters 10 South LaSalle street.
President— H. H. Merrick.
Vice-President—Elmer T. Stevens.
Vice-President Interstate and Foreign Trade Divi-
sion—.!. Harry Selz.
Vice-President Civic Industrial Division— Louis
T. Jamme.
Vice-President Local Division— Wyllis W. Baird.
General Secretary— Joseph H. Dion.
General Treasurer— Robert J. McKay.
Official Staff.
Business Manager— Robert B. Bo.ich.
Editor Chicago Commerce— William Hudson Har-
per.
Traffic Director— H. C. Barlow.
Manager Convention Bureau — George M. Span-
gler. Jr.
Foreign Trade Commissioner— H. H. Carver.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
843
Establishments
MANUFACTURE
[From reports of tue
SUMMARY FOI
1914. 1909.
18,388 18,026
617,920 :>61,044
15.847 17,357
95,130 77,923
506,943 465,764
1,305,930 1,013,071
JBADING INDUSTRIE
•in lions "n. e. S." me;
tablish- Wage earn-
ments.Persons.* ers.t
79 21,511 19,241
25 338 284
366 1,312 785
65 2,804 2,382
19 291 183
« 213 189
4 231 194
24 1,133 657
11 403 233
14 1,005 910
8 204 167
58 407 236
10 28 18
53 6,392 792
18 463 404
61 4,509 4,085
79 2,052 1,688
2,099 12,566 8,611
340 7,347 6,574
87 682 494
32 392 326
295 .3,000 1,732
28 623 548
3- 12 7
118 2,800 2,383
67 366 266
325 6,746 5,852
73 24.406 23,131
30 2,364 2,240
28 11,782 10,945
6 1,536 1,395
19 972 836
19 5,883 5.6C5
6 106 91
715 41,122 36,152
221 7,279 6,151
35 1,792 1,018
21 924 732
140 4,622 3,799
80 2,617 2,388
483 8,897 7,473
7 1,884 1,799
4 112 102
16 1,663 1,502
5 1,397 1,319
80 1,661 1,322
29 427 323
10 85 48
143 11,854 9,641
43 457 375
4 67 41
5 35 29
8 327 290
44 613 444
4 85 76
5 54 28
6 114 98
24 376 293
461 3,634 2,464
1,178 61,303 52,266
63 473 319
61 3,116 2,688
267 15,240 13,575
78 2,619 2,090
78 8,020 6,301
11 3,686 3,507
29 1,463 1,309
7 159 143
36 959 778
33 284 175
38 574 463
10 123 99
8 IN ELLINOIS.
bureau of the census.]
I 1914 AND 1909.
Capital ...,--
1914. 1909.
$1,943,836,000 $1,548,171,000
128,478,000 91,449,000
340,910,000 276,180,000
1,340,183,000 1,158,066,000
2,247,323,000 1,919,277,000
907,140,000 761,211,000
>d."
Total Value
expenses. products.
$44,148,098 $57,268,325
332,502 406,030
1,123,179 1,488,299
6,774,357 7,153,818
3,817,757 4,145,789
895,618 965,442
1,028,829 1,123,610
6,017,782 7,632,063
2,051,612 2,187,555
1,755,516 1,177,464
359,957 403,163
997,542 1,229,961
52,649 66,949
15,485,947 16,754,704
581,630 664,469
5,650,611 6,349,621
6,180,929 6,841,735
30,899,184 36,117,986
8,285,610 9,765,051
1,248,515 1,464,896
874,123 964,850
16,485,553 17,798,278
557,542 675,981
32,385 26,729
6,704,951 7,619,586
249,365 ' 340,799
14,810,098 16,831,283
32,236,134 32,229,243
3,439,334 3,450,643
25,685,563 27,001,092
3,197,433 4.087J507
3,927,458 4,656,274
5,819,648 7,045,275
93,072 119,296
80,393,885 89,472,755
14,992,614 16,635,236
18,352,146 19,751,188
2,042,393 2,259,783
11,214,390 12,798,077
6,137,357 6,610,969
20,300,274 22,822,810
6,888,306 8,237,165
207,433 238,468
2,280,612 2,711,213
1,896,952 2,111,208
2,363,664 2,757,762
978,164 1,180,898
201,740 231,884
24,937,852 26,826,177
562,107 696,572
119,18 156,318
40,230 45,058
1,250,894 1,469,469
1,119,375 1,319,861
86,973 99,522
142,098 164,437
142,939 142,973
576,368 675,845
48,852,744 51,110,681
123,396,892 138,578,993
1,584,835 1,929,470
6,726,981 7,213,437
25,169,458 27,900,262
5,102,485 5,797,373
13,938,452 21,052,100
4,664,447 5,047,333
2,331,900 2,522,963
209,833 225,806
5.076,472 6,589.617
396,973 478,911
902,607 1.046,485
250.898 286.721
Persons iu industry....
Firm members
Salaries . .
Salaried employes
Wage earners (average)
Primary horse power...
1
Abbre
Es
Industry.
Agricultural implements...
Artificial flowers, etc
Cost of ma
Value of pi
Value atlde
S OF ILLI1
n "not elsev
Capital.
$110,605,187
174,548
1,236,408
4,083,973
1,409,799
575,574
1,690,925
6,115,498
1,279,476
1,276,356
381,023
516,683
15,277
7,569,620
358,050
3,813,498
4,055,823
24,224,216
18,495,247
722,783
497,181
7,819,996
262,004
29,265
5,629,637
173,701
17,858,786
18,722,338
3,885,611
37,934,778
6,686,567
4,639,170
12,411,573
30,806
38,762,929
5,567,194
8,751,861
2,088,863
6,094,450
4,452,842
31,018,411
13,014,494
180,918
1,306,114
1,979,075
2,455,288
859,129
71,764
24,201,532
289,762
84.S66
14,066
1,561,612
659,251
84,200
109,771
180,844
383,331
18,453,727
143,276,987
971,515
2,881,103
22,383,174
3,657,369
131,789,940
7,738,236
1,093,490
65,747
2,852.248
295,106
279.637
70.007
terials
1
JOIS (1909).
rhere specific
Wages.
111,718,384
85,975
439,214
1,653,186
108,517
175,042
98,899
346,259
164,536
600,233
87,690
122,922
7,862
3,142,912
158,099
1,501,273
1,136,179
5,494,607
4,386,001
235,069
180,370
942,206
246,892
5,292
903,632
115,229
3,588,016
15,287,571
1,395,029
7,823,919
854,797
531,315
3,217,149
51,824
16,580,002
3,151,998
524,869
405,910
1,428,645
1,126,580
4,314,684
659,584
44,071
524,530
522,073
760,385
178,333
36,043
6,412,671
245,432
19,784
14,745
189,558
221,757
49,081
14,596
38,548
111,923
1,271,182
33,156,824
229,532
. 1,014,719
8,099,683
1,184,283
2,967,342
2,181,683
518,862
61,183
531,365
102,930
266,879
70.990
Artificial stone
Automobiles aud parts
Babbitt metal, solder
Bags, other than r.aper....
Belting leather
Bicycles, motorcycles
Billiard tables, materials..
Bluing
Boxes, fancy and paper....
Brass and bronze products.
Bread and bakery products
Brick and tile
Brushes
Butter, cheese, cond'sed milk
Buttons
Calcium lights
Canning and preserving....
Carpets, rag
Carriages and wagons
Coffee and spice roast'g, etc.
Coffins etc
Cooperage, wooden goods...
Copper, tin, sheet iron prod'ts
Cutlery and tools, n. e. s..
Dairymen's supplies, etc...
Electrical machinery
Enameling and japanning..
Fancy articles, n. e. s
Files
Fire extinguishers, chemical
Furnishing goods, men's....
Gas and electric fixtures...
Gas, illuminating, heating.
Glass
Gloves leather
Gold and sllver.leaf and (oil.
Hand stamps, stencils
Hats, caps, other than felt
Hats, fur- felt...
844
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Establish- Wage earn- Total Value
Industry. meuts. Persons.* ers.t Capital. Wages. expenses. products.
Hosiery, knit goods 43 3,141 2,913 $5,115.992 $1,116,476 $4.938,859 $5.946.737
Ice, manufactured 83 1,013 804 5, 574, 739 534,166 1,424,435 1,928,323
Ink, printing 7 86 38 254,387 25,508 316,498 415,025
Iron and steel.blast furnaces 6 2,927 2,493 52,389,822 1,792,965 34.196,011 38,299,897
Iron and steel, rolling mills 24 19,437 17,584 69,682,495 12,962,087 75,221,710 86,608,137
Jewelry 67 1,280 990 1,822,666 650,233 2,358,271 2,779,962
Kaolin, ground earths 7 123 76 687,177 37,198 368,440 431,352
Lapidary work 3 18 14 34067 12,974 70,525 87,883
Leather goods 168 3,569 2,949 5,359,975 1,633,407 7,985,071 8,948,324
Leather, tanned, etc 29 3,194 3,001 15,974,832 1,582,030 14,736,180 14,911,782
Lime 16 572 511 1,258,141 282,967 591,605 687,976
Liquors, distilled 9 851 750 7,500,330 478,685 53,219,662 55,199,874
Liquors, malt 106 5,361 4,398 56,141,165 3,473,300 23,618,940 28,449,148
Liquors, vinous 12 17 3 34,150 1,989 15,846 28,711
Lumber products 814 19,025 16,567 29,777,623 9,109,584 41,125,558 44,951,804
Marble and stone work 278 2,821 2,226 4,689,083 1,766,107 5,667,371 6,770,996
Mattresses, spring beds 86 1,036 831 1,150,945 447,691 2,503,832 2,860,042
Millinery and lace goods... 103 3,987 3,328 2,188,576 1,383,832 6,444,318 7,281,914
Mirrors 10 396 353 447,280 231,681 992,144 1,106,480
Models, patterns, not paper 81 585 426 520,739 308,255 701,416 889,437
Musical instruments, n. e. s. 30 425 336 511,662 200,606 502,478 629,163
Pianos, organs . 68 9,628 8,777 27,718,851 5,009,042 16,686,065 19,176,328
Paint and varnish 74 2,906 1,792 15,725,376 1,114,298 17,926,283 20,434,291
Paper and wood pulp 19 1,542 1,397 8.400.333 727,420 4,567,670 4,983,075
Paper goods, n. e. s 46 1,659 1,317 2,260,405 546,165 3,435,708 3,779,297
Patent medicines, etc 359 3,902 1,869 7,988,944 804,761 10,742,989 13,114,307
Peus, fountain, gold 7 65 35 117,164 23,224 141,815 170,467
Photographic apparatus 13 356 284 708,269 156,562 642,709 739,857
Photoengraving 27 1,561 1,114 1,300,856 949,109 2,268,578 2,678,304
Pottery, terra cotta, etc... 39 3,474 3,157 14,900,981 1,884,879 3,946,183 4,614,728
Printing and publishing 2,608 43,074 28,644 60,084,133 18,436,924 73,964,422 87,247,090
Pumps, not steam 14 348 282 664,286 179,136 641,106 658,554
Rubber goods, n. e. s 13 145 104 251,977 52,875 323,529 381,363
Scales and balances 13 306 248 515,477 151,166 528,831 574,420
Sewing machines, etc 7 2,073 1,713 4,430,468 1,113,885 3,306,683 3,621,554
Ship and boat building 23 470 413 2,060,884 251,594 532,277 583,783
Showcases 16 442 386 539,256 247,869 691,413 829,472
Signs 51 1.835 1,290 2,693,629 750,349 2,915,025 3,271,331
Slaughtering, packing 109 32,642 26,705 131,026,247 14,601,961 378,189,429 389,594,906
Smelting, zinc 5 2,034 1,922 7,596,278 1,275,162 8,409,661 9,003,624
Smelting, not from ore 11 423 369 1.603,000 206,679 3,638,984 3,929,755
Soap 34 3,408 2,188 11,693,653 1,052,608 18,835,398 20,180,799
Steam packing 15 160 108 156,862 61,942 355,569 407,890
Stereotyping, electrotyping. 21 747 592 777,366 472,376 1,156,678 1,282,292
Stoves and furnaces 71 5,223 4,499 9,862,626 2,957,046 9,025,626 10,287,333
Surgical appliances 29 820 536 1,673,702 284,512 1,855,796 2,098,942
Tobacco manufactures 1,944 10,707 8,034 12,794,393 4,215,848 18,230,593 21,870.252
Typefounding, etc 19 588 438 1,852,184 302,566 1,188,289 1,247,937
Wall paper 5 389 290 1,139,847 173,127 1,168,877 1,366,763
Wall plaster 6 92 80 261,035 33,361 177,930 203,312
Woolen goods 9 543 499 1,063,075 236,760 1,190,230 1,314,109
All other industries 1,397 44,544 35,794 169,900,392 20,944,403 181,930,730 205,467,461
Total 18.026 561,044 465,7^41,548,170,701 273,319,005 1,733,327,352 1,919,276,594
•Persons engaged in industry; includes proprietors, firm members, salaried employes and wage
earners. tAverage number employes.
MANUFACTURES IN CHICAGO.
[From reports of bureau of the census.]
Summary for 191b and 1909.
Establishments
Persons engaged
Firm members
Salaried employes
Wage earners (average)
Primary horse power..
1914.
10,114
386,794
8,184
65,408
313,202
680,453
1909.
9,656
356.954
8,156
54.821
293.977
525',236
1914.
Capital $1,189,976,000
Salarks 90,279,000
Wages 213.351,000
Cost of materials 901,658,000
Value of products 1,482,814,000
Value added 581,156,000
1909.
$971,841.000
65,925.000
176.973,000
790.609,000
1,281,171,000
490,562,000
LEADING INDUSTRIES
Abbreviations "n. e. s." mean
Establish- Wage earn-
Industry. ments. Persons, ers.
Artificial stone 19 192 150
Automobiles 41 1,725 1,460
Bags, other than paper 6 213 189
Baking powders, yeast 16 940 522
Baskets, willow ware 10 52 41
Belting, leather 11 403 233
Boots and shoes 81 3,326 3,027
Boxes, cigar 9 348 . 304
Boxes, fancy and paper 48 3,984 3,609
Brass and bronze products. 56 1,430 1,167
Bread and bakery products 1,177 8,842 6,437
Brick and tile ; 7 657 612
Brooms and brushes 66 61$ 497
OF CHICAGO (1909).
"not elsewhere specified.
Capital.
$240,000
2,094,000
576,000
5,873,000
29,000
1,279,000
3,881,000
292,000
3,118,000
2,492,000
20,600,000
2,210,000
690,000
Wages.
$104,000
1,131,000
175,000
304,000
26,000
165,000
1,920,000
125,000
1,311,000
810,000
4,146,000
559,000
281,000
Cost of
materials.
$146,000
1,707,000
685,000
2,888,000
34,000
1.385,000
6,045,000
258,000
2,232,000
3,266.000
16,280,000
210,000
918,000
Value of
products.
$356,000
3,940,000
965,000
7,009,000
81,000
2,188,00*
9,855,000
541,000
5.044,000
5,131,000
26.908,000
1,172,000
1.560.000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
845
Establi
Industry. meuti
Buttons 13
sh- Wage earn-
!. Persons, ers. Capital.
231 190 $151,000
12 7 29,000
1,107 904 2,058,000
205 163 87,000
2,263 1,965 7,616,000.
11,562 11,059 9,558,000
1,721 1,164 3,061,000
9,226 8,553 29,730,000
218 143 887,000
145 109 421,000
106 91 31,000
38,370 33,615 36,521,000
6,666 5,615 5,193,000
1,775 1,006 8,696,000
733 576 1,721.000
3,865 3,241 5,275,000
1,269 1,166 1,860,000
4,610 3,859 12,216,000
1,124 1,005 925,000
1,167 982 1,796,000
70 49 179,000
85 48 72,000
7,333, 6,096 16,624,000
374 310 181,000
603 438 641,000
54 28 110,000
36,868 31,055 90,050,000
455 308 959,000
2,273 1,905 2,340,000
11,097 9,876 16,373,000
2,068 1,602 2,706,000
1,223 1,109 900,000
159 143 66,000
773 649 2,181,000
273 172 287,000
574 463 280,000 .
837 743 908,000
229 206 1,136,000
86 38 254,000
7,689 6,983 32,577,000
1,169 910 1,574,000
18 14 34,000
2,581 2,178 2,877,000
2,841 2,674 14,486,000
3,450 2,867 29,385,000
11,680 10,462 17,695,000
1,640 1,388 2,557,000
835 683 837,000
435 322 362,000
418 232 502,000
5,792 5,209 17,335,000
2,667 1,606 13,830,000
1,255 957 1,367,000
3,011 1,361 5,377,000
356 284 708.000
1,186 878 902,000
33,439 22,326 47,982,000
74 52 94,000
145 104 252,000
306 282 1,858,000
27,147 22,064 115,312,000
127 91 816,000
3,329 2,139 11,474,000
160 108 157,000
747 592 777,000
1,263 1,048 2,546,000
807 529 1,658,000
6,758 5,220 ' 10,331,000
588 438 1,852,000
60,504 50,477 326,874,000
Wages.
$72,000
5,000
395,000
68,000
1,253,000
7,305,000
1,069,000
6,387,000
92,000
60,000
52,000
15,777,000
2,997,000
521,000
339,000
1,250,000
601,000
2,472,000
340,000
554,000
37,000
36,000
3,860,000
214,000
218,000
15,000
20,490,000
225,000
820,000
6,026,000
914,000
441,000
61,000
452,000
101,000
267,000
289,000
153,000
26,000
5,603,000
606,000
13,000
1,174,000
1,418,000
2,378,000
6,149,000
1,137,000
371,000
227,000
199,000
3,034,000
996,000
410,000
632,000
157,000
848,000
15,077,000
38,000
53,000
174,000
11,985,000
63,000
1,035,000
62,000
472,000
726,000
279,000
2,785,000
303,000
28,397,000
Cost of
materials.
$139.000
19,000
2,533,000
43,000
2,602,000
7,310,000
1,520,000
il,620,000
598,000
282.000
1,000
42,768,000
8,658,000
14,969,000
764,000
6,703,000
2,188,000
6,463,000
705,000
680,000
147,000
115,000
11,405,000
107,000
568,000
62,000
40,755,000
1,060,000
3,877,000
9,096,000
2,124,000
1,308,000
128,000
3,781,000
167,000
479,000
783,000
126,000
164,000
29,023,000
1,218,000
53,000
3,280,000
10,788,000
4,850,000
20,768,000
1,714,000
1,349,000
161,000
172,000
4,848,000
11,845,000
1,393,000
3,216,000
318,000
422,000
21,256,000
72,000
200,000
108,000
285,250,000
2.237,000
13,787,000
194,000
316,000
1,157,000
917,000
6,722,000
375,000
142,590,000
Value of
products.
$325,000
27,000
3,827,000
206,000
5,203,000
15,359,000
2,758,000
20,892,000
1,149,000
445,000
119,000
85,296,000
15,677,000
19,593,000
1,838,000
11,222,000
3,368,000
12,242,000
1,779,000
1,895,000
340,000
232,000
20,669,000
484,000
1,289,000
164,000
89,669,000
1,903,000
6,122,000
20,512,000
4,683,000
2,181,000
226,000
4,948,000
467,000
1,046,000
1,477,000
569,000
415,000
45,984,000,
2,635,000
88,000
5,861,000
13,244,000
19,512,000
32,709,000
3,930,000
2,377,000
687,000
614,000
11,487,000
18,942,000
2,831,000
10,360,000
740,000
2,156,000
74,211,000
179,000
381,000
359,000
325,062,000
2,574,000
19,939,000
408,000
1,282,000
3,183,000
2,075,000
16,633,000
1,248,000
234,104,000
Calcium lights 3
Canning and preserving 47
Carriages and wagons 126
Cars, by street railways... 7
Cars for steam roads 18
Chemicals 10
Clocks and watches 5
Cloth, sponging etc 6
Clothing, men's, shirts 678
Clothing, women's 204
Coffee and spice, roast'g.etc. 32
Coffins, etc 13
Cooperage goods, n. e. s — 37
Copper.tin.sheetironprod'ts 268
Corsets 10
Cutlery and tools, n. e. s.. 53
Dentists' materials 10
Fancy articles, n. e. s 40
Fire extinguishers, chemical * 5
Furnishing goods, men's... 38
Furniture 202
Gas and electric fixtures... 63
Gold and silver, leaf and foil 7
Hats and caps, not felt — 38
Hosiery, knit goods 29
Ice, manufactured 6
Ink, printing 7
Iron and steel, mills 6
Jewelry 55
Lapidary work 3
Leather goods 99
Leather tanned, etc 24
Marble and stone wwrk 107
Mattresses, spring beds 58
Models and patt'ns, not paper 56
Musical instruments n. e. s. 27
Paper goods, n. e. s 41
Patent medicines, etc 273
Photographic goods 13
Photo engraving 21
Printing and publishing 1,395
Fumps, not steam 6
Rubber (roods, n. e. s 13
Ship and boat building 8
Slaughtering 67
Stereotyping, electrotyping. 21
Surgical appliances 24
Tobacco manufactures 1,050
All other industries 1,305
Total 9 656
356,954 293,977 971,841,000
'RES IN OTHER ILLINOIS
Wajre earn-
Persons. ers. Capital.
3,061 2,662 $8,695,000
5,497 4,778 14,866,000
2.869 2,451 5.018,000
2,831 2.386 f.,483,000
1,769 1,522 3.474,000
1,113 920 9,733,000
309 237 661.000
549 382 971, OCO
5,018 4,28» 20.350.000
2.481 2.109 5.020.000
174,112,000
CITIES
Wages.
$1,758,000
3,033.000
1,411,000
1,540,000
853,000
829,000
123,000
243,000
2.947,000
1.345.000
793,470,000
(1914).
Cost of
materials.
$8,604,000
5,259,000
2,915,000
2,084,000
3,046,000
,1,126,000
445,000
633,000
7,685,000
2.928.000
1,281,171,000
Value of.
products.
$12,865,000
10,789,000
5,739,000
4,960,000
4.584,000
2,577.000
768.000
1,245.000
14.486.000
5. "91. 000
MAN7UFACTt
Establish
City. ments.
Alton 76
Belleville 130
Bloomington 100
Cairo 61
Canton 34
Centralia 30
Champaign 59
Chicago Heights 77
Danville .. ...100
840
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Establish- Wage earn-
Cost of
Value of
City.
ments.
Persons.
ere.
Capital.
Wages.
materials.
products.
126
4,988
4,093
$12,550,000
$2,326,000
$6,666,000
$11,957,000
East St. Louis
125
6,795
5,863
28,322,000
4,369,000
17,423,000
26,905,000
Elgin
91
5,&74
5,259
17,371,000
3,320,000
4,271,000
10,492.000
49
1,153
924
2.617,000
656,000
2,439,000
3.985,000
Fret-port
63
3,013
2,566
11,227,000
1,661,000
3,910,000
7.447,000
60
1,709
1,399
2.488.000
941,000
1,515,000
3.192,000
Granite City
39
5,658
5.050
18,867,000
3.994,000
9,845,000
17,903,000
63
1,162
932
1,780.000
500,000
1,360,000
2,355,000
Joliet ,
, 136
5.922
4,999
25,814,000
3,569,000
20,026,000
80,091,000
Kankakee
53
1,574
1,430
3,988,000
763,000
1,704,000
3,193,000
Kewanee ,
31
3,261
2,837
8,446,000
1,576,000
2,686,000
5,447,000
LaSalle
30
1,311
1,214
4,753,000
817,000
3,484,000
5,246,000
Lincoln ,
40
327
239
867.000
134.000
284,000
C61.000
Mattoon ,
, 47
887
735
1,064,000
471,000
693,000
1,544,000
Moline
108
5,m
5.083
34,179,000
2,510,000
10,387,000
19,925.000
Oak Park ,
47
366
268
5,155,000
241,000
492,000
1,555,000
Pekin
, 44
860
634
6,607,000
492,000
3,972,000
9.610,000
, 283
7,981
6,285
32,509,000
4,144,000
21,289,000
64,689.000
Quincy
194
3,983
3.067
11,421,000
1,86?,000
4,435,000
9,557,000
Rock Island
106
2,321
1^37
13.851,000
1,377,000
3,411,000
6,488,000
Rod ford
265
11,564
10,208
38,853,000
6,629,000
13,414,000
26,371,000
Springfield
188
5,064
4.143
9,078,000
2,527,000
5,874,000
11.753,000
Streator ,
60
1,918
1,770
6.&93.000
1,045,000
1,762,080
3,887,000
Waukegan
48
2,744
2,276
16,010,000
1,777, COO
7,630,000
12,439,000
LEADING ILLINOIS
Slaughtering and meat packing $410,709,225
Printing and publishing 97,506,966
Foundry and machine shop products 85,359,436
Clothing, men's, including shirts 84,339,611
Cars, steam railroad, not including op-
erations of railroad companies 50,930,691
Bread and other bakery products 34,217,248
Liquors, malt 28,933,286
Lumber and timber products 28,711,190
Iron and steel, steel works and rolling
mills : 27,001,775
Eurniture and refrigerators 24,132,848
Paint and varnish 22,810,675
Tobacco manufactures 21,460,007
Soap 21,255,430
Confectionery 20.348,661
Clothing, women's 19,211,137
Electrical machinery, apparatus and
supplies 17,568,424
Cars and general shop construction and
repairs by steam railroad companies. 16,687,929
Leather, tanned, curried and finished... 15,662,742
Copper, tin and sheet iron products 13,236,073
Musical instruments, pianos and organs
and materials 12,670,705
Patent medicines and compounds and
druggists' preparations 10,808,693
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT MANUFACTURES.
The Chicago metropolitan district embraces
409,687 acres, of which 120,210 acres represent
the area of Chicago, and 288,877 acres the out-
side territory. The estimated population of Chi-
cago in 1914 was 2,397;600, and that of the out-
side territory 308,824, the total for the district
being 2,706,424. The district comprises, in addi-
tion to the city of Chicago, the townships of
Berwyn, Bloom, Calumet, Cicero, Evanston, Ley-
den, Lyons, Maine, New Trier, Niles, Norwood
Park, Oak Park, Proviso, Ridgeville, Riverside,
Stickney, Thornton and Worth, all in Cook
county, Illinois, and Calumet and North town-
ships in Lake county, Indiana. Within these
townships, or co-extensive with them, there are
seven incorporated places of 10,000 or more in-
habitants.
In 1914 the metropolitan district had 10,945
manufacturing establishments, which gave em-
ployment to 444,876 persons during the year and
paid out $353,484,061 ia salaries and wages. Of
INDUSTRIES IN 1914.
the persons employed 362,355 were wage earners.
These establishments manufactured products to
the value of $1.734,736,737, to produce which
CHICAGO METROPOLITAN DISTRICT,
materials were used costing $1,055,943.118. The
value added by manufacture was therefore $678,-
791,619.
EVANSTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Incorporated November, 1898.
Pr?sidfnt— J. Seymour Currey. I The Evanston Historical society has rooms In
v ice-1'resident— Frank R. Grover. the Public Library building there. It has a li-
Treasurer— John F. Hahn. brary of 2.000 volumes, 1,000 pamphlets and a
Secretary— William C. Levere. I large amount of historical data.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
847
GOVERNMENT OF ILLINOIS.
Legislative power Is vested in a general as-
sembly, consisting of a senate and house of
representatives, both elected by the people. The
state is divided into fifty-one senatorial dis-
tricts, each of which elects a senator and three
representatives. The general assembly makes
laws and appropriates money for the govern-
ment of the state and in general stands in the
same relation to the state as congress does to
all the states as u whole. The powers and du-
ties of the chief executive officers are as fol-
lows :
Governor — The governor is vested with the
chief executive power ' of the state. He Is the
commander in chief of the military and naval
forces and may call out the militia to main-
tain the peace. He is required to Inform the
general assembly, by message, of the condition
of affairs of the state and to recommend needed
legislation. He may, by proclamation, call a
special session of the assembly or adjourn it in
case of disagreement between the two houses.
He has the power to appoint certain officers and
during a recess of the senate may fill vacancies
or remove certain officers and may call special
elections to fill vacancies in certain offices. He
may make requisitions upon the governors of
other states for the return of fugitives from
justice or offer rewards for the arrest of offend-
ers against the laws of the state. He exer-
cises a general supervision over the peniten-
tiaries and may grant reprieves, commutations
and pardons and may restore the rights of
citizenship to ex-convicts. He may approve acts
of the legislature and exercise the veto power.
Lieutenant-Governor — This officer Is ex offlclo
president of the senate and has the power to
cast the deciding vote In case of a tie. In
case of the death, conviction on impeachment,
failure to qualify, resignation, absence from the
state or other disability on the part of the
governor, the lieutenant-governor succeeds to
the office to the close of the term.
Secretary of State — The secretary of state Is
charged with the safekeeping of the original
laws and resolutions of the general assembly;
with all books, bills and documents deposited
with him by either hiiuse, and with all bonds,
records and pacers filed in his office. He keeps
a record of the official acts of the governor;
furnishes certified copies of the same to the
assembly on request and certified copies of any
of the records of his office on the payment of
the statutory fees. He countersigns and affixes
the seal of the state to all proclamations and
commissions issued by the governor; issues li-
censes for incorporations and certificates of or-
ganization to cities and villages and incorporated
towns. He has charge of most of the buildings
and grounds belonging to the state In Spring-
field, furnishes supplies for the general assembly
and supervises the printing and distribution of
all the public documents of the state. He calls
the house of representatives to order at the
beginning of each general assembly and presides
over the same until the election of a speaker.
He is the keeper of the great seal of the state
and is the custodian and sealer of weights and
measures.
Auditor— The auditor Is required to keep all
th" accounts of the state: to audit the accounts
of all officers or other persons authorized to re-
ceive moneys from the state treasury; to per-
sonally sign all warrants drawn on the treasury;
to institute suits wherein the state is, a plain-
tiff, and to make a biennial report of the busi-
ness of his office to the governor. With the
governor and treasurer he determines the state
tax rate. He exercises a general supervision
over state banks, building, loan and homestead
associations.
State Treasurer— The state treasurer Is cus-
todian of the revenues and public moneys of
the state. He must make monthly settlements
with the auditor and a biennial report to the
governor.
Superintendent of Public Instruction— The su-
perintendent exercises a general supervision over
all the public schools of the state. He ts the
general and legal adviser of the county super
intendents and must report biennially to the
governor the general condition of all the schools
of the state, the amount raised by taxation for
school purposes and the manner of its expendi-
ture and the general condition of all the school
funds. He may grant state certificates to teach-
ers or cause them to be withheld and must visit
charitable institutions which are educational in
character.
Attorney-General— It Is the duty of the at-
torney-general to represent the state In the
Supreme court in all cases In which the state
is interested; to act as counsel for all state of-
ficials; to be the legal adviser of the governor
and other state officers in matters relating to
their official duties, and, on request, to furnish
them, as well >as either branch of the general
assembly, with written opinions upon constitu-
tional or legal questions.
PAUPERS IN ILLINOIS ALMSHOUSES.
Enumerated Jan 1. 1910.
Total number 5,421
Male 4.021
Female 1.400
White— Native 2,562
Foreign-born 2,699
Nativity unknown 17
Colored 143
Admitted in 1910.
Total number 6,590
Male 4,607
Female 988
White— Native 2,685
Foreign-born 2,626
Nativity unknown 75
Colored 204
DEFECTIVE PAUPERS.
Enumerated Jan. 1. 1910.
Total number 3.334
Male 2,288
Female 1,056
Insane 324
Feeble-minded 599
Epileptic 121
Deaf mute 37
Blind 137
[U. S. census report.]
Crippled 604
Old and Infirm 738
Bedridden 189
Paralytic 310
Two or more defects 285
Admitted in 1910.
Total number 1,616
Male 1,265
Female 351
Insane 97
Feeble-minded 180
Epileptic 38
Deaf mute 14
Blind 55
Crippled 620
Old and infirm 478
Bedridden 184
Two or more defects 50
INSANE IN ILLINOIS HOSPI-
TALS.
[U. S. census report.]
Enumerated Jan. 1, 1910.
Anna state hospital 1,478
Chester state hospital 215
Elgin state hospital 1,384
Jacksonville state hospital 1.440
Kankakee state hospital... 2.549
Peoria state hospital 2.107
Watertowu state hospital. 1,412
Cook county hos. (Dunning) 2.174
Madison Co. poor farm 4
Bellevue Place sanitarium* 31
Maplewood, Jacksonville*.. 20
O:ik L-iwn. Jacksonville*.. 16
Ransom sanitar., Rockford* 9
Total 12, 839
Male 6, 846
Female 5,993
Admitted in 1910 4,058
Male .' 2,319
Female 1,734
•Private institution.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTI-
TUTIONS.
Enumerated Jan. 1. 1910.
Lincoln State school 1,221
Beverly farm, Godfrey* 44
Total 1.265
Male 718
Female 647
•Private.
848
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ILLINOIS ELECTORAL DISTRICTS.
COUNTY.
County seat.
Sena-
torial.
Congres-
sional.
Judicial
circuit.
JUDICIAL Dis.
Appel-
late.
Su-
preme.
Quincy
30
50
47
8
30
37
36
12
30
24
40
34
42
42
34
1.2,3.4,5,6
7.9.11,13.15
17,19,21.28
25.27,29,31
48
40
35
28
34
41
22
48
42
40
26
50
43
48
38
20
51
32
48
33
37
20
44
46
46
38
12
51
14
20
14
43
8
39
48
35
16
28
28
38
47
42
16
30
51
32
8
26
30
33
44
38
45
24
10
18
44
24
36
51
50
16
44
46
33
51
45
30
15
25
22
12
20
16
20
13
20
19
21
18
24
23
19
1,2,3,4,5
6,7,8,^,10
23
18
12
19
19
11
18
24
23
23
17
25
15
24
20
12
24
14
24
14
15
18
25
23
23
20
13
24
11
18
12
15
10
12
23
13
17
17
19
21
a
23
16
20
24
14
11
17
20
14
22
21
20
It)
13
16
25
19
20
24
25
16
25
23
14
24
21
15
8
1
3
17
8
13
8
15
8
6
4
5
4
4
5
Not
num-
bered
2
5
16
6
6
16
5
2
4
4
11
2
9
2
7
13
2
9
2
9
14
12
1
4
2
7
15
• 1
16
12
16
9
17
13
2
15
11
11
6
7
3
4
10
8
1
9
17
11
4
14
3
4
7
6
15
10
3
6
8
1
1
10
3
2
14
I
3
4
4
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
r
4
3
2
3
3
2
3
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
2
4
3
4
2
2
4
4
3
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
2
3
4
3
2
3
3
2
4
3
3
3
2
a
4
3
1
4
4
2
4
4
2
4
3
3
4
2
6
4
6
2
6
4
3
2
2
2
1
3
7
I
6
3
3
7
3
1
2
a
3
1
4
1
2
5
1
4
1
4
5
3
2
1
2
6
1
«
7
6
5
7
5
2
6
3
3
2
2
2
5
4
1
4
6
3
4
4
1
2
4
3
6
5
3
2
1
b
1
3
4
3
4
Alexander
Cairo
Bond
Greenville
Boone
Belvidere
Brown
Mount Sterling
Hardin
Carroll
Mount Carroll
Christian ..
Clark
Taylorville
Marshal 1
Clay..
Clinton :....
Carly le
Coles
Cook. .'.
Charleston
Toledo . ..
DeKalb
Sycamore
De Witt
Clinton
Edgar
Paris
Albion
Effinghnm.
Fayette
Ford
Vandalia
Benton
Fulton
Gallatin
Shawneetown
Hamilton
McLeansboro
Hardin
Henderson
Henty
Elizabethtown
Oquawka
Cambridge
Jackson
Murphysboro
Jefferson
Mount Vernon
Johnson
Vienna
Kane
Eankakee
Kendall
Kankakee
Yorkville . . .
LaSalle
Lee
Dixon
Pontlac
Macoupln
Carlinville
Madison
Marshall
Lacon
Mason
Havana
Mas sac
Metropolis
McDonough
Macomb
McLean
Bloomington
Petersburg
Aledo
Monroe '.
Waterloo
Montgomery
Morgan
Hillsboro
Jacksonville
Moultrie
Ogle
Sullivan
Peoria
Perry....
Pinckney vllle
Platt
Pike
Monticello
Pittsfleld
Pope
Pulaski
Putnam
Randolph
Golconda
Mound City
Hennepln
Richland
Rock Island
Saline
Sangamon
Schuyler
Olney
Rock Island
Harrisburg
Springfield
Rushville
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
849
ILLINOIS ELECTORAL DISTRICTS-CONTINUED.
COUNTY.
County seat.
Sena-
torial.
Congres-
sional.
Judicial
circuit.
JUDICIAL Dis.
Appel-
late.
Su-
preme.
Scott
Shelby
Stark
Winchester
Shelby vllle
Toulon
36
40
37
49
12
30
50
22
48
22
44
46
48
35
41
50
10
Hi
20
19
1«
22
13
16
25
18
23
14
22
24
24
13
11
25
12
17
7
4
10
3
15
10
1
5
a
9
3
2
• 2
14
12
1
17
11
3
3
2
4
2
3
4
3
4
2
4
4
4
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
5
1
6
3
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
8
7
1
6
5
St. Clair
Belleville
Tazewell
....; Pekin
Union
Jonesboro
Wabash
Washington..
Wayne
White
Nashville
Fairneld
Whiteside .
Will
Joliet
Williamson
. .. Rookford
Woorlford
Eureka '.
Counties.
Adams
1820.
POPULATION OF ILLINOIS I
[From federal census r
1830. 1840. 1850. I860.
2,186 14,476 26,508 41,323
1,390 3,313 2,484 4,707
3,124 5,060 6,144 9,815
1,705 7624 11,678
JY COUNTIES.
2ports.]
1870. 1880. 1890. 1900. 1910.
56,362 59,148 61.188 67,058 64,588
10,564 14,809 16,563 19,384 22,741
13,152 14,873 14,550 16,708 17,075
12,942 11,527 12,203 15,791 15,481
12,205 13,044 11,951 11,557 10,397
34,415 23,189 35,014 41,112 '43,975
6,562 7,471 7,652 8,917 8,610
16,705 16,985 18,329 18,963 18,035
11,580 14,494 15,963 17,222 17,372
32,737 40,869 42,159 47,622 51,829
20,363 28,232 30,531 32,790 34,694
18,719 21,900 21,899 24,033 23,517
15,875 16,195 16,772 19,553 18,661
16,285 18,718 17,411 19,824 22,832
25,535 27,055 X30,093 34,146 34,517
49,966 607,719 1,'191,922 1,838,735 2,405,233
13,889 16,190 17,283 19,240 26,281
12,223 13,762 15,443 16,124 14,281
23,265 26,774 27>066 31,756 33.457
14,768 17,014 17,011 18,927 18.906
13,484 15,857 17,669 19,097 19,591
16,685 19,187 22,551 28,196 33,432
21,450 25,504 26,787 28,273 27,336
7,565 8,600 9,444 10,345 10,049
15,653 18,924 19,358 20,465 20,055
19,638 23.243 23,367 ' 28,065 28,07.>
9,103 15,105 17,035 18,259 17,096
12.652 16,129 17,138 19,675 25,943
S8.291 41.249 43.11Q 46,201 49,549
11,134 12,862 14,935 15,836 14,628
!0,277 23,014 23,791 23,402 22,363
14,928 16,738 21.024 24,136 24,162
3,014 16,712 17,800 20,197 ' 18,227
!5,935 35,352 31,907 32,215 30,638
5,113 6,024 7,23 t 7,448 7,015
2,582 10,755 9,876 10,836 9,724
5,506 36,609 33,338 40.049 41,736
5,782 35,457 35,167 38,014 35,543
9,634 22,508 27,809 33,871 35.143
1,238 14,515 18,188 20,160 18,157
7.864 20,686 22,590 28,133 29,111
5,054 35,546 14,810 14,612 13,954
7,820 27,534 25,101 24.533 22.R57
1,248 13,079 15,033 15,667 14,331
9,091 44,956 65,061 78,792 91,862
4,352 24,961 28,732 37,154 40.752
2,399 13,084 12,106 11,4(57 10,777
9,522 38,360 38,752 43,612 46,159
1,914 21,299 24,235 34,504 55,058
9,792 70,420 80,798 87,776 90,132
2.533 13,633 14,693 16,523 22,661
7,171 27,494 26,187 29,894 27,'i50
1,471 38,450 38,455 42.035 40,465
3,053 25,041 25,489 28,680 30,216
6.481 30,671 30,083 44,003 54,186
2,726 37,705 40,380 42,256 50,685
4.131 F,0,141 51,535 . 64,694 89,847
O.C22 23.691 24.341 30.446 35.094
Alexander . .
Bond
.. 626
.. 2,931
Boone
Brown
4 183 7 198 9,938
Bureau
3 067 8 841 2b 426
Calhoun
1,090 1.741 3,231 5,144
1023 4586 11,733
Carroll
Cass
2 981 7 253 11,325
Chamoaigu . .
1475 2649 14629
Christian ...
1 878 3 203 10 492
Clark
931
3,940 7,453 9,522 14,987
755 3,228 4,289 9,336
2 330 3,718 5 139 10,941
Clay
Clinton
Coles
9,616 9335 14.203
Cook
10,201 43385 144,954 3
Crawford ....
.. 2,999
3,117 4,422 7,133 11,551
3 718 8 311
Cumberland .
DeKalb
1,697 7,540 19,086
DeWitt
3,247 6,002 10,820
Douglas
7,140
Dul'age
3,535 9290 14,701
Edgar
4,071 8,225 10,692 16,925
1,649 3,070 3,524 7,454
1,675 3,799 7,816
I'Mwards ....
. . 3 444
Fayette
2,704 6,238 8,075 11,189
1,979
Ford
Franklin ....
.. 1,763
4,083 3,682 5,681 9,393
1,841 13,142 22,508 33,338
7,405 10,760 5,418 8,055
7,674 11,951 12,429 16,093
3 023 10 379
Fulton
Gnllatin
.. 3,155
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton ....
2,616 3,945 6,362 9,915
483 9,946 14,652 29,061
1.S78 2 887 3 759
Hancock
Hardin
4 612 9 501 1
Henry
41 1,260 3,809 20,660 :
1 695 4 149 12 325 2
Iroquois
Jackson
.. 1,542
1,828 3,566 5,862 9.589 ]
1 472 3 220 8 364 1
. 691
2,655 5,762 8,109 12,965 ]
4,535 7354 12051 1
Jersey
2,111 6,180 18,604 27,325 i
1,596 3,626 4,114 3,342 3
6 501 16 703 30 062 '
Johnson
.. 843
Kane
Kankake^ . . .
... 15 412 J
Kendall
7780 13074 ]
274 7,060 13,278 28.663 S
7 654 14 226 18 257 5
LaSalle
9,348 17815 48332 (
Lawrence ....
3,668 7,092 6,121 9,214 1
2 035 5 292 17 691 2
Livingston
759 1 552 11 637
Logan
2 333 5 128 14 272 2
Macon
1,122 3,039 3,988 13,738 2
1,990 7,826 12,355 24,602 5
6,221 14,433 20.441 31.351 4
2,125 4.752 6.720 12.739 2
Macoupin ....
Madison
..18,F,50
Marlon . .
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Counties.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Marshall
1,849
5,180
13,437
ll>,6J6
15.U.3G
13,653
16,370
15,679
Mason
5.021
10,931
16,184
16,244
16,067
17,491
17,377
Massac
4,092
6,213
9,581
10,443
11,314
13,110
14,200
5,308
7,616
20,069
26,509
27,984
27,467
28^12
26,887
2.578
14,918
22,089
23,762
24.914
26,114
29,759
32,509
McLean
6,565
10,163
28,772
53.988
£0,115
63,036
67,843
68,008
Menard
4.431
6,349
9,584
11,735
33,028
13,120
14,336
12,796
Mercer
26
2.352
' 5,246
15,042
18,769
19,501
18,545
20,944
19,723
Monroe
. 1,516
2,000
4,481
7,679
12,832
12,982
13,682
12,948
13,847
13,508
Montgomery ..
2,953
4.490
6.277
13.979
25,314
28.086
30,003
30,836
35,311
Morgan
12,714
19,547
16,064
22,112
28,463
31,519
32,636
35,006
34,420
Moultrie
2,234
6,385
10,385
13,705
14,481
15,224
14,630
Ogle
3,479
10,020
22,888
27,492
29,946
28,710
29,129
27,864
Peoria
6,153
17,547
36,601
47,540
55,419
70,378
88,608
100,255
Ferry
1,215
3,222
5,278
9,552
13,723
16,008
17,529
19,830
22,088
Platt
1,696
6,127
10.953
15,583
17,062
17,706
16,376
Pike ..,
. 2,396
11,728
18,819
27,249
50,768
33,761
31,000
31,595
28,622
Pope
. 2,610
3,316
4,094
3,975
6,742
11,437
13,256
14,017
13,585
11,215
Pulaski
2,264
3,943
8,752
9.507
11,355
14,554
15,650
Putnam
1,310
2,131
3,924
5,587
6,280
6,555
4,730
4,746
7,561
Randolph
. 3,492
4.429
7,944
11,079
17,205
20.859
25,691
25,049
28,001
26.120
Richland
3,012
9,711
12,803
15,546
15,019
16,391
15,970
Eock Islam! . .
2,610
6.938
21,005
29.7S3
38,314
41,917
55,249
70,404
Saline
5,588
9,331
12,714
15,940
19,342
21,686
30,204
12,960
14,716
19,228
32,274
46,352
62,902
61,195
71,593
91,029
Schuyler
2,959
6,972
10,573
14,684
17,419
16,249
16.013
16,129
14.852
Scott
6.215
7,914
9.069
10,530
10,745
10,304
10,455
10,067
Shelby
2,972
6,659
7,807
14,613
25,476
30,282
31,191
32,126
31,693
Stark
1,573
3,710
9,004
10,751
11,209
9,982
10,186
10,098
St. Clair
. 5,248
7,078
13,631
20,180
37,694
£1,068
61,850
66,571
86,685
119,870
Stepheusou ...
2.800
11,667
25,112
30,608
31,970
31,338
34,933
36,821
Tazewell
4,716
7,221
12,052
21,470
27,903
29,679
29,556
33,221
34,027
Union
. 2,362
3,239
5,524
7,615
11,181
17,51S
18.100
21,549
22,610
21,856
Vermilion ....
5,836
9.303
11,402
19,800
30,388
41,600
49,905
65,635
77,996
Wabash
2,710
4,240
4,690
7,313
8,841
9,945
11,866
12,583
14,913
Warren
308
6,739
8,176
18,336
23,174
22,940
21,281
23,163
23.313
Washington...
. 1,647
1.675
4,810
6,953
13,731
17.599
21,117
19,262
19,526
18,759
Wayne
. 1.114
2,553
5,123
6.825
12,223
10,758
21,297
23,806
27,626
25,697
White
. 4,828
6,091
7,919
8.925
12,403
16,846
23,089
25.005
25,386
23,052
Whiteside ....
2,514
5,361
18,737
27,503
30,888
30,854
34,710
34,507
Will
10,167
16,703
29,389
43,013
53,424
62.007
74,764
84,371
Williamson
2,457
7,21<>
12,241
17,3*9
19,326
22,226
27,796
45.098
Winnebago
...1...
4,609
11,773
24,491
£9,301
?0,518
39,938
47,845
63.153
Woodfora
4.415
13,282
18,956
21,630
21.429
21,822
20.506
Aggregate ... 55.162 157,445 476.183 851,470 1.711,951 2,539,831 3,077,871 3,826,351 4,821,550 5,638,391
NOTE— In 180« and 1810 the territory of Illinois
contained but two organized counties. Randolph
and St. Clair. In 1800 the population of Ran-
dolph county was 1.103 and of St. Clair 1,255,
total 2,358: in 1810 Randolph 7.275 and St. Clair
5.007, total 12.282.
COLOR. NATIVITY, PARENT-
AGE (1910).
Color.
White 5.526,962
Negro ,.... 109,049
Indian 188
Chinese 2,103
Japanese 285
Filipino 3
Hindu 1
Nativity.
Total native 4,433,277
Total foreign born 1,205,314
Native white 4,324,402
Foreign born white 1,202,569
Parentage.
Native 2,600,555
Foreign 1,232,155
Mixed 491.692
SEX (1910).
'Class. Stale. Female.
White 2,852.386 2.674,576
Negro 56.909 62,140
Other 2,379 201
Native white... 2,178,791 2,145,611
Native par'ge.1,324.922 1,275.633
For. par'tage. 611,275 620,880
Mixed par'ge. 242.594 249.098
For. born white 673,595 628.965
Urban ....1,779.839 1,697.090
Rural 1,131,835 1.029,827
STATE OR DIVISION OF
BIRTH (1910).
Illinois 3.406.638
Other states 1,026,639
Indiana 143,188
Ohio 122,391
New York 92,300
Missouri 85.161
Pennsylvania 78.116
Kentucky 74,543
Wisconsin 67.296
Iowa 57,948
Michigan 46.419
Tennessee 36,939
Kansas 19.008
Virginia 17,360
Massachusetts 16.280
Minnesota 12,753
Nebraska 11.968
New Jersey 10,434
All other* 134,535
Division.
New England ;.. 37.533
Middle Atlantic 180,850
East north central 3.785,932
West north central 190,546
South Atlantic 51.057
East south central 125.716
West south central 18,108
Mountain 7.728
Pacific 6,357
Other* 29.450
•Includes persons born in the
United States, state not speci-
fied; persons born in outlvinsr
possessions or at sea under i
United States flag, and Ameri-
can citizens born abroad.
FOREIGN WHITE STOCK BY
NATIONALITY (1910).
Includes all white persons in
Illinois of foreign birth or hav-
ing one or both parents foreign
born.
Country. Number.
Austria 280,844
Belgium 14.858
Canada— French 23.577
Canada— Other 86.092
Denmark 33,519
England 168,396
Finland 3,182
France 21,757
Germany 1,014,408
Greece 11,178
Holland .-• 32.404
Hungary 52,764
Ireland 3S0.434
Italy 116.685
Norway 68.438
Roumania 5.382
Russia 227,960
Scotland 53.609
Sweden 230,131
Switzerland 21,658
Turkey (Asia) 3.382
Turkey (Europe) 2.572
Wales 11,637
Al?. other 111,640
Total 2.926,407
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
851
M.EXANMH
PULASKI
ILLINOIS CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.
(Two at large.).
852
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
HOWXKO SI.
The 10th district also includes
)e towns of Evanston, Niles.
e\v Trier and Northfield and
county of Lake.
WYW
The 7th district also
Includes the towns of
Hanover. Schaumbere,
Elk Grove, Maine. Ley-
den. Barring- 1KylMC
ton. Palatine.
Wheeling and
Norwood Park. <.
The 6th district also in-
cludes the towns of Proviso.
Riverside, Stickney and
Lyons, the village of Oak
Park and the city of Berwyn.
Map Showing
Cool Comfy
Lying wholly or partly within the
city of Chicago and town of Cicero,
as apportioned by the 42d general
assembly : in force July 1, 1901.
Issued by board of election commis-
sioners of the city of Chicago Janu-
ary. 1914.
Light lines and figures indicate
boundaries and numbers of wards.
Heavy lines and figures indicate
boundaries and numbers of con-
gressional districts.
The 3d dis-
trict also in-
cludes the
towns of Lemont.
Palos, Orland. Worth.
Bremen, Thornton, Rich, Bloom, Calumet.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
853
The 6th district also includes
of the town of
ide of the city of
those parts of
Niles and New
the city of Evans-
all that
Evansto
Chicago
the tc
Tri
ivithic
ind
af
The 23d district also
includes the village of ^
Oak Park. "
The 19th district also in- 19: z
eludes the city of Berwyn
and the town of Riverside.
The 7th district includes
the towns of Thornton.
Bloom. Rich. Bremen, Or-
land, Lemont. Palos.
Worth. Lyons. Stickney,
Proviso. Leyden, Elk Grove.
Schaumberg, Hanover. Bar-
rinKton, Palatine. Wheel-
ing, Northfleld, that part of
the town of New Trier out-
side of the city of Evans-
ton, that part of the town
of Niles outside of the city
of Chicago and outside of
the city of Evanston. and
those parts of the towns of
Norwood Park and Maine
outside of Chicago.
Map Showing
Cool Comfy Senatorial
Districts
Lying wholly or partly within the
city of Chicago and town of
Cicero as apportioned by the 42d
general assembly and in force
July 1. 1901.
Heavy lines and figures Indicate
boundaries and numbers of
senatorial districts. Lighter
lines and figures indicate bound-
aries and numbers of wards.
The 13th district
also includes that
part of the town
of Calumet, outside
of Chicago.
854
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
MAP OF
ILLINOIS
SHOWING
SENATORIAL APPORTIONMENT
COOK COUHJ Y DISTRICTS.
1st, 2nt, 3rd. «tt>. Sth, 6th. 7th,
fit/I, m*. I3t*. 15th. 17th, 19th.
21si. 23nl. 2Stl!. 27th, 29th and 31st.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
855
ILLINOIS SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
Established May 10. 1901.
The establishment of new ward lines by the
ordinance of Dec. 4. 1911, having made the
terms of the state, senatorial apportionment act
of 1901 inapplicable or misleading so far as con-
cerns Chicago, the districts lying within or part-
ly within the city are herewith described in
accordance with their street boundaries.
Dist.
1. From Lake Michigan west and south along
the Chicago river to 22d street, east to Clark,
south to 26th, west to Princeton avenue, south
to S2d, east to South Park avenue, south to
33d, east to the lake, northward along lake
shore to river. (South side.)
2. From South Racine avenue west on Madison
to North Ashland boulevard, north to Wash-
ington boulevard, west to Western avenue,
south to 12th, west to California avenue, south
to 16th. east to Lafllp, north to Taylor, east
to Loomis. north to Van Bnren, 'east to South
Racine avenue, north to Madison. (West side.)
3. From Clark street west on 22d to river,
southwest along river to Halsted, south to
34th, east to Union avenue, south to 35th,
east to Parnell avenue, south to 39th, east
to State, south to 43d, east to Lake Michigan,
northwest along lake shore to 33d, west to
South Park avenue, north to 32<1, west to
Princeton avenue, north to 26th, east to Clark,
north to 22d. (South side.)
4. From State street west on 39th to South
Cicero avenue, south to 65th, east to Rock
Island tracks, south to 67th place, east to
State, north to 39th. (Southwest side.)
6. From Lake Michigan west on 43d to State,
south to 71st. east to Cottage Grove avenue,
north to 63d, «ast to the lake, northwest along
. lake shore to 43d. (South side.)
6. From Lake Michigan west on Devon avenue
to Clark, south to Irving Park boulevard,
east to Racine avenue, south to Fullerton
avenue, east to Halsted, south to North
avenue, west to river, along river northwest
to Belmont avenue, east to Western avenue,
north to Devon avenue, west to Kedzie, north
to Howard: also all that part of the town of
Evanston lying outside the city of Chicago, and
those parts of the towns of Niles and New
Trier lying within the city of Evauston.
(North side.)
7. Towns of Thornton. Bloom, Rich, Bremen,
Orland, Lemont, Palos, Worth, Lyons, Stick-
ney, Proviso, Leyden, Elk Grove, Schaumberg,
Hanover, Barflngton. Palatine, Wheeling,
Northneld; that part of Niles outside the city
of Chicago and outside the city of Evanston:
that part of New Trier outside the city of
Evanston, and those parts of the towns of
Norwood Park and Maine outside of Chicago,
all in Cook county.
8. Lake. McHenry and Boone counties.
9. From Halsted street southwest along river
to Hoyne avenue, north to 16th, west to Cali-
fornia avenue, south and southwest along
C., B. & Q. tracks to Clifton Park avenue,
west to Central Park avenue, south to Illinois
and Michigan canal, southwest to 39th, east to
Parnell avenue, north to 35th. west to Union
avenue, north to 34th, west to Halsted, north
to river. (Southwest side.)
10. Ogle and Winnebago counties.
11. From State street west on 57th place to
Rock Island tracks, north to Garfield boule-
vard (55th street), west to South Cicero ave-
nue, south to 87th, east to Western avenue,
south to 107th, «ast to Halsted, north to 103d.
east to Stewart avenue, north to 99th. east to
State, north to 67th place. (Southwest side.)
12. Stephenson, Jo Daviess and Carroll counties.
13. From Indiana avenue east on 138th to Illinois
and Indiana state line, north to Lake Michi-
gan, northwest along lake shore to 63d, west
to Cottage Grove avenue, south to 71st. west
to State, south to 99th, west to Stewart ave-
nue, south to 103d, west to Halsted, south to
107th: and all *hat part of the town of Calu-
met lying outside the city of Chicago. (South
side.)
14. Kane and Kendall counties.
15. From the river west on Maxwell to John-
• son, south to 14th, west to Throop, south to
16th, west to Hoyne avenue, south to Illinois
and Michigan canal, northeast along canal and
river to Maxwell. (West side.)
16. Marshall, Putnam, Livingston and Woodford
counties.
17. From the river west on • Van Buren to
Loomis, south to Taylor, west to Laflin, south
to 16th, east to Throop, north to 14th, east
to Johnson, north to Maxwell, east to river,
along river northwest to Van Buren. (West
side.)
18. Peoria county.
19. From South Cicero avenue east on 39th to
Illinois and Michigan canal, northeast along
canal to Central Park avenue, north to 24th
east to Clifton Park avenue, north to C., B
& Q. tracks, northeast along tracks to Cali-
fornia avenue, north to 12th. east to Western
avenue, north to Washington boulevard, west
to Homan avenue, north to Kinzie, west to
South Cicero avenue, south to 12th. west to
Austin avenue: also the city «f Berwyn and
the town of Riverside. '(West side.)
20. Kankakee, Grundy and Iroquois counties.
21. From Ashland avenue west on Chicago ave-
nue to Park avenue, south to Lake, west to
Austin avenue, south to 12th. east to South
Kenton avenue, north to Kinzie. east to Ho-
man, south to Washington boulevard, east to
Ashland avenue, north to Kinzie, east to
Green, north to Milwaukee avenue, northwest
to Cornell, west to Holt, north to Augusta,
west to Ashland avenue, south to Chicago
avenue. (West side.)
22. Vermilion and Edgar counties.
23. From Austin avenue east on Lake to Park
avenue.N north to Chicago avenue, east to
Ashland avenue, north to North avenue, west
to Harlem avenue; and village of Oak Park.
(West side.)
24. Champaign, Piatt and Moultrie counties.
25. From Western avenue west on Devon avenue.
Fulton and Hamilton to city limits, south on
Winter to Everill avenue/ east to 73d avenue,
south to Bryn Mawr avenue, east to North
Maynard avenue, south to Irving Park boule-
vard, west to Harlem avenue, south to North
avenue, east to Robey, north to Fulterton ave-
nue, east to river, northwest along river to
Belmont avenue, east to Western avenue,
north to Devon avenue. (Northwest side.)
26. Ford and McLean countira.
27. From the river west on Fullerton avenue to
Robey. south to North avenue, east to Ashland
avenue, south to Augusta, east to Holt, south
to Cornell, east to Milwaukee avenue, south-
east to Green, south to Kinzie, west to Ash-
land avenue, south to Madison, east to South
Racine avenue, south to Van Buren, east to
river and northwest along river to Fullerton
avenue. (West side.)
28. Logan, DeWitt and Macon counties.
29. From Lake Michigan west on Schiller to
State, south to Goethe, west to Sedgwlck,
north to Sigel. west to Cleveland avenue,
south to Clybourn avenue, northwest to Lar-
rabee, south to Division, west to Halsted.
south to river, thence along river southeast
and east to Lake Michigan, north along lake
shore to Schiller. (North side.)
30. Tazewell, Mason, Menard, Cass, Brown and
Schuyler counties.
31. From Lake Michigan west on Devon avenue
to Clark street, south and southeast to Irving
Park boulevard, east to Racine avenue, south
to Fullerton avenue, east to Halsted, south to
North avenue, west to river, southeast along
river to Halsted. north to 'Division, east to
Larrabee, north to Clybourn avenue, southeast
to Cleveland avenue, north to Sigel, east to
856
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Sedgwick, south to Goethe, east to Stato.
north to Schiller, east to Lake Michigan, north
and northwest along lake shore to Devon ave-
nue. (North side.)
32. MeDonough, Hancock and Warren counties.
33. Rock Island. Mercer and Henderson counties.
34. Douglas. Coles and Clark counties.
35. Whiteside, Lee and Dekalb counties'. \
36. Scott, Calhoun, Pike and Adams counties.
37. Henry, Bureau and Stark counties.
38. Greene, Montgomery. Jersey and Macoupiu
counties.
39. LaSalle county.
40. Christian. Shelby, Fayette and Cumberland
counties.
41. DuPage and Will counties.
42. Clinton, Marion, Clay and Efflngham coun-
ties.
43. Knox and Fulton counties.
44. Washington. Randolph, Perry, Monroe and
Jackson counties.
45. Morgan and Sangamoo counties.
46. Jefferson, Wayne, Richland and Jasper
counties.
47. Madison and Bond counties.
48. Hardin. Gallatin, White, Edwards. Wa*>ash.
Lawrence and Crawford counties.
49. St. Clair county. _
50. Franklin, Williamson. Union. Alexander and
Pulaski counties.
51. Hamilton, Saline. Pope. Johnson aud Massac
counties.
AREA AND POPULATION OF ILLINOIS CITIES.
Land area In acres July 1, 1915 ; population es-
timated by United States census bureau for July
1. 1916 ; only places having a population of 8,000
or more in 1910 included.
Acres. Population.
Alton city 3,929.6 22,874
Aurora city 4,245.0 34,204
Belleville city 3,018.1 21,149
Bloomington city 2,974.6 27,258
Blue Island village 1,341.0 9,254
Cairo city 1,440.0 15,794
Canton city 1,002.8 13,262
Centralia city 1,970.0 11,538
Champaign city 2,320.0 14,508
Chicago city 121,502.6 2,497,722
Chicago Heights city 1,480.0 21,693
Cicero town 3,677.0 19,974
Danville city 6,000.0 32,261
Decatur city 4,281.4 39,631
De Kalb city 800.0 9,482
East St. Louis city 7,828.0 74.708
Elgin city 4,331.1 28,203
Evanston city 4.464.1 28,012
Freeport city 2,543.0 19,568
GalesBurg city 5,760.0 24,276
Granite city 2,540.0 15,142
Acres. Population.
Jacksonville city 3,500.0 " 15,481
Joliet city 2,430.0 38,010
Kankakee city 2,157.0 14,230
Kewanee city 1,970.0 13,561
LaSalle city 1,250.0 12,221
Lincoln city 2,689.1 11,838
Mattoon city 2,750.0 12,582
May wood village 1,524.9 10,529
Moline city 3,546.0 27,451
Monmouth city 1,440.0 10,177
Mount Vernon city 1,780.0 9.760
Oak Park village 2.880.0 26,654
Ottawa city 2,353.0 *9,535
Pekin city 4,314.2 10,823
Peoria city 6,020.0 71,458
Quincy city 3,799.6 36,798
Rock Island city 3,904.0 28,926
Rockford city 5,967.0 55,185
Springfield city 5.529.0 61,120
Streator city 2,076.0 14,304
Urbana city 1,280.0 9,889
Waukegan city 3,360.0 20,244
Color, nativity, sex and other
details as to inhabitants of places
having a population of 25,000 or
more, excepting Chicago, which
is treated separately.
Aurora.
Population , 29,807
White 29,511
Negro 293
Chinese 2
Japanese 1
Native white — Native par.. 12,232
Foreign or mixed par 10,577
Foreign-born white 6,702
Male population 15,118
Female population 14,689
Males of voting age 9,711
Naturalized 1,795
First papers 171
Alien 1.150
Illiterate 494
Attending school 4.517
Dwellings 6.235
Families 6.864
filoominoton.
Population 25,768
White 24,953
Negro 809
Indian 1
Chinese 6
Native white— Native par.. 14,642
Foreign or mixed par 6,904
Foreign-born white 3.407
Male population 12,321
Female population 13,447
Males of voting age 8,009
Naturalized 1,152
First papers 53
Alien 137
Illiterate 260
Attending school 4,269
Dw'lUngs 6,082
Families 6,455
•Population April 15, 1910; decrease since 1900;
no estimate made.
POPULATION IN 1910.
Danville. Native white — Native par.. 30,447
Population 27.871
White 26,393
Negro 1,465
Indian 1
Chinese 12
Native white — Native par.. 19, 951
Foreign or mixed par 4,874
Foreign-born white 1,998
Male population 13,721
Female population 14.150
Males, of voting age 8,514
Naturalized 727
First papers 46
Alien 60
Illiterate 544
Attending school 4,983
Dwellings / 6.793
Families 7,167
Decaiur.
Population 31,140
White .30,354
Negro 776
Chinese 7
Japanese 3
Native white— native par.. 22,566
Foreign or mixed par 5,366
Foreign-born white 2,422
Male population 15,443
Female population 15,697
Males of voting age 9,703
Naturalized 694
First papers 53
Allen 270
Illiterate 330
Attending school 5,199
Dwellings 7,131
Families 7,588
East St. Louis.
Population 58,547
White 52,646
Negro 5,882
Chinese 19
Foreign or mixed par — 12,799
Foreign-born white 9,400
Male population 32,363
Female population 26, 184
Males of voting age 21,005
Naturalized 1,613
First papers 374
Alien 2,701
Illiterate 2,614
Attending school 8,519
Dwellings . . «. 11,628
Families 12,888
Elgin.
Population 25,976
White 25,794
Negro ni
Chinese 10
Japanese i
Native white — Native par.. 10, 346
Foreign or mixed par 9,787
Foreign-boru white 5,661
Male population 12,290
Female population 13,686
Males of voting age 7,910
Naturalized 1,608
First papers 127
Alien 280
Illiterate 615
Attending school 4,274
Dwellings 5,3g3
Families 6.024
Joliet.
Population 34,670
White 34,161
Negro 497
Chinese 12
Native white — Native par.. 9,753
Foreign or mixed par 13,967
Foreign-born white 10,441
Male population 18,417
Female population 16,253
Males of voting age 11,477
Naturalized 2.483
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
857
First papers 284
Alien 2.671
Illiterate 1,619
Attending school 5.863
Dwellings 6.005
Families 7.1»9
Peoria.
Population 66,950
White 65,361
Negro 1-.569
Indian 1
Chinese 17
Japanese 1
Native white — Native par.. 36,615
Foreign or mixed par 19,936
Foreign-born white 8,810
Male population 34,362
Female population 32,586
Males of voting age 23,054
Naturalized 2,598
First papers 191
Alien 1,620
Illiterate 724
Attending school 10,124
Dwellings 14,111
Families 15.225
Quincy.
Population 36,587
White 34,978
Negro 1,596
Chinese 12
Japanese 1
Native white— Native par.. 19, 103
Foreign or mixed par 12,234
Foreign-born white 3,641
Male population 17.879
Female population 18,708
Males of voting age 11,388
Naturalized 1,342
First papers 21
Alien 51
Illiterate 552
Attending school 5,729
Dwellings 7,685
Families 8,792
Bockford.
Population 45,401
White 45,196
Negro 197
Chinese 7
Japanese 1
Native white — Native par.. 15,395
Foreign or mixed par.... 15, 973
Foreign-born white. . 13,828
population 23,302
Males of voting age 15,014
N-aturalized 4,094
First papers 625
Alien 1.822
Illiterate 761
Attending school 7.02&
Dwellings 8,802
Families 10,437
Sprina field.
Population 51,678
White 48,69*
Negro 2,961
Indian 7'
Chinese 11
Native white — Native par. .27,944
Foreign or mixed par 13,855
Foreign-born white 6,900
Male population 25,488
Female population 26,190
Males of voting age 16,090
Naturalized 1,940
first papers 242
Alien 454
Illiterate 1,381
Atteuuing school 8,064
Dwellings 11,214
Families 11,805
Male
Female population 22,'J39
NOTE — In the above tables those classed as I The figures for school attendance Include persons
Illiterate are persons 10 years of age or over. I 6 to 20 years inclusive.
THE SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO.
Offices: Room 700. 910 S. Michigan avenue.
President— Charles H. Sergei.
Clerk— John McGillen.
Treasurer — George M. Reynolds.
Chief Engineer — George M. Wisner.
Electrical Engineer— G. S. Brack.
Attorney — Edmund D. Adcock.
Board of Trustees — Terms expire in 1920:
Wallace G. Clark, R.; George W. Paullin, R.;
Patrick J. Carr, D,; Terms expire in 1922:
Charles H. Sergei, R.; James H. Lawley, R. ;
Matthias A. Mueller, R. Terms expire in
1924: William J. Healy, R.; Willis O. Nance,
R.: Harry E. Littler. R.
Salaries— President, $7,500: trustees, $5,000;
chief engineer, $11,000; electrical engineer,
$11,000; attorney, $11,000.
CHRONOLOGY.
First investigation made in 1885.
Sanitary bill signed May 29, 1889.
Sanitary district organized Jan. 18, 1890.
Earth broken ("shovel day") Sept. 3, 1892.
Lake water turned into canal Jan. 2, 1900.
Formal opening of canal Jan. 17, 1900.
DIMENSIONS OF CANAL.
Length of main and power channel. 39.16 miles.
Length of river, lake to Robey street. 6 miles.
Length of river diversion channel, 13 miles.
Width main channel, Robey street to Summit:
Bottom. 160 feet: top. 198.
Width main channel. Summit to Willow
Springs: Bottom, 202 feet; top, 225.
Width main channel. Willow Springs to Lock-
port (rock section): Bottom, 160 feet; top,
162.
Width river diversion channel: Bottom, 200
feet.
Minimum depth of water in main channel, 22
feet.
Current in earth sections, 1 ]4 miles per hour.
Current in rock sections. 1.9 miles per hour.
Present capacity of canal. 300.000 cubic feet
per minute.
Total amount of excavation, 44,005,647 cubic
yards. .
The north shore channel, extending from
Lawrence nyenue to Lake Michigan, in the
village of Wilmette, is about 8 miles long with
a water depth of 13.6 feet.
The construction of the Calumet-Sag canal
to tnke care of the Calumet region sewage
was begun in the summer of 1911. When
completed it will be 16 miles long. Its esti-
mated cost is $14,000,000.
TERRITORIAL, EXTENT.
Embraces all of the City of Chicago and
various towns and villages lying to the north,
south and west of the city — Glencoe, Win-
netka, Kenil worth, Wilmette, Glenview, Evans-
ton, Morton Grove, Niles Center, Norwood
Park, River Grove, Melrose Park. Maywood.
Shermeryille, River Forest. Forest Park, Oak
Park, Riverside, Lyons, Summit, Argo, Ever-
green Park. Northfield. New Trier, Ridgeville.
Proviso, Berwyn, Cicero. Worth. Calumet.
Thornton. Blue Island. Harvey. Riverdale.
South Holland, Mount Greenwood. West Ham-
mond and Burnham. The territorial extent
of the sanitary district is approximately 388
square miles.
REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
From, organization to Dec. 31. 1917.
Revenues.
Taxation : $76,902, 618.47
Bonds outstanding ?. . . 14,775,000.00
Anticipation tax warrants out-
standing 2,500,000.00
Interest on loans 451,677.53
Interest on bank balances.... 588.996.16
Land revenue 894,804.91
Water service 101,575.69
From electrical department —
Working capital 202,824.18
Replacement funds 1,047,178.24
Interest on investment 1,340,944.93
Interest on loans 5,072.38
Interest during construction. 282,291.49
Profits transferred 002.298.47
Earnings invested in plant.. 857,810.36
Miscellaneous 11.495.19
Expenditures.
Interest ...................
Electrical department —
Capital investment .........
Interest on replacement funds
Right of way, construction,
operation, etc ..............
Administration and general ----
Emergency funds ............
Due from city of Chicago, etc. .
Cash in hands of treasurer...
$100,564.588.00
$16,052,362.42
4,289.285.72
138,105.42
66,591,842.22
7.005.811.17
21,500.00
4,683.493.71
1.782.187.34
$100.564.588.00
858
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOU 1919.
ILLINOIS STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES.
Elected Sept. 11. 1918.
REPUBLICAN.
Headquarters — Chicago.
Chairman— Frank L. Smith, Dwight.
Secretary — Justus L. Johnson. Aurora.
Treasurer — Charles H. Sergei, Chicago.
Dist.
1. Adolph Marks. 115 S. State-st. Chicago.
2. Charles H. Sergei. 4578 Oaken wald-av., Chi-
cago.
3. Harry A. Lewis. 6629 Harva,rd-av., Chicago.
4. Thomas J. Finucane, 2912 Looinis-st., Cni-
caso.
5. William Sikyta, 1800 S. Morgan-st., Chicago.
6. Leland S. Rapp, 29 S. Oakley-bd.. Chicago.
7. John P. Garner. 617 N. Central-av., Chicago.
8. William J. Anderson. 1347 W. Huron-st., Chi-
cago.
9. Fred W. Upham. 2344 Lincoln Park west. Chi-
cago.
10. George W. Paullin, 1908 Shrt-idan-rd.. Evans-
ton.
11. Justus L. Johnson, Aurora.
12. Adam C. Cliffe, Sycamore.
13. James P. Overholser. Sterling.
14. Walter A. Rosenfleld. Rock Island.
15. George H. Wilson, Quincy.
16. Garrett DeF. Kinney, Peoria.
17. Frank L. Smith, Dwight.
18. Len Small, Kankakee.
19. Henry P. Harris. Monticello.
20. S. Elmer Simpson, Carrollton.
21. Lewis H. Miner, Springfield.
22. Cicero J. Lindly, Greenville.
23. George A. Brown, Brownstown.
24. Noah C. Bainuin. Carmi. ,
25. Henry H. Kohn, Anna.
DEMOCRATIC.
Headquarters — Hotel Sherman, Chicago.
Chairman — Ernest Hoover. Taylorville.
Secretary — Isaac B. Craig, Mattoon.
Treasurer— Henry Stuckart, Chicago.
Dist.
1. John J. Coughlin, 2034 Indiana-av., Chicago.
2. James Joseph Kelly. 4310 Vincennes-av., Chi-
cago.
3. Terrence F. Moran, 5634 S. Ada-st.. Chicago.
4. Michael J. Donkin. 2451 S. California-av.. Chi-
cago.
5. Earth P. Collins. 926 W. 19th-st., Chicago.
«. Stephen D. Griffin, 2935 W. Adams-st., Chi-
cago.
7. William Kells. 649 N. Sawyer-av., Chicago.
8. James O'Connor. 327 S. Racine-av., Chicago.
9. Edmond Muleahy, 160 E. Ontario-st., Chicago.
10. John P. Dougherty. 6145 Glenwood-av., Chi-
cago.
11. Thomas F. Donovan. Joliet.
12. William F. McNajiiara. LaSalle.
13. Douglas Pattison, Freeport.
14. Ira J. O'Hara. Macomb.
15. Jackson R. Pearce, Quincy.
16. James M. Daugherty. Chillicothe.
17. T. F. Clinton. Pontiac.
18. James Dwyer, Danville.
19. Isaac B. Craig. Mattoon.
20. Charles R. Barnes. Ne'bo.
21. Ernest Hoover, Taylorville
22. Jerry J. Kane, East St. Louis.
23. George W. Fithian, Newton.
24. Val B. Campbell. McLeansboro.
25. Reed Green. Cairo.
SOCIALIST.
Headquarters— Room 312. 803 W. Madison-st.
Secretary-Treasurer— Oliver C. Wilson, room 312,
803 W. Madison-st.
Executive Committee— Frank H. Hall. 1706 6th-st.,
Rockford ; Edgar Owens. 433 16th-av., Moline ;
J. C. Sjodin, 1204 Florence-av., Galesburg ;
Charles V. Johnson. 11353 Stephenson-av., Chi-
cago; Claude F. Neider. 418 W. 69th-st.. Chi-
cago.
Dist. State Central Committeemen.
1. Arthur E. Halm. 2?08 Calumet-av.. Chicago.
IMst.
2. Charles V. Johnson, 11353 Stephenson-av., Chi-
3. Claude F. Neider. 418 W. 69th-st.. Chicago.
4. Louis Cejka, 2740 S. Turner-av., Chicago.
5. Charles Toepper, 2637 W. 20th-st., Chicago.
6. H. E. Wickwire. 3334 W. Madisou-st., Chi-
cago.
7. Thonias L. Slater. 648 N. Leamington-av.. Chi-
cago.
8. (Vacancy.)
9. William Acker. 676 N. LaSalle-st.. Chicago.
10. James W. Marshall. 4955 N. Western-av.. Chi-
cago.
11. F. L. Raymond. Aurora.
12. Frank H. Hall. Rockford.
13. Clarence C. Brooks. Dixon.
14. Edgar Owens. Moline.
15. J. C. Sjodin. Galesburg.
16. Louis Bierman. Peoria.
17. (Vacancy.)
18. Clarence B. Adams, Danville.
19. Stephen L. Wood. Decatur.
20. Oliver J. McCune. Beardstown.
21. John Olson, Springfield.
22. Thomas H. Whitehead, Alton.
23. Sidney Sullens, Trenton.
24. Ernest Gifford. Eldorado.
25. U. S. A. Gadbois. Villa Ridge.
PROHIBITION.
Elected April 11. 1916.
Headquarters— Springfield.
Chairman— Robert H. I'atton, Springfield.
Secretary— George W. Woolsey, Bloomington.
Dist.
1. Leo F. Jeanmene, 608 S. Dearborn-st., Chicago.
2. Oliver W. Stewart, Indianapolis. Ind.
3. Charles G. Kindred, 6421 Stewart-av., Chicago.
4. William Berg, 2443 S. St. Louis-av., Chicago.
f>. Amos H. Leaman, 639 W. 18th-st.. Chicago.
6. Mrs. O. W. Dean. 727 Oak!ey-bd., Chicago.
7. Mrs. Maude M. Mahler. Franklin Park.
8. Mrs. O. L. Stangeland, 1268 W. Erfe-st.. Chi
cago.
9. J. M. Hestenes, 1502 Hudson-av., Chicago.
10 Charles R. Jones, Evanstdn.
11. Alonzo E. Wilson, 106 N. LaSalle-st.. Chicii-n.
12. F. K. Hook, Grand Ridge.
13. F. D. Lahman, Franklin Grove.
14. J. J. Milne, Monmouth.
15. H. O. Munson, Rushville.'
16. L. J. Kendall, LaMoille.
17. Marion Gallup, Pontiac.
18. George W. Woolsey, Bloomington.
19. John L. Wateon. Sullivan.
20. Irvin C. Woodriim, Tallula.
21. Robert H. Patton. Springfield.
22. Rev. E. G. Burritt, Greenville.
23. John H. Shup, Newtcn.
24. Van DeSullins, Mi-tropolis.
25. li. A. Dubois, Cobden.
At Large.
Mrs. Bionville Tovey, Gales,burg. '
Mrs. Mary A. Wittcmore, Peoria.
Mrs. Florence S. Hyde, Chicago.
Miss Clara Ilamin, El Paso.
COOK COUNTY COMMITTEES.
COOK COUNTY REPUBLICAN EXECUTIVF
COMMITTEE.
Headquarters— 805 Otis building.
Clian-man — Homer K. Galpin.
Vi^e-Chairman— Martin B. Madden.
Treasurer— LeRoy Millner.
Secretary— William H. Weber.
Assistant Secretary — George Walker.
Ward.
1. Francis P. Brady. 119 E. 20th-st.
2. Martin B. Madden. 701 Tacoma building.
3. Robert R. Levy, 4639 Prairie-av.
4. George J. Fefer. 3232 Princeton-av.
5. Edward R. Litsinger. 1119 Conway building.
6. Roy O. West, 1340 First National Bank bid*.
7. Isaac N. Powell. 39 S. LaSalle-st.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
339
Ward.
8. Waiter E. Schmidt, 7315 South SUore-av.
9. Edward K. Erstman, 11300 Forrestville-av.
10. Thomas Curran, 2023 S. Racine-av.
11. Charles V. Barrett, 140 N. Dearborn-st.
12. A. W. Miller, 3135 Carlisle-pi.
13. David W. Clark, 3125 Warren-av.
14. A. N. Todd, 514 N. Hamlin-av.
15. Niels Juul, 1127 N. Sacramento-av.
16. Joseph P. Kinsella, Humboldt park refectory.
17. Lewis D. Sitts, 1471 Grand-av.
18. Homer K. Galpin. 1348 Otis building.
19. Christopher Mamer, 720 Reaper block.
20. Morris Eller, 1301 S. Peoria-st.
21. Oscar Hebel, 1342 N. Dearborn-st.
22. Charles G. Kempf, 913 Concord-pi.
23. Edward J. Brundage, 110 S. Dearborn-st.
24. Leonard A. Brundage, 2210 Clifton-av.
25. George K. Schmidt, 160-1 Clybourn-av.
28. John C. Cannon, 4047 N. Hermitage-av.
27. LeRoy Millner, 734 Otis building.
28. Joseph F. Kaas, 2712 Fullerton-av.
29. Ernest Withall. 6435 S. Hermitage-av.
30. Thomas J. llealy, 35th-st. and Archer-aT.
31. William H. Reid, 608 city hall.
32. Charles A. Williams, 69 W. Washington-st.
33. George Hitzman, 3554 Dickens-av.
34. Charles Vavrik, 1823 S. Harding-av.
3o Charles J. Peters. 1429 N. Avers-av.
Dist. Country Districts.
1. John Mackler, 347 W. 16th-st., Chicago Heights.
2. William H. Weber, Blue Island.
3. Peter M. Hoffman, 240 Lee-st., Des Plainos.
4. Joseph Carolan, £77 Park-av., River Forest.
5. William Busse, Mount Prospect.
6. Dr. Frank H. Anderson, 1113 Sherman-st.,
Evanston. — — -
MANAGING COMMITTEE. OF THE DEMO-
CRATIC PARTY OF COOK COUNTY.
Headquarters— Parlor A, Hotel Sherman.
Chairman — James M. Dailey, Karpen building.
Secretary— William P. Feeney, 337 county bldg.
Assistant Secretary — John F. Quinlan, Hotel
Sherman.
Financial Secretary — F^ed W. Block!. 11 N.
LaSalle-st.
Ward.
1. Michael Kenna. 307 S. Clark-st.
2. William J. Graham, 511 county building.
3. Thomas D. Nash, 111 W. Washington-st.
4. James M. Dailey, Karpen building.
5. Patrick J. Carr, Karpen building.
6. John P. Gibbons, 175 W. Jackson-bd.
7. James M. Whalen, 412 county building.
8. John H. Mack, 233 county building.
9. John J. Leonard, 217 county building.
10. Joseph W. Cermak, 1441 W. 18th-st.
11. A. J. Sabath. 29 S. LaSalle-st.
12. Anton J. Cermak, city hall.
13. Martin J. O'Brien, 217 county building.
14. Patrick, A. Nash, 10 S. LaSalle-st.
15. Thomas P. Keane, 337 county building.
16. Stanley H. Kunz, 1349 Noble-st.
17. Joseph Rushkewicz, city hall.
18. Bernard J. Grogan, 229 S. Racine-av.
19. John Powers, 162 W. Washington-st.
20. Dennis J. Egan, 308 city hall.
21. John F. O'Malley, 545 Peoples Gas building.
22. Rudolph L. Schapp. 308 city hall.
23. Joseph L. Gill, 212 county building.
24. Frank F. Roeder, 3021 Southport-av.
25. Harry R. Gibbons, 1220 W. Lake-st.
26. Henry A. Zender, county building.
27. Neil Murley, 3553 Elston-av.
28. Frank Pasclien, 111 W. Washlngton-st.
29. Emmett Whealan. 5629 S. Seeley-av.
30. James F. Heffernnn, 929 W. 53d-pl.
31. Michael K. Sheridan, 315 county building.
32. Frank J. Walsh, 54 W. Austin-av.
33. Timothy J. Crowe, 233 county building.
34. Joseph O. Kostner, 1404 Independence-bd.
35. William P. Feeney, 337 county building.
Country Districts.
Evunston — Frank H. McCulloch.
Lenr.ont — Francis M. Keoush.
Chicago HeivrMs— Samuel Clcmnltz.
Melrose Park— Peter Wolf.
Oak Park— Ross C. Hall.
TUB PROHIBITION CENTRAL COMMITTEE
OF COOK COUNTY.
Chairman— Leo F. Jeanmene, 608 S. Dearborn-st.
Vice-Chairman — S. J. A. Conner, 9716 Vanderpoel-av.
Secretary — Maude M. Mahler, Franklin Park.
Treasurer — John Harper, 42 N. Lockwood-av.
Executive Committee — Leo F. Jeanmene, S. J. A.
Conner, Maude M. Mahler, John Harper, Win.
Berg, Edward E. Blake, Charles B. Hull, O.
F. Sorber, J. A. Murray.
Ward.
1. Leo F. Jeanmene, 608 S. Dearborn-st.
2. Robert L. Mix. 3157 South Park-av.
3. Cora M. Stanton, 928 E. 44th-st.
4. Rev. Ernest Symonds, 2899 Archer-av.
5. John W. Zug, 2252 W. 37th-st.
6. R. A. Doubt, 731 E. 50th-st.
7. C. F. Johnson, 906 E. 62d-st.
8. C. A. Bacon, 9138 Commercial-av.
9. G. A. Selven, 34 W. 109th-st.
10. Rev. H. Schindeman, 1537 Hastings-st.
11. W. J. Homer, 1527 Hastings-st.
12. William Berg, 2443 S. St. Louis-av
13. Dr. Geo. H. Van Dyke, 3415 W. Van Buren st.
14. Mrs. Ivy D. Vennard, 1754 Washington-bd.
15. J. A. Downs, 2032 Augusta-st.
16. Edward Horth, 1528 Holt-av.
17. Mrs. O. L. Stangeland, 1208 W. Erie-st.
18. H. C. Powell, 608 S. Hoyne-av.
19. William Marshall, 828 Gilpin-pl.
20. A. H. Leaman, 639 W. 18th-st.
21. A. P. Ford, 606 St. Clair-st.
2-3. Wm. H. Youngberg, 2021 Howe-st.
23. Charles F. Blank, 3110 Seminary-ay.
24. Mrs. Henry Lighthall, 1613 Diversey-av.
25. Miss Eunice Peter, 6221 Glenwood-av.
26. Ray N. Lloyd, 4409 N. Ashland-av.
27. O. F. Sorber, 4241 Roscoe-st.
28. E. L. Williamson, 2525 Moffatt-st.
?,9. John W. Cranker, 6923 S. Ashland-av.
30. L. J. Holloway, 4547 Emerald-av.
31. Sven Linderoth, 5524 S. Honore-st.
32. S. J. A. Conner, 9716 Vanderpoel-av.
33. John Harper, 42 N. Lockwood-av.
34. Mrs. Jenni" R. Elsworth. 4018 W. 22d-st.
35. Elfleda Benjamin, 4252 W. Jackson-bd.
Country Towns.
Bairington— J. F. Gieske, Barrington.
Bloom— Irving W. Kelley, Chicago Heights.
Berwyn— H. P. Albaugh, Berwyn.
Cicero— Louise Tempest, 2721 58th-ct.
Orland— A. C. Loebe, Orland.
Palos — Lloyd Spencer, Palos Park.
New Trier — Stuart S. Crippen, Winnetka.
Palatine — Vashti Lambert, Palatine.
Maine — F. W. Hensch, Des Plaines.
Riverside — George Brosseau, Riverside.
Ridgefleld — J. A. Murray, Evanston.
Thornton — John M. Cox, Harvey.
Leyden— Florence Kelly, Franklin Park.
Lemont — Gust Ankarberg, Lemout.
Worth— O. W. King, Blue Island.
Lyons— J. W. Troeger, LaGrange.
Proviso — A. N. Boggs, Brookfiold.
Wheeling— Wm. M. Guild, Arlington Heights.
Caiumet— J. S. Bechtel, Blue Island.
Northfleld— Thomas Heslington, Glen View.
Rich — Van Dyke Fort, Flossmoor.
Oak Park— Edward E. Blake, 813 S. Lombard-av.
SOCIALIST PARTY OF COOK COUNTY.
Headquarters— 803 West Madison street.
Chairman— William Acker, 676 North LaSallo
street.
Secretary Cook County Socialist Party Central
Committee— Ernest A. Hoerich, 959 Willow
street.
Wftrd Commttteemen.
1. C. Y. Peachey. 232 W. South Water-st.
2. James Barnes, 3216 Indiana-av.
3. E. D. Loewenthal, 4601 Woodlawn-av.
4. James McNulty, 2843 Wallace-st.
5. Jacob Levenberg, 3415 8. Halsted-st.
6. Albert Newberg. 310 E. 53d-st.
7. W. E. McDerniut, 1515 E. 65th-st.
8. T. P. Costello, 2705 K. 75th-pl.
9. Joseph A. Gajeski. 514 W. llStfc-st.
860
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Ward.
10. Joseph Tesar, 1841 Throop-st.
11. William Lewin, 2121 W. 29th-st.
12. John Bielanski, 2139 S. Albany-av.
13. A. L. Liesmer, 424 S. Oakley-bd.
14. G. G. Ware, 153 N. Hermitage-av.
15. D. M. Madsen, 3220 Cortez-st.
18. M. W. Seery, 1140 Adams-st.
19. Samuel Smith. 1450 Spruce-st.
21. William Acker. 676 N. LaSalle-st.
22. E. A. Hoerich. 950 Willow-st.
Ward.
23. William Erlcson. 2348 Lincoln-av.
24. John Weyer, 1409 Otto-st.
25. James Meisinger, 1512 Victoria-st.
26. A. Ruppert. 4711 N. Artesian-av.
27. B. Kortes, 4226 N. Central Park-av.
28. Carl A. Juberg, 2222 N. Western-av.
32. C. M. Maxson, 6620 Normal-av.
33. Henry Kobiske. 3501 Castello-av.
34. Frank V. Stuchal. 4249 W. 21st-pl.
35. Herman Scliow. 3540 Beach-av.
ILLINOIS WAR ORGANIZATIONS.
THE STATE COUNCIL. OF DEFENSE.
Headquarters— 120 West Adams street. Chi-
cago.
Springfield office— State capitol.
Chairman — Samuel Insull.
Vice-Chairman— B. F. Harris.
Secretary — Roger C. Sullivan.
Treasurer— J. Ogden Armour.
Dr. Frank Billings. David E. Shanahan.
Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen John A. Spoor.
John H. Harrison. gred w- Upham
Levy Mayer Charles H. Wacker.
John G. Oglesby. John H. Walker.
V. A. Olander. E. W. Lloyd, asst. secy.
Committees.
Auditing— David E. Shanahan. chairman;
John H. Walker. Roger C. Sullivan.
Co-Ordination of Societies— Fred W. Upham,
chairman; Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen. John H.
"W&lkcr
Food Production and Conservation— J. Ogden
Armour, chairman: John A. Spoor, B. F.
Industrial Survey— Roger C. Sullivan, chair-
man; John A. Spoor, Victor A. Olander.
Labor— John H. Walker, chairman: John H.
Harrison. Dr. Frank Billings.
Law and Legislation— Levy Mayer, chairman;
John G. Ogleshy, David E. Shanahan.
Military Affairs, State and Local Defense-
John G. Oglesby. chairman; Dr. Frank Bil-
lings, David E. Shanahan.
Publicity— Samuel Insull, chairman; John H.
Harrison. Victor A. Olander; B. J. Mulla-
ney, director; W. H. Culver, assistant direc-
tor.
Sanitation, Medicine and Public Health— Dr.
Frank Billings, chairman; Charles H.
Wacker. Fred W. Upham.
Survey of Man Power— Victor A. Olander.
chairman: John H. Harrison. Charles H.
Wacker.
Women's Organizations— Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen,
chairman: Charles H. Wacker. Fred W. Up-
ham.
Special Committees.
Conservation of Financial Resources— Samuel
Insull. chairman; J. Ogden Armour, B. F.
Harris. John H. Harrison. Levy Mayer, Vic-
tor A. Olander. David E. Shanahan. Charles
H. Wacker.
Nonwar Construction — Samuel Insull, chair-
man; John G. Oglesby. John A. Spoor. John
H. Walker, John H. Harrison. Roger C. Sul-
livan, David E. Shanahan; director of bu-
reau, E. W. Lloyd.
Subordinate Bodies (Auxiliary and Advisory)
of State Council of Defense.
Counties Auxiliary— Walter S. Brewster, chair-
man: Emerson B. Tuttle, secretary; Secor
Cunningham, assistant secretary.
Neighborhood Committee — Walter S. Brewster,
chairman: Secor Cunningham, secretary: Em-
erson B. Tuttle. assistant secretary.
Cook County Auxiliary — Lewis E. Myers.
chairman: Walter H. Wilson, vice-chairman;
Burridge D. Butler. Robert E. Durham, Mrs.
Wm. S. Hefferan. B. J. Mullaney, Robert M.
Sweitzer, E J. E. Ward. Walter H. Wilson,
T. J. Webb.
Woman's Committee of the State Council of
Defense — Represents federation of practically
all women's organizations of the state, and
conducts seventeen departments of activity
pertaining to the war: Honorary chairmen.
Mrs. Frank O. Lowden. Mrs. Antoinette J.
Funk, Miss Agnes Nestor; Mrs. Joseph T.
Bowen. chairman, member State Council of
Defense: vice-chairman, Mrs. Frederick A.
Dow: corresponding secretary. Mrs. Wyllis
Wood; corresponding secretary, Mrs. George
R. Dean: treasurer. Mrs. Cyrus Hall McCor-
mick; executive secretary. Mrs. Edna P.
Strohm.
Educational Committee — Francis G. Blair, state
superintendent of public instruction, chair-
man; P. E. Fleming, secretary; Gustave An-
dreen, James E. Armstrong, A. W. Beasley.
J. Stanley Brown. Eugene Davenport, Ida
Fursman, J. C. Hanna, Miss Lou M. Harris,
Miss Elizabeth Harvey. Mrs. W. S. Hefferan.
Miss Florence Holbropk, Brother Justus, Mrs.
B. F. Langworthy. Livingston C. Lord, Robt.
C. Moore, Roy Moore, W. L. Steele. Chas.
Stillman, Harry Taylor. Edward J. Tobin.
Mrs. Lydia J. Trowbridge.
War Recreation .Board of Illinois — Clifford W.
Barnes, chairman: Jacob M. Dickinson, vice-
chairman: John J. Mitchell, treasurer: Frank
D. Loomis, secretary: Charles E. Reed, as-
sistant secretary. Membership — E. A. Ban-
croft, A. G. Becker, 'William C. Boyden. E. J.
Buffington. L. A. Busby, R. Floyd Clinch.
William E. Clow, Alfred Cowles. Richard T.
Crane, Rufus C. Dawes. Marquis Eaton.
Percy B. Eckhart. Howard Elting. Charles
W. Folds, David R. Forgan, Leroy A. God-
dard, Angus S. Hibbard. Morton D. Hull.
Mrs. Samuel Insull. Mrs. Edwin T. Johnson.
Eugene U. Kimbark, Robert P. Lamont, Carl
R. Latham, George A. McKinlock. D. R.
McLennan, H. H. Merrick. John W. O'Leary,
Clarence S. Pellet, George M. Reynolds. Har-
rison B. Riley, John G. Shedd. Edward F.
Swift, Robert J. Thorne.
Highways Transport Committee-7-Transport Di-
vision: Henry Paulman, chairman: F. E.
Ertsman, secretary: John H. Winterbotham.
J Murray Page, C. L. Freeman, Wm. G.
Edens, Geo. W. Dixon, Joseph Davis. Leon-
ard A. Busby, Britton I. Budd, H. M. Allison,
Highways Division — Clifford Older. Spring-
field, chairman: L. Schwartz of Aurora, H.
E. Sunnan of Moline. A. H. Hunter of
Peoria. R. L. Bell of Paris.
Agricultural War Board — H. J. Sconce of Si-
dell, chairman: H. M. Dunlap, Savoy, vice-
chairman; E. D. Funk, Shirley: H. W. Mum-
ford, Urbana; F. I. Mann, Gilman; J. C.
Saylor, Cissna Park; J. P. Mason, Elgin;
John G. Imboden. Decatur; W. G. Eck-
hart, DeKalb: Charles Adkins, Springfield:
Howard Leonard, Eureka.
Civilian Personnel Committee — Co-operates with
ordnance department of the army and with
all government departments needing civilian
help: Charles A. Munroe. chairman: Milward
Adams, secretary: Ralph H. Poole, Uri B.
Grannis. Edward I. Cudahy. Cyrus H. Adams,
Barney Cohen.
License Bureau for War Aid and War Relief
. -E. J. E. Ward, chairman: William A. Fox,
vice-chairman: J. H. Gulick. secretary; Rich-
ard Mueller, assistant secretary.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
861
Committee on Engineering1 and Inventions —
Associate members naval consulting- board.
U. S. A.; members: Fred K. Copeland.
chairman: Bion J. Arnold, R. W. Hunt. Wil-
liam Hoskins, Peter Junkersfleld; S. H.
Lloyd, secretary.
Advisory Committee on Coal Production and
Distribution — C. H. Markham. chairman; C.
G. Burnham, W. J. Jackson, J. K. Dering, D.
W. Buchanan, Dr. F. C. Honnold, John A.
Spoor.
Advisory Committee on Fuel lor Public and
Quasi-Public Institutions — John F. Gilchrist.
chairman: Charles A. Lind, secretary; Frank
I. Bennett. John Ericson, Harry A. Zender,
Wallace C. Clark, Percy B. Coffin. E. J. E.
Ward, Frank J. Baker, Martin J. Insull.
Advisory Committee ol the Electrical Industry
— Louis A. Ferguson, Henry M. Byllesby and
Bernard E. Sunny, consulting: board: Homer
E. Niesz, chairman: T. Julian McGill, vice-
chairman; Frank Redmund. treasurer; Alva
H. Krom. secretary; Charles M. Baker, Frank
J. Baker. William E. Bell. Britton I. Budd.
William J. Crumpton, Augustus D. Curtis,
Harvey B. Fleming1, John P. Garner, Charles
H. Gaunt, Harry L. Grant, Sam A. Hobson,
Arthur S. Huey/ Martin J. Insull, John E.
Kearns, Harry A. Mott. Franklin Overbagh,
Norman J. Pierce.
Advisory Committee on Fuel for Electrical In-
dustries— E. O. Faber, Chicago, chairman: J.
R. Blackwell. Joliet, secretary; C. F. Hand-
shy, Peoria; D. E. Parsons, East St. Louis;
L. A. Busby and Britton I. Budd, Chicago.
Advisory Committee on Sanitation and Public
Health— Dr. Arthur R. Elliott. Dr. E. J.
Doering-, Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds.
Dental Committee — Dr. Frederick B. Moore-
head, chairman; Drs. Thomas L. Gilmer, Ar-
thur D. Black, Donald M. Gallic and John
P. Buckley, Chicago: J. F. Waltz. Decatur;
E. F. Hazel, Springfield.
Social Hygiene Committee— Dr. B. C. Corbus.
chairman; Roger Sherman. P. J. O'Keeffe,
Rev. W. T. McElveen. Prof. Robert H,
Gault.
Committee on Spy-Glasses. Binoculars and Tele-
scopes—Secor Cunning-ham, chairman; Nel-
son L. Barnes, George H. Ing-alls, Ralph M.
Shaw, Herbert E. Schwarz.
Intelligence Committee — Lieut.-Gov. John G.
Og-lesby. chairman: Walter S. Brewster,
Peter Fleming-, L. E. Myers, Milward Adams.
Farm Labor Bureau— P. E. Fleming, director.
War Garden Bureau— R. J. H. DeLoach, direc-
tor.
OTHER WAR SERVICE BODIES.
Blind Relief Fund. Permanent (American,
British, French, Belgian)— 427 Monadnock
block.
American Fund for French Wounded — 60 East
Washing-ton street; Mrs. Russell Tyson,
chairman.
American Library Association — 78 East Wash-
ington street; George B. Utley, secretary.
American Protective League — 120 West Adams
street; chief, John F. Gilchrist.
American Red Cross, Central Division— 180
North Wabash avenue; director, Howard
Fenton.
Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee — 1213,
19 South LaSalle street; chairman, Rufus C.
Dawes.
Belgian Food Relief Committee— 72 West
Adams street; treasurer, W. J. Chalmers.
Fatherless Children of France. Chicago Com-
mittee— 410 South Michigan avenue; presi-
dent, Mrs. Walter Brewster.
Children of the Frontier— 37 South Wabash
avenue; chairman, Mrs. H. Freeman.
Christian Science War Relief— 804 Kesner
building-.
Christian Scientists Comforts Forwarding; Com.
mittee — 67-69 East Monroe street; chairman.
Charles E. Brand.
Comite Patriotique de Secours Franco-Ameri-
caine — President, Alphonse Campion. 4420
Magnolia avenue.
Food Administration, TJ. S.. Illinois Division —
Administrator. Harry A. Wheeler. Ill West
Washing-ton street.
Four Minute Men— 946, 72 West Adams street.
Fuel Administration, U. S., for Illinois and
Cook County— 120 West Adams street; Ray-
mond E. Durham, fuel administrator.
Serbian National Defense League of America
—3312 East 91st street; president. Eli
Pochucha.
Serbian Orphan Society — 1905 Fowler street;
president. Rev. Sava Voyvodich.
AMERICAN RED CROSS.
Chicago Chapter.
General Offices — 58 East Washington street.
Chairman — Marquis Eaton.
Executive Secretary — John W. Champion.
Business Manager — Augustus A. Carpenter.
Assistant Business Manager— George M. Lud>
low.
Treasurer — Orson Smith.
Assistant Treasurer — Seymour Morris.
Directors of Bureaus, etc. — Artists' Aid, Miss
Grace Heron: branches and auxiliaries, Mrs.
John McMahon; chapter store. Mrs. John D.
Black; canteen service, Mrs. George McKin-
lock; civilian relief, home service section,
Mrs. Katherine M. Briggs. 407 Garland build-
ing-.
ILLINOIS PRIMARY ELECTION LAW.
Under act of March 9. 1910. as amended by act of June 30. 1913.
Dates of Primaries.
A primary shall be held on the second Tuesday
In April in every year in which a president
of the United States is to be elected, for the
purpose of electing delegates and alternate dele-
gates to national nominating conventions and
for the purpose of securing an expression of the
sentiment and will of the party voters with
respect to candidates for nomination for the
office of president of the United States. A pri-
mary shall be held on the first Wednesday after
the second Tuesday in September in every year
first Tuesday after the first Monday in Novem-
ber of such year for the nomination of candi-
dates for such offices as are to be voted for at
snch November election. Whenever the term
"April primaries" is used it shall be construed
as referring to both the foregoing primaries.
A primary shall be held on the last Tuesday la
February in each year for the nomination of
such officers as are to be voted for ou the first
Tuesday in April of such year.
A primary shall be held on the second Tues-
day in March in each year for the nomination of
such officers as are to be voted for on the third
Tuesday in April of such year.
A primary shall be held on the first Wednes-
day after the second Tuesday in September,
1914, and every two years thereafter, for the
nomination of candidates for senatorial offices
and for the election of senatorial committeemen.
A primary for the nomination of all other of-
ficers, nominations for which are required to be
made under the provisions of the act. shall be
held three weeks preceding the date of the gen-
eral election for such offices, respectively.
The polls shall be open from 6 o'clock a. m. to
5 o'clock p. m.
Any person entitled to vote at such primary
shall be entitled to absent himself from his
work for two hours between the opening and
closing of the <polls without incurring loss of
wages or salary, providing application shall
have been made on the preceding day. The em-
ployer mar specify the hours.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Petitions.
Petitions for nomination shall be signed:
For a state office, by not less than 1,000 nor
more than 2,000 primary electors of his party.
For state senator or assemblyman, by at least
one-half of 1 per cent of the qualified primary
electors of his district.
For a congressional office, by at least one-half
of 1 per cent of the qualified primary electors
of his party in his congressional district.
For a judicial office, by at least one-half of 1
per cent of the qualified electors in the district.
For a county office, by at least one-half of 1
per cent of the qualified primary electors of his
party cast at the lust preceding general elec-
tion in his county; if for the nomination for
county commissioner of Cook county, then by at
least one-half of 1 per cent of the qualified
primary electors of his party in his county in
the division in which such person is a candidate
for nomination.
For a city or village office, to be filled by
the electors of the entire village, by at least
one-half of 1 per cent of the qualified primary
electors of his party in his city or village: if
for alderman, by at least one-half of 1 per cent
of the voters of bis party in his ward.
For a senatorial committeeman. by at least
ten of the primary electors of his party of the
county where the senatorial district Is coex-
tensive with one county or is composed of more
than one county; but In case the senatorial
district is wholly within the territorial limits
of one county, or partly within the territorial
limits of one county and partly within the ter-
ritorial limits of another county, then such pe-
tition shall be -signed by at least ten of the
primary electors of his party of his senatorial
district.
For state central committepman. by at least
100 of the primary electors of his party of his
congressional district.
For a candidate for trustee of a sanitary dis-
trict, by at least one-half of 1 Tier cent of the
primary electors of his party from such sani-
tary district.
For a candidate for clerk of the Appellate
court, by at least one-half of 1 per cent of the
primary electors of his party of the district.
For any *ther office, by at least ten primary
electors of his party of the district or division
for which nomination, is made.
Candidate for President or Senator.
Any candidate for president of the United
States or for United States senator may have
his name printed upon the primary ballot of
his political party by filing in the office of the
secretary of state not more than sixty days and
not less than thirty days prior to the date of
the April primary, in any year, a petition signed
by not less than 1,000 nor more than 2.000 primary
electors of the party of which he is a candidate.
Provided. That the vote for president of the
United States shall be for the sole purpose of se-
curing an expression of the sentiment and will
of the party voters with respect to candidates
for nomination, and the vote of the state at
large shall be taken and considered as advisory
to the delegates and alternates at large to the
national conventions of the respective political
parties; and the vote of the respective con-
gressional districts shall be taken and considered
as advisory to the delegates and alternates of
the congressional districts to the national con-
ventions of the respective political parties.
Delegates to National Conventions.
Each person seeking to be elected as dele-
gate or alternate delegate to the national nomi-
nating convention of his party shall file, along
with his nominating petition, a statement in
writing signed by him in which he shall state
the name of the candidate of his choice for
nomination for president of th-e United States,
or. in lieu thereof, may file a statement to the
effect that he has no preference. Any candi-
date for president for whom a preference is
stated by any candidate for delegate or alter-
nate delegate to a nominating convention may,
at any time after the filing of such petition
an* before the name of such candidate is certi-
fied to the various county clerks for printing,
file in the office of the secretary of state an
instrument in writing disavowing the candi-
dacy of the person who has so filed a nominat-
ing petition, and in case such candidate for
president shall disavow the candidacy of the
candidate for delegate or alternate delegate,
the name of sucli candidate shall not be certi-
fied to the various county clerks for printing
upon the official primary ballot.
Conventions.
On the first Monday after the April primary
the county central committee of each political
party shall meet at the county seat and organ-
ize, such meeting to be called the county con-
vention. The county convention of each politi-
cal party shall choose delegates to the con-
gressional and state conventions of its party.
Only precinct committeemen residing within a
congressional district shall take part in the se-
lection of delegates to a congressional conven-
tion. Each delegate to the county convention
shall have one vote and one additional vote for
each fifty or major fraction thereof of his party
as cast In his precinct at the last general
election.
All congressional conventions shall be held on
the first Wednesday after the first Monday next
succeeding the April primary. The congressional
convention of each political party shall have
power to select delegates to national nominating
convention and to recommend to the state con-
vention of its party the nomination of candi-
date or candidates from such congressional dis-
trict for elector or electors of president and
vice-president of the United States.
All state conventions shall be held on the
first Friday after the first Monday next succeed-
ing the April primary. The state convention
of each political party shall have power to make
nominations of candidates for the electors of
president and vice-president of the United States,
and for trustees of the University of Illinois,
to adopt any party platform and to select aele-
gates and alternates to the national nominating
conventions.
City.
GOVERNMENT OF ILLINOIS CITIES.
[From U. S. census report.]
-Mayor.— > ^-Aldermen. — »
Term.* Pay.f No.Term.*Pay-t
Aurora 2 $1.000 14
Chicago 4 18,000 70 2 3,000
Danville 2 2.500 14 2 t3
East St. Louis 2 5.000 16 2
Joliet 2 2.000 14 2 J3
Peoria 2 3.500 16 2 $3
Quincy '. 2 2.000 14 2
Rockfbrd 2 2,000 13 2
*Irt years. fP°r year except where otherwise
specified. JPer meeting.
Decatur is governed by five commissioners who
serve for four years at an annual salary of $3,000
each, the presiding officer getting $3,500.
Springfield is gove'-ned by five commissioners
who serve for four rears at an annual salary of
$3,500 each, the presiding officer getting $4,000.
Pntrol-
Saloon-
License
City.
itiin.
keepers.
rate.
Aurora
L'4
43
$'.000
Cl'icaeo
L>,109
7,152
1.000
Danville
25
73
"800
Drv.
East St Lonif
38
359
jojj
Joliet
30
142
1.00)
77
302
GO!
41
139
coa
Rnckf ord
30
Drv.
Srrinarfield ..
. 48
220
500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
863
STATE- TRE
' PHOTO a
WHEAT, tlOf.KFOK.0 ILL-
EXECUTIVE MANSMOff
ILLINOIS STATE OFFICIALS.
«Q4
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
ILLINOIS CIVIL LIST.
Corrected to Dec. 1, 1918.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Salary. ' Dist.
•Governor — Frank O. Lowden, R., Oregon.$12,000
Lieutenant-Governor— John G. Oglesby.
R.. Elkhart 2,500
Secretary ol State — Louis L. Emmerson,
R.. Elkhart 7.500
Auditor — Andrew Russel. R., Jacksonville 7,500
Treasurer— Fred E. Sterling:, R., Rock-
ford 10,000
Superintendent of Public Instruction —
Francis G. Blair, R., Charleston 7,500
Attorney-General—Edward J. Brundage.
R., Chicag-o 10,000
The Adjutant-General—Gen. F. S. Dick-
son 7,000
Secretary to Governor— G. D. Sutton,
Oreg-on 5,000
THE SUPREME COURT.
The Supreme court consists of seven judges,
elected for a term of nine years, one from each
of the seven districts into which the state is
divided. The election is held in June of the
year in which any term expires.
Justices.
Salary $10,000.
Dist. Term, expires.
1. Warren W. Duncan, Marion 1924
3. William M. Farmer, C. J., Vandalia. .1924
3. Frank K. Dunn. Charleston 1924
4. Georgre A. Cooke. Aledo 1921
5. Clyde E. Stone. Peoria 192'
0. James H. Cartwright, Oregon 1924
7. Orrin N. Carter, Chicago 1924
Clerk— Charles W. Vail; salary, $7,500.
Deputy Clerk — Robert L. Conn.
Reporter — Samuel P. Irwin.
Librarian— Ralph H. Wilkin; salary, $3.000.
Terms of court are held in Springfield, com-
mencing on the first Tuesday in February.
April, June, October and December.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
Appointed by governor; term four years: office
in Springfield; salary, $1,500.
Ralph E. Eaton, chief justice Mount Carroll
W. S. Phillips .< Ridgeway
Benjamin H. Miller Libertyville
Secretary (ex offlcio) — Louis L. Emmerson,
Springfield.
STATE BOARD OF LAW EXAMINERS.
Appointed by Supreme court.
Alber1 Watson, president Mount Vernon
Albert M. Rose Louisville
James W. Watts Dixon
Frederick A. Brown Chicago
Charles L. Bartlett, secretary and treas. . Quincy
COMMITTEES ON CHARACTER AND
Dist. FITNESS.
1. Silas H. Strawn. chairman Chicago
Mitchell D. Follansbee Chicago
Charles R. Webster Chicago
Frederick A. Brown Chicago
2. James W Watts, chairman Dixon
George Sucher Peoria
Henry S. Dixon Dixon
Eugene W. Welch Galesburg
3. Henry A. Neal. chairman Charleston
Clifton J. O'Harra Carthage
Franklin L. Velde Pekin
Charles L. Bartlett Quincy
4. Albert Watson, chairman .... Mount Vernon
J. G. Burnsides Vandalia
Robert M. Farthing Mount Vernon
Samuel W. Baxter East St. Louis
Albert M. Rose Louisville
STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION.
Salary. SI. 000.
Elected Nov. 7, 1916. Term of office, four years.
1. C. J. Ewerts, R, 2514 Wentworth-av,. .
Chicago
2. C. W. Secord. R.. 437 W. 117th-st.. Chicago
3. L. Withall, R., 5148 S. Homan-av., Chicago
4. D. F. Sullivan. D., 1524 W. 51st-st..
Chicago
5. J. J. Viterna, D., 2157 Hastings-st., Chicago
6. Thos. M. Ryan, D., 230 S. Euclid-av...
Chicago
7. William M. Malone, R Park Ridge
8. B. S. Mindak. D., 1515 N. Ashland-av...
Chicago
9. F A. West, R 2121 N. Clark-st., Chicago
10. H. T. Nightingale, R Evanston
11. Herbert S. Williams, R Harvard
12. George S. Faxon, R Piano
13. W. G. Kent, R Dixon
14. Fred W. Young, R Rock Island
15. H. G. Henry, R Camp Point
16. D. F. Velde. R Pekin
17. John E. Shackleton, R Cornell
18. William T. Hollenbeck, R Marshall
19. Frank A. Wharton. R Atwood
20. Louis D. Hirsheimer, D Pittsfleld
21. Joseph F. Bunn, R Springfield
22. Edward W. Hilker. R Madison
23. Edgar E. Fyke, D Centralic
24. Ralph Proctor, R McLeansboro
25. Thomas B. F. Smith, R Carbondale
Secretary— John J. Coffey. 4027 Oakdale ave-
nue, Chicago.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.
Located at Champaign and Urbana.
Board of Trustees.
Ex Officio Members — The governor, the presi-
dent of the state board of agriculture, the
state superintendent of public instruction.
Cairo A. Trimble, Princeton 1925
John M. Herbert. Murphysboro 1925
Mrs. Margaret D. Blake. Chicago , ...1925
Robert F. Carr. Highland Park 1921
Robert R. Ward, Benton 1921
Laura B. Evans, Taylorville 1921
William L. Abbott. Chicago 1923
Mary E. Busey, Urbana 1923
Otis W. Holt, Geneseo 1923
Officers.
President of University — Dr. Edmund J. James.
Secretary — Harrison E. Cunningham. Urbana.
Comptroller — William B. Castenholz. Urbana.
Registrar — Charles M. McConn, Urbana.
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.
All the officers in this and the other state
administrative departments are appointed by
the governor with the advice and consent of
the state senate. Department offices are in
Springfield.
Director— Omar H. Wright, Belvidere $7.000
Assistant Director — Everett H. Tripp,
Belvidere 4.200
Administrative Auditor — Joseph C. Ma-
son. Chicago 4,800
Superintenednt of Budget — W. H. Mc-
Lain, Springfield 3,600
Superintendent of Department Reports —
A. T. Spivey, East St. Louis 3,600
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Director— Charles Adkins. Bement 86.000
Assistant Director — H. H. Parks, Syca-
more i 3,600
Superintendent of Foods and Dairies —
John B. Newman. Elgin 4.800
Superintendent of Animal Industry — W.
W. Wright. Toulon 3,600
Superintendent Plant Industry (vacancy). 3,600
Chief Veterinarian— A. T. Peters. Peoria. 4.200
Chief Game and Fish Warden— Ralph F.
Bradford. Pontiac 3.600
State Board of Agriculture.
J. E. Taggart. president Freeport
J. F. Prather. treasurer Williamsynle
B. M. Davison. secretary Springfield
Board ceases to exist Dec. 31, 1918.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
865
Board of Agricultural Advisers.
Alvin H. Sanders Chicago
Eugene Davenport Urbana
Eugene Funk Blooming-ton
J. T. Williams Sterling
W. S. Corsa -. Whitehall
J. P. Mason Elgin
W. E. Taylor Moline
C. V. Gregory Chicago
C. R. Doty Charleston
John M. Crebs Carmi
H. J. Sconce Sidell
J. F. Prather Williamsville
J. G. Imboden Decatur
J. C. Sailor Cissna Park
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
Director — Barney Cohen. Chicago $5,000
Assistant Director — Burt C. Bean. Chi-
cago 3,000
Chief Factory Inspector — Robert S. Jones,
Flora 3,000
Superintendent Free Employment Agen-
cies—W. C. Lewman. Danville 3.000
Chief Inspector Private Employment
Agencies — John J. McKenna, Chicago. 3,000
Industrial Commission.
Charles S. Andrus, Springfield, chairman. 55, 000
Robert Eadie. Springfield 5,000
Peter Angsten, Chicago 5,000
James A. Culp, Blue Island 5,000
Omer N. Custer, Galesburg- 5.000
Free Employment Offices.
Superintendents.
East St. Louis Stewart Campbell
Chicago Charles J. Boyd
Peoria Thomas Metts
Rockford Peter T. Anderson
Springfield Arthur D. Burbank
Rock Island-Moline Fred W. Rinck
Advisory Board, Free Employment Offices.
F. S. Diebler Chicago
Dr. A. H. R. Atwood Chicago
Oscar G. Mayer Chicago
John H. Walker Springfield
Mrs. Raymond Robins Chicago
DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINERALS.
. Director — Evan D. John, Carbondale ..... $5,000
Assistant Director — Martin Bolt, Spring-
field 3,000
Mine Officers.
William Hutton, DuQuoin $500
James Richards, Belleville 500
M> S. Coleman, Harrisburg 500
James Needham, Chicago.... 600
Miners' Examining Board.
William Hall. Springfield $1.800
William H. Turner. Collinsville 1,800
Joseph C. Viano, Coal City 1,800
John A. Tuttle, Harrisburg, secretary 1.800
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
BUILDINGS.
Director — Frank I. Bennett. Chicago $7.000
Assistant Director — Thomas G. Vennum,
Watseka 4,000
Supt. of Highways— S. E. Bradt. DeKalb. 5,000
Chief Highway Engineer— Clifford Older,
Springfield 5,000
Supervising Engineer — Fred J. Postel.
Chicag-9 4.000
Supervising Architect — Edgar D. Martin,
Chicago 4.000
Superintendent of Waterways — William
L. Sackett, Morris. . < 5.000
Superintendent of Printing — H. L. Wil-
liamson, Springfield 5,000
Superintendent of Purchases and Sup-
lies-^-Henry H. Kohn. Anna 5,000
Superintendent of Parks — Frank D. Low-
man. Sandwich 2,500
Board of Art Advisers.
Frederick Clay Bartlett Chicago
Ralph Clarkson Chicago
Lorado Taf t }.. . Chicago
Albin Polasec Chicago
Irving K. Pond Chicago
Martin Roche Chicago
Martin A. Ryerson Chicago
Hugh S. Mag-ill, secretary Springfield
Board of Highway Advisers.
A. R. Hall Danville
Robert D. Clarke Peoria
William G. Edens Chicago
Homer J. Tice Green view
J. M. Page Jersey ville
Board of Parks and Building Advisers.
Charles L. Hutchinson Chicago
George W. Maher Chicago
Frank E. Davidson Chicago
Julius W. Hegeler Danville
S. R. Lewis Marseilles
Board of Water Resource Advisers.
E. S. Conway Chicago
John T. Pirie Chicago
Joy Morton Chicago
George T. Page Peoria
Charles B. Fox East St. Louis
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE.
Director — Charles H. Thorne, Chicago $7,000
Assistant Director — James L. McClure,
Carlinville 4,000
Alienist — H. Douglas Singer, Kankakee.. 5,000
Criminologist — Herman M. Adler, Chicago 5,000
Fiscal Supervisor — Frank D. Whipp.
Springfield 5,000
Superintendent of Charities — A. L.
Bowen, Springfield 5,000
Superintendent of Prisons — John L.
Whitman, Chicago 5,000
Superintendent of Pardons and Paroles —
William Colvin, Springfield 5,000
Board of Public Welfare Commissioners.
Miss Amelia Sears Chicago
Dr. Frank P. Norbury Springfield
Benjamin R. Burroughs Edwardsville
Dr. Emil G. Hirsch Chicago
Dr. Edward C. Hayes Urbana
State Psychopathic Institute.
Kankakee.
Director — Dr. H. Douglas Singer.
Clinical Pathologist — Dr. Charles Ricksher.
Biological Chemist— W. B. Quantz. Ph. D.
Physician— Dr. S. N. Clark.
Pathologist — K. M. Manougian.
Juvenile Psychopathic Institute, Chicago.
Director — Dr. Herman M. Adler. Chicago.
Managing Officers of Institutions.
Charitable Group.
Elgin State hospital Dr. Ralph T. Hinton
Kankakee State hospital Dr. Eugene Cohn
Jacksonville State hospital Dr. E. L. Hill
Anna State hospital Dr. C. H. Anderson
Watertown State hospital. . .Dr. M. C. Hawley
Peoria State hospital Dr. Ralph A. Goodner
Alton State hospital. .. .Dr. George A. Zeller
Chester State hospital Dr. F. A. Stubblefield
Dixon State colony Dr. H. B. Carriel
Chicago State hospital Dr. Charles F. Read
Lincoln State school and colony
Dr. Thomas H. Leonard
Illinois State School for Deaf H. T. White
Illinois State School for Blind
Robert W. Woolston. Jacksonville
Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind
Howard O. Hilton, Chicago
Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' home
John E. Andrew, Quincy
Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois
Mrs. Nettie McFarland McGowan, Wilmington
Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' home
John W. Rodgers. Normal
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear infirmary
Dr. Hiram J. Smith. Chicago
State Training School for Girls
Dr. Clara Hayes, Geneva
St. Charles School for Boys
C. B. Adams, St. Charles
866
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Penal Group.
Illinois State prison E. J. Murphy. Joliet
Southern Illinois prison. . Jas. A. White, Menard
Illinois State reformatory
Janes F. Scouller. Pontiac
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
Director— C. St. Clair Drake, Springfield.$6,000
Assistant Director — George T. Palmer,
Springfield 3,000
Superintendent Lodging: House Inspec-
tion—William W. McCulloch, Chicago. 3.000
Executive Division — Amos Sawyer, chief clerk.
Division of Communicable Diseases — John J.
McShane, M. D.. Dr. P. H., chief.
Division of Tuberculosis— Clarence W. East, M.
• D., acting chief.
Division of Diagnostic, Laboratories — George F,
Sorgatz, M. D.. acting chief.
Division of Sanitary Engineering — Paul Han-
sen, chief sanitary engineer.
Division of Surveys and Rural Hygiene — Paul
L. Skoog. acting supervisor.
Division of Hotel and Lodging House Inspec-
tion— W. W. McCulloch, superintendent, of-
fice 130 North Wells street, Chicago.
Division of Vital Statistics— Orrin Dilley, act-
ing registrar.
Division of Public Health Instruction— Earl B.
Searcy, editor.
Laboratories.
Main Laboratory (for the diagnosis of diph-
theria, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, malaria,
rabies, etc.) — Capitol building, Springfield.
North State Laboratory* — Chicago.
South State Laboratory* — Mount Vernon.
East State Laboratory* — Urbana.
West State Laboratory* — Galesburg.
•For the diagnosis of diphtheria only.
DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE.
Director— William H. Boys, Streator $7.000
Assistant Director — James S. Baldwin,
Decatur 4,000
Superintendent of Insurance— Fred W.
Potter, Albion 5,000
Fire Marshal^John G. Gamber, Ottawa. 3,000
Superintendent of Standards— Robert F.
Adams, Oregon 2,500
Chief Grain Inspector — Walter E.
Schmidt, Chicago 5,000
Public Utilities Commission.
Thomas E. Dempoy, East St. Louis,
chairman $7,000
Fred E. Sterling, Rockford 7.000
Walter A. Shaw. Evanston 7,000
Frank H. Funk, Bloomington 7,000
Patrick J. Lucey. Chicago 7,000
R. Allan Stephens. Danville. 4,000
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND
EDUCATION.
Director— F. W. Shepardson. Chicago. . .$5,000
Assistant Director — Ernest A. Wreidt
Chicago 3,600
Superintendent of Registration— Fred C.
Dodds. Springfield 4.200
Hoard of Natural Resources and Conservation
Prof. Thomas C. Chamberlain Chicago
Prof. William Trelease Urbana
John W. Alvord Chicago
Prof. William A. Noyes Urbana
Prof. John M. Coulter Chicago
Dean David Kinley Urbana
Board of State Museum Advisers.
C. F. Millspaugh Chicago
Charles L. Owen Chicago
Prof. Henry B. Ward Urbana
Edward Payne Springfield
N. H. Carpenter Chicago
Normal School Board.
James Stanley Brown Joliet
LeRoy A. Goddard Chicago
William B. Owen Chicago
Frank E. Richey LaSalle
Henry A. Neal Charleston
Elmer E. Walker Macomb
Holland E. Bridges Carbondale
Charles L. Capen Bloomington
John C. Allen Monmouth
CENTENNIAL BUILDING COMMISSION.
Gov. Frank O. Lowden.
Lieut.-Gov. John G. Oglesby.
Secretary of State Louis L. Emmerson.
D. E. Shanahan. speaker house of representa-
tives.
Thomas Rinaker, Carlinville.
Edward W. Payne, Springfield.
STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
Office at Springfield.
Created by act of May 11, 1905. Salary of
president, $4.000; of two members, $3.000
each; of secretary. $3,500.
Albert D. Early, president Rockford
Michael F. Walsh Harvard
Harry M. Powell Peoria
Isidore Levin, secretary Chicago
LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE BUREAU.
JOINT.
Created by act of June 26, 1912. Office in
Springfield.
Governor, chairman, ex officio.
Members by virtue of legislative office; no sal-
ary:
Richard J. Barr Joliet
Edward Curtis Grant Park
Frederic R. De Young Harvey
Edward J. Smejkal Chicago
W. F. Dodd, secretary, Springfield; appointed
by bureau; salary, $4.000.
ILLINOIS LIBRARY EXTENSION BOARD.
Created by act of June 14, 1909. Term, two
years.
Joseph H. Freeman .Aurora
Eugenie M. Bacon Decatur
Anna May Price, traveling secretary, $1,500.
Secretary of state, ex officio.
TRUSTEES OF STATE HISTORICAL
LIBRARY.
Located at Springfield. Salary of librarian.
$3.000.
Evarts B. Greene, president Urbana
Otto L. Schmidt, secretary Chicago
C. H. Rammelkamp Jacksonville
Librarian — Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber.
STATE LIBRARY.
Office-yThe capitol. Springfield.
Commissioners — The governor, secretary of
state and superintendent of public instruction.
Secretary of state, librarian, ex officio. Mrs.
Eva May Fowler, acting librarian.
ILLINOIS FARMERS' INSTITUTE.
Created by act of June 24, 1895. Term, two
years. Salary of secretary, $3,000.
President — D. M. Marlin Norris City
Vice-President — Frank S. Haynes Geneseo
Secretary — H. E. Young Spring-field
Treasurer— Clayton C. Pickett Chicago
Auditor— Frank I. Mann Gilman
Board of Directors.
Ex Officio — Superintendent of public instruc-
tion, dean of the college of -agriculture, presi-
dent of state board of agriculture, president
State Horticultural society, president State
Dairymen's association.
Elected by congressional districts:
1. W. E. Meier Arlington Heights
2. August Geweke Des Plaines
3. W. J. Fulton Tinley Park
4. P. R. Barnes Chicago
5. C. V. Gregory Chicago
6. R. C. Vial LaGrange
7. Charles Gray ....Chicago
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
8C7
8. Arthur C. Pagre t Chicago
9. C. C. Pickett Chicagro
10. R. B. Swift Libertyville
11. J. P. Mason Elgin
12. George F. Tullock Rockf ord
13. A. N. Abbott Morrison
14. William H. Ashdown Port Byron
15. Frank S. Haynes Geneseo
16. Ralph Allen .Delavan
17 S B. Mason Bloommgton
18. F. I. Mann Gilman
19. J. B. Burrows Decatur
20. G. G. Hoppiner Havana
21. Fxiward Grimes Raymond
22. E. W. Burroug-hs Edwardsville
23. O. L Wakefield ..Robinson
24. D. M. Marlin Norns City
25. J. P. Gilbert Carbondale
OGLESBY MONUMENT COMMISSION.
Appointed by governor. No salary.
John S. Runnells Chicago
John Barton Payne Chl<iatC2
John W. Bunn Springfield
Charles L. LeForgee .Decatur
Martin B. Bailey Danville
PENITENTIARY BUILDING COMMISSION.
Created by act of June 5, 1907.
James A. Patten Chicago
Ira C. Copley Aurora
John Lambert Joliet
VTCKSBURG MILITARY STATUE
COMMISSION.
Charles H. Noble - Dixon
F. D. Meacham Chicago
T B. Orear Jacksonville
Bluford Wilson Springfield
Harvey M. Trimble Springfield
UNIFORM LAWS COMMISSION.
Col. Nathan W. McChesney Chicago
Dr. Ernst Freund. president Chicago
John H. Wigmore Chicago
James M. Graham Springfield
Joseph J. Thompson, secretary Chicago
STATE CANVASSING BOARD.
Created by act of April 3. 1872.
Governor, secretary of state, auditor, state
treasurer, attorney-general.
MINING INVESTIGATION COMMISSION.
Operative Members.
Thomas Jeremiah Willisville
A. B. McLaren Marion
Rice Miller Hillsboro
Miners' Members,
Mathew Schultz Christopher
Charles Jones Marion
Peter Joyce Springfield
Independent Members.
Charles E. Woodward Ottawa
Thomas Hudson Galva
P. H. Donnelly Chicago
THE HEALTH INSURANCE COMMISSION.
William Beye Chicago
Edna L. Foley Chicago
John E. Ransom Chicago
Matthew Woll Chicago
William Butterworth Moline
Alice Hamilton Chicago
Mary McEnerney Chicago
M. J. Wright Woodstock
E. B. Coolley Danville
ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL SURVEY.
Milton S. Florsheim Chicago
Agnes Nestor Chicago
George W. Webster Chicago
Elizabeth Maloney Chicago
James B. Herrick. chairman Chicago
P. C. Withers Mount Vernon
Solomon Strouse Chicago
ELECTION LAWS COMMISSION.
Senators.
Clarence F. Buck, chairman Monmouth
Adam C. Cliffe Sycamore-
Al F. Gorman Chicago
Representatives.
Gotthard A. Dahlberg Chicago
William H. Dieterich Beardstowii
Edwin C. Perkins Lincoln
Louis L. Emmerson Mount Vernon
Colin C. H. Fyffe Chicago
W. W. Wheelock Chicago
ILLINOIS PENSION LAWS COMMISSK)N.
