Full text of "Chicago daily news national almanac for .."

MAI

REMOTE STORAGE

THE UNIVERSITY

NAN

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SURVY

351+

FIRE

MARINE

LIABILITY

AUTOMOBILE

EXCESS LINES-BONDS

MAIN OFFICE

20th FLOOR INSURANCE EXCHANGE
CHICAGO

OFFICES IN

NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO

MINNEAPOLIS DETROIT

DENVER MONTREAL

DULUTH WINNIPEG

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COMPANY

WANTS GOOD MEN

AND
WILL PAY TH ^M WILL

Consider Carefully
These Vital Factors

In your selection of an automobile or a motor truck, your
first consideration should be the experience, and, second, the
stability financial and otherwise of the concern that is back
of it.

The first is your guarantee of quality.

The second your assurance of service when and as long
as you may require.

Your banker will tell you Reo Motor Car Company is
financially one of the strongest concerns in the world.

He will tell you, too, that this is not a recent achievement
-from the first Reo has been one of the solid, substantial
concerns in the industry.

When you select a Reo of any model you receive the re-
sults of the ripest experience and the soundest engineering
known to the industry.

To such an extent is this true, the very name on the
radiator has become a synonym for quality.

And the financial standing as well as the consistently con-
servative policy of Reo is your guarantee of service now and
in the long future.

Reo models are: 3-Passenger Roadster, 5-Passenger
Touring, Coupe and Sedan. These are all "Sixes."

And and that world famous Speed Wagon that fits every
business.

Reo Motor Car Company of Chicago, Inc.

1218 Michigan Ave.

Direct Factory Branch. Telephone Calumet 6050

The Letter that Saved Me 36%
on Typewriters

Received by a Business Man from a Buyer Friend

Chicago, Nov 2. 1920.
Dear Henry

I hear that you are down in New
York to open a branch office for
your firm. YSu'll be buying a lot
of things for the office, not the
least important of which will be
typewriters

And that's what I want to talk
to you about typewriters. I want
to give you the benefit of an ex-
perience I had some time ago, and
thereby, I hope, save you some
real money

About a year ago I decided to
buy a typewriter for home use My
first thought was to purchase one
of the makes we were using in the
office, which had been put in be-
fore I became buyer for the house.
But when it came to digging up a
hundred dollars for the machine
I just couldn't. Somehow or other it
looked like too much money to me.

Then I thought about picking up
a second-hand machine, but the
price was about as high, and I had
no assurance of service.

I was undecided as to what to
<lo, "when one evening at home I
ran across an Oliver Typewriter
ad in a magazine. . I remembered
then having read the advertising

before and being impressed with
the story

"Why pay $1OO for Any Type-
writer" -_ When You Can Buy a New
Oliver for $64?" read the ad
then it went on to explain how
The Oliver Typewriter Company
had cut the price by selling direct
and eliminating costly selling
methods It was clear to .me as an
experienced buyer how they could
well afford to top off .$36 of the
$100 by their new economical sell-

ing plan
The

Was $100

Before the War

Now $64 I

was more than pleased with the
Oliver I fully agreed with The
Oliver Typewriter Company that
if any typewriter was worth $100
it was this splendid Oliver.

Well, later when we found it
necessary to replace some of the
typewriters at the office, you may
be sure I put in Olivers, saving the
company a nice $36 oh each. At
first the girls were reluctant about
changing machines, but after a
week or two with the Oliver, they ,
wouldn't have any other. .

Naturally now we are all Oliver
enthusiasts that's why I write
this letter to you.

You just give the Oliver a trial
and you'll be more .than willing to'
buy me a good dinner when I ar-
rive in New York next month.
Yours, J. B

That is the letter that saved me
$36 on each of my typewriters, f
not only equipped the office with
the Oliver, but like my friend I
also bought one for home use Yes,
I am more than willing to buy my
friend a good dinner for his valuable

advice.

Any reader may order <an.
Oliver direct from this ad by
mailing the coupon. No money
in advance. No deposit, ,N,o
obligation to buy. Return' or
keep the Oliver as you decide
after five days free trial If,
you decide to keep the type-
writer, you may take a year,
and 'a half to pay at the. .easy
rate of $4 a 'month. Mail the"
coupon today" NOW

CuwtlutPrlnSU

TBe OUIYEP Typewrit (pmoan?

C-MOUvw TTpnrriMr Bldg.. Chiefs, 11 L

Over .900,000
Sold

OLIVER TYPEWRITER CO..

C-56 Oliver Typewriter Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Ship me a new Oliver Nine for five days' free inspection.
If I keep it, I will pay $64 at the rate of $4 per month.
The title to remain in you until fully paid lor.

My shipping point is

This does not place me under any obligation to buy. If

I choose to return the Oliver, I will ehip it back at your

expense at the end of five days.

Do not send a machine until I order it. Mail me your
>, book "The Higrh Cost of Typewriters The Reason and
to the Remedy," de luxe catalog and further information.

ad brought out the Fact, too,
that I didn't have to pay the $64 in
a lump sum. I could settle at the
easy rate of $4 a month. Naturally
that appealed to me, for it was as
easy as rental terms.

But the thing that decided me
was their free trial offer Without
my sending or depositing a penny,
they would ship me an Oliver for
.five days free trial. I could use
the typewriter for five days just as
if it were my own, and if I wasn't
satisfied, all I had to do was to
ship it back at the Oliver Com-
pany's expense. Well, I mailed in
the coupon *nd got an Oliver for
free trial To make a ,-,

short story shorter, I .-j^

A Finer

Typewriter at a

Fair Price

State.

Certainly! People in Chicago Can Buy
at Montgomery Ward & Co.

Buy either by mail or right over the counter!

We've given this answer to hundreds of inquiring
residents of Chicago and surrounding territory,
anxious to share the same money-saving opportuni-
ties offered our five million patrons throughout the
United States.

Our big store on Chicago Avenue, just
eight blocks west of Clark Street, offers you
this advantage. Here you'll find great sales-
rooms filled with all kinds of mer-
chandise at prices that will save you
from 30% to 40% on almost

Everything You Eat,
Wear or Use

Groceries, Wearing Apparel, Auto
Supplies, Machinery, Oils, Drugs,
House Furnishings, Furniture,
Building Supplies, etc.

Before making any purchase
consult our catalog or pay this
big store i> visit. You'll be
surprised by the savings you'll
make

Ill

m in

Send for Free Catalog.

7^4

111

r ,,njjj

r/iMMifp"r*M*i"{EEg

jijf

[2^8

'PORTLAND,
ORE.

KANSAS CITY.

CHICAGO

FORT WORTH

[THIRTY-SEVENTH YEAR]

THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS

ALMANAC

AND YEAR-BOOK

FOR

1921

EDITED BY JAMES LANGLAND, M. A.

ISSUED BY
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY

[Copyright. 1920. by The Chicago Daily News Company.]

PREFACE.

This issue of The Daily News Almanac and Year-Book
is occupied largely with important legislation by the 66th
congress, the results of the. decennial census and the election
of a new president, vice-president and congress of the United
States. Army reorganization, pensions, termination of fed-
eral control over railroads, the merchant marine, coal and
oil development on the public lands, water power regulation,
reclassification of postoffice employes and vocational re-
habilitation of persons disabled in industry or otherwise were
some of the many subjects on which the national lawmakers
acted. The laws of general interest are given in full in this
volume.

While the work of the federal census bureau was not com-
pleted in 1920, the populations of the various states in the
union, of the counties and of the majority of the cities were
announced, and are given in the following pages. The county
populations will be found in that part of the book giving the
election returns by states.

In the national party conventions and the campaign the
league of nations, reduction of taxation and reconstruction
were among the chief issues considered. The verdict at
the polls on Nov. 2 was in favor of the republican point of
view. The returns printed in this volume speak for themselves.

In addition to these topics considerable space is devoted to
the cost of living, the income tax, final statistics of the
great war, developments in Ireland, Russia and Mexico and
to other events in current history. The ratification of the
woman suffrage amendment to the constitution is recorded.
The regular statistical and other data relating to interna-
tional, national and local affairs appear as usual.

"S/0

INDEX 1920.

Abyssinia, Government of 556

Academy of Medicine, American 528

t Q Academy of Political and Social Science,

American 528

Academy of Science, Chicago 9,30

Of Accident and Health Insurance 246

. Accidents, Chicag-o ( 1919 ) 895

s^ Accidents in Mines, Quarries, Smelters.. 260

Accidents, Miscellaneous 495

Accidents, Railroad 311

Actuaries, American Institute of 528

Adams Park, Chicago 884

Admirals, U. S 605

Admissions and Dues 80

Advancement of Science, Amer. Assoc... 528

Adventurers Club, Chicago 808

Aero Club of Illinois 808

Afghanistan 555

Africa 556, 557

Africa, Population 645

Age, Population by 657

Agricultural Engineers, American Society... 529

Agricultural Exports, by Years 272

Agricultural Increase 273

Agricultural Products, Trade in 270-272

Agricultural Statistics 262-276

Agricultural Statistics, Data 272

Agriculture, Department of 508

Agriculture, Department of, Illinois 833

Aid for State Soldiers' Homes 204

Air Board of Chicago 868

Air Mail Service 489

Air Service Headquarters, U. S 591

Airplane Flights, Long 463

Airplane Records 463

Airplane Service 205

Akron, O., Population 649. 651

Alabama Counties, Population 722

Alabama, Large Cities in 679

Alabama, Population of 646

Alabama State Officers 723

Alabama, Vote of 722

Aland Dispute 563

Alaska, Government of 559

Alaska, Population of 648

Albania, Government 550

Albany, N. Y., Population 649, 650, 651

Alcock-Brown Flight 463

. Aldermanic Election, Chicago 771

Aldermen, Chicago 853

Aldermen, Chicago (1900-1920) 801

Aldermen. Terms of, Vote on 790

Aldermen, Wards, Chicago 871

Alexander, King of Greece, Death 572

Algeria, Government of 556

Alianza Hispano-Amerifrana 525

Alien Property Custodian ,. 509

Aliens, Deportation of 474

Aliens, Undesirable, Deportation of....'.'. 201

Alliance Francaise, Chicago 808

Alliance Nationale 525

Almshouses, Paupers in 667

Altgeld Park, Chicago 883

Altitudes, Continental ....... 57

America, North and South, Population.. 645
American Academy of Arts and Letters... 519

American Antiquities 67

American Bible Society 541

American Cities, Statistics ( 1918) 477

American Colleges and Universities. .247-253

American Defense Society 533

American Federation of Labor 275

American Insurance Union 525

American League, Baseball 420

American Legion 532

American Newspaper Pub. Association... 85

American Rights Under Mandates .... 690

American Shipping, Growth of 286

American Sunday School Union 541

American Tract Society 541

American Troops in Germany 636

American Unity Club, Chicago 808

America's Cup Races 442

Amundsen Expedition 575

Amusement Licenses 792

Amy L. Barnard Park, Chicago 884

Anarchists Arrested in Chicago 895

Anarchists, Exclusion and Expulsion of . . 191
Anatomists, American Association of. .. 528
Ancient Order U. Workmen of Arkansas. 525
Ancient Order U. Workmen, Connecticut.. 525

Ancient Order U. Workmen, Iowa 525

Ancient Order U. Workmen, Kansas 525

Ancient Order U. Workmen, Massachusetts 525

Ancient Order U. Workmen, Oklahoma 525

Ancient Order U. Workmen, Sup. Lodge.. 525

Annapolis Academy 608

Anniversaries, Wedding 47

Annuities for Government Employes. .188-191

Annuity Tables 61. 62

Antarctic Exploration 575

Antiquities, American 67

Anti-Saloon League of America 530

Apollo Musical Club 875

Appeals, Circuit Courts of , 510

Appeals, Customs, Court of 510

Appellate Court Clerk, Vote 790

Appellate Court, 1st District 844

Apple Crop by States 266, 267

Apportionment. Congress 211

Apportionment of Representatives, U, S.. 211

Appraiser's Office, Chicago..- 798

Appropriations, Chicago (1920) 861

Appropriations by Congress Since 1912.. 206

Arcade Park, Chicago 884

Archaeological Institute of America 529

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Arche Club, Chicago

Archery

Architect, Cook County

Architects, American Institute

Architectural Club. Chicago

Arctic Exploration

Area of United States

Argentine Republic, Government of

Arizona Counties. Population

Arizona, Population of

Arizona, State Officers

Arizona, Vote of

Arkansas Counties, Population.

Arkansas, Large Cities in

Arkansas, Population of

Arkansas State Officers

Arkansas, Vote of

Armament. Fighting Ships

Armenia

Armenia and United States

Armenian Mediation and President

Armies, World

Armour & Co., Finances

Armour Square Park, Chicago

Army. Chicago Headquarters

Army, Commissioned Strength

Army and Corps Areas, U. S 591,

Army, Insignia

Army and Navy Legion of Valor

Army and Navy Union of U. S. A

Army Nurses of Civil War

Army Officers Honored by Congress

Army Officers' Insignia

Army, Organization, United States

Army Pay Table

Army Posts. United States 591

Army, Strength

Army, United States 590

Army, U. S.. Increase of Pay 199,

Army, United States. Reorganization.. 144

Arsenals

Art Galleries, World

Art Institute, Chicago

Artisans Order of Mutual Protection

Arts and Letters, American Academy

Arts and Letters, National Institute

Asia

Asia, Population

Asiatic Association, American

Assay Offices

Assembly, Illinois

Assessment, Chicago

Assessment, Cook County

Assessors. Cook County

Assessors, Vote for

Associated Jewish Charities, Chicago

Associated Press (1920-21)

Association Canade-Americain

Associations. General

Astronomical Society, American

Astronomical Society. Chicago

Asylums. Chicago

Asylums, Insane in

Athletic Records, World

Athletics

Atlanta, Ga., Population <349,

Atlantic Ocean. First Crossings

808
426
842
528
808
575
665
557
723
646
723
723
724
679
646
724
724
602
555
380
688
601
978
881
913
599
913
612
532
532
532
619
613
596
600
-596
600
-601
200
-172
214

68
907
525
519
529
555
645
528
389
800
876
877
842
789
796

85
525
529
528
867
889
669
455
452
651
409

Atlantic Voyages, Fastest 100

Attar of Roses in Bulgaria 73

Attorney-General, Cook County Vote 790

Attorney, United States District, Chicago. 798

Attorneys, United States District 512

Auburn Park. Chicago 884

Auditor. State, Cook County Vote 790

Audubon Society, Illinois 867

Austin Woman's Club, Chicago 808

Australia, Commonwealth 549

Austria. New President in 721

Austria, Republic. Government 550

Austrians in United States 658-662

Automobile-Train Collisions 495

Aviation. Military 206

Azerbayan 555

Ballooning 465

Band Association, Chicago 876

Baltimore, Md., Population 649. 650/651

Bank Clearings, Chicago 926

Bank Deposits 300

Bank Deposits, Chicago 926

Bank Failures, Chicago 895

Bank Failures, North Dakota 655

Bank Loans, Chicago 926

Bank Notes 299

Bankers' Association, American 529

Bankers' Club, Chicago 808

Banking Business, Foreign 105. 108

Banking Law Revision, Vote on 791

Banking Power, United States 298

Banking Statistics 298

Banks, Chicago 923-926

Banks, Cook County 923-926

Banks. Federal Land 299

Banks, Federal Reserve 299

Banks, Largest Capital 300

Banks, Mutual Savings 300

Banks, National 298

Banks, Savings 300

Banks, Savings, Foreign 301. 302

Banks. Statistics 299-302

Banks, Stock Savings 300

Baptist Church 539

Bar Association, American 528

Bar Association, Chicago 867

Barley Crop, by Countries 262

Barley Crop, by States 265

Barley, Trade in 270

Barnard Park, Amy L 884

Barrington, Vote of 784

Baseball (1920) 419

Baseball. College 424

Baseball, Longest Games 425

Baseball, No-Hit Games 426

Baseball War Averted 560

Baseball, World Series 420

Basket Ball 433

Bathing Beaches, Chicago 883

Battle Ships. United States 603

Beans, Crop, by Countries 263

Beans, Crop, by States 267

Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity 526

Beef Packing, Chicago, by Years 820

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1021.

Beet Sugar Production, United States

Belgian-Dutch Treaty

Belgian Kongo. Government of

Belgians in United States 658,

Belgium, Government

Benevolent Societies

Ben-Hur, Tribe of, Order 522,

Bequests ( 1920)

Berg-er, Victor L., Excluded from Congress

Bernard A. Eckhart Park, Chicago

Berwyn, Vote of

Bessemer Park, Chicago

Beverages, Tax

Bible Society, American

Bicycle Racing-

Billiards

Bills Failed of Passage

Biological Chemists, American Society

Birmingham, Ala., Population 649,

Birth Rates, American

Blind and Deaf, Schools for, Statistics . .

Blind in Other Countries

Blind Population, United States

Bloom, Vote of

Board of Education, Chicago

Board of Trade, Chicago

Boat Races. See Rowing

Bohemian Charitable Association

Boiler Inspection Department, Chicago

Bokhara

Bolivia. Government of

Bomb Explosion in Wall Street

Boston. Mass., Population 649, 650,

Botanical Society of America

Boulevards, Chicago

Bowling ,

Boxing. See Pugilism

Brazil. Government of

Bremen, Vote of

Bridge, Largest Bascule

Bridge System, Chicago

Bridgeport, Conn., Population 649,

Bridges, Chicago

Brightest Stars

British American Club, Chicago

British Foreign Trade

British Imperial Antarctic Expedition....

Broadview Hospital 204.

Broom Corn, Crop

Brotherhood of American Yeomen

Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, En-

gine aien

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

Bryan, W. J., on Peace Treaty

Buck Privates Society, A. E. F

Buck's Stove Co. Boycott Case

Buckwheat Crop, by States

Buffalo. N. Y., Population 649, 650,

Builders Club, Chicago

Building and Loan Associations

Building Statistics, Chicago

Buildings, Department of, Chicago

Buildings, Notable, Chicago

Buildings, Notable. N. Y

Bulgaria, Government. .

Bulgarians in United States 658.

275 I Burial in National Cemeteries

644 ; Burial Places of Presidents

556 , Burnham Library, Art Institute

662 ! Bushel Weights

550 . Business Houses, Old, Chicago

520 | Butte, Mont., Population

527 Butter, Trade in

495 i

384 C

882]cable Rates

784

881

Cabinet, Presidential

Cabinet, Presidential, Changes in

Cabinets of Presidents 212.

541 Cables, World's

436 ' Caillaux, Joseph, Conviction...

433
105
529
651

488
254

896
864
443
796
858
555
557
572
651
529
880
430
437
557
785
364
866
651
364

36
808

64
575
205
266
526

526
526
694
533
547
264
651
808
301
843
857
952
956
550

Calendar (1922-1925)

Calendar, Ready Reference

Calendars, Various

California Counties, Population..

California-Japanese Question

California, Large Cities in

California, Number Japanese in..,

California, Population of

California State Officers

California, Vote of

Calumet Country Club, Chicago..

Calumet Park, Chicago

Calumet, Vote of.

Cambridge, Mass., Population 649,

Camden, Mass., Population 649,

Campaign Expenses, National

Campbell, A. C., Aviator, Killed

Campbell Park, Chicago

Canada, Government of

Canada. National Wealth

Canadian Club, Chicago

Canadians in the United States 658.

Canal, New Orleans

Canal, Panama 306,

Canal, Sault Ste. Marie

Canal, Suez

Canals, Ship

Canoeing

Canonization of Joan of Arc

Canvassing Board, Illinois

Capitals of States

Capitol in Washington

Cardinals, College of

Carnegie Estate, Value

Carnegie Foundation for Teaching

Casino Club. Chicago

Casualties, American, in War

Casualties, War

Casualty Insurance, United States

Catholic Church

Catholic Knights of America

Catholic Knights of Ohio

Catholic Mutual Ben. Assoc. of Canada..

Catholic Order of Foresters

Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion....

Cattle, on Farms

Cattle, by States.

Cavell, Edith, Betrayer Sentenced.

Caxton Club, Chicago

Cemeteries, Chicago

Census United States Population, 1920...

205
56

938

970

680

272

624
504
394
213
288
93
31
32
24
724
643
679
643
646
725
724
808
881
785
651
651
711
623
882
549
40
808
662
320
307
307
307
307
446
379
836
644
64
535
644
906
808
355
323
246
535
526
526
526
526
526
268
270
320
808
824
646

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1021.

Centenarians in United States ..........

Centennial Building- Commission .........

Center of Population .....................

Central American States ..................

Chafin. Eugene W.. Death ................

Character, Committees on. Illinois .......

Charitable Institutions, Cook County....

Charities. Payments, by States (1919)....

Charities. United. Chicago ................

Charity Organizations. Chicago ............

Chart of the Heavens .....................

Cheese. Trade in ..........................

Chemical Society. American .............

Chevrons. Service .................... 613.

Chevrons, Wound .................... 613,

Chewing 1 Gum. Trade in ..................

Chicago. Aldermen ......................

Chicago Appropriations, 1920 ............

Chicago Architectural Club. Chicago .....

Chicago Athletic Association ..............

Chicago Automobile Club .................

Chicago Bridge System ...................

Chicago Cemeteries ........................

Chicago Church Federation ...............

Chicago City Clerks ......................

Chicago City Council .....................

Chicago City Council (1900-1920) ........

Chicago Club .............................

Chicago Cluba and Clubhouses ...........

Chicago College Club ....................

Chicago Culture Club ....................

Chicago, Distances ......................

Chicago Election Calendar .................

Chicago Election Returns (Nov. 2, 1920).
Chicago Finances (1919) .............. 862

Chicago. First Things ...................

Chicago at a Glance .....................

Chicago Golf Courses. Public ............

Chicago. Growth in Area .............. 912.

Chicago High School Colors ..............

Chicago Improvements ...................

Chicago Library Club ...................

Chicage Lincoln Club .....................

Chicago, Mint Proposed for ...............

Chicago Motor Club .................... ...

Chicago Municipal Courts ...............

Chicago. New Union Railway Station....

Chicago Norske Club ................... ..

Chicago Officials ...................... 852

Chicago Officials. Photographs ............

Chicago Officials. Terms ..................

Chicago Old Time Printers' Club ..........

Chicago Outer Harbor .....................

Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Finances...
Chicago Points of Interest ...............

Chicago Polo Club .......................

Chicago Population .......................

Chicago. Progress Since 1850 .............

Chicago Public Baths ....................

Chicago Public Library ..................

Chicago River Swim ...................

Chicago Street Railway Earnings
Chicago Suburbs ..........................

Chicago Theaters

Chicago Tunnels

Chicago Weather

Chicago Woman's Club ..................

Chicago Woman's Aid Club ...............

Chicago and the World War .............

Chicago Yacht Club .......................

Chicle. Trade in

Child Labor Committee, National .........

Child Labor. Tax ..........................

Children's Science Library ................

Chile. Government of .....................

China, Government of ...................

China United States Court for ..........

Chinese in United States ( 1910 ) .........

Christensen. P. P., Photograph ..........

Christian Endeavor. United Society of..
Christian Science Church ................

Chronological Cycles ......................

Chronology. Recent Wars ............. ...

Chronology, World War
Church Calendar

489
836
652
558
636
833
847
475
796
796

33
272
528
617
617

99
853
861
808
808
808
866
824
791
824
853
801
808
808
808
808
916
765
775
-864
966
799
430
913
810
887

671
808
845
868
808
-854
852
845
808
919
978
916
08
807
810
816
934
448
816
914
905
8

919
808
808
917
808

1
530

85
940
557
555
510
654
695
541
540

23
364

Church Membership 544-546

Churches, by Denominations 635-542

Churches, United States, Statistics 542-544

Cicero, Vote of 784

Cincinnati, O., Population 649, 650. 651

Circuit Clerks, Illinois 837

Circuit Court Clerk, Vote for '. 789

Circuit Court. Cook County , . 844

Circuit Court Judges, United States 510

Circuit Court Judges, Vote for 790

Circuit Court of Appeals 510 845

Circulation. The Daily News 983

Cities, American, Elevation of 683

Cities, American, Population (1920)., 649 672

Cities, American, Statistics (1918) ' 477

Cities, Large, by States 679-681

Cities, Largest in World 681 682

Cities, U. S., in Alphabetic Order 672-679

Cities, U. S. (all sizes). Population... 672-679

Cities, U. S., Decennial Increase 651

Cities. U. S.. Growth Since 1790 649 650

Cities, Population 649-652

Cities, United States, Large, by Rank... 649

Citizens' Association of Chicago 918

Citizenship in United States 88, 89

Citizenship of Foreign Born 656

City Architect 858

City Attorney, Chicago 855

City Attorneys. Chicago 918

City Clerk, Chicago 854

City Club 808

City Collector. Chicago 854

City Comptroller, Chicago 854

City Council, Chicago 853

City Council. Chicago (1900-19-20) 801

City Employes, Chicago, Salaries 859

City Engineer, Chicago 855

City Officials. Chicago 852-858

City Officials. Chicago. Salaries 859

City Treasurer. Chicago 854

Civic Association, American 529

Civic Federation 918

Civic Federation, National 530

Civil Engineers, American Society 529

Civil Service Commission, Cook County. . . 842

Civil Service Commission, Illinois 836

Civil Service Commission, United States. . 509

Civil Service Commissioners. Chicago 858

Civil Service, Illinois 836

Civil Service Reform Association, Chicago 968

Claims, United States Court of 510

Classical Assoc.. Middle West and South.. 529

Classical League 529

Clearing House Association, Chicago 926

Clerk, County Court 841

Cliff Dwellers' Club 808

Cleveland. O.. Population 649, 650, 651

Climatological and Clinical Assoc., Amer. 528

Climatology, United States 584

Clinical Congress of Surgeons 529

Clover Seed Crop, by States 265

Clubs and Clubhouses, Chicago 808

Coal Production, by States 259. 260

Coal Production, by Years 260

Coast Artillery Districts 591

Coast Guard. United States 44

Coast Line of United States 52

Coffee Consumed, United States 311

Coffee. Trade in 271

Coinage Mint for Chicago 671

Coins, Foreign. Value in United States... 52

Coins. United States 303. 304

Colby, Bainbridge, Secretary of State 395

Colby. Bainbridge. Note on Oil Question. 6HO

Coldest Days. Chicago 919

College Baseball 424

College Club. Chicago 808

College of Surgeons, American 528

Colleges. American 247-253

Colleges. United States Statistics 254

Colombia. Government of 557

Colonial Club, Chicago 808

Colonial Club, Oak Park 808

Colonial Wars. Society 533

Color, Population by 654

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Colorado Counties. Population 725

Colorado. Large Cities in 679

Colorado. Population 646

Colorado State Officers 726

Slorado, Vote of 725
lumbia Yacht Club, Chicago 808

Columbian Circle. Order 526

Columbian Woodmen. Eminent Household 526

Columbian Woodmen of Mississippi 526

Columbus, O., Population 649, 651

Columbus Park. Chicago 883

Commerce, Chicago Association of 843

Commerce, Department of 507

Commerce, Department of. Chicago 798

Commerce. Department of, Illinois 835

Commercial Club, Chicago 808

Commercial Law League of America . . . 529

Commissioners. Cook County 841

Common School Statistics, by Years 255

Commonwealth Edison Company, Finances 978

Communist Manifesto 383

Communist Plot to Wreck I. C. Train 385

Communists in Chicago 383

Communists, Proceedings Against 383

Community Centers, Chicago 875

Community Centers, Salaries 902

Community Service. Chicago 928

Compensation. Bureau of, Chicago 856

Comptroller, Cook County 841

Conciliation, Mediation. Federal Board... 509

Confederate Soldiers' Homes 620

Confederate Veterans, United 532

Conference at Spa 635

Congregational Churches 538

Congress, Committees of 66th 716

Congress Criticized by President 105

Congress, Library of 418

Congress, Party Lines in 721

Congress, Second Woman Elected to 684

Congress, 66th, Members 712-716

Congress, 66th. 2d Session, Work of 104

Congress. 67th. Members 717

Congressional Districts. See Electoral Dis-
tricts.

Congressional Districts in States 722-765

Connecticut Counties. Population 726

Connecticut. Large Cities in 679

Connecticut. Population of 646

Connecticut, State Officers 726

Connecticut. Vote of 726

Constantine, King-, Recalled to Greece . . . 643

Constellations 36

Constitution. Suffrage Amendment 386

Constitution. United States 312

Constitutional Convention Adjourns 721

Constitutional Convention, Illinois 825

Constitutional Convention. HI., Delegates.. 825

Consular Service, United States 515

Consuls and Consulates. Chicago 797

Consumers Company, Finances 978

Consumption of Staple Foods, U. Kingdom 409

Conventions, Illinois State, Party 815

Conventions, National Political 217-229

Convicts in United States 671

Cook County Appropriations 848

Cook County Board of Assessors 842

Cook County Board of Review 842

Cook County Charitable Institutions 847

Cook County Civil Service 842

Cook County Committees 803

Cook County Congressional Districts, Map 818

Cook County Courts 844

Cook County Democratic Committee 803

Cook County Election Calendar 765

Cook Co. Elect. Returns (Nov. 2, 1920) . 775
Cook County Employes, Number 848

gook County Finances 849-851
ook County Forest Preserves 866

Cook County Hospital 842

Cook County Jury Commission 842

Cook County Officials 841, 842

Cook County Primary (Sept. 15) 791

Cook County Officials, Salaries 846

Cook County Officials. Terms 845

Cook County, Population (1910-20) . .806, 807

Cook County Republican Committee 803

Cook County Senatorial Districts, Map. . . 821

Cook County Sheriffs 875

Cook County Social Service Bureau 842

Cook County State's Attorneys 919

Cook County Superintendent of Schools. 842
Coolidge, Calvin, Photograph and Sketch. 692

Coolidge for Reconstruction 703

Corn Crop, by Countries 262

Corn Crop, by States 263

Corn, Price. Chicago 878

Corn. Trade in 270

Cornell Square Park. Chicago 881

Coroner, Cook County 843

Coroner, Vote for 789

Corporate Income Tax Returns 102

Corporation Counsel. Chicago 855

Corporation Incomes. Effect of War on ... <55

Corporation Taxes 77

Corporations, Chicago, Finances... 978

Cost of Internal Revenue Service. 418

Cost of Living- Statistics 585589

Costa Rica, Government of 558

Cotton Crop, by Countries 263

Cotton Crop, by States 266

Cotton Statistics, United States 274

Cotton, Trade in 271

Cottonseed Oil. Trade in 271

Council of Defense, Illinois 90 ,

County Agent's Office 842

County Clerks. Illinois 837

County (Cook) Agent's Office 842

County (Cook) Architect 842

County (Cook) Clerk's Office 841

County (Cook) Commissioners 841

County (Cook) Comptroller 841

County (Cook) Court 844:

County (Cook) Court. Clerk 841

County (Cook) Courts. Directory 843

County (Cook) Directory 843

County (Cook) Institutions 842

County (Cook) Officials 841

County (Cook) Officials, Photographs... 840

County (Cook) Physician 842

County (Cook) Recorders Office 841

County (Cook) Sheriffs 875

County (Cook) Surveyor 842

County (Cook) Treasurer's Office 8

County Court Judge, Vote for 787

County Hospital, Cook 8

County Officers, Illinois 837

County Sheriffs, Illinois 8

Court for China, United States 510

Court of Claims : >

Court of Claims. Illinois 8

Court of Honor. Order ->26

Court, Industrial ?

Court of International Justice o63

Court Tennis 4 35

Courts-Martial Io9-16

Cox Against Separate Peace 704

Cox, James M.. Photograph 69J

Cox on Railroad Problem 708

Cox on Treaty Reservations 706

Cox on War Taxes 70?

Cox's Acceptance Speech 703 'Ili

Cranberry Crop, by States 266

Crerar Library, The John H

Crescent Park, Chicago 84

Crime Commission

Criminal Court, Cook County 8

Criminal Law, Criminology. Amer. Inst. 528

Criminals in Prisons J> / 1

Crop Values. Rank of States 267, 2

Crop Values, by Years 267 268. 269

Crops. See also Agricultural Products.

Crops (1920) ...- 2/2

Crops by Countries 262. 263

Crops on Irrigated Farms

Crops by States 263 "sSI

Crops, Value Per Acre 7*

Crude Steel Production |<l

Cruisers. United States 603. 604

Cuba, Government of 8

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Cubic Foot. Weights Per 96

Cudahy Packing Company, Finances 978

Culture Club. Chicago 808

Cummins-Escn Bill Ill

Curling- 451

Custer State Park Game Sanctuary 206

Custodian. Cook County Buildingr 843

Custom House. Chicag-o 798

Customs Appeals, Court of 510

Customs Duties. United States 289-294

Cycles. Chronological 23

Cycling- 462

Czecho-Slovakia, Government 551

Dallas, Tex., Population 649, 651

Dams. Largest 391

Danes in United States 658, 663

D'Annunzio and Fiume 684

Daughters American Revolution. Natl. Soc. 533

Daughters of G. A. R 531

Dauphin Park, Chicago 884

Davis Cup (Tennis) 434

Davis Square Park, Chicag-o 881

Daylight Saving. Vote on 790

Days of Grace 55

Dayton. O., Population 649. 651

Deaf, Blind. Schools for 254, 255

Deaf and Dumb, U. S 670

Death Rates, American, 488

Death Rates. Foreign 488

Death Roll (1920) 496

Death Roll, Chicago 940

Deaths by Accident 493

Deaths of Noted Men and Women (1890-

1920) 402

Debs, Eugene V., Photograph 694

Debs, Eugene V.. Prison Sentence 664

Debts, National 308, 309

Debts of American Cities 481

Debts of States 476

Declaration of Independence 317

Decorations for Valor, U- S 613-617

Defective Paupers 667

Degree of Honor, Grand Lodge of Kansas 526

Degree of Honor Protective Assoc 526

Degrees, Abbreviations of 66

Delaware Counties. Population 726

Delaware. Population of 646

Delaware State Officers 727

Delaware. Vote of 726

Delinquents, Juvenile 671

Democratic Campaign Expenses 77

Democratic Committee, Cook County 803

Democratic League of Clubs, Natl 503

Democratic National Committee 501

Democratic State Committee, Illinois 802

Democrats Oppose Military Training 601

Denmark Gets Schleswig Back 684

Denmark, Government 551

Dental Association, National 529

Denver. Col., Population 649. 651

Deportation of Aliens 474

Deportation of Undesirable Aliens 201

Dermatological Association, American ... 528

Deschanel, Paul, President of France 387

Deschanel, Paul, Pres. of France, resigns. 388

Des Moines, la.. Population 649. 651

Destroyers. U. S /604, 605

Detroit. Mich.. Population (349. 651

Dialect Society, American 528

Diamonds. Most Famous 56

Diamonds. Weights of 56

Dickinson Park. Chicago 884

Difference in Time 43

Diplomatic Service, U. S 514

Disasters, Mining, Recent 483

Disasters to Shipping .' 288

Dispensaries, Chicago 890

Distances Between American Cities 94

Distances Between Great Seaports 94. 95

District Attorneys, U. S 512

District of Columbia, Population of 646

District Court, U. S., at Chicago 845

District Courts, U. S.. Judges 511

Division Table 47

Divorce, Cause for, by States 485

Divorce Statistics, U. S 483

Dominican Republic 558

Douglas Monument Park, Chicago 884

Douglas Park. Chicago 882

Drago Doctrine 86

Drama League. Chicago 808

Dumb and Deaf in U. S 670

Dutch-Belgian Treaty 644

Dutch East Indies 555

Dutch in the United States 658. 662

Duties on Imports 283

Duties. U. S. Customs 289-294

Dvorak Park. Chicago 882

Dwellings, Families, in U. S 666

Eagles, Order of 523

Earthquakes 93

Earthquakes, Mexico 38

Earthquakes, Pacific Coast 807

East End Park. Chicago 884

Easter Sunday Dates 653

Eastern Star 521

Eckhardt, Bernard A.. Park. Chicago ... 882
Eclectic Medical Association, National . . . 529

Eclipses 38

Economic Association, American 528

Ecuador, Government of 557

Edgewater Country Club, Chicago 808

Education Association, National 529

Education, Department of, Illinois 835

Education in U. S., Statistics 253. 254, 255

Education in U. S.. Gifts and Bequests... 255

Education in U. S., Gifts by Years 255

Education, Vocational 509

Efficiency, U. S.. Bureau 509

Egypt. Government of 556

Election Calendar, Chicago, Cook County. 765

Election Calendar, General 578

Election Commissioners. Chicago 858

Election Laws Commission, Illinois 837

Election Returns Begin 722

Elections, Germany 634

Elections for Mayor, Chicago .. 767

Electoral College 216

Electoral Districts, Illinois, Map 817

Electoral Districts, Illinois 819, 820

Electoral Vote by States 721

Electric Club. Chicago 808

Electric Railways 305, 306

Electrical Engineers, American Institute. 528

Electrical Units defined 51

Electricity Department, Chicago 856

Electrification of Swiss Railroads 286

Electrotherapeutic Association. American. 528

Elevated Railroad Stations. Chicago 870

Elevation of American Cities 683

Elevation of Chicago and Lake Michigan. 879

Elk Grove. Vote of 785

Elks Club. Chicago . . 808

Elks. Order of 522

Ellis Park, Chicago 884

Embassies. Foreign, in U. S 518

Ember days 23

Emigration Statistics 472-474

Employes. Chicago, Salaries 859

Employes, Cook County. Number of 848

Employes, Cook County, Salaries 846

Engineer. United States. Chicago 798

Engineers, American Association 867

Engineers. Western Society 867

Englewood Woman's Club, Chicago 808

English in United States 658. 662

Episcopal Church 537

Equinox. Vernal 35

Equitable Fraternal Union 526

Eras of Time 23

Eruptions P3

Esch-Cummins Bill , . Ill

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Estate Tax 79

Esthonia, Government of 551

Eugenie, Ex-Empress, Death 418

Europe, Population , 645

Europe. Western, (1920). Map 569

Evanston Country Club 808

Evanston Public Library 938

Evanston, Vote of 785

Events of 1920 493-495

Examiners, Boards of, Chicago 857

Excess Profits Tax 78

Exchang-e Rates, Foreign. (1919, 1920).. 621

Excise, Tax 81

Exclusion and Explusion of Anarchists. 191, 1

Executions in Cook County 922

Expectation of Life. Tables 59, 60

Expenditure, U. S. Postal 642

Expenditures, National 308, 309. 318

Exports. Agricultural 272

Exports, Agricultural, by Years 272

Exports, Chicago 869

Exports, by Continents 271

Exports, by Countries 284, 285

Exports, by Lake Ports 285

Exports of Merchandise 278-281

Exports. Summary 281

Exports. Value 282, 283

Failures. Bank, in North Dakota 655

Failures in United States 631

Fall River, Mass., Population 649, 651

Families in United States 066

Family Altar League 541

Farm Animals, Value, by Years 270

Farm Census, United States 273

Farm Crops, by Years. Value 269

Farm Labor. Wages, by States 276

Farm Land. Value 273

Farm Loan Act, Federal, Amended 406

Farm Products, Value, by Years 272

Farm Value of Crops, Average 269

Farm Wages Since 1869 276

Farmer-Labor National Committee 503

Farmer-Labor State Committee, Illinois. . . 803

Farmers, by Classes 274

Farmers, by States 273, 274

Farmers' Institutes. Illinois 836

Farms, Illinois 847

Farms. United States (1920) 471

Fast Railroad Runs 46

Federal Control of Railroads. See Trans-
portation Act (19-20) Ill

Federal Control of Wheat Ended 547

Federal Council of Churches 540

Federal Farm Loan Act, Amended 406

Federal Judiciary 510

Federal Reserve Bank Districts... 574

Federal Reserve Board 574

Federal Reserve Cities 574

Federal Revenue Law of 1918 74

Federal Trade Commission 509

Federal Water Power Act 192-199

Federation of Labor, Chicago 872

Federation of Settlements, Chicago 869

Feeble-Minded in Institutions 670

Feeble-Minded, Schools for. Statistics 254

Fernwood Park, Chicago 834

Field Museum 886

Field Museum, Library 938

Fifty Ward Act, Vote on 790

Finance, Dept. of, Illinois 833

Finance, Statistics 295-302

Finances, Chicago Corporations 978-982

Finances, Cook County 849-857

Financial Statistics of States 475

Finland, Government of 551

Fire and Marine Insurance, U. S fi'46

Fire Department, Chicago 858

Fire Department Chiefs. Chicago 922

Fire Department Finance, Chicago 920

Fire Department Stations, Chicago 921

Fire Losses , . 493

Fire Losses, by Years, U. S 246

Fire Prevention Bureau, Chicago. . .

Fire Statistics, Chicago ' 900

Fire Underwriters' Association Library.!'. 940
Firemen, Surviving Volunteer. . 79*

Firemen, Veterans from 1871.. " 798

First Catholic Slovak Ladies' Union".'
First Catholic Slovak Union. fio

First Things in Chicago

Fiume Controversy CA

Flag Display Days, Chicago . . ' 4

Flag of United States ,

Flag. When and How to Use ..

Flaxseed Crop, by Counties .. ' ?RQ

Flaxseed Crop, by States

Floods .'..'.'."' 494

Florida Counties. Population. ... ' 727

Florida. Large Cities in " 679

Florida. Population of . . , " 646

Florida State Officers

Florida, Vote of * 727

Flower Symbols of Months. ... 58

Flowers, State 53

Fly and Bait Casting '.'.'.','. '.', 405

Folklore Society, American 528

Food Prices 585-589

Foods, Staple. Consumption of in United

Kingdom , 409

Football (1920) '...'.'.'.'. 467

Foreign Banking Business 1 05

Foreign Born. Citizenship of ,. 656

Foreign Born Insane \. 669

Foreign Born Population 656, 658-663

Foreign Born, Mother Tongue , . 663

Foreign Born Paupers 607

Foreign Born, Percentage 662

Foreign Coins', Value in U. S 52

Foreign Embassies, Legations in U. S 518

Foreign Exchange Rates (1919-1920) 621

Foreign Governments 548-560

Foreign Orders Conferred on Chicagoans.. 911

Foreign Postal Rates 471

Foreign Standards of Time 43

Foreign Trade, American .. 407

Foreign Trade. America's (1919) .. 409

Foreign Wars of U. S.. Order 534

Forest Park Library 940

Forest Preserve, Cook County 866

Forest Preserves, Map , 865

Foresters, Catholic Order of 526

Foresters. United Order of. 521

Fort Worth. Tex., Population 649', 651

Forty Club, Chicago 808

France, Government of 551

France, Presidential Elections 387

Franklin Park, Chicago 882

Fraternal Aid Unions ,. 26

Fraternal Brotherhood 526

Fraternal Congress of America 524

Fraternal Life Insurance 246

Fraternal Mystic Circle 626

Fraternal Order of Eagles.. 526

Fraternal Reserve Association 520

Fraternal Societies 520

Free List, United States Customs 292, 293

French Academy, Members 389

French in United States 058. 662

Fuller Park, Chicago 881

Gage Farm Park, Chicago

Gage Park, Chicago

Game Sanctuary, Custer State Park

Game Sanctuary. Louisiana

Garfleld Park, Chicago

Garnishment Law, Illinois

Garrett Biblical Institute Library

Gary Law Library

Gas and Electricity Department, Chicago.

Gem Symbols of Months

General, Rank of, U. S

Geographical Society, Chicago ,

Geographical Society, American

884
881
206
589
882
895
940
938
856
58
620
867
528

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

Geographical Society, National 529

Geological Society of America 529

Georgia (Asia) 556

Georgia Counties. Population 727

Georgia. Population of 646

Georgia State Officers 729

Georgia. Vote of 727

German Beneficial Union 526

German Club of Chicago. See American
Unity.

German National Colors 608

German Peace Treaty Not Ratified 371

German Peace Treaty. U. S. Senate on... 367

German Warships Allocated to U. S 605

Germans in United States 658 662

Germany. Development in 1920 632

Germany, Government of 551

Gifts and Bequests to Education 255

Gifts. Bequests (1920) 495

Gold Certificates. Legal Tender 206

Gold Coinage, by Nations 295. 296

Gold Coinage. U. S. ..- 296

Gold Coinage. World 296

Gold, Exports. Imports 283

Gold, Fineness of 56

Gold. Holdings. Foreign Banks 302

Gold. Silver. Stocks in U. S 296

Gold. Silver. U. S 295

Gold. Silver. U. S. Product 297

Gold. Silver. World Production (1918).. 295

Golden Seal Assurance Society 526

Golf Championships 427

Golf Officials (1920) 430

Golf. Public Courses. Chicago 430

Good Templars Order 523

Government Employes. Annuities 188-191

Government Officials 505

Government Officials, Chicago 798

Government Printing Office 509

Governor. Vote for, Chicago and Cook Co. 787

Governors. Salaries of 644

Governors of States 644

Governors. Terms of 644

Gowdy Square Park. Chicago 880

Grace. Days of 55

Grain Elevators, Chicago 892

Grain Statistics. Chicago 878

Grand Army of the Republic 530

Grand Army of Republic. Daughters 531

Grand Army of Republic, Illinois Dept. . 972

Grand Army Republic. Ladies 532

Grand Crossing Park. Chicago 881

Grand Fraternity 526

Grand Lodges. A. F. of A. M 520

Grand Rapids. Mich.. Population 649. 651

Grant Park. Chicago 880

Grant Park Bonds. Vote on 772

Great Britain. Government of 548

Great Lakes, Area. Depth 57

Great Ocean Steamships 100

Greece. Government of 552

Greece. Royalists Win 643

Greek Church Calendar 24

Grey. Lord. Letter on U. S. and League. . 365

Gross Park, Chicago 884

Guam 560

Guam. Population of 648

Guatemala. Government of 558

Guatemala. Revolution 406

Haiti. Government of 558

Hall of Fame, American 578

Hamilton Club, Chicago 808

Hamilton Park. Chicago 881

Hamlin Park, Chicago . 880

Hammond Library 94

Hainisch. Dr.. M. D., President of Austria 721

Hanover Vote of 785

Harding Acceptance Speech 697-703

Harding, Tenets of Political Belief 701

Harding-. W. G., Address to Senate 687

Harding, W. G., Photograph and Sketch.. 692

Hartford, Conn.. Population .......... 649,

Harvard Club, Chicago ..................

Hardin Square Park, Chicago ............

Harrison Park, Chicago ..................

Harvard-Yale Boat Race ..................

Harvest Moon ............................

Hat Cords, United Statas Army ..........

Hawaii, Government of ..................

Hawaii, Number Japanese in ..............

Hawaii. Population of ....................

Hay Crop (Tame) by Siates .............

Haymarket Riot .........................

Haymarket Veterans ......................

Health, Department of. Chicago .........

Health Insurance Commission. Illinois ----

Heavens, Chart of ........................

Hebrew Calendar ........................

Hedjaz ...................................

Height Famous Structures ................

Heights and Weights of Adults ........ ...

Heights and Weights of Children ..........

Help for Widows and Dependents of
Regulars ..............................

Heralds of Liberty ........................

Hibernians, Order of .....................

High Mountains in United States ........

High School Colors, Chicago ..............

High Schools, Statistics ...................

Highest Mountains in World ..............

Highest Point in Each State and Territory
Highest Points in World ..................

Highways. Payments, by States (1919) . .
Historical Association, American ..........

Historical Data of States and Territories.
Historical Events, Recent .................

Historical Society, Chicago ...............

Historical Society Library, Chicago .......

Historical Society, National ..............

Holden Park, Chicago .....................

Holidays in United States ................

Holidays, National .......................

Holland-Belgium Treaty ..................

Holstein Park, Chicago .................

Home Rule Bill, Irish .....................

Homeopathy, American Institute .........

Homes for Indigent, Chicago .............

Homes for Soldiers ......................

Homes in the United States ...............

Homestead Laws of United States .......

Homestead Rights for Soldiers ............

Homesteaders, Order .....................

Honduras, Government of ................

HOPS Crop, by Countries ..................

Hops Crop, by States ....................

Hops, Trade in ...........................

Horse Racing ...........................

Horses, on Farms .......................

Horses. Mules, Export ....................

Horses, by States ...........................

Hospital, Marine, Chicago .................

Hospitals, Chicago .......................

Hotels, Chicago ........................

Hottest Days, Chicago ...................

Hours of Work. Union. United States.. 63,
House of Correction, Chicago ............

House Number System. Chicago ...........

House of Representatives. Committees....

House of Representatives, U. S ....... 71J.

Houston, Tex., Population ............ 649,

Howells. William Dean. Death of ..........

Humane Association, American ...........

Humboldt Park. Chicago .............

Hungarians in United States .......... 658.

Hungary .................................

Hunters' Moon ............................

Hydrographic Office, Chicago .............

Ice Skating .............................

Iceland. Government of ..................

Idaho Counties, Population .............

Idaho. Population of ....................

651

808

881

882

443

613

560

643

648

267

982

857

836

556

309

205
5-26
522
57
810
254
57
57
57
475
528
216
399
867
938
529
884
397
398
644
882
626
528
889
620
666
214
204
526
558
263
266
271
438
.268
270
270
798
890
913
919
871
857
871
716
718
651
210
529
882
662
552
34
798

499

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Idaho State Officers 729

Idaho. Vote of 729

Illinois Assembly 800

Illinois Athletic Club. Chicago 808

Illinois Casualties, World War 357

Illinois Central Station, New 88?

Illinois Civil Administrative Code ...820-831

Illinois Civil List 833-830

Illinois Constitutional Convention 825

Illinois Const. Convention Adjourns 721

Illinois Const. Convention Delegates 825

Illinois Counties. Population 729

Illinois 'Electoral Districts 819, 820

Illinois, Government of 826

Illinois Governors 831

Illinois Governors, Vote for 766

Illinois Hard Roads Plan 580

Illinois, Large Cities in 679

Illinois Legislative Vote 773

Illinois Motor Vehicle Regulations 811-814

Illinois Officials. Photographs 832

Illinois Officials, Terms 845

Illinois. Popular Vote of 766

Illinois. Population of 646

Illinois, Population by Counties 804-806

Illinois Presidential Preferential Primary 768

Illinois Primary Election, Sept. 15 769

Illinois Primary Law Unconstitutional. . . 820

Illinois Property Assessment 864

Illinois Railroad Rates Increased 801

Illinois Representatives 800 801

Illinois Senate 800

Illinois Senatorial Apportionment. Map . . 822

Illinois Senatorial Districts 823. 824

Illinois State Central Committee 802. 803

Illinois State Officials 833-836

Illinois State Party Conventions 815

Illinois State Treasurers. Vote 766

Illinois, University, Officers and Trustees. 833

Illinois. Vote of 729

Illinois in World War 381

Illiteracy in United States, Statistics 668

Immigration Bureau. Chicago 798

Immigration Law 91. 92

Immigration Statistics 472-474

Impeachment Cases. U. S 258

Imports by Continents 281

Imports by Countries 284, 285

Imports. Duties on 283

Imports and Exports, Chicago 869

Imports by Lake Ports 285

Imports of Merchandise 277. 278

Imports. Summary 281

Imports. Value 282. 283

Improvement Associations, Chicago 809

Income, Personal (1917) 103

Income Returns. Net Personal (1918) by

Years 642

Income Returns. Personal (1918), by

Classes 642

Income Tax 74

Income Tax Returns, Personal (1918).

Statistics 637

Income Tax Statistics (1917) 101, 102

Income Tax. by Years 417

Income Tax Yield. Personal, by Years .. 642

Increase of Pay, Army, Navy, Etc 199, 200

Increase of the Navy 206

Independent Order Free Sons of Israel . . 526

Independent Order of Foresters 526

Independent Workmen's Circle of America 526

India, Government of 548

India Rubber. Trade in 271

Indian Commissioners, Board 509

Indian Rights Association 530

Indiana Counties. Population 732

Indiana, Large Cities in 679

Indiana, Population of 646

Indiana State Officers 734

Indiana, Vote of 732

Indianapolis, Ind.. Population 649. 651

Indians in United States (1910) . .. 654

Industrial Club. Chicago 808

Industrial Court. Kansas ... 304

Industrial Courts, Great Britain 229

Industrial Survey. Illinois .. *

Industries, by Groups

Industries. Rank of ' 570

Infant Mortality 59

Infant Welfare Society ' 706

Insane in Hospitals , ' 669

Insane. Statistics

Insignia. Army Q{O

Insignia, Navy and Marines ." " 611

Inspectors. Steam Vessels. Chicago 798

Institute of Actuaries, American 5*>8

Insurance. Marine * 97

Insurance Statistics ".' ' ' 040

Insurance Tax 79

Insurance. War Risk Law, Changes. '.'.108- 111

Interior Department 507

Interest Tables 54

Internal Revenue Department, Chicago 798

Internal Revenue Receipts 413-417

Internal Revenue Receipts. Chicago. .. ,.. 950

Internal Revenue Service. Cost 418

International Communications 204

International Labor Office 689

International Harvester Co., Finances 980

International Reform Bureau 530

Interstate Commerce Commission 508

Intel-urban Trolley Lines. Chicago 906

Investment Bankers Assoc. of America . . . 530

Iowa Counties. Population 734

Iowa. Large Cities in 679

Iowa, Population of 646

Iowa State Officers 735

Iowa. Vote of . 734

Ireland, Disorders 627-627

Irish Fellowship Club, Chicago . , . 808

Irish Home Rule Bill . 626

Irish Reservation, Senate . . 370

Irish in United States 658, 662

Iroquois Club. Chicago 808

Irrigated Farms, Crops on 393

Irrigation. Crop Results 392

Irrigation Projects. Area and Cost 392

Irving- Park. Chicago 884

Italians in United States 658, 662

Italo-Jug-o Slav Pact 684

Italy, Government of 552

I. W. W.. Convictions Upheld 474

I. W. W.. Seattle Election 492

Jackson Day Letter. Wilson 693

Jackson Park. Chicago 880

Japan, Government of 556

Japanese in California 643

Japanese in Hawaii 643

Japanese in United States (1910) . .. 654

Java 556

Jefferson Park. Chicago 882

Jersey City. N. J., Population 649, 651

Jewish Calendar 24

Jewish Charities. Chicago 796

Jewish Population, World 398

Joan of Arc Canonized 379

John Crerar Library 936

Judges, County, Illinois 837

Judges, United States Circuit Court 510

Judges, United States District Courts 511

Judiciary, Federal 510

Jugo Slavia, Government of 553

Jugo Slav-Italian Pact 684

Junior League Club. Chicago 808

Jury Commission, Cook County 842

Justice, Department of 508

Juvenile Court. Cook County 844

Juvenile Delinquents 671

Kaiser Wilhelm. Holland Holds 376

Kansas City, Kas.. Population 649. 651

Kansas City. Mo. Population 649, 651

Kansas Counties, Population 735

Kansas Industrial Court Law 304

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Kansas, Large Cities in 679

Kansas, Population of 646

Kansas State Officers 736

Kansas, Vote of 735

Kedzie Park. Chicago 884

Kentucky Counties, Population 736

Kentucky. Large Cities in 679

Kentucky. Population of 646

Kentucky State Officers 737

Kentucky, Vote of 736

Kenwood Club. Chicago 808

Khiva 556

King's Daughters, Sons 541

Knights of Columbus 522, 526

Knights of Pythias 521. 526

Knights Templars 520

Knox Resolution 374

Kolchak, Atlmiral. Executed 688

Kongo, Belgian 556

Korea 556

La Societe des Artisans Canadiens-Fran-

cais 526

Labor, Department of. Illinois 834

Labor, Department of, United States 508

Labor Offices. International 689

Labrador, Government of 550

Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association.. 526

Ladies of G. A. R 532

Ladies of the Maccabees 526

Lafayette Squadron, Tablet 623

Lake Front Improvement Plan 887

Lake Mohonk Conferences 530

Lake Shore Bonds, Vote on 772

Lake Shore Playground 880

Lake Trade, Chicago 927

Lake View Park Bonds, Vote on .. 791

Lakes, Largest in United States 64

Lands, Plow, Value in United States.... 275

Lane. Franklin K., Resignation 395

Languages of the World 54

Lansing, Robert, Resignation of 394

Lard. Prices 878

Largest Lakes in United States 64

Largest Telescopes, World 210

Larkin, James, Imprisonment 385

Latvia, Government of 553

Law Department, Chicago 855

Law Examiners, Illinois 833

Law Institute. Chicago 867

Law Institute Library, Chicago 940

Law League of America, Commercial .... 529

Law Schools, Association of American . . . 529

Laws, Uniform, Illinois Commission.... 836

League of American Municipalities 530

League to Enforce Peace 534

League of Nations, Assembly, First 568

League of Nations Council Organized 561

League of Nations Covenant 565

League of Nations, Grey's Letter 365

League of Nations Home (Photograph).. 561

League of Nations, Secretary General 568

League of Nations, Signatories 568

League of Nations, Wilson Pleads for. 695. 696

League. New, Harding for 698

Leap Years 32

Learned Societies in Chicago 867

Learned Societies, United States 528

Legal Tender, Gold Certificates 206

Legations, Foreign, in United States 518

Legislative Reference Bureau, Illinois.... 836

Legislative Vote. Illinois 773

Legislatures in States, Terms . 644

Lemont, Vote of , ,. 785

Lenin Agent Arrested in Chicago 385

Lewis Institute Library 938

Leyden, Vote of . 785

Libby, M'Neill & Libby. Finances .. . 980

Liberia, Government of 556

Libraries, Chicago 934

Libraries. University. Statistics 577

Library Association, American 528

Library Association, American (Chicago) . 867

Library Club, Chicago 867, 911

Library of Congress 418

Library Extension Commission, Dlinois... 836

Library, Historical. Illinois 836

Library, Illinois State 836

Liberty Loans, Statistics 410

License Rates, Chicago 792-796

Lieutenant-Governor, Vote, Cook County. 790

Life, Expectation of 59

Life Insurance, U. S 246

Life, Negro Expectation of 60

Life Table. U. S ... 59, 60

Lighting, Street. Chicago 797

Lily Gardens Park. Chicago 885

Limitations, Statute of 55

Lincoln Memorial, Supervision of ..*..... 206

Lincoln Park, Bonds, Vote on 791

Lincoln Park Navy, Chicago 808

Lincoln Park System 880

Lincoln Park Yacht Club, Chicago 808

Lincoln Statue Presented to Britain 628

Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech 320

Linden Park. Chicago 884

Liquors, Spirits, Production 492

Liquors, Wines, Consumed 476

Literacy Test 92

Literature, Nobel Prize for 796

Literary Club, Chicago 867

Lithuania, Government of 553

Live Stock in U. S 268

Lloyd George. Lincoln Statue Address . . . 630

Lloyd's 486

Local Improvements, Boarr of, Chicago.. 856
Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life Assoc. 526

Lodge Resolution 86

Lombard Free Library 940

Long Distance Telephone Rotes 636

Longest Rivers 31

Los Angeles. Cal.. Population 649, 651

Louisiana Counties. Population 737

Louisiana Game Sanctuary 589

Louisiana; Large Cities in 679

Louisiana, Population of 646

Louisiana State Officers 738

Louisiana, Vote of 737

Louisville, Ky., Population 649, 651

Lowell, Mass., Population 649, 651

Lowest Points in World 57

Loyal American Life Association 526

Loyal Association 526

Loyal Legion of U. S.. Order 534

L'Union St. Jean Baptiste d'Amerique.... 526

L'Union St. Joseph du Canade 526

Lutheran Church 539

Lyman Trumbull Park 881

Lynchings in United States 711

Lyons, Vote of 785

Maccabees 323. 526

Madagascar, Government of..... 557

Males of Militia Age 657

Maine (Cook County), Vote of 785

Maine Counties, Population. 738

Maine, Large Cities in 679

Maine, Population of .. .. 6-16

Maine, State Officers 738

Maine, Vote of 738

Mandates, American Rights Under 690

Manufacturers, Illinois 910

Manufacturers, U. S., Statistics 570-572

Manufactures, in Cities 571

Manufactures, Persons Engaged in bb'3

Manufactures, by States 571

Maps, Bureau of, Chicago 856

Maps, Political, 1916 and 1920 693

Marine Corps, Officers 602

Marine Disasters 494

Marine Hospital, Chicago 798

Marine Insurance 97

Marital Condition, Population by 65S

Mark White Square Park. Chicago 881

Marquette Park, Chicago 880

Marriage Laws by States 486

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Marriag-e Statistics. U. S 483

Marshal. United States, Chicag-o 798

Marshals, United States 513

Maryland, (Battle Ship) Launching of... 605

Maryland Counties. Population 1 738

Maryland, Large Cities in 679

Maryland, Population of 646

Maryland. State Officials 739

Maryland, Vote of 738

Masonic Life Association 526

Masonic Mutual Life Association 526

Massachusetts Counties. Population 739

Massachusetts, Large Cities in 679

Massachusetts, Population of 646

Massachusetts State Officers 740

Massachusetts. Vote of 739

Mathematical Association of America 529

Mathematical Society. American 528

Mathesis Club. Chicago 808

Mayoralty Elections, Chicago 767

Mayors. Chicago 966

Mayors. Large Cities 631

Mayor's Office, Chicago 853

Maywood Public Library 940

McCormick, Elizabeth, Memorial Fund... 796

McCormick Zoological Gardens 866

McKinley Park. Chicago 881

Measures. Illinois 910

Mechanical Engineers. American Society. . 529

Mechanics. Junior Order 523

Medals, Honor 616

Medals. Honor. Etc.. Rules 206

Medals, for Valor. U. S 613-617

Median Lines. Population 652

Mediation. Conciliation. Federal Board... 509

Medical Association, American 528

Medical Society. Chicago 867

Medicine. American Academy of 528

Medico-Psychological Assoc.. American . . . 528
Memorial Day. American Dead in Europe. 485
Memorial Tablet, Lafayette Squadron.... 623

Memphis. Tenn., Population 649,651

Men of Militia Age 657

Men of Voting Age 656

Merchant Marine Act of 1920 172-183

Merchant Marine. U. S 287

Merrick Park. Chicago 884

Mesopotamian Oil Question 690

Message, President's, to Congress 685

Methodist Church Merger 500

Methodist Episcopal Church 536

Metric Conversion Tables 49-51

Metric System 49

Metric System, Progress of 391

Mexican Policy. Harding's 702

Mexican Service Badge 617

Mexicans in United States 658-662

Mexico. Government of 557

Mexico, Revolutionary Changes 624

Microscopical Society. American 528

Microscopical Society of Illinois 867

Mid-Day Club, Chicago 808

Midway Park. Chicago 885

Midway Plaisance. Chicago 881

Milch Cows by States 270

Milch Cows, on Farms 268

Military Aviation 206

Military Posts, U. S ." 591-596

Military Posts, U. S.. Construction Work. . 141

Military Training, Democrats Oppose 601

Militia Age. Men of (1910) 657

Millerand. Alexandre, President of France 388

Millionaires. U. S 103

Milwaukee, Wis., Population 649, 651

Michigan Counties. Population 6

Michigan, Large Cities in 6

Michigan, Population of 646

Michigan State Officers 641

Michigan. Vote of 640

Mineral Oil Trade. U. S i>S9

Mineral Products. U. S. (1918) 2o9

Mines and Minerals, Dept. of 834

Mines, Quarries. U. S 573

Mining Disasters, Recent 482

Mining Investigation Commission, HI 836

Mining and Metal Engineers. Amer. Inst.. 528

Mining on the Public Domain 134-141

Minneapolis. Minn., Population 649 651

Minnesota Counties. Population ' 741

Minnesota, Large Cities in "... ,; 680

Minnesota, Population of , 646

Minnesota State Officers ' 743

Minnesota. Vote of ' 741

Mint. U. S.. in Chicago Proposed 671

Mints, Assay Offices 389

Mississippi Counties. Population 742

Mississippi. Population of 646

Mississippi State Officers .. 743

Mississippi. Vote of 743

Missouri Counties. Population 743

Missouri. Large Cities in 680

Missouri, Population of 646

Missouri State Officers 744

Missouri, Vote of 743

j Modern Brotherhood of America 526

I Modern Order of Praetorians 526

Modern Samaritans 526

Mohammedan Calendar 24

Molasses. Louisiana 268

Money, Circulation. U. S 413

Money and Finance 295-302

Money. World 297. 298

Monroe Doctrine 86

Montana Counties. Population 744

Montana. Population of 646

Montana State Officers 745

Montana. Vote of 744

Montenegro. Government of 553

Montgomery Ward & Co.. Finances 980

Monuments, Chicago 930

Monuments. National 67, 68

Moon, Light and Dark of 35

Moon, Facts About 40

Morocco. Government of 557

Morris & Co.. Finances 980

Mortality Statistics. Chicago 868

Mortality .Statistics, United States 487

Mortality Table . 60

Mother Tongue. Foreigners 663

Mother and Parent Teacher Assoc., Natl.

Congress 530

Mothers' Pension Fund, Cook County 851

Motor Cars, Density in 1920 680

Motor Cars. Registrations and Revenues. . 579
Motor Vehicle Regulations, Illinois. .. .811-819
Motor Vehicles and Equipment. Transfer

of 203, 204

Motorcycling 436

Motoring" 461

Mountains, Highest 57

Mountains in U. S.. High 57

Moving Rates, Chicago 877 .

Mules on Farms 268

Mules. Horses. Exports 270

Mules by States 270

Multiplication Table 47

Municipal Court Judges, Vote for 787

Municipal Courts, Chicago 845

Municipal League. National 530

Municipal Pier. Chicago 919

Municipal Reference Library, Chicago . . 857. 938

Municipal Voters' League 918

Murders in Chicago (1919) 895

Music in Chicago 873

Myrtle Grove Park. Chicago 884

Mystic Shrine 521

Nashville, Tenn.. Population 649, 651

National Academy of Science o29

National Cemeteries. Burial in ...2

National Convention (1920), Dem 224-228

National Convention (1920). Far.-Labor. . 229
National Convention (1920). Rep. .... 218-224
National Convention (1920), Single Tax 229
National Convention (1920). Soo....228. 229

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

National Conventions Since 1880 217

National Croatian Society 526

National Democratic League of Clubs 503

National Government 50J

National Guard, Development 59

National Guard, Reorganization 61

National Hymns 527

National Institute of Arts and Letters 518

National League, Baseball 41J

National League of Woman Voters 50J

National Movements 67. 68

National Parks in United States. 66, 67

National Political Campaign 692-71]

National Political Committees (1920-24). 501

National Protective Legion 526

National Safety Council Library 94(

National Security League 534

National Slovak Society 526

National Union 522

National Union Assurance Society 527

Naturalists, American Society 529

Naturalization Laws 89-91

Nature Study Society, American

Nauen Wireless Station 576

Naval Architects. Marine Engineers, Soci-
ety of 529

Naval Stations. U. S 602

Naval Training Stations 602

Navies. World 601

Navy Department 50t

Navy, Increase of 206

Navy, Increase of Pay 199, 200

Navy Insignia 611

Navy League of U. S 532

Navy Officers 602

Navy Officers' Insignia 611. 613

Navy Pay Table 606

Navy. Strength 602

Navy. U. S.. Organization 602

Navy Yards, U. S 602

Nebraska Counties. Population 745

Nebraska. Large Cities in 680

Nebraska, Population of 646

Nebraska State Officers 746

Nebraska. Vote of 745

Negro, American. Progress 68

Negro Population, by Years 653

Negroes in Cities 654

Negroes in U. S. (1910) 654

Neighborhood Imp. Associations, Chicago. 809

Neighbors of Woodcraft 527

Netherlands-Belgium Treaty 644

Netherlands, Government of 555

Nevada Counties. Population 746

Nevada, Population of 646

Nevada State Officers 746

Nevada. Vote of 743

New Bedford. Mass.. Population 649.651

New England Order of Protection 527

New Hampshire Counties. Population 746

New Hampshire. Large Cities in 680

New Hampshire, Population of 646

New Hampshire State Officers 747

New Hampshire, Vote of 746

New Haven, Conn., Population 649. 651

New Jersey Counties. Population 747

New Jersey, Large Cities in 680

New Jersey. Population of 646

New Jersey State Officers 747

New Jersey. Vote of 747

New Jerusalem. Church of 540

New Mexico Counties. Population 747

New Mexico. Population of 646

New Mexico State Officers 748

New Mexico, Vote of 747

New Orleans Industrial Canal 320

New Orleans, La., Population 649. 651

New Trier, Vote of 785

New Union Railway Station, Chicago 868

New York City. Population 649, 651

New York Counties. Population 748

New York, Large Cities in 680

New York. Population of 646

New York State Officers 750

New York, Vote of

Newark, N. J., Population... ...649

Newberry Library

Newberry. Senator. Conviction .

Newfoundland Government

Newspapers in U. S. a>nd Canada .

Nicaragua. Government of

Nicknames. State

Niles, Vote of

Nobel Peace Prize for President'.".'

Nobel Prize for Literature

Nobel Prize for Physics

Nobel Prize Winners

Nonpartisan Aldermanic Election Chicago

Norfolk. Va.. Population 649,

Normal Park. Chicago

Normal Schools. Statistics

North America, Population

North Carolina Counties. Population

North Carolina, Large Cities in

North Carolina, Population of

North Carolina State Officers

North Carolina, Vote of

North Dakota Counties. Population

North Dakota, Population of 646,

North Dakota State Officers

North Dakota, Vote of

Northfield, Vote of

Northwestern University Library

Norway Gets Spitzbergen

Norway, Government of

Norwegians in United States 658.

Norwood Circle Park, Chicago

Norwood Park. Vote of

Number 17 Park. Chicago

Number 18 Park, Chicago

Numerals, Roman, Arabic

Numismatic Society. American

Nurseries. Chicago

748
651
936
581
550

85
558

58
785
796
796
796
468
771
651
884
254
645
750
680
646
751
750
751
751
751
751
785
940
645
553
662
884
785
881
881

56
528
889

Oak Park Club

Oak Park Public Library

Oak Park, Vote of

Oakland, Cal., Population 649,

Oat Crop by Countries ,

Oat Crop by States 264

Oats Prices, Chicago

Oats, Trade in ,

Occupations, U. S., Statistics 582

Oceania, Population of

Ocean Steamships, Great ..