George E. Hook, chairman Chicago
John P. Dillon Chicago
Rufus C. Dawes Chicago
H. L. Reitz Chicago
ILLINOIS COUNTY OFFICERS.
P.— Probate. P. C.— Probate Clerk. R.— Recorder.
County. County seat. County and Probate judges. County clerk. Circuit clerk and recorder.
Adams— Quincy Fred G. Wolfe W. J. Smith Erde W. Beatty
J. M. Bufflngton. R.
Alexander — Cairo Harry Hood Fred D. Nellis John M. Dewey
Bond— Greenville William H. Dowdy W. E. McCaslin W. T. Harlan
Boone— Belvidere William C. DeWolf William Bowley A. C. Fassett
Brown — Mount Sterling W. Y. Baker Dayton G. Gordley E. B. Glaze
Bureau — Princeton J. R. Pritchard James Fletcher Henry Fuller
Calhoun — Hardin John Day. Jr Roy N. Bailey Clifford Plummer
Carroll — Mount Carroll John L. Brearton A. B. Adams Valentine Boerner
Cass — Virginia Charles A. E. Martin Henry Jacobs L. D. Springer
Champaign-Urbana Roy C. Freeman Fred Hess Boyd S. Elaine
Christian — Taylorville Logan G. Griffith John E. George J. A. Foil
Clark— Marshall Edward Pearce F. R. Black Jay Swern
Clay — Louisville Ben Hagle James McGregor Edward McConnell
Clinton — Carlyle James Allen Adam Junker H. H. Schlarmann
Coles — Charleston John P. Harragh Elmer E. Elston Orion B. Goble
Cook— Chicago Thomas F. Scully R. M. Sweitzer August W. Miller
Henry Horner, P J. F. Devine, P. C.. Joseph F. Haas. R.
Crawford — Robinson J. C. Maxwell Frank Kopta.. .Charles A. Montgomery
Cumberland— Toledo Albert F. Bussard William C. Park Charles N. Wiley
DeKalb — Sycamore William L. Pond S. M. Henderson George A. James
DeWitt— Clinton John Bedinger C. R. Griffin Elmer Metz
Douglas— Tuscoln D. H. Wamsley Charles A. Hawkins H. B. Morgan
DuPage — Wheaton Sylvanus L. Rathje A. A. Kuhn Lewis Ellsworth
Edgar— Paris D. V. Dayton George D. Murphy T. J: Brewer
Edwards— Albion Joel C. Fitch Arch C. Smith Earl S. Buntingr
Effingham — Effingham Barney Overbeck John A. Craver Henry Alt
Fayette— Vandalia Caleb R. Torrence George A. Brown H. W. Sefton
SQS ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
County. County seat. County and Probate judges. County clerk. Circuit clerk and recorder.
Ford — Paxton Samuel LuclTow J. S. Thompson W. R. Watts
Franklin — Benton Thomas J. Myers Fred Bagley F. D. Whittington
Fulton — Lewistown Hobart S. Boyd Clarence H. Tanner Eugene Whiting
Gallatin — Shawneetown W. S. Sanders Henry G. Sanks James G. Gregg
Greene — Carrollton Thomas Henshaw Louis J. Ballard B. F. Ford
Grundy — Morris George Bedford William Robinson F. S. Johnson
Hamilton — McLeansboro James M. Lee Amos Albretton Adam Green
Hancock— Carthage Warren H. Orr W. E. Miller John F. Scott
Hardin — Elizabethtown A. A. Miles H.C.Fletcher Charles L. Hess
Henderson— Oquawka James W. Gordon Joseph J. Barnes Walter P. Martin
Henry— Cambridge Leonard E. Telleeii Elmer E. Fitch J. A. Horberg
Iroquois — Watseka John H. Gillan Clarence South Fred Benjamin
Jackson — Murphysboro A. L. Spiller H. Amber Hagler Joseph V. Wells
Jasper— Newton Milo D. Yelvington H.K.Powell W. E. Trainor
Jefferson — Mount Vernon E. M. Pendler Leonard L. Scott Marlin Rich
Jersey — Jerseyville Will T. Sumner Thomas S. Ford Anthony H. Quinn
Jo Daviess — Galena F. J. Campbell E. J. Menzemer William Ehrler
Johnson — Vienna John O. Cowan E. F. Throgmorton. . . .John W. Carlton
Kane — Geneva S. N. Hoover Charles Lowry J. L. Johnson
John H. Williams, P B. D. Galbraith, P. C..Chas. Doetschman
Kankakee— Kankakee J. H. Merrill H. J. Groenewould C. B. Sawyer
Kendall — Yorkville Clarence S. Williams Edward Budd, Jr Avery N. Beebe
Knox— Galesburg Walter C. Frank Frank L. Adams C. H. Westerberg
Lake — Waukegan Perry L. Persons Lew A. Hendee L. O. Brockway
LaSalle — Ottawa ' Henry Mayo Thomas A. Ferguson. . .J. L. Witzeman
Richard D. Mills, P Wm. C. Flick, P. C. .J. F. Buchner, R.
Lawrence— Lawrenceville Lester B. Fish Lyle G, Steffey Odin H. Hedden
Lee— Dixon John B. Crabtree Fred G. Dimick Edwin S. Rosecrans
Livingston— Pontiac Ray Sesler Joe S. Reed J. G. Whitson
Logan — Lincoln Lawrence B. Stringer David S. Mowrey Lynn R. Parker
Macon — Decatur John H. McCoy Charles H. Patterson John Allen
Macoupin — Carlinville Andrew J. Duggan Ernest Whittler Frank E. Wilson
Madison— Edwardsville J. E. Hillskotter C. J. Blattner John Mellon
G. W. Crossman, P John P. Coppinger..H. M. Sanders, R.
Marion— Salem W. G. Wilson W. H. Betts N. W. Salter
Marshall — Laeon Andrew E. Treacey Lawrence D. Gregory Fred Garrels
Mason — Havana John Greenway Carl F. Taylor C. E. Walsh
Massac — Metropolis Larmes P. Oakes Fred Risinger Coliax Morris
McDonough — Macomb Charles I. Imes John G. Norton George A. Seeley
McHenry — Woodstock Charles P. Barnes Guy E. Still Theodore Hamer
McLean — Blooming-ton James C, Riley P. A. Guthrie John C. Allen
N. B. Carson, R.
Menard— Petersburg Jesse M. Ott A. W. Hartley Richard B. Ruh
Mercer — Aledo Friend L. Church Frank A. Gibson S. A. Nelson
Monroe — Waterloo Henry Schneider Henry Eisenbart Louis A. Wiehl
Montgomery — Hillsboro J. H. Ragsdale A. H. Bartlett A. E. Neal
Morgan — Jacksonville William E. Thompson C. A. Boruff C. W. Boston
Moultrie — Sullivan Oscar F. Cochran J. B. Martin Fred O. Gaddis
Ogle-^-Oregon Frank E. Reed Sidney J. Hess John D. Mead
Peoria — Peoria Robert H. Lovett Louis J. Ganss George F. Thode
Glen Cameron, P J. J. Simmons. P. C A. C. Grebe, R.
Perry — Pinekneyville Louis R. Kelly H. H. Baughman John D. Roe
Piatt — Monticello William A. Doss Harvey Fay B. G. Duncan
Pike — Pittsfield Burr N. Swan Charles A. Helkey John C. Dinsmore
Pope— Golconda B. F. Anderson J. D. Reid J. W. Mitchell
Pulaski— Mound City Fred Hood Walter W. Waite E. P. Easterday
Putnam — Hennepin John M. McNabb Oldon C. Coloid H. B. Ramase
Randolph — Chester J. Fred Glister Heriry Boeknoff Charles J. Kribs
Richland — Olney R. B. Witcher John F. Hanes Charles Goudy
Bock Island — Rock Island Nels A. Larson Henry B. Hubbard G. W. Gamble
Frank J. Landee, P Leo J. Deisenroth. P. C . Sam Ryerson. R.
Saline— Harrisburg William W. Damron H. E. Wills R. E. Holmes
Sangamon — Springfield., J. B. Weaver . ...Charles W. Byres Charles F. Koehn
C. H. Jenkins. P O. G. Addleman, P. .Wm. T. Fossett. R.
Schuyler — Rushville Isaac Lewis James A. Long E. Ross Chitwood
Scott— Winchester John A. McKeeno Blulord McClure J. W. Kellum
Shelby— Shelbyville A. J. Steidley Ed R. Allen Samuel B. Jackson
Stark — Toulon Frank Thomas William E. Nixon Walter F. Young
St. Clair— Belleville J. B. Messick A. J. H. Hoerr John F. O'Flaherty
Frank Perrin. P. C. A. Summers, R.
Stephenson — Freeport Roscoe J. Carnahan A. H. Volkers J. O. Templeton
Tazewell — Pekin Charles Schaeler T. E. Solterman E. L. Meyers
Union-rJonesboro .'David W. Karracker Charles L. Kimmel Fred Bacon
Vermilion — Danville Thomas A. Graham John R. Moore C. E. Wellman
Walter J. Bookwalter. P. W. H. Carter, R.
Wabash— Mount Carmel W. S. Wilhite E. L. Holsen Elmer Stoltz
Warren— Monmouth C. M. Huey W. W. Brent John Lugg
Washington — Nashville William P. Green Henry F. Heckert Oscar H. Rinne
Wayne — Fairfield J. V. Heidinger E. D. Freshwater Elmer Hargrave
White— Carmi Alys Pyle Matthew Martin Otis Downen
Whiteside— Morrison W. A. Blodgett M. W. Chapin C. W. McCall
Will — Joliet G. J. Cowing Edward G. Young-... L. H. Piepenbrink
Samuel Drew Henry F. Schmidt.P.C. . Wm. W. Smith.K.
Williamson— Marion Wiley F. Slater E. H. Scobey Leslie O. Caplinger
Winnebago— Rockford Fred E. Carpenter Freeman Johnson Lewis F. Lake
John A. Bowman. R.
Woodford— Eureka Arthur C. Fort C. S. Holman D. C. Belsley
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
869>
County. Treasurer. Sheriff.
Adams — Frank A. Jasper K. J. Simmons ...
Alexander — K. J. Hodges Jesse A. Miller ...
Bond — Seymour Van Deusen Louis D. Royer ...
Boone — Charles D. Loop Edward J. Haac ...
Brown — W. F. Hanson C. W. Cory ...
Bureau— Watts T. Mercer Len Spalding ...
Calhoun — Elias M. Bailey Peter A. Gotway ...
Carroll— William H. Stitely Henry S. WiS3 ...
Cass— J. R. Sligli G. W. Farrar ...
Champaign — James A. Reeves.. .Geo. W. Davis ...
Christian — Jesse L. Patterson. .Dan'l L. Dunbar . . .
Clark— John W. Lewis W. A. Byram ...
Clay— Aden Kellums H. N. McElyiu ...
Clinton— R. P. Farrell 1 John Knied ...
Coles — Grant Childress Vincent Aye . . .
Cook — Harry Gibbons Charles W. Peters . . .
Crawford— J. T. Cox H. E. Parker . . .
Cumberland — Edward A. Ormsby Elias Jobe ...
DeKalb— Walter H. May William H. Decker ...
DeWitt— Joel C. Cool J. W. Persons ...
Douglas — Theodore F. Howard F. E. Parker ...
DuPage — John F. Kesterman. .Geo. F. Leineke ...
Edgar — Elmer Sunkel Oda M. Sizemore ...
Edwards — Charles Naylor Clyde Roosevelt • . .
Effingham — Amos Munday J. D. Marshall . . •
Fayette — William H. Gray Lev! J. Browning1 ...
Ford— T. A. Flora Albert T. Carlson ...
Franklin— Jno. A. McClintock . Robt. S. Watkins ...
Fulton— H. L. Fouts Guy R. Williams ...
Gallatin— Robert R. Elliott Allen Barnett ...
Green — Horace W. Foreman. . .John B. Morrow ...
Grundy — Roy Enger Joseph H. Francis ...
Hamilton — Abraham Peer. ...Wm. J. Campbell ...
Hancock — Fred Salm. Jr J. N. Bennett ...
Hardin— W. B. Allard D. V. Cox ...
Henderson — Oscar A. Rankin. ..Robt. T. McDill ...
Henry-^Charles A. Kellogg Samuel Wilson ...
Iroquois — Homer M. Brown Geo. P. Heikes ...
Jackson — William S. Roberts . James W. Gibson ...
Jasper — John W. Howell James A. Eaton ...
Jefferson — James H. Kell Grant Holcomb ...
Jersey — Fred W. Howell James Catt ...
Jo Daviess — John A. Bingham W. J. Shipton ...
Johnson — I. N. Elkins John L. Veach ...
Kane — Oscar B. Nelson Claude Poole ...
Kankakee— Albert J. Bethf ur. .William J. Riley . . .
Kendall— Arthur G. Larson. .Martin N. Hextell ...
Knox— Herbert M. Bloomquist. .Jas. T. Wheeler ...
Lake — Leroy Bracher Elmer J. Green . . .
LaSalle— George M. Reynolds Curt S. Ayers ...
Lawrence — A. 'L. Candle Wm. H. Stivers ...
LecT-Wm. C. Thompson.. Frank A. Schoenholz ...
Livingston— A. B. Carrithers. .Robt. T. Gorman ...
Logan— H. J. Mayer A. G. Alberts ...
Macon— Charles H. Mooney.Mont E. Penniwell ...
Macpupin — William L. Baird W. E. Morris ...
Madison— B. S. Ferguson George E. Little ...
Marion— W. F. Wilson Lincoln Beasley ...
Marshall— Louis V. Osborne— William S. Riddle •••
Mason— W. J. Shirley George W. White ...
Massac — Loren Smith Osro Shirk ...
McDonough— John A. Barclay E. E. Sapp • ••
McHenry— Wm. S. McConnell.. .Ray J. Stewart ...
McLean — William C. Means Ralph Spafford ...
Menard— W. D. Power Harry Graustaff . . .
Mercer— Charles A. Freise John P. Fleming ...
Monroe — Hugo Bremser Ernest W. Loehr . . .
Montgomery — John W. Rea E. T. Marshall •••
Morgan — William A. Masters Grant Graff ...
Moultrifr— Oliver F. Dolan Charles Lansden ...
Ogle-^-William D. Mackey.. George D. Banning ...
Peoria— A. B. McGill Lewis M. Hines ...
Perry — Samuel N. Hunter. . .Thos. H. Thimmig ...
Piatt— David A. Troxel Edward R Gale ...
Pike— H. E. Williams John H Davis ...
Pope— Thomas F. Phelps H. G. McCormick ...
Pulaski— I. J. Hudson Imon Bankson ...
Putnam— John W. Stouffer C. D. Maulfair ...
Randolph — Henry Lucht J. H. McGuire ...
Richland— Charles Byer Frank Craig ...
Rock Island— W. H. Whiteside J. S. Wigers ...
Saline — Guy M. Wallace John D. Cummins ...
Sangamon — George A. Fish.. Henry H. Mested ...
Schuyler — C. E. Worthington. .Edw. Leshbrook ...
Scott — C. M. Danner Fritz L. Haskell ...
Shelby— Ed. R. Knecht William T. Biggs ...
Stark— E. G. Williamson Grant G. Kilgore ...
St. Claii^-M. P. Murray, Jr Ed. P. Petri ...
State's attorney. Supt. schools.
J. Leroy Adair John H. Steiner
Leslie L. Wilbourn Asa D. Twente-
H. A. Meyer William E. White
Frank A. Oakley. .Elizabeth B. Harvey
R. E. Vandeventer Lavina O'Neil
Joseph Skinner George O. Smith
C. C. Worthy S. J. Sibley
F. J. Stransky John Hay
W. T. Lordley (acting) .Walter E. Buck
Louis A. Busch C. H. Watts
Harry B. Hershey O. P. Simpson
O. R. Clements Harold Bright
Harvey W. Shriner. .George W. Brewer
Hugh V. Murray William Johnston
Emery Andrews O. L. Minter
Maclay Hoyne E. J. Tobin
Charles E. Jones. .. Robert E. McKnight
Glenn Ratcliff L. C. Markwell
Lowell B. Smith Warren Hubbard
Grover C. Hoff John L. Costley
S. S. Duhamel E. E. Gere
Charles W. Hadley. .Charles B. Bowman
Wilbur H. Hickman O. Rice Jones
Allen E. Walker Grant Balding
Byron Piper J. W. Davis.
Will P. Welker Frank E. Crawford
F. M. Thompson H. M. Rudolph
Roy C. Martin H. Clay Ing-
Reed F. Cutler Perry H. Hellyer
Marsh Wiseheart J. F. Ashley
John C. Bowman Rollins Scott
Frank H. Hayes Earl F. Booth
Harry Anderson Samuel O'Dale
..... Earl W. Wood Stephen D. Faris
C. E. Soward Hattie M. Rittenhouse
Albert F. Fawley Allen L. Beall
Carl A. Melin Philip J. Stoneberg-
J. W. Kern F. A. Gilbreath
Otis F. Glenn Otto F. Aken
W. E. Isley Joseph H. Pursiful
Frank G. Thompson William Miner
Paul M. Hamilton Joseph W. Becker
Harry C. Tear Benjamin L. Birkbeck
O. R. Morgan E. W. Sutton
Charles L. Abbott Edw. A. Ellis.
Wayne H. Dyer Lewis Ogilvie
Oliver A. Burkhart George Elliott
A. J. Boutelle W. F. Boyes
James G. Welch T. A. Simpson
George S. Wiley W. R. Foster
Blaine Huffman Edwin Ashbaugh
Harry Edwards L. W. Miller
J. H. McFadden W. W. McCulloch
Everett Smith E. H. Lukenbill
Jesse L. Deck E. L. Dickey
Victor Hemphill George W. Solomon
Joseph P. Streuber H. T. McCrea
Samuel N. Finn Hattie Blair
Wallace J. Black Willard S. King
E. P. Nischwitz J. C. Stoddard
Walter Roberts W. A. Spence
Andrew L. Hainline B. E. Decker
Vincent S. Lumley A. M. Shelton
Miles K. Young B. C. Moore
H. E. Pond William Small
Oscar E. Carlstrom George E. Platt
Roy E. Gauen William C. Heyl
J. Earl Major E. A. Lewey
Carl E. Robinson. .. .H. H. Vascovcelloa
C. R. Patterson Nettie Roughton
W. J. Emerson John E. Cross
C. E. McNemar John A. Hayes
Nelson B. Layman R. B. Templeton
Charles W. Kirke C. Mclntosh
Edwin Johnston T. C. Moore
John W. Browning.. Stella A. Wierwille
C. S. Miller May S. Hawkins
James E. Taylor W. A. Paxon
Alfred D. Riess. .Louis W. von Behren
S. C. Lewis Earl H. Hostettler
F. E. Thompson Lou M. Harris
J. B. Lewis '. B. D. Gates
Charles F. Mortimer E. C. Pruitt
George B. Steele Calvin L. Cain
Thomas J. Priest John P. Ward
A. L. Yantis Charles B. Guin
John W. Fling. Jr George C. Baker
A. E. Schaumleffel W. A. Hough
870
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
County. Treasurer. Sheriff. State's attorney. Supt. schools.
Stephenson — Samuel Markel John G. Hayes Charles H. Green George W. Scott
Tazewell— Henry W. Toennigs Robert Clay Edward E. Black C. I. Martin
Union—Jeff M. Johnson John J. Tygett ........James Lingle Charles O. Otrick
Vermilion — Robert H. Maler. .Charles N. Knox J. H. Lewman O. P. Haworth
Wabash— Charles Buchanan John S. Rig's Harry M. Phipps Elmer Greathouse
Warren— W. D. Marshall A. M. Hicks C. E. Lauder F. M. Wenbigler
Washington— H. W. Finke H. Klosterhoff H. H. House T. E. Allen
Wayne — J. L. Matthews G. H. Anderson Roscoe Forth J. B. Galbraith
White— C. W. Frazier Charles D. Gibbs Joe A. Pearce D. L. Boyd
Whiteside— Fred W. Tripp P. A. Whitney J. J. Ludens Harry B. Price
Will — Benjamin D. Jones... .James E. Newkirk Robert W. Martin August Maue
Williamson— Ed. M. Heaten Melvin Thaxten R. R. Fowler J. W. McKinney
Winnebago — Frank A. Carson . Harry H. Baldwin William Johnson Abbie J. Craig
Woodford — Homer Darst George W. Tegand E. J. Henderson Roy L. Moore
BOULEVARD CONNECTING LINK PROJECT.
Plans for properly connecting the south and
north side boulevard systems of Chicago by
means of widening Michigan avenue and a new
bridge over the river began to be studied seri-
ously in 1906 by committees of various public
bodies, such as the city council, real estate
boards, park boards and by architects and other
private individuals. In 1906, 1907 and 1908 Daniel
H. Burnham ana Edward H. Bennett, architects,
working under the direction of the Commercial
club, prepared the famous "Plan of Chicago."
of which one feature was the Michigan avenue
improvement project. Nov. 1, 1909, the Chicago
Plan commission, representing the official ad-
ministration and the public generally, was cre-
ated by the city council in response to an of-
ficial request from Mayor Fred A. Busse, who
appointed its members. It held its first meet-
ing Nov. 4 in that year and elected Charles H.
Wacker as president. The duty of the com-
mission was to carry out as far as practicable
from time to time the ideas formulated in the
Commercial club, or as it Is often called, the
Burnham plan.
Study of the Michigan avenue project was be-
gun at once by the commission and after a
long series of meetings ana conferences it
adopted, July 10, 1911, a plan which was pre-
sented two days later to the board of local
Improvements for its consideration. June 2. 1913.
that body submitted to the city council an or-
dinance for carrying the plan into effect and
July 14 the ordinance was passed. Some of the
property owners affected began proceedings at-
tacking the validity of the ordinance and in
December the state Supreme court made a
ruling in which it declared that the ordinance
was invalid because of faulty description of
land involved in the project. A revised ordi-
nance, correcting the errors pointed out by the
court, was 'introduced in the council and finally
passed by that body March 23, 1914, without
opposition. At the election of Nov. 3, 1914, the
people of Chicago approved a proposition to issue
bonds in the sum of $3,800,000 for paying that part
of the cost chargeable to the city for the boule-
vard link.
The ordinance as passed calls for the Im-
provement of a thoroughfare extending from
Randolph street northward along Michigan ave-
nue, over the river, thence over private prop-
erty and along Pine street and Lincoln parkway
to Chicago avenue. Michigan avenue is to be
widened to 127.5 feet and that part of the new
thoroughfare north of the river is to be 141
feet wide. The improvement is to consist of a
two-level roadway comprising an upper level
extending the entire distance between Randolph
street and Chicago avenue and supported be-
tween Lake street and Grand avenue upon an
elevated steel and concrete structure, and a
lower level extending from Lake street to
Grand avenue. The bridge is to be double decked
and of the bascule type, the upper level con-
necting the parts of the upper level of the
thoroughfare and the lower level connecting the
portions of the lower level of the thoroughfare
north and south of the river. The upper level
of the bridge is to be ninety feet wide and the
lower level sixty feet. The structure is to have
a clear span between the abutments of 220 feet.
The upper level is to be used by pleasure ve-
hicles and the lower level Is to carry heavy
traffic.
The total cost of the entire improvement, in-
cluding land to be taken, is estimated at about
$7,000,000. The cost of the bridge, elevated
structure, walls and excavations, pavements
lighting and bridge machinery alone, without
land damages, is estimated at $2,298,247. Tin-
greater part of the cost will be met by assess-
ments on the property benefited.
Appraisement of the land and buildings to be
taken in whole or in part for the improvement
was completed in September, 1915, and it was
announced that fifty-two holders of real estate
would receive $4,942,088 ns awards from the city.
Work on the boulevard link was begun on the
afternoon of April 13, 1918, when the mayor.
William Hale Thompson, pulled a rope which tore
down part of the first building to be destroyed.
As the year progressed the buildings on the east
side of Michigan avenue were cut to correspond
to the new building line. Little other work was
done on account of government wartime restri«-
tions. At the election on Nov. 5. 1918. the voters
approved the issue of $3,000,000 bonds for the
completion of the project.
EQUALIZED ASSESSMENT OF ILLINOIS PROPERTY.
YEAR.
Real
estate.
Personal
property.
Railroad
property.
Total
valuation.
Tax
rate
siool
1840
1850
$86,532,237
$33.336,799
119,868.386
.58
1860
266.258,155
188,854,115
$12,085,472
367,227,742
.67
1870
1880
573.404,141
165,846.994
47,365.259
786,616.394
.36
1890
587.045,386
149,158,000
72.689.396
808.892.782
.86
1900
569.619.469
162,235.264
77,878.672
809,733.405
.50
1910
1 ,582.525.070
467,482.556
177,217,618
2.199,701,976
.30
191:5
1.648,500,546
470.904,243
178.092,000
2,343,879.691
.38
1913
1,658,544.334
509.623.714
192,151,627
2.422.344,379
.70
1014
1.701.348,931
504,124,339
200.008,164
2.455,745.799
.48
1915
1,748,711.296
535.1.T0.533
218.5S1.630
2,502,445,459
.55
191g
1,748,757,058
535.212.888
218,166,237
2.502,136,183
.80
1917
1,790,136,589
540.059,303
220.6o8.412
2,576.012.532
.90
1918
2.3b3.963.123
214,296.689
2.616.813,843
.75
N«tc — The assessed value is one-third of the actual value. Prior to 1909 it was one-fifth
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
871
COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS.
President County Board.
Walinwr Photo.
R. M. SWEITZER,
County Clerk.
M ACLA Y "HOYNE,
State's Attorney.
Barrett Photo. Hirach Photo. Monisun 1'hoto.
JOSEPH F. HAAS. THOMAS F. SCULLY. B. J. TOBIN,
Recorder. County Judge. County Supt. Schools.
WILLIAM R. PARKER. HENRY HORXER. CHARLES H. SERGEL, P. M HOFFMAN
Clerk Criminal Court. Judge Probate Court. Pres. Sanitary District. Coroner.
~
Steflein P
KDW. R. LITSINGER.
Board of Review.
Kwhne Photo.
P. A. NASH.
Board of Review
C. V. BARRETT,
Board of Review.
WM. H. WF.BKR.
Board of Assessors.
M. K. SHERIDAN. GEORGE K. SCHMIDT. ADAM WOLF.
Board of Assessors. Board of Assessors. Board of Assessors.
(Vallncer Photo.
OHAS. KHUTCKOFF.
Board of Assessors.
872
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS.
Hours 9 a. in. to 5 p. m.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.
Room 537 county building.
President— Peter Reinberg, D., 523 courthouse.
Clerk of County Board— Robert M. Sweitzer. D.,
600 courthouse.
Commissioners. City Districts— Peter Reinberg,
D. ; Charles N. Goodnow, R. ; Robert W.
McKinlay, D. ; Frank J. Wilson, D. ; Emmett
Whealan, D. ; Joseph M. Fitzgerald, D. ; Bart-
ley Burg, D. ; Albert Nowak, D. ; Daniel Ryan,
D. ; John Budinger, D. Country districts— Wil-
liam Busse, R. ; Joseph Carolan, R. ; Dudley
D. Pierson. R. ; George A. Miller, R. ; William
H. McLean, R. Room 537 courthouse
Committee Clerk— Peter Ellert, 527 courthouse.
Meetings— The regular meetings of the board of
commissioners are held on the first Monday of
December, January, February. March, June and
September of each year.
Duties— The commissioners are charged with the
management of the county affairs of Cook
county, as provided by law, having the same
powers as the boards of supervisors in other
counties. They make all appropriations and
contracts and authorize all expenditures. The
E resident appoints, with the approval of the
oard, the superintendent of public service and
other officers and employes whose election or
appointment Is not otherwise provided for by
COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE.
County building, 2d floor, south end.
Clerk— Robert M. Sweitzer, D.
Chief Deputy— John H. Mack.
Chief Clerk— Timothy J. Crowe.
Chief Tax Extensions— Martin J. O'Brien.
Chie_f Election Department— Daniel Herlihy.
Duties— The county clerk is also clerk of the
County court, clerk of the county board and
ex ofticio comptroller of county financial affairs.
As county clerk he issues all marriage licenses,
hunting, tavern and other licenses, keeps rec-
ords of births and deaths, assists at tax sales
and makes redemptions from same ; receives
all tax levies and computes county, state and
all city, village, district and other municipal
taxes. As clerk of County court he keeps a
record of insane, pauper, support, feeble
minded, inheritance tax and other cases. Nearly
all special assessment cases are recorded in
this office. As comptroller he disburses all
salaries and all other county funds and has
charge of all deeds, mortgages, contracts,
bonds, notes and similar papers belonging to
the county, settles all accounts, keeps books
showing appropriations and expenditures,
makes out report for fiscal year and submits
estimates for the expenses of all the depart-
ments of the county organization.
COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
Room 511 county building.
Comptroller — Robert M. Sweitzer. D.
Deputy Comptroller— William J. Graham.
Chief Clerk— Michael J. O'Connor.
Duties— See county clerk.
CLERK OF COUNTY COURT.
Room 600 county building.
Clerk— Robert M. Sweitzer. D.
Chief Clerk— Frank L. Pasdeloup.
COUNTY TREASURER'S OFFICE.
County building, 1st and 2d floors, north end.
County Treasurer— Harry Gibbons, D.
Duties — The county treasurer receives and dis-
burses, pursuant to law. all the revenues and
other public moneys belonging to the county.
He or his assistant countersigns county orders
and renders accounts to the board of com-
missioners.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.
Room 726 county building.
Superintendent— Henry A. Zender.
Duties — Purchases all supplies for the county in-
stitutions, advertising for bids at specified times
and entering into yearly or quarterly contracts
and making tests from time to time of the
articles furnished to determine if they are up
to contract requirements. Has supervision of
all maintenance and rehabilitation of county
buildings. Represents owners on all new con-
struction work; advertises for bids and handles
all plans and specifications.
STATE'S ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
Criminal court building, 2d floor, and 507
county building.
State's Attorney— Maclay Hoyne. D.
First Assistant— Michael F. Sullivan.
Assistant (county
Case, Jr.
attorney) — Charles Center
Chief Trial Assistant— Edwin J. Raber.
Grand Jury Assistant— William H. Duval.
Secretary— Edward J. Fleming.
Assistants— Marvin E. Barnhart John Prystalski.
Henry A. Berger, Hayden N. Bell, Dwight Mc-
Kay, James C. O'Brien, Grover C. Niemeyer,
Daniel G. Ramsay, John W. Beckwith, Ota P.
Lightfoot, Nicholas Michels. Edward A. Prindi-
ville, Ernst Buehler, Walter T. Stanton, Nellie
Carlin. George C. Bliss, John P. Monm, Justin
F. McCarthy, Edward H. Wilson, Thomas J.
Finn, Joseph P. Ryan, John F. O'Connell, John
E. Foster, John M. Lowery, James R. Consi-
dine, Augustus Kelly, John Owen. Henry Eck-
hardt, George Emmicke, Hart B. Baker, Robert
E. Hogan, Malcolm B. Sterrett, Eugene L.
McGarry, J. J. Viterna, Robert P. Rollo, James
E. McShane, Michael L. Rosinia, James C.
Dooley, Joseph A. Smejkal, W. W. DeArmond,
Eugene P. Quirke, Joel C. Carlson, Robert W.
Daniels, Martin Gorski, Nathan A. Lawrence,
G. A. Kyriakopulos, Jacob M. Arvey.
Duties of State's Attorney— To begin and prose-
cute, in courts of record in his county, all crim-
inal and civil actions in which the people of
the state or county may be concerned ; to prose-
cute or defend (as the case may be) all civil
actions brought by or against his county or
any county officer in his official capacity, and
all suits which it may become necessary to
prosecute or defend to enforce the collection
of taxes ; to give his opinion to county officers
and justices of the peace upon questions of law
relating to matters in which the people are
concerned.
RECORDER'S OFFICE.
County building, 1st floor, south end.
Recorder of Deeds — Joseph F. Haas, R.
Chief Deputy— John F. Devine.
Chief Clerk— Theodore R. Steinert.
Duties— The recorder is the keeper of the records.
and upon the filing of any instrument in writ-
Ing in his office entitled to be recorded he
must spread the same on the record books pro-
vided for that purpose, in the order of the time
of filing. He is also tU« official abstract maker
for Cook county.
REGISTRAR OF TITLES.
County building, 1st floor, south end
Registrar— Joseph F. Haas, R.
Chief Clerk— Harry E. Hoff.
Examiners— John B. Skinner, J. Scott Matthews,
Blake C. Smith, Bazel W. Veirs.
Advisory Examiners— Nathaniel C. Sears. Charles
T. Farson, Charles Werno, Enoch J. Price.
Duties — The registrar of titles under the Torrens
system of land registration directs the proce-
dure by which title is confirmed by decree of
court, which does away with the need of an
abstract, and the certificate of title which is
issued is guaranteed by the county.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
Room 547 county building.
Commissioners — Harry A. Lipsfcy, president ;
Ralph L. Peck, secretary ; James M. Whelan.
Assistant Secretary— William F. Foehringer.
Duties — The commissioners examine . applicants
for positions in the county service. Before an
examination is held fourteen days' notice is
given by advertisement. The rules are practi-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
873
cally the same as those governing other bodies
of the kind.
JURY COMMISSION.
Room 824 county building.
Commissioners — Joseph H. Barnett, president ;
Bernard J. Mullaney, secretary ; Charles W.
Seinwerth.
Clerk— Martin Peterson.
Duties — The commissioners are required to pre-
pare a list of electors qualitted to act as jurors.
to select names from such list and place them
in a jury box and a grand jury box, and to be
present when the names of jurors needed at
each term of court are drawn.
BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
County building, 3d floor, north end.
Members of the Board — Michael K. Sheridan, D. ;
William H. Weber, R. ; Adam Wolf, R. ; George
K. Schmidt, R. ; Charles Krutckoff. R.
Chief Clerk— Charles Krutckoff.
Duties — Fix the amount of assessment on all real
and personal property according to the rate re-
quired by law.
BOARD OF REVIEW.
County building, 3d floor, south end.
Members' of Board— Edward Litsinger, R. ; P. A.
Nash, D. ; Charles V. Barrett.
Chief Clerk— Stephen D. Grithn.
Duties — The board of review takes the place of
the old town board in revising and correcting
the findings of the assessors and in hearing and
adjusting complaints of property owners. The
decisions of the board of review are final.
COUNTY INSTITUTIONS.
[n Oak Forest.
Superintendent— Henry L. Bailey, D.
Duties — Has general management of infirmary or
poorbouse. poor farm and tuberculosis hospital.
COUNTY ARCHITECT.
11 South LaSalle street.
County Architect— Eric E. Hall.
Duties — The county architect makes designs for
new buildings, alterations in old ones, etc., as
required by the county board. (Paid In fees.)
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Room 506 county building.
Superintendent— Edward J. Tobin. D.
Duties — He is required to visit each school in
his district at least once a year, to see that
the teachers are qualified for the performance
of thei-r duties and to do all In his power to in-
crease the efficiency and elevate the standards
of the school.
BUREAU OF SOCIAL SERVICE OF COOK
COUNTY.
Room 1130 county building.
Superintendent— Miss Katherine Meade (attend-
ant).
Duties— Obtain support for dependents from rela-
tives legally liable for their care and mainte-
nance; investigate all cases of boys between
ages of 17 and 21 years held in Criminal court
pending trial and present report to trial judge ;
investigate insane cases heard in County court ;
investigate all health cases in Cook county out-
side of city of Chicago, especially emphasizing
tuberculosis.
COUNTY HOSPITAL.
Harrison and Honore streets.
Warden— Michael Zimmer. D.
Duties— Exercises general supervision over the
county hospital.
COUNTY AGENT'S OFFICE.
Main office, 213-215 South Peoria street; branch
offices, 1736 West North avenue. 837 West 47th
street, 8800 Houston avenue. 229 West North
avenue, 3466 Archer avenue. 1655 Blue Island
avenue, 2701 West 12th street. 221 East 115th
street.
County Agent — William H. Ehemann. D.
Duties— The county agent is responsible to the
president and board of county commissioners in
the carrying out of the plans for the relief of
the poor in the county of Cook. He issues
monthly rations to poor families found eligible
under the law, and provides shoes to needy
school children. He furnishes monthly rations
to poor families of veteran soldiers, sailors or
marines who have served in the rebellion and
Spanish-American war. He undertakes the re-
turn of nonresidents and alien paupers to their
legal place of residence and the extradition of
fathers who have deserted their families when
found and warrant is issued for their arrest.
He keeps a record of and passes on all medical
and institutional cases admitted to the county
hospital, the Oak Forest infirmary and the Oak
Forest tuberculosis hospital. He furnishes med-
ical services to the needy poor in their homes,
through the medium of county physicians. He
is the medium whereby blind, deaf and dumb
children are sent to the state school at Jack-
sonville. He investigates all cases recommend-
ed for mothers' pensions and supervises the pay-
ments of same. He investigates all applications
for pensions for the blind and reports on eligi-
bility of applicants to the county board and
supervises payment of the pensions. He author-
izes the payment of burial expenses of deceased
indigent or friendless soldiers, sailors or ma-
rines and all contagious cases of the poor. He
interests himself in any wrong existing or being
perpetrated on families of poor to which his
attention is called. He discovers and reports
cases of nonsupport by husband or relatives,
desertion, contribution to delinquency or de-
pendency of children to the various courts hav-
ing jurisdiction.
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Room 726 county building.
County Surveyor— Harry Emerson. R.
Duties— The surveyor is required to make all of-
ficial surveys in the county. (Paid in fees.)
COUNTY PHYSICIAN.
Office in detention hospital.
County Physician— Dr. Adam Szwajkart.
Duties— The county physician resides at the de-
tention hospital and gives medical attention to
the patients in that institution. Reports cases
to the County Court for the Insane for trial.
CORONER'S OFFICE.
Room 500 county building.
Coroner— Peter M. Hoffman. K.
Chief Clerk— John J. Dedrick
Chief Deputy— David R. Jones.
General Clerk — Otto Rexses.
Deputy Coroners— S. L. Davis. Charles Fitzner,
C. F. Kennedy, Henry Spears, M. G. Walsh, J.
J. Dedrick, Adolph Herrmann, William Ostrom.
John Thumm, George Williston, George A.
Webster.
Physicians— William H. Burmeister. H. G. W.
Reinhardt, E. R. LeCount. Joseph Springer,
Edward Hatton.
Chemist— Dr. William D. McNally.
Assistant Chemist — W. L. Bergman.
Reporters— A. J. Flynn, L. H. Morse. E. E.
Wenger, W. C. Yunker, C. E. Gilman. David
T. Richie, Claude Van Fleet. W. P. Scanlon.
SHERIFF'S OFFICE.
County building, 4th floor, center.
Sheriff— Charles W. Peters, R.
Assistant Sheriff— Otto Spankuch.
Jailer— William T. Davles, R.
Duties — The sheriff serves and returns all writs,
warrants, processes, orders and decrees legally
directed to him. He is the conservator of
peace In his county and may arrest offenders
on view. He is. the keeper of the jail and has
the custody of prisoners. It is also his duty
to attend the courts of record of the county
and obey their orders.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR.
Appointed by governor.
Administrator— Gordon A. Ramsay.
Attorney — Francis H. McKeever.
Duties — The public administrator is appointed by
the governor to administer the estates of de-
ceased persons under certain contingencies reg-
ulated by the statutes of the state of Illinois.
CUSTODIAN COUNTY BUILDING.
Room 1026 county building.
Custodian— John Czekala, D.
874
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
COURTS IN COOK COUNTY.
APPELLATE COURT, FIRST DIST., ILLINOIS.
14th Boor Boulevard building, Michigan boulevard
and Washington street.
Main Court— William E. Dever, presiding justice ;
William H. McSurely, Jesse Holdom.
first Branch— Charles A. MacDonald, presiding
Justice ; David F. Matchett. Albert C. Barnes.
Second Branch — John SI. O'Connor, presiding jus-
tice ; Charles M. Thomson, Thomas Taylor, Jr.
Clerk — James1 S. Mclnerney.
Deputy Clerks— Joseph P. Morrison, John J. Dun-
phy, Michael Normoyle, Robert Mudro, Miss
Mary Mclnerney.
Bailiff and Librarian — Andrew Whalen.
Jurisdiction— The Appellate court has jurisdiction
of all matters of appeal or writs of error from
the Superior, Circuit and County courts, and
from the Municipal court of Chicago, except in
criminal cases and those affecting a franchise
or freehold or the validity of a statute. De-
cisions are final in cases involving an amount
less than $1,000, except that an appeal may
be granted on a certificate of importance, or
a review may be allowed on a writ of cer-
tiorarl from the Supreme court.
Terms of Court— First Tuesdays in March and
October of each year.
SUPERIOR COURT.
Courthouse, 4th floor.
Judges. Terms expire.
Albert C. Barnes, R • 1923
Theodore Brentano, R 1921
William Fennimore Cooper, D 1922
Joseph B. David, D 1923
William E. Dever, D 1922
Joseph H. Fitch, D 1923
Charles M. Foell, R 1923
Martin M. Gridley. D 1922
Henry Guerln, D 1923
Jacob H. Hopkins, D 1923
Oscar Hebel, R 1923
Joseph Sabath. D 1922
Marcus A. Kavanagh, R 1923
Charles A. MacDonald. D 1922
M. L. McKinley. D 1923
William H. McSnrely, R 1923
John M. O'Connor, D 1919
Hugo Pam, R 1923
Denis E. Sullivan, D 1923
John J. Sullivan, D 1920
Clerk— John Kjellander, R. ; courthouse, fourth
floor, south end. Chief deputy, Leonard A.
Brundage. Salaries— Judges, $12,000; of clerk,
$9.000.
(Judges elected prior to 1915 get $10,000 a year.)
Jurisdiction— The Superior court has concurrent
jurisdiction with the Circuit court in all cases
of law and equity and in appeals from inferior
courts.
Terms of Court— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
CIRCUIT COURT.
Courthouse, 4th floor.
Terms of Judges all expire in June, 1921.
Judges.
Victor P. Arnold, R.
Robert E. Crowe. R.
Jesse A. Baldwin, R.
George F. Barrett, R.
David M. Brothers, R.
Jesse Holdom, R.
George Kersten, D.
David F. Matchett, R.
John P. McGoorty, D.
Merritt W. Pinckney, R.
Kickham Scanlan, R.
Frederick A. Smith, R.
Thomas Taylor, Jr., R.
Charles M. Thomson, R.
Oscar M. Torrison, R.
Richard S. Tuthill, R.
Charles M. Walker, D.
Thomas G. Windes, D.
Frank Johnston. Jr., D.
Anton T. Zeman, R.
Clerk— August W. Miller, R. ; chief clerk, Louis
A. Hutt ; fourth floor, north end.
Salaries— Same as those of Superior conrt.
Jurisdiction— Same ns that of the Superior court.
Terms of Court— Begin on the third Monday of
every month.
COUNTY COURT.
Courthouse, 6th floor.
Judge— Thomas F. Scully, D.; term expires in
December, 1922.
Clerk— R. M. Sweltzer, D.; 600 courthouse.
Jurisdiction — The County court has concurrent
jurisdiction with the Circuit courts in all cases
of appeal from justices of the peace and police
magistrates and in all common law matters
where the value of property does not exceed
$1,000; concurrent jurisdiction with courts of
record in condemnation and special assessment
proceedings; exclusive Jurisdiction in voluntary
assignments, release of insolvent debtors, trials
of the right of property, commitment of insane
and the support of paupers by their relatives;
objections to the sale of real estate for nonpay-
ment of general or special taxes are heard in
the County court and all inheritance taxes are
levied and collected under its direction; the
official bonds of most county and township of-
ficers and the yearly reports of clerks, justices
of the peace and state's attorneys and other of-
ficers of fees collected are subject to the ap-
proval of that court; the County court in Cook
county has entire management and control of
all elections in Chicago.
CRIMINAL COURT.
Criminal court building. West Austin avenue and
North Dearborn street.
Judges— Judges of the Superior and Circuit courts
alternate in presiding over the Criminal court.
Clerk— William R. Parker. R. ; office in Criminal
court building.
Jurisdiction— The Criminal court of Cook county
has original jurisdiction of all criminal ot-
fenses except such as is conferred upon jus-
tices of the peace, and appellate Jurisdiction
from justices of the peace.
Terms of Conrt— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
PROBATE COURT.
Courthouse, 6th floor.
Judge — Henry Homer, D. : term expires In 1922.
Assistants— Philip P. Bregstone, Harry G. Keats,
I. T. Dankowskl, E. G. Purkheiser.
Clerk— John F. Devine. R.
Public Administrator— James F. Bishop. D.
Public Guardian— Miss Nellie Carlin.
Jurisdiction— The Probate court has original juris-
diction in all matters of probate, the settlb-
ment of estates of deceased persons, the ap
pointment of guardians and conservators and
settlement of their accounts, and in all mat-
ters relating to apprentices, and in cases of
sales of real estate of deceased persons for
the payment of debts.
Terms of Court— Begin on the first Monday of
every month.
JUVENILE COURT OF COOK COUNTY.
Room 1007 County building.
Judge— Merritt W. Pinckney.
Assistant— Mary M. Bartelme.
Chief Probation Officer— Joel D. Hunter.
Jurisdiction — The Juvenile court hears and dis-
poses of cases brought before it under the act
to regulate the treatment and control of do-
pendent, neglected and delinquent children,
known as the Juvenile court act. It also ad-
ministers the law providing for the partial sup-
port of mothers whose husbands are dead or
are incapacitated for work when such mothers
have children under 14 years of age. The
Juvenile detention home is at 771 Gilpin place.
U. S. CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS.
Federal building, 7th floor.
Associate Justice— John H. Clarke.
Judges— Francis E. Baker, Samuel Alschuler,
Julian W. Mack, Evan A. Evans.
Clerk— Edward M. lloiioway.
Salary of judges, $7,000 a year.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
876
Jurisdiction— The Circuit Courts of Appeal have
appellate jurisdiction to review final deci-
sions iu District courts of Indiana, Illinois and
Wisconsin in all cases other than those which
may be taken direct to the United States Su-
preme court.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT.
Federal building, 6th floor.
Judges— Kenesaw M. Landis, George A. Carpenter.
Clerk— Thomas C. Mac Millan.
Marshal— John J. Bradley.
Salary of judges, $6,000 a year.
Jurisdiction — L'uited States District courts hare
jurisdiction of cases where the United States
is plaintiff or defendant; of crimes and ef-
fenses cognizable under the authority of the
United States; of suits relating to debts by or
to the United States; of admiralty and mari-
time cases; of suits arising under the postal,
patent, trade-mark, copyright, immigration,
contract labor, national banking, antitrust
laws, etc.
Chief Justice — Harry Olson, room 915.
Clerk — James A. Kearns. R.
Bailiff— Dennis J. Egau. D.
Judges. Terms expire.
Harry Olson. R 1924
Daniel P. Trude, R 1924
Harry M. Fisher. D 1924
William N. Gemmill. R 1924
John J. Rooney, D 1924
Joseph S. LaBuy, D 1924
Charles F. McKiuley, R 1924
John K. Prindiville. D 1924
Arnold Heap, R 1924
Bernard P. Barasa. R..' 1924
Leo J. Doyle, D 1920
Sheridan E. Fry, R 1920
Charles A. Williams, D 1924
Frank H. Graham. D 1920
James Donahoe, D 1820
Edmund K. Jarecki. D 1920
John Stelk, D 1920
Dennis W. Sullivan, D 1920
Samuel H. Trude. R 1920
Irwin R. Hazen. R 1920
John R. Newcomer, R 1922
Hosea W. Wells, R 1922
Wells M. Cook, R 1922
John A. Swanson, R 1922
John Richardson. R 1922
Hugh R. Stewart, R 1922
John F. Haas. R 1922
Howard Hayes, R ,1922
John R. Caverly, D 1922
Harry P. Dolan, D 1922
Salaries — Chief justice, $12,000 a year ; associate
justices, $9,000; clerk, $6,000; chief deputy clerk,
$4,000; two assistant chief deputy clerks and
•ne auditor, $3,000; other clerks, $1,800 to $2,500;
bailiff. $6,000; chief deputy bailiff, $4,000; two
assistant chief deputy bailiffs, $2,500; other
bailiffs. $1,500 to $2,000.
MUNICIPAL COURTS OF CHICAGO.
City hall, 8th and 9th floors.
Civil Courts— First district, city hall: second dis-
trict, 8855 and 8857 Exchange avenue. South
Chicago.
Criminal Courts— First district: Branches 1 and 2,
Criminal court building; South Clark street
branches 1 and 2, 625 South Clark street; Des-
plaiues street branch, 119 North Desplaines
street; 'Maxwell street branch. Maxwell and
Morgan streets; Hyde Park branch, 5223 Lake
Park avenue; West Chicago avenue branch, 1123
West Chicago avenue; Shakespeare avenue
branch, Shakespeare and California avenues:
East Chicago avenue branch, 115 East Chicago
avenue; Englewood branch, 6347 Wentworth
avenue. Second district, 8855-8857 Exchange ave-
cue, South Chicago.
JURISDICTION.
1. All actions on contracts when the amount
claimed by the plaintiff exceeds $1,000; all ac-
tions for the recovery of personal property the
value of which exceeds $1,000; all actions for the
recovery of damages for the conversion of per-
sonal property when the amount sought to be
recovered exceeds $1,000.
2. Criminal cases of the grade of felony, ex-
cept treason and murder, and cases of habeas
corpus.
3. Criminal cases below the grade of felony,
except habeas corpus cases.
4. Civil actions for the recovery of money only
when the amount does not exceed $1,000; actions
for recovery of personal property valued at less
than $1,000: actions of forcible detainer; actions
and proceedings over which justices of the peace
have jurisdiction and actions not otherwise pro-
vided for by the act.
5. Quasi criminal actions.
6. Proceedings for the prevention of crime; for
the arrest, examination and commitment of per-
sons charged with criminal offenses; proceed-
ings Involving use of search warrants.
DIRECTORY OF COUNTY DEPARTMENTS AND COURTS.
LOCATION OF COUNTY BUILDINGS.
Courthouse — Clark street, -between Washington
and Randolph; south side.
County Jail— North Dearborn and Illinois streets;
north side.
Criminal Court building— West Austin avenue and
North Dearborn street ; north side.
Children's hospital— Wood street, near Polk; west
side.
County Hospital— Harrison and Honore streets:
west side.
County Infirmary— Oak Forest; reached by the
Rock Island railroad.
County Morgue — Wood and Polk streets; west side.
Detention Hospital — Wood and Polk streets: west
side.
County Agent— Main office, 213 South Peorla
street ; west side.
Juvenile Court— Room 1007 courthouse.
Home for Delinquent and Dependent Children—
771 Ewing street.
IN COURTHOUSE.
Board of Assessors — Third floor, north end.
Board of Review— Third floor, south end.
County Commissioners— Room 531.
Committee Clerk— Room 527.
County Treasurer — First and second floors, north
fnd.
County Clerk — Second floor, south end.
County Court — Room 603.
County Court Clerk — Room 600.
County Comptroller — Room 511.
County Superintendent of Schools — Room 54€.
County Surveyor— Room 726.
Custodian— Room 1026.
'Coroner — Room 500.
Civil Service Commissioners — Room 547.
Circuit Court — Seventh floor.
Circuit Court Clerk — Fourth floor, north end.
Jury Commissioners — Room 824.
President County Board — Room 523.
Probate Court— Sixth floor.
Probate Court Clerk— Sixth floor.
Sheriff — Fourth floor, center.
Superior Court — Eighth floor.
Superior Court Clerk— Fourth floor, south end.
Superintendent of Public Service — Room 519.
CRIMINAL COURT BUILDING.
Criminal Court Clerk— First floor.
Criminal Courts— Third, fourth and flfth floors.
Sheriff (Bailiffs) in Charge of Criminal Courts-
First floor
Grand Jury Assembly Room— Second floor.
State's Attorney— Second floor.
876
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
TOWN OFFICERS
Supervisors, town clerks.
Barring-ton — Supervisor, C. P. Hawley, Bar-
rington, 1918-1920; clerk, J. F. Gieske, Bar-
ring-ton, 1918-1920; assessor, J. C. Plag-ge,
Barringtou, 1918-1920; collector, Timothy
Peckham, Barrington, 1918-1920.
Berwyn — Supervisor, Harry J. Faithorn, Ber-
wyn, 1918-1920; clerk. Frank Yanda, Ber-
wyn. 1918-1920; assessor, Anthony Fink,
Berwyn, 1918-1920; collector. Henry Groh,
Berwyn, 1918-1920.
Bloom — Supervisor, Mrs. Elizabeth McDermott,
Chicago Heights, 1918-J920; clerk, W. H.
Freeman, Chicago Heights, 1918-1920; as-
sessor, Harry Green, Chicago Heights, 1918-
1920; collector, Arthur C. Schroeder, Chi-
cago Heights, 1918-1920.
Bremen — Supervisor, Otto Ziebell, Harvey,
1918-1920; clerk, William Funk, Tinley
Park. 1918-1920: assessor, William Maiboff,
Tinley Park, 1918-1920; collector, Herman
Siemsen, Tinley Park, 1918-1920
Calumet — Supervisor, Thomas Becker, Blue
Island. 1918-1920: clerk. Frank Lossman,
11826 Lowe avenue, Chicagil, 1918-1920;
assessor, D. W. Jelleman, 234 West 109th
street, Chicago, 1918-1920; collector. Emil
J. Wanek. 10183 Elizabeth street. Chicago,
1918-1920.
Cicero — President, Joseph Z. Klenha, 5104
West 23d place: supervisor, Frank Waszie-
wicz, 2923 South 49th avenue, Cicero, 1918-
1920; clerk, Frank Hovcek. 2416 South 60th
street, Clyde, 1918-1920; assessor, Anton
Vendley. 5820 West 22d street, Clyde, 1918-
1920; collector, Timothy J. Buckley, 1234
South 49th avenue, Cicero, 1918-1920.
Elk Grove — Supervisor, Louis Heimsoth. Ar-
lington Heights, 1918-1920; clerk, A. B.
Scharringhausen, Arlington Heights, 1918-
1920; assessor, George Meier, Mount Pros-
pect, 1918-1920; collector, John C. Meyer,
Arlington Heights, 1918-1920.
Evanston (town)— Clerk, John F. Hahn,
Evanston, 1917-1919; collector, John West-
reicher, Evanston, 1917-1919.
Hanover — Supervisor, Charles A. Gifford,
Elgin, 1918-1920; clerk, Ben Schultz, Bart-
let t. 1918-1920; assessor, H. L. Oltendorf,
Bartlett, 1918-1920: collector, Henry Gro-
mer, Elgin R. F. D., 1918-1920.
Lemont — Supervisor, Patrick Hennebry, Le-
mont, 1918-1920; clerk, Gilbert Helbig, Le-
mont, 1918-1920; assessor, John Doolin,
Lemont, 1918-1920; collector, John F. Carl-
son, Lemont, 1918-1920.
Leyden — Supervisor, Frederick Joss, Bensen-
ville, R. F. D. No. 1, 1918-1920; clerk,
Henry Buckman, River Grove, 1918-1920;
assessor, A. B. Kirchoff, Franklin Park,
1918-1920; collector, Albert H. Dunteman,
Bensenville, R. F. D. No. 1, 1918-1920.
Lyons — Supervisor, George O. Pratt, 222 South
Spring avenue, LaGrange, 1918-1920; clerk,
Henry R. Ganger, 27 Harris avenue, La-
Grange, 1918-1920; assessor, James G. Wol-
cott. 117 South 6th avenue, LaGrange,
1918-1920; collector, Henry B. Kilgour. 231
South Waiola avenue, LaGrange, 1918-1920.
Maine — Supervisor, William Koehler, Des
Plaines, 1918-1920; clerk, M. H. Brown, Des
Plaines, 1918-1920; assessor, John H. Curtis,
Des Plaines, 1918-1920: collector, Michael
Schiessle, Park Ridge, 1918-1920.
New Trier — Supervisor, Gertrude M. Thurston,
882 Oak street, Winnetka, 1918-1920; clerk,
Walton W. Crozier, Glenooe, 1918-1920; as-
sessor. George E. Harbangh, Wilmette, 1918-
1920; collector, Hoyt King-, 711 Forest ave-
nue, Wilmette. 1918-1920.
Niles — Supervisor. David Fielweber, Morton
Grove, 1918-1920; clerk. Charles F. Lang-
field, Niles Center, 1918-1920; assessor. Ed-
ward L. Niemann, Morton Grove, 1918-1920;
collector, Ferdinand C. Baumann, Morton
Grove, R. F. D. No. 1, 1918-1920.
IN COOK COUNTY.
assessors and collectors.
Northfield — Supervisor, William A. Bernhardt.
Glen View, 1918-1920: clerk, Andrew Thurl-
sen, Shermerville, 1918-1920; assessor, Wil-
liam R. Landwehr, Shermerville, 1918-1920;
collector, Rudolph Sauer, Shermerville, 1918-
1920.
Norwood Park — Supervisor, James Giles, Nor-
wood Park, 1918-1920; clerk, James F. Wil-
lis, Norwood Park, 1918-1920; assessor,
James F. Willing, Norwood Park, 1918-1920;
collector, Frank J. Phillips, Norwood Park,
1918-1920.
Oak Park — Supervisor, George Walker, 350
Forest avenue. Oak Park, 1918-1920: clerk
H. N. Leadamann, Oak Park, 1918-1920;
assessor, James P. Willing, 317 South Kenil-
worth avenue. Oak Park, 1918-1920: col-
lector. G. Whittier Gale. 124 North Kenil-
worth avenue, Oak Park, 1918-1920.
Orland— Supervisor, J. E. Kuch, Tinley Park,
1918-1920; clerk, B. F. Sippel, Tinley Park,
1918-1920; assessor, Martin Smith, Orland.
1918-1920; collector, Adam Schilling-, Tinley
Park, 1918-1920.
Palatine — Supervisor, A. W. Timmsrman, Pala-
tine, 1918-1920; clerk, Harry H. Schoppe.
Palatine. 1918-1920: assessor. Frank P. Dan-
iels, Palatine, 1918-1920: collector, Henry
C. Heide. Palatine. 1918-1920.
Palos — Supervisor, Peter Lucas, Palos Park,
1918-1920; clerk, P. J. O'Connell, Worth.
1918-1920; assessor. John McCord, Palos
Park, 1918-1920: collector. Henry Elliott,
Oak Lawn, 1918-1920.
Proviso — Supervisor, John C. Carson, Melrose
Park. 1918-1920; clerk, Fred Samuel, Jr.,
Forest Park. 1918-1920; assessor. Otto
Gorke, Jr., Forest Park, 1918-1920; col-
lector, Alfred Papp, Maywood, 1918-1920.
Rich — Supervisor, Louis Mahler, Matteson,
1918-1920: clerk. Philip Hillger. Matteson,
1918-1920; assessor. N. Campe, Richton.
1918-1920; collector, H. P. Seeman, Matte-
son, 1918-1920.
River Forest — Supervisor, E. A. Davenport,
280 Ashland avenue. River Forest, 1918-
1920; town clerk, Clyde R. Harrison, 258
Park avenue. River Forest. 1918-1920; as-
sessor, Frank H. Chase, 288 Ashland avenue.
River Forest, 1918-1920; collector, Arthur
S. Hatch, 145 Keystone avenue. River For-
est, 1918-1920.
Riverside — Supervisor, Frank Frederick, River-
side, 1918-1920; clerk, Charles H. Glanz,
Riverside, 1918-1920; assessor, Charles D.
Sherm/.i, Riverside, 1918-1920; collector,
Fred if. Crowe, Riverside. 1918-1920.
Schaumberg — Supervisor, Albert Sporleder.
Palatine, R. F. D. No. 2, 1918-1920; clerk,
William C. Kreft, Palatine, 1918-1920; as-
sessor, Henry E. Quindel, Palatine, R. F. D.
No. 1, 1918-1920; collector, Fred Boterman,
Roselle, 1918-1920.
Stickney — Supervisor, Charles Kluck, 5400
West 61st street, 1918-1920: clerk, T. Ma-
honey, Clearing-. 1918-1920: assessor. Joseph
Sykora, Summit. 1918-1920: collector. F.
Scharmer, Cicero. 1918-1920.
Thornton — Supervisor, William F. Propper, Dol-
ton, 1918-1920; clerk, James B. Ellis,
Harvey, 1918-1920; assessor, John B. Bul-
feldt, Thornton, 1918-1920; collector, Peter
A. Anker, South Holland, 1918-1920.
Wheeling — Supervisor, F. H. Lorenzen, Arling-
ton Heights. 1918-1920; clerk. R. H. Boeger.
Arlington Heights, 1918-1920; assessor, J.
Schwingle, Wheeling, 1918-1920: collector.
William A. Meyer, Arlington Heights, 1918-
1920.
Worth— Supervisor. Charles H. Eidam, Blue
Island, 1918-1920: clerk, A. S. Helquist. Blue
Island. 1918-1920: assessor, John H. Kruse.
Blue Island. 1918-1920: collpctor. William H.
Harnew, Oak Lawn, 1918-1920.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
877
The towns of Hyde Park, Jefferson, Lake,
Lake View, North Chicago, South Chicago
and West Chicago lie wholly within the city
of Chicag-o. The ex officio supervisor and col-
lector for all is the county treasurer, and the
ex officio collector and town clerk is the
county clerk.
Terms of supervisors, town clerks and col-
lectors expire in April, 1920, terms of as-
sessors expire Dec. 31. 1920.
COOK COUNTY CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
[From report of county comptroller.]
COUNTY HOSPITAL.
1916. 1917.
Number patients*... 1.835 1.832
Salaries $417.181.59 $460.804.49
Nursing: 229.750.94 259,737.48
Supplies 366,960.81 479.953.73
Repairs, etc 22.196.18 25.162.35
Total expense 1.036,089.52 1,225,658.05
Cost per capita 1.57 1.83
OAK FOREST INSTITUTIONS.
Number inmates*... 3.596 3,654
Salaries $159,900.52 $206,037.63
Supplies 373.760.55 473.853.01
Repairs, etc 23.607.93 22,549.00
Total expense 593.269.90 702,439.64
Cost per capita .46 .53
HOME FOR DELINQUENT AND DEPENDENT
CHILDREN.
Number inmates*... 124
Salaries $50.324.64
Supplies 42.017.87
Repairs, etc 989.40
116
$45.310.70
35.228.30
1.000.29
Total expense 93,331.91 81.539.29
Cost per capita 2.09 1.93
COUNTY AGENT.
Families! 3.704 3.706
Salaries $125,335.22 $126,709-36
Supplies 226,169.03 298,820.50
Repairs 325.28 407.84
Total expense 351.829.53 425.937.70
*Daily average number. tMpnthly average
number of families aided in their homes.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS FOR DEPENDENT
CHILDREN.
Cook county sends its delinquent children to
state institutions, but all dependent children
are committed to incorporated industrial or
manual training' schools, $15 a month being'
allowed for each girl and $10 for each boy.
The following- table shows the schools to
which Cook county sends dependent children,
the monthly average number of children sent
to each and the total expense in 1916:
School. Children. Cost.
St. Mary's Training 406 $43,192.74
Glenwood Manual Training. .. 175 18,155.12
Chicago Indus, school (girls) .
Park Ridge school (girls)....
Illinois Technical school (col-
ored girls) ,
Polish Manual Training (boys)
St. Hedwig's Industrial (girls)
Lisle Manual Training (boys)
Lisle Industrial (girls) 54
Catherina Kasper Industrial
(girls) 194
Kettler Manual Training (boys)
Amanda Smith Indus, (girls) .
Louise Manual Training (col-
ored boys) 36
Bohemian Industrial (girls) . .
Bohemian Train. sch9ol (boys)
Addison Manual Train, (boys)
Addison Industrial (girls) ....
Total 2.231 290,077.14
COOK COUNTY PARENTS' PENSION FUND.
The Illinois parents' pension law, effective
July 1, 1911, as amended June 30, 1913, pro-
vides that any mother who is a citizen of the
United States, who has resided in Cook county
three years, whose husband is dead or has
become permanently incapacitated for work,
is entitled to assistance, the maximum amount
being* $15 a month where there is but one
child and not exceeding $50 a month for any
one family. Total payments from July 1,
1911, to Nov. 30, 1915. $439.873.37: 1912,
876,536.77: 1913. $132,182.69: 1914, $100.-
347.99: 1915, $130,805.92: 1916. $213.261.17;
1917, $261,690.60.
Average per month. 1915.
Families assisted 429
270
44.313.83
86
14.233.0O
50
8.033.0O
259
28.045.54
214
35.721.00
85
8,747.55
54
8,337^.72
194
31.426.05
258
26,167.36
38
6,528.50
36
3.851.20
14
2,233.50
26
2,883.99
46
4,812.54
21
3,394.50
Number of children 1.392
Children per family 3.27
Paid to family $25.41 $26.73 $27.47
Cost per child $7.77 $8.59 $9.06
1916.
665
2,070
3.11
1917.
794
2.408
3.03
CHICAGO INTERURBAN TROLLEY LINES.
«| Following are the principal electric Interurban
^Ines with terminals In or near Chicago, with the
names of the principal points reached by them:
Chicago & Milwaukee — Terminal in Evauston;
makes connection with Northwestern elevated and
surface lines to Chicago; runs north to Wauke-
gan. Kenosha, Racine and Milwaukee: branch
from Lake Bluff to Libertyville and Rockefeller.
Electric lines run from Milwaukee to Burlington,
to East Troy, to Waukesha, Pewaukee. Ocono-
mowoc and Watertown and to Sheboygan and
Elkhart lake.
Chicago & Joliet— Terminal at 48th street and
Archer avenue; runs southwest to Lockport and
Joliet: connects at Joliet with lines for Aurora.
Chicago Heights, Morris. Seneca, Ottawa, Starved
Rock. Utica. LaSalle. Peru, Spring Valley. Bu-
reau and Princeton. From Ottawa a line runs to
Streator.
Aurora. Elgin & Chicago — Terminal at 256 5th
avenue: runs in a westerly direction to Wheaton.
where one branch runs northwest to Elgin and
one southwest to Aurora: at Eola Junction on
the latter branch a line runs to Batavia. Aurora
and Elgin are connected by a line which runs
a 3 far south as Yorkville and as far north as
Carpenterville. At Elgin connection is made
with a line running to Belvidere and Rockford
and from the latter place a line runs west to
Freeport and another north to Beloit and Janes-
ville. At Aurora a line runs northwest to De-
Kalb. The Aurora, Elgin & Chicago road is
operated on the third rail system.
Chicago & Southern Traction — Terminal at 79th
and Halsted streets: runs in a southeasterly di-
rection to Chicago Heights and Kankakee*
Chicago. Lake Shore & South Bend— Terminal
at Pullman ; runs in nn easterly direction to
Michigan City and South Bend ; connects at South
Bend with interurban lines reaching various
points in Michigan and Indiana.
'CLOSED" HOURS ON BRIDGES OF CHICAGO.
Following are the hours when the bridges of
Chicago are closed to river traffic: Bridges on
the main river, on the south branch as far
south as 12th street, inclusive, and on the
north branch to Kinzie street, inclusive. 6 :30
to 9 a. m. and 4:30 to 6:30 p. m.: on the
north branch from Kinzie, exclusive, to Hal-
sted street, inclusive, and on the south branch
from 12th street, exclusive, to Halsted street,
inclusive. 6 to 7 a. m. and 5:30 to 6:30 p. m.:
all other bridges from 6 to 7 a. m. and 6 to 7
p. m. Rush street bridge may be opened half
an hour earlier in evening- to admit passage
of passenger boats.
S78
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
SALARIES OF COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS AND E3IPLOYES (1918).
Yearly except where otherwise specified.
COUNTY BOARD.
President $7.000
Commissioners. 14 at... 3.60C
Secretary to president.. 3.00C
Committee clerk 2,500
Stenographers, 3, each.. 1,320
Investigator 2,500
COMPTROLLER.
Comptroller (see county clerk).
Deputy comptroller $6.000
Chief clerk 3.000
Auditor 2.500
Accountants, 2 at 1,980
Cashiers, 2 at 1,800
Bookkeeper 1.980
Clerks. $1,500 to 1.800
Stenographer 1,500
SUPERINTENDENT PUBLIC
SERVICE.
Superintendent $6.000
Head clerk 3.000
Senior clerks, each 1.500
Inspector purchases 2,700
Principal bookkeeper 1,680
Buyer 1.800
Storekeeper 1.380
Supt. mechanics 3,300
Chief electrician 2.280
NOT&— Mechanics are paid
prevailing union wages.
SHERIFF.
Sheriff $9.960
Assistant sheriff 3,600
Chief deputy 4,000
Chief bailiffs. 2 at 2,400
Assistant bailiffs, 2 at. 1.650
Real estate clerk 1,980
Cashier 1.800
Summons clerk 1,800
Execution clerk 1.800
Clerks. $1.200 to 1.500
Deputy sheriffs, 26 at.. 2.000
Bailiffs, 125 at 1.560
Criminal Court Building.
Custodian $2,100
Chief engineer 2,400
Electrician 2.100
Plumber 2.100
Steamfitter 2,100
County Jail.
Jailer $2.500
Assistant jailers, 3 at.. 1.800
Storekeeper 1,320
Physician 1.500
Matrons. 3 at 900
Engineer 1.680
Instructor 1.000
Jail guards (per mo.),
$100 to 110
County Buildina.
Custodian $3,000
Assistant custodian 1,500
Chief engineer 2.750
Steamfitter 2.10O
Plumber 2,100
Electrician 2,100
Elevator starters. 2 at. 1.320
Elevator men. 18 at 1.080
Marble caretaker 1,794
CIVIL SERVICE COMMIS-
SION.
President $1,500
Commissioners, 2 at 1.500
Chief examiner 2.000
Principal examiner 2,000
Senior clerk 1.500
Principal clerk 1,560
BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
Assessors, 5 at $5,000
Attorney 3.600
Chief clerk 4.000
Assistant chief clerk... .$3,000
Valuation expert 2.200
Chief draftsman 1.62(
Real' estate expert 2,40(
Surveyor 1,950
Clerks, $1,000 to 2.100
BOARD OF REVIEW.
Members. 3 at $7,000
Chief 'clerk 4,000
Assistant chief clerk... 3.00C
Attorney for board 3,600
Principal clerk 2,100
Real estate expert 3.000
Clerks, $1,320 to 2,100
COUNTY TREASURER.
Treasurer* $14,50C
Assistant treasurer 6,000
Chief clerk 3.600
Auditor 3,000
Head bookkeeper 3,300
Head cashier 2,700
Head clerk 2,700
Clerks, $1.000 to 2.100
•Allowed by board. $4,000:
as ex offlcio town collector of
each of seven towns ($1,500
each). $10.500.
COUNTY CLERK.
County clerk $9,000
Private secretary 1,500
Chief deputy 3,600
Chief clerk 3,000
Cashier 2.520
Chief tax extension 3,600
Head clerk 2,400
Head bookkeeper 2,520
Clerks, $1.200 to 2.100
RECORDER.
Recorder $9.000
Chief deputy 3.600
Chief clerk 2,700
Clerks, each, $1,200 to. 1,800
Publicity Division.
Principal clerk $1,800
Senior clerk 1,500
Recording Division.
Cashier $1,980
Teller 1,680
Bookkeeper 1.560
Abstract Department.
Chief clerk $2.400
Clerks. $1,000 to 2.000
Retranscribing Department.
Head clerk $2.400
Senior clerk 1.650
Principal clerk 1.800
Torrens Department.
Attorney and examiner.$4,000
Attorney and examiner. 3,600
Attorney and examiner. 3.000
Attorney and examiner. 2,500
Chief clerk 3.000
Clerks. $1,200 to 1,800
CIRCUIT COURT CLERK.
Clerk of court $9.000
ihief deputy 3.000
ihief clerk 2,100
Cashier 1,800
Dlerks. $1,080 to 2,100
SUPERIOR* COURT CLERK.
Clerk of court $9.000
ftief deputy 3.000
hief clerk 2.100
Principal clerk 1.800
ashier 1.800
lerks. $1.200 to 1.800
CLERK COUNTY COURT.
Chief clerk $3.000
Cashier 1.800
Clerks, $1,200 to 1,800
PROBATE COURT CLERK.
Clerk Probate court S9.000
Assistant to judge 3.600
Assts. to judge, 3 at... 3.300
Chief clerk 3.000
Clerks, $1.000 to 2,000
CRIMINAL COURT CLERK.
Clerk Criminal court $9,000
Chief deputy 3,000
Chief clerk 2,400
Cashier 1,800
Clerks, $1.200 to 1,800
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
State's attorney $11,600
Assistant 7000
Assistant 6 500
Assistants, 2 at 5.500
Assistants, 3 at 4.800
Assistants, 6 at 4,500
Assistants, 6 at 4000
Assistants, 5 at 3,600
Assistants, 12 at 3,000
Assistants, 11 at 2400
Assistants, 5 at 2,000
Secretary 4.000
Investigator 2.400
Chief court reporter. . . 3,000
Assistant chief reporter 2.000
Court reporters; 4 at. . 1.860
Clerks, $1,200 to 1,500
COUNTY INSTITUTIONS.
At Oak Forest.
Superintendent $3.600
Asst. superintendent.... 2.400
Head physician 2.100
Supervisor 1,920
Druggist 1,620
Chief engineeer 2.200
Wages of minor employes
run from $32.50 to $90 a
month. Nurses get from $30
to $150 a month. Nearly all
are provided with board and
lodging and laundry service
free.
At County Hospital.
Warden $3.600
County physician 3.500
Assistant warden 3.300
Assistant warden 2,800
Radiographer 2.400
Druggist 1.500
Principal clerk 2,100
Chief engineer 2,200
Nurses (per mo.) $70 to 125
Board, etc.. is in some cases
free.
BUREAU SOCIAL SERVICE.
Superintendent $2.600
Supervisor 1.380
Head nurse 1,500
COUNTY AGENT.
Bounty agent $4.500
Assistant agent 2.500
Assistant agents. 8 at. . 1.800
Deporting agent 1.980
G. A. R. Relief.
Superintendent $1,200
Secretary 900
Visitors (per mo.), $60
to 66
Stenographer 720
DELINQUENT HOME.
Superintendent $1.800
Physician 2.400
Matron 1.200
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
879
JUVENILE COURT.
Director (psychopathic) $5, 000
Assistant (woman) 5,000
ADULT PROBATION.
Chief probation officer . $2,500
Probation officers.
$1,080 to 1.500
JURY COMMISSION.
Commissioners, 3 at $1,500
Principal clerk 1.800
Clerks, $1,200 to 1.320
SUPT. OP SCHOOLS.
Superintendent *$7,500
Supervisors. 3 at 2,160
Supervisors, 2 at 2,100
•Paid by state.
ELECTION COMMISSION.
Commissioners, 3 at $4.000
Chief clerk 5.000
Assistant chief clerk . . . 3.000
CORONER.
Coroner $9,000
Chief deputy 3,600
Statistician 1.500
Morgue keeper.... 1,500
Deputies. 11 at 2,000
Court reporters, 8 at... 1,860
SUPT. OP HIGHWAYS.
Superintendent $5,000
Assistant engineer $2,700
Assistant engineer 2,100
JUDGES.
Circuit judg-es, 20 at.. $10.000
Superior court judges.
19 at »12.000
Superior court judge. 1
at flO.OOO
County court judge 10.000
Probate court judge. . . 10,000
*$7,000 from county and
$5,000 from state. t$5,000
from county and $5,000 from
state.
COOK COUNTY APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1918.
Advertising fund
. .. $1,500.00
County treasurer. .
$455,749^)0
305.202.00
Assessment lists
5.500.00
County clerk
20 000 00
Budget fund
500.00
1.122.134.50
176.824.40
175.635.00
57,726.64
96.075.00
Change of venue fund
Children's outing fund
School for boys
Coroner's fund
8.000.00
3,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
Recorder
Abstract department
Torrens department
Circuit court clerk
Courthouse building
Deportation fund
Dieting jurors fund
Election fund
268.80
2,200.00
18.000.00
295.000.00
Superior court clerk
County court clerk
Probate court clerk ; . .
Sheriff — General office
Jury commissioners
71.061.00
46,862.00
94.442.50
282.926.00
20.490.00
20,000.00
85.364.47
Furniture, etc
General road fund
73.473.62
42,602.84
Election commissioners
Coroner
General supply fund
Hard roads fund
Hospital building
.. , 1.067,880.02
, 1.896.310.52
163.189.84
Total civil courts
1,400,311.01
74,826.00
230.735.00
67.137.90
107,281.50
Industrial schools
Insurance fund
Judgment fund
270.000.00
2.800.00
58.269.68
State's attorney.
Sheriff — Criminal court building.
Sheriff— Jail
Jurors' fund
Liabilities outstanding
Light, heat, power.
241.148.20
7.992.95
310.076.61
Total Criminal court
Oak Forest institutions
479,980.40
238.474.25
497,971.25
112.260.25
20.000.00
4.579.50
45.971.25
153,272.50
15.812.38
33,166.00
34.826.50
May wood home
600.00
County hospital
Miscellaneous
19.505.19
County agent, regular
M6thers' pensions
260.000.00
Physicians
26.299.78
G. A. R. relief
107.558 13
Home for delinquents
Outdoor relief
35.826.03
Juvenile court probation officers
Superintendent schools
Postage fund
17,500.00
President's fund
6,000.00
Adult probation office ". ..
Printing1 proceedings
5,000.00
Social service bureau
Relief for blind
45 000 00
1.300.00
Total charitable, etc
1,156,343.88
90,535.25
.. 4,782.704.99
Superintendent of highways
Special assessment
1.000.00
State aid roads
176.060.87
Total salaries
4.782.704.99
CES.
$7.291,616.13
1,200.000.00
330.000.00
280.000.00
20.000.00
70.000.00
55,000.00
90.000.00
55.000.00
145.000.00
110.000.00
40.500.00
State's attorney's fund
106.514.92
17.000.00
ESTIMATED RESOUR
Fiscal year, 1918.
Taxes.
All taxeB
20.334.40
3.000.00
Transportation prisoners . . .
8.500.00
Total
Fee Offices.
County treasurer
12.038.162.48
SALARIES AND
WAGES.
$69 360.00
County clerk
Recorder
37 84O OO
Superintendent public service 37,560.00
Mechanics 151. 664. "5
Circuit court clerk
Sheriff — County building. . . .
220.970.20
Civil service commission. . .
16.005.50
Probate court clerk
Total administration
533,399.95
Pniintrv tnronq
Total*
12,038,162.48
Board of review...
118.457.50
•Including1 auick assets, etc.
President — Robert E. L. Brooks.
Vice-President — Herman Tendings.
Secretary — William H. Loehdy.
Treasurer— William H. Gieseke.
COOK COUNTY REAL ESTATE BOARD.
Officers in 1918.
Directors — Frank L. Dean. Paul C. Loeber. J.
Madison Pace. A. S. Rund. Richard W.
Wolf. Frederick Pischel. Mark Levy, Walter
J. Becker. Edward J. Haley.
880
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1919.
COOK COUNTY FINANCES.
[From Comptroller Robert M. Sweitzer's annual report for the fiscal year ended Dec. 1,
1917, and brought down to Jan. 10, 1918.]
GENERAL, BALANCE SHEET. | EXPENSES BY DIVISIONS.
Assets.
Capital assets —
Remunerative real estate $9,700.00
Unremunerative real estate 3,777.564.19
Building's and equipment 15,015.309.90
Roads, equipment 27.713.78
Roads, improvements 838.949.48
Hard road bonds 969.119.52
Cash in hand of treasurer 78.258.22
Total capital assets 20,716,615.07
Current assets —
Cash in hand of treasurer 277,402.16
Taxes 2.837,019.90
Delinquent taxes 2. 932. 5*9 .43
Uncollected fees 1,335,298.97
Accounts receivable 346,230.33
Supply department 501.49
Total current assets 7,729,002.38
Contingent assets —
Cash in hands of treasurer 12,616.48
Trust fund securities 51,421.41
Total contingent assets 64.037.89
Grand total 28.509.055.24
Liabilities.
Capital liabilities —
Funded debt 9,772,500.00
Capital surplus 10,944.115.07
Total capital liabilities 20.716.615.07
Current liabilities —
Warrants outstanding1 69,042 .81
Audited vouchers 222,109.05
Bond and interest accounts 232,924.39
Uncompleted contracts 1.030.796.02
Tax error and rebate fund 325,000.00
Delinquent taxes 1.441.605.48
Uncollected fees 948.690.60
Revenue surplus 3.458,833.93
Total current liabilities 7,729.002.28
Contingent liabilities 64,037.89
Grand total 28.509,655.24
CORPORA/TE SURPLUS ACCOUNT.
To Dec. 1. 1917.
Revenue.
1916 taxes extended 87.127,019.90
Interest on delinquent taxes 237.522.23
Interest on tax forfeitures 599.21
Forfeiture redemptions 21.20
Fee offices 2.744,734.39
Tavern licenses 6.948.34
Miscellaneous • 22.018.61
Gross revenue 10.138.863.88
Deductions —
Reserved for Uncollected fees. . . 70,208.10
Torrens indemnity fund 4,833.48
Abstract guaranty fund 1.051.46
Expenses paid by fee offices, etc. 4,500.00
Total 80,593.04
Total net revenue 10.058.270.84
Expenses.
Administration 699.208.72
Taxation and collection 1.039.383.32
1.804.646.33
877.130.26
3.215.431.21
977.459.71
1.030.796.02
Civil courts
Criminal courts
Charitable and educational
General division
Uncompleted contracts
Total operating expenses 9.744,655.57
Bonds matured 1.057,500 00
Additions to property 322.269.58
Total expenses 11.123.825.15
Excess of expense 1.065.544.31
Surplus as of Dec. 1. 1917 3.458.833.93
To Dec. 1, 1917.
Administration $659,858.44
Taxation and collection 1.146,692.09
Civil courts 1.710,596.47
Criminal courts 878,430.14
Charitable and educational 3.138.299.5U
General
Total corporate operating
Liquidation deferred liabilities..
Store room fund. :
Total other corporate.
County hospital
Hard roads fund
Hard roads salary
Courthouse building. . . .
Oak Forest building
8.244,903.48
1.574.207.90
502.09
1.574.709.99
655.762.93
668.307.68
57.804.13
103.694.98
1.261.67
Total special appropriations. . 1.486.831.39
Total by divisions 11.306.444.86
EXPENSES BY FUNDS.
Salaries and wases $4.380.670.80
Judges' salary 218,936.57
Extra judges 17.750.0O
Office supplies and expense 101,621.56
General supply 1.023,950.31
Light, heat and power '. . . 236.459.09
Furniture and repair 91,669.91
Operating expense 29.542.65
Bonds 1.032,500.00
Interest 415.788.75
Miscellaneous 1,866,129.32
Hospital building.
State aid roads
Hard roads
Outdppr relief ,
Liabilities outstanding
Soldiers and sailors dependent..
Courthouse building
Oak Forest building
655.762.93
87.064.18
668.307.68
33.845.55
325.994.23
15.494.78
103,694.98
1.261.67
Total by funds 11.306,444.86
EXPENDITURES AND LIABILITIES IN
DETAIL.
To Dec. 1. 1917.
Administration Division.
Salaries — Commissioners $69,255.08
Comptroller 37.779.47
Supt. public service, regular... 37.697.23
Supt. public service, mechanics 150,406.93
Sheriff county building 200.977.95
Civil service commissioners.... 15.173.50
Civil service commiss.. extra.. 472.00
Total 511.762.16
Supplies — Commissioners 479.07
Comptroller 1.547.78
Superintendent public service. 1.149.24
Sheriff, county building 13.58
Civil service commissioners 749.22
Total 3.938.89
Supplies, county building..' 11.995.48
Light, heat, power, county bldg. 40.379.18
Furniture and repair, county bids'. 38,621.07
Operating expense, county bldg. 3,046.11
Advertising 5.274.98
Budget 500.00
Insurance 252.40
President's fund 6.081.16
Printing board proceedings 4.307.98
Postage fund 14.990.26
Telephone fund 15.926.17
Transportation 2.466.00
Operating expenses, C9unty board 70.00
Operating expenses, civil service. 246.60
Total % 144.157.39
Total administration division.. 659.858.44
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
881
Taxation and Collection Di
Salaries —
Board of assessors, regular....
Board of assessors, extra
Bd. of assessors, country towns
Board of review, regular
vision.
5145,501.79
73.132.00
20,350.00
76.209.12
40.132.00
201.332.94
258.164.00
179.515.32
104.560.00
Light, heat and power, Critn. ct.
Light, heat and power, jail
$16,072.00
219.05
4,246.51
1.445.43
813.06
702.95
8.132.50
105.199.02
29.977.71
162.875.85
Furniture and repair, Crim. ct .
Furniture and repair, jail
Operating exp., Crim. ct. bldg...
Operating expense, jail.... .
Board of review, extra
Transportation of prisoners
State's attorney's fund
Additional judges
County treasurer, regular
County treasurer extra
County clerk regular
Additional jurors
County clerk, extra
Total
Total
Supplies — Board of assessors....
1,098.899.17
5.740.31
1,453.91
28.161.09
7.125.44
Total Criminal courts division
Charitable and Educational
Salaries — Oak Forest institutions
County hospital
878.430.14
Division.
. 206,037.63
460,804.49
102,800.36
19,649.00
4.260.00
45.310.70
148.221.26
13.479.88
2,499.00
30,541.01
County clerk
Total
42.480.75
5.312.17
County agent, regular
County agent, physicians ....
County agent. G. A. R
Assessment lists fund
Total taxation division
1.146.692.09
100,062.97
99.66-1. 60
159.167.94
50.849.25
99.182.85
73.130.92
45.716.43
99.781.67
287.106.05
20.572.53
19.999.80
86.073.65
Juvenile probation officers
Superintendent of schools
Supt. of schools, extra
Adult probation officers
Civil Courts Division
Salaries — Recorder, regular
Recorder, folio writers , .
Recorder, abstract department.
Recorder. Torrens department .
Total
1,064,159.34
365.953.92
308.943.75
261745.87
20,077.32
961.720.86
Clerk Circuit cout
Clerk Superior court
Clerk County court
Clerk Probate court
Sheriff— General office
Election commissioners
Coroner
General supplies —
Oak Forest institutions
County hospital
County agont
Home for delinquents
Total
Light, heat and power —
Total
Supplies — Recorder
Clerk Circuit court
Clerk Superior court
Clerk County court
Clerk Probate court
Sheriff — General office
1.141,608.66
13.891.86
6.645.83
3.279.88
1.397.48
4.353.79
1,688.67
779.45
1.443.83
Oak Forest
County hospital .*•
County agent
Home for delinquents
Total
Furniture and repairs —
County hospital
59,390.86
114,219.42
1.354.35
4.824.23
179.788.86
24,367.32
21,607.75
407.84
973.99
Coroner
Oak Forest institutions
Total
33.480.79
218.936.47
5.640.00
10.000.00
990.00
1.120.00
County agent ,
on i. lor a qu
Extra judges. Circuit court....
Extra judges, County court...
Extra judges; Probate court. .
Extra judges. Superior court. .
Total
47.356.90
1.389.36
3,480.47
12.972.31
6,521.79
Operating1 expenses —
Oak Forest institutions
County hospital
Total
Less judges Criminal courts
236,686.47
29.977.71
Home for delinquents
Total judges civil court
Coroner's fund
206,708.76
14.563.94
102.886.53
300.00
359.953.90
162.875.85
13,969.74
Office supplies —
Oak Forest institutions
1.094.38
4.282.52
297.94
1.339.05
1.699.62
2,394.06
678.25
907.95
Operating exp., clerk Probate ct.
Jurors
County hospital
Home for delinquents
Jurors (less criminal division)..
Special legal services
County agent
Juvenile court
Total
328.798.26
1.710,596.47
n.
72.059.27
258.583.00
2.268.92
61.710.46
96.312.85
Superintendent of schools-
Adult probation office
Total civil courts division
Criminal Courts Divisic
Salaries — Clerk Criminal court..
State's attorney, regular
Total
12,693.77
261.690.60
33.845.55
1.766.75
259.737.48
226,257.37
1.134.45
10,731.60
656.00
36.880.50
147.19
15.368.35
Mothers' pensions
State's attorney, extra
Sheriff. Criminal court bldg...
Sheriff, jail
Industrial schools
Total
490.934.50
3.498.76
6.651.35
39.581.77
Returning fugitives
General supplies —
Sheriff Criminal court
Sheriff jail
County jail, dieting prisoners.
School for boys
Total
49.731.88
2.344.78
5.238.03
6.00
490.87
848.215.84
3.138,299.50
IL.
1. 1917.
$1.304.851.52
330.789.55
Office supplies —
Clerk Criminal court
Total char, and educat. div.
RECEIPTS IN DETA
General fund account Dec.
From Fee Offices.
State's attorney
Sheriff, Criminal court bldg...'
Sheriff, jail
Total ..
8.079.68
County clerk . .
882
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Recorder $290,458.90
Recorder — Abstract department.. 19.977.69
Recorder— Registrar 64.396.10
Clerk of Circuit court 149.306.69
Clerk of Superior court 97,542.25
Clerk of County court 52,901.30
Clerk of Probate court 165,258.80
Sheriff 120.110.24
Coroner 3.991.30
Clerk of Criminal court 1.767.10
State's attorney 37,010.45
Total 2.638,361.89
From Taxes.
General taxes, 1916 6,695.780.97
Delinquent— Int. oa taxes. 1916 187,522.23
Forfeiture redemptions 12.40
Tax levy loans, 1917 taxes... 4,290.000.00
Interest on forfeitures 599.21
Forfeiture fees 8.80
Interest on taxes, 1915 50,000.00
Miscellaneous 13,907,785.57
Total receipts 14,170,300.51
Disbursements 14,163,004.48
Balance
7.296.03
FIXED ASSETS OF COOK COUNTY.
As of Dec. 2. 1916.
BONDED DEBT OF COOK COUNTY.
Dec. 1. 1917.
Refunding court Outstanding. Due an. Liin.
house $75,000.00 $37,500.00 1919
Refunding war. 172.500.00 57.500.00 1920
Building p u r-
poses 150,000.00 25.000.00 1923
Cook county... 375,000.00 62.500.00 1923
Refunding bonds 200.000.00 25,000.00 1925
New ct. house..2,000,000.00 250.000.00 1925
Infirmary bldg..l, 100,000.00 100.000.00 1928
New county
hospital 2,100.000.00 150.000.00 1931
Detention hos-
pital 300.000.00 50.000.00 1923
Infirmary bldgs. 800.000.00 50,000.00 1933
Pavilions, etc.. 900.000.00 « 50,000.00 1935
Hard road .1.600.000.00 200.000.00 1925
Total 9.772.500.00 1.057.500.00
The interest rate is 4 per cent except on the
building purposes bonds, where is it 3% per
cent.
The state constitution provides that the
county authorities shall never assess taxes the
aggregate of which shall exceed 75 cents per
$100 valuation unless authorized by a vote of
the people of the county.
Forty-third street and Ellis avenue.
Courthouse
Real estate.
$9.700.00
. 3 123 059 00
Buildings.
$i' 870 519 47
Equipment.
$548 615 72
Total.
$9.700.00
8 542 259 94
Criminal court building and jail. . .
.. 20360000
386 080 00
1.700 00
594 292.62
Juvenile court building
25 000 00
57 569.86
82 631 31
Oak Foreet institutions
6291816
2 820 035 83
46 935 00
2 931 967 81
.. 362.987.03
5,736,567.95
37.701.46
6,141 022.15
483.759.91
16 929.79
500 700 26
27 713 7«
27 713 76
Hard roads — improvements
838,949.48
3.777.564.19 14.354,533.02 679.595.73 19.659,537.33
INTEREST TURNED OVER BY COUNTY TREASURERS.
Turned over.
$64,402.61
70,021.77
70,138.80
85.113.33
Treasurer. Year.
John J. Hanberg 1903
John J. Hanberg 1904
John J. Hanberg 1905
John J. Hanberg 1906
Total 289,676.51
John R. Thompson 1907 119.762.84
John R. Thompson 1908 121.837.50
John R. Thompson 1909 111.866.91
John R. Thompson 1910 118,827.21
Total .. 472.294.46
Turned over.
$145,157.39
162.212.53
171.396.48
189,286.12
Treasurer. Year.
William L. O'Connell 1911
William L. O'Connell 1912
William L. O'Connell 1913
William L. O'Connell 1914
Total 668.052.52
Henry Stuckart 1915 271.355.79
Henry Stuckart 1916 297.828.69
Henry Stuckart 1917 340.025.08
Total 909.209.56
LEARNED SOCIETIES IN CHICAGO.
American Library Association — Public library
building: secretary. George B. Utley.
Chicago Academy of Sciences, The — Lincoln
park; president. Dr. John M. Coulter; secre-
tary. Charles F. Hills.
Chicago Architectural Club— 175 West Jack-
son boulevard: president. R. L. Franklin;
secretary. Raymond J. Ashton.
Chicago Astronomical Society — President. Elias
Colbert; secretary. Prof. Philip Fox, Evans-
ton.
Chicago Bar Association — Library rooms. 105
Monroe street; president. Amos C. Miller;
secretary, Arthur Dyrenforth.
Chicago Historical Society — Dearborn avenue
and Ontario street: president, Clarence A.
Burley; secretary, Seymour Morris; librarian,
Caroline Mcllvaine.
Chicago Law Institute — President. Charles J.
O'Connor; secretary, Alfred E. Barr.
Chicago Literary Club— 410 South Michigan
avenue; president. Clement W. Andrews: sec-
retary and treasurer, Frederick W. Gookin,
410 South Michigan avenue.
Chicago Medical Society — President. Dr. J. V.
Fowler: secretary. Dr. Hugh N. MacKechnie.
25 East Washington street.
Geographic Society of Chicago — President.
Frederick T. West: domestic corresponding
secretary, Mrs. Laurie R. Frazeur, 814 South
Michigan avenue: treasurer, Orpheus M.
Schantz, P. O. Box 223. Chicago.
Illinois Audubon Society— President O. M.
Schantz. 1649 Otis building: secretary, Mrs.
Frederick H. Pattee, Evanston.
Jewish Historical Society of Illinois — President,
Julius Rosenwald; secretary. H. L. Meites.
State Microscopical Society of Illinois — Presi-
dent. N. S. Amstutz. Valparaiso, Ind. ; sec-
retary. Charles A. Ruhl. 223 West Jackson
boulevard: corresponding secretary, V. A.
Latham, M. D., 1644 Morse avenue.
Western Economic Society— President Shailer
Mathews; secretary, H. G. Moulton.
Western Society of Engineers — 1735 Monad-
nock block: president. Henry J. Burt: secre-
tary, Edgar S. Nethercut.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
883
Moffrtl 1'hnto.
S. A. ETTELSON,
Corporation Counsel.
HARRY OLSON,
C. J. Municipal Court.
Daily Xew« Photo.
3. J. GARRITY.
Chief of Police.
CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS.
.10 1 IN K. ERICSON,
City Engineer.
Moffett Pboto.
WILLIAM HALE THOMPSON,
Mayor.
JAMES T IOOE,
City Clerk.
M. J. FAIIERTY,
Pres. Bil. Local Imp.
-New s Photo.
DR. JOHN D. ROB-
ERTSON.
Health Commissioner.
JeiAmB l l.etu. M:itzi-ne Photo. Daily News Photo. Daily News Photo.
JOHN P. GARNER. CLAYTON F. SMITH, JOHN D. RILEY, EUGENE R. PIKE,
Public- Service ComtrTr. city Treasurer. supt. Map Department. Comptroller.
Daily News Photo. \
THOMAS O'CONNOR.
Fire .Viarsbal.
CHARLES R. FRANCIS.
Comm'r Public Works.
1'hi.to.
CHAS. J. FORSBERG,
City Collector.
384
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS.
Heads of departments, assistants, chief clerks
and other employes. Their offices unless other-
wise specified are open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
MAYOR'S OFFICE.
Room 507 city hall. Hours 9:30 a. in. to 1 p. m.
Mayor— William Hale Thompson, R.
Private Secretary — Charles C. Fitzmorris. D.
Duties— The mayor presides over meetings of the
city council, approves or vetoes the acts of that
body, appoints all nonele«?tlve city officials, sees
that all the laws and ordinances are faithfully
executed, issues and revokes licenses and exer-
cises a general supervision over all the various
subordinate departments of the city govern-
ment.
THE CITY COUNCIL (1918-1919).
Presiding Officer— Mayor William Hale Thompson.
City Clerk— James T. Igoe, D.
Chief Clerk— Edward J. Padden.
Sergeant-at-Arms— William F. Harrab.
Ward. Aldermen.
1. Michae1 Kenna, D 307 South Clark street
John J. Coughlin, D..17 North LaSalle street
2. Robert R. Jackson. R..3300 South State street
Louis B. Anderson, R...2821 S. Wabash-av.
3. U. S. Schwartz, D 906, 6 N. Clark street
George F. Iliff, D 4695 'St. Lawrence-av.
4. John A. Richert. D..2603 S. Halsted street
David R. Hickey, D 2625 Stark street
5. Robert J. Mulcahy. D...1741 West 33d street
Joseph B. McDonough, D..538 W. 37th street
6. (Vacancy)
Alex. A. McCormick. R.954, 209 S. LaSalle-st.
7. Guy Guernsey, R 1515 Harris Trust bldg.
William R. Fetzer. R 155 N. Clark street
8. Martin S. Furman. D 8745 Commercial-av.
Ross A. Woodhull. D 9103 Commercial-av.
9. Sheldon W. Govier, D 11350 Forrestville-av.
Charles V. Johnson, Soc.. 11353 Stephenson-uv.
10. James McNichols, D... 13:22 Washburne avenue
Frank Klaus, D 1334 West 18th street
11. Herman Krumdick, D...1941 West 23d street
Edward F. Cullerton, D 510 Reaper block
12. Joseph I. Novak, D 2401 S. Trumbull-av.
Otto Kerner. D..1611 City Hall Square bldg.
13. John G. Home. D...3230 West Madison street
Thomas J. Ahern, D...3246 West Jackson-bd.
14. Joseph H. Smith, D..2342 West Superior-st.
George M. Maypole, D 3339 Fulton street
15. Oscar E. Olsen, R 1817 ConWay bldg.
Edward J. Kaindl. D...2600 West Chicago-av.
16. John A. Piotrowski. D..1459 Blackhawk street
Stanley H. Kunz, D 1916 Potomac-av.
17. S. S. Walkowlak. D..1317, 139 N. Clark-st.
Stanley Adamkiewicz, D..1029 Milwaukee-av.
18. Maurice F. Kavanagh. D..606 W. Madison-st.
John J. Tuohy, Ind...l215 West Adams-st.
19. James B. Bowler, D 1223 Taylor street
John Powers. D 1284 Macalister place.
20. Matt. Franz. D....1618 South Halsted street
Henry L. Fick, D 319 West 12th street
21. Earl J. Walker. R..1317, 139 North Clark-st.
Robert H. McCormick, R.ll South LaSalle-st.
22. John H. Bauler, D 515 West North avenue
William P. Ellison. D..750 West North-av.
23. Walter P. Steffen, R 3153 Hudson avenue
Thomas O. Wallace. R....846 Center street
24. John Haderlein, D 1509 Barry avenue
Frank F. Roeder, D 3021 Southport avenue
25. Frank J. Link. R 430 Orleans street
Henry D. Capitain, R — 184 West Lake-st.
26. George Pretzel. R..3830 North Hoyne avenue
William F. Lipps, R 2180 Wilson avenue
27. Oliver L. Watson, R...405, 69 W. Wash'ton-st.
J. C. Kennedy, Soc.. 3814 N. Central Park-av.
28. Mai Adamowski, D 2812 Fullerton avenue
Harry B. Littler. R...2505 N. Washtenawwv.
29. Thomas F. Byrne, D...1543 West 69th street
John Hrubec, R 1958 West 51st street
30. William R. O'Toole, D....5227 S. Morgan-st.
William J. Lynch, D 461 West 43d place
31. Terence F. Moran. D...B634 South Ann street
James A. Long, D 227 West 60th street
32. John H. Lyle, R. ..300-4. 108 S. LaSalle street
Albert J. Fisher. R 7157 Yale-av.
33. Albert O. Anderson, R 4346 Fullerton-av.
Irwin R. Hazen, R..909, 69 W. Washington-st.
34. John Toman, D 4141 West 21st place
Joseph O. Kostner, D..1404 Independence-bd.
35. Thomas J. Lynch, D 602 Ashland block
John S. Clark, D 4259 West North avenue
Standing Committees, 1918-1919.
Finance — Richert, Schwartz, A. A. McCormick.
Fetzer, Woodhull, Kerner. R. H. McCormick.
Capitain, Lipps, Watson, Littler, Long, Fisher,
Hazen, Clark.
Local Transportation-^-Capitain. Hickey, McDon-
ough, Nance, McNichols. Smith, Walkowiak.
Franz, Bauler, Wallace, Lipps, Watson, Byrne,
Fisher, Hazen, Toman, T. J. Lynch.
Gas, Oil and Electric Light— T. J. Lynch, Iliff,
Hickey, Nance, McNichols, Novak, Ahern, Wal-
kowiak, Bowler, Walker. Bauler, Wallace,
Link, Adamowski, O'Toole, Long, Toman.
Railway Terminals — Lipps. Kenna, Schwartz.
Fetzer, McNichols. Home. Walkowiak, Touhy,
Bowler, Walker, Capitain, Littler. Hrubec. W.
J. Lynch, Kostner.
Local Industries— Fisher, Hickey, A. A. McCor-
mick, Klaus, Cullerton, Novak, Ahern, Smith.
Olsen, Walker. Bauler. Pretzel. Hrubec.
O'Toole. Clark.
Harbors, Wharves and Bridges— Littler, Kenna.
Guernsey, Woodhull, Govier, Cullerton, Home.
Olsen, Kavanagh, Powers, Wallace. Haderlein.
Kennedy, Moran, Hazen.
Judiciary — Kerner, Coughlin, Schwartz, McDon-
ough, A. A. McOormick. Fetzer. Woodhull.
Maypole, Kaiudl, Kunz. Powers, Steffen, Roe-
der, Link, Hrubec, W. J. Lynch. Kostner.
Streets and Alleys— Toman, Coughlin, L. B. An-
derson, Mulcahy, Kunz, Adamkiewicz. Touhy,
Fick, R. H. McCormick. Ellison. Roeder. Ken-
nedy, W. J. Lynch, Lyle, A. O. Anderson.
License — Smith, L. B. Anderson, Mulcahy, Fur-
man, Klaus, Krumdick. Novak. Ahern, Kaindl.
Bowler, Haderlein, Byrne, O'Toole, Lyle,
Clark.
Buildings and City Hall— Pretzel. Jackson. Mul-
cahy, Guernsey, Johnson, Klaus', Krumdick,
Piotrowski, Kavanagh, Powers, Fick, Ellison,
Steffen, Adamowski. Moran.
Schools, Fire, Police and Civil SeYvice — Franz.
Jackson. Guernsey, Johnson, Krumdick, Home,
jtfaypole, Kaindl, Adamkiewicz, Touhy, Steffen,
Link, Kennedy, Adamowski, Byrne.
Public Health — Nance, Keuna, McDonough, Fur-
man, Johnson, Cullerton. Olseu, Kunz, Kava-
nagh, Franz, Ellison, Pretzel, Moran, A. O.
Anderson, Kostner.
Track Elevation — Maypole, Coughlin, L. B. An-
derson, Iliff, Govier, Olsen, Piotrowski, Fick,
Roeder.
Compensation — Iliff, Richert, Kerner. R. H. Mc-
Cormick, Lipps, Watson. Morau, Fisher, To-
man.
Parks, Playgrounds and Beaches— Long, Jackson,
Furman, Govier, Piotrowski, Adamkiewicz, Ha-
derlein, Lyle, A. O. Anderson (members other
than aldermen not yet appointed).
Home Defense — Kostner. Iliff, McDonough, Go-
vier, Touhy, Bowler. Steffen. Lyle. T. J.
Lynch.
CITY CLERK'S OFFICE.
City hall, first floor, south end.
City Clerk— James T. Igoe, D.
Chief Clerk to City Clerk— Edward J. Padden.
Duties — The city clerk keeps the corporate seal
of the city and all city council documents. He
attends the meetings of the council and kocps
the journal of its proceedings. All city licenses
are issued through his office. He is secretary
of the board of trustees of the firemen's pen-
sion fund. The city clerk also issues' hunters*
licenses.
CIT1 TREASURER'S OFFICE.
City hall, second floor.
Hours— 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. ; open to public,
10 a. m. to 3 p. rn.
City Treasurer— Clayton F. Smith, D.
Assistant— Joseph Rushkewicz.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
885
Chief Clerk— Albert J. Keefe.
Chief Cashier— J. C. Smith.
Duties — The city treasurer is an elective, charter
officer of the city of Chicago ; he is also school
treasurer of the city of Chicago ; treasurer of
the firemen's pension fund, public school teach-
ers' pension and retirement fund, public school
employes' pension fund, public library employes'
pension fund, municipal pension fund of Chi-
cago, and house of correction employes' pen-
sion fund. The treasurer receives all moneys
belonging to the corporation, deposits the funds
in bank, keeps separate accounts of each fund or
appropriation. He is the custodian of the taxes,
license fees and all other moneys and securities
belonging to the various funds of which he
is the treasurer. All disbursements of funds
are made by the treasurer on warrants signed
by officials who are designated by statute.
The legislature, by statutory enactments, re-
quires the city treasurer to render reports at
stated periods showing the condition of the
' treasury of the city and the balance of money
in the treasury, and to make such additional
reports as the city council from time to time
shall require. For this reason and for the
further purpose of supervising and limiting ex-
penditures to the amounts appropriated by the
city council for each object and purpose, the
treasurer is by statute required to keep the
accounts of all funds or appropriations and of
the debts and credits pertaining thereto. The
city's books and accounts must be kept open
by the treasurer for inspection by the commit-
tee on finance and all members of the city
council whenever information concerning the
city's financial affairs is required.
As school treasurer he is required by the state
school law to keep books and accounts concern-
Ing the financial affairs of the board of educa-
tion, including a record of the revenues col-
lected from taxation or received from the state
common school fund, etc.. and to make reports
at stated periods concerning the state of the
school treasury and the balance of money in
that treasury at the time such reports are
made. His books and accounts concerning
school matters must be kept open for inspec-
tion by the members of the board of educa-
tion whenever information concerning the finan-
cial affairs of the board of education is> re-
quired. His bond, at the present time, is fixed
at $2,000.000.
CITY COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
Room 501 city hall.
Comptroller— Eugene R. Pike, R.
Deputy Comptroller — Louis E. Gosselln, D.
Chief Clerk— Charles J. O'Connor.
Duties — The comptroller is at the head of the de-
partment of finance, of which the treasurer and
collector are also members. He is charged with
a general supervision over all the officers .of
the city who take in or pay out city money.
He is the fiscal agent of the city and as such
has charge of deeds, mortgages, contracts, etc.
He audits and settles claims, keeps a record
of persons committed to the house of correc-
tion, with fines, etc.; keeps books relating to
appropriations, makes the annual estimates,
signs warrants upon the city treasury, etc.
PAYMASTER'S BUREAU.
Room ii03 city hall.
Paymaster — John L. Healy.
Duties— The oity paymaster has immediate charge
of paying the salaries of city employes, includ-
ing school teachers and library employes.
CITY COLLECTOR'S OFFICE.
City hall, first floor, room 107.
City Collector— Charles J. Forsberg, R.
Deputy City Collector and Cashier— George F.
Loliman.
Duties— The city collector collects all license fees,
fees for inspections and permits, compensation
for franchises and vehicle tax; collects on
special assessment warrants; transmits such
payments to city treasurer dally, receipts for
which are filed with the city comptroller.
CITY LAW DEPARTMENT.
Corporation Counsel.
Corporation counsel's office, fifth floor, city hall;
telephone main 447.
Corporation Counsel — Samuel A. Ettelson.
First Assistant Corporation Counsel — Frank S.
Righeimer.
Secretary to the Corporation Counsel — Wilbur F.
Hartman.
Assistants — Frank D. Ayers, James W. Breen,
Henry T. Chace, Jr., John Buges, Morton S.
Cressy, George A. Curran, G. A. Dahlberg.
George W. Ellis, A. O. Erickson, H. C. Fos-
ter, Roy S. Gaskill, Leon Hornstein, George
Kandlik, B. F. Kleeman, Charles E. Peace,
Daniel- A. Roberts, Edward J. Smejkal, Edward
H. Wright, Emmanuel Eller.
Law Department, Board of Local Improvements.
Room 206 city hall.
Assistant Corporation Counsel and Attorney
Board of Local Improvements — Albert Green, Jr.
Assistant Corporation Counsel and Assistant At-
torneys for Board of Local Improvements—
Eugene H. Dupee, George P. Foster, William
T. J. Halley, Otto W. Ulrich, Harry Tiffany.
City Attorney.
Room 602 city hall.
City Attorney— William H. Devenish.
Chief Assistant City Attorney— Joseph J. Sulli-
van.
Trial Attorneys— Samuel M. Hamilton, Ralph W.
Condee.
Assistant Trial Attorneys— Henry J. Gibbs. Jerry
M. Brumfield, Robert L. Campbell.
Appellate Court Attorney— Edward Kelley.
Action Over Attorney — James J. O'Toole.
Chief Investigator— William Stocker.
Chief Clerk— Age Zylstra.
Docket Clerk— C. J. Righeimer.
Prosecuting Attorney.
Room 604 city hall.
Prosecuting Attorney— Harry B. Miller, R.
Chief Assistant— Daniel Webster.
Chief Clerk— L. P. Piquett.
Assistants — Edward J. Lyons, Lawrence Jacobs,
Rupert F. Bippus, Harry W. Meneley, Charles
Roloff, W. E. Moss, Harry W. Starr, Francis
Day. Edward H. Luebeck, Alex. Freundlich,
William Schulze, Adolph Borgmeier, Chas. C.
Bombaugh.
Duties — The corporation counsel superintends
and with the assistance of the prosecuting and
city attorneys conducts all the law business
of the city; draws the leases, deeds and other
papers connected with the finance department
and all contracts for any of the other depart-
ments of the corporation; drafts such ordi-
nances as may be required of him by the city
council or its committees and furnishes written
legal opinions upon subjects submitted to him
by the mayor or the city council or any depart-
ment of the city government.
CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE.
City hall, fourth floor.
City Engineer— John Erlcson. C. E,
Assistant City Engineer— II. W. Clausen.
Chief Clerk— W. J. Roach.
Duties — The city engineer has charge of the
construction, maintenance and operation of
bridges, viaducts and waterworks nnd performs
all such services for the commissioner of pub-
lic works as require the skill and experience
of a civil engineer.
In Charge of Divisions.
Construction — ITenrv W. Clausen.
Operation— Frank McDonough.
Water Pipe Extension — H. L. Lucas.
Repairs and Shop— Axel Akers.
Designing — George F. Samuel.
Inspection and Testing— L. S. Marsh.
Bridges and Viaducts— Thomas G. Pihlfeldt.
Harbor Master— Jacob F. McComb.
SS6
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
BUREAU OF RIVERS AND HARBOR.
Members of Board Ex Officio.
Commissioner of public works, chairman; city
comptroller, city engineer, harbor master,
superintendent bureau of compensation, chair-
man council committee on harbors, wharves
and bridges, cuahrnan council committee on
compensation.
Duties — Members of the board serve without
compensation other than their salaries as city
officials. They have the management and
control of all matters pertaining to the mu-
nicipal pier in harbor district No. 1 and all
other harbor utilities and appurtenances when
they are ready to use. The board keeps books
of accounts of such utilities and makes an
iMinual financial report to the city council. It
is required to promote the fullest use and de-
velopment of the pier and other harbor util-
ities.
Superintendent of Piers— Hugo Kranse, R.
Duties— The superintendent of piers is appointed
under the rules of the civil service board. He
is under the supervision and control of the
haibor board and performs such duties as the
board may prescribe. As his title implies, he
carries out the rules of the board relating to
the operation of the municipal pier or piers.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.
Room 613 city hall.
Commissioner— John P. Garner, R,
Secretary— P. G. Nix.
Bureau Supervisors.
Transportation— R. F. Kelker. Jr.
Telephone — G. W. Cummings.
Gas and Electric— Fred Abele.
Duties— The department requires all public util-
ities under its control to comply with the pro-
visions of their grants. It investigates such
utilities and gathers information concerning
them ; receives, investigates and adjusts com-
plaints regarding service, rates, products and
other matters relating to the health, comfort,
safety and convenience of the public, as affected
by such utilities ; conducts tests of gas and elec-
tric meters and makes reports to the city coun-
cil. The supervisor of transportation handles all
matters relating to service and rates of street
car lines, surface and elevated, and all trans-
portation complaints. The supervisor of the gas
bureau handles the testing of gas meters and
matters relating to the gas service, rates and
enforcement of laws. The supervisor of the tel-
ephone 'bureau looks after all matters relating
to the telephone service and rates. The super-
visor of the electric bureau looks after the
electric light and power service. The super-
visor of the engineering bureau makes certain
property valuations and prepares maps, charts,
utility statistics and engineering data for the
other bureaus.
BOARD OF SUPERVISING ENGINEERS— CHI-
CAGO TRACTION.
105 South LaSalle street.
Secretary— Lucius H. Davidson.
Board No. 1.
Chairman — Blon J. Arnold.
Representing City' of Chicago— F. L. R. Fran-
cisco.
Representing Chicago City Railway Company and
Southern Street Railway Company — Harvey B.
Fleming.
Representing Chicago Railways Company— John
Z. Murphy.
Engineer for Board — George Weston.
Board No. 2.
Chairman— Bion J. Arnold.
Representing City of Chicago— F. L. R. Fran-
cisco.
Representing Calumet & South Chicago Railway
Company— Harvey B. Fleming.
BUREAU OF WATER.
City hall, first floor.
Superintendent— William J. McCourt.
Chief Clerk— George J. Feser.
Accountant— James J. Dunn.
Cashier— Otto A. Dreier.
Chief Water Assessor— Thomas H. Byrne. ,
Field Assessor in Charge— J. J. Ward.
Duties — The superintendent of water has special
charge of the assessment and collection of
water rates.
BUREAU OF STREETS.
Room 408 city hull.
Superintendent— Felix S. Mitchell.
First Assistant Superintendent — Charles I. Smith.
Second Assistant Superintendent— W. J. Galilean
Third Assistant Superintendent— Thomas L. Mul-
roy.
Duties— The superintendent of streets performs
such duties as are required of him by the com-
missioner of public works or the ordinances of
the city. He has special charge of the streets,
sidewalks and public ways of the city and of
the improvement and repair thereof, except
where such repair or improvement is to lie paid
for by special assessment. The first assistant
superintendent performs such duties as may be
required of him by the commissioner of public*
works, the superintendent of streets or the city
ordinances, and acts as superintendent in the
letter's absence. The second assistant super-
intendent has charge of the cleaning of the
streets and alleys of the city, including the re-
moval and disposition of garbage, litter, dirt,
ashes, offal and other materials. He also sees
that the ordinances relating to garbage, etc.,
are enforced and that violations thereof are
reported for prosecution. The third assistant
has charge of the improvement and repairs of
the streets and alleys, except where such re-
pairs or improvements are to be paid for by
special assessment.
BUREAU OF SEWERS.
Room 409 city hall.
Superintendent— George E. McGrath.
Engineer in Charge of Benches and Grades— Wil-
liam R. Matthews.
Inspector in Charge — Edward J. Hayes.
Principal Clerk— Ed Cullerton. Jr.
Duties— The superintendent has charge of the
maintenance of sewers, including cleaning and
repairing; issuance of permits for all connec-
tions ; approves plans for all new sewers and
gives final inspection and approval.
BUREAU OF MAPS.
Room 410 city hall.
Superintendent— John D. Riley. D.
Duties — Has special charge of city maps and plats
and all matters pertaining to street numbering,
and is examiner of subdivisions.
BUREAU OF COMPENSATION.
Room V-15 city hall.
Superintendent — Henry V. McGurren.
Duties — Shall, under the direction of the com-
missioner of public works, have charge of and
receive all applications for permits to use
streets and alleys, or public grounds, or any
space beneath the same ; shall attend to ail
matters connected with the issuance of such
permits: also act in an advisory capacity, to
the committees on compensation, local indus-
tries and streets and alleys of the city coun-
cil. The superintendent is ex officio member
of the Chicago harbor board, which has super-
vision of the municipal pier and acts as sec-
retary of that body.
BOARD OF LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS.
City hall, second floor, south end.
Members — Michael J. Faherty, president; 4David
W. Clark, vice-president; L. Withall. assistant
secretary ; William H. Blencoe. Oscar Wolff.
Superintendent of Special Assessments and Sec-
retary— Edward J. Glackin.
Engineer Board of Local Improvements — Cicero
D. Hill.
Chief Engineer of Streets — Julius Ct. Gabelman.
Superintendent of Sidewalks — N. E. Murray.
Chief Clerk— T. Sullivan.
Duties — Making local improvements by special
assessments in accordance with the local im-
provement act.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
887
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS.
Room 406 city hall.
Commissioner — Chajrles R. Francis, R.
Deputy Commissioner— William Burkhardt, R.
Duties— The commissioner of public works is the
head of the department of public works, which
embraces the bureaus of engineering, streets,
sewers, water, maps and plats, compensation,
architecture, city hall, rivers and harbors,
waste disposal, parks, playgrounds and bathing
beaches. He is also chairman of the harbor
board, which has jurisdiction over the munici-
pal pier. The commissioner of public works
has special charge and superintendence, sub-
ject to the ordinances of the city, of all
streets, alleys, highways, walks, bridges,
viaducts, docks, wharves, public places, public
landings, public grounds, markets and market
places and public buildings belonging to the
city: of all works for the deepening and widen-
ing or. dredging of the Chicago river and its
branches, and of the harbor of said city: of all
sewers and works pertaining thereto ; and of
the waterworks and collection of water rates
and fees for the use of water or for permits
issued in connection with the waterworks sys-
tem, and of all sewerage permits and licenses:
the awarding and execution of all contracts
for any work or public improvement not done
by special assessment, and the letting of all
contracts for coal for use of any department of
the city.
BOARDS OF EXAMINERS.
Suite 1008 city hall.
Board of Examiners of Stationary Engineers.
President— Edward L. Miller.
First Vice-President—Edward F. Moore.
Second Vice- President — James N. Spencer.
Chief License Inspector — Henry G. McMahon.
Duties — The board of examiners of stationary
engineers is appointed by the mayor. It consists
of three members, all of them practical en-
gineers and competent judges of the construc-
tion of steam boilers and engines and expe-
rienced in their operation. The board ex-
amines applicants for licenses as engineers and
boiler or water tenders and issues to such
applicants as are found qualified proper cer-
tificates: each certificate issued expires by
limitation one year from date. An- application
for an engineer's license .must be accom-
panied by a fee of $2 and for a boiler tender
or water tender's license by a fee of $1. Ap-
plicants are required to pass by a percentage
of 70 or more.
Board of Examiners of Plumbers.
Chairman (ex offlcio)— Dr. John Dill Robertson,
commissioner of health.
Master Plumber — Oharles J. Herbert.
Journeyman Plumber — William W. Petrie.
Board of Examiners of Mason Contractors.
Chairman — Charles C. Stewart.
Vice-Chairman — William P. Crowe.
Duties— This board examines applicants as to
their practical knowledge of masonry construc-
tion and if satisfied as to competency issues
license. License expires one year from date of
issuance. Original license, $50 ; renewal, $25.
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS.
Room 702 city hall.
Commissioner — Charles Bostrom, R.
Deputy Commissioner — Robert Knight.
Secretary — Peter C. Hoey.
Duties— The building commissioner sees to It
that new buildings are put up in accordance
with the city ordinances, that old existing
buildings are brought into compliance with the
revised building ordinances, that fire escapes
are provided where needed, that unsafe struc-
tures are demolished or repaired, that safe
exits are provided in halls, theaters and all
other places of amusement.
DEPARTMENT OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY.
Room 614 city hall.
Commissioner of Gas and Electricity— William
G. Keith. R.
Deputy Commissioner of Gas and Electricity-
Henry Nixon.
Chief Operator— Frank W. Swenle.
Superintendent of Construction— Harry Leeer.
Chief Clerk — John E. Bradley.
Chief Electrical Inspector— Victor H. Tousley.
Duties— The commissioner of gas and electricity
has charge of construction and operation of
the city's street lighting circuits, equipment
and substations and the police and fire alarm
telegraph systems, the inspection of all elec-
trical installation within the city limits, the
registration of electricians and the examining
of moving picture operators.
DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLIES.
City hall, floor 3%.
Business Agent— James Rea, R.
Duties — Tin1 business agent buys all supplies for
city departments.
BUREAU OIF STATISTICS.
Room 1006 city hall.
City Statistician— John B. Strassburger, R.
Duties — The bureau of statistics being in the de-
partment of the mayor, the city statistician
does whatever work may be assigned him from
the mayor's office, and he supplies data on
municipal subjects to the aldermen and heads
of departments whenever such are required of
him. And he rentiers like service to the gen-
eral public upon call, or letter received, from
any person residing in Chicago or elsewhere.
MUNICIPAL REFERENCE LIBRARY.
Room 1005 city hall.
Municipal 'Reference Librarian — Frederick Rex.
Duties— The municipal reference library is the
city hall branch of the Chicago public library.
Its function is to provide, arrange and render
available for the use of the members of the
Chicago city council, its various comimittees
and municipal department and bureau heads
•public reports and other data bearing upon
the legislative and administrative projects be-
fore them. All laws and ordinances of other
cities or states bearing upon the questions
before the city council are secured and this
material is analyzed, indexed and prepared so
that it will be readily at hand. The library
keeps on file material of a local character
bearing on local questions and collects and
compiles statistical information relating to the
activities of all branches of the municipal
government. All reports printed or published
by the different governing bodies in the city
of Chicago or any of the departments or
bureaus of the municipal government are kept
on file. The library possesses one of the most
complete collections of the charters and ordi-
nances of domestic and foreign cities extant
in the United States. A large number of
municipal journals and magazines are received
and an index is made of all ordinances pend-
ing before the city council of Chicago and
other cities. If any information desired Is
not on file an effort is always made to secure
it as promptly as possible.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
City ball, seventh floor.
Commissioner of Health— John Dill Robertson,
M. D.
Assistant Commissioner — G. Koehler, M. D.
Secretary— E. R. Pritchard.
Office Secretary— S. F. Manning.
Chief Bureau of Vital Statistics— M. O. Heckard.
M. D.
Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection— Hem an
Spalding, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection—
I. D. Rawlings, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection—
H. O. Jones. M. D.
Chief Bureau of Sanitation— Charles B. Ball.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Sanitation— Thomas J.
daffy.
Chief Bureau of Food Inspection— A. J. Stokes,
M. D.
Chief Bureau of Hospitals, Baths and Comfort
Stations— W. K. Murray, M. D.
Director of Laboratory— F. O. Tonney, M. D.
City Physician— Clarence W. Leigh. M. D.
888
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Duties — The commissioner of health and his as-
sistants enforce state laws and city ordinances
relating to sanitation and cause all nuisances
to be promptly abated. They keep records of
deaths and other vital statistics, investigate
all cases of contagious diseases and take all
necessary steps to prevent their spread, such
as providing for vaccination, disinfection, etc.
The city physician attends to all cases in the
police stations requiring medical attention.
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
Headquarters— Fifth floor city hall, north end.
General Superintendent — John J. Garrity.
Secretary to General Superintendent— William H.
Luthardt.
First Deputy Superintendent— Morgan A. Collins
(acting).
Second Deputy Superintendent— Charles E. Frazier
(tenth floor, north end).
Secretary Police Department— Si Mayer (tenth
floor, north erid).
Chief Clerk— Phil McKenna (tenth floor, north
end).
Drillmaster— John Bauder (third floor).
Chief of Detectives — James L. Mooney.
Custodian — Joseph Capp (third floor, south end).
Captains— Max Nootbaar, Thomas P. Coughlin,
John J. Eyan, Patrick J. Lavin, Thomas H.
Costello, Joseph Smith, Henry E. Gorman,
Thomas F. Cronin, James Madden, John E.
Ptacek, Thomas F. Measlier, John D. McCarthy,
Stephen B. Wood, Mathew Zinimer, Max L.
Danuer, James O'Toole, William W. Cudmore,
James Gleason, J. C. Mullins, Michael J. Gal-
lery, William F. Russell, James P. Allman, W.
A. Westover.
Duties — The police department is charged \yith
preserving order, peace and quiet and enforc-
ing the laws and ordinances throughout the
city. Police officers have the power to make
arrests and to serve warrants. They are re-
quired to assist firemen in saving property, in
giving alarms of fire and in keeping the streets
in the vicinity of burning buildings clear. They
are also required to take notice of all ob-
structions and defects in the streets, nuisances.
HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
California avenue, near 26th street.
Superintendent — Joseph Siman, R.
Deputy .Superintendent — P. J. O'Connell.
House of Correction Inspectors — Ralph Esau,
chairman; George T. Moxley, secretary; John
J. Sloan.
Duties — The superintendent has charge of the
house of correction under the supervision aud
direction of the board of inspectors, enforces
order and discipline, receives prisoners and
discharges them on order or on expiration of
sentence.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Headquarters— Room 105 city hall.
Fire Marshal— Thomas O'Connor.
First Assistant Fire Marshal and Department
Inspector-^Edward J. Buckley.
Second Assistant Fire Marshal and Department
Inspector — (Vacancy).
Third Assistant Fire Marshal— A. R. Seyferlich.
Fourth Assistant— J. McAuliffe.
Fifth Assistant— Patrick J. Egan.
Sixth Assistant— James J. Costin.
Department Attorney— John R. McCabe.
Office Secretary— William Short.
Battalion Chiefs— 1st, Daniel J. Carmody; 2d.
Benjamin O'Connor ; 3d, Frank Oswald ; 4th,
Charles N. Heaney; 5th, Henry Wendt; 6th.
Thomas J. Reynolds; 7th, Michael Kerwin,
8th, John P. Stahl ; 9th, Patrick Rogers ; 10th.
David J. Mahoney; llth, John J. Costello;
12th. Joseph L. Kenyon; 13th, Frank Conway;
14th, Michael R. Driscoll; 15th, James Ward;
16th, John F. Smith; 17th. George H. McAllis-
ter; 18th, Edward F. McGurn; 19th, James
Crapo ; 20th. Thomas P. Kenney ; 21st, Anthony
McDonald; 22d, William H. Miller; 23d, Eugene
Sweeney ; 24th. John Evans ; 25th. Michael Cor-
rigan ; 26th. Frank Grady. Auxiliary battalion
chiefs: William Dillon. John Touhey. Charles
Persons, Richard Thomasius, Francis Byrnes.
Daniel Moore.
Superintendent Insurance Patrol— E. T. Shep-
herd, 163 West Monroe street.
Duties— The fire marshal has sole and absolute
control over all persons connected with the fire-
department and has the custody of the equip-
ment and other property of the department.
The fire inspector investigates the causes of
fires and keeps a record of the same. The
secretary keeps all books and papers of the
department and delivers to the city council
and other departments the written communica-
tions of the fire marshal.
BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION AND FTB-
LIC SAFETY.
Headquarters— Room 603 city hall.
Chief of Bureau — John C. McDonnell.
Fire Prevention Engineer in Charge — Charles W.
Hejda.
Chief Clerk— T. J. Sullivan.
Duties— The chief of fire prevention and public
safety shall have the power and it shall be
his duty to enforce the provisions of all ordi-
nances of the city of Chicago which may ten<l
to prevent the starting or spreading of fires
or disastrous results in case of fires.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS.
Room 610 city hall
Commissioners— Percy B. Coffin, president ; Joseph
P. Geary, D. ; Alexander J. Johnson, R.
Secretary and Chief Examiner— Harry E. Wal-
lace.
Counsel— Hervey V. Foster.
Duties — The commissioners classify offices and
places in the city service, fix standards of du-
ties, salaries and tests, examine applicants for
employment in such offices and places, certify
to the heads of departments as required the
names of those standing highest on the list of
eligibles. investigate charges against employes
in the classified service, remove employes for
cause and cheek payments. Two weeks' notice
by advertisement of the time and place of
holding examinations is given.
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS.
City hall, third floor, south end.
Commissioners— August Lueders, D., chairman;
Bernard Horwich, R., secretary; Frank X.
R.vdzewski, D.
Chief Clerk— Dennis J. Egan.
Attorney— Colin C. H. Fyffe.
Duties — The commissioners fix the election pre-
cincts, provide ballot boxes, tally sheets, poll-
books and all other blanks and stationery nec-
essary in an election, select judges and clerks
of election, canvass the returns of votes and,
in brief, have charge of everything pertaining to
the registration of voters and the holding of
all regular, special and primary elections.
DEPARTMENT OF SMOKE INSPECTION.
Room 608 city hall.
Chief Smoke Inspector— William H. Reid.
Supervising Mechanical Engineer— F. A. Cham-
bers.
Chief Clerk— Edward R. Laub.
OIL INSPECTOR'S OFFICE.
Room 1013 city hall.
Oil Inspector— Hugh Norris, R.
MUNICIPAL LODGING HOUSE.
162 North Union avenue.
Superintendent— Harry Neal.
CITY ARCHITECT.
Room 1012 city hall.
City Architect— Charles W. Kallal.
DEPARTMENT OF WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES.
Vault floor, city hall.
Inspector Weights and Measures— Morris Eller, R.
Chief Deputy— William F. Cluett.
DEPARTMENT FOR THE INSPECTION OB
STEAM BOILERS. STEAM AND COOLING
PLANTS.
Room 111 city hall.
Chief Inspector — George E. Nye.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
889
SALARIES OF CHICAGO CITY OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYES (1918).
where in this volume. The salaries are those
fixed by the appropriation bill lor 1918 and
are yearly if not otherwise specified.
The following- list includes the more im-
portant offices and positions in the exempt and
classified service except those in the educa-
tional department, which will be found else-
Mayor's Office.
Mayor $18.000
Secretary :... 5,000
Clerk 2,100
Bureau of Statistics and Mu-
nicipal Reference Library.
Chief of division $'3.400
City statistician 1,320
Library assistant 1,020
City Council.
Aldermen, each $3,500
Finance committee — Sec-
retary $3,600
Chairman 3.000
Examiner in charge.... 4,500
Expert on system, 1 at. 3,000
Efficiency examiners, 2 at 2,160
Efficiency examiners, 2 at 2,400
Accounting investigator 2,040
Citv Clerk.
City clerk $5,000
Chief clerk 4,000
Reading clerk 2,520
Clerks $960 to 2,160
Council secretary, 1 at. 2,620
Council secretary. 1 at. 2,340
Sergeant at arms 600
Janitor council chamber 1,320
Laic Department.
Corporation counsel. . . $10.000
Assistant, 1 at 7,500
Assistant. 1 at 7,000
Assistants, 5 at 5.000
Assistants, 3 at 4,500
Assistants. 3 at 4.000
Assistants, 3 at 3.600
Assistants, 6 at 3,000
Assistant, 1 at 2,500
Assistants, 3 at 2,000
Secy. corp. counsel... 1,800
Atty. board local im-
provements 6,000
Assistant 5.000
Assistant 3,000
Law clerk 2.400
Attorney civil service
commission 3.000
Transportation atty... 3,000
Water dept. attorney. 2,500
Clerks $1,140 to 2,400
Prosecuting attorney. 6.000
Chief assistant 3.250
Assistants, 16 at 2,000
Docket clerk 1,740
City attorney 6.000
Chief assistant 4.500
Trial attorney 3.600
Asst. trial attorney... 2,100
Asst. trial attorney. . . 2,000
Appellate court atty.. 3.000
Asst. city attys., 2 at 1.800
Chief law clerk 2,400
Chief investigator 2,750
Investigators, 2 at... 1.620
Investigators, 10 at. . 1,320
Clerks $660 to 1,680
Department of Finance.
Comptroller $10,000
Deputy and city aud.. 4,800
Chief clerk 3.800
Accountant, 1 at 3,800
Accountant. 1 at 3,000
Paymaster 3,300
Teller 1.920
Chief auditor 3.000
Tellers. 4 at 2.040
Investigator 2,040
Principal clerks, 2 at. 2,040
Real estate agent 3.000
Engineer 3.000
City treasurer $10,000
Assistant treasurer.... 6,000
Chief clerk 3,800
Chief cashier 3,800
Cashier 2,700
Teller 2,160
City collector 6,000
Deputy city collector.. 3,000
Head clerk 2,700
Election Commissioners.*
Attorney for board $5,000
Chief investigator 2,500
Chief auditor 2,500
Ballot expert 2.600
Custodian of files 2,500
•Paid by county. See county
salaries.
Civil Service Commission.
President $5,000
Commissioners, 2 at.. . . 3,000
Chief examiner 3,000
Examiners ...$1,320 to 1,920
Department of Supplies.
Business agent $6,000
Head buyer 2,520
Storekeeper 1,560
Head clerk 2,160
Principal clerk 1,800
Department of Police.
General superintendent. .$8, 000
First deputy supt 5.500
Second deputy supt 5,000
Secretary to general su-
perintendent 3,000
Department secretary... 3,600
Department inspector ... 3,600
Inspector moral condi-
tions 2,220
Drillmaster 2.460
Custodian 2.460
Manager properties 2,700
Censors "movies"
-....$1,440 to 1,620
Subordinate officers —
Captains, 27 at 3,000
Lieutenants, 82 at 2,000
Sergeants. 355 at 1,800
Patrolmen and policewomen —
First year, 3d grade.. 1.200
Second year, 2d grade 1,320
After 2d yr.. 1st grade 1,500
Policewomen, 21 at. . 1,320
Policewomen, 8 at ... 1,200
Policewoman. 1 at ... 960
Detective bureau— Chief 3,500
Lieutenants, 4 at 2,200
Head clerk 2,500
Sergeants, senior. 11 at 1,800
Sergeants. 549 at 1,600
Records section —
Identification insp 3,000
Assistant, 1 at 1,620
Department stables —
Foreman of horses... 2,400
Hostlers, 23 at 1,140
Telegraph bureau —
Chief operator 2,160
Asst. chief operator... 1,740
Police operators, 142
at 1.320
Ambulance bureau —
Chief surgeon 3,000
Surgeons, 26 at 1,560
Surgeons, 4 at 1,440
Surgeons, 2 at 1,320
Dog pound —
Poundmaster 1.800
Kennelmen, 2 at 1.380
Dog catchers, 14 at... 1,380
Municipal Court.
Chief justice $10,000
Associate judges, 10
at 9,000
Associate judges, 20
at 6.000
Executive to chief
justice 4.000
Assistant to chief jus-
tice 4,000
Assistants, 2 at 1,800
Auditor 2,500
Probation officers — Chief
probation officer 3.000
Probation officers, 16
at 1,620
Psychopathic laboratory —
Director of laboratory 5,000
Assistants, 2 at 1,320
Doctor Morals court., 3,000
Office of the clerk-
Clerk 6,000
Chief deputy clerk.... 4.000
Attorney 3,000
Deputy clerks . $420 to 3,000
Office of the bailiff-
Bailiff 6,000
Chief deputy bailiff.. 4,000
Asst. deputy bailiff... 2,600
Attorney 3',000
Bailiffs $1,020 to 1,500
House of Correction.
Superintendent $3,600
Assistant superintendent 2,100
Medical superintendent.. 2,820
Fire Department.
Fire marshal $8,000
First assistant 5,500
Second assistant 4,400
Fourth assistant 3,850
Fifth assistant 3,850
Sixth assistant 3, 850
Office secretary 2,700
Storekeeper 2,000
Veterinary surgeon 2,500
Battalion chiefs. 32 at. 3,000
Captains, 164 at 2,000
Lieutenants. 164 at 1,800
Engineers, 119 at 1,788
Marine engineers, 5 at.. 1,848
Asst. engineers. 118 at. . 1,524
Stokers. 13 at 1,524
Firemen, 1st class 1,500
Firemen, 2d class 1,440
Firemen, 3d class 1,320
Firemen, probationary. . 1,200
Pilots, 5 at 2,000
Fire alarm telegraph —
Chief operator 2,750
Supt. construction 2,500
Chief electrical repairs 2,620
Chief of wires 2,400
Operators (union scale)
Fire protection and pub-
lic safety — Third asst.
marshal, chief 3.850
Fire prevention engr. . 3,000
Building Department.
Building commissioner. .$8,000
Deputy commissi oner. .. 4,500
Bldg. insp. in charge 2.700
Office secretary 2,700
Architectural engineer.. 2.400
Building inspectors
$1,740 to 2.100
Elevator inspector in
charge 2,100
Elevator inspectors
$1,680 to 1,740
Plan examiner, 1 at 1.920
Estimator 1.800
Structural iron insp 1,560
890
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Health Department.
Commissioner's office —
Commis.'Of health... $10,000
Asst. commissioner. . . . 4,500
Secretary 3,000
Office secretary 2,340
Bureau medical inspection —
Bureau chief 3,900
Division of contagious
diseases —
Asst. bureau chief 2,880
Health officers.$960 to 1.560
Inspectors ..$1.560 to 1,740
Division of child hy-
giene—
Asst. bureau chief 2,640
Division of school and
district nursing—
Supt. of nurses 2,100
Field nurses.$1.080 to 1,200
Bureau of hospitals and
baths —
Asst. bureau chief.... 1,980
Medical inspector 1,680
Contagious diseases hos-
pital—Bureau chief.. 3,600
Senior hospital physi-
cians, 2 at 1,560
Isolation hospital —
Medical superintendent 2,280
Emergency hospital —
Medical superintendent 1,680
Bureau of vital statistics —
Bureau chief 2,800
Senior clerk 1,740
Medical clerk 1.680
Bureau of food inspection —
Bureau chief 2,700
Supervising inspectors.
3 at 1,800
Veterinarian 1,740
Food inspectors, 68 at 1,560
Food inspectors, 3 at. 1,500
Bureau of sanitary in-
spection—
Bureau chief 3,800
Division of plumbing
and sanitation —
Asst. bureau chief. . . . 2,700
Supervising inspectors,
2 at 2,100
Sanitary inspectors, 29
at 1,560
Ventilation inspector
in charge 2,700
Laboratpry— Director . . 2,700
Bacteriologists
$1.320 to 2.280
Chemists ...$1,560 to 1,980
Contagious Diseases Hospital.
Bureau chief $3,600
Asst. superintendent.... 1,740
Supt. of nurses 1,920
Physicians. 2 at 1.200
City Physician.
City physician $4,000
Assistants. 2 at 2,100
Department of Inspection of
Steam Boilers and Steam
Plants. •
Chief inspector $3.600
Inspectors . . . .$1,680 to 1.740
Department of Weights and
Measures.
Inspector $3.600
Chief deputy 2.340
Taximeter inspector .... 1,440
Smoke Inspection.
Smoke inspector $4,000
Deputy in charge 2.400
Mechanical engineers, 6
at 1.800
Mechanical inspectors, 2
at 1.620
Department of Oil Inspection.
Inspector of oils $4.800
Chief deputy 2,700
Deputy, 1 at 1,740
Deputies, 3 at 1.440
Boards of Examiners.
Plumbers —
Members, 2 at $1.872
Mason contractors —
Members, 2 at 2.000
Engineers —
President and member 2,200
Members, 2 at 2,000
License inspector 1,800
Bureau of Employment, Gar-
dens and Woodyard.
Supt. employment $3,000
Assistant, 1 at 1,680
Assistant, 1 at 1,620
Investigators, 3 at 1,740
Supt. lodging house (6
months) 750
Board of Local Improvements.
President $5,000
Members, 4 at 4.000
Supt. spec, assessments. 5.00O
Chief clerk 3.300
Clerks, each.. .$1,080 to 2,160
Head accountant 2,700
Engineer of board 5,000
Chief street engineer 3,600
Asst. chief sewer engr. . 2.700
Gen. street repair insp.. 2,340
Supt. of sidewalks 3,000
Asst. supt. sidewalks... 1.800
City Markets.
Market master (Haymar-
ket) $1,080
Market master (M a x-
well) 1,080
Bureau of Parks, Public Play-
grounds and Bathing Beaches.
Office secretary $2,700
Parks, farm and forestry —
Senior park foreman . . 1,500
Tree foreman, per day 3.45
Laborers, per day 3.00
Foreman gardeners... 1,080
Playgrounds — Supt 2,700
Directors ...$1.200 to 1.680
Physical instructors...
$840 to 1,080
Bathing beaches —
Director in charge 1,800
Directors . . . $1.200 to 1.260
Life guards (per mo.)
$75 to 100
Attendants (per mo.). 75
Department of Gas and
Electricity.
Commissioner $8.000
Head clerk 2.520
Bureau electrical engi-
neering— Engineer in
charge 2.700
Asst. engineer, 1 at... 2,160
Supervisor electrical me-
chanics 2,400
Fire alarm and police
telegraph repairs —
General foreman 2,220
Foreman linemen 2.220
Foreman linemen. 4 at 1,980
Electrical rep airers,
22 at 1.980
Telegraph rep airers.
24 at 1,980
Batterymen, 3 at 1.440
Electrical inspection —
Chief inspector 3,000
Inspectors, per mo 175
Inspector moving pic-
ture operators 1,320
Bureau of electric lights —
Lamp repairers. 7 at. 1,640
Lamp trimmers, per
month $120
Operation — Foreman
electric lights 2.220
Department of Public Service.
Commissioner $6.000
Secretary 2,340
Traction bureau — Trans-
portation supervisor 3,600
Schedule examiner 1,740
Inspectors.. .$1,320 to 1.560
Gas bureau — Chief tester 2,820
Testers $1,380 to 1,440
Telephone bureau — Tel-
ephone supervisor... 3,000
Inspectors, 5 at 1,620
Electrical bureau — Elec-
trical supervisor 3.000
Department of Public Works.
Commissioner's office —
Commissioner $10,000
Deputy commissioner. 5.000
CMef clerk 3,600
Contract clerk 2,520
Head accountant 2,520
Bureau of compensation —
Supt. of compensation 4.000
Title searcher 2,040
Bureau of maps and plats —
Supt. of maps 4.000
Chief draftsman 2,400
Sanborn map expert.. 2,400
Draftsmen. ..$1.440 to 1.800
Division of surveys —
Engineer .' 3,000
Assistant engineer 2,400
Bureau of architecture —
City architect 4.500
Bureau of city ha*ll —
Chief janitor 2.100
Elevator starters. 2 at 1,420
Elevator operators, per
month 90
Chief engineer 2,880
Municipal Pier.
Superintendent 3.000
Principal clerk 2.160
Bureau of Streets.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $5,000
First assistant supt... 3,840
Second assistant supt. 3,840
Principal clerk 2,160
Ward supervision —
Superintendents. 2 at. 2.460
Superintendents. 4 at. 2.220
Superintendents, 2 at. 2,040
Street and public util-
ity inspection — Chief
street inspector 3,000
Inspectors, 16 at 2.100
Inspectors, 2 at 1,740
Garbage loading stations —
Superintendent 2,460
Bureau of Waste Disposal.
Foreman reduction wks.$3,600
Assistant foreman 2,100
Bureau of Sewers.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $4,000
Assistant engineer 2,400
House drains-r-Inspector
in charge 2,100
Repairing sewers — Fore-
man bricklayer 2,200
Foreman sewer pipe
yards 2.160
Bureau of Engineering.
City engineer $8,000
Assistant city engineer. 5,000
Chief clerk 3,000
Testing division —
Engineering chemist.. 2,400
Assistant chemist 1,800
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOK 1919.
891
Division of bridges —
Engineer of bridges.. .$5,000
Engineer construction. 3,000
Engineer bridge design 2.160
Bureau of Rivers and Harbors.
Harbor master $3,000
Assistant harbor mas-
ters, 3 at 1,320
River service — Vessel
dispatcher 1,320
Assistant dispatchers.
3 at 1.200
Bridge operation —
Bridg-etenders, 86 at.. 1,080
Bridgetenders. 6 at. . . 1,200
Bridgetenders, 148 at. 1,320
Pumping Stations (Water).
Mechanical engineer $7,500
Assistant 3.000
Chief oper. engineers... 2.880-
Asst. oper. engineers... 2,160
Firemen 1,440
Oilers 1,440
Lake cribs and tunnels —
Diver 3,400
Diver's helpers, 2 at.. 1.320
Crib keepers.$1.380 to 1.500
Junior crib keepers.
each 1,200
Designing division — En-
gineer 3.600
Engineers... $1,920 to 2.400
Construction division —
Engineer $4,000
Assistant 3,000
Tunnel foreman 3.000
Tunnel foreman 2,400
Water pipe extension —
Superintendent 4,500
Asst. superintendent.. 2.700
Asst. engineers, -i at.. 2,400
Principal clerk 2,160
Pipe yards —
General foreman 2,100
Foremen, 5 at 1,800
Municipal shops —
Superintendent 4,000
Water meter shops — Gen-
eral meter foreman. 2,520
Assistant foreman 1,920
Foreman meter shops. 1,920
Municipal power plant —
Engineer 2,160
Bureau of Water.
Superintendent's office —
Superintendent $4,500
Senior stenographer... 1.920
Collection division —
Chief clerk 3,000
Cashier 2,700
Teller 2.160
Assessed rates subdivision —
Sen. clerks.. $1,740 to $1,680
Junior clerks.. $960 to 1,320
Meter rates section —
Principal clerk 1,800
Junior clerks . .$960 to 1,200
Rate takers.$l,200 to 1.560
Assessor's division —
Chief assessor 3.600
Field assessor 2,040
Field assessors
$1.200 to 1,560
Shut-off section —
Foreman laborers 1,440
Shut-off men. 30 at. . 1.080
Permit and map subdi-
vision— Senior clerk. 1,740
Draftsman 1,800
Draftsmen, 6 at 1,440
Auditing division —
Accountant 2,160
Principal clerk 1,800
Senior clerks, 2 at 1,680
Senior clerk, 1 at 1,740
Junior clerks.$l,080 to 1.320
Public Library.
Librarian $6,000
Secretary 5.500
Assistant librarian 4.000
Supervisor of branches. 2,820
Assistants and other em-
ployes are paid from
$480 to 2.340
CHICAGO APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1918.
FROM CORPORATE PURPOSES FUND.
$29,095.00
7,151.10
Mayor's office .......... * ........
Bureau of statistics and library
Cfty cpuncil ...................... 212,350.00
Committee on finance ........... 35,960.00
Committee on local transporta-
tion ........................... 2,080.00
Committee on gas, oil. electric
light ......................... 300.00
Committee on streets and alleys 300.00
Committee on harbors, •wharves.
bridges ....................... 300.00
Committee on health ............. 300.00
Committee on railway terminals. 18.500.00
Committee on local industries... 13,000.00
Committee on gas litigation ..... 100.000.00
Chicago plan commission ........ 10,000.00
City clerk ....................... 58,449.80
Corporation counsel .............. 270,790.00
Prosecuting attorney ............. 46,010.00
City attorney .................... 73,700.00
Comptroller's office ............. 241,058.00
Department of finance (interest) 350.000.00
Department of finance (miscella-
neous) ....................... 271,276.43
City treasurer .................. 59,860.00
City collector .................... 124,900.00
Board of election commission-
ers ............... 1 ........... 747,910.00
Civil service commission ......... 61,930.00
Department of supplies ......... 30,340.00
Department of police ............ 7.857,717.03
Municipal courts ................ - 859,940.00
House of correction ............. 393,328.75
Fire department ................. 3,747.718.90
Department of buildings ......... 117,725.00
Department of health ........... 1,167,818.85
City physician ................... 8.560.00
Office of oil inspector ........... 15.360.00
Department inspection boilers.
etc ............................ 35,593.20
Department of weights and meas-
ures .......................... 32,615.00
Department of smoke inspection 27.630.00
Boards of examiners ............. 34,549.00
Hospitals ....................... 20,000.00
Bureau of employment, etc ...... 22.205.00
Board of local improvements... 555.630.00
City markets ...................... 2.310.00
Department of gas and electricity 1,519,373.50
Department of public service ---- 76.910.00
Commissioner of public works.. . 68.4-25. 00
Bureau of compensation
Bureau of maps and plats
Bureau of architecture
Bureau of city hall
Bureau of parks, playgrounds,
beaches
Bureau of waste disposal
Municipal pier
Bureau of .streets
Bureau of 'sewers
Bureau of bridges and viaducts.
Bureau of -rivers and harbors...
$8,930.00
36.915.00
7,640.00
269.330.86
130,550.00
486,006.00
74,845.00
3.441.740.00
430.262.00
231.760.00
379,465.00
Total from corporate fund 24.814.113.41
For playground purposes 530,000.00
25,344,113.41
FROM WATER FUND.
Department of finance (interest) $46.500.00
Department of finance (miscella-
neous) 935,425.37
Board of )ocal improvements 111,888.98
Bureau of engineering 6,376,755.65
City engineer's general office 44,770.00
Sewer Dumping stations 114,299.80
Pumping stations 1,585,771.75
Tunnels and cribs 105,298.10
Construction and betterments.. . 2.381.000.00
Water pipe extension division. .. 1.667.306.00
Water meter shops 247.505.00
Municipal power plant... 230.805.00
Bureau of water - 436,013.50
Total 7.896.583.50
SCHOOL TAX FUND.
Building purposes $6,400.000.00
Estimated loss and cost of col-
lection 320.000.00
Total for building purposes... 6.720.000.00
Educational purposes 17,500.000.00
Estimated loss and cost of col-
lection 875.000.00
Total lor educational purposes 18,375,000.00
CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Library purposes and operation. 81,100.000.00
Estimated loss and cost of col-
lection 35,000.00
Total from tax levy 1.136.000.00
892
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
From miscellaneous receipts
$5.000.00
Total 1.140.000.00
MUNICIPAL TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM.
Maintenance and operation $991.220.00
Work under construction 1918.. , 94,591.60
Research laboratory building: 110,000.00
Auditorium and chapel building:. 100.000.00
Root cellar 10,000.00
Greenhouse 10,000.00
Construction of tunnels 30,000.00
Additional equipment in power
house 4,000.00
Infirmary building- 429,570.81
Total 1.779,382.41
RECAPITULATION
Corporate purposes fund J
Traction fund
Municipal tuberculosis sanita-
rium
School purposes
Public library
Interest, sinking- funds and
judgments
Police pension fund
Firemen's pension fund
Municipal pension fund
Playground purposes
Unclaimed rebate fund
From water fund
To be reimbursed
Total appropriations
i24,814.113.41
15.000.00
1.779,382.41
25.095.000.00
1.140.000.00
5.062.343.27
1.208.300.00
550.000.00
500.337.00
530.000.00
351,418.68
7.896,583.50
579.650.00
69.522.128.27
FINANCES OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO (1917).
[From annual report of Comptroller Eugene R. Pike.]
CORPORATE PURPOSES.
Revenue.
Taxes — Corporate $11,692.557.82
Playground purposes
Municipal pension fund (re-
imbursing-)
Sinking- fund for bonds
Sinking- fund for judgments .
Sinking- fund for interest
(judgments)
Miscellaneous corporate 13.567.225.49
Vehicle tax licenses 1,055.070.05
108.172.00
141.336.47
1.447.510.86
269.768.01
26.767.04
Deposits railway companies . . .
Unclaimed rebate fund
Proceeds of bonds —
Bathing beach
Bathing- beach and playground
Bridge
Fire department building
Harbor construction
Health department building. . .
Contagious disease hospital..
Garbage reducti9n works...
House of correction (dormi-
tory)
House of correction (house of
shelter) «
Judgment funding-
Michigan avenue improvement
Municipal street lighting
Police department building". .
School for boys
Twelfth street improvement...
Waste disposal
Total revenue 32.927.063.57
Expense.
Operation (corporate resources) .$23,430.683.00
Operation (tributary resources). 422,623.69
Repairs and renewals (corpo-
rate) 1,685,411.27
Repairs and renewals (tributary
resources) 965.760.85
Interest (corporate) ;.. 273.558.45
Interest (tributary) 1.474.277.90
Construction and betterments
(corporate) ' 246.332.05
Construction and betterments
(tributary) 4.285.341.34
Judgments paid (tributary) 269.768.01
Reserve for loss collection taxes 584.627.89
Investment in capital account
(corporate)
76,820.99
345.802.70
75.907.98
305.990.13
394.355.76
92,365.02
170.775.82
127,878.96
295.713.97
44.152.75
492.34
254.66
3.108.25
383.434.63
.666,181.84
203.568.28
6.779.31
7.678.06
327.393.78
Total expense 33.638.384.45
Excess of exnense.
Deficit Dec. 31
711.320.88
582.091.83
SCHOOLS.
Revenue.
Taxes ...$19.558.460.35
Miscellaneous 2,222.953.01
Total. 1917 21.781.413.36
Total. 1916 21.622.053.19
Expense.
Operating- $15.398,858.74
Repairs and renewals 1,038 754 19
Interest 48.641.23
Construction and betterments... 3,503.665.01
Collecting taxes 977.923.01
Total. 1917 20.967.842.17
Total. 1916 20.572.934.99
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Revenue.
Taxes $850.367.84
Miscellaneous 14.875.37
Total. 1917 865.243.21
Total, 1916 580.934.10
Expense.
Operating 474.700.74
Repairs and renewals 48.952.1O
Collecting taxes 42.518.39
Increase of library 116.027.09
Interest 436.45
Total, 1917 682.634.77
Total. 1916 581.199.31
TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM.
Revenue.
Taxes $1,062.959.80
Miscellaneous 18.872.06
Total. 1917 1.081,831.86
Total. 1916 1,055.459.62
Expense.
Operation 810,787.98
Repairs 19.783.92
Construction and betterments. . . 187.287.94
Loss collection of taxes 53.147.99
Total, 1917 1.071.007.83-
Total. 1916 719,988.75
WATERWORKS.
Revenue.
Ordinary $7.437.258.83
Total, 1916 6,796,646.39
Expense.
Operating 2.698,788.43
Repairs and renewals 1,224.131.00
Interest 10.225.44
Construction and betterments... 4.126.947.00
Redemption certificates (pipe ex-
tension) 56.131.66
Judgments 9.912.74
Total. 1917 8.126.137.26
Total. 1916 7.926.827.65
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT FUND.
Receipts $10.059,584.17
Expenditures 9.446,757.68
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
893
RECAPITULATION.
Corporate pur- Revenue. Expense,
poses $25,509.291.78 $26.220.612.66
Funds trib. to
corp. purposes 10,173.955.42 7.100.197.41
Waterworks ... 7.438.597.11 8,126.137.26
Schools 21.781.413.36 20.967.842.17
Public library.. 865,243.21 682,634.77
Tu berculosis
sanitarium ... 1.801.831.86 1.071,007.83
Sinking- funds
for bonds 3.694.540.41 3,308,216.80
Special assess-
ments 10.045.966.24 9.442.139.75
Totals 80.590.839.39 76,918,788.65
VEHICLE TAX FUND (1917).
Revenue.
Balance, Jan. 1. 1917 $168,924.66
Vehicle tax licenses 1.135.652.66
Interest on funds 9.747.86
Miscellaneous 50.89
Total resources 1,314.376.07
Expense.
Cost of collection 50.971.54
Refund of license 630.23
Permanent equipment 89,309.20
Repair of streets 845.658.69
Repair of manholes 18.800.00
Bridge pavements 49.700.39
Total expense 1,055.070.05
SOURCES OF ORDINARY REVENUE (NET).
Licenses (saloon)
Licenses (other) .
Municipal courts
House of correc-
tion ..........
Dept. of police.
Dept. of fire ____
Dept. of health.
Dept. of inspec-
tion ..........
Dept. of public
works ........
Bureau of waste
disposal ......
Dept. of build-
ing's ..........
Dept. of gas and
electricity ....
Public pounds..
Real estate and
buildings .....
Markets ........
Franchise com-
pensation .....
Vacation of
streets ........
Insurance tax. .
Interest on city
deposits ......
Sale of Illinois
tunnel ........
M i scellaneous
sources .......
$6,352.324.85
1.189.291.12
639,565.64
169.021.56
41.021.58
33.677.42
45,174.05
196.201.21
472,163.33
418.460.63
192,038.85
245.176.94
2.932.25
47,001.50
8.075.00
1916.
86.966,160.29
1,146.565.28
550,510.78
181.697.90
32.853.83
3.518.31
72.330.61
196,288.47
474.038.29
360.486.89
241,946.27
349.243.21
1,072.00
43.993.03
8.541.75
2,081,075.98 1,786,013.23
685,452.04
222.680.30
81,389.39
238,952.47
91.198.36
200.000.00
903.882.75
912.338.46
Totals ........ 13.567.225.49 14,317.120.33
FIXED ASSETS OF CHICAGO (1917).
Corporate Purposes.
Real estate ...................... $3,229,836.28
Buildings ....................... 17,632.229.77
Equipment ..................... 11,868,847.57
Bridg-es. viaducts, etc ............ 6,112,007.04
Miscellaneous ................... 572.668.49
Wharfing ....................... 21,247.04
Total 39.436,836.19
Schools.
Real estate 12.482,232.31
Buildings and eauipment 57,439.99(1.80
Real estate, school fund 10.679.875.94
Public Library.
Real estate -$14,750.00
Buildings 2.090.200.55
Equipment 912.021.37
Total 3.016.971.92
Waterworks.
Real estate 1.189.374.23
Buildings 5.668,088.63
Equipment 8.152.685.09
Miscellaneous 59,909.759.77
Total : 74,919.907.72
Tuberculosis Sanitarium.
Real estate 319,769.01
Buildings 1,875,340.00
Equipment 186.993.38
Total 2.382.102.39
Summary.
Corporate purposes 39,436,836.19
Schools 80,602,105.05
Public library v.. 3,016,971.92
Waterworks V.. 74,919.907.72
Tuberculosis sanitarium 2,382,102.39
Total 200.357.923.27
STATEMENT OF CHICAGO'S DEBT.
Constitutional debt-incurring power and limita-
tion Dec. 31. 1917.
Refunding bonds $3",97lT200.00
Bonds of original issue 30.662,300.00
Gross funded debt 34,633.500.00
World's Fair bonds, exempt... 2,839.000.00
Funded debt, nonexempt .... 31,794,500 00
Less cash in sinking funds 743,032.86
Total constitutional debt 31,051,467.14
Added debts 3,218.712.17
Total constitutional debt 34.270,179.31
Debt incurring power 53,147,990.10
Power not exercised 18,877,810. 79
MUNICIPAL BONDS OUTSTANDING I\FPJ 31
1917.
Description. Interest rate. AnOunt.
Municipal 3% $730,000
Municipal, Edison Park 5 500
Municipal. Morgan Park 4% 10500
Tunnel 3% 285.000
World's Fair 4 2.839,000
Judgment funding 4 2,522.000
Judgment funding 4% 104,000
Permanent improvement 4 984.000
General corporate 4 700.000
General corporate 4 6.058,000
General corporate 4^4 552,000
City hall 4 2,810,000
Sewer refunding 4 730,000
Health department building 4 705,000
Bathing beach 4 500,000
Bridge 4 2,875.000
Harbor construction 4 3,479,500
Bathing and playground 4 454,800
Fire department, building 4 573,200
Health department, hospital... 4 416,200
Health department, hospital... 4 40.000
Health department, garbage... 4 630,000
House of correction 4 54,000
House of correction 4 29.000
Police department, building 4 451,400
River improvement 4 789,800
Water loan refunding 4 1,200,400
Twelfth street improvement 4 1,382,000
Michigan avenue improvement. 4 ' 787,000
Municipal street lighting- 4 1,483.200
Waste disposal 4 350.000
School for boys 4 48.000
Total 80.602.105.05 Total
$34.633.500
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CORPORATE EXPENSES BY DEPARTMENTS.
Department. 1917.
Mayor's office $28.477.29
Bureau of statistics 6.837.74
City coun«il 210.473.63
Committee on finance '. . . . . 36,180.96
Committee local transportation . . 2,817.37
Committee on gas, oil and electric
light 9.672.64
Committee on licenses 225.20
Committee on harbors, wharves
and bridges 20.00
Chicago Plan commission 20,000.00
Committee on health 134.21
Committee on railway terminals. 36,133.20
Committee on local industries.... 16,575.25
City clerk 58.511.05
Corporation counsel 245,702.95
Prosecuting1 attorney 50,408.54
City attorney 115.903.87
City comptroller 231,771.14
Dept. of finance— Interest 273,558.45
Dept. of finance— Miscellaneous . 1,013,258.94
City treasurer 57.024.50
City collector 91.468.31
Board election commissioners... 989,361.42
Civil service commission 62.740.54
Department of supplies 29.980.00
Department of police 7,290,942.07
Municipal court 863.301.42
House of correction. . . 391,316.9:$
Chicago liquor commission 272.86
Commission on gas litigation 187,964.08
Department of fire 3,806,320.08
Department of buildings .
162,939.05
Department of health 1,151,331.17
City physician 7.878.20
Dept. inspection boilers, etc 36,352.48
Dept. weights and measures 34,069.09
Dept. smoke inspection 28,452.87
Examining boards 26.523.20
Hospitals 20,000.00
Inspector of oils 14,749.18
Department of public welfare... 2,725.43
Board of local improvements 747,696.95
City markets 2.030.03
Department of electricity 1,728.668.52
Harbor board— Municipal plant 72,977.60
Department of public service... 79,265.86
Commissioner of public works.. 51.721.55
Bureau of compensation 8,243.52
Bureau of maps and plats ' 36,642.11
Bureau of architecture
Bureau of city hall
Bureau of parks 368.779.54
Bureau of waste disposal 534,813.07
Bureau of streets 3.524,052.45
Bureau of sewers 428.666.05
Bureau of engineering, bridges.. 221,935.53
Rivers and harbors • 308.664.38
Description. 1917.
Bakers $7,701.20
Bar permits 9.955.14
Bathing, boating, fishing beach 89.10
Billiards and pool 26.782.20
Bill posters — with wagons 99.00
Boats 37.64
Bowling alleys 3.462.6t>
Brewers and distillers 25.920.01
Brokers 63,471.2o
Butchers 68.651.40
Carbonated waters— bottlers 2,801.43
Cartridges and shells ' 436.00
Certificates of fitness 505.30
Cigarettes 253,379.00
Deadly weapons 1,930.75
Delicatessens 3,497.10
Dog registry 115,578.52
Drivers 40.60
Druggists 6,990.50
Dry cleaners 1.448.85
Fishmongers 2,542.05
Fish peddlers 148.80
Garages 14.019.00
Gunpowder and explosives 2,030.76
Hacks, cabs and coupes 40.60
Home 43.74
Hospitals 5.702.18
House movers
Ice dealers 12,575.65
Junk dealers 8,284.50
Junk wagons 20,517.00
Liquors— Malt 20.913.77
Liquors— Spirituous -26.440.58
Liquors — Vinous 17.856.35
Lumber yards 14,428.68
Meat food products 625.69
Medical dispensaries 447.55
Milk dealers 50.467.90
Milk wagons 32,487.80
Moving picture films — Storage. . .
Moving picture operators — Original
Mov. picture operators — Renewals.
Natatoriums
Omnibus
Pawnbrokers
Peddler— Basket
Peddler— Coal
Peddler — Hand cart
Peddler— Oil
6,823.15 I Peddler— Pack or solicitors
1.164.73
193.95
1.610.00
29.85
341.55
24,057.00
258.96
193.80
1.928.82
2,811.80
2,265.41
<?e;'4Q I Peddler-^Wagon .................. 60,114.13
^O.VU
Total ordinary 25,974.280.61
Dept. of finance— Miscellaneous. 2.500.00
House of correction 8.189.33
Department of electricity 19,627. 8O
Commissioner of public works... 2.100.00
Bureau of parks 9,306.94
Bureau of waste disposal 164.345.70
Bureau of streets 8,862.53
Bureau of sewers 4,282.35
Bureau of engineering, bridges... 27,117.40
Total extraordinary 246,332.05
Grand total 26.220,612.66
NET RECEIPTS FROM LICENSES.
Description. 1917.
Acetylene gas— Sale 128.80
Acetylene gas — Collection 148.50
Amusements 136.988.61
Auctioneers 9,513.00
peddler— Wood
Poulterers .......................
Public weigher ....................
Public cart — Horse drawn ..........
Public cart— Auto .................
Public horse drawn vehicle — Not
on stand ........................
Public passenger automobile — On
stand ...........................
Public passenger automobile — Not
on stand .........................
Rendering tanks... ...............
Restaurants .....................
Roofers .........................
317.20
579.90
673.60
4,762.55
11.230.10
40.60
8,913.08
1,010.90
6.831.40
37,878.50
1,208.10
Saloons ...... . .................... 6,352,324.85
Scavengers — Night
Scavengers — Offal ,
Scavengers — Private
Second hand dealers
Shooting galleries
Slaughtering and rendering
Soap factories
Stables — Boarding
Stables — Livery
Stables— Sales
Tanneries
Tickers
Undertakers
Workshops
49.50
792.00
930.75
20,004.00
619.50
10,698.00
1,485.00
613.80
1,054.60
1,015.00
1.138.50
801.97
4.763.10
7,597.08
Total 7,541,615.97
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
895
BANKS AND BANK STATISTICS OF CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.
Adams State— 3945 West 26th street; capital.
850.000: president. Joseph Klicka; cashier,
John T. Siama.
.dStua State — Halsted street and Fullerton and
Lincoln avenues: capital. $200.000; presi-
dent A. S. Mailman; cashier, David S. Davis.
American State — 1825 Blue Island avenue; capi-
tal. $400.000: president, James F. Stepina:
cashier. Adolph J. Krasa.
Arg-o State — Summit; capital. $50.000: presi-
dent, W. G. Knoedler; cashier. F. M. Heller.
Atlas Exchange National— 610 South Halsted
street; capital. $200.000; president, Daniel M.
Healy: cashier. Nicholas Kyriakopoulos.
Austin Avenue Trust and Savings — 402 North
Austin avenue; capital, $100.000; president,
Henry Pillinger: cashier. William B. Ross.
Austin National — 5634 West Chicago avenue;
capital. $125.000: president. Michael J. Col-
lins: cashier. J. F. Cahill.
Austin State — Parkside avenue and South boule-
vard. Austin: capital. $200.000: president,
Charles S. Castle: cashier, Perley D. Castle.
Avenue State— Oak Park; capital. $100.000:
president. W. S. Herrick; cashier. A. E. Wal-
ther.
Bank of Chicago Heights— Capital, $100.000:
president. George I. McEldowney; cashier.
David Wallace.
Bank of Commerce and Savings — 30 North
Michigan avenue: capital. $500.000: presi-
dent, William F. Van Buskirk; cashier, W.
M. Grissotn.
Bank of Harvey— Harvey; capital. $50.000;
president, W. H. Miller: cashier. Alfred Miller.
Bank of Montreal — 108 South LaSalle: capital,
$14.400,000; manager Chicago branch, J. M.
Greata.
Berwyn State — Berwyn: capital, $25,000: presi-
dent, Edwin L. Wagner; cashier, R. W. Teeter.
Blue Island State — Blue Island; capital, $50,-
000: president, J. M. Lobaugh; cashier, C. H.
Lobaugh.
Bowmanville National — 4802 North Western
avenue: capital. $50.000; president. E. M.
Heidkamp; cashier, Edwin A. Feldott.
Bremen State — Tinley Park; capital, $25.000;
president. F. H. Henke: cashier, B. L. Casteel.
Calumet National — 9117 Commercial avenue:
capital, $J.OO,000: president, John Cunnea;
cashier, O. M. Clark.
Calumet Trust and Savings— 1987 West lllth
street: capital. $50.000: president, William
Schulze: cashier. Harry H. Cavin.
Capital State Saving's— 5400 North Clark street ;
capital, $200,000: president. W. J. Klingen-
berg; cashier. E. F. Turnbloom.
Central Manufacturing1 District Bank — 1112
West 35th street: capital. $250.000: presi-
dent. William N. Jarnagan; cashier. Frank L.
Webb.
Central Trust Company of Illinois — 125 West
Monroe street; capital, $6.000.000: president.
Charles G. Dawes; cashier, William R. Dawes.
Century Trust and Savings — State and Adams
streets: capital, $250,000: president, John
W. Fowler;, cashier. C. R Corbett.
Chicago City Bank and Trust-^6225 Halsted:
capital, $500.000: president, Louis Rathje;
cashier. E. H. Holtorff.
Chicago Land. Credit and Trust Co.— 134 South
LaSalle street: capital. $200,000: president,
F. H. Wickett; cashier. F. J. Wegg-.
Chicago Savings and Trust — Chicago Savings
Bank building. State and Madison: capital.
$1.000.000; president, Lucius Teter; cashier,
William M. Richards.
Chicago State — Madison street and Ashland
boulevard: capital, $200,000; president. Ray-
mond Cardona: cashier, Hugh McNeff.
Cicero State — Hawthorne: capital, $50.000;
president. G. H. Hughes; cashier. C. C. Stoffel.
Citizens' State Bank of Lake View— 3228 Lin-
coln avenue: capital. $250.000: president.
Charles Johnson: cashier, J. G. Squires.
Citizens' State Bank of Melrose Park-;-Capita1,
$50.000: president, C. J. Wolf: cashier. C. J.
Busscher.
Citizens' Trust and Savings — 55th and State
streets; capital. $50.000: president, Oliver F.
Smith; cashier. Frank M. Dooley.
City National Bank of Evanston — Evanston;
capital, $100,000; president, Joseph F. Ward;
cashier, Charles N. Stevens.
City State Bank— 5056 South Halsted street:
capital, $50,000; president, Charles Detrick;
cashier. George A. Airey.
Colonial Trust and Savings— 137 South LaSalle :
capital, $1.000,000: president, L. C. Rose:
assistant cashier, Emil Stuedli.
Commercial Bank — Blue Island; capital, $100.-
000: president, J. L. Zacharias; cashier, Chris-
tian Krueger.
Commercial Bank of Chicago Heights — Capital,
$50,000; president, Donald T. McClure; cash-
ier, Joseph Kotlinck.
Continental and Commercial National— 208
South LaSalle street: capital, $21,600,000:
president, George M. Reynolds; cashier, Wil-
son W. Lampert.
Continental and Commercial Trust and Savings
—208 South LaSalle street: capital. $5.000,-
000: president, Arthur Reynolds; cashier,
Charles C. Willson.
Corn Exchange National — LaSalle and Adams:
capital. $3.000.000: president, Ernest A.
Ha mill: cashier, James G. Wakefleld.
Cosmopolitan Bank of Chicago— 1159 North
Clark street: capital. $300.000: president,
Gustave F. Fischer; cashier, Jacob R. Darm-
stadt.
Depositors State and Savings — 4633 South Ash-
land avenue: capital, $300.000: president.
Julius F. Smietanka; cashier, Thomas F.
Chamberlain.
Des Plaines State— Des Plaines: capital, $50,-
000: president, P. M. Hoffman; cashier. Wil-
liam F. Grautner.
Drexel State— 3946 Cottage Grove avenue: cap-
ital, $350,000: president, R. J. Neal; cashier,
A. J. Kolar, Jr.
Drovers' National — 4201 South Halsted: capital.
$750,000: president, William C. Cummings:
cashier, Frederick N. Mercer.
Drovers' Trust and Savings — Uniqa stockyards:
capital, $250.000 : president. William C. Cum-
mings: cashier, Murray M. Otstott.
Englewood State— 237 West 63d: capital. $200.-
000: president, Frank H. Tinsley; cashier, E.
W. Stansbury.
Evanston Trust and Savings— Evanston : capi-
tal, $100,000: president. James R. Smart:
cashier, A. F. Bull.
First National — Dearborn and Monroe: capital,
$10,000,000: president, Frank O. Wetmore:
cashier. R. F. Newhall.
First National of Englewood— 349 West 63d:
capital, $150.000: president, J. J. Nichols;
cashier, V, E. Nichols.
First Trust and Savings — Dearborn and Monroe:
capital. $5,000,000: president. M. A. Tray-
ler; secretary. David V. Webster.
First Trust and Savings of Riverdale — Capital.
$25,000: president. Horace Holmes: cashier,
H. C. Thompson.
Foreman Bros. Banking Company — 30 North
LaSalle: capital. $1.500,000: president, Oscar
G. Foreman; cashier, John Terborgh.
Fort Dearborn National— 76 West Monroe; cap-
ital, $3.000.000: president, William A. Til-
den; cashier. E. C. Tubbs.
Fort Dearborn Trust and Savings — 76 West
Mon»oe; capital. $500.000: president, William
A. Tilden; cashier, Herbert C. Roer.
Franklin Park State— Franklin Park: capital.
$25,000; president. H. N. Leadaman; cashier,
William H. Kirchoff.
Franklin Trust and Savings— Michigan avenue
and 35th street: capital. $300,000: president,
Simon W. Straus: cashier, Ederar F. Olson.
Fullerton-Southport State Sayings — Fullerton
and Sonthport avenues: capital. $200,000:
president. Walter J. Raymer; cashier, A. I.
Mikitynski.
Garfield Park State Savings— 4004 West Madi-
896
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1319.
son street; capital, $200,000: president, John
E. Decker: cashier, Arthur A. Marquart.
German American State — Matteson: capital,
$25,000: president, George H. Fortmiller;
cashier, Henry Schulze.
Glencoe State — Glencoe; capital, $25,000: pres-
ident, Jacob Schnur; cashier, F. A. Andrews.
Greenebaum Sons Bank and Trust Company —
Madison and LaSalle streets: capital, $1,500,-
000: president, Moses E. Greenebaum; cash-
ier, Walter J. Greenebaum.
Guarantee Trust and Saving's — 835 West 63d:
capital, $200,000: president, William H. C.
Stege: cashier. Otto J. Meier.
Halsted Street State— 6910 South Halsted street;
capital, $200,000: president, Henry F. Eid-
mann; cashier, Roy P. Roberts.
Harlem State Savings— Oak Park; capital, $50,-
000; president and cashier. W. F. Grosser.
Harris Trust and Savings— 115 West Monroe:
capital. $2,000.000: president. Albert W. Har-
ris: cashier, John S. Broeksmit.
•Hibernian Banking Association— 208 South La-
Salle street: capital, $2,000,000: president,
George M. Reynolds; cashier, Frederic S.
Hebard.
Hill State— 3334 Irving Park boulevard: capi-
tal. $200,000: president, A. H. Hill: cashier,
C. E. Mitchell.
Home Bank and Trust Company — Ashland and
Milwaukee avenues: capital, $300,000; presi-
dent, Charles F. Hoerr; cashier, William O.
Conrad.
Homewood State — Homewood: capital, $25,000:
president, Henry Gottschalk; cashier, James
A. Cowing.
Hyde Park State — Lake avenue and 53d street:
capital. $200.000; president. John A. Carroll;
cashier, M. A. Harmon.
Illinois State Bank of Chicago— Clark and Kin-
zie streets; capital, $200,000: president, Al-
fred Decker: cashier, Virgil C. Webster.
Illinois Trust and Savings — LaSalle and Jack-
son: capital, $5.000,000; president, John J.
Mitchell: cashier, Joseph I. Cooper.
Independence State — 1215 South Kedzie ave-
nue: capital. $200,000: president, Louis Bo-
mash; cashier, Herman R. Schiff.
Interstate National — 13304 Erie avenue (Hege-
wisch) : capital, $25,000; president, Lawrence
Cox: cashier, Clyde Collins.
Irving Park National — 4011 Elston avenue:
capital, $100,000; president, Charles H.
Rioch; cashier, Don W. Rlley.
Jefferson Park National — 4815 Milwaukee ave-
nue: capital, $50,000: president, George M.
Hayes- cashier. Fred H. Esdohr.
Kaspar State— 1900 Blue Island avenue: capi-
tal, $400,000: president. William Kaspar;
cashier, Emil F. Smrs.
Kenwood Trust and Savings— Gr-and boulevard
and. 47th; capital, $200.000: president,
Charles E. Ford: cashier, Eugene E. Ford.
Kimbark State — 1276 East 75th street: capital,
$25.000; president, E. E. Vail.
Kirchman State — Cicero ; capital. $100,000;
president, Frank Kirchman; cashier, John W.
Jedlan.
Krause State — 1341 Milwaukee avenue: capital,
$200,000: president, J. Henry Krause: cash-
ier, J. Jacob Krause.
LaGrange State — LaGrange: capital. $50,000;
president, L. C. Bassford; cashier, N. M.
Froom.
LaGrange Trust and Savings — LaGrange: cap-
ital, $50,000: president, W. E. Keeler; cash-
ier, H. J. Twining.
Lake View State— 3160 North Clark: capital,
$200.000: president, George W. McCabe; cask-
ier. Joseph E. Olson.
Lake View Trust and Savings — 3211 North
Ashland avenue: capital, $400,000: president,
Joseph J. Budlong: cashier, B. J. Steacey.
Lansing State — Lansing: capital, $25,000: pres-
ident, William Winterhoff: cashier, H. F. W.
Schultz.
Lawndale National— 3341 West 26th street:
capital; $50.000: president, Frank J. Hajicek;
cashier, Rudolph F. Hajicek.
Lawndale State— 3113 West 22d: capital, $200.-
000; president, Joseph J. Salat; cashier,
Joseph Kopecky.
Liberty Trust and Savings — Kedzie avenue and
12th street: capital, $250,000; president,
Charles Hollenbach; cashier, Frank A. Alden.
Lincoln State Bank of Chicago— 3105 South
State street: capital, $200,000: president.
George F. Leibrandt; cashier. John Hardie.
Lincoln Trust and Savings — 3936 Lincoln ave-
nue; capital, $200,000; president, O. B. Conk-
lin; cashier, W. O. Anderson.
Live Stock Exchange National — Union stock-
yards: capital, $1,250,000; president, Melvin
A. Tray lor; cashier, G. F. Emery.
Logan Square Trust and Savings — 2569 Mil-
waukee avenue: capital. $200,000: president,
James B. Heaney; cashier, Albert H. Sporber.
Madison and Kedzie State— 3131 West Madison
street: capital, $200.000: president, Harry H.
Baum; cashier, A. G. Costello.
Market Trust and Savings— 127 North Halsted
street: capital, $200,000: president. Fred S.
Fulton: cashier, Albert M. Tierney.
May wood State — Maywood: capital, $100,000:
president, John Soffel; cashier, W. G. Heide-
mann.
Maywood Trust and Savings — Maywood: capi-
tal, $25,000; president. Charles N. Bullard;
cashier. Carl E. Robinson.
Mechanics and Traders' State — Washington bou-
levard and Desplaines street: capital, $200,-
000; president, Calvin F. Craig; cashier. Nor-
ton F. Stone.
Melrose Park State — Capital. $100.000: presi-
dent, W. G. Heidemann; cashier, John Soffel.
Mercantile Trust and Savings — 547 West Jack-
son boulevard: capital, $250,000: president.
Frederick H. Rawson: cashier. Harry N. Grut.
Merchants' Loan and Trust — 112 West Adams:
capital, $3,000,000: president, Edmund D.
Hulbert: cashier, Paul C. Peterson.
Metropolitan State — 807 West 35th street: cap-
ital, $50.000; president, John B. Brenza;
cashier, Julius C. Brenza.
Michigan Avenue Trust — 2218 Michigan ave-
nue; capital, $200.000; president, Landon C.
Rose; cashier, W. C. Periolat.
Mid-City Trust and Savings — Halsted and Madi-
son: capital, $500,000: president, William J.
Rathje: cashier, D. B. Kennedy.
Morris Plan — 21 North LaSalle: capital. ,
president, Joseph E. Otis; cashier-treasurer,
Chauncey B. Blair.
Morton Grove Trust and Sayings — Morton
Grove: capital, $25,000: president, August
Geweke: cashier, H. S. Scharenberg.
Morton Park State — Morton Park; capital.
$100.000; president, Harley B. Mitchell: cash-
ier, Byron C. Thorpe.
Mutual National— 7829-31 South Halsted: capi-
tal, $200,000: president, Frank Rathje; cash-
ier, Fred H. Korthauer.
National Bank of the Republic — LaSalle and
Monroe: capital, $2,000,000; president, John
A. Lynch: cashier, Oscar H. Swan.
National City Bank of Chicago — Dearborn and
Monroe: capital. $2,000,000; president, David
R. Forgan; cashier. Walker G. McLaury.
National Produce — 196 North Clark: capital,
$500.000: president, Edwin L. Wagner; cash-
ier, Ralph N. Ballou.
Noel State — Milwaukee and North avenues:
capital, $300.000; president. Joseph R. Noel:
cashier, Frank W. Hausmann.
North Avenue State — North avenue and Larra-
bee: capital. $200,000: president, Landon C.
Rose: cashier. Otto G. Roehling.
North Side State Savings— 808 North Clark
street; capital. $200.000: president, William
R. Dawes; cashier, P. H. Weilbrenner.
Northern Trust — LaSalle and Monroe: capital;
$2,000,000; president. Solomon A. Smith:
cashier, Thomas C. King.
Northwestern Trust and Savings — 1152 Mil-
waukee avenue: capital, $400.000: president.
J. F. Smulski: cashier, T. M. Helinski.
Oak Park Trust and Savings— Oak Park; capi-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
897
tal, $200.000: president, Henry W. Austin;
cashier. Paul E. Zimmerman.
Ogden Avenue State — 3644 Ogden avenue: capi-
tal. 8200.000; president. Frank Ransford:
cashier. Elmer F. Adams.
Park Ridge State — Park Bidg-e; capital, $25.-
000: president, G. H. Barrows; cashier, M. C.
Appelt.
Pearsons-Taf t Land Credit Company — 105 South
LaSalle street: capital. $200.000; president,
Oren E. Taft: cashier. F. Watson.
Peoples Stock Yards State — Ashland and 47th;
capital, 5500,000: president, R. J. Schlesing-
er;- cashier, John A. Nylin.
Peoples Trust and Savings — Michigan avenue
and Adams: capital, $500,000; president.
Earle H. Reynolds: cashier. H. T. Griswold.
Phillip State— 7005 North Clark street ; capital.
$200.000: president, Peter Phillip; cashier, C.
P. Reynolds.
Pioneer State Savings — 4016 West North ave-
nue :> capital, $200,000: president, John J.
Lovett: cashier. C. J. Peeples.
Proviso State — Maywood: capital, $50.000:
president. G. A.. Hart; cashier. C. J. Gates, Jr.
Pullman Trust and Savings^-Pullman ; capital,
$300.000: president. Edward F. Bryant; cash-
ier, Donald R. Bryant.
Ravenswood National — 4600 Bavenswood ave-
nue: capital, $50,000: president, Walter D.
Bathje; cashier, George T. Keeler.
Reliance State — Madison, Ashland and Ogden:
capital. $200,000; president, Baymond Car-
dona: cashier. Hugh McNefl.
River Forest State — River Forest: capital. $50,-
000: president, John W. Broughton; cashier,
John A. Klesert.
Riverside State — Riverside; capital, $50.000;
president. E. H. Story; cashier. Frank Fred-
erick.
Rogers Park National— 7044 North Clark street ;
capital, $50,000: president, Otto E. Freund;
cashier, Walter H. Creber.
Roseland State Savings — 11500 Michigan ave-
nue: capital. $200.000: president. John S.
Runnells: cashier, David J. Harris.
Schiff & Co. State— Twelfth street, near Hal-
sted: capital, $200.000: president, Benjamin
L. Schiff: cashier, Samuel S. Shuster.
Second Security Bank of Chicago— Milwaukee
and Western avenues: capital. $200,000: pres-
ident, J. C. Hansen: cashier. Martin J. Grau.
Security Bank of Chicago — Milwaukee avenue
and Carpenter: capital, 8400,000; president.
J. C. Hansen: cashier, A. E. Suter.
Sheridan Trust and Savings — Broadway and
Lawrence avenue: capital, $200.000; presi-
dent, W. J. Klingenberg; cashier, J. R. .S.
Crowder.
Shermerville State— Capital. $25,000; president,
Henry Rugen: cashier, Gus A. Olson.
Sixty-Third and Halsted State— 810 West 63d
street: capital, $200.000; president. C. H.
D^hming; cashier, George Lenz.
South Chicago Savings — 3017 East 92d street:
capital, $300.000: president. Warren W.
Smith: cashier. Herbert Jones.
South Side State— 4259 Cottage Grove avenue:
capital, $200.000: president, H. W. Mahan;
cashier. D. W. Cahill.
South- West — 5105 South Ashland avenue: capi-
tal. $200.000: president, J. E. Hitt: cashier,
Roswell W. Hawkins.
South-West Trust and Savings — 35th street.
Archer and Hoyne avenues; capital, $200,-
000: president. Thomas J. Healey; cashier,
Andrew H. Walkski.
Standard Trust and Savings — 29 South LaSalle:
capital. $1,000.000: president, Charles S. Cas-
tle: cashier, Henry C. .Stevens.
State Bank of Chicago — LaSalle and Washing-
ton: capital, $1,500.000: president, L. A.
Goddard; cashier, Henry S. Henschen.
State Bank of Clearing— 5601 West 63d street:
capital, $25.000: president, Frederick A. Hib-
bert; cashier, Theodore P. Oster.
State Bank of Evanston — Evanston: capital,
$150.000; president. William A. Dyche: cash-
ier, F. J. Scheideuhelm.
State Bank of Oak Park— Capital. $100.000:
cashier, Alfred H. Klein.
State Bank of West Pullman— 120th and Lowe:
capital, $25.000; president, Thomas W. Cole;
cashier, Edward Larson.
State Commercial and Savings — 1935 Milwau«
kee avenue; capital, $25,000: president,
Joseph Stein; cashier, Walter J. Stein.
Stockmen's Trust and Savings — 5425 South
Halsted; capital, $200,000: president. P. J.
Harmon: cashier, E. J. A. Gold.
Stock Yard Savings— 4162 South Halsted: capi-
tal, $300.000: president. C. N. Stanton; cash-
ier, W. S. Tipton.
Suburban Trust and Savings — Oak Park; capi-
tal, .$100.000: president, W. H. Rattenburg;
cashier, John M. Duryee.
Summit State — Capital. $25.000: president. H.
B. Kilgour; cashier, F. C. Mandel.
Union Bank of Chicago— 25 North Dearborn
street; capital, $500.000: president, Charles
E. Schlytern; cashier, G. Hallbom.
Union Trust — Dearborn and Madison: capital.
$1,500,000: president, F. H. Rawson: cash-
ier. F. P. Schreiber.
United State— 6000 South Halsted: capital,
$200,000: president, Simon Heck; cashier.
Carl Lundberg.
Washington Park National— 730 East 63d
street: capital. $100,000; president, H. W.
Mahan: cashier. A. E. Olson.
West Englewood Ashland State— 1610 West 63d
street : capital. $250.000 : president, John
Bain; cashier, Edward C. Barry.
West Hammond Trust and Savings — Capital.
$25,000: president, A. J. Campbell; cashier,
Paul I. Muschelewicz.
West Side National— 1600 West 12th street:
capital, $200.000: president, Thomas J.
Healey: cashier, Leo P. Cummings.
West Side Trust and Savings — Halsted and
12th; capital. $400,000: president, Benjamin
S. Mayer; cashier, Charles O. Fetscher.
West Town State— 2325 West Madison street:
capital, $200,000: president. Thomas J. Har-
per: cashier, J. W. Hays.
Wilmette Exchange State — Capital. $75,000:
president. S. A. Wheelock; cashier, J. K.
Schaefer.
Winnetka State— Capital, $25,000: president,
John R. Leonard; cashier, Henry R. Hale.
Woodlawn Trust and Savings— 1204 East 63d;
capital, $200,000: president. Charles M.
Poague: cashier. John W. Watson.
Chicago Clearing House Association — Northern
Trust building, LaSalle and Monroe streets;
president. John A. Lynch; manager, Thomas
C. Stibbs.
•Consolidated with the Continental and Com-
mercial Savings bank Oct. 31, 1918.
Chicago Bank Clearings.
Year.
1902...
1903...
1904...
1905...
1906...
1907...
1908..
Clearings.
$8.394,872,351.50
8.755.553.649.93
8.989,983.764.40
10.191.765.732.59
11,047,311,894.50
12.087.647.870.08
11.853,814,943.58
1909 13.781,843.612.86
Year.
1910..,
1911...
1912...
1913...
1914...
1915..,
1916...
1917...
Clearings of 1917 and 1918
1917.
$2,083,813,393
1,742,451.867
2,217,919,419
2.112,310.980
2,211.075,057
2.117,698.672
2.078,436,174
2,027,259.654
1,915.897,614
2,267,387,502
2.128,296.861
2.072.427.280
January .
February
March . .
April
May
June
July
August . .
September
October .
November
December
Total 24,974.974.478
Clearings.
...$13.939,689,984.43
.. 13,925,709,802.79
.. 15.380.795.541.00
.. 16.073.130.524.00
.. 15,692,828,996.00
... 16,198.985,174.00
.. 20,541.943,195.00
.. 24.974.974,478.00
by Months.
1918.
$2,024,542.219
1,784,007,741
2.345,045,166
2,222.323,250
2,163,787.350
2.076,705.883
2,245,745.141
2.250,912,489
898
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO BANK DEPOSITS AND LOANS.
National Banks (Aug. SI, 1918).
Bank. Deposits. Loans.
ffinE?^:::.v:: 'Ittiil
Bowmanville 599.566 324.373
Calumet . 1.828.898 1.149.433
a^^e^-::2^:^!!
Drovers ^posit. .. ....^5,268,245 13|;221,463
First of 'Englewood... 3.785.502 2.404.520
as*0™-.:::::-.: 48«il? Kf^i
ySSfSai::-::::::. 48*8 , S&S3
Lawndale 1.866.089 1.601.985
^Ji^.^f^: 17-§38:IS§ 14-§t!iti
Nat. Bank of Republic 27.775.608 21.917.378
Nat. City of Chicago.. 30.353,251 22.744,814
National Produce 3.980.083 2,464,162
Ravenswood 516,944 446.621
Rogers Park . 531.760 174.806
Washington Park 3.083.324 1.730.428
West Side 951.099 735.384
Totals 699.642.193 546.228.261
State Banks (Sept. S, 1918).
Adams State $191.229
<Etna State 775,344
American State 2,680.590
Austin Avenue Trust. 222,479
Austin State 2,827,844
Calumet Trust 41i-267,
Capital 846.713
Central Mfg 3-37,9-§?2
Central Trust 50.094,568
Central Trust & Sav. 1,583,466
Chicago City B. & T. 3.530,907
Chicago Savings 9.539.893
Citizens State of L. V. 1.668.167
Citizens Trust ^^-P,??
City State 226.314
Cont. & Com. T. & S. 34.629,193
Crawford State 164.818
Depositors State 2.59"6.031
Drexel State 3.745.891
Drovers Trust 4,235,728
Englewood 2.067,505
First Trust & Savings 66.142.543
Foreman Bros 17.233.365
Fort Dearborn 4.968.474
Franklin Trust 1.982.442
FuUerton-Southport .. 825.003
Garfield Park 1.650.432
Cosmopolitan, Chicago 924,031
Greenebaum Sons 8.789.988
Guarantee Trust S7P-?, U
Halsted Street 811, 87o
Harris Trust 22.027.814
Hibernian 25.852,945
Hill State 478.372
$81.445
452.007
2,990.760
280,863
2,324,098
210,087
598.570
2.618.159
36.558,924
1,435,682
2,804,333
6.623. 8G8
923,772
647.626
249.346
17.712.814
331.222
2.097.415
2,566.337
3,608,521
1,627.080
41.718.804
15.314.731
3.806.415
1,484,460
567.684
574.263
640,281
'6,670,325
615,424
844.801
12.933.808
17.685.777
461.070
Bank.
Home Bank & Trust.
Hyde Park
Illinois Trust
Independence
Kaspar State
Kenwood Trust
Kirchman State
Krause State
Lake View State
Lake View Trust
Lawndale State
Liberty Trust
Lincoln State. Chicago
Lincoln Trust
Logan Square Trust...
Madison and Kedzie..
Market Trust
Mechanics & Traders.
Mercantile Trust
Merchants Loan & T.
Metropolitan
Michigan Ave. Trust.
Mid-City Trust
Noel State
North Avenue State.- .
Northern Trust
North Side State
Northwestern Trust...
Ogden Avenue
Peoples Stockyards. . .
Peoples Trust
Phillip State
Pioneer State
Pullman Trust
Reliance State
Roseland State
Schiff & Co. State
Second Security
Security of Chicago...
Sheridan Trust
Sixty-Third & Halsted
South Chicago
South Side State
Southwest State
Southwest Trust
Standard Trust
State Bank, Chicago. .
State Bk. of Clearing
State of W. Pullman.
State Commercial ....
Stockmen's Trust
Stockyards Savings. .
Stony Island Trust. . .
Union of Chicago
Union Trust Co
United State Bank..
Universal State Bank.
W. Englew'd-Ashland.
West Side Trust
West Town State
Woodlawn Trust ....
Totals 686.385.444 499.541.226
Deposits.
$2,318,385
1.688.985
92.910.252
985.130
5.U41.469
3,022.659
600.252
1.518.512
1.331.800
3.228.002
1.665.811
2,378,772
901.388
681.207
729,768
1.410.530
934.316
1.811.186
3.118,245
88.991.385
109.166
1.892.436
4,962,552
2.317.546
2.877.142
32.079.264
1.421.014
7.414.337
634,994
7.637.209
10,395.098
794.250
793.711
4,065,610
1.998.046
1.410.905
2.150.249
1.742.602
4,222.242
3.000,638
479.811
4.808.724
3.153.719
742.937
1,334.122
8.442.055
29,778,723
182.278
409.859
200.890
1.173,818
4.106.357
493.402
2.618.473
32.080.669
690,814
659.949
1.192,609
5.843.770
1.394.. 824
2,936,320
Loans.
$2,246,498
1.093.531
64,055.319
588,978
4,452.543
2,092.620
591.604
571.116
900.337
2.836.772
1.542.432
2.005.406
664.647
352,541
769.706
983.752
907.395
1.230.188
2.469.368
71.461.562
117.732
1.542.361
3,865.905
1.560.377
1.338.684
27.397.763
795.207
4.373.476
429J761
6.308.578
7.776.357
264.997
626.131
4,366,459
•1.720.704
636474
468.065
1,420.058
3,261.021
1.769,606
512.746
4.215.631
2.384.755
725.969
1.108.689
6,244.043
26,914,926
117.437
442.179
208.093
956.932
2.921.111
571.643
2.050.374
18.535.954
537,018
412.722
1.114.758
4.896.020
752.555
2,131,228
TERMS OF ILLINOIS, COOK COUNTY AND CHICAGO
Office. Years.
State — Representatives 2
Senators 4
Governor 4
Lieutenant-governor 4
Secretary of state 4
Treasurer 2
Auditor 4
Attorney -general 4
Supt. public instruction. .. 4
University trustees 4
Members bd. equalization. 4
Judges Supreme court 9
Clerk Supreme court 6
Appellate court clerks 6
Office. Years.
Cook Co. — Commissioners. ... 2
Pres. county commissioners 2
Sheriff 4
Treasurer 4
Coroner 4
State's attorney 4
Superintendent of schools. 4
County clerk 4
Recorder 4
County judge 4
Probate judge 4
Clerk Probate court 4
Circuit court judges 6
Clerk Circuit court 4
Judges Superior court 6
ELECTIVE OFFICIALS.
Office. Years.
Clerk Superior court 4
Clerk Criminal court 4
Assessors 6
Members board of review. 6
Chicago — Mayor 4
Aldermen 2
City clerk 2
City treasurer 2
Municipal court judges... 6
Chief justice Municipal ct 6
Clerk Municipal court 6
Bailiff Municipal court... 6
Sanitary district trustees 6
President sanitary board. 6
County officers throughout the state are
elected for four years Township officers, such
as supervisors, assessors, collectors and town
clerks, are elected for one-year terms. High-
way commissioners are elected for three years.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
899
CHICAGO BOARD OF EDUCATION.
Offices on the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth floors of the Tribune building:.
Revised to Dec. 1, 1918.
President— Jacob M. Loeb.
Vice-President—John W. Eckhart.
Secretary — Lewis E. Larson (salary $4,000).
Attorney — Angus Roy Shannon.
Members.
Mrs. John MacMahon. John W. Eckhart.
Jacob M. Loeb. Mrs. C. O. Sethness.
Dr. Otto F. Warning:. Mrs. Wm. E. Gallagher.
Michael J. Collins. Ernest J. Kruetgen.
Charles S. Peterson. Mrs. F. E. Thornton.
Mrs. G. P. Vosbrink. Max Loeb.
Dr. Peter C. Clemensen. Harris W. Huehl.
Ralph C. Otis. Edward J. Piggott.
Joseph A. Holpuch. Charles R. Young.
Standing Committees.
School Management— Mrs. Sethness. chairman;
Mrs. Vosbrink, Mr. Peterson, Max Loeb,
Mrs. MacMahon, Mr. Kruetgen, Mrs. Thorn-
ton. Mr. Otis, Mr. Young.
Buildings and Grounds— Mr. Collins, chairman;
Mr. Eckhart. Dr. Warning. Mr. Holpuch, Mr.
Huehl. Mr. Piggott, Mr. Kruetgen. Mrs. Gal-
lagher. Dr. Clemensen, Mrs. MacMahon.
Finance— Mr. Peterson. Chairman: Mr. Collins,
Mrs. Sethness. Mr. Eckhart. Mr. Holpuch.
Mr Piggott, Mr. Young, Max Loeb. Mrs.
Vosbrink, Dr. Warning.
Rules — Mr. Kruetgen, chairman: Mrs. Gal-
lagher, Mrs. Thornton, Mr. Otis. The presi-
dent, ex-officio; heads of departments ad-
visory.
Leases — Mr. Eckhart, chairman: Dr. Warning.
Mr. Huehl, Max Loeb, Mr. Peterson.
Audit — Mr. Holpuch, chairman, Mr. Piggott.
Mr. Peterson.
Adjustments — Dr. Clemensen, chairman.
Community Centers — Max Loeb, chairman; Mr.
Kruetgen, Mr. Eckhart, Mrs. Sethness, Mrs.
MacMahon.
Health and Sanitation — Mrs. Vosbrink, chair-
man: Mrs. Thornton, Dr. Clemensen, Dr.
Warning, Mr. Eckhart.
Sites — Mr. Piggott. chairman; Mr. Huehl, Mr.
Young. Mrs. Gallagher.
Legislation — Mr. Huehl, chairman; Mr. Eck-
hart, Mr. Collins.
Executive Officers of the Board.
Direct Purchases and Condemnation Settle-
ments—The president. Mr. Loeb.
Chairman Committee on Finance— Mr. Peter-
son.
Chairman Committee on Buildings and
Grounds — Mr. Collins.
Chairman Committee on Sites— Mr. Piggott.
Business Manager — Mr. Larson.
Attorney — Mr. Shannon.
SCHOOLS OF CHICAGO.
With the location and principal of each.
SUPERINTENDENTS.
Superintendent — Peter A. Mortenson.
Assistant Superintendent— Ernest E. Cole.
Assistant Superintendent in Charge of Evening
Schools and Vocational School— William M.
Roberts.
Assistant Superintendent— Samuel B. Allison.
Community Centers— Dudley Grant Hays.
Superintendent of Parental School — Fred M.
Smith.
Examiners— William H. Campbell and Orville T.
Bright.
DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENTS.
Dlst. Supt. OfBce.
1. Ella C. Sullivan Lake View high school
2. R. M. Hitch Darwin school
3. C. D. Lowry Burr school
4. Elizabeth W. Murphy Marshall high school
5. Henry G. Clark McKinley high school
6. John H. Stube Hammond school
7. Frederick M. Sisson Garfleld school
8. Minnie R. Cowan Graham school
9. O. T. Bright Normal school
10. Martha V. Bishop Fiske school
SUPERVISORS.
Technical Work in High Schools— Albert G.
Bauersfeld.
Commercial Work in High Schools— William
Bachrach.
Household Arts and Science — Jennie H. Snow.
Schools for Blind— John B. Curtis.
Elementary Manual Training and Construction
Work-*Edward F. Worst.
Music— Agnes C. Heath.
Art— Lucy S. Silke.
Director of Child Study— Daniel P. MacMlllan.
High School Band Instructor — N. P. Peterson.
Military in High Schools— Lieut. F. L. Beals.
OFFICE HOURS.
General offices open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. ;
Saturdays, 9 a. m. to 12 m.
Business manager, 4 to 5 p. m. ; Saturdays, 9
a. m. to 12 m.
Superintendent, school days, 2 to 4:30 p. m. ;
Saturdays, 9 to 10:15 a. m.
District superintendents, Saturdays, 9 to 10:15
a. m. and 4 to 5 p. m. on stated days.
Chicago Normal College— 6800 Stewart avenue;
William Bishop Owen.
Parker Practice School— 6800 Stewart avenue:
William R. Hatfield.
Haines Practice School— 231 West 23d place;
Elizabeth R. Daly.
Carter Practice School— 5740 South Michigan ave-
nue; Abby E. Lane.
Chicago Parental School— 3600 Foster avenue;
Fred M, Smith, superintendent.
High Schools.
Austin— 5417 Fulton street; George H. Rockwood.
Bowen— 8860 Manlstee avenue; Clarence E. Do
Butts.
Calumet— 8025 Normal avenue; Grant Beebe.
Crane Technical— 2246 West Van Buren street;
William J. Bartholf.
Englewood— 6220 Stewart avenue— James E. Arm-
strong.
Fenger— 50 East 115th street; Thomas C. Hill.
Flower Technical— 6059 South Wabash avenue:
Dora Wells.
Harrison Technical— 2850 West 24th Street boule-
vard-Frank L. Morse.
Hyde Park— 6220 Stony Island avenue; Hiram B.
Loomis.
Lake View— 4015 North Ashland avenue; B. Frank
Brown.
Lane Technical— 1225 Sedgwick street; William
J. Bogan.
Linclblom High (site) — 61st and Lincoln streets.
Marshall— 3250 West Adams street; Louis J. Block.
McKinley— 2040 West Adams street; George M.
Clayberg.
Medill— 1326 West 14th place; Avon S. Hall. '
Morgan Park— 11043 Hermosa avenue ; William
Schoch.
Parker — 6800 Stewart avenue ; Charles R. French.
Phillips— 244 E. 39th street; Charles' H. Perrine.
Sohurz — 3601 Milwaukee avenue; Walter F. Slo-
eum.
Senn— 5900 North Glenwood avenue; Benjamin
F. Buck.
Tllden— 645 West 47th place ; Edward C. Rosse-
ter.
Tuley— 1313 North Claremont avenue; Franklin P.
Flsk.
Waller— 2007 Orchard street; John E. Adams.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK- FOB 1919.
Elementary Schools.
Adams — 849 Townsend street; Dora W. Zollman.
Agassiz— 2851 Seminary avenue; liina E. Troen-
dle.
Alcott — 670 Wrightwood avenue ; William C.
Dodge.
Altgeld— 1340 West 71st street; James W. Brooks.
Andersen— 1155 North Lincoln street; Francis M.
McKay.
Armour— 950 West 33d place; Martin E_ Hurney.
Armstrong— 7050 Pingree street; Azile B. Reyn-
olds'.
Arnold— 2001 Burling street; J. Edward Huber.
Auburn Park — 8025 Normal avenue; Grant Beebe.
Audubon — 3500 North Hoyne avenue; Mary E.
Vaughan.
Avondale— 2945 North Sawyer avenue; John H.
Stehman.
Bancroft— 1638 North Maplewood avenue: Carrie
F. Patterson.
Barnard— 10354 Charles street; Elizabeth H.
Sutherland.
Bass — 6554 South May street; Lucy I. Laing.
Beale— 6043 South Sangamon street; John W. May.
Beaubien — 5025 North Laramie avenue; Sarah J.
O'Keofe.
Beidler— 3151 Walnut street; Jay C. Edwards.
Belding — 4257 North Trlpp avenue; Delos BuzzelL
Bell— 3730 Oakley boulevard ; Esther J. W. Barker.
Blaine — 3808 Southport avenue; Mary J. Zollman.
Bradwell— 7710 Burnham avenue; Georgia A. Sea-
man.
Brentano— 2723 North Fairfleld avenue; Henry. F.
Kling.
Brown— 1758 Warren avenue; Matilda M. Niehaus.
Brownell— 6509 Perry avenue ; Alice E. Sollitt.
Bryant— 1S55 South Kedvale avenue; Ida Migliell.
Bryn Mawi— 7355 South Jeffery avenue; Margaret
J. MeKee.
Budlong— 2701 Foster avenue; Minnie M. Jamieson.
Burke— 5356 South Park avenue; J. Clara Breese.
Burley— 1630 Barry avenue; Ida L. Jaeger.
Burns— 2524 South Central Park avenue; Robert
Nightingale.
Burnside — 650 East 91st place; Frank W. Rieder.
Burr— 1621 Wabansia avenue: Samuel R. Meek,
Burroughs— 3542 Washtenaw avenue; Elizabeth B.
Letzkuss.
Byford— 5600 Iowa street; Novella M. Close.
Calhoun— 2850 West Jackson boulevard ; Jeannette
P. Robinson.
Cameron— 1236 Monticello avenue; Herbert L.
Merrill.
Carpenter— 666 North Racine avenue; Volney Un-
/ deruilL
Chalmers^Plamondon— 1220 South Fairfleld avenue ;
Thomas J. Casey.
Chase— 2021 Point street: Solon S. Dodge.
Chicago and Cook County School for Boys— 2615
South California avenue ; superintendent, Orris
J. Milllken.
Chopin— Iowa street and Campbell avenue ; Wil-
liam C. Payne.
Clarke — 1310 South Ashland avenue ; Henry C.
Beers.
Clay — 13231 Burley avenue ; Flora V. Renaud. ^
Clearing— South Central avenue, near 55th street ;
Moses Maier.
Cleveland— 3850 North Albany avenue; Lewis W.
Colwell.
Colman — 4655 South Dearborn street; Francis G.
Rogers.
Columbus— 2120 Augusta street; Kate A. Reedy.
Coonley— 4048 North Leavitt street ; Elizabeth A.
McGi'lIen.
Cooper— 1624 West 19th street; Ida A. Shaver.
Copernicus'— 6010 South Throop street ; Cora Cav-
erno.
Corkcry— 2510 South Kildare avenue; Daniel F.
O'Hearn.
Cornell— 7520 Drexel avenue; Flora J. Josl.vn.
Cregier— 1820 Yeaton street ; William F. Gingrich.
Crerar — 1002 Campbell avenue; Annette M.
Curtfs-^50 East 115th street; Thomas C. Hill.
Dante— 810 South Desplaines street; Clyde A.
Brown.
Darwin— 2314 North Albany avenue; Charles A.
Myall.
Davis— 3014 West 39th place; Helen C. Maine.
Delano— 3937 Wilcox street; Gerbrandus A. Osiuga.
Dewey— 5415 South Union avenue; Edward Mc-
Loughlin.
Doolittle— 525 East 35th street ; Margaret Madden.
Dore— 758 West Harrison street; Nora F. Doran.
Douglas— 3211 Forest avenue ; Susan Bonfield.
Drake— 2641 Calumet avenue; Helen W. McLough-
lin.
Drummond— 1845 Cortland st. ; Elizabeth Haines.
Earle— 6121 South Hermitage avenue; Ira C.
Baker.
Eberhart— 3400 West 65th place— Helen N.' Blan-
chard.
Emmet (Austin)— 5500 West Madison street;
Helen B. Eastman.
Ericsson— 2930 West Harrison street; Otto M.
Becker.
Everett— 3419 South Irving avenue; Patrick F.
Haley.
Falconer— North Lamon and Wellington avennes".
Fallen— 4174 Wallace street ; Catherine Rueff
Farragut— 2336 South Spaulding avenue: Albert
W. Evans.
Farren— 5030 South Wabash avenue; Isabella
Dolton.
Felsenthal— 4101 Calumet avenue; Walter J. Har-
rower.
Field— 7019 North Ashland avenue; Charles A.
Kent.
Fiske— 6145 Ingleside avenue; Harry T. Baker.
Forrestville— 4451 St. Lawrence avenue; Florence
Holbrook.
Foster— 720 O'Brien street; Mary B. Catelain.
Franklin— 226 West Goethe street; Etta Q. Gee.
Froebel— 2021 West 21st street ; William W. Reed.
Fuller— 537 East 42d street: Louise K. Stone.
Fulton— 5300 South Hermitage avenue: Clara H.
McFarlin.
Funston— 2010 North Central Park avenue ; Thomas
J. Plant.
Gage Park— 5516 Maplewood avenue ; Gertrude E.
English.
Gallistel— 10347 Ewing avenue; James H. Henry.
Garfield— 820 West 14th place; James E. Welsh.
Gary— 3000 South Ridgeway avenue: Frank W.
Stahl.
Gladstone— 1231 South Robey street; Harry S.
Valle.
Goethe— 2236 North Rockwell street; Charles S.
Bartholf.
Goodrich— 915 West Taylor street; Esther R. P.
Hornbaker.
Goudy— 5124 Winthrop avenue ; Louise Schroll.
Graham — 4436 South Union avenue; Mary T. Ma-
roney.
Grant— 2433 Wilcox street; Marguerite L. O'Brien.
Gray— 3810 North Laramie avenue; Ella R. Con-
nell.
Greene — 3537 South Paulina street ; Frank Mayo.
Gresham — 8510 South Green street; Isabel G.
Graham.
Hamilton— 1650, Cornelia avenue; M. Elizabeth
Farson.
Ham line — 4747 South Bishop street; Eleanor Reese
Dunn.
Hammond— 2815 West 21st place ; John A. Long.
Hanson Park-Mont Clare— 5520 Grand avenue;
Fannie L. Marble.
Harper— 6520 South Wood street; Morgan G.
Hogge.
Harvard— 7537 Harvard avenue ; Henry W. Sum-
ner.
Hauzjan — 4540 North Hamlin avenue; Thomas C.
Johnson.
Haven— 1472 South Wabash avenue ; Clara W.
Creedon.
Hawthorne — 3300 Seminary avenue ; George W.
Davis.
Hayes— 258 North Leavitt street; Jane H. Mac-
Con key.
Hayt— 1518 Granville avenue; Elmer L. Kletzing.
Healy— 3037 Wallace street; Adrian M. Doolin.
Hedges — 4735 South Winchester avenue ; Marcella
R. Hanlon.
Hendricks— 313 West 43d street ; Fred R. Nichols.
Henry— 4250 North St. Louis avenue; Mary E. C.
Lyons.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
901
Herzl — 1433 South Ridgeway avenue ; Jaroslav J.
Zmrhal.
Hibbard— 3244 Ainslie street; Chester C. Dodge.
Holdfen— 3065 South Looiuis street; Lincoln P.
Goodhue.
Holmes— 5525 South Morgan street; Daniel A.
Tear.
Howe (Austin)— 720 Lorel avenue ; Mary B.
Vance.
Howland — 1604 South Spaulding avenue: Ambrose
B. Wight.
Irving— 2140 West Lexington street; John W.
Troeger.
Irving Park— 3815 North Kedvale avenue; Mary
McMahon.
Jackson— 820 Sholto street ; William Hedges.
Jahn— 3149 North Lincoln street ; Cephas H. Leach.
Jefferson— 1010 South Luflin street; Catherine M.
Delanty.
Jenner— 1009 Milton avenue; Frederick J. Lane.
Jirka— 1400 West 17th street; -Mary E. Rodgers.
Jungman — 1746 Loeffler court ; Sarah A. Fleming.
Juvenile Court School — 748 Forquer street.
Keeler Avenue — 4350 Augusta street; Katherine
Riordan.
Keith— 3400 South Dearborn street; Mary Mc-
Norney.
Kelvyn Park — 4343 Wrightwood avenue ; Charles'
H. Ostrander.
Kenwood — 4959 Blackstone avenue; Abigail M.
Hunt.
Kershaw— €43 South Union avenue ; William Rade-
baugh.
Key (Austin)— 617 North Parkside avenue; Lillian
H. Wright.
King— 2420 West Harrison street ; Harriet F. Hay-
wood.
Knickerbocker— 2301 North Clifton avenue; Mary
G. Guthrie.
Kohn— 10434 South State street; Charles C. Cobb.
Komensky— 1923 South Throop street; James W.
McGinnis.
Kosciuszko— 1424 North Cleaver street ; Ida M.
Cook.
Kozminski— 936 East 54th street ; Leslie Lewis.
Lafayette — 2700 Augusta street; Mary I. Purer.
Langland— 2230 Cortland street: Effle C. Tinen.
LaSalle— 326 West Eugenie street; Mary Taylor.
Lawson— 1256 South Homan avenue; Charles C.
K.-auskopf.
LeMoyne— Rokeby and Addlson streets; Abigail
C. Ellings.
Lewis-Champlin— 6200 Princeton avenue; Henry S.
Crane.
Libby— 5300 South Loomis street; Florence U.
Colt.
Lincoln— 2324 Larrabee street; Albert L. Steven-
son.
Liune— 3221 North Sacramento avenue; Charles
A. Cook.
Lloyd— 2103 North Lamon avenue ; Jacob H.
Hauch.
Logan— 2238 North Oakley avenue; M. Therese
Norton.
Longfellow— 1901 West 35th street; Mary E. Gil-
bert.
Lowell— 3312 Hirsch street; Horace U. Herrick.
Madison — 7433 Dorchester avenue; Sarah A. MI1-
ner.
Manierre — 1420 Hudson avenue ; David E. Mc-
Cracken.
Mann— 250 West 37th street ; Elizabeth L. Drew.
Marquette — 1800 West Harrison street; Mary E.
Tobin.
Marsh— 9810 Exchange avenue ; Franklin C. Do-
necker.
Marshall— 3250 West Adams street; Louis J.
Block.
May— 512 South Lavergne avenue ; Cora E. Lewis.
May fair — 4615 North Kilpatrick avenue; Annie .S.
Newman.
McClellan— 3527 Wallace street; Lilias M. Wil-
liamson.
McCormick— 2712 South Sawyer avenue; Mary L.
Twohig.
McCosh— 6543 Champlain avenue; Ida M. Phal-
man.
McLaren— 1500 Flournoy street; Charles J. Lunak.
McPherson — 4728 North Lincoln street: Adelaide
E. Jordan.
Medill— 1326 West 14th place; Avon S. Hall.
Mitchell — 2233 West Ohio street ; Tracy H.
Holmes.
Monroe — 3650 Schubert avenue ; Ada B. Sempill.
Moos— 1711 North California ave"hue ; Thomas C.
M. Jamieson.
Morgan Park— 2364 West 110th street; William
Schoch.
Morris— 919 Barry avenue; Luella Heinroth.
Morse — 620 North Sawyer avenue; George L.
Voorhees.
Moseley— 2348 South Michigan avenue; Leona L.
Thorne.
Motley— 738 North Ada street ; Miriam Del Banco.
Mozart— 2200 North Hamlin avenue ; Nellie C.
Hudd.
Mulligan— 1832 Sheffield avenue: Hanna Schiff.
Nash— 1851 West Erie street; Fred J. Watson.
Nettelhorst— 3252 Broadway; Robert L. Hug lies.
New berry— 700 Willow street; Mary E. Felloes.
Nixon— 2121 North Keeler avenue; G. Ovedia
Jacobs.
Nobel-4127 Hirsch street; Marie A. Dunne.
Norwood Park— 5900 Nina avenue.
Oakland— 750 East 40th street; Susie L. Cowan.
Ogden— 9 West Chestnut street; Martha M. Rug-
gles.
Oglesby— 7646 South Green street; Daniel J.
Beeby.
Orr— 4212 Cootez street.
Otis — 525 Armour street; John M. Duggan.
Parkman— 245 West 51st street; John B. McGlnty.
Park Manor— 7049 Rhodes avenue; Genevieve
Melody.
Parkside— 6938 East End avenue; Jane S. At-
water.
Peabody— 1444 Augusta street; Mary H. Smyth.
Pierce— 1423 Bryn Mawr avenue ; Inger M. Schjol-
dager.
Penn— 1616 South Avers avenue; Bertha Benson.
Pickard— 2105 South Oakley boulevard; Mary
Ryan.
Pope— 3000 West 19th street ; Frank A. Fucik.
Portage Park— 5330 Berteau avenue; Washington
D. Smyzer.
Prescott— 1632 Wrightwood avenue; Margaret S.
Fitch.
Pulaski— 2030 North Leavitt street; Anna C.
Goggin.
Pullman— 521 East 113th street; Daniel R. Martin.
Raster — 6936 South Hermitage avenue; David L.
Murray.
Raveuswood— 4322 North Paulina street; Josian
F. Kletzing.
Ray— 5631 South Kimbark avenue; Arthur O.
Rape.
Raymond— 3633 South Wabash avenue; John L.
Lewis.
Reilly— 3650 School street; Helen H. Robinson.
Revere— 7145 Ellis avenue ; Louise K. Stone.
Kiis— 1018 Lytle street; Cecilia B. Schimek.
Rogers— 1247 West 13th place; Alice A. Hogan.
Ryder— 8716 Wallace street ; Minnie M. Tallman.
Ryerson— 620 North Lawndale avenue ; Sarah A.
Kirkley.
Sabin— 2216 Hirsch street; Mary J. W. Boughan.
Sawyer Avenue— 5248 South Sawyer avenue; Rob-
ert G. Jeffrey.
Scanlon— 11725 Perry avenue ; Harriette T. Tread-
well.
Schiller— 700 Vedder street; Belle B. Murphy.
Schley— 1240 North Oakley avenue ; Minna S.
Heuermann.
Schneider— 3039 North Hoyne avenue; Elizabeth
E. Fisk.
Scott— 6435 Blackstone avenue ; William F. Cham-
berlain. •
Seward— 4600 South Hermitage avenue; Mary A.
Forkin.
Sexton, Austin O. — 641 East 60th street; John
A. Johnson.
Sexton. James A.— 1029 Wells street; Visa Me-
Laughlin.
Shakespeare — 4623 Greenwood avenue ; Walter H.
Comstock.
Shepard— 2839 Fillmore street; Katherine Cutler.
962
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Sheridan, Mark— 533 West 27th street; Augustus
R. Dillon.
Sheridan, Phil— 9001 Escanaba avenue; Edward
L. C. Morse.
Sherman— 5116 South Morgan street ; Levi T.
Regan. .
Sherwood— 245 West 57th street; Edmund B.
Smith.
Shields — 4250 South Rockwell street ; Edward
Wildeman.
Skinner — 1112 West Jackson boulevard; Caroline
Jane Utter.
Smyth— 1059 West 13th street; William R. Horn-
baker.
Spalding— 1623 Park avenue; Jane A. Neil.
Spencer— 214 North Lavergne avenue ; Harriet S.
Thompson.
Spry_2400 Marshall boulevard; William J. Fraser.
• Stewart — 4525 Kenmore avenue; Archibald O.
Coddington.
Stowe — 3444 Wabansia avenue ; Frank A. Larck.
Sullivan— 8255 South Houston avenue ; Anna F.
Mullay.
Sumner— 715 South Kildare avenue ; Edgar W.
Trout.
Swift— 5900 Winthrop avenue; Harriet A. Eck-
hardt.
Swirg— 1701 String street; Mary W. O'Keefe.
Talcott— 1850 West Ohio street; Herbert C. Han-
sen.
Taylor— 9913 Avenue J; Annie K. Sullivan.
Tennyson— 2800 West Fulton street; Gertrude
Corrigan.
Thorp, J. N.— 8915 Burley avenue; Henry D.
Hatch.
Thcrp, Ol« A.— 6329 Addison street; Mary E.
Marnell.
Tilton — 4150 West Randolph street; Bertha S.
Armbruster.
Trumbull— 1600 Foster avenue ; Helen R. Ryan.
University Avenue— 9125 University avenue ; Jessie
E. Black.
Vanderpoel— 9510 South Prospect avenue ; Cather-
ine A. Burke.
Van Vlissingen— 137 West 108th place; George A.
Brennan.
Von Humboldt — 1410 North Rockwell street;
Humphrey J. Moynihan.
Wadsworth— 6420 University avenue ; Isabel J.
Burke.
Walsh— 2015 South Peoria street ; Alfred E. Logie.
Ward— 2700 South Shields avenue ; Myra C. Bil-
lings.
Warren— 9210 Chappel avenue ; Edith P. Shepherd.
Washington— 1000 Grand avenue ; Luman Hewes.
Waters— 2519 Wilson avenue ; Esther E. Morgan.
Webster — 3315 Wentwo
Hogge.
Wells— 936 North Ashlt
Masslich.
Wentworth— 6950 South
E. McDade.
West Pullman— 11941 P
Pesta.
Whitney — 2815 Komensky
Whittier— 1900 West 23d
Wicker Park— 2032 Ever
Chase.
Willard-^1901 St. Lawrei
Yale — 7010 Yale avenue ;
Yates— 1849 North Rich
Daigger. —
CHICAGO PUBLIC S
Enroll- Teach-
Year. ment. ers.
1841... 410 ' 5
1842... 531 7
1843. . 808 7
1844. . 915 8
1845. . 1,051 9
1846. . 1,107 13
1847. . 1,317 18
1848. . 1,517 18
1849. . 1.794 18
1850. . d.919 21
1851. . 2,287 25
1852. . 2.404 29
1853. . 3,086 34
1854. . 3.500 35
1855. . 6,826 42
1856-7. 8.577 61
1858... 10,786 81
1859... 12,873 101
1860... 14,199 123
1861... 16.441 160
1862... 17.521 187
1863... 21,188 212
1864-5. 29.080 240
1866... 24.851 265
1867... 27.260 319
1868... 29.954 401
1869... 34.740 481
1870... 38.939 557
1871... 40.832 572
1872... 38.035 476
1873... 44.091 564
1874... 47,963 679
1875... 49.121 700
1876... 51.128 762
1877... 53.529 730
1878... 55,109 797
1879... 56.587 851
1880... 59,562 898
rth avenue; Alice M.
nd avenue ; George B.
Sangampn street; James
irnell avenue ; Bose A.
avenue ; M. J. Hevenor.
street ; Mary J. Rice,
jreen avenue ; Frank H.
ice avenue; Grace Reed.
Cyrus L. Harper.
nond street ; Blanca R.
CHOOL STATISTICS.
Enroll- Teach-
Year. ment. ere.
1881. . 63,141 958
1882. . 68,614> 1,019
1883. . 72,509 1.107
1884. . 76.044 1.195
1885. . 79.278 1,296
1886. . 83,022 1.440
1887. . 84.902 1,574
1888. . 89,578 1,663
1889. . 93.737 1.801
1890. .135.541 2.711
1891. .146.751 3,000
1892. .157,743 3,300
1893. .166,895 3,520
1894. .185.358 3.812
1895. .201,380 4,326
1896. .213,835 4.668
1897. .225.718 4,914
1898. .236,239 5.268
1899. .242,807 5,535
1900. .255,861 5,806
1901. .262.738 5.951
1902. .268.392 5.775
1903. .258,968 5,444
1904. .264,397 5,570
1905. .267,837 5.695
1906. .272.086 5,808
1907. .273.050 5,981
1908. .292.581 6.106
1909. .296,427 6,296
1910. .300,893 6.383
1911. .304.146 6.584
1912. .307.281 6.740
1913. .315,737 7,013
1914. .332.248 7,544
1915. .345,512 7,795
1916. .357.511 7.992
1917. .360,639 8,142
1918. .368,225 8.316
)LS.
rise specified.
Second year $1,515
Third year 1.630
SALARY SCHEDULES CHICAGO PUBLIC SCIHH
In force during fiscal year 1918. Per year unless others
SUPERINTENDENTS AND SUPEBVISOBS. | Heads of Departments.
Superintendent of schools $10,000 Firut. vt>->v «<> onn
Second year 2,350
Third year 2 500
Fourth year 1,745
Fifth year 1.860
Fourth year 2.650
Fifth year 2 800
Sixth year 1.975
Supervisor technical work in high
schools 4 000
Seventh year 2,090
Upper Group.
First year $2.205
Seventh year 3.100
Eitrhth year 3,250
Ninth year 3,400
Tenth year 3 550
Supervisor elementary manual training'. 4.500
Supervisor household arts 4,000
Supervisor schools for the blind 2,750
Second year 2,320
Third year 2,435
Fourth year 2.550
Fifth year 2,665
Eleventh year... 3,700
Twelfth year... 3,950
Instructors.
Lower Group.
First year 51,400
Sixth year 2.780
Director of child study 4.000
Seventh year 2.895
Eighth year 3,010
Ninth year 3,125
Supervisor teachers of music 3,250
Tenth year 3,200
Director special schools 4.500
Substitutes in the C
$5.00 per day for days i
HIGH S(
Principals.
First year $3,450
hiicago Normal receive
)f actual service.
3HOOLS.
Sixth year $4042
CHICAGO NOBMAL COLLEGE.
Principal, Chicago Normal collegre $5.500
Assistant to the principal, 8300 extra over
and above the regrilar schedule for heads of
departments.
Seventh year... 4.158
Eig-hth year 4,273
Ninth year 4,389
Tenth year 4.504
Eleventh year.. 4,629
Second year 3.580
Third year 3,696
Fourth year 3.811
Fifth year 3,927
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
903
Teachers — General
Certificate.
Lower Group.
First year $1,200
Second year 1.315
Third year 1.430
Fourth year. . . . 1.545
Fifth year 1,660
Sixth year 1,775
Seventh year.... 1,890
Upper Group.
First year 82,005
Second year 2,120
Third year 2,235
Fourth year 2.350
Fifth year 2,465
Sixth year 2.580
Seventh year 2,695
Eigrhth year 2.810
Ninth year 2.925
Tenth year 3.000
Teachers in High Schools Holding Limited Cer-
tificates as Teachers of a Modern Language,
Commercial Subjects, Manual Training, House-
hold Arts, Music or Physical Education.
Lower Group.
First year $1,200
Second year 1,257
Third year 1,315
Fourth year 1,372
Fifth year $1,430
Sixth year 1.487
Seveth year and
after 1.545
Teachers of Physical Education, Music, Art and
Manual Training in High Schools Holding
Limited Certif"ates.
Upper Group.
First year $1,660
Second year 1,775
Third year 1,890
Fourth year 2,005
Fifth year S.120
Sixth year $2,235
Seventh year... 2.3oO
Eigrhth year 2.465
Ninth and sub-
sequent years.. 2,575
Teachers in High Schools Holding Limited Cer-
tificates as Teachers of Modern Languages,
Commercial Subjects or Household Arts.
Upper Group.
First year $1,602
Second year 1,660
Third year 1,717
Fourth year 1.775
Fifth year $1,832
Sixth year 1,890
Seventh and sub-
sequent years. 2,000
Assistants to Principals — High Schools.
Assistants to principals are paid $300 extra
over and above the regular schedule for high
school teachers.
Deans of Girls in High Schools.
Deans of girls are paid $300 extra over and
above the regular schedule for high school
teachers.
Head of Branches — High Schools.
Teachers in charge of branches receive $150
extra.
Extra Teachers — High Schools.
Lower Group.
Fifth year... $1,072.50
Sixth year. . .1,127.50
Seventh year.. 1.182.50
First year ..... $852.50
Second year ... 907.50
Third year... 962.50
Fourth year. .1,017.50
Upper Group.
In schools with a membership below 1,000,
salary advance on the schedule.
First year ............................. $1.237.50
In schools with a membership between 1,000
and 1.500 advance on schedule.
Second year ........................... $1.292.50
In schools with a membership between 1.500
and 2.000 advance on schedule.
Third year ............................ $1.358.50
In schools with a membership over 2,000 ad-
vance on the schedule.
Fourth year ........................... $1,490.50
Teachers at the Parental School.
Lower Group.
Primary. Grammar.
First x-ear .................... $825 $850
Second year .................. 875 900
Third year ................... 925 950
Fourth year .................. 975 1.000
Fifth year .................... 1,025 1,050
Sixth year ................... 1.075 1.100
Seventh year ................. 1.125 1,150
Upper Group.
Eigrhth year .................. 1.175 1.200
Ninth year ................... 1.225 1.250
Tenth year ................... 1.285 1,310
Eleventh year ................ 1,405 1.430
Twelfth year ................. 1.525 1.550
Teachers at the parental school are employed
for 52 weeks in the year and are paid for
thirteen periods of four weeks each.
Military instructor at the parental school.
$25 per month extra.
Teachers at the Chicago and Cook County
School for Boys.
Lower Group.
Primary. Grammar.
First year $907.50
Second year 962.50
Third year 1.017.50
Fourth year 1.072.60
Fifth year 1.127.50
Sixth year 1.182.50
Seventh year 1.237.50
$935
990
1.045
1,100
1,155
1.210
1.265
Upper Group.
Eighth year 1.292.50 1,320
Ninth year 1.347.50 1,375
Tenth year 1,413.50 1,441
Eleventh year 1,545.50 1573
Twelfth year 1,677.50 1,705
Teachers at the Chicago and Cook County
School for Boys are employed for fifty-two
weeks in Ihe year and are paid for thirteen
periods of four weeks each.
Family Officers at the Parental School and the
Chicago and Cook County School for Boys.
Lower Group.
Men. Women.
First year $975.00 $660
Second year 1.007.50 660
Third year 1,040.00 660
Fourth year , 1.072.50 715
Fifth year 1,105.00 715
Sixth year 1.137.50 715
Seventh year 1,170.00 715
Upper Group.
Eig-hth year 1,202.50 715
Ninth year 1.235.00 715
Tenth year 1.267.50 715
Eleventh year 1,300.00 716
Twelfth year 1.332 .50 715
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.
Teachers of Art and Singing.
Placed on high school general schedule for
1918.
Principals Elementary Schools.
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $2,000 5 $2.600
2 2.15016 2,750
3 2.300 7 2.900
4 2.450 '
Must promote before advancing.
Five automatic upper group years.
11 $3.550
12 3.750
8 $3.100
9 3.250
10 3.400
Head Assistants.
($270 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $1.350 5 $
2 6
3
4
Five automatic upper group years.
11 $1.630
12 1.750
8 $1.400
9 1.450
10 1.510
Eighth Grade.
($125 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $1,200 5 $-.....
6
3.
4.
Five automatic i
8 $1.250
9 1.300
10 1,360
>per group years.
11 $1.480
12 1,600
904
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Teachers Elementary Schools.
Seven automatic lower group years..
1..
2...
3...
4...
Prim-
ary.
$775
825
875
925
Gram-
mar.
§800
850
900
950
Prim-
ary.
5 8975
6 1.025
7 1.075
Gram-
mar.
81.000
1,050
1.100
8.
9.
10.
1..
Five automatic upper group years.
il $1,355 $1.380
12 1.475 1.500
...$1,125 $1,150
... 1.175 1,200
... 1.235 1,260
Critic Teacher — Elementary Schools.
(8175 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
$950
1,000
3 1.050
4... .... 1,100
Five automatic upper group years.
5 $1,150
6 1.200
7 1.250
11 $1,530
12 1.650
8 $1,300
9 j.,350
10 1.410
Manual Training.
($310 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $1.0851 5 $1.285
2." .... 1,135 6 1.335
3 1,185 7 1,385
4 1,235*
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1.435
9 1,485
10 1.545
Physical Education.
($310 above primary.)
11 $1,665
12 1.785
Seven automatic lower group years.
5 $1,285
6 1,335
7 1,385
81.085
.' 1.135
3 1.185
4 1.235
Five automatic upper group years.
8 ...81.435 11 $1.665
9 . 1.485 12 1.785
lOi: 1.545
Household Arts— Elementary Schools.
($200 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 $975 -
1,025
3 1,075
4 1.125
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1,325 11 $1,555
— 12 1.675
$1,175
« 1,225
7 1,275
1,375
10........ 1.435
Crippled Children — Elementary Schools.
(Primary grade $150 above elementary; gram-
mar grade $150 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
Prim-
ary.
1 $925
2 975
3 1.025
4 1,075
Gram-
mar.
8925
1.000
1.050
1,100
Prim-
ary.
5 $1,125
6 1,175
7 1,225
Gram-
mar.
$1,150
1.200
1,250
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1,275 1.300 11 $1.505 $1,530
9 1.325 1,350 12 1.625 1.650
10 1,385 1,410
Deaf Children — Elementary Schools.
(Primary grade. $150 above elementary: gram-
mar grade. $150 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
Prim-
ary.
$925
975
1.025
1,075
Gram-
mar.
$050
1.000
1.050
1,100
Prim-
ary.
5 $1,125
6 1.175
7 1.225
Gram-
mar.
$1,150
1.200
1,250
Five automatic upper group years.
8
9
10...
Prim-
ary.
$1,275
1.325
1,385
Gram-
mar.
$1,300
1,350
1.410
11.,
12.,
Prim-
ary.
.$1,505
. 1,675
Gram-
mar.
1,530
1.65O
Blind and Defective Speech — Elementary
Schools.
($50 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
$825
875
925
975
5 $1.025
6 1.075
7 1,125
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1,175
9 1.225
10 1.285
11 81.405
12 1,525
Former Truants — Elementary Schools.
(8200 above primary.)
Seven automatic lower group years.
1 9975 5 81.175
2 1.025 6 1.225
3 1.075 7 1.275
4 1.125
Five automatic upper group years.
8 $1,325
9 1,375
10 1,435
11 $1,555
12 1.676
Open Air and Open Window, Prevocational,
Subnormal, Epileptic, Cook County Hospital
Elementary Schools.
($100 above primary.)
(Seven automatic lower group years.)
5 $1,075
6 1.125
7 1.175
8875
2 925
3 975
4 1.025
Five automatic upper group years.
8 81,225
9 1.275
10 1,335
11 $1,455
12 1,575
Evening Schools.
1st 2d 3d 4th
year. year. yea». year.
Elementary teachers. .$2.25 .$2.50 $2.75 $3.00
High school teachers. . 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
Principals 5.00 6.00 6.50 7.00
Principals of schools with an average attend-
ance of less than 300 lor the quarter shall not
advance beyond 86.
Principals of schools having1 less than 600
and more than 300 shall not advance beyond
the third year of the schedule, $6.50.
Principals of schools having1 an average at-
tendance of 600 or more may advance to the
fourth year of the schedule. $7.
Principals of schools having- an average at-
tendance of 1.000 or more, one-half or more
of which is made up of high school classes.
may advance to the fifth year of the schedule,
$8, after serving one year at the fourth year
of the schedule.
Substitutes receive same rate as regular
teachers.
Community Centers.
Principals $5.00 per night
Teachers 2.50 per night
Accompanists 2.50 per night
Cadets 1.00 per night
Vacation Schools.
Principals 88.00 per day
Teachers 4.00 per day
Teachers in open air schools. $25 .00 per week
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
905
CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOL FINANCES.
Statement of receipts and expenditures for the school year ending: June 30. 1918.
SCHOOL TAX BUILDING FUND.
Cash balance. June 30. 1917 . . $969.155.97
Receipts.
Tax levy. 1915 188,684.73
Tax levy. 1916 2.665,669.54
Tax levy, 1917 3.075,324.73
Sale of buildings 24,934.05
Rebates on special assessments. 2,181.80
Miscellaneous sales 5,480.73
Total > 6.931.431.55
Expenditures.
School sites 662.976.11
New buildings 2,517,795.34
Permanent improvements 425.346.01
Special assessments 87,799.05
General repairs 778,004.79
Rental of sites and buildings. . 69.788.36
Inspection division '. 22.236.88
Administrative expense 64,146.39
Total 4.628.092.93
Deferred charges —
Repair division 1,812.63
Supply stock 2.349.00
Suspense charges 1,417.13
Working fund 500.00
Total 4,634.171.69
Less amount distributed 784.16
Less amount credited to clearing 1,164.90
Less discounts 193.36
Total 4,632.029.27
Cash balance. June 30.1918 2,299.402.28
Total 6.931.431.55
EDUCATIONAL FUND.
Cash on hand. June 30. 1917... $43,496.97
Receipts.
Tax levy, 1915 384,752.44
Tax levy. 1916 5,506,847.28
Tax levy, 1917 6,766,233.72
Rental of school property 7,279.97
Rental of assembly halls 3.815.58
Sale of textbooks 17.224.36
Miscellaneous sales, etc / 3,788.10
Evening school registration fees. 14,627.00
Tuition fees — Summer high
schools 14,998.00
Tuition fees— Chicago normal ex-
tension 400.00
Sale of war savings stamps 3,858.03
General fund adjustment .01
From temporary loans 10,895,000.00
Total 22,662,321.46
Expenditures.
Business administration —
a. Salaries and wages 186.267.76
j. Office supplies 63,672.47
«• Contingent and miscellaneous. 29,480.79
Total 279.421.02
Educational administration —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 124,001.72
Civil service employes 113,199.60
;. Office supplies 25.727.78
Total 262,929.10
Normal college: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers,
regular 112,523.50
Teachers, summer session.... 8,845.76
Civil service employes 2,364.99
j. Educational supplies 3,035.42
k. Books, charts and globes 1,308.47
Total 128,078.13
Secondary day schools: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers,
regular day 2,326.507.05
Teachers, special activities. . 7,247.50
Civil service employes 1,632.66
874,696.45
6.095.92
27,733.17
i. Educational supplies.
k. Books, charts and globes. . . .
o. Educational equipment
Total "2,443,912.76
Elementary day schools: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 9.447,230.28
Civil service employes 3,193.71
b. Fees and compensation : Penny
lunch attendants 16,262.35
c. Communication and trans-
portation: Bus hire 36.723.03
Moving pianos 906.77
Carfare 3,625.15
Postage 20.00
;. Educational supplies .. 183,981.72
k. Books, charts and globes 36,670.20
o. Educational equipment .! . . 5,594.42
z. Contingent and miscellaneous 1,083.18
Total 9,735.290.81
Evening schools: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 209.971.52
Civil service employes 840.00
j. Educational supplies 14,632.98
k. Books, charts, and globes... 206.89
g. Contingent and miscellaneous. 1.553.60
Total 227.2041)9
Community centers: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 4,953.25
A. Film rentals 103.40
;'. Educational supplies 164.08
Total 5.220.73
Vacation schools: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 34.846.00
c. Excursions 201.20
j. Educational supplies 2,559.30
Total ., 37.606.50
Summer high schools: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 42,742.39
j. Educational supplies 85.57
Total
Parental school: instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers
Civil service employes
/• Educational supplies
k. Books, charts and globes....
o. Educational equipment
42.827.96
37.888.87
8.193.90
21,924.66
71.16
317.49
68,396.08
Total . .
Chicago and Cook county school for boys:
instruction —
a. Salaries and wages: Teachers 13,435.95
Civil service employes 3,633.49
j- Educational supplies 314.58
Total
Less amount
county . .
paid by Cook
Total
Normal college; operation—
0. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians
ff. Light
1. Fuel
m. School plant supplies
17,384.02
565.84
16,818.18
10,572.40
895.93
4,335.69
314.05
Total
Secondary day schools: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians
Light
16.118.07
213,086.04
38,380.8(5
0. Light 38.380.8(1
m. School plant supplies 9,040.90
Total . , 401,621.28
906
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Elementary day schools: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians and bathroom at-
tendants $1,146,787.59
c. Hauling: ashes 12,461.28
g. Light 64,502,26
h. Towels 10,787.60
1. Fuel 707.571.70
m. School plant supplies 48,540.21
Total 1.990.640.64
Evening- schools: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 25,914.29
0. Light 7.400.00
1. Fuel 15,513.70
Total 48.827.99
Community centers: operatipn —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodiahs 2,951.75
0. Light 1.217.00
1. Fuel 1,265.00
Total 5.433.75
Vacation schools: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer- '
custodians and bathroom at-
tendants 5,442.95
Summer high schools: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 1,571.40
Parental school: operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians and farm hands. 16,580.08
I. Fuel 10,727.96
m- School plant and farm sup-
plies 8,116.73
Total 35.424.77
Chicago and Cook county school for boys;
operation —
a. Salaries and wages: Engineer-
custodians 4,041.40
Contingent fund; operation —
z. Engineer-custodians, overtime
and extra cleaning, etc 44,451.27
Miscellaneous —
Interest on temporary loans. . 71.870.39
Pensions —
Teachers 141.227.85
Employes 12,379.83
Total 153,607.68
Total lor educational purposes. .16,026,757.84
Less amount charged to school
fund income 2,849,888.75
Less excess credits —
Printing plant and various
stocks 15,485.98
Storage fuel 56,399.10
Accounts payable 6,224.75
Adjustment accounts 3.00
Discount on purchases 492.68
Total 2,928,494.26
Total charged to educational
fund 13.098,263.58
Advances to principals and
teachers 1.678.55
Accounts receivable 5,914.28
Temporary loans paid 9,455,000.00
Cash balance, June 30, 1918. 101,465.05
Total 22,662,321.46
SCHOOL FUND INCOME.
Cash balance June 30. 1917.... $6.832.64
Receipts.
Rental of school fund property. 1,320,980.30
Tuition of nonresidents.
Interest on investments
Interest on deposits
10.407.00
56.018.34
8.872.22
State per capita tax 1,463,426.36
State appropriation for deal and
blind $33,541.47
Miscellaneous 642.93
2.893.888.62
Transferred from school tax edu-
cational fund 9,213,000.00
12.113.721.26
Expenditures.
Salaries of supts. and teachers:
Educational administration 124,001.72
Normal college 112,523.50
Secondary day schools 2,326,507.05
Elementary day schools 9,447.230.28
Parental 37,888.87
Chicago and Cook county school
for boys 13,435.95
12,061.587.37
18.612.77
School fund income
12,080.200.14
War training (reimbursable).... 1,301.38
Cash balance June 30, 1918 32,219.74
12.113.721.26
SCHOOL FUND PRINCIPAL ACCOUNT.
Cash on hand June 30, 1917 $61.19
Receipts.
30 sanitary district 4% bonds,
matured 30,000.00
Total 30.061.19
Expenditures.
10 U. S. 2d liberty loan 4%
bonds 30,000.00
Cash on hand June 30, 1918.... 61.19
Total 30.061.19
SPECIAL FUNDS INCOME ACCOUNT.
Cash on hand June 30. 1917.... $2.796.61
Receipts— Interest 1.705.60
Total 4.502.11
Expenditures '1.502.12
Cash on hand June 30. 1918 2.999.99
4.502.11
SPECIAL FUNDS. PRINCIPAL.
Receipts from matured bonds... $17.000.00
Expenditures — U. S. liberty loan
bonds $17.000.00
JONATHAN BURR FUND INCOME
ACCOUNT.
Cash on hand June 30, 1917 $666.10
Receipts from interest 1.259.48
Total 1,925.58
Expenditures, books and supplies 1.281.13
Cash on hand June 30. 1918 644.45
Total 1.925.58
EXPENDITURES FOR ELEMENTARY DAY
SCHOOLS BY FUNCTIONS.
0. Principals' Office — Teachers'
salaries $925,246.60
1. General Studies — Teachers'
salaries 7,150,585.26
Educational supplies 62,548.67
Educational equipment 947.00
7,214,080.93
2. Kindergartens— Teachers' sal-
aries 462.545.39
Educational supplies 7.376.64
469.922.03
3. Manual Training — Teachers'
salaries 248.479.22
Educational supplies 35.957.01
Educational equipment 1.937.37
286.373.60
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
907
4. Household Arts — Teachers'
$253.675.91
18. Modern Languages — Teach-
86 121 63-
27.900.44
Educational equipment
1.113.09
Educational equipment
1.421.21
5. Physical Education — Teach-
ers' salaries
282.689.44
92.792.65
3 204 73
21. Detention Home — Teachers'
salaries
17.183.56-
10.140.26
95 997 38
Educational supplies
150.07
8. Blind— Teachers' salaries
0,947.25
790.00
23. Crippled Children— Teachers'
10.290.33
Educational supplies
342.95
salaries
30.862.89-
8,080.20
Educational supplies
34.080.05i
2 996 22
9. Deaf — Teachers* salaries ....
51.074.87
Books, maps and globes
22 14
2.591.00
Educational supplies
333.55
67,967.30
54.599.42
24. Construction — Educational
supplies
17.357.30
10. Fund, textbooks
19.131.79
13 827 74
25. Correct Speech — Teachers?
salaries
11.361.44
12. Maps, globes and reference.
3 688 53
9.16
13. Anaemic — Teachers' salaries .
37,459.69
26. Art — Teachers* salaries
11,370.59
24 074 00
Educational supplies
175.44
Educational supplies
18,544.21
14. Subnormal — Teachers' sal-
aries
37.636.13
94.666.29
3 363.10
.27. Music— Teachers' salaries....
Civil service employes
42,618.21
18.970.00
2.340.00
98.059.39
Educational supplies
906.77
290 .00
Educational supplies
1,016.46
22.506.77
18 378 89
supplies rr.T.v."™
4 129 07
16. Epileptics — Teachers' salaries
4.269.50
235.00
29. Playgrounds — Attendants ....
30. Transportation of normal
853.71
Educational supplies
39.79
2,636.98
Four outer harbor sites along Chicago's lake
front were established by the city council Nov.
20. 1911. The ordinances provided for the follow-
ing districts:
No. 1 — From the mouth of the Chicago river
north to Chicago avenue and extending one mile
into Lake Michigan.
No. 2 — From the mouth of the Chicago river
south to Randolph street and extending one mile
into the lake.
No. 3 — From the south end of Grant park south
to 3ist street and extending one mile Into the
lake.
No. 4 — All of the Calumet river within the city
and all of Lake Calumet.
Feb. 7, 1912, the harbor and subway commission
submitted to the council committee on harbors,
wharves and bridges preliminary plans and
drawings for the initial development of "outer
harbor district No. 1." In this report the com-
mission stated that it had proceeded on the
theory that joint and parallel action by the fed-
eral government would be taken to protect the
initial piers recommended by thf> construction of
an adequate outer breakwater. The plan pro-
posed by the commission provided for the con-
struction of five piers extending eastward from
the shore line between the mouth of the Chicago
river and Chicago avenue, with a uniform length
for four ple^-s of 2,500 feet and one pier of 3.000
feet. At the election of April 3, 1912, a proposi-
tion to issue $5,000,000 in bonds for harbor con-
struction was approved by popular vote. It was
found, however, that the O'Connor harbor/ act
4,544.29 Total, elementary schools 9.735,290.81
MUNICIPAL PIER AND OUTER HARBOR.
contained a provision prohibiting the city from
acquiring title to property along the lake shore
line where it has been filled in or where the
riparian rights were in dispute. The harbor
law was re-enacted in amended form in June,
1913, by the legislature and in August of the
same year land along the lake shore between
Illinois and Ohio streets was acquired for $300,000,
and arrangements for building the first pie?
were made at once. Contracts were let and work
was actually begun March 16, 1914. The pier
was practically completed near the close of
1915, and was used in 1916.
The pier extends 3,000 feet Into the lake from
the foot of Grand avenue. It rests on a founda-
tion of concrete and piling, the superstructures
being of brick and steel. The headhouse, as the
building at the shore end of the pier is called,
contains the administration offices and the en-
trances to the two freight and passenger build-
ings. Each of these is two stories in height,
2,340 feet long and 100 feet in width. The upper
story is for passengers and the lower for freight.
Between these buildings, which stand parallel to
each other, is a roadway eighty feet in width.
Between each building and the outer line of the
dock is a six-foot dock. The total width of the
pier is 292 feet. On the outer end is a recrea-
tion building, 665 feet long, Containing a dance
and concert hall, restaurant and other features
of entertainment.
The total cost of the pier was Approximately
$3,400,000, not including engineering and inspec-
tion. It is municipally owned and operated.
WIDTH OF TIRES REQUIRED IN CHICAGO.
The wide tire ordinance passed by the Chicago
city council Feb. 4, 190S, requires that all four
wheeled vehicles shall have ti.es proportionate
to the load they carry, as follows:
Load. Tires, inches.
3.000 pounds or under 1%
Between 3,000 and 4,000 pounds 2
Between 4,000 and 6,000 pounds 2%
Tires, inches.
Load.
Between 6,000 and 8,000 pounds.
Between 8.000 and 10,000 pounds 3?
Between 10,000 and 14.000 pounds 4*
Between 14.000 and 18,000 pounds (
Over 18.-000 pounds 8
The width for two wheeled trucks is double.
908
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
MAP OF CHICAGO SHOWING WARD BOUNDARIES.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
909
Ward.
CHICAGO WARD BOUNDARIES.
As fixed by the redistricting ordinance of Dec. 4. 1911.
Ward.
1. Chicago river west and south of Wallace,
south to W. 25th. east to Princeton, south to
W. 28th-pl., east to S. Wells-st., south to W.
30th. east to \Ventworth-av., south to W. 31st,
east to Lake Shore right of way. north to W.
26th, east to S. Michigan-ay., north to B. 25th.
east to Indiana-av., south to E. 26th, east to
South Park-av., south to E. 31st, east to Lake
Michigan, north to river.
2. Lake Michigan and 31st-st., west to South
Park-av., north to E. 26th, west to Indiana-av.,
north to E. 25th, west to S. Michigan-av., south
to E. 26th, west to Lake Shore right of way,
south to W. 31st, west to Wentworth-av., north
to W. 30th, west to S. Wells-st., south to W.
33d, west to Stewart-av., south to W. 39th,
east to Cottage Grove-av., north to 38th, east
to Lake Michigan, north to 31st.
I. Lake Michigan and 47th. west to St. Law-
rence-av., south to E. 49th, west to S. State,
north to W. 43d, west to Princeton-av., north
to W. 39th, east to Cottage Grove-av., north
to E. 38th, east to Lake Michigan, southeast
to 47th.
4. Wallace and river west and south to W. 34th-
pi., east to S. Halsted. north to W. 34th, east
to Union-av., south to W. 35th. east to Wal-
lace, north to W. 33d. east to S. Wells-st.,
north to W. 28th-pl., west to Princeton-av.,
north to W. 25th, west to Wallace, north to
river.
B. From intersection of river and south fork
southwest along canal to W. 39th, west to S.
48th-av., south to W. 45th. east to S. Ashland-
av.. north to W. 43d. east to Princeton-av..
north to W. 39tb, west to Stewart-av., north to
W. 33d, west to Wallace, south to W. 35th,
west to Union-av.. north to W. 34th, west to
S. Halsted. south to W. 35th. west to south
fork of river and northwesterly to river.
6. Lake Michigan and E. 47th-st. west to St.
Lawrence-av., south to E. 49th, west to S.
State, south to E. 63d, east to South Park-av..
north to E. 60th, east to Lake Michigan, north-
west to 47th.
7. Lake Michigan and E. 60th-st., west to South
Park-av.. south to E. 63d, west to Stewart-av..
south to W. 66th. east to Harvard-av.. south to
W. 67th. east to Wentworth-av.. south to W.
71st. east to S. State, south to E. 75th, east to
Stony Islaud-av.. north to E. 73d, east to lake,
•jorthwest to E. 60th.
5. Lake Michigan and E. 73d-st., west to Stony
Island-av., south through Lake Calumet to city
limits, east to Indiana state line, north to lake
and northwest to E. 73d.
J. Stony Island-av. and E. 75th. west to S. State.
south to W. 79th, west to Wallace, south to
W. 84th, east to Stewart-av., south to W. 103d,
west to S. Halsted. south to W. lllth. west to
S. Peoria. south to W. 115th, west to Vln-
cennes-av., southwest to Lyon-av., east to 8.
Ashland-av., south to W. 123d. east to S.- Hal-
sted, south to city limits, east to Stony Island-
av. projected, and north to E. 75th.
10. S. Racine-av. and W. 12th, west to Loomis,
north to Taylor, west to S. Wood, south to W.
16th, east to S. Ashland-av., south to river.
northeast to S. Morgan, north to W. 18th. east
to S. Morgan, north to W. 16th. west to S.
Racine-av.. north to W. 12th.
11. S. Wood and Taylor, west to S. Oakley-bd..
south to W. 12th. west to P.. C.. C. & St. L.
R. R.. south to canal, northeast to S. Ashland-
av., north to W. 16th, west to S. Wood, north
to Taylor.
12. W. 12th and P.. C.. C. & St. L. R. R., west
to S. Kedzie-av., south to W. 19th, west to S.
Homan-av., north to Ogden-av., southwest to
Clifton Park-av.. south to W. 24th, west to S.
Central Park-av.. south to canal, northeast to
P.. C.. C. i& St. L. R. R.. north to W. 12th.
13. W. Washington-bd. and N. Oakley-bd., west
to N. 40th-av.. south to W. 12th. eiist to S.
Oakley-bd., north to W. Washington-bd.
14. W. Chicago-av. and N. Ashland-av., west to
N. 40th-av.. south to W. Washington-bd., east
to N. Ashland-bd.. north to W. Chicago-ay.
15. W. North-av., and N. Robey, west to N. St.
Louis-av.. south to W. Chicago-av., east to N.
Ashland-av.. north to W. Division, west to N.
Robey, north to W. North-av.
16. River and Fullerton-av.. west to N. Robey.
south to W. Division, east to river, northwest
to Fullerton-av.
17. River and W. Division, west to N. Ashland-
av., south to W. Kinzie. east to river, north-
west to W. Division.
18. River and W. Kinzie. west to N. Ashland-
av.. south to W. Washington-bd.. west to N.
Oakley-bd.. south to Taylor, east to S. Her-
mitage-av., north to W. Van Huron, east to
river, north to W. Kinzie.
19. River and W. Van Buren, west to S. Hermi-
tage-ay., south to Taylor, east to Loomis. soutb
to W. 12th. east to S. Halsted. north to Tay-
lor, east to S. Desplaines, south to DeKoven,
east to S. Jefferson, south to Bunker, east to
river, north to W. Van Buren.
20. River and Bunker, west to S. Jefferson, north
to DeKoven. west to S. Desplaines. north to
Taylor, west to S. Halsted, south to W. 12th,
west to S. Racine-av.. south to W. 16th, east
to S. Morgan, south to W. 18th. west to S.
Morgan, south to river, northeast to Bunker.
21. Lake Michigan and Fullerton-av., west to N.
Clark, southeast to Sedgwick. south to W. Divi-
sion, east to Orleans, south to river, east to
lake and north to Fullerton-av.
22. Menomonee and Sedgwick. west 'to Larrabee.
north to Center, west to Racine-av., south to
Clybourn-pl.. west to river, south and south-
east to Orleans, north to W. Division, west to
Sedgwick, nortli to Menomonee.
23. Cornelia-av. and Lake Michigan, west to
Southport-av.. south to Roscoe. east to Ra-
cine-av.. south to Fullerton-av., east to Shef-
fleld-av., south to Center, east to Larrabee,
south to Menomonee, east to Sedgwick, north
to N. Clark, northwest to Fullerton-av., east
to Lake Michigan.
24. Roscoe and Racine-avs., west to N. Western-
av.. south to Belmont-av., west to river, south-
east to Clybourn-pl.. east to Racine-av., nortb
to Center, east to Sheffleld-av.. north to Ful-
lerton-av., west to Racine-av.. north to Roscoe.
25. Lake Michigan and Rogers-av., southwest to
Howard, west to Ridge-rd., southeast to Dev-
on-av., east to N. Clark, southeast to South-
port-av., south to Cornelia-av., east to Lake
Michigan, northwest to Rogers-av.
26. Ridge-rd. and Howard, west to N. Kedzie-
av., south to Devon-av.. west to north shore
channel, south along channel and river to Bel-
mont-av., east to N. Western-av.. north to
Roscoe, east to Southport-av., north to N.
Clark, northwest to Devon, west to Ridge-rd..
northwest to Howard.
27. North shore channel and Devon-av., west to
N. Narragansett-av., thence along city limits
as established by annexation of Norwood Park
to Park Ridge-bd. on north and Highland-av,
on west, east and south to Bryn Mawr-av., east
to N. Maynard-av., south to Irving Park-bd.,
west to N. Harlem-av., south to Belmont-av..
east to N. Crawford-av.. south'to Fullerton-av.,
east to N. Central Park-av., north to Diversey-
av.. east to N. Franclsco-av.. north to Belmont-
av., east to river, northwest along river and
channel to Devon-nv.
28. River and Belmont-av.. west to N. Francisco-
av.. south to Diversey-av., west to N. Sacra-
mento-av.. south to W. North-av.. east to N.
Robey, north to Fullerton-av.. east to river,
northwest to Belmont-av.
29. S. Racine-av. and W. 43d, west to S. Ash-
land-av.. south to W. 45th. west to S. Clcero-
av., south to W. 51st, west and southwest to
910
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Ward.
S. 72d-av.. south to W. 59th. east to S. 60th-
av., south to W. 65th, east to S. Cicero-av.,
south to W. 69th, east to S. Hooey, south
to W. 71st. east to Loomis. north to W. 66th,
west to S. Wood, north to W. Garfleld-bd.,
east to Loomis, north to W. 47th, east to S.
Racine-av.. north to W. 43d.
.30. S. State and W. 43d. west to S. Racine-av..
south to W, 47th. west to Loomis. south to W.
Garneld-bd.. east to S. State, north to W. 43d.
31. S. State and W. Garfleld-bd.. west to S.
Wood, south to W. 66th. east to Loomis. north
to W. 63d. east to S. State, north to W. Gar-
field-bd.
32. Stewart-av. and W. 63d, west to Loomis.
south to W. 71st. west to S. Robey. north to
W. 69th. west to S. Cicero-av.. south to W.
87th. east to S. Western-ay., south to W. 99th.
west to Ogden-av. (Morgan Park), south to W.
115th, east to S. Western-av., south to Lyon-
av.. east to Vincennes-av.. northeast to Ray-
mond, east to S. Morgan, north to W. lllth.
•east to S. Racine-av.. north to W. 107th. east
to S. Halsted, north to W. 103d, east to Stew-
art-av., north to W. 84th. west to Wallace,
north to W. 79th. east to S. State, north to
Ward.
W. 71st. west to Wentworth-av., north to W.
67th, west to Harvard-av., north to W. 66th.
west to Stewart-av.. north to W. 63d.
33. Diversey and N. Sacramento-avs., west to N
Central Park-av.. south to Fullerton-av., west
to N. Crawtord-av.. north to Belmont-av., west
to N. Harlem-av., south to North-av., east to
S. Austin-ay. , south to Madison, east to N.
Laramie-av., north to W. Kinzie. east to N.
Kenton-av., north to North-av.. east to N.
Crawford-av.. north to Armltage-av., east to
Sacramento-av., nortl to Diversey-av.
34. S. Kedzle-av. and W. 12th. west to S. Ken-
ton-av.. south to W. 39th, east to canal, north-
east to S. Central Park-av.. north to W. 24th.
east to Clifton Park-av.. north to Ogden-av..
northeast to S. Homan-av., south to W. 19th.
east to S. Kedzie-av.. north to W. 12th.
35. N. Sacramento and Armitage-avs.. west to N.
Crawford-av., south to W. North-av.. west to
N. Kenton-av., south to W. Kinzie. west to N.
Laramie-av.. south to 'Madison, west to S. Aus-
tin-av.. south to W. 12th. east to S. Craw-
ford-av.. north to W. Chicago-av., east to St.
Louis-av., north to W. North-av.. east to Sac-
ramento-av.. north to Armitage-ar.
CHICAGO AT
Fort Dearborn established 1803
Fort Dearborn massacre Aug. 15, 1812
•Chicago surveyed and platted 1830
Cook county organized 1831
Town of Chicago incorporated August, 1833
City of Chicago incorporated March 4, 1837
First election held March 31, 1837
IFirst money panic 1837
First railroad opened 184S
Cholera epidemic 1854
Second money panic 1857
Great fire (loss $200,000,000) Oct. 8-9, 1871
Third financial panic 1873
•City incorporated under general law. April 23, 1875
.Savings bank crash 1877
World's Fair held 1893
•Centennial celebrated Sept. 26-30, 1903
Iroquois theater fire Dec. 30, 1903
Eastland disaster July 24. 1915
•Population July 1. 1918 (es^.)— 2,596,681.
Appropriations, all purposes (1918)— $69,522,128.27.
Area in square miles— 200.371.
Assessed valuation, total all property (1917) —
$1,062,959,802 (one-third actual value).
Assets, fixed (1917)— $200,357.923.27.
Asylums— 127.
Banks, national, state and private — 168.
Boulevards, mile?ge of— 62.
'Cemeteries, number of— 59.
Churches, chapels and missions— 1,200.
Clearings by associated banks (1917)— $24,974,-
974.478.
Debt (gross funded)— $34,633.500.
Dispensaries — 22.
Elevation — Above sea level, 600 feet ; above Lake
Michigan, 19 feet.
Employes on city pay rolls (1917)— 32.342.
Expense, municipal (1917)— $76,918,788.65.
Exports, direct (1917)— $4,413.790.
Firemen, number of. including officers— 2,027.
Fire alarm boxes— 2.135.
A GLANCE.
Fireboats — 6.
Fire engines — 125.
Fire engine companies — 125.
Fire hook and ladder companies— 34.
Hospitals— 84.