Oceans, Area, Depth

Odd Fellows ,

Officers, Army and Navy, Rank

Officers, Army, Honored by Congress

Dfficers, Navy and Marine Corps

Officers. U. S. Army

Officials, Chicago 85:

Officials, Chict ero, Photographs

Officials, Chicago, Salaries

Officials, Chicago, Terms

Officials, Cook County 841,

Officials, Cook County, Salaries

Officials, Cook County, Terms

)fficials. Government

Officials, Government, Chicago

Officials, Illinois. Photographs

Officials, Illinois, Terms

Officials, State 722,

3gden Park, Chicago

)srlesby Monument Commission

)hio Counties, Population

)hio. Large Cities in

Ohio, Population of

Ohio State Officers

Ohio, Vote of

Ml Cake and Meal, Trade in

Oil. Inspection. Chicago

Oil. Mineral. Trade in

Oil Question, Mesopotamian

Oklahoma Counties. Population

Oklahoma, Large Cities in

)klahoma. Population of

808
938
785
651
2(52
265
879
270
583
645
100
57
521
618
619
602
590
2-854
852
859
845
842
846
845
505
798
832
845
765
881
836
751
680
646
753
751
271
858
389
690
753
680
646

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Oklahoma State Officers

Oklahoma, Vote of

Old Chicago Firms

Old Residents, Chicago

Old Roman Catholic Church, North Amer-
ican

Old Time Printers' Club, Chicago

Olympic Games

Omaha, Neb., Population 649.

Opal Athletic Association, Chicago

Opera Association, Chicago

Ophthalmological Society. American

Orange Crop by States

Order of Mutual Protection

Order of Scottish Clans

Order Sons of Herman in Minnesota

Order of United Commercial Travelers

Organization, Naval Forces

Oregon Counties. Population

Oregon, Population of

Oregon State Officers

Oregon, Vote of

Oriental Society, American

Orificial Surgeons, American Assoc. of...

Orland, Vote of

Osteopathic Association, American

Outer Harbor, Chicago

75;
753
970
960

808

456

651

808

528

52
52

602
754
646
754
754
528
528
786
528
919

Pacing Records 440

Packing, Beef, Chicago, by Years 820

Packing. Pork. Chicago, by Years 820

Packing, Pork. Statistics 398

Palatine. Vote of 786

Palestine, Government of 556

Palmer Park, Chicago 881

Panama Canal 306. 307

Panama Canal Zone 560

Panama Canal Zone. Population of 648

Panama, Government of 558

Panics, Theater 258

Paper. Printing. Tariff on 203

Paraguay, Government of 557

Parcel Post Rates 470

Parks, Chicago 880

Park ( Small) Bonds. Vote on 772

Parks. National, in United States 66, 67

Party Lines in Congress 721

Passports, Regulations, United States... 382

Patent Office Statistics 70

Patents; Applications for 69, 70

Paterson, N. J., Popluation 649. 651

Patriotic Societies of United States 530

Patrolmen's Club, Chicago 895

Patti. Adelina. Burial 261

Paupers in United States 667

Pay of Army, Navy, Etc., Increase of . . . 109. 200

Pay Table, Army 600

Pay Ta,ble, Navy 606

Paymaster. City, Chicago 854

Payne. John Barton. Sec. of Interior... 396

Peace Declaration. Harding to Sign 698

Peace Rpsolution. Action in Congress. . . 372. 373

Peace Treaty Ratified 627

Peach Crop by States 266, 267

Peanut Crop by States 267

Pear Crop by States 266. 267

Peary, Robert E.. Death o02

Peas Crop by Countries 263

Pediatric Society. American 528

Penitentiary Building- Commission. Illinois 836

Pension Laws Commission, Illinois 837

Pension Statistics, United States 490

Pensions, Appropriation for 187

Pensions, Increase of 143 144

Pensions, Spanish War. Act 187. 188

Pennsylvania Counties. Population 754

Pennsylvania, Large Cities in 680

Pennsylvania. Population of 646

Pennsylvania State Officers 756

Pennsylvania. Vote of 754

Peoples Gas Light & Coke Go., Finances, flso
Pershing, Gen., Report of ,325

Pershing Road. Chicago 791

Persia, Government of 55$

Personal Income Tax Returns (1918)

Statistics 037

Personal Incomes (1917) 103

Peru, Government of 557

Petroleum, Crude, Production 260

Petroleum Production. Mexico 92

Philadelphia. Pa 0,49, 651

Philatelic Association, Southern 529

Philatelic Society. American '. 529

Philatelic Society, National 529

Philippine Independence. President on ... 687

Philippine Islands. Government of 559

Philippines, Population of 648

Philosophical Society. American 529

Phoenix, Ariz., Populatipn 679

Physical Society, American 529

Physician, Cook County 842;

Physics. Nobel Prize for 796

Pig 1 Iron, Production 260

Pilgrim Tercentenary 610

Pilgrims' Landing, Tercentenary of.' 206

Pistol Shooting m 460

Pittsburgh. Pa., Population 649, 651

Planets 24

Planets, Position of 34

Visibility of 36

In 1921 39, 40

Facts About 40

Platforms. Party, Republican 230-235

Democratic 235-242

Socialist 242-244

Farmer-Labol* 244-246

Single Tax 24ft

Playground, Recreation Assoc. of America 530

Playgrounds, Chicago 883

Plow Lands, United States. Value of 5>75

Pocket Billiards 433

Poets Laureate of England 896-

Poland, Government of 553

Polar Record 576-

Police, Department of. Chicago 857

Police Department. Chicago, Work of ... 893

Police Districts. Chicago 893

Police Superintendents, Chicago 879

Police Work. Chicago, by Years.. 893

Polish Association of America 527

Polish National Alliance of U. S. A 527

Polish Roman Catholic Union of America 527

Polish Union of America 527

Polish-Russian War 688

Political and Social Science. Amer. Acad.528

Political Associations. Chicago 918

Political Campaign. National 692-711

Political Maps, 1916 and 1920 693

Political Science Association, American.. 529

Politics, Past, of States 214

Polo 436

Polo Club, Chicago 808

Pope, Roman Catholic 535

Population, Africa 645

Population, Age Periods 657, 658

Population, Age Periods, by Color 658

Population. American Cities 649, 672

Population, Asia 645

Population, Center of. United States... 652

Population, Chicago 807

Population by Color, Race. ... 654

Population, Cook Co. (1910-1920) .. 806. 807

Population, Europe 645

Population, Foreign Born 657, 659

Population. Foreign Born, by Cities 657

Population, Foreign Born, by States 659

Population. Illinois, by Counties 804-806

Population, Increase. Decennial 648

Population, Largest Cities in World.. 681, 682
Population, Males of Militia As-e ( 1910) . 657

Copulation, Marital Conditions 658

'opulation. Median Lines 652

~opulation. Men of Voting Age 656

'opulation, Negro. 1790-1910. 655

'opulation. North America 645

'opulation. Oceania 645

'opulation, Percentages. Native. Foreign. 662-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19m.

Population Per Square Mile 665

Population, Sex Classification 655

Population, South America 645

Population of States, by Rank 647

Population, United States 646. 664

Population, United States (1790-1850) . . 648
Population, United States (1860-1920) . . 646
Population, United States and Possessions 648
Population U. S. Cities (All Sizes) .. .673-679

Population, U. S., Decennial Increase 648

Population, U. S.. by Geographic Divisions

(1850-1910) 648

Population, Urban, Rural * 658

Population, While and Colored, by States 654

Population, Women 21 Years and Over.

657

Population, World 645

Pork, Mess, Prices 878

Pork Packing-, Chicagro, by Years 820

Pork Packing- Statistics 398

Portland Cement Association Library 940

Portland, Ore., Population 649 651

Porto Rico, Government of 559

Porto Rico. Population of 648

Portugal, Government of 554

Portuguese in United States 658, 662

Post, Louis F., Charges Against 385

Postal Information 469

Postal Rates 469

Postal Reclassification and Salaries. . .183-187

Postal Savings System, U. S 300, 301

Postal Statistics, National 310

Postal Statistics. United States 642, 643

Postmasters, Chicago 922

Postmasters, Large Cities 636

Postoffice. Chicago 891

Postoffice Department 506

Postoffice Inspector, Chicago 798

Postoffice Investigation Commission 143

Potato Crop by Countries 262

Potato Crop by States 265, 266

Potato Crop, Sweet, by States 266

Potatoes. Trade in 271

Power Boat Racing 447

Prairie Club, Chicago 808

Presbyterian Church 538

President and Armenian Mediation 688

President and Cabinet 504

President Criticizes Congress 105

President in Europe 577

President, Popular Vote for 722

President, Vote for, by Precincts 775-784

President, Vote for, by Wards 775

Presidential Campaign 692-711

Presidential Succession. Order of 103

Presidential Preference Primary, Illinois.. 768

Presidential Preference Votes 692

Presidential Vote (1828-1916) 215

Presidential Vote. Chicago, Cook County,

(1884-1.916) 767

President's Message to Congress 685

Presidents and Cabinets 212, 213

Presidents, Burial Places 56

Press Club, Chicago 808

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Amer-
ican Society 530

Prices, Increase of 585-589

Prices, Wholesale, Decrease 589

Primary Election, Cook County (Sept. 15) 791

Primary Election, Illinois, Sept. 15 769

Primary Law. Illinois, Unconstitutional.. 820

Princeton Club, Chicago 808

Principal Seaports, World 49"2

Printing- Paper. Tariff on 203

Prisoners in United States 671

Prisons, State 285

Probate Court, Cook County 844

Probate Judges, Illinois 837

Professional Schools, U. S M Statistics 254

Profits Tax, by Years 417

Progress of United States Since 1800.... 396

Prohibition Amendment.. 207. 208. 576

Prohibition Director. Chicago 798

Prohibition National Committee 502

Prohibition State Committee, Illinois 802

Prohibition, War Act Valid 208

Property Assessment, Illinois...
Property Valuation by States (1919)...

Propositions, Vote on, Chicago 772

Protected Home Circle

Providence, R. I.. Population 649.

Proviso, Vote of ,

Public Administrator, Cook County'

Public Debt, Statement

Public Domain

Public Health Association, American . . . . .
Public Health, Department of, Illinois . .

Public Library, Chicago

Public Safety Bureau, Chicago

Public Service, Cook County, Supt

Public Service Department, Chicago

Public Use of United States Radios

Public Welfare, Department of, Illinois . . .
Public Works, Department of. Chicago . . .
Public Works. Department of, Illinois...

Pugilism

Pulaski Park, Chicago

Pulitzer Air Race

Pullman Public Free Library

Pulse at Different Ages

Quadrangle Club, Chicago..
Qualifications for Suffrage .
Quarries in United States...

Race, Population by ......................

Races of the World .......................

Racauets .................................

Radios, United States, Public Use of....

Railroad Labor Board ....................

Railroad Rates, Illinois, Increased ........

Railroad Runs, Fast .......................

Railroad Train Speed .....................

Railroad Wrecks .......................

Railroads, Accidents ....................

Railroads, Increase in Rates .................

Railroads, Increase in Wages .............

Railroads, Loss Under Federal Control . . .
Railroads Returned to Private Control ----

Railroads, U. S., Operating Statistics ----

Railroads, U. S., Revenues and Expenses.
Railway Engineering Assoc., American. .
Railway Gardens Park. Chicago ..........

Railroad Labor Board, Chicago ........ '. . .

Railway Passenger Stations, Chicago .....

Railway Statistics, National .......... 310,

Railway Tunnels, Longest ...............

Railways, Electric .................. 305,

Railways, World's .......................

Rainfall, United States ...................

Rank, Army and Navy Officers ..........

Rank of States in Population ............

Rapallo, Treaty of .......................

Rates, Illinois Railroad, Increased .......

Rates, Taxicabs ..........................

Reading, Pa., Population ............. 649,

Real Estate Transfers. Chicago .........

Receipts. Shipments (1914-19), Chicago..
Recent Historical Events ..................

Recorder, Vote for .......................

Recorders, County, Illinois ...............

Recorder's Office, Cook County ............

Red Cross, American National ............

Red Cross, Chicago Chapter ...............

Red Men, Order ...........................

"Reds" (see also Communists) ...........

"Reds." Deportation .....................

Registrar of Titles, Cook County ..........

Registration, Department of. Illinois ......

Registration Fees. Motor. Illinois .........

Registration of Voters, Chicago ...........

Regulars, Help for Widows and De-

pendents of ............................

Rehabilitation, Vocational. Soldiers and

Sailors ............. ............... 254.

476
791
527
651
786
843
410
393
529
835
934
858
841
855
192
834
856
834
437
882
630
938
56

87
573

654
46
451
192
509
801
46
47
494
311
390
390
390
390
98
99
529
885
798
888
311
53
306
288
584
613
647
684
801
799
651
851
928
399
789
837
841
530
796
523
385
385
841
835
796
791

205
255

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Relief of European Populations 95

Relief of Starving 1 Europe 205

Religions of the World 542

Religious Associations 535-542

Religious Bodies in Chicago 872

Religious Education Association 541

Representatives, Illinois 800, 801

Representatives, U. S., Apportionment..... 2
Representatives. United States, House. 713, 718

Republican Campaign Expenses 711

Republican Committee, Cook County 803

Republican National Committee 501

Republican State Committee, Illinois 802

Reservations, Senate, German Treaty 370

Reserve Officers' Training Corps 153-lo5

Return of Polish Soldiers VV1?2

Revenue, Internal, Receipts 413-417

Revenue Laws of 1918, Federal 74

Revenue, United States Postal 6

Revenues, National 308, 309

Review. Board of. Cook County 8

Review, Board of. Vote for Member 790

Rhode Island Counties. Population 756

Rhode Island, Large Cities in 6

Rhode Island. Population of 64b

Rhode Island State Officers 756

Rhode Island, Vote of 756

Rice Crop by Countries 263

Rice Crop by States.. 266

Rice, Trade 271

Rich, Vote of 786

Richmond. Va., Population 649, 651

Rifle Shooting 459

Riot in Lexington, Ky 486

River Forest Library 940

River Forest. Vote of 786

Rivers, Longest

Rivers and Harbors 206

Rivers and Harbors, Bureau, Chicago.... 8o5

Riverside, Vote of , 786

Roads, Federal Aid for 579

Roads, Illinois Plan 580

Roads. Public in United States, Mileage. . 579

Roberts Sauare Park, Chicago 884

Robertson Alice. Photograph and Sketch. 684

Rochester, N. Y., Population 649. 651

Rockefeller Gifts to Charity 601

Rocky Ledge Park, Chicago 884

Roller Skating 436

Roosevelt, F..D., Acceptance 711

Roosevelt, F. D.. Photogra.ph 694

Roosevelt Memorial Association 200, 201

Root, Elihu, Lincoln Statue Address 628

Rociue 466

Rosin Trade in 271

Rotary Club. Chicago 809

Roumania. Government of 5o4

Roumanians in the United States. . .658, 062

Rowing 443

Royal Arcanum 521. 527

Royal Arch Masons 520

Royal League 522, 527

Royal Neighbors of America 527

Royal and Select Masters 520

Royalists Win in Greece 643

Running. Long Distance 454

Rural Population 658, 664

Russell Square Park, Chicago 881

Russia. Government of 554

Russians in United States 658 662

Russian-Polish War ; 688

Ruth Club, Chicago 809

Rutherford Park, Chicago 884

Rye Crop by Countries 262

Rye Crop by States 265

Rye, Trade in 7 271

Ryerson Library, Art Institute 938

Saddle and Cycle Club, Chicago 809

Safety Council, National 530

Foundation 574

St. George. Daughters of 503

St. Ignatius College Library 933

St. Louis, Mo., Population 64 - 9 (551

St. Paul. Minn.. Population 649.' 651

Salaries. Postal 183-187

Salaries. School, Chicago 899-901

Salt Lake City, Utah. Population ....649. 651

Salvador, Government of 553

Salt Creek Park !...!!... 884

Salvation Army 541

Samoa, American 560

Samoa. Population of 648

San Antonio. Tex.. Population 649. 651

San Francisco. Cal., Population 649. 651

San Remo Conference on Armenia 380

Sanitary District, Chicago 869

Sanitary District Trustees, Vote 790

Sault Ste. Marie Canal 307

Seas, Area. Depth 57

Seasons 23

Sesame ... 33

Sixty-Sixth Congress, 2d Session. Work of 104

Schaumberg, Vote of 786

Scheldt River Navigation Control 644

Schleswig Plebiscite 684

School Finances, Chicago 902-904

School Salaries, Chicago 899

School Statistics, Chicago 904

School Statistics. Common, by Years 255

School Superintendents, County, Illinois . . 838

School Systems, State (1917-18) 253. 254

Schools, Chicago 896-899

Schools in Outlying Possessions 255

Schools. Superintendent of. Cook County.. 842

Sciences, Chicago Academy 867

Sciences, National Academy of 529

Scotch in United States 658, 662

Scottish Rite Masons 520

Scranton. Pa.. Population 649. 651

Seaports of World 492

Sears, Roebuck & Co., Finances 982

Seattle, Wash.. Population 649, 651

Secret Service. U. S., Chicago 798

Secretary of. State, Cook Co.. Vote 790

Senate. Illinois 800

Senate. U. S.. Action in German Peace

Treaty 367

Senate, U. S.. Committees 716

Senate. U. S.. Members 712. 717

Senator. U. S., Vote for in Chicago and

Cook County 788

Senatorial Apportionment, Illinois, Map.. 822

Senatorial Districts, Illinois 823, 824

Service Chevrons (313. 617

Service Club, Chicago ' 809

Settlements. Chicago Federation of 869

Seward Park, Chicago 880

Sewers. Bureau of. Chicago 856

Sex, Population by 655

Shedd's Park, Chicago 882

Sheep (1920) 268

Sheep by States 270

theep on Farms 268, 269
heridan Park, Chicago 883

Sheriff, Cook County. Elections lor 767

Sheriffs. Cook County 875

Sheriffs. County, Illinois 838

Sheriff's Office, Cook County 843

Sherman Antitrust Law 86

Sherman Park, Chicago 881

Shipments. Receipts (1914-1919) Chicaero 928

Shipping- Board. U. S 172,509

Shipping Data 96

Shipping Disasters 288

Shipping. Growth of, American 286

Shipping Terms 97

Ships (see also Vessels) 603

Ships Built in 1919. 1920 287

Ships. U. S. Navy 603

Ships, World's 288

Short Ballot Organization, National 530

Shorthand Writing, Record 68

Siam. Government of 556

Silver. Bar, Price of 296

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Silver. Bullion Value

Silver Coinagre. by Nations 285.

Silver Coinage, by U. S

Silver Coinage, by World

Silver. Commercial Ratio

Silver, Exports, Imports

Silver, Gold. Stocks in U. S

Silver. Gold. U. S

Silver. Gold, U S. Product

Silver. Gold. World Production

Sims-Daniels Controversy

finn Fein. Ireland
inn Fein. U. S

Sioux Falls. S. D.. Population :

tixth Corps Area. U. S. Army
Rating 1 , Ice

Skating-. Roller

Ski Jumping-

Slovenic National Benefit Society

Slovenic Progressive Benefit Society

Small Parks. Chicago

Smithsonian Institution

Sons of Norway

Social Service Bureau. Cook County ....

Social Service Club. Chicag-o

Social Work. National Conference

Socialist National Committee

Socialist State Committee. Illinois

Socialists Barred from N. Y. Assembly . . .

Societies. Learned

Societies. Patriotic. U. S

Societies. State, in Chicago

Sociological Society, American

Soldier Dead. Return from France

Soldiers' Homes

Soldiers' Homes, Aid for. State..,

tons of American Revolution
ons of the Revolution. Illinois

Sons of Veterans. U. S. A

Sorghum Sirup Produced (1919)

Sorghums. Grain. Crop by States

South Africa, Union of

South America, Population

South America. Population of

South American Republics. Government of

South Carolina Counties. Population

South Carolina, Larg-e Cities in

South Carolina, Population of

South Carolina State Officers ;

South Carolina. Vote of

South Dakota Counties, Population

South Dakota, Population of

South Dakota State Officers

South Dakota, Vote of

South End Woman's Club. Chicag-o ....

South Park Avenue Bonds, Vote on

South Parks System

South Shore Country Club. Chicago

South Slavonic Catholic Union *

Spa Conference

tpain. Government of
paniards in United States 638,

Spanish-American War, Order of

Spanish War Veterans

Speakers of House

Specific Gravity Table

Spirits. Liquors. Produced

Spiritualists' Association, National...

Spitzbergen . . .

Spitzbergen Under Norwegian Rule

Spokane. Wash.. Population 649.

Sporting- Records

Springfield. Mass.. Population 649.

Stadium Bonds, Vote on

Standard Club. Chicag-o

Standard Time Zones 41,

Standard Time Zones at Sea

Stanford Park, Chicago

Stanton Park, Chicago

Stars, Brightest

Stars, Number of

State Capitals

State. Department of

State Legislatures

State Mottoes

297
296
296
290
297
283
296
295
297
295
609
625
027
080
913
449
436
450
527
527
883

43
527
842
809
530
503
802
393
528
530
796
529
382
620
204
533
534
531
267
267
549
045
645
557
756
680
646
756
756
757
646
757
757
809
772
880
809
527
635
554
662
534
534
216

53
492
541
553
645
651
419
651
772
809

42
484
882
880

37
359
644
505
644

State Nicknames and Flowers 58

State Officials 722. 765

State Prisons in United States . 385

State School Systems (1917-18) 253. 254

State Societies in Chicago 796

States and Territories. Historical Data of. 215

State's Attorney, Cook County 841

State's Attorney, Elections, Cook County 76
State's Attorney, Vote, Chicago and Cook

County 789

State's Attorneys, Cook County 919

State's Attorneys, Illinois 838

State's Attorney's Office. Cook County 841

States, Capitals. Governors, Etc (544

States, Population of . . 046

States. Population of. by Census Years. .. 647

States. Population by Rank 647

Statistical Association, American . 529

Statistics, American Cities 477

Statistics, Bureau of, Chicago 857

Statistics, Financial, of States (191:)) 475

Statistics, Mortality, United States 487

Steamship Disasters. Great 471

Steamships. Ocean, Great 100

Stedman, Seymour, Photograph 694

Steel. Crude. Production 471

Steel Rails. Production 534

Stickney, Vote of 786

Stockyards, Chicago 798

Stony Island Parkway 884

Storage Space Required, Ships 96

Storms 294

Storms and Floods 494

Street Lighting in Chicago 797

Street Numbering Guide. Chicago 871

Street Railway Chronology, Chicago 867

Streets, Bureau of, Chicago 856

Structures. Height, Famous 309

Students in Foreign Universities 255

Submarine Bases. United States 602

Submarine S-5, Sinking of 610

Subtreasuries Discontinued 205. 206

Suburbs of Chicago 914

Suez Canal 307

Suffrage Association, National American. 530

Suffrage, Qualifications 87

Suffrage, Woman 386

Sugar Crop, Beet, by Countries 263

Sugar Crop. Cane, by Countries 263

Sugar Crop in Louisiana 268

Sugar Crop by States 267

Sugar Equalization Board 203

Sugar, Trade in 271

Sugar Trade, United States (1920) 388

Sulgrave Institution 95

Sumner Debating Society, Chicago 809

Sun 39

Sun, Facts About 40

Sunday School Union, American 541

Sunday Schools, United States (1916) 547

Superior Court Clerk, Vote for 789

Superintendent Public Service, Cook

County 841

Superintendent of Schools. Cook County. 842

Superior Court. Cook County 844

Supervising Engineers. Chicago 855

Supplies, Department of, Chicago 857

Supreme Court, Illinois 833

Supreme Court Clerk. Cook County Vote.. 790

Supreme Court. United States 510

Supreme Tribe of Ben Hur 527

Surgeons, Association Orificial 528

Surgeons, Clinical Congress of 529

Surveyor. Cook County 842

Surveyor. County, Vote for 790

Sweden. Government of 554

Swedes in United States 658, 662

Swedish Club, Chicago 809

Sweet Potatoes. Crop, by States 266

Swift & Co., Finances 982

Swimming 447

Swine by States 27O

Swine on Farms 269

Swiss Railroads. Electrification 286

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Swiss in United States 658, 662

Switchmen's Union of North America 527

Switzerland, Government of 555

Symphony Orchestra, Chicago 873

Syracuse, N. Y., Population 649, 652

Syria 556

Tablet to A. E. F., Chicagro 930

Tariff Commission, U. S 509

Tariff Legislation Since 1884, Synopsis. . . 260

Tariff on Printing Paper 203

Tariff Rates (See U. S. Customs Duties) . 289

Tax Association. National 530

Tax, Income, by Years 417

Tax, Profits, by Years 417

Tax Rates. Chicago 876

Taxable Property, Chicago 876

Taxable Property, Cook County 877

Taxes, Admission and Dues 80

Taxes, Beverages 79

Taxes. Child Labor 85

Taxes, Corporations 77

Taxes, Estates 79

Taxes, Excess Profits 78

Taxes, Excise ' : . . 81

Taxes, Income 74

Taxes, Income, Personal Statistics 637-641

Taxes. Insurance 79

Taxes, Special 82

Taxes, Stamps 84

Taxes, Tobacco 80

Taxes, Transportation 79

Taxes, War Profits 78

Taxicab Rates 75)9

Tea Consumed, U. S 311

Tea. Trade in 271

Teachers' Salaries. Chicago 899-901

Telegraph Statistics, National 310. 311

Telegraph Statistics, U. S. 261

Telegraphs, World's 288

Telephone Rates, Long Distance 636

Telephone Statistics, U. S 261

Telescopes, Longest in World 2.10

Temperatures, High. Low. U. S 584

Tennessee Counties, Population 7o7

Tennessee, Large Cities in 680

Tennessee, Population of 646

Tennessee State Officers 757

Tennessee, Vote of 757

Tennis 434

Tercentenary of Pilgrims' Landing 206

Texas Counties, Population 758

Texas, Large Cities in 680

Texas. Population of 646

Texas State Officers 760

Texas. Vote of 758

Theater Fires and Panics 258

Theaters, Chicago 905

Thermometers Compared 47

Thornton, Vote of 786

Three Arts Club, Chicago 809

Three Score and Ten Club, Chicago 809

Time, Difference in 43

Time. Eras of 23

Time, Foreign Standards of 43

Time and Standards of 41

Time Zones. Standard, at Sea 484

Titles, Abbreviations of of

Tobacco Crop by Countries 263

Tobacco Crop by States 266

Tobacco Tax 80

Tobacco, Trade in 271

Toledo, O., Population 649. 652

Tonnage, Displacement 96, 9'

Tonnage in Foreign Trade 28

Tornadoes 294

Torpedo Boat Destroyers. U. S 604, 605

Torpedo Stations. U. S 60

Torrens System Land Titles 851

Town and Country Club, Chicago 80S

Trade Commission, Federal 509

Trade, Department of, Illinois 835

Trade Marks, Registration of 73

Traffic Club, Chicago 809

["rain-Automobile Collisions 495

Trans, of Motor Vehicles and Equip. 203, 204

Transportation Act (1920) Ill, 134

Transportation Tax 79

Trap Shooting 1 457

Treasurer, Cook County 841

Treasurer, State, Cook County, Vote 790

Treasurers, Chicago 839

Treasurers, County. Illinois 838

Treasury Department 505

Treaty of Sevres (with Turkey) 385

Treaty of Versailles Ratified 627

Trenton, N. J., Population 6-19, 652

Trips Around World, Fastest 211

Trotting Records 440

Trumbull, Lyman, Park 881

Tuberculosis Association, National 529

Tuesday Art and Travel Club, Chicago 809

Tunis, Government of 557

Tunnels, Chicago 810

Tunnels, Railway, Longest 53

Turkey, Government of 555

Turpetine, Trade in 271

Turks in United States 658. 662

Twenty-Second Street Parkway 884

Typewriters, American, Exports 288

Typical Army, U. S 596

Ukrainia 555

Unclaimed Estates, Great Britain 99

Uniform Laws Commission, Illinois 836

Union Ex-Prisoners of War, Natl. Assoc. . 532

Union League Club, Chicago 809

Union Park. Chicago 882

Union Printers' Club, Chicago 809

Union Stockyards, Chicago 798

Union Wages and Hours, U. S 63, 64

Unitarian Church... 539

United American Mechanics. . 527

United Artisans 527

United Charities of Chicago 796

United Order of Foresters 527

United Order of Golden Cross 527

United Societies for Local Self -Government 918

United States and Armenia 380

United States Army 590-601

U. S. Army, Chicago Headquarters 913

United States. Area of 665

United States Arsenals 214

United States Coast Guard 44

United States Coast Line 52

United States Constitution 312

United States Customs Duties 289-294

United States, Education 253-255

United States Enters the War 321

United States Government 505

United States, Library of Congress 418

United States Military Academy 609

United States Mineral Products 259

United States Mint, in Chicago. Proposed. 671

United States Mints, Assay Offices 389

United States National Wealth (1912) 256-258

United States Naval Academy 608

United States Navy 602-608

United States Navy, Increase of 2

United States Navy, Increase of Pay. .199. 200

United States Population 646-6b

Age Periods 657

Age Periods, by Color 608

At Each Census. 1790-1850 648

At Each Census, 1860-1920 647

By Color, Race 54

By States 54

Center of 652

Decennial Increase f

Foreign Born 656. 657, 658, 659

Geographic Divisions, 1850-1910 648

Increase, Decennial 648

Males of Militia Age. (1910) 657

Men of Votinsr Age 606

Negro, 1790-1910 65o

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Of States 647

Per Square Mile , . . (>(>5

Sex Classification 655

United States and Possessions 648

White. Colored, by States 654

Urban, Rural 658-664

Women 21 Years and Over 657

United States and Possessions. Population 648

United States Postal Statistics 642 643

United States Postoffice, Reclassification

and Salaries 183-187

United States. Progress Since 1800 396

United States Public Debt 410

United States Radios, Public Use of... . 192

United States Reclamation Service 391

United States Shipping- Board 172, 509

United States Steel Corporation 307

Universalist Church. Y. P. C. U 540

Universities, American 247-253

Universities, Foreign, Students 255

Universities, United States. Statistics 254

University of Chicago Library 936

University Club, Chicag-o 809

University Libraries. Statistics 577

Urban Population 658-664

Urugruay, Government of 557

Utah Counties. Population 761

Utah, Large Cities in 681

Utah. Population of 646

Utah State Officers .... 761

Utah. Vote of... .. 761

Valuation of American Cities 481

Valuation of Property by States (1919).. 476

Venezuela, Government of 557

Venizelos Defeat in Greece 643

Verdun, France. Medal of Honor 206

Vermont Counties, Population 761

Vermont, Population of 646

Vermont State Officers 761

Vermont, Vote of 761

Vernon Park, Chicago 882

Vessels (see also Ships) 603

Vessels Built in United States 287

Vicksburg Military Statue Commission 836

Victory Lapel Button 615

Victory Medal 614, 615

Villa, Surrender of 624

Virgin Islands 560

Virgin Islands. Population of 648

Virginia Counties, Population ; 761

Virginia. Large Cities in 681

Virginia Library (Chicag-o) 940

Virginia. Population of 646

Virginia State Officers 762

Virginia, Vote of 761

Visibility, Objects, on Lakes 560

Visiting Nurse Association 796

Vocational Education Board, Chicago 798

Vocational Education. Federal Board 509

Vocational Rehabilitation 201-203

Vocational Rehabilitation. Soldiers nnd

Sailors 254. 255

Vocational Schools, Statistics 254, 255

Volstead Act 210

Volunteers of America 541

Vopicka. Minister, Resigns 721

Vote, Electoral, by States 721

Vote, Illinois. Popular 766

Vote, Popular, for President 722

Vote. Presidential (1828-1916) 215

Vote, Women, in Election..., 711

Voters. Registration of. Chicago : 791

Voting Age, Men of (1910) 656

Voting Qualifications. (See also Suffrage

Qualifications) 87

Voyages, Atlantic, Fastest 100

Wages, Tables of 55

Wages. Union. United States 63. 64

Walnuts, Shelled, Imports 288

War Criminals. Punishment Sought H76

War Criminals, Some- of Those Accused. . 379

War Criminals. Trial of 378

War Department 505

War, Effect on Corporation Incomes 65

War Profits. Tax . 78

War Prohibition Act Valid 208-210

War Risk Insurance Law. Changes 108-111

War. World 321-364

Allied Commander in Chief 333

American Effort 322

American Troops in Italy 342

American Troops in Russia 343

American War Facts 322

Ammunition 323

Armies of Occupation 364

Artillery Production 323

Aviation , .. 323

British Share 359

Casualties 323

Casualties, American 355

Chicago and the War 967

Chronology, General 360-364

Clothing , 507

Cost 324. 357

Criminals. Punishment Sought 376

Criminals, Some of Those Accused 379

Criminals. Trial of 378

Declarations of War 321

Duration of War. by Countries 322

European Territorial Changes, Map 569

FirsA American Army 336

Food 507

Illinois Casualties 357

Intelligence 329

International Comparisons 322

Men in Battle 323

Merchants Vessels Sunk 382

Meuse-Argonne Battle 324, 338

Military Situation 325

Munitions 344

Nations Involved 321

Naval Vessels Lost 359

Operations 330

Organization Projects 326

Peace Treaties. Dates 322

Pershing, Gen., Report of 325

Prisoners of War 351

Return of Troops to United States 343

'Rifles 323

St. Mihiel. Battle of 336

Second American Army 342

Severance of Diplomatic Relations 321

Soldier Dead, Return from France 382

Soldiers Furnished, by States 322

Supply. Services of 344

Surrender Dates 321

Tanks, Tractors 349

Training of Troops 323-328

Transportation of Trooi>:$ 323

United States Enters War 321

Welfare Work 354

Wards and Aldermen. Chicago 871

Wards. Boundaries. Chicago 908-910

Washington, D. C., Population 649, 652

Washington Park. Chicago 880

Washington Square Park. Chicngo 885

Washington (State) Counties, Population 762

Washington, Large Cities in 681

Washington (State). Population of 646

Washington State Officers 763

Washington, Vote of 762

Washington's Farewell Address 319

Water. Bureau of, Chicago 856

Water Power Act. Federal 192-199

Waterfalls. Famous. World 258

Waft kins, A. S.. Photograph 695

Wealth. Comparative, of Nations 258

Wealth. National, U. S., (1912) 256-258

Weather Bureau. Chicago 798

Weather Foreoa sts. Signals 46

Weather, United States 584

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Wedding- Anniversaries

Wednesday Club. Chicago

Weights and Measures, Dept. of, Chicago.

Weights, Measures. Illinois

Weights and Measures. U. S

Weights, Miscellaneous

Weights, Pounds, Per Cubic Foot

Welles Park, Chicago

Welsh in United States 658,

West Chicago Parks

West End Woman's Club, Chicago

West Point Academy

West Virginia Counties. Population

West Virginia. Large Cities in

West Viriginia, Population of

West Virginia. Vote of

Western Catholic Union

Western Electric Company, Finances

Western Society of Engineers. Chicago . 809,

Western Society of Engineers. Library

Wheat Crop by Countries

Wheat Crop by States 263,

Wheat, Federal Control of

Wheat Flour. Trade in

Wheat Harvest Calendar

Wheat, Price, Chicago

Wheat. Trade in

Wheeling, Vote of

Wicker Park, Chicago

Widows and Dependents of Regulars, Help

for

Wilhelm. Kaiser. Holland Holds

Wilmington. Del.. Population 649,

Wilson, Woodrow, Addresses, Notes, Etc.

Advice to Oregonians

Armenian Mediation

Asks Congress for Mandate on Armenia

Cabinet Changes

Call for First Meeting. League of Nations

Congratulations on Suffrage Amendment

Correspondence with Secretary Lansing.

Jackson Day Letter

Letter to Senator Hitchcock on Article
10

Message to Congress

Pleas for League of Nations 695.

Veto of Peace Resolution

Visits to Europe. Chronology

Wilson & Co., Finances

Wind Barometer Table. Great Lakes

Wines. Liquors. Consumed

Winnemac Park, Chicago

Wireless. Nauen Station

Wisconsin Counties. Population

Wisconsin, Large Cities in

Wisconsin, Population of

Wisconsin State Officers

Wisconsin. Vote of

Woman. Second. Elected to Congress

Woman Suffrage, U. S

Woman Vote in Election

Woman's Athletic Club, Chicago

47
809
858
910

880
662
882
809
609
763
681
646
763
527
982
867
940
262
264
547
270
286
878
270
786
882

205
376
652

694
688
380
394
561
387
394
693

368
685
696
375
577
982
581
476
885
576
764
681
646
765
764
684
386
711
809

Woman's Aid Club, Chicago. . . 808

Woman's Club, Chicago " 08

Woman's Protective Association...".' 795

Woman's Relief Corps 531

Woman's Roosevelt Memorial Association' 57"

Women, National Council ' 539

Women 21 Years or More (1910)'...

Women of Voting Age.. 65"

Women Voters. Nat. League of '. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'. 503

Women s Benefit Association of Maccabees 57

Women's Bureau 005

Women's Catholic Orders of Forester's'.'.'.'. 527

Women's Christian Temperance Union . . . 530

Women;s City Club, Chicago 809-918

Women s Clubs. General Federation... 530

Women's Fellowship Club. Chicago... . 809

Women's Votes .. 387

Wood Pulp, Trade in....'. .'." 27^

Woodlawn Park Club. Chicago .' 809

Woodlawn Woman's Club. Chicago 809

Woodmen Circle 527

Woodmen of America, Modern. . . ' 522

Woodmen of the World 521

wool (1920 :::: 268

Wool, Trade in 272

Worcester, Mass., Population 649 652

Workmen. United Order .... 523

World, Armies and Navies .. 601

World, Fast Trips Around , .. 211

World. Money 297. 298

World, Population 644

World Records, Athletic... .. 455

World's Largest Cities 681. 682

World's Series. Baseball . 420

Worth. Vote of 786

Wound Chevrons 613 617

Wrecks, Railroad 494

Wrestling 44.3

Wyoming Counties. Population 765

Wyoming, Population of 646

Wyoming State Officers 765

Wyoming, Vote of , .. 765

Yachting , . . 442

Yale Club, Chicago 809

Yale-Harvard Boat Race- 443

Yonkers. N. Y., Population of 649. 652

Young Fortnightly Club, Chicago 809

Young Men's Christian Association. 540

Young Men's Jewish Charities 796

Youngstown, O., Population 649, 652

Zivena Beneficial Society 527

Zodiac, Signs of 34-36

Zoning Commission Ordinance. ... ^ 816

Zoological Gardens 527

Zoological Gardens. McCormick 866

Zoologists, American Society 529

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertising: Buckley, Dement & Co 947

Advertising: Thos. Cusack company

Opposite Back Cover

Albaugh-Dover company 903

American Steel and Wire company 996

Arthur Dixon Transfer company 989

Automobiles: Reo Motor Car Company

of Chicago, Inc Inside Front Flyleaf

Baker, Alfred L., & Co 931

Banking: Central Trust Company of Illi-
nois Inside Back Flyleaf

Banking: Corn Exchange National bank..
Inside Back Cover

Banking-: Merchants Loan and Trust

company Outside Back Cover

Barnhart Bros. & Spmdler 945

Baseball Park: Comiskey 967

Baseball Park: Cubs 971

Becker, A. G., & Co 931

Belting and Supplies: Fensholt & F'echner 963

Benjamin Electric Mfg. company 979

Bible institute. Moody. Chicago 971

Bingham's Son, Sam'l, Manufacturing Co. 943

Blatrhford. E. W., company 965

Bonds Guaranty): United States Fidelity
and Guaranty company 981

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Brick: Illinois Brick company 949

Buckley, Dement & Co 947

Byllesby. H. M., & Co 929

Castings: The National Malleable Cast-
ing's company 955

Castings: The Western Foundry company 988
Central Printing' and Engraving company. 951

Central Trust Company of Illinois

Inside Back Flyleaf

Chicago Elevated Railroads 991-992

Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee R. R. 993

Chicago Surface Lines 973-977

Chicago Telephone company 984-987

Clement. Curtis & Co 989

Coal: Waller Coal company 1021

Comiskey Baseball Park 9

Commercial Paper: A. G. Becker & Co. . 931
Commonwealth Edison Electric shops.. 979

Conkling, Price & Webb 937

Corn Exchange National bank.. .........

Inside Back Cover

Cubs' Baseball Park .... 971

Cusack Thos., company. .Opposite Back Lover

Deeds. Recorder of 959

Des Plaines State bank 931

Eckhart, B. A., Milling company 9o6

Eclipse Printing company v"^v.- 9I

Electric Supplies: Commonwealth Edi-

son company.

979

Elevated Railroads, Chicago 991-99^

Elevated Railroads, points reached by.... 9
Elmes. Charles F.. Engineering works.... 9ol
Engineering : Charles F. Elmes Engineering

works 9bl

Fensholt & Fechner 9

Foundry Company, The Western. ....... 988

Furniture, Business: Alexander H. Revell

^ Co yy>

Grain: 'j.'Rosenbaum Grain company.. . 995
Heating, Ventilating: Phillips. Getschow

company ^Vi

Hines, Edward, Lumber company 9o3

Hool Realty company

Hotel Planters *>~*

Illinois Brick company

Illinois Life Insurance company..........

Opposite Front Cover

Insurance: Illinois Life

Insurance':' Marsh '& McLennan. .

Inside Front

Insurance: Public Life Insurance Co . 939

Insurance: United States Fidelity and

Guaranty company.

981

VTUdA dl-H-J ^Vu-*^c***7 . . - - - - f\f\f\

Interurban Lines: Chicago to Milwaukee; 9
Interurban Lines: Illinois Traction. ... Jb8-9b9
Investment Securities: A. G. Becker & Co. 931
Investments: H. M. Byllesby & Co. . ... 9~9
Lamps, Electric: Commonwealth Eoi=oa

company Xoo

Larson, Martin 32

LaSalle Extension university ... 941

Lighting Specialties: Benjamin Electric

Manufacturing company 979

Lindlahr Sanitarium. The 9

Lumber: Edward Hines Lumber company 953

Marsh & McLennan Inside Front Coyer

Marshall-Jackson company 1J

Master Trucks. Inc f J

McKinley Lines 9bS "o

Medical laboratory, United States 990

Mendelson Bros. Paper Stouk company . 957
Merchandise, General: MonttfOOiery Ward

, r & ^ Faces Title Page

Merchandise, General: Samuel Phjllipgon

& Co . 995

Merchants Loan and Trust company

;, Outside Back Cover

Metals Stereotype, Etc.: E. W. Blatch-

f ord company 955

Millers: B. A. Eckhart Milling- company. 956

Milwaukee Electric railroad 993

Montgomery Ward & Co Faces Title Page

Moody Bible institute. Chicago 971

Mortgages: Hool Realty company 933

National Malleable Castings Co., The 955

Oliver Typewriter Co 1

Paper Mill Supplies: Mendelson Bros.

Paper Stock company 957

Phillips, Getschow company 961

Planters, Hotel 994

Printers' Rollers: Sam'l Bingham's Son

Manufacturing company 943

Printing: Eclipse Printing company 988

Printing, Engraving: Central Printing and

Engraving company 951

Printing: Marshall-Jackson company. .. .1022

Printing: Regan Printing House 981

Public Life Insurance company 939

Radiators, Automobile: Sheppard Mfg. Co. 979

Recorder of Deeds 959

Regan Printing House 981

Registration of Titles: Torrens System.. 958
Reo Motor Car Company of Chicago, Inc.

Inside Front Flyleaf

Revell. Alexander H.. & Co 995

Rosenbaum, J., Grain company 995

Sam'l Bingham's Son Mfg. company 943

Samuel Phillipson & Co 995

Sanitarium, The Lindlahr 935

Separators, Cream: Albaugh-Dovcr Co.... 9

Sharp & Smith 963

Sheppard Manufacturing company 979

Shoes : Martin Larson 932

Stationery : Marshall-Jackson company . . .1022
Stocks, Bonds, Grain: Alfred L. Baker

& Co 931

Stocks, Bonds, Grain, Cotton: Clement.

Curtis & Co 989

Street Railways, Chicago: Statistics, points

reached by v : 973-977

Street Railways: Chicago Surface Lines

Surgical Supplies : Sharp & Smith 963

Teaming: A. T. Willett company. ........ 955

Telephones: Chicago Telephone Co 984-98 /

Tenso Die Castings: Barnhart Bros. &

Spindler g*S

Torrens Registration System. ...... ... . . .

Transferring, Forwarding: Arthur I xon

Trucks, Motor: ' 'Master Trucks Inc 989

Type: Barnhart Bros. & Spindler. ....... 94.>

Typewriters: The Oliver Typewriter Co.. 1
United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co. 9,

United States Medical laboratory y

University, LaSalte Extension J{*

Waller Coal company x ^

Washers, Electric: Albaugh-Dover Co...
Western Foundry company. The gg

'. 996

Wire company

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK
FOR 1921

[Astronomical calculations for 1921 by B. Hart Wright, DeLand. Fla.]

All the calculations in this Almanac and
Year-Book are based upon mean or clock time
unless otherwise stated. The sun's rising 1 and
setting- are for the upper limb, corrected for
"parallax and refraction." The figures given
are for the moon's center on a true horizon
such as the ocean affords.

The calculations in each of the geographical

divisions of each calendar page will apply with
sufficient accuracy to all places in contiguous
zones indicated by the heading of the divisions
Daylight Saving- Advance one hour in April
May, June, July, August, September and Octo-
ber to convert into the "daylight saving- time,"
where same is used locally.

BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF SEASONS.

Sun enters
Sign. Long.
Capri. 270
Aries
Cancer 90
Libra 180*
Capri. 270

Constel-
lation. Date.
Sagit. Dec. 21.
Pisces Mch. 20.
Gemini June 21.
Virg-o Sept. 23.
Sagit. Dec. 22.

Eastern
time.

.10:17 p.m.
.10:51 p.m.
. 6:36 p.m.
. 9:20 a.m.
. 4:08 a.m.

Central

9:17 p.m. 1920 Winter begins and lasts..., .. 89 H O 26

9:51 p.m. 1921Spring begins and lasts 91 19.37

5:36 p.m. 1921 Summer begins and lasts..., .. 93 14 36

8:20 a.m. 1921 Autumn begins and lasts 891840

3:08 a.m. 1921 Winter begins. Tropical year. .365 5 19

ERAS OF TIME.

The Greg-orian year 1921 corresponds to the
following eras:

The latter part of the 145th and the begin-
ning of the 146th year of the Independence of
the United States.

The year 1339-40 of the Mohammedan era:
the year 1340 begins Sept. 3.

The year 4618 (nearly) of the Chinese era,
beginning now. Jan. 1.

The year 2233 of the Grecian era.

The year 5681-82 of the Jewish era; the year
5682 begins at sunset Oct. 2.

The year 7429-30 of the Byzantine era, be-
gins Sept. 1.

The year 2581 of the Japanese era.

The year 6634 of the Julian period and Jan
1 is the 2,422,691st day since the beginning- of
the Julian period.

CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES.
Dominical or Sunday letter.

Epact of moon's age, Jan. 1 21

Lunar cycle or golden number ,1

Solar cycle 26

Roman indiction 4

Dionysian period 250

Jewish lunar cycle 19

Julian period 6634

CHURCH CALENDAR FOR 1921.

Jan. 1 New Year's day (Cir-
cumcision.)

Jan. 6 Epiphany (12th day).

Jan. 23 Septuagesima S u n -
day.

Jan. 25 Conversion of St.
Paul.

Jain. 30 Sexagesima Sunday.

Feb. 2 Purification B. V. M.

Feb. 6 Quinquagesima Sun-
day.

Feb. 8 Shrove Tuesday.

Feb. 9 Ash Wednesday.

Feb. 13 Quadragesima Sun-
day.

Feb. 14 St. Valentine's day.

Feb. 24 St. Matthias.

March 1 St. David's day.

March 6 Mid-Lent Sunday

March 17 St. Patrick's day.

March 20 Palm Sunday.

March 25 Good Friday.

March 27 Easter Sunday.

April 3 Low Sunday.

April 23 St. George.

April 25 St. Mark.

M'ay 1 Philip and James
Rogation Sunday.

May 5 Ascension (Holy
Thursday) .

May 15 Whitsunday (Pente-
cost) .

May 22 Trinity Sunday.

May 26 Corpus Christi. .

June 11 St. Barnabas.

June 24 Nativity of John the
Baptist.

June 29 P e t e r and Paul,
Chief Apostles.

July 15 St. Swithin.

July 22 Mary Magdalen.

July 25 St. James.

Aug. 6 Transfiguration.

Aug. 15 Assumption B. V. M.

Aug. 24 St. Bartholomew.

Aug. 29 John the Baptist be-
headed.

Sept. 8 Nativity of Mary.

Se.pt. 14 Holy Cross, exalta-
tion of.

Sept. 21 St. Matthew.
Sept. 29 St. Michael and All

Angels.

Oct. 18 St. Luke.
Oct. 28 SS. Simon and Jude.
Oct. 31 Halloween.
Nov. 1 All Saints' day.
Nov. 2 All Souls' day.
Nov. 11 Martinmas.
Nov. 24 Thanksgiving day.
Nov. ,25 St. Catherine.
Nov. 27 Advent Sunday.
Nov.* 30 St. Andrew.
Dec. 8 Conception B. V. M.
Dec. 21 St. Thomas.
Dec. 25 Christmas.
Dec. 26 St. Stephen.
Dec. 27 St. John the Evange-
list.
Dec. 28 Holy Innocents.

EMBER DAYS.

Wednesday. "1 (1st Sunday in Lent Feb. 16. 18 and in

Friday \, .. J Pentecost May 18. 20 and 21

and fafter ^ Sept. 14 Sept. 21. 23 and 24

Saturday J (.Dec. 13 Dec. 14. 16 and 17

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

JEWISH OB HEBREW CALENDAR YEAR 5681-82 A. M.

The year 5681 is the 19th and last of the 299th cycle of 19 years a leap year. 2d Adar
or VeAdar, being: added, making 384 days.

, Month v

Year. No. Name. Day. Fast or festival.

5681.... 5..Sh'vat 1. .Rosh-Chodesh Monday -Wednesday, Jan. 10

5681.... 6. .Adar 1 ..Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday-Wednesday. Feb. 8-9

5681.... 7..2d Adar 1.. Rosh-Chodesh Thursday-Friday, March 10-11

5681.... 7..2d Adar 13.. Fast of Esther Wednesday, March 23

5681 7.. 2d Adar ...14-15.. Purim Thursday-Friday. March 24-25

5681 8.. Nissan 1 . . Rosh-Chodesh Saturday, April 9

5681 8. .Nissan 15. .1st day of Passover Saturday, April 2

5681 9..Iyar 1.. Rosh-Chodesh Sunday-Monday, May 8-9

9681.... 9..Iyar 18. .Lag B'Omer Thursday, May 26

5681.... 9..Iya.r 18.. 33d day of Omer Thursday, May 26

10..Sivan 1.. Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday, June 7

..10..Sivan
..ll..Tammuz
. .ll..Tammuz

..1st day of Pentecost Sunday, June 12

1 . .Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday-Thursday, July 6-7

.17. .Fast of Tammuz * Saturday, July 23

.12. .Av 1.. Rosh-Chodesh

Friday, Aug. 5

.12. .Av 9.. Fast of Av * Saturday, Aug. 13

.13..Ellul 1.. Rosh-Chodesh Saturday-Sunday, Sept. 3-4

. L.Tishri 1.. 1st day of New Year tMonday, Oct. 3

. L.Tishri 3.. Fast of Gedaliah Wednesday, Oct. 5

. L.Tishri lO..Yom-Kippur Wednesday, Oct. 12

. L.Tishri 15.. 1st day of Tabernacles : Monday, Oct. 17

. L.Tishri 2L.Hoshannah-Rabbah Sunday, Oct. 23

. L.Tishri 22..Sh'mini Atseres Monday, Oct. 24

. L.Tishri 23..Simchas-Torah Tuesday, Oct. 25

. 2..Che*van 1.. Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday-Wednesday, Nov. 1-2

. 3..Kislev L. Rosh-Chodesh Thursday-Friday, Dec. 1-2

. 3..Kislev 25.. 1st day of Chanukah Monday, Dec. 26

. 4..Tebet 1 ..Rosh-Chodesh Saturday-Sunday, Dec. 31 & Jan. 1, 1922

'Observed the following- day. t Begins at sunset Oct. 2.

MOHAMMEDAN CALENDARYEAR 1339-40.

The year 1339 is the 19th of the 45th cycle of 30 years and is a common year of 354 days,
as follows:

-Month-
Year. No. Name.

Begins.

Lasts
days.

1339.. 5..Jomhadi I Jan. 10 30

1339.. 6..Jomhadi II Feb. 9 29

1339.. 7..Rajeb March 10 30

1339.. 8..Sheban April 9 29

1339.. 9.. Ramadan (fast) .... May 8 30

1339..10..Schawall June 7 29

1339..1L.Dul-Kaeda July 6 30

-Month-
Year. 'No. Name.'

Begins.

Lasts
days.

1339..12..Dul-Heggia Aug. 5 29

1340.. L.Muharrem Sept. 3 30

1340.. 2..Saphar Oct. 3 29

J340.. 3..Rabia I Nov. 1 30

1340.. 4..Rabia II Dec. 1 29

1340.. 5..Jomhadi I Dec. 30 30

1340.. 6..Jomhadi n Jan. 29. 1922.

GREEK CHURCH CALENDAR, A. D. 1921 A. M. 8030.

New style. Holy days. Old style.

Jan. 7 Christmas Dec. 25, 1920
an. 14 Circumcision Ja.n. 1. 1921

Jan. 19 Epiphany Jan. 6

Jan. 30 Carnival Sunday Jan. 17

Feb. 9 Ash Wednesday Jan. 27

Feb. 13 First Sunday in Lent Jan. 31

Feb. 15 Hypopante (Purification) Feb. 2

Mar. 20 Palm Sunday March 7

Mar. 25 Great (Good) Friday March 12

Mar. 27 Holy Pasche (Easter) March 14

May 5 Ascension (Holy) Thursday .April 22

May 6 St. George April 23

May 16 Pentecost May 2

New style. Holy days. Old style.

June 12 Holy Ghost May 30

July 12 Peter & Paul. Chief Apostles. June 29

Aug. 19 Transfiguration Aug. 6

Aug. 28 Repose of Theotokos Aug. 15

Sept. 21 Nativity of The-otokos Sept. 8

Sept. 27 Exaltation of Theotokos Sept. 14

Oct. 14 Patronage of Theotokos Oct. 1

28 First day of Nativity Nov. 15

Nov
Dec.
Dec.

1 Entrance of Theotokos Nov. 21

;. 9

Conception of Theotokos Dec.

Jan. 7. 1922 Christmas Dec. 25

Jan. 14 Circumcision Jan. 1, 1922

THE PLANETS.

Morning 1 stars Mercury, April 1-10 and Nov.
15-20; Venus, after April 22; Mars, after June
29; Jupiter, after Sept. 22; Saturn, from Sept.
21 to Dec. 29.

Evening stars Mercury, Feb. 10-15 and Sept.
25 to Oct. 5; Venus, until April 22: Mars,
until June 29: Jupiter, until Sept. 22; Saturn,
until Sept 21 and after Dec. 29.

Brightest or best seen Mercury, within the
time limits given above when visible as a
morning or evening star; Venus, March 17-24
rnd May 24-31: Mars, at the beginning and
end of the year, but not then at his best;

Jupiter, in March: Saturn, in March: Uranus,
in August and September, and Neptune in
January anc". February.

Invisible or very dim Mercury, always ex-
cept as noted above. Venus, April 20-25:
Mars, June and July; Jupiter, in September:
Saturn, in September, and Uranus and Nep-
tune, always.

Note Venus. Mars. Jupiter and Saturn will
be very .near together in October and Venus
will leave the group in November.

All night stars Only Jupiter and Saturn will
shine all night and that in March

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

f &T&f8?:* tt - JANUARY, 1921.

349 17

DAY

WEEK.

Saturday,
SUNDAY
Monday .
Tuesday.
Wednes.
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Honday .

11 Tuesday.
~ Wednes..
Thursday
Friday....
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday..
Tuesday .
Wednes..
Thursday
~

22 Sat

urday.
SUNDAY
Monday..

Tuesday .

iVednes..

Thursday

Saturday.
SUNDAY
Vlonday..

MOON'S
PLACE

7P.M.
E. 8. T.

SUN AT

NOON
MARK.

Mean
Time.
Slow.

MOON
IN
ME-
RID-
IAN.

Morn.

[owa, Neb., Wyo.,

Ore., N.Mo., Ohio

Pa., N. J., Mass.

Oonn., R. I.

Sun
rises.

725

717
716

715
715

456

Moon
rises
and
sets.

3. 111., Ind., Kas.

Okla., Col., Utah

Cal., Ky., Va.,

Md., Del.

Sun

Pi!

Sun

Moon
rises
and
sets.

rises

:. .Paul, Mich..
Wis., Minn.,N.D.,

S. D., Mont., N.

Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.

Sun
rises

739

737
737
737

735
735
734
734
733
732
731

728
727
726
725
724
724

722

429
430
431

437
438
439
440
441
442

450

452
454
55
56
57
58
59

Moon
rises
and
sets.

. M.
18
123
226
326

927

1029

1181

morn

142

45
55
rises
62
78

10 3

11 8

morn

FEBRUARY, 1921.

FuU Moon, 22d.

New York, Chicago
[owa. Neb., Wyo.
3re., N.Mo.. Ohio
Pa., N. J., Mass.
Conn., R. I.

638

St. IjOUlS, H. MO.,

S. 111., Ind., Kas.,

Okla., Col., Utah

Cal.. Ky., Va.,

Md., Del.

at. Jfaul, Mich..
Wis., Minn..N.D.,

S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt.. N. H.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Last Quar., 1, 31. o^ ur**,
New MooA, 9th. 3d Month -

MARCH, 1921.

31 DJLVB * First Q uar " 16th '
31 Days. @ Full Moon 23d.

_\>\y York, Chicago,

St. Louis, S. Mo.,

St. Paul, Mich.,

-5

MOON'S

Iowa, Neb., Wvo.,

S. 111., lud., Kas.,

\Vis..Minn..X.D..

1
H

w
H

DA v

PLACE

7 P.M.

SUN AT

NOON

MOON

Ore., \..\lo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,

Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Ky., Va.,

S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.

E. 8. T.

MA UK.

ME-

Conn., R. I.

Md., Del.

N. Y.. Vt..N.H.

fe
o

WEEK.

RID-

Moon

Tin?"

IAN.

Sun

rises.

Sun

sets.

rises
and

Sun
rises.

Sun
sets.

rises
and

Sun

rises.

Sun
sets.

rises
and

a_B %

Slow.

Morn.

sets.

02 ft

H. M. 8.

H. M.

H. SI.

-too

Tuesday..

m *16

12 12 31

556

636

632

554

639

648

1 3

til

305

Wednes...

" "28

12 12 19

645

635

5 51

142

631

5 55

138

638

1 55

f'2

-504

Thursday

* *> 10

2 12 6

733

634

553

230

630

225

636

5 50

243

303

Friday...

" " 21

2 11 53

820

632

312

628

5 57

3 8

634

5 52

324

Saturday.

-5-3

2 11 40

9 6

630

556

349

626

5 58

345

632

5 53

t55

301

SUNDAY

" " 15

2 11 26

9 51

628

557

427

624

559

424

630

5 55

436

300

VIonday...

" 27

2 11 12

1036

626

568

623

468

628

556

6 6

Tuesday..

< XW

2 10 57

1120

624

559

530

621

529

627

557

534

t>8

298

Wednes..

" 22

2 10 42

ev. 4

622

sets

625

658

sets

J97
296
296

10
11

Thursday
Friday ...
Saturday.

X T 4

" ft

12 10 11

if!

222

620
6 18
6 17

714
815
916

6 18
617
616

914

623
621
6 19

6 3

III

SUNDAY

T V 13

O Q QO

312

615

6 6

10 18

614

1015

617

6 4

1028

?Q3

Monday..

.. i. 27

2 o 22

4 4

613

6 7

1121

613

1117

6 15

6 6

1132

)<)*>

Tuesday..

tf K 10

29 5

459

611

6 7

morn

612

6 7

morn

613

6 6

morn

>q j

Wednes. .

" " 24

2 8 48

656

610

6 8

610

6 8

611

290

Thursday

K 8

2 8 31

653

6 9

1 ^o

6 9

116

6 9

1 33

289

Friday....

" " 22

2 8 13

761

6 7

2 13

6 6

2 9

6 7

225

78
79

288
287

19
20

Saturday
SUNDAY

fl 7
" ' 22

2 7 66
12 7 38

jl!

6 5

6 4

3 2
346

6 3

6 1
6 2

258
343

6 6
6 3

611

312
364

280

Monday ..

flTTP 6

12 7 20

6 2

6 3

425

6 2

434

( 13

430

_'*.->

Tuesday..

.. ., 21

12 7 2

1 1 30

6 4

5 2

6 1

6 4

5 1

615

5 4

82
83

84
85

J*4
283
282
281

23
24
25
26

Wednes . .
Thursday
Friday....
Saturday.

TB> - 5

" " 19
^ ni 3

12 6 43
12 6 25
12 6 7
2 6 48

morn
22

J 1 *

558
556
554
553

6 6
617
619

rises
729
8 35
9 39

6
559
557
555

617
618

rises
727
832
936

558
556
555
552

616
617
619
620

rises
734
843
949

280

SUNDAY

" " 29

2 6 30

256

552

620

1038

552

619

1034

550

1050

279

Monday ..

m * 11

347

551

621

1132

550

620

1128

548

6 22

11 45

278

Tuesday..

" " 24

2 4 53

437

560

622

morn

549

621

morn

546

6 24

morn

277

Wednes..

, 6

2 4 35

626

548

624

548

622

544

626

270

Pluirsdn v

2 4 16

6 14

5 40

625

1 8

546

623

1 4

5 43

627

121

New Moon, 7th. ... ..,,

First Quar., 15th. 4th Month.

1 Q71
I Ml.

SO Davn
30 Days,

Ful1 Moon, 22d.
Last Q uar ., 2 9th.

New York, Chicago,

St. L<ouis, b. Mo.,

M
P

H
f.

DAY

MOON'S
PLACE

7 P.M.
E. S.T.

SUN AT

NOON
MARK.

MOON

ME-

[owa, Neb., Wyo.,
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio.
Pa., N. J., Mass..
Conn., R. I.

S. 111.. Ind., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal., Kj'., Va.,
Md., Del.

Wis., Minn.,N.D f .
S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt.. N. H.

WEEK.

RID-

Moon

Mean

IAN.

Sun

rises

Sun

Bun

rises

Sun

rises

p ti

Time.

rises.

sets.

and

rises.

sets.

and

rises.

sets.

and

| I

Slow.

Morn.

sets.

Rets.

sets.

U 02 M

H. M. 8.

H. M.

91
92

275
274

Friday....
Saturday.

f -5 30

* - 11

12 8 58
12 3 40

544
543

149
225

545

543

145
2 22

542
540

2
235

273

3 SUN DAY

" " 23

12 3 22

830

541

6 28

258

542

6 26

538

630

3 6

272

Monday ..

- X 6

12 3 5

914

5 39

629

330

540

626

3 *^0

536

631

335

'21 \

Tuesday..

" " 18

12 2 47

959

537

630

4 1

539

627

534

632

4 3

270

Wednes..

" "30

12 2 30

1043

535

631

431

537

628

431

532

634

431

20!)

Thursday

X T 13

1129

533

682

6 3

536

629

5 3

530

635

"<;<

Friday....

" " 26

12 1 56

ev.17

531

sets

534

sets

528

636

sets

99
100

'JOT
200

9
10

Saturday
SUNDAY

T W 10
" " 23

12 1 23

529
527

ill

lit

533
531

632

tig

526
524

II!

101

102

205
2(54

112

Monday.
Tuesday.

tf 7
" " 21

12 1 7
12 51

If!

526
524

el?

529
528

634

5 23
521

641

1029
1127

263

Wednes..

v 5

12 35

449

523

638

morn

5 26

635

morn

519

642

morn

202

Thursdaj

** ** JC

12 20

546

521

639

5 25

636

518

643

261

Friday...

fl 3

Fast.

642

520

640

523

636

517

645

1 11

200

Saturday

11 59 50

736

519

642

1 44

522

637

1 41

515

646

153

H'-' 1 '

SUNDAY

flnp s

11 59 36

829

517

643

223

521

638

221

513

230

257

18
19
20

Monday
Tuesday.
Wednes..

" " 10
" "30

np = 14

11 59 22
11 59 9
11 58 55

921

5 16

ill

644
645
646

3 1
3 36
411

519
5 18
517

639
640
641

3
335
411

511

i 7 9

649

3 5
336

4 8

111

;;'-r

Thursday

" " 27

11 68 43

1153

510

647

447

5 16

642

448

5 4

653

442

112

254

Friday...

= m 11

11 58 30

morn

5 9

648

rises

515

642

rises

5 2

654

rises

113

253

Saturday

- ' 24

11 58 19

5 7

649

824

514

643

820

656

835

114
115
116

252
251
250
249

24
25
26

SUNDAY
Monday.
Tuesday.
Wednes.

m. F 1
" " IE

" " 14

11 58 7
11 57 56
11 57 40
11 67 36

136
227

4 6

6 5
5 4
5 3
5 2

650
652
653

921
1014

11 A

513
511
5 9
5 7

644
645

ill

917
1010

Htt

459
458

934

11 55

118

24 8

_>s

Thursdaj

" " 26

11 57 27

453

6 55

morn

5 5

647

morn

454

7 1

morn

119

247

Friday. .

11 57 18

539

459

6 56

5 4

649

452

7 8

120

240

:30

Saturday

" " 19

11 57 9

624

457

667

5 8

650

450

7 4

1 7

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

New Moon, 7th.
i First Quar., 14th.

,, MAY 1 Q91 ai T~

6th Month. 1V1A I , 1VZ1. 81 Days.

Full Moon, 21st.
Last Quar, 29th.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

JULY, 1921. 31 Day,.

Full Moon, 19th.
Last Quaf ^ 2?th

MOON'S

Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,

S. 111., Ind., Kas.,

Vis., Minn.,N.D.,

a
H

DAT

PLACE

7 P. M.

E. 8 T.

SUN AT

NOON
MAKK.

MOON
IN

ME-

Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.

Okla., Col., Utah,
Cal.. Ky., Va.,
Md., Del.

S. D., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.

fc<

WEEK

RID-

Moon

Mean

IAN.

Sun

rises

Sun

rises

Sun

rises

a P U

Time.

rises.

sets.

and

rises.

sets.

and

rises.

sets.

and

ill

Slow

Morn.

sets.

182

183

Friday....
taturday.

T V 21
V K 5

I. M. 8

12 3 34
12 3 45

H. M.

816
911

a. M.
427
428

H. M.

?Jo

H. M.
112
156

a. M.
440
440

H. M.

727
727

H. M.
115

H. M.
416
4 17

H. M.

751

H. M.
1 2
145

182

UN DAY

' " 20

12 3 57

10 9

429

740

248

441

727

252

418

7 51

235

LH5

181

Monday ..

H e s

12 4 8

11 10

429

740

345

441

727

349

4 19

7 51

8 31

it?

180

Tuesday..
Wednes..

" " 20

@ ? 5

12 4 18
12 4 29

430
431

740
789

sets
817

442
443

727
726

sets
8 14

419
420

?I5

Bets
8 26

L91
192

178

}?J

175
174

7
8
9
10
11

Thui'sday
Friday.. :
Saturday.
SUNDAY
Monday ..

" " 20

GUP 5
" " 19

12 4 39
12 4 48
12 4 58

12 5 15

211

452
542

432
432
433
433
434

739
739
738
738
737

9
941
1017

444
444
445
446
446

726
726
725
725
724

III
KIZ

1129

421
421
422
422
423

750
750
749
748
748

193
194

173
172

12
13'

Tuesday .
Wednes...

" " 30

-m is

12 5 23
12 5 80

631

435
435

ttl

morn
3

447
447

724

morn
6

424
424

747

11 56
morn

195

171

Thursday

" 26

12 5 37

810

436

736

448

7 23

425

7 46

196

170

Friday....

m f 8

12 5 44

4 36

735

1 19

449

7 23

123

426

7 45

1 8

169

Saturday

" ' 21

12 5 49

437

734

2 4

450

722

2 8

427

7 44

168

SUNDAY

y * 3

12 5 55

1038

438

734

252

451

721

256

428

743

o QQ

167

Monday.

" " 15

12 6

11 25

439

733

343

451

721

347

429

742

o on

:00

166

Tuesday

" "28

morn

439

733

rises

452

720

rises

430

741

rises

165

Wednes.

* - 9

440

733

453

720

431

740

202

164

Thursday

" " 21

441

7 31

8 5

454

719

8 3

432

739

R 1 2

203

163

Friday ..

- X 3

141

442

7 30

454

719

8 33

433

788

A OQ

204
205

162
161

Saturday
SUNDAY

" " 14
" " 26

224
3 6

443
444

728

933

455
456

933

434
435

787
736

932

206
207

160
159

25
26

Monday ..
Tuesday..

K T 8
" " 21

18
19

349
433

445
446

727
726

1014
1036

457

458

III

10 13

436
437

735
734

1017
10 31

208

168

Wednes..

T V 3

12 6 19

619

4 7

725

11 10

459

714

1112

438

733

11 2

209

157

Thursday

" " 16

12 6 18

6 7

448

724

1150

459

713

11 53

439

782

]140

310

156

Friday....

" 30

12 6 17

659

449

723

morn

712

morn

440

731

morn

211

155

Saturday.

V K 14

12 6 15

753

450

722

712

441

780

212

154

SUNDAY

" " 28

12 6 12

851

451

721

128

5 1

711

133

442

730

115

New Moon,
First Quar., 10th.

3d. gth Month AITfllTST
th. 8th Montn ' AUOUO 1 ,

81 Davs Full Moon, 18th.
31 Days. < Last Q uar ., 26th.

morn
23
1 6
149
232

I 1 *

if t

639
736
835
934
1O33

*ew York, Chicago,

owa, Neb., Wyo.,

Dre., N.Mo., Ohio,

., N. J., Mass.,

Conn., R. I.

Sun

452
453
454
454

457
459
5
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4

511
512
513
514
5 15
5 16
517
518
520
521
522
5 93

Sun

719
718
717
716

655
653
651
650

Moon
rises
and
sets.

t. Lrf)UlS, S. MO.,

5. 111., Ind., Kas.,

Okla., Col., Utah,

Cal., Ky., Va.,

Md., Del.

Sun

5 2

Sun

Moon
rises
and
sets.

St. Paul, Mich.,
Vis., Minn..N.D.,
S. I)., Mont., N.
Idaho, Wash., N.
. Y., Vt., N. H.

Sun
rises.

H, M.

443
444
445
446

iil

450
451
453
454
455
456
458
459
5
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 6
5 6

5 9

510
511
512
5 14
516
517
518

Sun

sets

H. M,

729
727
725
724
722
720

511

715

714
713
712

7 6

656
654
652

643

<? ai

Moon

rises
and

sets.

H. M.
218
325
439
sets
815
848

11 50

morn

127

412

rises

712

737

1019

11 5

morn

ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1921.

9th Month. SEPTEMBER, 1 921 . 30 D ays .

Full Moon, 17th.
Last Quar., 24th.

>wa, Neb., Wyo.,
., Ohio,

. 111., Ind., Kas.

>kla., Col., Utah

Cal., Ky., Va.,

Md.. Del.

.is., Minn.,N.D.,

S. D., Mont., N.

dalio, Wash., N.

Y.. Vt.. N. H

ICON'S
LACE

1 P. M.
E. S. T.

re., N.Mo., ,

a.. N. J.. Mass..

SUN AT
NOON
MARK.

Moon
Sun Sun rises
ses. sets, and

Moon
rises
and
sets.

hursday
riday...
aturday
UNDAY

549
550
551
552
553
554
555

5 49
550

r> f > 1
5 f.'J
5 53
5 r.4

:- *-> OCTOBER, 1921.

Full Moon, 16th.
Last Quar., 23d.

owa, Neb., wyo..
)re., N.Mo., Ohio,
a., N. J., Mass..
Conn., R.

!. 111., Ind., Kas..

)kla., Col., Utab.

Cal., Ky., Va.,

Md., Del.

Minn.,N.D.,

, Mont., N.

, Wash., N.

Vt.. N. H.

MOON'S

LACE
P.M.

E. 8. X.

SUN AT

NOON
MA UK.

H. M.

1158

ev.52

145

uesday
Wednes.
Thursdaj

610

612

613

614

6 16

617

618

619

621

622

624

625

627

628

630

631

632

633

634

Saturday
SUNDAY

Friday..
Saturda
SUNDA

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

8 S

"*** NOVEMBER, 1921. .$

319 47

320 46
45

44
43
42

39
:<<
37
36
35
:u
S3

305

310
311
312
313
314
315
316

326
327

328
329

29 T

DAT
OF

WEEK.

Tuesday..
Wednes..
Thursday
Friday...,
Saturday
SUN DAY
Monday .
Tuesday.
Wednes.
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday

13 SUNDAY

14 Monday.

15 Tuesday

Wednes

Thursday

Friday...

19 Saturday

20 SUNDAY
Monday.

22 Tuesday.

23 Wednes.

24 Thursday

Friday...

26 Saturday

27 SUNDAY
Monday .

uesday.
Wednes.

MOON'S

PLACE

7 P. M.

E. S. T.

ni r 5
" " 18i

" * 13 1

- X 1
" 13

' 25
X T 7
" " 19
T W 2
.. .. 15

" 29

Sl'N AT

NOON
MARK.

Mean
Time.
Fast.

MOON

ME-

RII>
IAN.

Eve.

Iowa, Neb., Wyo.,

On-., X.Mo., Ohio,

Pa., N. J., Mass..

Conn., R. I.

Sun I Sun
rises., sets

652
654

438
438
437

431

Moon
nets

and

rls<>s.

seta

S. 111., Ind., Kas.,

Okla., Col., Utah,

Cal., Ky., Va.,

Md., Del.

Moon
Sun Sun sets
rises, sets.

632

6 56

455

442
442

757

Vis., Minn.,N.D..
S. D.. Mout., N.
daho, Wash., N.
9. Y., Vt.. N. H.

Sun
ises.

638
639
40
41
42
644
645
646
647
648
650
652
653
655
656
658
659
7

7 6
7 7
7 8
710
711
712
713
714
7 15

Sun

449
448
447
445

441
440
439
438
436
435

431
430
430
429
428
427

422

421

Moon

sets

and

rises.

H. M.
616
7 3
754

t!S
Hfl

morn
40
138
238
339
440
543

11 5

morn

127

235

345

7 2
sets

3 First Quar., 7th. 12t h M onth
Full Moon, 14th. 12th Montn -

1 Q21 91 Davs Last Q uar -> 21 st.
, ItWl. 31 Days. @

New Moon> 29th

i 1 MONTH.

DAY

MOON'S

PLACE
7 P.M.

E. S. T.

BUN AT

NOON
MA UK.

MOON
IN

ME-

IN ew York, Chicago,
owa, Neb., Wyo..
Ore., N.Mo., Ohio,
Pa., N. J., Mass.,
Conn., R. I.

St. Louis, S. Mo.,
S. 111., Ind., Kas.,
Okla., Col., Utah
Cal.. Ky., Va..
Md., Del.

St. Paul, Mich.,
Wls., Minn.,N.D.,
S. D., Mont., N.

daho, Wash., N.
N. Y., Vt., N. H.

WEEK.

RID-

Moon

Mean

IAN.

Sun

sets

Sun

sets

Sun

sets

gbi

Time.

ises.

sets.

and

ises.

sets.

and

ises.

sets.

and

v ~ Si.

Fast.

Eve.

rises.

U CQ O

H. M. 8.

H. M.

H M

I M

H M

J ]yj

H M

B M

ssf!

Thursday
Friday....

f * 8
" " 21

11 49 6
11 49 29

142
232

7 7
7 8

431

648
744

657

658

441
441

652
748

716'
717

421

420

636
733

387

Saturday.

*C 3

11 49 52

320

7 9

4 30

841

659

441

844

718

420

831

33H

SUNDAY

* ** 1(3

11 50 16

4 5

7 10

4 30

9 36

4 41

7 19

4 19

9 29

lie

5
6

Monday..
Tuesday..

" " 27
- X 9

11 50 41
11 51 6

711
7 12

429

7 1
7 2

1033
11 80

720
7 22

419

1026
11 26

341

25
22

7
B

ii!

Wednes. .
Thursday
Friday....
Saturday

" " 20

11 51 32
11 51 58
11 52 25
11 52 52

715
716

429
429

morn
25
121
220

7 3

441
441

morn
25
121
218

723
724

?li

morn
24
123
225

3-li
347
348
34<

21
20
19
IS
17

11
12
13
14
16

SUNDAY

Monday .
Tuesday.
Wednes.
Thursday

T W 10
" " 2.-

V K '

" " 21
H e 6

11 53 19
11 53 47
11 54 15
11 54 43
11 55 12

10 9
11 4

morn

717
718
719
7 20
721

4 29

318
420
523
rises
5 39

7 6
7 7
7 8
7 9
7 9

441
441
442
442
442

316
417
519
rises
543

727
728
729
730
731

19
19
19
20

III

534
rises
5 26

3f>(

It!

it;

Friday...

" " 2(

11 55 41

721

1 30

643

710

443

647

732

631

35f

?r-

^7
|g

20
21

22
23

Saturday
SUNDAY
Monday.
Tuesday
Wednes.
Thursday
Friday...

np 4 = :

" " 2f

11 56 10
11 56 40
11 57 9
11 57 39
11 58 9
1 1 58 39
11 59 9

1 59

ill

628
719

721
722

724
724

724

431
431
432

1012
11 19

morn
25
1 31

710
7U
712
712
713

443
443
444
444
444
445
4 45

755
9 4
1013
1119
morn
25
130

732
733
734
734
735
735
736

421
421
421
422

743
855
10 9
1118
morn

Saturday

^n\ 13

11 59 39

8 9

725

4 34

714

4 46

736

4 24

243

35J

SUNDAY

II .. o'

slow.

725

4 35

714

4 46

3 *36

737

4 25

349

860

Monday.

ni y

12 39

952

726

435

440

715

447

4 36

737

4 26

451

362
361

B
4

27
2S
29
30
31

Tuesday
Wednes .
Thursday
Friday...
Saturday

y -c <

" " 17

29
>5 - 11

12 1 8
I 1 38
12 2 7
12 2 37
12 3 6

1043
1135
ev.25
1 13
2

726

727
7 28

436
437
438
438
4 39

537
638
sets
628

715
715
716
716

448
449
460
451

533
633
sets
632

737
738
738
739

426
427
428

S3?

550
6 51

7 17

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR

CALENDARS FOR THE YEARS 1922 TO 1925.

1922.

923.

1924.

1925.

.-4

o S

~T.

~f.

'f-

*% r>

'tZ

JAN...

.. 1

3| 4

;

JAN...

[J-

7 8

,">

.'()

14 15

21;

2f,

21 22

<r\

2f>

ii)

28 28

FEB...

lij

FEB...

4 5

i"i

FEB...

1C,

1 ? 5

1(5

11 12

it;

1819

1C,

2t;

25 2b

MAR. .

MAR...

..j

MAR...

3 4

(]

MAR...

1C,

1011

IJJ

2:'

'"1

17 18

2ti

2:.

21 i

2425

APRIL

31 ..

:;o

' (t

APRIL

.. 1

APRIL

7 8

(

1(1

,'(

14 15

18 19

If.

21 22

252(,

.'(

2:;

28 '29

MAY..

;

MAY.. .

MAY...

'5 b

12 13

it;

1920

.-"..'

2<-

','.'

2627

JUNE.

()

JUNE.-.

2 [

K-

9 K

JUNE.

16 17

2(1

*J*

!.->

'27

2324

If,

30 ..

JULY..

JULY.

JULY..

.. 1

;

1C,

7 8

(

JULY..

J-

2;;

2',

14 15

21 22

1C,

'.'I

28 29

AUG...

(

AUG... v

AUG..

i
8

5
12

12
11

It
2;

4 5
11 12

'(
13

8
15

AUG...

lo
20

15 It

22 2:

18
2,-

1!
21

18 19
25 2b

2(
27

21
28

22
29

:,l

9
If,

10
17

12
19

13
20

14
21

15
22

2,^

SEPT..

24
31

SEPT.

t
i:
2(

3
10
17
24

1
2o

5
12
1!
2(

(>
13
20
27

21
28

\,
2'
2-

SEPT..

8 (
15 Ib

K
17
24

4
U

IS
25

5
12
111
26

6
13
it
27

SEPT..

6
13

1
8
15

9
1C,

3
10
17

12
19

2(5

29 30

'25

OCT...

1
It

17
24

11
IS
2-

I'-
ll
2t

t
i:

20
27

OCT...

21
2S

8
15
22

li
K
30

10
17
24

4
11
If

11
2t

21
2

OCT... L

It
26

7
13 14
2021
27 28

1
8

it;

23
30

3
10
17
24
31

OCT....

4
11

12
19

6
13

2(1

'7
14
21

8
15

2
9

16
23

17
24

NOV...

1'2
11
2t

'('
13
.'
27

NOV...

11
18
25

'5
12
19

21
28

8
15

2-_
29

2;
30

NOV

<
Ib
23
30

10 11
17 18
2425

'5
12
11

13
27

8
15

22
21

NOV...

8
15
22
29

9
16
23

10
17
24

4
11

is
25

'29

5
12

19
26

20
27

14
21

8
1;
2:
21

1
3(

10
17

18
25

DEC...

DEC

1 2

DEC...

8 9

15 Ib

-'(

it;

2ti

9Q 2^

)]

2930

River. Miles.

Mississippi-Mo. . .4,194

Nile 3.670

Amazon 3,300

Ob 3,235

LONGEST RIVERS IN THE WORLD.

River. Miles. , River. Miles. , River. Miles.

Yangtze 3.000 Amur 2.700 Votea 2.325

La Plata 2,950 Mekong- 2,600 Hwangrho 2,300

Lena

2.860 Nig-er 2,600 Yukon

.2,050

Konero '. . ..... .. .21800 I Yenesei '.'.'.'.'.'. '. !!2!500 I Colorado".'..'.'.'. .'.'2,'000

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

A READY-REFERENCE CALENDAR.

For ascertaining' any day of the week lor any given time within two hundred years from the
introduction of the New Style. *1752 to 1952 inclusive.

YEARS 1753 TO 1952.

9 *

15 hi

& 3*

aldi

1761 I 1767 \ 1778
1801 1807 1818

1789
1829

1795
1835

1846 1857
I 1903

1863 1874
1914 | 1925

1891
1942

477351

1762 I 1773 I 1779
1802 1813 1819

1790
1S30

1841

1847 1858
I 1909

1869 1875 1886
1915 | 1926 1937

1897
1943

351

1757 i 1763
1803 1814

1774
1825

1785
1831

1791
1842

1853 1859
I 1910

1870 1881 1887
1921 1 1927 1 1938

1898
1949

7 35 1

462

1754 1765
1805 1811

1771
1

1782
1833

1793
1839

1799 I
1850 1861
1901 1907

1867 1878 1889
1918 1 1929 1 1935

1895
1946

5 13614725

1755

ixou

1777
1823

755 i 1766 i
806 1817

1758 1769 I 1775

1794
1845

1851 1 1862
1902 1 1913

1873 1879 1890
1919 1930 1 1941

1947

6247

513

1809 1815 1826

1786
1837

1797
1843

1854 1865
1905 1911

1871 1882
1922 1 1933

1893
1939

1899
1950

733814

257

1770

1827

1781
1838

1787
1849

1877 1883 1894
1917 1923 1934

1900
1945
1951

4 7

2 5

7 3

6 1

LEAP YEARS.

1764

1792

1804

1832

1860

1888 I 1928 |7|3|4|7|2|5|7|3|6I1|4|6

1768

1796

1808

1836

1864

1892

1904 1932 |5|1|2|5|7|3|5|1|4|6|2|4

1772

1812

1840

1868

1896

1908

1936 I 3 I 6 I 7 1 3 1 5 I 1 I 3 | 6 1 2 | 4 | 7 1 2

1776

1816

1844

1872

1912

1940 1|4|5|1|3|6|1I4|7|2|5|7

1780

1820 | 1848

1876

| 1916

1944 | 6 | 2 I 3 | 6 I 1 4 6 ! 2 1 5 | 7 I 3 I 5

1824 | 1852

1880

| 1920

1948 |4I7|1|4|6|2|4|7|3|5IU8

1760

1828 | 1856

1924 i 1952 |2I5|6|2|4|7|2|5|1|3|6|1

Monday... 1 Tuesday... 1
Tuesday... 2 Wednesday

Wednesday 3 Thursday . 3

Thursday . 4 Friday 4

5 Saturday.. 5

6 SUNDAY . 6

7 Monday..

Friday ----
Saturday..
SUNDAY .
Monday..

Wednesday 1 Thursday . 1
2 Thursday . 2 Friday.... 2
Friday... . 3 Saturday.. 3
Saturday.. 4 SUNDAY . 4
SUNDAY . 5 Monday. . . 5
Monday... 6 Tuesday... 6

Tuesday... 9

8 Tuesday... 8

Tuesday... 7 i Wednesday 7

Wednesday 10 Thursday . 10

Wednesday 8 [Thursday .
Wednesday 9 Thursday . 9 Friday. . . .

Thursday .11
Friday.... 12
Saturday.. 13
SUNDAY. 14
Monday... 15
Tuesday ...16
Wednesday 17
Thursday .18
Friday ____ 19
Saturday. .20
SUNDAY . 21

Friday.... 11

Tuesday... 23
Wednesday24
Thursday . 25
Friday ---- 26
Saturday.. 2 7
SUNDAY . 28
Monday... 29
Tuesday.. .30
Wednesday31

SUNDAY . 13
Monday. . . 14
Tuesday ...15
Wednesday 16
Thursday .17
Friday ____ 18
Saturday.. 19
SUNDAY . 20
Monday... 21
Tuesday ...22
Wednesday23
Thursday.. 24
Friday ____ 25
Saturday.. 26
SUNDAY. 27
Monday.. .28
Tuesday ...29
Wednesday30
Thursday .31

Friday. ...
Saturday..
SUNDAY .
VIonday..

Friday... .10 Saturday ..10

Saturday.. 11
SUNDAY . 12
Monday... 13
Tuesday... 14
Wednesday 15

Thursday
Friday

SUNDAY. 11
Monday... 12
Tuesday... 13
Wednesday 14
Thursday
Friday...

Saturday.. 18

SUNDAY
Monday..

Wednesday22
Thursday . 23

Saturday.. 25
SUNDAY . 26
Monday... 27

Wednesday29
Thursday . 30
Friday.. . .31

Tuesday... 5
Wednesday 6
Thursday . 7
8
9
10
11

Saturday.. 17
18
19

SUNDAY
Monday..
Tuesday ...20
Wednesday21
Thursday .22
Friday.. . .23
Saturday.. 24
SUNDAY . 25
Monday... 26
Tuesday ...27
Wednesday!^
Thursday . 29
Friday.. . .30
Saturday.. 31

1 Saturday . . 1

2 SUNDAY . 2

3 i Monday... 3

4 Tuesday... 4

Friday
Saturday..
SUNDAY
Monday..

Tuesday.. .12
Wednesday 13
Thursday . 14
Friday ____ 15
Saturday.. 16
SUNDAY. 17
Monday... 18
Tuesday.. .19
Wednesday20
Thursday . 21
Friday.. . .22
Saturday.. 23
SUNDAY. 24
Monday.. .25
Tuesday ...2 6
Wednesday27
Thursday. .28
Friday ____ 29
Saturday.. 30
SUNDAY. 31

Wednesday 5
Thursday . 6
Friday. ... 7
Saturday.. 8
SUNDAY. 9
Monday.. .10
Tuesday ...11
Wednesdayl2
Thursday . 13
Friday ____ 14
Saturday.. 15
SUNDAY . 16
Monday. . .17
Tuesday ...18
Wednesdayl9
Thursday . 20

SUNDAY .
Monday.. .
Tuesday...
Wednesday
Thursday .
Friday... .
Saturday..
SUNDAY .
Monday.. .
Tuesday... 10
Wednesday 11
Thursday . 12
Friday.... 13
Saturday.. 14
SUNDAY . 15
Monday... 16
Tuesday... 17
WednesdaylS

Thursday
Friday

Friday.. . .21 Saturday .

Saturday.. 22
SUNDAY. 23

SUNDAY
Monday.

20
> i

'23
23

Monday... 24 Tuesday... 24
Tuesday ... 25 Wednesday 25
Wednesday26 (Thursday .26
Thursday .27 Friday.. . .27

Friday 28lSaturday..28

Saturday . .29 ! SUNDAY . 29
SUNDAY.30|Monday...3
Monday.. .31 Tuesday

..30
...31

Note To ascertain any day of the week
first look in the table for the year required
and under the months are figures which refer
to the corresponding figures at the head of
the columns of days below. For example:
To know on what day of the week July 4 was
in the year 1895, in the table of years look
for 1895, and in a parallel line, under July,

is figure 1, which directs to column 1, in
which it will be seen that July 4 falls on
Thursday.

*1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2.
From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780
(Sept. 3-13 were omitted) .This Calendar is
from Whitaker's London Almanack, with some
revisions.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

CHART OF THE HEAVENS.

. .

***
fM3S^

Scale of Magnitudes.

Explanation : The chart of the heavens shows
all the brig-ht stars and groups visible in the
United States, Canada. Cuba and Hawaii. Stars
pf the third magnitude are sometimes shown
in order to complete a fig-ure.

If a brig-ht. uncharted body be seen near
the "ecliptic circle" it must be a planet. To
locate the planets or moon refer to the
monthly calendar pag-es in this almanac, find
the proper signs on the chart in the "ecliptic
circle" and an inspection of that part of the
heavens comparing- with the chart will serve
to identify the planet and all surrounding- ob-
jects.

Because of the earth's motion from west to
east (opposite to the direction of the arrow
in the chart), the stars rise 4 m. earlier each
day or 30 m. per week or 2 hrs. a month.
The chart shows the position at 9 p. m. Then

if the position for any other hour be desired,
as for 7 p. m., count ahead one month, or
back one month for 11 p. m., and so on for
any hour of the nig-frl, holding- the month de-
sired in front as the face looks either to the
north or south with name down.

A circle described from the zenith on the
"zenith circle" for the desired latitude with a
radius of 90 degrees (see graduated meridian)
will show what stars are above the horizon.
Thus Capella is near the overhead (zenith)
point on latitude 40 degrees north Jan. 15.
9 p. m.. as will be "big 1 dipper" at 3 a. m.
Then from Capella or two stars all the sur-
rounding- visible groups can be identified. The
"pointers," being- 5 degrees apart and always
in sig-ht, may be used as a convenient unit of
measure: also when visible, the "belt of
Orion." 3 degrees, or the sides of the "square
of Peg-asus."

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

POSITIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, 1921.

SATUKN.b

DATE.

Dec

Note The above table is in mean local time
and should be corrected for the standard time
of the zone of the observer.* The first column
of each division shows the position of the
planet on the "Ecliptic Circle" as indicated by
the Roman numerals and fractions. Example:
Required the position of Venus July 1, when
her right ascension, as given above, is III Ms
hours, which point, when found on the margin
of the Chart of the Heavens and connected
by a straight line with North 1 Pole Star, in-

tersects the Ecliptic Circle very near the Plei-
ades, where Venus will be at that time.

*This is done by applying the difference of
time longitude (lh = 15 or 4m = l) by add-
ing, if W. of the meridian of the observer's
time zone meridian, or subtracting-, if E. of
same. Examples: Chicago being 2% E. of
the 90th meridian, 10m. must be subtracted,
for New York city. 1 E.. 4m., and for New
Orleans no correction, being- on the 90th me-
ridian.

POSITION OF THE MOON AND PLANETS FOR SUNDAYS OF THE YEAR.*,

PLANET.

Jan.

Fel>.

March

Apr.

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Apogee

i-2e

' 27

1-29

1-2S,

3-SO

Highest <=)

3-3C

14t

Venus 9

7 H

9 f {

4-~

Mars d 1

lf>0

18 K

20 ti

13X
20 S)

10T
17ft

8tf
19 f)

12tf
17 O

10H
17C

.148
21 ft

IS ft

9ft

iiinp

13itf
~0rop

nnp
isiip

Saturn b

23 ?

270

27 O

24 a

2'.if)

2ft

24 a

28ft

25ft

23 np

27 pp

1> 5W

Uranus

SU-

29-

31-

30-

*Lowest of the year or 57 lower than
when highest in December tHighest of the
year or 57 higher than when lowest in June.

Note For Pacific coast points, correspond-
ing to the three zones of latitude given in the
calendar pages, add (j minutes to moon's risang
and setting, or add 2 minutes for each hour
of longitude west of Washington

EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS.
T Aries. ft Leo. ^ Sagittarius.

Taurus. up Virgo. Capncornus

K Gemini. = Libra. - Aquarius.

Cajicer. n\ Scorpio. X Pisces.

The place indicated is for the constellation
in which the planet named is situated on the

1st. 2d, 3d. 4th and 5th Sundays of the
month, in the order of the planets named. The
sign is one constellation back thus, T is the
first sig>n, but x is the first constellation.

HUNTER'S AND HARVEST MOON.

The full moon nearest to Sept. 21 is popu-
larly known as the "harvest moon." This is
because the moon then rises for several con-
secutive evenings at nearly the same hour,
giving an unusual number of moonlight eve-
nings. This is the most noticeable in the
higher latitudes and quite disappears at the
equator. The "hunter's moon" is the first full
moon following the harvest moon.

ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1921.

SIDEREAL NOON OR MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX.

For use in connection with the star table. See note under same.

Day.

Feb.

March

April.

H. M.

11 23
11 19
11 15
11 11
11 7
11 3
10 59
10 55
10 51
10 48
10 44
10 40
10 36
10 32
10 28
10 24
10 20
10 16
10 12
10 8
10 4
10
9 56
9 52
9 49
9 45
941
9 37
9 33
9 29

May.

June.

July.

H. M.

5 25
5 21
5 17

5 5
5 2
4 58
4 54
4 50
4 46
4 42
4 8H
4 34
4 30
4 26
4 22
4 18
4 14
4 10
4 6
4 2
3 59
3 65
3 51
3 47
3 4:?
3 39
3 35
3 31
3 27

Aug.

II. M.

Sept.

LO 32
LO 28
LO 24

Nov.

Dec.

H M.
7 20
7 16
7 12
7 8
7 4
7
6 56
6 52

6 36
6 32
6 28
6 25
6 21
6 17
6 13

5 57
5 54
5 49
5 45

LIGHT AND DARK OF THE MOON IN 19->1.

Explanation: In the above chart the small
divisions represent 3h v or 45. Thus in Janu-

y on the 1st. the moon will rise about mid-
night, being- near last quarter or 90 from
the sun, passing the meridian at 6 a. m. On
the 4th she will tise about 3 a. m. and on
the 9th will rise and set with the sun; on

the 12th-13th she will set about 9 p. m.; on
the lath, at midnight: on the IHth-MOth. at
3 a. m. and on the 23d will set at sunrise.
Thus while gaining at a glance the duration
of moonlight we may also approximate the
time of her visible rising-, setting and meridian
passage.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

VISIBILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS. 1931.

Explanation: The spaces represent Ih or 15
each and the distance from the central line
of each division indicates the approximate dis-
tance of 'that planet from the sun. in time or
space. Thus Venus will be 2h or 30 east of
the sun March 11. sets with the sun on the
22d of April and will be 3h or 45 west of
the sun July 11. Being: an inferior planet
inside the orbit of the earth she cannot, like

the superior planets, gret 180 or 6h from the
sun, as do Jupiter and Saturn in March. At
such time the planet will be at its brig-htest.
rising at sunset and shining- all night. A su-
perior planet is considered a morning- star
from conjunction to western quadrature, when
90 west of the sun. when rising- at midnight
and passing- the meridian at 6 a. m.

SIGNS AND CONSTELLATIONS OF THE ZODIAC.

Until recently it was taken for granted that
the present relationship between signs and con-
stellations of the zodiac was generally under-
stood, as all astronomical textbooks mention
their diagreement and explain the cause. The
numerous letters of inquiry concerning differ-
ences between the data in this almanac and
certain others show the necessity for this note
of explanation. (Both sign and constellation
now given J

Thousands of years ago when the zodiac,
that belt of the heavens about 16 in width
within which move the moon and planets, was
formed and divided into twelve parts or sea-
sons called signs, each containing- certain star
groups called constellations, each was given
the name of an object or animal which never
did bear any relationship to the configuration
of the stars in that group or division, but
which did or is supposed to have reference
to certain astronomical or other facts. Thus
Libra =. the scales or balance, comes at the
autumnal equinox when there is an equi-
ibnum or balance between the length of
day and night the world over. Aquarius -,
the water-bearer, whose sign is the Egyptian
sign for running- water, comes at the season
of greatest rains in Egypt, and so on.

Since the time when these divisions were
made and named, owing to the precession of
the equinoxes, resulting from the differing
polar and equatorial diameters of the earth,
the signs have moved back west nearly a
whole division or constellation and where T
was the first, x now is. Hence, though the
sun now enters the sign T March 20. it ic
a month later when he enters the constellation
T. It must be apparent, therefore, that any
aupposed influence or relationship which early
astrologers attributed to the position of the
sun, moon or planets when in certain of these
divisions can no longer exist, as the sign now
only represents that space or division of the
zodiac where the controlling constellation was
2.000 or more years ago, but is not now
Nevertheless, some almanacs still give the
signs for the moon's place, which is very mis-
leading to those who attempt to follow her
in her course among the stars. Hence, thia
almanac gives both and discards the ancient
picture of the disembpweled man as a relic
of the age of superstition. The sign is re-
tained for sun's place in connection with the
seasons and sun's path tfcrough the zodiac
each month because of its relationship to the
equinoxes and solstices.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

THE BRIGHTEST STARS.

NAME.

Constellation
or group.

Magni-
tude,
(v.: va-
riable.)

Right
scension.
Sidereal

time.

Declina-
tion.

'""or upper
meridian
passage.
Mn. time.

For rising, subtract.
For setting, add.t

For
lat.
30 N.

For
lat.

40 N.

For
lat.
50 N.

Alpberatz
Caph

Andromeda
Cassiopeia

21
2.4-
2.8
3.0
2.3 v
2.2

2.4
2.2
0.4
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.1 v
2.6

ft*

3.1
1.0
0.1
0.3
1.8
2.3
1.8
2.7
2.3
0.9
2

H. M.
4
4

9
21
35
39
51
1 5
1 20
1 27
1 34
1 50
1 58
2 2
2 14
2. 58
3 2
3 18
3 42
4 31
5 10
5 10
5 21
5 27
5 32
5 36
5 43
5 50

6 22
6 33
6 41
6 55
7 29
7 35
7 40
8 12
9 23
10 4
10 42
10 58
11 44
12 22
12 30
13 20
13 20
13 57
14 12
14 33
14 46
14 51
15 31
15 40
16
16 24
16 26
17 54
18 34
18 50
19 46
20 13
20 38
21 16
21 27
21 40
22 33
22 53
23
23 35

Deg. Min.

+28 36
4-58 40
+14 41
-43 19
+66 30
-18 39
+60 14
+35 9
+59 46
+88 50
-57 41
+20 22
+41 54
+23 3
- 3 26
+ 3 44
--4(1 37
--49 33
--23 50
--16 20
--45 55
- 8 18
+28 32
-0 22
- 1 15
-34 8
-9 42
+ 7 24
+44 56
-52 39 '
+16 29
16 36
-28 51
+32 5
+ 5 27
+28 15
+ 9 28
8 16
+12 25
-59 13
+62 14

-22 54
+5 22
-10 42
-59 56
+19 39
28
-15 40
+74 31
+27 1
+ 6 42
-19 34
-26. 14
+21 41
el 30
8 42
-26 25
+ 8 38
-12 49
+44 58
+62 13
-5 58
+ 9 28
-47 24
30 6
+ 14 44
+ 59

H. M.
3
4
8
21
35
38
50
4
19
24
34
49
57
2 1
2 13
2 56
3
3 18
3 41
4 29
5 9
5 9

III

5 30
5 35
5 42
5 49
5 51
6 2!
6 31
6 40
6 54
7 27
7 33
7 38
8 10
9 21
10 1

10 an

10 5fi
11 42

12 ly

12 27
13 18
13 18
13 54
14 9
14 30
14 43
14 48
15 28
15 37
15 57
16 20
16 23
17 51
18 30
18 46
19 43
20 9
20 35
21 12
21 23
21 36
21 58
22 48
22 56
23 31

H. M.

7 18

'e"39'
3 51*
9 56
5 20

'7"37"

H. M

7 52

H. M

8 39

6 51
2 25*

Via'

"8"29

7^18

'Y'86
"9"48

7 52

Alpha
Schedlr

Phoenix

Dlphda

2etus (whale) ...
Cassiopeia
Andromeda
Cassiopeia
Ursa Minor

Gamma
Mirach
Delta

T'37*
6 54
8
7 1
5 54
6 12
8
8 5.2
7 8
6 39
8 28
5 45
7 18
6 2
6 1
4 30
5 42
6 22
8 22
2 46*
6 44
5 25
4 51
7 30
17
7 17
6 27
5 45
6 34
1 3"

"(! 41
1
5 9

' "5" 40
1

6 4'2
52
5 27

"7' i:V

6 20
"5 16
4 58
6 58
9 8
7 52
4 58
6 24
5 35
8 22

7 14
9 21
7 26
5 51
6 13
9 10

Y'29
6 58
10 14
5 31
7 52
6 2
6 1
3 37*
5 26
6 26
9 53

6 59
5 1
4 7
8 11
6 19
7 50
6 33
6 31
6 44

"S'^54
4 35
'S 23
7^12
5 4

"7 "44
6 23
4 54
4 20
7 20

"8"54
4 ]9
6 30
5 19
9 56

Aries (ram) T
Andromeda
Aries T

Almaach

Hamel

8 6
5 46
6 20

"s iz

7 26

' '6' 27
8 49
6 2
6 1
233*
6 17
6 42

7 27
4 45
3 20
9 19
6 30
8 42
6 50
5 24
7 ^ 1

"Y^is

4 13

' "o'^ia

7 45

4 47

" 8"34
35
4 24
3 42
7 57

'i6"52
*3 38
6 45
4 66

Mira

Menkar
Algol

Cetus .
Perseus
Perseus
Taurus (bull)^..
Taurus w

Marfak

Aldebaran

Capella

Rigel
BINath
Mintaka
AlNilam
Pbaet
Saiph

Orion
Taurus V

Orion

Orion
Columba(dove)..

Betelgeuse
Menkalina

Orion '

Canopus

0.8
20
1.4
1.5
1.9
0.5
1.2
3.8
2.1
1.3
1.6 v
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.8
2.4
11
0.7
0.2
0.2
29
2.2
2.3

2.8
2.5
0.1
2.1
0.9
3.7
1.4
2 6
2 9
2 4
1.9
1.3
25
4.3

Alheua.,
Sirius

Gemini (twins) H
Cants Major
Canis Major
Gemini K

Adhara
Castor
Procyon
Pollux
Beta

Canis Minor
Gemini K
Cancer (crab)
Hydra

Alphard
Regulus
Etl
Dubhe
Denebola
Acrux

Leo (lion) ft
Argus
Ursa Major
Leo f)

Southern Cross.
Corvus (crow)...
Ursa Major
Virgo (virgin) w

Seta

Bpica
Agena

Arcturus
Bengula

Bootes

Centaurus
Libra (scales) ^
Ursa Minor
Northern Crown
Serpent Bearer.
Scorpion TTI
Scorpion ir\.
Hercules

Alpha
Kochab
Alpha
Unuk
Beta
Antares

Rutillcus

Etamin

Dragon
Lyra
Sagittarius x...
Eagle
Capricorn
Cygnus (swan)..
Cephus
Aquarius
Pegasus .

Vega
Delta..

Altair
Alpha
Deneh

Aide ram in
Beta
Eni
Alpha..

5 41
6 26
8 26*
4 46
6 39
6 16

5 43
6 33
1 21
4
6 52
6 17

5 35
6 JiO

3 11

7 Ifl

6 28

The Crane
Pisces Australis
Pegasus

1 1'iscfs x

Fonjjilhaut
Markab
Iota

Explanation: By the absolute scale of mag-
nitudes stars brig-hter than Aldebaran and
Altair are indicated by fractional or negative
quantities: thus Vegra 0.2 and Sirius 1.4.
As the magnitudes increase the brilliancy de-
creases, each increase of a unit being- equal
to a decrease of about two and one-half in
bng-htness.

To ascertain when any star or constellation
will be on the upper meridian add the number
opposite in the column "For Meridian Passage"
to the figures in the table on the previous page.

"Sidereal Noon," taking 1 note whether such
figures be "Morn." or "Eve." If "Morn." and
the sum is more than 12h. the result will be
Eve. of same day; if "Eve." and the sum is
more than 12h. the result will be Morn, of the
next day. Having found the time of meridian
passage, for the rising subtract and for the
setting add the numbers opposite the star in
the column headed "For Rising and Setting"
and observe the directipns as to Morn, and
Eve. given for the meridian passage. Those
marked in the last columns are cir-

ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOR 1921.

cumpolar. Stars having an asterisk (*) in
the last columns are to be seen only in the
far south and then when near the meridian,
as the vapors of the horizon will prevent
seeing them when they rise or set. To tell
how high up from the nearest point of the
horizon a star will be at its meridian passage
subtract the star's declination from 90 and if
the result is less than the latitude of the place
of the observer that star will neither rise nor
set, but is circumpolar, and the difference be-
tween that result and i the latitude shows the
star's altitude above the north point of the
horizon or below the southern horizon. Or
(90 dec.) lat.=alt. or elevation of the star
above the nearest point of the horizon at
meridian passage for stars of a southern
declination. Examples:
Sidereal noon. Oct. 30, 9-?7p. m.

Pomalhaut"InMerid."col.. 22:48

33:16

Subtract. 24:00

8:16 P. m. of 31s
time of merid-
ian passage.

Fomalhaut ris. & set, col, add 4 :00f or lat. 40 N.

12:15 = 0:15 a. m.

of Nov. 1, the

time of setting.

Fomalhaut, dec. 30 S. 90 30 = 60,
40 = 20. altitude of Fomalhaut in latitude
40 at its meridian passage. To measure
celestial distances with the eye keep in mind
l that one-third of the distance from the zenith
to the horizon is 30. For smaller measure-
ments use the belt of Orion. 3 long, or the
sides of the square of Pegasus: the "pointers"
in the "big dipper," which are nearly 5 apart
a convenient celestial yardstick because
always to be seen. In the case of a star
whose dec. is such as to bring it nearer to the
zenith than to a horizon at meridian passage,
it will be more convenient to use its zenith
distance as a means of locating it. The dif-
ference between the latitude and dec. is this
zenith distance. If the dec. is greater than
the latitude then such distance is to be counted
northward, otherwise southward from the
zenith.

ECLIPSES IN 1931.

There will be four eclipses this year, as
follows:

I. Annular of the sun, April 8, invisible in
the Unit d States, visible in arctic region, east-
ern Atlantic, Europe, Asia and Africa.

II. Total of the moon on the morning of
April 22. visible throughout the western con-
tinent and in the United States as follows in
central standard time:

Partial begins at 12:03 a. m.

ECU. II
Apr. 22. 1921

Total begins at 1:23 a. m.

Middle greatest eclipse at b 1:44 a. m.

Total ends at 2:05 a. m.

Partial ends at c 3:26 a. m.

As shown in the cut the north limb of the

EARTHQUAKE

Southeastern Mexico was visited by a severe
earthquake on the evening of Jan. 3, 1920,
resulting in a loss of life estimated at 3,000
and the injury of hundreds of others. Ten
states were shaken, but the area of the great-
est disturbance was along the line between
Vera Cruz and Puebla, and particularly in the
vicinity of the volcano Orizaba, seventy miles
west of the city of Vera Cruz. The loss of
life was greatest in the village of Couztlan,

moon will just graze the north limb of the
earth's shadow, making it just a total eclipse.

III. Total of the sun Oct. 1, invisible in the
United States, visible in South America, etc.

IV. Partial of the moon. Oct. 16. visible in
the United States as follows in central stand-
ard time:

Begins at a 3:14 p. m.*

Middle or greatest eclipse at b 4:54 p. m.
Ends at c (3:34 p. m. The size at b will
be .938. the moon's diameter being taken as
N.

1.00. and therefore as shown in the cut only
a slight silver crescent of the southern limb
will be outside the dark shadow of the earth.
*The moon will rise about 5:10 p. m.. there-
fore in eclipse at rising.

IN MEXICO.

northeast of Orizaba, and in the small towns
of Teocelo, Barranca Grande. San Juan Cos-
comatepec, Calcahualco, La Fragua and Chil-
chotla. Altogether a score of villages were
destroyed. Some damage was done in the cities
of Orizaba, Cordoba and Jalapa, but no lives
were lost there. Some towns were inundated
after the earthquake by the damming up ot
streams and many persons were drowned in
their homes.

SESAME PRODUCTION IN BRITISH INDIA.

The sesame crop of India for the season of
1919-1920 was estimated at 409.000 tons, ex-
clusive of that raised in the province of Hyder-
abad. The total area cultivated was 4.21^.000
acres. Sesam?. which is also known by the
names sesamum. gingili. bene and til. is a
genus of Indian or African annual herbs.

The seeds are used in puddings, cakes and
confectionery and the oil obtained from them
is used both as a food and as a cosmetic.
It has been cultivated since ancient times in
India. China. Japan and other tropical or sub-
tropical countries.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

STORY OF OUR WORLD FAMILY FOR 1931.

THE SUN During the solar eclipse of May
29, 1919, it was disooverpd that such stars as
were rendered photographically visible by the
eclipse were not in their proper place, as
shown by night photographs. This supports
the theory of Dr. Einstein, of the materiality
and rigidity of the so-called interstellar ether,
proving light to be material and subject to
gravitational laws, contrary to all previous
concepts, and necessitating the remaking of
the laws of the universe. Twice within the
year the light of the sun will be intercept- d
by the intervention of the moon. (See Eclipses.)
Very unusual and astounding activities in the
luminous solar envelope were witnessed in
1918-1919. The very unusually great an-i
marvelously beautiful auroral displays have
proved a relationship which, conjointly with
distinct terrestrial disturbing factors, makes
the soliterraneous storm period conditions. The
larger of the great sun spots may be easily
seen through a smoked glass or by throwing
the sun's image on a screen, in a darken cl
room. Note their change in form as they
draw near or recede from the sun's center
due to the sun's convexity.

MERCURY Boing so near the sun. M 01 .
can be seen only when near certain of the
points of greatest angular dista.no f-^m t
sun and, like him, must be uninhabitable ti
any and all forms of life. These condition
may not be widely different from those vr>r,,
the earth during and prior to the igneous pe
riod of the earth's geologic history, while ye:
the waters were unformed, existing in gaseous
or elemental stage. The primeval rain, which
washed our heavily laden atmosphere and pro
pared it for ministering to human comfort
has not yet come to those 'bodies, within the
orbit of the earth and younger than we
by countless ages. (See under "The Planets"
for times of visibility of Mercury.)

VENUS Our interior and younger neighbor
Venus, may be in that stage of evolution cor-
responding to the time when our fossiliferous
rocks were being formed, and her atmosphere,
being still dense with impurities, reflects a
large portion of the light received from the
sun. This causes her dazzling brilliancy. It
is not improbable that such forms of life as
characterized our similar stage of earth evo-
lution may exist there. Inasmuch as she
receives about twice the amount of light and
heat that we do. this evolutionary process
may be much further advanced than was the
case with the earth at her age.

By the chart, "Visibility of the Principal
Planets," it will be seen that she will be at
her brightest possible phase in March as an
evening star, and in May as a morning star,
being invisible in April, when between us and
the sun, after which she will remain a morn-
ing star to the end of the year, when she will
be close to the sun and therefore dim.

The illustration shows all the phases Venus
presents, and which may be seen by a very
small telescope, especially snoh as are near
her periods of greatest brilliancy. To give
better definition reduce the diameter of the
object glass with a cardboard cap or throw
the image on a screen.

Venus is a rapid traveler and her itinerary
for the year will be as follows, the constella-
tions being- given: count back one division
for the sign Thus: con. X= sign T. At the
beginning of the year Venus will be in Cap-

3d of February and in line with east side of
the square of Pegasus a few degrees north of
her. Her greatest distance east of the sun,
47, will be reached Feb. 10, and she will be
occulted by the moon Fob. 11. but she will
have set here at that time, being at setting:
almost merged into the moon. March 10 she
will be just so"th of th" ^--^ : ^ni bright
stars in Aries. Hamel and Sheratan; becomes
stationary Maj*ch 31, when west of the Plei-
ades, and then retrogrades or goes back west-
ward until May 11 to where she was March
1, near the stsrs in the ho-n ^ f '^ T^-TI. hav-
ing passed her point of greatest brilliancy
March 17, and 7 to the north of Mars April
4 and 8 north of moon April 8, becoming
dim April 10: invisible April 19-25. during
which time she passes to the west of the sun,
becoming a mo'-ning star, rapidly increasing
in brightness until the latter part of May;
reaches the Pleiades and gre.-t "t <V".** n w west
of the sun July 1, having passed her station-

ncornus

few degrees west of the Y of

EXPLANATION :

A. Fifteen days before superior conjunc-
tion or shortly after the end of th3 year.

B. At greatest elongation! westr July 1, 1921.

C. When brightest as a morning star the
last week of May and the first one of June.

D. Just after inferior conjunction or the
last days of April.

E. Fifteen, days after superior conjunction
in 1922.

F. At greatest elongation east Feb. 10, 1921.

G. When brightest as an evening star
March 12-22. 1921.

H. Just before inferior conjunction. April
10-15. 1921.

ary point on May 11, after which she again
goes forward to her point of g\j*ii st orii-
lancy as a morning star when just south of th:-
bright stars in the horn of the Ram again.
She reaches the Hyades the middle of July and
passes 3 north of Aldebaran July 17. She
will be 2 north of the moon Julv 31. when
about midway between Sirius and Capella, and
about Aug. 24-30 between Procyon on the
south and Castor .and Jt'Oilux ou m-j- north,
being 4 north of the moon on the 30th. On

3ept. 13 she will be 5

of Neptune just

below the point of the Sickle and on the 24th
passes less than one-half of one degree north
of the brilliant Regulus (see f*h<^rt of the
Seavens) in the end of the handle of the
Sickle, and 5 north of th- moon on the 28th.
On Oct. 3. 11' south of Ma^s so close as to

alm9&t merge their light as th~y b-ghten

glorious morning- light of antumn
ast horizon. ?>nd on

to the

Aquarius: on the 9th she will be in Aquarius

east of the Y and 41' south of Uranus, and

5 south of thp moon on the 13th: crosses on Oct. 29 and 1 south of moon Nov. 28.

me prime meridian of the heavens on the 2d-She will pass about 4 north of Spica Virginia

will pass about one half of one degree north
f Jupiter with the brilliant D*n~Vol.a about
north and west of h^r; 90 ^-th M moon

on Oct. 29 and

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Nov. 6 and 4 south of the moon Dec. 28
when close to the sun and dim, being- close to
her most distant point from us attainable.

MARS will not be a conspicuous object at
all during- the year, being- a fairly brig-fat eve-
ning- star at the first; dim in May, invisible
in June and July, dim in Augrust as a morn-
ing- star and slightly brighter at the end of
the year than at its beginning-. The big tele-
scopes tell us when enow, frost and freezing
take place with the Ma-rtians and doubtless
their bold airmen, if able to reach the earth,
would consider us pygmies of stature and at-
tainments. At the beginning- of the year Mars
will be in almost the same position as Venus
and they will be less than one-half of a degree
apart on the 9th. Mars being- the most north-
ern, and also 15' south of Uranus (see
under Uranus) ; passes 5 south of the moon,
Jan. 13. becoming quite dim in April, when
he will be passing- the Pleiades. About the
middle of September, when fairly bright in
the eastern morning- sky, he will be seen only
about 1* north of Reg-ulus. making- a glorious
pair; 53' south of Saturn Nov. 14 and only
10' north of Jupiter Nov. 26. all splendid
oomfbinations, especially the last, when they
will almost appear as one; 3 north of Spica
Dec. 11.

JUPITER and SATURN will share with
Venus a large part of the grlories of the eve-
ning- western sky for the first three months
and. in fact, Jupiter and Saturn are so close
throughout the year that all we need to do is
to state that the former is the brighter and
farther west by about 5 or 6 degrees at the
first and gradually approaching until they are
in conjunction on Sept. 14, when both will be
too near the sun to be seen. Toward the end

of the year, when they are again bright as
morning stars, Jupiter will be the most eastern
by a little greater lead than Saturn had at the
beginning of the year. This conjunction of
the two major members of our family is an
unusual event and will attract much attention,
more especially as Mars is in the bunch also
(see under Mars), and also Venus and the
moon from Oct. 22 to 29 in the edge of the
morning- twilight as follows: Venus 35' south
of Saturn Oct. 22 and 31' north of Jupiter
Oct. 25, Saturn 3%, Jupiter 2 and Mars 3
north of moon Oct. 28, and Venus 2 north on
the 29th. Then again Nov. 25-28 all will be
bunched and lastly Dec. 22-28 all will be
within the last half of Leo and the first half
of Virgo. Note how the respective distances of
the planets from the sun for even dates com-
pare, as shown by the chart of the planets,
where it will be seen how both planets will be
invisible in September and dim in August and
October.

The rings of Saturn will be invisible this
year, because edgewise to the earth.

URANUS will be most favorably situated for
observation in August and September, but xin-
less one has an instrument and knowledge of
adjustments it will be useless to look for him,
and the same is true of Neptune, whose most
favorable position will be in January and
February.

COMET& These visitors to our world family
often come unannounced and sometimes dis-
appoint us. Such was the case with Wolf's
comet of last year, for at its brightest a small
telescope was necessary to see it. For the past
fifty years an average of one naked eye comet
has come to us. Halley's great comet, which
came in 1909-1910, was the last one of note.

FACTS ABOUT THE

The sun's surface is 12.000 and its volume
1.300.000 times that of the earth, but the
mass is only 332,000 times as great and its
density about one-quarter that of the earth.
The force of gravity at the surface of the
sun is twenty-seven times greater than that
at the surface of the earth. The sun rotates
on its axis once in 25.3 days at the equator,
but the time is longer in the higher latitudes,
from which fact it is presumed that the sun
is not solid, at least as to its surface.

THE EARTH AND THE MOON.

Earth The equatorial diameter of the earth
is 7.926.5 miles and the polar diameter 7,899.5
miles; equatorial circumference, 25.000. The
linear velocity of the rotation of the earth on
its axis at the equator is 24,840 miles a day,
or 1,440 feet a second: its velocity in its orbit
around the sun is approximately nineteen miles
a second, the length of the orbit being about
560.000,000 miles. The superficial area of the
earth, according to Encke, the astronomer, is
197,108.580 square miles, of which two-thirds
is water and one-third land. The planetary-
mass is about 256,000,000 cubic miles.

NATIONAL WEALTH

The following- inventory of the national
wealth of Canada was given by G. A. Mac-
Pherson of Toronto. Ont., in an article pub-
lished in the Annals of the American Academy
of Political and Social Science in March. 1920:

Agriculture Improved land*... $2.792,229.000

Buildings . 927.548.000

Implements 387.079.000

Live stock 1.102.261,000

Fishing Capital invested 47.143.d25

Mines Buildings and plants.... 140,000.000

Manufactures Plant & capital 2,000.000,000

Railways .. 2,000.000,000

Street railways 160.000,000

SUN AND PLANETS.

Moon The moon has a diameter of 2,162
miles, a circumference of about 6,800 miles
and a surface area of 14,685,000 square miles.
Her mean distance from the earth is 238.840
miles. The volume of the moon is about
l-49th that of the earth and the density about
3% that of water. The time from new moon
to new moon is 29 days 12 hours 44.05 min-
utes. The moon has no atmosphere and no
water and is a dead world.

Light travels at the rate of 186,300 miles
per second. It requires 8 minutes and 8 sec-
onds for light to come from the sun to the
earth.

Name.
Sun

Mercury
Venus

Diameter,
miles.
866.400
3,030
7 700

Dist. from Period of
sun. miles, rev., days.

"'36.'666.066 "*88
67.200,000 225
92,900,000 365
141.500,000 687
483.300.000 4,333
886.000,000 10,759
1.781.900.000 30,687
2,791,600,000 60,181

Earth

7 918

Mars . .
Jupiter
Saturn .
Uranus
Neptune

4.230
86 500

73.000
31.900
34.800

OF CANADA IN 192O.

Canals $123,000,000

Telegraphs 10,000,000

Telephones 95.000.000

Shipping- 35.000.000

Urban lots and buildings 3,500,000.000

Clothing, furniture, etc 800.000,000

Coin and bullion 208,500.000

Imported merchandise 250,000,000

Current production Agric'ture 1,621.028,000

Fishing 39.000.000

Forestry 175.000.000

Mining 190,000,000

Manufacturing 2.400.000.000

Total $19.002,788.125

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

TIME AND STANDARDS OF TIME.

Various kinds of time are in use in this
country :

1. Astronomical Time or Mean Solar Time
This is reckoned from noon through the
twenty-four hours of the day and is used
mainly by astronomical observatories and in
official astronomical publications. It is the
leg-al time of the dominion of Canada, thougrh
"standard" and "mean" time are in general
use there as in this country.

2. Mean Local Time This is the kind that
was in almost universal use prior to the in-
troduction of standard time. This time was
based upon the time when the mean sun
crosses the meridian, and the day begins at
midnight. When divided into civil divisions
years, months, weeks, days, etc. it is some-
times called civil time.

Owing to the eccentricity of the earth's
orbit and the inclination of the equator to the

65 to 125 west longitude, was divided into
four time sections, each of 15 of longitude,
exactly equivalent to one hour (7% or 30m
on each side of a meridian), commencing with
the 75th meridian. The first or eastern sec-
tion included all territory between the Atlantic
coast and an irregular line drawn from Buffalo
to Charleston. S. C., the latter city being its
southernmost point. The second or central
section included all the territory between this
eastern line and another irregular line extend-
ing from Bismarck. N. D., to the mouth of the
Rio Grande. The third or mountain -section in-
cluded all the territory between the last named
line and nearly the western borders of Idaho.
Nevada and Arizona. The fourth or Pacific
section included all the territory of the United
States between the boundary of the mountain
section and the Pacific coast. Inside of each
of these sections standard time was uniform

STANDARD TIME ZONES AS FIXED BY INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.

ecliptic, the apparent motion of the sun is
retarded or accelerated according to the earth's
place in its orbit. Hence, to take the actual
sun as a guide would necessitate years, days
and their subdivisions of unequal length.
Therefore an imaginary or "mean sun" was
invented. The difference between apparent
and mean time is called the "equation of
time" and may amount to a quarter of an
hour in twenty-four hours. It is the differ-
ence between the figures in "Sun at noon
mark" column in calendar and twelve hours.
The figures on a correct sun dial give the ap-
parent time.

3. Standard Time For the convenience of
the railroads and business in general a stand-
ard of time was established by mutual agree-
ment in 1883 and by this calculation trains
were run and local time was regulated. By
this system the United States, extending from

and the time of each section differed from that
next to it by exactly one hour.

In March, 1918, the congress of the United
States, in passing the "daylight saving" law,
divided the territory of continental United
States into five zones. The standard time of
the first four zones was based on the same
degrees of longitude as under the old railroad
agreement. The fifth zone established included
only Alaska, and its standard time was based
on the 150th degree of longitude. In August.
1919. the section of the law providing for
"daylight saving" was repealed, but the part
giving the interstate commerce commission
power to fix the limits of the time zones was
left intact.

The new time zones as defined by the inter-
state commerce commission became effective
Jan. 1, 1919. They have been slightly modi-
fied since then and are subject to further

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

modifications from time to time. Standard
time by law governs the movements of rail-
roads and other common carriers engaged in
interstate commerce. In all statutes, orders,
rules and regulations relating- to the time of
performance of any act by any officer or de-
partment of the United States, whether in the
legislative, executive or judicial branch of
the government, or relating- to the time within
which any rights shall accrue or determine,
or within which any act shall or shall noi be
performed by any person subject to the juris-
diction of the United States, it shall be under-
stood and intended that the time shall be the
United States standard time of the zone withm
which the act is to be performed.

EASTERN-CENTRAL BOUNDARY LINE.

The boundary line between the eastern and
central time zones as fixed by the commission
runs -from east of Port Huron, Mich., along:
the international boundary line through the
St. Clair river. Lake St. Clair. Detroit river
and then runs in a southerly direction to
Sandusky. Bellevue. Monroeville. Willard. Shel-
by Junction, Mansfield and Columbus, O. :
Huntington, Kenova and Williamson, W. Va.;
Duncannon. Va.; Bristol, Va.-Tenn.; Telford,
Tenn.: Asheville and Franklin, N. C.: Atlanta.
McDonough, Macon, Perry, Americus, Albany
and Thomasville, Ga.: the north boundary of
Florida to River Junction and the Apalachi-
cola river to the Gulf of Mexico.

The following named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the eastern
and central time zones are considered as with-
in the United States standard eastern zone;
Fremont. Clyde. Bellevue, Monroeville. Willard,
Shelby, Shelby Junction. Gallon, Lancaster.
, O.; Duncannon, Va.;

Dundas, and Gallipolis,
Bristol. Va.-Tenn.: Ash

Asheville and Franklin. N.
C.; points on Southern railway, McDonough,
Ga., to Macon. Ga.; Perry, Albany and Thomas-
ville, Ga.; Apalachicola. Fla.

All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the eastern and central
time zones not specifically named are con-
sidered as within the United States standard
central time zone.

CENTRAL-MOUNTAIN BOUNDARY LINE.
Between central and mountain time the line
begins at the Canadian boundary. Portal, N.
D.. running through Minot and Goodall. N. D.;
and following the Missouri river to Pierre.
S. D.. then through Murdo Mackenzie, S. D.:
Long Pine, North Platte. McCook and Repub-
lican Junction, Neb.; Phillipsburg, Plainville.
Ellis. Dodge City and Liberal. Kas.; Waynoka.
Clinton and Sayre, Okla.; Sweetwater, Big
Springs and San Angelo. Tex., and the 100th
meridian to the Rio Grande river.

The following named municipalities located
upon the boundary line between the central
and mountain time zones are considered as
within the United States standard central time
zone: Portal. Flaxton and Minot, N. D.;
Murdo Mackenzie. S. D.: Phillipsburg, Stock-
ton, Plainville, Ellis and Liberal, Kas.: Way-
noka, Ralph and Sayre, Okla.; Sweetwater,
Big Springs and San Angelo. Tex.

All other municipalities located upon the
boundary line between the central and moun-
tain time zones not specifically named are con-
sidered as within United States standard moun-
tain time zone.

MOUNTAIN-PACIFIC BOUNDARY LINE.

Between mountain and Pacific time zones the
line is fixed following the western boundary
of Montana to meridian 114 west and then
south and east to Pocatello, Idaho, and the
Oregon Short Line to Ogden and Salt Lake

Utah; thence the Los Angeles & Salt

Lake railroad and the west and south bound-
aries to the 113th meridian; thence to Selig-
man and Parker. Ariz., and along the Colorado
river to the Mexican boundary.

All municipalities on the boundary between
mountain and Pacific time zones will use
standard mountain time.

All of Alaska is within a single time zone.
TABLE OF TIME CORRECTIONS.

It is obvious that to express the time ot
rising and setting of the sun and moon in
standard time would limit the usefulness of
such data to the single point or place for
which they were computed, while in mean time
it is practically correct for places as widely
separated as the width of the continent. In
the calendar pages of the almanacs the rising
and setting of the sun and moon are given
in mean local time and to obtain the standard
time of these and other astromonical events
at any given place it is necessary to subtract
or add a certain number of minutes according
to the distance the place in question is east
or west of the meridian, the time of which
governs the zone in which the place is located.
Thus in Chicago, which is approximately two
and a half degrees east of the 90th meridian.
which governs the time of the central zone.
the sun and moon rise and set about ten
minutes earlier than the time shown in the
almanacs: in other words, ten minutes must
be subtracted to get the actual standard time
aa shown by the clock.

The corrections to be applied to mean or
clock time for conversion are shown in the
following 1 table. The abbreviations 4 are E. for
Eastern. C. for Central, M. for Mountain and
P. for Pacific time. Add or subtract as
indicated by the sign (minus) or + (plus) :

Albany. N. Y.

.E. 5

Amherst. Mass E. 10

Ann Arbor, Mich C. 35

Austin. Tex C. 4-31

Baltimore, Md E. -j- 6

Baton Rouge, La C. 4- 4

Bismarck. N. D C. 4-43

Beloit, Wis C. 4

Bloomington, Ind C. 14

Boston, Mass E. 16

Buffalo, N. Y E. +16

Burlington, Iowa C. + 5

Cairo. Ill C. 3

Charlotteville, Va E. +14

Charleston. S. C E. + 20

Chicago. Ill C. 10

Cincinnati, O C. 22

Cleveland, O E. +34

Columbus, Mo C. 9

Columbus. O C. 28

Columbia. S. C E. +24

Denver. Colo M.

Des Moines. Iowa C. +14

Detroit. Mich C. 28

Dubuque, Iowa C. + 3

Duluth. Minn C. + 9

Elmira, N. Y E. + 7

Erie. Pa E. +21

Evansville, Ind C. flO

Flagstaff, Ariz M. 27

Fort Gibson, Okla C. +21

Fort Smith, Ark C. +19

Fort Wayne, Ind C. 20

Galena. Ill C. + 2

Geneva. N. Y E. + 8

Grand Haven, Mich....C. 15

Grr>oncastle. Ind C. 13

Hanover. N. H E. 11

Harris-burg. Pa E. + 7

Houston, Tex.
Huntsville. Ala.

.C. +21
.C. 12

Ithaca. N. Y E. + 6

Jacksonville, Fla E. +27

Janesville, Wis C. 4

Jefferson City. Mo C. + 9

Kansas City, Mo C. +19

Keokuk, Iowa C. + 6

Knoxville, Tenn C. 24

La Crosse. Wis C. + 5

Lawrence, Kas.

.C. + 21

Lexington. Ky C. 23

Little Rock, Ark C. 9

Louisville. Ky C. 18

Lynchburg. Va E. +17

Madison. Wis C. 2

Middletown, Conn E. 9

Milwaukee. Wis C. 8

Minneapolis. Minn C. +13

Mobile, Ala

,.C. 8

Montreal. Canada E. 6

Montgomery, Ala C. 15

Nashville. Tenn C. 13

New Brunswick, N. J.E. 2

New Haven, Conn E. 8

New Orleans. La C.

New York. N. Y E. 4

Norfolk. Va E. + 5

Northfield, Mass E. 9

Oakland. Cal P. + 9

Oerdensburg. N. Y E. + 2

Omaha, Neb C. +24

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Ottawa, Canada...

E. + 3

Richmond, Va

...E. +10

Syracuse N Y

E + 5

...C. 2

Rochester N. Y...

...E. +10

Taunton Mass

El 4

Pensaoola. Fla

C. -11

Rock Island. 111....

...C. + 3

Toledo. O

C 26

Philadelphia. Pa..

E. -f 1

San Francisco. Gal.

...P. +10

Toronto Canada

E +18

Pittsburgh. Pa ....

E +20

Santa Fe N M

...M. + 4

Trenton N J

E 1

Poughkeepsie. N.

Y...E 4

Savannah Ga

...E +24

C 10

Portland Me

E 19

C +15

Utica N Y

E_i_ -I

Princeton. N. J...

...E. 1

Spring-field. Ill

V.Vc* i

Washington D C

E + 8

Providence R I .

E 14

St Joseph Mo

C +H9

Wheeling W Va

E +23

Quebec Canada...

...E. 15

St Louis Mo

. .C + 1

E + 2

Quincv 111

. C -f 6

St Paul Minn

C +1

E +13

Raleigh. N. C

...E. +15

Superior, Wis...

...C. + 8

Yankton. S. D...

...C. +19

DIFFERENCE IN TIME.

When it is 12 o'clock noon Monday in New
York, N. Y.. or other places having eastern
time, the corresponding time in the cities
named below is:

Aden, Arabia 8 :00 p. m., Monday

Amsterdam, Holland 5:20 p. m.. Monday

Apia. Samoa 5:33 a. m., Tuesday

Berlin. Germany 5 :53 p. m., Monday

Bern, Switzerland 5:29 p. m., Monday

Bombay. India 9:51 p.m., Monday

Bremen, Germany 5:33 p.m.. Monday

Brussels, Belgium 5 :17 p. m., Monday

Calcutta. India 10:53 p. m.. Monday

Chicago, 111 *11 :00 a. m., Monday

Christiania. Norway 5:42 p. m., Monday

City of Mexico. Mexico. 10:24 a. m., Monday

Colon. Panama 11:40 a. m.. Monday

Constantinople, Turkey. 6:56 p. m., Monday
5 :40 p. m., Monday
tlO:00 a. m., Monday
4:34 p. m., Monday
4:47 p. m., Monday
5:10 p. m., Monday

Havana. Cuba 11:30 a.m., Monday

Havre. France 5:00. p.m., Monday

Hongkong. China 12:37 a. m., Tuesday

Honolulu. Hawaii 6:29 a. m.. Monday

Lisbon. Portugal 5:00 p.m., Monday

Liverpool. England 4:48 p. m., Monday

London, England 5:00 p. m., Monday

Madrid, Spain 4:45 p.m., Monday

Manila. Philippines 1:03 a. m.. Tuesday

Copenhagen, Denmark.,

Denver, Col

Dublin. Ireland

Edinburgh Scotland

Hamburg, Germany. . .

Melbourne. Australia. . .

Paris. France

Peking, China

Petrograd. Russia

Pretoria. South Africa..

R9me. Italy

Rio de Janeiro. Brazil..

2:39 a. m.. Tuesday
5:09 p. m.. Monday
12 :45 a. m., Tuesday
7:01 p. m.. Monday
6:55 p. m.. Monday
5:49 p. m., Monday
2:07 p. m., Monday

San Francisco, Gal J9:00 a. m. Monday

San Juan. Porto Rico.. . 12:35 p. m.

Monday
Monday
Monday
Tuesday
Mond.1/

Sitka. Alaska 7 :58 a. m.

Stockholm. Sweden 6:12 p. m.

Sydney. New So. Wales. 3:04 a. m

The Hague, Holland 5:17 p. m.

Tokyo. Japan 2:18 a. m.. Tuesday

Valparaiso, Chile 12 :13 p. m., Monday

Vienna. Austria 6:05 p. m.. Monday

Yokohama. J^pan 2:19 a. m.. Tuesday

*Same in all places having central time, tin
all places having mountain time, tin all places
having Pacific time.

Note The place where "the day begins" or
where dates are changed by navigators is at
or near the 180th degree -of longitude. Here
an irregular line has been drawn from north
to south which is called the "international
date line." It is not straight because in case
it crossed an island it would have different
dates on each side of the line. The date line
was located in the mid-Pacific by general
agreement because it would cause the least
confusion and because it was twelve hours
from Greenwich.

FOREIGN STANDARDS OF TIME.

Central
meridian.

Degrees.

Japan 135 east....

Spain*

Argentina 64+ west.

Ecuador 81 + west.

Natal 30 east

Cape Colony 22% east. .

Mid-Europe 15 east

Egypt 30 east

Fast or slow
on
Greenwich.
H.M.S.
9 00 00 fast
00000
3 51 38.8 slow
5 24 15 slow
2 00 00 fast
1 30 00 fast
1 00 00 fast

West Australia
South Australia
New South Wales . .
Queensland
Tasmania
Eastern Europe. . . .
New Zealand

2 00 00 fast

Victoria.. .

Central
meridian.

Degrees.
120 east.
142% east.
172% east.

Fast or slow

Greenwich.
H.M.

8 00 fast

9 30 fast
11 30 fast

150 east.. 1000 fast

30 east.

*In Spain the hours are counted from to 24. avoiding- the use of a. m. and p,

200 fast

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON.

The Smithsonian institution was established
by statute in 1846, under the terms of the
will of James Smithson., who bequeathed his
fortune in 1826 to the United States for the
"increase and diffusipn of knowledge among
men." From the income of the fund a
building, known as the Smithsonian building,
was erected in Washington,- D. C., on land
given by the United States. The institution
is legally an establishment having as its
members the president and vice-president of
the United States, the chief justice and the
president's cabinet. It is governed by a board
of regents consisting of the vice-president,
the chief justice, three members of the United
States senate, three members of the house of
represent ati VPS and six citizens appointed by
joint resolution of congress. It is under the

immediate direction of the secretary of the
Smithsonian institution, who is the executive
officer of the board and the director of the
institution's activities. The institution aids
investigators by making grants for research
and exploration, providing for lectures, initi-
ating scientific projects and publishing scien-
tific papers. It has administrative charge of
the national museum, the national gallery of
art, the international exchange service, the na-
tional zoological park, the astrophysical ob-
servatory and the regional bureau for the
international catalogue of scientific literature.
The institution's original endowment of $541.-
000 has been increased by g-ifts and accumu-
lated interest. The secretary of the institu-
tion is Charles D. Walcott.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

UNITED STATES COAST GUARD.

ADMINISTRATION, 1920.
Captain Commandant William E. Reynolds.
Chief of division of operations Oliver M.

Maxam.
Assistant chief of division of operations

C. P. Clark.
Chief of division of materiel Georgre H.

SI a yb a ugh.

Assistant chief of division of ma tenel Ken-
dall J. Minot.

Chief of division of communication Capt. Ed-
ward D. Jones.
Superintendent of construction and repair:

Senior Captain Howard M. Broadbent.
Engrineer in chief Charles A. McAllister.
Inspector Senior Captain Daniel P. Foley.
OPERATIONS IN 1919.*

Persons rescued from peril 2.081

Persons on board vessels as-
sisted 12,044

Persons in distress cared for..
Vessels boarded and papers ex-
amined H.996

Vessels seized or reported for

violation of law 152

Fines and penalties incurred by

vessels reported $28.790.00

Derelicts and obstructions to
navigation removed or de-
stroyed 10

Instances of lives saved and

vessels assisted 1.036

Instances of miscellaneous as-
sistance 1.171

Value of vessels assisted (in-
cluding cargoes) $14.762,630.00

Value of derelicts recovered.... $150.000.00
*Fiscal year ended June 30.

FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES.
Under an act of congress approved Jan. 28,
1915, it was provided that in lieu of the
then existing revenue cutter service and life
saving service there should be established an
organization to be known as the coast guard,
which was to constitute a part of the military
forces of the United States, operating under
the secretary of the navy in time of war
and under the treasury department in time
of peace. The coast guard was transferred
to the navy department April 6, 1917, and
was returned to the treasury department by
executive order Aug. 28. 1919. The revenue
cutter service had existed since 1790. while
the life saving service had its beginning in
1848, although it was not made into a sep-
arate establishment until June 18, 1878. The
consolidation of the two services was com-
pleted in 1915. The coast guard being a
part of the military forces of the government,
the military system of the former revenue
cutter service was utilized as a basis for the
orga-nization of the coast guard. The transfer
of the personnel of the former life saving
service to the coast guard was accomplished
by issuing appointments as commissioned offi-
cers, warrant officers and petty officers to the
district superintendents, keepers and No. 1
surfmen, respectively, and regularly enlisting
the surfmen. The total authorized comple-
ment of warrant officers, petty officers and
men is 4,897. The pay of the commissioned
personnel, except for the grade of district su-
perintendent, corresponds with the pay and
allowances of like rank in the army. The
pay of warrant officers and enlisted men re-
mains the same as before the consolidation of
the service. Warrant officers are appointed by
the secretary of the treasury and hold their
appointments during good behavior. Petty of-
ficers and other men are enlisted for periods
of one year. Warrant and petty officers re-
ceive 10 per cent increase for every five years

of service, not to exceed 40 per cent in all.
Enlisted men receive an increase for each three
years of continuous service up to and includ-
ing fifteen years.

The authorized commissioned personnel of
the coast guard is 270, divided into the fol-
lowing grades: One captain commandant. 6
senior captains, 31 captains. 37 first lieuten-
ants. 94 second and third lieutenants. 1 en-
gineer MI chief. 6 captains of engineers, 28
first lieutenants and 51 second and third lieu-
tenants of engineers, 2 constructors with rank
of first lieutenant. 1 district superintendent with
relative rank of captain, 3 district superin-
tendents with relative rank of first lieutenant.
4 district superintendents with relative rank
of second lieutenant, and 5 district superin-
tendents with relative rank of third lieutenant.
A coast guard academy is maintained in New
London, Conn. June 30, 1919, there were six-
teen cadets of the line and three cadet engi-
neers at the academy. The school course ex-
tends over three years and embraces instruc-
tion in professional and academic subjects.
Admission is toy competitive examination and
candidates must be not less than 18 years
nor more than 24 years of age. Candidates
for the engineer corps must be not less than
20 nor more than 25 years of age.

By law the officers of the coast guard rank
as follows:
Captain commandant, with colonel in army and

captain in navy.

Senior captain and engineer in chief, with
lieutenant-colonel in army and commander in
navy.
Captain and captain of engineers, with major

in army and lieutenant-commander in navy.
First lieutenant and first lieutenant of en-
gineers, with captain in army and senior
lieutenant in navy.