Imports of merchandise (1917)— $29,825.892.
Internal revenue collected in Chicago district
(1918)— $304,374,930.33.
Latitude — N. 41 deg. 53 min. 6 sec.
Length of city, north to south, miles— 26.
Libraries— 30.
Lights, street, In service — 51,630.
Longitude — 87 deg. 38 min. 1 sec. west.
Mail carriers (1918)— 2,189.
Mail, pieces of, handled, fiscal year (1918)— 2,-
024,142.260.
Manufactures in 1914, value of product— $1,482,-
814,000.
Medical schools— 29.
Newspapers and periodicals — 820.
Parks, area of public, in acres— 3,949.
Police force, all branches — 5,277.
Postal receipts, year ending June 30, 1918 — $31,-
107,476.25.
Postal savings banks depositors (1918)— 25,179.
Pupils enrolled in public schools (1918)— 368,225.
Railroads (divisions not included) entering Chi-
cago—27.
Revenue, municipal (1917)— $80,590,839.39.
Saloons, number of (Nov. 1, 1918)— 5,693.
Schools, public, number of — 296.
Street, longest (Western avenue), miles — 23%.
Street railway mileage— 1.350.
Streets and alleys, total mileage — 4.824.
Teachers in public schools, number of — 8.316.
Tonnage of vessels cleared in 1917—10.948,048.
Value (actual) of re^l estate and personal prop-
erty (1917)— $3,188,879,406.
Water used in a year (1917), gallons— 234,132,-
030.000.
Width of city, east to west— 9 miles.
CHICAGO INTERNAL
Collections in first district, Illinois, for fiscal
year ended June 30. 1918. [From report of
Julius F. Smietanka, internal revenue collec-
tor.]
Income tax $251,576.061.33
Beer stamps 10.321.102.88
Documentary stamps 2,391.360.26
Wine and cordial stamps • 48,685,76
Tobacco stamps 2.753.766.49
Snuff stamps 947.815.25
Cig-ar stamps 855,160.37
Cig-arette stamps 2.436.32
Spirits stamps 2,217,240.23
Oleomargarine stamps 646.962.59
Butter stamps 14.337,63
REVENUE RECEIPTS.
Special tax
Opium orders
Playing1 cards
Capital stock tax
Sales Tax — Beverages
Sales Tax— Utilities and Ins .
Sales Tax — Add. and Dues ....
Sales Tax — Commodities
Floor Tax on spirits
Floor Tax on tobacco, etc
Estate tax
Penalties, etc
$523,505.59
493.50
27.874.71
2,036,331.81
462.234.98
13,047,027.36
1.871.784.91
1,639,473.69
10.260,529.17
203.561.04:
2.052.570.98
474.613.48
Total 304.374.930.33
Total. 1917 42,330,963.61
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
911
RULES OF THE ROAD FOR MOTOR AND OTHER VEHICLES.
[From Chicago police ordinances.]
All vehicles shall keep as close to the right
hand curb as prudence and safety shall permit,
except when overtaking and passing another ve-
hicle and except when running within car tracks.
An overtaken vehicle must at all times be passed
on Its left side, except that in case of motor ve-»
hides and motorcycles passing street cars or
other vehicles when running within the car
tracks ; in such case such motor vehicle or
motorcycle shall not turn to the left into the
track reserved for street cars and vehicles mov-
ing in the opposite direction, but shall pass to
the right of such street car or vehicle so over-
Vehicles upon overtaking any street car which
is stopped for the purpose of discharging or
taking on passengers must not approach nearer
than ten feet of it nor pass it while it is so
stopped.
No vehicle, unless in charge of a driver, is per-
mitted to stand more than 30 minutes in any
street or alley in the district bounded by Lake
street, Wabash avenue, Harrison and Market
stEuets.
Mutilers and horns or bells are required on all
automobiles and motorcycles. Light showing
license number to be controlled from outside.
Headlights must not be so bright as to dazzle
or confuse.
No vehicle shall proceed at a speed greater
than the law allows and which is safe and proper
under the conditions obtaining. The state law
Erohibits a speed greater than ten miles an
our in business and fifteen miles an hour in
residence districts of cities and villages.
No vehicle shall cross any street at a speed
exceeding one-half its legal speed.
No vehicle shall emerge from any alley, stable
or garage at a pace faster than a walk.
On all thoroughfares the heavy and slow mov-
ing vehicles shall, as far as conditions permit,
keep to the right, to allow the rapid moving and
lighter traffic to proceed independently.
A vehicle meeting another shall turn to the
right.
A vehicle turning into another street to the
right shall turn the corner as near the right
hand curb as possible.
A vehicle turning into another street to the
left shall circle around the center of the street
intersection.
A vehicle crossing from one side of the street
to the other shall keep to the right.
No vehicle shall stop with the left side to the
curb.
No vehicle shall stand backed up to the curb
except when actually loading or unloading.
No vehicle shall, except in emergencies, stop
in any street or highway except near the right
hand curb so as not to obstruct a crossing.
No vehicle shall back to make a turn in any
street if by so doing it interferes with other ve-
hicles, but shall go around the block or to a
street wide enough to turn in without blocking
the traffic.
Vehicles will enter north and south alleys and
all L-shaped alleys from the north and leave
from the south ; east and west alleys from the
east and leave from the west.
Horse drawn vehicles have the right of way
over power driven vehicles, street cars excepted.
Motor vehicles are not permitted to stand with-
in fifteen feet of a hydrant.
No private vehicle shall be permitted to stand
or use the space in a public stand except to
receive or discharge passengers or merchandise.
No driver of a public vehicle shall seek em-
ployment by repeatedly driving his vehicle to
and fro in a short space before any theater,
hotel, railway station, boat landing or other
place of public gathering. Any driver may so-
licit employment by driving through any public
street without stops other than those due to
obstructions to traffic and at such speed as
not to interfere with traffic, and he may pass
and repass theaters, hotels, etc., but must go
at least two blocks before turning back.
Loading Zones.
Loading zones at which vehicles may stop for
the purpose of loading or unloading merchandise
destined for or received from near by buildings
have been established at the following places:
West curb of North State north of Randolph.
West curb of North State north of Washington.
East curb of Dearborn south of Madison.
East curb of Dearborn south of Washington.
East curb of Dearborn south of Randolph.
West curb of Clark north of Madison.
West curb of Clark north of Monroe.
East curb of LaSalle south of Madison.
East curb of LaSalle south of Washington.
North curb of Randolph east of Dearborn.
North curb of Washington east of Dearborn.
North curb of Washington east of Clark.
North curb of Washington east of LaSalle.
North curb of Madison east of Dearborn.
North curb of Madison east of Clark.
North curb of Madison east of LaSalle.
South curb of Monroe west of Clark.
South curb of Monroe west of Dearborn.
The loading zones are the spaces between the
curbs and the nearest street car tracks for a
distance of not to exceed 100 feet from the corner
lot line. Vehicles in passing through loading
zones shall do so in single file and keep as close
as possible to the curb on the right.
Vehicles Standing on Street.
No vehicle shall be permitted to stand con-
tinuously in one place in any public street or
alley in the city of Chicago within the district
bounded on the north by the north line of Lake
street, on the east by the east line of Wabash
avenue, on the south by the south line of Harri-
son street and on the west by the west line of
Market street between the hours of 6 a. m. and
7 p. m. for a longer period than 30 minutes,
except at public vehicle stands.
No vehicle shall be permitted to stand on any
public street or alley in the city of Chicago
upon which street cars are operated within the
district bounded on the north by the north line
of Lake street, on the east by the east line
of Wabash avenue, on the south by the south
line of Van Buren street and on the west by
the west line of Market street during the hours
from 7 a. m. to 10 a. m. and from 4 p. m. to
7 p. m. for a longer period at any one time
than will be necessary for such vehicle to load
or unload its occupants, baggage or merchandise.
Public Vehicle Stands.
1. South side of Randolph from LaSalle to
Clark.
3. North side of Washington from Garland court
to Michigan avenue.
4. North side of Washington from Clark to
LaSalle.
5. South Side of Madison from Wabash to
Michigan avenue.
6. South side of Madison from Clark to Dear-
born.
7. North side of Madison from Clark to La-
Salle.
10. South side of Adams from Michigan avenue
to Wabnsh.
11. South side of Quincy from Dearborn to State
(sightseeing cars only).
12. South side of Van Buren from Michigan ave-
nue to Wabash.
14. South side of Congress from State to Wnbash.
15. North side of Harrison from Wells to Frank-
lin.
16. North side of 8th street from State to Wa-
17. South side of 8th street from State to Wa-
bash.
18. North side of Park row from Michigan ave-
nue to Illinois Central.
19. West side of Wabash from Randolph to first
alley north.
20. West side of Wabash from Congress to Har-
rison.
21. West side of Plymouth court from Polk to
300 feet north.
912
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
28.
West side of Plymouth court from Jackson
to 100 feet south.
West side of Dearborn from Randolph to
Washington.
West side of Dearborn from 150 feet north of
Van Buren to 50 feet south of Jackson.
West side of Clark from Hotel Sherman to
Lake.
West side of Clark from 50 feet south of
Randolph to Washington.
East side of Clark from 100 feet south of
Madison to Monroe.
East side of Clark from Jackson to Adams
(sightseeing cars only).
East side of LaSalle from Madison to alley
north.
West side of LaSalle from 50 feet south of
Monroe to 50 feet north of Adams.
West side of LaSalle from Jackson to Van
Buren.
East side of Canal from Madison to Wash-
ington.
North side of 35th street from 100 feet east
of Shields to 240 feet east.
North side of 35th street from 350 feet east
of Shields to 300 feet east.
North side of 39th street from Cottage Grove
to 50 feet east.
North side of Addison from Clark to 50 feet
east.
North side of Addison from 150 feet east
of Clark to 200 feet fast.
East side of Broadway from Wilson to 200
feet south.
56. East side of Calumet from 51st street to 50th
street.
57. West side of Canal from Adams to Monroe.
58. East side of Canal from 119 feet south of
Madison to 334 feet south.
59. East side of Canal from 119 feet north of
Adams to 140 feet north.
60. East side of Clarendon from north and south
of main entrances to beach to 175 feet south
and 100 feet north thereof.
61. East side of Clarendon from Wilson to 150
feet north.
62. East side of Clark from North avenue to 250
feet south.
63. West side of Clark from 20 feet south of
Division to 250 feet south.
64. East side of Clark from Broadway to 150
feet north.
65. East side of Cottage Grove from 39th street
to alley 130 feet north.
66. East side of Cottage Grove from 100 feet
south of 63d to 64th street.
67. West side of Indiana from 39th street to 184
feet south.
68. S^uth side of Madison from Kedzie to 260
feet east.
69. South side of Ohio from Rush to Cass.
70. East side of Robey from North avenue to
85 feet north.
71. East side of Shields from 35th street to 225
feet north.
Parking for Automobiles.
The only free parking place for automobiles
in Chicago is in Grant park, across from Van
Buren street.
Ordinances for a new union passenger station
and new freight terminals on the west side were
passed by the city council March 23, 1914, after
many months of investigation and consideration.
Under the ordinances the union passenger sta-
tion, to be occupied by the Pennsylvania, Bur-
lington, Alton and St. Paul railroads, is to be
located on the block bounded by Canal, Adams,
Clinton and Jackson streets. Under Canal street
there will be a subway connecting a large con-
course on the east of that thoroughfare with the
station. Sixteen passenger tracks will lead to
the south and ten to the north. This part of the
passenger terminal will reach practically from
Carroll avenue on the north to 12th street on the
south. The Pennsylvania freighthouses will be
located immediately north of 12th street and ex-
tend to Taylor street, while the Burlington
freighthouses will be between Harrison and
Taylor streets and near Canal street. In ex-
change for rights in certain streets the railroads
agreed to make improvements as follows:
Improvements. Cost.
Viaduct, Monroe street ~ $100,000
Viaduct, 12th street 270.000
Viaduct, Congress street 300,000
Viaducts. 14tu and 16th streets 400,000
Viaducts, Taylor, Polk, Harrison, Van
Huron, Jackson, Adams, Madison, Ran-
dolph and Lake streets 1,760.000
Elevated roadway. Canal and Kinzie
streets 650,000
Revamping of Canal street, Washington
to 12th street 2,375,000
Total 5,855,000
To fit in with these improvements the city
agreed to the following improvements at the costs
estimated :
Bridge, Monroe street $500,000
Double decked bridge, Kinzie street 600,000
Land to widen Canal street to 100 feet.. 760.. 753
Total 1,860,753
In addition, the roads agreed to pay $1,511.000
in cash compensation.
The total cost to the railroads of the improve-
ments under the terminal ordinances was esti-
mated at $65,000,000, exclusive of money previous-
ly paid for land.
NEW UNION RAILWAY STATION.
Feb. 19, 1915, the city council passed an ordi
nance providing for the vaca
pas;
tion
of certain
streets and alleys in connection with the Balti
more & Ohio freight terminal ordinance, making
it possible for that road to vacate part of its
old yards, which are needed for the new union
terminal. The city, in payment for the streets
and alleys surrendered to the railroad company,
received $111,304.77.
Work on the union terminal was begun Feb. 22,
1915. It consisted of preparing for the new
freiRhthouses of the Pennsylvania company.
Later, work was completed on some of the street
Changes made necessary by the plans. Little or
no work was done in 1918 owing to restrictions
placed on building by the government on account
of the war.
ILLINOIS STATE ASSOCIATIONS.
Anti-Saloon League — Headquarters, 1200 Se-
curity building1, 189 West Madison street.
Chicago; superintendent, F. Scott McBride.
Bar Association — President. Walter L. Pro-
vine, Taylprville; secretary, R. Allen Stef-
fens. Danville.
Charities and Correction — President. W. S.
Reynolds. Chicago; secretary. A. L. Bowen,
Spring-field.
Civil Service Reform Association — President, A.
S. Lecke, Joliet; secretary. E. R. Blackwood.
312. 35 North Dearborn street. Chicago.
Equal Suffrage Association — President. Mrs.
Grace Wilbur Trout, Oak Park; correspond-
ing- secretary, Mrs. Edward S. Stewart, Chi-
cago.
Federation of Women's Clubs — President. Miss
Jessie Spafford. Rqckford: g-eneral secretary,
Mrs. Charles H. Zimmerman. Chicag-o.
Illinois Congress of Mothers and Parent
Teachers' Associations — President, Mrs. Harry
L. Fleming-. Bloomingrton ; auditor. Mrs.
Florence M. Kiser. Chicago.
Illinois Daily Press Association — President,
John Sundine. Moline; secretary, Georg-e
Shaw. Dixon.
Illinois Humane Society — President. John li.
Shortall: secretary. George A. H. Sc9tt: of-
fice. 1145 South Wabash avenue. Chicago.
Illinois State Medical Association — President.
Dr. J. Warren Van Derslice. Oak Park; sec-
retary. Dr. W. H. Gilmore, Mount Vernon.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
913
CHICAGO ELEVATED RAILROAD STATIONS.
LOOP STATIONS. 11. Sacramento-bd.
20. Central street.
1. Adams and Wabash.
7. Madison and Wells.
12. Kedzie avenue.
21. Austin avenue.
?. Madison and Wabash.
8. Quincy and Wells.
13. St. Louis avenue.
22. Lombard avenue.
3. Randolph and Wa-
9. LaSalle and Van
14. Garfleld park.
23. Gunderson avenue.
bash.
Buren.
15. Crawford avenue.
24. Oak Park avenue.
4. State and Lake.
10. Dearborn and Van
16. Tripp avenue.
25. Home avenue.
5. Clark and Lake.
Buren.
17. Kilbourn avenue.
26. Harlem avenue.
6. Randolph and Wells.
11. State & Van Buren.
18. Cicero avenue.
27. Hannah street.
Transfer Stations on the Loop.
19. Laramie avenue.
28. Desplaines avenue.
1. Adams and Wabash. 1 3. Randolph and Wells.
Douglas Park Branch.
2. Clark and Lake. r4. State and Van Bureu.
1. Polk street.
13. Lawndale avenue.
NORTHWESTERN ELEVATED RAILROAD.
2. 12th street.
14. Crawford avenue.
Main Line and Evanston Division.
3. 14th place.
15. Kildare avenue.
1. Kinzie street.
22. Wilson avenue.
4. 18th street.
16. Kenton avenue.
2. Chicago avenue.
3. Oak street.
23. Argyle avenue.
24. Bryn Mawr avenue
5. Wood street.
6. Hoyne avenue.
17. 48th avenue.
18. 50th avenue.
4. Division street.
5. Schiller street.
6. Sedgwick street.
7. Larrabee street.
8. Halsted street.
9. Willow street.
10. Center street.
(Edgewater).
25. Thorndale avenue.
26. Granville-av. (North
Edgewater station).
27. Loyola avenue.
28. Rogers Park.
29. Birchwood avenue.
7. Western avenue.
8. California avenue.
9. Douglas park.
10. Kedzie avenue.
11. Homan avenue.
12. Clifton Park avenue.
Logan Squc
19. 52d avenue.
20. 54th avenue.
21. 56th avenue.
22. 58th avenue.
23. Austin avenue.
24. 62d avenue.
ire Branch.
11. Webster avenue.
30. Howard street.
1. Madison street.
6. Robey street.
12. Fullerton avenue.
31. Calvary.
2. Lake street transfer.
7. Western avenue.
13. Wrightwood avenue.
32. Main street.
3. Grand avenue.
8. California avenue.
14. Diversey boulevard.
33. Dempster street.
4. Chicago avenue.
9. Logan square.
15. Wellington avenue.
34. Davis street.
5. Division street.
16. Belmont avenue.
35. Foster street.
Humboldt P
ark Branch.
17. Clark street.
36. Noyes street.
1. Western avenue.
4. Kedzie avenue.
18. Addison street.
37. Central street.
2. California avenue.
5. Ballou street.
19. Grace street.
38. Isabella street.
3. Humboldt park.
6. Lawndale avenue.
20. Sheridan road.
39. Linden avenue.
Transfer Point Between Metropolitan and
21. Buena Park.
Oak Park.
Bavenswoo
1. Southport avenue.
2. Paulina street.
3. Addison street.
d Branch.
7. Robey street.
8. Western avenue.
9. Rockwell street.
Lake street transfer.
Stub Terminal Station.
Wells' street and Van Buren.
4. Irving Park-bd.
10. Francisco avenue.
CHICAGO & OAK PARK ELEVATED STA-
5. Montrose boulevard.
11. Kedzie avenue.
TIONS.
6. Ravenswood.
12. Kimball avenue.
1. Clinton street.
15. Hamlin avenue.
Stub Terminal Station.
2. Halsted street.
16. Crawford avenue.
North Water and Clark streets.
3. Morgan street.
17. Kostner avenue.
SOUTH SIDE ELEVATED RAILROAD.
4. Ann street.
18. Cicero avenue.
Main Line and Jackson Park Division.
5. Sheldon street.
19. Laramie avenue.
1. Congress & Wabash.
15. 55th street.
6. Ashland avenue.
20. Central avenue.
2. 12th street.
16. 58th street.
7. Lake street transfer.
21. Menard avenue.
3. 18th street.
17. 61st street.
8. Robey street.
22. Austin avenue.
4. 22d street.
18. South Park avenue
9. Oakley boulevard.
23. Lombard avenue.
5. 26th street.
and 63d street.
10. Campbell avenue.
24. Ridgeland avenue.
6. 29th street.
19. Cottage Grove ave-
11. California avenue.
25. Oak Park avenue.
7. 31st street. •
nue and 63d street.
12. Sacramento-bd.
26. Wisconsin avenue.
8. 33d street.
20. University avenue
13. Kedzie avenue.
27. Forest Park.
9. 35th street.
and 63d street.
14. Garfleld park.
10. 39th street.
21. Dorchester avenue
Transfer Station Between Oak Park and
11. Indiana avenue.
and 63d street.
Metropolitan.
12. 43d street.
22. Stony Island avenue
Lake street transfer.
13. 47th street.
and 63d street (Jack-
Stub Stations.
14. 51st street. son park).
Englewood Branch.
1. State street. 5. Parnell-av. & 63d-st.
1. Market and Randolph streets.
2. Madison and Market streets.
2. Wentworth avenue.
3. Princeton avenue.
6. Halsted and 63d-sts.
7. Racine avenue.
LEADING MOTHER TONGUES IN
4. Harvard and 63d-sts.
8. Loomis street.
ILLINOIS (1910).
Normal Park Branch*
[Government census report.]
1. 65th street.
3. 69th street.
Tongue. N umber.
Tongue. Number.
2. 67th street.
English* 686,146
Russian 4.036
Kenwooc
1. Grand boulevard.
2. Vincennes avenue.
! Branch
Drexel boulevard.
4. Ellis & Lake Park-av.
German 981,956
Ruthenian 1.299
Slovenian 16,713
Dutcht 34,412
Flemish 10, 525
Serbo-Croatian.. 16,151
3. Cottage Grove and
5. 42d place.
Swedish 236,023
Bulgarian 2,618
Stockyards Branch.
Norwegian 71,308
Slavic! 3,772
1. Wallace street.
5. Swift.
Danish 38.305
Lithuanian!! .... 12,767
2. Halsted street.
6. Packers avenue.
Italian 119.132
Yiddish** 117,153
3. Exchange avenue.
7. Armour.
French 55,837
Magyar 19,795
4. Morris.
Spanish 1.853
Finnish 3,3»9
Stub Terminal Station.
Portuguese • 1,448
Armenian 1,564
Congress and State streets.
Roumanian 3,039
Syrianft 1.575
THE METROPOLITAN ELEVATED RAILWAY.
Greek .. . 11831
Turkish 433;
Main Line and Ga*t^a^f^ "Pn*if 7?«vT-n/»/)
Polish 274,661
Albanian 75
•*
Bohemian! . 124,225
1. Franklin street.
6. Marshnelu avenue.
Slovak 2o!915
tnim-upa 2.92(5.407
2. Canal street.
3. Halsted street.
8. Hoyne avenue.
•Includes Celtic, tlncludes Frisian. Jlncludes
4. Racine avenue.
9. Western avenue.
Moravian. §Not specified. fllncludes Lettish.
6. Lsillin street.
10. California avenue.
* 'Includes Hebrew, ttlncludes Arabic.
914
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO STREET NUMBERING GUIDE.
Numbers on the north and south streets where
1300 Kimbark-av.
1200 Racine-av.
they are intersected by the principal east and
1334 Kenwood-av.
1248 Elizabeth.
west streets and numbers on the east and west
1400 Dorchester-av.
131)0 Throop.
streets where the£ are intersected by the prin-
1434 Dante-av.
1400 *Southport-ay.
cipal north and south streets are given here-
1500 Blackstone-av.
1401 Looinis.
with. Numbered streets are omitted, as their
1600 Stony Island-av.
1408 Sheldon.
location is indicated by their names.
1631 Cornell-ay.
1448 Bishop.
North from Madison.
1 Madison.
100 Washington.
150 Randolph.
>500 Catalpa-av.
5600 Bryu Mawr-av.
5700 Hollywood-av.
5730 Edgewater-av.
1700 East End-ay.
1735 Ridgeland-av.
1800 Cregier-av.
1300 Baldwin-av.
1934 Euclid-av.
1501 Laflin.
1600 Ashland-bd.
1700 Paulina.
1734 Hermitage-ay.
1800 Wood.
200 Lake.
300 South Water.
400 Kiuzie.
430 Austin-ay.
600 Illinois.
630 Grand-av.
600 Ohio.
630 Ontario.
660 Erie.
700 Huron.
730 Superior.
800 Chicago-ay.
848 Chestnut.
867 Brenan-st.
920 Locust.
940 Walton-pi.
1000 Oak.
1100 Maple.
1149 Elm.
1200 Division.
1300 Goethe.
1400 Schiller.
5900 Thorudale-av.
5938 Ridge-av.(at Clark)
6000 Petersou-av.
6100 Norwood-av.
6200 Granville-av.
6300 Rosemout-av.
6400 Devon-av.
6700 North Sliore-av.
6800 Pratt-av.
6900 Farwell-av.
6944 Morse-ay.
7000 Lunt-av.
7100 Estes-av.
7200 Kenilworth-av.
7300 Chase-ay.
7400 Juniata-st.
7500 Birchwood-av.
7S48 Howard.
7548 City limits.
South from Madison.
1 Madison.
2000 Jeffery-ay.
2100 Cahokla-av.
2200 Pax"ton-av.
2300 Crandon-av.
2400 Yates-av.
2500 Essex-av.
2600 Colfax-av.
2700 Marquette-av.
2800 Burnham-av.
2900 Escanaba-av.
3000 Commercial-ay.
3100 Baltimore-av.
3200 Brandon-ay.
3300 Buffalo-av.
3400 Green Bay-ay.
West from State.
1 State.
50 Dearborn-st.
100 Clark.
150 LaSalle.
200 Wells.
1835 Honore.
1900 Lincoln.
1935 Winchester-ay.
2000 Robey.
2035 Seeley-ay.
2100 Hoyne-av.
2200 Leavitt.
2300 Oakley-bd.
2400 Western-av.
2500 Campbell-ay.
2600 Rockwell.
2700 Washtenaw-ay.
2SOO California-av.
2900 Franciseo-av.
3000 Sacramento-ay.
3100 Albany-ay.
3200 Kedzle-ay.
3300 Spaulding-ay.
3356 Homan-av.
3501 St. Louis-ay.
3553 Central Park-ay.
3800 Hamlin-av.
1500 Burton-pi.
1536 Germania-pl.
1600 North-ay.
1700 Eugenie.
1800 Menomonee.
1900 Wisconsin.
100 Monroe.
200 Adams.
232 Quincy.
300 Jackson-bd.
400 Van Buren.
500 Congress.
300 Franklin.
300 'Franklin.
340 'Orleans.
350 Market.
400 'Sedgwick.
412 The river.
3900 Springfield-ay.
4000 Crawford-ay.
4100 Karlov-av.
4200 Keeler-av.
4300 Kildare-av.
4400 Kostner-av.
2000 Center.
2100 GarQeld-av.
2200 Webster-av.
2300 Belden-av.
2400 Fullerton-pky.
2460 Arlington-pi.
2473 Roslyn-pl.
2501 St. James-pi.
2530 Demiug-pl.
2600 Wrightwood-ay.
2701 Sherman-pi.
2800 Dlversey-pky.
2901 York-i>l.
2932 Oakdale-av.
600 Harrison.
700 East 7th.
800 Polk.
900 East 9th.
1000 Taylor.
1100 East llth.
East from State.
(North of river.)
1 State.
40 Cass.
100 Rush.
112 Tower-ct.
140 Lincoln Park-bd.
434 'Townsend.
460 'Milton-ay.
500 Canal.
530 'Larrabee.
540 Clinton.
600 Jefferson.
640 Desplaines.
700 Union.
700 'Orchard.
800 Halsted.
839 Green.
900 Peoria.
932 Sangamon.
4500 Kilbourn-ay.
4600 Kenton-av.
4700 Kilpatrlek-ay.
4800 Cicero-av.
4900 Lamon-av.
5000 Lavergne-ay.
5100 Leclaire-av.
5200 Laramie-av.
5234 Latrobe-av.
5300 Lockwood-ay.
5334 Lorel-av.
5400 Long-av.
5440 Lotus-ay.
3000 Welllngton-av.
3100 Barry-av..
3200 Belmont-av.
201 St. Clair.
300 Fairbunks-ct.
326 «Lake Shore drive.
1000 Morgan.
1000 'Sheffield-ay.
1032 Carpenter.
5500 Plne-av.
5600 Central-ay.
5644 Parkside-av.
3300 School.
•At Chlcago-av.
1034 'Osgood.
5700 Waller-av.
3400 Roscoe.
East from State.
1100 Curtis.
5800 Menard-av.
3500 Cornelia.
(South of river.)
1100 *Semlnary-av.
5900 Mayfleld-ay.
3538 Eddy.
1 State.
1111 Aberdeen.
5938 Mason-av.
3600 Addison.
46 Wabash.
1132 May.
5968 N. Austin-av.
3700 Waveland.
100 Michigan-av.
1134 *Clifton-av.
3800 Grace.
200 Indiana-av.
1164 Ann.
•North side only.
3900 Byron.
4000 Irving Park-bd.
300 Prairie-av.
344 Calumet-av.
HOUSE NUMBER SYSTEM IN CHICAGO.
4100 Belle Plaine-av.
400 South Park-ay.
The present house number system in Chicago
4200 Berteau-av.
435 Vernon-av.
was established by an ordinance passed June 22.
4300 Cullom-av.
500 Vincennes-av.
1908, and effective Sept. 1, 1909. This applied to
4400 Montrose-av.
533 Rhodes-av.
all streets except those between the river. 12th
4500 Sunnyside-av.
600' St. Lawrence-ay.
street and the lake. Sept. 20. • 1910. the city
4600 Wilson-av.
634 Champlain-av.
council passed an amendment to the orainanee
4700 Leland-av.
700 Langley-av.
making it applicable to the entire city. The
4800 Lawrence-av.
734 Evans-av.
change In the business district went Into effect
4900 Alnslie.
834 Maryland-av.
April 1. 1911. The system is laid out on two
5000 Argyle.
900 Drexel-av.
base lines. State street dividing the east and
B100 Carmen-av.
934 Ingleside-av.
west streets and Madison street the north and
5200 Foster-av.
1000 Ellis-av.
south streets. Numbers are assigned on the
5300 Berwyn-av.
1100 Oreenwood-av.
basis of 800 to the mile or 100 to the prevailing
5400 Balmoral-ay. ' 1152 Woodlawn-av.
block of 660 feet or one-eighth of a mile.
STATE'S ATTORNEYS OF COOK COUNTY (1864-1920).
1864-1876— Charles IT. Reed. Rep.
1876-1884— Luther Laflin Mills, Rep.
1884-1888— Julius S. Grinnell, Dem.
1888-1892— Joel M. Longenecker, Rep.
1892-1896— Jacob J. Kern, Dem.
1896-1904— Charles S. Deneen, Rep.
1904-1908— John J. Healy. Rep.
1908-1912— John E. W. Wayman, Rep.
1912-1920— Maclay Hoyne, Dem.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
015
CHICAGO PARKS AND BOULEVARDS.
LINCOLN PARK SYSTEM.
Commissioners (appointed by governor with con-
sent of senate)— Francis T. Simmons, John H.
Eardin, Andrew Lanquist, Albert W. Goodrich.
Bertram M. Winston, Samuel M. Felton, Wil-
liam Wrigley, Jr.
Officers — President, Francis T. Simmons ; vice-
president, John H. Hardin; auditor, Andrew
Lanquist; secretary and superintendent, John
C. Cannon; attorney, R. R. Baldwin; treas-
urer, Frederick H. Rawson.
Office— In Lincoln park near Clark and Center
streets.
The Lincoln park district consists of the towns
of North Chicago and Lake View, with Fullertou
avenue as the dividing line, and is bounded on
the north by Devon avenue, on the south by the
Chicago river, and extends from Lake Michigan
on the east to the north branch of the river and
North Western avenue on the west.
The area of the Lincoln park district is 12.64
square miles. The total area of the parks and
boulevards is 642.63 acres, with 11.755 miles of
boulevards.
Lincoln Park— Lincoln park, previously known as
Lake park, began its history under its present
name by resolution passed by the common
council of Chicago under date of June 5, 1865.
The park proper is 317 acres in extent and ex-
tends from Diversey boulevard to Oak street
along the lake front. To this 200.59 acres of
land has been added by filling in Lake Michi-
gan north of Diversey boulevard. This exten-
sion contains a 57 acre yacht harbor. The park
contains a large floral department, also an ex-
tensive zoological garden containing about 1,800
animals. Boating and bathing facilities are
furnished and the park lagoon— one mile in
length—gives an admirable course for racing.
The Academy of Sciences is located in the park
at the foot of Center street. This building
was erected in 1893 and contains about 250,000
specimens. It is noted for its collection of
local natural history specimens and for its com-
plete collection of mollusks. ,The park has
provided facilities for outdoor games during
both the winter and summer seasons.
Stanton Park— At Vedder, Vine and Rees streets;
area 4.78 acres ; equipped with fieldhouse and
outdoor gym facilities.
Lake Shore Playground— Area 9.16 acres; is sit-
uated between Pearson street and Chicago ave-
nue, extending from the Chicago avenue pump-
ing works to the lake. This park is fitted up as
a playground, containing a shelter house, and
with outdoor and indoor gymnasium apparatus.
Seward Park— Contains 1.78 acres; is fitted with
outdoor and indoor gymnasium and has a fleld-
house which 'contains reading rooms, assembly
hall, clubrootns, a branch of the public library
and facilities for gymnastic work and aquatic
sports.
Hamlih Park— Wellington avenue and Robey
street; area 8.64 acres; Is fully equipped with
fleldhouse and out-of-door gymnasium facilities.
Welles Park— Western avenue and Montrose
boulevard: area 8.17 acres.
Union Square — Goethe street on the north and
Astor street on the west : area .46 acre.
Length, of North Side Boulevards.
In miU's and fractions of miles.
North avenue, .275.
Lincoln Park West, .448.
Sheridan road, 5.056.
North State parkway,
.226.
Dearborn parkway, .120.
Diversey parkway, 2.302.
Fullerton parkway, .510.
Garfield avenue, .026.
Lake Shore drive, 2.262.
Lincoln parkway, .530,
SOUTH PARKS.
Commissioners (appointed by Circuit court judges)
—Albert Mohr, Charles L. Hutchinson, L. B.
Patterson, John Barton Payne, John Bain.
Officers— John Barton Payne, president; Albert
Mohr, auditor; William A. Tilden, treasurer;
John F. Neil, secretary; Roy O. West, at-
torney; J. F. Foster, general superintendent;
H. C. Oarbaugh, superintendent of employ-
ment.
Offices— In Washington park. 67th street and Cot-
tage Grove avenue.
The south park district is bounded on the north
by the Chicago river and the Illinois and Michi-
gan canal, east by Lake Michigan and the state
of Indiana, south by S7th street and 138th street
and west by South Cicero avenue and State
street.
The area of the south park district Is 92.6
square miles, population is in excess of 800,000.
The total area of parks is 2,043.98 acres and of
parks and boulevards 2,494.59 acres, consisting of
twenty-four parks and 32.98 miles of boulevards.
The following is a list of the parks and boule-
vards1:
Jackson Park— Area 542.89 acres; bounded on the
north by 66th street, east by Lake Michigan,
south by 67th street and west by Stony Island
avenue; this park is provided with facilities for
boating, rowboats and launches, has two golf
courses, one of nine holes and the other eight-
een holes, with golf shelter, lockers and show-
ers for both men and women; it has baseball
and football fields, tennis courts, refectory,
beach bathing, music court, the Field Museum
of Natural History occupying the World's Fair
art building located in the northern part of the
park, and in the winter skating is provided. It
also has a playground for small children.
Washington Park— Area 371 acres; bounded on
the north by 51st street, east by Cottage Grove
avenue, south by 60th street, west by South
Park avenue; has the same accommodations for
the public as Jackson park except the golf fa-
cilities and the museum and in addition has
roque courts, archery range, accommodations
for fly casting, wading pool and sand court for
children and a house for the game of curling.
Marquette Park— Area 322.68 acres; bounded on
the north by 67th street, east by California
avenue, south by 71st street and west by the
Grand Trunk Western railroad. The east 80
acres has been improved. It has ball fields
and tennis courts and skating in the winter.
It also has an eighteen hole golf course.
Grant Park— Area 205.14 acres; bounded on the
north by Randolph street, east by Lake Michi-
gan, south by Park row, west by Michigan ave-
nue. This park is under construction. Tem-
porary provision is made for athletic work in
the northein part of the park. The Logan
monument, the airplane mail landing place and
the Art institute are located in this park.
Midway Plaisance — The connecting way between
Washington and Jackson parks; bounded on
the north by 59th street, east by Stony Island
avenue, south by 60th street, west by Cottage
Grove avenue. Has tennis courts and in the
winter skating and hockey.
McKinley Park — Area 74.88 acres; bounded on
the north by 37th street and Archer avenue,
east by Robey street, south by 39th street,
west by Western Avenue boulevard. Has swim-
ming pool, outdoor gymnasiums for men and
women, tennis courts, ball field, children's play-
ground, wading pool and skating in the winter.
Gage Park — Area 20 acres; situated at the inter-
section of Western avenue and 55th street.
Has wading pool, ball field and tennis court.
Sherman Park— Area 60.6 acres ; bounded on the
north by 52d street, east by South Racine ave-
nue, south by Garfield boulevard, west by
Loomls street. Has recreation buildings which
include an assembly hall used by the people
free of charge for various entertainments, club-
rooms for meetings of the various clubs of the
community, reading room supplied with period-
icals by the park commissioners, gymnasiums
for men and for women, shower and plunge
baths and locker rooms. There are also out-
door gymnasiums for men and women, play-
ground for children, wading pool and swim-
ming pool with the necessary dressing booths.
Provision is made for baseball, football, tennis
and boating. There is also a band stand under
which concerts are given during the summer
916
every Sunday evening. Also skating In the
winter.
Ogden Park— Area 60.56 acres; bounded on the
north by 64th street, east by South Racine ave-
nue, south by 67th street, west by L/oomis
street. The same facilities for recreation and
pleasure are provided as in Sherman park.
Palmer Park — Area 40.48 acres; bounded on the
north by lllth street, east by South Park ave-
nue, south by 113th street, west by Indiana
avenue. The same facilities for recreation and
pleasure are provided as in Sherman park, ex-
cept boating.
Hamilton Park— Area 29.95 acres; bounded on the
north by 72d street, east by C., R. I. & P.
railway, south by 74th street, west by C. & W.
I. railway. The same facilities for recreation
and pleasure are provided as in Sherman park,
except swimming pool and boating.
Bessemer Park— Area 22.88 acres; bounded on the
north by 89th street, east by Muskegon avenue,
south by 91st street, west by South Chicago
avenue. The same facilities as Sherman park
except boating.
Mark White Square— Area 10 acres; bounded on
the north by 29th street, east by Halsted
street, south by 30th street, west by Poplar
avenue. The same facilities as Sherman park
except boating.
Armour Square — Area 10 acres; bounded on the
north by 33d street, east by Wells street, south
by 34th street, west by Shields avenue. The
same facilities as Sherman park except boating.
Cornell Square — Area 10 acres; bounded on th >
north by 50th street, west by South Lincoln
street, south by 51st street, east by Wood
street. The same facilities as Sherman park
except boating.
Davis Square — Area 10 acres; bounded on the
north by 44th street, east by Marshlield avenue,
south by 45th street, west by Hermitage ave-
nue. The same facilities as Sherman park ex-
cept boating.
Russell Square — Area 11.47 acres; bounded on tho
north by 83d street, east by Bond avenue, south
by Baker avenue, west by Houston avenue.
The same facilities as Sherman park except
boating.
Calumet Park— Area 66.19 acres; bounded on the
north by 95th street, east by Lake Michigan,
south by 102d street, west by Avenue G and a
line about PO feet east of C., L. S. & E. railway.
Hardin Square — Area 7.41 acres; bounded on the
north by 25th street, east by the Rock Island
right of way, south by 26th street, west by
Wentworth avenue ; the same facilities as at
Sherman park except boating.
Fuller Park— Area 10 acres ; bounded on the north
by 45th street, east by Princeton avenue, south
by 46th place, west by Stewart avenue. Im-
proved with same facilities as Sherman park.
Grand Crossing Park— Area 19.16 acres; bounded
on the north by 76th street, east by Dobson
avenue, south by 78th street, west by Ingleside
avenue ; the same facilities as at Sherman
park.
No. 16 Park — Area 18.52 acres; bounded on the
north by 103d street, east by Bensley avenue,
south by 105th street, west by Oglesby avenue;
same facilities as at Sherman park.
No. 17 Park— Area 20 acres; bounded on the
north by 130th street, east by Carondelet ave-
nue, south by 132d street, west by Exchange
avenue.
No. 18 Park — Area 20.19 acres; bounded on the
north by 90th street, east by St. Lawrence ave-
nue, south by 9lst street, west by South Park
avenue.
Michigan Avenue— 80 to 100 feet wide; from Gar-
field boulevard to Randolph street.
Garfleld Boulevard— 200 feet wide; from South
Park avenue to Western Avenue boulevard on
the line of 55th street.
Western Avenue Boulevard — 200 feet wide; a strip
of land east of and adjoining the center line of
Western avenue from the Illinois and Michigan
canal to 55th street (Garfield boulevard).
Grand Boulevard— 1S8 feet wide; on the line of
South Park avenue from 35th to 51st street.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Drexel Boulevard— 200 feet wide; first street east
of Cottage Grove avenue and extending from
Oakwood boulevard to 51st street.
Prairie Avenue— 66 feet wide; the street of that
name from 16th to 29th street.
South Park) Avenue — 66 feet wide ; being the
street of that name between 35th and 29th
streets and also between 51st and 60th streets.
Jackson Boulevard— 66 feet wide ; being the street
of that name extending from Michigan avenue
to the south 'branch of the Chicago river.
Oakwood Boulevard— 100 feet wide: the first
street south of 39th street, between Grand
boulevard and Cottage Grove avenue.
Thirty-Third Street— 66 feet wide; being the
street of that name between Michigan avenue
and South Park avenue.
Sixteenth Street — 50 feet wide; being the street
of that name between Michigan avenue and
Prairie avenue.
Twenty-Ninth Street— 66 feet wide; being the
street of ti;at name between Prairie avenue
and South Park avenue.
Fifty-Seventh Street— 100 feet wide; being the
street of that name between the I. C. rail-
road right of way and the west line of Jackson
park.
Marquette Road— 66 feet wide; being the street
of that name from Jackson park to California
avenue.
Normal Avenue — 66 feet wide; from Garfield
boulevard to 72d street.
Loomls Street — 66 feet wide; being the street of
that name from Garfield boulevard to 67th
street.
Hyde Park Boulevard— 100 feet wide; being that
part of 5lst street between Drexel avenue and
Jackson park.
South Shore Drive — 100 feet wide; runs from
Jackson park to 71st street and thence to 83d
place.
WEST CHICAGO PARKS.
Commissioners (appointed by governor with con-
sent of senate)— John I. Bagdziunas, William
Ganschow, William F. Grower, Jens C. Han-
sen, Richard J. Powers, I. Shapiro, John F.
Smulski.
Officers— John F. Smulski, president; Richard
J. Powers, auditor; William Ganschow,
treasurer; I. Shapiro, secretary; John A.
Pelka. clerk of the board : Jens Jensen, con-
sulting landscape architect ; Albert C.
Schrader, superintendent and engineer; Robert
E. Gentzel, attorney; Fred G. Heuchling,
superintendent of employment; Edwin S.
Prouty, captain of police.
Office— Union park. Lake street and Ashland
boulevard.
The west park district comprises all that part
of the town of West Chicago lying between the
Illinois and Michigan canal and the Chicago riv-
er and the following described lines: Beginning
at the north branch of the Chicago river at Bel-
mont avenue, thence west to North Kedzie ave-
nue, thence south along Kedzie avenue to North
avenue, thence west on North avenue to North
Austin avenue, thence south along Austin avenue
to West 12th street, thence east along 12th street
to South Kenton avenue, thence south along Ken-
ton avenue to West 39th street, thence east along
39th street to the Illinois and Michigan canal.
The area of the west park district is 35.5
square miles. The total area of the parks and
boulevards is 1,258.1^ acres, consisting of 19
parks and playground areas and 29.527 miles
of boulevard; area of parks, 813.27 acres. The
following is a list of the parks and boulevards:
Humboldt Park— Area 205.86 acres; bounded on
the north by West North avenue, east by Cali-
fornia and Sacramento avenues, south by Divi-
sion and Augusta streets and west by Kedzie
avenue; has rose garden with pergola and gar-
den hall and fountains; refectory building, also
a pavilion and boat ianding; music court, a
wading pool and shelter for children; is pro-
vided with facilities for boating, has baseball
diamonds and tennis courts, and in winter skat-
ing is provided.
Garfield Park— Area 187.53 acres; bounded on the
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
917
north by Kinzie and Lake streets, east l>y Cen-
tral Park and Homuu avenues, south by Madi-
son street and Colorado avenue, west by Ham-
lin avenue. Has a conservatory (the largest in
the country), refectory building, outdoor nata-
torium, boat landing and pavilion, music court
and bandstand, water courts with fountain, ba-
sin and extensive flower gardens. Has a golf
course, with fieldhouse containing lockers for
men and women; also has tennis courts and
facilities for fly casting, uud in winter skating
is provided.
Douglas Park— Area 181.99 acres; bounded on the
north by West 12th street, east by California
avenue, south by West 19th street and west by
Albany avenue. Has refectory building and pa-
vilion, music court, flo\yer gardens, outdoor
gymnasiums and uatatorium, with swimming
pools, shower baths and dressing rooms for men
and women. Facilities are provided for base-
ball, boating and lawn tennis, and in winter
skating is provided.
Union Park— Area 17.37 acres; bounded on the
north by Lake street; east by Ogden avenue
and Bryan place, south by Warren avenue and
west by Ashland boulevard. In this park the
offices of the West Chicago park commissioners
are located. Facilities are provided for lawn
tennis during the summer and skating during
the winter. An outdoor natatorium for the
summer months, and shower baths are open
all year. A children's playground with
wading pool, sand court and play apparatus.
Jefferson Park— Area 7.02 acres: bounded on the
north by Monroe street, east by Throop street,
south by Adams street and west by Loomis
street.
Vernon Park— Area 6.14 acres; bounded on the
north by Macalister place, east by South Ra-
cine avenue, south by Gilpin place and west by
Loomis street.
Wicker Park — Area 4.03 acres; bounded on the
north and east by Wicker Park avenue, south
by Fowler street and west by Robey street.
Holstein Park — Area 1.94 acres; bounded on the
north by Ems streets, south by Hamburg street,
and located one block east of Western avenue.
A: fleldhouse has been provided containing
gymnasiums and shower baths for men and
women, library and reading room and assembly
hall. Has an outdoor gymnasium and playfield
and a children's playground, and in winter
skating is provided.
Campbell Park — Area 1.38 acres; a strip of land
100 feet wide lying between Oakley boulevard
and Leavitt street and one block north of
Polk street.
Shedd's Park — Area 1.13 acres; located at 23d
street and Millard avenue, opposite Lawndale
station of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad company. A library and reading
room, and assembly hall.
Bernard A. Eckhart Park — Area 8.125 acres:
bounded on the north by Cornell street, east by
Chase street, south by Chicago avenue and
west by Noble street. A fleldhouse has been
Erovided containing gymnasium and shower
aths for men and women, lunchrooms, library
and reading room and assembly hall; also an
outdoor swimming pool with shower baths and
dressing rooms for men and women. An out-
door gymnasium for men and women, playfield
with wading pool and sand courts for children
and tennis courts and ball grounds have been
provided; also skating in the winter.
Stanford Park — Area 2.89 acres: bounded on the
north by Barber street, east by Jefferson street,
south by 14th place and west by South Union
avenue. In this park the same facilities for
recreation and pleasure are provided as in the
small parks and playgrounds mentioned above.
Dvorak Park — Area 3.85 acres; bounded on the
north by 20th street, east by Flsk street, south
by 21st street and west by May street. The
same facilities for recreation and pleasure are
provided ns in Eckhart park.
Franklin Park — Area 8.26 acres; bounded by West
14th street, West 15th street. South Tripp ave-
nue and South Kolin avenue. Baseball and
skating facilities are provided. An outdoor
natatorium for summer months, and shower
bathe the whole year; an outdoor gymnasium
for men and women and a playfleld with wad-
ing pool, sand court and play apparatus.
Pulaski Park — Area 3.8 acres ; bounded by Noble,
Blackhawk, Cleaver and Bradley streets; con-
tains elaborate fleldhouse, swimming pool and
other facilities for recreation.
Harrison Park— Area 8.244 acres; hounded by West
18th street. West 19th street. South Wood street
and South Lincoln street. An outdoor nata-
torium has been provided, also the necessary
facilities for baseball and skating. An out-
door gymnasium for men and women and a
playground for the children, with wading pool,
sand court and play apparatus and children's
gardens.
Sheridan Park— Area 3.57 acres; bounded by Polk,
May and Aberdeen streets and first east and
west 16-foot alley north of Taylor street. An
outdoor natatorium has been provided, together
with an outdoor gymnasium for men and wom-
en, children's playground and a large field for
baseball and skating. Shower baths are open
the whole year.
Humboldt Park Natatorium and Playground— Area
1.057 acres; adjacent to Humboldt park on the
south, at the southwest corner of North Sacra-
mento boulevard and Augusta street. Contains
an outdoor natatorium and children's playfleld,
with sand court, wading pool and children's
playground apparatus.
Columbus Park — Area 154 acres ; bounded by
Adams street, Central avenue, Austin ave-
nue and the right-of-way of the Aurora, El-
gin & Chicago Railway company ; baseball,
golf, tennis and skating provided for.
New Congress Park Site — Area, 5.16 acres ; lying in
the center of South Talman avenue, between
the north line of West Harrison street and the
south line of West Van Buren street. To be
provided with shelter, pool and other play-
ground facilities. Site acquired in June, 1915.
West Adams Boulevard — .492 mile long and 66 feet
wide: from South Central avenue to South
Austin boulevard.
Ashland Boulevard— 1.26 miles long, 100 feet wide;
North, from West Lake street, south to West
Madison street; South, from West Madison
street, south to West 12th street.
North and South Austin Boulevard— 3 miles
long, 66 feet to 80 feet in width; from West
12th street to West North avenue.
South California Boulevard— .692 mile long, from
West Twenty-Fourth Street boulevard south
to West Thirty-First Street boulevard.
Central Park Boulevard— .448 mile long, 80 feet
wide; North, from Franklin boulevard to Gar-
field park (Kinzie street); South, from West
Madison street to Colorado avenue, along the
east side of Oarfiold park.
Douglas Boulevard— .877 mile long, 250 feet wide ;
from Independence boulevard east to Douglas
park (Albany avenue).
Franklin Boulevard— .763 mile long, 250 to 400
feet wide: west from North Sacramento boule-
vard to North Central Park boulevard, and from
North Central Park boulevard to Garfield park
(Kinzie street) ; connecting Humboldt and Gar-
field parks.
North Homan Boulevard — .254 mile long; from
West Madison street to West Lake street, along
the east side of Garfield park.
Humboldt Boulevard— .834 mile long, 100 feet to
400 feet wide: from Palmer square to Hum-
boldt park (North avenue).
Independence Boulevard — .819 mile long, from
Garfield park (Colorado avenue) south to Doug-
las boulevard.
West Jackson Boulevard — 6.195 miles long, from
56 to 80 feet wide; from the Chicago river
west to South Central avenue in Austin, pass-
ing through Garfield park, a continuation of
Jackson boulevard on the south side.
North Kedzie Boulevard— .423 mile long; from
Logan boulevard to Palmer square.
Logan Boulevard — 1.356 miles long; from the Dl
verse.v avenue bridge to North Kedzie boule-
918
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
vard. connecting the west park system with
the Lincoln park system on the north.
Marshall Boulevard— .505 mile long, 250 feet
wide; from Douglas park (19th street) south to
West Twenty-Fourth Street boulevard.
Oakley Boulevard — 3 miles long; North, from
West North Avenue, south to West Madison
street; South, from West Madison street to
Intersectioa of Oakley, Ogden and Twelfth
Street boulevards.
Ogden Boulevard— .74 mile long, from 70 to 112
feet wide ; from Douglas park (Albany avenue)
to Oakley boulevard.
Palmer Square— .327 mile long; from North Ked-
zie boulevard to Humboldt boulevard.
Sacramento Boulevard— 2.213 miles long; North,
from West Madison street to Humboldt park
(Augusta street); South, from West Madison
street to Douglas park (12th street).
.West Thirty-First Street Boulevard— .5 mile
long; from South California boulevard east to
South Western Avenue boulevard.
West Twelfth Street Boulevard— .896 mile long,
70 feet wide: from Oakley boulevard to Ash-
land boulevard; a continuation of West 12th
street.
West Twenty-Fourth Street Boulevard— .217 mile
long; east from Marshall boulevard to South
California boulevard.
West Washington Boulevard— 6.319 miles longt 66
to 100 feet wide ; from Canal street west to city
limits; through Union park and Garfield park,
a continuation of Washington street on the
south side.
South Western Avenue Boulevard— .258 mile
long; from West Thirty-First Street boulevard
south to the Illinois and Michigan canal, con-
necting the west park system with the south
park system. ,^__
SMALL PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND
BATHING BEACHES.
Bureau of Parks, Public Playgrounds and
Bathing Beaches.
Secretary— Walter Wright.
Superintendent of playgrounds— Theo. A. Gross.
Director in charge of beaches and pools — T. R.
Daly.
Senior foreman of parks— F. R. Thomason.
Office of the bureau— 1004 City hall.
The bureau of parks, public playgrounds and
bathing beaches is a bureau of the department
of public works. It maintains and has juris-
diction, over seventy municipal playgrounds,
four bathing beaches, four natatoriums. sixty-
five small parks, city forestry or street trees,
and Gage farm nursery.
The playgrounds are open all year around from
8 o'clock in the morning until 9 o'clock at
night and each is In charge of a director and
attendant, and during the spring, summer and
fall a young woman assistant director or physi-
cal instructor.
A special tax of one-half nyll was authorized
in 1917 by the state legislature to provide funds
for the maintenance of these playgrounds.
The bathing beaches under the jurisdiction of
the bureau are the Clarendon beach, the largest
municipal bathing beach in the world ; the 61st
street bathing beach, 76th street bathing beach
and Rocky Lodge beach at the foot of 79th street.
The city has obtained the possession of the
shore property extending from 75th street to 79th
street, and it is intended to establish a large
beach and park at this location.
Three of the four natatoriums are open the
year around and no charge is made for their use.
They are very popular in their respective neigh-
borhoods, as is shown by the large attendance.
Instruction is given in swimming during the win-
ter months.
The small parks vary in size from a beauty
spot of one-tenth of an acre to a forty acre park
and are used to give every possible means of rec-
reation to the people. Play apparatus, tennis
courts, wading pools, etc., are established wher-
ever possible.
City forestry is also under the jurisdiction of
the bureau of parks and the work of trimming
trees goes on throughout the year. An emergency
truck is used to remove the dead and dangerous
trees in the parkways throughout the city eo as
to prevent accidents to pedestrians.
Following is a list of the small parks, play-
grounds, bathing beaches and natatoriums under
the jurisdiction of the bureau of parks, public
playgrounds and bathing beaches, with the area
of the parks in acres and size of the playgrounds.
Small Parks.
Adams Park— 75th place, 76th street and Dobson
avenue ; 1%.
Aldine Square — Vincennes avenue. 37th place and
alley north of 38th street; 1%.
Arcade Park— lllth place, 112th street. Forrest-
ville avenue and Watt avenue ; 9-10.
Auburn Park — Bounded by Lagoon avenue, Stew-
art avenue, Winneconna avenue and Normal
avenue ; 6.
Austin Park— Waller avenue, Chicago & North-
western railway, Austin avenue and Lake
street; 4%.
Avers Avenue Parkway — From West Addison
street to Avondale avenue.
Arbor Rest — Chestnut street. Rush street and
Cass street ; %.
Archer Point— Archer avenue, 20th street and
Dearborn street; 15-100.
Amy L. Barnard Park— North side 105th street,
between Longwood boulevard and Walden park-
way ; 1V4.
Bickerdike Square— Ohio street, Bickerdike street,
Ashland place and Armour street ; 1.
Blackstone Point— Lake Park avenue. Blackstone
avenue and 49th street; %.
Buena Circle — Buena avenue and Kenmore ave-
nue ; %.
Belden Triangle— North Clark street. Sedgwick
street and Belden avenue ; %.
Calumet Parkway— Calumet avenue, 63d and 61st
streets: 1%.
Chamberlin Triangle — Greenwood avenue, Lake
Park avenue and 43d street: 27-100.
Columbus Circle— South Chicago avenue, Exchange
avenue and 92d street ; %.
Colorado Point — Colorado avenue, Monroe street
and Francisco avenue ; %.
Crescent Park — Crescent road, Prescott avenue.
Ormonde avenue and Grassmere road; 8.
Dickinson Park— North Lavergne avenue, Dickin-
son avenue and Belle Plaine avenue ; 1%.
Dauphin Park— 87th street, Illinois Central rail-
road, 91st street and Dauphin avenue ; 5 12-100.
Douglas Monument Park — Woodlawn park, Illi-
nois Central railroad, 35th street and alley west
of railway; 3.
DeKalb Square — Lexington street, Hoyne avenue,
Flournoy street and DeKalb street ; %.
East End Park— East End avenue. 51st street, B3d
street and Lake Michigan ; 10.
Eldred Grove — Norwood Park avenue and Chicago
& Northwestern railway from Argyle to Ains-
lie street; 1.
Ellis Park— 36th street, 37th street, Langley ave-
nue and Elm wood court ; 4.
Eighty-Seventh Street Parkway— In 87th street,
from Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway-
to Eggloston avenue ; 5.
Eugenie Triangle— Eugenie street. North Clark
street and LaSalle avenue: %.
Fernwood Park— 103d street. 95th street, Stewart
avenue and Eggleston avenue ; 8.
Gage Farm— Bounded by 22d street on the north
and 26th street on the south ; the east section
line is 1,400 feet west of Oak Park avenue, ex-
tending west 4,000 feet (outside city limits) ; 240.
Graceland Triangle — Maiden avenue and Montrose
boulevard ; %.
Gross Park— On Otto street, between East Ra-
venswood and Paulina street ; %.
Green Bay Triangle— North State street. Rush
street and Be\levue place ; 33-100.
Harding Avenue Parkway — In Harding avenue,
between Addison street and Byron avenue ; 3.
Holden Park — Lake street ; Ferdinand street, Cen-
tral avenue and Parkside avenue ; 4.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Biggins Road Triangle — Higgins road and Mil-
waukee avenue.
Irving Park— Chicago & Northwestern railway,
Irving Park boulevard, near North Keeler ave-
nue; 35-100.
Kedzie Park— Kedzie avenue, between Palmer
place and North avenue ; 3.
Kinzie Parkway — Kinzie street, between Laramie
avenue and Long avenue ; 1%.
Lawrence Avenue Triangles (4) — On Lawrence
avenue between Clark and Broadway: 8-10.
Linden Park — Avondale avenue, Chicago & North-
western railway, from School street to Belmont
avenue ; 9-10.
Maplewood Triangle — Schubert and Maplewood
avenues and Chicago & Northwestern rail-
way : Vs.
Merrick Park— Pine avenue. Long avenue, Ferdi-
nand street nnd Kinzie street ; 6.
McKenna Triangle — 38th street. Archer avenue
and Campbell avenue ; 3-10.
Montrose Point— Montrose avenue. Sheridan road
and Broadway ; %.
Mulberry Point — Nickerson avenue. Nina street
and Nicollet; %.
Myrtle Grove — Neva avenue. Ninnewa avenue and
Hood avenue ; 1%.
Normal Park — 67th street, 69th street, Lowe ave-
nue and Chicago & Western Indiana rail-
road; 2%.
Norwood Circle — Neva avenue, Peterson avenue
and Circle avenue ; 2%.
Oakland Park— Lake Park avenue. 39th street and
Illinois Central railroad: %.
Ogden Arrow— North Clark street. Wells street
and Ogden front ; %.
Patterson Park— Leavitt street. Boone street and
DeKalb street; %.
Pullman Park— lllth street, lllth place. Cottage
Grove avenue and Forrestville avenue ; %.
Ravenswood Parkway — East Ravenswood avenue,
between Lawrence and Berteau avenues ; 1%.
Rice Triangle — Western avenue and Grand ave-
nue ; %.
Rocky Ledge Park— 79th street and Lake Michi-
gan ; 3%.
Roberts Square— Winnemac avenue. North Lara-
mie avenue, Argyle avenue and North Lock-
wood avenue ; 5.
Rutherford Park— Palmer street. North Newland
avenue. North Oak Park avenue and Chicago,
Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad ; 4 33-100.
Sacramento Avenue Parking — 26th street, Sacra-
mento avenue and House of Correction ; %.
Salt Creek Park — Salt creek and Chicago, Bur-
lington & Quincy railroad at Brookfleld (outside
city limits) ; 32 64-100.
Schoenhofen Place — Canal street, Canalport ave-
nue and 18th street; 3-10.
Stony Island Parkway — Stony Island avenue, 69th
to 79th street; 8.
Twenty-Second Street Parkway — In 22d street,
from South Crawford avenue to South Kenton
avenue; 3*£.
The Midway — Midway, between Waller avenue
and Austin avenue ; 1%.
The Lily Gardens — Lowe avenue, Chicago & West-
ern Indiana railroad, 71st street, 73d street ; 2%.
The Railway Gardens — Avondale avenue. Nettle-
ton avenue and Raven street, south of Chicago
& Northwestern railway, also on Norwood Park
avenue, north of Chicago & Northwestern rail-
way; 2%.
Washington Square— North Clark street. Walton
place. Dearborn street and Delaware place ; 3.
West End Parkway— In West End avenue, from
Menard avenue to Austin avenue. North Waller
avenue and Parkside avenue ; 1%.
Winnemac Park — Robey street, Foster avenue,
Argyle street and Leavitt street ; 40.
Washington Heights Park — Vincennes road and
104th street; %.
Municipal Playgrounds.
Names, locations and dimensions (in feet).
Adams — Seminary avenue, near Center street ;
102 by 288.
Agassiz— Seminary avenue and George street; 265
by 109.
Auburn Park — Normal avenue and West 81st
street; 210 by 210.
Audubon — Hoyne and Cornelia avenues ; 138 by 264.
Avondale — North Sawyer and Wellington avenues ;
250 by 120.
Belding— Tripp and Cullom avenues ; 155 by 195.
Beutner— 33d and LaSalle streets: 258 by 546.
Bosley— 31st and Bonfield streets ; 116 by 696.
Brentano— Falrfleld avenue and Schubert street;
139 by 358.
Budlong— Foster, near Lincoln avenue ; 325 by 200.
Burley — Barry avenue, between Paulina street and!
Ashland avenue ; 252 by 128.
Burroughs — 36th street and Washtenaw avenue ;
265 by 159.
Cameron — Potomac and Monticello avenues ; 272
by 208.
Carter — East 58th street and Michigan avenue ;.
150 by 256.
Christopher— 22d and Robey streets ; 125 by 275.
Colman — Dearborn street, north of 47th street ;
320 by 125.
Commercial Club — Chicago avenue and Lincoln
street ; 120 by 123 and 125 by 200.
Copernicus— 60th and Throop streets ; 268 by 96
and 96 by 96.
Corkery— 25th street and Kildare avenue; 265 by
164.
Dante — Forquer and Desplaines streets ; 235 by 95.
Davis— West 39th place and Sacramento avenue;
278 by 265.
Delano — West Adams street and Springfield ave-
nue; 218 by 260.
Doolittle — 35th street, between Cottage Grove and
Rhodes avenues ; 231 by 179.
Drake — 27th street and Calumet avenue ; 181 by 194.
Earle — South Paulina and West 61st streets ; 290"
by 125.
Emmet— West Madison street and Pine avenue;
316 by 288.
Field Branch— North shore and Greenview ave-
nue ; 275 by 290.
Fiske — 62d street and Ingleside avenue ; 264 by 174,
Franklin— Sigel street, between Wells and Sedg-
wick streets ; 200 by 125.
Fulton— West 53d and Paulina streets ; 296 by 136.
Gallistel— 104th street and Ewing avenue ; 300 by
125.
Gary— Lawndale avenue and 31st street ; 602 by 265.
Gladstone — Robey street and Washburne avenue;
240 by 125.
Graham — 45th street and Union avenue ; 90 by 265.
Hamlin — 16th street and Hamlin avenue ; 300 by 598.
Hayes— Leavitt and Fulton streets ; 96 by 96 and-
96 by 96.
Henry— North St. Louis and West Cullom ave-
nues ; 300 by 125.
Howe— Long avenue and Superior street; 344 by
125.
Kohn— East 104th and State streets; 310 by 266.
Lemoyne-^Rokeby and Addison streets ; 290 by 290.
Lloyd— Dickens and Lamon avenues ; 275 by 267.
McCormlck— 28th street and Sawyer avenue ; 125.
by 275.
McCosh— Champlain avenue, between East 65tb
and 66th streets; 210 by 125.
McLaren— Polk and Laflin streets'; 185 by 175.
McPherson — West Winchester and Lawrence ave-
nues; 280 by 152.
Mitchell— Oakley boulevard and Ohio street ; 140-
by 110.
Morse — North Sawyer avenue and West Ohio
street ; 280 by 130.
Moseley— 24th street and Wabash avenue ; 200 by
200.
Mozart — West Hamlin and Humboldt avenues ;
266 by 125.
Nettelhors-t— Broadway and Aldlne avenue ; 344
by 100.
Northwestern— Larrabee and Alaska streets ; 70
by 350.
Oakland — Langley avenue and 40th street ; 80 by
198.
Orleans — Orleans street and Institute place ; 126
by 136.
Otis — Armour street and Grand avenue ; 200 by 160.
Pickard — South Oakley avenue and West 21st
place ; 275 by 130.
920
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Poe — Langley avenne and East 106th street; 200
by 125.
Easter— Wood and West 70th streets; 265 by 181.
Robey— Kobey and Birch streets ; 265 by 114.
Ryder — Lowe avenue and West 88th street ; 250
by 196 and 96 by 96.
Ryerson— Lawndale avenue and Ohio street; 290
by 125.
Sampson— 15th and Loomis streets ; 125 by 215.
Scanlan— Perry avenue, between 117th and 118th
streets; 295 by 154.
Sherwood— 57th street and Princeton avenue ; 156
by 250.
Spry— Marshall boulevard and 24th street ; 196 by
186.
Swift— Winthrop avenue, between Ardmore and
Thorndale avenues ; 340 by 125.
Swing— Jefferson street, between 17th and 18th
streets ; 220 by 130.
Thorp — 89th street and Buffalo avenue ; 140 by 140.
Washington — Grand avenue and Carpenter street ;
128 by 174.
Waters — West Wilson and West Campbell ave-
nues ; 250 by 250.
Wrightwood— Wrightwood and Greenview avenues;
361 by 454.
Municipal Bathing Beaches and Natatoriums.
Clarendon Beach— Lake Michigan, foot of Sunny-
side avenue.
Fifty-First Street Beach— Lake Michigan, foot
of 51st street.
Rocky Ledge Beach— Lake Michigan, foot of 79th
street.
Seventy-Sixth Street Beach— Lake Michigan, foot
of 76th street.
Washington Heights Swimming Pool— 104th street
and Vincennes1 avenue.
Griffith Natatorium — 104th street and Harvard
avenue.
Jackson Natatorium — 3506 West Fillmore street.
Beilfuss Natatorium— 1725 North Springfield ave-
nue.
ASSESSMENT OF TAXABLE PROPERTY IN CHICAGO.
The following is a statement of the valuation of taxable real estate and personal property and
tbe amount of taxes levied each year from 1838 to 1916. inclusive:
Year
1838.
Real Personal
estate. property.
1235,995
Total
valuation. Tax levy.
$235 996 $8,849.86
Real Personal Total
Year, estate. property, valuation. Tax levy.
1897 184 632 905 47 393 755 232 026,660 12,939,333.10
1839.
94,803
94,803 4,664.55
1898.. 178,801172 42,165,275 220,966,44712,207,906.82
1840.
94,437
94 437 4,721.85
1899 260 265 058 84,931 361 345,196,419 13 359,270.53
1841.
1842.
1843.
1844.
1845.
1846.
1847.
1848.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.
127,024 $39,720
108,757 42,585
962,221 479,093
1,992,085 771,186
2,273,171 791,851
3,664,425 857,231
4,995,466 853,704
4,998,266 1,302,174
6,181,637 1,495,047
5,685,965 1,534,284
6,804,262 1,758,455
8,190,769 2,272,645
13,130,677 3,711,154
18,990,744 5,401,495
21,637,500 5,355,393
25,892,308 5,843,776
29,307,628 7,027,653
30,175,325 5,816,407
30,732,313 5,821,067
31,198,135 5,855,377
166,744 10,004.67
151,342 9,181.27
1,441,314 8,647.89
2,763,281 17,166.24
3,065,022 11,077.58
4,521,656 15,825.80
5,849,170 • 18,159.01
6,300,440 22,051.54
6,676,684 30,045.09
7,220,249 25,270.87
8,562,717 63,385.87
10,463,414 76,948.96
16,841,831 135,662.68
24,392,239 199,081.64
26,992,893 206,209.03
31,736,084 396,652.39
36,335,281 572,046.00
35,991,732 430,190.00
36,553,380 513,164.00
37,053,512 373,315.29
1900.. 202,884,012 73,681,868 276,565,880 17,086,408.36
1901.. 259,254,598 115,325,842 374,580,440 14,245,294.12
1902.. 276,509,730 125,985,401 402,495,131 14,039,030.16
1903.. 289,371,249122,053,031 411,424,28014,815,388.31
1904.. 291,329,703 111,951,487 403,281,190 15,994,410.68
1905.. 295,514,443 112,477,182 407,991,625 16,845,974.19
1906.. 303,033,228123,230,068 426,263,29617,434,168.80
1907.. 346,843,590 131,078,386 477,921,976 22,605,709.45
19C8.. 344,499,927 132,690,472 477,190,399 22,666,543.94
1909.. 586,253,655 ?12,574,401 833,150,897 24,078,060.98
1910.. 603,022,8'. 245,971,661 848,994,536 23,485.538.22
1911.. 663,376,027223,578,274 927,747,49227,311,841.58
1912.. 670,652,219 195,473,058 940,450,171 24,733,839.48
1313.. 688,387,352 214,318,184 981,787,576 31,122,666.16
1914.. 707,366,379 217,979.761 1,000,797,060 32.225.665.35
1915.. 749,905,059 219.879,969 1.041.788.676 37,816.928.94
1916.. 742,695,603 219.396.138 1.032,876,669 39,662,464.09
1917.. 753,321.967 239,734,554 1,062,959,802 40.923,952.37
The valuation since 1875 Is the equalized valua-
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
31,314,749 5,037,631
31,587,545 5,552,300
35,143,252 7,524,072
37,148,023 11,584,759
44,065,499 20,644,678
66,495,116 29,458,134
141,445.920 53,580,924
174,490,660 55,756,240
211,371,240 54,653,640
223,643,600 52,342,950
236,898,650 52,847,820
239,154,890 45,042,540
36,352,380 559,968.00
37,139,845 564.038.06
42,667,324 853,346.00
48,732,782 974,655.64
64,710,177 1,294,183.50
85,953,250 1,719,064.05
195,026,844 2,518,472.00.
230,247,000 3,223,457.80
266,024,880 3,990,373.20
275,986,550 4,139,798.70
289,746,470 2,897,464.70
284,197,430 4,462,961.45
From 1867 to 1875 the valuation was made by the
city for the city tax. From 1898 to 1908, Inclu-
sive, the assessed value was one-fifth of the ac-
tual value. In 1909 the rate was fixed at one-
third. The total valuation includes capital stock
and railroads.
ASSESSMENT OF TAXABLE PROPERTY ^N
COOK COUNTY.
Includes equalized valuation of railroads and
capital stock of corporations.
1904 $437,850426 1911 $997,787.837
1905 441990246 1912 1,012,882.262
1906 461813707 1913 1.056.910,607
1907 614 757 122 1914 1,078,824,261
1908 514,730,532 1915 1,121,649,954
1878.
104,420,053 27,563,386
131,983.439 3,777,757.23
1909 987,212.850 1916 1,115,035,441
1879.
1880.
91,152.229 26,517,806
89,032,038 28,101,688
117,970,035 3,776,450.79
117,133,726 3,899,126.98
The above figures are one-fifth of the actual
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884
90,099,045 29,053,743
95,881,714 29,479,022
101,596,795 31,616,893
105 606,743 31 720,237
119,152.288 4.136,608.38
125.360.736 4,227,402.98
133,213,688 4,540,506.13
137,326,980 4,872,456.60
valuation down to and including 1908. The rat*
was changed to one-third in 1909.
CHICAGO TAX RATES (1917).
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
107,146.881 32,811,411
122,980,123 35,516,009
123,169.455 38,035,080
123,292,358 37,349,365
127,372,618 40,763,213
139,958,292 5.152,366.03
158,496,132 5,368,409.76
161.204,535 5,602,712.56
160,641,723 5,723.067.25
168,135,831 6,326,561.21
219 354 368 9 r>58 335 00
Town State Countj OitT School Sanit'r Park Town ToUl
West Chicago. .90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .84 ... 6.58
South Chicago .90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .41 ... 6.15
North Chicago .90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .54 .12 6.50
Lake View 90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .59 .10 6.50
Lakp 90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .41 ... 6.15
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
203,353,791 53,245,783
190,614.636 53,117.502
189,299,120 56.491,231
190,960.897 56.461.825
192,498,842 50,977,983
195,684,875 48,672,411
256,599.574 10,453,270.41
243.732,138 12,142.448.75
245,790.351 11.810.969.69
247.422,722 12.267.643.62
243,476.825 14,239.685.13
244,357,286 12,290,145.21
Hvde Park 90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 .41 ... 6.15
Jefferson 90 .62 2.01 1.84 .35 5.74
Totals include .02 for forest preserve, .03 for
lake shore protection (North Chicago), .07 for
Lincoln nark bonds (N. Chicago and Lake Vie\r»
and 2.30 for local park districts in Jefferson.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
921
PRINCIPAL LIBRARIES OF
THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY. |
Michigan avenue and Washington street.
Board of Directors — Alfred E. Barr, president;
James J. Healy, R. G. 'Shutter, Charles E.
Schick, Edgar A. Jonas, Samuel Gessler, Carl
O. Beroth, Frank F. Tollkuehn,' Lawrence
Cuneo.
Standing -Committees (1917-1918)— Library :
Jonas. Beroth. Shutter. Administration : Shut-
ter, Tollkuehn, Healy. Buildings and grounds:
Schick. Healy. Gessler.
Meetings — Regnlar meetings of the board at '5
p. m. on second and fourth Mondays of each
month.
Librarian — Carl B. Roden.
Secretary— 'Harry G. Wilson.
Departments and Hours.
Circulating, open shelf and registry depart-
ments, third floor, open 9 a. m. to 8:30 p. m.;
closed on Sunday.
Reference room and public card catalogue,
fourth floor: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.; Sun-
days and holidays, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
Thomas Hughes room for young1 people,
fourth floor; open 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. ; closed on
Sunday.
Art room, fifth floor; open 9 a. m. to 5:30
p. m. ; closed on Sunday.
Music room, fifth floor, Washington street
entrance: open 9 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.; closed
on Sunday.
Patents, documents and bound newspapers
room, first floor, Randolph street entrance;
open 9 a. m. to 5:30 P. m.: closed on Sunday.
Civics room, first floor, Ranoolph street en-
trance: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.: closed on
Sunday.
Reading room for current magazines and
newspapers, fourth floor, Randolph street en-
trance: open 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.; Sundays and
holidays, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
General Information.
The Chicago public library is a free public
institution, established under the Illinois
library law of 1872. It derives its revenue
from an annual library tax of approximately
one mill. A board of directors of nine mem-
bers is appointed by the mayor, three annually
for terms of three years. The library occupies
the site formerly known as Dearborn park,
bounded by Michigan avenue, Washington
street. Garland court and Randolph street. The
cost of the building was about $2,000,000. in-
cluding the furniture, book stacks and machin-
ery. There are forty-two branches, six high
school branches, 117 delivery stations and
seventy-two deposit stations.
The right of drawing books from the public
library belongs to all who reside in the city ol
Chicago, and also to those who make their
homes in the suburbs within the limits of Cook
county and are regularly employed in the city.
In order to become a book borrower it is nec-
essary only to file an application giving the
name and residence of the applicant and bear-
ing the signature of a second person, who
must be an actual resident of the city, appear-
ing as such in the latest city directory. This
person becomes the guarantor tp the library
for the proper observance of the library regula-
tions on the part of the applicant. These reg-
ulations merely provide that books drawn for
home use must be returned within the stated
period and must not be defaced or injured.
At the close of May 31. 1918, the public
library contained 882,566 volumes. The aggre-
gate circulation for the year ending May 31,
1918, was 6.724.070 volumes, which does not
include the use of books kept on the open
shelves at the main library or its branches or
the periodicals or newspapers used in the read-
ing rooms. This use would bring the total re-
corded book issue to 7,513,613.
Branches.
Branches marked • are open from 9 a. m. to
10 p. m.. those marked -t are open from 9 a. m.
CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
to 9 P. m.. all others are open from 1 to 9
p. m. Sundays and holidays open from 2 to 6
p. m.
Armour Square — 33d-st. and Shields-av.
•Austin— 5642 West Lake-st.
Bessemer Park — 89th-st. and Muskegon-av.
•Blackstone — 49th-st. and Lake Park-av.
Burr School — Ashland and Wabansia-avs.
Cornell Square — Wood and West 51st-sts.
Davis Square — 45th-st. and Marshfield-av.
•Douglas 'Branch— 3527 West 12th-st.
Dvorak Park — 20th and Fisk-sts.
Eckhart Park— Chieago-av. and Noble-st.
Forrestville School — 45th-st. and St. Lawrence-
av.
Fuller Park — 45th-st. and Princeton-av.
Hamilton Park — 72d-st. and Normal-av.
Hamlin Park — Barry and Hoyne-avs.
Hardin Square — Wentworth-av. and 26th-st.
•Hebrew Institute — Taylor -and Lytle-sts.
•Hiram Kelly — >62d-st. and Normal-blvd.
Holstein — Oakley-av. and Ems-st.
tHumboldt — North and Fairfield-avs.
Independence Park — Springfield-av. and Irving
Park-blvd.
Kosciusko Park— 2732 North Avers-av.
•Lewis Institute — 1943 West Madison-st.
tLincoln Center — Oakwood-blvd. & Langley-av.
Logan Square — 3245 Fullerton-av.
McKinley Park— W. 37th-st. and S. Western-bd.
Morse School — N. Sawyer-av. and W. Ohio-st.
tOgden Park — 64th-st. and Racine-av.
Palmer Park — lllth-st. and Indiana-av.
Pulaski Park— <Blackhawk and Noble-sts.
•Rogers Park— 6975 North Clark-st.
Scanlan — 11725 Perry-av.
tSeward Park — Elm and Orleans-sts.
Shedd Park— Millard-av. and West 23d-st.
Sherman Park — Loomis and West 53d-sts.
* Sheridan — 4734-36 North Racine-av.
Stanford Park — 14th-pl. and Union-st.
Stanton Park — Vedder and Rees-sts.
Sumner 'School— Colorado and Kildare-avs.
tTwenty-Sixth Street— 2548 South Homan-av.
George C. Walker Branch — Morgan Park.
West North Avenue Branch — 4021 W. North-av.
Woodlawn — 6247 Kimbark-av.
Deposit Stations.
Albany Park — 3312 Lawrence-av.
Argyle— 5060 North Clark-st.
Armitage — 3605 Armitage-av.
Ashburn— 3719 West 83d-st.
Ashland Avenue — 1254 South Ashland-av.
Association House — 2150 West North-av.
Ayondale — 3052 Belmqnt-av.
Birchwood — 1542 Jarvis-av.
Butler House — 3212 Broadway.
Cheltenham— 2943 East 79th-st.
Chicago, Avenue — 3859 West Chicago-av.
Chicago Lawn— 3509 West 63d-st.
Cicero Avenue — 407 South Cicero-av.
Dauphin Park — 8944 Cottage Grove-av.
Diversey Avenue — 2833 Diversey-av.
Dunning — 3940 Narrngansett-av.
East Austin— 5108 West Clwcago-av.
East Sixty-Third Street— 710 East 63d-st.
East Rogers Park— 6614 Sheridan-rd.
East Thirty-First Street— 304 East 31st-st.
Edison Park — 6701 Olmsted-av.
Fernwood — 104th and Wallace-sts.
Gano — 11640 Wentworth-av.
Garfield— 2856 West Madison-st.
Grand Avenue — 1722 Grand-av.
Grand Crossing— 1318 East 75th-st.
Greenview — 1514 Irving Park-blvd.
Gresham — 8684 Vincennes-av.
Hegrewiseh— 13320 Brandon-av.
Hermosa — 4235 Armitng-e-av.
Homan — 3352 West Madison-st.
Irving Park — 4227 Irving Park-blvd.
Jefferson Park— 4774 Milwaukee-av.
Jewish Educational Alliance— 1243 N. Wood-flt.
Larrabee Street— 2004 Larrabee-st.
Lawndale— 2140 South Crawford-av.
Long-wood— West 97th-st. find Longwood dnv«.
Madison Street — 4216 West Madison-st.
Mayfrir — 4500 Montrose-av.
922
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Milwaukee Avenue — 2314 Milwaukee-av
Montrose — 4410 Milwaukee-av.
North Clark Street— 3932 North Clark-st.
Normal Park— 146 West 69th-st.
North Avenue — 4056 West North-av.
Norwood Park — 6013 Ceylon-av.
Park Manor— 350 East 71st-st.
Paulist— 1122 South Wabash-av.
Ravenswood — 4356 North Hermitage-av.
South Ashland Avenue — 1254 S. Ashland-av.
Southport Avenue— 3711 Southport-av.
South Shore— 6721 Stony Island-av.
South Western Avenue — 728 South Western-av.
"Wakeford— 753 East 75th-st.
Washington Heights— 1400 West 103d-st.
West Brighton— 2845 West 38th-st.
West Englewood— 1901 West 59th-st.
West Harrison Street — 3054 West Harrison-st.
West Pullman— 700 West 120th-st.
West Ravenswood — 4763 Lincoln-av.
West Sixteenth Street— 4024 West 16th-st.
West Twelfth Street— 2013 West 12th-st.
Wieboldt — School-st. and Ashland-av.
High School Libraries.
Austin— 200 North Lotus-av.
Englewood — 6220 South Stewart-av.
Barrison Technical— 2850 24th Street-blvd.
Xiake View — 4015 North Ashland-av.
John Marshall— 3250 West Adams-st.
Nicholas Senn — 5900 North Glenwood-av.
Delivery Stations.
North.
1. Elm and Orleans-i«ts.
2. 2004 Larrabee-st.
3. 2471 Lincoln-av.
4. 4356 N. Hermitage.
5. 4016 Lincoln-ay.
6. 3212 Broadway.
7. 6957 N. Clark-st.
10. 2932 N. Clark-st.
11. 3701 N. Halsted-st.
12. 4734 Racine-av.
13. 3711 Southport-av.
15. 5016 N. Clark-st.
16. 1514 Irving Park-bd.
17. Barry & Hoyne-avs.
18. Vedder and Rees-sts.
19. 4763 Lincoln-av.
20. 3456 N. Hoyne-av.
23. 6568 Sheridan-rd.
South.
1. 6721 Stony Island-av.
2. 304 E. 31st-st
3. Oakwood-blvd. and
Langley-av.
4. 534 W. 43d-st.
6. 49th-st. and Lake
Park-av.
6. 62Kt-st. & Normal-bd.
7. 4623 Grand-blvd.
8. 89th-st. and Muske-
gon-av.
9. 45th and St. Law-
rence-av.
10. 72d-st. & Normal-av.
11. 938 E. 55th-st.
12. 336 E. 39th-st.
13. 636 E. 47th-st.
14. 11725 S. Perry-av.
15. 11100 Indiana-av.
17. 927 E. 63d-st.
18. 1318 E. 75th-st.
19. 45th-st. and Marsh-
fleld-av.
20. 8684 Vincennes-av.
21. 5523 S. Halsted-st.
22. 64th-st. & Racine-av.
23. 33d-st. & Shields-av.
24. Wentworth-av. and
26th-st.
25. 5005 State-st.
28. 5902 Wentworth-av.
:29. 8944 Cottage Grove.
31. 350 E. 71st-st.
35. Halsted & 30th-sts.
36. Wood & W. 51st-sts.
38. 632 E. 61st-st.
39. 6247 Kimbark-av.
40. 2943 E. 79th-St.
42. lllth & S. Hoyne-av.
43. 753 E. 75th-st.
45. 45th-st. and Prince-
ton-av.
West.
1. 14th-pl. & Unlon-st.
2. 1722 Grand-av.
3. 1943 W. Madison-st.
4. 1254 S. Ashland-av.
5. 1243 N. Wood-st.
6. 728 S. Western-av.
7. Springfleld-av. and
Irving Park-blvd.
8. 3555 Ogden-av.
9. 1152 W. Van Buren.
10. 4216 W. Madison-st.
11. 4227 Irving Park-bd.
12. 2856 W. Madison-st.
13. 3052 W. Belmont-av.
14. 2639 N. Rockwell-st.
15. 1003 S. Wood-st.
16. 850 Washington-blvd.
17. 3308 W. 12th-st.
18. 2314 Milwaukee-av.
19. 3605 Armitage-av.
20. Millard & W. 23d-st.
21. Taylor & Lytle-sts.
22. 3859 W. Chicago-av.
23. 3352 W. Madison-st.
24. 953 Grand-av.
25. 5642 W. Lake-st.
26. 2248 W. Ohio-st.
27. 4149 Armitage-av.
28. 3054 W. Harrison-st.
29. 407 S. Cicero-av.
30. 3312 Lawrence-av.
31. 3123-3125 W. 22d-st.
32. 2548 Homan-av.
33. N. Sawyer & Ohio.
34. 4024 W. 16th-st.
35. 20th and Fisk-sts.
36. Chicago-av. and No-
ble-st.
37. Colorado and Kil-
dare-avs.
38. 3406 W. North-av.
39. 2732 N. Avers-av.
40. Ashland and Wa-
bnnsia-avs.
41. 2013 W. 12th-st.
42. 1105 N. California.
43. 1212 S. St. Louis-av.
44. Blackhawk and No-
ble-sts.
45. 3245 Fullerton-av.
47. 2138 W. North-av.
49. 1303 Blue Island-av.
50. 5108 W. Chicago-av.
54. 2553 W. North-ay.
55. 3446 Irving Park-bd.
56. Ems-st. and Oakley.
58. 2833 Diversey-av.
37. Loomis & W. 53d-sts.
THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY.
North Clark street and Walton place.
President — Edward L. Ryerson.
Librarian — William N. C. Carlton.
Secretary — Jesse L. Moss.
Trustees— -Frederick I. Carpenter, Charles H
Hulburd, David B. Jones, Andrew C. Mc-
Laughlin, George Manierre, Horace H. Mar-
tin, Horace S. Oakley. Edward L. Ryerson,
John W. Scott, John A. Spoor. Albert H. Wet-
ten. John P. Wilson. John P. Wilson, Jr.
Hours— From 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. every day ex-
cept Sundays .and the following holidays:
Jan. 1, May 30. July 4. Thanksgiving- and
Christmas.
o™n?,vtJe^be,rry library. Oct. 1, 1918. contained
379,102 books and pamphlets. These are not
circulated, but are for consultation and use
within the library building. The library is free
to the public.
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY.
At the university, 59th street and Ellis avenue.
This library contained July 1, 1918, about
640,890 volumes and 200,000 pamphlets. It is
composed of the general library located in the
Harper Memorial library and the departmental
libraries located in the various departmental
buildings). It is primarily intended for the use
of the faculty and students of the university,
but residents of Chicago engaged in serious study
are permitted to use the reading rooms of the
general library and of the School of Education
and others may have the privilege of drawing
books available for circulation upon the payment
of a fee or on recommendation of a dean or
head of a department of instruction. Properly
accredited scholars visiting Chicago will receive
complimentary cards upon application. The read-
ing room is open to all. The director of the
library is Ernest D. Burton ; the associate direc-
tor is J. C. M. Hanson.
THE JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY.
110 North Wabash avenue, 6th floor.
President— Marvin Hughitt.
Vice-Presidents—Thomas D. Jones and Robert
Forsyth.
Secretary— Walter B. Smith.
Treasurer — William J. Louderback.
Librarian— Clemont W. Andrews.
Board of Directors— Robert T. Lincoln, Frank S.
Johnson, Marvin Hughitt, Thomas D. Jones,
John J. Mitchell. Leonard A. Busby, Robert
Forsyth, Chauncey Keep, Frederick H. Rawson
Albert A. Sprague II., Walter B. Smith, Chaun-
cey B. Borland and the mayor and the comp-
troller of the city of Chicago ex offlcio.
Hours— The library is open daily, except Sun-
day, from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m.
The John Crerar library contained in October,
1918, 395,775 volumes and 145,764 pamphlets on the
social, physical, natural and medical sciences and
their applications. They cannot be taken from
the library, but may be freely consulted by all
who wish to do so.
CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY.
North Dearborn and West Ontario streets.
President — Clarence A. Burley.
First Vice-Presi.dent — George Merryweather.
Second Vice-President — Dr. Otto L. Schmidt.
Secretary — Seymour Morris.
Treasurer — Orson Smith.
Librarian — Caroline M. Mcllvalne.
Executive Committee— William H. Bush, Charles
F. Gunther, C. J. Hambleton, Chauncey Keep,
Julian S. Mason, Seymour Morris, Henry J.
Patten, Edward L. Ryerson.
The library, museum and portrait gallery are
open free to the public from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
on weekdays. It is a repository of matter re-
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
923
lating to the history and archaeology of the north-
west, particularly of Chicago, comprising some
40,000 volumes and 75,000 pamphlets and a large
collection of MSS., maps, views, etc., illustrative
of the development of Illinois and the central
west.
RYERSON LIBRARY.
Art institute, Michigan avenue and Adams street.
The Ryerson library of the Art institute is
devoted to works on fine art and travel. It con-
tains about 12,000 volumes and collections of 35,000
photographs and 18,000 lantern slides. The Burn-
ham Library of Architecture, kept in the Ryer-
son library, contains about 2,000 books on archi-
tecture. Open daily from 9 to 5 ; Mondays,
Wednesdays and Fridays until 9:30 p. m. ; Sun-
days 2 to 8 p. in. (Open free Wednesdays, Sat-
urdays, Sundays and three evenings from 6 to
9:30.) The library is primarily for the students
of the institute, but is practically a free refer-
ence library on fine art. Librarian, Sarah Louise
Mitchell.
ELBERT H. GARY LAW LIBRARY.
Northwestern University building. North Dear-
bora and West Lake streets, Chicago.
The Gary Library of Law was the gift of Elbert
H. Gary of New York, N. Y., to Northwest-
ern University Law school. It is open, without
charge, to nonresident lawyers presenting satis-
factory credentials. Resident lawyers who are
graduates of Northwestern University Law school
are charged a registration fee of $1 per year
for the privilege of using the library; all other
resident lawyers are charged a registration fee
of $4 a year. The library in 1918 contained about
46,000 volumes. Librarian, F. B. Crossley.
FIELD MUSEUM: OF NATURAL HISTORY
LIBRARY.
Jackson park.
The museum library occupies three rooms In
the north end of the building and is open to the
public every weekday from 9 a. m. to 4:30 p. m.
It is a scientific reference library. Visitors can
consult books by making application to the office
of the library. The magazines in the reading
room are accessible to the public. Sept. 30, 1918,
the library contained approximately 70,000 books
and pamphlets. Librarian, Elsie Lippiucott.
LEWIS INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
West Madison and Robey streets.
The Lewis Institute library contains nbont
24,000 volumes and 9,000 pamphlets. The public
la invited to use the library for reference, but
books are loaned only to instructors and students
of the institute. Throughout the school year the
library is open from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily
except on Saturday, when it closes at 3 p. m. :
during the session of the night school the library
Is also open from 8 a. m. to 9:30 p. m. Libra-
rian, Miss Frances S. Talcott.
ST. IGNATIUS COLLEGE LIBRARY.
1076 West 12th street.
The library of the college of arts of Loyola
university contains more than 45.000 volumes
for the use of the faculty and students, but may
be consulted by others on application to the li-
brarian. Open from 8 a. m. to 4 p. m. Libra-
rian. A. 3. Garvy. S. J.
EVANSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Orrington avenue and Church street.
Free to residents of Evanston and open to oth-
ers on payment of an annual fee of $2.50, or 25
cents a month. Reference department free to all.
Library open from 8:30 a. m. to 9:30 p. m. week-
days. Reading room open from 2 to 6 p. m., Sun-
days, except during July and August, and holi-
days, except Jan. 1. July 4, Thanksgiving day
and Dec. 25. The Coe music collection, which
contains about 1,600 books, 400 pieces of sheet
music and 600 pianola rolls, Is open to all. The
medical science room, containing over 900 medi-
ical books and periodicals, is open to resident
physicians and nurses and to others by special
arrangement. The total number of volumes June
1, 1918, was 61, 618. Librarian, Marcus* Skarstedt.
OAK PARK PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Grove avenue and Lake street. Oak Park.
The Oak Park public library contains about
33,000 volumes. It is open every day except Sun-
days and holidays from 9 a. m. to 8:30 p. m.;
south branch, Harrison street, near Gunderson
avcnne, open afternoons 2 to 6 and evenings
7 to 9. Librarian, Helen A. Bagley.
PULLMAN PUBLIC LIBRARY.
73 to 77 Arcade building, Pullman, 111.
Contains 10.000 volumes. Library open from 10
a. m. to 5:30 p. m. and in the evenings from 6:45
to 9 o'clock: also Sundays and holidays, 2 to 6
p. m. Librarian, Bertha S. Ludlam; assistants,
Caroline H. Mott and Freda Grapes.
HAMMOND LIBRARY.
5757 University avenue.
The Hammond library of the Chicago Theologi-
cal seminary contains over 33,000 volumes. It ia
intended for the use of the faculty and students
of the Chicago Theological seminary, but may
be used by clergymen and others. The library
is open on weekdays from Oct. 5 to Aug. 31
from 9 a. m. to 12 m. and from 1 to 5 p. m.;
Saturdays, 9 a. m. to 12 m. : closed Sundays.
Librarian, Rev. Harry T. Stock.
VIRGINIA LIBRARY.
826 Belden avenue.
The Virginia library of the McCormick Theo-
logical seminary contains more than 44,500 vol-
umes and is open every weekday of the y,ear
except legal holidays not only to those Imme-
diately connected with the seminary but to oth-
ers as well. The hours are 9 a. m. till 5 p. m.
and 7:30 till 9:30 p. m. while the seminary is in
session, and the same during the vacations with
the exception of tho evening hours and Saturday
afternoons. Librarian, Rev. John F. Lyons.
GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
Evanston. 111.
This is a reference library of theology for the
use of the faculty and students of the institute
and neighboring clergymen, but open to the pub-
lic October to September from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m.
and from 7 to 10 p. m. Oct. 1, 1918, the library
contained 63,279 volumes and 20,873 pamphlets.
Librarian, Doremus A. Hayes: assistant libra-
rian in. charge, Samuel G. Ayres.
CHICAGO LAW INSTITUTE LIBRARY.
1025 county building.
President — Charles J. O'Connor.
Secretary— Alfred E. Barr.
Treasurer — Frederic S. Hebard.
Librarian— William H. Holden.
The library contains about 65,000 volumes.
CHILDREN'S SCIENCE LIBRARY.
The Chicago Academy of Sciences. Lincoln park,
contains more than 500 volumes for children on
natural history, including plants, animals, astron-
omy, geography and Industries. The rending room
is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. each weekday.
WESTERN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS.
1735 Monadnock block.
The technical library maintained by this society
contains about 10,000 volumes upon the subject of
engineering. Members of the society may borrow
books from the collection. Nonmembcrs may re-
ceive this privilege upon the deposit of a re-
quired amount. The library is open to the public
from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. (except Saturday, when
the hours are from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m.). Secre-
tory, Edgar S. Nethercut; librarian, Virginia
Savage.
924
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION LI-
BRARY.
Room 2132, 175 West Jackson boulevard.
The library of the Fire Underwriters' Associa-
tion of the Northwest contains 4,500 bound vol-
umes, containing information relative to fire in-
surance and allied subjects. Library open from
9:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m., except Saturdays, when
it ia closed at 1 o'clock.
The library of the Fire Insurance club of Chi-
cago, room 2132 Insurance Exchange building,
175 W Jackson boulevard, contains 800 volumes
on fire Insurance. Hours same as above. Li-
brarian. Jeannette O. McFarland.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES.
Evanston and Chicago.
The Northwestern university libraries contained
175 431 bound volumes and 141,693 pamphlets July
1, 1918. The Evanston part of the library is open
during the college year from 8 a. m. to 9 p. m.
daily, except Sunday, and during the summer
vacation from S a. m. to 12 m. and from 1:30 to
5 p. m. The building is known as the Orrington
Lunt library. Other parts of Northwestern uni-
versity libraries are located in Northwestern Uni-
versity building, North Dearborn and West Lake
streets, Chicago, and in the Northwestern Medi-
cal school, 25th and South Dearborn streets, Chi-
cago. Librarian (vacancy).
MAYWOOD PUBLIC LIBRARY.
South 5th avenue near St. Charles avenue.
The Maywood public library, the building for
which was given by Andrew Carnegie, in Octo-
ber, 1918, contained 8,365 books and pamphlets.
Householders or persons vouched for by house-
MUNICIPAL REFERENCE LIBRARY.
1005 city hall.
The Municipal Reference library contains books,
pamphlets and other data, relating to municipal
government in Chicago and other cities. It pro-
vides and renders available for the use of mem-
bers of the Chicago city council, its various com-
mittees and special commissions and municipal
department and bureau heads and other city
officials and employes public reports, documents,
books, pamphlets and other data bearing upon
municipal, legislative and administrative projects,
plans and proposals, keeps on file all official pub-
lic reports issued by the various governmental
agencies in the city of Chicago and the annual
reports, charters and ordinances of other cities.
The library is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
and until 12 m. on Saturday. Frederick Rex,
municipal reference librarian.
PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION
LIBRARY.
Room 1543 Conway building. Ill West Wash-
ington street.
The library of the Portland Cement associa-
tion is a reference library on the literature of
the cement industry. It contains some 2,000
books, 5.000 pamphlets and 4.000 mounted
clippings. The library is open from 8:30 a. m.
to 5 :15 p. m., except on Saturdays, when it
closes at 1 o'clock. It is a free public
reference library. Librarian. Mary B. Day.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
President— Stanley Field.
Vice-Presidents—Martin A. Ryerson. Watson F.
Blair.
Director of the Museum and Secretary— Fred-
erick J. V. Skiff.
Treasurer — Solomon A. Smith.
Assistant Secretary and Recorder— D. C. Davnes.
The Field Museum of Natural History, estab-
lished in 1894 at the close of the World's Co-
lumbian Exposition of 1893, occupies the tem-
porary building1 erected for fine arts in Jackson
park the exposition site. The founding- of a
scientific institution of this character in 'Chi-
cago was made possible by the gift of $1,000,-
000 by Marshall Field, who on his death (Jan.
16, 1906) bequeathed the institution a further
$8 000,000. $4,000,000 for the erection of a
permanent building and 84,000,000 for endow-
ment. In addition $1,500,000 has been donat-
ed by other individuals and there is an annual
income from other sources than endowment of
about $25.000. The citizens of Chicago have
confirmed legislative provision for the levy of
a tax for the maintenance of the museum
when a new building shall have been erected,
which it is estimated will eventually produce
approximately 8100,000 per annum.
The new building is now near completion,
near and south of 12th street extended in an
easterly direction. The architecture of this
building is ornamental and dignified in charac-
ter, as befits its location in a public park. The
g-eneral architecture of the present building in
Jackson park has been retained as well as the
beautiful effects of the colonnade structure.
The nucleus of the exhibition material was
gathered by gift and purchase at the World's
Columbian Exposition. Most of this material,
however, has since been 'rearranged, readapted
or discarded. Several departments created at
the organization have been abandoned, until,
after the lapse of twentv years and the expend-
iture of approximately $6,500,000, the museum
ie now divided into five departments — namely.
anthropology, botany, geology and zoology, and
the Harris public school extension. Many ex-
peditions for the purpose of obtaining study,
exhibition and exchange material and data have
been dispatched all over the world. The re-
sults of these expeditions, investigations and
researches have been published by the museum
from time to time, which publications have
been distributed to kindred societies and insti-
tutions both at home and abroad. An im-
portant contribution of $250,000 by Norman
W. Hams was announced in December, 1911.
for the extension of the work of the museum
into the public schools of Chicago. The plans
for carrying out Mr. Harris' wishes were placed
in operation in the spring of 1913. The mu-
seum has a working library of about 70.000
titles, an extensive exchange system, fully
equipped departmental laboratories, a herbari-
um of more than 500,000 sheets, study collec-
tions in mammals and birds reaching many
thousand specimens, a large two story taxi-
dermy section, a well equipped printing shop,
illustration studios and assaying and lapidary
rooms. In North American ethnology, in the
world's mineralogy, in economic botany, the
museum is particuarly prominent, while its se-
ries of mounted mammals furnishes examples
of advanced museum methods. The present main
building covers nine acres and is open to the
public on all days except Christmas and
Thanksgiving. An admission fee of 25 cents is
charged except on Saturdays and Sundays,
when admission is free to all. Students, schol-
ars and teachers are admitted free on all days
between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m.
The museum is incorporated under state law
and the administrative control rests in a board
of trustees with president, secretary, etc. The
executive of the museum is the director, under
whom there are five head curators with divi-
sional assistant curators, preparators. etc. The
entire museum records, the accessions system,
the historical files, publications and supplies
are in charge of a recorder.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
925
MUSIC IN CHICAGO.
CHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA.
Founded by Theodore Thomas.
The Theodore Thomas orchestra was organized
In Chicago in 1890-1891 by a number of men in-
terested in promoting the highest class of instru-
mental music. The Orchestral association was
Incorporated Dec. 16. 1890, and Theodore Thomas,
famous for many years as a conductor, was en-
gaged to lead the new organization, which was
then named the Chicago orchestra. The prepara-
tions were completed in 1891 and the first public
rehearsal was given at the Auditorium Friday
afternoon. Oct. 16, of that year. Financially the
result of the first season was discouraging, the
fifty or more gentlemen guaranteeing the expenses
being compelled to meet a deficit of about $53,000.
Receipts, however, continued to increase from
year to year until the orchestra was finally
placed on a permanent basis. This was accom-
plished when Orchestra hall, erected by sub-
scriptions from more than 8,000 persons, was
completed at 220 South Michigan avenue, and the
organization was provided with a home of its
own. The first concert there was given Wednes-
day evening. Dec. 14, 1904. Theodore Thomas
died Jan. 4, 1905. and the orchestra, which until
then had been called the Chicago orchestra, was
named the Theodore Thomas orchestra. Feb. 24,
1913. the title was changed to the Chicago Sym-
phony orchestra (founded by Theodore Thomas).
Frederick Stock, after ^the death of Mr. Thomas,
was- made conductor, a position he held until Oct.
2, 1918. when he withdrew until he could acquire
citizenship in the United States. His place was
taken by Eric De Lamarter. The plan of giving
two performances a week — a public rehearsal on
Friday afternoon and a concert on Saturday eve-
ning—has been followed from the beginning. The
season consists of twenty-eight weeks, beginning
in October and ending in April.
The first officers of the Orchestral association
were: N. K. Fairbank. president: C. Norman
Fay, vice-president: P. A. McEwan, treasurer
and secretary: Milward Adams, manager.
Officers in 1918.
President— Clyde M. Carr.
Vice-President— Charles H. Hamill.
Second Vice-President — Joseph Adams.
Secretary— Philo A. Otis.
Treasurer and Business Manager— Frederick J.
Wessells.
Assistant Treasurer— Henry E. Voegeli.
Trustees — Joseph Adams, William L. Brown, Clyde
M. Carr, Clarence A. Burley, Edward B. Butler,
J. J. Glessner, C. H. Hamill, Charles L. Hutch-
inson, Chauncey Keep, Harold F. McCormick,
Seymour Morris, Horace S. Oakley, Philo A.
Otis, Albert A. Sprague II.. Charles H. Swift.
Office— 850 Orchestra building.
CHICAGO OPERA ASSOCIATION.
The Chicago Opera association, known until
1915 as the Chicago Grand Opera company, was
established in 1910 by a number of citizens of
Chicago and New York, who organized with a
capital of $500,000, of which $300,000 was sub-
scribed in Chicago and the remainder in the east.
The Auditorium was leased, important alterations
were made and the first performance by the new
company was given there in November. 1910. The
officers were:
President— Harold F. McCormick.
Vice-Presidents—Charles G. Dawes and Otto H.
Kahn.
Treasurer — Charles L. Hutchinson.
Secretary— Philip M. Lydig.
Chairman Executive Committee— Clarence H.
Mackay.
Vice-Chairman Executive Committee — John C.
Shaffer.
Directors — The above named officers and Robert
Goelet, Frederick T. Haskell. John J. Mitchell.
Ira N. Morris. La Verne W. Noyes, Max Pam.
Julius Rosenwald, John G. Shedd. Charles A.
Stevens. Harry Payne Whitney, H. Rogers
Winthrop.
General Manager— Andreas Dippel.
General Musical Director — Cleofonte Campanini.
Business Manager — Bernhard Ulrich.
First Season (1910-1911).
First performance ("Aida") given Nov. 3. 1910.
First season ended Jan. 18. 1911.
Receipts $400,407.50.
Operas produced for the first time in Chicago:
Debussy's "Pelleas et Melisande" (Nov. 5.
1910).
Charpentier's "Louise" (Nov. 9. 1910).
Richard Strauss' "Salome" (Nov. 25, 1910).
Massenet's "Thais" (Dec. 6. 1910).
Puccini's "The Girl of the Golden West" (Dec.
27. 1910). «
Principal singers:
Mary Garden.
Nellie Melba.
Geraldine Farrar.
Lillian Grenville.
Carolina White.
Marguerita Sylva.
Suzanne Dumesnil.
Jeanne Korolewicz.
Enrico Caruso.
Amedeo Bassl.
Charles Dalmores.
Mario {Sammarco.
Antonio Scotti.
Mario Guardabassi.
John McCormack.
Hector Dufranne.
Jane Osborn-Hannah.
Eleonora de Cisneros.
Johanna Gadski.
Second Season (1911-1912).
First performance ("Samson et Dalila") Nov.
22. 1911.
Second season ended Jan. 27. 1912.
Receipts, $471.600.98.
Operas produced for first time in Chicago:
Massenet's "Cendrillon" (Nov. 27, 1911).
Wolf -Ferrari's "II Segreto di Susanna" (Dec.
Massepet's "Le Jongleur de Notre Dame"
(Dec. 7).
Victor Herbert's "Natoma" (Dec. 15).
Jean Nougues' "Quo Vadis" (Dec. 20).
Wolf-Ferrari's "The Jewels of the Madonna"
(Jan. 16, 1912).»
*First time in America.
Principal singers:
Marie Cavan.
Jenny Dufau.
Alice Zeppilli.
Rosina Galli.
Henri Scott.
Hector Dufranne.
Mario Sammarco.
Armand Crabbe.
Charles Dalmores.
Amedeo Bassi.
Edmund Warnery.
George Hamlin.
Mario Guardabassi.
Clarence Whitehill.
John McCormack.
Third Season (1912-1913).
First performance ("Manon Lescaut") NoV. 26,
1912.
Third season ended Feb. 1, 1913.
Receipts for ten weeks, $508,000.
Operas produced for the first time in Chicago:
Erlanger's "Noel" (Jan. 8. 1913).*
Zandonal's "Conchita" (Jan. 30. 1913).
•First time in the United States.
Principal singers:
Mary Garden.
Luisa Tetrazzini.
Maggie Teyte.
TarqnLiia Tarquini.
Jenny Dufau.
Mabol Rlrgelman.
Minnie Egener.
Carolina White.
Eleonora de Cisneros.
Ruby Heyl.
Alice Zeppilli.
Marie Cavan.
Mary Garden.
Luisa Tetrazzini.
Ernestine Schumann-
Heink.
Olive Fremstad.
Maggie Teyte.
Jane Osborn-Hannah. •
Jeanne Gerville-Reach.
Minnie Saltzman-Ste-
vens.
Carolina White.
Marta Wittkowska.
Eleonora de Cisneros.
Agnes Berry.
Mabel Riegelman.
Ernestine Schumann-
Heink.*
Minnie Saltzman-
Stevens.
Louise Berat.
Titta Ruffo.
Mario Sammarco.
Charles Dalmores.
Aristodemo Giorginl.
Cpnstantin Nieolay.
Nicolo Fossetta.
Henri Scott.
Emilio Venturini.
•Guest artists.
Lilian Nordica.*
Jane Osborn-Hannah.
Fourth Season (191S-19H).
First performance ("La Tosca") Nov. 25. 191S.
Fourth season ended Jan. 31, 1914.
926
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Frieda Hempel.*
Frances Aldi.*
Florence Macbeth.
Nellie Melba.»
Titta Ruffo.
Charles Dalmores.
Aristodemo Giorgini.
Gustave Huberdeau.
Henri Scott.
Luclen Muratore.
Clarence Whitehill.
George Hamlin.
Nicolo Fossetta.
Armand Crabbe.
Hector Dufranne.
*Guest artists.
Operas produced for the first time in Chicago:
Massenet's "Don Quichotte" (Nov. 26. 1913).
Alberto Franchetti's "Cristoforo Colombo"
(Dec. 4, 1913>.
Wilhelm Kienzl's "Le Ranz des Vaches" (Dec.
9. 1913).
Leoncavallo's "Zingari" (Dec. 19. 1913).
Principal singers:
•Mary Garden.
Carolina White.
Minnie Egener.
Alice Zeppilli.
Jane Osborn-Hannah.
Louise Berat.
Mabel Riegelman.
Julia Claussen.
Margaret Keyea.
Jenny Dufau.
Lina Cavalieri.
Maggie Teyte.
Minnie Saltzinan-
Stevens.
Ernestine Schumann-
Heink.
Fifth Season (1915-1916).
Owing to the war in Europe no performances
were given by the Chicago Grand Opera company
during the season of 1914-1915. The organization
went into liquidation and was reorganized, taking
the name Chicago Opera association. Cleofonte
Campanini made the necessary arrangements for
artists and the performance of operas was re-
sumed in November, 1915.
First performance ("La Gioconda") Nov. 15,
1915.
Fifth season ended Jan. 22, 1916.
Operas produced for the first time In Chicago:
Saint-Saens' "Dejanire" (Dec. 9, 1915).
Massenet's "Cleopatre" (Jan. 10, 1916).
Bucholter's "A Lover's Knot" (Jan. 16, 1916).
Leoncavallo's "Zaza" (Jan. 17, 1916).
Principal singers:
Emmy Destinn.
Louise Kdvina. •
Marguerite Beriza.
Florence Macbeth.
Nellie Melba.
Marcla Van Dresser.
Julia Claussen.
Ernestine Schumann-
Heink.
Eleonora de Cisneros.
Edna Darch.
Carmen Melis.
Geraldine Farrar.
Olive Fremstad.
Maria Kousnezoff.
Lucien Muratore.
Hector Dufranne.
Charles Dalmores.
Constantin Nicolay.
John McCormack.
Desire Defrere.
Clarence Whitehill.
Francis Maclennan.
William Beck.
Sixth Season (1916-1917).
First performance ("Aida"), Nov. 13, 1916.
Sixth season ended Jan. 22, 1917.
Operas produced for the first time in Chicago:
Zandonai's "Francesca da Rimini" (Jan. 6,
1917).
Massenet's "Griselidis" (Jan. 12, 1917).
Gunsbourg's "The Old Eagle" (Jan. 20. 1917).
Principal singers:
Lucien Muratore.
Hector Dufranne.
Marcel Journet.
Charles Dalmores.
Giulio Crimi.
Amelita Galli-Curcl.
Mary Garden.
Irene Pawloska.
Louise Berat.
Geraldine Farrar.
Julia Claussen.
Marguerita Buckler.
Maria Claessens.
Giacomo Rimini.
Francesco Daddi.
Juan Nadol.
The conductors were Cleofonte Campanini and
Marcel Charlier.
Seventh Season (191T-1918).
First performance ("Isabeau"), Nov. 12. 1917.
Season ended Jan. 19. 1918.
Operas produced for the first time in Chicago;
Mascagni's "Isabeau" (Nov. 12, 1917).
Hadley's "Azora" (Dec. 26. 1917).*
Nevin'9 "A Daughter of the Forest" (Jan. £.
1918).*
Massenet's "Sapho" (Jan. 10, 1918).
Lazzari's "Le Sauteriot" (Jan. 19. 1918).*
•First performance anywhere.
Principal singers:
Amelita Galli-Curci.
Rosa Raise.
Nellie Melba.
Mary Garden.
Genevieve Vix.
Carolina Lazzari.
Margery Maxwell.
Francesca Peralta.
Evelyn Parnell.
Hector Dufranne.
Giulio Crimi.
Giacomo Rimini.
Georges Baklanoff.
John McCormack.
Gustave Huberdeau.
Octave Dua.
Alfred Maguenat.
Forrest Lament.
James Goddard.
Lucien Muratore.
The conductors were Cleofonte Campanini and
Marcel Charlier.
Officers, 1918.
President — Judson F. Stone.
Vice-President — Charles G. Dawes.
Secretary and Treasurer — Herbert M. Johnson.
Office — 58 East Congress street.
CIVIC MUSIC ASSOCIATION.
Founded 1913.
Honorary President— Mrs. George B. Carpenter.
President— William H. Rehni.
First Vice-President— John Alden Carpenter.
Second Vice-President—Horace S. Oakley.
Secretary— Mrs. Frederick W. Upham.
Treasurer — Charles L. Hutchinson.
Superintendent— Herbert E. Hyde.
Office— 637 Fine Arts building, 410 South Michigan
avenue. —
THE APOLLO MUSICAL CLUB OF CHICAGO.
Organized In 1871.
President — C. S. Jackson.
Vice-President—Charles J. Chamberlain.
Secretary— Armour Armstrong.
Business Manager and Treasurer— Maude N. Rea.
Conductor — Harrison M. Wild.
THE CHICAGO MENDELSSOHN CLUB,
President— John W. Williams.
Secretary— Allen M. Weary.
Treasurer — John L. Lehnhard.
Business Manager — Harriet Martin Snow.
Conductor— Harrison M. Wild.
THE CHICAGO BAND ASSOCIATION.
President— Harry H. Merrick.
Secretary— Frank E. Scott.
Treasurer— Edmund D. Hulbert.
Conductor— William Weil.
Office— 230 South LaSalle street, room 506.
MUSICIANS CLUB OF WOMEN.
President— Mrs. John F. Smulski.
Vice-Presidents — Miss Helen B. Lawrence and
Mrs. A. F. Oallahan.
Secretary— Mrs. Charles F. Everett.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN ILLINOIS.
TJnder the state law of 1913 women in Illi-
nois may vote for presidential electors, mem-
bers of the state board of equalization, clerk
of the Appellate court, county collector, county
surveyor, members of board of assessors, mem-
bers of board of review, sanitary district trus-
tees and frr all the officers of cities, villages
and towns (except police magistrates), munici-
pal judges and upon all questions or propo-
sitions submitted for approval at elections.
They may also vote lor the following township
officers: Supervisor, town clerk, assessor, col-
lector and highway commissioner.
Woman voters must be citizens of the United
States, 21 years of age or more, resident
in the state one year, in the county ninety
days and in the election district thirty days
next preceding- the election. Women must rec-
ister in the same manner as male voters.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
927
POPULATION
LATE CENSUSES AND ESTIMATES.
Government estimate (1918) 2.596,681
Federal census (1910) 2,185,283
OF CHICAGO.
Year. South.
May. 1898 680,527
May. 1900 725,691
West. North. Total.
844.244 326.817 1.851.58S
938,883 ' 343,121 2,007^695
764,621 297,430 1,714,144
872,056 327.986 1.924.060
,003,261 372,853 2,189,520
,133,197 417.511 2,437,526
,158,497 426,827 2,491,939
inclassified. fEstimated
librarian. /
lults was taken by the
s iu 1906, 1910, 1912 or
NALITIES (1910).
census report.]
eludes all white persons
reign birth or parentage
s:
*Per
Country. Total, cent.
Norway .. 47,235 2.8
Roumania. 4.322 0.3
Russia ... 184,757 10.9
Scotland . 22.840 1.3
Sweden .. 116.740 6.9
Switzerland 7.192 0.4
Turkey
(Asia) ... 1.486 0.1
Turkey
(Europe). 758 t
Wales 4.686 0.3
All other.. 165.531 3.9
School board estimate (1916) 2,550,000
City directory (1917) 2,652.000
POPULATION BY CENSUS YEARS.
1840 4,479 1880 503.298
May. 1908 724.018
Apr., 1910.. 813,406 1
May. 1914 886,818 1
Oct. 1916f 906,615 1
•Exclusive of 16,222 i
by municipal reference
NOTE — No census of a
school board enumerate]
1914.
FOREIGN NATIC
[From federal
The following table In
In Chicago in 1910 ol fo
classified by nationalitie
»Per
Country. Total, cent.
Austria ... 227.958 13.5
Belgium .. 3,931 0.2
Canada.Fr. 12.873 0.8
Canada, other.53.580 3.2
Denmark... 20.772 1.2
England .. 63,054 3.7
Finland ... 1.569 0.1
France .... 7,138 0.4
Germany . 501 832 29 6
1850 28,269
1890 1,099.850
I860 109.206
1900 1,698,575
1870 298 977
1910 2,185,283
Bate of
Period. Ratio.
1840 to 1850 5703
Increase.
Period. Ratio.
1880 to 1890 118 6
1850 to 1860 264.6
1890 to 1900 54.4
1860 to 1870 173.6
1900 to 1910 28.7
1870 to 1880 68.3
)1 census for May 4, 1914,
Df increase for the four
close to the 28 per ceat
n 1900 to 1910.
The figures of the scho<
showed a normal ratio
years from 1910 to 1914
ratio for the decade froc
POPULATION BY WARDS.
Estimated population of wards of Chicago pre-
pared for the committee on judiciary of the city
council. Aid. Otto Kerner chairman, by Fred-
erick Rex of the municipal reference library.
Ward. Population. Ward. Population.
1 45,935 20 58.870
2 59,217
21 62.823
Greece .... 7,454 0.4
Holland ... 20.456 1.2
Hungary .. 37,990 2.2
Ireland .... 204.821 12.1
Italy 74.943 4.4
•Of white population ol
age. tNative whites w
in different foreign cou
tenth of 1 per cent.
Nativity am
Country. Foreign boi
3 69,229
22 59,962
4 66,030
5 69,430
6 81,626
7 79,524
8 69,248
9 74,181
30 56.953
11 67,148
23 69,359
24 66,884
25 95,541
26 82,428
27 110,650
28 69.272
29 100,986
30 63,439
Total ...1.693.918 100.0
1 foreign birth or parent-
hose parents were born
ntries. JLess than one-
', Parentage.
, Native. ,
•Parents tOne parent
n. foreign. foreign.
85,208 10,691
904 362
4,507 3,733
7,202 20,065
7,020 2.268
14,860 20,304
339 39
1,845 2,263
244,185 75,366
697 193
8,070 2,754
8,286 766
89.346 39,512
27,737 2,037
18,156 4,893
931 47
58,417 4,554
6,279 6,258
46,321 7,384
2,033 1,666
284 27
36 11
1,467 1,401
±60.889 1.088
12 65.419
31 71,116
13 72,023
14 67,724
32 93,780
33 90.615
15 83,755
34 88.323
16 64,234
35 86,276
Belgium 2,665
18 .. 57,804
Total 2,544,249
Canada, French.. 4.633
Canada, other... 26,313
19 56.103
POPULATION
[•School cens
Year. South.
Dec.. 1853.... 26.592
Aug.. 1856.... 30,339
Oct.. 1862.... 45,470
Oct., 1864 56.955
Oct.. 1866 58.755
Oct.. 1868.... 71,073
Aug.. 1870.... 87.461
Oct.. 1872.... 88.946
Oct.. 1874.... 96.771
Oct 1876 104 768
BY DIVISIONS.
»us reports.!
West. North. Total.
14.679 17.859 60.130
28,250 25,524 84,113
57.193 35,525 138.186
73.475 38.923 169.353
90,739 50,924 200.418
118,435 62,546 252,054
149,780 70,354 306.605
214,344 64.556 367.391
220,874 77.763 395.408
222.545 80.348 407.661
237.606 88.009 436.731
269,971 99,513 491.516
312.687 112,258 560.693
351.931 128,490 629.985
392.905 138.533 703.817
454.267 154.220 802.951
555,983 238.764 1,208.669
645,428 279.846 1.438.010
696.535 307.212 1.567.727
734,245 286,870 *1.600.413
England 27890
Finland 1 191
France 3 030
German ' 182281
Greece 6,564
Holland 9 632
Ireland 65,963
Italv 45,169
Norway 24186
Roumania 3,344
Russia 121,786
Scotland 10,303
Oct.. 1878 111.116
June. 1880 122 032
Switzerland 3,493
Turkey (Asia)... 1,175
Turkey (Europe) 711
Wales 1,818
All other 3,554
June, 1882 135,648
May, 1884 149,564
May, 1886 172.379
May. 1890 413.922
May. 1892 515.736
Total 781.217 705.019 207,682
*Both parents born in same foreign country.
tOne parent foreign born, the other native born.
JParents born in different foreign countries.
May. 1894 562.980
Apr.. 1896 585,298
COLOR AND NATIVITY.
White 2,139.057
Negro 44,103
Black 25,760
Mulatto 18,343
Indian 108
Chinese 1,778
Japanese 233
All other 4
Native white —
Native parentage 445,139
Foreign or mixed par.. 912.701
Foreign born white 781-217
SEX.
Total— Male 1.125,764
Female 1,059. 519
White— Male 1,101.110
Female 1.037.947
Negro— Male 22.685
Female 21.418
MALES OF VOTING AGE.
Total number 700.590
Native white— Native par. 125.703
Native white — For. par.. 175.397
Foreign born white 379.850
N««rro 17.845
Chinese, etc 1.795
CITIZENSHIP.
Foreign Born White.
Naturalized 190,693
First papers 31,585
Alien 124.553
Unknown 33.019
ILLITERACY.
Illiterate Males of Voting
Age.
Total number 35,("58
Percent 5.1
Native white •
Foreign born white 34.145
Negro ,..- 546
928
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Persons 10 Years Old and
Over.
Total number ............. 1.770,222
Persons 10 to 20 Years. Inc.
Number illiterate ........ 79,911
Total number ............. 443.003
Wumber illiterate
6,541
SCHOOL AGE AND ATTEND-
ANCE.
Number 6 to 20 years old 594,012
Attending school ....... 349.037
Per cent at school — 58.8
.
Number 6 to 14 years old 336.808
Attending school ....... 296,766
Per cent at school ..... 88.1
DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES.
Dwellings ................ 246,744
Families * ................. 473.141
CHICAGO SCHOOL CENSUS OF MARCH 87, 1916.
Taken under the supervision of William L. Bodine for the board of education.
TOTAL POPULATION.
MINOR POPULATION BY AGE.
Taking the minor population conservative multi-
Under 4 Years-
ple, which proved to b
« the only one success-
Fe- n'o-
fully close to the actual federal enumeration of
the total population in 1910, Mr. Bodine estimated
the total population of all ages in Chicago in
1916 at 2,550,000. This would be an increase of
112,474 as compared with the school census of
1914, which covered all ages and showed a total
population of 2,437,526. Mr. Bodine pointed out
that the ratio of increase in both the minor
and total ' population had been appreciably re-
tarded in 'the two years by the decrease in immi-
gration from Europe, by the return of many
foreign born parents to take part in the war,
by the trend of many families to the suburbs
close to Chicago but outside the city limits
where they could not be included in the census,
and_ by the growth of apartment houses with
War
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d. Male
1,246
1,562
2,277
3,614
3,878
2,299
2,514
4,077
4,243
3,455
4,341
4,080-
2,293
3,143
3,965
male. Total.
1,035 2,281
1,243 2,805
1,941 4,218
3,692 7,306
3,679 7,557
1,976 4,275
2,305 4,819
3,660 7,737
3,668 7,911
3,373 6,828
4,159 8,500
3,662 7,742
2,146 4,439
2,984 6,127
3,605 7,570
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19. .. 3,872 3,583 7,455
20. .. 3,261 3,099 6,360
21. .. 1,450 1,379 2,829
22. .. 3,443 3,139 6,582
23. .. 2,610 2,121 4,731
24. .. 2,990 2,629 5,619
25. .. 2,828 2,577 5,405
26. .. 3,363 3,117 6,480
27. .. 5,430 5,059 10,489
28. .. 3,257 2,894 6,151
29. .. 6,001 5,504 11,505
30. .. 3,139 2,824 5,963
31. .. 2,572 2,484 5,056
32. .. 3,649 3,426 7,075
33. .. 3,818 3,342 7,160
limited space.
16.
4,343
4,128 8,471
34. .. 4,049 3,693 7,742
HCTXT/-\T> T>/^T>TTT A frrr^MkT CITXTina *r\ni*
17.
4,616
4,320 8,936
35. .. 3,543 3,062 6,605
M1NUK SfUrULiA.
1906 706,550
Lavui puxua j.9uo.
1912 882516
18.
1,841 1,041 3,382
T'l.117,062 107,049 224,111
1908 747,347
1914 954,413
V
uer 4 una unaer o x ears.
1910 814,115
1916 996 059
Ward. Male
Fe-
male.Total.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
. 1..
636
593 1,229
19.... 1,816 1,760 3,576
AGE AND SEX CL.
OSSIFICATION, 1916.
2..
857
846 1,703
20.... 1,753 1,767 3,520
Age. Ma
Under 4 years 117,
le. Female. Total.
)62 107,049 224,111
153 55,763 112,916
360 31,960 64,020
179 152,368 304,547
238 48,711 96,949
304 103,712 193,516
3..
4..
5..
6..
7..
8..
9..
10..
933
1,766
1,776
1,077
1,238
1,785
2,071
1,531
981 1,914
1,793 3,559
1,686 3,462
1,004 2,081
1,171 2,409
1,787 3,572
2,034 4,105
1,487 3,018
21.... 819 811 1,630
22.... 1,650 1,625 3,275
23.... 1,309 1,156 2,465
24.... 1,542 1,620 3,162
25.... 1,410 1,412 2,822
26.... 1,979 1,917 3,896
27.... 2,788 2,522 5,310
28.... 2,057 1,950 4,007
Over 4 and under 6... 57,
Over 6 and under 7... 32,
Over 7 and under 14.. 152,
Orer 14 and under 16. 48,
Over 16 and under 21. 89,
Total 496
196 499,563 996,059
11..
12..
1,911
1,684
1,876 3,787
1,696 3,380
29.... 2,770 2,833 5,603
30.... 1,393 1,443 2,836
13..
1,225
1,256 2,481
31 1,505 1,489 2,994
MINOR POPULAR
ION BY WARDS.
14..
1,797
1,660 3,457
32.... 2,124 2,035 4,159
Fe-
Fe-
15..
1,837
1,788 3,625
33.... 2,120 1,945 4,065
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1.... 4,983 4,753 9,736
2.. . 7,099 6,887 13,986
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 14,466 14,938 29,404
20 12,315 13,359 25,674
16..
17..
18..
1,640
1,832
858
1,623 3,263
1,774 3,606
34 1.936 1,912 3,848
35.... 1,728 1,713 3,441
798 1,656
T'l. 57,153 55,763 112,916
3.. . 8,629 8,973 17,602
21.... 6,355 6,487 12,842
0
ver 6 and Under 7 Years.
4.. .15,272 15,845 31,117
22.... 12,721 12,849 25,570
Fe-
Fe-
6.. .15,398 15,242 30,640
6.. .10,034 10,342 20,376
7.. .11,646 11,764 23,410
8.. .15,605 15,268 30,873
23.... 11,723 11,591 23,314
24.... 14,281 14,144 28,425
25.... 14,145 14,763 28,9.08
26.... 16,561 16,450 33,011
Ward. Male.
1.... 372
2.... 570
3. ... 694
male.Total.
371 743
558 1,128
761 1 455
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19.... 1,178 1,167 2,345
20.... 1,224 1,176 2,400
21.... 515 503 1 018
9.. ..16,200 15,816 32,016
10.... 14,704 14,959 29,663
27.... 24,163 23,265 47,428
28.... 17,050 16,940 33,990
4.... 1,068
5 909
1,086 2,154
833 1,742
22 945 994 7*939
23.... 696 732 1,428
11.... 15,386 15,974 31,360
29.... 22, 605 22,925 45,530
6.... 642
695 1,337
24.... 942 943 1*885.
12.... 15,249 15,136 30,385
30.... 14,076 14,044 28,120
7 654
662 1,316
25.... 837 799 1*636)
13.... 11,133 11,775 22,908
31.... 13,282 13,544 26,826
8 913
879 1,792
26.... 1,041 1093 2*134
14.... 12,837 12,982 25,819
15.... 16,951 16,862 33,813
32.... 18,424 18,614 37,038
33.... 18,294 17,707 36,001
9 1,133
10 818
1,114 2,247
852 1,670
27.... 1,325 1,283 2*608
28.... 1,275 1144 2 419j
16.... 16,579 16,824 33,403
17.... 15,614 15,822 31,436
34.... 18,920 19,052 37,972
35.... 16,003 15,833 31,836
11.... 1,025
12.... 993
1,019 2,044
963 1,956
29.... 1,445 1,476 2*9211
30 744 754 1,498
18.... 7,793 7,834 15,627
T'l.496,496 499,563 996,059
13.... 737
834 1,571
31.... 892 862 1,754
MINOR POPULATION BY DIVISIONS.
14.... 1,092
15.... 915
1,081 2,173
930 1,845
32.... 1,134 1,138 2,272
33.... 1,178 1,119 2,297
Side. Male
Female. Total.
16.... 907
894 1,801
34.... 972 964 1,936
South 173,253 174,017 347,270
17.... 849
872 1,721
35.... 910 885 1.795
West 247,45
North .'. 75,78
IMS, 262 496,719
I 76,284 152,070
18.... 516 oz* i,ui« T>i 32,060 31,960 64,020
Over 1 and Under H years.
Total 496 49
5 499,563 996,059
Ward. Male.
Fe-
male.Total.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1.. 1,499
1,561 3,060
7.... 3,842 3,907 7,749
The south side include
s wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
2. . 2,370
2,440 4,810
8 4,934 4,871 9,805
7, 8, 9, 29, 30, 31, 32.