Second lieutenant and second lieutenant of en-
gineers, with first lieutenant in army and
junior lieutenant in navy.

Third lieutenant and third lieutenant of en-
gineers, with second lieutenant in army and
ensign in navy.

DUTIES OF COAST GUARD.
In general the duties of the coast guard may
be classified as (follows:

I. Rendering assistance to vessels in dis-
tress and saving life and property.

2. Destruction or removal of wrecks, der-
elicts and other floating dangers to navigation.

3. Extending medical aid to United States
vessels engaged in deep sea fisheries.

4. Protection of the customs revenue.

5. Operating as a part of the navy in time
of war or when the president shall direct.

6. Enforcement of law and regulations gov-
erning anchorage of vessels in navigable waters.

7. Enforcement of law relative to quaran-
tine and neutrality.

8. Suppression of mutinies on merchant ves-

9.' Enforcement of navigation and other laws
governing merchant vessels and motor boats.

10. Enforcement of law to provide for
safety of life on navigable waters during re-
gattas and marine parades.

II. Protection of game and the seal and
other fisheries in Alaska, etc.

12. Enforcement of sponge fishing law.

13. Patrol of Grand Banks for protection of
shipping from ice.

14. Patrol of western rivers during floods
and for other purposes.

In addition to the foregoing the services of
the coast guard include many other things,
such as warning vessels running into danger,
medical and surgical aid to the sick and in-
jured, recovery and burial of bodies cast up
by the waters, extinguishing fires, raainte-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

nance of public order, acting- as pilpts in
emergencies and furnishing- transportation to
other branches of the public service.
EQUIPMENT.

The equipment of the coast guard consists
of twenty-two cruising- cutters, thirteen har
bor cutters and 273 coast stations. The sta-
tions are distributed as follows: First dis-
trict (Maine. New Hampshire and Massa-
chusetts to Plum Island). 18: second district
(Massachusetts, Plum Island to Woods Hole).
23; third district (Woods Hole, Mass., to
Thames River. Conn., including Nantucket,
Martha's Vineyard and Fishers Island). 16:
fourth district (Long Island). 29; fifth district
(New Jersey), 33; sixth district (coast be-
tween Delaware and Chesapeake bays), 19;
seventh district (Cape Henry, Va.. to New
River Inlet. N. C.), 31: eig-hth district (North
Carolina from New River Inlet. South Caro-
lina. Georgia and Florida), 12; ninth district
(Gulf coast of United States except Florida),
8: tenth district (Lakes Ontario, Erie and Hu-
ron to Hammond bay). 20; eleventh district
(Lakes Huron, west of Hammond bay, and
Michigan, east roast; Beaver ami Markinac
Islands, and Louisville, Ky.), 21; twelfth dis-
trict (Lake Michigan). 22: thirteenth district
(California. Oregon, Washington and Nome,
Alaska). 21.

Folio wine: are the names, dates of construc-
tion (in parerttheses), chief dimensions, ton-
nage, armament, speed and headquarters of the
vessels of the coast guard:

Cruising Cutters.

Acushnet (1908) Length. 152 feet: beam. 29
feet: draft. 13 feet 9 inches: displacement.
800 tons, two one-pounder eruns: speed, 12%
knots: Woods Hole. Mass.

Algonauin (1898) Length. 205 feet 6 inches;
beam. 32 feet: draft. 13% feet: displace-
ment. 1.181 tons: four six-pounder guns;
speed, 16 knots: Astoria, Ore.

Aridroscoggin (1908) Length. 210 feet: beam.
35 feet 2 inches: draft. 17% feet: displace-
ment. 1,600 tons; four six-pounder guns;
Boston. Mass.

Apache (1891) Length, 188 .feet: beam. 29
feet; draft. 9 feet 3 inches: displacement.
700 tons: three three-pounder grins; Balti-
more, Md.

Bear (1874) Length. 198 feet; beam. 28%
feet: draft. 18 feet 2 inches; displacement,
1.700 tons: speed, 8 knots: three six-
pounder guns; San Diego, Cal.

Comanche (1896) Length. 170 feet 8 inches;
beam. 27 feet: draft. 9% feet: displacement,
670 tons: speed. 13 knots; two six-pounder
guns: Galveston. Tex.

Gresham (1897) Length. 205% feet; beam.
32 feet: draft. 12% feet; displacement. 1,090
tons: speed, 17 knots; four six-pounder
guns: Boston. Mass.

Itasca (1893) Length, 189% feet; beam. 32
feet: draft, 13 feet 10 inches; displacement.
980 tons: speed 14% knots; four six-pounder
guns; practice ship.

Manning (1897) Length, 205 feet; beam. 32
feet: draft. 13 feet 9 inches: displacement.
1.150 tons; speed, 17 knots; four six-pound-
er guns: Norfolk. Va.

Morrill (1889) Length. 145 feet 3 inches;
beam, 24 feet; draft. 9% feet; displacement.
420 tons: one three-pounder gun; Detroit.
Mich.

Onondaga (1898) Length. 205% feet: beam.
32 feet: draft. 13 feet 2 inches: displace
ment. 1.190 tons; four six-pounder guns:
New London, Cann.

Ossipee (1915) Length, 165 feet 10 inches;
beam. 32 feet; draft. 11 feet 6 inches: dis-
placement. 008 tons; four rapid-fire six

pounder guns: speed, 12% knots; Portland.
Me.

Pamlico (1907) Length, 158 feet; beam. 30
feet; draft, 5 feet 8 inches; displacement.
450 tons; two three-pounder guns- New-
bern, N. C.

Seminole (1900) Length. 188 feet; beam.
29% feet: draft. 11 feet 8 inches; displace-
ment, 845 tons: nominal speed. 16% knots:
four six-pounder gams: Wilmington, N. C.

Seneca (1908) Length. 204 feet; beam. 34
feet: draft. 17 feet 3 inches; displacement.
1,445 tons; speed. 12% knots, four six-
P"ounder guns; used exclusively as a derelict
destroyer; New York. N. Y.

Snohomish (1907) Length. 152 feet: beam.

29 -feet: draft. 15 feet 5 inches: displace-
ment. 880 tons; two one-pounder guns: used
chiefly for life saving purposes om north
Pacific coast; Port Angeles, Wash.

Tallapoosa (1915) Length, 165 feet 10 inches:
beam 32 feet: draft, 11 feet 6 inches: dis-
placement, 9>12 tons: speed, 12% knots: oil
burner: four rapid-fire six-pounders; Mo-
bile. Ala.

Tuscarora (1902) Length. 178 feet: beam.

30 feet: draft. 10 feet 11 inches; displace-
ment, 740 tons; one three-pounder gun: Key
West. Fla.

Unalga (1912) Length. 190 feet: beam. 32%
feet: draft. 14 feet 1 inch; displacement.
1,180 tons; speed. 12% knots: three six-
pounder guns: San Francisco, Cal.

Yamacraw (1900) Length. 191 feet 8 inches;
beam, 32% feet: draft. 13 feet; displacement.
1,080 tons; four six-pounders. Savannah. Ga.
River Cutters.

Kankakee (1919) Length. 182 feet; beam.
34 feet: draft. 3% feet; displacement. 428
tons; speed, 12% knpts; general service, Mis-
sissippi and Ohio rivers.

Yocona (1919) Length. 182 feet; beam. 34
feet: draft. 3% feet; displacement, 428 tons;
speed. 12% knots; general service. Mississippi
and Ohio rivers.

Harbor Cutters and Launches.

Arcata (1903) Tug; length, 85 feet: displace-
ment, 140 tons; Port Townsend. Wash.

Arundel (1873) Harbor vessel; length, 102
feet; displacement, 140 tons; South Balti-
more, Md.

Calumet (1894) Harbor boat: length, 94%
feet: displacement, 170 tons; New York.

Davey (1908) Harbor vessel; length, 92%
feet; displacement. 180 tons; New Orleans.

Golden Gate (1896) Harbor vessel; length.
110 feet; displacement, 240 tons; San Fran-
cisco, Cal.

Guide (1907) Motor boat; length. 70 feet;
New York, N. Y.

Guthrie (1895) Harbor vessel; length, 88
feet: displacement. 150 tons: Philadelphia.

Hudson (1893) Harbor vessel; length. 96%
feet: displacement. 180 tons: New York.

Mackinac ( 1903) Harbor vessel; length, 110
feet; displacement. 240 tons; Boston. Masa.

Manhattan ( 1918) Harbor vessel; length. 120
feet: displacement, 407 tons: New York.

Tioga (1916) Harbor vessel: length, 81 feet
3 inches: Baltimore, Md.

Winniainnet (1903) Harbor vessel: length.
36% feet; displacement. 180 tons; Boston.

Wissahickon (1904) Harbor vessel; length.
96% feet; displacement, 195 tons; Philadel-

There are in addition a number of minor
vessels used for various purposes.

Station Ship.
Colfax Length, 179 feet 5 inches; bfeatn 35

feet: draft, 10 feet; displacement. 486 tons;

used as station ship at service depot. Arundel

Cove. Md.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

WEATHER FORECASTS AND SIGNALS.

The operations of the weather bureau of the
department of agriculture are based on ob-
servations of the weather taken at about 200
observatories throughout the United States at
the same moment of time and telegraphed
daily to Washing-ton. D. C., and to other im-
portant cities. These observations, comprising
barometric pressure, temperature, precipita-
tion, winds and clouds, are entered upon out-
line charts of the United States by means of
symbols, forming the "daily weather map."
from which the forecasts are made. These
forecasts are issued every day for every state
in the union, and whenever necessary special
warnings are sent out of storms, frosts, cold
waves, heavy snows and floods. In addition

to the main office in Washington, there are
subordinate forecast centers in Chicago, New
Orleans, Denver, San Francisco and Portland.
Ore. Weather forecasts for a week in advance
are now sent out from Washington.

The forecasts are first telegraphed to about
2,300 principal distributing points, whence
they are further disseminated by telegraph,
telephone and through the mail by means of
forecast cards, rural free delivery slips and
newspapers.

It is estimated that the total number of
persons in the United States to whom the
weather forecasts are available is more than
4,000,000.

No. 1.
White flag.

Clear or
fair weather.

No. 3.

White and blue
flag.

No. 4. No. 5.

Black trian- White flag- with blac'"
gular flag. square in center.

Rain or snow.

Temperature.

Cold wave.

Local rain or

snow.
WEATHER FLAGS.

When No. 4 is placed above No. 1, 2 or 3 I remain about stationary. During the late
it indicates warmer; when below, colder; when spring and early fall the cold-wave flag is
not displayed, the temperature is expected to I used to indicate anticipated frosts.

Small craf t.Northwest winds.Southwest wmds.Northeast winds.Southeast winds."Hurricane" signal

STORM-WARNING FLAGS.
Small craft warning A red pennant indi-
cates that moderately strong winds are ex-
Storm warnings A red flag with a black
center indicates that a storm of marked vio-
lence is expected. The pennants displayed with
the flags indicate the direction of the wind:
Red. easterly; white, westerly (from south-
west to north). The pennant above the flag
indicates that the wind is expected to blow
from the northerly quadrants; below, from
southerly quadrants.

By night a red light indicates easterly winds
and a white light above a red light westerly
winds.

Two red flags, with black centers, displayed
one above the other, indicate the expected
approach of tropical hurricanes, and also of
those extremely severe and dangerous storms
which occasionally move across the lakes and
northern Atlantic coast. Hurricane warnings
are not displayed at night.

FAST RAILROAD RUNS.

Eastbound express train No. 4. of the New
York Central, on Sunday, May 14. 1919. being
more than an hour behind time, traversed the
division from Elkhart. Ind.. to Toledo, O.,
133.01 miles, in 1 hour 54 minutes, or at the
rate of 70 miles an hour. From Millersburg,
Ind., eighteen miles east of Elkhart. to Nasby
tower, about four miles short of Toledo, a dis-
tance of 111.31 miles, the time was 1 hour 27
minutes, equal to 76.76 miles an hour.

The train cons sted of seven steel cars, weigh-
ing about 940.900 Ibs.

Equally good time was made over this divi-
sion, westbound, by the Twentieth Century lim-
ited, on May 25. 1903. but that train had
only four cars. On June 8. 1905. a train of
the Pennsylvania lines, western division. No.
18. eastbound. second section, three cars, was
nin fifty m les at 79 miles an hour; 100 miles
at 77.2 miles an hour; and 200 miles, includ-

ing two stops, at 71.3 miles an hour. On
Oct. 24 of the same year a Pennsylvania spe-
cial train of four cars, westbound, weighing
260 tons, was run from Crestline. O.. to Clarke
Junction. Ind., 257.4 miles, at 74.55 miles an
hour. In this run a distance of 131 miles was
covered at 77.81 miles an hour.

RACES OF THE WORLD.

The six great races of mankind according to
Whitaker's Almanack are divided as follows:

R ace Number.

Mongolian ......................

Red Indian ! .' .' .' .' .' .' .' '.'.'. '.'.'. '. .' ..... . 23.000.000

Total ............................. 1.646,000,000

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

THERMOMETERS COMPARED.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION TABLE.

There are three kinds of thermometers, with

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

varying scales, in general use throughout the
world the Fahrenheit, Reaumur and centi-
grade. The freezing and boiling points on
their scales compare as follows:
Thermometer. Freezing pt. Boiling pt.

2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10
6 12
7 14

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70

Fahrenheit 32 degrees 212 degrees

8 16

24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80

Reaumur zero 80 degrees

9 18

27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90

Centigrade zero 100 degrees

10 20
11 22
12 24
13 26
14 28

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110
36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130
42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140

The degrees on one scale are reduced to
their equivalents on another by these formulas :
Fahrenheit to Reaumur Subtract 32, multi-

ply by four-ninths.
Fahrenheit to Centigrade Subtract 32, mul-
tiply by five-ninths.
Reaumur to Fahrenheit Multiply by nine-

15 30
16 32
17 34
18 36

45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150
48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160
51 68 85 102 119 136 153 170
54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180

fourths, add 32.

19 38

57 76 95 114 133 152 171 190

Reaumur to Centigrade Multiply by five-
fourths.

20 40
21 42

60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
63 84 105 126 147 168 189 210

Centigrade to Fahrenheit Multiply by nine-

22 44

66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220

fifths, add 32.

23 46

69 92 115 138 161 184 207 230

Centigrade to Reaumur Multiply by four-

24 48

72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240

fifths.

25 50

75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

COMPARATIVE SCALES.

26 52
27 54

78 104 130 156 182 208 234 260
81 108 135 162 189 216 243 270

Centigrade to Fahrenheit.

28 56

84 112 140 168 196 224 252 280

C F

C F C F

29 58

87 116 145 174 203 232 261 290

_.30=. . 22^0
-29=.. 20.2
28= . .18.4
_M7=.. 16.6
__J6=. .14.8
r-25=: .13.0
-!4=. .11.2
23= : . 9.4
22=. . 7.6
1 58

-9= 15'.8 12 = 53.'6
8= .,..176 13= 55.4
7= 19.4 14= 57.2
6 21 2 |15= ...59.0

30 60
31 62

i is

34 68
35 70
36 72
37 74
38 76
39 78

IS 8

42 84
43 86
44 88
45 90

4t* OO

90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
93 124 155 186 217 248 279 310
96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320
99 132 165 198 231 264 297 330
102 136 170 204 238 272 306 340
105 140 175 210 245 280 315 350
108 144 180 216 252 288 324 360
111 148 185 222 259 296 333 370
114 152 190 228 266 304 342 380
117 156 195 234 273 312 351 390
120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400
123 164 205 246 287 328 369 410
126 168 210 252 294 336 378 420
129 172 215 258 301 344 387 430
132 176 220 264 308 352 396 440
135 180 225 270 315 360 405 450

5= 23.0! 16= 60.8
4= 24.8 17= 62.6
-3= 26.6 18= 64.4
,:= 28.4 19= 66.2
-1= 30.2 20= 68.0
....32.0 '21 69.8

_-20=. . 4.0
19=. . 2.2
-18=. . 0.4
17=.. 1.4
li!=.. 3.2
I r y _ 50

1 33 8 i22 ...71.6

2=::... 35.6|23= 73.4
3= 37.4 24 = 75.2
4= 39.2 25= 77.0
5= 41.0 26= 78.8
6 42 8 27 80.6

-14=:: 6.8

13=.. 8.6

7= 44.6 28= 82.4
8= 46.4 29 = 84.2

o y/s
47 94
48 96

138 184 230 2'76 3& 368 414 460
141 188 2.35 282 329 376 423 470
144 192 240 288 336 384 432 480

1 % : = . . 10.4

9= 48.2 30 = 86.0

49 98

147 196 245 294 343 392 441 490

-11=.. 12.2

10= 50.0 50= 122.0

50 100

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 600

-10=.. 14.0

11= 51.8 100=. ...212.0

Reaumur to Fahrenheit.

RAILROAD TRAIN SPEED.

11. F.

R. F. R. F.

Time
1 mile.

T me
1 mi:,-. Milrs

1 mile. Mllei

_:0=. .35.5
_ 9= _33 2

9= 11.7 12= 59.0
8 ...14.0 13= 61.2

Min.Seo.

0:36...

p-rl^r

100 00

Slin>eo. p- li "r

1 -08 52.94

" i - ec. per hour

1:40 36.00

- s= 31.0

7= 16.25 14= 63.5

0:37...

..97.301 1:09 52.17

1:41 35.64

7=". .28.7

-6= 18.5 15= 65.7

0:38...

..94.74 1:10 51.43

1:42 35.29

- (> = .26.5

-5= 20.7 16= 68.0

0:39...

..92.31

1:11 50.70

1:43 34.95

-, 04 2

4 23 17 . 70.2

0'40

90 00

1-12 50.00

1 :44 34.61

!=: '.22:0

-3= 25.2 18= 72.5

0:41...

..87.80

1:13 4931

1 45 34.29

3 19 7

2 275 19 74.7

0-42...

. 85.71

1-14 ..48.65

1:46 33.96

2=. .17.5

-1 = 297 20= 77.0

0:43...

..83.72

1:15 48.00

1:47 33.64

1 15 2

32 21 79.2

0-44...

..81.82

1-16 47.37

] 18 33.33

0= .13.0

1= 34.2 22 = 81.5

0:45...

..80.00

1:17 46.7

1 49 33.03

19=. .10.7

2= 36.5 '23= 83.7

0:46...

..78.26

1-18 46.15

1:50..... 32.73

18= 8 5

3 _ 38 7 124 86

'47. ..

. .76.59

1-19 45.57

1:51 32.43

17=: . 6.2

4 = 41.0 25 = 88.2

0:48...

..75.00

1:20 45.00

1:52 32.14

16= . 4.0

5 = 43.2 20= 90.5

0:49...

. . 73.47

1:21 44.44

1 53 31.86

15= . 1.7

6= 45.5 127= 92.7

0:50...

..72.00

1-22 43.90

1:54 31.58

14= . 0.5
_13= 2.7

7 47.7 28= 95.0

0:51...
0:52...

..70.59
. .69.23

1:23 43.37
1-24 42.86

1 55 31.30
1:56 31.03

8 50 29 = 97.2

12= . 6.0

9= 52.2 30= 99.5

0:53...

..67.92

1:25..... 42.35

1 57 30.77

11= . 7.2

10= 54.5 50= 144.5

0:54...

..66.66

1:26 41.86

1:58 30.51

10= 9 5

11 ..5R.7 100= 257.0

0:55...

. .65.45

1:27 41.38

l-:59 30.25

0:56...

..64.29

1:28 40.91

2 00 30.00

WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES.

0:57...
0:58...
0:59...

. .63.16
..62.07
..61.02

1 ;29 40.45
1:30 40.00

i-03."lil&52

1-31 39.56

2:04 29.03

First Cotton. Fifteenth Crystal.
Second Paper. Twentieth China.

1:00...
1:01...

..60.00
..59.02

1:32 39.13
1:33 3871

2:06 28.57
2 08 28.12

Third Leather. Twenty -fifth Silver.
Fifth Wooden. Thirtieth Pearl.

1:02...
1:03...

..58.06
..57.14

1:34 38. 9
1:35 37.89

2-10 27.69
2:12 27.27

Seventh Woolen. Fortieth Ruby.
Tenth Tin. Fiftieth Golden.

1:04...
1:05...

..56.25
. . 55.38

1:36 37.50
1:37 37.11

2:14 26.87
2:16 26.47

Twelfth Silk and fine Seventy-fifth Diamond
linen.

1:06...
1:07...

..54.55
. . 53.73

1:38 36.73
1:39 36.36

2:18 26.06
2:20 26.72

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR IQ'21.

FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES.

Executive order of May 29, 1916.

It is hereby ordered that national flag's and
union jacks for all departments of the govern-
ment. with the exception noted under (a), shall
conform to the following- proportions:

Hoist (width) of flag. 1.

Ply (length) of flag. 1.9.

Hoist (width) of union, 7-13.

Fly (length) of union .76.

Width of ea<:h stripe, 1-13.

(a) Exception: The colors carried by troops
and camp colors shall be the sizes prescribed
for the military service (army and navy).

Limitation of the number of sizes: With the
exception of colors under note (a) the sizes of
flag's manufactured or purchased for the gov-
ernment departments will be limited to those
with the following- hoists:

(1) 20 feet: (2) 19 feet (standard); (3)
14.35 feet: (4) 12.19 feet; (5) 10 feet: (6)
8.94 feet; (7) 5.14 feet; (8) 5 feet; (9)
3.52 feet; (10) 2.90 feet; (11) 2.37 feet;

Union' jacks: 'The size of the jack shall be
the size of the union of the national flag- with
which it is flown.

The national flag- of the United States n9w
consists of thirteen alternate red and white
stripes, representing- the original thirteen states.
and a blue field on which are forty-eight white
stars arranged in six rows of eight stars each,
representing- the forty-eight states now consti-
tuting- the union. The last two stars were
added in 1912 when New Mexico and Arizona
were officially admitted as states.

Laws are in force in some of the states for-
bidding the desecration or mutilation of the
flag or its use in any way for advertising- pur-
poses. A federal law forbids the use of the
national flag on trade-marks.

The national flag was officially adopted by
congress June 14, 1777. Accordingly June 14
is now generally observed as Flag Day.

WHEN AND HOW TO USE THE FLAG.
[By E. B. Wicklander.]

The flag should not be raised before sun-
rise and should be lowered at sunset, but may
fly at all times during war if intended for
patriotic and not advertising purposes. In
stormy weather it is considered unkind to
permit the flag to fly except in battle, where
it may wave night and day without regard
for weather.

or w<
The

flag in times of peace is not permitted
by correct usage to float all night except at
grave of Francis Scott Key. author of
j Star Spangled Banner."

Displaying the Flag The flag, out of doors,
should be flown from a pole whenever pos-
sible, or a wire or rope. In the United
States army all flags are suspended from poles
and in no other way. The blue field is
placed farthest from the house displaying it.
except when facing a parade, with the flag
suspended across the street with the stripes
perpendicular, in which case the blue field
goes in the upper left hand corner as viewed
by the parade.

While raising or lowering the flag, it must
not touch the ground; care for it tenderly
and respectfully.

Driving nails in the flag to hold it in place
is considered wrong. Preferably it should be
tied with red, white or blue cord, or tri-
colored cord.

Colors on Parade When the colors are pass-
ing on parade or in review, the spectator
should, if walking, halt: if sitting, arise,
stand at attention and uncover: men to re-
move their hats and women to bow their

heads. All military
stand at salute

men are required to

Used in Decoration- When the flag is hung w . w .r,.
vertically (eo it can be viewed from one side a fine of 8100.

only) the blue field should be at the right as
one faces it. When hung horizontally the
field should be at the left. The flag should
never be placed below a person sitting.

Desecration of the Flag No advertisement
or lettering of any sort should ever be placed
upon the flag, or any object, especially mer-
chandise for sale, placed upon it: nor should
it ever be used as a trade-mark. It should
not be worn as the whole or part of a cos-
tume, and when worn as a badge it should
be small and pinned over the left breast or

coat or
be worn

to the left collar lapel.

When worn as an emblem on tl
other garment, no other token shoul
above it.

The flag in any form should never appear
on towels, handkerchiefs, aprons or other utili-
tarian clothes of any kind, nor used as a table
scarf.

When Portrayed The flag when portrayed
by an illustrative process should always have
the staff so placed that it is at the left of
the picture, the fabric floating to the right.
In crossing the flag with that of another na-
tion, the United States flag should be at the
right.

Used as a Banner Wlien the flag is used as
a banner, the blue field should fly to the
north in streets running east and west, and
to the east in streets running north and south.

Half -Mast or Used on a Bier Before plac-
ing the flag at half-mast on Memorial day or
when officially required as a symbol of
mourning, it must have been raised to the top
of pole or staff and then lowered at or near
the center of the staff.

When the flag is placed over a bier or cas-
ket, the blue field should be at the head.

On Memorial day, May 30 The national flag
should be displayed at half-mast until noon,
then hoisted to the top of the staff, where it
remains until sunset.

Days When the Flag Should Be Flown
Washington's birthday. Feb. 22; Lincoln's
birthday. Feb. 12; Mothers' day. second Sun-
day in May; Memorial day. May 30; Flag day,
June 14; Independence day. July 4; also many
local patriotic anniversaries.

FLAG DISPLAY DAYS IN CHICAGO.

In accordance with an order issued May 8,
1915. the American flag should be hoisted on
the buildings of Chicago under the jurisdiction
of the city government on all election days and
on the following anniversaries:
Feb. 12 Lincoln's birthday.
Feb. 15 Sinking of the Maine.
Feb. 22 Washington's birthday.
Apr. 19 Battle of Lexington.
May 30 Memorial day.
June 14 Flag day.
June 17 Battle of Bunker Hill.
July 4 Independence day.
Oct. 9 Chicago day.
Oct. 12 Columbus day.
Oct. 17 Battle of Saratoga.
Oct. 19 Surrender of Yorktown.
Nov. 25 Evacuation of Yorktown.

On all the foregoing dates the flag should be
hoisted at full mast, with the exception of
Memorial day and the anniversary of the sink-
ing of the Maine, when it should be at half-
mast. The hotfrs of displaying the flag are
from sunrise to sunset.

By an ordinance passed Feb. 5. 1917. by the
Chicago city council, the playing of the "Star
Spangled Banner" in public places in any way
except as an entire and separate composition
and without embellishments of national or
other melodies is prohibited. The playing of
the air as dance music or for an exit march
is also prohibited. Violation of the ordinance
by proprietors or performers is punishable by

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES USED IN THE UNITED STATES.

120 fathoms

7 % cable lengths
5.280 feet
6,080 feet

3 marine miles

4 gills
2 pints

LONG MEASURE.
12 inches = 1 foot.
3 feet = 1 yard = 36 inches.

6% yards = 1 rod = 16V 2 feet.
40 rods = 1 furlong = 660 feet.

8 furlongs = 1 mile = 5,280 feet.

MARINERS' MEASURE.
6 feet = 1 fathom.

= 1 cable length.
= 1 mile.
= 1 statute mile.
= 1 nautical mile.
= 1 marine league.
LIQUID MEASURE.
= 1 pint. I 4 quarts = 1 gallon
= 1 quart. I 31 % gallons= 1 barrel
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 square inches = 1 square foot.
9 square feet = 1 square yard.
30 \ square yards = 1 square rod.
160 square rods = 1 acre.
640 acres = 1 square mile.

36 square miles = 1 township.
CUBIC MEASURE.
1.728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot.
27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard.
128 cubic feet = 1 cord of wood or stone.
1 gallon contains 231 cubic inches.
1 bushel contains 2,150.4 cubic inches.
A cord of wood is 8 feet long, 4 feet wide and
4 feet high.

DRY MEASURE.

2 pints = 1 quart. I 4 pecks = 1 bushel.

8 quarts = 1 peck. I 196 Ibs. flour=l barrel.

CUP MEASURES.*
1 cup gran, sugar = % pound.

1 cup butter ,= % pound.

1 cup lard = % pound.

1 cup flour = ft pound.

1 cup rice == % pound.

1 cup corn meal = 5 ounces.

1 cup raisins (stemmed) = 6 ounces.
1 cup currants (cleaned) = 6 ounces.
1 cup bread crumbs (stale) = 2 ounces.
1 cup chopped meat = % pound.

*Approximate only.

EQUIVALENTS OF CAPACITY.

(All measures level full.)
3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon.

% fluid ounce = 1 tablespoon.

16 tablespoons = 1 cup.

2 gills = 1 cup.
% liquid pint = 1 cup.

8 fluid ounces = 1 cup.

1 liquid pint = 2 cups.

16 fluid ounces = 2 cups.

CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.

60 minutes = 1 degree.

860 degrees = 1 circle.

1 degree = 60 geographic miles.

1 geographic mile = 1 .1527 statute miles

1 degree of the equator= 69.124 statute miles.

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
20 grains = 1 scruple. I 8 drams = 1 ounce.

3 scruples= 1 dram. I 12 ounces = 1 pound.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
27 11-32 I 1 6 ounces= 1 pound.

grains = 1 dram. 2.000 Ibs = 1 short ton.
16 drams = 1 ounce. I 2.240 Ibs = 1 long ton.

TROY WEIGHT.

24 grains = 1 pennyweight.

20 pennyweights = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.

TIME MEASURE.

60 seconds = 1 minute I 24 hours = 1 day.
60 minutes = 1 hour. I 365 days = 1 year.
100 years = 1 century.

CLOTH MEASURE.

2% inches = 1 nail. I 4 nails = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 yard.

MISCELLANEOUS.

3 inches = 1 palm. I 6 inches = 1 span.

4 inches = 1 hand. I 18 inches = 1 cubit.

21.8 inches = 1 bible cubit.
2 % feet = 1 military pace.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.

7.92 inches = 1 link. I 4 rods = 1 chain.
25 links = 1 rod. I 10 chains = 1 furlong
8 furlongs = 1 mile.

COUNTING.

12 things = 1 dozen. I 12 gross = 1 great gr.
12 dozen = 1 gross. I 20 things = 1 score.

STATIONERS' TABLE.

24 sheets = 1 quire. I 2 reams 1 bundle.
20 quires = 1 ream. I 5 bundles = 1 bale.
SIZES OF BOOKS.

Pages.Lea ves . Sheet .

Folio 4 2 1

Quarto (4to) 841

Octavo (8vo.) 16" 8 1

Duodecimo (12mo.) 24 12 1

Octodecimo (18mo.) 36 18 1

THE METRIC SYSTEM.

The metric system is in general use in all
the principal nations of Europe and America
with the exception of Great Britain. Russia
and the United States, where it is authorized
but not compulsory. Its use for scientific pur-
poses is common throughout the world.

Weights.

Milligram (.001 gram) =

Centigram (.01 gram) =

Decigram (.Igram)
Gram =

Decagram (10 grams) =

Hectogram (100 grams) =
Kilogram (1,000 grams) =
Myriagram (10.000 grams) =
Quintal (100.000 grams)

.0154 grain.
.1543 grain.
1.5432 grains.
15.432 grains.
.3527 ounce.
3.5274 ounces.
2.2046 pounds.
22.046 pounds.
220.46 pounds.

Millier or tonneau ton 1 1.000.000 grams)

= 2,204.6 pounds.
Dry.

Milliliter (.001 liter)

Centiliter (.01 liter)

Deciliter (.1 liter)

Liter

Decaliter (10 liters)

Hectoliter (100 liters)

.061 cubic inch.
= .6102 cubic inch.
= 6.1022 cubic inches.
= .908 quart.
= 9.08 quarts.
= 2.838 bushels.

Kiloliter (1,000 liters) =1.308 cubic yards.

.0388 fluid ounce.

.338 fluid ounce.
= .845 gill.
= 1.0567 quarts.
= 2.6418 gallons.
= 26.418 gallons.
= 264.18 gallons.

Milliliter (.001 liter)

Centiliter (.01 liter)

Deciliter (.1 liter)

Liter

Decaliter (10 liters)

Hectoliter (100 liters)

Kiloliter (1,000 liters)

Length.

Millimeter (.001 meter)
Centimeter (.01 meter)
Decimeter (.1 meter)
Meter.

Decameter. (10 meters)
Hectometer (100 meters)
Kilometer (1,000 meters)

= .0394 inch.
= .3937 inch.
= 3.937 inches.
= 39.37 inches.
= 393.7 inches.
= 328 ft. 1 in.

= .62137 mile
(3.280ft. 10 in.?
Myriameter (10.000 meters) = 6.2137 miles.

Surface.

Centare (1 square meter) = 1.550 sq. in.

Are (100 square meters) = 119.6 sq. yds.

Hectare (10,000 sq. meters) = 2.471 acres.

METRIC CONVERSION TABLES.

Centimeters.
1...

Inches.
. 0.393
. 0.787

3 1.181

4 1.574

5 1.968

6... .... 2.362

7 2.755

8 3.149

9... .. 3.543

10... .. 3.937

Inches. Centimeters.

1 2.540

2 5.080-

3 7.620

4 10.160

5 12.700

6 15.240

7 17.780

8 20,320

9 22.860

10... 25.400

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Meters.

Feet.
3.280

Square
inches.

Square
centimeters.

Hectares.

Acres.
17 297

Kilograms.

Pounds.
2.204

3
4

9.842
13 i"3

51.612
58 063

8
9

...19.769
22.240

6 613

8 818

16404

64 514

Acres.
j

24.711
Hectares.
404

5
6

11.023
13 227

19 684

Square
meters.
1

Square
feet.
10.764

.. .22.965

7 .. .

15 432

26.24(5

0.809

17.636

9
10

29.527
32.808

3' "

21.528
3 292

3
4

5";;;;;;
6

1.214
.. 1.618
.. 2.023

.. 2.428

9
10
Pounds.
1

,19.841
22.046
Kilograms.
453

Feet.
1...

Meters.
.. 0.304

43 055

53.819
64 583

2...

.. 609

2 8^2

907

914

75.347
86 111

3 *>37

1 360

4...

1.219
1.524

3 6^2

1 814

96 874

... 4 046

5..

.. 2267

. 1.828

1 O

....107.638
Square
meters.
0.092

Cubic
meters.
1

Cubic
yards.
1 307

2 721

7...

.. 2.133

Square

i! e !-...

3 175

a....

2.436

8..

3 628

2.742

2.615

4.082

Meters.
1
2
3
4

Yards.
1.093
2.187
3.280
.. 4.374

2
3
4
5
6

.. 0.185
. 0.278
.. 0.371
.. 0.464
0.557

3. ..

5...
6

7...
g

3.923
5.231
.. 6.539
7.847
.. 9.155
10 463

Metric
tons.
1

4.634

Long
tons.
0.984
. 1.968
2 95

10
Yards.
1
2
3

5.463
6.561
7.655
.. 8.749
9.842
,,10.936
Meters.
, 0.914
1.829
, , . 2.743
3 657

8
9
10
Square
meters.

2...
3
4
5

.... 0.742
0.836
0.928
Square
yards.
.. 1.196
. 2.392
3.588
,, 4.784
5.980

9...

10
Cubic
yards.
1
2...,,
3
4
5
6

.11.771
13.079
Cubic
meters.
0.764
.. 1.529
2.293
3.058

4.587

4....
5
6
7
8
9
10
Long
tons.
1

, , 3.936
4.921
.... 5.905
,. 6.889
7.873
8.857
9.842
Metric
tons.
1.016

6
7
8
9
10
Kilometers

.. 4.571
.. 5.486
6.400
. 7.315
8.229
, 9.143
Miles.
.. 0.621

6
7
8
9
10
Square
yards.
1

.. 7.176
8.372
9.568
10.764
11.960
Square
meters.
0.836

8 6.116
9 6.881,
10 7.645
Centigrams. Grains.
1 0.154
2 0.308
3 0.463

s::::::::;-

5
6
7...
8
9
10

... 3.048
4.064
, 5.080
6.096
7.112
8.128
9.144
10 160

4...
5

1.243
1.864
... 2.486
3.106

2
3...
4
5

1.672
2.508
3.344
4.181

5
6
7
8...

0.771
0.925
1.080
.. 1.234

Cubic
yards.
1

Cubic
meters.
0.764
1.529

6
7...
8
9

3.728
... 4.349
4.971
5.592

6
7
8...
9

5.017
5.853
. 6.689
7.525

9
10
Grains.

1.388
1.542
Centigrams.

3
4
5
6...

2.293
3.058

3.822
.. 4.587

10
Miles.
1
2
3
4

6.213
Kilometers.

1.609
.. 3.218
.. 4.827
6.437

Square
kilometers
1

8.362
Square
miles.
. 0.386
... 0.772
.. 1.158

3
4
5
6...
tj

..12.959
19.439
..25.919
32.399
.38.879
4.c q-q

7
8
9
10

Cubic
meters.

5.351
.... 6.116
. 6.881
7.645
Cubic
feet.

5
6
7
8

18:::

.. 8.046
9.655
.11.265
.12.874
.14.483
16.093

4
5
6
7...
8
9

1.544
1.930
.. 2.316
.. 2.702
... 3.088
3.474

8
9
10
Grams.
1

51.839
58.319
64.798
Ounces (av.)
0.035

I...

2
3
4
5
6

. . 35.314
. 70.629
.. 105.943
...141.258
..176.572
...211.887

Square square
centimeters. inches.
1 0.155

10
Square
miles.

3.860
Square
kilometers.

3
4

0.070
0.105
0.140

7
8
9

..247.201
282.516
...317.830

3.....
4
5

0.465
0.620
0.775

2
3
4
5 .

5.184
7.776
10.368
12.960

0.211
246

10
Cubic
feet.
I

353.144

Cubic
meters
08

8
9

0.282
.. 0.317

.. 0.930

1.085
1.240

6...

...15.552

.. 0.352

084

7...

...18.144

Ounces (av.) Grams.
1 28.349

113

1.395

20.736

5...

0.141

10
Square
inches.
1

1.650
Square
centimeters.
6 452

9
10

23.328
25 920

2
3

56.05)9
85 048

6...

.... 0.169
01 QS

Hectares.
1

Acres.
2 471

4
5

, ,, 113.398
141 747

8...
<)

0.226

(j
3
4
5
6

12.903
19.354
25.806
32.257
38.709

3 .

... 4.942
7.413

..170.097
198 446

10
Liters
(liquid).

0.283
Quarts
(liquid) .
1.056
.. 2.113

4
6
6

9.844
12.355
15.552

26 790

9
10

255.145

...282.796

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Liters
(liquid).

. . .

4" .. 4.226

5:::: ........... 5.283

6 . ...... 6.341

.. 7.396
S'.'.'. ......... 8.453

9 .. 9.510

K)! ............... 10.566

Quarts Liters

(liquid). (liquid).

1 ..... 0.i7*O

.. 1.892

.. 2.839
4'" ... ..... 3.785

.. 4.731
6 ........... 5.678

.. 6.624

8" .. 7.570

9:::: ........... 8.572

10 ............. 9.463

Quarts Hectoliters. Bushels.

(li ^ d ->-- \ :!?!

3"! .. 8.513

4.'.' 11.350

5 14.188

6 ...17.026

?:: 19.864

8 .. ...22.701

9 25.396

10 28.376

Bushels. Hectoliters.

1 0.352

2... 0.704

.. 1.057
4 1.409

6 .... 1.761
6 2.114

7 2.466

8 .. 2.819
9... .... 3.171

10.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 3.522

Metric Equivalents.

= 0.06480 gram.
= 28.3495 grams.

0.45359 kilogram,
rams,
rams.

1.1012 liters.
= 8.8098 liters.
= 0.35239 hectoliter.
= 0.94636 liter.
= 3.78543 liters.
= 25.4001 millimeters.
= 2.54001 centimeters.
= 0.0254 meter.
= 0.3048
= 0.9144
= 1.6093
= 645.16
= 0.0929
= 0.8361
= 2.5900
= 0.4017
= 16.387

1 grain

1 pound = 0.45359 ki

1 dram (apoth.) = 3.6967 gr

1 scruple (apoth.) = 1.2322 gr

1 quart (dry)

1 peck (dry)

1 bushel

1 quart (liq.)

1 gallon

linch

1 inch

Ifoot

lyard

Imile

1 sq. inch

1 sq. foot

1 sq. yard

1 sq. mile

1 acre

1 cubic inch

1 cubic foot

1 cubic yard

CONVERSION FIGURES.

meter.

kilometers.

sq. millimeters.

sq. meter.

sq. kilometers.

hectare.

cu. millimeters.
0.02832 cubic meter.
7645 cubic meter.

Multiply by
.04
.4
3.3

To reduce

Millimeters to inches...
Centimeters to inches . .

Meters to feet

Meters to yards

Kilometers to yards 1093.Q

Kilometers to miles nr -*"

Inches to millimeters " iL

Inches to centimeters t-o'*

Feet to meters

Yards to meters /

Yards to kilometers -000!

Miles to meters -1609

Miles to kilometers '"XM e

Square millimeters to square inches .UUlo

Square centimeters to square inches .155

Square meters to square feet 10.76

Square meters to square yards

Square inches to square millimeters 645.

Square inches to square centimeters 6.45

Square feet to square meters .09

Square yards to square meters .83

Cubic centimeters to cubic inches. . .06

Cubic meters to cubic feet 35.3

Cubic meters to cubic yards 1 .3

Cubic meters to gallons 220.

Liters to gallons

Liters to cubic feet

Liters of water to pounds

Cubic inches to cubic centimeters . .

Cubic feet to liters

Cubic feet to cubic meters

Cubic feet to gallons

Cubic feet of water to pounds

Cubic yards to cubic meters

Gallons to liters

Gallons to cubic meters

Gallons to cubic feet

22
.035
2.2
16.4
28.3

.03
6.2
62.27
.76
4.5
.0041
.16

To reduce Multiply by

jallons of water to pounds 10.

Pounds of water to gallons .1

Pounds of water to cubic feet .016

Pounds of water to liters .454

Milligrams to grains .015

rams to grains 15.4

rams to ounces .035

Kilograms to ounces 35.3

Kilograms to pounds 2.2

Kilograms to cwt .02

Kilograms to tons .001

Grains to milligrams 64.8

rains to grams .65

Ounces to grams 28.35

Pounds to grams 453.6

Pounds to grains troy 7000.

Pounds to kilograms .45

wt. to kilograms 50.8

Tons to kilograms 1016.

Grams per sq. cm. to pounds per

sq. in .014

Kilograms per sq. mm. to pounds

per sq. in 1422.

Kilograms per sq. cm. to pounds

per sq. in 14.2

Kilograms per sq. cm. to tons per

sq. It 9

Pounds per sq. in. to grams per

sq. cm 70.3

Pounds per sq. in. to kilograms per

sq. cm .07

Tons per sq. ft. to kilograms per

sq. cm 1.09

Pounds per sq. in. to tons per

sq. ft .064

Tons per sq. ft. to pounds per sq. in. 15.5
Pounds per sq. in. to head of

water (meters) .7

Pounds per sq. in. to head of water

(feet) 2.3

Tons per sq. ft. to head of water

(meters) 10.7

Tons per sq. ft. to head of water

(feet) 36.

Head of water (meters) to pounds

per sq. in 1.4

Head of water (meters) to tons per

sq. ft .09

Head of water (feet) to pounds per

sq. in .43

Head of water (feet) to tons per

sq. ft .027

Atmosphere to pounds per sq. in.... 14.7

Atmosphere to tons per sq. ft .94

Pounds per sq. in. to atmospheres.. .07

Tons per sq. ft. to atmospheres 1.06

Dynes per sq. cm. to grains per

sq. in .1

Grains per sq. in. to dynes per sq.

cm 9.8

Foot pounds to joules 1.35

Foot pounds to kilogrammeters .14

Kilogrammeters to foot pounds 7.2

Kilogrammeters to pounds deg. F... .009

Kilogrammeters to joules 9.8

Kilogrammeters to calories 2.34

Calories to kilogrammeters .42

Calories to joules 4.158

Horsepower to kilogrammeters per

second 76.

Horsepower to foot pounds per

minute 33000.

Horsepower to watts 746.

Watts to foot pounds per minute... 44.
Watts to kilogrammeters per sec. .1
Meters per second to feet per min-
ute 197.

Feet per minute to meters per sec-
ond .005

Feet per minute to miles per hour. . .0113

Miles per hour to feet per minute.. 88.

ELECTRICAL UNITS DEFINED.

Ohm Unit of resistance: represents resistance

offered to an unvarying electric current by a

column of mercury at the temperature oi

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

ica. 14.5421 grams in mass, of a cross-sec-
tional area of 1.00003 square millimeters and
of the lengrth of 106.3 centimeters.

Ampere Unit of current, decomposes .0009324
of a gram of water in one second or de-
posits silver at the rate of .001118 of a
gram per second, when passed through a
solution of nitrate of silver in water.

Volt Unit of electromotive force: one volt
equals one ampere of current passing through
a substance having one ohm of resistance.

Coulomb Unit of quantity; amount of elec-

tricity transferred by a current of one am-
pere in one second.

Farad Unit of capacity: capacity of a con-
denser charged to a potential of one volt by
one coulomb. A microfarad is one-millionth
of a farad.

Joule Unit of work; equivalent to energy ex
pended in one second by one ampere current
in one ohm resistance.

Watt Unit of power; equivalent to work done
at the rate of one joule per second. A kilo-
watt is 1.000 watts.

Coin.

Achrefi (sold )*....
Argentina ( gold ) * .
Balboa (gold)*
Bolivar (gold)*...
Boliviano (gold)*.

Cash (copper)

Cent

Centavo (copper)..
Centime (copper) . .

Colon (gold)*

Condor ( gold )

Condor (gold)

Condor ( gold )

Cordoba (gold)*...

Crown (gold)*

Crown ( gold ) *

Crown (gold)

Crown ( gold )

Crown (gold)

Dinar (gold)*

Dinero (silver)

Dollar (gold)*.,...

Dollar (gold)*

Dollar (silver)*...

Dollar (gold)

Drachma (gold)...
Escudo (gold)*...
Farthing (copper)

Florin (silver)

Florin (silver)....

Florin (gold)*

Franc (silver)*....
Franc (gold)*... .

Franc (gold)*

Gourde (gold)*....
Guilder (gold)*...

Guinea ( gold )

Gulden (silver)

Heller (silver)

Kopeck (copper)..

Kran ( silver ) *

Krone (see crown)

Leu (gold)

Libra (gold)*

Lira (silver)*

Lira (gold)

Mark (gold)*

Markka (gold)*...
Medjidie (gold)....
Milreis (gold)*....

Milreis (gold)

Napoleon (gold)...

APPROXIMATE VALUE

U.S.
Country. equivalent.

.Persia S.095

.Argentine Republic. 4.820

.Panama 1.000

.Venezuela 193

.Bolivia 389

.China 006

.China 005

.Mexico 005

.France 002

Costa Rica 465

.Salvador 5.000

.Chile 7.300

.Colombia 10.000

.Ecuador 4.900

.Nicaragua 1.000

.Austria 202

.Denmark 268

.Great Britain 1.220

.Norway 268

.Sweden 268

.Serbia 193

.Peru 050

.British Honduras 1.000

.Newfoundland 1.000

.British possessions.. 1.000

.Colombia 9733

.Liberia 1.000

.Straits Settlements.. .557

. China 475

Santo Domingo 1.000

.Greece 193

.Portugal 1.080

.Great Britain 005

.Austria 400

.Great Britain 490

.Netherlands 402

.France 193

.Belgium 193

.Switzerland 193

.Haiti 250

.Netherlands 402

.Great Britain 5.040

.Austria 480

.Austria 004

.Russia 005

.Persia 070

iRoumania 193

.Peru 4.866

.Italy 193

.Turkey 4.400

.Germany 238

.Finland 193

.Turkey 880

.Brazil 546

.Portugal 1.080

.France r . 3.860

Piaster (silver).
Piaster (silver)*
Piaster (gold)*.
Pound (gold)*.,
Pound (gold)*..
Ruble (gold)*...
Rupee (gold),

OF FOREIGN COINS.

U.S.
Coin. Country. equivalent.

Onlik (silver) Turkey 400

Ore ( copper ) Scandinavia 0025

Para (silver) Turkey 001

Penny (copper) Great Britain 020

Perper (gold) Montenegro 203

Peseta (gold)* Spain 193

Peso (gold)* Argentine Republic. . .965

Peso (gold)* Chile 365

Peso (gold) Colombia ... 1.000

Peso (gold)* Cuba 1.000

Peso (silver)* Gautemala 398

Peso (silver)* Honduras 398

Peso (silver) Salvador 398

Peso (gold)* Mexico 498

Peso (gold)* Paraguay 398

Peso (gold)* Philippines 500

Peso (gold)* Uruguay 1.034

Pfennig ( copper ) . . .Germany 0025

Piaster (silver) Cochin China 550

.Cyprus 030

.Indo-China 1.001

. Turkey .044

.Egypt 4.943

.Great Britain 4.865

.Russia 514

.India 324

Scudo (gold, silver) Italy 950

Sen (copper) Japan 005

Shilling (silver) Great Britain 240

Sixpence ( silver )... Great Britain 120

Sol (silver) Peru 490

Soldo (copper) Italy 010

Sovereign (gold) ...Great Britain 4866

Sucre (gold) Ecuador 487

Tael (silver) *t China 828

Tical (gold)* Siam 370

Yen (gold)* Japan 498

*At the beginning of each quarter the sec-
retary of the treasury proclaims the estimate
by the director of the mint of the pure metal
contents of foreign coins in terms of the money
of accpunt of the United States, to be followed
in estimating the value of all foreign mer-
chandise exported to the United States during:
the quarter, expressed in any such metallic
currencies. It is not the exchange value.
Coins in the foregoing table marked with an
asterisk (*) are those the value of which has
been estimated by the director of the mint.
tThe tael is a unit of weight, not a coin. The
customs unit is the Haikwan tael (value
$1.5457). The values of the other taels are
based on their relation to the Haikwan tael.
The Yuan silver dollar of 100 cents is the
monetary unit of the Chinese republic: it is
equivalent to 0.644 plus of the Haikwan tael.

COAST LINE OF THE UNITED STATES.

In nautical miles.

Atlantic coast 1.773

Gulf coast 1,607

Porto Rico 269

Pacific coast 1,571

Alaska 4.123

Hawaiian islands 628

Guam 80

Midway 20

Samoan islands

Northern lakes and rivers.

1.!!!..'..! 3,041

Western rivers 4.344

Total . . .17,639
Philippines 11.444

Grand total .28,988

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

STATUTORY WEIGHTS OF THE BUSHEL.

STATE OH
TERRITORY

United States

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts..

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

New Hampshire....

New Jersey

New Fork

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon..

Pennsylvania
Rhode Island....
South Carolina..
South Dakota....

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

W 54

JO 5(i

_. 32
66
M
56

56 3(

70- 48

GO .

50 57 4

5060

Note Rye meal takes 48 pounds to the
bushel in the District of Columbia and 50 in
Maine. Massachusetts, New York. Rhode Island
and Wisconsin. The metric system is used in
the Philippines and Porto Rico.

TABLE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

Compared with water.

Water, distilled.. 100

Water, sea 103

Alcohol 84

Aluminum 256

Ash

Beer .

Brass

Butter

Cedar

Chalk

Cider

Coal

Copper

Cork

Diamond

Ebony

Fir

84
102
840

61
279
102
130
895

24
353
133

Glass 289

Gold
Ice

1.926
92

Iron, cast 721

183
1.135
106
75
270
103

Milk, goat's 104

. 117
. 134
.2.150
. 226
.1,047
. 783
. 203
. 729
. 99
67

. 100
Zinc 691

Ivory

Lead

Mahogany
Maple ....
Marble ...
Milk, co\v'

Oak
Opium
Platina ...
Porcelain .

Silver

Steel

Sulphur . . .

Tin

Turpentine
Walnut ..
Wine ..

LONGEST RAILWAY TUNNELS.

Railway and country. Miles. Yards.

Simplon. Switzerland-Italy 12 458

St. Gothard. Switzerland-Italy 9 564

Loetschberg, Switzerland 9 55

Mont Cenis. France-Italy 7 1.730

Arlberg-. Austria 6 404

Ricken. Switzerland 5 578

Tauern. Austria 5 546

Ronco. Italy 5 277

Tenda. Italy 6 58

Transandine, Chile-Argentina 5 .....

Conaught, Canada 5 ....

Karawanken, Austria 4 1.683

Hoosac, United States 4 1.320

Borzallo, Italy 4 700

Severn, England 4 636

Turchina. Italy 4 10

Wocheiner, Austria 3 1,647

Mont d'Or. France-Switzerland 3 1.320

Albula. Switzerland 3 1.150

Totley, England 3

Peloritana. Sicily 3 686

Gravehals, Norway 518

Standedge. England 62

Woodhead. England

Cascade. United States 1.080

Khojak. Baluchistan 2

Snoqualmie, United States 2 48"

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

No
given
at 7
Tim
Amt.

SIMPLE INTEREST TABLE.

',e To find the amount of interest at 2% per cent on any given sum. divide the amount
for the same sum in the table at 5 per cent by 2: at 3% per cent divide the amount
per cent by 2, etc.

Int. 1
3

2 3

567

10 20

3 4

5 6 Year.
1 3

1 1
1 2
1 2
1 2

124
2 3 5
236
347

5...

1 1
1 1

1 i 2

236

4
5

1
1

1 2
1 2
1 2

3 3
3 4
4 5

4 5 1
5 12
6 7 14

3
4 .

1 1
1 2

i i

2 4

2 3

3 4
4 5
5 6
5 7

4 r>
5 6 12
6 8 15
8 9 18
9 11 21

1 1
1 1

1 2
1 2
2 3
2 4
2 5

3 4
4 5
5 7
6 8
7 9

5 6 12
6 8 16
8 10 20
10 12 24
12 14 28

1 1
1 1

1 2

1 1

. .

3...

1
1 1
1 1

1 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
3 6

4 5
5 6
6 8
8 10
9 12

7 8 15
8 10 20
10 13 25
13 15 30
15 18 35

5
6

1 1

$10

3...
4

i
i

1 1
1 1
1 2

2 2
2 2

1 1
1 2
2 3
2 3

2 4

2 5
3 6
4 8
5 10
6 12

7 10
10 13
13 17
15 20
18 23
19 25
25 33
31 42
38 50
44 58

12 15 30
16 20 40
21 25 50
25 30 60
29 35 70
31 38 75
41 50 1.00
52 63 1.25
63 75 1.50
73 88 1.75

1 1
1 1

$25

3
4. ...
5. ...
6. ...

7. ...

1
1

1
1
1

1
2
o

1 1

2 2
2 3
2 3

2
2
3
3

1 1

2 2
3 3
3 3

4 4

2 4
3 5
3 7
4 8
5 10

6 12
8 16
10 21
13 25
15 29

$50

3. .
4. ...
5. . 1
6. . 1
7. . 1

1
1

3
3

2 2
3 3
3 4
4 5
5 6

4
5
6

3 4
4 5

6 6
7 8
8 9

4 8
6 11
7 14
8 17
9 19

12 25
16 33
21 42
25 50
29 58

37 50
50 67
63 83
75 1.00
88 1.17

62 75 1.50
83 .00 2.00
1.04 .25 2.50
1.25 .50 3.00
1.46 .75 3.50

$100

Years
1 ..

3. . 1
4. . 1
5. . 1
6. . 2
7. . 2

2
3
3
4

3%
1.03
1.04
1.06
1 07
1.09
1.10
1.1-!
1.14
1 16
1.17
1.19
1 21

J/74
1.20
1.28

4
5
6

4
6

7
8

456
668
7 8 10
8 10 12
10 12 14

6 7
9 10
11 13
13 15
16 18

8 16
11 22
14 28
17 33
19 39

25 50
33 66

42 83
50 1.00
58 1.17

75 1.00 1.25 .50 3.00
1.00 1.33 1.67 .00 4.00
l/?5 1.67 2.08 .50 5.00
1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 6.00
1.75 2.33 2.92 3.50 7.00

LAR.

4%. 5%. 6%. 7<.
1.42 1.55 1.70 1.85
1.45 1.59 1.75 1 92
1.48 1.63 1.80 l!98
50.50 131.50 340.00 868.00

DOUBLES AT INTEREST,
t. Interest.
mp'd. Simple.Comp'd.
5feavs. Rate. Years. Years.
69.664%... 22.22 15.75
46.565 20.00 14.21
35.005%... 18.18 12.94
28.076 16.67 11.90
23.456%... 15.38 11.00
20157 14.29 10.24
17.677%... 13.33 9.58

COMPOUND INTERES

47r. 5%. 6%. 7%.
1.04 1 05 1.06 1.07
1.06 1.07 1.09 1.10
.08 1.10 1.12 1.14
.10 1.13 1.15 1.18
.12 1.15 1.19 1.22
.14 1.18 1.22 1.27
.17 .21 1.26 1.31
.19 .24 1.30 1.36
.11 .28 1.34 1.41
PA .31 1.38 1.45
.6 .34 1.42 1.51
1.29 .37 1.46 1.56
1.31 .41 1.51 1.61
1.34 .44 1.55 1.67
1.^7 .48 1.60 1.73
1.39 .52 1.65 1.79

r ON ONE DOL

Years. 3%.
9 1.30

9%..
10...

1.32
1 34

100....

WHEN

Rate.
1

....19.25

MONEY
Interes
Simple.Co
Years. '
.100.00
66.66
. 50.00
4000
. 33.33
28.57
. 25.00

a...

t~LL

6...

6%...

ft
HE:

Z*:::

8H...

:::::::::::

LANGUAGES OF THE

According 1 to Whitaker's Almanack the prin-
cipal European lang-uagres are divided as fol-
lows:

Engrlish... 160.000. 000
German . .lio.ooooon
Russian
French

Snnnish .. 50.000.000
Italian ... 50.000.000

.100.000.000 Portuguese 25.000.000
. 70.000.000 '
Swedish is spoken by 5.500.000 persons:

WORLD.

by 8.000.000: Bohemian or Czech by

Norwegian and Danish by 6.000,000: Serbo-

7.000.000: Bulgarian by 5.600.000: Dutch by
3.500.000: Polish by 16.000000: Greek by
9.000.000 and Flemish by 3.500.000. Chinese
is spoken by some 400.000.000 people if all
the various dialects are included. Japanese by
53.000.000 and Hindustani by about 100,000.-
000. There are about 5.000 different lan-
guages spoken in the world.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

DAYS OF GRACE, INTEREST AND STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

STATE.

o ae

INTEREST.

LIMITATIONS.

STATE.

INTEREST

LIMITATIONS.

u %

. o

Yrs.

5
4
4
6

3
5
6
5
10
10
10
5
15
5
6
3
6
6
6
6
10

a -

Yrs.
8
5
4
6
6
6
6
3
6
15
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
5
6
10
6
5

Alabama.

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes*
No
Yes*
No
No
Yes
No

P. ct.

8
8
6
6
7
8
6
6
6
8
7
7
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6

b
5
7
6
6

P.ct.
8
12
10
12
Any
Any
6
6
10
10
8
12
7
8
8
10
6
8
Any
6
Any

10
8
8

Yrs.
20
10
10
5
5
20

7
6
20
20
20
5
15
10
20
12
20
10
10
7
10

Yrs.
3

1
3
3
4
6
6

4
4
5
6
5
3
5
3
6

Mont
Nebn
Neva
New!
New
New I
New 1
North
North
Ohio
Oklab
Orego
Penn
tthod
South
South
Tenn<
Texa?
Utah.
Verm
Virgil
Wash
West
Wiscc
Wyoti

ana.,
iska .
da....

No
No
No
No"
. No
Yes
. No
. Yes
. No
No
Yes
\es
No
Yos'
Yes
Yes
No
Yes'
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

P.ct

8
7

6
6
6
6
6

7
6
6
8
6
6

6
8

P.ct
Any
10
Any
6
t;
12
6
6
12
8
10
10
f)
Any
8
12
6
10

6
6
12
6
10
12

Yrs.
10
5
6
20
20
7
20
10
10
15
5
10
5
20
10
20
10
10
8
8
20
g
10
20
21

Yrs.
5
4
4
6
6
4
6
3
6
6

6
6
6
6
6
2
4
6
2
3
5
6
8

Alaska

Arizona.. ..

lamp
Jersej
lexic
fork.
Caro
Dakt

shire.

California...
Colorado

lina"
ta. ...

Connecticut
Delaware

Dist. of Columbia.
Florida

Idaho

Illinois

sylvania.. . .
3 Island
Carolina....
Dakota
jssee

Indiana
Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky ....

Louisiana
Maine

Maryland
Massachusetts.. . .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

jnt. . .

lia

in^to
Virgn
nsin
ing..

i
lia...

*Sight, yes; demand, no. tUnder seal 10. tNo la\

T. Negotiable notes t>, nonucgotiable 17.

TABLE OF

MONTHLY WAGES.

DAYS.

$10

$11

$12

$13

$14

$15

$16

$17

$18

$19

$20

$21

$22

$23

^N8
1.77
2.65
3.54
4.42
5.31
6.19
7.08
7.96
8.S5
9.73
Kl.fl2
11.50

!-'.:

13.27
14.15
15.04
l/i.92
16., si
17.69
18. -8
19.46
20.35
21.23
22.12

$24

192
1.S5
2.77
3.69
4.62
5.54
6.46
7.38
8.31
9.23
10.15
11.08
12.00
12.92
13.85
14.77
15.69
16.62
17.54
18.46
19.38
20.31
21.23
22.15
23.08

$25

1)8
1.92
2.88
3.85
4.81
6.77
6.73
7.69
8.65
9.62
10.58
11.54
12.50
13.46
14.42
15.38
16.35
17.31
18.27
19.23
20.19
21.16
22.12
23.08
24.04

1
2

l!l
1.54
1.9$

2.31
2.6!
3. OS
3.4t
3.85
4.23
4.tt
5.00
5.3fc
5.77
6.15
6.54
6.92
7.31
7.6i)
8.08
8.4fc
8.85
9.23
9.62

.42
.85
1.27
1.6!
2.12
2.54
2.9t
3.38
3.81
4.23
4.65
5.08
5.50
5.92
6.35
6.77
7. ID
7.62
8.04
8.4b
8.88
9.31
9.73
10.15
10.58

.4ti
.92
1.38
1.85
2.31
2.77
3.23
3.6!)
4.15
4.62
5.08
5.44
.OU
6.4b
6.92
7.38
7.85
8.31
8.77
9.23
9.6!
10.15
10.U2
11.08
11.54

.51
1.0.
1.5C
2.0t
2.5t
3.01
3.5T
4.0C
4.5C
5.0C
5.5C
6.0C
6.5C
7.0t
7.5C
8.00
8.50
9.0C
9.51
10.01
10. 5C
11.01
11.51
12.00
12. 5C

.54
1.08
1.83

2.15

2.69
3.23
3.77
4.31
4.85
15.38
5.92
6.4b
7.00
7.54
8.08
8.62
9.15
9.69
10.23
10.77
11.31
11.85
112.38
12.92
13. 4b

.56

1.73
2.31

2.88
3.4t
4.04
4.62
5.18
5.77
6.35
6.92
7.50
8.08
8.65
9.23
9.81
10.38
10.9t
11.54
12.12
12.18
13.27
13. 85
14.42

.62
1.23
1.85
2.4b
3.08
3.69
4.31
4 92
5.54
6.15
6.77
7.38
8.00
8.62
9.23
9.85
10.46
11.08
11.69
12.31
12.92
13.54
14.15
14.77
15.38

.65
1.31
1.96
2.62
3.27
3.92
4.58
5.23
5.8S
6.54
7.19
7.85
8.50
9.15
9.81
10.46
11.12
11.77
12.42
13.03
13.73
14.38
ir.,04
15.69
16.35

.69
1.38
2.08
2.77
3.46
4.15
4.85
5.54
6.23
6.92
7.62
8.31
9.00
9.69
10.38
11.08
11.77
12.46
13.15
13.85
14.54
15.23
15.92
16.62
17.31

.73
1.46
2.19
2.92
3.65
4.38
5.12
5.85
6.58
7.31
8.04
8.77
9.50
10.23
10.96
11.69
12.42
13.15
13.88
14.62
15.35
16.08
16.81
17.54
18.27

1.'54
2.31
3. OS
3.85
4.02
5.3H
6.15
6.5*2
7.69
8.46
9.23
10.00
10.77
11.64
12.31
13.08
18.85
14. &
15.38
16.15
16.94
17.69
18.41!
19.23

.81
1.62
2.42
3.23
4.04
4.85
5.65
6.46
7.27
8.08
8.88
9.69
10.f>0
11.31
12.12
12.92
13.73
14.54
lo.3o
16.15
16.96

isiss

19. 38
20.19

.85
1.60
2.54
3.38
4.23
5.08
5.92
6.77
7.62
8.46
9.31
10.15
11.10
11.85
12.H9
13.54
14.38
15.->3

ir,. 08

16.112
17.77
18 C2
lit 46
2(1.31
21.15

4 -....
5

6
S.'.'.'.

10" "

11:::

12 :....

13
14
15....

18
19...

20
21
22
23
24..

Per
year. m
$20 is 5
25
30
35

Per Per Per
onth. week. day.
fl.67 $0.38 $0.05
2.08 .48 .07
2.50 .58 .08
2.92 67 .10
333 .77 .11
3.75 .86 .12
4.17 .96 .14
4.58 1.06 .15
5.00 115 16
5.42 1.25 .18
583 1.34 .19
6.25 144 .21
6.67 1.53 .22
7.08 1.63 .23
7.50 1.73 .25
7.92 1.82 .26

ABLE OF YEARLY WAGES.

Per Per Per Per
year. month, week. day.
$100 is $8.33 $1.92 $0.27
105 .. 8.75 2.01 .29
110 9.17 2.11 .30
115 9.58 2.21 .32
120 ...10.00 2.30 .33
125 10.42 2.40 .34
130 10.83 2.49 .36 J
135 11.25 2.59 .37
140 11.67 2.69 .38
145 ....12.08 2.78 .40
150 12.50 2.88 .41
155 12.92 2.97 42
160 13.33 3.07 4*
165 13.75 3.16 45
170 14.17 3.26 .47
175 14.58 3.3C *o

Per Per Per Per
year. month, week. day.
5180 is.... $15. 00 $3.45 $0.49
185 .... 1542 3.55 .51
190 .... 15.83 3.64 .52
195 .... 16.25 3.74 .53
200 . 16.57 3.84 .55
205 .... 17.08 3.93 .56
210 .... 17.50 4.03 .58
215 . 17.92 4.12 .59
220 .... 18.33 4.22 .60
225 . 18.75 4.31 .62
230 . 19.17 4.41 .63
235 .... 19.58 4.51 .64
240 .. 20.00 4.60 .66
245 . . 20.42 4.70 .67
250 .... 20.83 4.79 .69

to 5 ::::::

55
60

65
70

75
80
85
99
95

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

WEIGHTS OF DIAMONDS

The weight of diamonds and other precious
stones is expressed in metric carats. The unit
is the international carat of 200 milligrams,
which has been officially adopted by the
United States and most of the countries in
Europe. Until July 1, 1913, there were three
different standards in use in the United States.
although the one generally accepted was 205.3
milligrams. This was usually subdivided on
the binary system, the smallest subdivision
being 1-64 of the carat. The new carat is
subdivided on the decimal system.
Equivalents of old carats in new metric carats :
Old carat. New metric. Old carat. New metric.
1-64 02- R ft i ft

AND FINENESS OF GOLD.

Old carat. New metric. 1 Old carat. New metric.
400 410.60 1,000 1,026.50
600 513 25 '

Equivalents of new me
New carat. Old carat.
1 62-64
2 161-64

'trie carats in old carats :
New carat. Old carat.
20 1931-64
25 2423-64

3 2 59-64

50 4845-64
75 73 4-64
100 9727-64
200 19454-64
300 29216-64
400 389 43-64

4... . 357-64

5 . 4 66-64

6... . 554-64

7 ... 6 52-64

8 7 51-64

!) 849-64

500 487 6-64
1,000 97412-64

1-32... . 0.03

7 7.19

10 947-64
15 14 39-64

%... . 013

9... 9.24

The fineness of gold is also expressed in
carats. Pure gold is said to be twenty-four
carats fine. If it contains eight parts of a
baser metal or alloy it is only sixteen carats
fine. The carats therefore indicate the pro-
portion of pure gold to alloy. Most of the gold
used by jewelers is about fourteen carats fine,
having ten parts of alloy.

*/4 26

10 10.26

%. . 0.61

25... 25.66

1 1 03

50. . 51.32

2 05

75 76 99

3 08

100 102.65

4 4.11
5... . 6.13

200 205.30
300... .. 307.95

THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS DIAMONDS.

Name. Carats.

Cullinan 3,025

D'Angleterre (blue). 44%

Etoile Polaire 40

Etoile du Sud 124

Grand Due deToscane 133.16

Great Mogul 2793-16

Name. Carats.

Imperatrice Eugenie. . 61
Kohinoor (1st cutt'g).279
Kohinoor <2d cutti'g) .106 1-16
Loterie d'Angleterre. . 49

Nassak 78%

Orloff 194%

Name. Carats.

Pacha d'Egypt 40

Regent 136%

Sancy 53%

Shah 86

Tiffany , . .969

Tiffany (yellow) 126

ABBREVIATIONS OF

Following: is a list of some of the more com-
mon abbreviations used after the names of per-
sons to designate title, rank, degree, member-
ship in societies, orders or public bodies, etc.:

A. R. A. Associate of the Royal Academy.

B. A. Bachelor of Arts.
B. D. Bachelor of Divinity.

B. Sc. Bachelor of Science.

C. B. Companion of the Bath.
C. E. Civil Engineer.

C. I. E. Companion of Order of Indian Empire.

8. J. Chief Justice.
. M. G. Companion of Order of St. Michael
and St. George.

C. V. O. Companion of Victorian Order.

D. D. Doctor of Divinity.
D. Sc. Doctor of Science.

D. S. O. Distinguished Service Order.

F. R. G. S. Fellow of the Royal Geographical

Society.
F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society.

tP. Justice of the Peace.
. C. King's Counsel.
. C. B. Knight Commander of the Bath.

TITLES, DEGREES, ETC.

K. C. M. G. Knight Commander of Order of St.

Michael and St. George.
K. C. V. O. Knight Commander of the Victorian

Order.