The west side includes
3.. 2,227
2,440 4,667
9.... 5,024 4,944 j,36S
wards 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27,
4.. 4,508
4,377 8,885
10 4,830 4,833 9,663
28, 33, 34, 35. The no
•th side includes wards
5.. 4,544
4,326 8,870
11.... 4,479 4,484 8,963
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
6.. 2,951
3,181 6,132
12.... 4,582 4,652 9,234
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
929
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
13 3.609 3,716 7,31'a
14 3,855 3,820 7,675
15.... 5,348 5,331 10,679
16.... 4,991 4,990 9,981
17.... 4,557 4,542 9,099
18.... 2,545 2,648 5,193
19.... 4,049 4,021 8,070
20.... 3,454 4,009 7,463
21.... 1,942 1,969 3,911
22.... 3,837 3,762 7,599
23.... 3,246 3,374 6,620
24.... 4,284 4,177 8,461
Over H and U
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
1... 379 408 787
2 ... 529 561 1,090
3 616 651 1,267
4... 1,851 1,857 3,708
6... 1,520 1,453 2,973
6... 888 945 1,833
7... 1,048 1,149 2,197
8... 1,542 1,482 3,024
9... 1,526 1,536 3,062
10... 1,508 1,448 2,956
11... 1,404 1,447 2,851
12... 1,338 1,451 2.839
13... 1,033 1,063 2,096
14... 1,173 1,260 2,433
15... 1,595 1,563 3,158
16... 1,352 1,350 2,702
17... 1,616 1,612 3,228
18... 698 651 1,349
Over 16 and U
Fe-
Ward. Male. male. Total.
1... 851 785 1,636
2... 1,211 1,239 2,450
3.... 1,882 2,199 4,081
4... 2,465 3,040 5,505
5.. 2,771 3,265 6,036
6.... 2,177 2,541 4,718
7... 2,350 2,570 4,920
8.... 2,354 2,589 4,943
9... 2,203 2,520 4,723
10... 2,562 2,966 5,528
11... 2,226 2,989 5,215
12... 2,522 2,712 5,234
13... 2,236 2,760 4,996
14... 1,777 2,177 3,954
15... 3,291 3,645 6,936
16... 3,346 3,839 7,185
17... 2,144 2,702 4,846
18... 1,335 1,672 3,007
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
25.... 3,788 3,878 7,666
26.... 5,119 4,934 10,053
27.... 8,273 7,831 16,104
28.... 5,159 5,180 10,339
29 6,829 7,048 13,877
30.... 4,435 4,232 8,667
31.... 4,182 4,121 8,303
32.... 5,992 5,969 11,961
33.... 5,719 5,500 11,219
34 6,173 6,276 12,449
35.... 5,003 5,024 10,027
Ward. Public. Private. (*) Total.
23 5,230 1,359 31 6,620
24 5,585 2,837 39 8,461
25 6,067 1,561 38 7,666
26 7.253 2,782 18 10,053
27 12,463 3,567 74 16,104
28 7,620 2,663 56 10,339
29 8,649 5,178 50 13,877
30 5,008 3,596 63 8,667
31 6,061 2,198 44 8,303
32 9,892 1,983 86 11,961
33 9,060 2,112 47 11,219
34 10,471 1,964 14 12,449
35 7 016 3 005 6 10 027
nder 15 Years.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19... 1,247 1,205 2,452
20... 1,163 1,184 2,347
21... 648 614 1,262
22... 1,016 986 2,002
23... 1,613 1,622 3,235
24... 2,008 2,047 4,055
25... 1,831 1,981 3,812
26... 1,608 1,511 3,119
27... 2,029 2,058 4,087
28... 1,303 1,362 2,665
29... 1,758 1,750 3,508
30... 2,193 2,184 4,377
31... 1,243 1,327 2,570
32... 1,501 1,527 3,028
33.... 1,993 2,015 4,008
34.... 1,823 1,802 3,625
Total 220,685 82,654 1,208 304,547
•Not in school for thirty consecutive days.
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Minors over 14 and under 16 years of age.
, Attending School N , Working ,
Office or
Ward. Public.Private.(») store. Fact'y- Mis. Total.
1 513 125 5 45 47 52 787
2 738 179 13 74 36 50 1,090
3 899 343 2 18 4 1 1,267
4 1,661 1,191 51 258 282 26~5 3,708
5 1,706 737 23 172 143 192 2,973
6 1,301 502 4 20 1 5 1,833
7 1,567 505 14 39 8 64 2,197
8 1,870 782 28 64 90 190 3,024
9 1,984 715 47 72 34 210 3,062
10 1,830 551 29 134 203 209 2,956
11 1,487 719 U 151 296 187 2,851
35.... 1,595 1,649 3,244
12 1,735 376 24 168 230 306 2,839
T'l.48,238 48,711 96,949
nder 21 Years.
Fe-
Ward. Male. male.Total.
19... 2,304 3,202 5,506
20.... 1,460 2,124 3,584
21... 981 1,211 2,192
22... 1,830 2,343 4,173
23... 2,249 2,586 4,835
24... 2,515 2,728 5,243
25... 3,451 4,116 7,567
26... 3,451 3,878 7,329
27.. , 4,318 4,512 8,830
28... 3,999 4,410 8,409
29... 3,802 4,314 8,116
30... 2,172 2,607 4,779
31... 2,888 3,261 6,149
32... 4,024 4,519 8,543
33... 3,466 3,786 7,252
34... 3,967 4,405 8,372
35... 3,224 3,500 6,724
14 1,693 377 58 107 93 105 2,433
15 2,092 334 6 264 195 267 3,158
16 962 990 21 86 480 163 2,702
17 1,818 826 9 116 263 196 3,228
18 878 238 6 82 74 71 1,349
19 1,834 253 6 56 182 116 2,452
20 1,657 271 13 114 184 108 2,347
21 700 451 10 46 17 38 1,262
22 1,074 437 45 145 188 113 2,002
23 2,321 755 33 53 19 54 3,235
24 2,202 1,244 85 156 169 199 4,055
25 2,772 965 16 29 5 25 3,812
26 1,832 702 5 271 78 231 3,119
27 2,406 575 36 338 327 405 4,087
28 1,475 447 11 124 321 287 2,665
29 1,459 716 20 489 355 469 3,508
30 2,581 1,442 68 114 76 96 4,377
31 1,682 492 12 171 59 154 2,570
32 2,173 522 39 123 19 152 3.02&
33 3,021 466 90 168 ' 82 181 4,008
34 2,319 553 30 232 231 260 3,625
T'l.89,804 103,712 193,516
35 2,044 767 6 195 98 134 3,244
SCHOOL A1
iSy children of compuls
7 and und
Ward. Publ
1 2,E
TENDANCE.
ory attendance age — over
;r 14 years,
c. Private. (*) Total.
20 534 6 3,060
20 864 26 4,810
74 1,288 5 4,667
88 4,156 41 8,885
95 3,508 67 8,870
07 1,311 14 6,132
84 1,838 27 7,749
59 3,883 63 9,805
47 1,982 39 9,968
84 1,346 33 9,663
72 4,470 21 8,963
03 1,717 14 9,234
58 2,553 14 7,325
11 1,535 29 7.675
87 1,477 15 10,679
44 5,381 56 9,981
65 3,680 54 9,099
21 753 19 5,193
53 908 9 8,070
18 1,230 15 7,463
55 1,441 15 3,911
45 1.994 60 7.589
Total 59,485 21,186 885 4,807 4,937 5,649 96,949
*Out of school and out of work for thirty con-
secutive days.
DEAF, BLIND, CRIPPLED AND ILLITERATE
MINORS.
There were in 1916 567 deaf children in the city
and 182 minors who were blind, or nearly so.
There are 126 more who have visual defects lead-
ing to the sightless life.
The city had 645 crippled minors of whom 210
were so incapacitated that they were eligible for
transportation service to the crippled children's
centers. There were 2,086 so called "subnormal"
minors in the entire city, including those feeble-
minded, mentally backward or having mental de-
fects. Returns from special divisions in the
public schools make a complete count of this
class of children possible. Chicago has 221 mutes.
The illiterates over 12 and under 21, mostly be-
tween 16 and 21, total 573, who cannot read or
write.
NO SCHOOL CENSUS IN 1918.
Owing to litigation over the membership of the
board of education no school census was taken ia
Chicaeo in 1918.
2 3,9
3 3,3
4 4,6
5 5,5
6 4,8
7 5,8
8 5,8
9 7,8
10 8,2
11 4,4
12 7,B
13 4,7
14 6,1
15 9,1
16 4,5
17 5,3
18 4,4
19 7,1
20 6,5
21 2,4
22... . 5.5
930
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
CHICAGO THEATERS.
Seating: capacity given in parentheses.
Academy (962) — 16 South Halsted street. I
Adelphia (1.312)— 7070 North Clark street.
Albany Park (994)— 4816 North Kedzie-av.
Alhambra (1,134) — State-st. and Archer-av.
Alvin ( 536)— 1612 West Chicago avenue.
American (1.226)— 6-14 North Ashland-aV.
AniericUB (664)— 3437 Ogrden avenue.
Apollo (669)— 626-528 East 47th street.
Apollo (1.013) — 1540 North Crawford avenue.
Archer (900)— 2006-10 Archer avenue.
Arg-more (660)— 1038-52 Argyle avenue.
Aristo (603) — 2648 Lincoln avenue.
Armitagre (951) — 3553 Armitag-e avenue.
Ashland (605) — 4856 South Ashland avenue.
Ashland (901)— 1613 West Madison street.
Atlantic (1.609)— 3950 West 26th street.
Atlas (627)— 4715 South State street.
Auditorium (3,623) — Congress and Wabash-av.
Austin (533)— 5619 West Madison street.
Avon (762)— 3325-29 Fnllerton avenue.
Avenue (1.140) — 3108 Indiana avenue.
Banner (796)— 1611 North Robey street.
Beach (996)— 1504 East 51st street.
Bell (570)— 1539 Milwaukee avenue.
Bertha (591) — 4717 Lincoln avenue.
Bijou (858) — 300 South Halsted street.
Biograph (998)— 2431 Lincoln avenue.
Blackstone (1,200)— 60-68 East 7th street.
Boulevard (998)— 1606 Garfteld boulevard.
Broadway (690)— 5206-8 Broadway.
Broadway Strand (1,587)— 1641 West 12th-st.
Bryn Mawr (768) — 1125 Bryn Mawr avenue.
Bucking-ham (965) — 3317 North Clark Ftreet.
Bugg-. The (992)— 3940 North Robey street.
Bush Temple (845)— 110 West CMcag-o avenue.
California (683) — 3436 West 26th street.
Calo (880)— 5406 North Clark street.
Calumet (1.013)— 9206 South Chicag-o avenue.
Casey (944)— 4649-53 South State street.
Casino (1,003)— 403 North Clark street.
Central Music Hall (677)— 64 E. Van Buren-st.
Central Park (2,032)— 3531-39 West 12th-st.
Century (822) — 1419 West Madison street.
Chateau (1,683)— 3810-12 Broadway.
Chicago (1,200) — Wabash-av. and Peck court.
Chicag-o Avenue (705)— 2126-28 W. Chicag-o-av.
Chopin (546) — 1541-43 West Division street.
Cicero (595) — 306-08 South Cicero avenue.
Circle (707)— 3239-41 West 12th street.
Claremont (624)— 3226 North Clark street.
Clark (1,050)— 4533 North Clark street.
Cohan'8 Grand (1,405)— 121 North Clark-st.
Coliseum (15,000)— Wabash-av.. near 16th-st.
Colleg-e (1,083)— Webster and Sheffield-avs.
Colonial (1,450)— 26 West Randolph street.
Columbia (1.078)— 15-21 North Clark street.
Columbia (700)— 2120 North Clark street.
Columbus. The (927)— 6236 South Ashland-av.
Coronado (785) — 3972 Vineennes avenue.
Cort (962)— 76-82 North Dearborn street.
Cosmopolitan (854)— 7938 South Halsted-st.
Covent Garden (2.251)— 2653-65 N. Clark-st.
Crawford (908)— 19 South Crawford avenue.
Crescent (792) — 2915 Milwaukee avenue.
Criterion (1,233)— 1228 Sedg-wick street.
Crown (1,391) — Ashland-av. and Division-st.
Crown Hippodrome (707)— 4007 West 26th-st.
Crystal (1.834)— 2701-11 West North avenue.
Dante (500)— 815 West Taylor street.
Dearborn (741)— 1206 North Dearborn street.
De Luxe (1,033)— 1141 Wilson avenue.
Devon (546) — 1616 Devon avenue.
Doug-las (792)— 3236 West 22d street.
Doug-las (584)— 3123-25 Cottag-e Grove avenue.
E. A. R. (892)— 6839 Wentworth avenue.
Easterly (571) — 2768 Lincoln avenue.
Elmo (780)— 2404 West Van Buren street.
Emmett (550) — 4338 Wentworth avenue.
Empire (1,242)— 673 West Madison street.
Empress (900) — 6246 Cottag-e Grove avenue.
Empress (1.439)— 6226 South Halsted street.
Eng-lewood (1,305)— 726 West 63d street.
Erie (610)— 641-643 North Clark street.
Famous (600)— 3644 West Chicag-o avenue.
Franklin (725)— 320 East 31st street.
Frolic (899)— 947 East 55th street.
Gaiety (759) — 9205 Commercial avenue.
Garfleld (693)— 2844 West Madison street.
Garrick (1,257)— 60 West Randolph street.
Gayety (981)— 531 South State sueet.
Germania (905)— 1546-50 North Clark street,
Gold (803)— 3411 West 12th street.
Grand (772)— 3512-18 Archer avenue.
Grand (593) — 415 East 43d street.
Grand (853)— 3110 South State street.
Grand (565)— 3433 West North avenue.
Grand Oak (904)— 3955 Grand boulevard.
Grayland (526)— 3947 North Crawford avenue.
Great Northern (1,350)— 21 Quincy street.
Halfield (952)— 5449 South Halsted street.
Halsted (707)— 320 South Halsted street.
Hamilton (999)— 2186 East 71st street.
Hamilton (639)— 6811 South Halsted street.
Hamlin (1,204)— 3826 West Madison street.
Harper (1,201) — 5234-44 Harper avenue.
Harvard (726)— 6316 Harvard avenue.
Haymarket (1.800)— 722 West Madison street.
Hippodrome (538)— 1619 West 63d street.
Howard (1,650) — 1631 Howard street.
Hub (769)— 1742-46 West Chicag-o avenue.
Hyde Park (622)— 5314 Lake Park avenue.
Ideal (698)— 1622 Larrabee street.
Illingrton (982)— 2122-24 West 22d street.
Illinois (1,287) — 75 East Jackson boulevard.
Imperial (1,266)— 2329 West Madison street.
Independence (574)— 3747 West 12th street.
Indiana (786)— 219 East 43d street.
Iris (895)— 5747 West Chicag-o avenue.
Irving- (1,396)— 4005 Irving- Park boulevard.
Jackson Park (1.420)— 6711 Stony Island-av.
Julian (799)— 920 Belmont avenue.
Karlov (893) — 4048 Armitag-e avenue.
Kedzie (1,461) — W. Madison-st. and Kedzie-av.
Kedzie Annex (753)— 3210-12 West Madison-st.
Kenmore (496)— 1039 Wilson avenue.
Kenwood (885)— 1225 East 47th street.
Keystone (791)— 3912 Sheridan road.
Kimbark (688) — 6240 Kimbark avenue.
Knickerbocker (994)— 6217 Broadway.
Lake Shore (542)— 3175 Broadway.
Lakeside (998) — 4730 Sheridan road.
Lane Court (999)— 322 Center street.
Lang-ley (889)— 702 East 63d street.
LaSalle (759)— 110 West Madison street.
LaSalle (728)— 152 West Division street.
LeGrand (694)— 5241 North Clark street.
Leida (644)— 645-47 West 120th street.
Lexing-ton (716)— 1162 East 63d street.
Lexing-ton (755) — 715 South Crawford avenue.
Liberty (649) — 3707 Fullerton avenue.
Lincoln (1.500) — 3160 Lincoln avenue.
Linden (798)— 743 West 63d street.
Log-an Square (1,318)— 2532 Milwaukee-aV.
Lowy's (654) — 740 Milwaukee avenue.
Lucille (503)— 653-657 North Cicero avenue.
Lux (754)— 106-108 East 36th street.
Lyceum (700) — 3851 Cottag-e Grove avenue.
Lyda (925) — 315 North Cicero avenue.
Lyric (560)— 115th street and Michig-an-av.
Mabel (655)— 3956-58 Elston avenue.
Madison Square (1,367)— 4730-40 W. Madison.
Madlin (797)— 1910 West Madison street.
Majestic (1,980) — 18 West Monroe street.
Marlowe (1,139)— Stewart-av. and West 63d-st.
Marshall Square (1.426)— 2869 West 22d-st.
Marshfield (924)— 3305-11 N. Marshfleld-av.
McVicker's (1,813)— 23 West Madison street.
Metropolitan (1,384) — 4644 Grand boulevard.
Michig-an (1.345)— 110-112 East Garfield blvd.
Midway (900) — Cottag-e Grove-av. and 63d-st.
Milford (1.188)— 3311 North Crawford avenue.
Model (800)— 821 West 69th street.
Monarch (726)— 461 East 31st street.
Morse (565)— 1330-32 Morse avenue.
National (1,188)— 6235 South Halsted street.
New Apollo (1.013)— 1540 North Crawford-av.
Newberry (709)— 854 North Clark street.
New Irving- (579)— 716-718 West 12th street.
New Strand (773)— 2111 West Division street.
North Avenue (1.195) — 316 West North-av.
Oak (1,007)— 2000 North Western avenue.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
931
Oakland Square (1,424)— 3947-51 Drexel-blvd.
Oakley (978)— 2320 West Chicago avenue.
Olympia (582) — 4619-21 South Ashland-av.
Olympic (1,594)— 165 North Clark street.
Orchestra Hall (2.570)— 210 S. Michigan-av.
Orpheum (794)— 110 South State street.
Orpheus (879)— 1611-13 West 12th street.
Owl (944)— 4649-53 South State street.
Palace (1,442) — 1135 Blue Island avenue.
Palace (1,303)— 127-135 North Clark street.
Palate (503)— 1826 South Halsted street.
Panorama (671) — 5110 Prairie avenue.
Pantheon (2,298) — 4642 Sheridan road.
Paramount (988)— 2636 Milwaukee avenue.
Park (568)— 5960 West Lake street.
Parkway (748)— 2736-38 North Clark street.
Parkway (774) — 11053 Michigan avenue.
Parkway (960)— 2737 West 22d street.
Paulina (790)— 1335 North Paulina street.
Pekin (610)— 2700 State street.
Peoples (1.078)— 2207 West Van Buren street.
Pine Grove (653)— 717 Sheridan road.
Plaisance (519) — 466 North Parkside avenue.
Playhouse. The (550) — 410 S. Michigan-av.
Plaza (1.195) — 308-312 West North avenue.
Powers' (1.106)— 124 West Randolph street.
Prairie (902) — 5744 Prairie avenue.
President (719)— 55th street, near CalumetTav.
Princess (958)— 319 South Clark street.
Rainbow (734)— 11311 South Michigan-av.
Regent (732)— 6744 Sheridan road.
Regent (824)— 6826 South Halsted street.
Republic (770)— 3918 Lincoln avenue.
Rex (604) — 6848 South Racine avenue.
Rex (688)— 2340-42 West Madison street.
Rialto (1,548)— 336-44 South State street.
Riviera (2.100) — 4752 Broadway.
Rose (727)— 2860 Milwaukee avenue.
Roaeland (996)— 11331 South Michigan-av.
Rosewood (985) — 1823 Montrose boulevard.
St. Alphoneus (1,004)— Southport and Lincoln
avenues.
Schindlers (1,053)— 1005-7 West Huron street.
Shakespeare (S>96)— l),A> East 43d street.
Sheridan (567) — 935 Irving Park boulevard.
South Shore (U99) — 6851 btony Island avenue.
Star (1.423) — 1455 Milwaukee avenue.
Star and Garter (1.961)— 815-17 W. Madison.
States (686)— 3505-11 South State street.
Strand (693)— 3029-33 Lincoln avenue.
Strand (1,469)— 700 South Wabash avenue.
Studebaker (1.289) — 418 South Michig-an-av.
Temple (543) — 3121 Lincoln avenue.
Terminal (896) — 3308 Lawrence avenue.
Thalia (889)— 1807 Allport avenue.
Theater (897)— 3138-42 South Halsted street.
Tippin (791)— 4045 West North avenue.
Triangle (546) — 7219 Wentworth avenue.
Twentieth Century (932) — 4708 Prairie-av.
Twentieth Century (798)— 3530-38 W. 12th-st.
Vaudeville (570)— 501-5 South Kedzie avenue,
Verdi (958)— 2035-41 West 35th street.
Vernon (742)— 436 East 61st street.
Victoria (1.800)— Belmont and Sheffield-avs.
Virginia (692)— 809 West Madison street.
Vision (722)— 2650 West Division street.
Vista (975)— 822 East 47th street.
Vitagraph (998) — 3133 Lincoln avenue.
Waverly (556)— 527 South Halsted street.
Weber's (1.309)— 1836-40 South Wabash-av.
West End (1,199)— 121 North Cicero avenue.
White Palace (737)— 1609-11 South Kedzie-av.
Willard (1.195)— 340 East 51st street.
Wilson (1.000)— Wilson avenue and Broadway.
Windsor (1.256)— 1235 North Clark street.
Windsor Park (556)— 2638 East 75th street.
Woodlawn (1,750)— 63d-st. and Woodlawn-av.
Woods (1,196)— Randolph and Dearborn-sts.
York (583)— 641 South Paulina street.
Ziegfeld (692)— 624 South Michigan avenue.
In addition to the theaters named abovi there
were on Dec. 1. 1918, a considerable number of
minor places of amusement with a seating ca-
pacity of less than 500 each.
LOCATION OF RAILWAY PASSENGER STATIONS.
CENTRAL STATION.
Park row and 12th street: south side.
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis (Big
Four).
Illinois Central.
Michigan Central.
Grand Rapids & Indiana.
CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN.
West Madison anil Canal streets; west stde.
All divisions.
DEARBORN STATION.
Dearborn and Polk streets; south side.
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe.
Chesapeake & Ohio.
Chicago & Eastern Illinois.
Chicago & Western Indiana.
Chicago. Indianapolis & Louisville (Monon)
Erie.
Grand Trunk.
Wabash.
GRAND CENTRAL STATION.
Fifth avenue and Harrison street; south siilr.
Baltimore & Ohio.
Chicago Groat Western.
Chicago Terminal Transfer.
Minneapolis, St. Paul <& Sanlt Ste. Marie (Soo-
line; formerly Wisconsin Central).
P«re Marquette.
LA SALLE STREET STATION.
Van Buren and LaSalle streets; south side.
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific.
Chicago & Indiana Southern.
Lackawanna.
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern.
New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel Plate),
UNION STATION.
Canal street, between Adams and Madison;
west side.
Chicago & Alton.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy.
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul.
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago.
Pittsburgh. Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis (Pan
Handle).
SOCIETIES OF ARTISTS AND ART CLUBS.
Art Alliance of America— President, G. W. Ste-
vens; secretary, Eames MacVeagh.
Artists' Guild— 602, 408 South Michigan ave-
nue: president, Frank A. Werner; secretary,
Elizabeth M. Saunders.
Arts Club of Chicago— 608-610 South Michigan
avenue: president, Mrs. John Alden Carpen-
ter; secretary, Eames MacVeagh.
Chicago Public School Art Society— President.
Mrs. John Buckingham: corresponding secre-
ary, Mrs. Alfred M. Walter. 2729 Prairie ave-
nue.
Chicago Ceramic Art Association— Art institute:
president and director. Mrs. George Emmons;
corresponding secretary. Mrs. Eugene Phelps.
Chicago Outdoor Art League — President. Mrs.
John Worthy.
Chicago Society of Artists (organized 1902) —
President, Charles F. Browne; meets in Art
institute.
Commission for Encouragement of Local Art —
President, Carter H. Harrison.
Municipal Art League of Chicago— President,
Everett L. Millard: secretary, Mrs. William F.
Young.
Western Society of Sculptors— President, Albin
Polasek; secretary, Pompeo Coppini.
932
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO WATERWORKS SYSTEM.
Year
1854
1860 !
1870.
1880
Total
revenue.
$58.105.00
131,163.00
539.180.00
865.618.35
The following table shows the growth of
Chicago's waterworks system by decades since
1854, when the first large pumping station at
Chicago avenue and the lake was built, and by
years since 1900:
•Population Gallons Gallons
using city pumped per
water. per day. capita.
65,000 691.000 9.1
109,000 4,704,000 43.1
307,000 21.766.000 70.9
1880 603,000 67.384,000 114.1 OUU.UJ.O.OL.
1890 1 107,000 152,372,000 137.6 2,109.508.00
1900 1 727,566 322,683,000 186.8 3,250.481.85
1901 ' 1776 236 342.901.000 193.0 3,370.600.88
1902 ' 1 824,906 358 179.000 196.3 3,611,558.81
1903 a 873 576 376.000,000 200.73,689.625.80
i~?:I:8if :f?I ill \ 111!
iloililieiieii *8o!906.poo 222:0 5:032:008.48
1910.2,214.286 518,579,000 234.2 6.448.257.55
1911 . 2.262.956 507.332.000 224.2 5.993,771.32
1912.2,345.315 551.324.000 235.1 6.263.234.75
1913.2.372,000 577.860,575 243.66.560.042.21
,.. :l.57i:941 631:433.000 245.0 7.188.293.33
•Estimated from United States government
CeinU1917 the total amount of water pumped
was 234.132,030,000 gallons
The pumping stations, with the year of con-
struction of each, follow:
Chicago avenue. ..1854
Twenty-second st..!875 ««»«»» i,--;; Tonn
Harrison street. .. 1889 Central Park 1900
Lake View 1892 Springfield av 1901
Fourteenth street.1892 Roseland 1910
Sixty-eighth st . . . 1892 Mayfair 1916
Washington Hts..l892 W. H. Thompson..l917
The total daily capacity of the waterworks
in gallons is 923.000.000.
Other statistics: Number of taps. 305,717:
hydrants in use, 30,740: meters in use, 22,-
709; mileage of water pipe. 2.842.
LAKE TUNNELS.
One 5 foot tunnel from two mile crib to Chi-
cago avenue pumping station; built 1867;
cost $464,866.05.
One 7 foot tunnel from two mile crib to Chi-
cago avenue pumping station; built 1874;
cost $415,709.36.
One 7 foot tunnel from two mile crib to Chi-
cago avenue pumping station; built 1887-
1895; cost $342,786.64.
One 14 foot tunnel lake extension of Chicago
avenue and Blue Island avenue system; be-
gun 1911: cost $7,530.28.
One 8 foot tunnel from four mile crib to 14th
street pumping station; built 1892; cost
$1.104.744.12.
One 10 foot tunnel from Carter H. Harrison
crib to foot of Oak street: built 1898: cost
$677.577.55.
One 7 foot tunnel from Lake View cnb to
Lake View pumping station; built 1896: cost
$701.792.45.
One 7 foot tunnel from Hyde Park cnb to
68th street pumping station: built 1898:
cost $771,556.07.
One 14 foot tunnel from Hyde Park to 73d
street and Railroad avenue: built 1912: cost
$1,793.860.10.
LAND TUNNELS.
One 7 foot tunnel from Chicago avenue pump-
ing station to 22d street pumping station:
built 1874; cost $542.912.63.
One 7 foot tunnel from Park row shaft to
foot of Peck place and thence to Harrison
street pumping station; built 1891; cost
$279.848.78.
One 6 foot connecting tunnel in Jeffers9n
street from Van Buren to Harrison; built
1891; cost $15,968.17.
One 10 foot tunnel foot of Oak street to
Green street and Grand avenue, and two 8
foot tunnels from that point to Central Park
avenue and Springfield avenue pumping sta-
tions, respectively: built 1900: cost $2,121,-
525.02.
One 7 foot tunnel connecting above 10 foot
tunnel with Chicago avenue pumping station
(remodeled): built 1898: cost $42,436.45.
One 9 foot tunnel from 104th street and Stew-
art avenue to 73d and State streets: one 12
foot tunnel in 73d street from State street
to Yates avenue, and one 14 foot tunnel
from Yates avenue to Railroad avenue: built
1912: cost $1,647.591.18.
One 7 foot tunnel in Polk street connecting
Peck place shaft and Jefferson street shaft:
built 1907; cost $181.929.54.
One 8 foot tunnel from Chicago avenue to
22d street and Ashland avenue: built 1911;
cost $833,267.77.
One 9 foot tunnel 73d and State streets to
75th street and Western avenue: built 1912:
cost $1.642,669.84.
One 8 foot tunnel connecting two mile crib
tunnel with Blue Island avenue tunnel:
built 1913; cost $55,368.22.
One 8 foot tunnel connecting southwest land
and lake tunnel to 68th street pumping sta-
tion: built 1916: cost $131.553.24.
One 12 and 13 foot tunnel. Wilson and Clar-
endon avenues to Mayfair, 43,500 feet long;
construction begun in 1913: estimated cost,
$4.550.870.
WATER PIPE TUNNELS UNDER CHICAGO
RIVER.
Dimen'ns L'ngth Year
in feet, in ft. built. Cost. Location.
5 280 1871 $7.550.00 Adams-st.
6.. . 249 1871 7.633.00 Archer-av.
7%xlO& 225 1891 17.453.56 Ashland-av.
6 3061871 7.750.00 Chicago-av.
5 227 1880 6.875.00 Clybourn-pl.
6 468 1903 13,324.00 Division-st.*
7x8%... 330 1871 11.220.00 Division-st.
8 297 1880 14.600.00 18th-st.
6 % x9 . . . 314 1880 7.883.00 Harrison-st.
5 2721889 8.390.00 95th-st.
6x7 1.548 1899 35.561.75 Drainagecanal
5 403 1895 29.614.58 N. Western-av
5 485 1880 11.250.00 Rush-st.
7x10 241 1892 17.495.20 35th-st.
6 311 1876 7.550.00 Throop-st.
7x8.. . 345 1905 28.584.54 Montrose-bd.
7%.. .1,680 1907 61.307.10 Ashland-av.
7x8% 335 1907 24.831.30 Grand-av.
7x8% 450 1907 21,003.48 Diversey-bd.
7x8.. 326 1908 11.962.36 Western-av.
7x8.. 389 1908 16.013.60 Western-av.*
7x8.. 2251908 8.387.77 Western-av.*
•Under canal.
WATERWORKS CRIBS.
Name. Built. Cost.
Two-mile 1867 $106.679.63
Four-mile 1891 472.890.93
Lake View 1896 164.085.82
Hyde Park 1896 137.624.77
C. H. Harrison 1900 232.738.10
Edward F. Dunne 1912 473.090.60
WATER RATES IN CHICAGO.
Flat Bates — Annual.
All flat rates are based on frontage and
number of stories of buildings. Residences
with one family of twelve or less are entitled
to a full equipment of bathtubs, water closets.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
933
basins, sinks, laundry tubs and other similar
sanitary fixtures without additional charge.
Apartment buildings, fully equipped with san-
itary fixtures, are charged $7 in addition to
the frontage rates for each apartment exceed-
ing one.
Frontage rates for one-story houses are
quoted below. Each additional story increases
the rate $1.50.
Frontage. Rate.
13 feet and less. $2.50
12 to 15 feet 3.50
15 to 18 feet.
18 to 21 feet.
21 to 24 feet.
24 to 27 feet.
27 to 30 feet.
30 to 33 feet..
33 to 36 feet..
4.50
5.50
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
9.50
36 to 40 feet.... 11.00
Frontage. Rate.
40 to 44 feet... $11. 50
44 to 48 feet.... 12.50
48 to 52 feet.
52 to 56 feet.
56 to 62 feet.
62 to 67 feet.
67 to 72 feet.
72 to 77 feet.
77 to 82 feet
13.50
14.50
15.50
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
82 to 87 feet 20.00
Residences — Frontage rate plus 5 cents per
ton of coal consumed for steam heating plant;
each 100 sauare feet of greenhouse space. $2;
hose connection. 30 foot frontage, $2; 30 to
50 foot frontage. $3; each additional 25 foot
frontage. 50 cents.
Business — Hotels, lodging houses and taverns.
not over twelve rooms, one set of fixtures
with frontage rates; each room over 12, SI.
Additional fixtures: Bathtubs, each, $3; uri-
nals, each, $1.50; hand basins, each, $1;
water closets, each, $3; steam heated, same as
residences; steam engines, per horse power, $4.
Office buildings, same as hotels. Stores and
business premises, frontage rates plus 25
cents per person over ten employed. Addi-
tional fixtures: Hand wash basin. $2.50;
closet. $3.50: other fixtures, similar to hotels.
Public fixtures: Bathtub. $6; hand basin.
$2.50: closet, $3.50: urinal. $1.50: laundry
tub. $1.75. Barber shop fixtures, same as
public. Bakeries, frontage rates plus 1 cent
for each barrel of flour or meal used.
Building — Each 1.000 bricks used. 5 cents:
each cord of stone, 6 cents: each cubic yard
concrete. 2 cents: each 100 yards plastering,
15 cents. If flat rates amount to more than
$100 a year, metered service is required.
Meter Rates.
Meter rates are 62% cents per 1,000 cubic
feet. Discount of 10 per cent for prompt
payment of bills. Special rates are quoted on
water drawn through direct connection with
city tunnels, from conduits and from Lake
Michigan or the Chicago river.
CHICAGO STREET RAILWAY CHRONOLOGY.
Omnibuses — First regular omnibus line started
by Frank Parmelee May 9, 1853.
Horse Cars-^South side: First line on State
street, between Randolph and 12th streets, open
April 25. 1859. West side: Madison street line,
Haisted to State, opened May 20. 1859: Randolph
street line opened July 15. 1859. North side:
Wells street line, river to Chicago avenue, opened
late in spring of 1859: Clark street line opened
in August. 1859.
Cable Cars— South side: First cable line In,
Chicago operated on State, to 39th street: began
business Jan. 28. 1882: Cottage Grove avenue line
built same year. North side: Clark street line
opened March 27, 1888; Wells street line opened
same year; Lincoln avenue line opened Jan. 22,
1889: Cly bourn avenue line opened May 2. 1891.
West side: Madison street line opened July 16.
1890: Milwaukee avenue line opened at same
time; Blue Island avenue line opened July 28,
1893.
Electric Cars— South side: First electric line
in city began operating Oct. 2. 1890. from 95th
street and Stony Island avenue to South Chicago ;
trolley substituted for horse cars on most of the
lines (except cable) in 1893 and 1894 in all divi-
sions of the city and in the suburbs; trolley sub-
stituted for cable cars on State street July 22.
1906, and on Cottage Grove avenue Oct. 21,
1906. West side: Trolley cars substituted for
cable on Blue Island avenue July 22. 1906. and
on Madison street and Milwaukee avenue Aug.
19. 1906. North side: All cables changed to trol-
Jey lines Oct. 21. 1906.
Elevated Railways — South side: South side ele-
vated railroad began regular operation on line
between Congress street and 39th street June 6,
1892. with steam as motive power: extended to
Stony Island avenue in May. 1893: extended to
Englewood in 1906 and to Kenwood in 1907; trains
began running around loop Oct. 19. 1897: motive
power changed to electricity July 27. 1898. West
side: Lake street line (Chicago & Oak Park) be-
gan running Nov. 6. 1893. with steam as motive
power: electricity substituted June 14. 1896: Met-
ropolitan road opened May 20. 1895. with elec-
tricity as motive power: began running over loon
Oct. 10. 1897: extension of Garfleld park and
Douglas park lines completed in 1902. North side:
Northwestern line opened for business May 31,
1900, with electricity as motive power; Ravens-
wood branch opened May 10, 1907: through rout-
ing of trains between north and south sides and
giving of transfers on all elevated roads begun
Nov. 3, 1913. Fares raised to 6 cents Nov. 22, 1918.
Merger of Surface Lines— Unified Management-
Ordinance passed Nov. 14, 1913, providing for mer-
ger and unified management of all surface lines,
with through routes. 5 cent fares and transfers
to all parts of city; ordinance went into effect
Feb. 1, 1914.
STREET RAILWAY FRANCHISE.
Ordinances passed by city council Feb. 4. 1907:
vetoed by mayor and passed over veto Feb. 11.
1907: approved by people on referendum vote
April 2. 1907.
Systems to be reconstructed and rehabilitated
within three years.
City to supervise rehabilitation through board
of three engineers.
Life of grant not to extend in any event be-
yond Feb. 1. 1927.
City to receive 55 per cent and companies 45
per cent of the net profits from the operation of
the roads.
Twenty-one through routes specified and pro-
vision made for others.
Fares for adults to be 5 cents for continuous
trips in one general direction within the present
or future city limits.
Transfers to be given at all connecting points.
on and to all lines except In section on south
side between 12th street and the river. (By mer-
ger ordinance passed Nov. 14, 1913. transfers are
given in all parts of the city.)
Motive power of cars to be electricity applied
by the overhead or underground trolley system.
Cars to be of the latest and most approved
pattern and to be kept clean and warm and well
lighted.
Cars to be operated singly after one year.
Companies to pay $5.000.000 toward the con-
struction of subways in the downtown section at
the city's option.
City given the right to purchase the property
of both the present great systems at any time
upon giving six months' notice.
PROPERTY BENEFITED BY "L" ROADS.
In a decision announced June 3, 1918. the
United States Supreme court held that owners
of property adjacent to the elevated railroads
in Chicago were not entitled to damages be-
cause of the construction of the roads near
such property. The decision sustained the
finding of the lower court in a suit brought
by the executors of the estate of William A.
McCoy, who sought damages of $82,000 to
hotel property at Clark and Van Buren streets,
that property is benefited through the con-
centration, of travel from the elevated roads.
934
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
GROWTH OF CHICAGO BY ANNEXATIONS.
Area in Total area.
Annexations. Date of Act. sq. miles, sq. miles.
A — Original town as platted by canal commissioners Aug. 4, 1830 4173
B —Town limits extended by trustees Nov. 6.1833 .4825 8998
0 — Town of Chicago as incorporated Feb.11,1835 1.5153 24150
D — City of Chicago as incorporated Mar. 4, 1837 8.2200 lo'.6350
D1 —Withdrawn by act of legislature Jan.21, 1843 .5000 10.1350
D2 —Withdrawn by act of legislature .. Mar. 3, 1843 .3750 9.7600
D1 — Re-annexed by act of legislature (0.50 sq. miles) )
1)2 —Re-annexed by act of legislature (0.375 sq. miles) .... } Feb. 14. 1851 4.2500 14.0100
E —Extension by act of legislature (3,375 sq. miles) )
F —Extension by act of legislature Feb. 12. 1853 3.9880 17.9980
G —Extension by act of legislature Feb.13.1863 6.2840 24.2820
H —Annexed as part of Lincoln park by act of legislature... Feb. 8. 1869 .0945 24.3765
1 —Extension by act of legislature Feb.27.1869 11.3800 35.7565
T Annpvpf) hv nrriinanw * Village of Jefferson Feb. 21, 1887 > i nnnn OR >re«K
J —Annexed by o ice< city of Chicago MayieilSS?? 1-0000 36.7565
K —Annexed by resolution of Cook county commissioners. . .Apr. 29. 1889 7.1500 43.9065
L1 — Part of town of Cicero (1.00 sq. mile) ^
L2 —Town of Jefferson (29.530 sq. miles) . Annexed at
Ll ~£ity of Hke, Vifw« (™0'3135 .fa. miles) ^ election June 29.1889 125.9295 169.8360
L4 — Town of Lake (36.00 sq. miles) I
If —Village of Hyde Park (49.132 sq. mi.) J
M —Part of village of Gano. annexed at election Apr. 1.1890 1.7730 171.6090
N —South Englewood, annexed by ordinance Mayl2.1890 2.8990 174.5080
01 —Village Washington Heights (2.81 sq. mi.) ) .Annexed at )—.._ ,, -, SQn a. ftnin 17011 in
02 —Village of West Roseland (1.793 sq. mi.) 5 election. $Nov. 4, IS 4.60,
P —Annexed by ordinance Dec. 4. 1890 .0460 179.1570
Q —Village of Fernwood. annexed at election Apr. 7. 1891 .9810 180.1380
Ri —Village of Rogers Park (2.125 sq. miles) > AnnexedaU. . Ig93 3.8750 184.0130
R2 —Village of West Ridge (1.75 sq. miles).. ?. election. $£pr. 4. J.ey* I'°lri TSR i ^sn
S —Village of Norwood Park, annexed at election £°J-oI- Jl§£ innn
T -Part of town of Calumet, annexed by ordinance 7& •£•}&£ s^nni loo'fnsr
U -Austin, annexed at election..... Apr. 4.1899 3.5000 190.6380
V —Village of Edison Park, annexed at election Nov. 8. 1910 91 2905
W —Disconnected by ordinance A^ 7' 1 Qi 4 11250 1944155
X —Village of Morgan Park, annexed at election Apr. 7. 1914 J.1250 19|.41o5
Y —Village of Clearing, annexed at election.... Apr. 6.1915 1.8750
Z — Part of city of Evanston, annexed by ordinance — iniAt
By city of Evanston £ov .17. 191 4 \ 123o 196.4135
By city of Chicago • *.et>- °- ± sf 9' O01ft iqR4f>4K
AA— Re-annexed at election Apr 6. 1915 2-§gJO 196.434o
BB— Part of town of Stickney. annexed at election June 7. 191o 2.2oOO l||-|g*g
CC— Annexed by act of legislature £^17- 1017 10000 1099 70
DD— Part of Norwood Park, annexed by ordinance.. Dec. 17. 1917 1.0000 199.9970
ILLINOIS PUBLIC UTILITY ACCIDENTS
Reports of accidents made to the public util-
ities commission by all public utilities operat-
ing in the state of Illinois for the year ended
June 30. 1917, showed an increase of 24 per
cent killed and 12.2 per cent injured as com-
pared with the preceding year.
KILLED.
1917.
Steam railroads 913
Interurban railroads 86
Street railroads 136
Electric light companies.
Telephone companies
Gas companies
Telegraph companies
Water companies
Express companies
24
9
5
2
1
1
1.177
INJURED.
1917.
Steam railroads 16.539
Interurban railroads , 511
Street railroads 431
Electric light companies 660
Telephone companies 836
Gas companies 241
Telegraph companies
Water companies
Express companies 473
Steamboat companies 6
1916.
760
75
91
18
4
2
0
0
0
950
1916.
14.869
469
480
585
704
221
26
27
255
3
19.789 17,639
Of the 913 persons killed on steam rail-
roads, 491, or 54 per cent, were trespassers:
on interurban railroads, 86 killed. 28 tres-
passers. 32.5 per cent; on street railroads,
136 killed, 8 trespassers, 6 per cent.
On steam railroads 145 persons were killed
at highway crossings, as compared with 118
in 1916; of the former number 54 were in
automobile accidents, 26 in other vehicles
and 65 were pedestrians. On interurban rail-
roads 37 were killed at highway crossings, as
compared with 32 in 1916: 24 in automobiles.
3 in other vehicles and 10 pedestrians. On
street railroads 85 were killed at street cross-
ings, 14 in automobiles. 6 in other vehicles,
and 65 pedestrians.
THE CHICAGO ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Founded in 1857.
Lincoln park at Center street.
President — John W. Coulter.
Vice-President — Wallace W. Atwood.
Second Vice-President — Stuart Weller.
Secretary — Charles F. Hills.
Treasurer — Henry S. Henschen.
Board of Trustees— La Verne Noyes, president:
Charles Dickinson, vice-president; Charles F.
Gunther. Charles A. Heath, Louis E. Laflin,
Henry J. Furber, Ira J. Geer, Frederick L.
Wilk. John M. Coulter. Henry S. Henschen.
William H. Rehm. Frances Dickinson, Carroll
H, Sv.dler, Eugene H. Garnett, Francis T.
Simmons (ex offlcio).
Scientific Governors — N. S. Davis, chairman: A.
L. Stevenson. Henry J. Cox, Albert Dickin-
son, L. C. Walker, J. Holinger. John M. Coul-
ter, Henry Crew, Stuart Weller, La Verne
Noyes. Charles F. Hills, Peter A. Mortensen
(ex officio) .
The museum is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
on weekdays and from 1 to 5 P. m. on Sun-
days. There is no charge for admission. The
academy is in co-operation with the public and
private schools of the city in the promotion of
nature study. Free public lecture courses.
ALMANAC AND YEAS-BOOK FOB 1919.
935
MAP OF CHICAGO SHOWING GROWTH BY ANNEXATIONS.
936
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO FIRE
STATISTICS
SINCE
1863.
[From reports of fire marshals.]
Property
p
Ar. loss on
t. o floss
property
Popula-
Population
Ion
Years. Fires.
involved.
Loss.
Insurance.
per fire. I
i olv«d.
tion.
to each fire.
capita.
1863-4. 18fi
$355,600
$272.500
$1.912
153,796
827
$2.31
1864-5.
193
651,798
685.300
3,377
169.353
877
3.85
1865-6.
243
• •••'rj....
1.216,466
941.602
5,006
178,492
735
6.82
1866-7.
315
B
2.487,973
1.643.445
7,898
200.418
636
12.41
1867-8.
515
. . o . .
4,315,332
3,417,288
8.183
226,236
439
19.07
1868-9.
405
£
560.169
632,248
1,383
252.054
622
2.22
1869-^0
600
871,905
600.061
1,453
279.330
466
3.12
1870-.. .
669
£
2,447.845
2.183,498
3,659
306.605
458
7.98
1871-2*
489
672.800
745.000
1,989
337.000
685
2.89
1872-3.
441
680.099
3,763,275
1,542
367.393
833
1.85
1873-4 .
466
$7.041,700
1,013,246
3.641. 73S-
2,175
i4!39
381.402
818
2.66
1874-5t
473
11,063,616
2,3451684
6.789.300
4.959
21 22
395.408
836
6.93
1875J .
332
4.601,770
127.014
2.328.150
386
2. '76
401.535
1.209
.42
1876.
477
9,173.004
387,951
3.780.060
813
4.23
407.661
855
.95
1877.
445
10.868.921
1,044,997
6,173,575
2,348
9.62
442.196
949
2.48
1878.
478
6,751,234
306,317
3.327,348
641
4.54
436.731
914
.70
1879.
638
11.501,473
572,082
5.112,631
897
4.97
469.515
736
1.22
1880.
804
14.752,066
1,135.816
5,409.480
1,413
7.70
503.298
626
2.26
1881.
895
19,738,508
921.495
9.662.326
1,030
4.67
531.996
594
1.73
1882.
981
26,435,705
569,885
12.587,090
681
2.16
560.693
572
1.02
1883.
1.153
42.383,215
1,379,736
21,790,767
1,197
3.26
595.339
517
2.32
1884.
1.278
22,685,601
968,229
12,048.683
758
4.27
629.985
493
1.54
1885.
1,309
48,055.541
2,225,184
22.407.225
1,700
4.06
661.923
506
3.36
1880.
1,543
43,646,452
1.492,084
22.676.518
967
3.42
693.861
450
2.15
1887.
1,853
62,241.191
1.839.058
32,095.202
992
2.95
748.256
404
2.46
1888.
1,871
76,618,085
1.363.427
38,610.407
729
1.78
802.651
429
1.70
1889.
2,075
66,409.323
2,154.340
34.440,627
1,038
8.24
1.000.000
482
2.15
1890.
2,755
108,050,005
2,092,071
47.937.840
759
1.93
1.099,133
397
1.90
1891.
3.353
124,003,193
3,053,874
59.703.511
911
2.46
1.147.000
342
2.60
1892.
t
3,549
123.482.011
1,521,445
65,535.291
429
1.23
1,197,000
337
1.27
1893.
t
5.224
330,028,212
3,149,590
180,987.890
603
.95
1,250,000
239
2.52
1894.
5,174
129,046,541
3,254,140
72,185,581
629
2.52
1.305.000
252
2.49
1895.
5,316
120,794,760
2,974.760
73.443.646
560
2.37
1.362.000
256
2.19
1896.
4.414
97,061.640
1,979,355
59.070.130
448
2.04
1.427.000
323
1.39
1897.
5,326
98,883,270
2,272,990
55.233.596
425
2.30
1.485.000
279
1.53
1898]
5,048
91,922,210
2,651,735
56.550.470
525
2.88
1.558.000
309
1.70
1899.
9
6.031
128.304.413
4,534.065
70,851.165
752
3.53
1.626.000
270
2.79
1900.
9
5,503
112,599,125
2,213,699
72.893.463
402
1.98
1,698.575
309
1.30
1901.
6,136
133,195,220
4,296,433
83,079.743
700
3.22
1.747.236
285
2.46
1902.
l
5.125
112,998,325
4.118,933
71,615.759
803
3.64
1,795.897
350
2.29
1903.
6.O54
111,743,441
3,062,931
68,748.203
489
2.73
1.844.566
305
1.66
1904.
6,661
122,075,301
2,050,254
77,234.230
443
2.40
1,893.219
284
1.56
1905.
<i,r>22
117,497,315
3,303,929
76,533.230
507
2.81
1.941.880
298
1.70
190(5.
6.387
119.974.033
4,179,235
75.356.085
654
3.49
1.990.541
312
2.01
1907.
6,257
142,900,863
3,937,105
92.275,189
629
2.76
2.039.202
326
1.93
1908!
7,793
114,527,300
3,873,444
72,048.810
497
3.38
2.087.862
268
1.86
1909.
7,414
135,730,618
3,046,797
90.950,970
411
2.24
2.136.525
288
1.43
1910.
<
9,083
129.676,681
4,884.793
83.808,768
538
3.77
2.185.283
241
2.24
1911.
9.151
121.156,470
3,864,123
80.653.116
422
3.19
2.262.756
247
1.71
1912.
9,410
125,860,590
4,352.470
88.656,020
463
3.47
2.307.638
245
1.89
1913.
10,002
132.938,720
4,798.457
90.395.765
480
3.61
2.393.325
239
2.00
1914.
10.534
139,363.229
5,268.653
102.422.880
500
3.78
2.417,798
230
2.18
1915.
9.435
113.159,650
3.186.569
77.291.754
338
2.82
2.472.158
262
1.29
1916.
11,468
151.157.996
3,470,978
105,441.775
303
2.29
2.521.822
220
1.37
1917.
12.084
185.247.911
4,094,639
112.288.515
340
2.21
2.571.941
213
1.59
•The great fire not Included
tThe large fire included. JNine months ending Dec. 31.
1875.
FLAG DISPLAY DAYS IN CHICAGO.
In accordance with an order issued by Mayor
William Hale Thompson May 8, 1915. the
American flag1 should be hoisted on the build-
ings under the jurisdiction of the city govern-
ment on all election days and on the follow-
ing- anniversaries:
Feb. 12— Lincoln's birthday.
Feb. 15— Sinking of the Maine.
Feb. 22— Washington's birthday.
Apr. 19 — Battle of Lexington.
May 30 — Memorial day.
June 14 — Flag day.
June 17— Battle of Bunker Hill.
July 4 — Independence day.
Oct. 9 — Chicago day.
Oct. 12 — Columbus day.
Oct. 17— Battle of Saratoga.
Oct. 19 — Surrender of Yorktown.
Nov. 25 — Evacuation of Yorktown.
On all the foregoing dates the flag- should be
hoisted at full mast, with the exception of
Memorial dnv and the anniversary of the sink-
ing of the Maine, when it should be at half-
mast. The hours of displaying the flag are
from sunrise to sunset.
By an ordinance passed Feb. 5, 1917, by the
Chicago city council, the playing of the "Star
Spangled Banner" in public places in any way
except as an entire and separate composition
and without embellishments of national or
other melodies is prohibited. The playing of
the air as dance music or for an exit march
is also prohibited. Violation of the ordinance
by proprietors or performers is punishable by
a fine of $100.
GARNISHMENT LAW OF ILLINOIS.
Section 14 of the act of 1872 as amended in
1897 and 1901 declares: "The wages for
services of a wage earner who is the head of
a family and residing with the same, to the
amount of fifteen ($15) dollars per week,
shall be exempt from garnishment. All above
the sum of fifteen ($15) dollars per week
shall be liable to garnishment."
Employers are obliged to pay wages amount-
ing to $15 or less, notwithstanding the service
of a writ of garnishment, providing the person
to whom wages are due makes affidavit that
he is the head of a family and is living with
the same.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
937
CHICAGO POSTOFI'ICE.
Entrances on Adams, Clark and Dearborn Logan Square. M, McKinley Park, Morgan Park,
streets; telephone Harrison 4700; private ex-
ail departments.
03. 358,
change, ail departments.
Postmaster — William B. Carlile;
south wing.
Secretary-John T. McGrath, room 358. south
wing
Assistant Postmaster-John M . Hubbard ; room
Su3p5ermt^ndentWof Mails-Prank H. Galbraith;
OU
very-L. T. Steward:
B Bennett (registry
^Poster (inquiry
J. 0-Malley (second
upp* sec-
(auditor's
A^fsSpt/oTFinanc'e-T. W Bean (cashier's
section). Dearborn street lobby. Jr
Ass't Supt. of Finance-J. M. Hubbard, Jr.
(money order section), room 403
Secretary Civil-Service Board— Peter K&
Ins^ectorin Charge-James E. Stuart; room
wing.
CARRIER STATIONS AND SUPERINTEND-
ENTS.
ndiana-av; Henry Welch Jr.
&
N W station); Robert T. Howard. .
. .
Chicago Avenue Station-210 West Chicago
Ch1SeLawn1-3flOSwlsnt0r63d street; Thomas
Cragin^SO? Armitage-av. ; Peter J. O'Connor.
D--2108-10 West Madison street; James H.
McCauley.
Dauphin Park— 8948 Cottage Grove avenue;
Tpremiah F Collins.
Douglas Park— 1205-07 South Western avenue:
Irving Park boulevard:
Englewood49
0r
Milton M. Potter.
Eastside— 9909 Ewing-av.; Walter G. Seborg.
Edp water— 5501-03 Broadway; John H. Har-
W 51st-st.: Luman L. Shepard.
West 63d street; Frederick
Fifty -First "'Street— 715-721 West 51st street;
John E. Vreeland.
Garfleld Park— 3907-09 West Madison street:
Thomas R. Heaney.
Grand Crossing— 7427-29 South Chicago ave-
nue; James J. McKenna.
Hawthorne Station— 3647-49 Ogden avenue:
Edward O'Connell.
Hegewisch— 13303 Baltimore avenue: Mat-
thew Drinnan.
Humboldt Park— 1400-04 North Western ave-
nue: Edward Kinnare.
Hyde Park— 1304 East 55th street: Wilber E.
Crumbacker.
Irving' Park— 4218 West Irving Park boule-
vard; John T. McCormick.
Jackson Park— 6314-18 Maryland avenue;
James Kelly.
Jefferson — 4841 Milwaukee avenue: Ernest
Willmann.
Lake View— 1229-33 Belmont avenue; William
J. Becklenberg.
Lincoln Park— 1617-19 Larrabee street; Wil-
liam R. Rennacker.
James Stott.
M — 4235-37 Cottage Grove avenue; James N.
McArthur.
McKiniey Park — 3450-54 Archer avenue;
Frank Ryan.
Mont Clare — 2314-16 Sayre avenue; George F.
Dupuis.
Morgan Park— 1085 West lllth street; Fred-
erick W. Dayton.
North Halsted— 2454-58 North Halsted street:
Michael J. Keigher.
Norwood Park — t>040 Avondale avenue; Stan-
ley C. de Long.
Ogden Park Station— 1614-16 West 63d street:
Patrick J. Mahoney.
Pilsen— 1507-09 West 18th street; Joseph H.
Richak.
Pullman — lllth place and Cottage Grove ave-
nue; Gustav A. Ernst.
Ravenswood — 1812-14 Wilson avenue; Harry
A. Garvey.
Riverdale — 13565 Indiana-av.; Otto F. Grange.
Rogers Park — 1774-76 Lunt avenue: William
S. Hussander.
South Chicago — N. E. corner 92d street and
Exchange avenue; Patrick T. O'Sullivan.
Stockyards— 700-04 Root-st.: Henry C. Smale.
Twentieth Street Station — 1929 Indiana ave-
nue: Albert L. Anderson.
Washington Heights— 1254 West 103d street;
George B. Grunau.
West Pullman— 12005 Halsted street; Frank
M . Turner.
Wicker Park— 1221-25 North Paulina street;
Frank A. Kwasigroch.
STATIONS WITHOUT CARRIERS.
Masonic Temple— 159 North State street;
Henry H. Henshaw.
South Water— 207 North LaSalle street; Al-
bert P. Treleaven.
Stock Exchange — 30 North LaSalle street:
Charles Bonus.
Sheridan Park — Richard A. Haussner.
In addition to the above there are 310 num-
bered stations served from the carrier s,ta-
tions, each with a clerk in charge.
There are 4,268 clerks in the general post-
office and stations and 2,129 carriers, includ-
ing collectors. i
COLLECTIONS AND DELIVERIES.
In the downtown district there are twenty-
six collections of mail matter between 7 a. m.
and 11 p. m.; in the outlying districts there
are from four to twelve collections. Mail is
delivered six times a day in the business dis-
trict and three times in the outlying districts.
Special delivery letters are delivered in the
central postoffice district between 7 a. m. and
11 p. m. and from stations within their re-
spective districts between 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.
d'e
Special delivery mail received in special deliv-
ery section which can reach the point of de-
livery up to approximately 11 p. m. daily will
be given service throughout the city.
In the district bounded by the Chicago river
on the north and west, and on the south by
12th street, hotels, clubs, newspapers and
theaters have three night deliveries between
6 and 12 p. m.
POSTAL RECEIPTS.
Year ended June 30, 1918.
Stamps and stamped paper $28.502.274.93
Second, third and fourth class
postage 2,592.583.32
Miscellaneous receipts 12,618.00
Total 31,107,476,25
REGISTERED MAIL.
Fiscal year 1918.
Official registration, lee prepaid. 6.481.
Letters registered with fee prepaid. 1.880,300.
Parcel post and third class registered with fee
prepaid, 162.611.
938
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Registered letters received lor delivery. 2.664,-
436.
Registered parcel post and third class received
lor delivery, 57,812.
Exchange office articles received in transit,
100,282.
Registered jackets and sack jackets received
and opened, 235,554.
Registered jackets and sack jackets made up
and dispatched, 143,720.
Through registered pouches and inner sacks re-
ceived. 39,586. ,
Through registered pouches and inner sacks
made up and dispatched, 132,218.
Official letters and parcels registered free, 142,-
955
Total number of registered articles handled,
275,249.
Letters registered by carrier, 4,531.
Registered articles received in transit, I,o57,-
725
Through registered pouches and inner sacks re-
ceived in transit, 45,968.
Grand total, 7,749,428.
MAILING DIVISION.
Mails handled in the mailing division during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918.
Pounds. Pieces.
Letters 21,249,955 998,747.89ff
Specials 102,025 2,550,614
Nixies . 492,334 12,308,353
Second class 95,064,932 475,324,660
Third class 28.671,000 344,052.000
Parcel post 227.001,000 191,158.737
Total 372,581,246 2,024.142,260
Increase : 8,196,702 *107,588,983
Per cent increase in weight 2.2
Per cent decrease in pieces 6.
Proportion oi errors in handling mail 006
•Decrease.
DELIVERY DIVISION.
Amount of mail matter of all classes received
for delivery during the present fiscal year ended
June 30, 1918:
Mail letters. 296.438,558.
Local letters. 242.540.639.
Mail letters received at stations. 127,045.097.
Local letters received at stations, 103,945,988.
Total number of letters, 769,970.282.
Newspapers, circulars, etc., 162.653,906.
Grand total of all classes of mail received for
delivery, 932,624.188.
MONEY ORDER BUSINESS.
Fiscal year 1918.
Domestic money orders paid (28,553,717) .
$167.819.243.30.
orders paid (18 090),
issued (1,904.458).'
International money
$259.182.19.
Domestic money orders
$16,406,510.42.
Fees on domestic money orders issued. $123.-
649.16.
International money orders issued (71,322).
$949.796.86.
Fees on international money orders issued.
$12.123.60.
Certificates of deposit issued (177,923). $170.-
497,477.58.
Transferred to credit of postmaster-general.
$21.422,930.60.
Auditor's circulars, $16,933.19.
P. M. drafts on New York. $1,550,000. f
POSTAL SAVINGS BANK.
The postal savings bank was opened at the
main postoffice, Chicago, Aug. 1. 1911. Any
one 10 years old or over may open an account.
No account may be opened for less than $1,
nor will fractipns of a dollar be accepted for
deposit. Depositors are now allowed to de-
posit a total of $1,000, any part or all of
which may be deposited in any month.
Deposits are evidenced by postal savings cer-
tificates issued in denominations of $1, $2, $5.
$10, $20, $50 and $100.
Depositors of the postal savings system by
applying therefor thirty days in advance may
exchange the whole or a part of their deposits
on Jan. 1 or July 1 of each year for United
States registered or coupon bonds in denomina-
tions of $20. $100 and $500. bearing interest at
the rate of 2% per cent per annum, payable
semiannually and redeemable at tho pleasure of
the United States after one year from the date
of issue, both principal and interest payable
twenty years from that date in United States
gold coin.
Postal savings banks have also been estab-
lished at the following postal stations: Ar-
mour, Auburn Park, Austin, C, Canal, Chicago
Avenue. Chicago Lawn, Cragin, D, Dauphin
Park. Douglas Park, Eastside, Edgewater, Els-
don, Englewood, 51st Street, Garfield Park.
Grand Crossing, Hawthorne, Hegewisch, Hum-
boldt Park, Hyde Park. Irving Park, Jackson
Park, Jefferson. Lake View, Lincoln Park.
Logan Square, M, McKinley Park, Morgan Park,
North Halsted, Norwood Park, Ogden Park,
Pilsen, Pullman. Ravenswood, Riverdale, Rog-
ers Park, Sheridan Park, South Chicago. Stock-
yards, 20th Street. Washington Heights. West
Pullman, Wicker Park and at stations No. 10
(Hull House) and No. 195 (Boston Store)
The Chicago office ranks third in the United
President— (Vacancy) .
Vice-Presidents — James A. Patten and Hiram
A. Sager.
Secretary — John R. Mauff.
Treasurer — Ernest A. Harnill.
Directors — Terms expire in 1919: Charles P.
Randall, George E. Marcy. Theodore C. Cun-
ningham, Louis C. Brosseau, Wilson H. Per-
rine. Terms expire in 1920: Winfield S.
Day, James J. Fones. William E. Hudson, W.
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE.
Jackson boulevard and LaSalle street.
H. Colvin, Herbert J. Blum. Terms expire in
1921 : Emanuel F. Rosenbaum, John A.
Bunnell. Edward Andrew, G. W. Hales
Adolph Kempner.
A gallery is set apart for the use of visit-
ors, but admission is by card only. The trad-
ing hours are 9:30 a. m. to 1:15 p. m., except
on Saturday, when the closing hour is 12
o clock noon.
THE GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF CHICAGO.
Organized Feb. 26. 1898.
OFFICERS, 1917-1918. Recording Secretary— Mrs. Bertha B. Bohn.
President — Walter Sheldon Tower.
First Vice-President — Frank Hamlin.
Second Vice-President — William S. Monroe.
Third Vice-President — Lyman A. Walton.
Domestic Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. Laurie
R. Frazeur.
Foreign Corresponding: Secretary— Charles S.
Winslow.
Treasurer — Orpheus Moyer Schantz, P. O. Box
223, Chicago. 111.
Directors — Officers and George S. Isham, Jesse
Lowe Smith, James W. Walker, Frederick T.
West, Zonia Baber, Henry J. Cox, J. Paul
Goode, Henry J. Patten. Henry Chandler
Cowles. Ulysses Sherman Grant. Jens Jensen.
Rollin D. Salisbury.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
939
NOTABLE BUILDINGS IN CHICAGO.
Name, location, height in stories, height in feet and approximate cost given in order.
Adams Express— 115 South Dearborn street ; 10 ;
140; $450,000.
Advertisers'— 123 West Madison street; 16; 209;
$350,000.
American Trust and Savings Bank— Clark and
Monroe streets ; 18 ; 272 ; $1,000,000.
Art Institute — Michigan avenue and Adams
street ; 3 ; 75 ; $600,000.
Ashland— Clark and Randolph streets; 16; 200;
$1,500,000.
Atlantic Hotel— 316 South Clark street; 20; 200;
$1,400,000.
Auditorium — Michigan avenue and Congress
street; 11; 145 (to top of tower, 270) ; $3,200,000.
Auditorium Annex— Michigan avenue and Con-
gress street ; 11 ; 152 ; $1,000,000.
Auditorium Annex No. 2—528 South Michigan ave-
nue ; 13 ; 180 ; $750,000.
Barnheisel — 616-622 Michigan avenue ; 10 ; 150 ;
$350,000.
Bedford— Adams and Dearborn streets ; 14 ; 188 ;
$475,000. .
Blackstone Hotel— Michigan avenue and East 7th
street ; 20 ; 220 ; $1,500,000.
Board of Trade— Jackson boulevard and LaSalle
street ; 9 ; 135 ; $1,800,000.
Borland— Monroe and LaSalle streets ; 17 ; 239 ;
$630,000.
Born— 342-344* South Wells street; 12; 165; $300,000.
Born— 533 South Franklin street ; 10 ; 165 ; $500,000.
Boston Store — State and Madison streets ; 17 ; 260 ;
$3,500,000.
Boyce— 30 N. Dearborn street; 12; 155; $250,000.
Breda— 105 N. Dearborn street; 13; 160; $325,000.
Brevoort House— 120 West Madison street ; 12 ;
175; $500,000.
Brooks— 315 Franklin street ; 10 ; 142 ; $330,000.
Burlington — Jackson boulevard and Clinton street ;
21; 260; $1,500,000.
Butler Brothers— Randolph and Canal streets ;
14; 200; $1,750,000.
Cable— 307 S. Wabash avenue; 10; 140; $350,000.
Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.— State and Madison
streets; 12; 168; $1,350,000.
Caxton— 506 S. Dearborn street; 12; 150; $270,000.
Central Trust Bank— 117 West Monroe street ; 3 ;
75; $250,000.
Chamber of Commerce— LaSalle and Washington
streets; 13; 190; $1,000,000.
Chicago Athletic Association— 12 South Michigan
avenue ; 10 ; 165 ; $600,000.
Chicago Athletic Association Addition — 71 East
Madison street ; 13 ; 214 ; $500,000.
Chicago Savings Bank — State and Madison
streets; 14; 196; $750,000.
Chicago Title and Trust— 69 West Washington
street; 16; 210; $600,000.
Church— 32 S. Wabash avenue; 12; 150; $300,000.
City Hall— LaSalle street, between Randolph
and Washington streets ; 12 ; 247 ; $5,000,000.
City Hall Square— 119-121 North Clark street ; 21 ;
250; $1,500,000.
Columbia— Clark street, near Madison ; 11 ; 125 ;
$500,000.
Columbus Memorial — State and Washington
streets ; 14 ; 251 ; $800,000.
Congress Hotel — See Auditorium Annex.
Consumers — State and Quincy streets ; 21 ; 260 ;
$1,500,000.
Continental — South Wells and Quincy streets ; 10 ;
140; $250.000.
Continental and Commercial National Bank — Wells
and Adams streets; 20; 260; $4,500,000.
Conway— Washington and Clark streets: 21; 260;
$2,000,000.
Cook County Courthouse — Clark street, between
Randolph and Washington streets ; 12 ; 247 ;
$5,000,000.
Corn Exchange National Bank— LaSalle and Ad-
ams streets; 16; 189; $1,000,000.
Counselman — LaSalle street and Jackson boule-
vard ; 9 ;- 145 ; $325,000.
Dexter— 35 West Adams street; 8; 140; $150,000.
Federal Life — 166 North Michigan avenue ; 12 ;
175; $400,000.
Dry Goods Reporter— Market and Quincy streets ;
12; 150; $130,000.
Edison— Clark and Adams streets ; 18 ; 274 ; $3,-
800,000.
Elks— 174 W. Washington street ; 16 ; 200 ; $500,000.
Ellsworth— 537 South Dearborn street ; 14 ; 170 ;
$300,000.
Fair— State and Adams sts. ; 11 ; 165 ; $1,500,000.
Farwell Trust— 226 South LaSalle street; 12; 165;
$275,000.
Federal Building — See postofflce.
Field, Marshall (retail)— Block bounded by Wash-
ington, State and Randolph streets and Wa-
bash avenue ; 12 ; 225 ; $8,500,000.
Field, Marshall (men's store)— Wabash avenue
and Washington street ; 20 ; 260 ; $2,500,000.
Field, Marshall (wholesale) — Adams street and
Wells street; 8; 130; $2,000,000.
Field Warehouse — West Polk and Ellsworth
streets ; 13 ; 160 ; $500,000.
Fine Arts — 410 South Michigan avenue; 10; 150;
$750,000.
First National Bank — Dearborn and Monroe
streets ; 17 ; 257 ; $3,000,000.
Fisher — Dearborn and Van Buren streets ; 20 ; 274 ;
$965,000.
Fisk — Wabash avenue and South Water street ;
13 ; 150 ; $300,000.
Fort Dearborn— Clark and Monroe streets ; 12 ;
150; $400,000.
Fort Dearborn Hotel— Van Buren and LaSalle
streets ; 17 ; 250 ; $1,100,000.
Gaff— 230 South LaSalle street ; 9 ; 145 ; $275,000.
Gage — 18 South Michigan avenue; 12; 168; $500,000.
Garland— Wabash avenue and Washington street;
16 i 200 ; $1,000,000.
Garrfck— 64 W. Randolph street; 16; 211; $750,000.
Gibbons — 49 West Jackson boulevard: 16; 200;
$398,T000.
Goddard — Wabash avenue and Monroe street ; 13 ;
160; $300,000.
Grand Central Station — Harrison street and 5th
avenue; 7; 212% (to top of tower) ; $1,000,000.
Great Northern Hotel — Dearborn street and Jack-
son boulevard ; 17 ; 176 ; $900,000.
Harris Trust and Savings Bank — 111 West Mon-
roe street ; 21 ; 260 ; $2,500,000.
Hamilton Club — 10 South Dearborn street; 10;
150; $250,000.
Hart, Schaffner & Marx — Franklin and Monroe
streets ; 12 ; 190 ; $1,000,000.
Hartford — Madison and Dearborn streets ; 14 ; 165 ;
$1,000,000.
Harvester — Michigan avenue and Harrison street;
15; 212; $1,000,000.
Herald — 163 West Washington street; 7; 124;
$500,000.
Heyworth — Madison street and Wabash avenue ;
18; 286; $1,500,000.
Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co.— South Water
and State streets ; 10 ; 135 ; $1,000,000.
Hirsh, Wiekwire & Co.— 337 South Franklin street ;
10; 114; $500,000.
Home Insurance— LaSalle and Adams streets ; 12 ;
156; $800,000.
Hotel LaSalle— LaSalle and Madison streets ; 23 ;
260; $3,500,000.
Hunter — Madison and Market streets ; 12 ; 148 ;
$500,000.
Illinois Athletic Club— 112 South Michigan ave-
nue; 12; 200; $500,000.
Illinois Central Station— Park row, near Michigan
avenue; 13; 225 (to top of tower) ; $1,000,000.
Illinois Trust and Savings Bank — LaSalle street
and Jackson boulevard ; 2 ; 58 ; $300,000.
Insurance Exchange — Jackson boulevard and Wells
street; 22; 260; $4,000,000.
Isabella— 21 East Van Buren street; 10: 166;
$200,000.
Karpen— Michigan avenue and East 9th street;
12 ; 200 ; $1.400,000.
Kent— Franklin and Congress streets ; 10 ; 140 1
$500,000.
Kesner— Madison street and Wabash avenue; 17:
226; $850,000.
940
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Kimbull Hall — Wabash avenue and Jackson boule-
vard; 16; 200; $2,250,000.
Kling Bros. & Co.— 411 South Wells street; 10;
150; $250.000.
Kohn— 426 South Franklin street: 10: 150: $300,000.
Kuppenheimer — 115 South Franklin street; 10; 150;
$350,000.
Lake View— 116 South Michigan avenue; 12; 200;
$250.000.
Lakota— Michigan avenue and 30th street; 10;
140: $750,000.
LaSalle Street Station— Van Buren and LaSalle
streets; 14; 192; $2,500,000.
Lees— 19 South Wells street ; 14 ; 165 ; $400,000.
Lexington Hotel — Michigan avenue and 22d
street: 10; 130; $750,000.
Lombard Hotel— Wells and Quincy streets ; 11 ;
175; $500.000.
Ludingtou — 1104 South Wabash avenue; 8; 112;
$275,000.
Lumberman's Exchange — LaSalle and Madison
streets; 16; 200; $1,250,000.
Lyon & Healy— Wabash avenue and Jackson boule-
vard; 10; 175; $1,000,000.
Lytton— State street and Jackson boulevard; 18:
260: $2.250.000.
Majestic Theater— 22 West Monroe street; 20; 240;
$1,000,000.
Mailers — Wabash avenue and Madison street: 21;
260: $1.500.000.
Mailers— 226 South LaSalle street: 12: 175: $275.000.
Mailers — Market and Quincy streets; 10; 150;
$200,000.
Mandel— Wabash avenue and Madison street;
15; 226; $2,000,000.
Manhattan— 431 South Dearborn street; 16; 208;
$700,000.
Marque tte — Dearborn and Adams streets; 16; 229;
$1,000,000.
Masonic Temple — State and Randolph streets; 21;
354 (to observation platform); $3,000,000.
Medinah Temple— Wells street and Jackson boule-
vard; 12; 190; $500.000.
Mentor — Stat<; and Monroe streets; 16; 192; $500,-
000.
Merchants Loan and Trust Bank — Clark and Ad-
ams streetr; 12; 157: $1,000,060.
Michigan Avenue— Michigan boulevard and Wash-
ington street; 15; 200; $1,500,000.
Monadnock — Dearborn and Van Buren streets.; 16;
194; $2,000,000.
Monon — J40 South Dearborn street: 12: 160: $285.000.
Monroe — Michigan avenue and Monroe street; 14:
200. $1.500,000.
Morrison Hotel— Clark and Madison streets; 22;
260; $2.000,000.
McClurg— 218 South Wabash avenue; 9; 125; $200,-
0»0.
McCormlck— Michigan avenue and Van Buren
street; 20; 260; $1,000,000; addition, 20; 260;
$1,500,000.
McNeill— 321 West Jackson boulevard; 10; 140;
$250,000.
National Life— 29 South LaSalle street; 12; 160;
$1,200.000.
Newberry Library— Clark street and Walton
. place; 5; 70; $850,000.
New York Life — LaSalle and Monroe streets; 14;
166; $1,000,000.
North American— State and Monroe streets; 20;
260: $1.800.000.
Northern Trust Bank — LaSalle and Monroe
streets; 4; 74; $500,000.
Northwestern Railway (office)— 226 West Jackson
boulevard; 14: 212; $2,000,000.
Northwestern Railway (terminal station) — West
Madison and Canal streets; 3; 116; $20,000,000
(Including site).
Old Colony— Dearborn and Van Buren streets;
17; 203; $900,000.
Orchestra Hall — 216 South Michigan avenue; 8;
110; $900,000.
Otis— Madison and LaSalle streets; 18; 250;
$1,500,000.
Palmer— 367 West Adams street; 10; 140; $450,-
000.
Palmer House — State and Monroe streets; 9; 100;
$3.500,000.
Patten— Harrison and Sherman streets; 12; 168;
$450,000.
Peoples Gas — Michigan avenue and Adams street;
20; 260; $3,000.000.
People's Life — Randolph and Wells streets; 17;
200; $700.000.
Pontiac — Dearborn and Harrison streets; 14; 170;
$350,000.
Pope— 633 Plymouth court: 12; 160: $290.000.
Postal Telegraph — 137-153 Van Buren street; 11;
150; $800.000.
Postoffice— Adams and Clark streets; 8; 300 (to
top of dome); $4,000,000.
Powers— Wabash avenue and Monroe street; 13;
160; $400,000.
Printers— Polk and Sherman streets; 8; 120;
$400,000.
Public Library— Michigan avenue, between Ran-
dolph and Washington streets: 3: 95: $1.200,000.
Pullman— Adams street and Michigan avenue; 9;
125; $800.000.
Railway Exchange— Michigan avenue and Jack-
son boulevard: 17: 220; $1.600,000.
Rector— Clark and Monroe streets; 13; 175; $700,-
000.
Reid, Murdoch & Co.— North side of river, be-
tween Clark and LaSalle streets; 9; 175:
$1,000,000.
Reliance— -State and Washington streets; 16; 200;
$500.000.
Republic— State and Adams streets; 19; .260;
$1.100.000.
Rialto— 140 West Van Buren street; 9; 144:
$700,000.
Rookery— LaSalle and Adams streets; 11; 165;
$1.500.000.
Rothschild— 304 South State street; 8; 138; $250,-
000.
Royal Insurance — 160 West Jackson boulevard;
13; 185; $800,000.
Schiller— See Garrick.
Security— Madison and Wells streets; 14; 147;
$450.000.
Sherman House— Clark and Randolph streets; 14;
200; $2,500,OCO.
Shuman— Randolph and Wells streets; 16; 200;
$700,000.
Siegel, Cooper & Co.— State and Van Buren
streets; 8; 123; $1,250.000.
Silversmiths— 10 South Wabash avenue; 10; 135;
$250.000.
Society Brand— Franklin and Congress streets: 13:
160; $450,000.
Spitz & Schoenberg— 529 South Franklin street:
10: 150; $250.000.
Star— 538 South Dearborn street: 12: 150: $250.000.
State-Lake—State and Lake streets; 13; 200;
$1,600,000.
Sieger— Wabash avenue and Jackson boulevard;
20; 250: $800,000.
Steinway— 64 East Tan Buren street: 11: 188;
$280,000.
Stevens— State street, between Washington and
Madison; 19: 250; $2.250.000.
Stewart— State and Washington streets; 12; 145:
$800,000.
Stewart Apartments— Lake Shore drive and Di-
vision street: 12; 145: $700.000.
Stock Exchange— LaSalle and Washington streets:
13; 173: $1,250.000.
Straus— Clark and Madison streets; 10; 141; $250.000.
Studebaker— 629 S. Wabash a venue: 10: 135; $350.000.
Tacoma— Madison and LaSalle streets: 13: 165:
$500,000.
Telephone — Washington, between Wells' and Mar-
ket streets; 20; 260; $2.500,000.
Telephone (Franklin bldg.)— 311-327 West Wash-
ington street; 11; 172; $2,000,000.
Temple — LaSalle and Monroe streets: 12: 185:
$1,000.000.
Temple Court— 219 South Dearborn Street: 9: 100;
$300.000.
Teutonic— Washington and Wells streets' ; 10 : 130 ;
$500.000.
Theodore Thomas Hall— See Orchestra hall.
Tower (old Montgomery Ward)— Michigan avenue
and Madison street: 25: 394 (to top of tower):
$1.500,000.
Transportation (Heisent— Dearborn and Harnsoa
streets: 22: 260; $2.000.000.
Tribune— Dearborn and Madison streets: 17: 244:
$1,500.000.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
941
Twentieth Century — State and Adams streets ; 15 ;
200; $700.000.
Union Terminal Station — South Canal and Adams
streets; 3; 116; $40,000,000 (including site).
Unity— 127 North Dearborn street: 16: 208: $800.000.
University Club — Michigan avenue and Monroe
street: 9: 130: $1.150.000.
Van Buren— Van Buren and Wells streets ; 10 ;
130; $250.000.
Venetian— 15 East Washington street ; 13 ; 181 ;
$350.000.
Virginia— Ohio and Rush streets; 10: 150: $500.000.
Vogue— 286-290 South Wells street; 10; 150;
$200,000.
Webster— 127 South Market street; 10: 150; $150.000.
Western Union — 111 West Jackson boulevard; 13;
176: $700.000.
Westminster — Monroe and Dearborn streets: 16;
200; $1,200.000.
Williams— 205 West Monroe street; 10; 140: $200.000.
Wilson— 528 South Wells street; 10; 150; $500,000.
Y. M. C. A.— 19 South LaSalle street: 17: 260;
$1.000.000.
Y. M. C. A. Hotel— 818-826 South Wabash avenue ;
19; 200; $1,100,000.
The limit of height under a building ordinance
passed Feb. 6. 1911. Is 200 feet.
NOTABLE NEW YORK BUILDINGS.
Height in stories and feet.
Stories.
. 32
Ft.
424
Empire
Storie
20
32
415
Equitable
. ..37
..23
306
Evening1 Post
...32
.23
306
Flatiron
20
..20
266
Germania Life. . . .
20
39
539
Heidelberg
30
...20
270
Hotel McAlpin. . . .
. ..25
19
272
Hudson Terminal.
22
20
276
Hyde
...20
..22
259
Liberty Tower
32
..20
341
Maiden Lane
25
..33
486
Manhattan Life. . .
27
20
263
Masonic
19
Columbia Trust. . .
...23
306
Metropolitan Life.
50
Commercial Cable.
...21
955
293
485
385
286
281
410
307
275
288
385
315
348
292
700
Stories. Ft.
Municipal 24
Park Row 29
Pulitzer 22
Singer 41
St. Paul 26
Sun 23
Times 28
Trinity 21
U. S. Rubber Co 20
Victoria 20
Walker 17
Washington Life 19
Whitehall 32
Woolworth 51
560
382
376
612
308
306
419
280
273
263
388
273
424
785
CEMETERIES IN CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
Arlington — West thirteen miles, near Elmhurst.
Bethany — Archer avenue and 79th street.
Bohemian National— North Crawford and Foster
avenues. i
B'ual Abraham— South of Waldheim.
B'nai Sholom— North Clark street, near Irving
Park boulevard.
B'rith Abraham— Desplaines avenue and 14th
street. Forest Park.
Brookside— West sixteen miles, near South Elm-
hurst.
Calvary— North ten miles, near South Evanston.
Chebra Gemilath Chasadim Ubikur Cholim— North
Clark street, near Irving Park boulevard.
Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim— North Clark
street, near Irving Park boulevard.
Chevra Shomer Hadas — Nine miles west on Des-
plaines avenue, south of West 12th street.
Concordia — Nine miles west on Madison street.
Crown Hill— Fourteen miles west on Aurora, El-
gin & Joliet railway.
Eden — Irving Park boulevard, near Franklin Park.
Elm Lawn— West thirteen miles on Lake street,
near Elmhurst.
Elmwood— Grand and Beach avenues.
Evergreen — South Kedzie avenue and 87th street.
Fairmount — Willow .Springs.
Fair Oaks Park— Matteson. south.
Forest Home— West ten miles on 12th street.
Free Sons of Israel— Waldheim.
German Lutheran— North Clurk street and Irving
Park boulevard.
Graceland— North five miles on Clark street.
Hebrew Benevolent Society— North Clark street,
near Irving Park boulevard.
Highland — West Chicago.
Lincoln — Kedzie avenue and 123d.
Montrose — Bryn Mawr and Crawford avenues.
Moses Montefiore — South of Forest Home.
Mount Auburn — Southwest nine and one-half miles
at 39th street and Oak Park avenue.
Mount Carmel— Hillside Station.
Mount Forest— Thornton. 111.
Mount Glenwood — Thornton. 111.
Mount Greenwood — Near Morgan Park; south.
Mount Hope — Near Morgan Park.
Mount Israel — Dunning.
Mount Maariv — Narragansett avenue near Irving
Park boulevard.
Mount Olive — Northwest nine miles, on Narra-
gansett avenue.
Mount Olivet— South sixteen miles, near Morgan
Park.
New Light— East Prairie road, near Lincoln ave-
nue, Morton Grove: northwest.
North Chicago Hebrew Congregation — At Rosehill:
north.
Norwood Park — Sanford avenue and HIggins road
Oak Hill— West 119th street and Kedzie avenue.
Oakland — Proviso; west twelve miles
Oak Lawn— South Halsted and 180th streets.
Oakridge— Oakridge avenue and West 12th street,
west twelve miles.
Oakwoods— Greenwood avenue and 67th street:
south.
Oestereich-Ungarlscher Eranken Unterstuetzungs-
Verein— At Waldheim.
Ohavo Amuno — South of Forest Home.
Ohavo Sholom — At Oakwoods.
Polish — Milwaukee avenue, near Norwood Park.
Ridgelawn — North Crawford and Peterson avenues.
Rosehill — North seven miles at Edgewater ave-
nue and East Ravenswood avenue.
St. Adalbert— Norwood Park.
St. Boniface— North Clark street and Lawrence
avenue.
St. Henry— Ridge and Devon avenues.
St. Joseph's — River Grove.
St. Lukas— 5232 North Crawford avenue.
St. Maria— Grand Trunk railway and 87th street:
south.
Sinai Congregation— At Rosehill.
Society of Benevolence and Relief of the Sick-
North Clark street and Irving Park boulevard.
Union Ridge — Higgins avenue, near Norwood Park.
Waldheim — West ten miles on Harrison street.
Woodlawn — West 22d street and Harlem avenue.
Zion Congregation — At Rosebill.
REGISTRATION ACT UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
The central registration act which was
passed by the Illinois legislature and which
went into effect July 1, 1917, was declared
unconstitutional by the State Supreme court
Feb. 20. 1918, on the ground that fourteen
amendments were omitted from the enrolled
bill. A bureati of central registration was or-
ganized in Chicago, and district registrations
were held Jan. 29 and Jan. 30. The law
declared void was intended as a measure of
economy by doing1 away with the extra gren-
eral registration days required under the old
system.
942
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO POLICE DISTRICTS, PRECINCTS AND STATIONS.
General headquarters, city hall. Traffic division. 152 Illinois street. Detective division. 179
North LaSalle street.
Dist. Prec. Locatic
1 1 *180
>n of stations,
ttorth LaSalle street.
South Clark street.
Cottage Grove avenue.
Vabash avenue.
L,ake Park avenue.
Sast 75th street.
Cottage Grove avenue.
East 89th street.
East 106th street.
3ast 115th street.
>outh Wentworth avenue.
South Green street .
>outh Halsted street.
.Vest 47th street.
Vest 35th street.
>outh California avenue.
Dist. Prec. Location of stations.
13 17 *943 Maxwell street
2 2 »625
3 3 «2523
18 2259 South Robey street
14 19 *2656 Lawndale avenue.
15 ... 20 *4001 Fillmore street
4 4 *4802 1
5 5 *5233
6 6 *834
16 21 *120 North Desplaines street
7 9069 <
18 23 *5610 West Lake street
7 8 »2938
19 ... 24 *1123 West Chicago avenue
9 3456
20 25 *2138 North California avenue
8 10 *200
9 LI «6347 J
21 26. . .. * 3973 Milwaukee avenue
27 4905 Grand avenue
12 8501 .
22 28 » 113 West Chicago avenue.
23 29 *2742 Sheffield avenue.
24 30 *3600 North Halsted street
10 13 *4736 £
14 1700 '
11 15 . »74Q 1
25 31 *1940 Foster avenue
12 16 *3900 S
32 7075 North Clark street
•District headquarter.
n
PERSONS ARRAI
M
•ORK OF THE POLICE
GNED IN COURT,
ale. Female. Total.
.585 13.685 129.270
,747 7,291 62,038
.838 6.394 67.232
by Age.
21 3 24
9.586 1,342 10,928
24,670 3.694 28,364
23,674 3,007 26.681
33,440 3.465 36,905
16,100 1,546 17.646
6.229 506 6,735
1,865 122 1,987
DEPARTMENT (1917).
Male. Female. Total.
Bohemians 950 119 1069
Canadians 317 54 371
Chinese 138 3 141
Single . . .60
Danish 324 23 347
Classified
Under 16
English 456 107 563
French 173 49 222
From 16 to 20 incl
From 21 to 25 incl
From 26 to 30 incl
From 31 to 40 incl
From 41 to 50 incl....
From 51 to 60 incl
Germans 3253 407 3660
Greeks 1950 11 1961
Hebrews 956 265 1 221
Hollanders 152 12 164
Hungarians . . . : 619 84 703
Irish 2.421 356 2777
Italians 3.053 141 3.194
Lithuanians 1 724 171 1 895
Total 115,585 13,685 129,270
Norwegians 515 56 571
OCCUPATION C
Actors 213
Agents 1.640
Artists ' 64
)F PRISONERS.
Merchants 2.874
Midwives 14
Milkmen 134
Polish 6.675 893 7.568
Roumanians 125 8 133
Russians 4.785 758 5,543
Scotch 283 44 327
Slavonians 364 53 417
Attorneys 262
Bakers 474
Barbers 677
Miners 44
Molders 335
Musicians 211
Swedes 1.668 108 1,776
Swiss 86 5 91
Other nativities 1.132 87 1,219
Barkeepers 997
Billposters 18
Blacksmiths ... 163
Boilermakers... 217
Brokers 334
No occupation. .10.017
Painters 1 475
Total 115.585 13.685 129,270
Patternmakers. . 52
Peddlers 2,029
DISPOSITION OF CASES IN THE MUNICI-
PAL AND CRIMINAL COURTS.
Held to the grand jury 3 794
Physicians 596
Butchers 757
Plasterers 178
Carpenters 1,130
Chauffeurs 15.349
Cigarmakers ... 163
Clergymen 10
Clerks 5,574
Confectioners .. 106
Cooks 912
Dentists 84
Plumbers 426
Policemen 32
Porters 1,554
Capias arrests 415
Sentenced to penitentiaries 199
Printers 824
Sentenced to Pontiac reformatory . . . . 326
Prostitutes 5
Roofers 133
Sentenced to the county jail 380
Sentenced to the house of correction... 3.655
Fined .. 38.754
Sailors 291
Salesmen 5,714
Detectives 16
Draftsmen .... 67
Drug-gists 133
Saloonkeepers... 1.972
Servants 1,094
Released on peace bonds 112
Ordered to make weekly payments. . . . 683
Bonds forfeited 412
Turned over to United States authorities 76
No bills by grand jury 925
Shoemakers 308
Soldiers 223
Electricians . . . 728
Engineers 69c
Farmers 232
Firemen 517
Steamfltters 364
Stonecutters ... 36
Street car em-
ployes 304
Discharged nolled etc.. 86.823
Pending .. . 2,961
Florists 95
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARGES.
Felonies.
1917. 1916. 1915.
Abandonment of child. 31 1
Abduction 13 10 4
Students 541
Harnessmakers.. 20
Horseshoers ... 93
Housekeepers .. 5.960
Janitors 852
Tailors 1.825
Teamsters 5.538
Tinsmiths 131
Undertakers . . .
Upholsterers . . 76
Wag-onmakers . 11
Watchmen 298
Other occupa-
tions 17.846
Total 129.270
Junkdealers .... 585
Abortion 31 25 47
Arson or attempt 24 69
Bipamy 31 29 33
Lettercarriers ... 23
Liverymen 65
Machinists 2.948
Masons 391
Burglary 1.476 1.216 1.548
Burglary.' attempted.. . 73 52 79
Burglars' tools, pos-
NATIVITY OF PE
M
Americans 72
EISONS ARRESTED,
lie. Female. Total.
.801 7.426 80.227
.676 2.293 10.969
.989 152 2.141
Children. crime against 134
Confidence game 879 945 1,040
Conspiracy 205 150 835
Americans, colored. . 8
Austrians . . 1
Criminal carelessness.. 8
Counterfeiting . . 118
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
943
Embezzlement
1917.
244
74
19
6.752
48
78
287
72
21
188
33
234
9
1,068
1.361
39
175
38
91
eanors.
2.105
26
967
1,690
864
2
89
10
55,653
1916.
226
85
14
5,560
32
99
292
71
22
193
37
254
15
679
1,301
28
177
42
242
1,811
58
1,177
1.529
827
160
10
49,942
1915.
271
98
15
5.935
34
71
375
68
14
194
49
235
17
637
1,384
30
203
65
260
1,778
Gaming house, inmates
Gaming house, keepers
1917.
5,301
444
18
48
467
1
175
523
313
23
9
165
641
8.696
19
662
178
1,652
2.527
2.610
3,903 .
406
2
180
3,006 .
4
712
1916.
3.193
172
22
55
537
13
220
1915.
2.768
306
110
54
726
11
Forgery
Kidnaping
Larceny and larceny by
bailee
Impersonating officer. .
Obtaining money false
pretenses
Larceny, accessory to.
Larceny, attempt to
commit
Opium dens, inmates. .
Peddlers calling wares.
Peddlers' license, with-
out
Malicious mischief
427 .
Mayhem
Murder
Resisting an officer....
Riot .
261
5
6
70
228
354
48
7
63
Murder, accessory to...
Murder, assault to
commit
Rules of the road
Selling liquor to minors
Perjury
Selling liquor without
license
Receiving1 stolen prop-
erty
Speed ordinance viola-
8.201
18
253
155 .
6,932
16
174
Robbery
Robbery, accessory to.
Robbery, a s s a ult to
commit
Threats, extortion by.
Vagrancy
Auto operator intoxi-
cated
Threats to kidnap or
Other felonies
Glaring headlights ....
License plate illumina-
tion
1,164
1,164 .
Misderr
Abandonment of wife
or children
License plate display..
License renewal
Lights on vehicles ....
2,025 .
536
Animals unfastened . . .
871
1.651
836
3
161
9
54,400
4
Assault with deadly
weapon
Muffler cut-out, using.
Parking ordinance
Smoking" auto
330 .
" 'i
Carrying c o n c e aled
weapons
Vehicles not to pass
cars
762 .
Compounding1 a felony
Cruelty to animals
Cruelty to children
Disorderly conduct ....
Total* 13
7.910 111,587 121.714
specified in above list.
•Including charges not
MURDERS AND HOMICIDES IN 1917.
Murders.
Total number 91
Without arrests 34
Murderers killed 2
Suicides after arrest 12
Persons arrested 67
Sentenced to hang 2
Sentenced to Joliet 17
Sentenced to Pontiac 0
Sent to asylum 1
Acquitted 12
No bills 10
Died 2
Pending ., 21
Homicides.
Total number 216
Without arrests 43
Persons arrested 43
Exonerated 46.
Acquitted . . 28
No bills 44
Suicide after crime 12
Sentenced to Joliet 22
Sentenced to Pontiac . . \ . . 3
Sentenced to asylums ..-,:. 2
Sentenced to hang 0
Died 2
Cases pending 29
Year.
SUMMARY OF
No. officers Fines
and men. Arrests.* imposed.
1886 1.032
1887 1.145
1888 1,255
1889 1.624
1890 1.900
1891 2.306
1892 2,726
1893 3.189
1894 3,188
1895 2,850
1896 3.033
1897 3.551
1898 3.594
1899 3.267
1900 3.314
1901 2.782
1902 2.732
1903 2.773
1904 2.676
1905 2,590
1906 3.578
1907 4.110
1908 4.293
1909 4.706
1910 4.260
1911 4.437
1912 4.436
1913 4.443
1914 4.420
1915 5.331
1916 5.277
1917 5.199
•Charges brought.
44,261
$202.036.00
$149.988.52
46.505
259.249.00
168.023.03
50.432
305.176.00
193.141.67
48.119
275.925.00
206.822.12
62.230
363.938.00
228.885.73
70.550
464.850.02
309,585.45
89,833
615,822.10
319.305.00
96,676
523.359.00
294.129.83
88,323
452.340.00
392.082.14
83.464
301.555.00
360.358.82
96.847
300.319.00
429,882.00
83.680
216.284.00
390.628.89
77.441
212,056.00
372.934.73
71.349
203,687.00
339.914.59
70.438
219,902.00
414,181.37
69.440
258.060.00
381.654.45
70,314
245.440.00
436.792.73
77.763
330.026.00
392,181.63
79.026
393.003.00
298.696.07
82,572
440.021.00
382.159.61
91,471
527.450.00
545,043.35
63,132
477.069.00
498,571.63
68.220
384.518.00
668.285.17
70.575
364.509.00
735.957.75
81.269
445.232.00
1.148.851.0O
84.838
531.316.00
1.634,148.46
86.950
539.615.00
1.762.590.26
09.764
743.844.00
1,260.619.02
16.895
802.240.00
1,884.153.64
21.714
801.102.00
2.107,738.76
11.527
673,145.00
2.847.489.66
37,910
729,107.00
3,181,944.10
POLICE WORK BY YEARS.
Property :
recovered. Salaries.
il, 084,259.25
1,199.022.28
1,297,379.20
1.432.189.25
2,066.308.92
2,485,981.24
2,822,220.27
3,287,530.84
3.433,129.30
3,253,195.20
3,150,569.19
3.290.419.66
3,281,092.08
3,257.256.17
3, 230.627. 63
3.260,608.80
3.179.948.96
3.420,079.92
3.363,059.47
3.551.447.60
3.796.430.94
4.822.509.36
5.407.117.87
5.544.545.68
5.611.840.47
5.846.167.53
6.343.897.35
6.288.502.09
6. 621. 923. 91
6.001. 426. 14
6.929,139.48
6,798,177.15
[iscellaneous
Total ex-
:xpenditures.
penditures.
S108.510.31
$1.192,769.56
106.539.79
1,305.562.07
177.756.12
1,475,135.32
170.405.35
1.602,594.60
133.818.04
2,200,126.96
136,067.21
2.622,048.45
212,823.65
3,035.043.92
263,026.86
3.550.557.70
210,806.87
3.643,936.17
166.619.60
3.419,814.80
153.839.58
3,304.408.77
167,163.69
3,457.583.35
160.777.77
3,441.869.85
181.318.28
3.438.574.45
154,532.41
3.385.160.04
148.398.15
3.409.006.95
158.833.67
3.338.782.63
149,397.85
3.569.477.77
182,882.36
3.545.941.83
409.826.87
3,961.274.47
274,771.42
4,071.202.36
565.600.65
5,388.110.01
296.799.46
5,703.917.32
266.072.89
5,810.618.57
213.614.40
5.825,454.87
295.464.80
6.141.632.32
293.554.63
6.637,451.98
334.152.81
6.662.654.90
363.981.07
6.985.904.98
375.013.70
7.276,439.84
345.024.93
7.274.164.41
492.764.92
7.290,942.07
944:
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
WORK OF AMBULANCE DIVISION.
Total number cases handled 26,774
Sick and injured officers examined (head-
quarters) 1,037
Sick and injured officers examined (spe-
cial) 194
Officers examined for sick leave 152
Civilians examined 31
Citizens treated 672
Chauffeurs examined for license 2,522
Requisitions filled for medical supplies... 304
ACCIDENTS REPORTED BY POLICE.
Fatal. Not fatal. Total.
Street cars 123 2,340 2,463
Motorcars 198 4,085 4.283
Autotrucks 86 849 935
Railroads 224 451 675
Fatal.
Wagons, etc 60
Street 38
Falling 212
Bicycles 9
Not fatal. Total
1,557 1,617
1,889 1,927
1,317
190
1,629
199
PERSONS AIDED BY POLICE.
Sick and injured 30 445
Suicides , 453
Found dead 1,657
Found drowned HQ
Insane persons 924
Destitute persons 545
Abandoned children •. . . 96
Rescued from drowning 41
Conveyed to hospitals 20,677
Conveyed to homes .» 4,123
Conveyed to morgues 2,123
SUPERINTENDENTS OF POLICE OF CHICAGO.
Names and dates of appointments:
W. W. Kennedy, April. 1871.
Elmer Washburn, April, 1872.
Jacob Rehm, December, 1873.
Michael C. Hickey. Oct. 7, 1875.
Valerius A. Seavey, July 30, 1878.
Simon O'Donnell. Dec. 15. 1879.
William J. McGarigtei Dec. 13, 1880.
Austin J. Doyle. Nov. 13, 1882.
Frederick Ebersold, Oct. 26, 1885.
George W. Hubbard, April 17, 1888.
Frederick H. Marsh. Jan. 1, 1890.
Robert W. McClaughry, May 18. 1891.
Michael Brennan, Sept. 11, 1893.
John J. Badenoch, April 11. 1895.
Joseph Kipley. April 16. 1897. and April, 1899.
Francis O'Neill, April 30, 1901, and June 26,
1903.
John M. Collins, July 26, 1905.
George M. Shippy, April 15, 1907.
LeRoy T. Steward. Aug. 4. 1909.
John McWeeny, May 1, 1911.
James Gleason. Nov. 3, 1913.
Charles C. Healey, April 26, 1915.
Herman F. Schuettler, Jan. 11. 1917.
The first heads of the Chicago police force
were known as head constables. John Shridley
served from 1837 to 1839 and Samuel J. Lowe
from 1839 to 1842. Then the title was
changed to city marshal, those serving under
that name being:
Orson Smith. 1842-1844.
Philip Dean, 1844-1848.
Ambrose Burnham. 1848-1852.
James L. Howe. 1852-1854.
Darius Knight, 1854-1856.
Cyrus P. Bradley. 1856-1858.
J. M. Donnelly. 1859.
Jacob Rehm, 1859.
Iver Lawson, 1860.
In 1861 the position was given the official
title of superintendent of police. Cyrus P. Brad-
ley served from 1861 to 1863; William Tuttle
from 1864 to 1866 and Jacob Rehm from 1866
to 1871.
THE LA VERNE NO YES FOUNDATION.
Property to the value of $2,500,000 was
turned over to the University of Chicago by
La Verne W. Noyes of Chicago July 25, 1918,
as a fund to be designated as "The La Verne
Noyes Foundation" and to be devoted to the
following purposes as set forth in a memoran-
dum accompanying the announcement of the
gift:
"To pay tuition at not to exceed the ordi-
nary rate in the University of Chicago,
whether in its colleges or in its graduate or
professional schools, for deserving students
without regard to differences in sex, race, re-
ligion or political party, who shall be citi-
zens of the United States and who either.
"First, shall themselves have served in the
army or navy of the United States in the war
for liberty into which our republic entered
SURVIVING CHICAGO
David W. Clark, "Hope" hose No. 2.
D. H. Curtiss, "Chicago" engine No. 9.
W. N. Danks, "Hope" hose No. 2.
Harvey Doty, "Liberty" hose No. 6.
John Leady, "Excelsior" No. 5.
George Leiger, "Eagle" No. 7.
J. M. Mahler, -'Eagle" No. 7.
E. Mendson. "Garden City" No. 6.
John J. O'Neill, "Niagara" No. 3.
James Schreiner, "Eagle" No. 7.
George Sinclair, "Eagle" No. 7.
Laurence Walsh, "Niagara" No. 3.
William Wayman. "Excelsior" No. 5.
on the sixth day of April, 1917. provided
that such service was terminated by an hon-
orable discharge, or,
"Second, shall be descendants by blood of
any one in service in the army or navy of
the United States, who served in said war, or,
"Third, shall be descendants by blood of any
one who served in the army or navy of the
United States in said war, provided that such
service was terminated by an honorable death
or an honorable discharge.
"It is declared to be the purpose of the donor
in establishing this foundation at the same
time to express his gratitude to those who
ventured the supreme sacrifice of life for their
country and for the freedom of mankind in
this war."
VETERAN FIREMEN.
VETERANS FROM 1871.
I. M. Adler. A. Breit, J. J. Berry, !». Berry.
A. J. Calder, J. G. Carlson. J. Campion, Colvin
L. Cole, P. Dignan. James Donigan, F. J.
Gund. G. Lathrop, G. Leady, J. M. Lanf, J. J.
O'Neil, Thomas O'Leary, J. C. Pazen, A. W.
Pendlcton, Conrad Ruhl, C. Schimmels. C.
Schroeder. G. Steurnagel. G. W. Wells, L. J.
Walsh, N. Weinand.
Officers of the Fire Veterans of 1871 : Presi-
dent. Nicholas Weinand; vice-president, George
L. Lathrop: secretary, Capt. C. Schimmels:
treasurer, John J. Berry; historian, Owen J.
Shevlin.
EMPLOYES ON THE CHICAGO CITY PAY ROLL.
Average number in 1917.
General government 11,086
Public works 4,575
Waterworks 3.718
Board of education -, 11,724
Public library.
Harbor and subway
540
59
Tuberculosis sanitarium 640
Total .. 32.342
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR, 1919.
045
CHICAGO CLUBS AND CLUBHOUSES.
Adventurers' Club— 26 North Dearborn street:
president, Russell Mott; secretary, Paul H.
McCalla.
Advertising- Association — President, Wilbur D.
Nesbit: secretary, Wallace F. Brown.
Aero Club of Illinois — President. Charles Dick-
inson; secretary, Ralph Fuicner.
Alliance Francaise — President, Francis T. Sim-
mons; corresponding secretary. Miss Eliz-
abeth J. Mundie, 410 South Michigan ave-
nue.
American Unity (formerly German Club of Chi-
cago)— Pres., William Rothmann: secretary,
Charles W. Wurster, 40 North Dearborn street.
Arche — President, Mrs. T. M. Flournoy; corre-
sponding secretary, Mrs. W. W. Plewes.
Austin Woman's — President, Mrs. A. H. Cle-
ment: corresponding secretary, Mrs. O. W.
Barrett.
Bankers — President. Frederick H. Rawson; sec-
retary and treasurer. Thomas C. Stibbs.
British American — Fraternity halls. 19 West
Adams street; president, Fred W. Fuidge;
secretary. George Gibson.
Builders — 415 Chamber of Commerce building;
president, James H. Clark; treasurer. Joseph
E. Lindquist; secretary, Thomas J. Maney.
Calumet Country — 95th street and Cottage
Grove avenue; president, William Hough; sec-
retary, F. E. Bell.
Casino — 167 East Delaware place: president,
Mrs. J. G. Coleman; secretary, Eames Mac-
Veagh.
Caxton — Chicago Art Institute; president, C. L.
Ricketts; secretary, Frederic F. Norcross.
Chicago Architectural — 39 West Adams street:
president, Robert L. Franklin; secretary,
Raymond J. Ash ton.
Chicago Athletic Association — 12 South Michi-
gan boulevard ; president (vacancy) : secre-
tary, Barry J. Ahles.
Chicago Automobile — 321 Plymouth court: pres-
ident, Charles Herendeen; secretary, Harry
Newman.
Chicago CluV-Michigan avenue and Van Buren
street: president. Watson F. Blair: secretary-
treasurer, William J. Louderback.
Chicago College — 16 North Wabash avenue:
president. Mrs. I. S. Blackwelder; correspond-
ing secretary. Miss Louise Fairman.
Chicago Culture — President. Mrs. William M.
Gunton; corresponding secretary, Mrs. C. I.
Backus.
Chicago Driving — President, L-. J. Pentecost;
secretary. R. E. Thomas.
Chicago Gun— President. W. A. Davis: secre-
tary-treasurer. James H. May.
Chicago Lincoln Club — 108 Germania place:
president, Ernest J. Kruetgen.
Chicago Motor Club— 2838 South Michigan ave-
nue: president, Charles M. Hayes: secretary,
David Rosenbach.
Chicago Polo — President. Jarvis Hunt ; secretary
and treasurer, E. J. Prendergast.
Chicago Woman's— 410 South Michigan avenue:
president, Mrs. Edwin T. Johnson: corre-
sponding secretary, Miss Alice E. Moran.
Chicago Woman's Aid — Indiana avenue and 21st
street; president, Mrs. Beni. Auerbach: corre-
sponding secretary, Mrs. Edward Gudeman,
4812 Kimbark avenue.
Chicago Yacht — Foot of Monroe street: outer
harbor: commodore, Charles H. Thorne: secre-
tary, H. G. Crowder; treasurer, Lloyd E.
Work.
City Club — 315 Plymouth court: president.
Prof. George H. Mead: secretary, Charles
Yeomans; treasurer, Roy C. Osgood; civic
secretary, George E. Hooker.
Cliff Dwellers, The— 220 South Michigan ave-
nue: president. Karleton Hackett; secretary,
Arthur O. Andersen.
Colonial Club of Chicago — 4445 Grand boule-
vard: president, Orlando Adams; secretary,
Maurice R. Amadoe.
Columbia Yacht — Lake front, foot of Randolph
street: commodore, C. H. Morgan: secretary,
F. D. Porter.
Commercial — President, Thomas F. Donnelly;
secretary, Rufus C. Dawes.
Cordon — President, Mrs. Samuel Wright: corre-
sponding secretary. Miss Ethel L. Coe.
Douglas Park Woman's — President. Mrs. Elene
Payne; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Frances
A. Wallace.
Drama League of Chicago — President, Mrs. Ly-
man E. Walton; secretary, Mrs. Joseph R.
Hawley.
Edgewater Country — 5658 Winthrop avenue:
president, H. F. Hill; secretary, A. R. S.
Smith.
Electric Club — President, Fred M. Rosseland;
secretary, W. H. Hodge.
Elks— 174 West Washington street; secretary,
Gustaf W. Nothdurft.
Englewood — 6323 Harvard avenue: president.
Dr. W. T. Bohart: secretary, A. A. Dailey.
Englewood Woman's Club — 6732 Wentworth
avenue; president, Mrs. Charles S. Clark: re-
cording secretary, Mrs. E. R. Haynes.
Evanston Country Club — 1501 Oak avenue,
Evanston; president, Charles N. Stevens: sec-
retary, Donald C. Miller.
Forty Club — President. Wilbur D. Nesbit; secre-
tary. Charles H. Burras.
Hamilton — 18 South Dearborn street: president.
Fosters. Nims; secretary, Walter F. Olds.
Illinois — 11 North Ashland boulevard: presi-
dent. Dr. S. S. Baker: secretary, F. A. Alden.
Illinois Athletic — 112 South Michigan avenue:
president, George Hull Porter; secretary, Jud-
son D. McCarthy.
Industrial — President. Charles A. Munroe; sec-
retary, Robert W. Stewart.
Irish Fellowship — President, Peter J. Peel: sec-
retary, John K. Murphy.
Iroquois — 26 North Dearborn street: president,
John W. Eckhart: secretary. B. J. Altheimer:
treasurer. Oscar G. Foreman.
Kenwood — Lake Park avenue and 47th street:
president. Charles R. Holden; secretary, Her-
bert E. Kerber.
Lincoln Park Navy — Secretary, E. J. Shaack.
Lincoln Park Yacht — Commodore, Ogden T. Mc-
Clurg; secretary, E. W. Broecki.
Matheon — President, Mrs. Lucretia K. Sampson:
corresponding secretary. Miss Elsa Melchert.
Mathesis — President, Mrs. Maurice Lovewell;
corresponding secretary, Mrs. J. G. Streitel-
meir.
Mid-Day — First National Bank building. 17th
floor; president, Bertram M. Winston: secre-
tary, Charles A. Munroe.
Prairie Club — President, J. A. Russell; sec-
retary, J. E. Boyed.
Press Club— City Hall Square building- presi-
dent, Opie Read; secretary, Walton Perkins.
Quadrangle — University avenue and 58th street:
president. Marquis Eaton; secretary. Fred-
erick D. Bramhall.
Rotary — Hotel Sherman, parlor G; president.
R. F. Chapin; secretary. Dr. Will R. Neft.
Ruth — 6001 Indiana avenue; president, Mrs.
Leo Heller; recording secretary, Mrs. C. F.
Riese.
Saddle and Cycle — Sheridan road and Foster
avenue: president. B. M. Winston; secretary.
A. Wilder Brown.
Service — President. Mrs. Philip Swift; treas-
urer. Miss C. B. Neely.
Shoreacres — President. Stanley Field: secretary,
Joseph T. Ryerson.
Social Service Club — President, Frances Taus-
sig; secretary. Harry Herwitz.
South End Woman's — President. Mrs. William
Brady; recording secretary, Mrs. Frank Clute.
8918 Exchange avenue.
South Shore Country— Lake shore and 70th
street: president, Everett C. Brown: secretary.
Charles C. Fitzmorris.
Southern — 26 North Dearborn street: president.
Marion W. Pitner; secretary, George Earle.
Standard — Michigan avenue and 24th street:
president. Jacob Ringer; secretary, Daniel W.
Fishell.
946
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Swedish Club of Chicago— 1258 North LaSalle
street; president. C. S. Peterson; secretary.
C. G. Axell.
Three Arts — Dearborn and Goethe streets: presi-
dent, Mrs. Charles E. Kohl; secretary, Mrs.
George A. Ranney.
Three Score and Ten — President. William Mc-
Kinley; secretary, Charles 'F. Lorenzen.
Town and Country — 2841 Washington boule-
vard: president, William B. Nordhem; secre-
tary. Fritz Winquist.
Traffle— President. Robert L. Ross; secretary. C.
B. Signer.
Tuesday Art and TraveJ— President. Mrs. Ben
Craycroft; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Gail
E. Deming.
Union League — Jackson boulevard and Federal
street: president. Frank H. Scott: secretary.
C. M. Trowbridge.
Union Printers — 164 West Washington street:
president. John L. Howard; secretary, Her-
man L. Heidke.
United Irish League, Chicago and Cook County
— President. Lawrence R. Buckley; corre-
sponding secretary, W. H. Durkin.
University — Michigran avenue and Monroe street:
president, Joseph E. Otis: secretary, Harry J.
Dunbaugh.
Western Society of Engineers — 1735 Monadnock
block; president, C. B. Burdiek; secretary,
Edgar S. Nethercut.
West End Woman's — 35 South Ashland boule-
vard ; president, Mrs. Richard H. Brown ; cor-
responding secretary. Mrs. George B. Sloan.
Woman's Athletic — 606 South Michigan avenue:
president, Mrs. George W. Dixon: correspond-
ing secretary, Mrs. J. O. Watkins.
Women's City — President, Mrs. Joseph T. Bpw-
en; secretary, Mrs. Sarah B. Tunnicliff; civic
director. Amelia Sears.
Women's Fellowship — President. Mrs. M. Frank
Ryan: recording secretary. Miss Anna Danne.
Woman's New Century — President. Mrs. W. J.
Austin; corresponding secretary, Mrs. M. J. L.
Strong.
Woodlawn Park — 64th street and Woodlawn
avenue: president, Willis R. Hunt; secretary.
Philip L. Gibson.
Woodlawn Woman's — President. Mrs Charles S.
Cornelius: corresponding secretary, Mrs. Rob-
ert J. Coyne.
Young Fortnightly — Fortnightly rooms. Fine
Arts building; president, Mrs. Marion Pool:
corresponding secretary. Miss Clara King.
STREET LIGHTING IN CHICAGO.
Synopsis of number of lamps in service and annual cash costs:
. 1916.
Type of lamps. Lamps. Costs.
Flame arc. alternating current 9.698.6 $36.69
Inclosed alternating current arc 63.0 25.81
1.000 candle power 2"0 ampere incandescent 98.6 23.98
600 candle power 10 ampere incandescent
600 candle power 20 ampere incandescent 14.120.2 26.25
250 candle power 6.6 ampere incandescent 100.8 13.79
100 candle power 4 ampere incandescent.." 9,694.6 8.49
100 candle power 6.6 ampere incandescent
Subway, municipal 1,290.0 4.93
Subway, contract 4.823.2 7.54
Flame arc, rented 1.356.4 75.62
Magnetite arc. rented 12.0 63.11
600 candle power series incandescent, rented 2.9 60.41
600 candle power multiple incandescent, rented 8.3 68.21
Tungsten, rented 67.8 25.61
Gas. standard 6.936.5 22.04
Gas. ornamental 1.316.0 23.05
Gas. double mantle - . . . . -. _.;v^
Gasoline 4,925.0 36.5o
The following- table shows the relative cash >«,,1?A6,;, c »,i?^,
cost of lighting the city during the years 1916 Rented electric '$142.171.80 $14o. 622.00
and 1917- Municipal electric. 812.049.98 805.157.46
1916. 1917.
Gas.. $183.347.17 $158.565.25
Gasoline .. 179.167.87 212.617.72
1917
Lamps.
6.594.75
63.00
243.61
2.992.45
15,203.38
102.04
8,900.00
55.50
1,323.00
1.669.30
1,311.26
12.00
101.69
42.49
87.00
6.101.95
1.513.92
7.08
5,372.52
Total 1.316,736.82 1,321
Cost per 1.000 d. 1. 14.14
,962.49
14.03
STATE AND SECTIONAL
California Society of Illinois — President. Wil-
liam W. Durham: secretary. George Day. 1904
Warren avenue.
Chicago Colony of New England Women — Presi-
dent, Miss Leila C. Brown: recording secre-
tary, Mrs. James B. Barnet. 72 East Elm
street: corresponding secretary, Mrs. George
B. Van Norman, 4917 Washington Park
court.
Chicago Society of Ohio Women — President,'
Mrs. Willis O. Nance: recording secretary,
Mrs. Allen R. Smart: corresponding secretary,
Mrs. Charles D. Gano.
Council of State Societies of Chicago — Club-
room No. 6, Auditorium hotel: president,
Orya G. Williams; 1st vice-president. Miss
Leila C. Brown; 2d vice-president. Judge
John P. McGoorty: secretary. Miss Florence
J. Allen: treasurer. J. G. Schaefer; board of
governors, the officers and Mrs. D. Harry
Hammer, W. W. Norris. Dr. Heman H.
Brown. Dr. Joseph P. Cobb, Mrs. Ella M.
Wood.
Daughters of Indiana— President. Mrs. Thomas
M. Butler, 1415 East 57th street: correspond-
ing secretary, Mrs. C. W. Cuddy. 7411 Green-
view avenue, Rogers Park.
SOCIETIES IN CHICAGO.
Empire State Society of Chicago — President, Dr.
H. V. Halbert: treasurer. George W. Ford:
secretary, John Pierce King, 119-123 West
Madison street.
Hawkeye Club of Chicago (Iowa) — President.
S. T. Meservey; secretary, Harry C. Ordway,
920 Argyle street.
Indiana Society of Chicago— President. Kenesaw
M. Landis: first vice-president. William A.
Heath: treasurer. Lucius Teter; secretary, Ed-
ward M. Holloway. 725 Federal building.
Michigan Society of Chicago — President. Irving
K. Pond: secretary, John E. Sutton. 175 West
Jackson boulevard.
New England Society of Chicago — President.
Dr. Joseph P. Cobb : treasurer. Henry R. Kent :
secretary, B. F. Paine. 503 West 62d street.
Ohio Society of Chicago — President. John T.
Richards; secretary. E. P. Lapham.
Pennsylvania Society of Chicago — President, A.
M. Schoyer; secretary and treasurer. Hartley
L. Replogle, 1025-6 First National Bank
building.
Southern Club of Chicago — President. Marion
W. Pitner: sec-etary. George Earle.
Wisconsin Society of Chicago — President. John
P. McGoorty; secretary-treasurer, L. A. Wil-
liams.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
947
ASYLUMS, HOMES AND NURSERIES IN CHICAGO AND VICINITY.
Agard Deaconess Rest Home— Lake Bluff.
Altenheira— (See German Old People's Home).
Augustuna Central Home — 1346 North LaSalle
street.
Augustana Home for the Aged— 7544 Stony
Island avenue.
Augustana Nursery— 1346 North LaSalle street.
Augustana Nurses' Home— 351 Garneld avenue.
Augustana Women's Home — 1307 East 54th street.
Bacon Home for Missionaries* Children — 11016
South Irving avenue.
Baptist Old People's Home— 316 South 4th avenue,
Maywood.
Bethany Home for the Aged— 6015 North Paulina
street.
Bethany Home for Young Ladies — 824 Center
street.
Bethlehem Creche Day Nursery— 235 West 53d
street.
Beulah Home — 2144 North Clark street.
Bohemian Old People's Home— 5061 North Craw-
ford avenue.
Chicago Baptist Orphanage — Maywood.
Chicago Deaconesses' Home — 22 West Erie street.
Chicago Home for Convalescent Women and Chil-
dren— 1516 West Adams street.
Chicago Home for Girls— 6024 Indiana avenue.
Chicago Home for Incurables— 5535 Ellis avenue.
Chicago Home for Jewish Orphans— Drexel ave-
nue and 62d street.
Chicago Industrial Home for Children— Office 1132
West Washington boulevard.
Chicago Light House— 3321 West 22d street.
Chicago Municipal Lodging House — 162 North
Union avenue.
Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan— 1932 Burling
street.
Chicago Orphan— 5120 South Park avenue.
Chicago Shelter Home— 547 Maxwell street.
Chicago State Hospital— Dunning.
Chicago Woman's Shelter— 1356 West Monroe-st.
Christopher House Day Nursery— 1616 Fullerton
avenue.
Church of God and Saints of Christ Day Nurs-
eries and Orphanage and Home — 5405 South
Dearborn street.
Church Home for Aged Persons— 5435 Ingleside
avenue.
Cook County Home (for Poor)— Oak Forest.
Cook County Kinderheim— 1356 North Rockwell-st.
Co-Operative League of Chicago (Homes for
Business Mothers and Their Children)— 2217
and 5131 Calumet avenue.
Danish Lutheran Orphan— 3320 Evergreen avenue.
Danish Old People's Home— 6809 Hurlbut street.
Emerson House Day Nursery— 1906 Emerson-av.
Evangelical Deaconesses' Home — 408 Wisconsin
street.
Faith Missionary Home — 300 West 74th street.
Florence Crittenton Anchorage— 2615 Indlana-av.
Foundlings' Home — 15 South Wood street.
Frances Juvenile Home — 433 East 42d street.
German Baptist Deaconess Home and Hospital
Society— 3264 Cortland street.
German Deaconesses' Home— 824 Center street.
German Hospital Nurses' Home — 2329 Cambridge
avenue.
German Old People's Home — Forest Park, 111.
Guardian Angel, German Orphan— 2001 Devon-av.
Hebrew Sheltering Home — 1336 South Morgan-st.
Helen Day Nursery— 702 Barber street.
Home for the Aged — West Harrison and Throop.
Home for Aged Jews— Drexel avenue and 62d
street.
Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People— 610
West Garfield boulevard.
Home for Destitute Crippled Children— 1653 Park
avenue.
Home for the Friendless— Vincemies avenue and
5lst street.
Home for Jewish Friendless and Working Girls—
53d street and Ellis avenue.
Hope Hall — 6036 Ravonswood avenue.
House of the Good Shepherd — 1126 Grace street.
Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind— 1900-1932
Marshall boulevard.
Illinois Industrial School for Girls— Park Ridge.
Illinois Masonic Homes— LaGrange and Sullivan.
111.
Illinois Manual Training School Farm— Glenwood.
111. Office 608. 160 West Jackson boulevard.
Illinois St. Andrew Society Old People's Home
—Riverside. 111.
Immanuel Women's Home — 1505 North LaSalle-st.
Indiana House — 12 East Grand avenue.
Institutional Church Day Nursery (colored) — 3825
South Dearborn street.
Jackson Park Sanitarium— 64th street and the
lake.
Jane Ridley Home for Soldiers' Widows (col-
ored)— 3852 Forest avenue.
Jewish Shelter House — 1316 Turner avenue.
Josephine Club— 515 South Ashland avenue.
Juvenile Detention Home — 771 Gilpin place.
Kinderheim House— 1356 North Rockwell street.
King (James C.) Home for the Aged— Garfield
boulevard and South Park avenue.
Lawrence Hall (home for boys) — 2850 Lawrence
avenue.
Louise Training School for Colored Boys — 6130
South Ada street.
Lutheran Orphans' Home — Addison. 111.
Margaret Etter Creche — 2421 Wabash avenue.
Marks Nathan Jewish Orphan— 1550 S. Albany-av.
Martha Washington Home — North Western ave-
nue and Irving Park boulevard.
Mary Crane Day Nursery— 818 Gilpin place.
McKlnley Home for Working Girls— 561 South
Ashland avenue.
Mercy Home — 2834 Wabash avenue.
Methodist Deaconess Orphanage — Lake Bluff.
Methodist Episcopn1 Old People's Home — 1417
Foster avenue.
Miriam Club, Homes for Jewish Working Girls—
4815 Chamnlain avenue.
Mission of Our Lady of Mercy— 1138 West Jack-
son boulevard.
National Park Seminary Day Nursery— 329 West
24th street.
North Avenue Day Nursery— 2138 West North
avenue.
Norwegian-Danish Deaconess Home— 1925 North
Sawyer avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran Bethesda Home— 2244 Had.
don avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran Children's Home — Edison
Park.
Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess Home— 1138 North
Leavitt street.
Norwegian Old People's Home — 6054 Avondale-av.
Ogontz Day Nursery — 1600 Allport street.
Old People's Home — 4724 Vincennes avenue.
Orphan and Convalescent Home of St. Mary ot
Nazareth — 4423 North Paulina street.
Orthodox Jewish Home for the Aged — Albany
and Ogden avenues.
Park Ridge School for Girls— Park Ridge.
Parting of the Ways Home — 112 West 22d street.
Paulist Day Nursery— 919 South Wabash avenue.
Phyllis Wheatley Home — 3530 Forest avenue.
Presbyterian Home — Highland Park.
Protestant Association Home for Children— 310
Normal parkway.
Providence Day Nursery— 3052 Grattan avenue.
UeKthavcn— 3360 South Park avenue.
St. Charles School for Boys— St. Charles. 111.
St. Elizabeth Day Nursery— 906 N. Franklin-st.
St. Joseph's Home for Aged and Crippled— 2649
North Hamlin avenue.
St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless— Lake Park
avenue and 35th street.
St. Joseph's Home for Working Girls— 1100 South
May street.
St. Mary of Nazareth's Home — 4423 North Mul-
ligan avenue.
St. Mary's Home for Children— 2822 West Jack-
son boulevard.
St. Mary's Mission House— 850 Washington blvd.
St. Mary's Nursery— 2822 West Jackson boulevard.
St. Mary's Settlement and Day Nursery— 656
Wost 44th street.
St. Mary's Training School for Boys— Des Plaines.
St. Vincent's Infant Asylum— 721 North LaSalle
street.
948
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Strah Hackett Stevenson Memorial Lodging
House for Women— 2412 Prairie avenue.
South Chicago Day Nursery— SOU Burley avenue.
Susanna Wesley Home — 3143 South Michigan-av.
Swedish Baptist Old People's Home — 11404 South
Irving avenue.
Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum—
2014 Burling street.
Volunteers of America Children's Home —
Evanston; day nursery, 1213 Washington-bd.
Walther League Hospice Home — 4331 Calumet-ay.
Washingtonian Home— 1529 West Madison street.
Western German Baptist Old People's Home—
1851 North Spaulding avenue.
Working Men's Home and Life Boat Mission—*
32 North State street.
Young Woman's Christian Association Home—
830 South Michigan avenue.
Young Woman's Christian Home— 318 South Ash«
land boulevard.
HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES OF CHICAGO.
Alexian Brothers' — 1200 Belden avenue.
American — 2058 West Monroe street.
Auburn Park— 7845 Winneconna avenue.
Augustaua — 2043 Cleveland aveuue.
Beulah— 2148 North Clark street.
Bohemian— 1333 South California avenue.
Chicago City Infant— 721 North LaSalle street.
Chicago Fresh Air — 2450 Howard street.
Chicago Lying-in — 5038 Vincennes avenue.
Chicago Maternity— 2314 North Clark street.
Chicago Policlinic — 221 West Chicago avenue.
Chicago Union— 830 Wellington avenue.
Children's — Wood street, near Polk.
Children's Memorial — 735 Fullerton avenue.
Columbia — 4607 Champlain avenue.
Columbus — 2540 Lake View avenue.
Columbus Extension— West Polk and Lytlc-sts.
Cook County — West Harrison and Wood streets.
Betention— Wood and West Polk streets,
urund, Annie W.— Wood and York streets.
Edward Sanitarium— Naperville, 111.
Emergency (city) — 1065 West Monroe street, 176
West Jackson boulevard (room 1015), 1260
West Madison street and 621 Orleans street.
Englewood — West 60th and South Green streets.
Evangelical Deaconesses' — 408 Wisconsin street.
Fort Dearborn — 3830 Rhodes avenue.
Frances E. Willard National Temperance — 710
South Lincoln street.
Garfield Park— 3815 Washington boulevard.
George Smith Memorial— See St. Luke's.
German-American — 741 Diversey boulevard.
German Evangelical Deaconess — 959 West 54th-pl.
German Hospital— 549-559 Grant place.
Hahnemann — 2814 Groveland avenue.
Henrotin Memorial— 939 North LaSalle street.
Hygeia — 2715 South Michigan avenue.
Illinois Central — 5744 Stony Island avenue.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary— 904
West Adams street.
Iro<juois Memorial Emergency — 23 N. Market-st.
Isolation— S. Lawndale-av. and W. 36th-st.
Jefferson Park— 1402 West Monroe street.
Lake Shore — 4147 Lake Park avenne.
Lakeside — 3410 Rhodes avenue.
Lake View— 4420 Clarendon avenue.
Littlejohn — 1410 West Monroe street.
Maimonides — 1519 South California avenue.
Mary Thompson— West Adams and Paulina-sts.
Maternity and Infant Hospital of Chicago — 1900
South Kedzle avenue.
Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases— South
Wood and Flournoy streets.
Mercy — Calumet avenue and 26th street.
Michael Reese — Groveland avenue and 29th street.
Neal Institute— 811 East 49th street.
North Chicago— 2551 North Clark street.
Northwest Side — 1$27 West North avenue.
Norwegian Lutheran— 1138 North Leavitt street.
Norwegian Lutheran Tabitha— 1044 N. Francisco
avenue.
Park Avenue— 1940 Park avenne.
Passavant Memorial— 149 West Superior street.
People's — 22d street and Archer avenue.
Post-Graduate — Dearborn and 24th streets.
Presbyterian— West Congress and Wood streets.
Provident— Dearborn and 36th streets.
Psychopathic — South Wood and Polk streets.
Pullman — 11217 Watt avenue.
Ravenswood — 1917 Wilson avenue.
Robert Burns— 3807 Washington boulevard.
St. Anne's— 4900 Thomas street.
St. Anthony de Padua— West 19th street and
Marshall boulevard.
St. Bernard's Hotel Dieu— 6337 Harvard avenue.
St. Elizabeth's— North Claremont avenue and Le-
moyne street.
St. Joseph's— GarGeld avenue and Burling street.
St. Luke's — 1433 Michigan avenue.
St. Luke's Hospital Training School for Nurses—
1416 Indiana avenue.
St. Mary of Nazareth— North Leavitt and Thomas
streets.
Sarah Morris Hospital for Children— Groveland
avenue and East 29th street.
Sheridan Park — 628 Beimont avenue.
South Chicago— 2325 East 92d place.
South Park— 218 East 55th place.
Streeter — 2646 Calumet avenue.
Swedish Covenant— 2739 Foster avenue.
Tuberculosis— North Crawford and Bryn Mawr
avenues.
Dnited States Marine — 4141 Clarendon avenue.
University — 432 South Lincoln street. »
Washington Boulevard — 2449 Washington-bd.
Washington Park— 60th street and Vernon avenue.
Wesley — 2449 Dearborn street.
West Side— 1844 West Harrison street.
West Side Emergency — 1260 West Madison street.
DISPENSARIES.
Alexian Brothers' Hospital— Belden and Racine
avenues.
Bennett Free — 300 North Ada street.