K. G. Knight of the Garter.
L. H. D. Doctor of Humanities.
LL. B. Bachelor of Laws.
LL. D. Doctor of Laws.
Litt. D. Doctor of Literature.
M. A. Master of Arts.
M. C. Member of Congress.
M. D. Doctor of Medicine.
M. P. Member of Parliament.
M. V. O Member of the Victorian Order.
N. A. National Academician.
O. M. Order of Merit.
P. C. Privy Councilor.
Ph. D. Doctor of Philosophy.
R. A. Royal Academician.
S. J. Society of Jesus.
S. T. D. Doctor of Sacred Theology.
U. S. A. United States Army.
U. S. N United States Navy.
V. C. Victoria Cross.

BURIAL PLACES

George Washington Mount Vernon. Va.

John Adams Quincy, Mass.

Thomas Jefferson Monticello. Va.

James Madison Montpelier. Va.

James Monroe Richmond. Va.

John Quincy Adams Quincy. Mass.

Andrew Jackson Hermitage, Nashville. Tenn.

Martin Van Buren Kinderhook. N. Y.

William Henry Harrison North Bend. O.

John Tyler Richmond. Va.

James Knox Polk Nashville, Tenn.

Zachary Taylor Springfield, Ky.

OF PRESIDENTS.

Millard Fillmore Buffalo. N. Y.
Franklin Pierce Concord. N. H.
James Buchanan Lancaster. Pa.
Abraham Lincoln Springfield, 111.
Ulysses S. Grant New York. N. Y.
Rutherford B. Hayes Fremont. O.
James A. Garfield Cleveland. O.
Chester A. Arthur Albany. N. Y.
Benjamin Harrison Indianapolis. Ind.
William McKinley Canton. O.
Grover Cleveland Princeton. N. J.
Theodore Roosevelt Oyster Bay, N. Y.

ROMAN

I
II

AND AR;

*BIC NUMERALS.

IX 9
X 10

THE PULSE AT DIFFERENT

Newborn infants, per minute
First vear per minute .

AGES.

130 to 140
115 to 130
95 to 110
85 to 96
80 to 90
70 to 75
60 to 76

Ill
IV

3
4
5

L
C
D

100
500

Second year, per minute
Third year, per minute

jt;..:.;...

VII

6
7

M
MCMX

TOGO
1910

Seventh to fourteenth year, per min

Tn adult, ne-p npr mirmto

VIII

MCMXXI

1921 In old age. per minute...

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS IN THE WORLD.

CONTINENTAL ALTITUDES.

In order to compare the elevations in the
United States with those in foreign countries
the following- list is given, but some of the

figures, showing- feet above and below sea
level, must be considered as approximate

only:

Continent.

Highest point.

Below sea
level (ft.).

Above sea
cr'unuiimib. jj.ieu.coi/ i^umi/. level (ft.). Lowest point. itjveivii.j.

North America;- Mount McKinley, Alaska 20, 300.. Death valley. California 276

South America. Mount Aconcaerua, Chile- Argentina.22, 868.. Sea level

Europe Mont Blanc, France 15. 781. .Caspian sea, Russia 86

Asia Mount Everest, India-China 29,002.. Dead sea. Palestine 1.290

Africa Kilimanjaro, German Bast Africa.. 19, 7^U. .Desert of Sahara 150

Australia Mount Kosciusko, New South Wales 7.350.. Lake Torrens. South Australia 26

HIGHEST MOUNTAINS.

Mountain. Feet.

Asia

Mt. Everest... 29,002
Godwin - Aus-
ten 28,250

Kunchinginga.28,146

Mokalu 27,790

Dhawalagiri. .26,826
Gusherbrum .26,378

Mountain.
Nanda Devi..
Kakapushi ____
Kutha Kangir.24.740
Mustaghata ..24.400
Chumalari ...2
Pioneer Peak. 2

South America

Feet.

i:i8

4.740
4.400
3.946
3.000

2.868

Mountain.
Mercedario
Huascaran .
Illimani ....
Sorata
Anconhuma
Illamipu . . .
Huandoy . .
Paniri

Feet.
.22,315
.22,051
.21.930
.21.500
.21,490
.21,490
.21.089
.20,735

Mountain. Feet.

Chimbonazo ..20,517
Tupungato . .20,286

Haina 20,171

San Jose 20.020

Misti 20,013

North America
Mt. McKinley.20,300

Alaska Feet.

Mt. Me Kinley 20,300

St. Elias 18,024

California

Mt. Whitney 14,502

Fisherman peak 14,448

Mt. Shasta 14.380

Mt. Corcoran 14.093

Kaweah peak 13,752

Mt. Brewer 13.886

Mt.Lyell 13,090

Colorado

Mt. Elbert 14,402

Blanca peak 14,465

Mt. Harvard 14.375

Gray's peak 14,341

HIGH MOUNTAINS IN THE UNITED STATES.

Feet.

Mt. Lincoln 14,297

Uncompahgre peak 14.289

Long's peak 14,255

State and place

Mt. Princeton 14,196

Mt.Yale 14,187

Pike's peak 14.108

Mt. of Holy Cross 14.170

Idaho

Hyndman peak 12.078

Montana-
Granite peak 1112.834=

Mt. Wood 12.750

Cold mountain 12.610

Mt. Villa 12,200

Mt. Hague 12.100

HIGHEST POINT IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY.
[From table compiled by the United States geological survey.]

Feet.

Snobank Mt 12,000

Oregon Mt. Hood 11.225

Utah King's peak 13,498

Mt. Emmons 13,428

Gilbert peak 13.422

Mt. Lovenia 13,250

Tokewanna peak 13.200

Wilson peak 13.095

Washington

Mt. Rainier 14.363

Mt. Adams 12.470

Wyoming-
Fremont peak 13.790

Grand Teton 13.691

Cloud peak 13,165

Elevation.

Alabama. Che-aw-ha mountain 2,407

Alaska, Mount McKinley 20,300

Arizona. San Francisco peak 12,611

Arkansas, Magazine and Blue mountains 2,800

California, Mount Whitney 14,502

Colorado, Blanca peak 14.465

Connecticut, Bear mountain 2,355

Delaware. Centerville 440

District of Columbia. Tenley ............. 420

Florida. Mount Pleasant .................. 301

Georgia, Brasstown Bald mountain ...... 4,768

Idaho. Hyndman peak .................... 12,078

Illinois, Charles mound, Jo Daviess CO.. 1.241
Indiana, Carlos, Randolph county ........ 1,210

Iowa, five miles southeast of Sibley ..... 1.670

Kansas, west boundary north of Arkan-

sas river ................................ 4,135

Kentucky. Big Black mountain, Harlan

county ................................ 4.100

Louisiana, summits in western parishes. 400
Maine. Mount Katahdin (west) .......... 5.273

Maryland. Backbone mountain ........... 3,340

Massachusetts, Mount Greylock .......... 3,505

Michigan, Porcupine mountain .......... 2,0

State and place.

Elevation.

Rhode Island. Durf ee hill 805

South Carolina. Sassafras mountain 3,548

South Dakota. Harney peak 7,242

Tennessee. Mount Guyot 6,636

Texas, El Capitan, Guadaloupe mountain 9.020

Utah, King's peak 13,498

Vermont. Mount Mansfield 4,364

Virginia, Mount Rogers , 5,719

Washington. Mount Rainier 14,363

West Virginia. Spruce Knob 4,860

Wisconsin. Rib hill. Marathon county. . . 1.940

Wyoming 1 . Fremont peak 13.790

Guam. Mount Jummulong Mangloc 1,274

Hawaii. Mauna Kea 13.823

Philippines, Mount Apo 9,610

Porto Rico, Luquillo mountains 3,532

AREAS OF OCEANS AND GREAT LAKES.

Oceans. SQ. miles.

Antarctic. 5.731,350
Arctic ... 4.781,000
Atlantic. .34,801.400
Indian ...17.084,000
Pacific ...67.699,630

-HjLi.tji.iig an, or ui uuiJiiit; muun tctm. ...*.. ,. ,o,~ T -i -r> , i t or*rk

Minnesota. Mesabi range. St. Louis CO.. 1.920 Lakes Baikal 13.000

.
Mississippi, Holly Springs ............... 600

Missouri, Tom Sauk mountain ........... 1.750

Montana. Granite peak ................. 12,850

Nebraska. Banner county ............... 5,350

Nevada. Wheeler peak ................... 13,058

New Hampshire. Mount Washington ..... 6,293

New Jersey, High Point ................. 1.809

New Mexico, North Truchas peak ....... 13,306

New York. Mount Marcy ................. 5.344

North Carolina. Mount Mitchell .......... 6.711

North Dakota, south part of Bowman co. 3,500

Ohio. Campbell's hill. Logan county

1,550

. . ..... ,

Oklahoma, west end Cimarron county. . 4.750
Oregon, Mount Hood ..................... 11.225

Pennsylvania. Blue Knob .............. 3.136

Chad

Erie

Great Bear

50,000

Sq. miles.

Great Slave 12,000

Huron 23.800

Michigan 22,450

Nyassa 12,000

Ontario 7.240

Superior 31.200

Tanganyika ....15.000

9,960 I Victoria Nyanza.26.500
10.000 i Winnipeg 9.000

AVERAGE DEPTH OF OCEANS AND SEAS.

Feet.
Antarctic 10,800

Arctic

Atlantic

Indian .... .... .11,136

Pacific 12,960

5.160
.12,200

Baltic

122

Bering 900

Feet.

Caribbean 7,614

China 402

Gulf of Mexico 4,632

Japan 7.320

Mediterranean... 4.560

North 300

Okhotsk 5,040

The mean depth of all the oceans and seas
is estimated to be from 2 to 2% miles.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

STATE MOTTOES.

Following: are the mottoes adopted by the
various states of the union and appearing 1 on
their state seals except as otherwise noted:

Alabama Here we rest.

Arizona Ditat Deus (God enriches).

Arkansas Regnant populi (The people rule).

California Eureka (I have found it).

Colorado Nil nisi numine (Nothing 1 without
Providence) .

Connecticut Qui transtulit sustinet (Who
transplanted sustains).

Delaware Liberty and independence.

Florida In God we trust.

Georgia Wisdom, justice, moderation.

Idaho Esto perpetua (May it be perpetual).

Illinois State sovereignty, national union.

Indiana (No motto).

Iowa Our liberties we prize and our rights
we will maintain.

Kansas Ad astra per aspera (To the stars
through difficulties).

Kentucky United we stand, divided we fall.

Louisiana Union, justice, confidence.

Maine Dingo (I direct).

Maryland Fatti maschii, parole femine
(Deeds, men; words, women).

Massachusetts Ense petit placidam sub lib-
ertate quietem (By the sword he seeks repose
settled under liberty).

Michigan Si quseris peninsulam amoenam.
circumspice (If you seek a delightful penin-
sula, look about you).

Minnesota L'etoile du nord (Star of the
north).

Mississippi (No motto).

Missouri Salus populi suprema lex esto (Let
the people's safety be the supreme law).

Montana Oro y plata (Gold and silver).

Nebraska Equality before the law.

Nevada All for our country.

New Hampshire (No motto).

New Jersey Liberty and prosperity.

New Mexico Crescit eundo (It increases or;
it advances).

New York Excelsior (Higher).

North Carolina ,Esse quam videri (To b
rather than to seem).

North Dakota Liberty and union, now and
forever, one and inseparable

Ohio (No motto).

Oklahoma Labor omnia vincit (Labor con-
quers all things).

Oregon The union.

Pennsylvania Virtue, liberty and independ-
ence.

Rhode Island Hope.

South Carolina Animis opibusque parati
(Ready in soul and resource) and Dum spiro
spero (While I breathe I hope).

South Dakota Under God the people rule

Tennessee Agriculture, commerce.

Texas Has no official motto, but "Texas one
and indivisible." adopted by the Daughters of
the Republic of Texas, is sometimes used.

Utah Industry. (State seal indicates indus-
try and independence.)

Vermont Freedom and unity.

Virginia Sic semper tyrannis (Thus ever to
tyrants).

Washington (No motto).

West Virginia Montani semper liberi (Moun-
taineers are always free).

Wisconsin Forward.

Wyoming- Equal rights.

United States E pluribus unum (Out of
many, one) .

STATE NICKNAMES AND FLOWERS.

State.

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas. . . .

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois*

Indianat

Iowa

Kansas ...

Kentucky

Louisiana. . . .

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi. . . .

Montana

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

Nickname. Flower.

Cotton state Goldenrod.

Sequoia cactus.

.Bear state Apple blossom.

Golden state.. . Poppy.
Centennial state Columbine.
Nutmeg state. ..Mountainlaurel.
Flue Hen state. Peach blossom.
Peninsula state.
Cracker state.. . Cherokee rose.

Syringa.

Sucker state . . . Violet.
Hoosier state... Carnation.
Hawkeye state. Wild rose.
Sunflower state. Sunflower,
riue Grass state. Blue grass.
P"lican state.. . Magnolia.
Pin^ Tree state. Pine cone.
Old Line state.
PP.V state.

Wolverine state. Apn^ blossom.
Gopher state. . . Moccasin.
B"you state.... Magnolia.
Stub Toe state. Bitter root.

Goldenrod.

Silver state.

State. Nickname. Flower.

N. Hampshire. Granite state.

New Jersey Jersey BluestateSug. maple (tree)

New York Empire state , . . Rose.

North Carolina Old North state.

North Dakota. Flickertail state. Goldenrod. -

Ohio Buckeye state.

Oklahoma Mistletoe.

Oregon Beaver state. . . Oregon grape

Pennsylvania . . Keystone state .

Rhode Island. . Little Rhody.. . Violet.

South Carolina Palmetto state.

South Dakota. Sunshine state. Pasqueflower.

Tennessee Big Bend state.

Texas Lone Star state. Bluebonnet.

Utah Sego lily.

Vermont Green Mountain

state Red clover.

Virginia The Old Dominion

Washington... Evergreen state. Rhododendron.
West Virginia. The Panhandle. Rhododendron.
Wisconsin Badger state Violet.

Note Only nicknames that are well known
and "state flowers" officially adopted or com-
monly accepted are given in the foregoing list.

*Native state tree, the native oak. tOfficial
state song, "On the Banks of the Wabash."

FLOWER AND GEM SYMBOLS OF MONTHS.

Month. Flower. Gem.

January Snowdrop Garnet.

g?brxiary Primrose Amethyst,
arch Violet Bloodstone.

April Daisy Diamond.

May Hawthorn Emerald.

June TT onr>ysuckle. . . . Chalcedony.

July Water lily Ruby.

August Poppy Sardonyx.

September Morning glory . . Sardonyx.

October Hops , . .Aqunmarino.

November OhrysanthemumTopnz.

a/ecpmber Holly Turquoi<*.

The above gem symbols are those of Polish
iraclition. The Jewish gem symbols of the

months are: January, garnet; February, am-
ihyst: March, jasper: April, sapphire; May,
chalcedony, carnelian or agate: June, emerald-.
July, onyx: August, carnelian: September,
chrysolite: October, aquamarine or beryl; No-
vember, topaz: December, ruby.

The birth stones authorized by the American
Jewelers' association are: January, garnet:
February, amethyst; March, aquamarine, blood-
stone; April, diamond: May, emerald: June,
pearl, moonstone; July, ruby; August, moon-
stone, peridot: September, sapphire; October,
opal, tourmaline: November, topaz; December,
turquoise, lapis lazuli.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

UNITED STATES LIFE TABLES.

[Computed by the bureau of the census.]

Basec

on the estimated population July 1.

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu-

1910,

of the original registration states and

setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York.

on the
1911.

reported deaths in 1909, 1910 and
Original registration states include

New Jersey. Indiana and Michigan and the
District of Columbia.

BOTH SEXES, ONE YEAR INTERVALS.

Age

Exp't'n Age Exp't'n , Age Exo't'n

interval

.* No. No. of life.

interval.* No. No. of life.

Years.
0-1.. .

living.t dying.t Years.
100,000 11.462 51.49

Years. living.t dying.J Years.
36-37... 72,539 605 31.16

Years. living.t dying.J Years.
72-73... 29,759 2,065 8.22

1-2

. 88.538 2,446 57.11

37-38.. . 71,924 617 30.42

73-74... 27,694 2,072 7.79

2-3. . .

. 86,092 1,062 57.72

38-39.. 71.317 631 29.68

74-75... 25.622 2,070 7.38

3-4. . .

. 85,030 666 57.44

39-40... 70,086 644 28.94

75-76.. . 23,552 2,057 6.99

4-5. . .

. 84,364 477 56.89

40-41.. . 70,042 658 28.20

76-77... 21.495 2,028 6.61

5-6

83.887 390 56.21

41-42. . . 69,384 674 27.46

77-78... 19,467 1.981 6.25

6-7. . .

! 83.497 327 55.47

42-43... 68,710 693 26.73

78-79... 17,486 1.920 5.90

7-8.. . .

. 83.170 274 54.69

43-44... 68,017 716 25.99

79-80... 15,566 1,854 5.56

8-9.. . .

. 82.896 234 53.87

44-45... 67,301 740 25.26

80-81... 13.712 1.786 5.25

9-10.. .

. 82.662 204 53.02

45-46... 66,561 766 24.54

81-82... 11.926 1.696 4.96

10-11..

. 82.458 187 52.15

46-47... 65,795 79523.82

82-83... 10.230 1,565 4.70

11-12..

. 82.271 180 51.26

47-48... 65.000 821 23.10

83-84... 8,665 1,409 4.45

12-13..

. 82,091 182 50.37

48-49... 64,179 84622.39

84-85... 7,256 1,255 4.22

13-14..

. 81,909 193 49.49

49-50... 63.333 873 21.69

85-86... 6.001 1,103 4.00

14-15..

. 81.716 210 48.60

50-51... 62,460 897 20.98

86-87... 4.898 954 3.79

15-16..

. 81,506 232 47.73

51-52... 61,563 929 20.28

87-88... 3,944 816 3.58

16-17..

. 81.274 256 46.86

52-53... 60.634 970 19.58

88-89... 3,128 689 3.39

17-18..

. 81,018 285 46.01

53-54... 59,664 1,025 18.89

89-90... 2,439 571 3.20

18-19..

. 80,733 315 45.17

54-55... 58.639 1,084 18.21

90-91... 1.868 466 3.03

19-20..

. 80,418 344 44.34

55-56... 57,555 1,153 17.55

91-92... 1,402 371 2.87

20-21..

. 80,074 375 43.53

56-57... 56,402 1,225 16.90

92-93... 1,031 289 2.73

21-22..

. 79,699 398 42.73

57-58... 55,177 1,289 16.26

93-94... 742 219 2.59

22-23..

. 79.301 412 41.94

58-59... 53,888 1.346 15.64

94-95... 523 162 2.47

,23-24..

. 78,889 418 41.16

59-60... 52,542 1,404 15.03

95-96... 361 117 2.35

24-25..

. 78,471 425 40.38

60-61... 51,138 1.462 14.42

96-97... 244 83 2.24

25-26..

. 78,046 432 39.60

61-62... 49,676 1,521 13.83

97-98... 161 57 2.14

26-27..

. 77,614 440 38.81

62-63... 48,155 1.587 13.26

98-99... 104 39 2.04

27-28..

. 77,174 451 38.03

63-64... 46,568 1,656 12.69

99-100.. 65 25 1.95

28-29..

. 76.723 465 37.25

64-65... 44,512 1,718 12.14

100-101. 40 16 1.85

29-30..

. 76,258 479 36.48

65-66... 43,194 1,773 11.60

101-102. 24 10 1.76

30-31..

. 75,779 493 35.70

66-67... 41,421 1.826 11.08

102-103. 14 6 1.67

31-32..

. 75,286 511 34.93

67-68... 39,595 1,877 10.57

103-104. 8 4 1.59

32-33..

. 74,775 530 34.17

68-69... 37s718 1,928 10.07

104-105. 4 2 1.50

33-34. .

. 74,245 550 33.41

69-70... 35,790 1,974 9.58

105-106. 2 1 1.41

34-35..

. 73.695 568 32.66

70-71... 33,816 2,013 9.11

106-107. 1 1 1.33

35-36..

. 73,127 588 31.90 71-72... 31,803 2,044 8.66

INFANT MORTALITY, ONE MONTH INTERVALS.

Age

Exp't'n

Age Exp't'n Age Exp't'n

interval

* No. No. of life.

interval.* No. No. of life.

Months.
0-1.. . .

living.t dying. J Years.
.100 000 4 377 51.49

Months, living.t dying.J Years.
4-5 92 748 705 55 17

Months, living.t dying.J Years.
8-9 . 90 296 492 56 33

. 95.623 1,131 53.76

5-6 92.043 635 55.51

9-10 89,804 456 56.56

2-3*.'. .

. 94.492 943 54.:52

6-7 91,408 579 55.81

10-11... 89,348 421 56.76

3-4

93 549 801 54 78

7-8 PO R9fl RQQ K OK

11-19. 88 P9.7 S8Q fifi Pft

EXPECTATION OF LIFE BY SEX.

Age

White White fe-

Age White White fe-

int'val.*

males, t males.J

int' val.* males, t males, t

int'val.* males. t males. t

int'val.*' males. t males. t

Years.

Years. Years.

Ye;irs. Years. Years.

Years. Years. Years.

0-1

.50.23 53.62

27-28. . .37.21 39.31

54-55. .17.68 18.87

81-82... 4.81 5.05

1-2

56.26 58.69

28-29. .3643 385?

55-56. .17.03 18.18

82-83. . . 4.56 4.78

2-3

.56.88 59.24

29-30. .35.65 37.74

56-57. .16.39 17.50

83-84 . . . 4.32 4.53

3-4

56.60 58.92

30-31. .34.87 3696

57-58. .15.77 1684

84-85. . . 4.10 4.29

4-5 . . . .

.56.05 58.35

31-32. .34.10 36 18

58-59. .15.16 16.19

85-86. . . 3.88 4.06

5-6

55 37 57 67

32-33. 3333 3540

59-60 14 57 15 55

86-87 3 68 3 83

6-7

.54.63 56.93

33-34. .32^58 34i63

60-61 . . 13.98 14>>

87-88. . . 3.49 3.61

7-8 . . . .

.53.85 56.14

34-35. .31.82 33 86

61-62. .13.41 14.31

88-89. . . 3.31 3.40

8-9. .

.53.03 55.31

35-36. .31.08 33i09

62-63. .12.85 13.70

89-90... 3.15 3.19

9-10. . .

.52.19 54.45

36-37. .30.34 32.33

63-64. .12.31 13.11

90-91. . . 2.99 3.00

10-11 . .

.51.32 53.57

37-38. .29.61 31.56

64-65. .11.77 12.53

91-92. . . 2.84 2.83

11-12. .

.50.44 52.68

38-39. .28.88 30.80

65-66. .11.25 11.97

9--M)3. . . 2.70 2.67

12-13. .

.49.56 51.79

39-40. .28.16 3003

66-67. .10.75 11.42

93-94. . . 2.57 2.52

13-14 . .

.48.67 50.89

40-41. .27.43 29.26

67-68. .10.25 10.89

94-95. . . 2.44 2.39

14-15. .

.47.79 50.00

41-42. .26.71 28.50

68-69. . 9.77 10.37

95-96. . . 2.31 2.27

15-16. .

.46.91 49.12

42-43. .25.99 27.73

69-70. . 9.29 9.86

96-97. . . 2.19 2.15

16-17. .

.46.04 48.25

43-44. .25.27 26.97

70-71. . 8.83 9.38

97-98. . . 2.06 2.05

17-18. .

.45.18 47.39

44-45. .24.56 26.21

71-72. . 8.39 8.91

98-99. . . 1.93 1.94

18-19. .

.44.34 46.54

45-46. .23.86 25.45

72-73. . 7.95 8.46

99-100. . 1.80 1.84

19-20 . .

.43.52 45.71

46-47. .23.16 24.70

73-74. . 7.53 8.03

100-101. 1.68 1.74

20-21 . .

.42.71 44.S8

47-48. .22.46 23.96

74-75. . 7.13 7.61

101-102. 1.56 1.65

21-22. .

.41.92 44.07

48-49. .21.77 23.21

75-76. . 6.75 7.20

102-103. 1.45 1.55

22-23 . .

.41.13 43.26

49-50. .21.08 22.48

76-77. . 6.38 6.80

103-104. 1.34 1.46

23-24 . .

.40.36 42.47

50-51. .20.39 21.74

77-78. . 6.04 6.41

104-105. 1.25 1.37

24-25 .

.39.57 41.67

51-52. .19.70 21.02

78-79. . 5.71 6.04

105-106. 1.15 1.29

25-26 . .

.38.79 40.88

52-53. .19.02 20.29

79-80. . 5.39 5.69

106-107 1.21

26-27 . .

.38.00 40.09

53-54. .18.35 19.58

80-81. . 5.09 5.35

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

NEGRO EXPECTATION OF LIFE.

Age
int'val.t Males.Females.

Years. Years. Y-ars.
0-1.. ..34.05 37.67

Years. Years. Years.
28-29. . .28.55 30.94

Years. Years. Years.
56-57. . .13.36 14.50

Years. Years. Years.
83-84. . . 4.84 5 40

1-2... .42.53 45.15

29-30. . .27.94 30.27

57-58. . .12.93 14.05

84-85... 4.64 523

2-3.. .44.55 46.95

30-31. . .27.33 29.61

58-59... 12.50 13.62

85-86. . 4.48 509

3-4. . .45.01 47.12

31-32. . .26.74 28.96

59-60. . .12.08 13.20

86-87. . 4.36 4*97

4-5... .44.78 46.87

32-33. . .26.16 28.33

60-61. . .11.67 12.78

87-88. . 4.26 486

5-6... .44.25 46.42

33-34. . .25.58 27.70

61-62. . .11.27 12.37

88-89. . 4.18 1:76

6-7... .43.62 45.81

34-35. . .25.00 27.07

62-63. . .10.88 11.96

89-90. . 4.10 464

7-8.. .42.94 45.13

35-36... 24.42 26.44

63-64. . .10.49 11.56

90-91. . 4.01 4 50

E-9... .42.20 44.39

36-37. . .23.84 25.81

64-65. . .10.11 11.18

91-92. . 3.89 4'.34

-10.. .41.44 43.62

37-38. . .23.26 25.18

65-66. . . 9.74 10.82

92-93. . 3.75 414

10-11. . .40.65 42.84

38-39. . .22.69 24.56

66-67... 9.38 10.49

93-94. . 3.57 3.'92

11-12. . .39.85 42.06

39-40. . .22.12 23.94

67-68. . . 9.02 10.17

94-95. . 3.37 3.69

12-13. . .39.05 41.29

40-41. . .21.57 23.34

68-69. . . 8.67 9.86

95-96. . 3.15 3.45

13-14. . .38.27 40.56

41-42.. .21.02 22.75

69-70 . . . 8.33 9.54

96-97. . 2.93 3.22

14-15. . .37.51 39.85

42-43. . .20.48 22.16

70-71 . . . 8.00 9.22

97-98 . . 2.72 2 99

15-16. . .36.77 39.18

43-44.. .19.94 21.58

71-72... 7.69. 8.89

98-99. . 2.51 2.78

16-17. . .36.05 38.55

44-45. . .19.39 21.00

72-73... 7.39 8.55

99-100 . 2.32 2.58

17-18. ..35.37 37.95

45-46. ..18.85 20.43

73-74. . . 7.11 8.21

100-101. 2.14 2.39

18-19. .34.71 37.35

46-47 ... 18.30 19.86

74-75. . . 6.84 7.88

101-102. 1.97 2.21

19-20. .34.08 36.75

47-48. . .17.75 19.30

75-76... 6.58 7.55

102-103. 1.81 2.05

20-21. .33.46 36.14

48-49. . .17.22 18.75

76-77... 6.36 7.22

103-104. 1.66 1.89

21-22. .32.86 35.53

49-50. ..16.71 18.20

77-78. . . 6.15 6.91

104-105, 1.53 1.73

22-23. .32.26 34.90

50-51. . .16.21 17.65

78-79... 5.96 6.61

105-106. 1.40 1.59

23-24. .31.67 34.27

51-52. . .15.72 17.10

79-80. . . 5.76 6.32

106-107. 1.27 1.43

24-25. .31.06 33.63

52-53. ..15.23 16.55

80-81. . . 5.53 6.05

107-108. 1.16 1.32

25-2B. .30.44 32.97

53-54. . .14.75 16.01

81-82... 5.29 5.81

108-109 1.20

26-27. .29.81 32/29

54-55. ..14.28 15.48

82-83... 5.06 5.59

109-110 1.08

27-28.. .29.18 31.61

55-56. . .13.82 14.98

* Period of lifetime between two exact ages.

100,000 born alive dying in age interval.

t Number of 100.000 persons born alive living

Average length of life remaining to each one

at beginning 1 of age interval. JNumber of

alive at beginning of age interval.

AMERICAN TABLE OF MORTALITY.

Used by insurance companies in computing" expectation oif life.

No. No. Exp't'n
Age. living, dying, of life.
10.. 100000 749 48.72

No. No. Exp't'n
Age. living, dving. of life.
39.. ..78,862 756 28.90

No. No. Exp't'n
Age. living, dving. of life.
68. ...43,133 2,243 9.47

11 99 251 746 48 08

40 78,106 765 28.18

69. ...40.890 2,321 891

12.. . 98,505 743" 47.45

41.. ..77.341 774 27.45

70. ...38.569 2.391 8A8

13.. 97.762 740 46.80

42 76,567 785 26.72

71. ...36,178 2,448 8.00

14 97.022 737 46.16

43.. ..75,782 797 26.00

72. ...33.730 2,487 7.55

15 96,285 735 45.50

44. ...74.985 812 25.27

73. ...31,243 2,505 7.31

16.. 95.550 732 44.85

45. ...74,173 828 24.54

74. ...28,738 2.501 6.68

17 94.818 729 44.19

46. ...73,345 848 23.81

75. ...26.237 2,476 6.27

18.. 94,089 727 43.53

47. ...72,497 870 23.08

76. ...23,761 2,431 5.88

19 93.362 725 42.87

48. ...71,627 896 22.36

77 21,330 2,369 5.49

20 92.637 723 42.20

49. ...70,731 927 21.63

78 18,961 2.291 5.11

21 91 914 722 41 53

50 69 804 962 20 91

79 16 670 2 196 4 74

22!!!! 9l!l92 721 40.'85

51 .' .' .' .' .' 68^842 1,001 20'.20

80 14,474 2,091 4.39

23.. 90,471 720 40.17

52 67,841 1.044 19.49

81 12.383 1.964 4.05

24. . 89.751 719 39.49

53.. ..66,797 1,091 18.79

82 10.419 1,816 371

25 89.032 718 38.81

54 .65.706 1143 1809

83. . . 8,603 1,648 3 39

26 88 314 718 38 12

55 64563 1199 1740

84 . 6 955 1 470 3 08

27 87,596 718 37.43

56. ...63,364 1,200 16.72

85 5.485 1,292 2.77

28.. 86.878 718 36.73

57. ..62,104 1.325 16.05

86 4,193 1,114 2.47

29 86.160 719 36.03

58. ...60,779 1.394 15.39

87 3,079 933 2.18

30 85.441 720 35.33

59. ...59.385 1,468 14.74

88 2,146 744 1.91

31 . . 84.721 721 34.63

60. ..57.917 1,546 14.10

89 1.402 555 1.66

32 84.000 723 33.92

61. ...56.371 1,628 13.47

90 847 385 1.42

33 83.277 726 33.21

62.. ..54,743 1,713 12.86

91 462 246 1.19

34.. 82.551 729 32.50

63 53.030 1,800 12.26

92 216 137 .98

35 81 822 732 31.78

64 .51 230 1 889 11 67

93 79 58 80

36 81*090 737 3107

65 49341 1980 1110

94 21 18 64

37' ' 80*353 742 30.35

66'' ' '47'361 2'070 10*54

95 3 3 50

38 79,611 749 29.62

67 45,291 2,158 10.00

NORMAL 1

ADULTS.

IEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF

Height. Weigrht. Height. Weight.

Height. Weight.

Height, Weight.

5 ft. 1 in.. 128 pounds

5 ft. 4 in.. 149 pounds

5 ft. 7 in.. 158 pounds

5 ft. 10 in.181 pounds

5 ft. 2 in.. 135 pounds

5 ft. 5 in.. 152 pounds

5 ft. 8 in. .166 pounds

5 ft. 11 in.186 pounds

5 ft. 3 in.. 142 pounds

5 ft. 6 in.. 155 pounds 5 ft. 9 in.. 173 pounds

6 ft. in.190 pounds

HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF CHILDREN.

Weight. Weight,

Weight.

Height. Ibs.

At birth 1 ft 1 in 8

3 years 3 ft. 4 in. 36%

8 years 4 ft 2 in 56%

6 months 2 ft. 0% in 16

4 years ... 3ft 6 in 41

9 years . . 4 ft 4 in 62

1 year 2 ft 5 in 24

5 years 3 ft 8 in 45

10 years 4ft 6 in 68

1% years 2 ft 8% in 28

6 years 3ft 10 in 49

1 1 vears 4 ft 8 in 74

2 years 3 ft. in. 32

7 years 4ft. in. 62%

12 years 4 ft. 10 in. 80

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

ACCUMULATION OF ANNUITY OF $1 AT COMPOUND INTEREST.

Yrs.

2%%

3%%

4%%

1.00000

2 02500

2.03000

2.03500

2.04000

2.04500

2.05000

2 06000

3...

3.07563

3.09090

3.10623

3.12160

3.13703

3.15250

3J18360

4.15252

4.18363

4.21494

4.24646

4,27819

4.31013

4 37462

5.25633

5.30914

5.36247

5.41632

5.47071

6.52563

5.63709

6.38774

6.46841

6.55015

6.63298

6.71689

6.80191

6.97532

7...

.. 7.54743

7.66246

7.77941

7.89829

8.01915

8.14201

8.39384

8.73612

8.89234

9.05169

9.21423

9.38001

9.54911

9.89747

.. 9.95452

10.15911

10.36850

10.58280

10.80211

11.02656

11 491321

11.20338

11.46388

11.73139

12.00611

12.28821

12.57789

13.18079

11...

,.12.48347

12.80780

13.14199

13.48635

13.84118

14.20679

14 97164

13.79555

14.19203

14.60196

15.02581

15.46403

15.91713

16.86994

15.14044

15.61779

16.11303

16.62684

17.15991

17.71298

18 88214

16.51895

17.08632

17.67699

18.29191

18.93211

19.59863

21.01507

17.93193

18.59891

19.29568

20.02359

20.78405

21.57856

23.27597

...19.38022

20.15688

20.97130

21.82453

22.71934

23.65749

25.67253

20.86473

21.76159

22.70502

23.69751

24.74171

25.84037

28.21288

18...*..

...22.38635

23.41444

24.49969

25.64541

26.85508

28.13238

30 90565

23.94601

25.11687

26.35718

27.67123

29.06356

30.53900

33 75999

20...

...25.54466

26.87037

28.27968

29.77808

31.37142

33.06595

36i78559

27.18327

28.67649

30.26947

31.96920

33.78314

35.71925

39.99273

2 Q

...28.86286

30.53678

32.32890

34.24797

36.30338

38.50521

43.39229

30.58443

32.45288

34.46041

36.61789

38.93703

41.43048

46.99583

..32.34904

34.42647

36.66653

39.08260

41.68920

44.50200

50.81558

34.15776

36.45926

38.94986

41.64591

44.56521

47.72710

54.86451

36.01171

38.55304

41.31310

44.31174

47.57064

61.11345

59.15638

...37.91200

40.70963

43.75906

47.08421

50.71132

54.66913

63.70577

39.85980

42.93092

46.29063

49.96758

53.99333

58.40258

68.52811

29...

...41.85630

45.21885

48.91080

52.96629

57.42303

62.32271

73.63980

43.90270

47.57542

51.62268

56.08494

61.00707

66.43885

79.05819

46.00027

50.00268

54.42947

59.32834

64.75239

70.76079

84.80168

48.15028

52.50276

57.33450

62.70147

68.66625

75.29883

90.88978

50.35403

55.07784

60.34121

66.20953

72.75623

80.06377

97.34316

34..

52.61289

57.73018

63.45315

69.85791

77.03026

85.06696

104.18375

35...

54.92821

60.46208

66.67401

73.65222

81.49662

90.32031

111.43478

36.

...57.30141

63.27594

70.00760

77.59831

86.16397

95.83632

119.12087

37...

59.73395

66.17422

73.45787

81.70225

91.04134

101.62814

127.26812

...62.22730

69.15945

77.02889

85.97034

96.13820

107.70955

135.90421

39.......

64.78298

72.23423

80.72491

90.40915

101.46442

114.09502

145,05846

...67.40256

75.40126

84.55028

95,02552

107.03032

120.79977

154.76197

41...

.70.08762

78.66330

88.50954

99.82654

112.84669

127.83976

165.04768

42...

...72.83981

82.02320

92.60737

104.81960

118.92479

135.23175

175.95054

75.66081

85.48389

96.84863

110.01238

125.27640

142.99334

187.50758

...78.55232

89.04841

101.23833

115.41288

131.91384

151.14301

199.75803

81.51613

92.71986

105.78167

121.02939

138.84997

159.70016

212.74351

84.55403

96.501*6

110.48403

126.87057

146.09821

168.68516

226.50812

47. ,

87.66789

100.39650

115.35097

132.94539

153.67263

178.11942

241.0986J

90.85958

104.40840

120.38826

139.26321

161.58790

188.02539

256.56453

...94.13107

108.54065

125.60185

145.83373

169.85936

198.42666

272.95840

97.48435

112.79687

130.99791

152.66708

178.50303

209.34800

290.33590

PRESENT VALUE OF

AN ANNUITY OF $1.

Yrs.

2%%

3%%

4%%

1..

0.97561

0.97087

0.96618

0.96154

0.95694

0.95238

0.94340

1.92742

1.91347

1.89969

1.88609

1.87267

1.85941

1.83339

3!'.!!!

.. 2.85602

2.82861

2.80164

2.77509

2.74896

2.72325

2.67301

3.76197

3.71710

3.67308

3.62990

3.58753

3.54595

3.46511

4.64583

4.57971

4.51505

4.45182

4.38998

4.32948

4.21236

5 50813

5 41719

5 32855

5 24214

5 15787

5 07569

4 91732

7...

6.34939

6.23028

6.11454

6.00205

5.89270

5/78637

5i58238

7 17014

7 01969

6 87396

6 73274

6 59589

6 463^1

6 20979

7.97087

7.78611

7.60769

7.43533

7.26879

7.10782

6.80169

10..

8.75206

8.53020

8.31661

8.11090

7.91272

7.72173

7.36009

11...

9.51421

9.25262

9.00155

8.76048

8.52892

8.30641

7.88687

12.

10.25776

9.95400

9.66333

9.38507

9.11858

8.86325

8.38384

13...

10.98319

10.63496

10.30274

9.98565

9.68285

9.39357

8.85268

11.69091

11.29607

10.92052

10.56312

10.22283

9.89864

9.29498

12.38138

11.93794

11.51741

11.11839

10.73955

10.37966

9.71225

13.05500

12.56110

12.09412

11.65230

11.23402

10.83777

10.10590

13.71220

13.16612

12.65132

12.16567

11.70719

11.27407

10.47726

18...

14.35336

13.75351

13.18968

12.65930

12.15999

11.68959

10.82760

19...

14.97889

14.32380

13.70984

13.13394

12.59320

12.08532

11.15812

20.

15.58916

14.87747

14.21240

13.59033

13.00794

12 46221

11.46992

21...

16.18455

15.41502

14.69797

14.02916

13.40472

12.82115

11.76408

22...

16.76541

15.93692

15.16712

14.45112

13.78442

13.16300

12.04158

23...

17.33211

16.44361

15.62041

14.85684

14.14777

13.48857

12.30338

17.88499

16.93554

16.05837

15.24696

14.49548

13.79864

12.55036

. .18.42438

17.41215

16.48151

15.62208

14.82821

14.09394

12.78336

26...

18.95061

17.87684

16.89035

15.98277

15.14661

14.37519

13.00317

19.46401

18.32703

17.28536

16.32959

15.45130

14.64303

13.21053

19.96489

18.76411

17.66702

16.66306

15.74287

14.89813

13.40616

29...

20.45355

19.18845

18.03577

16.98371

16.02189

15.14107

13.59072

20.93029

19.60044

18.39205

17.29203

16.28889

15.37245

13.76483

21.39541

20.00043

18.73628

17.58849

16.54439

15.59281

13.92909

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Yrs.

2%%

3%%

*%%

32 ;...

..21.84918

20.38877

19.06887

17.87355

16.78889

15.80268

14.08404

22 29188

20.76579

19.39021

18.14765

17.02286

16.00255

14.23023

...22.72379

21.13184

19.70068

18.41120

17.24676

16.19290

14.36814

..23.14516

21.48722

20.00066

18.66461

17.46101

16.37419

14.49826

...23.55625

21.83225

20.29049

18.90828

17.66604

16.54685

14.62099

...23.95732

22.16724

20.57053

19.14258

17.86224

16.71129

14.73678

...24.34860

22.49246

20.84109

19.36786

18.04999

16.86789

14.84602

...24.73034

22.80822

21.10250

19.58448

18.22966

17.01704

14.94907

...25.10278

23.11477

21.35507

19.79277

18.40158

17.15909

15.04630

...25.46612

23.41240

21.59910

19.99305

18.56611

17.29437

15.13802

...25.82061

23.70136

21.83488

20.18563

18.72355

17.42321

15.22454

...26.16645

23.98190

22.06269

20.37079

18.87421

17.543B1

15 30617

...26.50385

24.25427

22 28279

20.54884

19.01838

17.66277

15.38318

...26.83302

24.51871

22.49545

20.72004

19.15635

17.77407

15 45583

...27.15417

24.77545

22.70092

20.88465

19.28837

17.88007

15.52437

47...

...27.46748

25.02471

22.89944

21.04294

19.41471

17.98102

15 58903

...27.77315

25.26671

23.09124

21.19513

1953561

18.07716

15.65003

49...

...28.07137

25.50166

23.27656

21.34147

19.65130

18.16872

15 70757

...28.36231

25.72976

23.45562

21.48218

19.76201

18.25593

15 76186

55...

...29.71398

26.77443

24.26405

22.10861

20.24802

18.63447

15 99054

...30.90866

27.67556

24.94473

22.62349

20.63802

18.92929

16.16143

...31.96458

28.45289

25.51785

23.04668

20.95098

19.16107

16 28912

...32.89786

29.12342

26.00040

23.39451

21.20211

19.34268

16.38454

...33.72274

29.70183

26.40669

23.68041

21.40363

19.48497

16 45586

...34.45182

30 20076

26.74878

23.91539

21.56534

19.59646

1650913

...35.09621

30.63115

27.03680

24.10853

21.69511

19.68382

16.54806

ANNUITY

WHICH

$1 WILL,

BUY FOR

YEARS GIVEN.

Yrs. H

2V 2 %

3%%

4%%

... 1.02500

1.03000

1.03500

\.04000

1.04500

1.05000

1.06000

... .51883

.52261

.52640

.53030

.53410

.53780

.54544

... .35014

.35353

.35693

.36035

.36377

.36721

.37411

4...

.26582

.26903

.27225

.27549

.27874

.28201

.28859

... .21525

.21835

.22148

.22463

.22779

.23097

.23740

.18155

.18470

.18767

.19076

.19388

.19702

.20336

... .15760

.16051

.16354

.16661

.16970

.17282

.17914

.13947

.14246

.14548

.14853

.15161

.15472

.16104

.12546

.12843

.13145

.13449

.13757

.14069

.14702

... .11426

.11723

.12024

.12329

.12638

.13950

.13587

... .10511

.10808

.11109

.11415

.11725

.12039

.12679

... .09749

.10046

.10348

.10655

.10967

.11283

.11928

13...

.09105

.09403

.09706

.10014

.10328

.10646

.11296

. . . .08554

.08853

.09157

.09467

.09782

.10102

.10768

15...

.08077

.08377

.08683

.08994

.09311

.09634

.10296

... .07670

.07961

.08268

.08582

.08902

.09227

.09895

17...

.07293

.07595

.07904

.08230

.08542

.08880

.09544

.06967

.07271

.07582

.07899

.08224

.08555

.09326

.06676

.06981

.07294

.07614

.07941

.08275

.08962

20...

.06415

.06722

.07036

.07358

.07688

.08024

.08718

... .06179

.06487

.06804

.07128

.07460

.07810

.08500

22...

.05965

.06275

.06593

.06930

.07255

.07597

.08305

... .05780

.06081

.06402

.06731

.07068

.07414

.08128

24...

.05591

.05905

.06227

.06559

.06899

.07247

.07968

. . . .05428

.05743

.06067

.06401

.06744

.07095

.07823

.05277

.05594

.05921

.06257

.06602

.06956

.0769C

27...

.05138

.05456

.05785

.06124

.06472

.06829

.0757C

.05009

.05329

.05660

.06001

.06352

.06712

.07458

29...

.04889

.05211

.05545

.05888

.06241

.06605

.07358

... .04778

.05102

.05437

.Q5783

.06139

.06505

.07266

.04674

.05010

.05337

.05686

.06044

.06413

.07178

32. ..

04577

.04905

.05244

.05595

.05956

.06328

.0710C

33....

.04486

.04816

.05167

.05510

.06874

.06249

.07027

34...

04401

.04732

.05076

.05431

.05798

.06176

.0692C

.04321

.04654

.05010

.05358

.05727

.06107

.06897

36...

.04245

.04580

.04928

.05289

.05661

.06043

.06838

37....

04174

.04511

.04861

.05224

.05598

.05984

.0678f

ss.:::::: :::

.04107

.04446

.04798

.05163

.05540

.05928

.06736

39...

03044

.04384

.04739

.05106

.05486

.05876

.0668

40...

03984

.04326

.04683

.05052

.05434

.05828

.06646

.03927

.04271

.04640

.05002

.05386

.05782

.06606

42...

03873

.04219

.04590

.04954

.05341

.05739

.06568

... .03822

.04180

.04533

.04909

.05298

.05699

.06533

.03773

.04123

.04488

.04866

.05268

.05662

.06501

45...

.03727

.04079

.04445

.04826

.05220

.05626

.0647C

.03683

.04036

.04405

.04788

.05184

.05593

.06441

.03641

.03996

.04367

.04752

.05151

.05561

.0641E

48...

03601

.03958

.04331

.04718

.05119

.05532

.0639C

. . . .03562

.03921

.04296

.04686

.05089

.05504

.06366

.03526

.03887

.04263

.04655

.05060

.05478

.06344

65...

03365

.03735

.04121

.04523

.04939

.05367

.06254

03225

.03613

.04009

.04420

.04845

.05283

.06188

03128

.03515

.03919

.04339

.04773

.05219

.06138

03040

03434

.03846

.04275

.04717

.05170

.06103

02965

03367

.03787

.04223

.04672

.05132

.06077

02903

.03311

.03738

.04181

.04637

.05103

.06057

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921

UNION WAGES AND HOURS OF WORK.

[From reports of U. S. department of labor.]

Figures are as of May 15 for the years given,
which cover the period of the war together

Rate per hour ( cents) . Hours per week.
Chi- New San Chi- New San

with the year preceding- and the year succeed-

Year. cago. York. Fran. cago. York. Fran.

ing 1 the conflict. Chicago, New- York and San

1917.. 6-3.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42

Francisco are taken as representing- the middle

1918.. 66.0 71.1 68.9 45 45 45

west, the east and the far west.

19119.. 79.0 96.7 75.6 45 45 46

BLACKSMITHS IN SHOPS.

Scale raised to 89c in August.

Rate per hour (cents). Hours per week.

ELECTROTYPERS FINISHERS.

Chi- New San Chi- New San

1913.. 49.0 62.5 56.3 48 44 48

Year. cago. York. Fran. cago. York. Fran.

1914.. 52.1 62.5 56.3 48 44 48

1913.. 4-2.2 44.4 50.0 49% 5.3 48

1915.. 52.1 65.6 56.3 48 44 48

1914.. 43.2 44.4 50.0 49% 53 48

1916.. 52.1 68.8 56.3 48 44 48

1915.. 43.2 44.4 50.0 49% 53 48

1917.. 56.3 68.8 56.3 48 44 48

1916.. 46.2 53.1 49% 48

1918.. 58.3 68.8 62.5 48 44 48

1917.. 56.0 53.1 50.0 48 48 48

1019.. 77.1 75.0 62.5 48 48 48

1918.. 75.0 72.5 72.5 48 48 48
1919.. 90.0 81.3 80.0 44 48 44
BOILER MAKERS MANUFACTURING,

ELECTROTYPERS MOLDERS.
1913.. 54.2 62.5 56.3 48 44 48
1914.. 56.3 62.5 56.3 48 44 48

JOBBING.

1915.. 56.3 65.6 56.3 48 44 48

1913.. 40.0 41.7 50.0 54 54 4P

1916.. 56.3 68.8 56.3 48 44 48

1914.. 40.0 41.7 50.0 54 54 48

1917.. 60.4 68.8 56.3 48 44 48

1915.. 40.0 41.7 50.0 54 54 48

1918.. 60.4 68.8 62.5 48 44 .48

1916.. 40.0 46.9 63.1 54 48 48

1919.. 77,1 75.0 62.5 48 48 48

1917.. 42.0 49.4 53.1 54 48 48

GRANITE CUTTERS. INSIDE.

1918.. 52.0 70.0 72.5 54 48 48
1919.. 60.0 70.0 80.0 54 48 44

1913.. 50.0 50.0 62.5 44 44 44
1914.. 50.0 50.0 62.5 44 44 44

BRICKLAYERS.

1915.. 50.0 60.0 62.5 44 44 44

1913.. 75.0 70.0 87.5 44 44 44

1916.. 53.1 50.0 66.3 44 44 44

1914.. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 44

1917.. 56.3 50.0 67.5 44 44 44

1915.. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 44

19*18.. 66.3 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

1916.. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 44

1919..*76.3 t79.0 87.5 44 44 44

1917.. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 44

Scale became 81.3 cents Aug. 1. 1919. tBe-

1918.. 75.0 81.3 100.0 44 44 44

came 85.9 cents Aug. 1. 1919.

1919..*87.5 87.5 112.5 44 44 44

HOD CARRIERS.

Scale became $1 May 29, 1919.

1913.. 40.0 37.5 50.0 44 44 44

BUILDING LABORERS.

1914.. 40.0 37.5 50.0 44' 44 44

1913.. 40.0 22.5 27.8 44 48 54

1915.. 40.0 37.5 50.0 44 44 44

1914.. 40.0 22.5 31.3 44 48 48

1916.. 42.5 37.5 50.0 44 44 44

1915.. 40.0 25.0 31.3 44 44 48

1917.. 45.0 42.5 50.0 44 44 44

1916.. 42.5 25.0 31.3 44 44 48

1918.. 50.0 47.0 62.5 44 44 44

1917.. 45.0 30.0 37.5 44 44 48

1919..*57.5 150.0 *75.0 44 44 44

1918.. 50.0 40.5 43.8 44 44 48

Scale became 70 cents July 7. 1919. tBe-

1919..*57.5 40.5 62.5 44 ' 44 48

came 57.5 cents July 1. 1919. tBecame 87.5

. *Scale became 70 cents Sept. 22, 1919.

osn'ts June 10. 1919.

CARPENTERS.

INSIDE WIREMEN.

1913.. 65.0 65.2 62.5 44 44 44

1913.. 75.0 56.3 62.6 44 44 44

1914.. 65.0 65.2 62.5 44 44 44

1914.. 75.0 60.0 62.5 44 44 44

1915.. 65.0 65.2 62.5 44 44 44

1915.. 75.0 60.0 62.5 44 44 44

1916.. 70.0 65.2 62.5 44 44 44

1916.. 75.0 60.0 62.5 44 44 44

1917.. 70.0 68.8 68.8 44 44 44

1917.. 75.0 65.0 75.0 44 44 44

1918.. 70.0 68.8 75.0 44 44 44

1918.. 81.3 65.0 76.0 44 44 44

1919..*80.0 175.0 *87.5 44 44 44

1919..*87.5 75.0 t87.5 44 44 44

Scale became SI Sept. 22. 1919. tBecame

Scale became SI Sept. 22, 1919. tBecame

81.3 cents July 19. 1919.

SI July 15, 1919.

CEMENT FINISHERS.

LINOTYPE OPERATORS BOOK AND JOB.

1913.. 65.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1913.. 50.0 54.2 64.0 48 48 45

1914.. 65.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1914 . 50-0 54.2 64.0 48 48 45

1915.. 65.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1915.. 50.0 54.2 64.0 48 48 45

1916.. 65.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1916.. 50.0 54.2 65.0 48 48 48

1917.. 67.5 70.0 75.0 44 44 44

1917 500 54.2 65.0 48 48 48

1918.. 75.0 70.0 87.5 44 44 44

1918.. 602 58.3 68.8 48 48 48

1919..*80.0 75.0 100.0 44 44 44

1919.. 77.9 75.0 *68.8 48 48 48

Scale became SI Sept. 22, 1919.

Scale became 81.3 cents July 26. 1919.

COMPOSITORS BOOK AND JOB.

LINOTYPE OPERATORS NEWSPAPER

1913.. 46.9 50.0 50.0 48 48 48

(DAY WORK).

1914.. 50.0 50.0 50.0 48 48 48
1915.. 50.0 50.0 50.0 48 48 48
1916.. 50.0 52.1 52.6 48 48 48
1917.. 50.0 52.1 54.2 48 48 48
1918.. 57.3 58.3 58.3 48 48 48
1919.. 75.0 75.0 *62.5 48 48 48
Scale became 81.3 cents July 26, 1919.

1913.. 50.0 66.7 64.4 48 45 45
1914.. 50.0 66.7 64.4 48 45 45
1915.. 50.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42
1916.. 50.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42
1917.. 50.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42
1918..*53.0 71.1 68.9 45 45 45
1919..t72.0 96.7 75.6 45 43 45

COMPOSITORS NEWSPAPER (DAY WORK)

For 3,500 ems per hour: 58 cents for 4.500

1913.. 62.0 66.7 64.4 45 45 45

eras and 1 cent for each 100 ems over 4.500

1914.. 62.0 66.7 64.4 45 45 45
1915.. 62.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42

ems per hour. tFor 3.500 ems per hour; 79
cents for 4,500 ems and 1 cent for each 100

1916.. 62.0 66.7 69.0 45 45 42

ems over 4.500 ems per hour.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

MACHINISTS MANUFACTURING SHOPS.

PLUMBERS.

Rate per hour (cents). Hours per week.
Chi- New San Chi- New San
Year. cago. York. Fran. cago. York. Fran.
1913.. 30.0 40.6 43.8 54 48 48
1914.. 41.7 40.6 43.8 48 48 48
1915.. 41.7 40.6 43.8 48 48 48
1916.. 46.9 46.9 50.0 48 48 48
1917.. 55.0 56.3 50.0 48 48 48
1918.. 65.0 82.0 72.5 48 48 48
1919.. 80.0 90.0 80.0 44 44 44

Rate per hour (cents) . Hours per week.
Chi- New San Chi- New San
Year. cago. York. Fran. cago. York. Fran.
1913. 75.0 68.8 75.0 44 44 44
1914. 75.0 68.8 75.0 44 44 44
1915. 75.0 68.8 75.0 44 44 44
1916. 75.0 68.8 75.0 44 44 44
1917. 75.0 68.8 81.3 44 44 44
1918.. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 44
1919..*84.4 t75.0 J100.0 44 44 44
Scale became $1 July 1. 1919. fBecame

MOLDERS IRON.

87.5 cents July 1. 1919. JBecame $1.125 July
15. 1919.

1913.. 44.4 38.9 50.0 54 54 48
1914.. 44.4 41.7 50.0 54 54 48
1915.. 44.4 41.7 50.0 54. 54 48
1916.. 50.0 41.7 50.0 48 54 48
1917.. 56.3 47.2 53.1 48 54 48
1918.. 68.8 52.8 72.5 48 54 48
1919.. 80.0 75.0 80.0 48 48 44

SHEET-METAL WORKERS.
1913.. 65.0 59.4 68.0 44 44 44
1914.. 68.0 -62.5 68.0 44 44 44
1915.. 68.0 62.5 68.0 44 44 44
1916.. 70.0 62.5 68.0 44 44 44
1917.. 70.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44
1918.. 70.0 70.0 82.5 44 44 44

PAINTERS.

1919..*75.0 75.0 100.0 44 44 44

1913.. 65.0 50.0 56.3 44 44 44

Scale became $1 Sept. 22. 1919.

1914.. 70.0 50.0 59.4 44 44 44

STONECUTTERS.

1915.. 70.0 50.0 62.5 44 44 44

1913.. 62.5 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

1916.. 70.0 62.5 62.5 44 44 44

1914.. 62.5 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

1917.. 72.5 62.5 62.5 44 44 44

1915.. 62.5 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

1918.. 75.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1916.. 62.5 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

1919.. 87.5 *75.0 t87.5 44 $44 44

1917.. 70.0 68.8 70.0 44 44 44

* Scale became $1 an hour and 40 hours per
week Aug. 15. 1919. fBecame $1 an hour July

1918.. 70.0 68.8 70.0 44 44 44
1919.. 81.3 *81.4 100.0 44 44 44

28, 1919. ^Became 40 hours Aug. 15, 1919.

Scale became 87.5 cents Sept. 1. 1919.

PLASTERERS.

STRUCTURAL, IRON WORKERS.
1913.. 68.0 62.5 75.0 44 44 44

1913. 75.0 68.8 87.5 44 44 44

1914. 68.0 62.5 75.0 t44 44 44

1914. 75.0 68.8 87.5 44 44 44

1915. 68.0 62.5 75.0 f44 44 44

1915. 75.0 68.8 87.5 44 44 44

1916. 68.0 66.3 75.0 t44 44 44

1916. 75.0 75.0 87.5 44 44 40

1017. 69.0 68.8 75.0 t44 44 44

1917. 75.0 .75.0 87.5 44 44 40-

1918. 70.0 80.0 87.5 t44 44 44

1918. 81.3 75.0 100.0 44 44 40

1919. *87.5 87.5 100.0 t44 44 44

1919. *87.5 93.8 112.5 44 44 40

Scale became $1 Sept. 22. 1919. t48 hours.

Scale became $1 July 1, 1919.

December to March inclusive.

LARGEST LAKES IN THE UNITED STATES.

IFrom U. S. geological survey report.]

Following- is a list of lakes in the United
States each of which is more than 100 square
miles in area, at high water:

Lake.

Sq. miles.

Lake Superior. Wis.. Minn, and Canada. 31, 200

Lake Huron. Mich, and Canada 23.800

Lake Michigan. 111.. Wis.. Mich.. Ind.... 22.450
Lake Ene. O., Pa.. N. Y. and Canada.. 9.960

Lake Ontario. N. Y. and Canada 7.240

Great Salt lake. Utah (in 1912) 1.800

Lake of the Woods. Minn, and Canada.. 1.500

Tulare lake. Cal... Nothing- to 800

Lake Okechobee. Fla I....

Lake Fontchartrain. La

Salton sea. Cal. (Jan. 1. 1909). shrinking

Red lake. Minn, (both lakes)

Lake Champlain. N. Y. and Vt

Lake St. Clair, Mich, and Canada

730
625
443
441
436
410

Lake. Sq. mile**

Lake Winnebago. Wis 215

Lake Tahoe. Cal 193

Flathead lake. Mont... 188

Upper Klamath lake, Ore. (including
swamp)

Upper Klamath lake. Ore. (excluding
swamp)

Utah lake. Utah

Tule lake, Cal

Lake Pen d'preille. Idaho

Lake Wmnibigoshish, Minn

Moosehead lake. Maine

156

87
145
144
124
117
115

Year. Imports.

1914 $3.390.174,777

1915 4,145,738.988

Rainy lake. Minn, and Canada 31O 1916 4.615.906.844

Leech lake. Minn, (high water) 234 1917 5.178.757.405

Leech lake. Minn, (low water) 173

Mille Lacs. Minn 207

BRITISH FOREIGN TRADE BY YEARS.

[From consular reports.]

Exports

$2.560,730.513
2.355.048.406
2.938.615,999
2.904.118.947

1918 6.420.561.252 2.576.466086

1919 6,159 510.000 4.813.475.000

THE CAPITOL IN

The corner stone of the original capitol
building- was laid by President Washington
Sept. 18. 1793. The north wing was finished
in 1810 and the south wing in 1811. a wooden
passageway connecting them. The original de-
signs of the structure were made by Dr. Wil-
liam Thornton. The two wings were burned
by the British in 1814. but were immediately
restored. In 1827 the original building was
completed at a cost of $2,433.844.13. Exten-

WASHINGTON.

sions of the wings were begun in 1851 and
completed in 1859. The dome, which is 287
feet 5 inches in height, was completed in 1865.
The capitol stands in latitude 38 degrees 53
minutes 20.4 seconds north and longitude 77
degrees 00 minutes 35.7 seconds west from
Greenwich. The area covered by the build-
ing is 153,112 square feet. Value of building
and grounds: Building. $15.000,000: grounds.
$10.400.000: total. $25.400.000.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

EFFECT OF WAR ON CORPORATION INCOMES.

[By Basil M. Manley of the National War Labor board.]

Company or corporation.

Average prewar. 1916.

1917.

1918.

Ajax Rubber Co

$348.196

$1,268,311

$1.460.293

$1,215,000

Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co
American Agricultural Chemical Co...
Amencan Beet Sugar Co

755.125

2,475.609
1,246,650
5.195,003

titt^'l 90
7.962.981

6,546.356
4.882.980
11.892.859

4.625.867
8.044,979
1,887,638
6.000,827

3,467.538

2.816,018

10,310,872

11,281.742

1,194.139

2.028,459

1.534,042

1.661,328

334.198

1.643,266

1,796,641

2,408.199

874,999

704.561

983,311

1,208,098

151,497

1.476,817

1,764.430

2,138,970

3,872,807

10,769,429

7.210,680

6.911,134

American Smelting & Refining Co

9.060,396

22.152.250

18,495,625

7,707,499

Amencan Steel Founders

517.439

3,418,057

5,025.677

2,386,097

Amencan Sugar Refining Co

5,751,688

8,319,882

8,212.787

8,434,375

American Sumatra Tobacco Co

223,809

267,653

1.019.607

2.164,655

20.188,936

12.298,057

13.310.685

16.613,040

Amencan T. & T. Co

30,905.434

38.013.277

38.471.106

43.906.322

American Zinc Lead & Smelting Co..

197,384

9,307.968

1,780.764

911.416

Armour & Co

4.746,632

20.100.000

21.295.563

15.247.838

Associated Oil Co

1.606,367

3.198.389

3.841.789

4.541.307

Atlas Powder Co

322.837

2,939,789

3,050,482

2.262.294

Baldwin Locomotive Works

3,653.287

2,619,466

8,305.722

5.752,295

Barrett Co. (American Coal Prod.)...

1.221,915

4.247.857

3.461.38S

3.614,253

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

3,075,108

43.693,968

27.320.737

16.000,000

Brown Shoe Co

710 463

1.467.756

1.668,560

1.338,385

942,988

6.365,399

272,911

628,349

Calumet & Arizona Mining Co

2.966,934

11.155,004

6,628,501

4.086.238

Central Leather Co

3.472,804

15.489.202

14.404,855

6,476.434

Colorado Fuel & Iron Co

1,596.031

2.201.170

3,979,469

2.732.046

Continental Can Co

788.016

2,143,554

3.280,977

2.199,043

Corn Products Refining Co
Cramp. Wm.& Sons.Ship & Eng.Bldg.Co.

2.016.781
173.651

6.083.746
1.087.704

11.348.460
1.288.927

8652.401
2.398,413

Crucible Steel Co

3.629,467

13.223.656

12,282.358

13.812,128

Cuban-American Sugar Co
Distillers Securities Corporation
Du Pont (E. I.) de Nemours Pow. Co.

409,988
614.791
5,525.964

8.235.112
4.651.686
82,107,693

6,256,080
4.790.433
49.258.662

4,227.202
2.269.615
43.098.075

General Chemical Co

2.067,548

9,695.188

7.671.181

3.632,669

4.557.358

28.789,560

25.079.226

15,391.028

Goodrich (B. F.)
Hercules Powder Co.

3.040.745
1,017.212
966.750

9,447.299
16.658.873
1.186,231

10.505,490
5,822.462
1.418.544

15.587.122
2.315,603
1.168.242

International Nickel Co
International Paper Co
Lackawanna Steel Co
Mex. Petroleum Co. (Ltd.) of Delaware
Miami Copper Co
National Enameling & Stamping Co..
Nevada Consolidated Copper Co
New York Airbrake Co
Morris & Co. (Packers)
Phelps-Dodge Corporation

Pittsburgh Steel Co
Pressed Steel Car Co

4,125.955
1,105,913
1.282.500
3,139.560
1,296.602
728.952
3.419.266
424.807
1.588.709
7.442.309
2.047.806
1.191.855
1 412.665

11.748.279
4,620.727
12.218.234
7.153.060
5.852.560
1.917.803
15.002.051
8.214.962
3.632,213
21.974.263
3,143,927
4.564,067
2.751.152

13.557.970

8.180.787
16,106.976
4.986.020
3.204.261
4.245.555
9,937.509
1.803.826
5.301.071
22.456.006
14.076,852
7.811.444
2,130.308

10.129.988
5.152.278
8.348.354
4.752,223
2.989.582
2.773,265
3.459,880
2.052,553
4.217.859
15.946.683
7.167,374
4.556.443

Railway Steel Spring Co

1 276 808

3.710 805

4.307.859

o AO& 009

Ray Cons. Copper Co
Republic Iron & Steel Co
Sears. Roebuck & Co

Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron
Standard Oil Co. of Indiana
Standard Oil Co. of Kansas
Standard Oil Co. of California

1,634.365
2,265,694
8.111.749
1.115.504
S4f> 457
14,687.606
1.509.40*
9 877.064

11.716,428
14.780,162
16.488.622
3.039.077
1.900.674
30,043.614

9,701,170
15.857.197
14,119.028
713.641
2.087.373
25.408.031
1.422.081
18.640,630

4,652,541
7.781.985
12.704,064
243,468
1.972.071
23,263.879
1.413,890
14.953.074

Standard Oil Co. of Kentucky
Studebaker Corporation
Swift & Co

1,002.458
2.184.383
7 870 167

2.068,598
8611 .245
20.465.000

1.701.156
3,500.741
34.650.000

1.463.948
3.884.195
21.156.277

Texas Co. (Oil)
United Cigar Stores

3.856.667
1.561.583

13.898.862
2 819.072

19.724,526
2.873.500

80,640,991
4.010,105

United Fruit Co
U. S. Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Co....

4 978.0^3
525 591

11.043.151
1,308.641

13.037.955
1,342.140

14.094,047
1,514.944

U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co

858 951

4,884.586

7,108.083

6.759.872

U. S. Rubber Co
U. S. Smelting, Refining & Mining Co.

6.661.777
3552.988

11.226.208
8.808.464

15.340.577
3.505.315

16.072.042
4,775.090

U. S. Steel corporation

63.585.777

271.531,730

224.210.565

125.318,368

Utah Copper Co
Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co
Virginia Iron. Coal & Coke Co
Westinghouse Airbrake Co

7.733.435
2,177.807
224.638
3. 934.661

39.738,675
4,507.549
248.094
9.585.928

28.605.405
4,656.387
1,024,365
6,388.463

18.945,781
8.384.669
1.020.191
7,461.000

Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co...
Willys-Overland Co

3.581.066
5.653.809

9.666.789
10.884.383

18.079.889
6.121,544

0.5.405. 681
5,536.255

Wilson & Co. (Packers).....

1.344.026

4.913,873

6.504.422

7.631.535

Grand total. 325.797.661

1,070.342.983

975,573.296

736.008.796

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

NATIONAL PARKS IN THE UNITED STATES.

Under supervision of the secretary of the interior.

Name. Location. Created.

Abraham Lincoln Homestead*.. Kentucky .......................... July 17. 1916 ......

Antietam ........................... Maryland .......................... Aug. 20. 1890 .....

Casa Grande Ruin ................. Arizona ........................... June 2'!, 189'! .....

Chickamauga and Chattanooga.. Georgia and Tennessee ........... Aug-. 18. 1890 ......

Crater Lake ....................... Oregon ............................. May 22, 1902 .....

General Grant ..................... California ......................... Oct. 1, 1890 .....

Gettysburg- ........................ Pennsylvania ...................... Feb. 11. 1895 .....

Glacier ............................ Montana .......................... May 11.1910 ......

Grand Canyon ..................... Arizona ............................ Feb. 26. H919 ......

Guilford Courthouse* ............. North Carolina .................... Mar. 2. 1917 .....

Hawaii ............................. Hawaii ............................ Aug. 1. 1916 .....

Hot Spring's Reservation . .' ........ Arkansas .......................... June 16, 1 880 .....

Lafayette .......................... Maine ............................. Feb. 26.1919 ......

Lassen Volcanic .................... California ...... ; .................. Aug-. 9. 1916 ......

Mesa Verde ......................... Colorado ........................... June 29. 190(3 .....

Mount McKinley ................... Alaska

Mount Rainier ..................... Washington

Platt .......................... Oklahoma

Rock Creek ......................... District of Columbia ............. Sept. 27. 1890 .....

Rocky Mountain ................... Colorado ........................... Jan. 26. 1915 .....

Sequoia ........................ California .......................... Oct. 1. 1890 .....

Shiloh .............................. Tennessee .......................... Dec. 27. 1894 .....

Sully 's Hill....: .................... North Dakota .................... June 4. 1904

Vicksburg- .......................... Mississippi ......................... Feb. 21. 1899 .....

Wind Cave ........................ South Dakota ..................... Jan. 9. 1903 .....

Yellowstone ........................ Wyoming-, Montana and Idaho. .Mar. 1. 1872 .....

Yosemite .......................... California ......................... Oct. 1. 1-890 .....

Zion ............................... Utah ................. ...Nov. 19. 1919

Feb. 26. 1917
May 22. 1899
June 29. 1906 .....

Zoological District of Columbia Mar. 2. 1889.

In charge of secretary of war.

NOTES ON NATIONAL PARKS.

Abraham Lincoln Homestead Farm near Hodg-
enville. Ky.. with log- cabin in which Abra-
ham Lincoln was born.

Antietam Battle field of the civil war in
Washington county, Maryland.

Casa Grande Ruin Remains of a large prehis-
toric building near Florence. Ariz.

Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battle fields of
the civil war in the vicinity of Chattanooga,
Tenn.

Crater Lake Park contains remarkable moun-
tain, lake and fine scenery in the Cascade
range, Klamath county, Oregon: may be
reached from Klamath Falls or from Med-
ford on the Southern Pacific road.

General Grant In Fresno and Tulare counties.
California: forest and mountain scenery:
reached from Sanger on the Southern Pacific
road.

Gettysburg Battle field of the civil war in
southeastern Pennsylvania.