Calumet Clinic — 2527 Calumet avenue.
Central Free — West Harrison and Wood streets.
Chicago Christian Industrial League — 884 South
State street.
Chicago College of Osteopathy— 1422 West Monroe
street.
Chicago Lying-in — Maxwell and Newberry.
Chicago Policlinic— 219 West Chicago avenue.
Children's South Side Free— 705 West 47th street.
Hahnemann College Free — 2811 Cottage Grove.
Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear— 124 South
Peoria street.
Jewish Aid Society and Etnanuel Mandel. West
Side, Free— 1012 Maxwell street/
Lincoln — 700 South Lincoln street.
Marcy Center — 1335 Newberry avenue.
Mary Thompson— West Adams and Paulina streets.
Olivet — 1500 Cleveland avenue.
Post-Graduate—Dearborn and 24th streets.
Provident Free— 16 West 36th street.
Salvation Army Free — 673 South State street.
South Side — 2431 Dearborn street.
Volunteers of America Free — 1201 Washington
boulevard.
West Side Free— Congress and Honore streets
(College of Physicians and Surgeons).
CHICAGO'S BILL FOR EXPERT SERVICES.
In 1917. according- to a statement prepared
by City Comptroller Pike lor the city council
finance committee. Chicago paid out for the
' services of experts the following1 sums:
Gas litigation.: $97,618
Traction and subway commission 38.998
Council committees 56,750
Michigan avenue widening 366,749
Special assessment commissioners 10,780
Miscellaneous real estate services 96,432
Corporation counsel:
Legal services ! '".2 ~
Miscellaneous 32,677
Expert medical services i-ZSo
Miscellaneous experts 16,533
Total .. 736,326
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
949
OLD CHICAGO BUSINESS HOUSES.
Following is a list of firms which have been
in business in Chicago for fifty years or more.
There are doubtless numerous omissions and
the editor of the Almanac will appreciate it
if they are brought to his attention. The
present name of each firm is given first and
then the name or names it may have borne
in the past with the approximate year of the
change of title when known:
1836 — Ogden, Sheldon & Co.. real estate:
Clark and Lake streets.
1837 — S. D. Childs & Co.. engravers and print-
ers, 136 South Clark street.
C. D. Peacock, jeweler, 141 South State
street: Elijah Peacock.
Hotel Sherman: City hotel. 1837; Sherman
house. 1844.
1838 — Burley & Co., china and glassware, 7
North Wabash avenue: Burley & Tyrrell
Co.. 1846.
1840— George B. Carpenter & Co.. awnings. 430
North Wells street: George A. Robb, 1840:
Payson & Robb. 1845: Hubbard & Robb,
1850: Gilbert Hubbard & Co., 1857:
George B. Carpenter & Co.. 1881.
1842— Brantigam & Keen, 1842: Keen Bros..
1847; Keen & Lee, 1853; W. B. Keen &
Co., 1863; F. C. DeLang & Co., 1873:
Keen & DeLang Co., 1884; DeLang, Coles
& Co.. 1906.
1842 — Henry Horner & Co.. wholesale grocers,
563 West Randolph street; Henry Horner.
1842: Henry Horner & Co.. 1871.
Joseph T. Ryerson & Son. iron, steel and
maghinery. 16th and Rockwell streets.
1844— A. C. McClurg & Co.. booksellers. 218-
R24 South Wabash avenue: W. W. Barlow
& Co., 1844: Griggs. Bross & Co.. 1848:
Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1872: A. C.
McClurg & Co.. 1886.
Peter Van Schaack & Sons, druggists, 114-
118 West Lake street.
Sharp & Smith, surgical instruments. 155-
157 North Michigan avenue.
The Chicago Daily Journal. 15 South Market
street.
1846— Fergus Printing Co., 64 East Lake
street: Ellis & Fergus.
Peter Schuttler Co.. wagon makers, 22d and
Rockwell streets.
1847— John V. Farwell Company, dry goods.
Market and Monroe streets.
Cyrus H. McCormick & Co. (International
Harvester Co.). harvesting machinery.
Blue Island and Western avenues: McCor-
mick & Gray: McCormick, Ogden & Co.
The Chicago Tribune, Dearborn and Madison
1848— Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co.. The, bil-
liard tables. 633 South Wabash avenue:
J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
The Staats Zeitung, 24 South Wells street.
1850— Mears-Slayton Lumber Co.. 1237 Bel-
mont avenue; C. H. Mears & Bro., 1850;
N. & C. H. Mears. 1881; Chas. H. Mears.
1889; Chas. H. Mears & Co.. 1892.
1851 — JEtna Life agency, insurance. Tribune
building.
Durand & Kasper Co., wholesale grocers.
Lake, Union and Eagle streets: Baily &
Durand. 1851: Durand Bros. & Powers.
1856: Durand Bros.. Powers & Co.. 1866:
Durand & Co.. 1871: H. C. & C. Durand,
1879: Durand & Kasper Co.. 1894.
Fuller-Morrisson Co.. 310 West Washington
street: Fuller & Roberts. 1851: Fuller.
Finch & Fuller. 1855: Fuller & Fuller,
1885.
Heath & Milligan Mfg. Co., paints: 332 South
Michigan avenue.
1852 — Pinkerton National Detective agency,
131-137 South Wells street.
Sherer-Gillett Co.. manufacturers. 1705-9 S.
Clark street.
T. D. Randall, grain dealer, 234 South
LaSalle street.
Home Insurance Co., 175 West Jackson-blvd.
1853— Frank Parmelee Transfer Co.. Ill West
Adams street.
D. B. Fisk & Co., wholesale millinery. 226
North Wabash avenue.
Briggs house. Wells and Randolph streets.
The Northwestern Christian Advocate. 734
Rush street.
1854— Cook & McLain. dyers, 154 North Dear-
born street.
E. W. Blatchford & Co.. lead pipe and metals.
230 North Clinton street.
Albert Dickinson Co.. seeds. 2750 West 35th
street.
C. H. Jordan & Co.. undertakers. 164 North
Michigan avenue.
1855— Crane Co.. valves and fittings. 836 South
Michigan avenue: R. T. Crane & Co..
1855: Crane Bros. Mfg. Co.. 1872.
The Martin Dawson Co., confectionery, 1520
South State street: J. B. Hannegan & Co.,
1855; N. Crickard & Co.: Dawson &
Shields. 1868: Martin Dawson. 1878.
Fargo & Phelps. shoes. 1701 North Robey
street: Bill, Fargo & Kellogg, 1855; Fargo
& Bill, 1856: Fargo. Fales & Co.. 1864:
C. H. Fargo & Co.. 1871.
Greenebaum Sons bank. 9 S. LaSalle street.
Hibbard, Spencer. Bartlett & Co.. hardware,
etc.. State street bridge: Tuttle Hibbard.
1855: Hibbard & Spencer. 1865; Hibbard,
Spencer & Co., 1877: Hibbard, Spencer.
Bartlett & Co.. 1882.
Mandel Brothers, dry goods. State and Madi-
son streets.
Sherwood company, school furniture, Lincoln
and 14th streets.
Samuel A. Spry, lumber. 122 South Michigan
avenue: F. B. Gardner. 1855: Gardner &
Spry, 1866: Gardner & Spry Lumber Co..
1869; John Spry Lumber Co.. 1885.
The L. Wolf Manufacturing Co.. 601-607
West Lake street: McGuire & Wolf. 1855:
L. Wolf Mfg. Co.. 1868.
1856— Marshall Field & Co.. dry goods. State
and Washington streets: Cooley, Wads-
worth & Co.. 1856: Cooley, Farwell &
Co.. 1857; Farwell. Field & Co., 1861:
Field, Palmer & Leiter. 1865: Field, Leiter
& Co.. 1867: Marshall Field & Co.. 1881.
Peterson nursery, 30 North LaSalle street.
Rand, McNally & Co.. maps, etc., 536-538
South Clark street: William H. Rand,
1856.
Tobey Furniture Co., The. Wabash avenue
and Washington street: Charles Tobey.
1856: Charles Tobey & Bro.. 1857:
Thayer & Tobey. 1870: The Tobey Furni-
ture Co.. 1875.
1857— The A. H. Andrews Co.. bank fixtures.
117 South Wabash avenue.
Baird & Warner, real estate. 29 S. LaSalle
street: O. L. Olmsted. 1857: Baird &
Bradley. 1864.
Barnard & Miller, law publishers. 172 North
LaSalle street.
Julius Bauer & Co.. pianos. 305 S. Wabash
avenue.
J. B. Chambers & Co., jewelers, 35 East Mad-
ison street.
Charles F. Elmes Engineering Works. Mor-
gan and Fulton streets: Elmes •& Son,
Columbian Iron Works. 1857: Columbian
Iron Works, 1878: Charles F. Elmes Engi-
neering Works, 1892.
Gage Bros. & Co.. wholesale millinery. 18-22
South Michigan avenue: Webster & Gage,
1857: Gage Bros. & Co., 1870; A. S.
Gage & Co., 1883.
W. W. Kimball & Co.. pianos and prgans.
Wabash avenue and Jackson boulevard.
Albert Pick & Co.. glassware. 208 West
Randolph street.
McVicker's theater. 25 West Madison street.
Merchants' Loan and Trust company, bank-
ers. Adams and Clark streets.
C. A. Taylor Trunk Works. 28 East Ran-
dolph street.
950
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
1858 — Edson Keith & Co., wholesale millinery,
24 South Michigan avenue; Keith &
Faxon, 1858; Keith. Faxon & Co., 1860:
Keith Bros.. 1865: Edson Keith & Co..
1884.
H. & A. Rietz Lumber Co.. 1803 North Cen-
tral Park avenue: Chas. Rietz & Co.,
1858: The Charles Rietz Bros. Lumber
Co.. 1876.
Windsor Clifton hotel. Monroe street and
Wabash avenue: Clilton house, 1858.
1859— Henry N. Birren. undertaker. 213 West
Division street.
James S. Kirk & Co., soap manufacturers,
320 East North Water street.
A. Plamondon Manufacturing Co., machinery,
12-24 North Clinton street.
Jacob Press Sons, wagons, 300 North Halsted
street: Kuhl & Press. 1859; Jacob Press,
1869.
Kogerson & Son. undertakers, 1502 West
Madison street.
1860 — Armour E.levator Co., grain elevator,
1220, 208 South LaSalle street: Armour,
Dole & Co.
Gale & Blocki, druggists. 15 East Monroe-st.
Rumsey & Co.. commission merchants, 141
West Jackson boulevard: Finley, Hoyt &
Co.. 1860: J. P. & J. W. Rumsey, 1865:
Rumsey, Williams & Co., 1873: Rumsey
& Walker, 1877: Rumsey & Bull, 1881:
Rumsey & Lightner, 1892: Rumsey & Co.,
1903.
1861 — The Franklin Co., engraving1 and elec-
trotyping. 720-734 South Dearborn street:
A. Zeese & Co.. 1861: A. Zeese Co.. 1882;
Franklin Engraving: and Electrotyping Co.,
1894.
Eathbone, Sard & Co., stoves, 1414 South
Wabash avenue.
Western News company, 25 East Austin ave-
nue: John R. Walsh.
1862— Bigelow Bros. & Walker, lumber, 309. 5
North LaSalle street: Bigelow Bros.. 1862.
W. D. Kerfoot & Co.. real estate. 58-60 West
. Washington street.
Spalding Lumber Co.. 208 S. LaSalle street.
Allen B. Wrisley Co., soap and perfume man-
ufacturers. 923 South Wells street: Wris-
ley Bros.. 1862; Allen B. Wrisley Co.,
1874.
1863 — First National bank. Dearborn and Mon-
roe streets.
The Bohner Manufacturing Co., glassware,
1009 South Wabash avenue: N. F. Merrill.
1863; Eaton. Maguire & Co.: Eaton &
Brown: Brown & Bohner. 1871: George
Bohner & Co.. 1875.
B. Kuppenheimer & Co.. wholesale clothing",
415 South Franklin street: Kohn. Clay-
burgh & Einstein, 1863: B. Kuppenheimer
& Co., 1876.
1864 — Belding Bros. & Co., silks. 201-203 West
Monroe street.
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., printers. 731
Plymouth court: Church, Goodman & Don-
nelley, 1864; R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co..
1879.
The N. K. Fairbank Co.. cooking fats, soaps,
etc.. Ill West Washington street: Fair-
bank, Peck & Co., 1864: N. K. Fairbank
& Co.. 1874.
Lyon & Healy, musical instruments, Wabash
avenue and Jackson boulevard.
Western Bank Note and Engraving- Co.. 118
East 20th street.
Union Stock Yard and Transit Co.. Halsted
and Root streets.
1865— Chicago Clearing House association, 50
South LaSalle street.
Chicago Stock Exchange, 209 South LaSalle
street.
1866 — Chicago Lumber and Coal Co.. 11 South
LaSalle street.
Chicago Varnish company. 2100 Elston-av.
Tarrant Foundry Co.. 363 West Grand-av.
Foley billiard hall. 425 South Wabash-av.
Manz Engraving Co., 4001 Ravenswood ave-
nue: Maas & Manz, 1866: J. Manz, 1870:
J. Manz & Co.. 1881.
Union Bag and Paper Co.. 3737 South Ash-
land avenue: Wheeler & Hinman. 1866:
Wheeler, Fisher & Co.. 1871: Union Bag
and Paper Co.. 1875.
1867— Carson. Pirie. Scott & Co., dry goods.
State and Madison streets; Carson, Pirie
& Co.. 1867.
George F. Cram, map publisher. Ill North
Market street.
Edward Kirchberg. jeweler. 104 North State
street.
John F. Higgins, printer. 176 Monroe street.
John M. Smyth Co.. furniture, 701 West Mad-
ison street.
1868— A. T. Willett Teaming Co.. 75 East
South Water street.
Critchell, Miller. Whitney & Barbour. insur-
ance. Insurance Exchange building.
Isaac W. Nichols, iewelry. 7 West Madison
street.
The Hibernian Banking association. 208 South
LaSalle street.
EXECUTIONS IN COOK COUNTY.
John Stone July 10, 1840
William Jackson June 19, 185T
Albert Staub April 20, 1858
Michael McNamee...May 6, 1859
Walter Fleming Dec. 15, 1866
Jerry Corbett Dec. 15. 1865
George Driver March 14, 1873
Chris Rafferty Feb. 27. 1874
George Sherry June 21, 1878
Jeremiah Connolly.. June 21, 1878
James Traccy Sept. 15, 1882
Isaac Jacobsen Sept. 19, 1884
Ignazio Sylvestri Nov. 14, 1885
Agostino Gilardo Nov. 14, 1885
Giovanni Azzaro Nov. 14, 1885
Frank Mulkowskl. March 26, 1886
Albert Parsons Nov. 11, 1887
August Spies Nov. 11, 1887
George Engel Nov. 11, 1887
Adolph Fischer Nov. 11, 1887
Zephyr Davis (col.).. May 12, 1888
George H. Painter.. Jan. 26, 1894
Thomas ("Buff") Higgins...
March 23, 1894
Patrick E. J. Prendergast...
July 13, 1894
Harry ("Butch") Lyons
Oct. 11. 1895
Henry Foster (col.).. Jan. 24, 1896
Alfred C.Fields(col.).May 15, 1896
Joseph Windratb — June 5, 1896
Julius Manow Oct. SO, 1896
Daniel McCarthy Feb. 19, 1897
John Lattimore (col.). May 28, 1897
Wm.T.Powers (col.). May 28, 1897
Chris Merry April 22, 1898
John Druggan Oct. 14, 1898
George H. Jacks.... Oct. 14, 1898
Robert Howard (col.). Feb. 17. 1899
August A. Becker. ..Nov. 10, 1899
Michael E.Rollinger.Nov. 17, 1899
George Dolinski Oct. 11, 1901
Louis G. Toombs....Aug. 8,1902
Louis Pesant April 15, 1904
Peter Niedemeyer.. April 22, 1904
Gusta v Marx April 22, 1904
Harvey Van Dine. ..April 22. 1904
Frank Lewandowski. Sept. 30, 1904
John Johnson Jan. 20, 1905
Robert E. Newcomb.Feb. 16, 1906
John Miller Feb. 16, 1906
Jqhann Hoch Feb. 23, 1906
Richard G. Ivens June 22, 1906
Daniel Francis(col.).Oct. 12, 1906
RichardWalton(col.).Dec. 13, 1907
Wm. Johnson (col).. Oct. 22, 1909
Ewald Shiblawski...Feb. 16, 1912
Frank Shiblawski...Feb. 16, 1912
Philip Sommerling..Feb. 16, 1912
Thomas Schultz Feb. 16, 1912
Thos. Jennings (col). Feb. 16, 1912
Roswell C. F. Smith.Feb. 13, 1915
Edward Wheed Feb. 15, 1918
Harry Lindrmn Feb. 15, 1918
John Anderson July 19, 1918
John Stone was executed pnbltcly on the pralrlp
on the south side. William' Jackson and Albert
Staub were also executed publicly, but on the
west side. After that executions were private
and took place in the courthouse until 1878. since
which time they have taken place In the county
jail on the north side. Rafferty was hanged In
Waukegan for murder in Chicago. All the execu-
tions have been on Fridays except those of Syl-
vestri, Gilardo, Azzaro, Zephyr Davis and Smith,
which occurred on Saturdays.
ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
951
TOINTS OF INTEREST IN AND ABOUT CHICAGO.
North Side.
Academy of Sciences museum in Lincoln park.
Cemeteries — Gracelaud. Host-hill. Calvary.
Fort Sheridan, near Highwood.
Grant, Lincoln. Schiller. Goethe and other monu-
ments in Lincoln park.
Historical society library and collection. Dear-
born avenue and Ontario street.
Indian trail tree, near Glencoe.
Kiiiy.it> home tablet. Pine and Kinzie streets.
Lake Shore drive.
Lincoln park conservatories and zoo.
Municipal pier, foot of Grand avenue.
Newberry library, Clark street and Walton place.
Northwestern university In Evanston.
Waterworks, Chicago avenue, near lake.
South Side.
Armour Institute of Technology, 3300 Federal
street.
Art institute galleries of paintings, sculptures
and art collections; on the lake front, foot of
Adams street.
Auditorium tower, Wabash avenue and Congress
street; view of city.
Blackstone branch library. Lake avenue and 49th
street.
Board of trade, LaSalle street and Jackson
boulevard: admission to gallery.
Cuhokia courthouse on Wooded island in Jackson
park.
Central Trust Company building, interior mural
decorations. 125 West Monroe street.
Chamber of Commerce building (interior), LaSalle
and Washington streets.
Chicago Normal school, 68th street and Stewart
avenue.
City hall, Washington, LaSalle and Randolph
streets.
Confederate monument in Oakwoods cemetery.
County building, Clark, Randolph and Washing-
ton streets.
Crerar library, 106 North Wabash avenue. 6th
floor.
Douglas monument, 35th street and Ellis avenue.
Drexel, Grand and 55th Street boulevards.
Field museum in Jackson park.
Fire tablet (1871), 137 DeKoven street.
Fort Dearborn site tablet, River street, opposite.
Rush street bridge.
Grand Army hall in public library building, Ran-
dolph street and Michigan avenue.
Great Lakes fountain, south end of Art Institute.
Iroquois theater fire, scene of, 28-30 West Ran-
dolph street; memorial tablet by Lorado Taft
in Iroquois Memorial hospital, 28 North Market
street.
Jackson park, site of World's Fair in 1893.
Life saving station at mouth of Chicago river.
Lincoln wigwam tablet, Market and Lake streets.
Logan statue in Grant park (lake front).
Marquette building sculpture panels. Dearborn
and Adams streets.
-Marquette-Joliet cross. Robey street and drain*
age canal.
Masonic Temple; view of city from roof.
Massacre monument in 18th street near the lake.
Midway plaisance.
McKinley statue in McKinley park.
Orchestra hall, 216-220 South Michigan avenue.
Postoffice, on square bounded by Adams, Clark
and Dearborn streets and Jackson boulevard.
Public library, Michigan arenue and Washington
street. v
Pullman suburb and manufactory.
Republic statue — Jackson park.
South Water street; commission house district.
State street department stores; shopping district.
Stockyards, Halsted and Root streets.
Tower building, Michigan • avenue and Madison
street.
University of Chicago quadrangles. Ellis avenue
and 58th street.
Washington statue. Grand boulevard and 51st
street.
Wendell Phillips high school. Prairie avenue
and 39th street.
Wooded island in Jackson park.
West Side.
Ashland, llumboldt, Washington and Garfleld
boulevards.
Northwestern railway passenger station. Canal
and West Madison streets.
Douglas park.
Drainage canal.
Garfield park.
Ghetto district on South Canal, Jefferson and
Maxwell streets; fish market on Jefferson
street from 12th to Maxwell.
Haymarket square, Randolph and Desplaines
streets; scene of anarchist riot.
Hall House, 800 South Halsted street.
Humboldt park.
llumboldt, Leif Ericson, Reuter and Kosciusko
monuments in Humboldt park.
Illinois Centennial Monument— Logan square.
Parental school, St. Louis and Berwyn avenues.
Police monument (Haymarket), in Union park.
CHICAGO'S BRIDGE SYSTEM.
The first ferry across the river was established
in 1829, where the Lake street bridge now is.
In 1833 a floating bridge of logs was in operation
just north of the present Randolph street bridge.
A foot bridge over the north branch was built
in 1832 at Kinzie street. The first drawbridge
over the main branch of the river was placed at
Dearborn street in 1834. In 1854 a pivot bridge
was built at Clark street. These and other
bridges of that time were built by the persons
most directly benefited by them. It was not
until 1857 that a bridge was built entirely at
the city's expense. This was the structure over
the south branch at Madison street. It cost
$30.000. Until 1872 the swing bridges were turned
by hand, but in the year named steam power
was installed on the Dearborn street structure
and later most of the other bridges in the
downtown section were similarly equipped. In
1895 the Rush, Lake and Van Buren street
bridges were operated by electric motors. The
last named structure, which was opened for traf-
fic in that year, was the first of the Scherzer
rolling type. The Halsted street lift bridge, the
first and only one of its kind, was opened in
1894 and was operated by steam. It cost the
city $242.880.
In 1918 Chicago had forty-four bridges with
movable spans and thirty with fixed spans.
There were also thirty-nine viaducts and eight
foot bridges. Most of the movable bridges are
operated by electricity. The bridges and via-
ducts had a value of more than $5,000,000.
CHICAGO HIGH SCHOOL COLORS.
Austin — Red and white.
Bowen, James H. — Purple and
gold.
Calumet — Maroon and light blue.
Carl "Schurz — Purple and gold.
Crane, Richard T.— Crimson and
royal blue.
Curtis, George W.— Red and
green.
Englewood— Purple and white.
Farragut — Rod and white.
Harrison Technical — Blue and
gray.
Hyde Park— Blue and white.
Jefferson— Purple and gold.
Lake — Old blue and gold.
Lake View— Red and white.
Lane Technical — Myrtle green
and old gold.
Marshall— Maroon and old gold.
McKinley— Orange and black.
Modill— Maroon and white.
Phillips, Wendell— Red and
black.
Senn— Green and white.
South Chicago— Purple and gold.
Tiilcy—Old gold and blue.
Waller, Robert A.— Royal !>lue
and yellow.
952
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO WEATHER.
[Compiled in Chicago office of the weather bureau.]
-Temperature — — v ,— - Precipitation-
Highest,
Lowest,
Weather
Meanfor Normal Inches Normal Clear Partly Cl'dy
Month. degrees. Date, degr's. Date. nio.,deg. degr's. per mo. inches, days, cl'dy. days.
1917— November 69 17 22 24 43.0 39.2 0.56 2.50 12 4 14
December 62 20—3 10
1918— January 35 25 —14 12
February 61 14 —10 4
March 74 21 18 10
April 76 16 29 9
May 89 31 36 1
June 93 11 61 23
July 93 21 53 1
August 102 6 69 31
September 82 1 40 20
October 80 6 37 31
COLDEST DAYS IN CHICAGO.
The cold spell ending Jan. 7. 1912, established
a record for duration of below zero weather in
Chicago — 72 hours. The maximum reached was 16
degrees below zero. The longest previous below
zero stretch was 71 hours, Jan. 21. 22 and 23,
1883, when the maximum reached was 17 degrees
below zero. Following are the coldest days offi-
cially recorded in Chicago:
Dec. 24, 1872 —23
Jan. 29. 1873 —16
Jan. 9. 1875 —20
Jan. 3. 1879 —18
Jan. 22. 1883 —17
Jan. 5. 1884 —18
Feb. 9. 1888 —18
Jan. 15. 1893 .—16
Jan. 25. 1897 ...—20
HOTTEST DAYS IN CHICAGO.
July 21, 1901, when tae temperature rose to 102.9
Feb. 9. 1899 —21
Jan. 25. 1904 —15
Feb. 13. 1905 —18
Jan. 7. 1912 —16
Jan. 28, 1915 — 8
Jan. 13. 1916 — 6
Feb. 2. 1917 —10
Jan. 12. 1918 —14
22.4 29.3 0.88 2.07 6 12 14
13.3 23.7 4.12 2.00 7 9 15
27.2 25.4 2.81 2.16 6 13 9
42.2 34.4 2.05 2.55 13 11 7
44.0 45.9 3.41 2.88 9 7 14
63.7 56.5 4.57 3.37 13 13 5
66.9 66.3 1.69 3.66 13 14 3
71.2 72.4 2.66 3.64 16 10 6
75.7 71.2 1.27 2.88 11 14 6
59.6 64.6 1.84 3.02 9 11 10
57.4 53.2 2.94 2.55 9 11 11
fire marshal appealed to the people to open
up the streets as much as possible and clear
the snow away from the fireplugs. President
Lucius Teter of the Association of Commerce
issued a similar appeal, and Sunday. Jan. 13.
was spent by many citizeua in the work of
clearing sidewalks and opening paths which
would make deliveries possible.
In Chicago seven deaths occurred which
were directly due to the blizzard. In some
cases persons were found frozen to death in
the streets. The cases of frozen ears, noses
and feet were innumerable. Many fatalities
were reported throughout the storm area, es-
pecially in the southwest, where the conditions
were even worse than in Chicago. Tempera-
tures ranging from zero to 22 below were re-
ported from the leading cities in the central
and mountain states. Among the places where
the cold was severest were Cincinnati, O.;
Detroit, Mich.; Peoria, 111.; Springfield, HI.;
degrees above zero, was the hottest day in the Bismarck N D • Charies Citv lo wa • Deviia
history of Chicago so far as the weather bureau Lake N D •' Dubuaue Iowa- keokuk* Iowa*
records go. The longest continuous hot wave S a r^iii's itfn • <*?m?*'ri?^ tnSa- M«nr£^V
in- r-.hipa.ro WPS from .iniv 1?. tn Jniv si isifi ?i: ">uis, MO bioux city, lowa, Moorhead.
in 'Chicago was from July 12 to July 31, 1916,
when the temperature ranged from 81 to 101.7.
The hottest days In each year since 1899 were:
Minn., and Miles City, Mont.
Sept. 5. 1899
98
Aug. 6. 1900 .-. 94
July 21. 1901 ..103
June 12. 1902 91
July 1-Aug. 24. 1903.. 92
July 17, 1904 94
July 18. 1905 95
June 28. 1906 93
AUK. 11-Sept. 1. 1907. 92
July ll-Aug. 3, 1908.. 96
AUK. 8, 1909 93
June 24. 1910 97
July 5, 1911 101.5
AUK. 31. 1912 95
June 30-July 29. 1913. 99
July 23, 1914 99
Sept. 14. 1915 90
July 30, 1916 101.7
July 30-31, 1917 98
Aug. 5. 1918 101.9
SEVERE BLIZZARD IN CHICAGO.
Chicago was visited by one of the severest
blizzards in the history of the city Friday
and Saturday, Jan. 11 and 12, 1918. The
storm, which was general from the Rocky
mountains on the west to the Alleghenies on
the east, came from the southwest. What
made it unusual was the fact that a tem-
perature reaching as low as 14 degrees be-
low zero in Chicago (Jan. 12) and still lower
in many places occurred at the same time
as a heavy fall of snow and a wind attaining
the proportions of a gale. Chicago has often
experienced deep enow, cold weather and
strong winds, but not often a combination
of the three conditions. It produced a gen-
uine blizzard, which blockaded nearly all the
railroads and local transportation lines with
the exception of the elevated railroads. For
two days the city was practically cut off
from the outside world, most of the railroad
lines not turning a wheel, and telegraph wires
being down in all directions.
There had been a heavy fall of snow with
a strong wind from the northeast on Sunday,
Jan. 6. and the city had just been able to
dig- itself out from the drifts when the new
storm came. This made the situation serious,
as the streets were blockaded to such an
extent that manv of them were imnassable,
making- deliveries of coal, milk and other ar-
ticles of necessity impossible for the time
being. The danger of fire was great and the
CHICAGO REAL F>
No. Consid-
Year sales, eration.
1899. 14.336 $108.210.111
1900. 14,356 87,917 998
1901. 15,871 100,664,279
1902. 18,063 111,441.112
1903. 19,880 107,680,304
1904. 24,450 102,870,570
1905. 28.940 139,601.896
1906. 31.562 141.342,020
1907. 26,380 131,982.81 i
1908. 29.321 133,325,630
TORRENS
Tran
Num- Oonsid-
Year. ber. eration.
1904 - 44K $1 142 410
TATE TRANSFERS.
No. Consid-
Year. sales, eration.
1909.. 32,821 $140,908,512
1910.. 30,058 155,464,768
1911.. 37.615 154.320,911
1912.. 45.743 113,693,768
1913.. 54,092 135.669,729
1914.. 55.834 118,920,581
1915.. 52,605 103,826,605
1916.. 55.431 117.971,786
1917.. 49.882 80.528,411
1918*. 37.216 52.008.870
SYSTEM.
sfers.
Num- Oonsid-
Year. ber. eration.
1912. . 9 7Sfi *4 4<U 9SA
1905.
74g i 254 04M
1913...
1914...
1915...
....3,397 5,393,548
....3,826 4,577,709
. . .4 277 5 338 501
1906.
988 i 607 189
1907.
976 1,267,406
1908.
1,006 1,683,337
1916...
5 089 5 474 78^
1909.
1910.
1911.
1908.
1,213 2.186.587
1,789 3.295,850
2.014 3.235,138
1917...
1918*..
*Fir
....4.795 4,664,772
....3.473 3.236.153
3t ten months.
STREET RAILWAY EARNINGS.
Gross Earnings.*
1909.
20 419 647 93
1915...
1916...
1917...
.... 32.001,278.51
31,695.637.67
, . . 34 796 684 60
1910.
1911.
22.832,882.64
25,155,629.89
1912.
28,743.167.24
1918...
35 114 896 38
1913.
30 299 172 55
Hzation
.481.16.
(55 P
1914...
of all companies
3«Jt.
$3,002.453.16
No
Feb.
1908.
1909.
TE— The total capita
1. 1918. was $153.505
City's Share
$1,564.618.47
.... 1 386 877.96
1915...
1916...
1917...
1918...
2,558,383.63
1.665.710.34
2.746,988.99
2.036,753.98
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913
1,276.252.65
1.705.550.30
1.870.908.00
5.529. 99!?. 2fi
Of net
receipts.
*Year ended Feb. 1. 1
' ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
953
THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO.
A museum of flue arta and school ol drawing, painting-, etc.
Michigan avenue and Adams street.
OFFICERS.
President— Charles L. Hutchinson.
Vice-Presidems — Martin A. Ryerson. Frank G.
L/ogan.
Treasurer — Ernest A. Hamill.
Executive Staff.
Director — George W. Eggers.
Secretary — William F. Tuttle.
Curator ol .Decorative Arvs — Bessie Bennett.
Curator ol Exhibitions — Charles H. Burkholder.
Curator ol Buckingnain Collection — Frederic
W. Gookin.
Assistant in Charge of Prints — Kathryn W.-
McGpvern.
Librarian — Sarah L. Mitchell.
Museum Instructor — Mrs. Herman J. Hall.
Head ol Extension Department — Ross Crane.
Manager Membership Department-rGuy U.
Young.
Registrar ol School — Henry J. Kendall.
Trustees, 1918 — Edward E. Ayer, Arthur T.
Aldis, Robert Aiierton, Adolphus C. Bartlett,
A. G. Becker, Edward B. Butler, Clyde M.
Carr, Wallace L. DeWolf, Henry H. Getty,
John J. Glessner, William €). Goodman, Frank
W. Gunsaulus, Charles L. Hutchinson, Frank
G. Logan, Cyrus McCormick, John J. Mit-
chell, Honore Palmer, Abram Poole, Martin
A. Ryerson, Howard Shaw, Charles H.
Thome. Ex officio, William Hale Thompson,
mayor; Eugene R. Pike, city comptroller;
John Barton Payne, president south park
commissioners: Albert Mohr, auditor south
park commissioners.
The Art Institute ol Chicago was incorporated
May 24, 1879, for the "founding and main-
tenance of schools of art and design, the for-
mation and exhibition of collections ol objects
of art and the cultivation and extension of
the arts of design by any appropriate means."
The museum building upon the lake front,
first occupied in 1893, has never been closed
for a day. It is open to the public every
•weekday from 9 to 5, Sundays from 12:15
to 9 p. m. Admission is free to members and
their families at all times, and free to all
upon Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays and
legal holidays. Upon other days the entrance
fee is 25 cents.
All friends of art are invited to become
members. Annual members pay a fee ol $10
a year. Life members pay $100 and are
thenceforth exempt from dues. Sustaining
members pay $25 or more a year. Governing
members are elected by the trustees and pay
$100 upon election and $25 a year there-
after. Upon the payment of $400 governing
members become governing lile members and
are thenceforth exempt from dues. All re-
ceipts from lile memberships are invested and
the income only expended. All members are
entitled, with their families and visiting
friends, to admission to all exhibitions, re
ceptions, public lectures and entertainments
given by the Art institute and to the use of
the Ryerson reference library of art. Visitors
desiring to see the collections under guidance
may make appointments with the museum
instructors at the office of the director.
MUSEUM.
The Art museum now ranks among the first
three in the country. It contains excellent
examples of the old masters and of the mod-
ern painters. There is also a large and com-
prehensive collection of sculptures, including
reproductions of the work oi the greatest
sculptors, ancient and modern. There is an
extensive collection of architectural casts.
Other fields of art are represented by collec-
tions of etchings, engravings, textiles, oriental
art, Egyptian and classical antiquities, etc.
There is a constant succession of passing ex-
hibitions, thirty-five or more in a year. All
students enjoy the full use of the collections
and the library. The number of visitors to
the museum during the year ended Dec. 31.
1917. was 851.330'.
SCHOOL.
The Art school of the Art institute, believed
to be the first in the United States to under-
go a complete reorganization to meet the new
opportunities which are unfolding as a result
of the war, carries on day and evening class-
es. There is a school for beginners, one lor
students in the various art prpfessions, in-
cluding painting, sculpture, designing, illus-
tration, and normal art instruction, and one
for advanced and highly trained students in
the arts of painting and sculpture. In addi-
tion to these there are a Saturday school for
young children and classes for city teachers,
and evening classes for those engaged in work
during the day.
The school is conducted with the most mod-
ern methods and has grown to be the most
comprehensive and proDably the largest fine
arts school in the United States. Distin-
guished teachers from a distance are called
in from time to time. Students may enter
at any time. The tuition rates are as fol-
lows:
Day School— Registration fee, $5; full time
for term of twelve weeks, $50; four weeks,
$20; four days a week, full term, $33; four
weeks, $14; three days a week, full term,
$30; four weeks, $12; two days a week, full
term, $24; four weeks, $9; one day a week,
full term, $18; four weeks, $7.
Half-Day Courses— Five half days a week,
$42 a term; four weeks, $18; four half days
a week, $37 a term; four weeks; $15; three
half days a week, $32 a term; four weeks,
$13; two half days a week, $24 a term; lour
weeks, $10; one half day a week, $18 a term;
four weeks, $7.
Evening Rates — Registration fee, $2; three
nights a week, $12.50 a term or $5 for four
weeks; two nights a week, $10 a term or $4
lor four weeks; one night a week, $7.50 a
term or $3 for four weeks.
Saturday Rates for Juvenile Class— Twelve
half days for $6.
Special Classes —
Pottery— Twelve half days $6.50
Leather— Twelve hall days 6.50
Bookbinding — Twelve hall days 6 00
Drawing— Twelve half days 6.00
Design— Twelve half days 6.00
Normal Classes— Twelve half days 6.00
SHERIFFS OF COOK
1871-1874— Timothy M. Bradley, Rep.
1874-1876— Francis Agnew. Peo.
1876-1878— Charles Kern, Dem.
1878-1880— John Hoffman. Rep.
1880-1882— O. L. Mann, Rep.
1882-1886*— Seth F. Hanchett, Rep.
1?86-1890— Canute R. Matson, Rep.
1890-1894— James H. Gilbert. Rep.
1894-1898— James Pease. t Rep.
COUNTY (1871-1980).
1898-1902— Ernest J. Magerstadt, Rep.
1902-1906— Thomas E. Barrett, Dem.
1906-1910— Christopher Strassbeim, Rep.
1910-1914— Michael Zlmmer, Dem.
1914-1918— John E. Traeger, Dem.
1918-1922— Charles W. Peters'. Rep.
*Term changed from two to four years. fAlso
appointed to serve nnexpired term of Thomas E.
Barrett, who died In March, 1906.
951
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
FOREIGN ORDERS CONFERRED ON CHICAGOANS.
Abrahamson, Rev. L. G.— Royal North Star,
Sweden.
Adams, Mil ward— Legion of Honor, France; Leo-
pold, Belgium; Crown, Italy; White Elephant
(officer), Siam; Savior (officer), Greece; Me ham
Iftikhar (commander), Tunis; Merit Agricole
(commander), Portugal.
Andreen, Rev. Gustav — Royal North Star, Swe-
den.
Antonsen, Carl— Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Birkhoff, George, Jr.— Orange-Nassau (officer),
Holland.
Bjorn, Emil— St. Olaf. Norway.
Burry, William— Legion of Honor, France.
Burton, Le Grand S.— Legion of Honor (cheva-
lier), France.
Chattteld-Taylor. Hobart C.— Isabella the Cath-
olic, Spain; Garter, Spain; St. James, Portu-
gal; Legion of Honor, France: Crown of
Italy and Knighthood of SS. Maurice and
Lazarus, Italy.
Cooley, Edwin G.— Francis Joseph, Austria.
Cuneo, Frank— Grown (chevalier), Italy.
Cutting. Starr W.— Crown (class III.). Prussia.
Dan, Rev. Adam — Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Daae, Dr. A.— St. Olaf, Norway.
Deerintr, Charlen — Legion of Honor, France;
Crown (class III.). Prussia.
Devrles, Herman — Officer of Academy and Officer
of Public Instruction. France ; Nicham Iftikhar
(officer). Turn:.
D'Urso, Luigi— Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Eddy, Arthur I.— Red Eagle (class III.), Prussia.
Erlcson, John E. — Royal Order of Vasa, Sweden.
Fischer. Gustave F. — Red Eagle (class IV.),
Prussia.
Forgan, James B.— Order of St. Sava. Serbia.
Frantzen, Fritz — Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Furber, Harry J.— Legion of Honor. France.
Guenzel, Louis— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Gass, Martin— Lion -of Zaeringen. Baden.
Grevstad, Nicolay — St. Olaf, Norway.
Hachmeister, Henry— Red Eagle (class IT.),
Prussia.
Halle. Edward G.— Crown (class II.), Prussia.
Hanson, Christian H. — Dannebrog (knight), Den-
mark.
Heniu», Dr. Max— Dannebrog (commander), Den-
mark.
Henrotin, Mrs. Ellen M.— Leopold, Belgium;
Palmes Academiques, France; Officer of Public
Instruction, France; Chefakat (Order of Mer-
cy), Turkey.
Hertz, Henry— Dannebrog (knight), Denmark.
Henschen, Henry S.— Royal Order of Vasa. Swe-
den.
Hutchinson, Charles L. — Redeemer, Greece.
Judson. Prof. Harry Pratt— Red Eagle (class
III.), Prussia; 'Legion of Honor (officer), France.
Klein. Dr. S. R.— "Goldenes Verdienst Kreuz
mit der Krone." "Militaer Kreuz" and "Ju-
bilaeum's Medallie," Austria; Takova Orden
(class IV.), Serbia.
Klenze, Prof. Camillo von— Red Eagle (class IV.).
Prussia.
Kozminski, M. W.— Legion of Honor, France.
Kraus, Adolf— Francis Joseph, Austria.
Lagorio. Dr. Antonio— Crown (knight). Italy.
Lindgren, John R.— Royal Order of Vasa. Swe-
den.
Laverde, Giuseppe— Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Mareschalchi, Arturo— Crown (chevalier), Italy.
Miller, Harry I.— Order of the Sacred Treasure,
Japan.
McCormick. R. S.— Order of St. Alexander of
Nevsky, Russia.
McCormick. Mrs. R. S.— Chefakat (Order of Mer-
cy), Turkey.
McEwen, Walter — Legion of Honor, France.
Nelson, H. P.— St. Olaf, Norway.
Nelson, N. A. — Royal Order of Vasa, Sweden.
Onahan, William J. — Chamberlain of the Sword
and Mantle, pope.
Peterson, W. A.— Royal Order of Vasa, Sweden.
Reichle, C. — Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Revell. Alexander H. — Legion of Honor (cheva-
lier), France.
Rubens. Harry— Crown (class III.), Prussia.
Schinkel, C.— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Schlenker, Joseph— Frederick (class II.), Wuert-
temberg; Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Schmidt, William— Crown (class IV.), Prussia.
Skiff, Frederick J. V. — Sanctified Treasure (class
II.), Japan; Legion of Honor (commander),
France; Crown, Italy; Leopold, Belgium.
Smulski, John F.— Cross of Knightly Order of
Francis Joseph, Austria.
Starr. Prof. Frederick— Leopold II. (commander),
Belgium; Knight Commander, Liberia.
Tree. Lambert— Leopold (commander), Belgium.
Urbano, Salvatore — Crown (chevalier). Italy.
Urgos, Francesco — Crown (chevalier), Italy.
VoUni, Dr. Camillo— Crown (knight). Italy.
Ziegfeld, Carl— Officer of French Acadomv of
Public Instruction and Fine Arts, France.
Ziegfeld, Dr. F,— Legion of Honor (chevalier).
France.
ELEVATION OF CHICAGO AND LAKE MICHIGAN.
Mean sea level or mean tide ftt New York is
the standard plane to which all elevations in the
United States are referred, and the figures here
fiven are heights above that plane. They are
rom the official records of the United States
lake survey which have been maintained since
1860. The monthly mean surface of Lake Mich-
igan has varied from 583.57 in June, 1886, to
578.98 in December, 1895. The annual mean sur-
face has varied from 582.96 in 1886 to 579.47 in
1896.
The actual fluctuations in water, surface from
which these means are obtained have a much
larger range and the immediate change in a
few hours is often as^great as two feet. The
mean level of Lake Michigan from 1860 to 1914
(the average of all monthly means) was 581.20,
and for the period from 1860 to 1875 it was 581.63,
indicating that the mean level remains about
the same, although the daily, monthly and an-
BEEF AND PORK PACKING IN CHICAGO.
Years ended March 1.
Tears.
1902-3..
1903-4..
1904-5..
1905-6..
1906-7..
No. cattle.
.2,017,563
.2.163,976
.1,918.665
.1,988,955
.1,988,504
No. hoes.
6,860,453
6.713,086
5.990.430
6.138.063
6,027.433
Years. No. cattle. No. hogrs.
1907-8... 1.817,737 6.205,410
1908-9... 1,637,295 6,263.606
1909-10.. 1,698.921 5.133,578
1910-11:. 1.735. 189 4.820.899
1911-12.. 1.733.188 6.294.251
Years.
1912-13.
1913-14.
1914-15.
1915-16.
1916-17.
nual fluctuations may be quite large. The high-
est known monthly mean was In 1838 — 584.7 — and
the lowest was in 1819 — 578.0 — these being some-
what indeterminate. The United States lake sur-
vey has adopted as a standard low water for
reference of soundings on its charts 578.5, a little
higher than the lowest ever known' as a monthly
mean.
The Chicago city datum is 579.94 and this
plane is used in most local works, including the
harbor improvements made by the -United States.
This is about one foot above the lowest monthly
mean of recent years and 1.26 feet below the
mean level 1860-1914.
For general purposes the level of Lake Mich-
igan should be taken as being somewhere between
581 and 582 feet. The heights of land in Chi-
cago vary from 590 to 652 (Galewood) but the
average may bo placed at about 600 feet. The
downtown section runs from 586 to 593 feet.
No. cattle. No. hog's.
.1.639.364 7.816,625
.1,520,440 6.154,932
.1.442,870 6.079.473
.1.962.048 7.256.936
.2.073,553 7.757.726
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
955
CHICAGO MORTALITY STATISTICS.
[From reports ol health, department.]
Popu-
Doaths in
1,1X10 of
Popu-
Deaths ID
l.UOO of
Year.
lation.
Deaths^
>upulation
Year.
lation.
Deaths.p
opulation
1844..
10,170
336
33.04
1870.
306.605
7,323
23.88
1845..
12,088
344
28.46
1871.
324,270
6,976
20.87
1846..
14.169
394
27.81
1872.
367,396
10,156
27.64
1847..
16,859
572
33.93
1873.
380,000
9,057
25.15
1848..
20,023
638
31.86
1874.
395,408
8.025
20.30
1849..
23,047
1.701
73.80
1875.
400,500
7,899
19.72
1850..
29.963
1,467
48.96
1876.
407.601
8,573
21.03
1851..
34,000
927
27.26
1877.
430,000
8,026
18.67
1852..
38.734
1.809
46.70
1878.
436.731
7,422
16.99
1853..
59,130
1.325
22.41
1879.
491,516
8,614
17.53
1854..
65,872
4,217
64.02
1880.
503.185
10,462
20.79
1855..
80,023
2,181
27.26
1881.
540.000
14,101
26.11
1856..
84,113
2.086
24.80
1882.
560.693
13,234
23.60
1857..
87,600
2.414
27.56
1883.
580.000
11,555
19.92
1858..
90.000
2.255
25.06
1884.
629.885
12.471
19.80
1859..
93,000
2,008
21.59
1885.
665.000
12.474
18.76
I860..
109.206
2,264
20.73
1886.
703.715
13,699
19.47
1861..
120,000
2.279
18.99
1887.
760,000
15.409
20.27
1862..
138,186
2.835
20.52
1888.
802.651
15,772
19.65
1863..
150,000
3.875
25.83
1889.
935,000
16,946
18.12
1864..
169,353
4.448
26.26
1890.
1,099,850
21.856
19.87
1865..
178,493
4,029
22.57
1891.
1.148,795
27,754
24.16
1866..
200.418
6.524
32.55
1892.
1,199.730
26.219
21.85
1867..
225.000
4,773
21.21
1893.
1,253,022
27,083
21.61
1868..
252,054
5.984
23.74
1894.
1,308,682
23,892
18.26
1869..
280.000
6,488
23.17
Year.
Popu-
lation.
Deaths, populate
Under 1 year 6,665
1 to 2 years 1,964
2 to 5 years 2,100
6 to 10 years 1,244
Typhoid fever 43
Smallpox 2
Measles 245
Chickenpox 10
Scarlet fever 624
Whooping- cough 218
Diphtheria 1.216
STATISTICS FOB 1917.
Deaths by Ages.
10 to 20 years 1.342
20 to 30 years 3,137
30 to 40 years 3,799
40 to 50 years 4.307
By Important Causes.
Diphtheria carriers 0
Influenza 201
Mumps 1
Rabies 2
Tetanus 23
Pellagra 6
Tuberculosis (all forms) .3,787
i ear. utuuii. .ueains. population
1895.. 1,366,813 24,219 17.72
1896.. 1,427,527 23,257 16.29
1897.. 1,490,937 21,809 14.63
1898.. 1,557,164 22,793 14.64
1899.. 1,626,333 25,503 15.68
1900.. 1,698,575 24,941 14.68
1901.. 1.751, 968 24,406 13.93
1902.. 1,801, 255 26,455 14.69
1903.. 1.850.542 28,914 15.62
1904.. 1.899,829 26.311 13.85
1905.. 1.949,116 27,212 13.96
1906.. 1,998,403 29.048 14.54
1907.. 2.047.690 32,198 15.72
1908.. 2,096. 977 30,388 14.49
1909.. 2,146,264 31.296 14.58
1910.. 2,195. 551 33,241 15.14
1911.. 2.244,835 32,672 14.55
1912.. 2.294,120 33.998 14.68
1913.. 2.344,018 35,298 15.06
1914.. 2,393,325 33.952 14.19
1915.. 2.447.845 34.894 14.25
1916.. 2,497,722 36.410 14.53
1917.. 2.547.201 38.055 14.90
Note — The population is for
midyear.
50 to 60 years 4,812
60 to 70 years 4,251
70 to 80 years 2,980
Over 80 years 1,454
Cerebrpspinal fever 198
Infantile paralysis 187
Pneumonia (all forms) . .5,018
Diarrhea and enteritis.
under 2 years 2,889
Congenital debility and
malformations 2,246
PRINCIPAL HOTELS IN CHICAGO.
Arlington 839 North Dearborn street
Auditorium 430 South Michigan avenue
Blackstone 636 South Michigan avenue
Briggs house 188 West Randolph street
Chicago Beach 51st street and Cornell avenue
Congress hotel 520 South Michigan avenue
Commercial hotel 538 South Wabash avenue
Continental 5 South Wabash avenue
De Jonghe's 12 East Monroe street
Drexel Arms 39th street and Drexel boulevard
Edgewater Beach 5349 Sheridan road
Fort Dearborn 125 West Van Buren street
Gladstone 626", street and Kenwood avenue
Grand Pacific 232 South Clark street
Great Northern 237 South Dearborn street
Hotel Atlantic 324 South Clark street
Hotel Brevoort 120 West Madison street
Hotel Del Prado.59th street and Dorchester avenue
Hotel Grace 75 West Jackson bonlovtird
Hotel Grant ,...6 North Dearborn street
Hotel Mayer 1154 South Wabasb avenue
Hotel Luzerne N. Clark and Center streets
Hotel Metropole..23d street and Michigan avenue
Hotel Morrison 83 West Madison street
Hotel Randolph 177 West Randolph street
Hotel Sherman 106 West Randolph street
Hotel Windermere..56th street and Cornell avenue
Hyde Park 51st street and Lake Park avenue
Jackson Halsted street and Jackson boulevard
Lakota 30th street and Michigan avenue
LaSalle 10 North LaSalle street
Lexington Michigan avenue and 22d street
Lombard hotel 231 5th avenue
Majestic 29 Quincy street
New Hotel Gault.... Madison and Market streets
Palmer house 115 South State street
Planters 17 North Clark street
Plaza North Clark street and North avenue
Revere house. N.Clark street and W.Austin avenue
Saratoga 29 South Dearborn street
Stratford 75 East Jackson boulevard
Union hotel 72 West Randolph street
Victoria 332 South Clark street
Virginia , Ohio and Rush streets
Windsor- Clifton 28 East Monroe street
Y. M. C. A 818-828 Wabash avenue
ILLINOIS SCHOOL STATISTICS (1917).
Minors of school age
Boys ,
Girls
Enrollment
Boys
Girls
Days attendance 155,250.044
Average daily attendance
Average cost per pupil
Number of teachers
Men
Women .*....
Average salary
1 717 599
$899.53
860 823
$739.66
856 776
11.942
1 094 768
13,740
552 602
1.174,785
542 166
10,973
5 250 044
Volumes in libraries
1,702,582
976 416
$145,742,380
$47 40
849.869,918
34 214
851
6 245
6.150
27 9fi9
217.204
»7fi8 84
...864,451,372.93
956
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
STATUE OF THE REPUBLIC IN JACKSON PARK.
On Saturday afternoon. May 11, 1918, there
was unveiled in Jackson park, Chicago, a
bronze reproduction of
the statue of the Repub-
lic which, at the time
of the World's Fair
in 1893, stood at the
east end of what was
known as the Court
of Honor. Former
Governor Edward F.
Dunne was the orator
of the day and Harlow
N. Higinbotham, pres-
ident of the World's
Columbian Exposition,
made the presentation
speech. The unveiling
Wits done by Misses
Florence Crane and
Priscilla Higinbotham.
granddaughters of Mr.
Higinbotham. Charles
L. Hutchinson accepted
the monument on the
part of the south park
commissioners and Miss
Harriet Monroe read
several stanzas from
her "Ode on the World's
nwDrrRTTn crpATTTT? Columbian Exposition."
REPUBLIC STATUE. written for tne dedica-
tion ceremonies when the fair was opened.
The reproduction of the striking monument
was made possible by the action taken in
1915 by nine of the original directors of the
exposition. They voted to dissolve the cor-
poration and to contribute the remaining
assets, amounting to $47,000. toward a fund
lor the making of a duplicate in bronze of
the statue by Daniel Chester French, the
sculptor who designed the original. The fund,
which represented unclaimed dividends with
interest, was turned over to the Art institute
to be administered under the terms of the Fer-
guson fund, created by the will of Benjamin
F. Ferguson for the erection of statues and
memorials in suitable localities in Chicago.
The cost of the work in position was more
than $50,000.
The statue stands on the site of the admin-
istration building, which, at the time of the
World's Fair, faced the Court of Honor on
the west. The pedestal is a large block of
granite carved according to designs by Henry
Bacon of New York.
LIST OF MONUMENTS IN CHICAGO AND
SUBURBS.
Name, location and date of dedication or
completion of each.
Alarm, The — Lincoln park; May 17, 1884.
Altgeld— Lincoln pnrk, Sept. 6, 1915.
Anarchists'— Waldhelm cemetery: June 25, 1893.
Andersen. Hans Christian— Lincoln park: Sept.
26, 1896.
Armstrong, George B.— Postoffice, north entrance;
May 19, 1881.
Beethoven— Lincoln park; June 19. 1897.
Bohemian Soldiers and Sailors — Bohemian Na-
tional cemetery; May 29, 1892.
Burns. Robert— Garfleld park; Aug. 25, 1906.
Columbia Post No. 706, G. A. R.— Forest Home
cemetery; June 8, 1913.
Confederate Soldiers — Oakwoods cemetery; July
23 1893
Douglas— Foot of 35th street; corner stone laid
Sept, 6. 1866; dedication June 3, 1868.
Drake Fountain— Exchange avenue and 92d street.
South Chicago: dedicated Oct. 11. 1908; pre-
seuted to city Dec. 26. 1892, and first stood
on Washington street in front of courthouse.
Drexel Fountain ana Statue — Drexel boulevard
and 5lst street; completed in June, 1883; no
formal dedication.
Ericson, Leif— Humboldt park; Oct. 12, 1901.
Ferguson Fountain of the Great Lakes— On
south terrace of Art institute; Sept. 9, 1913.
Finerty, John F.— Garfleld park ; Oct. 11, 1914.
Fire (1871) Tablet— 137 DeKoven street: 1881.
Fort Dearborn Massacre— Calumet avenue and
18th street; June 22, 1893.
Fort Dearborn Tablet— River street and Michi-
gan avenue; unveiled May 21. 1881.
Franklin — Lincoln park; June 6, 1896.
Garibaldi— Lincoln park: Oct. 12. 1901.
Goethe — Lincoln park: June 13. 1914.
Grand Army 50th Anniversary Bronze Tablet—
Garfleld park; May 6, 1916.
Grant— Lincoln park; Oct. 7, 1891.
Grant Post No. 28, G. A. R.— Elmwood ceme-
tery; June 28, 1903.
Hamilton— Grant park; Sept. 28, 1918.
Harrison, Carter H.— Union park: June 29, 1907.
Havlicek. Karel— Douglas park; July 30, 1911.
Haymarket— Union park; May 30, 1889.
Humboldt— Humboldt Dark; Oct. 16. 1892.
Illinois Centennial— Logan square ; Oct. 13, 1918.
Indian Trail Tree Tablet— Glencoe; Nov. 7, 1911.
Iroquois Theater Fire Tablet— In hospital, 28
North Market street: Dec. 30. 1911.
Kennison — Lincoln park; Dec. 19, 1903.
Kinzie Tablet— Pine and Klnzie streets; July
11'. 1913.
Kosciusko — Humboldt park; Sept. 11. 1904.
LaSalle— Lincoln park; Oct. 12, 1889.
Lincoln— Lincoln Dark; Oct. 22. 1887.
Lincoln Memorial Bronze Bust — In front of Ex-
change building, Union stockyards; Feb. 12,
1916.
Lincoln Post No. 91, G. A. R.— Oakwoods ceme-
tery; June 14, 1905.
Lincoln Wigwam Tablet — Market and Lake
streets; unveiled May 11, 1910.
Linne — Lincoln park: May 23, 1891.
Logan — Grant park; July 22. 1897.
Logan Post No. 540. G. A. R. — Rosehill ceme-
tery: June 1. 1900.
Marquette-Joliet— South Robey street and river;
cross dedicated Sept. 23. 1907; tablet. May
6, 1909.
Mizenberg, S.— Waldheim cemetery, Sept. 24, 1916.
Mulligan— Calvary cemetery: May 30, 1885.
McKinley— McKinley park; July 4, 1905.
Press Club — Mount Hope cemetery; Nov. 12, 1893.
Re«se, Michael — 29th street and Groveland ave-
nue; completed spring of 1893.
.Republic, Statue of the — Jackson park; May 11.
1918.
Reuter— Humboldt park; May 14, 1893.
Rosenberg Fountain— Park . row and Michigan
avenue. Accepted by city Oct. 16. 1893.
Schiller— Lincoln park; May 15. 1886.
Shakespeare— Lincoln park: April 23. 1894.
Signal of Peace. The — Lincoln park; June 9,
1894.
Sweeney Post No. 275, G. A. R. — Evergreen
cemetery, Barrington; Sept. 9, 1906.
Thomas Post No. 5, G. A. R.— Rosehill cemetery:
Feb. 22, 1895.
Victoria— Garflelcf park; Oct. 16, 1893.
War of 1812 Tablet— In G. A. R. hall, Public
Library building.
Washington— Grand boulevard and 51st street:
completed June 6, 1904; no formal nn veiling.
Washington Post No. 94. G. A. R.— Elmwood
cemetery: Aug. 22, 1909.
Willich Post No. 780, G. A. R.— Town of Maine
cemetery: Oct. 13, 1901.
DEATH RATES IN ILLINOIS CITIES.
Per 1,000 population. [U. S. census bureau report.]
City.
Aurora . ,
Belleville
Decatur ,
Evanston
1916.
. . .13.8
.. .14.8
. . .12.8
. . .12.8
1914.
14.1
14.4
12.3
11.0
1913.
14.2
15.4
13.0
10.2
13.1
12.2
11.5
City.
Jacksonville
1916.
.35.2
Quincy 16.6
Springfield ...16.0
1914.
28.6
14.8
15.6
1913. 1912.
25.5 23.9
15.7 14.6
17.6 15.8
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
951
POLITICAL, ASSOCIATIONS IN CHICAGO.
Chicago Equal Suffrage Association — President.
Mrs. James W. Morrisson: corresponding sec-
retary, Mrs. Charles W. Dempster; treasurer.
Miss Mildred McCormick.
Chicago Civil Service League, room 614 Reap-
er block, 105 North Clark street — President,
Edward M. McNamara; secretary, James M.
Grimm.
Chicago Political Equality League, room 1102,
17 North State street— President, Mrs. Lula
Smart Schweizer; corresponding secretary,
Mrs. Florence V. Gray.
Chicago Single Tax Club, 127 North Dearborn
street— President, Otto Cullman.
Citizens' Association of Chicago (nonpartisan),
room 1417, 11 South LaSalle street— Presi-
dent Moses E. Greenebaum; secretary, Shelby
M. Singleton.
City Club, 315 Plymouth court— President,
George H. Mead: treasurer. Roy C. Osgood;
secretary, Charles Yeomans; civic secretary,
George E. Hooker.
Civic Federation (nonpartisan) , room 1009.
108 South LaSalle street — President, Joseph
E. Otis; secretary, Douglas Sutherland.
Civil Service Reform Association of Chicago,
35 North Dearborn street — President, Russell
Whitman; secretary, R. E. Blackwood.
Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, room 603
Tower building— President, Mrs. Grace Wil-
bur Trout, Oak Park; corresponding secre-
tary, Mrs. Edward S. Stewart, Chicago.
Municipal Voters' League (nonpartisan),
room 806. 109 North Dearborn street— Presi-
dent, Samuel Adams; secretary, Joseph
Cummins: treasurer, Edward E. Brown.
United Societies for Local Self-Government,
202, 153 North Dearborn street— President,
John Koelling: secretary, A. J. Cermak.
Locations and secretaries of semipolitical
social clubs like the Hamilton (rep.) and the
Iroquois (dem.) will be found under "Chicago
Clubs and Clubhouses."
GEO. H. BURR & CO.
BANKERS
COMMERCIAL PAPER INVESTMENT SECURITIES
209 S. LA SALLE ST., CHICAGO
NEW YORK BOSTON ST. LOUIS PHILADELPHIA
HARTFORD SEATTLE SAN FRANCISCO
CLEVELAND PORTLAND
ALFRED L. BAKER & CO.
STOCKS— BONDS— GRAIN
MEMBERS
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE
141 S. LA SALLE STREET
CLEMENT, CURTIS & CO.
Stocks, Bonds, Grain, Cotton
Members of All Exchanges. Private Wires to Principal Cities.
211 S. LA SALLE ST., ROOKERY BLDQ., CHICAGO
TELEPHONE: WABASH 600.
958
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO'S L
ARRIVALS AND CLEAI
/ Arrivals. ^ , Clearances. ^
Year. No. Tons. No. Tons.
1870. .12,739 3,049,265 12,433 2,983,942
1871. .12,320 3,096,101 12,312 3,082,235
1872. .12,824 3,059,752 12,531 3,017.790
1873. .11,858 3,225,911 11,876 3,338.803
1874. .10,827 3,195,633 10,720 3,134,078
1875. .10.488 3,122,004 10,607 3,157,051
1876. . 9.621 3,089,072 9,628 3.078,264
1877. .10.233 3,274,332 10.284 3.311,083
1878. .10,490 3,608,534 10,494 3.631,139
1879. .11.859 3,887.095 12,014 3,870,300
1880. .13,218 4,616,969 13,302 4,537.382
1881. .13,048 4,533,558 12,957 4,228,689
1882. .13,351 4,849,950 .13,626 4,904,999
1883. .11,967 3,812,464 12.015 3,980,873
1884. .11,354 3,756,973 11,472 3,751,723
1885. .10.744 3.653,936 10,798 3,652,286
1886. .11,157 3,926,318 11,215 3,950,762
1887. .11,950 4,328.292 12,023 4.421,560
1888. .10,989 4,393,768 11,106 4,496,898
1889. .10,804 5,102,790 10,984 5,155,041
1890. .10.507 5,138,253 10.547 5.150,665
1891. .10,224 5,524.852 10.294 5.506.700
1892. .10.556 5,966.626 10,567 5.698,337
1893. . 8.754 5.456,637 8.789 5,449.470
1894. . 8,259 5,181.260 8,329 5.211,160
1895. . 9,212 6.329.702 9,363 6,392,497
1896. . 8.663 6.481,152 8.773 6,591,203
1897. . 9.156 7,209,442 9,201 7,185,324
1898. . 9,428 7,557,215 9.562 7,686.448
1899. . 8,346 6,353.715 8,429 6,390,260
1900. . 8.714 7.044.995 8.839 7,141,105
1901. . 8,430 6.900.999 8,471 6.930.883
1902. . 8,083 7,179,053 8,164 7,229,342
1903. . 7,650 7,587,410 7,721 7,720.225
1904. . 6.631 6,430,088 6,671 6,514.934
1905. . 7,236 7,364,192 7,268 7,375,963
1906. . 7.017 7.969,621 7.055 7.665.709
1907. . 6.745 8.057.062 6.736 7,995.211
1908. . 5,787 7.241.845 5,805 7,296.745
1909. . 6,390 8.772,667 6,390 8.785,841
1910. . 6.523 9.430.074 6.551 9.470,572
1911. . 6,252 8.787,586 6.284 8.859.007
1912. . 6.240 9,971,738 6,243 10.086,209
\KE TRADE.
SANCES OF VESSELS.*
, Arrivals. ^ , — Clearances. — .
Year. No. Tons. No. Tons.
1913. .. 6,532 10,774,133 6,505 10,793.000
1914. .. 6,118 9,781,986 6,132 9,794,928
1915. .. 5,767 10,132,476 5.808 10,307,777
1916. .. 5,772 11,379,968 5.774 11,369,599
1917. .. 5,078 10.835,925 5,130 10,948,048
•Comprises Chicago. Michigan City, Wauke-
gan. Gary and Indiana Harbor.
RECEIPTS BY LAKE IN 1917.
Coal hard, tons 645,465
Coal, soft, tons 800,577
Salt, tons 104,675
Iron ore, tons* 7,227,770
Iron, manufactured, tons 833
Lumber. M 87.886
Railroad ties, pieces 49,635
Sugar tons 13,830
Wheat bushels 349,390
Flaxseed bushels 546.601
•Exclusive of 3,801,585 tons received at
Gary, Ind.. and 910,876 tons received at In-
diana Harbor, Ind.
SHIPMENTS BY LAKE IN 1916.
Flour, tons 44.508
Wheat, bushels 2.899.408
Corn, bushels 2,277.523
Oats, bushels 5,340,817
Millstuffs, tons 16,863
Oil cake, tons 1,661
Pork, barrels 200
TONNAGE OF THE CHICAGO DISTRICT
(1917).
/ Arrivals. , , — Clearances. — >
Port. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
Chicago ...4,242 7.633,4764,297 7,772.907
Mich. City. 23 5.758 24 6.214
Waukegan. 48 81.949 48 81,895
Gary 524 2,205,276 523 2,198,878
Ind. Harbor 241 909.466 238 888.154
Total ...5.078 10.835.925 5,130 10.948.048
Article.
Pork, brls
CHICAGO RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS (1912-1917).
[From board of trade reports.]
RECEIPTS.
1912 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917.
9.737 2,989 18,571 15,401 4,875 7,223
153.990.300 112.942,000 236,531,000 172,990,000 228,229,000 334,693.000
61,228,100 58,399,000 64,384,000 106,780,000 120,915,000 108,460,000
287,798.800 286,220,000 311,557,000 344.879,000 359,195,000 323.100.000
55,778.600 44.636.000 70,182,000 80,327,000 118,390,000 77,594,000
149.058.500 106,662,060 124.357.000 115,734,000 150,262,000 152,603,000
2,298,500 2,801.000 1,148.000 1,292,000 1,225,000 1,222.000
44,120,000 56,807,009 74,191,000 73,071,000 74,435,000 80,147,000
2,008.694 2.204,594 2,144,113 1,814,920 1,561,212 1,509,083
2.693,305 2,804,430 2,215,696 2,379,729 3.017,240 3,354,117
7,070,898 10.268,000 9,709,000 9.063,000 9.353,000 9,678.000
35,914.000 50.372,000 99,290;000 70,704,000 74,944,000 31.751,000
112.690,000 127,773,000 106,600,000 95,357.000 102,376.000 70,854,000
118,491,300 124,405,000 138.400,000 133,475,000 161,244,000 125,910,000
SHIPMENTS.
138,752 144.014 176.821 222,049 198,930 147.620
566,627.100 614.048,000 650,510.000 870,314.000 904,791,000 875,646.000
252,176,100 273,725,000 302,500.000 325,641,000 366,813.000 262,849,000
271.109,500 274.542,000 295,784,000 333.993,000 347,550,000 315,384.000
98.691.600 100.031,000 102,781,000 107,710,000 130,964,000 112,563,000
162,800,300 165.565.000 173.946,000 189,976.000 246.924.000 233.368,000
409,100 138,000 31,000 33.000 27.000 42.000
59,513,500 61,014,000 60,405,000 54,203,000 63,946,000 59.079.000
671.830 714,254 808.112 813.034 1.052,479 .941,056
1.002.373 954.159 1,019,066 1.133.417 3,393,022 1,518,866
6,268,876 6,190.000 7.443.000 7,674.000 8.332,000 8,383,000
35,726.100 45.999.000 85.468,000 55,576,000 61.187,000 24,047.000
73,739,100 92.530.000 65,259,000 73,667.000 61,782,000 36,006.000
102.077.000 98.377.000 122.756,000 122.469,000 116,875,000 101,078,000
Other meats, Ibs.
Lard, Ibs
Butter, Ibs
Wool, Ibs
Hides, Ibs
Flaxseed, bu
Grass seed. Ibs. .
Salt, brls
Lumber.l.OOOft.
Flour, brls
Wheat, bu
Corn, bu
Oats, bu
Pork, brls
Other meats, Ibs.
Lard Ibs
Butter. Ibs
Wool. Ibs
Hides, Ibs
Flaxseed, bu....
Grass seed, Ibs..
Salt, brls
Lumber.l.OOOft.
Flour, brls
Wheat, bu
Corn, bu
Oats. bu...
ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF LABOR (1918).
President — John H. Walker.
Secretary — Victor A. Olander.
Vice-Presidents—John P. McGrath, Edward
Carbine, Michael Whalen, Thomas Kelly. J.
W. Morton, Albert Towers. Emil Reinhold.
George B. Jenkins. Waldo Cross.
Auditors— William Jampel. J. A. Kain. Tilden
Bozarth.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 959
A. G. BECKER «& CO
COMMERCIAL PAPER
DES PLAINES STATE BANK
OFFICERS
PETER M. HOFFMAN, Pres. B. F. KINDER, V.-Pres. B. LAGERHAUSEN, V.-Pres.
WM. F. GRAUPNER, Cashier M. A. BEHRENS. Assistant Cashier
Report of the condition before the commencement of business on
the 1st day of November, 1918:
Capital Stock $50,000.00 Deposits $550,000.00
Surplus Fund Earned 33,000.00 Total Resources . . . 650,000.00
Total Liabilities. . . .$650,000.00
EDWARD P. RUSSELL WALTER S. BREWSTER C. L. PENISTON
RUSSELL, BREWSTER & CO.
Successors to Edward L. Brewster & Co.
116 wcmcAADaoMS ST STOCKS AND BONDS
NEW YORK OFFICE Member of. New York Stock Exchange
111 BROADWAY Member of Chicago Stock Exchange
We shall be glad to furnish circulars and information
regarding attractive tax exempt and other securities.
960
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
OLD RESIDENTS OF CHICAGO.
Nov. 15. 1918.
In the following1 list of men and women who
have lived in the city or its suburbs for sixty-
eight years or more there are doubtless many
omissions, though an effort has been made to
make it as complete as possible. Additions to.
changes of residence and other corrections of
this list, which will be continued in future
editions of this publication, will be gladly re-
ceived. Names marked with an * are those of
persons born in Chicago or Cook county. Ages
when known are given in parentheses:
1827— Griffin. Ella. 2451 Seminary avenue.
1829— Le Beau. Mrs. Emily Beaubien (93) . 4363
Lake Park avenue.
1831— Outhet. Miss Elizabeth (87) . 219 Frank-
lin avenue. River Forest.
1832— Goeden. Mrs. Susan (88). 1900 Estes-av.
1834 — Ludwig, Catherine. 1465 W. Superior-st.
Rexford. Simeon A.. 6519 Lafayette avenue.
1835— Harman. William (84). 3840 West End-av.
Mason. J. A.* (84). Prairie View. 111.
Scranton, Mrs. Mary J. (88). 6852 Harper-av.
Sinclair, George (84). 4327 Berkeley avenue.
Thies. Mrs. A. C.. 1157 West Van Buren-st.
1836— Agnew. John* (82). 40 Elm street.
Garrity. Maria. 5256 Sheridan road.
Morris. Mrs. Mary. 4145 Kenmore avenue.
Warner, Mrs. Roxana (86). 7116 Stewart-av.
1837— Bohlander, John (81). Hinsdale.
Doty, Harvey C. (85). 1104 Grand avenue.
Goodrich. Horace A.* (81). 522 Deming-pl.
Keefe, Edward (84). 3971 Ellis avenue.
Stryker. John* (81). 4246 West Ashland-av.
1838— Clark. Catherine C.* (80). 7628 South
Sangamon street.
Collins, W. M. (82). 5610 Princeton avenue.
Flagg, Emma J. T.* (80). 612 Woodland-pk.
O'Neil, John J. (81). 3934 Lexington street.
Pitkin, Mary J.» (80). 55 West Schiller-st.
Sinclair. Mrs. J. E.« (80). 703 N. 3d avenue.
1839— Chase, Mrs. Benj. F (84), 6527 Yale-av.
Gray, Allen W* (79). 3213 Washington-bd.
Harpel. Eliza* (79). 51 East Oak street.
Lewis. Charles J. (80). 1900 Carroll avenue.
Lewis. John (88). 2414 Gladys avenue.
Periolat. Clemens F.C79). 3153 Cambridge-av.
Peters, Johanna. 1929 Bradley place.
Russell, Isaac (79). 2135 Carroll avenue.
Sampson, Mrs. R. R.* (79). 7380 Rogers-av.
1840 — Carroll. Michael* (78). Soldiers' home,
Quincy, 111.
Falch, Charles H. (78) , 541 E. 41st place.
Farrar, Mrs. Sophia B. (78). 3130 Dearborn-st.
Fuller, Mrs. Ann C. (79). 810 Oakwood-bd.
Hamilton. Henry E. (78) . 817 N. Dearborn-st.
Schmidt. Louis. Bensenville. 111.
Welch. James (93). 515 West Madison street.
1841— Breidt. Adam (80). 5612 N. Ashland-av.
Ebert. Albert E. (78). 276 Michigan avenue.
Foster. Orrington C.(77). 1401 N.Dearborn-st.
Lewis. Eli R. (77). 7458 Normal avenue.
Lloyd, John A.. 2110 Jackson boulevard.
Loring, Stella Dyer* (77) . 4600 Ellis avenue.
Sauter. John* (77), 5916 Normal avenue.
Smith, Orson* (77), 50 Bellevue place.
Tally. Alfred M.* (77). 3611 Vincennes-av.
1842 — Armstrong. John M. (76). 628 Briar-pi.
Athy. Stephen. 4743 Indiana avenue.
Barchard, John. Des Plaines. HI.
Brettmann, Henry (76). 2069 Humboldt-bd.
Cowper. John H. (77), Montclair. N. J.
Cullerton. Edward F.* (76). 4242 West Har-
rison street.
Curtis. DeWitt H. C79). 1302 Washington-bd.
Dickerman. Mrs. M. B.* (76). 5619 Normal
avenue.
Falconer, Wm. (101), 3000 N. Cicero-av.
Jax, Nicholas (82). 2310 Seminary avenue.
Mattes, Frank. 4936 North Irving avenue.
Merrill, George H. (79). 4236 Jackson-bd.
Muench. Johanne. 718 Roscoe street.
Murphy. Charles A.. 4120 Wilcox street.
Russell. Mrs. Ellen I. (76). 2135 Carroll-av.
Vincent, Mrs. Sarah A. (92). 5117 Kimbark
avenue.
Weller. George W. (76) . 7008 Normal avenue.
Wiggins, John B.. 4625 Greenwood avenue.
1843— Allmendinger. Peter (76). 438 Arlington
place.
Feldman, Mary, 3828 Keystone avenue.
Follansbee. George A. (75). 767 Willow
street, Winnetka.
Ford, Elisha M. (82). 3209 Warren avenue.
Gavin, Rev. E. W.* (75), Waukegan.
Gubbins, George P.. 3912 West 18th street.
Hickcox, Mrs. Sophia E. (97). 417 Lee
street, Evanston.
Holden, William H. (75). 1143 Forest ave-
nue, Evanston.
Langdon. Addison L. (75). 916 East 62d-st.
Magee, Henry W. (77), 5626 Dorchester-av.
Sherman, Charles D.* (75), Riverside.
Spahn. Jos. M. (75). '10307 Indianapolis-av.
Weckler. Adam J. (76). 3446 Broadway.
1844— Arnold. Miss Katherine D.* (74). 674
Lincoln parkway.
Bennett. Robert J. (79), 4250 N. Paulina-st.
Butts. Milton D. (80). 130 Keystone avenue.
River Forest.
Fergus. John B.* (74). 923 Gait avenue.
Fergus, John Q. (77). 3114 Vernon avenue.
Flanders. Isabel W. (89). 4917 Christiana-av.
Hoppe. Victoria, 529 Grant place.
Hoyne. Thomas M. (74). 3369 Calumet-av.
Janes. Mrs. J. E.. 822 Dakin street.
Kay, Joseph A.* (74). 5601 Elston avenue.
Lamb, Clinton S. (74). 1224 West Adams-st.
Marshall, J. F.* (74). 3043 Groveland-av.
Mason, George (78) . 1440 West Monroe-st.
Reid, Mrs. Elizabeth G.* (74). 2245 North
Halsted street.
Rigney, Mary A., 5039 West Huron street.
Robins. Charlotte* (74), 5553 Wentworth-av.
Runge. Henry (73). 2528 N. Spaulding-av.
Schafer, John, Gross Point.
Schram. C. B. (84). 37 North Halsted street.
Sea vert. E. G. (80). 641 Hamburg street.
Skinner, Miss Elizabeth (74) . 612 Rush-st.
Smith. Frederick A.* (74). 609 Rush street.
Snowden. Orpha (93). 853 Lill avenue.
Tebbetts. Elizabeth E.* (74). 4736 North
Paulina street.
Van Horn. Mrs. A. G. S. (74). 4510 Green-
view avenue.
1845 — Batterman. Sophia L.. 2022 Fremont-st.
Black. Mary. 3247 North Halsted street.
Bradley. J. Harley (74), 607 Rush street.
Breese, A. K. (73), 9711 Parnell avenue.
Breese, Mrs. A. K. (73). 9711 Parnell avenue.
Bromilaw, Mrs. Minnie C.* (73), 7642 Green-
wood avenue.
Casey, Mrs. Helen M. (83). 4223 West Mon-
roe street.
Clark. Mrs. David W.* (73). 3125 Warren-av.
Franzen, B. L., Bensenville.
Ford, John W.. 3845 Lexington avenue.
Holdship, Barbara. 3117 Edgewood avenue.
Jackson, Oliver* (73). 4458 Oakenwald-av.
Kleinman, John J.. 1558 Fulton street.
Knickerbocker. A. V.* (73). 3301 Washingr-
ton boulevard.
Leady, George B.. 3554 La Salle street.
Manierre, George* (73). 100 Bellevue-pl.
Robinson. W. R. (73). 556 W. Adams street.
Roth, Madeline. 4116 North Paulina street.
Rutherford. T. A. (80). Grand and Oak Park
avenues.
Sohimmels. Chr.* (73), 1410 S. Halsted-st.
Schnabel, Jacob. 82 North Robey street.
Trauscht, Anna M.* (73). 2481 Archer-av.
Wayman. William, 5410 West Ohio street.
1846— Becker. Madalena, 1206 Wellington-av.
Berger, Louis A. (85). 2129 Cuyler avenue.
Bournique, Mrs. A. E.* (72). 315 E. 23d-st.
Boyd. Mrs. C. L. (72). 5406 Blackstone-ar.
Brachtendorf. Anton (74). 348 Mohawk-st.
Brinkworth, Mrs. Emma A. (72). 884 Irving:
place.
Brown, Edward C. (73). 6056 Kenwood-av.
Culver. John (72). 2146 Railroad avenue.
Evanston.
ADVERTISEMENT.
961
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JOHN F. JELKE COMPANY,
Chicago
962
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1019.
Dayton. Mrs. Martha S. (72), 6950 Lowe-av.
Evert. Barbara, 6014 North llobey street.
Fishback, Mrs. Mary (78). 6938 Wentworth
avenue.
FitzpatricR, J. C.. 5324 Wabash avenue.
Franzen. Joseph. 2631 North Halsted street.
Ganshaw, Mrs. Anna M. (72). 1254 57th
avenue. Cicero.
Gray. George L. (72). 2644 Indiana avenue.
Griffin. Mrs. F. A. (82). 907 West Monroe-st.
Gross. George M (72). 1445 South State-st.
Hayes, Michael (73). 4546 West Adams-st.
Healy, James T. (72). 3220 Indiana avenue.
Hitz, Louis J. (84). 95th st. and Western-av.
Hough, Albert J. (72), 4828 Kenwood-av.
Husted. Frank T. (72). 2331 South Morgan
avenue, .Morgan Park
Kemler. Lena. 3434 West 62d street.
Klassen. Jacob (83). 3123 South Park-av.
Klossman. Charlotte (78). 4123 North Kil-
dare avenue.
Knight, Jennie H.* (72). 3336 Rhodes-av.
Lawrence, Theodore F. (71). 1995 North
Halsted street.
Lemmon, Vina (71). 1552 Lill avenue.
McHenry. Abbie C.* (72). 1815 Indiana-av.
Monheimer, Conrad (85). 4033 Prairie-av.
Monroe, Benjamin F. (78). 850 East 65th-st.
Nelson. Andrew G. (92). 4635 Langley-av.
Niehoft, Katherine (78). 1028 Oakdale-av.
Polkey. Margaret* (72). 5100 Sheridan-rd.
Sears, Joseph (75), Kenilworth.
Sebastian, Elizabeth. 5412 North Wayne-av. .
Sicking-er, Jacob* (72). 1434 Devon avenue.
Smalley. Mrs. A. K.* (72). 2544 Kimball-av.
Smith, James H. (74), 418 Oak street.
Spaehr, Mary. 4812 Sheridan road.
Stratton. Helen A.. 2249 West Monroe street.
Tyler. Albert S.* (72). Hyde Park boulevard.
Weir, Robert (78). 6223 Yale avenue.
Williams, Hobart* (72). Cheshire. Conn.
Yoe. Lucien G.* (72). Highland Park.
1847— Amberg, Mrs. William A.* (71). 1301
North State street.
Barry, Rebecca A.. 1916 Belle Plaine avenue.
Bender. George A. (84). 3435 N. Harding-av.
Beers, George T. (81), 3414 S. Paulina-st.
Bishop, Joseph H. (79), 600 York place.
Brettmann, Mrs. Louisa (71). 2069 Humboldt
boulevard.
Chapel. G. R.. 3513 Carroll avenue.
Clausen. Mrs. Lizzie* (71). 1752 N.Wells-st.
Cook. John F.. 1752 North Kedzie avenue.
Curtis. Charles C.* (71). 1414 Astor street.
Danenhower, Joseph L., 3857 Ellis avenue.
Dibos, Margaret, 1838 Hudson avenue.
Doetsch. Anton, Glen View.
Haggard. John D.* (71). 154 North Pine-av.
Hart, John E. (91). 309 Beethoven place.
Henderson, Robert (71). 1460 Cullom-av.
Hettinger. Barbara. 1049 Webster avenue.
Higgins. Mrs. L. A. R. (71). 5550 University
avenue.
Hough, Charles H.* (71). 4828 Kenwood-av.
Hoxie, Mary H.* (71), 4440 Michigan-av.
Kugel. Eliza. 4046 Lowe avenue.
Krummenacher, John. 621 Asbury avenue,
Evanston.
Lang. Andrew. 1635 Larrabee street.
Lauer, Maria (88). 1744 Belmont avenue.
Manierre, William R.* (71). 1507 Dearborn
parkway.
Morgan, Wm. R.* (71). 310 North Mason-av.
Mullen, John Y. (71). 412 Sherman street.
Oyen, Georgiana, 1643 North Troy street.
Rippberger, George, 1848 Belle Plaine avenue.
Rohmer, Mrs. C.. 58 S. Vine-st.. Hinsdale.
Schnor. Nicolaus, 2051 Orchard street.
Schubert, Mrs. Margaret (77). 5635 Prince-
ton avenue.
Simon. William (80). 4624 North Clark-st.
Taylor. Mrs. Agnes M.* (71). 2631 Best-av.
Thiele, Heinrich (89). 2125 Cleveland avenue.
Thiele. Maria (90). 2125 Cleveland avenue.
Thilo. Mrs. Elizabeth (83). 1861 North Hal-
sted street.
Turner. John W.* (71). 1854 Addison-st.
Watson, Edward. 326 South Western avenue.
Wayman, James B.* (71). 4858 Kenmore-av.
Whitehead. Edward J. (79), River Forest.
1848— Bremner. David F. (79). 5009 Green-
wood avenue.
Bryan, Frederick W.* (70). 1423 Kenilworth
avenue.
Cornell, Sarah. 3332 Lexington street.
Eberlen. George P.* (70). 1140 Wrightwood
avenue.
Fennimore. William. 1447 Kenilworth avenue.
Gray, P. W.. 2563 North Winchester avenue.
Greenebaum, Elias (96). 4510 Grand-bd.
Gunderson. M. A. (83). 2531 North Fran-
cisco avenue.
Heektor, Jacob S. (70). 3011 Archer avenue.
Joyce, Mrs. Thomas (80). 3426 Prairie-av.
Langguth, J. F. (76). 1929 Wavelaud avenue.
Letto, A. M., 1033 Wellington avenue.
McMahon, Mrs. Mary (77). 2902 Wallace-st.
Monheimer, Leonard (85), 5008 Prairie-av.
Murphy. Joseph (95). 5648 Michigan avenue.
McClevey, Mary, 2059 North Keeler avenue.
McConnell, John* (70). 546 Hawthorne-pl.
Olson. Oliver (71), 3435 Melrose street.
Parker, John D. (78), 216 East 56th street.
Peck, Ferdinand W. (70). 1828 S. Michigan
avenue.
Renich, Mrs. Helen (71). 1926 School street.
Riley. John P. (73), 1920 Hudson avenue.
Rofinot, Victor F. (70). 6354 Langley-av.
Rogan, John J. (72). 4203 S. State street.
Rudolph, John C. (93), 527 Briar place.
Sampson. John C.* (70). 1243 East 47th-st.
Schimmels, Capt. C., 1410 S. Halsted street.
Schlecht. Mrs. C. C. (75). 5804 Race-av.
Schlossman, J. B. (70), 5341 Cdlumet-av.
Schmidt. Mrs. Sophie (83), Oak Park.
Schupp. Philip, 2426 Berwyn avenue.
Scouton, T. B. (70). 4706 Magnolia ayenue.
Sheppard, Robert D.* (70). Evanston.
Smyth, Thomas A.« (70). 2022 West Jack-
son boulevard.
Soelke, Henry. 2743 Washington boulevard.
Spikings, William H. (70). 5031 North Craw-
ford avenue.
Starkweather. C. H.* (70). 5828 University
Stewart^Bridget (84). 1830 West 13th-st.
Varges, Edward E. (70), 5325 N. Ashland-av.
Weber, Herman (76), 742 Junior terrace.
Wilcox. George G.* (70). 800. 167 West
Washington street.
1849— Balken, Peter M. (81). 71 Keystone ave-
nue. River Forest.
Boyd. Robert (77). 1321 East 52d street.
Buggie, James (70). 10609 Drew street.
Cobb. Weldon J.* (70). Wheaton.
Curtis. Rev. Edw. H. (75). 6329 Woodlawn
Curtis^Henry M. (77). 4943 Blackstone-av.
Doyle. Austin J.* (69). 6544 Harvard-av.
Dundy. Kate, 2828 West Superior street.
Furst, Conrad (88). 2340 Lincoln parkway.
Gebert, Johanna, 2710 Cottage Grove avenue.
Glasebrook. George (93). 2230 Flournoy-st.
Glasebrook. Mrs. Mary A. (89). 2230 Flour-
noy street.
Goodwillie, Mrs. Cecelia (89). 450 Roslyn-pL
Goold, John E. (69). 2216 Prairie avenue.
Graham. John R. (87), 3340 Washington-bd.
Gregory, Margaret. 3849 Belmont avenue.
Grupe. Conrad (85). 2176 N. Maplewood-av.
Guthier, Lawrence. Norwood Park.
Hatch. William H. (69), 2703 N. Halsted-st.
Jaworski. Stephen D.* (69). 2743 Warren-av.
Joslyn, Walter S. (75). 436 East 72d street.
Leopold, Mrs. C.* (69). 2666 N. Halsted-st.
Melvin, Thos. H. (69). 2508 N. Artesian-av.
Moore. William J. (73). 311 Wendell street.
O'Byrne. Mrs. E. (74). 2545 Washington-bd,
Oliver, Lucy Hicks (74), 809 Crescent place,
Prindiville, Wm. H.* (69), 2058 Burling-st.
Ritchie, Hugh (94), 28 West Chestnut-st.
Rumsey, George D. (69), Congress hotel.
Schneider, Martin. 1636 Granville avenue.
Shepard, F. A.* (69). 540 Millard avenue.
Sullivan. Timothy (69), 4855 W. Van Buren.
Sweeney.' Eugene* (69). 225 N. Waller-av.
Theis. Theodore (73), 2729 Pine Grove-av,
Wachter, Henry. 3938 North Hoyne avenue.
ADVERTISEMENT. . 963
MIAMI METALS CO
MANUFACTURERS OF
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1IIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIII1IIIIIIIIII11IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
FERRO- MANGANESE AND
SPIEGELEISEN
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitHiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiniiiii
122 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE
CHICAGO
iiiiiiimiimimiim limn iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiii iniiiiiiitiiiiii iiiiiiitmiiiliilliiiiillllllllllllliilllitlllilliiiiiiiiiiniiiii
PLANTS:
SOUTH CHICAGO, ILL., AND GOSHEN, VA.
964
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
Weber. Mrs. Barbara M. (83). 1880 Milwau-
kee avenue.
1850 — Baumann. Frederick (92). 2744 Pine
Grove avenue.
Bechtel, John. 4927 North Irving' avenue.
Bomhake, William* (68). 5442 Leland-av.
Butterfleld. Caroline S. (68). 1225 Columbia
avenue.
Clingman, Chas. W.* (68). 4748 Kenwood-av.
Dunne. Michael J. (78). 4901 Dorchester-av.
Gonerer, Jacob. 4530 North Knox avenue.
Finke. Mrs. Anna M. (89). 1342 Woliram-st.
Foley. Adele, 6238 South Aberdeen street.
Gloor, Elizabeth. 6332 Lakewood avenue.
Grau. Amalia. 3227 Cliiton avenue.
Haake, George* (68). 621 Wellington avenue.
Haines, George* (68), 6544 Cicero avenue.
Haines. Walter S.* (68). 1746 West Harri-
son street.
Hawes, Robert (83). 2935 Bonfield street.
Heidel. Otto. 2519 Cologne street.
Horn, Eliza. 842 Diversey parkway.
Howe. Miss Frances (68). 5024 Grace street.
Jiroch, Joseph (72). 1837 Mohawk street.
Keller. Mary, 610 North Sangamon street.
Kenser, Katharina, 3741 Bosworth avenue.
Kotz. Charles E.* (68). 4869.Winthrop-av.
Lawson. Victor F.* (68). 1500 Lake Shore
drive.
Leander. J., 530 North Clark street.
Lendrum, George* (68). 900 Hope street.
Loehr, Justus P. C. (77). 2824 Burling-st.
Mahoney. David* (68). 4132 Indiana avenue.
Mahoney. Timothy (69). 738 Racine avenue.
Martin, Mrs. Mary (70). 6418 Langley-av.
Miller. Ed M. (68). 1906 South Turner-av.
Miller. Eliza. 2142 Clifton avenue.
Morris. William (75). 4936 Kimbark avenue.
Moser. George W. (68). 400 Maple avenue.
Oak Park.
Munsen. John (79). 3028 N. Sawyer avenue.
Musham, Mrs. Catherine. 741 Rush street.
Nurnberger. Mrs. Emile (80). 2968 South
State street.
Ohlerking, John H. (76), River Forest.
O'Leary. David, 1333 East 71st street.
Pinkerton. William A. (72), 199 East Oak-st.
Pomy. Mrs. Anna (73). 431 Webster avenue.
Schaffer, Ferdinand (69). Blue Island.
Schuenemann. John. 1440 N. Hermitagpe-av.
Senf. Sofia (70), River Grove.
Seyer. Virginia L. A., 1616 -Rees street.
Spaan. Martin, 4812 Sheridan road.
Stender. C. F. G., 308 South Hamlin avenue.
Sussem. John (72). 1067 W. Harrison-st.
Thiele. Christ. 22d and Wolf road. Hillside.
Trapp, Margaret. 2827 South Park avenue.
Walsh. David* (68). 3142 West 16th street.
Wegselbaum. Joseph (68). 5007 North Ash-
.'.tnd avenue.
Weihe. Mrs. Caroline (77). 5064 North Win-
„ Chester avenue.
DIED IN 1918.
Arend. William N. (86), 1318 Catalpa avenue;
arrived 1850; died Sept. 23.
Baber. Mrs. Delana E. (75), 200 North Park-
side avenue; arrived 1848: died April 18.
Ballard, Katherine M. (83), 4857 Kimbark
avenue: arrived 1852: died Jan. 20.
Berentsen, Bertina (83), 3544 Diversey ave-
nue; arrived 1850: died March 9.
Blair. Claudius (80). 7440 Rhodes avenue:
born in Chicago 1838; died March 18.
Bush, Mrs. Mary (93), Orland Park: arrived
in Will county 1830; died April 12.
Clark, John M. (82). 847 North Michigan
avenue; arrived 1847; died Aug. 6 in
Marion. Mass.
Clemens, Nicholas (87), 3017 North Racine
avenue: arrived 1850: died Jan. 13.
Clybourn, James A. (83). 1544 Jonquil ter-
race; born in Chicago 1835: died Aug. 3.
Cobb, George Day, 1109 Hirunan avenue.
Evanston; arrived in Chicago 1848; died
July 13.
Colvin, Albert (85). 85th and Rockwell
streets: arrived 1835: died Oct. 5.
Conway, Patrick H. (81). 934 Sedgwick
street: arrived 1839; died Oct. 2.
Diemeyer, Louis (81), Lake Forest: born in
Chicago 1837; died Feb. 20.
Donahue, Mrs. Eleanor G. (99), 7116 Rhodes
avenue; arrived 1850: died" June 28.
Dunn, Mrs. Eveline G. (93), 4033 West Adams
street; arrived 1846; died Feb. 4.
Felix, Benjamin F. (78), 5709 Winthrop ave-
nue; arrived 1851; died Dec. 22. 1917.
Fife.. Mrs. Rosa P. (92). 5323 Indiana ave-
nue: arrived 1848; died Sept. 1.
Fishbach, Mrs. Katherine (94), 4030 North
Ashland avenue: arrived 1854; died Oct 12.
Foster. Mrs. Hannah Maria (75), 2751 Broad-
way, Evanston; born in Chicago 1843; died
May 4.
Geist, Christoph F. (87). 4536 Prairie ave-
nue: arrived 1854; died Jan. 12.
Gillespie, Catherine E. (81), 2953 Prairie
avenue: arrived 1843; died Sept. 25.
Griffith, Mrs! Fanny A., in Hinsdale: arrivec?
in Chicago 1841; died Nov. 23. 1917.
Gunzenhauser. Magrdalena (73). Batavia, HI.;
born in Chicago 1847; died July 28.
Hilmes, Mrs. Sophia (83). 1758 21st place:
arrived 1846; died April 14.
Kearns, Mrs. Ellen (80), 3617 Colorado ave-
nue: arrived 1847; died May 15.
Kerfoot. William D. (80). 1425 Astor street:
arrived 1854; died Jan. &
Krinbill, Mrs. George (88), Hammond. Ind.:
arrived in Chicago 1840: died Jan. 15.
Lay. A. Tracy (93). Highland Park; arrived
1849; died March 19.
Long. Mrs. Ellen (75), 5216 Magnolia ave-
nue: arrived 1849: died March 14.
Ludwig, William (81), 4934 West Harrison
street: born in Chicago 1837: died July 1.
Lyons, Mrs. Edward (76). 6823 Lafayette
avenue: arrived 1853: died May 2.
Maloney, Mrs. Mary Kebbe (91). 4457 North
Paulina street; arrived 1834; died Feb. 20.
McGrath, Christopher, 111 North Mayfield
avenue: arrived 1846: died April 12.
Mellody, Martin (81). Lake Forest: born in
Lake county 1837: died June 24.
Perry, Mrs. Margaret L. (74). Spokane.
Wash.: born in Chicago 1843; died Nov. 10.
1917.
Ray. James (78), 3627 West Polk street;
born in Chicago 1840; died July 29.
Rooks. Mrs. Mary Still. Lake Bluff: arrived
1849: died Oct. 12.
Root, James P. (87), King- Home lor Old
Men; arrived 1838; died March 2.
Scanlan, Mortimer, 4333 Indiana avenue: ar-
rived 1851; died Dec. 14. 1917.
Schram, Mrs. Caroline (73), 806 North Oak-
ley boulevard; arrived 1852: died Feb. 11.
Seidenswarz, Mrs. Dorothea (81), 4027 Sheri-
dan road: arrived 1840; died June 25.
Smith, Frank Waldo (69), 5539 Cornell ave-
nue; born in Chicago 1849: died July 23.
Spry, Mrs. Ellen (81). 5099 Dorchester ave-
nue: arrived 1850: died April 30.
Swenie, Mrs. Martha (87). 1232 Arthur are-
nue; arrived 1848: died March 4.
Tiernan. Mary S., Evanston: arrived 1851;
died Feb 20.
Toomer, Margrette (78). 2213 North Maple-
wood avenue: arrived 1852; died Jan. 2.
Wilke, W. (81.) 1805 West Superior street:
arrived 1847: died Jan. 10.
Wright, Augustine W. (71), Los Angeles, Cal.;
arrived in Chicago 1847: died Feb. 3.
SOCIETIES OF PIONEERS.
Old-Time Printers' Association— President, W.
A. Cahill; vice-president, Andrew B. Adair:
secretary-treasurer. William Mill, 1346 North
Hoyne avenue.
Old-Time Printing- Pressmen's Association-
President, A. W. Smith; secretary, J. H. Bow«
man.
ADVERTISEMfcNT. 966
RELIABLE
PRINTERS'
ROLLERS
MFG. CO.
CHICAGO
PITTSBURGH DALLAS
ST. LOUIS MILWAUKEE
KANSAS CITY • MINNEAPOLIS
ATLANTA DES MOINES
INDIANAPOLIS CLEVELAND, OHIO
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO
966
ALMANAC A1»D YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
LICENSE BATES IN CHICAGO NOV. 1, 1918.
Per year unless otherwise specified.
Theaters— AMUSEMENTS. Rate.
(a) Highest admission lee, except for
box seats, $1.00 or more $1,000.00
(b) Highest admission fee, except for box
seats, exceeds 50c, but is less than
$1.00 400.00
(c) Highest admission fee, except for
box seats, exceeds 30c, but does not
exceed 50c 300.00
<d) Highest admission fee, except for
box seats, exceeds 20c, but does not
exceed 30c 250.00
(e) Highest admission fee, except for box
seats, does not exceed 20c 200.00
Lectures, art exhibits, etc 200.00
Concerts 100.00
Penny arcades, etc 200.00
Halls for Dances, Ba7aars, Etc. —
(a) Seating capacity not exceeding 300
persons 25.00
(b) Seating capacity more than 300 per-
sons, but not exceeding 500 persons.... 50.00
(c) Seating capacity more than 500 per-
sons, but not exceeding SOO persons 75.00
(d) Seating capacity exceeding 800 per-
sons 100.00
Summer gardens, per week 20..00
Amusement parks, per week 40.00
Picnic grounds 10.00
Roller or ice skating rinks 200.00
Baseball, Football, Etc., Fields—
(a) Seating capacity 15,000 persons or
more 1,000.00
(b) Seating capacity less than 15,000
persons, but not less, than 10,000 per-
sons 700.00
(c) Seating capacity less than 10,000
persons, but more than 4,000 persons.. 300.00
(d) Seating capacity not exceeding 4,000
persons 75.00
Wrestling MatcBes—
(a) Seating capacity 500 persons or less,
per day 5.00
(b) Seating capacity more than 500 per-
sons, but not more than 1,000 persons,
per day i... 10.00
{c) Seating capacity more than 1,000
persons, but not more thar. 2,000 per-
sons, per day 20.00
<d) Seating capacity more than 2,000
persons, but not more than 3,000 per-
sons, per day 30.00
(e) Seating capacity more than 3,000
persons, but not more than 4,000 per-
sons, per day ;... 40.00
(f) Seating capacity more than 4,000
persons, but less than 5,000 persons,
per day 50.00
(g) Seating capacity 5,000 persons or
more, per day 60.00
Poultry, Horse, Stock, Dog, Etc., Shows—
(a) Highest admission fee exceeds 75<c.
per day 25.00
<b) Highest admission fee exceeds . 50c,
but does not exceed 76c, per day 15.00
(c) Highest admission fee exceeds lOc,
but does not exceed 50c, per day • 10.00
(d) Highest admission fee does not ex-
ceed lOc, per day 1.00
Circuses, Menegeries, Etc.—
(a) Seating capacity more than 6,000
persons, per day 150.00
(b) Seating capacity more than 3,000
persons, 1-ut not more than 6,000 per-
sons, per day 50.00
{c) Seating capacity more than 1.500
persons, but not more than 3,000 per-
sons, per day 35.00
<d) Seating capacity more than 750 per-
sons, but not more than 1,500 persons,
per day 25.00
(e) Seating capacity more than 400 per-
sons, but not more than 750 persons,
per day 10.00 |
<f) Seating capacity not more than 400
persons, p*"- montb 10.00
Air domes, sideshows, etc., per day
Swimming and 'diving shows, per week...
Platform, walk-around, etc., shows, per
week
Skill and strength testing devices, per
week
Merry-Go-Rounds, Coasters, Etc. —
(a) Highest fee or fare for one ride
does not exceed 5c, per week
(b) Highest fee or fare for one ride ex-
ceeds 5c, but does not exceed lOc,
per week
(c) Highest fee or fare for one ride ex-
ceeds lOc, per week
Pony or animal rides, etc., per week....
Fireworks exhibitions, per day
Entertainments not included in the fore-
going, per day.
Rate.
$10.00
2.00
2.00
10.00
.50
50.00
5.00
soing.
Note— Where a license fee is fixed at so much
per week, no license to issue for a less period
than ten weeks. Annual licenses may be issued
in two periods of six months each.
MISCELLANEOUS. Rate.
Acetylene gae, collection or compression.. $150. 00
Acetylene gas, sale or distribution .......... 5.0u
Amusement, public place of ("dry caba-
ret"):
Seating capacity 300 persons or less ....... 25.00
Seating capacity 301 to 500 persons ........ 50.00
Seating capacity 501 to 800 persons -------- 75.00
Seating capacity more than 800 persons... 100.00
Auctioneers ................................... 300.00
Auctioneers, special sales, per day .......... 10.00
Automobiles, public passenger (on stands) :
Seating three persons or less ............... 2.50
Seating four to eight persons ............... 5.00
Seating nine to twenty persons ............ 10.00
Seating more than twenty persons ......... 25.00
Automobiles, public passenger (not on
stands) ............................. ; ........ 5.00
Automobiles, passenger (wheel tax):
35 horse power or less ..................... 10. 00
Over 35 horse power ....................... 20.00
Automobile delivery wagons, capacity less
than one ton (wheel tax) .................. 15.00
Automobile trucks (wheel tax) .............. 30.00
Automobiles, demonstrating or testing
vehicle (wheel tax), each .................. 1.00
•Automobiles (State Fee)—
10 horse power and less .................... 4.50
25 horse power and more than 10 horse
Dower ...................................... 6.00
35 horse power and more than 25 horse
power ..................................... 9.00
50 horse power and more than 35 horse
power ..................................... 16.00
More than 50 horse power ................. 20.00
Electric motor vehicles of 2 ton capac-
ity and less ................................ 10.00
Electric motor vehicles of over 2 ton
capacity .................................... 20.00
Manufacturers of and dealers in ......... 10.00
Bakeries ...................................... 5.00
Bar permits (suspended for duration of
war) ................ . ........................ 6.00
Bathing beaches, etc ......................... 15.00
Billiard and pool tables, each ............... 5.00
Bill posting, with wagons ................. 100.00
Bill posting, without wagons ................ 25.00
Boats, launches, etc. $2.00, $10.00 and ...... 25.00
Bowling alleys, each .......................... 5.00
Brewers ....................................... 500.no
Brokers _____ ................................... 25.00
Cabs, public ................................... 1.00
Carbonated waters, etc ....................... 20.00
Cars, elevated railway, each ................. 50.00
Cartridges and shells. $10 and ............... 25.00
Catch basins and sewers, cleaners of, per
\vas;on ...................................... 10.00
Chauffeurs (state fee)— Original .............. 5.00
Chauffeur* (state fee) — Renewal ............. 3.00
Chauffeurs (see operators of public motor
vehicles).
Cigarette dealers .............................. 100.00
Coupes, public ................................. 1.00
ADVERTISEMENT. 967
QUALITY METALS
THE BLATCHFORD
"NO. 1" STEREOTYPE METAL.
STAR STEREOTYPE METAL.
BLATCHFORD PERFECTION LINOTYPE1 METAL.
MONOTYPE METAL. AUTOPLATE METAL.
SPECIAL MIXTURES.
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS. Chicago, November 9, 1918.
Messrs. E. W. Blatchford Company,
230 North Clinton-st., City.
Gentlemen : We have used the Blatchford metals — stereotype,
linotype and autoplate — continuously for many years, and with uni-
form satisfaction. We believe them to be unsurpassed in quality.
Very truly yours,
VICTOR F. LAWSON. Publisher.
Manufactured Exclusively by
CHICAGO NEW YORK
968
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Rate.
Deadly weapons, dealers in $25.00
Delicatessen stores : 5.00
Distillers 500.00
Dispensaries, medical 20.00
Drain layers 6.00
Drivers of public passenger horse drawn
vehicles 1.00
Drug stores 5. GO
Dry cleaners:
Tanks of 550 gnllon or less capacity, each, 5.00
Tanks of 551 to 1,065 gallon capacity, each, 7.50
Each 1,000 gallons in excess of 1,065 gals.. 2.50
Minimum fee of 25.00
Electrical contractor, certificate of regis-
tration (renewal $10.00) 25.00
Employment 'agency (state fee) 50.00
Engineers, stationary 2.00
Explosives (gunpowder, etc.), sale or use of, 25.00
Filling stations:
Kerosene only, per tank 3.00
Tanks or containers of 100 gallon or less
capacity 6.00
Tanks or containers of 101 to 400 gallon
capacity 15.00
Tanks or containers of 401 to 1,065 gallon
capacity 25.00
Tanks or containers of over 1,065 gallon
capacity, $25.90 for first 1,065 gallons and
$25.00 for each additional 1.065 gallons or
fractional part.
Portable tanks 15.00
Fireworks, sale of 10.00
Fireworks, permit to discharge 10.00
Fishing (State Fee)—
For each 100 yards of seine or less (ex-
cept minnow seines) 5.25
For each dip net 1.25
For each hoop net 75
For each fyke net 1.25
For each basket or trap net 75
For each steam tug used in operating
gill or pound nets 23.25
For each gasoline launch used in operat-
ing gill or pound nets 15.25
For each sailboat or rowboat used in
operating gill or pound nets 10.25
Fish market, wholesale 10.50
Fitness, certificates of (for handling high
explosives) 5.00
Fltnese, certificates of (for handling oils,
etc., in diry cleaning establishments).. 6.00
Garages 25.00
Hacks, public 2.50
Homes 1.00
Hospitals 60.00
Housemovers, raisers and shorers 50.00
Hunting (state fee) 1.00
Ice dealers, retail, per wagon 10.00
Junk dealers, retail 100.00
Junk dealers, wholesale 1,000.00
Junk wagons, each 10.00
Liquors, malt, wholesale (one to six gal-
lons) 50.00
Liquors, malt, wholesale (more than six
gallons at a time) 500.00
Liquors, spirituous, wholesale 100.00
Liquors, vinous, wholesale 50.00
Liquors, malt and vinous, in amusement
places (by special permit), per day 6.00
Livery stables 15.00
Rate.
Lumber yards $100.00
Marriage (county) 1.50
Mason contractor (renewal $25.00) 50.00
Meat food products establishment 20.00
Milk dealers 10.00
Milk peddlers, per wagon 10.00
Motor bicycles and motor tricycles (wheel
tax) 3.00
*Motor bicycles (state fee) 3.00
Moving picture films, permit for exhibi-
tion of, each 1.00
Moving picture films, storage of:
500 cubic feet, 10 cents per foot ; minimum 50.00
Excess of 500 cubic feet, 7c per cubic ft.
Moving picture oparators (original) 3.00
Moving picture operators (renewal) 2.00
Moving picture operators (assistant) 1.00
Natatoriums and swimming pools 15.00
Omribuses, .public • 5.00
Operators of public motor vehicles (original) 2.00
Operators of public motor vehicles (re-
newal) 1.00
Pawnbrokers 1, 000.00
Peddlers— Basket 10.00
Coal, charcoal and coke 5.00
Fish (Thursdays and Fridays only) 15.00
Hand cart 25.00
Oil, per wagon 10.00
Pack 15.00
Wagon, each 50.00
Wood, per wagon 10.00
Plumbers, master or employing (renewal
$10.00) 60.00
Plumbers, journeymen 1.00
Public cart, automobile ("express") each.. 10.00
Public cart, horse-drawn ("express"), each 1.00
Public passenger horse-drawn vehicles (not
on stands) 5.00
Rendering tanks, each 20.00
Restaurants 15.00
Roofers wagon, each 10.00
Sale stable • 25.00
Saloon or dramshop 1,000.00
Scavengers, night 50.00
Scavengers, offal 100.00
Scavengers, private, per wagon 5.00
Second-hand dealers 60.00
Shooting galleries 26.00
Slaughtering, rendering, etc 300.00
Soap factories 150.00
Spotter 5.00
Tanneries 50.00
Tenders, boiler or water 1.00
Ticker 1.00
Undertakers 10.00
t'ndertekers' assistant (permit) 5.00
Vehicles, Horse-Drawn (Wheel Tax)—
One horse 6.00
Two horse 10.00
Three horse 15.00
Four horse 25.00
Six (or more) horse • 35.00
.Weighers, public 10.09
Workshops 2.09
Note— Further information relative to licenses
may be obtained by addressing James T. Igoe,
city clerk, rooms 107-8, city hall, phone main
447.
•Automobile and motor bicycle fees (state) as
above noted are for the calendar years 1918-1919.
DISTANCE OF VISIBILITY OF OBJECTS ON THE LAKES.
[From "List of Lights and Fog Signals" issued l.y the United States lighthouse board.]
Height,
Dlst.,
Height,
Dist.,
Height,
feet.
miles.
feet.
miles.
feet.
5
....2.96
55
... 9.81
110
10
....4.18
60
...10.25
120
15
....5.12
65
...10.67
130
20
5.92
70
...11.07
140
25
....6.61
75
...11.46
150
30
....7.25
80
...11.83
200
35
7.83
85
...12.20
250
40
....8.37
90
...12.55
300
45
8.87
95
...12.89
350
60
9.85
Ufc
...13.23 480
Dist.,
miles.
...13.87
...14.49
...15.08
...15.65
...16.20
...18.71
...20.92
...22.91
...24.75
Height,
feet.
450
500
550.
Height,
feet.
600
650
Dlst.,
miles.
,..32.40
...33.73
iOO 35.00
Height,
Dist.,
feet. miles.
800 37.42
900 39.69
l.COO 41.83
Dist.,
miles.
...28.06
...29.58
...31.02 i
The distances of visibility given in the above
table are those from which an object may be
seen by an observer whose eye is at the lake
level: in practice, therefore, it is necessary to
add to these a distance of visibility correspond-
ing to the height of the observer's eye above
Jake level.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 369
MALLEABLE IRON
AND STEEL CASTINGS
THE NATIONAL
MALLEABLE CASTINGS COMPANY
Cleveland Chicago Indianapolis Toledo
Sharon, Pa. Mel rose Park, III.
THE WESTERN FOUNDRY
COMPANY
Light Gray Iron Castings
3634 SO. KEDZIE AVENUE
CHICAGO
TELEPHONE McKlNLEY IOO.
970
ADVERTISEMENT.
Welfare Work of the Chicago Telephone Company
In the growth and development of large
business enterprises employing- thousands of
workers, welfare work has become a vital
factor in successful organization and ad-
ministration. »
The bulletin issued by the Committee on In-
dustrial Relations of the Chamber of Com-
merce of the United States, on the subject of
employment managers, says:
"Hitherto, executive control has been exer-
cised through three main divisions of man-
agement :
1. Finance — Usually in charge of the
treasurer.
2. Manufacturing — Sometimes in charge
of a general manager.
3. Sales — In charge of a sales manager.
"To thcst. general divisions of every indus-
trial enterprise, is now added a fourth, i. e..
tion of this company is so large, its welfare
work is supervised by a series of committees
composed of the active heads of the depart-
ments concerned.
The compan" believes that welfare work, or
perhaps "welfare interest," should concern it-
self with every influence in the business that
affects the comfort, the health, the content-
ment or the growth of the worker. This in-
cludes the question of wages, hours of work,
the working quarters and their appointments,
the training and education of workers, the en-
couragement of such healthful outside inter-
ests as seem to cpnnect naturally with the
business, and most important of all, the every-
day relations of bosses of all ranks with their
subordinates.
The basic principle of those in charge of the
Chicago Telephone Company's welfare work
Telephone Operators Enjoying Tennis on Court Near Telephone Office.
personnel, or, as it is called in these courses,
employment of service management. Under
the head of employment or service depart-
ments are gathered all those activities which
have to do with human relations — legislation,
safety, education, recreation, employment,
discipline, the wage system, pensions, eick
benefits, etc. Bringing all these matters to-
gether under one head and manning each sub-
section with specialists romes as near to
scientific indnstrialism as is possible."
The Chicago Telephone Company, as a part
of the Bell System, has recognized the value
and need of the department outlined in this
industrial bulletin. It has organized and car-
ried on its welfare work with the object of
covering-, in the most efficient manner possible,
every phas* «f the subject. As the org.'iniza-
is that of establishing a spirit, a tradition
throughout the whole working force. They
aim to (develop a feeling on the part of every
department head, big and little, that the well-
being and happiness of the workers under him
is one of his first responsibilities. They have
encouraged each person to feel that he or she
is of importance individually, and not a mere
impersonal cog in a big unfeeling- machine.
They want each one to like his job, which
may not be wrongly considered as a real jus-
tification for all welfare work.
Most of the influences which tend to make
the activity of the worker in industry a drudg-
ery are removable. Where they exist they are
due principally to the atmosphere in which he
works — the lack of any friendly interest in
him, the neglect of his personality. If his
ADVERTISEMENT.
971
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Continued.
chief is interested in him and what he is do-
ing-, and shows it in the way he gives him
orders, and even in the way he reproves him;
if he shows an interest in any private dif-
ficulties that may be bothering him, then bar-
ring some fundamental trouble, such as in-
sufficient wages, bad workrooms, etc., the
chances are ten to one that the worker will
be happy in his work. In putting its welfare
plan into operation the Chicago Telephone
Company had this conception of what it
wanted to accomplish. It believed that the more
it depended upon its existing org-anization to
carry out the program, the more effective the
results would be, and the more it had to
specialize and separate the more difficult it
would be to attain the desired ends. It is
true, however, that there must be a few
specialists devoting themselves exclusively to
some phases of welfare work. For example.
be of real help to them in handling1 problems
like that of the lineman previously described.
When they get together they make a good
team — the doctor supplying the information
and the sub-head the influence.
It is more or less evident that the head of a
small unit is really the best welfare worker.
The executive head of a big welfare depart-
ment such as that maintained by the Chicago
Telephone Company is of necessity a man of
broad vision, who initiates and establishes
many big- thing's for the well-being of em-
ployes, but the sum total of the little day by
day happenings, the way an order is given or
criticism made by the foreman of a crew of
linemen, or a chief operator, has a much
greater effect on the attitude of a subordinate
toward his work.
In other words, the welfare organization of
the Chicago Telephone Company must and
Typical Operators' Rest Room in Chicago Telephone Office.
the foreman of a crew of linemen cannot be
expected to know that the reason one of his
men loses so much time through rheumatism
is that he has an abscess at the root of a
tooth. The doctor in the Health Department
must be depended upon for that information.
On the other hand, because the doctor is often
a side line in a separate department, he is
greatly handicapped in carrying out his part
of the work, which is to cure the lineman
so that he can work regularly. The doctor is
long on information as to what the lineman
needs, but short on influence with him.
The company, after careful consideration of
the matter, decided that it was best to make
the Health Department a separate organiza-
tion. It was necessary, of course, to impress
employes with the value of a Health Depart-
ment, and gradually make them realize that
its function was to conserve their interests.
More and more the department sub-heads have
come <f> recognize that this department can
does secure the fullest co-operation of the
working forces. General policies are left with
the head of the welfare department, but it has
not been considered wise to take away what
may be termed the human relationship from
the foreman or superintendent. Those in
charge of the welfare work have found that
by putting- welfare problems entirely in the
hands of specialists they would find them-
selves in the same category ' with tho busy
man who puts all his Christianity up to his
pastor or priest so that he can devote his
time and attention to other things.
Among- the principal welfare efforts of the
Chicago Telephone Company the most import-
ant Is that covered by the Benefit Fund Plan.
This plan really Has a much longer title and
covers the payment of benefits during ab-
sences caused by sickness or accident, the pay-
ment of death benefits to the dependents or
deceased employes, and the payment of pen-
sions to employes retired because of old age or
ADVERTISEMENT.
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Continued.
complete disability. The plan is a uniform
one adopted by all of the Bell Telephone Com-
panies. The employes are not required to
make any contributions toward the expenses
involved.
For the Chicago Telephone Company the
operations of the plan are directed by a com-
mittee consisting: of five members, who are the
heads of various departments in which almost
all of the workers of the company are em-
ployed. The provisions of the plan are fully
described in a small booklet printed by the
company.
Sickness disability benefits are paid only to
employes who have had a record of two years
continuous service with the company, and the
length of the period for which full time or
half time payments are continued depends upon
the length of service. Benefits for disability
caused by accidents happening: in connection
The company physicians also make a physi-
cal examination of all applicants for employ-
ment in order to eliminate those physicahy
unfit for the work or who suffer from af-
flictions that would make them a menace to
others. However, the final authority for the
acceptance or rejection of an applicant is
vested in the man who is responsible for the
work to be done. The doctor's function is
simply to ascertain the facts and make recom-
mendations.
In dealing with the other phase of the work
of the Health Department — the giving1 of medi-
cal help and advice to employes — the greatest
tact and judgment are required, as those in
charge of this work are to a certain extent
breaking into the private affairs of the em-
ployes. To many it mig-ht seem simpler and
easier to order the man to the Health Depart-
ment, and to follow its advice or give up his
Baseball Team Composed of Chicago Telephone Employes Ready for Saturday
Afternoon Game.
with the work of the company are paid re-
gardless of the length of service of the em-
ploye. To be entitled to an old age pension
an employe must have had at least twenty
years of continuous service, and the amount of
the payments is based on the number of years
of service and on the average salary for the
last ten years of service. •
Closely associated with the Benefit Fund
Plan is the Health Department of the Chicago
Telephone Company. It is directed by the
same committee that administers the Benefit
Plan. The function of the Health Department
is the conservation of the bodies and physical
force of employes, the minimizing of loss of
working time through sickness, the saving of
lives and working efficiency through the dis-
covery of previously unrecognized sources of
trouble and through advice as to possible
means of cure or correction.
position, but if such methods were followed1
the Health Department would not be accepted
by the force as a friendly, helpful agency.
The Health Department is always ready to in-
dicate the necessary treatment, but does not
however, undertake to provide that treatment
except in the most simple cases. A man makea
his own arrangement with his family physician
or any physician that he may select, the company
doctor giving him such advice as he requests.
The staff of doctors in the Health Depart-
ment consists of a chief surgeon and assistant,
who care for all the accident cases, and four
physicians who care for the sickness cases and
examination of applicants. One of the four
is a woman, and deals only with woman appli-
cants or employes. In addition, two other
woman physicians are assigned exclusively to
the examination of applicants for positions as
telephone operators. When visits to sick em-
ADVERTISEMENT.
973
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Continued.
ployes at their homes are necessary they are
made by visiting: nurses or special workers
connected with the department in which the
employe works. These visitors call on the
company doctor to visit sick employes at home
only when. In their Judgment, it is necessary.
In a good many cases it is found that em-
ployes cannot get well unless they have care
and treatment which they are unable to pay
for, even with the help of the sick benefits.
Many of these cases are cared for through the
generosity of outside physicians and surgeons,
but in the main the help conies from two
funds established, one called the Loan Fund
and the other the Relief Fund. Both are ad-
ministered by committees similar to the ones
previously mentioned.
The Loan Fund is an attempt to beat the
loan shark game. There were hundreds of
cases where employes simply had to borrow
money from some one, and personal friends or
loan sharks were their only recourse. The
Loan Fund was established on April 1. 1912.
and the transactions were put on the basis of
a Ipan between friends and not on a business
basis, so.no interest or other fees were charged.
The idea was that repayments would be kept
up better if the loan were classed as a debt of
honor, and this plan has been more than
justified by the results.
Loans of any reasonable amount are made
to any employe who shows a real need. While
each loan must be approved by the commit-
tee, the direction of each case is always en-
tirely in the hands of the head of the bor-
rower's department. The cases of financial
entanglement that have been unklnked as much
by the chief's advice and help as by the money
loaned have been so numerous, and the sym-
pathy and understanding engendered have been
so great, that these effects are looked upon as
the most valuable feature of the plan, and
although the evil influence of the loan shark
has been greatly reduced by recent legislation
and the operation of the Morris Plan Bank,
the Chicago Telephone Company still continues
its Loan Fund.
Cases are frequently found where the use-
fulness of valuable employes is seriously af-
fected or destroyed by conditions which can be
met only by outright gifts of money. These
are mostly serious cases of illness, such aa
major operations and tuberculosis, which bring1
the employe face to face with the fact that
only a long and expensive course of sanitarium
or hospital treatment can save his life. Fre-
quently neither he nor his family can meet
the expense. To care for this situation the
Relief Fund was established, administered by
a committee to whose attention cases are
brought by the various department heads, the
visiting nurses, or the doctors of the Health
Department. Many employes are doing useful
work to-day whose lives have been saved by
this fund.
Five or six years ago physicians and visiting1
nurses of the Chicago Telephone Company be-
gan calling attention to the fact that many of
the company's young girls, particularly, were
unnecessarily slow in recovering from serious
illnesses or operations because the conditions
under which they had to pass through the
convalescent period were unfavorable. One of
the company's welfare workers requested that
she be allowed to rent a house in a suburban
town and undertake the care of a few girls
during convalescence. This was done, and it
was at once so evident that a real need was
being- met that the next year a larger house
was rented, and two years ago the comnany
purchased about forty acres of land in DuPaere
county and ' built an attractive and well
equipped home which accommodates about
thirty girls. Here there was good country
food, largely grown on the place, and under a
routine not strict but requiring1 regular habits
a great many emaciated girls have been trans-
formed into healthy and happy ones.
Much has been written about the strain
in industry, particularly as it affects woman
workers, giving the idea that the more or less
continuous use of body and mind is not the
normal life of many women. The number of
workers in the telephone business, or in al-
most all other modern industries, who are
physically injured by the work they perform
is so small as to be negligible. This applies
of course to the strain of fatigue, or fatigue
effects, and not to accidents, poisonings, etc.,
that occur in certain hazardous occupations.
The Chicago Telephone Company's physicians
have studied many cases of nervous break-
down, generally rundown conditions, and other
superficially diagnosed conditions usually at-
tributed to overwork, and invariably they
come to the conclusion that there is some
underlying cause, such as neglected infec-
tions, goiter, bad living conditions, home wor-
ries, etc. It is safe to say that most of the
workers who have broken down would have
done so all the earlier had they not been em-
ployed, and the hours devoted to their daily
work had a better effect on their physical and
mental condition than did any other of their
waking: hours. With some of them sleeping
hours could be included.
There are certain features of welfare work
of the Chicago Telephone Company which are
indicative of the welfare spirit that may be
passed over with a mere mention, not because
they are unimportant but because they are
so "generally accepted, and there is so little
difference in the practice of most employers.
These features include such things as good
workrooms, restrooms, lunchrooms, toilet
room arrangements, drinking water supply,
all things affecting the comfort and health
of employes, and schools and courses of train-
ing new employes and increasing the value and
earning capacity of old ones. In connection
with lunchrooms, the Chicago Telephone Com-
pany follows a practice that differs from that
of most employers, as it furnishes operators
a simple lunch for which no charge is made.
The Chicago Telephone Company pays care-
ful attention to Safety First work and with
the exception possibly of the work of its
linemen, who are few in number, there are
not many hazards in the conduct of its busi-
ness. The company has no special safety or-
ganization, but is constantly bringing before
its people the need of carefulness, and every
foreman and man in authority has drilled into
him the realization that he is responsible for
the safety of his men, even more than for that
of his tools and materials.
Activities which tend to promote acquaint-
ance and friendliness among fellow employes
are encouraged by the Chicago Telephone Com-
pany. The employes organize company and
departmental baseball teams, bowling teams,
tennis leagues, musical organizations, garden
associations, etc. Many of these organizations
are entirely independent of the company sup-
port. Others depend wholly or in part on the
company for financial support, meeting places,
etc. In some form or other, however, they
generally desire official recognition by the com-
pany, which is accorded by another commit-
tee, in which all the departments concerned
are represented. The committee does not en-
courage any club or association for which there
does not seem to be a spontaneous demand
among the employes.
The Chicago Telephone Company has found
welfare work a paying investment in every
sense of the word, and its experience has
shown that in order to give efficient service
to the public it must have a force of effi-
cient, healthy and contented employes.
97 -t
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1910.
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
S.
9.
10.
11.
12.
14.'
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
L'O.
21.
•22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
. Name.
William B. Ogden
Buckner S. Morris
Benjamin W. Raymond
Alexander Lloyd
Francis C. Sherman...
Benjamin W. Kuymoud
Augustus Garrett
Alson S. Sherman
Augustus Garrett
John P. Chapln
James Curtiss
James H. Woodworth.
James H. Woodworth.
James Curtiss
Walter S. Gurnee
Walter S. Gurnee
Charles M. Gray
Isaac L. Milliken
Levi D. Boone
Thomas Dyer
John Wentworth ,.
John C. Halnes
John C. Haines
John Wentworth
Julian S. Rumsey
Francis C. Sherman...
Francis C. Sherman*..
John B. Rice
MAYORS OF CHICAGO.
Their politics and order and year of election.
Party.
Elected. Died.
Democratic... 1837 1877
Whig 1838 1879
Whig 1839 1883
Democratic... 1840 1872
.Democratic... 1841 1870
.Democratic... 1842 1883
.Democratic... 1843 1848
. Democratic ... 1844 1903
.Democratic... 1845 1848
.Whig 1846 1864
.Democratic... 1847 1860
.Dem.-Whig.. .1848 1869
.Dem.-Whig. ..1849 1869
.Democratic... 1850 1860
.Democratic... 1851 1903
.Democratic... 1852 1903
.Democratic... 1853 1885
.Democratic ... 1854 1889
.Knownothing.1855 1882
.Democratic... 1856 1862
.Rep.-Fusion...l857 188S
.Republican ... 1858 }896
.Republican... 1859 1896
.Republican. ..I860 1888
.Republican . . .1861 188*
.Democratic... 1862 1870
.Democratic... 1863 1870
.Republican. ...1865 1874
No. Name.
29. John B. Rice
30. Roswell B. Mason.
31. Joseph Medill
32. Harvey D. Colvin..
33. Thomas Hoyne
34. Monroe Heath Republican. ...1876
35. Monroe Heath Republican.. ..1877
36. Carter H. Harrison, Sr .Democratic... 1879
37. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic... 1881
38. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic...l883
39. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic... 1885
40. John A. Roche Republican.... 1887
41. DeWitt C. Cregier Democratic... 1889
42. Hempstead Washburne.Republican 1891
43. Carter H. Harrison, Sr.Democratic... 1893
44. John P. Hopkins Democratic... 1893
45. George B. Swift Republican.. ..1895
46. Carter H. Harrison, JrDemocratic...l897
47. Carter H. Harrison, Jr.Democratic... 1899
48. Carter H. Harrison, Jr.Democratic... 1901
49. Carter H. Harrison, Jr.Democratic... 1903
50. Edward F. Dunne Democratic... 1905
61. F'ed A. Busset Republican... 1907
52. Carter H. Harrison, Jr. Democratic... 1911
53. William H. Thompson. Republican... 1$15
•Two-year terms for mayor began in
Party. Elected.Diea.
.Republic-all.. ..1867 1874
People's 1869 1892
.Citizens'! 1871 1899
People's 1873 1892
.Republican.. ..1875 1894
1894
1894
1893
1893
1893
1893
1904
1898
1918
1893
1918
1912
t''Fireproof" ticket.
began In 1907.
1914
1863.
JFour-year terms for major
CHICAGO CITY TREASURERS SINCE 1837.
Hiram Pearsons 1837-1838
George W. Dole 1839
Walter S. Gurnee.. 1840, 1843-1844
N. H. Bolles 1840-1841
Wm. L. Church.1845-1846,1848-1849
Andrew Getzler 1847
Edward Manierre 1850-1853
Uriah P. Harris 1854
William F. DeWolf 1855
O. J. Rose 1856
C. N. Holden 1857
Alonzo Harvey 1858-1860
Charles H. Hunt 1860
W. H. Rice 1861-1862
David A. Gage.1863-1864, 1869-1873
A. G. Throop 1865-1866
Willard F. Wentworth.. 1867-1869
Daniel O' Hara 1873-1875
Clinton Briggs 1876
Charles R. Larrabee — 1877-1878
William C. Seipp 1879-1881
Rudolph Brand 1881-1883
John 'M. Dunphy 1883-1885
William M. Devine 1885-1887
C. Herman Plnntz 1887-1889
Bernard Roesing 1889-1891
Peter Kiolbassa 1891-1893
M. J. Bransfield 1893-1895
Adam Wolf 1895-1897
Ernst Hummel 1897-1899
Adam Ortselfen. 1899-1901,1903-1905
Charles F. Gunther 1901-1903
Frederick W. Blockl 1905-1907
John E. Traeger 1907-1909
Isaac N. Powell 1909-1911
Henry Stuckart 1911-1913
Michael J. Flynn 1913-1915
Charles H. Sergei 1915-1917
Clayton F. Smith 1917-1919
Shadrach Bond, Dem.,.. 1818-1822
Edward Coles, Dem 1822-1826
Ninian Edwards. Dem... 1826-1830
John Reynolds, Dem 1830-1834
Wm.L. D. Ewing,* Dem.1834-1834
Joseph Duncan, Whig... 1834-1838
Thomas Carlin. Dem 1838-1842
Thomas Ford, iDem 1842-1846
Augustus C.French. Dem. 1846-1853
Joel A. Matteson. Dem.. 1853-1857
Wm. H. Bissell.t Rep. .1857-1860
John Wood, Rep 1860-1861
GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS.
Richard Tates. Rep 1861-186E
Richard J.Oglesby, Rep.1865-1869
John M. Palmer.t Rep.. 1869-1 873
Richard J.Oglesby, Rep. 1873-1873
John L. Beveridge, Rep. 1873-1877
Shelby M. Cullom.S Rep.1877-1883
John M. Hamilton, Rep. 1883-1885
Richard J.Oglesby, Rep.1885-1889
Joseph W. Fifer, Rep... 1889-1893
John P. Altgeld. Dem... 1893-1897
John R. Tanner, Rep... 1897-1901
Richard Yates, Jr., Rep.1901-1905
Charles S. Deneen, Rep. 1905-1909
Charles S. Deneen, Rep,1909-1913
Edward F. Dunne, Dem. 1913-1917
Frank O. Lowden. Rep.. 1917-1921
•Served only fifteen days, com-
pleting Reynolds' term. tDied
In office; succeeded by John
Wood. JDemoerat after 1872.
SElecteri United States senator:
succeeded by John M. Hamilton.
DISTANCES IN CHICAGO.
FROM MADISON STREET SOUTH.
Twelfth street. 1 mile.
Twenty-Second street. 2 miles.
Thirty-First street. 3 miles.
Thirty-Ninth street. 4 miles.
Forty-Seventh street. 5 miles.
Fifty-Fifth street. 6 miles.
Sixty-Third street. 7 milos.
Seventy-First street. 8 miles.
Seventy-Ninth street. 9 miles.
Eighty-Seventh street. 10 miles.
Ninety-Fifth street. 11 miles.
One Hundred and Tliird street. 12 miles.
One Hundred and Eleventh street. 13 miles.
One Hundred and Nineteenth street, 14 miles.
One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh street, 15 miles.
City limits. 16% miles.
FROM MADISON STREET NORTH.
Chicneo avenue. 1 mile.
North avenne. 2 miles.
Fullerton avenue. 3 miles.
Belmnnt nv>niip. 4 miles.
Irving Park boulevard, 5 miles.
Lawrence avenne, 6 miles.
Bryn Mawr avenue. 7 miles.
Devon avenue. 8 miles.
Touhy avenue. 9 miles.
City limits. 9% miles.
FROM STATE STREET WEST.
Halsted street. 1 mile.
Ashland boulevard. 2 miles.
Western avenue. 3 miles.
Kedzle avenue. 4 miles.
Crawford avenne, 5 miles.
Cicero avenue, 6 miles.
Central avenue. 7 miles.
Ridseland avenue. 8 milos.
City limits (west on North avenue). 9 miles.
FROM STATE STREET EAST.
To lake on 22d street. % mile.
To Cottage Grove avenue on ilst street, ~'x mile.
To Cottage Grove avenue south of 39th street, 1
mile.
To Stony Island avenue on 5">tli. 2 miles.
To Yates avenue, south of 71st street. 3 mile*.
ADVERTISEMENT.
975
CHICAGO
SURFACE LINES
THE MOST EXTENSIVE STREET CAR
TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
MORE THAN 1,025 MILES OF TRACK
OVER 3,000,000 CASH AND TRANSFER
PASSENGERS DAILY
OVER 1,000,000,000 PASSENGERS
LAST YEAR
976
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE CHICAGO SURFACE LINES
INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING PROPERTIES:
CHICAGO RAILWAYS COMPANY
CHICAGO CITY RAILWAY COMPANY
SOUTHERN STREET RAILWAY COMPANY
AND THE
CALUMET AND SOUTH CHICAGO
RAILWAY COMPANY
THE COMBINED SERVICE PROVIDES
RAPID AND CONVENIENT TRANSPORTATION
TO ALL PARTS OF CHICAGO
172 LINES.
575 TRANSFER POINTS
THE MOST LIBERAL TRANSFER SYSTEM KNOWN
CHICAGO SURFACE LINES
ADVERTISEMENT.
977
Some Interesting Figures
In 1907, when the traction problems were solved
by the adoption of th,e so-called "Settlement Ordi-
nances" (after the entire question had been submitted
to a referendum vote of the residents of .Chicago), a.
value was established by the city of Chicago for the
properties as they then existed. That valuation,
which was more than $30,000,000 below "the value
claimed by the companies, arbitrarily disregarded
many millions of capital that had actually been in-
vested in their securities.
To this 1907 valuation the city has permitted the
companies to add the amounts actually expended on
capital account when authorized and certified by the
Board of Supervising Engineers. These expenditures,
covering track extensions and additions to equipment,
brought the total purchase price as of January 31,
1918, to $155,201,388. This represented the figure
at which the city might have taken over the proper-
ties if it chose to exercise the right at that date.
The companies pay to the city of Chicago for the
privilege of operating their cars in the streets 55 per
cent of their net receipts annually. This has amounted
in eleven years to over $24,000,000.
Like other corporations, the Surface Lines have
borne their share of taxation, this item aggregating
nearly $12,000,000 in the last eleven years. In addi-
tion the companies have been required under the
ordinances to contribute in purely public benefits
which were no legitimate part of the cost of trans-
portation a further sum approximating $15,000,000,
on account of paving, maintaining paving and clean-
ing and sprinkling right of way.
The total payments on account of these
various forms of public benefits, including
taxes, exceed $45,000,000.
978
ADVERTISEMENT.
Suggestions for Visitors.
Chicago, aside from its importance as a great business center,
has numerous attractions which make it the ideal vacation city,
and its location cm the shores of Lake Michigan justifies its rec-
ognition as the ideal s-ummer resort.
The Surface Lines offer the most convenient transportation in
Chicago. An interesting folder with a map of the sight-seeing
district can be had on application to room 804, the Borland
building, corner Monroe and LaSaUe streets.
Here ar« a few suggestions to the visitor who desires to be-
come acquainted with some of Chicago's1 attractions and for the
general information of thos<e who would like to have a more com-
prehensive idea of what to see and how to see it.
NEW MUNICIPAL PIER— Here is one of Chicago's newest and
greatest wonders — a great recreation center and a steamboat land-
ing extending 3,000 feet into the lake and costing about $5,000,-
000. Here one may enjoy the cooling breezes; of Lake Michigan
while getting an expansive view ctf the city's sky line. There
are many attractions on the pier itself during the season, in-
cluding observation towers, board walk, children's playground1,
open air and inclosed restaurants, public dining room lor pic-
nickers and immense freight and passenger boat terminals. No
c«ne should miss thisi trip. Take through route Not. 1 car1 in
Wabash avenue, State street car in State street, Broadway car
in Dearborn or Randolph street, Clark street or through route
No. 22 car in Clark street, or Lincoln avenue car in LaSatle
street; ride north to Grand avenue and transfer east to the lake.
Cars operate on the pier.
CLARENDON BATHING BEACH— This municipal enterprise
is one of the newest attractions' in Chicago. It is owned and
operated by the city and should be visited by every one. Costly
buildings beautify the premises. Ten thousand bathers can use
the beach at one time, and even if one does not care to "take a
dip" a pleasant afternoon can be spent here. Take through route
No. 1 car in Wabash avenue or B'roadwa-y car in Dearborn or
Randolph street, ride nortih to Sunnyside avenue and waik east
to the lake.
CHICAGO'S GREAT ZOO— No collection of animals in the
United States is more complete or interesting than the one in
•Lincoln park. Here are 1,700 specimens which are a continual
source of delight to children and grownups alike. One cannot
visit the "Zoo" too often. Take through route No. 1 car in
Wabash avenue, Clark street or through route No. 22 car in
Clark street, Broadway car in Dearborn or Randolph street, or
Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle street, ride north to main entrance
of Lincoln park at Center street.
CHICAGO'S WONDERFUL PARKS.
DOUGLAS PARK— Has many attractions, such as athletic
field, flower gardens, boating facilities and natatorium. Take
12th street car in Dearborn or Adams' street, or Ogden avenue
car in State or Randolph street, ride west to park at 12th street
and California avenue.
GARFIELD PARK— Has? many attractions, including flower
gardens, boating facilities, public golf course, largest conserva-
_, tory in the United States, several statues. Take ,_^_
Madison street car in Ma'dison street to park en-
trance at Central Park avenue.
ADVERTISEMENT.
979
CHICAGO PARKS— Continued
HUMBOLDT PARK— Offers facilities for boating and other
recreation and has some attractive statues. Take Division street
car in State or Washington street and ride west to park at
terminus of line.
JACKSON PARK— One of Chicago's most beautiful E-pcts, on
part of which was located the World's Columbian Exposition in
1893. Here are splendid boating, facilities, a bathing beach, two
public golf courses, Field museum, flower gardens, government
life saving statiota and LaRabida sanitarium. Take Jackson park
car or Stony Island-93d car in Wabash avenue to "Midway" at
59th street.
LINCOLN PARK— One of the city's most interesting attrac-
tions. See Zoo with 1,700 animals, Academy of Sciences*, bathing
beach and golf course near Diversey boulevard, conservatory,
flower gardens, boating and other recreation facilities; also the
world famous Saint Gaudens statue of Abraham) Lincoln. Take
through route No. 1 car in Wabash avenue, Clark street or
through route No. 22 car in Clark street, Broadway car in Dear-
born street or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle street, ride north
to main entrance of park at Center street.
WASHINGTON PARK— Offers facilities for boating and other
recreation. Take through route No. 3 car in Wabash avenue and
ride south to terminus at park, or take Cottage Grove car • in
Wabash avenue and ride south to 55th street entrance.
OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES— A noted museum of natural his-
tory having many interesting specimens. Open from 9 a. m. to
5 p. m. daily and 1 p. m. to 5 p. m. Sundays. Free. Take
through route No. 1 car in Wabash avenue, or Clark street or
through route No. 22 car in Clark street, or Broadway car in
Dearborn street, or Lincoln avenue car in LaSalle street, ride
north to Lincoln park entrance at Clark and Center streets.
FIELD MUSEUM— One erf Chicago's "seven wonders" is this
costly collection of natural history material gathered from the-
remotest corners of the world. Its present home in Jackson park
was the Fine Arts building of the World's Columbian Exposition
of J85?3. A permanent building to house this great institution .is
being erected on Grant park at a cost of $4,000,000. The museum
is ooen to visitors 9 a. m. to 4 p .m. daily — free on Saturdays and
Sundays. Take Jackson park or Stony Island-93d car in Wabash
avenue to 57th street and Stony Island avenue and wailk east to-
ward the lake.
CUBS' PARK — Home grounds of Chicago's National league
team. Take Clark street or through route No. 22 car in Clark
street and ride north to entrance at Addison street.
SOX PARK — Home grounds of Chicago's representative in the
American Baseball league may be reached by taking Wentworth
avenue or through route No. 2 or No. 22 car in Clark street.
Ride south to 35th street and walk one block west to park en-
HAYMARKET SQUARE-This largest market for truck gar-
den produce was the site o£ the anarchist riot in 1886. The
activity of this place any weekday morning is1 worth watching.'
Take Ogden avenue car in State, Randolph or Lake street, and
ride west to Desplaines street. Or take Madison
street car west as far as Desplaines street and
walk north two blocks to Randolph streef. A stroll
for several blocks west through the market will he
interesting.
980
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO DEATH ROLL.
Dec. 1, 1917, to Dec. 1, 1918.
Abbey. Charles (1865). lawyer. May 21. Campbell, James B. (1858). publisher, Juno
Afield. Mrs. Helen W. (1846). teacher and
artist. July 3.
Ahrens, John P. (1851). lawyer. Jan. .'Jl.
Albright. William F., music dealer, April 8.
Almy, Miles (1831). realty dealer, in Pasa-
dena, Cal., March 25.
Amberg, William A., stationer, at Mackinac
island. Sept. 5.
Ames. Franklin (1845). department manager,
Jan. 20.
Anderson, David S. (1848). telegraph office
manager, June 3.
Andrews, Wells (1853). physician, July 3.
Angle. Harrison M. (1867), manufacturer.
April 26.
Arend. William N. (1832). architect. Sept. 23.
Ashley. James H. (1880). bank cashier, in
Hinsdale, Sept. 26.
Ayres, Mrs. Sarah F. (1827). Feb. 20.
Baer, Bernard
Jan. 8.
P. (1860), police captain.
Baird. Frank T. (1846), musician, in Aurora,
111.. April 13.
Baird. William H. (1851). real estate dealer.
Sept. 7.
Barber. Charles (1885). military instructor.
Oct. 8.
Barnum, Mrs. Mary (1833), May 8.
Barrett. Charles Cook (1855). paint dealer.
near Rockford, 111.. Oct. 6.
Barrett. William H. (1850), manufacturer, in
Jacksonville, Fla.. March 6.
Bartels, William (1843), realty dealer. March
Bartiett, Martha A. (1847), July 18.
Baumgartner. Johannes (1878), clergyman,
Jan. 13.
Beach. James A. (1889). civil war veteran.
Feb. 4.
Beers. Michael LeFevre. architect, in Kansas
City, Mo.. Aug. 5.
Best. Henry (1840), former Circuit court
clerk, in Los Angeles. Cal., June 28.
Billingslea, Edward L. (1868), iron merchant.
May 16.
Bixby, Mrs. Francis P.. April 20.
Blake. Henry H.^ (1838). newspaper man,
Aug. 31.
Blaurock, Frank R. (1855), dealer in iron and
steel, Jan. 15.
Blauvelt. Albert (1856), insurance manager.
near Nashville, Tenn.. Jan. 4.
Bolan. William J. (1859), manufacturer,
April 3.
Borden. John (1825), capitalist. Jan. 28.
Bowman. William S. (1870). dairyman, Aug.
10.
Braun, Ferdinand (1850), scientist, in Brook-
lyn. N. Y., April 21.
Brecher, Gustave A. (1866). business man.
April 25.
Brewster. Marshall M. (1838), former judge,
in Hubbard Woods. June 8.
Brooke. Firman C. (1843), druggist. April 17.
Brooks, Wilson, secretary. Oct. 9.
Broomell. George D. (1832). educator. Nov.
30. 1917.
Brown. Hiram L. (1846). inventor, July 14.
Brown, Mrs. M. Elizabeth, June 7.
/Brown, Richard H. (1862), physician, March
/ 12.
Browning. Quincy E., coal dealer, Feb. 4.'
Bryan. Charles Page (1855). diplomat, in
Washington. D. C.. March 12.
Buchanan. Hume (1849). salesman, Feb. 20.
Bullock. Mrs. Mary A. (1838). hymn writer.
Feb. 6.
Bullock. John J. (18,50). advertising agent.
May 17.
Burke, Edmund W. (1847). jurist. Sept. 7.
Burns. William J. (1879). detective. Feb. 2.
Burres. Joseph R. (1860). lawyer, Jan. 6.
Cabrini. Mother Xavier (1850). philanthro'
pist Dec 2** 1917
Cameron. Dpniel R. (1836), stationery manu-
' facturer, in Altadena, Cal.. June 26.
Carpenter, Newton H. (1853). business mana-
ger Art institute, in Glen Ellyn, May 28.
Cusserly, Joseph D., veteran fireman. May 7.
Castle. George (1850), theater manager, in
Miami. Fla.. Dec. 29, 1917.
Champion, Theron J. (1866), newspaper man.
at West Palm Beach, Fla., July 23.
Champlin. Henry C. (1844), board of trade
operator, in Los Angeles, Cal., May 20.
Chapman, Walter (1855), grain broker, June 7.
Chapman, William O. (1864). writer, Aug.
Chatfleld-Taylor. Mrs. Hobart C., in Santa
Barbara, Cal., April 5.
Chinlund, Charles G. (1850). publisher, June 9.
Clanton. Solomon T. (1854). educator. May
18.
Clapp, Ozro W. (1830). former grain broker.
April 5.
Clark, John M. (1836), pioneer business man,
in Marion, Mass., Aug. 6.
Clark, Mrs. Sarah D.. mission worker. Jan. 29.
Clement, Austin (1842). manufacturer. March
30.
Cody, Mrs. Philomela E. (1827), Illinois pio-
neer, April 20.
Coles, Mrs. Ella Reid, teacher. May 1.
Corby, Martin J., merchant, in Los Angeles.
Cal., Feb. 4.
Corkhill. John J.. broker, June 6.
Cram. Nathan D. (1859). educator, in Boston.
Mass., March 4.
Craton. John (1834). pioneer. May 28.
Crawford. Mrs. Harriet L.. April 20.
Cregier, DeWitt Clinton (1865), custodian of
police property. Aug. 4.
Crilly, William M. (1852). contractor. Aug.
27.
Crimmins. D. J. (1863). priest. Aug. 8.
Crittenden, Helen M.. social worker. Aug. 15.
Cross, Henry H. (1838). artist, April 2.
Cummings, John J. (1865), manufacturer.
May 4.
Curtis. Olin A. (1851). theologian, in Leonia.
N. J., Jan. 8.
Cutter. Henry W. K. (1849). business man.
at Lake Geneva. Wis., Aug. 4.
Damez. James (1848), manufacturer, July 10.
Danks. George S. (1870). banker. June 30.
Davies. Henry T. (1851). realty dealer.
March 21. . •
Dawson. Thomas J. (1868). lawyer, July 6.
Deering. Mrs. Clara H. (1835). at Cocoanut
Grove. Fla., May. 25.
Dods, George D. B., physician, at Valmore,
N. M., Jan. 9.
Donahoe. Patrick A., assistant fire marshal.
May 30.
Donlin, William J. (1859). attorney. Oct. 5.
Douglas. George L. (1853), attorney, in
Evanston, Oct. 20.
Drake, Lauren J. (1846), oil company of-
ficial, Oct. 10.
Dreye.r, Edward S. (1845), banker, June 21.
Driver, John M. (1856). clergyman. June 5.
Dudley, Oscar L. (1845), educator and civil
war veteran, in Bangor, Mich., May 3.
Dunlap, Robert, attorney, June 10.
Dyrenforth, Mrs. Philip C., in Pasadena, Cal.,
May 27.
Eastman. Francis A. (1836), city statistician
and former postmaster. April 5.
Eberts, Fred C. (1874), theater manager.
Jan. 24.
-Eddy, Alfred D. (1846). lawyer. Oct. 3.
Edwards. Harry L., lawyer, at North Chicago,
Jan. 18.
Elbogen. Maximilian, manufacturing jeweler,
July 16.
Elder, Robert S. (1841), realty dealer, Jan.
18.
Ellingrer. Albert (1861), merchandise mana-
ger, Jan. 23.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
981
J. L. REGAN, President
C. S. PETERSON, Treasurer
WE NEVER SLEEP
PRINTERS and BOOKBINDERS
ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE
PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING
ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE WEST
523-537 PLYMOUTH COURT
CHICAGO, ILL.
TELEPHONE— ALL DEPARTMENTS— HARRISON 6280
SWINEHART
TIRES
are as good as can be made.
Our Ideal Cellular Truck Tire
has features not possessed by
any other tire made — 40% more
resiilient, 50% more durable than
the ordinary type and absolutely
NON-SKID.
The Swinehart Pneumatics are
guaranteed for 5,000 miles and
generally run many more.
Compare Swinehart guaranteed
cast per mile with that of other
reputable makes.
THE SWINEHART TIRE & RUBBER CO,
(Chicago Branch — 1328 Michigan Ave.)
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Etnrich. Myer S.. attorney. Oct. 9.
Evens, William (1835), commission mer-
chant, AUK. 31.
Faircm'ld, Elijah S. (1834), clergyman, Feb. C.
Faulkner. Mrs. Samuel (1833). July 19.
Feigrh. Thomas (1826), mine owner, Oct. 26.
Fergus, Mrs. Ellen (1852). July 15.
Fitzwilliam, Mrs. Sarah R. (1842). Jan. 01.
Flavin. Michael D. (1849), marble cutter.
June 18.
Florsheim, Augustus (1840), merchant, Jan. 6.
Flynn, Michael A., P9stoffice official, July 15.
Ford, George L. (1825). former justice of
the peace. Feb. 16.
Foster, Mrs. Marguerite A. (1839), March 21.
Fuller, Henry C., treasurer. May 24.
Fulton. Henry A. (1851). business man. in
Hinsdale, Feb. 16.
Gage. Frank N. (1863), realty dealer, Jan. 23.
Gerould. Frank W.. business man, June 10.
Gindele. Ferdinand V. (1842). contractor,
Aug. 7.
Glaser. Mrs. Etta R.. charity worker, Feb. 10.
Goodnow, C. A., railroad official, in Seattle,
Wash., July 27.
Goodrich, Adams A. (1849). lawyer, in Jer-
seyville. 111.. May 18.
Goodrich. Mrs. Elizabeth McKay (1874),
Sept. 10.
Goodrich, Latimer. banker, March 2.
Gourley, Arthur (1842). lumberman. May 8.
Graham. John M. (1834). banker, Sept. 27.
Gray. Albert S. (1864). physician. Dec. 17.
1917.
Grimes. John P. (1876), physician, in Mur-
physboro. 111.. March 14.
Gunderson, Emily C. (1839), Aug. 28.
Hall. Frank (1851), hotel owner. April 12.
Hall. Henry, auditor, in Evanston. April 21.
Hallam, Miss Mary E. (1838). saleswoman,
April 3.
Hanreddy, Joseph (1864), contractor, April 9.
Hardick, Mrs. Ellen J., teacher, March 4.
Harpham. Edwin L. (1859). teacher and law-
yer. June 20.
Harris, George B. (1848). railroad president,
June 10.
Harris. George J. (1856). railroad official.
July 24.
Harvey. Mrs. Joel D.. pioneer, in Geneva. 111..
July 22.
Hatch, Samuel G. (1865), railway official,
July 12.
Haven, Albert C. (1858). physician, in Lake
Forest. Jan. 3.
Hazelton. William C. (1832), officer in civil
war. May 14.
Heidelmeier, Max (1845), police officer, Sept.
30.
Heile. Adolph (1842). realty dealer, in Miami,
Fla., Feb. 26.
Helmer, Elizabeth K. (1833). in Wheaton.
111.. May 9.
Herzog, Maximilian (1869), pathologist, Aug. 9.
Hesing. Mrs. Washington (1844). July 4.
Hews, Howard (1866). court official. March
14.
Higgins, Edward M. (1860). wheat expert
Feb. 15.
Hill. Claude C. (1860). railway official. Jan.
Hines. Edward, Jr., first lieutenant, U. S A.
in France. June 4.
Hirschl. Samuel D.. lawyer. Sept. 21.
Hitt. Andrew J. (1849), railroad official. Aug 8
Hobson. Benjamin L. (1859). clergyman. July
Hogan, Redmond (1867), postal superintend-
ent, June 7.
Holbrook, E. A. (1847). railroad official, in
Muskegon. Mich., July 25.
Holding. Melville G. (1857), civil service com-
missioner. March 2.
Holmes. Henry (1836), merchant and agent,
Jan. 26.
Hopkins, John P. (1858), former mayor. Oct.
13.
Hotz, Robert S. (1870), real estate dealer.
Aug. 25.
Houghteling. Francis S. (1878). in Winnetka.
Oct. 18.
Hubbaid. Sara A. (1832). author, in East
Berkshire, Vt.. July 31.
Hughes. Charles (1854), attorney. Sept. 1.
Hunter, W. H., editor, in Minneapolis, M.im.,
April 22.
Hutchinson, Arthur C. (1855). manufacturer.
July 21.
Hutchinson. W. A. (1847). former postmas-
ter, in Oak Park. Jan. 15.
Ingalls, E. Fletcher (1848), physician, April
30.
James, Alexander C. (1855). auditor, April 8.
Jenkins, John E. (1850), merchant. Aug. 30.
Jenks, Ansou B. (1835). lawyer, in Asheville.
N. C.. Jan. 12.
Johnson, Aleck E. (1840), publisher, in New
York. N. Y., June 12.
Johnson, Charles E. (1870). reporter. May 13.
Johnson, Sidney B. (1829). board of trade
member. May 18.
Johnson. T. (1851), manufacturer, July 2.
Jones. Jenkin Lloyd (1844). clergyman, at
Spring Green, Wis., Sept. 12.
Karpen. Isaac (1865). manufacturer, Oct. 26.
Keep. William F. (1844). capitalist, in Santa
Barbara, Cal.. May 27.
Kennedy. Elizabeth M., teacher. March 14.
Kerfoot, Mrs. Susan B., Oct. 8.
Kerfoot. William D. (1837). realty dealer.
Jan. 5.
Kerr, Robert J. (1872), lawyer, in the City of
Mexico, Aug. 18.
Kimbark, Marie K., June 4.
King, Mrs. Julia L. (1837). in Pasadena, Cal..
April 22.
Kohlsaat, Christian C. (1844). judge. May 11.
Liebrandt, Fred (1843). former deputy sher-
iff, March 12.
Lamb. Benjamin R. (1860). banker and
broker. March 30.
Lamb, Frederick R.. civil war veteran. July
27
Lampert, Nelson N. (1872), banker, in Excel-
sior Springs, Mo.. Oct. 30.
Lamson. Mrs. Martha B. (1850). April 13.
Lansing. Odelle E. (1867). botanist, Sept. 10.
Larned. Edward C., in Bordeaux, France, Oct.
11.
Latham, Harry H. (1859), manfacturer, Oct. 9.
LeDuc, Alphonse (1845), veteran, Oct. 3.
Lehmann. Mrs. Augusta (1854). Nov. 16.
LeMoyne, John V. (1828), attorney, in Balti-
more. Md.. July 27.
Leonard. Raymond L. (1850). physician. Oct.
19.
Linard. Frank W. (1855). contractor, Jan. 4.
Lincoln, George E.. business manager, Feb. 18.
Linscott, A. N. (1835), attorney, in Thomas-
ton, Me., March 19.
Lloyd, Henry R. (1850). railway official,
April 12.
Long. John H. (1856). educator, in Evaneton.
June 14.
Lorimer. Mrs. William (1863). Aug. 30.
Luce, Frank M. (1846), -railroad official, Jan.
nd. Charles D., dentist, July 31.
Lydon, Wm. A. (1863). yachtsman. Oct. 28.
Malm. Lawrence (1880). reporter. Jan. 6.
Martin, Mrs. Sarah (1841), March 17.
M'assman. John (1839). physician. Aug. 12.
Maury. L.' G. (1894). physician. Oct. 24.
McCalla. Albert1 (1846). microscopist. June 6.
McCarthy. James A. (1865). priest. May 23.
McGovern, John (1850), writer. Dec. 17,
3917.
Mflnt.vre. Moses D., business man. Oct. 29.
McKay. Dalas D. (1844). retired business
mnn. April 27.
MoKinlock. William H. (1860). manufacturer,
March 11.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 983
Capacity 4,000 Barrels Per Day
B. A. Eckhart Milling Co.
B. A. Eckhart, Pres. and Treas.
T. W. Brophy, Jr., Secretary
Merchant Millers
1300 to 1332 Carroll Avenue
From Elizabeth Street to Ada Street
Our mill is the finest equipped and one of the largest in the work..
We are producing daily 4,000 barrels of the very highest grades of
flour that can be manufactured from Hard Spring Wheat, Hard Win-
ter Wheat, Soft Winter Wheat and Rye.
B. A. Eckhart's "Daddy Dollar" Patent Flour
Cable address "Eckhart"
Charles W. I-lmes. Carleton L. times.
t
CHARLES F. ELMES
ENGINEERING WORKS
Established 1861. Incorporated 1895.
HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PUMPS
AND ACCUMULATORS.
SPECIAL MACHINERY.
WOOD PATTERNS.
PAPER LIFTS.
MACHINERY REPAIRS.
MORGAN AND FULTON STS., CHICAGO
Telephone Haymarket 696 to All Departments.
984
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
McLean. Hector, hotel manager, near Cascade,
Col.. Jan. 36.
McManus. James M. (1877), realty dealer.
March 8.
McNeil. Rivers (1858). collector of cus-
toms. Oct. 13.
Meatham, Florius D. (1843), civil war veteran
and republican leader, in Hinsdale. March :l'J.
Merg-enthaler, Martin (1863), fireman, July
Merigold. William A. (1850). realty dealer.
Jan. 13.
Merriman, William A. (1863), builder, Jan. 5.
Miniter. Patrick J. (1853), building- inspec-
tor, Oct. 4.
Minwegen. John (1855), former alderman.
Moore, John P. (1840), lake captain, Oct. 14.
Mullen, Isaac T., postoffice inspector. May 11.
Murray. James S. (1841), attorney. In Evans-
ton. Oct. 30.
Nacey, Patrick (1843), plumber. Aug. 31.
Nixon, Mrs. E. D. (1845). March 33.
Neimyer. William G. (1854), railway official.
Newhind. ' William D. (1843). merchant tai-
lor. April 8.
.Noble. Frederick A. (1833). clergyman, in
Evanston, Dec. 31. 1917.
Nollau. Arthur (1859). manufacturer, Dec.
30. 1917.
Northup. Charles (1838), civil war veteran,
Jan. 38.
O'Berne, Mrs. Marie S. H. (1844), social
worker and writer. April 31.
O'Connell. Patrick J. (1850). former alder-
man, June 19.
O'Connor. James (1848). blind musician, Jan.
O'Connor. Patrick J.. grain , inspector. July 35.
Offield. Charles K.. attorney, at Menonaaua
Beach, Mich.. Aug. 33.
Olinger, John P. (1830). real estate dealer.
June 36.
Paddleford, Clyde F. (1869), grolf official,
July 13.
Palmer. Mrs. Bertha Honore. at Sarasota. Fla..
May 5.
Perkins. J. Goodwin (1873). Y. M? C. A.
secretary, Jan. 30.
Perkins, Orville J. (1849). educator, June 14.
Petitidier, Octave L. (1853). engineer and as-
tronomer. May 33.
Pindar, Sam (1857). printer. April 27.
Pitkin. Edward H. (1846). merchant, at .Day-
tona, Fla.. April 33.
Poole. George A. (1843). printer, in Holland.
Mich.. Sept. 7.
Pope. William C.. lieutenant, in Paris,
France, Oct. 17.
Poulson. William E. (1844), insurance offi-
cial. Feb. 19.
Prendergast. Mrs. Amelia M. (1847), teacher,
April 7.
Prescott, DeWitt C. (1841). lumberman. May 4.
Prior, Thomas W.. newspaper man and theater
manager, in Venice. Cal., Sept. 33.
•Quigg. David (1834), lawyer. May 18.
Race. Mrs. Rebecca J., Oct. 13.
Randolph, Charles (1838), pioneer board of
trade man. in Baltimore. Md., July 34.
Reade. Miss Maria H. (1836), in Lombard,
April 37.
Rein, Mrs. Blanka (1838). educator. Oct. 3.
T"ice. Edwin A. (1858), manufacturer, March 4.
Rice. Wilson S.. coffee merchant. Sept. 38.
Richbere. John C. (1845). lawyer. Feb. 18.
Rk-kcords, George E. (1848), bank director,
Feb. 30.
Ritchie, John (1841), newspaper writer, at
Hugo, Ore.. June 17.
Roberts, Douglas, social worker, at Great
Lakes station. Sept. 38.
Robinson. John C. (1847). architect, in Santa
Fe. N. M.. ect. 13.
Roby. Edward M. (1870). captain in Spanish-
American war. June 3.
Kogrers, John G. (1866), realty dealer. Jan.
13.
Rooney. Thomas A., former alderman. Jan. 7.
Root, James P. (1840), attorney, March 3.
Rounds, Mrs. Louise S.. in Clifton Spring's,
N. Y.. Sept. 37.
Roewe, Henry (1893), physician. Oct. 35.
Ryan. Frank S. (1874), member board of
review. July 18.
Ryan. James (1845), veteran of civil war.
March 18.
Sackley, James A. (1860). contractor. Feb.
33.
St. Peter. Tclesford (1843), captain in coast
guard, March 36.
Sawyer. Mrs. Emma Smith, in Santa Barbara,
Cal.. April 36.
Schaffner, Joseph (1848). merchant. April 19.
Schauss. Peter (1853). police officer. June 34.
Schofteld. Henry (18(56). professor of law.
Aug. 15.
Scholle, Henry E. (1843). furniture dealer.
in Pasadena. Cal., Dec. 19. 1917.
Schuettler, Herman F.. chief of police. Aug.
Scott. John E., merchant, in Pasadena, Cal..
Feb. 36.
Selfridg-e, Mrs. Harry Gordon (1860). at Higb.-
cliffe castle, Hampshire, England. May 13.
Shaw. Franklyn B. (1861). Aug. 4.
Sherwood. Erastus W. (1838), civil war vet-
eran, April 39.
Shoop, John D. (1857), educator, in Roclc-
ville, Ind., Aug. 9.
Sinkinson, Joseph D. (1876). chemist, in La-
Grange. July 14.
Smith. Frank Waldo (1849). banker. July 33.
Smith, Gilbert A. (1849), insurance official,
July 16.
Smith. Frederick H. (1869). republican leader.
Feb. 4.
Smith. George Ely (1851). department mana-
ger. May 6.
Smith, Mrs. Emma H. (1833), widow of
Perry H. Smith, in Scnta Barbara, Cal..
May 6.
Smith. Mrs. Mary E.. in Oak Park. June 3.
Snow. Charles D. (1851), grain dealer, in
Whately. Mass.. July 34.
Soden. George A. (1859), jeweler. April 34.
Spiegel. Joseph (1840). merchant, Sept. 13.
Steele. Miss Janet L., teacher, in Evanston.
April 30.
Stein. Sidney (1863), lawyer. June 13.
Stelk. Mrs. Mary (1843). June 8.
Stevenson. Alexander F. (1838). officer in
civil war. May 19.
Stillwell. Homer A. .(I860), business man. at
Lake Geneva. Wis.. June 33.
Stirling, William R (1853), banker, March 3.
Stocker, Horace A., manufacturer, in 'Western
Springs. July 3.
Stowe. Herbert M. (1874). physician. Oct. 31.
Strauss. Albert L. (1871). realty dealer. Oct.
Street. William D. C. (1847). manager Chi-
cago Clearing House association. May 35.
Strom, Axel A. (1855), business man, in New
York, Nov. 39. 1917.
Stuart. William (1839), railroad official. July
35
Sullivan. Denis (1849). vessel agent. Oct. 1.
Sutherland, Georgre (1860). publisher. Mar. 6.
Stensland. Paul O. (1847), former banker.
April 15.
Szwajkart, Stanislaus (1857), editor, May lo,
Talcott, Mrs. Emma A. (1834). Chicago pio-
neer, in Boise. Idaho. July 5.
Taylor, Mrs. Graham. July 33.
Taylor. Joseph W. (1858). newspaper writer.
Aug. 36.
Thomasson. Mrs. Nelson. March 37.
Thompson. John W.. ciril war veteran, in
Evanston, March 36.
Thompson, Morton W. (1858). attorney.
March 8.
Thorne. George R. (1837). merchant, in Lake
Forest. Sept. 34.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
985
Established 1844
Incorporated 1904
Long Distance Phone Randolph 3421
Private Exchange to All Departments
SHARP & SMITH
W. N. Sharp, Pres.
MAKERS AND EXPORTERS OF
Surgical and
Veterinary
Instruments
Hospital and
Invalid Supplies
Elastic Stockings, and Supporters, Artificial Limbs, Trusses, Deformity Apparatus,
Optical and Electrical Goods, Manicure and Pedicure Instruments.
65 E. Lake Street
Between Wabash Ave. and Michigan Blvd., Chicago, HI.
Electric Lighting Specialties
Industrial Lighting Equipment
Panel Boards and Cabinets
Punch Press Safety Devices
Marine Lighting and Signaling
Apparatus
Enameled Steel Specialties Benjamin Two-Way
Benjamin Reflectors for correct Metal Stampings and Drawn Work Plug— makes two
Industrial Lighting Industrial Signals sockets out of one
BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. Co.
NEW YORK
CHICAGO
SAN FRANCISCO
Telephone Franklin 4057
Waller Coal Company
(Not Incorporated)
CORN EXCHANGE BANK BUILDING
CHICAGO
•986
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Thorsson. Nils M. (1867), purchasing1 i.gcut,
June 6.
Truax, Charles H., dealer in physicians' sup-
plies, Feb. 4.
Thurston, Mrs. W. B.. March 29.
Tuttle, Charles R. (184a), author, April 19.
Uhlir, Joseph C. (1872), judge, April 13.
Underwood. Pierce, promoter. April 5.
Vehon, Joseph (1834), merchant tailor, June 8.
Vickers. J. A. D. (1858), express official,
Feb. 16 .
"Vickery, Thomas S., hotel proprietor, Feb.
10.
"Vigeant. Gregory (1853). architect, May 18.
Wachs, Edward H. (1843), manufacturer,
July 9.
Wagg-oner. Edwin L. (1866), manufacturer.
May 19.
Walsh. Mrs. Mary E.. March 20.
Warren, John B. (1866), amusement mana-
ger, June 30.
"Washburne, Hempstead (1852), former mayor
of Chicago. April 13.
Watry. Nicholas (1853), optician, Feb. 24.
Waugh, William P. (1849), physician, Sept. 5.
Weinsheimer, Alfred S. (1848). secretary
Pullman company. May 11.
Weston. Edward B. (1846), physician, leader
in archery, Sept. 14.
Wharton, Owen T. (1845). editor, in Balti-
more. Md., March 27.
Wheaton, Lloyd (1838), major-general. U. S.
A., retired, Sept. 17.
Wheeler, John (1850), police official. May 21.
"Wheeler. John A. (1828). physician, at South
Haven. Mich.. April 28.
White, Alfred Stamford (1851). president
board of trade, Oct. 24.
White, Marie L., physician, July 7.
Whitney, Joel C. (1840), importer, at Laco-
nia, N. H.. July 21.
Whitney, William M. (1828). lawyer, in
Evanston. Nov. 21. 1917.
Wilder, Herman F. (1851), publisher, June S.
Wilke, Adolph (1837), veteran fireman, Jan.
10.
Wilkinson, John W. (1830), civil war veteran.
June 8.
Williston. Alfred Dix (1858), former alder-
man. May 10.
Williston. Samuel W. (1852), scientist, Aug.
30.
Wisner, Albert, realty dealer. March 28.
Woolley, Celia Parker (1849), author, minis-
ter and philanthropist, March S.
Woolley, Jefferson H. (1830), physician, Aug.
27
Woltz, Mrs. Cornelia M. (1844), May 22.
Work, Andrew S. (1840), merchant, Sept. 16.
Wrig-ht, Carl C. (1860), lawyer. Feb. 14.
Wynne. Madeline Y., writer, in Asheville,
N. C., Jan. 3.
Young-. Ella Flagg (1845), educator, in Wash-
ington, D. C.. Oct. 26.
Young, Joseph E. (1831), railroad builder,
Dec. 19. 1917.
Young, Kimball (1853), attorney, at Long
Beach. Cal.. Sept. 22.
Younglove, Mrs. Mary E. (1840), July 19.
POPULATION OF COOK COUNTY (1910).
BY TOWNSHIPS.
.Barrington 1.953
BY CITIES AND
Arlington Heights
Barrington*
VILLAGES.
1,943
1,144
Matteson
461
8,033
4.806
, 3.694
836
276
569
568
287
19,444
369
1.144
2,009
679
643
917
2,456
418
1.703
313
441
553
1,065
334
2.161
949
359
1.030
309
4.948
905
260
4.943
3.168
llation in
Berwyn
5,841
Bloom
18,339
Bartlett
408
Bremen
1.898
Bellwood
943
8 881
5 841
Mount Greenwood. . .
14 557
Blue Island
8 043
Elk Grove
1.302
Brookfleld
2.186
Niles Center
690
Burnham
328
Oak Lawn
1,649
Chicago
Chicago Heights
...2,185.283
14 525
Oak Park
4 296
Orland Park
2,813
Cicero
14.557
Palatine
11 289
Des Plaines
2,348
Park Ridge
7 193
Dolton
1,869
Phoenix
New Trier
Niles
12,533
4 203
Edison Park
Elgint
543
25.976
Posen
Riverdale
North field
2 675
Evanston §
24,978
River Forest
5,251
Evergreen Park . .
Forest Park
424
6,594
River Grove
Riverside
19 444
1,230
Franklin Park....
683
Riverview
Palatine
2 147
Glen View
. . 652
Shermerville
1 405
Glencoe
1.899
S. Chicago Heights..
South Holland
26 921
Glenwood
581
1 301
Gross Point
1.008
Spring Forest
24 978
Harvey
7,227
Stegert
Kiel t evuie
1 980
Hillside
328
Summit
Ki\ ersiae
954
Hodgkins
480
Tessville
962
Homewood.
713
Thornton
22 067
Kenilworth
881
Tinley Park
Wheeling
3,845
7,354
.2.405.233
county. tP
LaGrange
LaGrange Park. . .
5.282
1.131
1 060
West Hammond
Western Springs
Worth
Total population,
includ. Chicago
'Partly in Lake
1912. 26,253.
Lemont
2.284
Wilmette
Lyons
1.483
Winnetka .
artly in Kane county. JPartly in Will county. IPopv
SOCIETIES OF TEACHERS IN CHICAGO.
Cook County Teachers' Association — Fullerton
hall. Art institute: president. A. N. Farmer;
superintendent, E. J. Tobin, 512 county bldg\
Chicago Principals' Club— 1808, 5 South
Wabash avenue: president Chester C. Dodge,
Hibbard school: secretary, Carrie F. Patter-
son, Bancroft school.
Chicago Teachers' Federation— Room 844. 127
North Dearborn street: president, Mrs. Ida
L. Fursman; corresponding secretary, Frances
E. Harden: recording secretary. Miss Mary
Dwyer; financial secretary. Miss Ida Schifflin:
treasurer. Miss Mary E. Murray; business
representative. Margaret A. Haley.
Chicago Teachers' Relief Society — President,
Peter A. Mort^nsen: secretary. Miss Marion
H. Dyer. 2717 Wilcox street.
ADVERTISEMENT.
987
A Remarkable
Record*
IN recognition of the results obtained from
safety measures in practice on the Chicago Elevated
Railroads, the American Museum of Safety in 1916 awarded
"Honorable Mention" to the Chicago Elevated Railroads in the Brady
Medal contest among electric railroads.
Ten years without one
fatal accident
One billion seven hundred millions of passen-
gers— equivalent nearly to the population of the world
— have been carried by the Chicago Elevated Railroads during
ten years without a single fatal accident while on their trains.
Safety first, last and always is the constant
watchword of the Elevated management. Civic 'pride
alone, aside from individual interest, should induce Elevated
patrons to co-operate in the elimination and prevention even of minor
accidents.
SAFETY
SPEED
ELEVATED
SERVICE
COURTESY
988
ADVERTISEMENT.
AND HOW TO GET THERE
ON THE ELEVATED
NORTHWESTERNEvanston.
UNIVERSITY See the
great gymnasium and new
dormitory system. Take Evans-
ton trains on Northwestern
Elevated, get off at Davis
Street Station and walk east
about one-half mile.
UNIVERSITY58th Street and
OF CHICAGO Ellis Avenue.
Take Jackson Park Trains on
South Side Elevated, get off
at University Station and
walk one-fourth mile north.
UNION STOCK The largest
YARDS packing cen-
ter in the United States.
Obtain a grand bird's-eye view
of the Yards from the elevated
trains. Take South Side Ele-
vated Trains to Indiana Av-
enue Station and transfer to
Stock Yards Trains. The large
packing houses furnish guides
to conduct visitors through the
packing plants.
City Park*
GRANT 205 acres. Logan
PARK Monument, Art In-
stitute, Spirits of the Great
Lakes Fountain. Directions:
Take Metropolitan, Chicago &
Oak Park or South Side Ele-
vated to Adams and Wabash
(Loop) and walk one block
east, or Northwestern Ele-
vated to State, Dearborn and
Van Buren (Loop) and walk
two blocks east. This park
is reached by all elevated
lines.
JACKSON 543 acres. Site of
PARK World's Fair. Field
Museum of Natural History,
Rose Gardens, the Convent of
La Rabida, golf courses and
yacht harbor. Jackson Park
Station. South Side Elevated
Jackson Park Trains.
WASHINGTON 371 acres.
PARK • Largest ath-
letic field in the world. Twelve
baseball diamonds, free ex-
hibition games, beautiful walks
and drives. Station, 51st or
55th street. South Side,
Jackson Park or Englewood
Trains. Walk one and one-
half blocks east.
GARFIELD 188 acres. Largest
PARK conservatory in
the world. Beautiful landscape
gardening. Golf, tennis and
boating. Station, Garfleld
Park. Metropolitan Garfield
Park Trains or Chicago &
Oak Park Trains.
UNION 18 acres. Lawn ten-
PARK nis and wading la-
goon. Ashland Station. Chi-
cago & Oak Park Trains.
HUMBOLDT 206 acres. The
PARK most perfect
rose garden in the United
States ; famous statues of
heroes, statesmen and war-
riors ; fish hatching. Hum-
boldt Station. Metropolitan
Humboldt Park Trains.
DOUGLAS Immense floral
PARK garden ; pictur-
esque water court ; park of
open spaces. Douglas Park
Station. Metropolitan Doug-
las Park Trains.
LINCOLN 517 acres. Zoo with
PARK 1.800 animals ;boat-
ing; bathing; Academy of
Sciences and yacht harbor.
Sedgwick Station. Northwest-
ern, Ravenswood or Wilson
Local Trains. Direction: five
blocks east.
OGDEN 61 acres. Recreation
PARK buildings, assembly
hall, clubhouse, outdoor gym-
nasium, swimming pool and
athletic field. Racine Ave.
Station. Englewood Trains
South Side Elevated.
Public Buildings
FIELD MUSEUM OF
NATURAL Location, Jack-
HISTORY son Park. $6,000.-
000 collection divided into four
departments: Anthropology,
Botany, Geology and Zoology.
Main building covers nine
acres. Open daily, free Sat-
urdays and Sundays. Jackson
Park Station. Jackson Park
Branch, South Side Elevated.
ART Michigan Boule-
INSTITU TE vard and Adams
Street. Among the first three
or four art institutes in the
country. Adams and Wabasli
(Loop). Metropolitan, South
Side and Oak Park Trains;
walk one block east. North-
western Trains to State-Dear-
born Station and transfer to
Loop Local. Open free Wednes-
days, Saturdays and Sundays.
CITY HALL AND Clark and
COUNTY BLDG. Randolph
Streets. Clark and Lake
(Loop). All Metropolitan,
South Side and Oak Park
Trains. All Northwestern
Trains to Randolph and Fifth
Avenue and transfer to Loop
Local. Walk one block south.
POST OFFICE AND
FEDERAL C 1 a r k, Adams,
BUILDING Dearborn Streets
and Jackson Blvd. All Metro-
politan, Northwestern and Oak
Park Trains to State and
Dearborn (Loop) : walk one
block north. South Side
Trains to Adams and Wabnsh
(Loop) and walk two blocks
west.
MUNICIPAL MUSEUM
AND CHICAGO Randolph
PUBLIC LIBRARY Street
and Michigan Boulevard. Ran-
dolph and Wabash Station on
the Loop. All "L" Trains.
One block east.
BOARD OF Jackson Bonle-
TRADE vard and LaSalle
Street. LaSalle and Van
Buren Station on the Loop.
All "L" Trains. One block
north.
Amusement Parks
WHITE 63d Street and South
CITY Park Avenue. South
Park Station. South Side
Jackson Park Trains.
FOREST Harrison Street
PARK and Des Plaines
Avenue. Des Plaines Avenue
Station. Metropolitan Garfield
Park Trains.
RAVINIA Ravinia. North-
PARK western Evanston
Train to Central Street Sta-
tion. North Shore Line direct
to Ravinia Park.
Baseball Parks
WHITE SOX 35th Street and
PARK Shields Avenue.
35th Street Station. South
Side Trains. Five blocks west.
CUBS Addison and Clark
PARK Streets. Addison Sta-
tion. Northwestern Trains.
One block west.
Bathing: Beaches
CLARENDON MU- Claren-
NICIPAL BEACH don and
Sunnyside Avenues. Wilson
Avenue Station. Northwestern
Evanston or Wilson Trains.
Four blocks east, one block
south. Largest and finest
beach in Chicago.
WILSON Wilson A venae and
BEACH Lake. Wilson Av-
enue Station. Northwestern
Evanston or Wilson Trains.
Four blocks east.
JACKSON PARK MUNIC-
IPAL 60th Street and
BEACH Lake. Jackson Park
Station. South Side Jackson
Park Trains. Three blocks
north and east to Lake.
ADVERTISEMENT.
989
All the Way
from Chicago
to Milwaukee
QUICK, clean, dependable service
and a delightfully enjoyable trip
with beautiful scenery and scores of
notable points of interest all along
the route — that's what it means to
travel via this North Shore line.
Start from' anywhere in Chicago and
take any
"Evanston Express"
Train on the Elevated
Direct connections at Central Street,
Evanston, with the North Shore Line,
36 limited trains daily. Numerous local
trains. Comfortable, roomy, easy-riding
cars — many of them all steel. Double
track nearly all the way between Evans-
ton and Milwaukee.
This Map Shows Only a Few of
the Many Points of Interest
Dining car service at reasonable
prices
Parlor car service
CHICAGO NORTH SHORE
& MILWAUKEE R. R.
66 West Adams Street
Phone Central 8280
fN CITY
MEGAN
NORTH CHICAGO
IJIllllllll Mm hi fil '
NAVALSTATION
LAKE BLU
990
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CHICAGO IMPORT
[From report of Riv€
IMPORTS.
Value of imported merchandise entered lor
consumption and withdrawn from warehouse,
with amounts of duty collected thereon, for
the calendar year 1917 at the port of Chicago:
Subject to duty. Value. Duty.
Art works $10,566 $1,584.90
Beads 38,415 17,357.40
Breadstuffs 200,601 14,357.06
S AND EXPORTS.
rs McNeill, collector.]
Free of duvy. Value
Furs g29 199
Gut •>£ 3(59
Hair 31,282
Hemp 136*067
Hides 708*287
Household and personal effects. . . . 179,767
India rubber 74,777
Iron and steel, mfrs. of 48,848
Brushes 82,941 29,029.35
Cheese 166,767 63,353.40
Chemicals, drugs 1,609,579 525,49:?. 20
Clocks, watches 363,447 74,592.10
Chinaware, etc 453,991 220,639.86
Cocoa, chocolate 139,716 14,072.04
Cutlery 9,450 3,363.70
Diamonds, etc 255,859 51,057.00
Dry goods 4,975,942 1,678,174.19
Kapoc 44 927
Leather, boots and shoes 32,840
Meat, bacon and hams 13,371
Beef, fresh 178,31 1
Pork, fresh 134,460
Sausage casings 871,660
•Us 83,496
Paper, Books, etc 55,685
Fish 165,432 35,874.77
Fruits and nuts 1,196,019 217,537.48
Furs and mfrs. of... -24,107 7,021.25
Glass, glassware 133,609 41,691.20
Gold, silver, mfrs. of. 24,146 11,304.03
Iron, steel, mfrs. of.. 230,681 37,634.58
Jewelry 7,334 4,400.40
Seeds 271,341
Silk, raw 419,000
Sulphur ore 463,200
Tea 1,452,491
Wood and mfrg. of 47,686
Lumber, sawed 177,306
Wool 22 982
Leather, mfrs. of.... 54,985 9,125.65
Matches 96,988 7,389.75
Other free 713,579
Matting- of straw, etc. 131,773 25,018.90
Metals and mfrs. of.. 406,668 46,896.19
Millinery groods 566.525 140,459.95
Grand total 29,825,892
Value. Duty.
Musical instruments. . 93,554 32,422.75
Oilcloth, linoleum 4.378 1,485.75
Oils 910 6°8 111 448 39
Total, 1915 27,140,369 6,441,343 33
Total, 1914 35,195,487 9,147,600.09
Paints, varnishes, etc. 35,130 3,242.40
Paper, mfrs. of. books 43,611 6,194.68
Paper, mfrs., other... 227,766 60,512.03
Pickles, sauces 196,895 41,234.14
Seeds, plants, etc 431,152 83,826.82
Soap 2,849 329.90
Total, 1913 33,284,156 11,127,638.42
Total, 1912 30 278 600 10 698 891 11
Total, 1911 28089068 1013115012
Total, 1910 28 281 331 10 102 062 56
EXPORTS.
Value of domestic merchandise exported di-
rectly from the port of Chicago during the
year ending Dec. 31, 1917:
Countries and articles. Value.
Canada —
Asphaltum, mfrs. of $192
Spirits, malt liquors.. 38,145 10,532.61
Spirits, distilled 562,069 615,268.40
Sugar 104,428 24.420.4O
Tobacco, leaf 913,931 583,353.06
Tobacco, cigars, etc.. 123,555 102,220,98
Tobacco, other 2,076 3,011.20
Breadstuffs — -Corn .... . .1,132,791
Toys and dolls 87,497 30,023.95
Wheat 169 406
Wines, champagne... 161,005 84,129.60
Wines, still 129,125 70,052.80
Wheat flour 990
Binder twine . 1 764 9°0
Wines, other 66,315 12,714.39
Household effects 100
Wood, mfrs. of 135,799 22,314.35
Iron and steel — Hardware. . . . 959
Other dutiable 1,763,798 426,595.02
Band steel 1 370
Total dutiable 18,078,461 5,695,984.62
Free of duty. Value.
Wrought pipes 129
Wire, mfrs. of 3,105
Not specified 95
Apparatus, scientific 4,363
Oils, mineral, refined— Fuel oil 99.906
Gasoline 679,688
Art works, over 100 years old 95,873
Paints 5
Spices 614
Brass old 2 091 674
Wood — Timber fir 25,195
Breadstuffs 383 392
Lumber, fir 29.7PO
Burlaps 612 241
Not specified 100
Chemicals drugs . 277 068
Ireland — Breadstuffs corn 490 575
Cocoa, cacao, crude 27,203
Newfoundland and Labrador —
Pickled pork 7 800
Coffee . 809 303
Copper old 151 193
Fish . . 680,532
Total exports 4 413,790
FARM ANIMALS AND PRIC
Number. Price.
Horses— 1918 .. . 1,467.000 $103.00
ES IN ILLINOIS BY YEARS.
Number. Price.
Oilier cattle— 1918 1.314.000 $49.70
1917... .. .1,452 000 106.00
1917 1.251.000 4330
1916... . 1452,000 103.00
1916 1.239000 3850
1915 1,467.000 105.00
1915 1.180.000 3780
1914... 1.497000 11300
1914 1.216000 3590
Mules— 1918 . . 150 000 120.00
Sheep — 1918 988000 1290
1917... 150000 115.00
1917 898.000 820
1916... 152000 111.00
1916 907000 590
1915... 145000 11000
1915 935000 540
1914 148000 121.00
1914 984000 500
Milch cows — 1918 1 057 000 80 50
Swine 1918 5 11^. 000 22 00
1917 1,057000 68.00
3917 ..... 4.444000 1370
1916 . 1047000 60.20
1916 .. 4489000 900
1915 1,007.000 59.50
1915 4358000 1080
1914... . 1.017.000 59.20
1914... .. 4.358.000 10.80
ADVERTISEMENTS. 991
THE ARNOLD COMPANY
ENGINEERS- CONSTRUCTORS
ELECTRICAL— CIVIL- MECHANICAL
IO5 SOUTH LASALLE STREET
CHICAGO
REPORTS
Valuations of public utilities for rate cases and franchise
negotiations. Reports and estimates on engineering projects.
ENGINEERING
Specifications and plans for complete properties, railroad
shops, industrial 'plants, irrigation projects, hydro-electric
properties, interurban railway systems.
CONSTRUCTION
Creation of complete properties, supplementing report and
engineering work with the purchase and installation of all
materials and equipment necessary for the construction and
preliminary operation of the finished plant — all under one
contract agreement.
JOHN DEHN
Phone Main 1277 p. A. ALSCHNER
REASONABLE PRICES
PROMPT SERVICE
ECLIPSE PRINTING COMPANY
PRINTERS AND BINDERS
Distinctive Printing Demands Attention and Brings Results
141-143 W. AUSTIN AVE.
JUST NORTH Old Michigan Street
OF THE RIVER CORNER LA SALLE STREET
ADVERTISEMENT.
"The Torrens System is of benefit to the poor man who
needs to save money, to the business man whose time is money
and to all men who wish to save both time and money."
ROBERT E. L. BROOKS,
Member Cook County Real Estate Board.
TORRENS SYSTEM
OF
REGISTERING LAND TITLES
By JOSEPH F. HAAS,
Registrar of Titles for Cook County.
This system provides for the establishment of the status of
the legal title to real estate by a decree of Court and, also,
provides for the issuance of a "Certificate of Title" to the prop-
erty, when so established, by a Public Officer, the Recorder of
Deeds (Registrar of Titles), without delay and at small expense
to owners.
It simplifies Real Estate transfers and affords absolute
security for real estate owners. Lawyers and real estate dealers
endorse and recommend its use. Compared with the abstract
and guarantee policy systems, its cost is much less and its
benefits and protection are much greater.
The initial registration is $26.00 and up.
The purchaser pays the transfer fee of $3.00 when the prop-
erty is sold.
The certificate of title issued by the Recorder of Deeds
(Registrar of Titles) under the Land Registration Act is the
obligation of Cook County, and also has back of it the Indem-
nity Fund of $1.00 per 'thousand on the value of all registered
real estate. The Certificate is based upon the Court Decree.
It is not an insurance policy limited in amount or otherwise,
but is the guarantee of Cook County. An examination of the
Certificate tells instantly who the owner is and what the
condition of the title is. Sales can be made when the property
is once registered, and a new Certificate issued to the purchaser
without delay and at an expense of $3.00.
ADVERTISEMENT. 993
,
Cook County Guarantees
REAL ESTATE OWNERS
LAWYERS, BROKERS
AND LAYMEN
PROMPT AND EFFICIENT SERVICE
BY THE OFFICE OF THE
RECORDER OF DEEDS
Absolutely guarantee title to land when registered.
Under this system, transfers and loans can be closed
without cost to the seller within forty-eight hours.
THE MUNICIPAL ABSTRACT PLANT
Furnishes merchantable abstracts of title 40% cheaper
than prices charged by abstract companies.
PETER REINBERG, JOSEPH F. HAAS,
President Cook County Board. Recorder of Deeds.
994
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
PRICES FOR MESS FORK A?
The following table shows the lowest and high-
est cash prices for mess pork and prime steamed
lard in the Chicago market for the past forty
years and the months in which extreme prices
were reached:
MESS PORK.
Year. Lowest in- Range. Highest in—
«D LARD FOR FORTY YEARS.
Tear. Lowest in— Range. Highest In—
1915.... Julv "7.55 ©1127% February
1916 February .... 9.75 ©17.00 October.
1917 January 15.10 ©25.90 November.
1918*... January 23.50 @27.12% Sept., Oct.
"Jan. 1 to Nov. 1.
1880.... April 9.37%® 19.00 October.
881 — January 12.40 ©20.00 September.
1882 March 16.00 ©24.75 October.
1883.... Sept. and Oct. 10.20 ©20.15 May.
1884 — December .... 10.55 ©19.50 May, June,
1885 — Oct. and Nov. 8.00 ©13.25 February.
1886 May 8.20 ©12.20 December
1887.... January 1] 60 ©2400 May
CHICAGO GRAIN STATISTICS.
The following tables show the extreme prices
in each year for forty years for cash wheat, corn
and oats, indicating the month in which sucb
prices were obtained:
WHEAT.
Year. Lowest in— Range. Highest in —
1879.... January $0.81% @ 1.33% December.
1880 August 86% ©1.32 January.
1881.... January 95%@1.43% October.
1882.... December ... .91%©1.40 April & May.
1883.... October 90 ©1.13% June.
1884 December 69 @ .96 February.
1885 March .73%® .91% April.
1888.... December .... 12.90 ©16.00 October.
1889.... December .... 8.35 ©13.37% January.
1890 December 7.50 ©13.62% April.
1891.... December .... 7.45 ©13.00 May.
1892.. ..April 9.25 ©1505 December
1893 August 10.25 ©21.80 May.
1895 December .... 7.50 @12.87i/> May.
1896.... August 5.50 ©1085 January
1886 October .. . .69%© .84% January.
1887.... August .66%© .94% June.
1888.. ..April .. .. .71%@2.00 September.
1889.... June .75%@1.08% February.
1897 December 7.15 © 9.00 September.
1899.... May and Oct.. 7.85 ©10.45 January.
1900.... November .... 10.37%©16.00 October.
1901 January 12.60 ©16.80 March.
1890.... February .... .74% ©1.08% August.
1891.... July .. . .84% ©1.16 April.
1892 October .69%© .91% February.
1893.... July .. . .5414© .85 April.
1894.. ..July .50%© .63% April.
1895.... January .48%© .81% May.
1898 August 53 <S! .94% November.
1902. ...Feb. and Mar. 15.00 ©18.70 July.
1903 October 10.95 ©18.37% March.
1904 September ... 10.60 ©16.50 February.
1905.... April 11.70 ©16.50 October.
1906 January 13.45 ©20.00 July.
1897.. ..April 66%@1.06 December
1898.... October 62 @ .85 May.
1899.... December ... .64 © .79% May.
1900 January .61%@ .87% June.
1901.. ..July .63%© .77% June.
1902 October 67%@ .95 September.
1903 — Januarv .. .. .70%@ .93 September.
1904.... January .81%@1.22 Sept.Oct.Dec.
1905.... August 77% ©1.24 February.
1907 Sept. and Oct 13.75 ©17.75 February.
1908.... February 10.75 ©16.60 July.
1909 Januarv 16.25 ©25.20 September.
1910 ..October 17.25 ©27.00 July.
1911 October 14.50 ©21.50 February.
1912... January 15.00 ©19.62% April.
1913.... January 17.50 ©22.75 July. Sept.
1914 October 16.50 ©24.50 August.
1915'.... September ... 12.00 ©19.50 February.
1906 August 69%@ .94% May.
1907.... January 71 ©1.22 October
1917 January 28.00 ©48.00 December.
1918*... October 33.50 ©50.50 February.
1908.. ..July 84%@1.24 Ailgust.
1909.... October 1.03 ©1.60 June.
LARD. •
1878.... December .... $5.32%© 7.80 August.
1879.... August 5.30 © 7.75 December.
1810 — October 91%@1.29% July.
1911.... April 83% ©1.17 October.
1912....Nov.-Dec 85 ©1.22 April & May,
1913....July-Aug 84 ©1.15% January.
1914.. ..July 77%@1.33 September.
1915 August 98 ©1.68 February.
1916.... June .98% ©2 02 October
1880.... June 6.35 © 7.85 November.
1881.... February 9.20 ©13.00 July.
1882. ...March 10.05 ©13.10 October.
1883.... October 7.15 ©12.10 May.
1884 December 6.45 ©10.00 February.
1885.... October 5.82%© 7.10 Feb.. April.
1886 May 5.82%© 7.50 September.
1887 June and Oct. 6.20 © 7.92% December.
1888 January 7.25 ©11.20 October.
1889 December 5.75 @ 7.55 January.
1890 December B.50 © 6.52% April.
1891.... February .... 5.47%© 7.05 September.
1892 January 6.05 ©10.60 December.
1893 . August 6.00 ©13.20 March
1917 February ... 1.51V,©3.45 May.
1918*.. .J an.. Fe b.
March. April.
May, June,
(go v eminent
prices) 2.17 ©234 August
CORN.
1879 — January $0.29%© .49 October
1880.... April 31%© .43% November.
1881 — February 35%© .76% October
1882 December 79%@ .81% July.
1883.... October 46 @ .70 January.
1884 December 34%© .87 September.
1885.... January 34%© .49 April & May.
1886 October 33%© .45 July
1887 February 33 © .51% December
1888 December 33%© .60 May.
1889 December 29%© .60 November.
1890 February 27%© .54% November.
1891 December 39%© .80 November
1892.... January 37%@1.00 May.
1893.... December 34% @ .44% May.
1894 February 33% @ .59% August.
1895 December 24%© .54% May.
:896 September ... .19%© .30% April.
897 Jan. and Feb. .21%© .32% August.
1898.... January 26 @ .38 December.
899 December 30 © .38% January.
900 January 30%© .49% November.
901 January 36 © .62% November.
902.... October 55 @ .88 July.
1894.... March 6.45 © 9.05 September.
1895.... December 5.15 © 7.17% March.
1896....July 3.05 @ 5.85 January.
1897.... June 3.42%© 4.90 September.
1898... .Jan. and Oct. 4.62%© 6.82% May.
1899. ...May 4.90 © 5.77% January.
1900.... February .... 5.65 © 7.40 October.
1901 January 6.90 ©10.25 September.
1902.... February .... 9.07%@11.60 September.
1903.... October 6.20 ©11.00 September.
1904. ...May 6.15 © 7.92% February.
1905. ...January 6.55 © 8.10 August.
1906 January 7.32%© 9.85 November.
1907.... October 8.42%© 9.97% February.
1908.... February .... 6.97% ©10.45 October.
1909..... January 9.40 ©12.65 Sept.. Oct.
1910.... August 11.50 ©14.65 March.
1911.... April 7.70 ©10.67% January.
1912.... February .... 8.65 ©11.97% October.
1913.... January 9.47%@11.87% July.
1914 September ... 9.10 ©11.60 November.
ADVERTISEMENTS. 995
The Old Reliable. Established 1882 Lowest Prices Always.
Handkerchiefs Lace Curtains
Raincoats 1 B| Laces
Ladies' and <jn Hfifijilj titiK^' Embroideries
Children's ^^^^^^^^^^^ Ribbons
Garments >^ Notions, Etc.
Our Own Building
Wholesale General Merchandise
828 TO 838 WEST TWELFTH STREET
(Cor. Newberry Avenue)
CHICAGO, ILL.
TELEPHONE FRANKLIN 678
PHILLIPS, GETSCHOW CO.
ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS
HEATING VENTILATING POWER
VAPOR AND VACUUM HEATING
130 WEST KINZIE STREET, CHICAGO
ALBAUGH-DOVER CO.
Manufacturers of
NEW BUTTERFLY CREAM SEPARATORS
ALSO CUTTERS OF HIGH-GRADE
SPIRAL - HELICAL - INTERNAL
WORM OR WORM WHEELS
2100 Marshall Blvd. CHICAGO Phone Rockwell 6800
GEARS:
996
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Year.
1903..
1904..
1905..
1906..
1907..
1908..
1909..
1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1915..
1916..
1917..
1918*.
1879..
1880..
1881..
1882..
1883..
1884..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
Lowest in—
.March
.January
.January
.Feb. & March.
.January
.February
.January
.October
.Jan. Feb. Mar..
.November ....
.January
.January
.October
.May
.January
.October
Range.
.41%® .53
.42%® .58V8
.42 @ .64%
.39 @ .54%
.39%® .66%
.56%® .82
.58%® .77
.47%® .68
.45%® .75
.53 @ .83
.46%® .78%
.60 @ .86
.59%® .82%
.69 @1.11
.93%@2.36
1.35 ®1.85
OATS.
.January $0.1914®
.August —
. February .
. September
. September
.December .
. September
.22% _
.29%®
.30%®
.25 @
.23 @
\24%ro>
.October 22%®
.Mar. & April.
. September . . .
.October 17%
.February 19%
.36%
.35
.47%
.62
.43%
.34%
.36%
.35
.31%
.38
.26^
.45
Highest in—
July & Aug.
November.
May.
June.
October.
May & Sept.
June.
January.
October.
August.
Aug. & Sept.
August.
August.
October.
August.
January.
December.
Jan. & May.
October.
July.
March.
April.
April.
January.
December.
May.
February.
November.
Year.
1891...
1892...
1893...
1894...
1895...
1896...
1897...
1898...
1899...
1900...
1901...
1902...
1903...
1904...
1905...
1906...
1907...
1908...
1909...
1910...
1911....
1912...,
1913...,
1914...,
1915...
1916...
1917...
1918*..,
Lowest in—
.October
.January
.July
.January
.December ....
. September . . .
. February ....
.Aug. & Sept.
.August
August
January
.August
.March
.October
.September ...
March
January
August
October
October
March
November ....
March
August
.October
June
August
June
Highest In—
April.
August.
May.
June.
June.
Feb. & Mar.
December.
May.
February.
June.
November.
July.
July.
February.
July.
June.
September.
July.
May.
February.
October.
April.
September.
September.
March.
October.
July.
February.
•Jan. 1 to Nov. 1.
UNION STOCKYARDS, CHICAGO.
The Union stockyards of Chicago, occupying
Its present site since 1865, is the largest live
stock market in the world. Its yard area of 500
acres contains approximately 13,000 pens, which
have a daily capacity for 75,000 cattle. 150,000
sheep, 300,000 hogs and 6,000 horses.
Since the Union stockyards of Chicago were
established there have been received and sold
on this market a grand total of more than 550,-
000,000 animals for an aggregate sum of $10,700,-
000,000, for every dollar's worth of which sales
there was an actual delivery of the property.
For the last ten years an average yearly total
of over 16,000,000 animals was sold for the
stupendous annual average sum of over $350,000,-
000. That means that a general average of con-
siderably more than $1,000,000 worth of living
property was sold and delivered every business
day during the last ten years on the Chicago
live stock market. These figures do not embrace
the enormous daily transactions of "Packing-
town," which are second in magnitude only to
those of the Union stockyards proper.
Mere than twenty-six states supply Chicago
with live stock and during the last ten years
there have been sold and shipped alive more
than 46 per cent of the cattle, 22% per cent of
hogs and 26 per cent of sheep, showing the con-
stant healthy competition in buying live stock at
Chicago.
The Chicago live stock market supplies the
world with meats. Nowhere is there such a de-
mand for live animals. Packers buy thousands of
carloads on other markets and «hip them to
Chicago for slaughter, and speculators buy and
ship them to Chicago for sale.
The city of Chicago alone consumes more than
400.000,000 pounds of meats per year, equal to
800,000 head of cattle annually, and her packers
send millions of tons of meat annually to the
four corners of the earth.
Eastern buyers, exporters, independent local
slaughterers and country feeder buyers constantly
compete with the larger packers for the daily
offerings. The Union stockyard^ of Chicago
receives the greatest number of animals and has
the largest number of buyers to purchase and
use them.
OTHER FACTS ABOUT THE YARDS.
Yard area, in acres 500
Area bricked, in acres 450
Miles ol railroad tracks 300
Miles of streets 25
Number of pens 13,000
Number of double deck or covered
^Pens 8,500
Number of chutes 725
Number of gates 25,000
Number of commission and other
offices 450
Daily capacity of water pumps in
erallpns 8,000,000
Capacity of reservoirs, gallons 10,000,000
Capacity of water tower, gallons . . . 30,000
Water consumed on hot days, gal-
lons 7,000,000
Miles of water pipe lines 90
Miles of sewer lines 50
Miles of water troughs 25
Number of hydrants. .' 10,000
Number of artesian wells 6
Average depth of artesian wells, feet 2,250
Miles of electric light wire in service 50
Number of arc lamps in service .... 450
Number of incandescent lamps in
service 10,000
H. P. of engines in lighting- and
power plant 2,250
SOME ANNUAL REPORTS.
1917. 1916.
Swift & Co $875,000,000 $575,000,000
Net profits 32,150,000 20,405,000
Armour & Co 575,000.000 525,000,000
Net profits 21,293.562 21,162.164
Morris & Co 325,000.000 250,000.000
Net profits 5,401.071 3,832.212
Cudahy Packing' Co. 184.811.000 134,000.000
Net profits 4.430.529 3.011.415
Wilson & Co 210,000.000
Net profits 6,504.421 •
CHICAGO WARDS AND ALDEBMEN.
Number of. since 1837.
Year.
1837-1838.
1839-1846.
1847-1856.
1857-1862.
1863-1869.
Alder-
Wards, men.
e
6
, 9
.10
16
Year.
1869-1875..
1876*-1888.
1888-1889..
1889-1901..
1901-1918..
Alder-
Wards, men.
.20
.18
.24
.34
.35
40
36
48
68
70
•Under the general incorporation act of 1875
Chicago was divided into eighteen wards.
ADVERTISEMENT.
99T
998
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
CIRCULATION OF THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS FOR 1918.
DATE.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April.
May.
June.
July.
AUK.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1 .
Holid'y
384.14'.
383.541
383,338
352,287
Sunday
379.385
384,980
386,192
33S.SOS
38U.S28
•233,866
Sunday
396,837
395,889
390,480
400,400
375,520
357,074
Sunday
#64.570
379,256
396,524
395,315
396,603
358,577
Sunday
$345,599
393.380
398.214
394.549
392,5%
866.96"
Sundav
}836.30n
394,735
401,198
420,780
400.627
368,915
Sunday
$350.344
395.992
402.8;*
898.64H
406,751
368.949
Sunday
402.892
402.094
397.112
391.353
378.553
366.751
Sunday
398.975
409,109
395,490
394.344
394.304
366.095
Sunday
398,594
395.079
393.026
391. 58t
389,825
361.204
Sunday
394.095
393,945
388.593
387,596
387,410
359,197
Sunday
391.299
387.255
384,914
383.848
380.827
37t!,809
Sunday
430,130
404,141
394,808
391.960
389,825
363.295
Sunday
394 .837
407,945
385.731
384,051
384,12:
360.984
385.921
343.344
Sunday
408,91b
88'.),60;>
383.678
380.02
381,108
340.22!
Sunday
ii85,593
381.045
380,381
378.088
376.093
346,112
Sunday
381.253
378.628
377,566
375,215
372,069
357.708
Sunday
381,196
382.776
381.298
378.163
377.706
345,399
Sunday
383,143
378,439
374.907
Holid'y
375.809
345.871
Sunday
379.809
374,795
372,035
369.166
368.996
337,957
Sunday
375,764
377,015
383,995
377,464
381,145
340,356
Sunday
379.512
370.133
374,403
373.380
369.951
340,953
Sunday
379,890
380,837
381,057
376.177
376,998
345.013
Sunday
382.426
373,507
373,045;
350,822
375,199
343,265
Sunday
375,224
372,909
374,719
373.117
372.890
340.845
Sunday
375.731
373.673
372,715
369.410
369.802
338,914
Sunday
373,057
371.129
368,960
372,027
371, 653
337.245
Sunday
274.051
380.663
402.041
403.678
377.993
345.086
Sunday
380.060
383.983
413,944
386. 133
378,818
351,972
Sunday
377.752
382,131
381.280
378.908
375,795
347,251
Sunday
382.894
381.057
379.164
376,972
377.49s
347.455
Sunday
399,567
386.%fa
385.994
371,090
374.062
348,499
Sunday
396,452
381,943
38S.804
375.090
380,479
356.518
Sunday
3!)9.627
393.818
400,089
395,962
393.500
364.225
Sunday
409,278
401.394
396.443
388,533
393.279
367,642
Sunday
409.921
404.323
402,984
400.294
397.996
368,8,1
Sunday
400.538
438,207
420.864
429.743
421.192
495.388
Sunday
459.755
414,904
387,103
405.030
402.474
368.098
Sunday
405.040
401.066
399,624
390.964
385.844
361.998
Sunday
392,401
389320
381,646
loll day
385.924
360.822
Sunday
39*227
387.028
382.423
384.451
385.497
357.914
Sunday
385.097
385.827
383.573
381,900
379.136
355.477
Sunday
384.615
882.272
380.756
378,633
373,722
347,313
Sunday
373,619
325.985
Holid'y
325.875
360.084
346.371
Sunday
378,826
356,174
2
3
383,939
382.705
350,003
Sunday
385.527
3*1502
381.149
380,119
879.220
351,730
Sunday
385.733
381.186
378,721
375.490
373,020
343,729
Sunday
380.227
375,148
374.153
373,883
372,025
342.877
Sunday
378,919
372.272
376,492
291,491
373.062
4
5
6
7... .
Sunday
38i\841
385.371
385,155
385.171
384.563
359,320
Sunday
388.351
388.773
383.333
384.784
386.047
355,310
Sunday
390.20r
aS8.259
388,888
383.729
380.007
358,261
Sunday
390,436
387,402
8
9..
10..
11..
12..
13..
14..
is-
ie..
17..
18..
19..
20..
21..
22..
23..
24..
25..
26..
27....
28
29
SO
31
Total...
Av'rage
9.791.833
376,608
9,287,789
386.991
0,050,107
386.775
9,944,057
382.486
10,004.811
370.548
9,364.951)
374.198
9.641.681
370,833
9,895,176
3t!6,48S
9,364.208
374.508
10,401.935,10,045.009
387.4791 401.824
9,264.66?
370.580
•Snowstorm blockade. JCoalless Monday. Unsold copies are deducted in the totals.
TOTAL FOR THE YEAR 1918 117,113,487
DAILY AVERAGE FOR THE YEAR 1918 379,008
AVERAGE DAILY ISSUE OF THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS FOR EACH MONTH
FROM THE SECOND YEAR OF ITS PUBLICATION.
YKAK.
Jan. |
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
AvVe
1877.
11.429
14,841
16.414
18,408
20,715
22,769
35,320
25.366
25.204
23,312
24,439
26,715
22.037
1878.
28.406
37,019
37,736
87,867
38,348
43.748
49,844
40,911
39,371
38,777
39,380
36,817
38,314
1879.
38,607
41,346
46,299
46,608
47.105
49.428
47.560
40.500
44,571
44,310
44.992
44,760
45.194
1880.
48.891
49,425
49,874
49.445
53,834
58.776
56.049
60.623
57.958
58.586
59,672
54,473
54,801
1881.
57,795
62,905
67.959
69.305
65,067
63.S32
71.209
70,397
68.551
62.097
58.100
60,895
64.870
1882.
61,679
6fi,941
66.058
65.208
65,193
70,408
73.078
70,456
67.808
63,907
64,819
64,399
60.680
1883.
67,278
71,379
77,153
76,994
77,462
78.608
78.177
79.428
73.185
71,863
74.527
74.919
75,115
1884.
76,877
82,538
86,828
87,852
88.645
93.292
91,231
88,495
86.221
89.196
107,429
82,465
88.30S
1885.
84,119
89.959
98,029
104,513
100.802
100.238
108.823
101.329
97.900
96,817
102,705
102.497
99.005
1886.
104.197
110,325
116,024
117.869
125,294
113,471
112,438
117,677
109,728
110.460
115,103
110,148
113,615
1887.
114.022
119,148
123.040
124,912
118,743
122,714
120.925
132.178
121.938
122.659
154.096
122.419
125,225
1888.
120.057
120,891
137,123
130,490
135.921
140.525
128,897
123.852
113.894
127.724
131.777
159.098
128,676
1889.
120.947
126,446
130.828
132,348
131.378
148.576
142.653
134.288
130,016
128.670
185.527
147.786
134,059
1890.
136.365
141,885
142,655
143.683
130.923
130.414
125.136
125,190
124.497
120.304
189,020
130.850
132,957
1891.
136.926
139,769
144.467
156,190
141.953
141.733
141.858
139,707
138.025
137.294
140,524
145.707
142,022
1892.
148.232
155,402
159,849
162,568
161,804
109.096
170,430
166,259
171.053
163,626
173.070
1(18,430
104,175
1893.
171.818
180.019
188.507
191,933
196,218
202.267
201,591
203,216
190,431
188,906
192.575
200.589
192,495
1894.
206,388
204,471
207,590
206.285
198.495
195.S65
232.022
194.071
185.595
186.070
198.017
197,256
200,881
1895.
198.947
207.240
211.378
212.D92
205.732
202.605
201.378
195.907
193.311
195.562
202.553
202.762
202,496
1896.
208.781
213,032
210,542
212.104
209,945
210.265
206,272
193.853
189,100
190.700
200.609
200,479
204.724
1897.
201 .340
208.779
220.392
281.396
222.560
217.707
212.111
219,557
229,703
238.003
228,113
232.997
222.595
1898.
239.065
249.951
260.222
295.313
338.095
310.820
298.520
279.243
262.001
257.339
25!),OS5
254.947
275.514
1899.
260.995
266.761
207,51)7
266,677
253.148
252,405
249.243
250.598
250.564
256.681
271.733
269.975
259.562
1900.
279.219
287.116
288.389
280.657
275.427
272.598
262.081
201.109
268.278
276.960
280.789
271.384
275,788
1901.
281, CO)
887.U3
292.285
295,874
283.297
281.698
275.910
271,783
304.780
292.918
295.635
290,526
2S8.156
1902.
304.406
309. 198
310.385
805.825
300.007
307.406
301,915
305.133
299.607
302.895
308.883
31)0,589
304.218
1903.
304.870
310,033
311.771
311.374
302.644
306,305
297,000
294.147
21)5,351
301.732
312,165
819,518
305.534
1904.
321,898
338,458
338.784
333.324
320.867
319,064
810.249
310.677
309.431
309.212
314.016
307.765
819.539
1905.
315.800
317.994
825.024
322.607
325.373
318.204
806,835
302,024
301.714
301.560
305211
308,865
812,637
1906.
318.373
325.877
328.589
336,797
320.312
316.595
313.428
311.851
309.372
311.133
813.521
313.344
318.185
1907.
322.586
836.876
837,125
SS6.366
324,524
320.681
312.069
308,511
310,822
320.136
323.614
324.845
323.079
1908.
334.006
838.955
343.811
830.453
824,474
324.372
314,569
811,147
313,850
818.928
326,050
822.278
325,074
1909.
328.925
334.399
337,599
334.429
325,881
325.791
815.633
311,885
318.444
321.928
329.251
324.082
325.098
1910.
332.374
336.242
338.493
332,340
331.200
328,137
310.951
316,558
316.844
321.346
315.828
314.309
325,'i23
1911.
317.028
321.475
321.645
331,087
322.159
320.932
312.499
318.408
321.302
329.002
828.220
330.036
3" 838
1912'
334.364
843.173
348.445
359,338
•127.208
•185,945
•187,218
•203,950
•229.159
•276.338
323.851
347.536
•342375
1913.
359.831
366,575
373.207
864.840
346.744
342,786
382,706
334.317
340,014
354,044
350.088
358.090
352,395
1914.
362,972
363.496
375,770
390,974
373,485
307.038
365,753
403,071
408.593
400.090
411.561
401.342
8S5.ST>7
1915.
405.359
415.897
413,075
410,784
402.105
407.287
407.885
403,855
400.833
409.210
416.114
413.095
40S.808
1916.
431.860
441.970
443.427
439,079
420.181
441,601
426.940
424.979
428.925
432.640
458.570
441,981
436.395
1917.
446.575
468.246
465.774
479,450
+408.875
1371,524
+374.572
f3«l,320
+358.224
+303.046
+377.380
+372.725
+403.R91
1918.
876.608
880.991
QQI; 77K
Oo<>, I IO
382.480
370.548
874.198
370.833
366,488
374.50S
387.479
401.824
370.580
879,008
•The daily average for 1912 is based on the six months not affected by the strike in the
mechanical departments of all the Chicago newspapers— the months of January, February, March,
April, November and December.
tThe price of The Daily News was increased from 1 to 2 cents on May 14. 1917.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
999
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1000
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OF THE FIRST THIRTY-FOUR VOLUMES (1885 TO 1918 INCLUSIVE) OF THE
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK.
NOTE — The figures following- the year are the
page numbers of that volume.
Complete sets of THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC
AND YEAR-BOOK from the year 1885 to 1919 in-
clusive can be supplied for $25.00, transporta-
tion prepaid. The first five issues for the
years 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888 and 1889. are
bound in one volume, half morocco, library
style. This volume is sold only to purchasers
of complete sets. A complete set embraces the
library volume and a cloth bound issue for
each succeeding- year.
Sing-le cloth bound copies can be bought for
the years 1890 to 1918. except for 1892.
1893, 1897. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1908. 1910.
1913. 1915 and 1916, at the rate of 50 cents
each, transportation prepaid. Single paper
covered copies can be supplied for each year
from 1886 to 1903. except 1897 and 1899, for
25 cents each at the office of publication,
or 35 cents by mail.
Orders should be addressed to THE DAILY
NEWS office. 15 North Wells street. Chi-
cago. 111.
Abbreviations— 1915. 165: 1916. 213: 1917.
44.
Abdul Hamid Deposed— 1910. 212.
Absent Voting Law— 1918. 613.
Abyssinia — In each volume since 1902.
Academy of Arts and Letters. American — 1913.
402, and in succeeding- volumes.
Academy, French — 1902, 132. and in succeed-
ing- volumes.
Academy of Sciences— In each volume since
1903.
Acapulco Theater Fire— 1910. 152.
Accidents. First Aid in— 1914. 552.
Accidents, Football — In each volume since 1911.
Accidents, Fourth of July — In each volume
since 1904.
Accidents. Hunting- — In each volume since 1910.
Actors' Fund— 1902. 422: 1903. 380.
Actors' Stage Names— 1889. 186.
Adams. J. G. B., Sketch— 1894. 64.
Adamson Railroad Act— 1917. 239, 423; 1918,
42.
Addams. Jane, Sketch— 1910. 391.
Administrative Act. Illinois— 1918, 598.
Adventists — See Religious Statistics.
Aeronautical Progress — In each volume since
1909.
Afghanistan — In each volume since 1902.
Africa Explorations— 1891. 318.
Africa. Partition— 1899, 100.
Age of Presidents at Inauguration — 1886. 16.
Age. When a Man Is of— 1889. 188.
Agricultural Extension Law — 1915. 288.
Agriculture, Statistics — In each volume.
Agriculture vs. Manufactures — 1898. 104.
Aguinaldo. E.— 1900. 225; 1901. 260: 1902,
141.
Aid Given Chicago in 1871—1904, 387.
Ailes. M. E., Sketch— 1902, 99.
Air, Danger of Foul— 1889, 162.
Aircraft Production— 1918, 536.
Airship, Santos-Dumont's — 1907. 251.
Airships, Military— 1908. 130.
Airship. Wellman — See Wellman Expedition.
Aisne. Battle of— 1915. 455.
Akron (Balloon) Disaster— 1913. 266.
Alaska — In each volume since 1907.
Alaska— Boundary Dispute — 1896. 79; 1898.
257 (map 256): Purchase, 1901. 134;
Award. 1904, 135.
Alaska Coal Leases— 1915, 289.
Alaska. Prohibition in— 1918, 50.
Alaska Railroads— 1915. 288: 1916. 114.
Alaska Territory Organized — 1913. 188.
Alaska-Yukon-Paciflc Exposition — 1907. 470;
1908. 390: 1909. 408: 1910, 326.
Albania— 1915, 43; 1916. 161.
Alcohol in Beverages — 1891. 102.
Aldermen, Board of — In each volume.
Aldrich-Payne Tariff— 1910. 37.
Aldrich-Vreeland Law — See Currency Reform.
Alexander, E., Sketch— 1894. 60.
Alfonso XIII.— 1903, 13, 236; Attempts to
Assassinate, 1906. 166; 1907. 26; 1914, 142.
Algeciras Conference— 1907. 85.
Alger, R. A., Sketch— 1898. 201: 1903. 234.
Algeria — In each volume since 1906.
Alien Land Owning— 1896. 81.
Alien Property Custodian— 1918. 476, 488.
Allee. J. H.. Sketch— 1904. 202.
Allen. C. H., Sketch— 1901. 249.
Allen, Frederick I.. Sketch— 1902. 99.
Allen. H. N.. Sketch— 1898. 206.
Allen Labor Law in Arizona Void — 1916. 82.
Allied Third Party— 1902. 108.
Allison, William B.. Sketch— 1903. 234.
Alloys. Principal— 1892. 155.
Altgeld, Gov., to Cleveland— 1895, 82. 84.
Alumni Associations, Chicago — In each volume
since 1903.
Alvey. R. H., Sketch— 1897. 158.
America Cup Races— 1894, 356; 1896. 376;
1899 and succeeding volumes.
America, Discovery— 1894, 199.
America Enters Great War — 1918. 377.
American-French Arbitration — 1909. 220.
American-French Reciprocity — 1909, 37.
American Institutions, League to Protect—
1893. 185; 1894. 110.
American-Japanese Agreement — 1909. 404:
1912, 98: as to China. 1918. 276.
American Wealth — 1915. 281.
Ames, A. A.. Trial— 1904, 245.
Amundsen. Roald. Expedition — 1907. 246:
1910, 331; 1911. 175; 1912. 210; Reaches
South Pole, 1913, 148: 1915, 338.
Anarchy— 1902. 108. 110. Ill: 1909,110.215.
282: 1912. 215.
Ancona, Sinking of— 1916, 339.
Anderson. W. F.. Sketch— 1909, 332.
Andrew, A. P., Sketch— 1911. 333.
Angell. J. B., Sketch— 1898. 204.
Anglo-American Peace Centenary — 1916, 114.
Anglo-Boer War— 1900, 123: 1901. 104. 119;
1902. Ill, 217: 1903, 210.
Anglo-French Treaty— 1905, 176.
Anglo- Japanese Alliance — 1903. 145: 1906.
127: 1912. 130.
Anglo-Russian Treaty— 1908. 339.
Ankeny, Levi. Sketch— 1904. 202.
Annuity Tables — 1915. 39, and in succeeding-
volumes.
Anti-Imperialist League — 1900, 123: 1001,
104. 119.
Antinarcotic Act — 1916, 236.
Antiquities, American — 1911, 87; 1912, 101.
and in succeeding- volumes.
Antitipping Legislation — 1916, 479.
Antitrust Conference — 1900. 122.
Aoki, Ambassador. Recalled— 1908, 395.
Apostles, Fate of — 1888, 128.
Appam Case— 1917, 500: 1918. 551.
Apportionment, Congressional — In each volume
since 1891.
Appropriations by Congress — See Expenditures.
Appropriations, Chicago — In each volume since
1904.
Appropriations, Cook County — In each volume
since 1903.
Appropriations. Illinois — 1904. 429: 1907.
395: 1909. 431, and in succeeding volumes.
Aqueduct, Great, in Australia— 1904, 16.
Aqueducts, Greatest— 1916. 138.
Aquidaban. Loss of— 1907. 101.
Arabic. Sinking of— 1916. 339.
Arbitration Laws of States— 1895. 90.
Arbitration Treaties— 1905. 123: 1909. 220:
1912, 477.' 1913. 190: 1914, 129: 1915.469.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1001
Archbald Impeachment— 1913. 490: 1914, 201.
Arctic and Antarctic Exploration — 1892. 39;
1902, 156, and in succeeding volumes.
Area, Chicago. Growth of— In each volume
since 1908.
Areas, Comparisons (Maps)— 1894. 216.
Area. United States— 1902. 86. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Argentina and Germany — 1918, 501.
Argentina — In each volume since 1902.
Arizona, Admission of— 1911. 42: 1913. 73;
1913. 377.
Arizona, Constitution— 1912, 77.
Armenia and Turkey— 1897. 130.
Armenians, Massacre of— 1910, 196: 1911. 71:
1916, 328.
Armies of Great Powers— 1894. 125: 1896.
232: 1899. 97; 1902. 222, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Armor Plant, Government— 1917. 230.
Army Camps— 1918. 478.
Army Law of 1916—1917. 204.
Army Law, Volunteer— 1915. 284.
Army Lists — In all volumes from 1886.
Army Officers, Where Born— 1899. 126.
Army Organization — 1902. 195: 1904. 184:
1905. 160: 1906. 173; 1909. 143: 1918,480.
Army Staff Law— 1904. 186.
Army. United States, Strength— In each volume
since 1897.
Around World in Forty Days— 1912, 108.
Art Commission, Chicago— 1904, 377; 190o.
390: 1906. 411.
Art Commission. State— 1910. 441: 1912, 502.
and in succeeding volumes.
Art Galleries. Leading— 1911. 76. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Art Institute— In each volume since 1902.
Art League, Municipal— In each volume since
1904.
Ashurst. H. F., Sketch— 1913. 387.
Asphalt Dispute. Venezuelan— 1906, 149.
Assassinations— 1897, 251: 1902, 110: 1905,
143; 1909. 132. 172; 1914, 138: 1915. 64.
368.
Assessments, Chicago— In each volume since
1902.
Assessments, Cook County — In each volume
since 1891.
Assessments, Diges^-1894, 48: 1895, 147.
Assessments, Illinois — In each volume since
1908.
Assessments of Corporations — 1902. 422.
Associated Press — In each volume since 1903.
Associations, National — In each volume since
1902.
Asylums. Chicago— In each volume since 1902.
Athletic Federation, International— 1914, 393.
Atlanta (Ga.) Race War— 1907, 242.
Atlantic City Disaster— 1907. 264.
Atlantic Fisheries Dispute— 1911, 69.
Atrocities in European War— 1915. 448; 1916.
350.
Auditorium, Chicago — 1891. 350.
Australia, Commonwealth — 1892. 61. and in
each volume since 1902.
Austria-Hungary and Submarine War — 1918,
467.
Austria-Hungary. Death of Emperor of— 1917,
469.
Austria-Hungary — In each volume since 1902.
Austria-Hungary, U. S. Declares War on — 1918,
464. 466.
Austro-Serbian Dispute— 1910, 126.
Authors, Society of Midland— 1916. 643.
Autocracy, Russian, Surrendered — 1906, 311,
Automobile Bandits, French— 1913. 155.
Automobiles— 1902, 66. 306; 1903. 269: 1908,
158. 472.
Automobiles, Rules of Road— 1916. 643.
Avezzano Earthquake — 1916. 49.
Aviation (Army) Law— 1915. 286.
Aviation Fatalities — 1912, 364; 1913, 32
1914, 395: 1915. 321: 1916, 463: 1917. 390.
Aviation — See Aeronautical Progress.
Aylesworth, A. B.. Sketch— 1904, 205.
Bacon, Robert. Sketch— 1906. 298.
Baer, George F., Sketch— 1903. 238.
Bailey. Joseph W.. Sketch— 1902. 99; 1908.
353.
Baker. L., Sketch— 1894. 60; 1896, 89.
Baker, N. D.. Made Secretary of War— 1917,
202.
Baku Riots— 1906, 311.
Balfour. A. J., Sketch— 1903. 236.
Balkan-Bulgarian War— 1914. 130. 226.
Balkan Crisis— 1909. 318.
Balkan-Turkish War— 1913. 391; 1914. 130,
225.
Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy — 1911, 311:
1912. 225.
Ballinerer, R. A.. Sketch— 1908, 353; 1910. 33.
Ball. Lewis H., Sketch— 1904, 202.
Ballooning— 1903. 149: 1908, 130; 1909. 153:
1913, 320; 1914. 396, and in succeeding
volumes.
Ballot Reform— 1892. 51: 1910. 276; 1912.
88, 91, 93.
Ball Teams, World's Tour— 1915. 303.
Ballot, Short — 1912, 91.
Baltimore Fire — 1905, 169.
Banana Trade — 1903, 272.
Bangor (Me.) Fire — 1912, 129.
Bank Clearing's — In each volume.
Bank Failures— 1902, 338: 1903. 289.
Bank Guaranty, Kansas — 1910, 123.
Bank Guaranty Laws Legal — 1912, 181.
Bank Guaranty, Nebraska — 1910. 125.
Bank Guaranty, Oklahoma— 1909. 106.
Bank Notes, Life of — 1899, 305.
Banks, British Postoffice — 1902, 109.
Banks. Chicago — In each volume since 1891.
Banks, Federal Reserve — 1915. 691, and in
succeeding volumes.
Banks, National — In each volume since 1891.
Banks. Savings— 1894, 395; 1898. 280; 1901
and succeeding volumes.
Baptists — See Religious Statistics.
Barbers, Registration of, Illinois — 1910. 441.
Bard, T. R., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Barker-Keller Trial — 1902, 107.
Barker, Wharton, Sketch — 1899, 222; 1901,
243.
Barnes-Roosevelt Libel Case — 1916. 100.
Barometer Table— 1906, 191; 1908, 269. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Barton, Clara, Death of — 1913, 116.
Bashford, James W., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Bates, J. C., Sketch — 1899, 229.
Bathtub Trust Suit — 1914, 398.
Battle Ship Fleet Cruise — 1909, 219; 1910,
260; 1911, 162.
Battles in World War — 1918, 551.
Bavaria, King of, Deposed — 1914, 276; died,
1917, 406.
Bayard, T. F., Sketch — 1894, 59.
Beach, Mrs. David, Walk by — 1913. 67.
Beattie Murder Case — 1912, 562.
Beaubien, Alexander, Death of — 1908, 62.
Beaupre, A. M., Sketch — 1904, 206.
Becker, Charles A., Execution — 1916, 474.
Beef Trust Cases — 1904, 95; 1906, 350; 1907.
262.
Beer — 1891, 75; 1892. 110; 1893, 51; 1894,
31; 1895, 67.
Beers, Alfred B., Sketch — 1913, 387.
Beiliss Trial — 1914, 419.
Belgian Deportations — 1917, 482; 1918, 504.
Belgian War Mission to U. S. — 1918, 527, 571.
Belgium — In each volume since 1902.
Belgium, Political Strike in — 1914, 295.
Bells, Great — 1889, 178.
Bender Murders — 1909. 282.
Benedict XV., Pope, Election of — 1915, 236.
Benevolent Institutions — 1907, 64.
Bennington Disaster — 1906, 162.
Benson, Alfred W.. Sketch — 1907, 272.
Bentley. C. E.. Sketch— 1897. 156.
Bergen (Norway) Fire — 1917, 85.
Berger, V. L.. Sketch — 1911, 333.
Bering Sea Dispu»t — 1893. 65; 1894. 37.
Berlin, Wreck of the — 1908, 169.
Bernstorff as Briber — 1918, 501; Given Pass-
ports, 1918, 382.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1002
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Berry. Joseph H.. Sketch — 1905, 206.
Berry, William H., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Bessey, Charles E., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Beverages, Alcohol in — 1891. 102.
Beveridge, A. J., Sketch — 1900, 126.
Bialystok Massacre — 1907, 270.
Bible — 1887, 13; 1894, 212; 1902, 156.
Bibles, The Seven — 1889, 53.
Bickerdyke Memorial — 1904, 363.
Bicycle Industry — 1908, 158.
Bidwell. J.. Sketch— 1893. 62; Letter. 1893.
166.
Bigelow Defalcation — 1906, 343.
Billboard Decision — 1918, 239.
Billingrs, Frank, Sketch — 1903, 237.
Bimetallism — 1894. 101; 1898. 262; 1899,
154; 1900, 122.
Binghamton (N. T.) Fire Horror — 1914, 37.
Bird Census — 1916, 39.
Bird Reserves — 1911, 173; 1912, 246; 1913.
352; 1914. 41. 42; 1916. 222.
Birds. Cage— 1908, 59.
Birds of Illinois — 1909, 174.
Birth and Death Rate — 1901. 137; 1903, 93,
and in succeeding- volumes.
Birth Stones — 1909. 273, and in succeeding
volumes.
Births per Hour and Minute— 1909. 63; 1910.
94.
Bissell. W. S., Sketch — 1894, 58.
Bjornson, B., Death of— 1911. 68.
Black, John C., Sketch — 1904, 206; 1911. 182.
Black River Falls Flood — 1912, 394.
Blackburn, J. C. S., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Blacklisting- by Britain — 1917. 521.
Blanchard, N. C., Sketch — 1895, 105.
Bleriot Flies Over English Channel — 1910, 283.
Blind and Deaf in Chicago — 1905, 433; 1910,
510.
Bliss, C. N., Sketch — 1898. 202.
Bluefields Incident — 1895, 233.
Blue Sky Legislation — 1914, 408; 1918, 40.
611.
Bokhara — In each volume since 1902.
Bolivia — In each volume since 1902.
Boll Weevil, Ravages of — 1915, 174.
Bolsheviki, Rise of — 1918, 512.
Bonaparte, C. J., Sketch — 1906, 298.
Bond Bill — 1897, 111.
Bond Syndicate — 1896. 191.
Bonds, Liberty — 1918, 523.
Book, Smallest in World — 1902, 65
Books, Most Popular — 1902, 218.
Books Produced in 1901 — 1903, 118
Books, Rare, of the World — 1902. 186: 1908
217.
Books, Record Prices for — 1912, 172.
Borah, W. E., Sketch — 1908. 353.
Borax, Source of — 1918, 111.
Borden, R. L., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Borden-Lane Expedition — 1917, 167.
Borup-Macmillan Expedition — 1912, 210.
Bosnia, Annexation of by Austria — 1909, 318
Bosschieter Trial — 1902, 107.
Boston Light Anniversary — 1917, 353.
Bottles. Drift of Floating — 1902, 64.
Boulevard Link, Chicago — 1915, 602; 1916.
675; 1917. 543; 1918, 689.
Boulevards — See Chicago Parks and Boulevards
Bourne, J., Sketch — 1908, 353.
Boutell, H. S., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Bowen, W. H.. Sketch— 1904, 204.
Bowers, L. W., Sketch — 1910, 391.
Boxer Indemnity — 1908, 191; 1909. 163.
Boxers, The — 1901, 269.
Boxes, Capacity — 1889, 189.
Boycott. Chinese — 1906. 351.
Boycotting (Danbury case) — 1909, 256; 1916,
251.
Boycotting: (Buck Stove Co. case) — 1912, 64;
1914, 444; 1915, 337; 1916, 253; 1917,
328; 1918. 584.
Boy Scout Movement — 1912, 478; 1913, 418;
1914. 560; 1917. 197.
Boyertown (Pa.) Fire— 1909. 260.
Bradley, W. O.. Sketch — 1896, 93; 1909, 322.
Brady, James H.. Sketch — 1914, 256.
Braga, T., Sketch — 1911, 333.
Bragg, E. S., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Brandegee, Frank B., Sketch — 1906, 297:
1910. 391.
Brazil — In each volume since 1902.
Bread. Cost of — 1917, 398.
Breckinridge, C. R., Sketch — 1895. 105.
Breckiuridge, J. C., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Brennan's Monorail — 1908, 243.
Briand, Attempt to Kill — 1912. 213.
Briceville Mine Disaster — 1912, 497.
Bridge Disaster, Quebec — 1908, 398.
Bridge, Memorial — 1914, 238.
Bridge, Memphis— 1918, 74.
Bridges. Great^-1898, 245; 1903. 193; 1905.
102; 1909, 264; 1918, 74, 152.
Bridges, New York — 1909, 246.
Bridges, Robert, Sketch — 1914, 256.
Briggs, F. O., Sketch — 1908, 353.
Briquets, Fuel — 1917, 62.
Bristol, F. M., Sketch — 1909. 322.
British Budget Dispute — 1910, 431.
British War Mission — 1918, 527.
Brodhead. J. O., Sketch— 1894. 60.
Brodie, Alexander O., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Brokers' Technicalities — 1893, 75.
Brooke, J. R., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Broom Corn Production — 1907, 470.
Broussard, R. F., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Broward, N., Sketch — 1911, 333.
Brown, Arthur. Sketch— 1911. 160.
Brown, Elmer E., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Brown, George N., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Brown, Norris. Sketch — 1908, 353.
Brown, W. C., Sketch — 1910. 391.
Brownsville Affair — 1910. 65.
Brussels Exposition Fire — 1911, 52.
Bryan, C. P., Sketch — 1898, 206; 1904, 204.
Bryan, N. P., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Bryan. W. James, Sketch — 1909, 322.
Bryan, W. J., Sketch — 1897, 154; 1901, 242:
1909, 321; 1914. 35; Resignation of as Sec-
retary of State, 1916, 334.
Bryan's New York Speech — 1908, 80.
Bubonic Plague in India — 1906, 76.
Buchtel, Henry A., Sketch — 1907, 273.
Buck. A. E.. Sketch — 1898, 205.
Buck's Stove Company Boycott — 1910, 275
(see Boycotting).
Buckner, S. B.. Sketch — 1897, 157.
Budget Plan, Taft — 1914. 122.
Buffalo, American — 1903, 260.
Buffalo Bill, Death— See W. F. Cody.
Builders, Hints lor— 1887, 7.
Building, Tallest — 1903, 102; 1908, 105.
Buildings, High, in New York — 1906, 348;
1913, 225. and in succeeding volumes.
Buildings, Notable, Chicago — 1910. 515, and
succeeding volumes.
Bukharest's Population— 1902, 218.
Bulgaria — In each volume since 1902.
Bulgaria in European War — 1916, 320.
Bulgarian-Balkan War — 1914, 130, 226.
Bulgarian Independence Proclaimed — 1909, 318.
Bulkeley, Morgar G-., "ketch — 1906, 297.
Burke. John, Skc ich— 1911. 333; 1914. 256.
Burkett. Elmer T., Sketch — 1906, 297.
Burleigh, E. C., Sketch — 1914, 256.
Burleson. A. S., sketch- -1914, 35.
Burnham, D. H.. Death of — 1913, 225.
Burnham, Henry E., Sketch — 1902. 99; 1908,
353
Burr, 'William H., Sketch — 1905. 205.
Burrows, J. C., Sketch — 1896. 89.
Burt, William, Sketch — 1905, 23.
Burton, C. G.. Sketch— 1908. 353.
Burton, Joseph R.— 1902. 99.
Burton, T. E., Sketch— 1910, 391.
Bushel Weights, Statutory — In each volume
since 1905.
Bushnell, A. S., Sketch— 1896, 93.
Business Houses, Old Chicago— 1917, 641, ana
in succeeding1 volumes.
Butler. Marion, Sketch — 1896, 90; 1899. 228.
Butler. N. M., Sketch — 1903. 237.
Butt-Millet Memorial— 1913. 190.
Butte I. W. W. Lynching — 1918. 193.
Butterworth, B., Sketch — 1898. 207.
INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1003
Cabinets. United States — In each volume since
1901.
Cables of the World — 1903. 102; 1904, 130;
1907. 86: 1908, 42.
Caceres, President, Killed — 1912, 482.
Cacti, Spineless, Lands for — 1913, 189.
Caffery, D., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Calabria. Earthquakes in— 1906. 319; 1911.
86.
Cambrai. Battle of — 1918, 548.
Camden, J. N., Sketch — 1894, 64.
Caminetti, A., Sketch — 1914, 256.
Camp Names, Source of — 1918, 480.
Campaign Contributions — 1912, 69; 1913, 641.
Campaign, National, in 1912 — 1913. 399.
Campbell, E. K., Sketch— 1914, 256.
Campbell, T. L., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Camps. Army— 1918, 478.
Camps. Internment — 1918, 533.
Canada — In each volume since 1902.
Canada Dairy Industries — 1914, 158.
Canadian-American Commission — 1899, 159.
Canadian Reciprocity — 1912, 67.
Canadian Sunday Law — 1907, 192.
Canal, Drainage — See Sanitary District.
Canal, Hennepin, Opened — 1908, 231; 1911,
94; 1912, 121.
Canal, New York State — In each volume since
1909.
Canal, Panama — 1892, 60; 1900, 115; 1901,
280, 298; Treaty, 1902, 331; Bill for, 1903,
145; 1904, 250, and in succeeding- volumes.
Canal. Panama. Fortifications of — 1912, 66;
Tolls fixed, 1913. 182 (Panama canal act).
Canal, Panama, Tolls Act — 1914, 219.
Canal, Suez — 1904, 15.
Canalejas Assassinated — 1913, 421.
Canals and Rivers — 1899. 273: 1900. 118, 140.
Canals, Great Ship — 1903. 17, and in suc-
ceeding- volumes.
Canals in the United States — In each volume
since 1909.
Cannon, F. J., Sketch — 1897, 160.
Canonsburg- (Pa.) Disaster — 1912, 252.
Canteen, Army — 1901, 160.
Cantonments, National Army — 1918, 479.
Cape of Good Hop
1910, 192.
-1906, 124; 1909. 183;
Capital, National — 1899, 181; 1900, 93; 1909,
268.
Capital Punishment — 1906, 136; 1907, 55;
1908, 32: 1909, 268- 1910, 168; 1911, 136;
1912, 152; 1913, 210 (effect on homicides);
1914, 295, and in succeeding volumes.
Capital Stock Assessment — 1906, 390.
Capitol in Washington — 1908, 63; 1909, 124.
and in succeeding volumes.
Car. Capacity— 1887, 17.
Car Ferry. Wreck— 1911. 345: Largrest. 1914,
140.
Cardinals — See Religious Statistics.
Carlisle, J. G., Sketch — 1894. 67.
Carlos I. Assassinated — 1909, 132.
Carlos, Don, Death of — 1910, 179.
Carmack, Edward W., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Carnegie, Andrew. Gifts— 1902. 68; 1904, 250:
1905, 240.
Carnegie Corporation — 1912, 407.
Carnegie Foundation — In each volume since
1906.
Carnegie Hero Fund — In each volume since
1905.
Carnegie Institution — In each volume since
1903.
Carnegie Libraries — 1910, 218.
Carnegie Peace Fund — 1911, 451- 1912, 99.
Carr, Gen. E. A., Sketch — 1893, 63.
Carranza Government Recognized — 1916, 301
Carrel. Alexis— 1913. 388.
Carrizal, Fight at — 1917, 537.
Carroll, George W., Sketch — 1905. 203.
Cartago Earthquake — 1911. 140.
Carter, G. R.. Sketch — 1904. 204.
Carter, T. H., Sketch — 1896. 89; 1906. 297.
Casablanca Decision — 1912, 99.
Casement, Sir Roger. Execution— 1917. 481.
Cash Register company. Suit — 1913, 214; i Chile, AmbRssador t
Castro, President, Deposed— 1910, 209.
Catching-s, Cleveland to — 1895. 12l».
Cathedrals, Great — 1891, 334.
Catholic Church — See Religious Statistics.
Cavell. Edith, Execution of — 1916, 332.
Cemeteries. Chicago— In each volume since
1902.
Cemeteries, National — In each volume from
1904 to 1912.
Census Bureau — 1901. 308; 1912, 219. 391.
Census, Quinquennial — 1896, 1U4.
Census, School, Chicago — 1905, 431; 1907,
423; 1908, 473; 1909, 460. and in succeed-
ing- volumes.
Census. Thirteenth United States— 1910, 206:
1911. 432.
Centenarians in United States — In each volume
since 1908.
Centenary Celebrations in 1909 — 1910, 64.
Centennial, Illinois — 1914, 560; 1918, «C8.
630.
Central American War — 19f»8, 188.
Century. Beginning- of— 1901. 184.
Chaffee. A. R., Sketch — 1899, 228.
Chafin, E. W., Sketch — 1909, 331; 1913. 387.
Chamberlain, G. E., Sketch— 1910, 391.
Chamberlain, J. C., Resignation — 1904, 245.
Chamberlin, T. C., Sketch — 1909, 322.
Champagne, Battle of^-1916, 321.
Champions of Christendom — 1912, 188.
Chandler, W. E.. Death of — 1918, 579.
Charcot Expedition — 1911, 175.
Charities, Cook County — 1910, 466; 1911, 481.
Charities, Illinois — 1908, 439; 1909. 417;
1910, 435, 441.
Charity Organizations — In each volume since
1902.
Charles, Prince, Sketch — 1906, 300.
Charleston (111.) Storm — 1918, 36.
Charleston (S. C.) Storm — 1912, 108.
Charter Amendment, Chicago — 1906, 379.
Charter, New, for Chicago — 1904. 360; 1905.
429; 1906, 421; 1907, 468; Defeated, 1908.
495; 1910, 522; 1911, 544; 1912. 647.
Chauncey, Loss of the — 1918, 542.
Chelsea (Mass.) Fire — 1909, 187.
Chemicals, Common Names — 1885, 9.
Cherry Mine Disaster — 1910, 405.
Chester (Pa.) Race Riots — 1918, 147.
Chicago at a Glance — In each volume since
1910.
Chicago, Centers of— 1909, 44: 1910. 483.
Chicago Civic Federation — 1898. 402.
Chicago City Officials — In each volume.
Chicago Election Returns — In each volume.
Chicago Elevators — 1891, 340.
Chicago Grain and Produce Statistics— In each
volume from 1891.
Chicago, Growth — 1891, 342: 19O2, 50. (See
Area, Chicago, Growth of.)
Chicago, Map of— 1904, 407.
Chicago Mayors — In each volume.
Chicago, Nationality of Voters — 1889. 157;
1894. 318.
•Chicago, Notable Buildings — In each volume
since 1891.
Chicago Officials — In each volume.
Chicago Parks and Boulevards — In each vol-
ume since 1891.
Chicago Plan — 1910, 514.
Chicago, Points of Interest in — In each volume
since 1906.
Chicago, Progress of — In each volume since
1909.
Chicago, Valuation — In each volume since
1903.
Chicago Voters' League — 1898. 404.
Chicago War Bodies — 1918. 776.
Chicago and World War — 1918. 569. 572.
Chicago Weather — In each volume since 19OO.
Chicagoans, Old — In each volume since 1909.
Chiesa, Cardinal, Made Pope — 1915. 236.
Children in Flats — 1910, 443.
Children's Bureau, Act — 1913. 186.
Child Labor Law. Illinois — 1904. 382.
•Child Labor Statistics — 1908. Ififl; 1909. 103.
1914; 398.
Chile — In each volume since 1902.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLOIE SEE PAGES 3-14.
1004
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Chilean Difficulty with. United States — 1893,
66.
Chilean War — 1892, 59.
Chilton, W. F., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Chimney, Highest — 1907. 13.
China — In each volume since 1902.
China, Death of Emperor and Empress — 1909,
162.
China, Famine in — 1912, 395.
China, Japan and Korea — 1895, 235; 1896, 76.
China and Japanese-American Agreement —
1918, 276.
China, Missions — 1901. 275.
China, Partition — 1899, 97.
China, Revolution in — 1912, 480; 1913, 394;
1914, 401.
China Votes for Monarchy — 1916. 305; Repub-
lic Maintained, 1917, 165; Imperialist Plot.
1918, 276.
China, War — 1901, 269, 271. 291; 1902. 333.
Chinese Calendar — In each volume since 1905.
Chinese Cut Off Queues — 1912. 140.
Chinese in United States — 1902. 54; 1904, 64.
Chinese-Japanese Dispute — 1916, 173.
Chinese Railway Loan— 1910, 216; 1911. 327.
Chinese Registration — 1894. 201; 1895. 368.
Chinese-Russian Dispute — 1912, 320.
Chinese Treaty, The — 1895, 368.
Choate, J. H., Sketch — 1900, 124.
Cholera. Asiatic — 1886, 79. In Russia, 1909.
319; Epidemic, 1911, 131; In America, 1912.
308.
Cholera, How to Escape — 1893, 108.
Cholera Mixture— 1888, 128.
Christian IX., Death of — 1907, 72.
Christian Population — 1901, 145; 1902. 149.
Christianity, Growth — 1896, 103.
Chun, Prince, Abdicates — 1912. 480.
Church Days — In each volume.
Churches — See Religious Statistics.
Churches, Capacity— 1893, 114.
Churches, Seven, of Asia — 1912, 188.
Cicero. Annexation Vote — 1912, 461.
Cincinnati, Society of the — See Societies, Pa-
triotic.
Cisterns. Capacity — 1889. 189.
Cities, Altitude-7-1892, 331; 1918. 106.
Cities, Commission Governed — 1917, 125.
Cities, Growth — 1900, 266; 1902, 50; 1903,
82
Cities, Largest — 1888, 2; 1903. 187, and in
succeeding volumes.
Cities, Popular Names — 1889. 180; 1891, 118;
1896. 50.
Cities, Population of — See Population.
Cities, Statistics of — 1891, 99; 1903, 106, and
in succeeding volumes.
Citizen, How to Become a — 1896, 228.
Citizens, Who Are — In each volume since 1908.
City Manager Plan — 1915, 152; 1917. 142.
City Officials, Chicago — In each volume.
Civic Music Association — 1915. 614; 1916,
628.
Civil Service, Chicago — 1896. 214; 1905, 381;
1906, 411; 1907, 416.
Civil Service, Illinoio — 1906, 388; 1907, 394;
1908. 428; 1912. 82.
Civil Service, United States — 1904, 101, and
in succeeding volumes.
Civil War Survivors — 1904. 22; 1905. 122:
1906, 26; 1907. 32; 1908, 98; 1909, 116;
1910, 320; 1911. 326.
Clapp, Moses E., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Clark, Champ — 1912, 404.
Clark, Charles E., Sketch — 1903. 238.
Clark. E. C., Sketch — 1899. 224.
Clark, Edgar E., Sketch — 1903. 238.
Clark. Senator, Case — 1901. 122.
Clark. W. A., Sketch — 1900. 127.
Clarke, James P., Sketch— 1903. 234; 1910.
391
Clarkson, T. S., Sketch — 1897. 162.
Clay, A. S.. Sketch — 1897, 161: 1898, 207.
Clayton Antitrust Law — 1915, 287.
Clayton. Powell. Sketch — 1898. 204.
Clemenceau Cabinet. Fall of — 1910, 260.
Clemens. Samuel L.. Death — 1911, 170.
Clements, J. C., Sketch — 1912. 404.
FOE INDEX OF THE CURRENT TOLUME SEE FACES 3-14.
ing volumes.
oal Production, Illinois — 1905, 373; 1906.
Cleveland, Grover, Letters — 1893. 163; 1895.
83, 84.
Cleveland, Grover, Sketch — 1893. 61; Death
of, 1909, 215.
Cleveland. Messages — 1895, 109.
Climate of United States — In each, volume frow
1890.
Clubs, Chicago — In each volume since 1902.
Clyde Shipbuilding — 1903, 148.
Coal Contract Decision — 1913, 501.
Coal Miners' Strike— 1898. 242; 1903, 191:
1904, 103.
Coal Production— 1888. 10: 1892. 102: 1893.
59; 1895, 245; 1898. 396, and in succeed-
in
Coa .
437; 1907, 440; 1910, 521, and in sue-
ceeding volumes.
Coal Production, World's — 1903, 410.
Coal Supply. Estimated — 1910, 173.
Coal Trust — 1908, 234.
Coast Guard Law — 1916, 235.
Coast Line of United States — 1909. 32. and in
succeeding volumes.
Coburn, Foster D.. Sketch — 1907, 272.
Cody, W. F., Death of — 1918, 154.
Coercion of Employes Decision — 1916, 243.
Coffee Consumption— 1898, 51: 1900. 49; 1903.
72. and in succeeding- volumes.
Coffee Production — 1905, 233.
Coffee Trade — 1900, 75; 1908, 152.
Coghlan, J. B., Sketch — 1899. 244; Death.
1909. 411.
Coinage, History of Our — 1892, 27.
Coinage Laws — 1897, 65.
Coinage of Nations — 1894, 180; 1899. 82. and
in succeeding volumes.
Coinage, United States — In each volume since
1893.
Coinage, World's — 1898, 78; 1900, 81; 1902,
24; 1903, 47; 1905. 77; 1907, 90, and in
succeeding volumes.
Coin Equivalents — 1896, 65.
Coins, About — 1887, 9; 1893, 108; 1908, 165.
Coins, Value of Foreign — In each volume since
1890.
Coldest Days in Chicago— 1913, 572, and in
succeeding volumes.
College Colors — 1905, 360; 1907, 61, and in
succeeding volumes.
Colleges and Universities — 1890, 166: 1896.
202; 1897, 49, 87; 1898, 87, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Collier, W. M., Sketch — 1906. 298.
Collinwpod (O.) Disaster — 1909, 243.
Colombia — In each volume since 1902.
Colombia-Venezuela Dispute — 1902, 218.
Colon, Panama, Fire — 1916, 83.
Colonial Policy — 1901, 64.
Colonial System of World — 1899. 138; 1900.
146, and in succeeding volumes.
Colonial Wars, Society of — See Societies. Pa-
triotic.
Colorado Railroad Wreck — 1907, 117.
Colt, Le Baron B., Sketch — 1914, 256.
Columbia, Wreck of the — 1908. 234.
Columbus, Christopher. Accident — 1918. 166.
Columbus Memorial. Washington — 1908, 75.
Comet, A, of 1910 — 1911. 32.
Comet, Halley's — 1909, 26; 1910, 332; 1911.
82.
Commerce and Labor Department — 1904, 100,
160.
Commerce Court Law — 1911, 34; 1913. 192:
1914. 243 (repeated).
Commerce, Trade and Manufactures, Statis-
tics-^In each volume from 1891.
Commission Form of Government — 1910, 520;
1911. 46; 1912. 88. 91; 1917. 125. 142.
Committees. Political, Cook County — In each
volume from 1890.
Committeea, Political, Illinois — In each volume
from 1886.
Committees, Political. National — In each vol-
ume from 1886.
Compass, Watch as a — 1892. 51.
Compensation Acts — 1912. 79. 96.
Conant. Luther. Sketch — 1913. 388.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1005
Conciliation, Board, U. S. — 1915, 234.
Confederate Pensions — 1898, 17.
Congregrational Churches — See Religious Sta-
tistics.
Congress, Contested Seats — 1901, 122.
Congress, First Woman in — 1917, 539.
Congress, Parties in — 1895, 157; 1908, 79;
1909, 423; 1912, 273, and in succeeding
volumes.
Congress, United States — In every volume.
Congress, Work of — See Legislation.
Congressional Districts- — Chicago, 1903, 375;
1904. 416 (map) : 1905, 407, 438; Illinois.
1904, 349 (map); 1905, 375: New, 1902,
102. See election returns in each volume for
districts in all states.
Conjugal Statistics — 1895, 72; 1904, 68; 1905,
63; 1906, 62.
Constitution, United States — 1889, 170; 1908.
33; 1909, 33; 1911, 440; 1914, 44.
Consular Buildings — 1912, 66.
Consular Reorganization — 1907, 175.
Consuls, United States — In each volume from
1886.
Consuls in Chicago — In each volume since
1903.
Convention, Reciprocity — 1906. 142.
Conventions, Political (platforms, etc.). Na-
tional— In each volume.
Conventions, Political, State — In each volume
from 1886.
Convicts and Convict Labor — 1898, 93.
Convicts in Penitentiaries — 1892, 98; 1898, 96.
Cook Arctic Expedition — 1908, 135; 1910,
328; Sketch of F. A. Cook, 1910, 391; Cook
Discredited, 1911. 175.
Cook County Bonded Debt — In each volume
from 1890.
Cook County Civil List — In each volume from
1888.
Cook County Elections — In each volume.
Cook County Forest Preserve — 1917, 661.
Cook County Officials — In each volume.
Cookery, Scientific— 1887, 10.
Cooley, E. G., Sketch — 1908, 353.
Coppage Coercion Case Decision — 1916, 243.
Copper Production — See Mineral Products.
Copyright Rules— 1896, 225; 1902. 75. and
in succeeding volumes.
Corbett. W. H., Sketch — 1898, 209.
Cork Production— 1903, 69.
Corn — See Agriculture, each volume.
Corn and Pellagra — 1912, 152.
Corn for Fuel — 1898, 101.
Corn Products Suit— 1914, 398.
Corn. To Measure — 1888. 11.
Corporation Tax, Federal — 1910, 59, 473;
1912. 181.
Corregan, Charles H.. Sketch — 1905, 204.
Corrupt Practices Act — 1912, 93.
Cortelyou, G. B., Sketch — 1901. 249; 1904,
204.
Cost of Living — 1902. 215; 1904. 348: 1907,
63: 1911. 53: 1913. 114, 116; 1914. 145:
1916. 304; 1918, 229.
Costa Rica — In each volume since 1902.
Costa Rica Earthquake— 1912, 414.
Cotton — See Agriculture.
Cotton and Its Uses — 1909, 64.
Cotton Futures Act — 1917, 194.
Cotton Spinners' Strike — 1895. 89.
Cotton States Exposition — 1896. 97.
Cotton Tariff Bill and Veto— 1912, 73.
Coudert, F. R.. Sketch — 1897, 159.
Council for National Defense — 1917, 234:
1918, 518.
Counties, Banner Agricultural — 1915. 195.
Countries Compared — 1894, 216.
Country Life, Report on — 1910. 174.
Country, Size of Our — 1888, 17.
Country, The Indian— 1889, 186.
County Building-s, Cook — 1903. 376: 1904,
368; 1905, 382; 1906, 401; 1907, 412, and
succeeding1 •v olumes.
County Officials — In each volume.
County Officers. Illinois— 1894. 171: 1899.
289; 1900. 249: 1909, 438; 1910. 450. and
in succeeding vohimes.
Court, Municipal, Chicago — 1906, 380, and suc-
ceeding volumes.
Court Tragedy in Virginia — 1913. 418.
Courts, Cook County — In each volume.
Courts, Illinois — In each volume.
Courts, United States — In each volume.
Cox, William W., Sketch — 1905. 204.
Coxeyism — 1895, 94.
Craighill, W. P.. Sketch — 1898, 88.
Crane, Largest in World — 1912. 240.
Crane, Winthrop M., Sketch — 1905, 205; 1908.
254.
Cranftll, J. B., Sketch — 1893. 61.
Cranston, E., Sketch — 1897, 162.
Crawford, Coe L.. Sketch— 1907. 274; 1910,
391.
Creed Revision — 1892, 45.
Crete, Greece and Turkey — 1898, 249.
Crib Disaster in Chicago — 1910, 384.
Crime, Statistics of — 1908, 385; 1909, 267:
1910, 167; 1911, 135; 1912, 393.
Cripples in Chicago — 1905, 433; 1906, 440;
1911, 586; 1913, 618.
Crisis, Financial, in 1907 — 1908, 357.
Crocker Land Expedition — 1912, 210; 1913,
150; 1914, 184; 1917, 167.
Cronholm Affair— 1918, 501.
Cronin Case Chronology — 1890. 173. •
Crop Statistics — In each volume.
Cruce, Lee, Sketch — 1911, 333.
Cuba — In each volume since 1899.
Cuba, Constitutional Convention — 1901, 254;
1902. 144.
Cuba, Map — 1899. 122.
Cuba, Postal Frauds — 1901, 253.
Cuba. Revolt in — 1896, 93: 1897, 135; 1898,
275; 1899, 103; 1907, 248; 1913. 601.
Cuban Reciprocity Treaty — 1904, 221.
Cuban Self-Government Restored — 1910, 196.
Cudahy Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Culberson, C. A., Sketch — 1900, 128.
Cullom, S. M., Sketch — 1908, 354; Death ol,
1915, 119.
Cummins, Albert B., Sketch — 1907, 273 ; 1910,
391.
Cup, Drinking, Act — 1912, 88.
Currency Reform — 1901, 127; 1908, 364;
1909, 166.
Currency, Value in Gold — 1899, 254.
Curry, J. L. M., Sketch — 1903, 236.
Curtis, Charles, Sketch — 1908, 354.
Curtis, W. E., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Customs Court — 1910, 59.
Czar, Peace Declaration of — 1899. 102.
Czar's Address to Duma — 1907. 268.
Czar Nicholas II. Deposed — 1918, 508.
Czolgrosz, Leon — 1902, 109.
Daily News, Visit to The — 1885. 59; 1886, 90.
Dakota. Facts About — 1899, 180.
Dam, Elephant Butte — 1917, 302.
Damascus, Syria. Fire — 1913, 206.
Danbury Hat Case — 1909. 256: 1911, 111;
1913. 390; 1914, 559: 1915, 298: 1916, 251.
Daniels, Josephus, Sketch— 1914. 35.
Danish West Indies Treaty — 1903, 156; 1917.
420; Turned Over to United States, 1918.
508.
Darrow, C. S., Trial of — 1913, 397.
Dates of Recent Events — In each volume since
1904.
Davidson, James O.. Sketch — 1907. 274.
Davies, Joseph E., Sketch — 1914. 256.
Davis, George W., Sketch — 1905. 205.
Davis, Henry G., Sketch — 1905, 203.
Davis, Jefferson, Sketch — 1908. 354.
Davis, Will J., Trial — 1908. 78.
Dawes Hotel — 1915, 618.
Dawson, T. C., Sketch — 1910. 68.
Daylight Saving Movement — 1910, 68: 1917.
62.
Day Line. The — 1888. 13.
Day, To Find the — 1891. 141.
Day, W. R., Sketch — 1899. 221: 1904. 204.
Day, When It Begins — 1894, 204.
Days, Unlucky — 1888. 10.
Deaf and Blind in ChioaffO— 1905. 433; 1906,
440: 1909, 468; 1910, 510; 1911. 586;
1912, 565; 1913, 618.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOT.FME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1006
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Beaf in United States — 1907, 243; 1910, 113;
1911. 445; 1913, 488.
Deaf-Mule Schools — 1892, 96.
Death, Damages for— 1904. 363.
Death Kate— In each volume since 1902.
Death Roll — In each volume from 1890.
Deboe, W. J., Sketch — 1898, 208.
Debs, E. V., Sketch — 1901, 245; 1905, 204;
1909, 322; 1913. 387.
Debt and Wealth of Nations — 1894, 101; 1898.
142; 1900. 153.
Debt, Bonded, of States — 1893, 53.
Debt, Chicago City — In each, volume from
1890.
Debt, Cook County — In each volume from
1891.
Debt, National — In each volume frpm 1887.
Debts, National — In each volume since 1903.
Debts of American
since 1903.
Cities — In each volume
Debts of States — 1892, 97; 1893, 53; 1916,
212.
Debts, State and County — 1907, 260.
Deceased-Wife's-Sister Law — 1908, 73.
Decision, Steel Corporation — 1916, 48.
Decisions, Labor — 1916, 243.
Declaration of Independence — 1908, 31.
Declaration of London — 1912, 78; 1913. 178.
Decorations for Chieagoans — In each volume
since 1906.
Deep-Sea Depths — 1895, 168.
Deep Waterways — 1898, 236.
Deering, William, Death — 1914, 560.
Defalcations in 1893—1894, 374.
Defenbach-Unger Trial — 1902. 107.
Defense Council Law (111.) — 1918. 607.
Defense, Movement for — 1917, 199. 204, 234.
De Lome Letter — 1899, 109.
Deneen, Gov., on Deep Waterways — 1908, 399.
Denman-Goethals Dispute — 1918, 531.
Denmark — In each volume since 1902.
Depew, C. M., Sketch — 1900. 128.
Deportations, American Note on — 1917, 482,
483.
Deportations, Belgian and French — 1917, 482;
1918, 604.
Derby, American — See Sporting- Records.
Des Moines Plan of City Government — 1909,
237
Deutschland, Voyages of — 1917, 473.
Dewey, George, Sketch — 1899, 115. 222, 319;
Death, 1918, 240.
Diamonds, Celebrated — 1902. 98; 1906, 132,
and in succeeding' volumes.
Diamonds, Weight of — In each volume since
1904.
Diaz, Porfirio, Deposed — 1912, 211.
Dick, Charles. Sketch — 1905, 205.
Dickinson. J. M., Sketch — 1910, 33.