Glacier Tract of mountainous country in
northern Montana with glaciers, lakes, for-
ests and peaks.

Grand canyon In northwestern Arizona: great-
est eroded canyon within the United States.

Guilford Courthouse National Military Park-
Scene of battle between Gen. Greene and
Gen. Cornwallis. near Greensboro. N. C., in
war of the revolution.

Hawaii Includes celebrated volcanoes Kilauea,
Mauna Loa and Haleakala; main feature is
Lava lake at Kilauea.

Hot Springs Reservation Tract of land in
Garland county. Arkansas, noted for its
springs of warm mineral waters.

Lafayette Lands on Mount Desert island.
Maine, which island was discovered by Sam-
uel de Champlain and upon which he first
landed when, acting under the authority of
Sieur de Monts. he explored and described
the present New England coast; the geology,
fauna and flora on the island are of great
scientific interest.

Lassen Volcanic On the boundary of the
Plumas and Shasta counties. California, con-
tains volcanic and other peaks, hot springs,
mud geysers, ice caves, lakes of volcanic
glass, canyons and forests.

Acres.
137
43
480
6.195
159,360
2.560
877

981.681
806.400
125
74.935
912
5.000
82.880
42,376
2.200

... 207,360
848
1.606
. 230.000
... 160.000
3,000
960
1,233

... 10.522
...2.142.720
... 967.680
15.840
170

Mesa Verde In the extreme southwestern part
o>f Colorado: contains pueblo and other
ruins: reached from Mancos on the Rio
Grande Southern road.

Mount McKinley Area of 2,200 square miles
in south central Alaska, con/taining Mount
McKinley. the highest mountain in America:
many large glaciers and beautiful lakes and
forests.

Mount Rainier Mountain district in southern
Washington: reached from Ashford on the
Tacoma Eastern railroad and from Fairfax
on the Northern Pacific road.

Platt Tract of land containing sulphur springs
in Murray county. Oklahoma: reached by
Santa Fe and St. Louis & San Francisco
railroads.

Rock Creek Park in outskirts of Washington.
D. C.

Rocky Mountain Tract of mountainous land
of great scenic beauty in Grand. Boulder
and Larimer counties. Colorado: contains
\forest8. lakes and peaks: reached by Union
Pacific a<nd other roads.

Sequoia Mountain tract in Tulare county.
California, containing forest of big trees:
reached from Visalia.

Shiloh Battle field of civil war in Hardin
county, southern Tennessee.

Sully's Hill On the shore of Devil's lake.
North Dakota: contains elevation on which
Gen. Alfred Sully with a few men withstood
a band of Indians for several days in 1863;
reached from Devil's Lake, Narrows and
Tokio stations on the Great Northern road.

Vicksburg Battle field of civil war near city
of same name in Mississippi.

Wind Cave Canyon and extensive cave in Cus-
ter county. South Dakota, twelve miles from
Hot Springs, on the Northwestern and Bur-
lington roads: in Black Hills region.

Yellowstone Famous park in Wyoming-, Mon-
tana and Idaho, containing- geysers and many
other natural phenomena as well as beauti-
ful mountain, lake and river scenery; reached
from stations on the Northern Pacific, Bur-
lington and Oregon Short Line roads.

Yosemite Splendid valley in the Sierras in
Mariposa county, California; reached from
Merced on the Santa Fe and Southern P&-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

cific roads by way of the Yosemite Valley

railroad.
Zion Canyon in southwestern Utah through

which flows the north fork of the Virgin or
. Zion river; an extraordinary example of

canyon erosion; nearest railroad Los Angeles

& Salt Lake.
Zoological Park in Washing-ton, D. C.. devoted

to the zoological collection of the govern-
ment: adjoins Rock Creek park.

PRESERVATION OP AMERICAN ANTIQUI-
TIES.

By law approved June 8. 1906, entitled "An
act for the preservation of American antiqui-
ties." the president of the United States is au-
thorized, in his discretion, to declare by proc-
lamation historic landmarks, historic and pre-
historic structures and other objects of historic
or scientific interest that are situated upon
lands owned or controlled by the United States.
to be national monuments. Under such au-
thority the following monuments have been
created :

Name and state. Year. Acres.

Bandelier. N. M 1916

Big Hole battle field, Mont 1910 8

Cabrillo. Cal 1913 1.5

Capulin mountain, N. M 1916 680

Chaco canyon. N. M... ...1907 20.629

Cinder Cone,* Cal 1907 5.120

Colorado. Col 1911 13,883

Devil's tower, Wyo. . ....1906 1,152

Devil postpile.* Cal 1911 800

Dinosaur. Utah 1915

El Morro. N. M. . ....1906 160

Gila cliff dwellings.* N. M 1907 160

Gran Quivira. N. M 1909 160

Jewel cave.* 9. D 1908 l.?*0

Katmai. Alaska ...19191,088,000

Lassen peak.* Cal 1907 1.280

Lewis and Clark cavern, Mont.. 1908 160

Montezuma castle. Ariz 1906 160

Mount Olympus.* Wash 1909 608,640

Muir Woods. Cal 1908 295

Natural bridges, Utah 1909 2,740

Navajo, Ariz 1909 600

Oregon caves.* Ore 1909 480

Papapro Saguaro. Ariz 1914 2.050

Petrified forest. Ariz 1906 25,625

Shoshone cavern, Wyo 1909 210

Sitka. Alaska 1910 57

Tonto.* Ariz 1907 640

Tumacacori. Ariz 1908 10

Verendrye. N. D 1917 253

Walnut canyon, Ariz 1915

Wheeler.* Col 1908 300

Zion. Utah 1909 15.840

* Administered by department of agriculture:
others by interior department, except the Big
Hole battle field, which is under the war de-
partment.

NOTES ON NATIONAL MONUMENTS.

Bandelier Prehistoric aboriginal ruins in San-
dqval and Santa Pe counties. New Mexico,
with cliff dwellings, ceremonial cave and
other relics of a vanished people.

Big Hole battle field Scene of fight at Big
Hole pass on Big Hole or Wisdom river,
Aug. 9. 1877. between Nez Perce Indians
under Chief Joseph and a small force of
soldiers commanded by Col., John Gibbond
in Silver Bow county, Montana; reached
from Melrose.

Cabrillo statue At Point Loma. Cal.: land first
sighted by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. discov-
erer of California, when he approached San
Diego bay. Sept. 28. 1542; site of about lu
acres set aside for heroic statue of Cabrillo"

Capulin mountain Striking example of recent
extinct volcanoes in Union county. New Mex-
ico, near town of Des Moines.

Chaco canyon Located in San Juan and Mc-

Kinley counties. New Mexico; contains ex-
tensive prehistoric communal or pueblo ruins.

Cinder cone An elevation in Lassen county in
northern California; is of importance as il-
lustrating volcanic activity in the vicinity
200 years ago.

Colorado Extraordinary examples of erosion
in Mesa county, western Colorado; reached
from Grand Junction.

Devil postpile Natural formations, including:
Rainbow waterfalls, within the Sierra na-
tional forest in California; area set aside is
on middl? fork of San Joaquin river.

Devil's tower A lofty and isolated rock in
Crook county, Wyoming; is an extraordinary
example of the effect of erosion in the higher
mountains.

Dinosaur Section in eastern Utah containing
an extraordinary deposit of dinosaurian and
other gigantic reptilian remains of the Jura-
Trias period, which are ol great scientific in-
terest and value.

El Morro An elevation near Wingate station
on the Santa Fe railroad in New Mexico;
contains prehistoric ruins and interesting
rock inscriptions.

Gila cliff dwellings In the Mogollon moun-
tains. New Mexico: known also as the Gila
Hot Springs cliff houses; are among the best
preserved remains of the cliff dwellers of the
southwest.

Gran Quivira Ruined town not far from Man-
zano in the central part of New Mexico:
remains of large cathedral and chapel and
of many houses thought to date from pre-
historic times.

Jewel cave A natural formation of scientific-
interest within the Black Hills national for-
est in Custer county, South Dakota.

Katmai Belt of unusual volcanic activity on
the southern coast of Alaska, including
Mount Katmai and the "Valley of the Ten
Thousand Smokes," exhibiting remarkable
natural phenomena.

Lassen peak In natural forest of same name
in Shasta county, northern California; marks
the southern terminus of the long line of
extinct volcanoes in the Cascade range, from
which one of the greatest volcanic fields in
the world extends.

Lewis and Clark cavern An extraordinary
limestone cavern near Limespur, Jefferson
county. Montana.

Montezuma castle Large prehistoric ruin or
cliff dwelling on Beaver creek, Arizona.

Mount Olympus Mountain in the state of
Washington; has extensive glaciers and on
its slopes are the breeding grounds of the
Olympic elk.

Muir woods In Marin county. California: an
extensive growth of redwood trees of great
age and size; land presented to the govern-
ment by William Kent, formerly of Chicago.

Natural bridges Rock formations in south-
eastern Utah extending over streams or
chasms: have loftier heights and greater
spans than any other similar formations
known: reserved as extraordinary examples
of stream erosion.

Navajo Within the Navajo Indian reservation
in Arizona: includes a number of prehis-
toric cliff dwellings and pueblo ruins new to
science.

Oregon caves Within the Siskiyou national
forest in Oregon; caves are of natural for-
mation and of unusual scientific interest
and importance.

Papago Saguaro Splendid collection of char-
acteristic desert flora, interesting rock for-
mations and numerous pictographs in Man-
copa county, Arizona; reached by Arizona
Eastern railroad.

Petrified forest Deposits of fossilized or min-
eralized wood in Gila and Apache counties.
Arizona.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Pinnacles A series of natural formations of
rock with a number of caves underlying:
them; located within Pinnacles national for-
est in California.

Rainbow bridge An extraordinary natural
bridge in southeastern Utah, haying 1 an arch
which in form and appearance is much like
a rainbow; is 309 feet high and 278 feet
span; of scientific interest as an example of
eccentric stream erosion.

Shoshone cavern A cave in Big Horn county.
Wyoming, of unknown extent, but of many
windings and ramifications and containing
vaulted chambers of large size, magnifi-
cently decorated with sparkling crystals and
beautiful stalactites, and containing pits of
unknown depth.

Sitka Tract of about fifty-seven acres within
public park, near Sitka, Alaska; battle ground
of Russian conquest of Alaska in 1804; site
of former village of Kiki-Siti tribe, the most
warlike of Alaska Indians; contains numer-

ous totem poles constructed by the Indians,
recording the genealogical history of their
several clans.

Tonto Comprises two prehistoric ruins of an-
cient cliff dwellings in Gila county, Arizona

Tumatacori Ruin of an ancient Spanish mis-
sion of brick, cement and mortar in Santa
Cruz county, Arizona.

Verendrye A high and imposing butte, locally
known as Crowhigh mountain, on the Mis-
souri river, near Spanish, N. D ; used as
observation point by Verendrye. an explorer,
between 1738 and 1742; place of historic
interest.

Walnut canyon Canyon eight miles southeast
of Flagstaff. Arizona; contains ruins of cliff
dwellings of great ethnograpic. scientific and
educational interest.

Wheeler Volcanic formations illustrating er-
ratic erosion; in Rio Grande and Cochetopa
national forests in southwestern Colorado.

LEADING ART GALLERIES OF THE WORLD.

Phe following list includes only the principal collections of paintings and sculptures readily
ftceeMlfaft to the public iu Europe and America.

EUROPE.
Austria-Hungary '.
Academy of Art, Vienna.
Albertina, Vienna.
Imperial art gallery, Vienna.
Liechtenstein gallery. Vienna.
National gallery, Budapest.

Belgium.

Museum, Antwerp.
Palace of Fine Arts, Brussels.
Musee Wiertz, Brussels.

Denmark.
Thorvaldsen museum, Copen-

Ny-Car!sberg Glyptothek. Co-
penhagen.

National art gallery, Copen-
hagen.

France.

Louvre,* Paris.

Luxembourg, Paris.

Museum, Versailles.
Germany.

National gallery, Berlin.

Old and New museums, Ber-
lin.

Pergamon museum. Berlin.

Emperor Frederick museum,
Berlin.

Dresden gallery,* Dresden.

Old and New Pinakothek,*
Munich.

Glyptothek,

Holland.

Ryks museum. Amsterdam.
Fodor museum, Amsterdam.
Six Collection. Amsterdam.
Townhall, Haarlem.
Lakenhal, Leyden.
Boymans museum, Rotterdam.
Mauritshuis, The Hague.

Italy.

Vatican.* Rome.
Uffizi gallery.* Florence.
Pitti gallery.* Florence.
Brera gallery, Milan.
Poldi museum. Milan.
National museum. Naples.
Academy of Fine Arts. Venice.

Norway.
National gallery, Christiania.

Russia.
Hermitage, Fetrograd.

Spain.

Museo del Prado.* Madrid.
Museo Provincial. Seville.

Sweden.
National gallery, Stockholm.

United Kingdom.
British museum. London.
National gallery.* London.
Dore gallery. London.
Walker art gallery. Liverpool.
Art galleries, Glasgow.

AMERICA.
Canada.

Fraser institute. Montreal.

The Basilica, Quebec.
Mexico.

National museum. City ol
Mexico.

United States.

Art institute. Chicago. 111.

Art museum. Cincinnati. O.

Art museum, Cleveland, O.

Art museum, Worcester. Mass.

Carnegie institute. Pittsburgh
Pa.

Corcoran art gallery. Washing-
ton. D. C.

Layton art gallery. Milwau-
kee. Wis.

Lenox collection, public li-
brary. New York. N. Y.

Metropolitan Muse'im of Art.*
New York. N. Y

Museum of Art. Toledo. O.

Museum of Fine Arts. Boston,

Museum of Fine Arts, St.

Louis, Mo.
New York Historical society.

New York, N. Y.
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine

Arts. Philadelphia. Pa.

*Of first rank.

PROGRESS OF AMERICAN NEGRO IN FIFTY-THREE YEARS.

[From the Negro Year-Book, 1919.]
Economic 1866.
Homes owned ... 12.000
Farms operated.. 20.000
Businesses con-
ducted 2.100

Wealth

accumulated ...$20,000,000 $1.100.000,000
Educational

Pet. literate 10

Colleges 15

Pupils, school.... 100.000

Teachers f?00

Educational property $60,000

RECORD IN SHORTHAND WRITING.

Nathan Behrin. stenographer oi the New I 1919. This was claimed to be a new world's
York County Supreme court, wrote 324 words record,
a minute, with only two errors, on Dec. 30. I

1919.
600 000
1 000 000

Annual cost edu-
cation

1866.
$700,000

1919.
$15 000 000

50 000

Cost paid by
negroes

$80,000

$1.700 000

0.000,000

70
500
1 800 000

Religious
Churches
Communicants ...
Sunday schools .
Sundny school

700
600.000
1.000

50 000

43.000
4.800.000
46.000

2 250 000

3S.OOO
o 000 000

Value church

$1 500 000

$85 900 000

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

APPLICATION FOR PATENTS.

[Condensed from "Rules of Practice
Business with the patent office should be
transacted in writing-. All office letters must
be sent in the name of the "commissioner of
patents." On the propriety of making- an ap-
plication for a patent the inventor must judge
for himself. The office is open to him and its
records and models may be inspected either
by himself or by any attorney or expert he
may call to his aid. Pending- applications are
preserved in secrecy, but after a patent has
issued the model, specification, drawings, and
all documents relating- to the case are subject
to g-eneral inspection, and copies, except of the
model, are furnished at rates specified herein-
after.

An applicant may prosecute his own case,
but he is advised, unless familiar with such
matters, to employ a competent patent attor-
ney, as the value of patents depends largely
upon the skillful preparation of the specifica-
tion and claims.

A patent may be obtained by any person
who has invented or discovered any new and
useful art, machine, manufacture or compo-
sition of matter, or any new and useful im-
provement thereof, not known or used by
others in this country before his invention or
discovery thereof, and not patented or described
in any printed publicatipn in this or any
foreign country before his invention or dis-
covery thereof, or more than two years prior
to his application, and not patented in a coun-
try foreign to the United States, on an appli*
cation filed by him or his leg-al representatives
or assig-ns more than twelve months before his
application, and not in public use or on sale
in the United States for more than two years
prior to his application, unless the same is
proved to have been abandoned, upon payment
of the fees required by law and other due
proceedings had.

In case of the death of the inventor, the
application will be made by and the patent
issued to his executor or administrator.

Applications for patents must be made to
the commissioner of patents and must be
signed by the inventor or in case of his death
by his executor or administrator. A com-
plete application comprises the first fee of
$15. a petition, specification and oath, all of
which must be in the English language, and
drawings when required. Papers for perma-
nent record must be legibly written or printed
in permanent ink. The application must be
completed and prepared for examination with-
in one year. The petition must be addressed
to the commissioner of patents and must
state the name, residence and postoffice ad-
dress of the petitioner, designate by title the
invention sought to be patented, contain a
reference to the specification for a full dis-
closure of such invention and must be signed
by the inventor.

The specification is a written description of
the invention or discovery and of the manner
and process of making, constructing, com-
pounding and using the same, and is required
to be in such full, clear, concise and exact
terms as to enable any person skilled in
the art or science to which the invention or
discovery appertains or with which it is most
nearly connected to make, construct, com-
pound and use the same. In case of a
mere improvement the specification must par-
ticularly point out the parts to which the
improvement relates, distinguishing clearly be-
tween what is old and what is claimed as
new. The following order of arrangement
should be observed in framing the specifica-
tion: (a) Preamble stating the name and resi-
dence of the applicant and the title of the
invention. fb) General statement of the ob-

in the United States Patent Office."]
ject and nature of the invention, (c) Brief
description of the several views of the draw-
ing (if the invention admit of such illus-
tration), (d) Detailed description, (e) Claim
or claims. (f) Signature of applicant.

Two or more independent inventions cannot
be claimed in one application; but where sev-
eral distinct inventions are dependent upon
each other and mutually contribute to pro-
duce a single result they may be claimed in
one application. The applicant, if the in-
ventor, must make oath or affirmation that
he does verily believe himself to be the origi-
nal and first inventor or discoverer of the
art, machine, manufacture, composition or im-
provement for which he solicits a patent:
that he does not know and does not believe
that the same was ever known or used be-
fore his invention or discovery thereof, and
shall state of what country he is a citizen
and where he resides and whether he is a
sole or joint inventor of the invention claimed
in his application. In every original appli-
cation the applicant must distinctly state
under oath that to the best of his knowl-
edge and belief the invention has not been
in public use or on sale in the United States
for more than two years prior to his appli-
cation or patented or described in any printed
publication in any country before his inven-
tion or more than two years prior to his ap-
plication, or patented in any foreign country
on an application filed by himself or his legal
representatives or assigns more than twelve
months prior to his application in this coun-
try. If any application for patent has been
filed in any foreign country by the appli-
cant in this country, or by his legal repre-
sentatives or assigns, prior to his application
in this country, he shall state the country
or countries in which such application has
been filed, giving the date of such applica-
tion, and shall also state that no application
has been filed in any other country or coun-
tries than those mentioned, and if no appli-
cation for patent has been filed in any for-
eign country he shall so state. This oath
must be subscribed to by the affiant.

The oath or affirmation may be made be-
fore any person within the United States au-
thorized by law to administer oaths, or, when
the applicant resides in a foreign country,
before any minister, charge d'affaires, consul
or commercial agent of the United States, or
by any official authorized to administer oaths
in the country in which the applicant may be.
Drawings must be made upon pure white
paper of a thickness corresponding to a two-
sheet or three-sheet Bristol board. The sur-
face of the paper must be calendered and
smooth. India ink alone must be used to
secure perfectly black and solid lines. The
size of the sheet on which a drawing is made
must be exactly ten by fifteen inches. One
inch from its edges a single marginal line
is to be drawn, leaving the "sight" precisely
eight by thirteen inches. Within this mar-
gin all work and signatures must be included.
A model will be required or admitted as a
part of the application only when on exam-
ination of the case in its regular order the
primary examiner shall find it to be neces-
sary or useful.

A design patent may be obtained by any
person who has invented any TT-W, original
and ornamental design for an article of manu-
facture, not known or used by others in this
country before his invention thereof, and not
patented or described in any printed publica-
tion in this or any foreign country before his
invention thereof, or more than two years
prior to his application, and not caused to be

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

patented by him in a foreign country on an
application filed more than four months be-
fore his application in this country and not
in public use or on sale in this country for
more than two years prior to his application,
unless the same is proved to have been
abandoned, upon payment of the fees required
by law and other due proceedings had, the
same as in cases of inventions or discoveries.

Patents for designs are granted for three and
one-half years, seven years or fourteen years
as the applicant may elect. The proceeding's
in applications for patents for designs are sub-
stantially the same as in applications for other
patents. The design must be represented by a
drawing made to conform to the rules laid
down for drawings of mechanical inventions.

A reissue is granted when thb original pat-
ent is inoperative or invalid by reason of a
defective or insufficient specification, or by rea-
son of the patentee claiming as his invention
or discovery more than he had a right to
claim as new, provided the error has arisen
through accident or mistake.

[For rules as to interferences, reconsideratior
of cases, appeals, hearings, motions, testimony,
briefs and other technical or legal data, in-
ventors are referred to the "Rules of Practice,"
which may be obtained free from the United
States patent office.]

Every patent shall issite within a period of
three months from the date of the payment of
the final fee. A patent will not be antedated.
Every patent will contain |a short title of the
invention or discovery indicating its nature
and object, and a grant to the patentee, his
heirs and assigns, for the term of seventeen
years, of the exclusive right to vend the in-
vention or discovery throughout the United
States and its territories.

Fees are payable in advance. Following 1 is
the schedule of fees and prices:

On filing each original application $15.00

On issuing each original patent 20.00

In design cases For 3 years and 6 months 10.00

For 7 years 15.00

For 14 years 30.00

On every application for reissue 30.00

On filing- each disclaimer 10.00

On appeal from the primary examiner.. 10.00
On appeal from examiners in chief to

commissioner 20.00

For certified copies of pa tents it in print

For specification and drawing, per copy .10

For the certificate.

For the grant

For certifying to a duplicate of a

model

For manuscript copies of records, for

every 100 words or fraction thereof
If certified, for the certificate addi-
tional

For 20-eoupon orders

For 100 coupons in stub book

For uncertified copies of specifications,

etc

For drawings, if in print

For copies of drawings not in print, the

reasonable cost of making' them.
For photo prints of drawings, for each
sheet of drawings Size 10x15 in..

per copy

Size 8x12% inches, per copy

For recording documents of 300 words

or under

Of over 300 and under 1.000 words..
For each adoitional 1.000 words or

fraction thereof

For abstracts of title to patents or in-
ventions For the search, one hour or

less, and certificate

Each additional hour or fraction thereof
For each brief from digest of assign-
ments. 20O words or less

Each additional 100 words or fraction

thereof

For searching titles or records, one hour

or less

Each additional hour or fraction thereof
For assistance to attorneys. 1 hour or

Each additional hour or fraction thereof
For copies of matter in any foreign lan-
guage, for every 100 words or a frac-
tion thereci

For translation, for every 100 words or

fraction thereof

For Official Gazette, per year

PATENT OFFICE STATISTiCi'.

$0.25
.50

.50
.10

.25

200
10.00

.10
.10

.25
.15

1.00
2.00

1.00

1.00
.50

.20
.10

.50
.50

1.00
1.00

.10

.50
5.00

Yr. Appli'tions. Issues.

1906. 56.482 31.965

1907. 57.679 36.620

1908. 60.142 33.682

1909. U1408 37.421

1910. 63.293 35.930
1011. 67,370 34.084
1912. 70,976 37.731

Yr. Appli'tions,
1913. 70.367

1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.

70.404
70.069
71.033
70,373
60.616

1919.. 80.400

Issues.
35.78ef
41.850
44.934
45.927
42.760
39.941
38.598

lie performance for profit and to make any

The act to amend and consolidate the acts
respecting copyright, in force July 1. 1909.
as amended by the act approved Aug. 24,
1912. provides that any person entitled thereto,
upon complying with the provisions of the
law. shall have the exclusive righ f (a) to
print, reprint, publish, copy and vend the copy-
righted work; (b) to translate the copyrighted
work or make any other version of it if it
be a literary work; to dramatize it '_ it oe a
nondramatic work: to convert it intc a novel
or other nondramatic work if it br a drama:
to arrange or adapt it if it be a musical work;
to finish it If it be a model or design for a
work of art: (c) to deliver or authorize the
delivery of the copyrighted work if it be a
lecture, sermon, address or similar production:
(d) to perform the copyrighted work publicly
if it be a drama or. if it be a dramatic work
and not reproduced in copies for sale, to vend
the manuscript or any record thereof: to make
or to procure the making of any transcription
or record thereof by which it may in any
manner be exhibited, performed or produced,
and to exhibit, perform or produce it in any
manner whatsoever: (e) to perform the copy-
righted work publicly for profit if it be a mu-
sical composition and for the purpose of pub-

arrangement or setting of it in any system of
notation or any form of record in which the
thought of an author may oe read or repro-
duced.

So far as it secures copyright controlling the
parts of instruments serving to reproduce me-
chanically the musical work the low includes
only composition 1 - published a/fter the act went
into effect: it uoes not include the works of a
foreign authoi or composer unless the country
of which he is a c'tizen or subject err-mts sim-
ilar rights to An?3rican citizens. Whenever the
owner of a mus: al copyright has used or per-
mitted the use 01 the copyrighted work upon
the part of instruments serving to reproduce
mechanically the musical work, any other per-
son may make a similar use of the work upon
the payment 10 the owner of a royalty of ',
cents on each s'ich part manufactured. The
reproduction or rendition of a musical compo-
sition by or upon coin-operated machines shall
not be deemed a public performance for profit
unless a fee is charged for admission to the
plnoe where the reproduction ooours.

The works for which copyright may be se-
cured include all the writings of an author.

The application for registration shall specify

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

to which of the following- classes the work in
which copyright is claimed belongs:

(a) Books, including composite and cycloped-
ic works, directories, gazetteers and other
compilations.

(b) Periodicals, including newspapers.

(d) Dramatic or dramatic-musical composi-
tions.

(e) Musical compositions.

(f) Maps.

(g) Works of art; models or designs lor
works of art.

(h) Reproductions of a work of art.

(i) Drawings or plastic works of a scien-
tific or technical character.

(j) Photographs.

(k) Prints and pictorial illustrations.

(1) Motion picture photo plays.

(m) Motion pictures other than photo plays,

These specifications do not. however, limit
the subject matter of copyright as defined in
the law nor does any error in classification in
validate the copyright protection secured.

Copyright extends to the work of a foreign
author or proprietor only in case he is domi-
ciled in the United States at the time of the
first publication of his work or if the country
of which he is a citizen grants similar copy-
right protection to citizens of the United States.

Any person entitled thereto by the law may
secure copyright for his work by publication
thereof with the notice of copyright required
by the act. <and such notice shall be affixed
to each copy published or offered for sale in
the United States. Such person may obtain
registration of his claim to copyright by com
plying with the provisions of the act. includ
ing the deposit of copies, whereupon the reg-
ister of copyrights shall issue to him a cer-
tificate as provided for in the law. Copyright
may also be had of the works of an author of
which copies are not reproduced for sale by
the deposit with claim of copyright of one
complete copy, if it be a lecture or similar
production, or a dramatic or musical composi-
tion: of a title and description, with one print
taken from each scene or act. if the work be
a motion picture photo play; of a photographic
print if it be a photograph: of a title and de-
scription, with not less than two prints taken
from different sections of a complete motion
picture, if the work be a motion picture other
than a photo play, or of a photograph or other
identifying reproduction thereof if it be a work
of art or a -plastic work or drawing.

After copyright has been secured there must
be deposited in the copyright office in Wash-
ington. D. C.. two complete copies at the best
edition thereof, which copies, if the work be
a book or periodical, shall have been produced
in accordance with the manufacturing pro-
visions of the act. or if such work be a con-
tribution to -a periodical for which contribu-
tion special registration is requested one copy
of the issue or issues containing such contri-
bution. Failure to deposit the copies within a
given time after notice from the register of
copyrights makes the proprietor of the copy-
right liable to a fine of $100 and twice the
retail price of the work, and the copyright be-
comes void.

The text of all books and periodicals speci-
fied in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, except
the original text of a book of foreign origin
in a language other than English, must in order
to secure protection be printed from type set
within the limits of the United States, either
by hand, machinery or other process, and the
printing of the text and the binding of the
books must also be done within the United
States. An affidavit of such manufacture is
required.

The notice of copyright required consists
either of the word "copyright" or the abbre-
viation "copr.." accompanied by the name of
the copyright proprietor, and if the work be a
printed literary, musical or dramatic work, the
notice must also include the year in which the
copyright was secured by publication. In the
case, however, of copies of works specified in
paragraphs (f) to (k) inclusive (given abovj)
the notic3 may consist of the letter C. inclosed
within a circle, accompanied by the initials,
monogram, mark or symbol of the copyright
proprietor, provided his name appears else-
where on the copies. In the case of a book
or other printed publication the notice shall be
applied on the title page or on the page im-
mediately following, or if a periodical either
upon the title page or upon the first page of
text of each separate number or under the
title heading: or if a musical work upon its
title page or the first page of music.

Where the copyright proprietor has sought to
comply with the law with respect to notice, the
omission of such notice by mistake from a
particular copy or copies shall not invalidate
the copyright or prevent recovery for infringe-
ment against any person who. after actual no-
tice of the copyright, begins an undertaking
to infringe it. but shall prevent the recovery of
damages against an innocent infringer who has
been misled by the omission of the notice.

In the case of a book in English published
abroad before publication in this country, the
deposit in the copyright office within thirty
days of one copy of the foreign edition, with
a request for the reservation of the copyright,
secures for the author or owner an ad interim
copyright for thirty days after such deposit IB
made.

The copyright secured by the act endures for
twenty-eight years from the date of the first
publication. In the case of any posthumous
work, periodical, encyclopedic or other compos-
ite work upon which the copyright was origi-
nally secured by the proprietor thereof, or of
any work copyrighted by a corporate body, or
by an employer for whom such work is made
for hire, the proprietor for such copyright shall
be entitled to a renewal of the copyright In
such work for the further term of twenty-
eight years' when application for such renewal
shall have been made within one year prior
to the expiration of the original term. In
the case of any other copyrighted work, in-
cluding a contribution by an individual au-
thor to a periodical or to a cyclopedic or other
composite work when such contribution has
been separately copyrighted, the author of
such work, if living, or the heirs, executors or
next of kin. if the author be dead, shall be
entitled to a renewal of the copyright for a
futher term of twenty-eight years. In default
of such application for renewal the copyright
in any work shall end at the expiration of
twenty-eight years.

If any person shall infringe the copyright in
any work protected under the copyright laws of
the United Slates, such person shall be liable;

(a) To an injunction restraining such in-
fringement.

(b) To pay to the cppyright proprietor
such damages as the copyright proprietor may
have suffered due to the infringement, as well
as all the profits which the infringer shall
have made from such .infringement, and in
proving profits the plaintiff shall be required
to prove sales only and the defendant shall
be required to prove every element of cost
which he claims, or in lieu of actual damages
or profits such damages as to the court shall
appear to be just, and in assessing such dam-
ages the court may. in its discretion, allow
the amounts as hereinafter stated (in num-
bered paragraphs), but in the case of a news-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

paper reproduction of a copyrighted photo-
graph such damages shall not exceed the sum
of $200 nor be less than $50, and such dam-
agrea shall in no other case exceed the sum of
$250 and shall not be regarded as a penalty.
In the case of the infringement of an un-
dramatized or nondramatic work by means of
motion pictures, where the inf ringer shows
that he was not aware that he was infringing,
the damages shall not exceed $100; in the case
of the infringement under like circumstances
of -a copyrighted dramatic or dramatico-musi-
cal work the entire sum recoverable shall not
exceed $5,000 nor be less than $250.

1. In the case of a painting 1 , statue or
sculpture. $10 for every infringing copy made
or sold by or found in the possession of the
inf ringer or his agents or employes.

2. In the case of any work enumerated in
the list (given above) of works for which
copyright may be asked, except a painting-,
statue or sculpture, $1 for every infringing
copy.

3. In the case of a lecture, sermon or ad-
dress. $50 for every infringing delivery.

4. In the case of dramatic or dramatico-mu-
sical or a choral or orchestral composition,
$100 for the first and $50 for every subse-
quent infringing performance: in the case of
other musical compositions. $10 for every in-
fringing performance.

(d) To deliver up on oath for destruction
all the infringing copies or devices, aa well as
all plates, molds, matrices or other means for
making such infringing copies, as the court
may order.

(e) Whenever the owner of a musical copy-
right has used or permitted the use of the
copyrighted work upon the parta of musical
instruments serving to reproduce mechanically
the musical work, then in case of infringement
by the unauthorized manufacture, use or sale
of interchangeable parts, such as disks, rolls,
bands or cylinders for use in mechanical
music-producing machinea, no criminal action
shall be brought, but in a civil action an in-
junction may be granted upon such terms as
the court may impose and the plaintiff shall
be entitled to recover in lieu of profits and
damages a royalty as provided in the act.

Any person who shall willfully and for profit
Infringe any copyright, or willfully aid or abet
such infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof
shall be punished by imprisonment for not ex-
ceeding one year or by a fine of not less than
$100 nor more than $1,000, or both, in the
discretion of the court. It is provided, how-
ever, that nothing 1 in the act shall prevent the
performance of religious or secular works,
such as oratorios, cantatas, masses or octavo
choruses by public schools, church choirs or
vocal societies, provided the performance is for
charitable or educational purposes and not for
profit.

Any person who shall fraudulently place a
opyright notice upon any uncopyrighted ar-
ticle, or shall fraudulently remove or alter the
notice upon any copyrighted article, shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be
subject to a fine of not less than $100 or
more than $1,000. Any person who shall
knowingly sell or issue any article bearing a
notice of United States copyright which has
not been copyrighted in this country, or who
shall knowingly import any article bearing-
such notice, shall be liable to a fine; of $100.

During 1 the existence of the American copy-
right in any book the importation of any pirat-
ical copies thereof or of any copies not pro-
duced in accordance with the manufacturing
provisions of the copyright law, or of any
plates of the same not made from type set in

this country, or any copies produced by litho-
graphic or photo-engraving process not per-
formed within the United States, is prohibited.
Except as to piratical copies thLs does not
apply:

(a) To works in raised characters for the
blind;

(b) To a foreign newspaper or magazine,
although containing matter copyrighted in the
United States printed or reprinted by authority
of the copyright owner, unless such newspaper
or magazine contains also copyright matter
printed without such authorization;

(c) To the authorized edition of a book In
a foreign language of which only a translation
into English has been copyrighted in this
country:

(rt) To any book published abroad with the
authorization of the author or copyright pro-
prietor under the following circumstances:

1. When imported, not more than one copy
at a time, for individual use and not for sale,
but such privilege of importation shall not ex-
tend to a foreign reprint of a book by an
American author copyrighted in the United
States;

2. When imported by or for the use of the
United States;

3. When imported for use and not for sale,
not more than one copy of any such book in
any one invoice, in good faith, by or for any
society or institution incorporated for educa-
tional, literary, philosophical, scientific or re-
ligious purposes, or for the encouragement of
the fine arts, or for any college, academy,
school or seminary of learning, or for any
state school, college, university or free public
library in the United States;

4. When such books form parts of libraries
or collections purchased en bloc for the use of
societies, institutions or libraries, or form
parts of the library or personal baggage be-
longing to persona or families arriving- from
foreign countries and are not intended for

No criminal actions shall be maintained
under the copyright law unless the same be
begun within three years after the cause of
action arose.

There shall be appointed by the librarian of
congress a register of copyrights at a salary
of $4.000 a year and an assistant register at
$3.000 a year.

These with their subordinate assistants shall
perform all the duties relating to the registra-
tion of copyrights." The register of copyright s
shall keep such record books in the copyright
officef as are required to carry out the pro-
visions of the law, and whenever deposit has
been made in the copyright office of a copy of
any work under the provisions of the act he
shall make entry thereof.

In the case of each entry the person re-
corded as tfhe claimant of the copyright shall
be entitled to a certificate of registration un-
der seal of the copyright office.

The register of copyrights shall receive and
the persons to whom the services designated
are rendered shall pay the following fees: For
the registration of any work subject to copy-
right. $1. which sum is to include a certificate
of registration under seal: Provided. That in
the case of photographs the fee shall be 50
cents where a certificate is not demanded. For
every additional certificate of registration
made. 50 cents. For recording and certifying-
any instrument of writing for the assignment
of copyright or license, or for any copy of such
certificate or license, duly certified, if not over
300 words in length, $1; if more than 300 and
less than 1.000. 82: if more than 1.000 words
in length. $1 additional for each 1.000 words
or fraction thereof over 360 words. For re-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

cording: the notice of user or acquiescence spec-
ified in the act, 25 cents for each notice of
not over fifty words and an additional 25 cents
for each additional 100 words. For comparing
any copy of an assignment with the record of
such document in the copyright office and cer-
tifying: the same under seal, $1. For record-
ing the extension or renewal of copyright, 50
cents. For recording; the transfer of the pro-
prietorship of copyrighted articles, 10 cents
for each title of a book or other article in
addition to the fee for recording- the instru-

ment of assignment. For any requested
search of copyright office records, indexes or
deposits, 50 cents for each full hour consume.)
in making such search. Only one registration
at one fee shall be required in the case Of
several volumes of the same book deposited at
the same time.

For copyright blanks and additional infor
mation as to copyright regulations address the

f congress.

REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS.

Under the act of Feb. 20, 1905, as subse-
quently amended, the owner of a trade-mark
used in commerce with foreign nations, or
among the several states, or with the Indian
tribes, provided such owner shall be domiciled
within the United States or resides or is lo-
cated in any foreign country which affords
similar privileges to the citizens of the United
States, may obtain registration for such trade-
mark by complying with the following re-
quirements: First, by filing in the patent of-
fice an application therefor, addressed to the
commissioner of patents, signed by the appli-
cant, specifying his name, domicile, location
and citizenship; the class of merchandise r-nd
the particular description of the goods com-
prised in such class to which the trade-mark
is appropriated: a statement of the mode in
which the same is applied and affixed to the
eoods and the length of time during which
the trade-mark has been used: a description of
the trade-mark itself shall be included, if de-
sired by the applicant or required by the com-
missioner, provided such description is of a
character to meet the approval of the commis-
sioner. With this statement shall be filed a
drawing of the trade-mark, signed by the ap-
plicant or his attorney, and such number of
specimens of the trade-mark as actually used
as may be required by the commissioner of
patents.

The application must be accompanied by a
written declaration, verified by the applicant
or by a member of the firm or an officer of
the corporation or association applying, to
the effect that the applicant believes himself
or the firm in whose behalf he makes the
application to be the owner of the trade-
mark sought to be registered and that no other
person or concern, to the best of the appli-
cant's knowledge, has the right to use such
trade-mark in the United States, either in the
identical form or in such near resemblance
thereto as might be calculated to deceive.

No mark by which the goods of the owner
of the mark may be distinguished from other
goods of the same class shall be refused reg-
istration on account of the nature of such
mark unless it

(a) Consists of or comprises immoral or
scandalous matter.

(b) Consists of or comprises the flag- or
coat of arms or other insignia of the United
States or any simulation thereof, or of anv
state or municipality or of any foreign natior
or of any design or picture that ha^ been or
may hereafter be adopted by any fraternal
society as its emblem, or of any name distin-
guishing mark, character, emblem, colors flag-
or banner adopted by any institution, organi-
zation, olub or society which was incorpo-
rated in any state in the United States prior to
the date of the adoption and use by the ap-
plicant: Provided, that the name. etc.. was
adopted and publicly used prior to the date
of the adoption and use by the applicant
Trade-marks so similar to others as to cause
confusion or mistakes shall not be registered
No mark which consists -merely of a name
not written, impressed or woven in some par-
ticular manner or in association with the por-
trait of an individual, or merely in words or
devices which are descriptive of the goods
with which they are used or merely a geo-
graphical name or term, sh-all be registered
JTo portrait of a living individual may be
registered as a trade-mark except with his
consent in writing 1 .

Certificates of registration remain in force
twenty years and may be renewed from time-
to time for like periods on payment of the
required fees. Following are the rates for
trade-mark fees:

Original application $1000

Application for renewal 10.00

Notice of opposition 10.00

Appeals from examiners to commissioner 15 00

For certified and uncertified copies of cer-
tificate and other papers and for recording
transfers and other papers the fees are the
snme as in patent cases. (See "Applications
for Patents" above.)

Further information may be had by applying
to commissioner of patents. Washing-ton. D. C.

TRADE-MARKS ISSUED.

1914 6,817 19-ltf 5.339

1915 6,292 1918 ..4061

1916 6.791 ly!9 4^208

ATTAR OF ROSES IN BULGARIA.

According to Consul Graham H. Kemper

the manufacture of attar of roses in Bulgaria

attained its highest development during the

twelve years prior to the first Balkan war,

that is. from 1900 to 1912. In that period a

large number of up to date factories equipped

with modern steam stills were erected. The

total area planted to roses increased to more

than 20,000 acres. Owing to the three wars

in which Bulgaria has taken part since 1912

! the industry of rose culture for the production

| of attar of roses has experienced a decided

1 setback. It is estimated that the acreage

! planted to roses in 1920 was not more than

! I 15.000. The average annual production of

1 1 attar of roses during the period from 1900

i to 1912 was about 126,800 ounces. The pro-

duction fell to 85,000 ounces in 1917, 85.000
ounces in 1918 and 52.000 ounces in 1919.
During the war, owing to the fact that Bul-
garia was cut off from the -principal markets
New York. London and Paris the stocks of
attar of roses remaining unsold increased un-
til they reached a total of about 275,000
ounces. About one-third of this total available
stock was sent to the United States early in
1919 in part payment for flour imported from
the United States: also some 17.000 ounces
were shipped to the United States during the
last quarter of the year. It ws estimated
that the available stock in Bulgaria in Febru-
ary, 1920. hardly exceeded 50,000 ounces,
worth about $500.000.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

FEDERAL REVENUE LAW OF 1918.

Following- is a synopsis of the federal rev-

16 per centum of the amount by which the

enue act. approved Feb. 24, 1919, including

net income exceeds $34,000 and does not ex

details of the income, estate, transportation.

ceed $36,000;

tobacco, admission, excise, special, stamp and
other taxes in force.

17 per centum of the amount by which the
net in( ome exceeds $36,000 and does not ex-

INCOME TAX INDIVIDUALS.

ceed $38,000;

Xormal Tax.

18 per centum of the amount by which the

Sec. 210. That, in lieu of the taxes im-

net income exceeds $38,000 and does not ex-

posed by subdivision la) of section 1 of

ceed $40,000:

the revenue act of 1916 and by section 1 of

19 per centum of the amount by which the

the revenue act of 1917, there shall be
levied, collected, and paid for each taxable

net income exceeds $40.000 and does not ex-
ceed $42,000;

year upon the net income of every individual
a normal tax at the following rates:
(a) For the calendar year 1918. 12 per

20 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $42,000 and does not ex-
ceed $44,000;

centum of the amount of the net income in
excess of the credits provided in section 216:
Provided, That in the case of a citizen or

21 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $44,000 and does not ex-
np*><i %4-fi ftftn*

resident of the United States the rate upon
the first 84.000 of such excess amount shall
be per centum;

ceeu sp^o,uuu t
22 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $46,000 and does not ex-

(b) For each calendar year thereafter, 8
per centum of the amount of the net income

ceed $48,000;
23 per centum of the amount by which the

In excess of the credits provided in section

net imome exceeds $48,000 and does not ex-

216: Provided. That in the case of a citizen

ceed $50.000;

or resident of the United States the rate upon

24 per centum of the amount by which the

the first $4.000 of such excess amount shall

net income exceeds $50.000 and does not ex-

be 4 per centum.

ceed $52,000;

Surtax.

25 per centum of the amount by which the

Sec. 211. (a) That, in lieu of the taxes

net income exceeds $52,000 and does not ex-

Imposed by subdivision (b) of section 1 of

ceed $54.000;

the revenue act of 1916 and by section 2 of
the revenue act of 1917, but in addition to
the normal tax imposed by section 210 of

26 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $54,000 and does not ex-
ceed $56,000;

this act. there shall be levied, collected, and
paid for each taxable year upon the net in-
come of every individual, a surtax equal to
the sum of the following::
1 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $5,000 and does not ex-

27 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $56.000 and does not ex-
ceed $58,000;
28 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $58,000 and does not ex-

ceed 86.000:

ceed $60,000;

2 per centum of the amount by which the

29 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $6,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $60,000 and does not ex-

ceed $8.000;

ceed $62,000;

3 per centum of the amount by which the

30 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $8,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $62.000 and does not ex-

ceed $10,000:

teed $64.000;

4 per centum of the amount by which the

31 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $10,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $64.000 and does not ex-

ceed $12,000:

ceed $66,000;

5 per centum of the amount by which the

32 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $12,000 and does not

net income exceeds $66.000 and does not ex-

exceed $14.000;

ceed $68,000;

6 per centum of the amount by which the

33 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $14,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $68,000 and does not ex-

ceed $16.000;

ceed $70,000;

7 per centum of the amount by which the

34 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $16,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $70,000 and does not ex-

ceed $18.000:

ceed $72,000;

8 per centum of the amount by which the

35 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $18,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $72,000 and does not ex-

ceed $20.000;

ceed $74.000:

9 per centum of the amount by which the

36 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $20,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $74.000 and does not ex-

ceed $22.000;

ceed $76.000;

10 per centum of the amount by which the

37 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $22,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $76.000 and does not ex-

ceed $24.000;

ceed $78,000;

11 per centum of the amount by which the

38 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $24,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $78,000 and does not ex-

ceed $26.000;

ceed $80,000;

12 per centum of the amount by which the

39 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $26,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $80.000 and does not ex-

ceed $28,000;

ceed $82.000;

13 per centum of the amount by which the

40 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $28,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $82.000 and does not ex-

ceed $30.000;

ceed $84.000;

14 per centum of the amount by which the

41 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $30,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $84,000 and does not ex-

ceed $32.000;

ceed $86,000;

15 per centum of the amount by which the

42 per centum of the amount by which the

net income exceeds $32,000 and does not ex-

net income exceeds $86,000 and does not ex-

<fv>d $34.000;

ceed $88,000;

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

43 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $88,000 and does not ex-
ceed $90,000;

44 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $90,000 and does not ex-
ceed $9*2,000;

45 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $92,000 and does not ex-
ceed $94,000;

46 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $94,000 and does not ex-
ceed $96,000;

47 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $96,000 and does not ex-
ceed $98,000;

48 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $98,000 and does not ex-
ceed $100,000;

52 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $100,000 and does not
exceed $150.000;

56 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $150,000 and does not ex-
ceed $200,000;

60 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $200,000 and does not
exceed $300,000;

63 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $300,000 and does not
exceed $500.000;

64 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $500,000 and does not
exceed $1,000.000;

65 per centum of the amount by which the
net income exceeds $1.000,000.

(b) In the case of a bona fide sale of
mines, oil or gas wells, or any interest
therein, where the principal value of the
property has been demonstrated by prospect-
ing- or exploration and discovery work dpne
by the taxpayer, the portion of the tax im-
posed by this section attributable to such
sale shall not exceed 20 per centum of the
selling 1 price of such property or interest.

Net Income Defined.

Sec. 212. (a) That in the case of an in-
dividual the term "net income" means the
gross income as defined in section 213, less
the deductions allowed by section 214

(b) The net income shall be computed upon
the basis of the taxpayer's annual accounting
period ( fiscal year or calendar year, as the
case may be) in accordance with the method
of accounting- regularly employed in keeping
the books of such taxpayer; but if no such
method of accounting- has been so employed,
or if the method employed does not clearly
reflect the income, the computation shall be
made upon such basis and in such manner as
in the opinion of the commissioner does
clearly reflect the income. If the taxpayer's
annual accounting- period is other than a
fiscal year as defined in section 200 or if
the taxpayer has no annual accounting- period
or does not keep books, the net income shall
be computed on the basis of the calendar
year.

If a taxpayer changes his accounting- period
from fiscal year to calendar year, from cal-
endar year to fiscal year, or from one fiscal
year to another, the net income shall, with
the approval of the commissioner, be com-
puted on the basis of such new accounting-
period, subject to the provisions of section

Gross Income Defined.

Sec. 213. That for the purposes of this
title the term "gross income"

(a) Includes gains, profits and income de-
rived from salaries, wag-es or compensation
for personal service (including- in the case of
the president of the United States, the judges
of the Supreme and inferior courts of the
United States, and all other officers and em-

ployes, whether elected or appointed, of the
United States. Alaska. Hawaii or any po-
litical subdivision thereof, or the District of
Columbia, the compensation received as such),
of whatever kind and in whatever form paid
or from professions, vocations, trades, busi-
nesses, commerce or sales, or dealing's in
property, whether real or personal, growing
out of the ownership or use of or interest in
such property; also from interest, rent, divi-
dends, securities or the transaction of any
business carried on for gain or profit, or
gains or profits, and income derived from any
source whatever. The amount of all such
items shall be included in the gross income
for the taxable year in which received by the
taxpayer, unless, under methods of account-
ing permitted under subdivision (b) of sec-
tion 212, any such amounts are to be prop-
erly accounted for as of a different period:
but

(b) Does not include the following items,
which shall be exempt from taxation under
this title:

( 1 ) The proceeds of life insurance policies
paid upon the death of the insured to indi-
vidual beneficiaries or to the estate of the
insured ;

(2) The amount received by the insured as
a return of premium or premiums paid by
him under life insurance, endowment or an-
nuity contracts, either during the term or at
the maturity of the term mentioned in the
contract or upon surrender of the contract;

<3) The value of property acquired by gift,
bequest, devise or descent (but the income
from such property shall be included in gross
income) ;

(4) Interest upon (a) the obligations of a
state, territory or any political subdivision
thereof, or the District of Columbia; or (b)
securities issued under the provisions of the
federal farm loan act of July 17. 1916; or
(c) the obligations of the United States or
its possessions; or (d) bonds issued by the
war finance corporations.

(5) The income of foreign governments re-
ceived from investments in the United States
in stocks, bonds or other domestic securities,
owned by such foreign governments, or from
interest on deposits in banks in the United
States of moneys belonging to such foreign
governments, or from any other source within
the United States;

(6) Amounts received, through accident or
health insurance or under workmen's com-
pensation acts, as compensation for personal
injuries or sickness, plus the amount of any
damages received whether by suit or agree-
ment on account of such injuries or sickness;

(7) Income derived from any public utility
or the exercise of any essential governmental
function and accruing- to any state, territory
or the District of Columbia, or any political
subdivision of a state or territory, or income
accruing to the government of any possession
of the United States or any political subdi-
vision thereof

(.8) So much of the amount received dur-
ing the war by a person in the military or
naval forces of the United States as salary
or compensation in any form from the United
States for active services in such forces as
does not exceed S3, 500.

(c) In the case of nonresident alien indi-
viduals, gross income includes only the gross
income from sources within the United States.
Deductions Alloiced.

Sec 214 (a) That in computing- net in-
come there shall be allowed as deductions:

(1) All the ordinary and necessary expenses
paid or incurred during the taxable year in
carrying- on any trade or business, including
a reasonable allowance for salaries or other
compensation for personal services actually

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

rendered, and including- rentals or other pay-
ments required to be made as a condition to
the continued use or possession, for purposes
of the trade or business, of property to which
the taxpayer has not taken or is not taking:
title or in which he has no equity;

(2) All interest paid or accrued within the
taxable year on indebtedness, except on in-
debtedness incurred or continued to purchase
or carry obligations or securities (other than
obligations* of the United States issued after
Sept. 24. 1917), the interest upon which
is wholly exempt from taxation under this
title as income to the taxpayer, or, in the
case of a nonresident alien individual, the
proportion of such interest which the amount
of his gross income from sources within the
United States bears to the amount of his
gross income from all sources within and
without the United States:

(3) Taxes paid or accrued within the tax-
able year imposed (a) by the authority of
the United States, except income, war profits
and excess profits taxes; or (b) by the au-
thority of any of its possessions, except the
amount of income, war profits and excess
profits taxes allowed as a credit under sec-
tion 222; or (c) by the authority of any
state or territory, or any county, school dis-
trict, municipality or other taxing subdi-
vision of any state or territory, not includ-
ing- those assessed against local benefits of a
kind tending- to increase the value of the
property assessed: or (d) in the case of a
citizen or resident of the United States, by
the authority of any foreign country, except
the amount of income, war-profits and excess-
profits taxes allowed as a credit under sec-
tion 222; or (e) in the case of a nonresi-
dent alien individual, by the authority of any
foreign country, except income, war-profits
and excess-profits taxes, and taxes assessed
against local benefits of a kind tending to in-
crease the value of the property assessed,
upon property or business;

(4) Losses sustained during the taxable
year and not compensated for by insurance
or otherwise, if incurred in trade or business:

(5) Losses sustained during the taxable
year and not compensated for by insurance or
otherwise, if incurred in any transaction en-
tered into for profit, though not connected
with the trade or business; but in the case
of a nonresident alien individual only as to
such transactions within the United States;

(6) Losses sustained during the taxable
year of property not connected with the trade
or business if arising from fires, storms, ship-
wreck or other casualty, or from theft, and if
not compensated for by insurance or otherwise :

(7) Debts ascertained to be worthless and
charged off within the taxable year;

(8) A reasonable allowance for the ex-
haustion, wear and tear of property used
in the trade or business, including a reason-
able allowance for obsolescence;

(9) In the case of buildings, machinery,
equipment or other facilities constructed,
erected, installed or acquired, on or after
April 6. 1917, for the production of articles
contributing to the prosecution of the
war, and in the case of vessels construct-
ed or acquired on or after such date for the
transportation of articles or men contribut-
ing to the prosecution of the war, there shall
be allowed a reasonable deduction for the
amortization of such part of the cost of su^h
facilities or vessels as has been borne by the
taxpayer.

(10) In the case of mines, oil and gas wells,
other natural deposits and timber, a rea-
sonable allowance for depletion and for de-
preciation of improvements, according to the
peculiar conditions in each case, based upon

cost including cost of development not other-
wise deducted.

(11) Contributions or gifts made within^
the taxable year to corporations organized
and operated exclusively for religious, cuar-
itable, scientific or educational purposes, or
for the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals, no part of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stockholder
or individual, or to the special fund for vo-
cational rehabilitation authorized by section 7
of the vocational rehabilitation act, to an
amount not in excess of 15 per centum of the
taxpayer's net income as computed without
the benefit of this paragraph.

Items Not Deductible.

Sec. 215. That in computing net income no
deduction shall in any case be allowed in re-
spect of

(a) Personal, living- or family expenses:

(b) Any amount paid out for new buildings
or for permanent improvements or betterments
made to increase the value of any property or
estate:

(c) Any amount expended in restoring- prop-
erty or in making good the exhaustion thereof
for which an allowance is or has been
made: or

(d) Premiums paid on any life insurance
policy covering the life of any officer or em-
ploye, or of any person financially interested
in any trade or business carried on by the
taxpayer, when the taxpayer is directly or in-
directly a beneficiary under such policy.

Credits Allowed.

Sec. 216. That for the purpose of the nor-
mal tax only there shall be allowed the fol-
lowing credits:

(a) The amount received as dividends from
a corporation which is taxable under this title
upon its net income, and amounts received as
dividends from a personal service corporation
out of earnings or profits upon which income
tax has been imposed by act of congress:

(b) The amount received as interest upon
obligations of the United States and bonds is-
sued by the war finance corporation, which is
included in gross income under section 213;

(c) In the case of a single person, a per-
sonal exemption of $1,000, or in the case of
the head of a family or a married person liv-
ing with husband or wife, a personal exemp-
tion of $2,000. A husband and wife living
together shall receive but one personal ex-
emption of $2,000 against their aggregate net
income: and in case they make separate re-
turns, the personal exemption of $2.000 may
be taken by either or divided between them:

(d) $200 for each person (other than hus-
band or wife) dependent upon and receiving
his chief support from the taxpayer, if such
dependent person is under 18 years of age
or is incapable of self-support because mentally
or physically defective:

(e) In the case of a nonresident alien indi-
vidual who is a citizen or subject of a coun-
try which imposes an income tax. the credits
allowed in subdivisions (c) and (d) shall be
allowed only if such country allows a similar
credit to citizens of the United States not re-
siding in such country.

artners hips and Personal Service Corporations.
Sec. 218. (a) That individuals carrying on
business in partnership shall be liable for in-
come tax only in their individual capacity.
There shall be included in computing the net
-ncome of each partner his distributive share,
whether distributed or not. of the net income
of the partnership.

(e) Personal service corporations shall not
be subject to taxation under this title, but
he individual stockholders thereof shall be
taxed in the same manner as the members of
partnerships.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Estates and Trusts.

Sec. 219. (a) That the tax imposed by sec-
tions 210 and 211 shall apply to the income
of estates or of any kind of property held
in trust, including:

(1) Income received by estates of deceased
persons during- the period of administration or
settlement of the estate;

(2) Income accumulated in trust for the
benefit of unborn or unascertained persons or
persons with contingent interests:

(3) Income held for future distribution un-
der the terms of the will or trust: and

(4) Income which is to be distributed to
the beneficiaries periodically, whether or not
at regular intervals, and the income collected
by a guardian of an infant to be held or dis-
tributed as the court may direct.

(b) The fiduciary shall be responsible for
making: the return of income for the estate
or trust for which he acts.

Time and Place for Filing Returns.

Sec. 227. (a) That returns shall be made
on or before the fifteenth day of the third
month following- the close of the fiscal year,
or, if the return is made on the basis of the
calendar year, then the return shall be made
on or before the 15th day of March. The
commissioner may grant a reasonable exten-
sion of time for filing returns whenever in his
judgment good cause exists and shall keep
a record of every such extension and the rea-
son therefor. Except in the case of tax-
payers who are abroad, no such extension shall
be for more than six months.

(b) Returns shall be made to the collector
for the district in which is located the legal
residence or principal place of business of the
person making the return, or, if he has no
legal residence or principal place of business
in the United States, then to the collector at
Baltimore, Md.

CORPORATIONS.

Sec. 230. That, in lieu of the taxes im-
posed by section 10 of the revenue act of
1916, as amended by the revenue act of 1917,
and by section 4 of the revenue act of 1917.
there shall be levied, collected and paid for
each taxable year upon the net income of every
corporation a tax at the following: rates:

(1) For the calendar year 1918. 12 per
centum of the amount of the net income in
excess of the credits provided in section 236:
and

(2) For each calendar year thereafter. 10
per centum of such excess amount.

Conditional and Other Exemptions.
Sec. 231. That the following organizations
shall be exempt from taxation under this
title

(1) Labor, agricultural or horticultural or-
ganizations:

(2) Mutual savings banks not having a cap-
ital stock represented by shares;

(3) Fraternal beneficiary societies, orders or
associations, (a) operating under the lodge
system or for the exclusive benefit of the
members of a fraternity itself operating under
the lodge system, and (b) providing for the
payment of life, sick, accident or other ben-
efits to the members of such society, order or
association or their dependents:

(4) Domestic building and loan associations
and co-operative banks without capital stock
organized and operated for mutual purposes
and without profit;

(5) Cemetery companies owned and operated
exclusively for the benefit of their members;

(6) Corporations organized and operated ex-
clusively for religious, charitable, scientific
or educational purposes, or for the prevention
of cruelty to children or animals, no part of
the net earnings of which inures to the benefit
of any private stockholder or individual:

(7) Business leagues, chambers of commerce

or boards of trade, not organized for profit
and no part of the net earnings of which
inures' to the benefit of any private stockholder
or individual;

(8) Civic leagues or organizations not or-
ganized for profit but operated exclusirely for
the promotion of social welfare:

(9) Clubs organized and operated exclusively
for pleasure, recreation and other nonprofitable
purposes, no part of the net earnings of which
inures to the benefit of any private stock-
holder or member:

(10) Farmers' or other mutual hail, cyclone
or fire insurance companies, mutual ditch or
irrigation companies, mutual or co-operative
telephone companies, or like organizations of
a purely local character, the income of which
consists solely of assessments, dues and fees
collected from members for the sole purpose
of meeting expenses:

I (11) Farmers', fruit growers' or like associ-
ations, organized and operated as sales agenta
for the purpose of marketing the products of
members and turning back to them the pro-
ceeds of sales, less the necessary selling ex-
penses, on the basis of the quantity of
produce furnished by them:

(12) Corporations organized for the exclu-
sive purpose of holding title to property, col-
lecting income therefrom and turning over the
entire amount thereof, less expenses, to an or-
ganization which itself is exempt from the tax
imposed by this title;

(13) Federal land banks and national farm-
loan associations as provided in section 26
of the act approved July 17, 1916.

(14) Personal service corporations.

Net Income Defined.

Sec. 232. That in the case of a corporation
subject to the tax imposed by section 230 the
term "net income" means the gross income as
defined in section 233 less the deductions al-
lowed by section 234. and the net income shall
be computed on the same basis as is pro-
vided in subdivision (b) of section 212 or ip
section 226.

Gross Income Defined.

Sec. 233. (a) That in the case of a cor-
poration subject to the tax imposed by sec-
tion 230 the term "gross income" means th
gross income as defined in section 213. ex-
cept that:

(1) In the case of life insurance companies
there shall not be included in gross income
such portion of any actual premium received
from any individual policyholder as is paid
back or credited to or treated as an abate-
ment of premium of such policyholder within
the taxable year.

(2) Mutual marine insurance companies shall
include in gross income the gross premiums
collected and received by them lesa amounts
paid for reinsurance.

(b) In the case of a foreign corppration
gros8 income includes only the gross income
from sources within the United States.
Deductions Allowed.

Sec. 234. (a) That in computing the net
income of a corporation subject to the tax
imposed by section 230 there shall be allowed
as deductions:

(1) All the ordinary and necessary expenses
paid or incurred during the taxable year in
carrying on any trade or business, including a
reasonable allowance for salaries or other com-
pensation for personal services actually ren-
dered, and including rentals or other payments
required to be made as a condition to the
continued use or possession of property to
which the corporation has not taken or is
not taking title, or in which it has no equity:

(2) All interest paid or accrued within the
taxable year on its indebtedness, except on
indebtedness incurred or, continued to purchase
or carry obligations or securities (other than
obligations of the United States Issued after

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Sept. 24. 1917) the interest upon which is
whplly exempt from taxation under this title
as income to the taxpayer, or. in the case of
a foreign corporation, the proportion of such
interest which the amount of its gross in-
come from sources within the United States
bears to the amount of its gross income from
all sources within and without the United
States:

(3) Taxes paid or accrued within the tax-
able year imposed (a) by the authority of the
United States, except income, war profits and
excess profits taxes; or (b) by the authority
of any of its possessions, except the amount of
income, war profits and excess profits taxes
allowed as a credit under section 238: or (c)
by the authority of any state or territory, or
any county, schopl district, municipality or
other taxing- subdivision of any state or ter-
ritory, not including those assessed against
local benefits of a kind tending to increase the
value of the property assessed: or (d) in the
case of a domestic corporation, by the au-
thority of any foreign country, except the
amount of income, war profits and excess
profits taxes allowed as a credit under sec-
tion 238: or (e) in the case of a foreign cor-
poration, by the authority of any foreign
country (except income, war profits and ex-
cess profits taxes, and taxes assessed against
local benefits of a kind tending to increase the
valve of the property assessed) . upon the
property or business: Provided, That in the
case of obligors specified in subdivision (b)
of section 221 no deduction for the payment
of the tax imposed by this title or any other
tax paid pursuant to the contract or provi-
sion referred to in that subdivision, shall be
allowed :

(4) Losses sustained during- the taxable year
and not compensated for by insurance or
otherwise:

(5) Debts ascertained to be worthless and
charged off within the taxable year:

(6) Amounts received as dividends from a
corporation which is taxable under this title
upon its net income, and amounts received as
dividends from a personal service corporation
out of earnings or profits upon which income
tax has been imposed by act of congress;

(7) A reasonable allowance for the exhaus-
tion, wear and tear of property used in the
trade or business, including: a reasonable al-
lowance for obsolescence.

Credits Allowed.

Sec. 236. That for the purpose only of the
tax imposed by section 230 there shall be al-
lowed the following credits:

(a) The amount received as interest upon
obligations of the United States and bonds
issued by the war finance corporation, which
is included in gross income under section 233;

(b) The amount of any taxes imposed by
Title III. for the same taxable year.

Corporation Returns.

Sec. 239. That every corporation subject to
taxation under this title and every personal
service corporation shall make a return, stat-
ing specifically the items of its gross income
and the deductions and credits allowed by this
title. The return shall be sworn to by the
president, vice-president or other principal offi-
cer and by the treasurer or assistant treasurer.

WAR PROFITS AND EXCESS PROFITS
TAXES.

For the taxable year 1919 and each taxable
year thereafter there shall be levied, collected
and paid upon the net income of every cor-
poration a tax equal to the sum of the follow-
ing:

(1) 20 per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of the excess profits credit
and not in excess of 20 per centum of the
invested capital;

(2) 40 per centum of the amount of the net
income in excess of 20 per centum of the in-
vested capital.

Any corporation whose net income for the
taxable year is less than $3,000 shall be
exempt from taxation under this title.
War Profits.

Sec. 310. That as used in this title the term
"prewar period" means the calendar years
1911, 1912 and 1913. or, if a corporation
was not in existence during the whole of such
period, then as many of such years during
the whole of which the corporation was in
existence.

Sec. 311. (a) That the war profits credit
shall consist of the sum of:

(1) A specific exemption of $3,000: and

(2) An amount equal to the average net
income of the corporation for the prewar
period, plus or minus, as the case may be.
10 per centum of the difference between the
average invested capital for the prewar period
and the invested capital for the taxable year.
If the tax is computed for a period of less
than twelve months such amount shall be re-
duced to the same proportion thereof as the
number of months in the period is of twelve
mouths.

(b) If the corporation had no net income
for the prewar period, or if the amount com-
puted under paragraph (2) of subdivision (a)
is less than 10 per centum of its invested
capital for the taxable year, then the war
profits credit shall be the sum of:

(1) A specific exemption of $3,000: and

(2) An amount equal to 10 per centum of
the invested capital for the taxable year.

(c) If the corporation was not in existence
during the whole of at least one calendar
year during the prewar period, then, except
as provided in subdivision (d). the war profits
credit shall be the sum of:

(1) A specific exemption of $3,000: and

(2) An amount equal to the same percent-
age of the invested capital of the taxpayer
for the taxable year as the average percent-
age of net income to invested capital for the
prewar period, of corporations engaged in a
trade or business of the same general class as
that conducted by the taxpayer: but such
amount shall in no case be less than 10 per
centum of the invested capital of the tax-
payer for the taxable year. Such average per-
centage shall be determined by the commis-
sioner on the basis of data contained in re-
turns made under Title II. of the revenue act
of 1917. and the average known as the
median shall be used. If such average per-
centage has not been determined and published
at least 30 days prior to the time when the
return of the taxpayer is due, then for pur-
poses of such return 10 per centum shall be
used in lieu thereof: but such average per-
centage when determined shall be used for
the purposes of section 250 in determining the
correct amount of the tax.

(d) The war profits credit shall be deter-
mined in the manner provided in subdivision
(b) instead of in the manner provided in
subdivision (c), in the case of any corpora-
tion which was not in existence during the
whole of at least 9ne calendar year during
the prewar period, if (1) a majority of its
stock at any time during the taxable year
is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,
by a corporation which was in existence dur-
ing the whole of at least one calendar year
during the prewar period, or if (2) 50 per
centum or more of its gross income (as com-
puted under section 233 for income tax pur-
poses) consists of gains, profits, commissions,
or other income, derived from a government
contract or contracts made between April 6.
1917. and Nov. 11. 1918, both dates inclusive.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

(e) A foreign corporation shall not be en-
titled to a specific exemption of $3.000.
Excess Profits.

Sec. 312. That the excess profits credit shall
consist of a specific exemption of $3.000 plus
an amount equal to 8 per centum of the in-
vested capital for the taxable year.

A foreign corporation shall not be entitled
to the specific exemption of $3.000.
ESTATE TAXES.

Sec. 401. That a tax equal to the sum of
the following: percentages of the value of the
net estate is hereby imposed upon the trans-
fer of the net estate of every decedent dying
after the passage of this act, whether a resi-
dent or nonresident of the United States.

1 per centum of the amount of the net
estate not in excess of $50.000;

2 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $50,000 and does not ex-
ceed $150.000:

3 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $150,000 and does not ex-
ceed $250.000:

4 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $250.000 and does not ex-
ceed $450.000:

6 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $450.000 and does not ex-
ceed $750.000:

8 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $750,000 and does not ex-
ceed $1.000.000:

10 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $1,000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $1.500.000:

12 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $1.500.000 and does not ex-
ceed $2.000.000:

14 per centum of the amount by which the
"ed S3 00 exce ! ds $ 2 ' 000 ' an d does not ex-

16 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $3.000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $4.000.000:

18 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $4,000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $5.000.000:

20 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $5,000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $8.000.000:

22 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $8.000.000 and does not ex-
ceed $10.000.000: and

25 per centum of the amount by which the
net estate exceeds $10.000.000.

TAX ON TRANSPORTATION.
.Sec. 500 That from and after April 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected, and
paid.

(a) A tax equivalent to 3 per centum of
the amount paid for the transportation on or
after such date, by rail or water or by any
form of mechanical motor power when In
competition with carriers by rail or water of
property by freig-ht transported from one point
in the United States to* another: and a like
tax on the amount paid for such transporta-
tion within the United States of property
transported from a point without the United
States to a point within the United States:

(b) A tax of 1 cent for each 20 cents
or fraction thereof of the amount paid to
any person for the transportation on or after
such date, by rail or water or by any form
)f mechanical motor power when in competi-
tion with express by rail or water of any
Package, parcel, or shipment, by express
transported from one point in the United
States to another; and a like tax on the
amoynt paid for such transportation within
the United States of property transported from
a point without the United States to a point

within the United States;

(c) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum of
the amount paid for the transportation on or
after such date of persons by rail or water,
or by any form of mechanical motor power
on a regular established line when in com-
petition with carriers by rail or water, from
one point in the United States to another or
to any point in Canada or Mexico, where the
ticket or order therefor is sold or issued in
the United States, not including- the amount
paid for commutation or season tickets for
trips less than thirty miles, or for transporta-
tion the fare for which does not exceed 42
cents.

(d) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum of
the amount paid for seats, berths and state-
rooms in parlor cars, sleeping 1 cars or on ves-
sels, used on or after such date in connec-
tion with transportation upon which tax is
imposed by subdivision (c) :

(e) A tax equivalent to 8 per centum of
the amount paid for the transportation on
or after such date of oil by pipe line;

(f) In the case ot each telegraph, tele-
phone, cable or radio dispatch, message, or
conversation, which originates on or after
such date within the United States, and for
the transmission of which the charge is more
than 14 cents and not more than 50 cents, a
tax of 6 cents; and if the charge is more
than 50 cents, a tax of 10 cents: Provided.
That only one payment of such tax shall be
required, notwithstanding- the lines or sta-
tions of one or more persons are used for
the transmission of such dispatch, message,
or conversation: and

(g) A tax equivalent to 10 per centum of
the amount paid after such date to any tele-
graph or telephone company for any leased
wire or talking circuit special service fur-
nished after such date. This subdivision shall
not apply to the amount paid for so much of
such service as is utilized (1) in the collec-
tion and dissemination of news through the
public press, or (2) in the conduct, by a
common carrier or telegraph or telephone
company, of its business as such.

TAX ON INSURANCE.

Sec. 503. From and after April 1. 1919,
there shall be collected on life insurance a tax
equivalent to 8 cents on each $100 or fraction-
al part thereof of the amount for which any
life is insured; on marine, inland, fire and
casualty insurance, a tax equivalent to 1 cent
on each dollar or fractional part thereof of
the premium charged under each policy of in-
surance.

TAX ON BEVERAGES.

Sec. 600. That there shall be levied and
collected on all distilled spirits now in bond
or that have been or that may be hereafter
produced in or imported into the United
States, except such distilled spirits as are
subject to the tax provided in section 604. in
lieu of the internal revenue taxes now imposed
thereon by law. a tax of $2.20 (or. if with-
drawn for beverage purposes or for use in
the manufacture or production of any article
used or intended for use as a beverage, a tax
of $6.40) on each proof gallon, or wine gal-
lon when below proof, and a proportionate
tax at a like rate on all fractional parts of
such proof or wine gallon, to be paid by the
distiller or importer when withdrawn, and
collected under the provisions of existing law.

In lieu of the internal revenue tax now
imposed thereon by law there shall be levied
and collected upon all perfumes hereafter im-
ported into the United States containing dis-
tilled spirits a tax of $1.10 per wine gal-
lon, and a proportionate tax at a like rate
on all fractional parts of such wine gallon.

Sec. 604. That upon all distilled spirits pro-
duced in or imported into the United States
upon which the internal revenue tax now

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

imposed by law has been paid, and which, on
the day after the passage of this act. are
held by any person and intended for sale or
for use in the manufacture or production of
any article intended for sale, there shall be
levied, assessed, collected, and paid a floor tax
of $3.20 (if intended for sale for beverage
purposes or for use in the manufacture or
production of any article used or intended for
use as a beverage) on each proof gallon, and
a proportionate tax at a like rate on all
fractional parts of such proof gallon.

Sec. 605. That in addition to the tax im-
posed by this act on distilled spirits and
wines, there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected, and paid, in lieu of the tax imposed
by section 304 of the revenue act of 1917, a
tax of 30 cents on each proof gallon.

On wines containing not more than 14 per
centum of absolute alcohol. 16 cents per wine
gallon, the per centum of alcohol taxable un-
der this section to be reckoned by volume and
not by weight :

On wines containing more than 14 per cen-
tum and not exceeding 21 per centum of ab-
solute alcohol. 40 cents per wine gallon:

On wines containing more than 21 per cen-
tum and not exceeding 24 per centum of ab-
solute alcohol. $1 per wine gallon:

All such wines containing more than 24 per
centum of absolute alcohol by volume shall
be classed as distilled spirits and shall pay
tax accordingly.

Sec. 628. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected, and paid in lieu of the
taxes imposed by sections 313 and 315 of
the revenue act of 1917

(a) Upon all beverages derived wholly or
in part from cereals or substitutes there-
for, and containing- less than one-half of one
pei* centum of alcohol, sold by the manufac-
turer, producer, or importer, in bottles or
other closed containers, a tax equivalent to
15 per centum of the price for which so
sold: and upon all unfermented grape juice,
ginger ale. root beer, sarsaparilla. pop. arti-
ficial mineral waters (carbonated or not car-
bonated), other carbonated waters or bever-
ages, and other soft drinks, sold by the manu-
facturer, producer, or importer, in bottles or
other closed containers, a tax equivalent to
10 per centum of the price for which so sold:
and

(b) Upon all natural mineral waters or table
waters, sold by the producer, bottler, or im-
porter thereof, in bottles or other closed con-
tainers, at over 10 cents per gallon, a tax of
2 cents per gallon.

Sec. 630. That on and after May 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected, and
paid a tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
fraction thereof of the amount paid to any
person conducting a soda fountain, ice cream
parlor, or other similar place of business, for
drinks commonly known as soft drinks, com-
pounded or mixed at such place of business.
or for ice cream, ice cream sodas, sundaes, or
other similar articles of food or drink, when
any of the above are sold on or after such
date for consumption in or in proximity to
such place of business. Such tax shall be
paid by the purchaser to the vendor at the
time of the Bale.

TOBACCO TAXES.

Sec. 700. That upon cigars and cigarettes
manufactured in or imported into the United
States, and hereafter sold by the manufacturer
or importer, or removed for consumption or
sale, there shall be levied, collected, and paid
under the provisions of existing law, in lieu
of the internal revenue taxes now imposed
thereon by law, the following taxes, to be paid
by the manufacturer or importer thereof

On cigars of all descriptions made of to-
bacco, or any substitute therefor, and weigh-

ing not more than three pounds per thousand.
51.50 per thousand:

On cigars made of tobacco, or any substitute
therefor, and weighing more than three pounds
per thousand, if manufactured or imported to
retail at not more than 5 cents each. $4 per
thousand:

If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 5 cents each and not more than
8 cents each, $6 per thousand;

If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 8 cents each and not more than
15 cents each. $9 per thousand:

If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 15 cents each and not more than
20 cents each. $12 per thousand:

If manufactured or imported to retail at
more than 20 cents each. $15 per thousand:

On cigarettes made of tobacco, or any sub-
stitute therefor, and weighing not more than
three pounds per thousand. $3 per thousand:

Weighing more than three pounds per thou-
sand. $7.20 per thousand.

Sec. 701. That uppn all tobacco and snuff
manufactured in or imported into the United
States, and hereafter sold by the manufacturer
or importer, or removed for consumption or
sale, there shall be levied, collected, and paid,
in lieu of the internal revenue taxes now im-
posed thereon by law, a tax of 18 cents per
pound, to be paid by the manufacturer or
importer thereof.

TAX ON ADMISSIONS AND DUES.

Sec. 800. (a) That from and after April 1.
1919, there shall be levied, assessed, collect-
ed and paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed
by section 700 of the revenue act of 1917

(1) A tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
fraction thereof of the amount paid for ad-
mission to any place on or after such date,
including admission by season ticket or sub-
scription, to be paid by the person paying
for such admission;

(2) In the case of persons (except bona fide
employes, municipal officers on official busi-
ness, persons in the military or naval forces
of the United States when in uniform, and
children under 12 years of age) admitted
free or at reduced rates to any place at a time
when and under circumstances under which
an admission charge is made to other per-
sons, a tax of 1 cent for each 10 cents or
fraction thereof of the price so charged to
such other persons for the same or similar
accommodations, to be paid by the person
so admitted:

(3) Upon tickets or cards of admission to
theaters, operas and other places of amuse-
ment, sold at news stands, hotels and places
other than the ticket offices of such theaters,
operas or other places of amusement, at not
to exceed 50 cents in excess of the sum of
the established price therefor at such ticket
offices plus the amount of any tax imposed
under paragraph (1). a tax equivalent to 5
per centum of the amount of such ex-
cess: and if sold for more than 50 cents in
excess of the sum 6f such established price
plus the amount of any tax imposed under
paragraph (1). a tax equivalent to 50 per
centum of the whole amount of such excess,
such taxes to be returned and paid, in the
manner provided in section 903. by the per-
son selling such tickets:

(4) A tax equivalent to 50 per centum of
the amount for which the proprietors, man-
agers or employes of any opera house, the-
ater or other place of amusement sell or dis-
pose of tickets or cards of admission in ex-
cess of the regular or established price or
charge therefor, such tax to be returned and
paid, in the manner provided in section 903.
by the person selling such tickets:

(5) In the case of persons having the per-
manent use of boxes or seats in an opera

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

house or any place of amusement or a lease
tor the use of such box or seat in such opera
house or place of amusement, in lieu of the
tax imposed by paragraph (1). a tax equiv-
alent to 10 per centum of the amount for
which a similar box or seat is sold for
each performance or exhibition at which
the box or seat is used or reserved by
or for the lessee or holder, such tax to be
paid by the lessee or holder: and

(6) A tax of 1% cents for each 10 cents
or fraction thereof of the amount paid for
admission to any public performance for prof-
it at any roof grarden. cabaret or other sim-
ilar entertainment, to which the charge for
admission is wholly or in part included in the
price paid for refreshment, service or mer-
chandise: the amount paid for such admission
to be deemed to be 20 per centum of the
amount paid for refreshment, service and
merchandise: such tax to be paid by the per-
son paying- for such refreshment, service or
merchandise.

(b) No tax shall be levied under this title
In respect to any admissions all the proceeds
of which inure exclusively to the benefit of
religious, educational or charitable institu-
tions, societies or organizations, societies for
the prevention of cruelty to children or ani-
mals or exclusively to the benefit of organiza-
tions conducted for the sole purpose of main-
taining 1 symphony orchestras and receiving
substantial support from voluntary contribu-
tions, none of the profits of which are dis-
tributed to members of such organizations,
or exclusively to the benefit of persons in
the military or naval forces of the United
States, or admissions to agricultural fairs
none of the profits of which are distributed
to stockholders or members of the association
conducting- the same.

Sec. 801. That from and after April 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected and
paid, in lieu of the taxes imposed by section
701 of the revenue act of 1917. a tax equiv-
alent to 10 per centum of any amount paid
on or after such date, for any period after
such date, (a) as dues or membership fees
(where the dues or fees of an active resi-
dent annual member are in excess of $10 per
year) to any social, athletic, or sporting 1 club
or org-anization: or (b) as initiation fees to
such a club or organization, if such fees
amount to more than 810. or if the dues or
membership fees (not including- initiation fees)
of an active resident annual member are in
excess of $10 per year; such taxes to be
paid by the person paying- such dues or fees:
Provided. That there shall be exempted from
the provisions of this section all amounts
paid as dues or fees to a fraternal society, or-
der, or association, operating under the lodg-e
system. In the case of life memberships a
life member shall pay annually, at the time
for the payment of dues by active resident
annual members, a tax equivalent to the tax
upon the amount paid by such member, but
shall pay no tax upon the amount paid lor
life membership.

EXCISE TAXES.

Sec. 900. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid upon the following-
articles sold or leased by the manufacturer,
producer, or importer, a tax equivalent to
the following- percentages of the price for
which so sold or leased

(1) Autpmobile trucks and automobile
wag-ons (including- tires, inner tubes, parts
and accessories therefor, sold on or in con-
nection therewith or with the sale thereof).
o per centum:

(2) Other automobiles and motorcycles (in-
cluding: tires, inner tubes, parts and acces-
sories therefor, sold on or in connection there-

with or with the sale thereof), except trac-
tors. 5 per centum:

(3) Tires, inner tubes, parts or accessories,
for any of the articles enumerated in subdi-
vision (1) or (2). sold to any person other
than a manufacturer or producer of any of
the articles enumerated in subdivision (1) or
(2). 5 per centum:

(4) Pianos, organs (other than pipe organs),
piano players, graphophones. phonographs,
talking machines, music boxes and records
used in connection with any musical instru-
ment, piano player, graphophone. phono-
graph or talking machine. 5 per centum:

(5) Tennis rackets, nets, racket covers and
presses, skates, snowshoes. skis, toboggans,
canoe paddles and cushions, polo mallets, base-
ball bats, gloves, masks, protectors, shoes

I and uniforms, football helmets, harness and
I goals, basket ball goals and uniforms, golf
bags and clubs, lacrosse sticks, balls of all
kinds, including baseballs, footballs, tennis,
golf, lacrosse, billiard and pool balls, fishing
rods and reels, billiard and pool tables, chess
and checker boards and pieces, dice, games
and parts of games (except playing cards and
children's toys and games), and all similar
articles commonly or commercially known a*
sporting goods. 10 per centum:

(6) Chewing gum or substitutes therefor. 3
per centum:

(7) Cameras, weighing- not more than 100
pounds. 10 per centum:

(8) Photographic films and plates, other
than moving-picture films. 5 per centum:

(9) Candy. 5 per centum:

(10) Firearms, shells and cartridges, except
those sold for the use of the United States,
any state, territory, or possession of the
United States, any political subdivision there-
of, the District of Columbia, or any foreign
country while engaged against the German
government in war, 10 per centum.

(11) Hunting- and bowie knives. 10 per
centum:

(12) Dirk knives, daggers, sword canea,
stilettos and brass or metallic knuckles. 100
per centum:

(13) Portable electric fans. 6 per centum:

(14) Thermos and thermostatic bottles,
carafes, jugs, or other thermostatic contain-
ers. 5 per centum:

(15) Cigar or cigarette holders and pipes,
composed wholly or in part of meerschaum
or amber, humidors and smoking- stands. 10
per centum:

(16) Automatic slot device vending ma-
chines. 5 per centum, and automatic slot
device weighing machines. 10 per centum:
if the manufacturer, producer, or importer of
any such machine operates it for profit, he
shall pay a tax in respect to each such ma-
chine put into operation equivalent to 5 per
centum of its fair market value in the case
of a vending machine, and 10 per centum
of its fair market value in the case of a
weighing machine:

(17) Liveries and livery boots and hats. 10
per centum:

(18) Hunting and shooting- grarments and
riding habits. 10 per centum:

(19) Articles made of fur on the hide or
pelt, or of which any such fur is the com-
ponent material of chief value. 10 per
centum:

(20) Yachts and motor boats not designed
for trade, fishing, or national defense: and
pleasure boats and pleasure canoes if sold for
more than $15. 10 per centum; and

(21) Toilet soaps and toilet soap powders.
3 per centum

Sec. 902. That there shall be levied, as-
sessed, collected and paid upon sculpture,
paintings, statuary, art porcelains and bronzes,
sold by any person other than the artist, a
tax equivalent to 10 per centum of the price

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

for which so sold. This section shall not ap-
ply to the sale of any such article to an edu-
cational institution or public art museum.

Sec. 904. (a) That on and after May 1,
1919, there shall be levied, assessed, collect-
ed and paid a tax equivalent to 10 per centum
of so much of the amount paid for any of
the following- articles as is in excess of the
price hereinafter specified as to each such ar-
ticle, when such article is sold by or for a
dealer or his estate on or after such date for
consumption or use

(1) Carpets and rugs, including 1 fiber, ex-
cept imported and American rugs made prin-
cipally of wool, on the amount in excess of
$5 per square yard:

(2) Picture frames, on the amount in excess
of 810 each:

(3) Trunks, on the amount in excess of
950 each:

(4) VaMaee, traveling 1 baps, suitcases, hat
boxes used by travelers, and fitted toilet
cases, on the amount in excess of $25 each:

(6) Purses, pocket books, shopping and
hand bags, on the amount in excess of $7.50

(6) Portable lighting fixtures, including
lamps of all kinds and lamp shades, on the
amount in excess of $25 each:

(7) Umbrellas, parasols, and sun shades, on
the amount in excess of $4 each:

(8) Fans, on the amount in excess of $1

(9) House or smoking coats or jackets, and
bath or lounging robes, on the amount in
excess of $7.50 each:

(10) Men's waistcoats, sold separately from
suits, on the amount in excess of $5 each :

(11) Women's and misses' hats, bonnets and
hoods, on the amount in excess of $15 each;

(12) Men's and boys' hats, on the amount in
excess of $5 each;

(13) Men's and boys' caps, on the amount
in excess of $2 each:

(14) Men's, women's, misses' and boys'
boots, shoes, pumps and slippers, not includ-
ing shoes or appliances made to order for
any person having a crippled or deformed foot
or ankle, on the amount in excess of $10 per
pair:

(15) Men's and boys' necktipa and neck-
wear, on the amount in excess of $2 each.

(16) Men's and boys' silk stockings or hose.
on the amount in excess of $1 per pair;

(17) Women's 'and misses' silk stockings or
hose, on the amount in excess of $2 per
pair:

(18) Men's shirts, on the amount in ex-
cess of $3 each;

(19) Men's, women's, misses' and boys' pa-
jamas, nightgowns and underwear, on the
amount in excess of $5 each; and

(20) Kimonos, petticoats and waists, on the
amount in. excess of $15 each.

Sec. 905. That on and after April 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, assessed, collected and
paid (in lieu of the tax imposed by subdi-
vision (e) of section 600 of the revenue act
of 1917) upon all articles commonly or
commercially known as jewelry, whether real
or imitation: pearls, precious and semiprecious
stones, and imitations thereof; articles made
of, or ornamented, mounted or fitted with,
precious metals or imitations thereof or ivory
(not including surgical instruments) ; watch-
es; clocks; opera glasses; lorgnettes; marine
glasses; field grlasses and binoculars; upon
any of the above when sold by or for a dealer
or his estate for consumption or use, a tax
equivalent to 5 per centum of the price for
which so sold.

Sec. 906. That on and after the 1st day of
May. 1919. any person engaged in the busi-
ness of leasing or licensing for exhibition posi-
tive motion-picture films containing pictures
ready for projection shall pay monthly an
excise tax in respect to carrying on such busi-

ness equal to 5 per centum of the total
rentals earned from each such lease or li-
cense during the preceding month. If a per-
son owning such a film exhibits it for profit
he shall pay a tax equivalent to 5 per centum
of the fair rental or license value of such
film at the time and place where and for the
period during which exhibited.

Sec. 907. (a) That on and after May 1.
1919. there shall be levied, assessed, col-
lected and paid (in lieu of the taxes imposed
by subdivisions (g) and (h) of section 600
of the revenue act of 1917) a tax of 1 cent
for each 25 cents or fraction thereof of the
amount paid for any of the following articles
when sold by or for a dealer or his estate on
or after such date for consumption or use:

(1) Perfumes, essences, extracts, toilet
waters, cosmetics, petroleum jellies, hair oils,
pomades, hair dressings, hair restoratives, hair
dyes, tooth and mouth washes, dentifrices,
tooth pastes, aromatic cachous. toilet powders
(other than soap powders), or any similar sub-
stance, article, or preparation by whatso-
ever name known or distinguished, any of
the above which are used or applied or in-
tended to be used or applied for toilet pur-

P ( 8 2)' Pills, tablets, powders, tinctures, troches
or lozenges, sirups, medicinal cordials or bit-
ters, anodynes, tonics, plasters, liniments,
salves, ointments, pastes, drops, waters (ex-
cept those taxed under section 628 of this
act), essences, spirits, oils, and other medicinal
preparations, compounds, or compositions (not
including serums and antitoxins), upon the
amount paid for any of the above as to which
the manufacturer or producer claims to have
any private formula, secret, or occult art for
making or preparing the same, or has or
claims to have any exclusive right or title to
the making or preparing the same, or which
are prepared, uttered, vended, or exposed for
sale under any letters patent, or trade-mark,
or which (if prepared by any formula, pub-
lished or unpublished) are held out or recom-
mended to the public by the makers, vendors,
or proprietors thereof as proprietary medi-
cines or medicinal proprietary articles or prep-
arations, or as remedies or specifics for any
disease, diseases, or affection whatever af-
fecting the human or animal body.

SPECIAL TAXES.

Sec. 1000. That on and after July 1, 1918.
in lieu of the tax imposed by the first sub-
division of section 407 of the revenue act

(1) Every domestic corporation shall pay
annually a special excise tax with respect to
carrying on or doing business, equivalent to
$1 for each $1,000 or so much of the fair
average value of its capital stock for the
preceding year ending June 30 as is in excess
of $5,000. In estimating the value of capital
stock the surplus and undivided profits shall
be included;

(2) Every foreign corporation shall pay
annually a special excise tax with respect to
carrying on. or doing business in the United
States, equivalent to $1 for each $1,000 of
the average amount of capital employed 11 the
transaction of its business in the United States
during the preceding year ending June 30.

Sec. 1001. That on and after Jan. 1. 1919.
there shall be levied, collected, and paid
annually the following special taxes

(1) Brokers shall pay $50. Every person
whose business it is to negotiate purchases or
sales of stocks, bonds, exchange, bullion,
coined money, bank notes, promissory notes,
other securities, produce or merchandise, for
others, shall be regarded as a broker. If a
broker is a member of a stock exchange, or
if he is a member of any produce exchange.
board Of trade, or similar organization, where

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

produce or merchandise is sold, he shall pay
an additional amount as follows: If the av-
erage value, during- the preceding- year end-
ing- June 30. of a seat or membership in
such exchange or organization was $2.000 or
more but not more than $5.000, $100: if
such value was more than $5,000. $160.

(2) Pawnbrokers shall pay $100. Every
person whose business or occupation it is to
take or receive, by way of pledge, pawn, or
exchange, any groods. wares, or merchandise, or
any kind of personal property whatever, as
security for the repayment of money loaned
thereon, shall be regarded as a pawnbroker.

(3) Ship brokers shall pay $50. Every per-
son whose business it is as a broker to
negotiate freights and other business for the
owners of vessels, or for the shippers or
consignors or consignees of freight carried by
vessels, shall be regarded as a ship broker.

(4) Custom house brokers shall pay $50.
Every person whose occupation it is. as the
ag-ent of others, to arrange entries and other
custom house papers, or transact business at
any port of entry relating 1 to the importation
or exportation of goods, wares, or mer-
chandise, shall be regarded as a custom house
broker.

(5) Proprietors of theaters, museums and
concert halls, where a charge for admission
is made, having- a seating- capacity of not more
than 250, shall pay $50: having 1 a seating
capacity of more than 250 and not exceeding 1
500. shall pay $100: having a seating- ca-
pacity exceeding- 500 and not exceeding; 800.
shall pay $150: having 1 a seating- capacity of
more than 800. shall pay $200. Every edifice
used for the purpose of dramatic or operatic
or other representations, plays, or perform-
ances, for admission to which entrance money
is received, not including- halls or armories
rented or used occasionally for concerts or
theatrical representations, and not including'
edifices owned by religious, educational or
charitable institutions, societies or organiza-
tions where all the proceeds from admissions
inure exclusively to the benefit of such
institutions, societies or organizations or ex-
clusively to the benefit of persons in
the military or naval forces of the United
States, shall be reg-arded as a theater:
Provided, that in cities, towns or villages of
6.000 inhabitants or less the amount of
such payment shall be one-half of that
above stated.

(6) The proprietor or proprietors of cir-
cuses shall pay $100. Every building-, space,
tent or area where feats of horsemanship or
acrobatic sports or theatrical performances
not otherwise provided for in this section are
exhibited shall be regarded as a circus.

(7) Prpprietors or agents of all other pub-
lic exhibitions or shows for money not enu-
merated in this section shall pay $15. Pro-
vided, That this paragraph shall not apply
to chautauquas. lecture lyceums. agricultural
or industrial fairs, or exhibitions held under
the auspices of religious or charitable asso-
ciations: Provided further, That an aggregation
of entertainments, known as a street fair,
shall not pay a larger tax than $100 in any
state, territory or in the District of Columbia.

(8) Proprietors of bowling alleys and bil-
liard rooms shall pay $10 for each alley or
table. Every building or place where bowls
are thrown or where games of billiards or
pool are played, except in private homes,
shall be regarded as a bowling alley or a
billiard room, respectively.

(9) Proprietors of shooting galleries shall
pay $20. Every building-, space, tpnt or area
where a charge is made for the discharge of
firearms at any form of target shall be re-
garded as a shooting gallery.

(10) Proprietors of riding academies shall
pay SI 00. Every building, space, tent or

area where a charg-e is made for instruction
in horsemanship or for facilities for the prac-
tice of horsemanship shall be regarded as a
riding academy.

(11) Persons carrying on the business of
operating or renting passenger automobiles
for hire shall pay $10 for each such auto-
mobile having a seating capacity of more
than two and not more than seven, and $20
for each such automobile having a seating
capacity of more than seven.

(12) Every person carrying on the business
of a brewer, distiller, wholesale liquor dealer,
retail liquor dealer, wholesale dealer in malt
liquor, retail dealer in malt liquor, or manu-
facturer of stills, as defined in section 3244
as amended and section 3247 of the revised
statutes, in any state, territory or district of
the United States contrary to the laws of
such state, territory or district, or in any
place therein in which carrying on such busi-
ness is prohibited by local or municipal law.
shall pay, in addition to all other taxes, spe-
cial or otherwise, imposed by existing law or
by this act. $1,000.

Sec. 1002. That on and after Jan. 1, 1910.
there shall be levied, collected and paid an-
nually, in lieu of the taxes imposed by sec-
tion 408 of the revenue act of 1916. the
following special taxes, the amount of such
taxes to be computed on the bas^s of the sales
for the preceding year ending June 30

Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
do not exceed 50.000 pounds shall each pay
$6:

Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
exceed 50,000 and do not exceed 100,000
pounds shaH each pay $12:

Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
exceed 100.000 and do not exceed 200.000
pounds shall each pay $24:

Manufacturers of tobacco whose annual sales
exceed 200,000 pounds shall each pay $24.
and at the rate of 16 cents per 1,000 pounds,
or fraction thereof, in respect to the excess
over 200.000 pounds;

Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
do not exceed 50,000 cigars shall each pay $4;

Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
exceed 50.000 and do not exceed 100,000
cigars shall each pay $6;

Manufacturers of cigars whose annual sales
exceed 100,000 and do not exceed 200,000
cigars shall each pay $12;

Manufacturprs of cigars whose annual sales
exceed 200,000 and do not exceed 400,000
cigars shall each pay $24:

Manufacturprs of cigars whose annual sales
exceed 400,000 cigars shall each pay $24,
and at the rate of 10 cents per 1,000 cigars,
or fraction thereof, in respect to the excess
over 400.000 cigars;

Manufacturers of cigarettes, including small
cigars, weighing not more than three pounds
per thousand shall each pay at the rate of
6 cents for every 10,000 cigarettes, or frac-
tion thereof.

Sec. 1003. That sixty days after the pass-
age of this act, and thereafter on July 1 in
each year, and also at the time of the orig-
inal purchase of a new boat by a user, if on
any other date than July 1. there shall be
Ipvied, assessed, collected and paid in lieu of
the tax imposed by section 603 of the revenue
act of 1917, upon the use of yachts, pleasure
boats, power boats and sailing boats of over
five net tons, and motor boats vrith fixed en-
gines not used exclusively for trade, fishing or
national defense, or not built according to
plans and specifications approved by the navy
department, a special excise tax to be based
on each yacht or boat, at rates as follows:
Yachts, pleasure boats, power boats, motor
boats with fixed engines, and sailing boats,
of over 5 net tons, length not over 50 feet.
$1 for each foot: length over 50 feet and not

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

over 100 feet. $2 lor each foot: length over
100 feet. $4 for each foot; motor boats of
not over five net tons with fixed engrines. $10.

STAMP TAXES.

1. Bonds of indebtedness: On all bonds,
debentures or certificates of indebtedness is-
sued by any person, and all instruments, how-
ever termed, issued by any corporation with
interest coupons or in registered form, known
generally as corporate securities, on each $100
of face value or fraction thereof, 5 cents:
Provided. That every renewal of the foregoing:
shall be taxed as a new issue: Provided fur-
ther, That when a bond conditioned for the
repayment or payment of money is given in a
penal sum greater than the debt secured, the
tax shall be based upon the amount secured.

2. Bonds, indemnity and surety: On all
bonds executed for indemnifying any person
who shall have become bound or engaged as
surety, and on all bonds executed for the due
execution or performance of any contract, ob-
ligation or reauirement, or the duties of any
office or position, and to account for money
received by virtue thereof, and on all policies
of guaranty and fidelity insurance, including
policies guaranteeing titles to real estate and
mortgage guaranty policies, and on all other
bonds of any description, made, issued or ex-
ecuted, not otherwise provided for in this
schedule, except such as may be required in
legal proceedings, 60 cents: Provided, That
where a premium is charged for the issuance,
execution, renewal or continuance of such
bond the tax shall be 1 cent on each dollar
or fractional part thereof of the premium
charged: Provided further. That policies of
reinsurance shall be exempt from the tax im-
posed by this subdivision.

3. Capital stock, issued: On each original
issue, whether on organization or reorganiza-
tion, of certificates of stock, or of profits, or
of interest in property or accumulations, by
any corporation, on each $100 of face value
or fraction thereof. 5 cents: Provided, That
where a certificate is issued without face
value, the tax shall be 5 cents per share, un-
less the actual value is in excess of $100 per
share, in which case the tax shall be 5 cents
on each $100 of actual value or fraction
thereof.

4. Capital stock, sales or transfers: On all
sales, or agreements to sell, or memoranda
of sales or deliveries of. or transfers of legal
title to shares or certificates of stock or of
profits or of interest in property or accumu-
lations in any corporation, or to rights to
subscribe for or to receive such shares or
certificates, whether made upon or shown by
the books of the corporation, or by any as-
signment in blank, or by any delivery, or by
any paper or agreement or memorandum or
other evidence of transfer or sale, whether
entitling the holder in any manner to the
benefit of such stock, interest, or rights, or
not, on each $100 of face value or fraction
thereof, 2 cents, and where such shares are
without par or face value, the tax shall be
2 cents on the transfer or sale or agreement
to sell on each share, unless the actual value
thereof is in excess of $100 per share, in
which case the tax shall be 2 cents on each
$100 of actual value or fraction thereof.

5. Produce, sales of, on exchange: Upon
each sale, agreement of sale, or agreement to
sell (not including so called transferred or
scratch sales), any products or merchandise
at. or under the rules or usage of, any ex-
change, or board of trade, or other similar
place, for future delivery, for each $JOO in
value of the merchandise covered by said sale
or agreement of sale or agreement to sell, 2
cents, and for each additional $100 or fiaction-
al part thereof in excess of $100. 2 cents.

6. Drafts or checks (payable otherwise than
at sight or on demand) upon their acceptance

or delivery within the United States whichever
is prior, promissory notes, except bank notes
issued for circulation, and for each renewal
of the same, for a sum not exceeding $100, 2
cents: and for each additional $100. or frac-
tional part thereof, 2 cents.

7. Conveyances: Deed, instrument, or writ-
ing, whereby any lands, tenements, or other
realty sold shall be granted, assigned, trans-
ferred, or otherwise conveyed to. or vested in.
the purchaser or purchasers, or any other per-
son or persons, by his, her, or their direction,
when the consideration or value of the interest
or property conveyed, exclusive of the value
of any lien or incumbrance remaining thereon
at the time of sale, exceeds $100 and does not
exceed $500, 50 cents; and for each additional
$500 or fractional part thereof, 60 cents.
This subdivision shall not apply to any instru-
ment or writing given to secure a debt.

8. Entry of any goods, wares, or merchandise
at any custom house, either for consumption
or warehousing, not exceeding $100 in value,
25 cents: exceeding $100 and not exceeding
$500 or fractional part thereof, 60 cents,
value, $1.

9. Entry for the withdrawal of any goods
or merchandise from customs bonded ware-
house. 50 cents.

10. Passage ticket, one way or round trip,
for each passenger, sold or issued in the
United States for passage by any vessel to a
port or place not in the United States, Canada
or Mexico, if costing not exceeding $30, $1:
costing more than $30 and not exceeding $60,
$3; costing more than $60. $5. This sub-
division shall not apply to passage tickets
costing $10 or less.

11. Proxy for voting at any electipn for
officers or meeting for the transaction of
business, of any corporation, except religious,
educational, charitable, fraternal, or literary
societies, or public cemeteries, 10 cents.

12. Power of attorney granting authority
to do or perform some act for or in behalf
of the grantor which authority is not other-
wise vested in the grantee, 25 cents. This
subdivision shall not apply to any papers
necessary to be used for the collection of
claims from the United States or from any
state for pensions, back pay. bounty, or for
property lost in the military or naval service.
or to powers of attorney required in bank-
ruptcy cases.

13. Playing cards: Upon every pack of play-
ing cards containing not more than fifty-four
cards, manufactured or imported, and sold,
or removed for consumption or sale, a tax of
8 cents per pack.

14. Parcel post packages: Upon every parcel
or package transported from one point in the
United States to another by parcel post on
which the postage amounts to 25 cents or
more, a tax of 1 cent for each 25 cents or
fractional part thereof charged for such trans-
portation, to be paid by the consignor.

No such parcel or package shall be trans-
ported until a stamp or stamps representing
the tax due shall have been affixed thereto.

15. On each policy of insurance, or certif-
icate, binder, covering note, memorandum,
cablegram, letter, or other instrument by what-
ever name called whereby insurance is made or
renewed upon property within the United States

(including rents and profits) against peril by
sea or on inland waters or in transit on land
(including transshipments and stprage at ter-
mini or way points) or by fire, lightning, tor-
nado, windstorm, bombardment, invasion, in-
surrection or riot, issued to or for or in the
name of a domestic corporation or partnership
or an individual resident of the United States
by any foreign corporation or partnership or
any individual not a resident of the United
States, when such policy or other instrument
is not signed or countersigned by an officer
or agent of the insurer in a state, territory.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

or district of the United States within which
such insurer is authorized to do business, a
tax of 3 cents on each dollar, or fractional
part thereof, of the premium, charged: Pro-
vided. That policies of reinsurance shall be ex-
empt from the tax imposed by this subdivision.

CHILD LABOR TAX.

Sec. 1200. That every person (other than
a bona fide boys' or girls' canning 1 club rec-
ognized by the agricultural department of a
state and of the United States) operating- (a)
any mine or quarry situated in the United
States in which children under the age of
sixteen years have been employed or permitted
to work during any portion of the taxable
year: or (b) any mill, cannery, workshop, fac-

NEWSPAFERS IN

[From Ayer's

State or Territory Daily.

Alabama 24

Alaska IX)

Arizona 20

Arkansas 32

California 161

Colorado 40

Connecticut 36

Delaware 3

District of Columbia.. 6

Florida 3

Georgia 31

Hawaii 10

Idaho 14

Illinois 157

Indiana 136

Iowa 51

Kansas 66

Kentucky 33

Louisiana 17

Maine 12

Maryland 17

Massachusetts 82

Michigan 66

Minnesota 45

Mississippi 16

Missouri 75

Montana 19

Nebraska 26

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey 39

New Mexico 6

New York 203

North Carolina 37

North Dakota -12

Ohio 160

Oklahoma 60

Oreg-on 32

Pennsylvania ,. 193

THE ASSOCIATED

President Frank B. Noyes. Washington. D. C.

First Vice-PresidentCalvin Cobb, Boise. Idaho.

Second Vice-President J. Lawrence Home, Jr.,
Rocky Mount, N. C.

Secretary and General Manager Melville E.
Stone. New York. N. Y.

Assistant General Manager Frederick Roy Mar-
tin. New York. N. Y.

Treasurer J. R. Youatt, New York, N. Y.

Directors R. M. Johnston. Houston Post;
Victor F. Lawson. The Chicago Daily News:
Charles A. Rook. Pittsburgh Dispatch; Clark
Ho well. Atlanta Constitution; Elbert H. Ba-
ker. Cleveland Plain Dealer; Frank B. Noyes,
Washing-ton Star; Adolph S. Ochs. New
York Times; .W. L. McLean, Philadelphia
Bulletin; V. S. McClatchy, Sacramento Bee;
A. C. Weiss, Duluth Herald; Charles Hop-
kins Clark. Hartford Courant; W. H. Cowlea,
Spokane Spokesman-Review; D. E. Town,
Louisville (Ky.) Herald: John R. Rathom,

tory. or manufacturing 1 establishment situated
in the United States in which children under
the age of fourteen years have been employed
or permitted to work, or children between the
ages of fourteen and sixteen have been em-
ployed or permitted to work more than eight
hours in any day or more than six days in
any week, or after the hour of seven o'clock
post meridian, or before the hour of six o'clock
ante meridian, during any portion of the tax-
able year, shall pay for each taxable year, in
addition to all other taxes imposed by law. an
excise tax equivalent to 10 per centum of the
entire net profits received or accrued for euch
year from the sale or disposition of the prod-
uct of such mine, quarry, mill, cannery, work-
shop, factory, or manufacturing establishment.

THE UNITED

American News
Weekly. "Total.
151 200
13 27
54 84
227 287
510 863
281 382
83 149
28 40
24 104
145 194
215 319
14 44
128 155
902 1.807
416 641
664 832
548 652
194 277
131 182
69 106
101 182
338 604
456 629
622 761
154 186
638 881
227 263
505 684

6 2 6 8 ' II
261 356
93 108
969 2,083
174 275
293 315
476 877
398 488
185 263
686 1.202

STATES AND CANADA (1920J.

paper Annual and Directory.]
State or Territory Daily. Weekly.
Philippines 17 5
Porto Rico 13 11

*Total.
44
27
52
152

!i!

904
109
91

226
349
185
593
92

Rhode Island 12 27
South Carolina 17 95

South Dakota 19 321

Tennessee . 18 189

Texas 110 679

Utah 8 75

Vermont 10 75

Virgin Islands .... 5 1

Virginia 33 144

Washington 38 249
West Virginia 31 141
Wisconsin 57 454

Wyoming 10 75

Total in 1920 2,528 14,959
Total in 1919 2,562 15.735

Decrease. 34 776

22.428
23.074

646
land.
119
96
115
46
71
596
11
160
175
3
24

Canadian Provinces and Newfound
Alberta . 6 101

British Columbia 14 54
Manitoba 7 82

New Brunswick 9 17
Nova Scotia 12 44
Ontario 48 375

Prince Edward Island. 3. 7
Quebec 18 98

Saskatchewan . 7 160

Yukon 1 2
Newfoundland 5

Total in 1920 130 951
Total in 1919 134 964

1.416
1.4,10

nd peri-

Decrease 4 13

"Includes all kinds of newspapers a
odicals. t Increase.

PRESS (1920-1921).

Providence (R. I.) Journal; F. P. MacLen-
nan, Topeka (Kas.) State Journal.

Executive Committee Frank B. Noyes. Wash-
ington: Victor F. Lawson, Chicago: Charles
A. Rook. Pittsburgh; Charles Hopkins Clark,
Hartford: Adolph S. Ochs. New York; W. L.
McLean, Philadelphia; John R. Rathom,
Providence.

AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS
ASSOCIATION.

President T. R. Williams. Pittsburgh Press.

Vice-PresidentPaul Patterson. Baltimore Sun.

Secretary John Stewart Bryan, Richmond
(Va.) News Leader.

Treasurer G. H. Larke, New York World.

Directors Hilton U. Brown. Indianapolis News;
Elbert H. Baker. Cleveland Plain Dealer;
Hopewell Rogers. The Chicago Daily News:
J. E. Atkinson, Toronto Star; C. H. Taylor,
Jr.. Boston Globe; Harry Chandler, Los An-
geles Times; F. G. Bell, Savannah News; B.
H. Butler, Buffalo News.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Section 1

t THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW.

Passed by the 61st congress and approved July 2. 1890.
Every contract, combination in States in the district in which the defendant

the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy
in restraint of trade or commerce among: the
several states or with foreign nations is hereby
declared to be illegral. Every person who shall
make any such contract or engage in any such
combination or conspiracy shall be deemed
gruilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding
55.000 or by imprisonment not exceeding: one
year, or by both said punishments, in the dis-
cretion of the court.

Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize
or attempt to monopolize or combine or con-
spire with any person or persons to monopo-
lize any part of the trade or commerce among:
the several states or with foreign nations shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on
conviction thereof shall be punished by fine
not exceeding- $5.000 or by imprisonment not
exceeding- one year, or by both said punish-
ments, in the discretion of the court.

Sec. 3. Every contract, combination in form
of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint
of trade or commerce in any territory of the
United States or of the District of Columbia,
or in restraint of trade or commerce between
any such territory and another, or between
any such territory or territories and any state
or states or the District of Columbia or with
foreign nations, or between the District of
Columbia and any state or states or foreign
nations, is hereby declared illegal. Every per-
son who shall make any such contract or en-
g-agre in any such combination or conspiracy
shall be deemed g-uilty of a misdemeanor, and
on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine
not exceeding- $5,000 or by imprisonment not
exceeding- one year, or by both said punish-
ments, in the discretion of the court.

Sec. 4. The several Circuit courts of the
United States are hereby invested with juris-
diction to prevent or restrain violations of this
act: and it shall be the duty of the several
district attorneys of the United States, in
their respective districts, under the direction
of the attorney-general, to institute proceedings
in equity to prevent and restrain such viola-
tions. Such proceedings may be by way of
petition setting forth the case and praying that
such violation shall be enjoined or otherwise
prohibited. When the parties complained of
shall have been duly notified of such petition
the court shall proceed as soon as may be to
the hearing and determination of the case;
and pending such petition and oefore final de-
cree the court may at any time make such
temporary restraining order or prohibition as
shall be deemed just in the premises.

Sec. 5. Whenever it siiall appear to the court
before which any proceeding under section 4
of this act may be pending that the ends of
justice require that other parties should be
brought before the court, the court may cause
them to be summoned, whether they reside in
the district in which the court is held or
not: and subprenas to that end may be served
in any district by the marshal thereof.

Sec. 6. Any property owned under any con-
tract or by any combination or pursuant to
any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof)
mentioned in section 1 of this act and being in
the course of transportation from one state to
another or to a foreign country shall be for-
feited to the United States and may be seized
and condemned by like proceedings as those
provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure and
condemnation of property imported into the
United States contrary to law.

Sec. 7. Any person who shall be injured in
his business or property by any other person
or corporation by reason of anything forbid-

resides or is found, without respect to the
amount in controversy, and shall recover three-
fold the damages by him sustained and the
cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney's
fee.

Sec. 8. That the word "person" or "per-
sons" wherever used in this act be deemed to
include corporations and associations existing
under or authorized by the laws of either the
United States, the laws of any of the terri-
tories, the laws of any state or the laws of
any foreign country.

THE MONROE AND DRAGO DOCTRINES.

The "Monroe doctrine" was enunciated by
President Monroe in his message to congress
Dec. 2. 1823. Referring to steps taken to ar-
range the respective rights of Russia. Great
Britain and the United States on the north-
west coast of this continent, the president went
on to say:

"In the discussions to which this interest has
given rise, and in the arrangements by which
they may terminate, the occasion has been
deemed proper for asserting, as a principle in
which the rights and interests of the United
States are involved, that the American conti-
nents, by the free and independent condition
which they have assumed and maintained, are
henceforth npt to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European power.
* * We owe it. therefore, to candor and
to the amicable relations existing- between the
United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part .
to extend their system to any portion of this
hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and
safety. With the existing colonies or depend-
encies of any European power we have not
interfered and shall not interfere. But with
the governments who have declared their in-
dependence and maintain it, and whose inde-
pendence we have, on great consideration and
on just principles, acknowledged, we could not
view any interposition for the purpose of op-
pressing them or controlling in any other man-
ner their destiny by any European power in
any other light than as the manifestation of
an unfriendly disposition toward the United
States."

DRAGO DOCTRINE.

When in the winter of 1902-03 Germany,
Britain and Italy blockaded the ports of Ven-
zuela in attempt to make the latter country
settle up its debts Dr. L. F. Drago, a noted
jurist of Argentina, maintained that force can-
not be used by one power to collect money
owing to its citizens by another power. Prom-
inence was given to the contention by the fact
that it was officially upheld by Argentina and
favored by other South American republics.
The principle embodied has become generally
known as the "Drago doctrine."

LODGE RESOLUTION.

In connection with the reported attempt of
Japan to obtain land for the establishment of
a naval base in Magdalena bay. on the west-
rn coast of Mexico, the senate of the United
States adopted the following resolution Aug.
2. 1912:

"Resolved. That when any harbor or other
place in the American continents is so situ-
ated that the occupation thereof for naval or
military purposes might threaten the com-
munications or the safety of the United States.
,he government of the United States could not
see without grave concern the possession ol
such harbor or other place by any corporation
_ association which has such relation to
another government, not American, as to give

den or declared unlawful by this act may sue [ that government practical power of control
therefor in any Circuit court of the United for national purposes."

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.

REQUIREMENTS

FOR VOTERS IN THK

VARIOUS STATES

AND IN ALASKA.

ALABAMji-Citizens of good char- 2y.
acterand understanding; aliens
who have declared intention;
must show poll-tax receipt.

ALASKA-Citizens of the United

ARIZONA Citizens of the United

States.
ARKANSAS Like Alabama, ex-

cept as to "good character."
CALlb'ORNlA-Citixens. natural-

ized for HO days, or treaty of

COLORADo'-Citizensof the U.S.;
aliens who declared intention 4
months before election.

CONNECTICUT - Citizens
can read English.

who

IELA WARE Citizens paying $1

registration tee.

FLO'iirA Citizens of the U. S.
GEORQiA Citizens who can read

ly.

" and' have paid" all taxes since 1877.
IDAHO Citizens of the United 6m

ILLINOIS Citizens of the United
States.

INDIANA Citizens; aliens who
have declared intention and re-
sided 1 year in United States.

IOWA Citizens of United States.

KANSAS Citizens; aliens who 6m
have declared intention.

KENTUCKY -Citizens of the U. S. .
LOU?V ANA Citizens who are2y.

able o read and write, who own

$300 . Tthof property or whose

father or grandfather was en-

titl3d to vote Jan. 1, 18<>7.

MAli'.E C'tlzens of the U. S. 3 m 3 m 3 m

MARYLAND Citizens of United ly. time mid.

Stater who can read
MASSACHUSETTS-Citizenswho ly.GmGm

can read and write English.
MICHIGAN -Citizens; aliens who 5m 20d20d20d

declared intention prior to May

8, 18l>2.
MINNESOTA Citizens of the (im 30 d JOd JOd

United States.
MISSISSIPPI -Citizens who can 2y 1.7. ly.

read or understand the constitu- /

tlon of the state.
MISSOURI -Citizens, aliens who ly. JOdGOdGOd

have declared intention not

less than 1 nor more than 5 years

before ordering to vote.
MONTANA Citizens of United

States
NEBRASKA-Citizens; aliensyho m 40 d lOd :0d

have declared intentio-i30days

before election.
NEVADA - Citizens of United GmJOd-JOdSOd

States.

NEW HAMPSHIRE-Citizens of GnittmGm

United States.
NEW JERSEY-Citizens of Unit- ly

ed States.

NEWMEXICO-Citizens of U. S

NEW YORK Citizens of United

States; 90 days.

NORTH CAROLINA Citizens of 2 y
United States who can read.

NORTH DAKOTA Citizens ofly.
the United States; civilized "
dians.

OHIO-Citizens of the U. S.

Residence re- 1
quired before
election day.

iOd
30d80d40d
6m30d30d

90 d

90d30dlOd

30 d

JmlOd

d Wd
SOd 50d30d

Od
JOdlOd

>m JOrKIOd

,K)d

1(30<

JOd

30 d

Yes.

Yes.
Yes.

Excluded from
voting.

If convicted of treason, embezzlement of public
funds, malfeasance in office or other peniten-
tiary offenses, idiots or insane.

Yes. Persons under giiardianship, non compos mentis-
insane or convicted of treason or felony.

No. Idiots, insane, convicts until pardoned, nonpay
ment of poll tax.

Yes. Chinese, insane, embezzlers of public moneys,
convicts.

Yes. Persons under guardianship, insane, idiots, pris-
oners convicted of bribery.

Convicted of felony or other infamous crii

unless pardoned.
No. Insane, idiots, felons, paupers.

Yes. Persons not registered, insane, convicts.

(a) Persons convicted of crimes punishable by" im-

prisonment, insane, delinquent taxpayers.
Yes. Chinese, Indians, insane, felons, polygamists.

bigamists, traitors, bribers.
Yes. Convicts of penitentiary until pardoned.

No. Convicts and persons disqualified by Judgment
of a court, United States soldiers, marines and
sailors.
(5) Idiots, insane, convicts.

(b) Insane, persons under guardianship, convicts,

bribers, defraudors of the government and per-
sons dishonora v vy discharged from service of
United States.

Yes. Idiots, insane, all crimes punishable by Impris-
onment, embezzling public funds unless par-
doned.

Paupers, persons under guardianship, Indians
Yes. not taxed.

Yes. Persons convicted of larceny or other infamous
crime, persons underguardianship, insane, idiots.
Paupers (except United States soldiers), persons

under guardianship.
Yes. Indians nolding tribal relations, duelists and
tteirabetters.

(d) '
Yes.

(e)

Yes.
(b)

Yes.

Treason, felony unless pardoned, insane.-Dpersons

under guardianship, uncivilised Indians.
Insane, idiots, felons, delinquent taxpayers.

Paupers, persons convicted of felony or other
infamous crime or misdemeanor or violating
right of suffrage, unless pardoned- second con-
viction disfranchises,
ndians. felons, idiots, insane.

Lunatics, persons convicted of treason or felony,

unless pardoned, United States soldiers and

sailors-
Insane, idiots, convicted of treason or felony, un-

amnestied confederates against the United

States, Indians and Chinese.

Paupers (except honorably discharged soldiers),
in

persons excused from paying taxes at own req uest
Paupers, insane, idiots and persons convicted of
crimes which exclude them from being witness-
es, unless pardoned.
Yes. Insane, idiots, convicts and Indians not taxed.
Yes. Convicted of bribery orany infamous crime, unless
pardonou, betters on result of election, bribers
f cr vote.' ai d the bribed.
Yas. Idicts, lunati s. convicted of felony or other infa-

mcus crimes, atheists.
(a) Felons, ; dictr, convicts, unless pardoned, United

States soir.isrs end sailors.

idiots, insane, U lited States soldiers and sailors,
(ft) felons, unless -estored to citizenship.

(a) Registration required in some counties, (b) In I class, (d) Requires <n cities of 1.200 inhabitants o
all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second and third I more, 'e) In cities cf 100,000 population or more.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

REQUIREMENTS

FOH VOTKKH IN THK

VARIOUS STATES.

State Co. Tn. Prct

OKLAHOMA Citizens of the
UuitedStatesandnativelndians

ORBOOM White citizens; aliens o *m
who have declared intention 1
year before election.

PENNSYLVANIA Citizens at

least 1 month, and if 22 years old

must have i-aid tax within 2 yrs.
B110DK ISLAND - Citizens Of

United States.
SOUTH CAROLINA Citizens Of

United States who can read.
SOUTH DAKOTA- Citizens; al- <5iul30d

lens who have declared intention
TENNESSEE-Citizens who have

paid poll tax preceding year.
TEXAS - Citizens; aliens who

have declared Intention 6 months

before election.
UTAll-Citlxeus of United States

Residence re-
quired before
election day.

6m Wd iOd

VERMONT -Citlxens of United

States.
VIRGlNIA-Cltlzens U.S. of jfod 2y

understanding who have paid

poll tax 3 yrs.and all ex-soldiers.
WASHlNGTON-Citizensof Unit- Iy

ed States.
WEST VIRGINIA - Citizens of

the state.
WISCONSIN CItizens;aliens who Iy

have declared intention.
W YOMI NG Citizens of theUnited

States.

4m
3m3

90d30d30d

COdlOd

111 d Khl lOd

No.

3 m Yes.
ly.SOdYes.

60 d 10 d 10 d Yes.

m Yes.

tiOd

Excluded from
voting.

Felons, paupers, idiots and lunatics.
Idiots, insane, convicted felons, Chinese, United
States soldiers and sailors.

Persons convicted of some offense forfeiting right
of suffrage, nontaxpayers.

Paupers, lunatics, idiots. convicted of bribery orin-
fumous crime until restored.

Paupers, insane, idiots, convicted of treason, duel-
ing or other infamous crime.

Persons under guardian, idiots, insane, convicted
of treason or felony, unless pardoned.

Convicted of bribery or other infamous crime, fail-
ure to pay poll tax.

Idiots, lunatics, paupers, convicts, United States
soldiers and sailors.

Idiots, Insane, convicted of treason or violation of

election laws.
Unpardoned convicts, deserters from United States

service during the war, ex-confederates.
Idiots, lunatics, convicts, unless pardoned by the

legislature.

Indians not taxed.

Paupers, idiots, lunatics, convicts, bribers. United

States soldiers and sailors.
Insane, under guardian, convicts, unless pardoned.

Idiots, insane, felons, unable to read the state con-
stitution.

(a) In cities of 3,000 population or over.
(b) In cities of not less than 9.000 inhabi-
tants, (c) Nontaxpayers must register yearly
before Dec. 31. (d) In towns having: 1,000
voters and counties where registration has
been adopted by popular vote, (e) All coun-
ties having: 50.000 inhabitants or over. (/)
In cities of 10.000 or over.

Notes The word "citizen" as used in above
table means citizen of the United States in
all cases.

The residence requirement is continuous resi-
dence immediately prior to election day.

CITIZENSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES.

All persons born or naturalized in the
United Slates and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof are citizens of the United States and
of the state wherein they reside. (Fourteenth
amendment to the constitution.)

All persons born in the United States and
not subject to any loreig-n power, excluding
Indians not taxed, are declared to be citi-
zens of the United States. (Sec. 1992, U. S.
Revised Statutes.)

All children heretofore born or hereafter born
out of the limits and jurisdiction of tho
United States, whose fathers were or may be
at the time of their birth citizens thereof, are
declared to be citizens of the United States-
but the rig-hts of citizenship shall not descend
to children whose fathers never resided in the
United States. (Sec. 1993, U. S. Revised
Statutes.)

Any woman who is now or may heron ft or
be married to a citizen of the United States
and who might herself be lawfully naturalized
shall be deemed a citizen. (Sec. 1995, U S
Revised Statutes.")

Children born in the United States of alien
parents are citizens of the United States

When any alien who has declared his inten-
tion to become a citizen of the United States
dies before he is actually naturalized the
widow and minor children of such alien mny.
by complying with the other provisions of this
act (June 29, 1906), be naturalized without

making any declaration of intention. If a
widow files an application for citizenship based
on her husband's declaration of intention, the
children whp are under the age of 21 at the
time she is naturalized will be citizens
through her naturalization, but if the chil-
dren are past the age of 21 and were born in
a foreign country, it will be necessary for
them to file petitions for naturalization in
their own right, using their deceased father's
declaration of intention, provided they were
under the age of 21 at the time of his death.

Children of Chinese parents who are them-
selves aliens and incapable of becoming-
naturalized are citizens of the United States.

Children born in the United States of per-
sons engaged in the diplomatic service of for-
eign governments are not citizens of the
United States.

Children born of alien parents on a vessel
of a foreign country while within the waters
of the United States are not citizens of the
United States, but of the country to which
the vessel belongs.

Children born of alien parents in the United
States have the right to make an election of
nationality when they reach their majority.

Minors and children are citizens within the
meaning of the term as used in the constitu-
tion.

Deserters from the military or naval service
of the United States are liable to loss of citi-
zenship.

Any alien being a free white person, an
alien of African nativity or of African descent
may become an American citizen by comply-
ing with the naturalization laws.

"Hereafter no state court or court of the
Tnited States shall admit Chinese to citizen-
ship; and all laws in conflict with this act
are, repealed." (Sec. 14. act of May 6. 1882.)

The courts have held that neither Chinese.
Japanese, Hawaiians, Burmese nor Indians can
be naturalized.

The naturalization laws apply to women as
well as men. An alien woman who marriel

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

a citizen, native or naturalized, becomes a
naturalized citizen ol the United States.

Aliens may become citizens of the United
States by treaties with foreign powers, by
conquest or by special acts of congress.

In an act approved March 2, iyu7, it is
provided that any American citizen shall have
expatriated himself when he has been natural-
ized in any foreign state in conformity with
its laws, or when he has taken an oath of
allegiance to any foreign state.

When any naturalized citizen shall have re-
sided for two years in the foreign state from
which he came, or five years in any other
foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has
ceased to be an American citizen, and the
place of his general abode shall be deemed his
place of residence during said years: Pro-
vided, however, that such presumption may be
overcome on the presentation of satisfactory
evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of
the United States, under such rules and reg-
ulations as the department of state may pre-
scribe: and provided, also, that no American
citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself
when this country is at war.

Any American woman who marries a for-
eigner shall take the nationality of her hus-
band. At the termination of the marital re-
lation she may resume her American citi-
zenship, if abroad, by registering as an Amer-
ican citizen within one year with a consul of
the United States, or by returning 1 to reside in
the United States, or. if residing in the
United States at the termination of the mari-
tal relation, by continuing to reside therein.

Any foreign woman who acquires Amer-
ican citizenship by marriage to an American
citizen shall be assumed to retain the same
after the termination of the marital relation
if she continue to reside in the United States,
unless she makes formal renunciation there-
of before a court having jurisdiction to nat-
uralize aliens, or, if she resides abroad, she
may -retain her citizenship by registering as
such before a United States consul within one
year after the termination of such marital re-
lation.

A child born without the United States of
alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the
United States by virtue of the naturalization
of or resumption of American citizenship of
the parent: Provided, that such naturaliza-
tion or resumption takes place during the
minority of such child: and provided, fur-
ther, that the citizenship of such minor

child shall begin at the time such minor child

begins

States.

begins to

egn
reside

permanently in the United

All children born outside the limits of the
United States, who are citizens thereof in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 1993
of the Revised Statutes of the United States
(see above), and who continue to reside out-
side of the United States, shall, in order to
receive the protection of the government, be
required, upon reaching- the age of 18 years,
to record at an American consulate their in-
tention to become residents and remain citi-
zens of the United States and shall further
be required to take the oath of allegiance to
the United States upon attaining their
majority.

NATURALIZATION LAWS.

Act of June 29, 1906, as amended March 4,
1909. June 25, 1910, March 4, 1913. and
May 9, 1918.

The act creating- the department of labor
provided for a -bureau of naturalization with
a commissioner of naturalization and deputy
commissioner. The commissioner or in his
absence the deputy commissioner is the ad-
ministrative officer in charge of the bureau
of naturalization.

The act of June 29, 1906, as subsequently
amended, provides that the bureau of natural-

ization, under the direction of the secretary
of labor, shall have charge of all matters con-
cerning the naturalization of aliens. It is the
duty of the bureau to provide, for use at the
various immigration stations throughout <.he
United States, books of record in which the
commissioners of immigration shall cause a
registry to be made in the case of each alien
arriving in the United States, the name, age,
occupation, personal description, place of birth,
last residence, intended place of residence in
the United States, the date of arrival of said
alien and, if entered through a port, the name
of the vessel on which he comes. Such alien
shall be granted a certificate of such registry.

Exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens is
conferred upon the United States District
courts and all courts of record having a seal,
a clerk and jurisdiction in actions at law or
equity in which the ampunt in controversy is
unlimited. The naturalization jurisdiction of
the courts shall extend only to aliens resident
within the respective judicial districts of such
courts.

An alien may be admitted to citizenship in
the foUowing manner and not otherwise:

1. He shall declare on oath before the clerk
of the proper court at least two years be-
fore his admission, and after he has reached
the age of 18 years, that it is bona fide.hif
intention to become a citizen of the United
States and to renounce allegiance to any for-
eign state or sovereignty. Such declaration
shall set forth the same facts as are registered
at the time of his arrival. No alien who, in
conformity with the law in force at the date of
his declaration, has declared his intention to
become a citizen of the United States shall
be required to renew such declaration.

2. Not less than two years nor more than
seven after he has made such declaration he
shall file a petition, signed by himself and
verified, in which he shall state his name,
place of residence, Occupation, date and place
of birth, place from which he emigrated, name
of the vessel on which he arrived, the time
when and the place and name of the court
where he declared his intention of becoming
a citizen; if he is married, he shall state
the name of his wife, the country of her
nativity and her place of residence at the
time the petition is filed, and if he has chil-
dren, the name, date and place of birth and
place of residence of each child living. The
petition shall also set forth that he is not
a disbeliever in or opposed to organized gov-
ernment or a member of any body of per-
sons opposed to organized government, and
that he is not a polygamist or a believer in
polygamy; that he intends to become a citi-
zen of and to live permanently in the United
States, and whether or not he has been denied
admission as a citizen of the United States,
and, if denied, the ground or grounds of such
denial, the court or courts in which such de-
cision was rendered and that the cause for
such denial has since been cured or removed,
and every fact material to his naturalization
and required to be proved upon the final hear-
ing of his application.

The petition shall also be verified by the
affidavits of at least two credible witnesses,
who are citizens of the United States, and who
shall state in their affidavits that they have
personally kown the applicant to be a resident
of the United States for a period of at least
five years continuously and of the state, terri-
tory 9r District of Columbia in which the ap-
plication is made for a period of at least one
year immediately preceding the date of the
filing- of his petition, and that they each have
personal knowledge that the petitioner is a
person of good moral character, in every way
qualified, in their opinion, to be admitted as
a citizen of the United States.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

At the time of the filing- of the petition,
there s>ia!l be filed with the clerk of the court
a certificate from the department of labor, if
the petitioner arrives in the United States after
the passage of this act. stating- the date, place
and manner of his arrival in the United States,
and the declaration of intention of such peti-
tioner, which certificate and declaration shall
be attached to and made a part of the petition.

3. He shall before he is admitted to citizen-
ship declare on oath in open court that he
will support the constitution of the United
States, that he absolutely and entirely re-
nounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity
to any foreign prince, potentate or sovereignty,
and particularly by name to the prince, poten-
tate, state or sovereignty of which he was
before a citizen or subject, 'and that he will
support and defend the constitution and laws
of the United States against all enemies, for-
eign and domestic, and bear true faith and
allegiance to the same.

4. It shall be made apparent to the satis-
faction of the court admitting- any alien to
citizenship that immediately preceding- the
date of his anphcation he has resided con-
tinuously within the United States five years
at least, and within the state or territory
where such court is at the time held one year
at least, and that during- that time he has
behaved as a man of good moral character,
attached to the principles of the constitution.
In addition to the oath of the applicant, the
testimony of at least two witnesses, citizens
of the United States, as to the facts of resi-
dence, moral character and attachment to the
principles of the constitution shall be required.

5. He must renounce any hereditary title or
order of nobility which he may possess. '

6. When any alien who has declared his in-
tention dies before he is actually naturalized
the widow and minor children may. by com-
plying- with the other provisions of the act,
be naturalized without making- any declara-
tion of intention.

7. Any native-born Filipino of the ag-e of 21
years and upwards who has declared his in-
tention to become a citizen ot the United
States, and who has served in- the United
States navy, marine corps or the naval aux-
iliary service not less than three years: or
any alien, or any Porto Rican not a citizen
of the United States, of the age of 21 or up-
wards, who has enlisted or may enlist here-
after in the armies of the United States, either
the regular forces, the volunteer forces, the
national army, the national guard or naval
militia of any state, or the United States navy
or marine corps, or coast guard, or who has
served for three years on any vessel of the
United States, merchant, naval or fishing, of
more Vham twenty tons burden, may on pres-
entation of the required declaration of inten-
tion petition for naturalization without proof
of the required five years' residence in the
United States if it is shown that such residence
o.'innot be established; any alien in the mili-
tary or naval service of the United States
Curing- the time this country is engaged in
the present (world) war may file his petition
for naturalization witlmut making the pre-
liminary declaration of intention and without
nroof of five years' residence within the
United States; any .alien declarant who has
*-Tved in the army or navy of the United
States or the Philippine constabulary, and
has been honorably discharged and has been
accepted for service in either the military or
'"aval service of the United States on condi-
tion that he become a citizon of the United
States, may file his petition for naturalization
nnon proof of continuous residence in the
United Sfates for the three years immediately
preceding- his petition, by two witnesses, citi-
zens of the United States, and in these cases

only (residence in the Philippine dslaoids and
the Panama Canal Zone by aliens may be
considered residence within the United States,
and the place of such military service shall be
construed as the place of residence and the
petition for naturalization may be filed in the
most convenient court without proof of resi-
dence within its jurisdiction. Any alien who
is in the military service at the time of the
passag-e of this act may file his petition with-,
out appearing in person in the office of the
clerk of court and without taking the oath
of allegiance in open court. Service by aliens
upon vessels not of American registry shall
not be considered as residence for naturali-
zation purposes.

8. Every seaman alien shall after his declara-
tion of intention to become a citizen of the
United States, and after he shall have served
three years upon such merchant or fishing
vessel of the United States, be deemed a citi-
zen for the purpose of serving- on board any
such vessel.

9. Provision is made for promoting the in-
struction and training- in citizenship responsi-
bilities of applicants for naturalization
through a odtizenehip (textbook and monthly
naturalization bulletin.

10. Any person not an alien enemy, who
resided uninterruptedly within the United
States for five years next preceding July 1.
1914 and was on that date otherwise quali-
fied to become a citizen except that he had
not made the declaration of intention required
by law and who had because of misinformation
regarding his citizenship status erroneously
exercised the rights and performed the duties
of a citizen of the United States in good
faith, may file the petition for naturalization
without making the preliminary declaration
required of other aliens and may be admitted
as a citizen of the United States upon com-
plying in all respects with the other require-
ments of the naturalization law.

11. No alien who is a citizen, subject or
denizen of any country with which the United
States is at war shall be admitted to become
a citizen of the United States unless he made
his declaration of intention not less than two
nor more than seven years prior to the exist-
ence of war, or was at that time entitled to
bectome a citizen without making a declara-
tion of intention, or unless his petition for
naturalization shall then be pending and is
otherwise entitled to admission.

12. Any person who. while a citizen of the
United States and duriner the existing war in
Europe, entered the military or naval service
of any country at war with a country with
which the United States is now at war, who
shall be deemed to have lost his citizenship
by reason of any oath or obligation taken by
him for the purpose of entering such service,
may resume his citizenship by taking the oath
of allegiance prescribed by the naturalization
law and regulations and such oath may be
taken before any court authorized to natural-
ize aliens or before any consul 'Of the United

13. Any person who is serving in the mill
tary or naval forces of the United States at
the termination of the existing war or who
may have been honorably discharged from
such service on account of disability incurred
in the line orf duty shall be relieved from the
necessity of proving that he resided continu-
ously in the United States the time required
by law of aliens, but his petition must be sup-
ported by two credible witnesses.

Immediately after the filing- of the petition
the clerk of the court shall give notice there-
of by posting in a public place the name.
nativity and residence of the alien, the date
and place of his arrival in the United States
and the date for the final hearing of his peti-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

tion and the names of the witnesses whom the
applicant expects to summon in his behalf.
Petitions for naturalization may be filed at
any time, but final action thereon shall be
had only on stated days and in no case until
at least ninety days have elapsed after the
filing' of the petition. No person shall be
naturalized within thirty days preceding- a
general election within the territorial juris-
diction of the court. It shall be lawful for
the court, upon the petition of an alien, to
chang-e his name.

No parson who disbelieves in or who is op-
posed to organized government, or who is a
member of or affiliated with any organization
entertaining 1 and teaching 1 such disbelief in or
opposition to organized government, or who
advocates or teaches the duty, necessity or
propriety of the unlawful assaulting- or kill-
ing- of any officer or officers of the govern-
ment of the United States, or of any other
organized government, because of his or their
official character, or who is a polygamist,
shall be naturalized.

No alien shall hereafter be naturalized or
admitted as a citizen of the United States
who cannot sneak the English language. TMs
requirement does not apnly to those physical^
unable to comply with it, or to those making
homestead entries upon the public lands of
thp United States.

The fees charged by clerks of court in natur-
alization cases are:

For receiving and filing a declaration of in-
tention and issuing a duplicate thereof. $1.

For making, filing and docketing the peti-
tion of an alien for admission as a citizen
of the United States and the final hearing
thereon, $2; and for enterinsr the final order
and the issuance of the certificate of citizen-
shin thereunder. $2.

The petitioner shall also deposit with the
clerk a sum of money sufficient to cover the
expenses of subpoenaing and paying the legal
fees of any witnesses for whom he may request
a subpoena.

The naturalization of deserters or persons
who go abroad to avoid draft is prohibited.

IMMIGRATION LAW.
Effective since May 1, 1917.

The word "alien" as used in the act includes
any person not a native born or naturalized
citizen of the United States, but it does not in-
clude Indians of the United States not taxed or
citizens of the islands under the iurisdiction of
the United States. The term "United States"
means the United States and anv waters, ter-
ritory or other place subject to the jurisdiction
thereof except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if
any alien shall leave the, Canal Zone or any
insular possession and attemnt to enter any
other place under the jurisdiction of the United
States he is not to be permitted to enter tinder
any other conditions than those applicable to
all aliens.

There shall be collected a tax of $8 for every
alien, including alien seamen regularly admit-
ted, entering the United States. Children under
16 accompanying father or mother are not sub-
ject to the tax. The tax shall not be levied
on aliens who enter after an uninterrupted res-
idence of at least one year preceding such en-
trance in Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba or Mex-
ico for a temporary stay, nor upon aliens in
transit, nor upon aliens who. having been law-
fully admitted, shall go from one part of the
United States to another, although through
contiguous foreign territory.

Excluded Aliens.