Dickinson, J. McG., Sketch — 1908, 354.
Diet for Fleshy Persons — 1903, 148.
Dietrich, Charles H.. Sketch — 1902. 99.
Dietz, John P., Case — 1912, 215.
Digestion, Time Required for — 1886, 83; 1903.
Diflingham, W. P., Sketch — 1901. 246; 1909.
DUlon, Lou, Pedigree — 1904, 228.
Dingley Tariff Bill — 1908, 69.
Diplomatic and Consular Service — In each
volume from 1886.
Diplomatic Buildings — 1912, 66.
Diplomatic Correspondence, U. S. — 1915, 370:
1916, 339, 360; 1917, 485.
Direct Primaries — 1912. 93.
Disarmament of Europe — 1899. 102.
Disease, Foot and Mouth — 1916, 215. 661.
Diseases, Contagious and Eruptive — 1886, 82.
Diseases, Occupational, Act — 1912, 91.
Distance and Sight— 1890. 181.
Distance Between Citie
1907.
-In each volume since
Distances from Chicago— 1902. 420; 1904,427:
1905. 379.
Distances Seen on Lakes — In each volume since
1908.
Distances to Insular Possessions-
1903, 162; 1904, 171; 1905. 21
Divorce Laws — 1893. 84; 1902, 140, and in
succeeding volumes.
Divorce Statistics — 1910, 214. and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Dix, John A., Sketch — 1911, 333.
Dixon, J. M., Sketch — 1908. 354.
Dockery. A. M.. Sketch— 1914. 256.
Dole, S. B., Sketch — 1901, 248.
Dollar, Bullion Value — 1892, 200.
Dollar, Silver in a — 1894, 198.
Dolliver, J. P., Sketch — 1901, 246: 1903. 234;
1908, 354.
Domestic Trade in U. S. — 1917. 172.
Don Carlos, Death of — 1910, 179.
Donnelly, I., Sketch — 1899, 223: 1901, 244.
Dowie, J. A.. Death of — 1908. 171.
Draft in Chicago — 1918, 572.
Draft Law — 1918. 397, 484.
Drago Doctrine — 1907, 66, and in succeeding
volumes.
Drainage Canal, Chicago— In each volume since
1891.
Drainage Decision — 1907, 395.
Drake, F. M., Sketch — 1896, 92.
Draper, W. F., Sketch — 1898, 204.
Dreyfus Case — 1907. 261.
Drink Bill of Nation — 1905. 52.
Drink Statistics — 1905, 86.
Drinking on Cars — 1912, 89.
Drought in 1910 — 1911, 84.
Drunkenness and Crime — 1888, 124.
Dry and Wet Cities and Towns in Illinois—
1916, 665.
Dry Dock. Largest — 1913, 187.
Dryden, J. F.. Sketch — 1903, 234.
Dubois, F. T., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Dudley, J. B.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
Duma. Russian— 1906. 311; 1907. 268: 1908.
100; 1909, 319.
Dumba, Ambassador, Recall — 1916, 34o.
Dun, E., Sketch — 1894, 60.
Dunne, Gov., Inauguration — 1914, 493.
Du Pont, Henry A., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Durand. E. D., Sketch — 1910. 392.
Duties on Imports — 1889. 23; 1890, 11; 1891.
141; 1895, 140; 1901, 12; 1903. 59. and in
succeeding volumes.
Dyer, N. M., Sketch — 1889. 223.
Dyestuffs. Manufacture of — 1917. 184.
Dynamite Case— 1913, 470: 1913. 397; 1914.
444; 1915, 310; 1916, 2977
Earth, Age of— 1889, 162.
Earthquake, Cartago— 1911, 140.
Earthquake in East — 1915. 152.
Earthquake in Italy — 1916, 49.
Earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica — 1908, 177.
Earthquake in Mexico City — 1912, 174.
Earthquake in San Francisco— 1907, 265.
Earthquake in Sicily and Calabria — 1909, 414;
1Q10 3*^4
Earthquake in Valparaiso — 1907, 264.
Earthquakes— 1906, 319. 347; 1908, 272, and
in succeeding volumes.
East River Bridges, New York— 1906, 38:
1909. 246.
East St. Louis Riots — 1918, 147.
Eastern Question — 1896, 249.
Eastland Disaster — 1916, 279.
Eastman Murder Trial — 1902, 107.
Eberhart, A. O.. Sketch — 1911. 333.
Eccles (W. Va.) Mine Disaster — 1915, 168.
Eclipses — See calendar in each volume.
Ecuador — In each volume since 1903.
Eddy. Mary Baker, Libel Case— 1902, 107:
Suit Against, 1908, 384; Death of. 1911. 408.
Eddystone Disaster — 1918. 502.
Education and War, Cost of — 189o, 366.
Education Board. General— 1909. 266; 1910.
325
Education, Board of, Chicago — 1902, 396, and
in succeeding volumes. .
Education, Statistics of — See Colleges and Uni-
versities, and Schools.
Education, Vocational. Law-— 1918, 47
Edward VII. — 1902, 99, 186. 196; 1903. 181.
Edwardsville Memorial — 1912, 89.
Egan, M. F., Sketch — 1908, 354.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1007
Egypt a Protectorate — 1916. 338.
Egypt — In each volume since 1903.
Eight Hour Law — 1913, 185; 1914, 236; Rail-
road Trainmen, 1917, 235, 240.
Election Calendars — 1905, 262, 417; 1906,
405. 406; 1907, 250, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Election Precincts in Chicago— 1904, 382;
1905, 417.
Elections, States, Territories and Local — In
every volume.
Electoral College, The — In each volume since
1902.
Electoral Reform — 1912, 91.
Electoral Vote — 1892, <k; 1894. 388: 1896.
404; 1898, 137, and in succeeding volumes.
Electrical Units — 1908. 269.
Electricity, Progress in — 1902, 95.
Electrification Report, Chicago — 1916, 669.
Elevation, Highest, in States — 1910, 248. and
in succeeding' volumes.
Elevation, American Cities — 1918, 107.
Elevation of Chicago — 1917, 716, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Eliot "Five-Foot" Library — 1910, 401.
Elizabeth Water Tunnel — 1912, 126.
Elkins Rebate Law — 1904, 97.
Elkins. S. B., Sketch — 1896, 91; 1908. 354.
Ellis Glenn Trial — 1902, 107.
Ellis. S. H.. Sketch — 1901. 245.
Emergency Revenue Act — 1917, 179.
Emmanuel, Victor, Attempt to Kill — 1913,
377.
Employers' Associations — 1905, 179. 430.
Employes, City. Number — 1904, 380; 1905.
412; 1908, 443, and in succeeding volumes.
Employes, Coercion of. Decision — 1916, 243.
Empress of Ireland Wreck— 1915. 232.
Endicott, Mordecai, Sketch — 1906. 299.
Engravings, To Transfer — 1889, 162.
Epileptic Colony Law— 1914, 492.
Episcopal Church — See Religious Statistics.
Equipment of a Soldier — 1918, 517.
Equitable Life Building Fire — 1913. 147.
Erie (Pa.) Flood— 1916, 423.
Ernst, Oswald H., Sketch — 1906. 299.
Esperanto Simplified — 1911, 82.
Espionage Law — 1918, 409.
Estate Taxes — 1918, 54, 439.
Estates of Realm, Three — 1912, 188.
European War (see War) — 1915, 237.
Eustis, J. B., Sketch — 1894. 59.
Evans, H. C., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Evans, R. D., Sketch — 1899, 225.
Events, Domestic and Foreign — In each vol-
ume.
Ewing, J. S., Sketch — 1894, 59.
Excess Profits Taxes — 1918, 54, 429.
Excise Laws — 1896, 221; 1918, 435.
Exclusion Law — 1908, 340.
Executions in Cook County — 1913, 561.
Exemptions, Digest of — 1894, 53.
Expectation of Life— 1886, 15: 1912, 100;
1917. 42.
Expedition to France — 1918. 543.
Expenditures and Receipts of the Government
— In each volume since 1891.
Explosion in Jersey City — 1912. 137: 1917, 66.
Explosion, Pleasant Prairie — 1912, 140.
Explosives Act — 1918, 450.
Exports Council — 1918. 488.
Exports and Imports of Merchandise and Gold
and Silver — In each volume from 1891.
Exports. U. S. Leader in — 1916, 122.
Exposition, Lewis and Clark — 1905, 138; 1906,
349.
Exposition, St. Louis — 1903, 127; 1904, 222;
1905. 368.
Expositions, National — 1908, 352; 1909, 333.
Express Business — 1911, 70; 1912, 192: 1913,
73; 1916, 205.
Facts Briefly Stated— 1888, 127.
Failures — In each volume since 1894.
Fairbanks, C. W., Sketch — 1898, 208; 1904,
202: 1905, 203.
Falconio. D., Sketch — 1903, 237: 1912, 404.
Fall. Albert B.. Sketch — 1913. 256; Speech on
Mexican Situation, 1915, 222.
Fallieres, C. A., Sketch — 1907, 274; Attempt
to Kill, 1908, 274.
Fame, Hall of — 1902, 72; 1906. 353, and in
succeeding volumes.
Families and Homes — 1904, 74, 382; 1905.
71; 1906, 70; 1907, 58; 1908. 58; 1909.
59; 1910, 91.
Famine in China — 1912, 395.
Famine in Sweden and Finland — 1904, 122.
Fares, Hack and Cab, Chicago — In each volume
since 1902.
Farley, J. M.> Sketch — 1903, 237; 1912, 404.
Farmers' Organizations — 1891, 116; 1892, 186,
190; 1893, 335, 285; 1894, 181; 1895, 224;
1896, 230; 1897, 178; 1898, 140.
Farm Loan Act — 1917, 241, 240.
Farms in the United States — In each volume
since 1903.
Farms, Wealth on — 1912. 166.
Farrell, James A., Sketch — 1912, 404.
Fastest Ocean Passages— 1894, 106: 1904,122,
and in succeeding: volumes.
Fastest Trips Around World — 1912, 108: 1914.
142; 1915, 40.
Fates, The Three — 1912, 188.
Federal Reserve Banks — 1915, 333, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Ferdinand, Archduke, Assassination — 1915.
368.
Fergus Injunction Suit — 1916, 662.
Ferguson (Gov.) Impeachment — 1918, 182.
Ferguson Monument Fund — 1906, 360, and in
succeeding rolumes to 1910.
Field, J., Sketch — 1893, 62.
Field, Marshall, Death and Will of — 1907. 438.
Field Museum — In each volume since 1902.
Figures, Curiosities of — 1890, 188.
Filchner Expedition — 1912, 210.
Films. Prize Fight, Barred — 1913, 188.
Financial Statistics — In each volume.
Finland, Famine in— 1904. 122.
Finland, Transport Torpedoed — 1918, 542.
Fire Marshal, Illinois — 1910, 449.
Fires and Fire Losses — In each volume since
1902.
Firms in Chicago — 1918, 694.
Firms, Old Chicago Business — 1917, 641 and
in succeeding volumes.
Fisher, Walter L., Sketch — 1912, 405.
Fisheries Dispute — 1892, 44; 1893, 65: 1894.
37; Settled. 1911, 69; 1912. 99.
Fisheries, Lake — 1903, 272.
Fisheries, Mississippi — 1902, 215.
Flag Day Address, Wilson's — 1918, 470.
Flag Display Days — 1913, 555, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Flag, History of Our — 1893, 92; 1909. 264.
Flag, U. S., Dimensions of — 1917, 167.
Flag, U. S., Insulted in Mexico— 1915, 223.
Flags of Allies — 1918. 534.
Flags, Special United States — 1898, 255.
Flint, Frank P., Sketch — 1906, 297.
Flood, Aiistin, Pa. — 1912, 273.
Flood, Black River Falls, Wis. — 1912, 394.
Flood, Johnstown — 1890, 167.
Flood in Erie, Pa. — 1916. 423.
Flood in Mexico — 1910, 95.
Flood in Mississippi Valley — 1913, 116; 1915.
518.
Flood in Ohio and Indiana — 1914, 447; 1915.
518.
Flood in Paris — 1911, 92.
Flood in Pittsburgh — 1908, 152.
Flood in Texas — 1914, 447.
Flower Symbols of Months — 1912. 140, and
in succeeding volumes.
Folks, Homer, Sketch — 1911, 333.
Food Administration — 1918, 528.
Food Conservation — 1918, 417, 529.
Food Consumed — 1901, 136.
Food Economy in War — 1918, 528.
Football Accidents — In each volume since
1911.
Foot and Mouth Disease— 1916. 215.
Foraker, J. B., Sketch — 1897, 160; 1903. 23-4.
Foreign Born Population — In each volume
since 1903.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1008
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Foreign Born Population, Chicago — 1899, 466 ;
1904, 381, and in succeeding- volumes.
Foreign Carrying- Trade — In each volume from
1889.
Foreign Countries, Area, Population, etc —
1886, 86; 1890, 20; 1896, 62, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Foreign Language Newspaper Act — 1918, 452.
Forest Fires — 1912, 467.
Forest Preserve, Cook County — 1911, 503;
Void, 1912, 527; 1916, 576; 1917, 661, and
in succeeding volumes.
Forest Resources of United States — 1910, 171.
Forests and Forest Reservations — 1889, 23;
1903, 197, and in succeeding volumes.
Formosa, Earthauake in — 1907, 267.
Fort Sheridan Training Camp — 1916, 650.
Fortune Telling Law — 1918, 610.
Fortunes, Great American — 1913. 428.
Fortymile Gold District — 1918. 155.
Fosburg-h Murder Trial— 1902. 107.
Foss. Eugene N., Sketch — 1911, 333.
Foster, A. G., Sketch — 1900, 128.
Foster, M. J., Sketch — 1901, 302.
Fountain of Time — 1914, 562.
Fountains in Chicago — 1902, 395: 1903. 398;
1907, 440, and in succeeding volumes.
France — In each volume since 1902.
France and Siam — 1894. 68.
France and Turkey — 1902, 217.
Franchises. Street-Car, Chicago — 1906, 446;
1907, 440.
Francis, Charles S., Sketch — 1902, 99; 1907.
273.
Francis Joseph, Emperor, Death — 1917. 469.
Franco-Japanese Agreement — 1908, 189.
Franco-Moroccan Trouble — 1908. 244.
Frank, Leo M., Lynching — 1916, 304.
Fraternal Societies-^— See Sopieties, Secret.
Fraternity Houses in Chicago — 1914, 559.
Frederick VIII., Sketch — 1907, 274; Death of.
1913, 168.
Free List in Payne-Aldrich Tariff — 1910, 53.
Freight Rates — 1891, 302.
French Church Law — 1906, 352.
French Deportations — 1917, 482.
French Mission in Chicago — 1918, 571.
French War Mission — 1918. 527.
French, W. R., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Fruits, Whence Imported — 1915, 32.
Fryatt, Capt., Execution of — 1917. 474.
Frye, W. P., Case of the — 1916, 340, 405.
Frye, W. P., Sketch — 1908, 354.
Fuel Administration — 1918, 529.
Fuller, Chief Justice, Death — 1911, 78.
Fulton. C. W., Sketch— 1904, 202.
Fulton-Hudson Celebration — 1910, 213.
Funston F., Sketch — 1900. 129; .in Mexico,
1915, 227; Death of, 1918, 144.
Furies, Three — 1912, 188.
Gadsden Purchase. The — 1901. 134.
Gage, Lyman J., Sketch — 1898. 201.
Gaillard. David D., Death — 1914. 428.
Gallinger, Jacob H., Sketch — 1904, 202; 1910.
392.
Gallipoli Evacuated — 1917, 530.
Galveston Hurricane — 1901, 402.
Galveston Sea Wall — 1905, 124.
Gamble, Robert J., Sketch — 1902, 99; 1908,
355.
Game and Fish Laws — 1896, 211; 1902, 95,
and- in succeeding volumes.
Gapon, Father, Killed — 1907, 270.
Gardens, Zoological — 1911, 173; 1912. 246.
Gardner, Washington, Sketch — 1914, 257.
Gardner, William A., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Garrison, L. M., Sketch, 1914, 35; Resignation,
1917. 199.
Gary, F. B., Sketch — 1909, 322.
Gary, J. A., Sketch — 1898, 202.
Gas, Price of, Chicago — 1906, 394.
Gasoline from Natural Gas — 1918, 526.
Gatun Dam — 1911, 63; 1912. 118; 1914, 351.
Gaynor-Greene Case — 1907, 162.
Gear. John H.. Sketch — 1905. 105.
Gearin. John M.. Sketch — 1907. 272.
Gem Symbols of Months — 1912, 210, and in
succeeding volumes.
General, Grade of, Revived — 1918, 450.
General Slocum Disaster — 1905, 12-i; 1906.
19; 1907. 298.
George I. Assassinated — 1914, 138.
George V., Accession of — 1911,. 67; Coronation
of. 1912, 131; Relatives of. 1912. 108.
Georgia, Explosion on — 1908, 119.
Gerard, James W., Sketch — 1914, 257.
German Submarine Promise — 1917, 489.
German Tariff Agreement — 1908, 379.
Germantown Monument — 1912, 67.
Germany — 1902, 116, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Germany Defies America— 1918. 379.
Gettysburg Address — 1914, 39.
Gettysburg Semicentennial — 1914, 199.
Gibson, Paris, Sketch — 1902, 99.
Gifts, Notable — 1902, 68; 1903, 188, and in
succeeding volumes.
Gifts, Seven, of Spirit — 1912, 188.
Gilbert, N. W., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Gilman, D. C., Sketch — 1897, 159: 1903, 238.
Glasgow Exposition — 1902, 338.
Glass Industry — 1908, 44.
Gobin, J. P. S., Sketch — 1898, 210.
God in Forty-Eight Languages — 1888, 128.
Gods and Goddesses — 1912, 126; 1913, 28.
Goethals. G. W., Sketch — 1908. 355.
Goethals-Denman Dispute — 1918. 531.
Goff, Nathan, Sketch — 1914, 257.
Gold and Silver Legislation — 1891, 110; 1897.
65; 1901. 127.
Gold and Silver Question — 1896, 177.
Gold and Silver Statistics — In each volume
from 1891.
Gold Assayed at Seattle — 1903. 41.
Gold Nuggets — 1896. 342; 1898, 42.
Gompers Case Decision — 1910. 275.
Gore, T. P., Sketch — 1908. 355; 1910, 392.
Gorgas, W. C., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Gorftz, Capture of — 1917. 530.
Gorman, A. P., Sketch — 1903. 234.
Gothenburg System, The — 1895, 103.
Governments. Foreign — See Foreign Countries.
Governors — See States.
Grace. Days of — 1904, 18; 1905, 20, and in
succeeding volumes.
Graces. Three — 1912. 188.
Graft in San Francisco — 1908. 344.
Graham, W. M., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Grain and Produce Statistics, Chicago — In ea<-h
volume from 1891.
Grain Measures — 1891, 125.
Grain Standards Act — 1917, 193.
Grand Army — In each volume from 1889.
Grant, A. W., Sketch — 1918, 489.
Grant, F. D., Death of — 1913, 73.
Grants to Railroads — 1898. 279.
Graves, H. S., Sketch — 1911. 334.
Graves, J. T., Sketch — 1909, 321.
Gray, George, Sketch — 1903, 238.
Gray, I. P., Sketch — 1894. 60.
Great Britain — In each volume since 1902.
Great Britain, Arbitration with — 1898. 260.
Great Britain and Venezuela — 1896, 86; 1897.
127; 1898, 253.
Great Lakes Naval Station — 1912, 246; 1918,
275, and in succeeding volumes.
Great Northern Strike — 1895, 78.
Great Seal of U. S. — 1915, 92.
Greater New York — 1895. 366.
"Greatest in the World" — 1902, 216.
Greece — In each volume since 1902.
Greece, Crete and Turkey — 1898, 249.
Greece, King of. Deposed — 1918, 515.
Greek Church Calendar — 1905, 13; 1906, 14;
1907, 13, and in succeeding volumes.
Greenhalge, P. T., Sketch — 1896. 92.
Greenland Expedition, Danish — 1909, 190.
Gregory, S. S., Sketch — 1912. 405.
Gresham, W. Q.. Sketch — 1894. 57.
Gridley, C. V., Sketch — 1899, 223.
Griggs. J. W., Sketch — 1896, 93; 1899, 221.
Griscom, Lloyd C., Sketch — 1904, 206.
Gronna, Asle J.. Sketch — 1912. 405.
Grunsby, Carl E.. Sketch — 1905. 205.
Guam — In each volume since 1900.
Guam, Capture of — 1899, 140.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1919.
1009
Guard. National — 1888, 29; 1889, 33; 1895,
71; 1896, 50; 1902, 332; 1904, 180; 1908,
217, and in succeeding volumes.
Guard, National, Illinois — In each volume eince
-In each volume since 1902.
Transcontinental Railroad — 1909,
Guatemala-
Guatemala
66.
Guggenheim, S., Sketch — 1908, 355.
Guild, Curtis, Sketch — 1907, 274.
Guilford Battle Monument — 1912, 67.
Gum, Money Spent for — 1917, 53.
Gun, Maxim, Noiseless — 1909, 281.
Gunness Murders — 1909, 283.
Gunnison Water Tunnel — 1912. 126.
Guthrie. G. W., Sketch — 1914, 257.
Haakon VII., King — 1906. 132. 300.
Hackett. F. W., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Hains, Peter C., Sketch — 1906, 299.
Haiti — In each volume since 1902.
Haiti, Revolution in — 1909, 414; 1912, 130;
1916, 209.
Haiti's President Killed — 1913, 220; 1916, 209.
Haiti, Treaty with — 1917, 163.
Halifax Disaster — 1918, 514.
Halley's Comet — 1910. 332; 1911, 32.
Hamilton-Day Murder Trial — 1902, 107.
Hamilton, J. W.. Sketch — 1901, 250.
Hamlin, C. S., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Hanford, Benjamin, Sketch — 1905, 204; 1909.
322.
Hanford Impeachment Case — 1913, 220.
Hangings in Cook County — 1914, 530.
Hanna, M. A., Sketch — 1898. 209.
Hansbrough. H. C., Sketch— 1904, 202.
Hanson, Inga, Trial — 1906. 162.
Harahan, J. T., Killed — 1913, 126.
Harbor Commission, Chicago — 1909, 541;
1910, 530; 1912, 602. 620; 1913, 573;
1914, 467.
Harbor Lights, Chicago — 1908, 491, and in
succeeding volumes.
Harbor, Outer. Plans — 1913. 550; 1914, 485.
Hardinge, C., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Hardy, A. S., Sketch — 1898, 205; 1900, 125;
1904, 205.
Harlan, J. M., Death of — 1912. 225.
Harlan on Oil and Tobacco Trusts — 1912, 45.
62.
Harlan. Richard D., Sketch — 1902, 99.
Harmon, J., Sketch — 1896. 87; 1911, 334.
Harper, William R., Death of — 1907, 242.
Harriman, E. H., Death of — 1910, 209.
Harriman, Job, Sketch — 1901, 245.
Harriman Railroad Decision — 1913, 398.
Harris, A. C., Sketch — 1900, 125.
Harris, George B.. Sketch — 1902. 100.
Harris, W. A., Sketch — 1898, 208.
Harrison Antinarcotic Act — 1916, 236.
Harrison. Benjamin, Letter of— 1893. 156:
Sketch, 1893, 60.
Harrison, F. B., Sketch — 1914. 257.
Harrod. Benjamin M., Sketch — 1905. 205.
Hart, C. B.. Sketch — 1898, 206.
Harvest and Hunter's Moon— 1912. 24: 1914.
56, and in succeeding volumes.
Harvester Trust — 1903, 182; 1913, 54; De-
cision, 1915, 176.
Harvests of the World — 1890, 188.
Harvey, L. D.. Sketch — 1909. 325.
Hatters' Case. Danbury — 1916, 251.
Hawaii — In each volume since 1900.
Hawaii. Annexation of — 1899, 145; 1901, 134.
Hawaii, Map of — 1899. 143.
Hawaiian Question — 1894, 71; 1895, 98; 1898.
Hawkins, H. S., Sketch — 1899, 228.
Hawley, Edwin, Sketch — 1910, 392.
Hay Army Bill — 1917, 203, 204.
Hay, John, Sketch — 1898, 203; Death, 1906.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty — 1901. 280; 1902, 331.
Hay, Rules to Measure — 1888, 11.
Hay Statistics — See Agriculture.
Hayward, M. L., Sketch — 1900, 127.
Hay wood Murder Trial — 1908, 80.
Health Resorts — 1903, 162.
Heat, Excessive — 1887, 16; 1902, 112.
Heavens, Chart of — 1909, 446.
Hebrew Race— 1888. 128.
Hecker, Frank J., Sketch — 1905, 205.
Heights and Weights of Persons — 1908, 330;
1910, 151, and in succeeding volumes.
Heitfeld, H., Sketch — 1898, 208.
Helgoland Bight. Battle of— 1916. 323.
Hemenway, James A., Sketch — 1906, 297.
Henderson, D. B., Sketch — 1900, 129; With-
drawal of. 1903, 155.
Hennepin Canal Law — 1901, 113; Canal
Opened, 1908, 231; 1909, 88, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Henry, James A., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Henry, Prince, Visit of — 1903, 152.
Heppner (Ore.) Disaster — 1904, 102.
Herbert, H. A., Sketch — 1894, 57.
Herbert, M. H., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Herrick, M. T., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Herron, George D., Trial — 1901, 107.
Herzegovina, Annexation — 1909, 318.
Heyburn. W. D., Sketch — 1904, 202; 1910,
392.
Hibben, John G., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Higginson, F. J., Sketch — 1899, 225.
High School Colors — 1911, 90; 1912. 243.
High Structures — 1909, 330; 1910, 404; 1911.
131.
Highest Points in the United States — 1900,
212; 1910, 248, and in succeeding volumes.
Hill, David J., Sketch — 1899, 221; 1904, 206.
Hill, James 3., Death of — 1917, 118.
Hill, John F., Sketch — 1910, 392.
Hilles, C. D., Sketch — 1912, 405.
Hindenburg Retreat — 1918, 547.
Hisgen, Thomas L.. Sketch — 1909, 321.
Hitchcock, E. A., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Hitchcock, F. H., Sketch — 1909. 323; 1910.
33
Hitchcock, G. M., Sketch — 1912, 405.
Hobart, G. A., Sketch — 1897, 153.
Hobson. R. P., Sketch — 1899, 226.
Hoch, Edward W., Sketch — 1907, 274.
Hoch, Johann. Trial— 1906, 162; 1909. 282.
Hodgson, D. B., Sketch — 1899, 226.
Holidays, Legal — In each volume since 1893.
Holland — In each volume since 1902.
Holland and Venezuela — 1909, 414.
Hollis, H. F., Sketch — 1914, 257.
Holmes Case — 1909, 282.
Holmes, O. W., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Home Rule, Irish — 1891, 332; 1894, 210;
1913, 422; 1914, 397; 1915, 235; 1916, 44.
Homes and Farms — 1894, 209.
Homestead Laws — 1900, 373; 1904, 105;
1913. 189; 1914. 867.
Homicides and Executions — 1913, 210.
Honduras — In each volume since 1902.
Honduras-Nicaraguan War — 1908. 188.
Hongkong- Typhoon— 1907. 267.
Hookworm Commission — 1910, 326; 1911.
116; 1912, 163; 1913, 539.
Hopkins, A. J., Sketch — 904, 203.
Hopkins, Henry, Sketch — 1903. 237.
Hornblower, W. B., Sketch — 1894. 61.
Horse, Draft of — 1887, 14.
Horse Meat in Vienna — 1902. 98.
Horse Statistics — See Agriculture.
Horses, High Priced — 1891. 62; 1902, 297.
Hospitals, Chicago — 1902, 406. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Hospitals in United States — 1907, 65, and in
succeeding volumes.
Hot Springs (Ark.) Fire — 1914, 66.
Hotels in Chicago — 1914, 565, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Hottest Days in Chicago— 1913, 572; 1914.
588, and in succeeding volumes.
House of Lords, Power of — 1908, 188; 1912,
78.
Houston. D. 8.. Sketch — 1914. 35.
Houston (Tex.) Fire — 1913, 125.
Houston (Tex.) Negro Outbreak — 1918. 577.
Howe, A. M., Sketch — 1901, 246.
Hudson-Fulton Celebration — 1910. 213.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1010
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Hughes, Charles E.. Sketch — 1907. 274; 1911.
334.
Hughes, William, Sketch — 1914, 257.
Hungary- Austria Crisis — 1906, 347.
Hunt. William H., Sketch — 1902, 100.
Hunting Accidents — 1910, 433, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Hunter, W. G., Sketch — 1898. 205. •»
Hunters' Moon — 1914, 56, and in succeeding
volumes. «
Hutchins. H. H., Sketch— 1911. 334.
Huttig. C. H., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Hymns, National — 1912, 291; 1913, 333;
1914, 202; 1915, 174; 1916, 425; 1917,
467; 1918. 251.
Ibsen, Henrik, Death of — 1907. 183.
Ice. Data and Navigation — 1898, 238.
Idaho. Facts About — 1889, 180.
Ide. H. C., Sketch — 1901. 248; .1910, 392.
Ides and Nones — 1909. 32.
Idleness. Causes oi— 1915. 213.
Ido, Rules oi — 1911. 82.
Illinois Administration Code— 1918. 598.
Illinois and Michigan Canal — 1900. 428; 1907.
395.
Illinois Centennial — 1918, 628.
Illinois Central Revenue — 1900, 164.
Illinois Central Suits — 1912, 515.
Illinois Civil List — In each volume since 1887.
Illinois Congressional Districts — In each vol-
ume since 1902.
Illinois, Earthquake in — 1913, 44.
Illinois. Governors — 1885, 14; 1908, 432:
1909, 440, and in succeeding volumes.
Illinois Legislation — See Legislation, Illinois.
Illinois. Population — 1892, 56; 1902, 367, and
in succeeding volumes.
Illinois School Law — 1891, 66.
Illinois State Flower and Tree — 1909, 424.
Illinois State Legislature — In each volume.
Illinois Vote — In each volume.
Illinois War Bodies — 1918. 567.
Illiteracy in Europe— 1891, 67: 1899, 69.
Illiteracy in United States— 1889. 188: 1897.
290: 1899, 68: 1902. 57. and in succeeding
volumes.
Illiterates in Chicago — 1905, 433: 1906, 440;
1907. 424: 1909. 468. and in succeeding
volumes.
Immigrants. Destination of — 1897, 289; 1898,
80; 1913. 499.
Immigrants, Foreign — In each volume since
1888.
Immigrants, Illiteracy of — 1897. 290.
Immigrants, Money Brought by — 1897. 290.
Immigrants, Occupation of — 1897, 289.
Immigration Bill Veto — 1916, 241.
Immigration Law — 1905, 69; 1906, 78, and in
succeeding volumes.
Immigration Law of 1917—1918. 45.
Immigration Statistics — In each volume.
Immunity of Witnesses — 1907, 175.
Impeachment, Archbald-«-1914, 201.
Impeachment Cases — 1916. 242; 1918, 241.
Impeachment, Ferguson — 1918, 182.
Impeachment. Sulzer — 1914. 201.
Imports — In each volume.
Imports Under Reciprocity — 1892, 130.
Inaugural — 1894, 79; 1898, 211; 1910, 31;
1918, 39.
Income Tax Amendment — 1914, 48.
Income Tax, British — 1916, 253, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Income Tax Collection — 1918, 184.
Income Tax Law — 1895, 227; 1910, 35; 1911.
52, 328; 1912. 129; 1913, 247: 1914, 249
(text); 1915. 102: 1918, 428, 441.
Incomes. Taxable — 1915, 520, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Incorporation Fees. Illinois — 1904, 402.
Indemnity. Chinese — 1909, 163.
Independence, Declaration of — 1908, 31; 19O9,
31.
India — In each volume since 1902.
India Plasrue and Famine — 1902, 107; 1906,
76: 1908. 337: 1912. 308.
India, Riots in — 1908, 80.
Indian Reservation — 1891, 68; 1905. 119. and
in succeeding volumes.
Indian Schools — 1891, 68; 1892, 58; 1893.
237; 1894, 215; 1897, 172; 1898, 128; 1899.
230; 1900, 282: 1901, 284; 1902, 148.
Indian Territory Statehood — 1907, 175.
Indiana Floods— 1914. 447.
Indians in United States — 1892. 93; 1902. 54.
and in succeeding volumes.
Industrial Board, Illinois — 1914, 492, 558.
Industrial Combinations — 1903, 64; 1904, 85.
Industrial Growth — 1897, 58.
Industrial Peace Foundation — 1912, 128.
Industrial Workers of World, Strikes, Doc-
trines— 1918. 193, 557.
Industry, Centers of — 1903, 27.
Industry, Returns of — 1897, 179.
"In God We Trust" — 1894, 201; 1909, 163.
Information, Committee on Public — 1918. 550.
Inheritance Tax — 1904, 389. and in succeed-
ing volumes; Inheritance Tax, U. S. — 1917.
180.
Initiative, The — 1912, 91.
Insane in United States — 1906, 243; 1908, 61.
and in succeeding volumes.
Insignia, Army and Navy — 1918, 486, 487.
Inspection of Live Stock — 1891. 121.
Institute of Arts and Letters — 1914, 354.
Insular Case Decision — 1902, 101.
Insurance Laws, Workmen's — 1914. 139.
Insurance, Statistics — 1896, 226; 1902, 132;
1906, 346, and in succeeding volumes.
Insurance, War — 1918, 415, 453, 488.
Interallied War Conference — 1918, 525.
Interest, Rates of — In each volume since 1897.
Interest, Table of — In each volume since 1902.
Intermountain Rate Case-^915. 95.
Internal Revenue Statistics — In each volume.
International Monetary Conference — 1894, 67.
Internment Camps — 1918, 532.
Inventions — 1917, 47.
Ireland — 1904, 211; 1905, 109; 1906, 117;
1912, 201, and in succeeding volumes.
Ireland, Revolt in — 1917, 481.
Irish Home Rule — See Home Rule, Irish.
Irish Land-Purchase Law — 1904, 210.
Iron and Steel Production — 1892. 121; 1895,
172; 1900. 267: 1904. 50: 1905. 38; 1906.
141. and in succeeding volumes.
Iron Ore, Supply of — 1910. 173.
Iron. Pig, Product — 1891, 90; 1895, 172;
1907, 88, and in succeeding volumes.
Iron Workers' Cases — See Dynamite Cases.
Iroquois Theater Fire — 1904, 449; 1905, 246;
1906. 134; 1908, 78.
Irrigation Conventions — 1895, 259.
Irrigation of Arid Lands — 1900. 281; 1905,
44; 1908, 74, 369, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Irving, Henry, Death of — 1906. 296.
Irwin. J. N.. Sketch — 1900, 125.
Isle of Pines Decision — 1908. 386.
Italian War Mission — 1918, 527.
Italo-Turkish War — 1912. 412; 1913, 422;
1914, 130.
Italy — 1902, 117, and in subsequent volumes.
Italy. Difficulty with — 1893, 59.
Italy Enters European War — 1916, 316.
Italy, Weekly Rest Day — 1909, 30.
Ito, Prince, Assassination — 1910, 281.
Jackson, H. E., Sketch — 1894. 61.
Jacksonville (Fla.) Fire — 1902, 82.
Jacob Jones Sunk — 1918, 542.
Jamaica Hurricane — 1904. 354.
James, E. J., Sketch — 1903. 237.
James, Ollie, Sketch — 1913. 388.
Jamestown Exposition — 1908, 352.
Japan — In each volume since' 1902.
Japan-California Land Dispute — 1914, 399.
Japan, China and Korea — 1895, 235; 1896.
76.
Japan, Death of Emperor — 1913. 225.
Japan, Earthquake in — 1915. 237.
Japanese- American Agreement — See American-
Japanese Agreement.
Japanese Antarctic Expedition — 1912, 210.
Japanese-Chinese Dispute — 1916. 173.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
1011
Japanese-English Alliance — 1903. 145; 1906.
127; 1912. 30.
Japanese Kxclusipn — 1908, 77; 1910, 182.
Japanese Exposition — 1908, 379.
Japanese-French Treaty — 1908, 189.
Japanese in Schools— 1907, 348; 1908, 340.
Japanese in the United States — 1902, 54;
1904. 64; 1907, 348. and in succeeding
volumes.
Japanese-Russian Treaty — 1908, 189; 1911,
52; 1917, 256.
Japanese-Russian War — 1905, 279; 1906, 301;
1907, 99; 1908, 135; 1909, 37; 1910, 207:
1911. 68; 1912. 122.
Japanese Treaty, The — 1895, 231.
Jarvis, T. J., Sketch — 1895. 105.
Jaures, Jean, Assassination — 1915, 64.
Jed Mine Disaster — 1913, 260.
Jeflries-Johnson Figrht — 1911, 232.
Jena, Explosion on the — 1908, 22.
Jerome. W. T.. Sketch — 1906, 300.
Jersey City Explosion — 1912. 137.
Jersey City Fire — 1917, 66.
Jerusalem Captured — 1918, 516.
Jett, Curtis, Trial of — 1904. 245.
Jette, Louis A., Sketch — 1904, 205.
Jewish Movement to Palestine — 1899, 308.
Jews. Distribution of — 1904, 126; 1905, 228;
1906. 347.
Jews in America — 1897, 162; 1904, 126.
Jews Massacred in Russia — 1904, 221; 1906,
312; 1907. 270.
Joan of Arc Beatification — 1910, 196.
Joffre, Gen., in Chicago— 1918, 571.
Johnson, C. F. Sketch — 1912, 405.
Johnson, Hale. Sketch — 1897, 155.
Johnson, H. W., Sketch — 1913, 387.
Johnson, John A.. Sketch — 1907, 274.
Johnson, W. M., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Johnston, J. F., Sketch — 1908, 355.
Joliet Prison Riot — 1918, 733.
Jones. Charles R., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Jones, Wesley L., Sketch — 1910. 392.
Judges, Impeachment of — 1916. 242.
Judicial Code, U. S.-^-1912, 65.
Judicial Recall, Arizona — 1913, 493.
Judicial Recall Veto — 1912, 74.
Judiciary, Cook County — In each volume.
Judiciary, United States — In each volume.
Juliana. Princess, Holland — 1910, 321.
Jusserand, J., Sketch — 1903, 236.
Justices. Chicago — 1902, 391- 1903. 410, 412:
1904. 394; 1905. 408: 1906, 444.
Jutland, Battle of — 1917. 470.
Juul Law Decision — 1913, 427.
Kansas Coercion (Labor) Case — 1916. 243.
Katmai Crater — 1918. 193.
Karageorgeviteh, Peter, Sketch — 1904, 206.
Kean, John, Sketch — 1900, 127.
Kearns, Thomas, Sketch — 1902, 100.
Kearsarge Explosion — 1907, 16.
Keifer, J. W., Sketch — 1899. 228.
Kellogg, F. B., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Kenesaw Mountain Monument — 1912, 89.
Kennedy Bequests — 1910, 327.
Kenney, R. R., Sketch — 1898. 207.
Kent, J. F., Sketch — 1899, 229.
Kenyon, William S., Sketch — 1912. 405.
Kern, J. W., Sketch — 1909, 321; 1912. 405.
Khabarovsk Railway Bridge — 1918. 152.
Kidnaping Cases, Famous — 1910. 112.
Kingsland (N. J.) Explosion — 1918. 502.
Kingston Earthquake and Fire — 1908, 177.
Kinmundy (111.) Railroad Wreck — 1913. 126.
Kitchener, Lord, Death of — 1917. 470.
Kittredge. Alfred B., Sketch — 1902, 100: 1904,
203.
Knox, Philander C., Sketch — 1902, 100; 1904,
203; 1910. 35.
Kongo— In each volume since 1902.
Korea — In each volume since 1903.
Korea Annexed by Japan — 1911. 129.
Kristianiafjord, Wreck of — 1918, 147.
Kroonland Medals — 1915, 290.
Kruger, Paul, Death of — 1905. 138.
Kut-el-Amara Surrender — 1917, 530.
Kwantung, Rebellion in — 1912. 78.
Labor Agents Convicted — 1918, 40.
Labor, Alien Contract — 1912. 103.
Labor. Convict — 1898, 93.
Labor Decisions — 1916, 243.
Labor Injunctions — 1908, 366.
Labor Law, Child — 1917. 192.
Labor Laws-7-1895, 90.
Labor Organizations — 1902, 97. and In suc-
ceeding volumes.
Labor Troubles — See Strikes.
Labor Unions, Statistics ol — 1907, 252; 1908.
158.
Ladrones — 1899, 139.
LaFollette, R. M.. Sketch — 1906. 297; 1913,
388.
LaFollette Seaman Law — 1916, 233.
Lake Front Agreement — 1912, 486; 1913, 542;
1914, 556; 1916. 667.
Lake Marine — 1896, 245: 1898. 55; 1901,
169; 1906. 454; 1907, 440.
Lakes and Rivers Commission Act — 1912, 86.
Lakes, Equipment of — 1.892. 194.
Lakes, Largest in United States — 1918, 255.
Lakes, Size of — 1885, 11; 1908, 170. and in
succeeding volumes.
Lakes Under Deserts — 1918. 223.
Lakes-to-Gulf Waterway — 1908, 399: 1909,
548; 1910, 72, 403; 1911, 313; 1912. 291.
Lament. D. S., Sketch — 1894. 57.
Lamoreux, S. W., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Land Grant Forfeitures — 1891, 112.
Land Monopoly — 1888, 125.
Land Owning: Aliens— 1896. 81.
Land Purchase Law, Irish — 1904, 210.
Land Resources of United States — 1910, 170.
Lands, Mineral — 1900, 375.
Lands, Public — In each volume from 1886.
Lane, F. K., Sketch — 1914. 35.
Lane. Harry. Sketch — 1914. 257.
Languages Spoken — 1894. 180; 1896, 201:
1901, 137; 1909. 172; 1910. 321; 1911, 52:
1912. 98.
Languages Spoken in Chicago — 1904, 405.
Lansing, Robert, Made Secretary of State — ••
1916, 335; Note on Mexican Disorders, 1917,
535.
Lapiner Kidnaping: Case — 1910, 112.
Larchmont, Wreck of the — 1908, 177.
Lard, Price of — In each volume from 1891.
Lassen Park Act — 1917, 195.
Lassen's Peak, Eruption — 1915. 232.
Lathrop, Julia C., Sketch — 1913, 388.
Latimer, A. C., Sketch — 1904, 203.
Lawler Monument — 1912, 89.
Lawrence Textile Strike — 1913, 372.
Lawton, H. W., Sketch — 1899. 228.
Lea. Luke. Sketch — 1912, 405.
Leconte, President, Killed — 1913. 220.
Lee, Fitzhugh, Sketch — 1899, 228.
Leech, John S., Sketch — 1909. 323.
Leelanaw Case — 1917, 499.
Legacy Tax Law — 1901, 91.
Legal Decisions — 1908, 338; 1909, 255
Legations, Foreign, in United States — In eacto
volume from 1887.
Legislation. Illinois — 1902, 374; 1904. 355;
1906, 379; 1908, 403, and in succeeding;
volumes.
Legislation, Important — In each volume.
Legislature, Illinois — In each volume.
Legislatures, State — See States.
Legler, Henry E., Sketch — 1910, 393.
Lefshman, J. G.. Sketch — 1898. 206.
Leo XIII., Death of — 1904, 112.
Leonard, J. F. R., Sketch — 1901. 244.
Leupp, Francis E., Sketch — 190R. 299.
Levees, Rebuilding of — 1913. 190.
Levering, Joshua, Sketch — 3897. 155.
Lewis. James H., Sketch — 1914. 257.
Lewis, W. S., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Liberia — 1907, 115, and in succeeding- vol-
umes.
Liberte Disaster — 1912, 395.
Liberty Bell. Facts About — 1905, 169.
Liberty Loans of 1917—1918. 523.
Libraries — 1898. 87; 1899, 65; 1902, 83.
Libraries, Carnegie — 1910, 218.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOT,OIE SEE PAGES 3-14.
1012
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
Libraries in Chicago— In each volume since
1902.
Library, Smallest — 1902. 132.
License, High and Low — 1895, 69.
License Systems of Cities — 1905, 191; 1908.
389.
Licenses in Chicago — 1907, 417; 1908. 510;
1909. 566; 1910, 512; 1911. 513; 1912,
588.
Lieber, G. N., Sketch — 1896. 88.
Life, Average of Human — 1888, 18.
Life, Duration in Chicago — 1908, 477.
Life Insurance Scandals — 1906, 346.
Life Saving at Sea — 1913, 188.
Life Saving Service — 1887, 27; 1888, 29:
1905, 176, and in succeeding volumes. (See
Coast Guard.)
Life Tables. U. S. — 1917. 42. 43.
Light. Velocity of— 1908, 26; 1909. 23; 1910.
23.
Lighthouse, Highest — 1903, 280.
Lighthouse Service — 1908, 170, 491; 1909,
260; 1910. 226; 1911. 90; 1912, 244.
Lightning, Loss of Life by — 1902, 335.
Li Hung Chang, Death of — 1902, 166.
Limestones, Origin of — 1918, 239.
Limitations, Statute of — In each volume since
1897.
Lincoln Centenary — 1910, 33.
Lincoln Homestead — 1917, 69, 195.
Lincoln Memorial — 1914, 38.
Lincoln Way Project — 1912, 90.
Lind, John, Mexican Mission — 1914, 358.
Lindsay, W.. Sketch — 1894, 63.
Lippitt, H. F.. Sketch— 1912. 405.
Liquor Law, Webb-Kenyon — 1918. 58.
Liquor Statistics — In each volume from 1891.
Liquors, Materials Used in — 1918, 127.
Lithographic Stone — 1918, 79.
Lister, Joseph, Death of — 1913, 30.
Little, Frank, Lynching — 1918, 193.
Living. Cost of — See Cost of Living.
Lloyd George, Plot to Kill — 1918, 526.
Loan. Chinese Railway — 1910, 216.
Loan Shark Law — 1906, 392; 1918. 610.
Loans to Allies — 1918, 523.
Local Option Districts, Chicago — 1908, 502.
Local Option Law. Illinois — 1908. 403; 1909,
256.
Lochren, W., Sketch — 1894, 61.
Lockouts, Statistics of — See Strikes.
Locomotive, Largest — 1903, 260.
Lodge. Henry C., Sketch — 1904, 205.
Lodging House, Municipal — 1905, 409; 1907,
443- 1909, 460, and in succeeding volumes.
Loetschberg Tunnel — 1912, 413.
London, Declaration of — 1912, 78; 1913, 178;
1914, 211.
London, Facts About — 1908, 216.
Long, Chester I., Sketch — 1904, 203.
Long, J. D., Sketch — 1898, 201.
Longworth-Roosevelt Wedding — 1907, 57.
Loomis, F. B., Sketch — 1898, 207; 1904, 206.
Lord, W. P., Sketch — 1900, 125.
Lords' Veto Power Curbed — 1912, 78.
Loree. L. F., Sketch — 1902, 100.
Lorimer, William, Elected Senator — 1910. 454;
Investigation, 1911, 404; 1912, 410; Lorimer
Ousted, 1913, 156; 1914. 224; 1915. 283;
1916, 174.
Lorimer, William, Sketch — 1910, 393.
Los Angeles Dynamite Case — 1912, 470.
Lottery, Law Against — 1891, 113.
Loubet, Attempt to Kill — 1906, 166.
Louisiana Hurricane — 1916, 201.
Louisiana Purchase — 1901, 132.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition — See Exposi-
tion, St. Louis.
Lovett, R. S., Sketch — 1910. 393.
Lowell, A. L.. Sketch — 1910, 393.
Lowndes, L., Sketch — 1896. 92.
Lumber Industry, Decline of — 1903, 55; 1908,
44, 123.
Lumber Supply — 1909. 77: 1910, 177.
Lumber Trust Decision — 1915. 95.
Lusitania. Stenmshin — 1908. 43; Torpedoed
and Sunk, 1916. 33c
Luther Letter, High Price for — 1912, 129.
Lutherans — See Religious Statistics.
Luxburg Cable — 1918, 501.
Lynchings — 1902, 337, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Macedonia, Revolt in — 1904, 221.
Mack, Norman, Sketch — 1909, 323.
Macmillan-Borup Expedition — 1912, 210; 1916.
217; 1918. 193.
MacVeagh, W., Sketch — 1895, 105; 1910, 33.
Madden Conspiracy Case — 1910, 375
Madero, President, Killed — 1914, 355.
Magelssen, Vice-Consul, Attack on — 1904, 210.
Maginnis, M. J., Sketch — 1901, 247.
Magoon, Charles E., Sketch — -,1906, 299.
Maguire, M., Sketch — 1897, 157.
Mail Time from Chicago — 1906, 426, and in
succeeding volumes.
Maine, Destruction of the — 1899, 110, 312;
To Be Raised, 1911, 45; Cause of Loss,
1912, 403; Removed from Havana and Sunk
in Sea, 1913. 158.
Malloney, J. F., Sketch — 1901. 244.
Mallory, S. R., Sketch — 1898, 207.
Man, Proper Weight of a — 1890, 89; 1902, 67.
Manchuria, Plague in — 1912, 308.
Manchurian Neutralization — 1911, 327.
Manila, Map of — 1900, 218.
Manila, Victory at — 1899. 115.
Mansfield, Richard, Death of — 1908, 136.
Mantle, Lee, Sketch — 1896, 90.
Manufactures, Statistics of — In each volume
from 1890.
Marble, John H., Sketch — 1914, 257.
Marconi's Invention — 1902, 366; 1908, 329.
Mariana Islands, Map— 1899, 139.
Marianna Mine Disaster — 1909. 423.
Marine — See Shipping Data.
Marne, Battle of — 1915, 455.
Marriage Laws — 1893, 82; 1895, 395; 1903.
181, and in succeeding volumes.
Mars Nearest Earth — 1907, 15; 1909, 22.
Marshall, T. R., Sketch — 1913, 387; 1914. 35.
Marshals, United States — In each volume.
Martin, J., Sketch — 1894, 64.
Marline, J. E., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Martinique Disaster — 1903, 151.
Marvin, C. F., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Maryland, Race Questions in — 1902, 108. .
Mason, W. E., Sketch — 1898, 208.
Massey, W. A., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Matches, Poisonous, Law Against — 1913, 189.
Matchett, C. H., Sketch — 1897. 157.
Matsushima Disaster — 1909. 142.
Mattoon Tornado — 1918. 36.
Mauretania, Steamship — 1908, 395.
Mawson Expedition — 1912, 510; 1914, 184;
1915. 338.
Maxwell, W. H., Sketch — 1905. 206.
Maybrick Case — 1905, 84.
Mayflower, Passengers on — 1888, 126.
Mayors of Chicago — See Chicago Mayors.
Mayors of Large Cities — 1902, 216, and in
succeeding volumes.
Measures and Weights — 1890, 188; 1891. 125:
1892, 40, 115; 1896; 43, 52; 1902, 75, and
in succeeding volumes.
Meat Inspection Law — 1891, 111; 1907, 167.
171.
Meat Trade of World — 1907, 37.
Meat Trust Case Ended — 1913, 159.
Medal of Honor Act — 1917, 196.
Mediation, Board. U. S. — 1915, 234.
Meiklejohn, A., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Meline, J. F., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Melville, G. W., Death of — 1913, 150.
Memorial Bridge — 1914, 238.
Memphis, Wreck of the — 1917, 172.
Men and Women, Proportion of — 1902, 96.
Meningitis Epidemic — 1906, 348.
Merchant Marine Bill — 1916, 237.
Merchant Marine, Growth of — 1916. 477.
Merriam Commission, Chicago — 1910, 471.
Merriam, H. C., Sketch — 1899. 227.
Merriam, W. R., Sketch — 1900, 126.
Merrimac Message — 1899, 319.
Merrimac, Sinking of the — 1899, 116.
FOR INDEX OF ~"E (TRF.FNT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1013
Merritt. W., Sketch — 1899, 226.
Merry. W. L., Sketch — 1898. 206.
Mesopotamia, Campaign in — 1918, 515.
Messages to Congress — 1894, 81 ; 1897. 265.
and in succeeding- volumes.
Messina Earthquake — 1912, 414.
Metals. Cost of Rare — 1900, J86.
Metals, Melting- Point — 1892, 126.
Metals, Specific Gravity — 1892, 126.
Metcalf, H. B.. Sketch — 1901. 243.
Metcalfe, R. L., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Methodist Thank Offering- — 1904, 144.
Methodists — See Religious Statistics.
Metric Tables — 1888, 8; 1892. 40; 1896, 52,
and in succeeding- volumes.
Mexican Mediation — 1915, 237.
Mexico — In each volume since 1902.
Mexico, Revolutions in — 1911, 491; 1912, 211:
1913. 395; 1914. 355; 1915. 222; 1916,
301; 1917, 535; 1918, 583.
Meyer. G. von L., Sketch — 1901. 248; 1907.
273; 1910, 33.
Michigan Governors — 1885, 14.
Midshipmen, Number Increased — 1917, 234.
Mikkelsen Expedition — 1912. 210; 1913, 149.
Miles, N. A., Sketch — 1896. 88; 1899, 226.
Miles of Different Nations — 1890, 69; 1912,
198.
Militancy in England — 1914. 397.
Military Academy — 1888, 26; 1894. 202: 1904.
186, and in succeeding- volumes.
Military Department of Lakes — 1902. 392, and
in succeeding- volumes.
Militia — See Guard, National.
Militia Age, Males of — 1893, 38; 1902, 58;
1905, 62, and in succeeding volumes.
Militia Drafting Act — 1917, 196.
Militia Law — 1909, 164.
Milk, Pasteurization of — 1917, 62.
Millard. J. H., Sketch — 1902. 100.
Miller, A. C., Sketch— 1914, 258.
Mills Tariff Bill — 1908, 69.
Milton, W. H., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Milwaukee Avenue State Bank — 1907, 411.
Milwaukee (Wis. ) Bomb Explosion — 1918,678.
Milwaukee, Cruiser, Loss of — 1918, 154.
Mineral Products, United States — In each vol-
ume since 1891.
Miners' Strike, British — 1913, 162.
Mines, Casualties in — 1891, 122; 1902, 336.
and in succeeding- volumes.
Mines, Deepest — J906, 116.
Minimum Wage Laws — 1914, 415; 1915, 212;
1916, 253.
Mining- Disasters, Great — 1914, 86.
Minnesota, Governors of — 1885, 15.
Minton, H. C.. Sketch — 1902, 100.
Mints. United States — 1906. 189; 1908, 196;
1910, 119, and in succeeding volumes.
Missions, American and Foreign — 1908, 139;
1909. 223.
Missions, Income of — 1901, 145; 1902, 149.
Missions. War, to and from America — 1918,
527.
Mississippi Centennial — 1917, 197.
Mississippi Hurricane — 1916, 201.
Mississippi River Commission — 1898. 280.
Mississippi River Floods — 1915, 518.
Missouri Athletic Clubhouse Fire — 1915, 184.
Mitohel, J. P., Elected Mayor of New York —
1914. 428; Attempt to Kill, 1915. 159.
Mitchell, John, Sketch — 1903. 238.
Mitchell, John H., Trial — 1906. 162.
Mitchell, J. L.. Sketch — 1894. 62.
Mobilization of Industries — 1917, 227.
Molineux Case — 1902. 107; 1903, 156.
Monetary Commission — 1910, 126.
Money. H. p.. Sketch — 1897. 160.
Money, Foreign — See Coins.
Money Orders, Rates — In each volume since
1902.
Money. Statistics — In each volume from 1891.
Money Trust Investigation — 1913, 489.
Mongolia Sinks Submarine — 1918. 538.
Monongah Mine Disaster — 1908. 396.
Monroe Doctrine — 1896, 71; 1902, 85, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Monroe, Wreck of the — 1915. 97.
Montenegro — 1907, 111, and in succeeding
volumes.
Monterey Flood — 1910, 95.
Months, Symbols of — 1912, 210: 1913. 178.
Monuments, Height of — 1885. 10.
Monuments in Chicago — In each volume since
1902.
Moody, William H.. Sketch — 1903, 235; 1905.
204.
Moon. Facts About — 1908, 26: 19lQ, 23.
Moon, Harvest and Hunter's — 1912, 24; 1913,
30, and in succeeding volumes.
Moonlight. Col. T., Sketch — 1895, 105.
Moore. David H., Sketch — 1901, 250.
Moore. J. H., Sketch — 1906, 299.
Morgan. J. P., Sketch — 1902, 100; Art Pur-
chases by, 1903. 182; Death of. 1914, 258.
Morgan. J. P. (Jr.), Attempt to Kill — 1916,
344.
Morgan Park Annexed — 1912, 461; 1913, 622
(void) ; 1915, 634.
Morgenthau. H., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Morocco — 1906, 135; 1908, 185, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Morocco, Dispute — 1906, 350; 1907, 85; 1908.
244; 1909, 264; 1912, 359.
Morocco, War in — 1910, 428.
Moros, Battle with, at Jolo — 1907, 39.
Morrison, Jessie, Trial — 1902, 107.
Morrison Tariff Bills — 1908, 69.
Mortgages on Acres — 1895, 62.
Mortgages, Farm — 1894, 207; 1913, 495.
Mortgages on Lots — 1895, 62.
Morton, Paul, Sketch — 1905, 204.
Moses, B., Sketch — 1901, 248.
Mosquito Coast Incident — 1895, 233.
Mothers' Day Law — 1915, 289.
Mottoes, State — 1915, 513; 1916, 216.
Mountain, Highest, in North America — 1902,
77; 1918. 140.
Mountains, Highest — 1888, 17; 1907, 136, and
in succeeding volumes.
Moxley, W. J., Elected to Congress — 1910. 521.
Mueller Municipal Ownership Law — 1904, 356:
1908, 411.
Mukden, Battle of — 1906, 303.
Mulkey, F. W., Sketch — 1908, 355.
Munday Conspiracy Trial — 1916, 678.
Municipal Harbors, Law — 1912, 87.
Municipal Pier — See Pier, Municipal.
Munitions of War — 1916, 414; 1918. 519.'
610.
Murders in United States — 1912. 393.
Murphy. J. B., Sketch — 1911. 334.
Murray. L. O., Sketch — 1909, 323.
Music in Chicago — 1912, 581, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Mutsuhito, Emperor, Death of — 1913, 225.
Myers, H. L., Sketch — 19X2, 406.
McAdoo, W. G., Sketch — 1914, 35.
McBride, G. W., Sketch — 1896, 91. '
McCabe, Charles, Sketch — 1897. 161.
McCook. A. McD., Sketch — 1895, 106.
McCormick, R. S., Sketch — 1904, 204.
McCreary, J. B., Sketch — 1903, 234.
McCumber, P. J., Sketch — 1900, 128.
McCurtain Mine Disaster — 1913, 260.
McDonald, Dora, Trial — 1909, 318.,
McDowell, William F., Sketch — 1905. 206.
McEnery, S. D., Sketch — 1897. 161.
McGinty, G. B., Sketch — 1914. 258.
McGovern, Francis E., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Mclntyre. R., Sketch — 1909. 323.
McKenna, J. B., Sketch — 1898, 202.
McKenzie, J. A.. Sketch — 1894, 69.
MoKinley Monument — 1908. 398.
McKinley Tariff Bill — 1908, 69.
McKinley. W.. Sketch — 1897. 153; 1901. 241.
McKinley. William, Assassination — 1902. 109.
McKinney, L. F.. Sketch — 1894. 600.
McLaurin, A. J., Sketch — 1896. 92; 1901, 247.
McLean, G. F., Sketch — 1912, 406.
McLemore Resolution — 1917, 475.
MoMillin. B.. Sketch — 1914. 258.
McNamara Dynamite Case — 1 912. 470.
McReynolds, J. C., Sketch — 1914. 35.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1014
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Nagel, Charles, Sketch — 1910, 33.
National Defense Movement — 1917, 199.
National Security League — 1916, 278.
Nativity of Population — See Foreign-Born
Population.
Naturalization Laws — 1889, 69: 1896, 228;
1900, 114; 1907, 167, 173; 1909, 42. and
in succeeding' volumes.
Naval Disasters. List of — 1909, 280.
Naval Emergency Law — 1918, 56.
Naval Gunnery Records — 1905, 380; 1913.
428.
Naval Militia, Illinois — In each volume since
1902.
Naval Reserve Law — 1916, 234; 1917. 231.
Naval Training- Station — 1912, 246: 1913,
275.
Naval Training- Stations — 1918, 494.
Naval War, Laws of — 1912, 78.
Navies, Merchant — 1894, 206; 1896. 51; 1897.
248; 1898. 248.
Navies of the World — 1887, 12: 1890. 177;
1896, 61; 1899. 98; 1902, 66. 222, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Navigation, Inland — 1898, 238.
Navy. United States^-In each volume from
1886.
Navy. U. S., Act for Larger — 1917, 229: 1918.
56. 406.
Navy Yards, Additional — 1917, 233.
Nebraska Prison Mutiny — 1913, 323.
Neely. Thomas B., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Negroes in United States — 1902. 54, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Negro Riots — 1918, 147, 577.
Nelson, K., Sketch — 1896, 89; 1908, 355.
Netherlands. The — In each volume since 1902.
Neutrality Enforcement Law — 1916, 232.
Neutrality Proclamation — 1915. 445.
Nevius. H. M., Sketch — 1909, 324.
New, Harry S.. Sketch — 1906. 298.
Newark Fire Horror — 1911, 345.
Newel, S.. Sketch — 1898, 206.
Newlands, F. G.. Sketch — 1904, 203.
Newman, William H., Sketch — 1902. 100.
New Mexico, Admission of — 1911, 377; 1912,
73; 1913, 233.
New Mexico, Constitution — 1912. 76.
New Orleans Massacre — 1892, 35.
Newspapers of America — 1886, 16; 1887. 123;
1888, 19; *902, 129, and in succeeding
volumes.
New York Public Utilities Law— 1908. 331. .
Niagara Falls Peace Meeting- — 1915, 228.
Niagara Falls Preservation — 1907, 175: Re-
cession of, 1909, 205; 1910, 213.
Niagara Trolley Accident — 1918, 44.
Nicaragua — In each volume since 1902.
Nicaragua Canal Treaty — 1917, 127.
Nicaragua, Revolutions in — 1911, 131; 1913,
420.
Nicholas II. Deposed — 1918, 508.
Nicholson, S. T., Sketch — 1901, 245.
Nightingale, Florence, Death of — 1911, 76.
Night Riders — 1909, 317.
Nixon, George S., Sketch — 1906, 298.
Nobel Prize Winners — 1904, 108, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Nogi, General, Suicide of — 1913, 225.
No Man's Land — 1889, 184.
Norge, Wreck of the — 1905, 124.
North Pole Reached — 1910, 328.
Northern Securities Company — 1903, 63; 1904,
98; 1905, 144.
Northwest Passage — 1907, 246.
Norton, C. D.. Sketch — 1911, 334.
Norway — In each volume since 1902.
Norway and Sweden — 1906, 131.
Norway, Marine Losses of — 1918. 538.
Norway, Woman Suffrage in — 1908. 73.
Noted Men in Private Life — 1902, 140.
Nuelson, J. L., Sketch — 1909, 324.
Numbers, New House, Chicago — 1910. 475.
Numerals. Roman and Arabic— 1908. 92: 1909.
154.
Nuts, Whence Imported — 1915, 32.
Oats — See Agriculture. Statistics of.
Oats, Prices — In each volume from 1891.
Obituary — In each volume.
Observatories, Height of — 1898, 245.
Occupations— 1896, 39; 1904, 149, 383; 1908,
171, and in succeeding volumes.
Ocean Waves, Height — 1902, 186.
Oceans, Areas and Depths — 1910, 175, 334,
and in succeeding volumes.
O'Connell, W. H., Sketch — 1912. 406.
Odessa Riots — 1906, 312.
O'Gorman, James A., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Ohio Floods — 1914, 447; 1915. 518.
Oil Lands Decision — 1915, 95.
Oil. Standard, Decision — 1912, 33.
Oklahoma, Admission of — 1907. 175, 257;
1908, 238.
Oklahoma Constitution, etc. — 1908. 238.
Old Age Pensions — 1911, 165.
Old Chicagoans — 1909, 385. and in succeeding-
volumes.
Old Chicago Business Houses — 1917, 641.
Old Residents, Chicago — 1905, 446. and in
succeeding volumes.
Oleomargarine — 1891, 74; 1894. 143; 1899,
298; 1901, 238; 1902, 222; 1903, 288.
Oliver, G. T., Sketch — 1910, 393.
Olney. R., Sketch — 1894. 57.
Olympian Games — 1902, 304; 1904, 235; 190."),
225; 1907. 215; 1913. 313.
Olympian Records. Principal — 1905. 227; 1906.
212, and in succeeding volumes.
Omaha Tornado — 1914, 402.
Ontario Forest Fires-;— 1917, 67.
Opera Houses, Capacities — 1893. 114.
Opera in Chicago— 1913, 581, and in succeed-
ing- volumes.
Opium Conference — 1910, 31; 1912, 209.
Opium Traffic Laws — 1915, 289; 1916, 236.
Orange River Colony — 1906, 125; 1910, 193.
Orchestra, Chicago — See Music in Chicago.
Oreglia, Cardinal, Death — 1914, 493.
Oregon, Cruise of the — 1899. 115.
Oregon Plan — 1912, 94.
Original Package Law — 1891, 111.
Orphanages in United States — 1907, 65, and
in succeeding- volumes.
Osaka Fire — 1910, 218; 1913. 160.
Osborn, C. S., Sketch — 1911, 334.
Osborne, J. E., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Oscar II., Death of — 1908, 390.
Otis, E. S., Sketch — 1899, 227.
Overman, L. S., Sketch — 1910, 393.
Owen, R. L., Sketch — 1908. 355.
Packers' Case Ended — 1913, 159.
Page, C. S., Sketch — 1909, 324.
Page, T. N., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Page, W. H., Sketch — 1914, 258.
Paintings, High Prices for — 1915. 237.
Palestine, Campaign in — 1918, 516.
Palma, President, Resigns — 1907, 248.
Palma, T. E., Sketch — 1903, 236.
Palmer, Frank W.. Death of — 1908, 456.
Palmer, J. M., Sketch— 1897, 156-
Panama-California Exposition — 1914, 284.
Panama Canal — See Canal. Panama.
Panama Canal Builders. Thanks to — 1916. 232.
Panama Canal Tolls Dispute — 1914, 353; Set-
tled, 1915, 219.
Panama-Pacific Exposition — 1912, 469; 1913.
386; 1914, 284; 1915. 89; 1916, 311.
Panama Libel Cases — 1910, 218; 1911, 319;
1912, 120.
Panama Republic — In each volume since 1904.
Pan-American Congress — 1891, 114; 1902,
34 ** ' 1903 53
Pan- American Exposition — 1901, 281; 1902,
338
Panics, Financial — 1897, 143; 1902, 44; 1908.
357.
Pankhurst Case — 1914. 397.
Paper and Pulp Manufactures — 1902, 330.
Paper Trust — 1907, 264.
Parade, "First Call," Chicago — 1918. 573.
Paraguay — In each volume since 1902.
Paralysis, Infantile — 1917. 398.
Parcel Post Law — 1913, 184, 496; 1914. 297.
558; Rates, 1915. 105.
FOE IVDKX OF THB CURRENT YOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
1015
Paris, Heavy Storm in — 1915, 65.
Paris Underground Wreck — 1904, 112.
Parker, A. B., Gold Telegram — 1905, 202.
Parker, Alton B.. Sketch — 1905, 203.
Parker, E. W., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Parks, Buildings in — 1906, 434.
Parks in Chicago— In each volume since 1902.
Parks in Cities — 1896, 49; 1903, 103; 1904,
76; 1908, 388; 1909. 55.
Parks. National — 1897, 133: 1904, 14, and in
succeeding volumes.
Parochial Schools — 1892, 96: 1893, 35.
Parsons, W. B., Sketch — 1905, 205.
Party Emblems in 1912 — 1913, 423.
Passpprt Regulations — 1909, 90, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Pasteurization of Milk — 1917, 62.
Patent Laws — 1896. 226; 1902, 96, and in
succeeding volumes.
Paterson, N. J., Fire in — 1903, 181.
Patterson, Nan, Trial — 1906, 162.
Patterson, T. M., Sketch — 1902, 100.
Pattison, John M., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Patton, Francis L., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Patton, J., Jr., Sketch — 1895. 105.
Paupers in Almshouses — 1892, 100; 1907, 243;
1909, 58.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff — 1910, 37.
Payne, H. C.. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Paynter, T. H., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Peabody School Fire — 1916, 299.
Peace Centenary — 1916. 114.
Peace Conference — 1900. 101: 1905, 354;
1906. 346; 1907, 46.8; 1908, 235; 1909.
•215; 1910, 211.
Peace Endowment, Carnegie — 1912, 99.
Peace, Foundation for Industrial — 1908, 76;
1909, 266.
Peace, League to Enforce — 1916, 300.
Peace Meeting Dispute, Chicago — 1918, 571.
Peace Movement, Survey of — 1911, 66; 1912,
99, and in succeeding volumes to 1915.
Peace of Europe — 1899, 102.
Peace Proposals, War — 1918, 363.
Peak, J. L., Sketch — 1896, 92.
Pearse, C. G., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Pearson, R., Sketch — 1904, 206.
Pearsons, D. K., Gifts of — 1902, 69; Death
of, 1913, 340.
Peary Polar Expedition — 1907, 246; 1908,
135; 1909, 190; Reaches Pole. 1910. 328;
1911. 175.
Peary, R. E., Sketch— 1910, 393; Made Rear-
Admiral, 1912, 66.
Peat Supply of United States — 1913, 77.
Peck, George R., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Peckham, R. W.. Sketch — 1897, 158.
Peirce, Herbert H. D., Sketch — 1907, 273.
Pellagra Commission — J.910, 443; 1912, 152.
Penfleld. F. C., Sketch — 1914, 259.
Penrose, Boies, Sketch — 1898, 209; 1904, 203;
1910. 393.
Pens, Fountain, Export of — 1915, 24.
Pension Agencies Abolished — 1913, 187.
Pension, Service, Act — 1913, 187.
Pensions in America — 1912, 277.
Pension Statistics — In each volume from 1889.
Pension System, Telephone — 1913, 421.
Pensions, Old Age — 1902, 91; in England,
1909, 264; 1911. 165.
Pensions on Railroads — 1903, 233.
Percy, L., Sketch — 1911, 335.
Perdicaris, Ion, Case — 1905, 257.
Perkins, B. W., Sketch — 1893, 64.
Perkins, G. C., Sketch — 1896, 88; 1904, 203;
1910, 393.
Pershing, J. J., in France — 1918, 543; Made
General, 1918, 544.
Perry Centennial — 1914. 403.
Perry, Isaac N., Trial — 1906, 162.
Perry Memorial — 1912, 67.
Persia — In each volume since 1902.
Persia, Death of Shah of — 1908, 178.
Persia, Revolution in — 1910. 334.
Persia, .Sinking of the — 191?, 473.
Peru — In each voUime since 1902.
Peru, Revolution in — 1915, 239.
Petroleum, Production — 1900, 55, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Pettigrew, R. F., Sketch — 1896. 91.
Pettus, E. W., Sketch — 1897, 161; 1898, 207;
1904. 203.
Philippirie Agricultural Bank — 1908, 75.
Philippine Currency Law — 1904, 156.
Philippine Islands — 1899, 133-137; 1901, 260,
and in succeeding volumes.
Philippine Tariff — 1902, 332.
Philippine War — 1900, 218; 1901, 261. 301;
1902. Ill, 141; 1903, 157; 1904, 63, 112,
and in succeeding volumes.
Phillips' May Corn Deal — 1902, 424.
Photographs by Electricity — 1887, 10.
Photophone. The — 1887, 13.
Pier, Municipal — 1916, 635; 1918, 612, 688.
Pig-iron Product — 1891, 90; 1895, 172; 1901,
211; 1903, 58; 1904, 50, and in succeeding-
volumes.
Piles, S. H.; Sketch — 1906, 298.
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy — 1911, 311.
Pioneers of Chicago — See Old Residents.
Pipe Line Decision — 1915, 95.
Pitney, Mahlon, Sketch — 1913, 389.
Pius Fund Arbitration — 1903, 204.
Pius X. Elected Pope — 1904. 69; Sketch. 1904-
206; Death of, 1915. 236.
Plague in Manchuria and India — 1912, 308
Platforms, National — See Conventions.
Platt, O. H., Sketch — 1904, 203.
Platt, T. C., Sketch — 1898, 209.
Playgrounds, Municipal — 1905, 426; 1906,435,
and in succeeding volumes.
Pleasant Prairie Explosion — 1912, 140.
Pledges by Candidates, Law — 1918, 615.
Plots, War, in United States — 1916, 343; 1917,
480; 1918, 496.
Poets Laureate, England — 1915, 469, and in
succeeding volumes.
Poincare, R., Elected President — 1914, 51;
Sketch, 1914, 259.
Poindexter, M., Sketch — 1912, 406.
Poisons and Their Antidotes — 1886, 80.
Polar Land, New, Found — 1914, 184.
Poles, The Two Cold — 1888. 11.
Police Chiefs. Chicago— 1903, 416, and in
succeeding volumes.
Police Department, Chicago— In each volume
since 1902.
Police Statistics, Chicago — la each volume
since 1891.
Policewomen in Cities — 1917, 126.
Poliomyelitis — 1917, 398.
Polish Kingdom Restored — 1917, 528.
Political Changes in Fifty Years — 1891, 322.
Political Committees — In each volume.
Political Societies, Chicago — 1902, 360, and in
succeeding volumes.
Pope Benedict's Peace Appeal — 1918, 372.
Pope, "Black," Elected — 1916. 100.
Pope, Election of — 1904, 69; 191S, 236.
Pope Leo XIII., Death of — 1904. 112.
Popular Vote — In each volume.
Population, Center of — 1902, 49, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Population, Chicago — In each volume.
Population, Cities — 1891, 94; 1892, 87; 1894,
34; 1901, 137, and in succeeding volumes.
Population, Density of — 1893, 39; 1902, 48.
and in succeeding volumes.
Population, Foreign-Born — 1903, 78, and in
succeeding volumes.
Population, Foreign Countries — See Foreign
Countries.
Population, Illinois — See Illinois, Population.
Population, Median Point of — In each volume
since 1902.
Population. Mother Tongue of — 1915, 144.
Population. United States — In each volume
from 1891.
Population, World — 1887, 8; 1892. 164; 1904.
68, and in succeeding volumes.
Pork- Prices of — In each volume from 1891.
Por«.rthur. Siege of — 1906. 303.
Porilr, H., Sketch — 1898. 303.
Porter, J. D., Sketch — 1894, 59.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1016
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Porto Rico — In each volume since 190x5.
Portsmouth, Treaty of — 1906, 304.
Portugal — In each volume since 1903.
Portugal Enters .European War — 1917, 484.
Portugal, Revolution in — 1911, 131; 1916. 85;
1918, 577.
Post, Louis F.. Sketch — 1914, 259.
Post, R. H., Sketch — 1908. 355.
Postage, Rates of — In each volume from 1886.
Postage to England Reduced— 1909, 158; to
Germany, 1909. 377.
Postal Currency — 1897, 78; 1898. 174.
Postal Dates — 1898, 146.
Postal Savings Banks — 1907, 104, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Postal Statistics-; — In each voluaie since 1902.
Postmasters, Chicago — In each volume since
1902.
Postmasters of Large Cities — In each volume
since 1902.
Postofflce, Chicago— In each volume since
1902.
Postofflce Frauds — 1904, 405.
Potash Production — 1918, 149.
Powder Trust — 1908, 234.
Powell, W. P., Sketch — 1898. 206.
Power-Transmitting. Long — 1903, 428.
Powers, Caleb, Trial — 1904, 245.
Practice Law, Illinois — 1908, 405.
Precincts, Election, in Chicago — 1904, 382:
1905, 417.
Preferential Voting — 1912, 93.
Preparedness Movement — 1917, 199; 1918, 53.
611.
Presbyterians — See Religious Statistics.
President, Threats Against — 1918, 53.
Presidential Succession — 1894, 200; 1909, 215,
and in succeeding volumes.
Presidents and Cabinets, United States — In each
volume since 1885.
Presidents, Burial Places of — 1908, 68. and
in succeeding volumes.
President's Neutrality Proclamation — 1915,
445.
Price Fixing- Law — 1918, 419, 420.
Prices, Chicago Grain — In each volume since
1891.
Prices of Commodities — In each volume since
1903.
Primary Law, Illinois — 1906, 384; 1907, 396;
1908, 432; 1909, 425; 1910, 384; 1911. 47.
463; 1912. 508; 1913, 527 (presidential):
1915, 546; 1916, 555.
Printing Industry — 1917, 75.
Prison Barracks — 1918, 532.
Prisons, State — 1911. 137; 1912, 395. and in
succeeding volumes.
Pritchard, J. 0., Sketch — 1896, 91.
Progressive Republican League — 1912, 262.
Prohibition Amendment in Congress — 1916.
241; 1918, 576.
Property, Valuation of, in United States — 1893,
50: 1907, 259, 280; 1908, 38; 1909. 99;
191^ 385
Provence, Loss of the — 1917. 472.
Public Health Service — 1913, 187.
Public Service Department, Chicago— 1915,
577, and in succeeding volumes.
Public Utility Laws — 1908, 331; 1914, 490
(Illinois).
Pullman Boycott — 1895, 79.
Pullman Company Statistics — 1913, 369; 1914,
266.
Pulp Manufactures — 1902, 330.
Pulse, Rate of — 1886, 83; 1908, 243; 1909,
218. and in succeeding volumes.
Punishment, Capital — See Capital Punishment.
Purcell, W. E., Sketch — 1911, 335.
Pure Food Law— 1907, 169: In Illinois. 1908,
406.
Putnam, Herbert, Sketch — 1900, 126.
Quarantine, National — 1907, 175.
Quarles. J. V., Sketch — 1900, 129.
Quay, Senator. Case of — 1901, 124.
Quayle, W. A., Sketch — 1909. 324.
Quebec Bridge Disaster — 1908, 398.
Question, Eastern — 1898, 249.
Quinby, W. E., Sketch — 1894, 60.
Race Horses, Famous, Dead — 1930, 296
Race War in Atlanta. Ga.— 1907, 242; In Bast
St. Louis, 1918, 147; in Chester. Pa., 1918.
147.
Radio-Communication Law — 1913, 187, 188
Radio Messages — 1913, 187, 188; 1915, 29.
267.
Radium Described — 1905, 145; Sources of —
1917, 16; Appearance of, 1918, 110.
Raffeisen System — 1913, 37.
Railroad Eight Hour Law — 1917. 235-240;
1918, 41, 42.
Railroad Gauges — 1909, 414.
Railroad Rate Law — 1907, 167.
Railroad Speed Records — 1888, 123; 1903
374; 1906, 50; 1912, 195, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Railroad Statistics, United States — In each vol-
ume from 1891.
Railroad Strike. British — 1912, 479.
Railroad Tunnels, Long — 1916, 37; 1918, 132.
Railroad Wrecks — 1902, 336, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Railroads Fined for Rebating — 1913, 150.
Railroads, Grants to — 1898, 279.
Railroads in Alaska — 1916, 114.
Railroads in Illinois — 1891, 122; 1906, 320.
Railroads, Introduction of — 1887, 14.
Railroads, Harriman, Sued — 1909, 268.
Railways, Street — 1891, 100; 1902, 222, and
in succeeding volumes.
Rainfall in United States — 1890, 51.
Ranch, Largest Cattle — 1907, 200.
Ransdell. J. E., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Ransom, M. W., Sketch — 1896, 88.
Rasmussen Expedition — 1914, 184.
Rassieur, L., Sketch — 1901, 250.
Rate Case Decision, Minnesota — 1914, 199.
Rawlins, J. L., Sketch — 1898, 210.
Real Estate Transfers, Chicago — In each vol-
ume since 1903.
Rebating, Indictments lor — 1909, 257; 1912,
198.
Rebellion, Lives Lost in — 1886, 10.
Rebellion (War of) Records — 1902, 32.
Recall, Election — 1910, 91.
Recall, Judicial, California — 1914, 49.
Recall, The — 1912, 92.
Recall Veto, Taft's — 1912, 74.
Receipts, Government — In each volume since
1891.
Reciprocity, Canadian — 1912, 67.
Reciprocity Treaties — 1892, 130; 1902, 78;
1903, 23.
Red Cross, Law — 1913. 189.
Red Cross War Work — 1918, 527. 533, 534.
Redfield, William C., Sketch — 1914, 35.
Reed, James A., Sketch — 1912. 406.
Reeve, F. X., Sketch — 1894, 62.
Referendum — 1895, 100; 1912, 92; 1913, 340.
Reformatories, Juvenile — 1892, 101.
Regina Tornado — 1913, 243.
Registration, Army — 1918, 399, 484.
Registration of Titles — 1892, 384.
Reid, W., Sketch — 1903, 236; 1906, 298;
Death of, 1913, 501.
Reigns, Longest, in England — 1902, 73.
Reinsch, Paul, Sketch — 1914, 259.
Relations Broken with Germany — 1918, 381.
Relief Acts by Congress — 1910, 130.
Religions of the World — 1905, 102; 1907, 192.
Religious Statistics — In each volume since
1888.
Religious War Commissions — 1918, 522.
Remmel, V., Sketch — 1901, 244.
Remsen, Ira, Sketch — 1902, 100.
Representation, Proportional — 1895. 101: 1896,
134; 1899. 404.
Republics, Smallest — 1897, 177.
Reservations. Wild Life — 1914, 41.
Reserve Bank, Chicago — 1915, 592.
Reserve Banks, Federal — 1915. 333.
Resources. Conservation of — 1909, 173: 1910.
169: 1912, 391.
Resources. Inventory of — 1910, 170.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB, 1919.
1017
Restraints on Commerce — 1916, 360; 1917,
509.
Revenue Cutter Service — 1914, 52. and in suc-
ceeding: volumes to 1916. (See Coast Guard.)
Revenue, Emergency, Act — 1917, 179; 1918,
63, 428.
Revolutionary Records — 1914, 237.
Reynolds, G. M., Sketch — 1909, 324.
Rhodes, Cecil, Scholarships — 1903, 98; 1904,
150.
Richardson, H. A., Sketch — 1908, 356.
Ricks, James B., Sketch — 1902, 100.
Ridder, Herman, Sketch — 1909, 324.
Riesco, Jerman, Sketch — 1902, 100.
Ritual Murder Trial — 1914, 419.
Rivers and Canals, Length of — 1900. 140;
1908, 170.
Rivers and Lakes Commission Act — 1912, 86.
Rivers, The Longest — 1885, 11; 1888, 17;
1909, 91, and in succeeding volumes.
Roach, W. N., Sketch — 1894, 63.
Road, Rules of the — 1909. 556; 1916, 643.
Roads. Federal Aid for — 1917. 246; 1918. 178,
607.
Roads, Good— 1911, 515; 1913. 419. 420.
Roads, Hard, Illinois — 1918, 604.
Roads, State Aid (Illinois) — 1914, 491.
Roberts, B. H., Case of — 1901, 125.
Roberts, Lord, Death of — 1915, 77.
Roberts, W. H., Sketch — 1908, 356.
Robinson, J. T., Sketch — 1914, 259.
Rock Island, Riots in — 1913, 315.
Rockefeller Gifts to Education — 1906, 215;
1908, 132; 1909, 407; 1910. 325; 1911, 331;
1912, 128.
Rockefeller Institute — 1902, 342.
KockhiU, W. W., Sketch— 1898, 206; 1906.
299.
Rocky Mountain Park Act — 1916. 231.
Rodin, Auguste, Death of — 1918, 619.
Rogers, H. H., Death of — 1910, 72.
Roman Catholic — See Religious Statistics.
Roosevelt Against Third Term — 1905, 202;
1908, 397.
Roosevelt and Brownson — 1909, 270.
Roosevelt, Attempt to Kill — 1913, 424.
Roosevelt-Barnes Libel Case — 1916, 100.
Roosevelt in Africa — 1910, 264; 1911, 75.
Roosevelt-Newett Libel Case — 1914, 60.
Roosevelt, Theodore, Sketch — 1899, 229; 1901,
241; 1902, 100; 1905, 203; 1913, 387.
Roosevelt Volunteers — 1918, 487.
Root, Elihu, Sketch — 1900, 124; 1904, 205;
1906, 298: 1910. 393; Mission to Russia,
512, 527.
Ross, J., Sketch — 1900. 128.
Ross Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Rostand, Edmond, Sketch — 1902, 101.
Roumania — In each volume since 1902.
Roumania in European War — 1917, 484, 531;
1918, 527, 663.
Royalty, Cost of Maintaining — 1902, 112.
Rubino, G., Trial of — 1904, 245.
Rublee, W., Sketch — 1903, 235.
Ruef, Abraham, Case of — 1908, 344.
Rugbies, Gen. G. D.. Sketch — 1895, 106.
Rulers, Foreign — 1896, 62; 1897, 134; 1898.
134; 1900, 273; 1901, 180; 1902, 113.
Rules, House, Contest Over — 1911. 33.
Runyon. T., Sketch — 1894, 64.
Russia — 1902, 118, and in succeeding volumes.
Russia, Assassinations in — 1905, 143; 1906.
Q1 O
Russian Exile System Modified — 1905, 187.
Russian Revolution — 1906. 309; 1907, 268;
1908, 190; 1909. 319; 1918, 508.
Russian Throne, Heir Born to — 1905, 278.
Russian Treaty Abrogated — 1913, 160.
Russia's Asiatic Railways — 1905, 16.
Russo-American Tariff Controversy — 1902, 217.
Russo-Chinese Controversy — 1912, 320.
Russo-English Treaty — 1908, 339.
Russo-Japanese Treaty — 1908, 189; 1911. 52;
1917, 256.
Russo-Japanese War — See Japanese-Russian
War.
Rye, Statistics — See Agriculture.
Sabotage — 1914, 49; 1918, 502.
Saccharine — 1887, 13.
Safety at Sea, Rules for — 1915, 97.
Safety Council, JSational — 1916, 272; 1917,
328.
Sage Foundation — 1908. 136, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Sages of Greece — 1912, 188.
Sailors' Insurance Act — 1918, 453, 461.
St. Louis Fair — See Exposition, St. Louis.
St. Louis Municipal Bridge — 1918, 74.
St. Vincent Disaster — 1903. 161.
Sakura Earthquake — 1916. 49.
Salaries, City Employes' — la each volume
since 1902.
Salaries, Cook County — In each volume since
1902.
Salaries, Large — 1888, 15.
Salaries, Teachers', Chicago— In each volume
since 1902.
Salem (Mass.) Fire — 1915, 346.
Salem (Mich.) Railway Wreck — 1908, 134.
Salisbury, Lord, Death of — 1904, 126.
Salisbury Railway Wreck — 1907, 21.
Saloniki Campaign — 1917. 631.
Saloons — 1903, 105; 1904, 78; 1906, 69.
Saloon, Sunday Closing, Chicago — 1916, 676.
Salt in the Ocean — 1916, 84.
Salt Manufactures — 1902, 332.
Salvador — In each volume since 1902.
Saltzgaber, G. M., Sketch — 1914. 269.
Samoa — 1900. 110, 113; 1901, 267.
Sampson, A. J., Sketch — 1898. 205.
Sampson, W. T., Sketch — 1899, 224.
Sanders, J. Y., Sketch — 1911. 335.
Sanders, N..Sketch — 1913, 389.
San Diego Exposition — 1913. 386; 1915, 89;
1916, 311.
San Francisco Disaster — 1907, 265.
San Francisco Exposition — 1912, 469; 1913,
386: 1915, 89; 1916, 311.
San Francisco Graft Cases — 1908. 344; 1809,
317.
Sanger, W. C., Sketch — 1902, 101.
Sanitariums. Tuberculpsis — 1909, 424.
Sanitary District, Chicago — In each volume
since 1891.
San Juan, Porto Rico— 1899, 129.
Santa Ysabel Massacre — 1917, 636.
Santiago, Capitulation of — 1899, 118.
Santo Domingo— In each volume since 1902.
Santo Domingo Disturbance — 1917, 164.
Sargent, F. P.. Sketch — 1903, 238.
Saulsbury, W., Sketch — 1914, 259.
Sault Ste. Marie Canals— 1904, 80: 1908, 210;
1912, 403; 1913, 398; 1914. 661.
Sawtelle, C. G., Sketch — 1897, 161.
Sayville Wireless — 1915, 29.
Schley, W. S., Sketch — 1899. 224; Inquiry.
1902, 354.
Schmitz, Eugene, Case — 1908, 344.
School Age, Persons of — 1893, 37; 1894, 217;
1902, 56; 1904, 61; 1908, 49. and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Schoolhouse vs. Saloon — 1889, 178.
School Laws of Illinois and Wisconsin — 1891.
66.
School Statistics — In each volume since 1891
Schools in Chicago — See Education, Board of
Schrank, John, Sentenced — 1913. 424.
Schroeder, S., Sketch — 1901, 249.
Schroeder-Stranz Expedition — 1914. 183.
Schulze-Delitzch System — 1913, 37.
Schurman, J. G., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Schwab, Charles M., Sketch — 1902, 101.
Scott Antarctic Expedition — 1911, 175; 1912.
210; 1913, 149; 1914, 181.
Scott. N. B., Sketch — 1900. 29.
Scouts, Boy, Incorporated — 1917, 197.
Sea Areas, Defensive — 1918. 550.
Seal Fisheries Dispute — 1892, 44; 1893. 65;
1894. 37.
Seal, Great, of U. S. — 1915, 92.
Seal Hunting Disaster — 1915. 91.
Seamen, Strike of — 1912, 479.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1018
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1919.
Seamen Welfare Law — 1916. 233.
Seaports, Distances to— 1907, 56, and in suc-
ceeding: volumes.
Seaports, Great — 1905, 144, and in succeeding
volumes.
Seas, Depth of — 1909, 101, and in succeeding-
volumes.
Scats. Contested, in Congress — 1901, 122.
Seay.'A. J., Sketch — 1892, 54.
Security League. National — 1916. 278; 1917,
324.
Seidel, Emil, Sketch — 1913, 387.
Seigniorage Bill Veto — 1895, 122.
Senatorial Districts, Illinois — 1894, 177; 1902,
372, and in succeeding- volumes.
Senators (U. S.), Illinois — 1908, 419: 1909,
420; 1910. 456; 1911, 448, and in succeed-
ing- volumes.
Senses, Seven — 1912, 188.
Sequoia Trees— 1914. 265.
Serbia — 1902, 118, and in succeeding- volumes.
Serbia Conquered — 1916, 351.
Serbia, Revolution in — 1904, 216.
Seven Modern Wonders — 1913, 243.
Sevens and Threes — 1912, 188.
Seventeenth Amendment to Constitution — 1914.
48.
Sewall, Arthur, Sketch — 1897, 154.
Sewall, H. M., Sketch — 1898. 205.
Sex. Population by — 1887. 16; 1893, 30; 1902.
53; 1904, 64, and in succeeding- volumes.
Sexes, The — 1890, 181.
Sexton. J. A., Sketch — 1899. 226.
Seymour. J. S., Sketch — 1894, 61.
Shackleton Expedition — 1908. 135; 1910. 330;
1915. 338; 1916, 217; 1917, 166; 1918.
193.
Shafroth, J. F., Sketch — 1914, 259.
Shatter, W. R., Sketch — 1899, 226.
Shaw, A. D., Sketch — 1900, 130.
Shaw. L. M.. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Shea Conspiracy Trials — 1908, 78.
Sheep Per Square Mile — 1893. 84.
Sheldon, G. R.. Sketch — 1909, 324.
Sherman Bill. Repeal of — 1894, 87.
Sherman. John, Sketch — 1898, 201.
Sherman. J. S.. Sketch — 1909. 331; 1910. 33;
Death of. 1913, 390.
Sherman. L. Y.. Elected U. S. Senator — 1914,
458; Sketch, 1914, 259.
Shields, J. K.. Sketch — 1914. 259.
Shipbuilding: of the World — 1892. 123.
Shipping- Board Law — 1917, 187; Members,
1918. 530.
Shipping- Data (Marine) — 1916. 38, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Shipping- Investigation — 1916, 240.
Shipping- of the World — 1896, 51; 1904, 136;
1909, 86.
Shippy, Chief. Attempt to Kill — 1909, 488.
Ships. German. Seized— 403. 531.
Shipwrecks — 1902. .335; 1904, 243, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Shiras. G.. Sketch — 1893. 63.
Shirt Industry — 1917. 66.
Shively. Benjamin. Sketch— 1910. 394.
Shonts, T. P., Sketch — 1906, 299.
Short Ballot— 1912. 91.
Shorthand, Speed in — 1906, 127; 1910, 209.
Shoup, G. L., Sketch — 1896, 88.
Siam — 1902. 121. and in succeeding- volumes.
Siam and France — 1894, 68.
Siberian Railway — 1902. 85.
Siglit and Distance — 1890. 181.
Sig-sbee, C. D., Sketch — 1899. 226.
Sill. J. M. B.. Sketch — 1895. 105.
Silver — See Gold and Silver.
Simmons, F. M., Sketch — 1902. 101; 1908,
356.
Simon. Joseph, Sketch — 1899. 222.
Simplon Tunnel Completed — 1906, 113.
Sims, W. S.. Sketch — 1918, 489.
Singer Building — 1908. 105.
Single Tax League — 1891. 184.
Sins, Seven Deadly — 1912. 188.
Sixteenth Amendment to Constitution — 1914.
48.
Skager-Rak, Battle of — 1917. 470.
Slavonia, Wreck of — 1910, 218.
Sleepers, Seven — 1912, 188.
Smith, Charles E.. Sketch — 1899. 221.
Smith. C. W., Sketch — 1909, 324.
Smith, E. D., Sketch — 1910, 394.
Smith, Hoke, Sketch — 1894, 58; 1912, 406.
Smith. J.. Jr.. Sketch— 1894, 63.
Smith, J. W., Sketch — 1909, 324.
Smith, M. A., Sketch — 1913. 389.
Smith, W. A.. Sketch — 1914. 260.
Smith-Lever Act — 1915. 288.
Smoke Abatement Report, Chicago — 1916, 669.
Smoot. Reed. Sketch— 1904. 205; 1910. 394.
Snaoot, Reed, Case Against, Ended — 1908, 344.
Snake Victims in India — 1905, 250.
Snow Limit — 1893, 377.
Societies, Fraternal — 1903, 183, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Societies, Learned — 1908, 102; 1909, 236;
1910, 476, and in succeeding volumes.
Societies, National — See Associations.
Societies, Patriotic — In each volume from 1889.
Society Islands Hurricane — 1907, 267.
Society of Jesus Election — 1916. 100.
Soil Carried to Tidewater — 1916. 84.
Soldiers' Equipment — 1918, 517.
Soldiers' Insurance Act— 1918, 453, 461.
Somme, Battle of — 1917. 529.
South Africa, Union of — 1911. 122; 1912,
202; Rebellion in, 1916, 329.
South Carolina Exposition — 1902, 338.
South Pole Nearly Reached — 1910, 330.
South Pole Reached — 1913, 148; 1914, 181.
South Shore Improvement — See Lake Front
Agreement.
South Water Street Plan — 1918, 680.
Southgate, J. H., Sketch — 1897, 156.
Spain — In each volume since 1902.
Spain and Church — 1911, 125.
Spain and Morocco — 1910, 428.
Spain. Riots in — 1910. 318.
Spalding, A. G., Sketch — 1911, 335.
Spalding-, J. L., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Spanish-American War — 1899, 107. 115. 120.
296; 1900. 106: 1901, 156: 1902. 111. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Sparrows, Increase of — 1887, 15.
Speakers of the House — 1900, 309, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Specific Gravity Table — 1908. 92; 1909, 154.
Speed Rates Per Hour — 1913, 381.
Spelling, Simplified — 1907, 130; 1909, 243.
Spellmeyer, H., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Spirits. Materials Used in — 1894, 201; 1896,
211; 1898, 54: 1899, 298; 1900, 97; 1901.
237; 1902, 221; 1906, 26.
Spooner. J. C., Sketch — 1898, 210; 1904, 205.
Sporting Records — In each volume from 1890-
Springfield (111.) Lynchings and Riots — 1909.
258.
Spring-Rice, C. A.. Sketch— 1914. 260.
"Spurlos Versenkt" Cables— 1918. 501.
Squiers, H. G., Sketch — 1903, 235; 1907, 273.
Stackhouse Expedition — 1914, 184.
Stamp Taxes — 1915, 291; 1916, 159; 1918.
437.
Standard Oil Suits — 1907. 263: 1908, 233;
1910, 432; Supreme Court Decision. 1912. 33.
Stanford University Gift — 1902. 366
Stanley in Africa-^1891. 318.
Staples, Consumption of — 1898, 111.
Stars, Number of — 1888, 12; 1908. 26. and in
succeeding volumes.
Starved Rock State Park — 1912, 85.
State Houses. Value of — 1917, 121.
State Nicknames and Flowers — 1904, 114, and
in succeeding volumes.
State Officers — See Election Returns in each
volume.
States, Area, Population. Governors, Capitals,
etc. — In each volume from 1887.
States, Names — 1889, 180; 1896, 51; 1901,
State's, New— 1891. 112: 1907, 175.
Statue of the Republic. Chicago — 1916, 676.
FOB INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1019
Steamboating Chronology — 1888, 127; 1898,
66.
Steam Laundries — 1917, 198.
Steamship Companies Sued — 1912, 329.
Steamship Expenses — 1916, 174.
Steamship Lines Merged — 1903, 63.
Steamships. Great Ocean — 1902, 66; 1903. 93;
1908, 43; 1911, 184, and in succeeding
volumes. .
Steel Corporation Suit — 1912. '314; 1916. 48
(decision).
Steel Prices Cut — 1918, 526.
Steel Product — 1891, 89; 1904, 50, 114; 1905,
38.
Stefans'son Expedition — 1912, 210; 1914, 184;
1910, 217; 1917. 166.
Stensland Bank Failure — 1907, 411.
Stephenson Investigation — 1912, 407; 1913,
158.
Stephenson, Isaac, Sketch — 1908, 356; 1910,
394.
Sterling, Thomas, Sketch — 1914, 260.
Stevens, D. W., Assassinated — 1909, 172.
Stevens, John F., Sketch — 1906, 300.
Stevenson, A. E.. Sketch — 1893, 61; 1901, 242.
Stewart, J. W., Sketch — 1909, 325.
Stewart, T. J., Sketch — 1903, 236.
Stills, Illicit, Seized — 1891, 109; 1900, 98.
Stimson, H. L., Sketch — 1912, 407.
Stock Exchange, Chicago — 1902, 400 ; 1904,
410; 1906, 468, and in succeeding volumes.
Stock, Live, Inspection — 1891, 121.
Stocks, Panic in — 1902, 44.
Stockyards, Facts About — 1917, 710.
Stockyards Fire — 1912, 612.
Stoessel, Gen., in Prison — 1909, 319.
Stolypin Assassinated — 1912, 213.
Stone. Ellen M., Abduction of — 1902, 422;
1903, 56.
Stone. John T., Sketch — 1914, 260.
Stone, Lithographic— 1918. 79.
Stone, W. J., Sketch — 1910, 394.
Storer, B., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Storms and Floods — 1902, 336, and in suc-
ceeding volumes.
Strathcona, Lord, Death of — 1915, 264.
Straus, Oscar S., Sketch — 1907. 273.
Street Guide, Chicago — 1908. 514; 1909, 502;
1915, 619, and in succeeding- volumes.
Street Railway Licenses — 1903, 392.
Street Railway Ordinance, Chicago— 1908. 496.
Street Railways in Chicago^l905, 405, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Streets, Famous — 1912. 271; 1915, 166.
Streets in Cities — 1891, 99; 1906, 65.
Strike, Anthracite Coal — 1903, 191.
Strike, Lawrence — 1913, 372.
Strike, Railway, England — 1912, 479.
Strike. Teamsters' — 1906, 351.
Strike, Telegraph Operators' — 1908, 390.
Strikes— 1889. 164; 1895, 77, 89: 1896. 198:
1898, 242: 1902. 337: 1903, 30. 99. 192:
1904. 55, 430; 1905, 257. and in succeed-
ing: volumes.
Stubbs, W. R.. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Submarine Crisis. Wilspn on — 1917, 478.
Submarine E-2, Explosion — 1917, 165.
Submarine F-4, Loss of — 1916. 202.
Submarine Sinks Ships on U. S. Coast — 1917,
474.
Subsidies Paid by All Nations — 1890, 45.
Subsidies, Roosevelt on — 1908, 79, 374.
Suburbs of Chicago — 1902, 418; 1903. 424;
1904. 422; 1905. 420; 1906, 436.
Subway Commission, Chicago— 1912, 620;
1914. 467, 546.
Subway Plan Report — 1917, 600.
Suez Canal Statistics^-1904, 15.
Suffrage Amendment in Congress — 1916, 242.
Suffrage. Qualifications for — In each volume
from 1889.
Suffrage Vote, Michigan — 1913, 489.
Suffrage. Woman — 1914, 397, 491, and in
succeeding volumes.
Sugar Beets — 1892. 114: 1898. 102.
Sugar Bounty — 1894, 203; 1895, 367.
Sugar, Brussels, Conference — 1902, 44.
99.
vol-
Sugar Consumption — 1892, 114; 1898,
139; 1902. 43; 1905. 180; 1900, 85.
Sugar Statistics — 1891, 64; 1892, 114; 1894.
202; 1900, 100, and in succeeding volumes.
Sugar Trust. Restitution by — 1910, 204.
Suicide. Facts About — 1888. 16.
Sulu Treaty — 1901, 261.
Sulzer, William, Sketch — 1913, 389; Impeach-
ment, 1914, 201.
Sun Yat Sen, Sketch — 1913. 390.
Sunday Saloon Closing, Chicago— 1916. 676.
Sunday Schools — 1894, 41; 1897. 183.
Supreme Court, Illinois — In each volume.
Supreme Court, United States — In each
ume.
Sussex, Torpedoing of the — 1917, 485.
Sutherland, George, Sketch — 1906, 298.
Sutro Tunnel — 1912, 126.
Swain, Joseph, Sketch — 1914, 260.
Swallow, S. C., Sketch — 1905. 203.
Swanson, C. A., Sketch — 1911, 335.
Swayne Impeachment — 1906, 350.
Sweden — In each volume since 1902.
Sweden and Norway — 1906, 131; 1911, 125.
Sweden, Famine in — 1904, 122.
Sweet, E. F., Sketch — 1914, 260.
Swensen, E. B., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Swiss Neutrality — 1918, 526, 562.
Switzerland — In each volume since 1902.
Syndicalism — 1914, 49.
Syrian Troubles — 1904, 210.
Taal Volcano Eruption — 1912, 137.
Taft Budget Plan — 1914. 122.
Taft Vetoes — 1912. 71. 75.
Taft, W. H., Inauguration of — 1910. 31.
Taft, W. H., Sketch — 1901, 247; 1909, 321;
1910, 33.
Taft's Trip Around World — 1908, 401.
Taggart Divorce Case — 1906, 162.
Taggart, Thomas, Sketch — 1905. 204.
Taliaferro, J. P.. Sketch — 1900. 126.
Tallman, C., Sketch — 1914, 260.
Tampico Flag Incident — 1916, 233.
"Tanks" Used in Battle — 1917, 474.
Tariff Commission — 1911, 62; Tariff Commis-
sion Law. 1917, 185.
Tariff, History of the — 1891, 23; 1908, 69;
1909, 90.
Tariff Legislation — 1891, 26: 1895, 26; 1911,
62,
Tariff, Payne-Aldrich — 1910. 37-62.
Tariff Question in England — 1904, 245.
Tariff Rates — 1903. 59. and in succeeding
volumes.
Tariff Revenues — 1904, 102.
Tariff, Underwood-Simmons — 1914, 240. 241.
244.
Tariffs Compared — 1889. 15: 1894. 90; 1895.
28; 1910. 62.
Tariffs, Foreign — 1892, 52.
Tatsu. Seizure of — 1909.
Tax Amendment. Illinois
.
148.
1916. 660; 1917.
597.
Tax, Estate — 1918, 54.
Tax. Excess Profits — 1918, 54.
Taxable Incomes — 1915. 520: 1917. 179.
Taxation, Chicago — 1902. 428, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Taxation, Digest of — 1894. 42.
Taxes, Per Capita — 1901, 136.
Taxes. War Revenue — 1899. 151: 1915, 291:
1916. 158; 1917, 179; 1918, 428.
Taxicab Fares. Chicago — 1916, 642. and in
succeeding volumes.
Taylor, Graham. Sketch — 1914. 260.
Taylor, H., Sketch— 1894. 60.
Taylor. H. A., Sketch — 1900, 125.
Taylor. R. L., Sketch — 1907, 272: 1908. 359.
Tea, Consumption of — 1891. 76; 1898, 51;
1903, 72, and in succeeding volumes.
Tehuantepec Railway — 190S, 148.
Telegraph Rates from Chicago — 1902. 412.
Telegraph Statistics — 1900. 151-154; 1903,
102, and in succeeding volumes.
Telegraph Systems of U. S. — 1915. 265.
Telegraphic Champions — 1916. 188.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
1020
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1919.
Telegraphy, Wireless — 1902. 366.
Telephone Ordinance, Chicago — 1908, 402 :
1914, 574.
Telephone Bates — 1903, 61.
Telephone Statistics — 1907. 181. and in suc-
ceeding- volumes.
Telephones of the World — 1899, 84.
Telephoning Across U. S. — 1916, 192.
Telescopes, American— 1892, 39.
Telescopes, Great — 1900, 376: 1918. 155.
Teller. Henry M.. Sketch— 1904. 205.
Tener, J. K., Sketch — 1911. 335.
Tennis Courts — 1916, 455.
Terminal, West Side R. R. — 1915, 648; 1916.
678.
Terre Haute Tornado — 1914, 403.
Terrell, J. M., Sketch — 1911, 335.
Terrill, A. W., Sketch — 1894, 61.
Texas, Annexation — 1901, 133.
Texas Bicentennial — 1917, 197.
Thaw, Harry K., Trial — 1908, 60; 1909. 320.
Theater Fires — 1909, 260; 1911, 173; 1912.
252, and in subsequent volumes.
Theaters, Capacity — 1893, 114.
Theaters and Halls, Chicago— 1902. 402. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Thermometers Compared — 1902. 74, and in
succeeding- volumes.
Thomas. Charles S., Sketch — 1914, 260.
Thomas Orchestra — 1913, 581.
Thompson, C. A., Sketch — 1913, 389.
Thompson, F. L., Sketch — 1910, 394.
Thompson, T. L.. Sketch — 1894, 61.
Threes and Sevens — 1912, 188.
Thurston, J. M., Sketch — 1896, 90.
Tibbies, T. H., Sketch — 1905, 203.
Tibet, British in — 1905, 282.
Ticket Scalping — 1908, 405.
Tiger Victims in India — 1905, 250.
Tillman, J. H., Trial of — 1904, 245.
Timber Supply — 1898. 197; 1908. 123.
Time, Difference in — 1902, 69, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Time, Foreign Standards of — 1905, 15, and
in succeeding volumes.
Time, Measurement of — 1890, 188.
Time. Standard, to Obtain — 1890. 179; 1891,
320; 1892, 354; 1893, 380; 1894, 211;
1895. 247; 1896. 250; 1897, 269; 1898,
162; 1900. 250.
Time Without a Watch — 1894. 212.
Tire Ordinance — 1P08, 466.
Tisza, Count, Attempt to Kill — 1913. 260.
Titanic Disaster — 1913, 151.
Titled American Women — 1896, 239.
Titles, Official — 1895. 225.
Tobacco Statistics — See Agriculture.
Tobacco Trust Suit — 1908, 234; Supreme
Court Decision. 1912. 51.
Tobacco Used — 1900, 99; 1901, 238.
Togro, Admiral, Sketch — 1906, 300.
Tolstoy, Leo, Death — 1911, 342.
Tornadoes, Destructive — 1891. 321; 1914, 402,
403.
Toronto (Ont.) Fire — 1905, 144.
Torpedo, Hammond — 1917. 204.
Torrance, Ell, Sketch — 1902, 101.
Torrens Title System — 1896, 82: 1904. 363.
Tower, C., Sketch — 1898. 205; 1904, 204.
Towers, High — 1908, 260.
Townsend, C. E., Sketch — 1912. 407.
Townsend, L., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Track Elevation — 1904, 375, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Tractors, Armored, in War — 1917, 475.
Tracy, Harry, Bandit — 1903, 380.
Trade Agreements — 1917, 177.
Trade, Balance of — 1895. 242: 1806. 193;
1899. 232; 1900, 46; 1901. 27: 1902, 18.
Trade Commission Law — 1915. 286.
Trade, Domestic, in U. S. — 1917, 172.
Trade-Marks — 1896, 226; 1906. 106, and in
succeeding volumes.
Trading with Enemy Act — 1917, 521; 1918.
446. 475.
Train Robberies — 1903. 172.
Training Camp. Fort Sheridan — 1916. 650.
Training Camps — 1917, 218, 233.
Trains in Chicago. One Day's — 1902 408-
1903, 406; 1904, 397; 1905, 405; 1906*
472; 1907, 442; 1908, 484; 1909, 554.
Trans-Mississippi Exposition — 1897, 259 *
1898, 240.
Transportation, Water — 1909, 88.
Transvaal Colony — 1906. 125; 1907, 115;
1908, 185.
Travel, Foreign — 1896. 134.
Travelers, Hints for — 1887, 18; Free List for,
1908, 122, and in succeeding- volumes.
Treaties, General Arbitration — 1912, 477;
1913, 190.
Treaties, General Peace — 1915. 469.
Treaty, Franco-American — 1909, 220.
Tree, How to Measure a — 1888. 14.
Tree, Largest — 1912. 382.
Trials, Noted — 1902, 107; 1903, 156; 1904.
245; 1905, 200: 1906, 162.
Triangle Factory Fire, New York — 1912, 483.
Trimble, H. M., Sketch — 1912. 407.
Tripoli, War in — 1912, 412.
Tripp, B., Sketch — 1894, 60.
Troops. American, in France — 1918. 543.
Troops, Call for — 1899, 121.
Trust, Beef — 1903. 210; 1904, 95.
Trust Laws — 1891, 111; 1901, 121; 1903,
150; 1904, 96; 1906, 129.
Trusts. American— 1899, 91; 1900, 65: 1902.
130; 1903. 62; 1904, 85 (complete list):
1905, 262.
Trusts, Illinois Law Against — 1903. 150; 1904,
353.
Trusts, Suits Against — 1907, 262; 1908, 234.
Tschaikovsky, N., Acquitted — 1911, 481.
Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Chicago — 1916, 619.
Tumulty, J. P., Sketch — 1914, 260.
Tunis — In each volume since 1902.
Tunnel, Loetschberg — 1912. 413.
Tunnels, Chicago River — 1903, 406, and in
succeeding volumes.
Tunnels, Freight, Chicago — 1915. 617; 1916.
683.
Tunnels, Great Railroad — 1903, 172; 1914.
36; 1916. 37.
Tunnels. Great Water — 1912. 126.
Tunnels, Hudson River — 1909, 150. 320.
Tnrco-Italian War — 1912, 412; 1913, 422.
Turkey — In each volume since 1902.
Turkey and Armenia — 1897, 130.
Turkey, Constitution in — 1909, 336.
Turkey, Earthquake in — 1913. 176.
Turkey, Greece and Crete— -1898, 249.
Turkey, Massacres in — 1910. 196.
Turkey, Revolution in — 1910. 212.
Turkish-Balkan War — 1913. 391; 1914, 130.
Turner, G., Sketch — 1898, 210; 1904, 205.
Tutuila — In each volume since 1901.
Twain, Mark, Death — 1911. 170.
Tyler Monument — 1912, 67.
U-53, Exploits of — 1917, 474.
Uganda Railway Completed — 1903, 31.
Underground Roads — 1903, 141.
Unemployment, Statistics of — 1914, 561:
1916, 100.
Unexplored Globe — 1896, 75.
Uniform, U. S., to Be Respected — 1912, 66.
Unitarians — See Religious Statistics.
United States — See States, Population, Courts.
etc.
United States in Armed Clash with Mexico—
1915 222.
United' States Government (Officials, Depart-
ments, Salaries, etc.) — In each volume
from 1891.
United States, Progress of — 1902, 32, and in
succeeding volumes.
United States, Status of. in World — 1902, 45.
United States Steel Corporation — 1902. 130;
1903, 64; 1904. 95: 1905, 262; 1911.201.
United States, Territorial Growth of — 1901.
132, and in succeeding volumes.
United States in Various Languages — 1018.
23.
United States, Wealth of — 1907, 280; 1908.
38; 1009, 50: 1916. 78.
United States Enters World War — 1918, 377.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919.
1021
Universities — See Colleges and Universities.
University Extension — 1897, 141.
University of Chicago, Gifts to — 1896, 414:
1909. 407.
Urban Population — 1893, 29; 1901, 135. and
in succeeding- volumes.
Uruguay — In each volume since 1902.
Utilities Law, Illinois — 1914. 490.
Utility Commissions, Public — 1908. 331; 1914.
490: 1916. 199.
Valencia. Wreck of — 1907. 105.
Valparaiso Earthquake — 1907, 264.
Vancouver Riots — 1908, 340.
Van Dyke. H.. Sketch— 1903, 237: 1913. 261.
Van Sant, S. R., Sketch — 1910. 394.
Vaughan, V. C.. Sketch— 1914. 261.
Venezuela — 1904, 219, and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Venezuela and Colombia — 1902. 218.
Venezuela and Great Britain — 1896, 86: 1897.
127; 1898. 253.
Venezuela and Holland — 1909, 414.
Venezuela and United States — 1909, 320;
1910. 209.
Venezuela Asphalt Dispute — 1906. 149.
Venezuela. Blockade of— 1903. 433: 1904.
219; 1905. 16.
Vera Cruz Occupied by U. S. Troops — 1915.
226.
Verdun. Battles for — 1917, 528.
Vessels Built in the World — 1891, 25: 1908,
42.
Vessels. Largest Sailing — 1903, 74.
Vesuvius. Eruption of — 1907, 266.
Veto Power of House of Lords Curbed — 1912,
78.
Vetoes by Presidents — 1901, 105.
Vetoes. Taft — 1912, 71. 75; 1914, 238.
Viaducts. Great — 1903, 193.
Viborg_ Manifesto — 1907. 269.
Vice Commission. Chicago— 1911, 608; 1912.
530.
Vice-Presidents — See Presidents.
Victor (Col.) Dynamite Outrage — 1905, 262.
Victoria. Death of — 1902. 186.
Vineyards. Area — 1892, 102.
Virgin Islands of United States — 1918, 37, 38.
Vital Statistics — See Deaths and Death Rate.
Vogue. Marquis de. Sketch — 1902. 101.
Volturno, Wreck of — 1914, 198.
Von Eckhardt Letter — 1918, 501.
Von Igel Plots — 1918. 697.
Von Plehve. Assassination — 1905. 257; 1906,
309.
Vopicka, C. J., Sketch— 1914. 261.
Vote, Electoral — See Electoral Vote.
Vote, Presidential — In each volume from 1888.
Voting Age, Males of — 1893, 33; 1902. 56:
1904. 61; 1905. 62: 1906, 61: 1907, 47;
1908, 49.
Voting Age. Women of — 1913, 97; 1914. 69.
Voting Machine Law — 1904. 357.
Voting Preferential — 1912. 93.
Voting-, Qualifications — In each volume from
1889.
Voting by Soldiers — 1918, 616.
Voting System, Australian — 1890, 159.
Voyages. Fast Atlantic — See Fastest Ocean
Passages.
Wade, J. F., Sketch — 1899. 227.
Wage Laws, Minimum — 1914, 415 (see Mini-
mum Wage Laws).
Wages and Cost of Living — 1905, 50; 1906.
76; 1907, 63.
Wages in Europe and America — 1891, 125:
1905, 49.
Wages in Foreign Countries — 1896, 44.
Wages Lost in Strikes — 1896. 201.
Wages on Farms — 1902, 44.
Wages, Tables of — 1908, 170, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
Wake Island, Taking of — 1901, 135.
Walcott. C. D., Sketch — 1908, 356.
Walk, Long, by Mrs. Beach — 1913, 67.
Walker, Asa, Sketch — 1899. 223.
Walker, I. N., Sketch — 1896, 92.
Walker, J. G., Sketch — 1905, 206.
Wallace, J. F., Sketch — 1905. 205; 1906, 300.
Waller Case — 1896, 220; 1897, 113
Walsh, John R.. Case— 1909, 410: 1912. 403
Walsh. Patrick, Sketch — 1896, 106.
Walsh. T. J., Sketch — 1914, 261.
War and Chicago — 1918, 669.
War and Education, Cost of — 1895, 366.
War Budgets of the World — 1899. 150.
War Department — In each volume.
War, European — 1915, 367; Aeroplanes in.
451; Aisne, Battle of, 455; American Neu-
trality, 455; Assassination of Archduke Fer-
dinand, 368; Atrocities, 448; Official Docu-
ments, 370; Marne, Battle of, 455; Mora-
toriums, 449; Pronouncing Gazetteer, 460:
Submarines, 445, 453; Alliances, 369;
Losses, 450; Naval Losses, 450; Cost in
Money, 451; Narrative, 453.
War. World — 1916, 312; Ancona, Sinking of.
339; Arabic, Sinking of, 339; Armenian
Massacres, 328; Atrocities, 330; Boy-Ed,
Capt., Recalled, 347; Bulgaria Enters War,
320; Cavell, Edith, Execution of, 332:
Champagne, Battle of, 321; Dardanelles
Campaign, 350; Diplomatic Correspondence.
360 ; Dumba, Recall of, 345 ; Egypt a Protecto-
rate: 328: Falkland Islands. Battle of. 321:
Frye, W. P., Sunk. 340; Holt. Frank, Plots
of. 344; Interned Ships, 341, 342; Italy En-
ters War, 316; Loan, Anglo-British. 354:
Lusitania, Sinking of, 325; Neuve Chapelle.
Battle of, 321; Papen, Capt. von. Recall.
347; Review of War, 347; Sarajevo Plotters
Executed. 328; Serbian Campaign, 351;
Warships Lost, 313; Ypres, Battle of, 321:
Zeppelin Raids, 327.
War, World — 1917, 468; Americans on Armed
Merchantmen, 475 : Appam Case, 500 ; Belgian
Deportations. 482; Blacklisting-, 521: Case-
ment, Sir Roger. Executed, 481: Commerce.
Restraints on, 509; Congress Action in, 475;
Cost' of war, 469; Deutschland, Voyages of,
473; Diplomatic Correspondence, 485; French
Deportations, 482; Fryatt, Capt., Execution,
474; Gallipoli Evacuated, 530; German Sub-
marine ' Promise, 492; Germany's Peace Of-
fer, 531; Goritz, Capture of, 530; Ireland,
Revolt in, 480; Jutland, Battle of. 470;
Kitchener, Death of, 470: Marina Case, 473:
Persia, Sinking of, 473; Polish Kingdom Re-
stored, 528; Portugal Enters War, 484:
Provence, Sinking of. 472; Roumania Enters
War, 484; Saloniki Campaign, 531; Somme,
Battle of, 470: Submarine Warfare. 473;
Sussex Case, 473, 475; "Tanks" in War,
474; Trading with Enemy Act, 521; Verdun.
Struggle for. 528: Zeppelin Raids, 482.
War, World — 1918. 359; Aircraft Production,
536; Alien Property Act, 448; Antilles Sunk,
541; Appam Restored, 551; Armed Neutral-
ity, 583; Army Law, Emergency, 397;
Austria-Hungary, United States Declares War
Against, 464, 466; Aviation Service Law,
423; Belgian Deportations, 504; Bernstorff
Given Passports. 382: Blockade Zones, 380:
Bolshevik Peace Offer. 376- Britannic Sunk,
538; Cambrai, Battle of, 548; Camps and
Cantonments, 478, 479: Chauncey, Loss of,
542; Congress, War Work of, 396: Cron-
hofen Affair, 501- Czar Deposed, 508; Dates
of Big Battles. 551; Draft, 395, 406. 672;
Espionage Law, 409; Finland Torpedoed,
542; Food Conservation, 417. 528, 529:
Goethals-Denman Dispute, 531; Greece, King
of. Deposed, 515; Hindenburg Retreat, 647;
Insignia, Military, 486; Insurance War Act,
453; Italian Retreat, 650; Joffre in Chicago,
570; Liberty Loans, 523; Luxburg Affair,
501; Mesopotamia, Campaign in, 613; Peace
Propositions, 363; "Peace Without Victory."
370; Pope's Peace Appeal, 372: Red Cross
War Work, 533; Russia, Revolution in, 508;
Ship Seizure Law, 403; Submarine War,
379. 536: Trading with Enemy Act. 446:
United States Enters War, 377; Vimy Ridee
Taken. 547- War Messages, 387. 486; Y. M.
C. A. War Work. 535; Zeppelin Raids, 533:
Zimmermann Mexican Plot, 385.
FOR INDEX Or THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK TOR 1919.
War, Survivors ol Civil — 1904, 22; 1905, 122,
1907, 32.
Ward, A. Montgomery, Death — 1914, 565.
Ward Boundaries of Chicago — 1902, 394, and
in succeeding volumes.
Ware, Eugene. Sketch — 1903. 235.
Warehouse Act — 1917, 194.
Warne, F. W., Sketch — 1901, 250.
Warner, Fred M., Sketch — 1907, 274.
Warner. Vespasian, Sketch — 1906, 299.
Warner, William, Sketch — 1906, 298.
Warren, F. E.. Sketch — 1896. 92.
Wars, Chronology of Recent — 1902, 111;
1904, 112. and in succeeding volumes.
Wars. Cost of Modern — 1902, 91; 1918. 562.
Wars, United States — 1895. 182; 1899, 183.
1900, 264.
Washington. Booker T., Death of — 1916. 425.
Water, Tests of Pure — 1887, 17.
Waterbury (Conn.) Fire — 1903. 198.
Waterfalls, Famous — 1909, 190; 1910. 36;
1911. 132: 1912, 102; 1914. 243.
Waterways, Deep— 1898, 236; 1908, 82, 369.
399, 400; 1909, 548; 1910, 72, 403; 1911.
312; 1912, 220, 291.
Waterworks. Chicago — 1902, 410; 1906, 434;
1908, 462, and in succeeding volumes.
Watkins, A. S.. Sketch — 1909, 321.
Watkins, T. H., Sketch — 1903, 238.
Watson, C. W., Sketch — 1912. 407.
Watson. J. C., Sketch — 1899, 225; 1903. 236.
Watson, T. E.. Sketch — 1897. 154; 1905, 303;
1909. 321.
Waves, Height of Ocea:
-1902, 186.
Wealth and Debts of Nations — 1894, 101;
1904, 220: 1905. 88; 1906, 88; 1916. 80.
Wealth, Increase of — 1890. 160.
Wealth of United States — See United States,
Wealth of.
Wealthiest Men and Women — 1903, 182.
Weather Forecasts and Signals — 1888, 128;
1892, 63; 1902, 74. and in succeeding vol-
umes.
Weather, Hot (1901) — 1902. 112; in 1911.
1912, 199.
Weaver. J. B;. Letter — 1893, 165.
Weaver. J. B., Sketch — 1893, 61.
Weber-Kanter-Loveless Case — 1902. 107.
Webster, R. E.. Sketch — 1904, 205.
Wedding Anniversaries — 1888, 74: 1904, 110:
1905, 28, and in succeeding volumes.
Week, Days of — 1888, 16.
Weeks, J. W.. Sketch — 1914, 261.
Weights and Measures, United States — See
Measures and Weights.
Weights. Healthy — 1902. 67; 1903, 15; 1908,
330; 1909, 277.
Weissert. A. G., Sketch — 1893. «4.
Wellington. G. L.. Sketch — 1897, 160.
Wellman Expedition — 1907. 246: 1908, 134;
1910, 331; Attempts to Cross Atlantic in
Dirigible, 1911. 318.
Wells, Deepest — 1916, 83.
Wells, H. M., Sketch — 1896. 93.
Welsh Church Disestablishment — 1915, 357.
Wernz, Francis X.. Sketch — 1907, 274.
West Indies. Danish, Sale — 1917, 420; 1918.
37.
West Point Academy — See Military Academies.
West Point Cadets, Number Increased — 1917.
Weston's Long Walk— 1908. 380; 1910. 317;
1911. 225; 1914. 367.
Wet and Dry Cities and Towns in Ulinoie
1916, 665.
Wetmore, G. P., Sketch — 1909. 324.
Wheat, Prices of — In each volume from 1891.
Wheat Statistics — See Agriculture.
Wheeler, Joseph, Sketch— 1899, 227.
White, A. D., Sketch — 1893, 63; 1897. 158.
White, E. D.. Sketch — 1895, 106.
White, Henry, Sketch — 1906, 299.
White, S. M., Sketch — 1894, 63.
Whitla Kidnaping Case — 1910, 112.
Whyte, William P., Sketch — 1907, 272.
Wickersham, G. W., Sketch — 1910, 33.
Wiley, Dr., Resignation of — 1913, 158.
Wilkin. Jacob W., Sketch — 1902. 102.
Willard Statue — 1904, 363.
William, Emperor, Interviews — 1909, 414.
Williams. S. W., Sketch — 1909, 321.
Willis, A. S., Sketch — 1894. 60.
Wilson and Cleveland — 1895, 125.
Wilson Bill, The — 1894. 90; 1908, 69.
Wilson, Ellen, Homes — 1916, 231.
Wilson. Hunting-ton, Sketch — 1907, 273.
Wilson, H. L., Sketch — 1898, 206.
Wilson, J., Sketch — 1898, 202; 1910. 33.
Wilson, J. H.. Sketch — 1899, 227; 1903, 236.
Wilson, J. L., Sketch — 1896. 91.
Wilson, Luther B., Sketch — 1905. 206.
Wilson, Woodrow, Elected President — 1913.
399; Inaugurated, 1914, 36; Re-Elected,
1917, 423. 424; Second Inauguration, 1918.
39.
Wilson, Woodrow. Preparedness Tour — 1917,
202.
Wilson, Woodrow. Sketch — 1903. 237; 1911.'
335; 1913, 387.
Wilson. Woodrow, Notes and Speeches in 1917
— 1918, 363, 370, 371. 374. 381. 383. 385.
387, 391. 392. 394, 395, 464, 470, 472.
512, 562.
Wilson. W. L.. Sketch— 1896. 87.
Wind Pressures — 1899. 102.
Wine, Dealers in — 1891. 75.
Wine Growers' Revolt — 1908, 322.
Wine Production — 1899, 101; 1901,240; 1903.
43; 1905, 62: 1907, 99.
Wines, Aging of — 1887, 13.
Wines. Consumption — 1895, 67; 1898, 51;
1906, 85.349, and in succeeding volumes.
Wines, F. H., Sketch — 1900. 126.
Wireless Messages — See Radio Messages.
Witte, Serge, Sketch — 1906, 300.
Woman. First, in Congress— 1917, 539.
Woman, Proper Weight of a — 1890, 89; 1902,
67.
Woman Suffrage— 1914. 397.
Woman Suffrage Law, Illinois — 1914. 491.
Woman Suffrage, Vote on — 1896, 286.
Women, Associations of— 1902, 340; 1904, 222.
Women, Hours of Work for— 1910. 442: 1915.
289.
Women, Occupations of — 1904, 150.
Women, Titled American — 1896. 239.
Wonders, American — 1893. 190.
Wonders, Seven — 1909. 275.
Wood. E. P., Sketch — 1899. 223.
Woodford, S. L., Sketch — 1898, 204.
Wood Pulp, Trade in — 1908, 115; Manufac-
ture of. 1917. 312.
Woods, Weight of-r-1902, 86.
Wool, Statistics of — In each volume since 1891.
Wool Tariff Bill — 1912. 71.
Woolley. J. G., Sketch — 1901. 243.
Worcester, D. C., Sketch— 1901. 248.
Workmen's Compensation Acts — 1912, 96.
Works, J. D., Sketch — 1912. 407.
World, Fastest Trips Around— 1914. 142.
World's Columbian Exposition — 1891, 77: Act
Incorporating, 77-79; Commissioners and Al-
ternates, 79-80; Directory of, 79: Officers
of, 79; Committees of, 80-82; The Local
Directory, 82; Committees of, 82: Officers
of, 82; Lady Managers of, 83; Chicago Lady
Managers of, 84; Contesting Location of, 79;
Stockholders of, 85-88; 1892, 202: 1893.
197-233: Attendance at. 1894. 186: Chro-
nology of. 1894, 190; Cost of. 1894. 188:
Special Days at, 1894, 187.
World's Fairs, Previous — 1891, 89; 1908. 352.
Wrecks. Marine — 1903, 282; 1904, 83; 1906,
352, and in succeeding volumes.
Wrecks, Statistics of — 1903, 61; 1906, 313.
Wright, Carroll D., Sketch — 1903, 338.
Wright, L. E., Sketch — 1901, 248; 1904, 204;
1907, 273.
Wright. Wilbur, Death of — 1913, 134.
Wulff Kidnaping Case — 1910. 112.
Wyeth, John A., Sketch — 1901, 101.
Wyllie Assassination — 1910, 321.
Wynne. R. J.. Sketch— 1905. 204.
Yale Bicentennial — 1902, 342.
Wildes, Frank, Sketch — 1899. 223.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE PAGES 3-14.
ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1919. 1023
Yellow Fever — 1906, 348.
Yeomans, J. D.. Sketch — 1895. 107.
Y. M. C. A. Hotel. Chicago — 1916. 677.
Yoshihito, Emperor. Sketch— 1913, 390.
Young:. J. R., Sketch— 1898. 210.
Young:, Lafayette. Sketch — 1911. 335.
Young-. P. M. B., Sketch — 1894, 59.
Young-, S. B. M., Sketch — 1899, 229.
Ypres. Battle of— 1916, 321.
Yuan Shih-kai, Death of — 1917. 165.
Zeppelin, Airship Disasters — 1914, 396.
Zeppelin, Count, Death — 1918, 574.
Zeppelin Polar Plan — 1910. 331.
Zeppelins in War — 1915, 453; 1916. 327;
1917. 482.
Zionist Movement — 1902. 156.
Zoological Gardens— 1913, 227, and in succeed-
ing volumes.
FOR INDEX OF THE CURRENT VOLUME SEE FACES 3-14.
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