The following classes of aliens are excluded
from the United Stages: Idiots, imbeciles,
leeble minded, epileptics, insane persons: per-
sons who have had one or more attacks of in-

sanity previously; persons of constitutional
psychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic
alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; va-
grants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in
any form or with a loathsome or dangerous
contagious disease; persons not comprehended
within any of the foregoing excluded classes
who are found to be and are certified by the
examining surgeon as being- meintally or phys-
ically defective, such physical dtefect being
of a nature which may affect the ability of
such alien to earn a living; persons who have
been convicted of or admit having committed
a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involv-
ing moral turpitude; polygamists. or persons
who practice polygamy or believe in or advo-
cate the practice of polygamy; anarchists, or
p?rsons w*ho believe in or advocate 'the over-
throw bv forc a or violence of the government
of the United States or of all forms of law, or
who disbelieve in or are opposed to organized
government, or who advocate the assassination
of public officials, or who advocate or teach
unlawful destruction of property; persons who
are members of or affiliated with anv organ-
ization entertaining and teaching- disbelief in
or opposition to organized government, or who
advocate or teach the duty, necessity, or pro-
priety of the unlawful assaulting or killing
of any officer or officers, either of specific in-
dividuals or of officers, generally, of the firov-
ernment of the United States or of any other
organized government, because of his or their
official character, or who advocate or teach
the unlawful destruction of property; prosti-
tutes or persons coming into the United States
for the purpose of prostitution or any other
immoral purpose; persons who directly or in-
directly 'procure or attempt to procure or im-
port prostitutes or persons for the purpose of
prostitution or any other immoral purpose;
persons who are supported by or receive in
whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution;
contract laborers who have been induced or
assisted to migrate to this country by
offers or promises of employment, whether
such offers or promises are true or false, or
in consequence of agreements, oral, written
or printed, express or implied, to perform labor
in this country of any kind, skilled or un-
skilled; persons who have come in consequence
of advertisements for laborers printed, pub-
lished or distriburted in a foreign country; per-
sons likely to become a public charge; persons
who have been deported raider any of the pro-
visions of this act. >a.nd who may ag-ain seek
admission within one year from the date of such
deportation, urttess prior to their re-embarka-
tion at a foreign port or their attempt to be
admitted from foreign contiguous territory the
secretary of labor shall have consented to their
reapplying for admission; persons whose ticket
or passage is paid for with the money of an-
other, or who are assisted! by others to come.
unless it is satisfactorily shown that such per-
sons do not belong to one of the foregoing
excluded classes: persons whose ticket or pass-
age is paid for by any corporation, association,
society, municipality or foreign government
either directly or indirectly: stowaways, ex-
cept that any such stowaway, if otherwise
admissible, may be admitted at the discretion
of the secretary of labor; all children under
16 years of age unaccompanied by or not
coming to one or both of their parents, except
that any such children may, in the discretion
of the secretary of labor, be admitted if, in his
opinion, they are not likely to become a public
charge and are otherwise eligible: unless other
w'se provided for by existing treaties, persons
who are natives of islands not possessed by the
United States adjacent to the continent of Asia.
\ situate south of the 20th parallel latitude
north, west of the 160th meridian of loncH
tude east of Greenwich, and north of the 10th

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

parallel latitude south, or who are natives oi
any country, province, or dependency situate
on the continent of Asia west of the 110th
meridian of longitude east from Greenwich
and the 24th and 38th parallels of latitude
north, and no alien now in any way excluded
from, or prevented from entering:, the United
States shall be admitted to the United States.
The provision next foregoing-, however, shall
not apply to persons of the following status or
occupation: Government officers, ministers or
religioua teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physi-
cians, chemists, civil engineers, teachers, stu-
dents, authors, artists, merchants and travelers
for curiosity or pleasure, nor to their legal
wives or their children under 16 years of age
who shall accompany them or who may subse-
quently apply for admission to the United
States, but such persons or their legal wives or
foreign born children who fail to maintain in
the United States a status or occupation placing
them within the excepted classes shall be
deemed to be in the United States contrary to
law and shall be subject to deportation.

Literacy Test.

After three months from the passage of this
act, in addition to the aliens who are by law
now excluded from admission into the United
States, the following persons shall also be ex-
cluded from admission thereto, to wit:

All aliens over 16 years of age, physically
capable of reading, who cannot read the Eng-
lish language, or some other language or dia-
lect, including Hebrew or Yiddish: Provided,
that any admissible alien, or any alien here-
tofore or hereafter legally admitted, or any citi-
zen of the United States, may bring in or send
for his father or grandfather over 55 years of
age, his wife, his mother, his grandmother or
his unmarried or widowed daughter, if otherwise
admissible, whether such relative can read or
not; and such relative shall be permitted to
enter. That, for the "purpose of ascertaining
whether aliens can read, the immigrant inspect-
ors shall be furnished with slips of uniform
size, prepared under the direction of the secre-
tary of labor, each containing not less than
thirty nor more than forty words in ordinary
use, printed in plainly legible type in some one
of the various languages or dialects of immi-
grants. Each alien may designate the particu-
lar language or dialect ira which he desires the
examination to be made, and shall be required
to read the words printed on the slip in such
language or dialect. That the following classes
of persons shall be exempt from the operation
of the literacy test, to wit: All aliens who
shall prove to the satisfaction of the proper
immigration officer or to the secretary of labor
that they are seeking admission to the United
States to avoid religious persecution in the
country of their last permanent residence,
whether such persecution be evidenced by overt
acts or by laws or governmental regulations
that discriminate against the alien or the race
to which he belongs because of his religious
faith; all aliens who have been lawfully ad-
mitted to the United States and who have re-
sided therein continuously for five years and
who return to the United States within six
months from the date of their departure there-
from; all aliens in transit through the United
States; all aliens who have been lawfully admit-
ted to the United States and who later shall
go in transit from one part of the United States
to another through foreign contiguous territory;
Provided, that nothing in this act shall exclude,
if otherwise admissible, persons convicted, or
who admit the commission, or who teach or
advocate the commission, of an offense purely
political: Provided further, that the provisions
of this act relating to the payments for tickets
or passage by any corporation, association, soci-
ety, municipality or foregn government shall

not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in
immediate and continuous transit tlhrough the
United States to foreign contiguous territory;
Provided further, that skilled labor, if otherwise
admissible, may be imported if labor of like
kind unemployed cannot be found in this coun-
try, and the question of the necessity of im-
porting such skilled labor in any particular in-
tance may be determined by the secretary of
labor upon the application of any person inter-
ested, such application to be made before such
importation, and such determination by the sec-
retary of labor to be reached after a full hear-
ing and an investigation into the facts of the
case: Provided further, that the provisions of
this law applicable to contract labor shall not
be held to exclude professipnal actors, artists,
lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers of any reli-
gious denomination, professors for colleges or
seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized
learned profession, or persons employed as do-
mestic servants: Provided further, that when-
ever the president shall be satisfied that pass-
ports issued by any foreign government to its
citizens or subjects to go to any country other
than the United States, or to any of its insular
possessions or the Canal Zone, are being used
for the purpose of enabling the holder to come
to the continental territory of the United States
to the detriment of labor conditions therein,
the president shall refuse to permit such persona
to enter the United States or its possessions:
Provided further, that aliens returning after a
temporary absence to an unrelinquished United
States domicile of seven consecutive years may
be admitted at the discretion of the secretary
of labor and under such conditions as he may
prescribe: Provided further, that nothing- in th
contract-labor or reading-test provisions of this
act shall be construed to prevent any alien ex-
hibitor or holder of any concession for any fair
or exposition authorized by congress from bring-
ing into the United States, under contract, such
otherwise inadmissible alien mechanics, artisins.
agents or other employes, natives of his coun-
try, as may be necessary for installing or con-
ducting his exhibit or business, under such rules
as the commissioner-general of immigration with
the approval of the secretary of labor may pre-
scribe, both as to the admission and return of
such persons: Provided further, that the com-
missioner-general of immigration with the ap-
proval of the secretary of labor shall issue rules
and prescribe conditions, including exaction of
such bonds as v may be necessary, to control and
regulate the admission and return of otherwise
inadmissible aliens applying for temporary ad-
mission: Provided further, that nothing in this
act shall be construed to apply to accredited
officials of foreign governments, nor to their
suites, families or guests.

The importation of any alien into the United
States for any immoral purpose is punishable
by imprisonment for not more than ten years
and by a fine of not more than $5,000. Viola-
tions of the contract-labor section of the act
are punishable by fines of $1,000 or by impris-
onment for not less than six months nor more
than two years. The act provides for the fin-
ing or imprisonment of persons engaged in the
transportation of aliens into the United States
who encourage or help persons excluded under
the provisions of the law to enter the country.

PETROLEUM PRODUCTION IN MEXICO.

The Mexican oil wells under exploitation in
1920 were capable of producing approximately
1.000,000 barrels of crude petroleum a day.
In 1919 there were exported some 75,700,000
barrels of oil from the ports of Tampico. Tux-
pam, Puerto Lobos and Puerto Mexico. The
value was about $93.250,000. The riches*
oil fields are in the vicinity of Tampico.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

EARTHQUAKES AND ERUPTIONS IN RECENT TIMES.

ST. PIERRE, MARTINIQUE.

(.Eruption of Mont Pelee.)
Date May 8. 190'^.
Lives lost 30,000.
Property destroyed Not estimated.
MOUNT VESUVIUS.

(Eruption.)

Date April 8-11. 1900.
Lives lost About 200.

Towns suffering- damage Torre del Greco. Torre
Anuunziata. Uoscotrecase, Ottajano, fcian Giu-
seppe, Portici. Caserta. Nola and San Giorgio.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
(Earthquake and fire.)
Date April 18. 190b.
Lives lost 452.
Persons injured 1,500.
Persons made homeless 265.000.
Property loss $350. 000. 000 (estimated).
Buildings destroyed 6.000.
Blocks burned 453.

Area of burned district 3.96 square miles.
Relief by congress IiW.500.000.
Relief subscription $11,000.000.

VALPARAISO. CHILE.

(Earthquake.)
Date Aug. 16. 1900.
Lives lost 1.500.
Property loss $100. 000.000.

KINGSTON. JAMAICA.
(Earthquake and fire.)
Date Jan. 14. 1907.
Lives lost 1.0.00.
Persons injured 2.000.
Property loss $25.000.000.
Buildings destroyed 0.000.
Area of ruined district 50 acres.
Area affected 3OO acres.
Duration of first shock 38 seconds.
Duration of fire hours.

SICILY AND CALABRIA.

(Earthquake.)
Date Dec. 28. 1908.
Day of week Monday.
Hour 5:23 a. m.
Duration 35 seconds.
Lives lost 76,483.
Persons injured 95.470.
Persons homeless 1.100.000.
Property destroyed Not estimated.
Region affected Northeastern Sicily and south-
western Calabria.

Chief cities and towns destroyed or damaged
In Sicily : Messina, Faro, Santa Teresa. Scal-
leta. In Calabria: Reggio, Gallico. San Gio-
vanni, San Eufemia. Pellaro. Palmi. Canni-
tello.

CARTAGO. COSTA RICA.

(Earthquake.)
Date May 5. 1910.
Hour 7 p. m.
Lives lost 1.600.

TURKEY.
(Earthquake.)
Date Aug. 9. 1912.
Lives lost 3,000.
Persons injured 6,000.
Persons homeless 40.000.

SAKURA, JAPAN.
(Eruption and earthquakes.)
Date Jan. 12. 1914.
Lives lost 43.
Houses destroyed 855.
Persons made destitute 20,000.
Property loss Not estimated.

SICILY.
(Earthquake.)
Date May 8-9, 1914.
.Laves lost-7-200.
Persons injured 1.000.

CENTRAL ITALY.

(Earthquake.)
Date Jan. 13. 1915.
Hour 7:65 a. m.
Duration 30 seconds.
Lives lost 29.978.

Provinces affected Aquila. Caserta and Rome,
Communes damaged 372.
Largest city destroyed Avezzano.

GUATEMALA CITY.

(Earthquake.)
Date Dec. 24-31. 1917.
Began 11 p. m., Dec. 24.
Duration One week.
Lives lost 2,500.
Property loss Not estimated.

JAVA.

(Eruption volcano Kalut.)
Date May 20. 1919.
j^iace lirengat and Blitar districts.
Villages destroyed 31.
Lives lost 5,100.

MUGELLO VALLEY. ITALY.

(Earthquake.)
Date- June 29. 1919.
Lives lost 100.

Towns damaged Vicchio. Dorgo San Lorenzo.
Tirli. Firenzaloa, Rapezzo. Casaauora, Ri-
fredo. Moscheta. Marradi. San Piero, Sieve.
Vaglia, Mcntorsoli. Dioomano. Covelia and
Lubiana.

PORTO RICO.
(Earthquake.)
Date Oct. 11, 1919.
Lives lost 116.
Persons injured 241.
Property loss $3.472,159.

Places damaged May aguez, AgruadiMa. Anaseo
and Aguada

MEXICO.
(Earthquake.)
Date Jan. 3, 1920.
Place Orizaba (volcano) district.
Lives lost 3,000.
Property loss Not estimated.
Towns affected Coutzlan, Teocelo. San Juau.
Coscomatepec, Orizaba, Barranca Grande,
Calcahualco, Jalapa, La Fragua and Chil-
chotla.

EX-PREMIER JOSEPH CAILLAUX CONVICTED.

Joseph Caillaux, premier of France in 1911
and twice minister of finance, was convicted
April 22, 1920, of being "guilty of commerce
and correspondence with the enemy" and on
the following- day was sentenced to three yearV
imprisonment and banishment for ten years.
As he was arrested Jan 14, 1918, the time he
had been under detention was deducted, leav-
ing' him but one month to serve to complete
his prison sentence. The, trial began, Feb. 17,
1920, before the French senate acting- as a
high court. The charge originally was high

treason. M. Caillaux being- accused of being
in communication with German agents and the
source of German propaganda in France, but
the senate by a vote of 213 to 28 held that
the testimony was 119! sufficient to warrant
conviction on this point and the charge was
eliminated. In addition to the prison sentence
the court decided that the ex-premier must
pay the costs of the trial. The penalty im-
posed carried with it the loss of civil rights
for ten years.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

DISTANCES BETWEEN AMERICAN CITIES.

By the shortest usually traveled railroad routes. [Compiled from the war department*

table of distances.]

FROM VST

08
il

|
ft

o
c
i
"3

d
1

*1?

SJ.-5

.t?.o

Sa
o

~.u
~

^
z

o
S

To
Albany

Mis.
145

Mis.

832

Mis.
236

Mis.
1,028

Mis.
202

Mis.
333

Mis.

480

Mis.
297

Mis.
3.106

Mis.
567

Mis.
724

Mis.
917

Mis.
1 517

Mis.
1 142

Mis
1 '25'

876

733

785

611

1 106

688

736

919

2 805

805

492

818

446

648

188

802

934

418

474

398

3,076

334

593

1 184

217

1,034

321

1 230

418

682

499

8.308

674

926

1 11''

1 602

458

Buffalo

442

525

416

731

499

398

183

2.799

270

427

610

1 25H

438

*94

Chicago.

912

821

284

1,034

802

357

525

2.274

468

298

912

790

Cincinnati

757

298

341

593

244

427

2.572

313

383

829

553

584

357

493

548

682

474

183

2631

135

244

1 073

437

Columbus, O

637
1 ( 3i

314
1 022

546

1.843

428
916

820
2 056

511

1 850

138
1 379

321
1 537

2.58H
1 371

193

1 490

116

1 257

399

936
J 347

471
1 810

88,

Detroit . . ..

693

272

669

488

649

173

251

2 546

321

'263

*357

1 04 9

656

Duluth

1.391

479

1,300

728

1 513

1.281

701

1,004

2238

947

777

422

1 447

1 269

K\ Paso

2 310

1.465

2.219

1245

2 414

2.17!

1.703

1,915

1.287

1 866

1,586

1 650

1 145

2 139

Galveston

1.792

1.144

1.691

sco

2 012

1,594

1,408

1,591

2.157

1 481

1.157

1 224

410

1 554

1 34

Grand Rapids.Mich
Helena

821

2 452

178
1 540

815
2 361

462
1 549

878
2 571

791
2 342

332
1 897

379
2065

2.452
1 250

462
2008

308

1838

263
1 455

1.090
2 15''

764
2 320

'&<*
1 11

825

183

734

240

965

'704

'283

466

2 457

'381

'ill

268

'888

'664

(10

Jacksonville, Fla...
Kansas City..

983

i,<m

1.097

458

892
1.251

975
277

1,213
1 46*'

795
1211

1,085
755

1,193
967

3.098
1981

1,057
898

841
618

1,182

543

616
880

755
1 171

Los Angeles

3,i4y

2 265

3058

2084

3 273

301H

2 f>62

2 774

'475

2705

2425

2 350

2007

2978

2 30

Louisville

871

304

780

274

1 040

358

541

2,468

427

114

389

'778

663

Memphis

1,157

527

1.06h

311

l'3S7

969

738

921

2.439

494

612

896

929

Milwaukee

997

HlH

364

1 119

887

442

610

2 359

ceo

383

997

875

Minneapolis
Mobile

1,332
1 231

420
929

1.241
1 140

586
647

1.454
1 461

1,222
1 043

777
1 024

945
1 212

2.096
2 623

1 098

718

785

335
1 014

1,285
141

1,210
1 003

"i*23,

380

841

477

1 051

330

674

434

3 115

'704

826

926

1 655

614

1 12

Newark N J

903

1 056

226

179

675

405

3 177

435

748

988

1*363

219

1 32

New Haven

980

167

1 141

110

264

628

445

3254

520

833

1 065

1 448

304

1 40

New Orleans
New York.....

1,372

912
912

1,281
91

699
1,065

1,602
217

1,184

188

1.073

584

1,256
442

2,482
3186

1,142
444

829
757

997
997

1 372

1,144
228

1,33

24%

1 444

2 315

1 414

2 528

22%

1 851

2019

780

1 %2

1792

1 574

1 891

2284

1 31

Omaha. . . ,

1,405

493

1,314

413

1,527

1,295

1,750

1,018

1,781

961

'791

*678

1 080

1 ,283

'88

Philadelphia
Pittsburgh.....
Portland Me

91
444

332

821

4(18
1.149

'"3\53
436

974
621
1 345

321
674
115

97
334
533

493
135
797

416
270
614

3,095
2,,42
8 423

353

'789

666
313
1 041

906
553
1 234

1.281
1.142
1 717

137
302

573

1,24
88
156 1

Portland Ore ...

3,204

2.292

3,113

2 212

3 826

3094

2649

2817

772

2760

2 540

2 746

3082

2 04

Providence

190

1.034

281

1 230

378

682

499

3 308

634

926

1 119

1 562

418

1 45

Quebec

Richmond, Va

530
343

1,013

879

621
252

1,343
918

402
573

718
155

795
553

612
653

3.287
3,153

876
417

1,039
581

1,098
964

1.827
1 046

786
115

1,43!
1 29 1

Hoc ester, N. Y
St Jo seph Mo

373
1 392

603
470

361
1 301

799
327

430
1 474

354
1 261

251

875

68
1058

2.877
1 867

338

948

495

668

688
655

1.324
941

894
1 221

1,02*

48.

St Louis

1 065

284

974

1 230

934

648

731

2 194

621

341

364

699

844

681

St Paul

1.322

410

iJg]

576

1 444

1,212

767

935

2 086

878

708

325

1 275

1 200

San Antonio

1.943

ijw

1,852

920

2 150

1 755

1,468

1 651

1 911

1 541

1 217

1 284

571

1 715

1 321

San Francisco
Seattle

3,18f
3.151

2.274

2.239

3,095
3.06(

2,194
2,332

3.308
3273

3.07f
2.941

2.631

2596

2,799
2764

957

2.742
2 707

2.572
2537

2,359
2 154

2.482
2931

8.064
3029

2,0
1,81

Spokane
Springfield. Mass...
Tampa. Fla

2,812
139
1.195
705

1.900
935
1.309
244

2.721
230
1,104
615

J.932
1.131
1,187
437

2 *

1,425
795

2,702
327
1.007
595

2,257
583
1,297
113

2,425
400
1,405

296

1,205

3.209
3.310

2 518

2,368
583
1.269
261

2,198
827
1,053
203

1.815
1,020
1,394
329

2.535
1,511
828
1 032

2,600

367
967
595

47
1.85
1.72
1 6ft

WRHhinRton

2281

137

894

458

437

438

3.064

302

553

875

1.144

1.21

DISTANCES BETWEEN

To Principal European Ports.

Distances in nautical miles traversed by full
powered steamships in traveling- from Boston.
New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore to Lon-
don. Liverpool. Glasgow. Antwerp, Hamburg: and
Havro by northern and southern routes. [Com-
puted by United States hydrographic omce.]

F:'om North- South-

Boston (Boston lightship) to ern. ern.

London ......................... 3.139 3.258

Liverpool

2.896 3.033

Glasgow ...................... 2.815 2.987

Antwerp ....................... 3.184 3,303

Hambunr ...................... 3.446 3.565

Havre ........................ 2,990 3,109

New York (the Battery) to London.3.313 3.423

Liverpool ....................... 3.070 3.198

Glasgow ........................ 2 .989 3.152

AntweiJ ....... ................ 3.358 3.468

Hamburg ...................... 3620 3.730

Havre ------ . .................. 3,164 3,274

Philadelphia (Markei otreet wharf) to

London .......................... 3.456 3,566

Liverpool ....... ,..., ...... ....3,213 3.341

GREAT SEAPORTS.

North- !

Philadelphia (Market street wharf) to

Glasgow 3.132

.Antwerp 3.501

Hamburg 3.763

Havre 3.307

Baltimore (the basin) to

London 3.606

Liverpool 3.363

Glasgow " 3,282

Antwerp 3.651

Hamburg 3.913

Havre 3.457

From Other European Ports.

Glasgow (Greenoc-k) to-
Montreal by south of Cape Race.2.864

St. John. New Brunswick 2.673

Boston (navy yard) 2.776

New York (the Battery) 2.951

Philadelphia 3.104

Baltimore 3.258

Newport News 3.135

Now Oceans 4.486

Galveston 4.662

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

9.3

From
Southampton to
Montreal

North- South-
ern, ern.
...3,059 3,059
...2,817 2,923
2 920 3 027

all-water routes. [From "Transportation Routes
and Systems of the World." by O. P. Austin of
the bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C.]
New New San Pt.Town-
Port. York. Orleans. Francisco, send.
Aden 6,532 7,870' 11,500 11,300
Antwerp 3,358 4,853 13,671 14,446
Batavia 10,182 11,598 7,800 7.600
Bombay 8,120 9,536 9,780 9,580
Brest 2,954 4,458 13,209 13,984
Buenos Aires.. 5,868 6,318 7,511 8.286
Calcutta 9,830 11.2G9 8,990 8,896
Callao 9 603 10 ~L<*-2 4 01 Q 4 769

St. John, New Brunswick

New York (the Battery)

...3095 3,192

3 248 3 345

...3,402 3,499

Newport News
New Orleans . . .

...3,279 3,376
...4,620 4,625

4 796 4 801

Bremen to Montreal
St. John, New Brunswick....

...3,534 3,534
...3,292 3,398

Boston (navy yard)

..3,395 3.502

Cape Town.... 6,815 7,374 10,'454 11,229
Colombo 8 610 10 146 8 900 8 700

New York (the Battery)

...3,570 3,667

Philadelphia >...

...3,723 3,820

Colon 1 981 1 380 *3 3^4 *4 090

Baltimore ...

..3,877 3851

Newport News

...3,754 3,851

Hamburg 3,620 5,243 13,998 14,773

New Orleans

..5,095 5,100

5 271 5 276

Havre 3,164 4,760 13.307 14,082
Hong-kong- ....11,610 12,892 6,086 5,886
Honolulu 13.269 13,719 2,097 2,370
Liverpool .... 3,070 4,553 13,503 14,278
Manila 11,556 12,946 6.289 5,993

3 293 3 293

St John New Brunswick

3 051 3 157

Boston (navy yard)

...3,154 3,261

New York (the Battery)
Philadelphia

...3,329 3,426
3 48 9 3 579

Baltimore . .

..3 636 3,733

Melbourne ...12,670 12,933 7,040 7,311
Naples 4 17 5 561 13 699 14 474

Newport News

..3,513 3,610

New Orleans

...4,854 4,859

New Orleans... 1,741 13,539 14,298
New York 1 741 13 089 13 848

Galveston

..5.030 5,035
3l) to
3 834 3 834

Copenhagen (via English channi

Nome 15,840 16,249 2,705 2,350

St. John, New Brunswick
Boston ( navy yard)
New York (the Battery)
Philadelphia

...3,592 3,698
..3,695 3,802
..3.870 3.967
4 023 4 120

Pernambuco .. 3,696 3,969 9,439 10,214
Petrograd 4,632 6.223 1 14, 960 fl5,730
Port Said 5.122 6,509 12,810 12,610

Baltimore
Newport News

..4,177 4,274
4 054 4 151

Punta Arenas. 6890 7,340 6,199 6.958
Panama *2.0,8 *1.427 3,277 4,052
Rio de Janeiro. 4.778 5.218 8,339 9,114

New Orleans

. .5,395 5,400

Galveston

..5571 5576

Marseilles to Montreal

..3,873 3,873
3 605 3 620

San Juan, P. R. 1,428 1.539 12.199 12,974
Singapore 10,170 11,560 7.502 7,206
Sitka 14 391 14 84-1 1 30^ 732

Boston (navy yard)

..3.708 3,724

New York (the Battery)

..3883 3889

Shanghai ..,..12.360 13.750 5,550 5,290
Tehuantepec .$2,036 J8J2 12,189 1J2.964
Valparaiso ... 8,460 8.733 5,140 5.902
Vladivostok ..17,036 17.445 4,706 4,357
Wellington ...11.500 11,773 5,909 6,415
Yokohama . . .13,040 14,471 4,536 4.240

*Via Panama canal, t Approximately. $ East-
ern end railroad. ^Western end.

Philadelohia

..4,036 4,042

Genoa to Montreal
St. John. New Brunswick
Boston (navy vard)

..4,040 4.040
..3,772 3.787
..3.875 3,891
..4,050 4,056

, New Orleans,
nd by shortest

New York (the Battery)
General Table.
Nautical miles from New York
San Francisco and Port Townse

THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION IN AMERICA.

Incorporated Nov. 8, 1917.

Chancellor Alton B. Parker, New York.
Vice-ChancellorTheodore E. Burton, New York.
Treasurer Joseph G. Butler, Jr., Ohio.
Secretary A. B. Humphrey, New York.
Offices 3903 Woolworth building", 233 Broad-
way, New York.

The Sulgrave" Institution takes its name from
Sulgrave manor, the home of George Wash-
ington's ancestors in Northamptonshire, Eng-
land. This property, including- house, out-
buildings and about ten acres of land, was
purchased in 1913 by a public spirited body
of English men and women, who to show their
good-will for their kindred in America turned
the estate over to a board of trustees to be
maintained as a place of pilgrimage for all

who venerate the name of George Washing--
ton. A resolution authorizing the creation
of "The Sulgrave Institution," a society to
center in Sulgrave manor, was approved at a
meeting of the trustees of the manor held at
the American embassy in London, in March,
1914. On Nov. 8, 1917, the Sulgrave Insti-
tution of America was incorporated under the
i laws of Illinois. The chief purposes as set
forth in the certificate of incorporation are to
foster friendship and to prevent misunder-
standing among English speaking peoples; to
i promote the basic sentiments of democracy
' and to aid in upholding and maintaining the
I fundamental institutions of the English epeak-
! ing world and in fostering the ideals which in-
spired their creation.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IX THE UNITED STATES.

Capital punishment prevails in all of the
states of the union except Arizona, Kansas,
Maine, Minnesota. North Dakota, Oregon,
Rhode Island and Wisconsin. In Michigan the
only crime punishable by death is treason. The
death penalty was abolished in the state of
Washing-ton in 1913 and restored in 11919. It
was abolished in Iowa in 1872 and restored in

1878. It was also abolished in Colorado in
1897, but was restored in 1901. Hanging is
the ordinary mode of execution, but in Arkan-
sas, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York. Ne-
braska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia
and Oklahoma electrocution is the legal
method. In Nevada hanging or shooting 13
optional with the condemned.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

SHIPPING
One register ton=100 c
One United States shipi
or 32.14 United State
perial bushels.
One British shipping
32.72 imperial bushels
bushels.
MARINER'S
?feet 1 fathom.
20 fathoms=l cable 1
5,280 feet=l statute 01
6,080 feet=l knot or i
3 knots=l league.
CIRCULAR
60 seconds=l minute.
60 minutes=l degree.
90 degrees=l quadrant
4 quadrants or 360 degi
SHIPPING
16 ounces=l pound.
112 pounds = One hund
20 hundredweight or 2
WEIGHTS OF MATERJ
CUBIC
Material. Weight.
Metals-
Wrought iron.. 480
Cast iron 451

SHIPPIN

[Compiled by Chj
MEASURE,
ubic feet,
ling ton =40 cubic feet
s bushels or 31.16 im-

;on=42 cubic feet or
5 or 33.75 United States

MEASURE.

ength.
land mile,
lautical mile.

MEASURE.

ees=l circumference.
WEIGHT.

red weight.
,240 pounds=l ton.
ALS IN POUNDS PER
FOOT.
Material. Weight.
Juniper 35

G DATA.

irles H. Hughes.]
STORAGE SPACE REQUIRED FOR DIFFER-
ENT MATERIALS.
Example A steamer has a capacity of 180.-
000 cubic feet for carrying coal. How many
tons will she carry?
From the table, average American coal stows
43 cubic feet per ton of 2,240 pounds, so
i8ooo ==4i ] 86 tons the number she would
carry.
Note The following table is based on a ton
of 2,240 pounds. If the cubic feet per ton of
2,000 pounds is required, multiply the figures
given by .892 :
Cub. ft. *Cub. ft.
Material. per ton. Material. per ton.
Apples in boxes. . . 90 Maize in bags 50
Asphalt 17 Bulk 4.Q

Ballast sand 19

Marble 14

Barley in bulk 47
Bags 59

Meat Beef, packed
and frozen 93
Hung in quarters.125
Mutton 110
Millet in bags 50
Molasses in bulk. . 25
Oats in bags 78
Bulk 60

Beans in bags 68
Beer in hogsheads. 54
Bottles and cases 80
Bran in bags 110
Compressed, bales 80
Brandy in casks. . . 80
Bottled in cases. . 55
Buckwheat in bags 65
Butter in cases or
kegs 70

Oatmeal in sacks. 65
Oil Lubricating.

Lignum vitae... 62
Linden 37

Oranges in boxes.. 90
Paper in rolls 120

Cement in casks. . . 46
Coal (American,
average) 43

Cast steel 490

Locust 46

Peas in bags 50
Potatoes in bags. . 55
Barrels 68
Rice in bags 48
Sago . 55

Nickel steel.... 491
Brass 520

Mahogany 51
Maple 42

Coffee in bags 61

Manganese
bronze 535

Oak (live) 69
Oak (white)... 48
Poplar 30

Cotton, pressed, in
bales 130

Copper 650

Salt in barrels 52
Bulk . . 37

Aluminum 160
Lead 710

Spruce .... 28

Fish in cases 95

Sycamore 37
Teak 51
White pine 35
Yellow pine.... 38
Walnut 36

Iced 60

Sugar in casks. ... 60
Bags . 48

Gold (pure).... 1,200
Magnesium 109
Mercury 846

Flax ... 88

Flour in barrels. . . 60
Bags 47

Tar in barrels 54
Tea in chests . 100

Nickel . . 548

Fuel oil 39

Ties railroad 50

Platinum 1,347

Willow 34

Granite 14
Gravel 23
Hay, compressed... 110
Hams in barrels. .. 70
Hemp. American,
in bales 105

Water, fresh 36
Salt 35

Silver 655

Miscellaneous
Common brick. 113
Cement 78
Cellulose 7.5
Concrete 130

Tin . . 458

Wheat in bags 52
Bulk 47

Zinc 436
Woods Apple ... 47
Ash 45

Woods Sawed into
planks-
Ash 39

Beech 46

Granite 170

Herrings in barrels HO
Hides in bales 120
Ice 39

Birch 41

Gypsum 140

Beech . 51

Box 70

Limestone 180
Marble 170

Elm . ..60

Cedar 39

Iron, pig 10
Corrugated sheets 36
Kegs of nails 20
Jute bale 58

Fir ... . 65

Cherry . 41

Sand 110

Mahogany 34

Chestnut . 35

Sandstone 145
Stone 180
Soapstone 170
Soft coal 55

Oak 39

Cork . 15

Wool in bales 100

Cypres* 33

Lead pig 8

Dogwood 47

Pipes, diff't sizes 12 *Ton of 2.240 pounds.
DEFINITIONS.
Displacement is the amount of water dis-
placed by a vessel. If a vessel is floating in
equilibrium in still water, the weight of the
water she displaces equals the weight of the
vessel herself with everything on board.
The displacement in cubic feet when floating
in salt water divided by 35 (36 if in fresh
water) gives the total weight of a ship and
her cargo in tons, as 35 cubic feet of salt
water weighs one ton (2,240 pounds) and 36
of fresh water the same amount.
The displacement of a steel vessel is calcu-
lated to the molded lines (that is. to the out-
side of the frames) and no allowance is made
as a rule for the thickness of the shell plat-
ing. For wooden vessels (motor boats, tugs.
lighters, etc.) the displacement is calculated
to the outside of the planking.
Dead weight is the carrying capacity of a
vessel and includes the tons of cargo and coal.
Register ton measurement is the measure-
ment based on a ton of 2,240 pounds occupy-
ing 100 cubic feet.

Ebony 76

Hard coal 60
Ice 56

Elm 38

Fir 37

Fresh water... 62.5
Salt water 64
Crude oil aver-
age 63.5

US WEIGHTS.
Material and unit. Lbs.
Oats 32
Potatoes 60

. Hackmatack .. 37
Hemlock 24

Hickory .. 48
Holly 47

MISCBLLANEO
Material and unit. Lbs.
One keg nails . . . 100
One barrel flour 196

Pork or beef... 200
Salt 280

Rye 56

Timothy seed. . 45
Wheat 60

One bu. oysters. 80
Clams 100

One gallon mo-
lasses 12

Barley 48

Beans 60
Buckwheat 48
Castor beans. . . 50
Clover seed 60
Corn (shelled). 56
Corn (on cob) . 70
Malt ... . 34

Seven bags of
sugar 2,240
Eleven bags of
potatoes 2.240

One bag of flour. 140
One gallon of
I crude oil 8%

Onions K" 7

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Gross tonnage is the measurement in regis-
ter tons of the interior capacity of the entire
ship.

Net tonnage is the measurement in register
tons upon which payment is made, and is the
volume of the space available for cargo and
passengers.

Block coefficient is the ratio of the volume
of the displacement to the volume of a block
having the same length, breadth and draft as
the vessel. Cargo vessels have block coeffi-
cients ranging from .75 to .85, while fast pas-
senger steamers have block coefficients of
about .65.

If the length, width and draft of a vessel
are multiplied by the block coefficient and
this product divided by the weight of water
per ton (36 cubic feet for fresh and 35 for
salt water per ton of 2,240 pounds) the dis-
placement of the vessel will be obtained.
SHIPPING TERMS.

f . o. b. steamer (free on board steamer) :
goods to be delivered on board steamer by
seller at no extra charge to purchaser.

f. a. s. steamer (free at side steamer) ; goods
to be delivered at side of steamer by seller.

f . f . a. steamer (free from alongside steamer) :
the seller pays lighterage charges in the port
of destination from the steamer.

c. i. f . (cost, insurance and freight) : the
goods are delivered to the purchaser with the
insurance and freight paid by the seller.

c. f. (cost and freight) ; the goods are de-
livered to the purchaser with the freight paid
by the seller, but no insurance.

f. o. (free over side) : the goods are deliv-
ered over the side of a vessel, that is, to a
lighter or on to a pier, without any extra
charge to the purchaser.

Bill of lading (b. 1.) is a receipt for goods
delivered to a carrier for transportation. The
bills of lading of some steamship companies
contain the following clause: "Freight is to
be considered earned at time of receipt of
shipment and is to be paid whether vessel or
goods are lost or not." In foreign trade bills
of lading are generally made out in triplicate,
one for the shipper, one for the consignee and
one for the captain of the vessel.

"With exchange" on a draft means that the
party on whom the draft is drawn is to pay
the cost of collection.

Demurrage A charge for delay in loading or
unloading a vessel.

Lay days are the days agreed upon by the
shipper and captain or agent of a vessel for
loading and discharging a cargo, beyond which
a demurrage will be paid to the owners of the
vessel. Sundays and legal holidays do not
count unless the term "running days" is in-
serted, in which case all days are included.

Manifest A document signed by the captain
of a vessel containing a list of the goods and
merchandise on board with their destination,
for the use of the custom house officials. By
United States Revised Statutes 2807 it is re-
quired to contain the names, of the ports of
loading and destination, a description of the
vessel and her port, names of owners and
master, names of consignees and of passen-
gers and lists of the passengers' baggage and
of the sea stores.

Clearance papers When ready for sea the
customs officials must be provided with a de-
tail manifest of the ship's carg-o. If the port
charg-es have been paid and her cargo is
properly accounted for, then the collector of
the port will furnish the captain with clear-
ance papers, without which the vessel must
not leave port.

Drawback A refund of duties aid on im-

ported material that is used In the manufac-
ture of goods that are exported. The United
States government allows the exporter the
import duty paid, less 1 per cent.

Salvage The reward granted by law for sav-
ing life and property at sea.

Jettison The throwing overboard of a part
of the cargo or any article on board of a
ship for the purpose of lightening the ship in
case of necessity.

Bill of health A certificate stating that the
vessel comes from a port where no contagious
disease prevails, and that none of the pas-
sengers (if carried) nor the crew at the time
of departure was infected with any disease.

MARINE INSURANCE.

A contract of marine insurance is a con-
tract of indemnity whereby the insurer un-
dertakes to indemnify the insured in the man-
ner and to the extent agreed against marine
losses; i. e.. the losses incident to marine
adventure.

Unless specially mentioned in the policy,
goods are not insured until they are on board
of the vessel which is to carry them. Below
are brief outlines of clauses and terms occur-
ring in policies:

General average Suppose a- vessel springs a
leak and to save her from sinking the captain
throws overboard a portion of her cargo.
The last shipment loaded on board is generally
the first to come out.

If the shipment is fully insured the under-
writers will pay the amount assessed against
the goods, but whether the goods are insured
or not the general average will make good to
the owner the value of the goods which were
jettisoned less the assessment which the owner
is called upon to pay. It is safe to figure that
all policies of insurance on goods cover and
protect the merchant against assessments in
general average.

Thus a merchant can suffer considerable loss
by reason of assessment levied against his
goods in general average, although the goods
arrive at their destination in a perfectly sound
condition but such losses can be fully covered
by insurance.

Free of particular average (f. p. a.) Under
American conditions it is understood that no
claim for partial loss or damage will be al-
lowed by the underwriters unless the loss or
damage is caused by the vessel's having been
burned, stranded, sunk or in collision.

With average (w. a.) This means that no
claim will be made on the underwriters for
partial loss caused by sea perils unless the
damage amounts to 5 per cent or more of the
value of the shipment.

Free of all average (f. a. a.) This, as the
clause signifies, means free of all average.

Collision or ruling or running down clause
(r. d. c.) This is a clause in which the un-
derwriters take a burden of a proportion,
usually three-quarters, of the damage inflicted
on other vessels by collision for which the in-
sured vessel is held to blame. Sometimes this
clause is extended to cover the whole of the
assured's liabilities arising out of the damage
done to property by the collision of the in-
sured vessel with another and the clause is
then known as the "four-fourths running- down
clause."

Incharmee clause This clause covers loss of
or damage to hull and machinery through the
negligence of master, mariners, engineers and
pilots, or through explosions, bursting o3 boil-
ers, breakage of shafts or through any latent
defect in the machinery or hull, provided such
loss or damage has not resulted from want
of due diligence by the owners of the ship
or by the manager.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES.

OPERATING STATISTICS OP PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS.
Calendar year 1919.

Mileage

Operating

Railroad.

operated

. revenues.

expenses.

Taxes.

income.

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe

8,650 1

1179,904.4985

5130.502,244 \

57.811,543!

541,557,139

Atlantic Coast Line

4,867

63,558,452

53,499,911

2.510,000

7,528,993

Baltimore & Ohio

5,151

182,620,016

169.869,125

4,872,094

7.857.726

Bangor & Aroostook

632

5,287.300

4,993,373

257,688

34.314

Boston & Maine

2,258

72,583,880

66,023.668

2.393,099

4,166,051

Central of New Jersey

685

44,837,302

40.273,951

2,763,901

1,799,271

Chesapeake & Ohio

2,505

71,475.016

60,676,473

2,165.080

8,627.893

Chicago & Alton

1.050

25.272.334

23.553.711

738.861

977.162

Chicago & Eastern Illinois

1.131

24.795.181

23,996.050

885,592

* 91, 845

Chicago & Northwestern
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy
Chicago Great Western

8,090
9.372
1.496

139.589.915
154,011.438
22,128,189

'119.579,387
120.492.962
19.305.163

5,752,459
5,774,554
682.590

14,245,619
27,712,341
2,139,587

Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville.

654

12,355.827

10.764.781

494.840

1,094,704

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific . .

10,647
7,595

150,370,394
111,578.655

13P.561.705
97,022,766

6,306,997
4,545,793

5,362.271
10,001.631

Chicago, St. Paul.Minneapolis.Omaha
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St.L.

1,749
2,397

27,732,019
73,856,456

23,316.465
57,42,7,452

1,309.002
2.252.592

3.101,079
14,165.664

Colorado & Southern

1,100

12.976.644

10,661.265

567;628

1.743,158

Delaware & Hudson Co

875

34.749,709

31.671.505

909,260

2,160.302

Delaware. Lackawanna & Western

955

71,824,047

56,065.251

3,449,429

12,287,412

Denver & Rio Grande
Duluth. Messabe & Northern ..

2,593
410

33,016,257
19.994,713

25,656,971

7,789,452

1,380,000
896.025

5,973,670
11.309,223

Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic

599

4,758.601

4,405,567

269,244

83.494

Elgin, Joliet & Eastern

829

19,310,380

14.752,523

640.088

3.916.881

El Paso & Southwestern...

1,027

12,761,391

8,886.443

724,181

3,149,989

Erie

1.989

91,797,507

87,815,837

3.393,006

565.309

Florida East Coast .

764

10,121,222

8.260,616

440,279

1,417,653

Galveston, Harrisburg- & San Antonio

1,131

21,957,495

16,863,756

735.864

4,350.509

Grand Rapids & Quebec...

569

8,238,636

7,341.516

319,257

577,723

Grand Trunk Western .

1,001

22,342.065

18,029,405

633.635

3,674,104

Great Northern . . .

8.218

106,533,739

86,728,017

7.099.645

12.696.523

Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe

1.938

22,184,340

18.300.490

l,04il,279

2.835,589

Hocking Valley

350

11,654 517

9,692,605

614,153

1,343,595

Houston & Texas Central ,

847

9.720.533

7.777,321

455.495

1,483,808

Illinois Central

4 793

107,886 835

98,911,080

5,204,668

3,737,239

International & Great Northern

1,159

14.410,300

15,189,587

319,384

* 1.099.953

Kansas City Southern...

774

15.111,997

12,145,954

767.392

2,192,955

Lake Erie & Western

902

9,784,826

9.242.394

441,750

99.356

Lehigh Valley

1,435

64,528,899

59,202,302

1.822,987

3.591.539

Long Island. .

398

24,381.974

20.586.850

1.063,277

2,726,533

Los Angeles & Salt Lake. . .
Louisville & Nashville

1,168
5,013

17,209,932
107,514.966

12.685,315
92.544,138

798,788
3,008.064

3,723,522
11,954,200

Maine Central.. .

1.216

17.525.178

17,520.064

924,133

*915,521

Michigan Central

1,861

78,844,386

57,841,814

2,650.000

18.347,075

Minneapolis & St. Louis. .
Minneapolis, St. P. & Sault Ste. Marie
Missouri, Kansas & Texas

1,646
4,243
1,713

13.384,871
42,661,595
34,272,092

13,004,521
34.406,785
29,190,162

604.574
2,472,470
1,155,501

* 228, 774
5,780,042
3.931.747

Missouri Pacific

7.204

93,577,081

83,357,624

3,700.523

6.488,017

Mobile & Ohio

996

15,636,715

16.043.045

588.022

* 995, 911

Nashville, Chatcanooga & St. Louis
New York Central
New York, Chicago & St. Louis...

fl.247
6,075
574

20,044.134
310,715,576
23,475,553

18,483.627
248.940.634
18,317.803

690.612
ll'.630,827
629,811

866,439
50.124.374
4.526,352

New York, New Haven & Hartford-
New York, Ontario & Western... .

1,965
569

106,545.120
10,909.515

92,473.381
9,804,045

3,770,657
329,922

10.273,265
775.523

Norfolk & Western

2.088

76,925.599

64,021,285

3,120,000

9,781.256

Northern Pacific
Northwestern Pacific..

6,593
530

100.739.354
6,682,459

76,179.715

5,250.272

7.482,649

285,858

17,053,051
1,144,874

Oregon Short Line
Oregon- Washington R. R. & Nav. Co.

2,347
2,070

38,260,580
28,367.603

25.098.364
22.737,662

2.171.468
1,598,137

10,988,187
4.027.798

Pennsylvania. En stern
Pennsylvania, Western ....

5,380
1,754

378,091,499
106.342.509

356.018,468
95,479.271

11,035,761
4,271,685

11.003,494
6,586.002

Pere Marquette
Philadelphia & Reading
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie...
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati. Chi. & St. L

2.232
1,127

2.383

35,442,137

72.871.823
28.034.188
93,606,303

26,723.825
64,608,174
24,001.843
911,091,637

670,865
1.659,029
825,326
3.686.113

f. 046, 078
,602,723
3,206,74*9
* 1.177,889

St. Louis-San Francisco
St. Louis Southwestern

4,761
939

78,552,125
13,750,285

60,428,103
10,143,756

2,690.518
513,063

15,407.832
3,090,930

Seaboard

3.563

41,183,532

37,465.817

1.619,793

2,091.409

Southern
Southern Pacific

6.982
7,047

129,787,812
169,728.932

113,744,813
129,448,485

4,042.116
6.816,960

11,926,598
6,815,960

1,946

36,212.438

30.137.573

1.222,478

4,844.840

6,614

110.819.514

73,936,679

3,303.238

33.570,037

Virginian

522

12,075,305

9,175.000

433,200

2.466.869

Western Maryland . . .
Western Pacific
Wheeling & Lake Erie . . .
Yazoo & Mississippi Valley...

*T.,ns!S

2,503
698
1,041
511
1.381

48.847,086
14,610.410
13.657.297
12.600.840
24,952,130

44.391,737
14.591.768
9,545,285
10.869,538
19,285,123

1,303,123
518.400
595,265
719.263
799,381

3.143,048
*504.718
3,515,497
1,009,752
4.864.409

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

RAILROAD REVENUES
[From report of interstate commerce commission

Average number of miles operated

Revenues Freight $2

Passenger

Mail

Express

All other transportation

Incidental

Joint facility Cr

Joint facility Dr .

Operating- revenues 4

Expenses Maintenance of way and structures

Maintenance of equipment

Traffic

Transportation 1

Miscellaneous operations

General

Transportation for investment Cr

Operating expenses

Net revenue 1

Railway tax accruals (excluding "war taxes").

Uncollectible railway revenues

Operating income 1

Equipment rents (Dr. Bal.)

Joint facility rents (Dr. Bal.)

Ratio of operating expenses to opena ting-
revenues, per cent

AND EXPENSES,
for calendar years 1917. 1918 and 1919.2

1917, 1918. 1919.

232,694.53 234,305.14 233,991.80

834,119,707 $3,458,190,626 $3,556.734,573.

827.216,574

4ptj t TE^o,-i-er\/,VJ~vj

1,032,671.429

fpo,*jiju, i orr,tF O

1,178,119.954

58,793,643

53,563,1162

57.441,223

106,924,818

126.231,839

127.663,836

115,344,764

126,536,226

126.92"8,774

105,288,617

125,148,669

132,206,661

4,384,489

6.012,987

7,300,115

1,609,033

1,760.981

2,164,892

,050,463,579

4,926.593,957

5,184,230,244

445,735,253

656,600,508

778.105.318

690,826,898

1,110,270,700

1,232.701,638

65,099,358

48,740,756

47,537,552

,534,221,310

2.056,478.949

2,193,264,002

34,008,525

38,851,289

48,972,187

96,876,352

112,319,160

125.436,777

8,555,486

6.060.861

6,028,724

!,858;212.210

4,017,209,5011

4,419,988,750

,192,251,369

909,384,456

764.241,494

182,778,423

186,966.159

199,193,698

697,093

614.726

917,570

.008,775,853

721,803,571

564,130.226

20.322,069

15.118,119

32.598,295

.13,674,847

13.574,282

15.738,644

70.57

81.54

85.2

UNITED STATES TRADE IN CHEWING GU* AND CHICLE.

[Prepared by the division of statistics, bureau of foreign and domestic commerce.]

Chewing gum to the value of $2, 164, 290 was
exported from the United States during the
calendar year 1919. This is an increase of
$468,387, or 27 per cent, as compared with
1918, the last year of the war. Chewing gum
is essentially a United States product. The
domestic manufacture and consumption prob-
ably exceed that of any other nation. It
formed an insignificant item in the exports un-
til the outbreak of the war, although its use
had gradually spread first to Canada and then
to England.

Chewing gun is a preparation of some form
of gum resin, to which flavoring and coloring
matters, brown sugar and pepsin are often
added. Chicle, an elastic gum from the nase-
berry (Achras sapota), a tree of Central and
tropiaal South America somewhat similar to
the india-rubber tree, is most extensively em-
ployed in the manufacture of chewing gum, al-
though paraffin, balsam of tolu, spruce and
other sweet gums also have been utilized in
its production.

Restrictions on the manufacture and. sale of
confectionery during the war period in order
to conserve sugar did not apply to chewing
gum, as the sugar content of the latter is
This was one of the factors leading to

smal

increased European sales, as the sweetness and
flavor of the gum partly satisfied the craving
for sugar. Gum chewing became popular dur-
ing the war in munition factories of the united
kingdom and in certain front trenches of
France where smoking- was forbidden. It less-
ens the craving for water by troops making
forced marches, by athletes undergoing violent
physical exertion, or by others to whom the
drinking of water for the time being would
be harmful.
During the last year of the war, 1918. Eng-

land was the heaviest purchaser of chewing
gum exported from this country, taking $.1.-
119,898 of the totel exports of $1. 695, 903;
but sales of $828.494 to the united kingdom
in 1919 declined $291.404 from that figure.
On the contrary, purchases by France in 1919
showed an increase of $300,868 over 1918.
when the amount was $94,431.

The domestic consumption in the United
States undoubtedly exceeds many times the ex-
ports, judging by the quantities of chicle im-
ported, less the amounts re-exported.

The total imports of chicle in 1914, the last
normal year before the war, were 5,896,556
pounds, invoiced at $2,178,053, or $0.37 per
pound, as compared with 9,445,538 pounds
valued at $6,2-16,987, or $0.658 per pound, in
the peace year 1919. Re-exports of 2,304,442
pounds, worth $779,125, averaged $0.338 per
pound in 1914, while 268,790 pounds, invoiced
at $155,239, averaged $0.57 per pound in
1919.

Imports in 1919 gained by 2,194,516 pounds
in quantity and $2,299,883 in value over cor-
responding returns for .1918. .Re-exports also
showed an increase of 192,037 pounds and
$110,408 as compared with 1918.

Large quantities of chicle are imported from
British Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, and
the Central American states, but Mexico is the
leading source. This commodity is received
largely through North Atlantic seaports and
thence shipped by rail to desiccating plants in
Canada, where the lumps or chunks are broken
up, dried and impurities such as dirt, twigs
and leaves extracted. The resulting semi-
manufactured product, known as refined or
desiccated chicle, is then shipped to the va-
rious gum factories in the United States.

NO GREAT UNCLAIMED ESTATES IN BRITAIN.

It is a common supposition that there are i and published every three years. Such a list
many vast estates "in chancery" in Great was issued March 3, 1920. These dormant
Britain awaiting claimants. Consul-General funds now aggregate about 1,490,000 ($7.-
R. P. Skinner, London, reported in March, 250,000), distributed over more than 4,100
1920, that there are no such estates and that separate accounts. Considerably more than
it is useless to pay any serious attention to one-half of these funds do not exceed 150
reports of that character. It is provided in ($730), and only about one-twentieth exceed
the British Supreme court rules that a list of 1,000 ($4,867).
the dormant funds in court shall be prepared

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1931.

GREAT OCEAN

Reg. L'th.B'th.

Name. tpn'ge. Ft. Ft.

Leviathan 54.282 920 100

Imperator 52,000 898 J*7

Europa

Aquitania

Olympic 45,000

Columbus 35.000 696 76

Mauretania 32.000 790 83

George Washington.. 25,570 722 78

Koenigen Augusta Victoria. ..24.581 677 77

Adriatic . ...24,541 726 75

Rotterdam 24.170 668 77

Baltic ,...23.876 726 75

France 23.666 720 75

America ...22,622 687 74

Cedric 21.035 680 75

Celtic 20.904

Minnesota 20.718

Caronia 19,594

Carmania 19.524

Mount Vernon 19,503 706 72

JEneas 19,500 500 60

Agamemnon 19.361 684 72

Lapland : 18.694 620 70

President Lincoln 18,168 616 68

President Grant 18.072 616 68

Berlin .. 17.324 612 70

Prince Priedrich Wilhtlm.... 17.084 613 68

Cleveland 17.000 608 65

New Amsterdam 16.697 600 69

Deutschland 16.502 661 67

Mesrantie 15.877 565 67

Republic . ...15.378 570 68

Von Stettben 14.908 637 66

La Provence 14.744

Nestor

.50.000 911 96
.47.000 901 92
890 92

*50 72

602

.14.500 500

580 64

Savannah ...................... 14,281

Empress of Britain ........... 14.189 549 65

Ivernia ........................ 14.058 582 65

Canada ....................... 14.000 500 60

JEona. ......................... 14.000 485 60

Verona ........................ 14.000 485 60

Taormina ..................... 14.000 485 60

Sant Anna ......... ........... 14.000 500 60

Mongolia ...................... 13,639 600 65

Carpathia .................. 13.603 540 63

Cretic ......................... 13,507

Patricia ....................... 13.424

Minnewaska .................. 13,401 600

Minnetonka .................... 13.398 600 66

Pennsylvania ................. 13,333 559 62

Andania ....................... 13.300 540

Alaunia ...................... 13,300

Pretoria ....................... 13.234 561 62

Graf Waldersee ................ 13.193 561 62

jEolus ......................... 13.102 560 62

Cymric ........................ 13.096 585 64

Oceania ........ : .............. 13.000 477

Kenilworth Castle ............. 12.975 570 65

Campania ..................... 12.950 650 72

Finland ...................... 12.760 578 60

Krootiland ..................... 12.760 560 60

Walmer Castle ................ 12,546 570 64

Noordam ...................... 12,534 550 62

Ryndam ....................... 12.527

582 60
560 62
66

64
540 64

550 62

Potsdam ....................... 12.522 550 62

Suevic ......................... 12.500 550 63

Runic .................... 12.482 550 63

Saxon ......................... 12,385 570 64

Moltke .......... ...12,335 525 62

Bluecher ...................... 12,334 525 62

Ionic .......... ...12.232 500 63

Corinthic ...................... 12.231 500 63

Canopic ....................... 12.097 594 59

.12.018 560 60

Vaderland

America 12.000 506 56

Duca de?li Abruzzi 12.000 476 54

Duca d'Aosta 12,000 476 54

Duca di Genova 12.000 470 54

Cameronian 12.000 540 f?0

Frederick VIII 12.000 540 62

Bergensfjord 12.000 530 61

Medic 11.985 550 63

STEAMSHIPS.

Reg.

Name. ton'ge.

Persic 11,973

Zeelaad 11,905

Haverford . 11,635

St. Louis 11,629

St. Paul 11.629

Merion 1 1,621

Bremen 11,570

Batavia 1 1,490

Corsican 1 1,436

Romanic 11,394

La Savoie 1 1,168

La Lorrai ne 11,146

Chicago . ...11,103

New York 10,798

Mercury 10,794

Philadelphia 10,786

Virginian 10,754

Scotian 10.750

Koenigin Luise 10,711

Huron 10,695

Koenig Albert 10,643

Victorian 10,629

Slavonia 1 0,606

Tunisian. 10,576

Hamburg 10,531

Marmora 10,509

Statendam 10,491

Devonian 10,418

Winnifredian . ...10.405

Ultonia 10.405

Bavarian 10,387

Majestic 10.147

Amazon 10.100

United States 10.091

Helig- Olav 10,085

L'th.B'th.

Ft. Ft.

550 63

561 60

531 59

535 63

530 59

550 60

501 62

500 61

550 59

563 60

563 . 60

526 57

517 63

526 60

527 63
520 60
540 60
523 60
523 60

499 60
520 60
510 69

500 59

499 60
530 60
515 60
652 59
552 59

500 57

501 59
565 58
513 60
515 58
500 58

FASTEST VOYAGES ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.

Queenstown to New York. Raunt's Rock to
Ambrose channel lightship (short course), 4
days 10 hours 48 minutes, by the Mauretania,
Sept. 11-15. 1910; long course (2.891 miles).
4 days 17 hours 6 minutes, Mauretania. Feb.
13-18. 1909.

New York to Queenstown. 4 days 13 hours
41 minutes, by the Mauretania. Sept. 15-20.
1909.

Hamburg to New York. 5 days 11 hours 54
minutes, by the Deutschland. Sept. 2-8. 1903.

Cherbourg to New York. 5 days 11 hours 9
minutes, toy the Kronprinzessin Cecilie. Aug.
19-25. 1908.

New York to Cherbourg. 5 days 16 hours.
by the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. Jan. 4-10.
1900.

Southampton to New York. 5 days 20 hours
by the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. March 30-
April 5. 1898.

Havre to New York, 6 days 1 hour 12 min-
utes, by La Provence, Sept. 6-13, 1907.

New York to Southampton. 5 days Ii7 hours
8 minutes, by the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
Nov. 23-29. 1897.

New York -to Havre, 6 days 2 hours 48 min-
utes, by La Provence, May 31-June 6, 1906.

New York to Plymouth (short course). 2,962
miles. 5 days 7 hours 28 minutes, by the
Deutschland, Sept. 5-10. 1900: (long course),
3.080 miles. 5 days 9 hours 55 minutes. Kaiser
Wilhelm II.. Aug. 18-24. 1908.

Plymouth to New York, 5 days 15 hours 4(5
minutes, by the Deutschland. July 7-12. 1900.

Moville. Ireland, to Cape Race, N. F.. 4 days
10 hours, by the Virginian (turbine), June
9-13. 1905.

The best day's mn by^ any steamer was fi^fj
knots, made by the Mauretania, January, 1911.

Distances: New York to Southampton. 3.100
miiles: to Plymouth. 2.962 miles: to Queens-
town. 2.800 miles: to Cherbourg, 3.047 mil^s:
to Havre. 3.170 miles; to Hamburg. 3.8'!0
miles.

ALMAN4C AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

101

STATISTICS OF INCOME

[From report of commiss
Intensive study was made only with respect
to those reporting- income of $2,000 or more.
This limitation saved the bureau the labor
and cost of a critical analysis of 1,640,758
returns, the data from which would have been
of no practical benefit for the purposes of
statistics.
PERSONAL RETURNS BY INCOME
CLASSES.
Class. Number. Pet.
$1,000 to $2,000 1640758 4725

, CALENDAR YEAR 1917.

ioner of internal revenue.]
Class. Income Pet
$200,000 to $250,000 $167,131,303 1.15
$250,000 to $30,0.000 93,538.347 .69
$300.000 to $400.000 130.749.858 .96
$400.000 to $500,000 79,155,111 .58
$50.0.000 to $750.000 136.690.441 1.00
$750,000 to $1.000.000... 77.940.829 .57
$1,000,000 to $1,500,000 80,413,549 59
$1,500.000 to $2,000,000 56.286,944- .41
$2,000.000 to $3.000,000 58,724,464 .43
$3,000,000 to $4,060.000 16.898,985 .12
$4,000.000 to $5,000,000 37.269,593 .27
$5.000,000 and more 57.242.379 .42

$2,000 to $2,500 480486 13.84

$2,500 to $3,000 358,221 10.32
$3,000 to $4 000 374958 1080

$4,000 to $5,000 185,805 5.35
$5 000 to $6 000 105 988 3 05

Total 13,652,283,207

TAX BY INCOME CLASSES.
(Income tax, surtax and war excess profits tax.)
Income class. Tax. Pet.
$1 000 to $2 000

$6,000 to $7 000 64*010 1 84

$7,000 to $8 000 44363 128

$8 000 to $9 000 31 769 91

$9 000 to $10 000 21 536 71

$10,000 to $11.000 19,221 .55

$11,000 to $12,000 15,035 .43
$12,000 to $13.000 12,328 .35
$13 000 to $14 000 10 427 30

$2,000 to $2 500 $3 541 568 52

$2.500 to $3.000 5,555i810 .82

$14,000 to $15.000... 8,789 .26
$15,000 to $20 000 29,896 .86

$3,000 to $4,000 9.802,256 1.46
$4 000 to $5 000 8 481 201 1 26

$5 000 to $6 000 8 418 718 1 26

$20,000 to $25.000 16,806 .48
t 25,000 to $30,000 10,571 .30

$6,000 to $7,000 9,088.735 1.36
$7,000 to $8,000 10019,820 1.48

30,000 to $40.000 12,733 .37
$40,000 to $50.000 7,087 .20
$50,000 to $60.000... 4,541 .13
$60,000 to $70,000 2,954 .09
$70 000 to $80 000 2 222 06

$8,000 to $9,000 8,824,209 1.31
$9,000 to $10,000 7,714,907 1.24,
$10,000 to $11,000 7.287,605 1.23
$11,000 to $12,000 6.889.735 1.02

$80,000 to $90.000 1.539 .04
$90.000 to $100.000 1,183 .03
t 100 000 to $150000 3302 10

$12,000 to $13,000 6,328,994 .94
$13,000 to $14,000 6,201,960 .93
$14,000 to $15,000 5,972,147 1.03
$15,000 to $20,000 25.824,400 3.82
ft^ft OOft *o ft?^ OHO 92 1 QO ^Oft ^ 2Q

150.000 to $200.000 1,302 .04

5200,000 to $250,000 703 .02

$25,000 to $30,000 19,234,340 2.85

5300,000 to $400.000 380 .01
$400,000 to $500.000 179 .01

$30,000 to $40,000 31,865,843 4.72
$40 000 to $50 006 25 493 161 3 77

$50>000 to $60 000 ^1*908 907 3 24

$500.000 to $750.000 225 .01
&750.000 to $1.000.000... . 90 .003
&1, 000,000 to $1.500.000. . 67 .002
(1.500.000 to $2.000.000. . 33 .001
52,000,000 to $3.000.000. . 24 .001
53,000.000 to $4.000.000. . 5 .001
54,000,000 to $5,000,000. . 8 .001
$5 000 000 and more 4 001

$60000 to $70000 18661822 276

$70,000 to $80,000... . 16,612.348 2.46

$80,000 to $90.000 14,375.890 2.13
$90 000 to $100 000 13 468 589 1 99

$100000 to $150.000 55766236 8.26

$150,000 to $200,000 37,259,152 5.53

$200,000 to $250,000 30,008,269 4.44

Total 3 472 890

$250,000 to $300,000 19,459,736 2.88
$300.000 to $400,000 29,217,575 4.33

$400,000 to $500.000 21,010,023 2.81
$500 000 to $750 000 36 853 840 5 46

NET INCOME BY CLASSES.
Class. Income. Pet.
51.000 to $2,000.. $2461137000 18.04

$750,000 to $1,000.000 22,495,347 3.33
$1,000,000 to $1.500.000... 24,170.786 3.58
$11,500.000 to $2.000.000-.. 20,291,070 3.01
$2,000.000 to $3.000.000... 23,633,040 3.50
$3,000,000 to $4.000.000... 7.495,093 1.11
$4,000,000 to $5.000.000... 14,084.085 2.09
86,000.000 and more 19.750.925 2.92

Total 675.249,454)

&2 000 to $ 500 1 085 990 827 7 95

82 500 to $3 000 . 978.986,501 7.17

53 000 to $4 000 1 287 287 859 9 43

54,000 to $5.000 82'8,57>6.742 6.07
55.000 to S6.000 678,763.780 4.24

6.000 to $7,000 414,007.386 3.03
57.000 to $8,000 333.309,938 2.44
>8.000 to $9.000 269.674.124 1.98
59.000 to $10,000... 231.752,860 1.78

COMPARATIVE TABLES, 1917 AND 1916.

Personal Returns Filed.
Income class. 1917. 1916.
$1,000 to $2,000 1,640.758
$2 000 to $3 000 838 707

610,000 to $11.000 201,554.224 1.48
ill-,000 to $12.000 172.895.924 1.27
512.000 to $13.000 153.830,839 1.13
513.000 to $14.000 140,692,242 1.03
514.000 to $15,000 127.352,013 .93

$3 000 to $5 000 560,763 157149

520.000 to $25,000 374,873,137 2.74
55 000 to $30 000 288 485 60 2 11

$5000 to $10000 ... ... 270666 150553

$l6 000 to $25,000 112,502 80.880

530 000 to $40 000 438 534 809 321

$25,000 to $50.000 30.391 23,734

540 000 to $50 000 315 309 014 2.31

$50.000 to $100.000 12.439 10,452

550,000 to S60, 000 248,475,042 1.82
560,000 to $70.000 190,304,946 1.39
570000 to $>80 000 165,350,717 1.21

$100000 to $150000 .. .. 3302 2900

$150,000 to $300,000 2,347 2,437
5300,000 to $500.000 559 714
5500,000 to $1.000,000... 315 376
51,000,000. and more 141 206

580.000 to $90,000.. 131,133,311 .96
WO. 000 to $100,000 111,630,319 .82
ilOO.OOO to $150,000 400,492.040 2.93
M50.000 to $200,000... 223,982.310 1.64

Total . ...3.472,890 4*7,030

102

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Income classes. Net Income Reported. 1917. 1916.

1,000 to $2,000 $2,461,137,000

2,000 to $3,000 2,064,977,328

3.000 to $5,000 .. 2,115,864,601 $624,669,015

.5,000 to $10,000 1,827,508,088 1,637,247,977

10,000 to $25,000 ; 1,687.165.619 1,235,015,786

.25,000 to $50.000... 1,042.320.083 822,661,658

.50.000 to $100.000 846.894.335 722.795.474

100.000 to $150.000 400,492.040 357,355,318

150.000 to $300.000... 474.651,960 505,859,406

$30C 000 to $500.000 209.904.869 271,938,017

f 500. 000 to $1,000,000 214.631.270 256,771,325

1,000,000 and more : 306.835,914 464 263.644

Total , '. 13,652,383,207 6.298,577,620

Income classes. Income Tax Yield of Personal Returns. 1917. 1916.

$2,000 to $3,000 $9,097,378

$3,000 to $5,000 18,283,457 $775,804

$5.000 to $10.000 44,066,389 6,301,183

$10,000 to $25,000 80,695,149 11.637014

$25,000 to $50.000 76,593.344 11,602.681

t 50. 000 to $100.000 85.0^7.556 16,298,587

100.000 to $150.000 55.766.236 12,423,481

$150.000 to $300.000 86.718.157 24.007,267

$300.000 to $500,000 50.227.598 17,951,410

$500.000 to $1.000,000 59.349.187 20,901,911

$1,000,000 and more 1 109.424.999 51.487.356

Total 675,249,450 173,386.694

PERSONAL RETURNS BY SEX AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS.

-Returns.

, Net income.-

Amount.
$8,390.968,851
307,045,768
412,096,152
174.811,281
1,349.784.238
556.539.917

Pet.

74.98
2.74
3.68
1.57

12.06
4.97

Distribution. Number.

Joint returns* 1,450.723

Wives, separate returns ; 20.530

Single men, heads of families.... 72,668

Single women, heads of families.: 25,368

Single men. all other 199.263

Single women, all other : : 63.580

Total 1,832,132 100.00 11,191,246,207 100.00

*Of husbands and wives, with or without f wives, though living- with them, filed separate
dependent children, and of husbands whose ' returns.

EXEMPTIONS FROM NORMAL TAX (PERSONAL RETURNS).

The amount of net imrome relieved from 1 and war excess profits is shown in following
normal tax through deductions on account ol table for net incomes of $2,000 and more in
personal exemptions, dividends, contributions, | 1917:

Exemptions. Amount. Pet.

Personal exemption f $3,773.079,800 33.72

Dividends 2,848,84^.499 25.46

Contributions i 245.080.088 2.19

War excess profits tax .- 101.249.781 .90

Total exemptions 6,968,252,168 62.27

Net income subject to tax < 4,222,994,039 37.73

Total net income returned 11091,246,207

PERSONAL INCOME BY SOURCE.

f 1917.-

Distribution. Amount.

Personal service $3,648,437,902

Business 3,958.670,028

From property, rents, etc 684,343,399

Interest 936,715,456

Dividends 2.848,842,499

Total income 12,077,009,284

Less deductions 885.763.077

Total net income 11,191,246,207 92.67 6,298,577.620 75.43

Pet.
30.21
32.77
5.67
7.76
23.59

, 1916.-
Amount.
$1,478,346,372
3,010,404,924
643.802.657
1,080,879,405
2,136,468,625

Pet.
17.70
36.06
7.71
12.94
25.59

100.00
24.57

100.00
7.33

8,349.901,983
2,051.324.263

Note In the foregoing table personal serv-
ice includes salaries, wages, commissions,
bonuses, etc.; business includes trade, com-
merce, partnership, farming and profits from
sales of real estate, stocks, bonds and other
.property. Income from property includes
rents and royalties, interest on bonds, notes,
etc. and dividends. The total net income for
1917 was compiled from returns reporting net
incomes of $2.000 and more while that for
1916 was compiled from returns reporting net
incomes of $3.000 and more.

CORPORATE INCOME TAX RETURNS.
Corporate income tax returns for the calen-
dar year 1917 numbered 351,426. Of these
232,079 reported net income aggregating $10,-
730,360,211, producing income tax amounting
to $503 698.029, war excess profits tax of
$1,638.747,740. total $2.142445,769. For the
calendar year 1916 the returns numbered 341,-
253, <of which 206. P84 reported net income
amounting to $8,765,908,984, yielding a tax
of $171,805.150.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921

103

MILLIONAIRES IN THE UNITED STATES.

Using 1 the federal inpome tax returns as a
basis Representative Anthony J. Griffin, of
New York supplemented a speech made in the
house April 27, 1920, with a 'number of tables
designed to show the number of millionaires in
the United States and especially their increase
itti the war years. In the course of his re-
marks Mr. Griffin said:

"In the last published report of the internal
revenue bureau of the treasury department,
that of 1917 the figures for 19t8 and 1919
are not yet tabulated we find this startling-
situation: In 1914 there were 2,348 million-
aires in the United States. In 1917. the last
date for which the fig-ores a-re collected and
summarized, there were 6,664 an increase oif
4,316 in three years. There were of manu-
facturers 920 new millionaires made during:
the war. There were of farmers and stock
raisers 120; of corporation officials, 716: of
lawyers acid judges 206. There were 27 doc-
tors. There were 452 women in the list.

"Another interesting table of figures is that
in respect to incomes of over $5.000,000 per
annum. There was one single man in the
United States who earned last year a net
income of $34.9**0.fi04. There was one man
who earned $5,794,559."

MILLIONAIRES BY YEARS AND CLASSES.
L914 2,348

1915 3.824

1916 6,633

1917 6.664

(Increase of 4,316 in three years.)

Divided in 1917 as follows:

Manufacturers 020

Farmers and stock raisers 120

Corporation officials 716

Lawyers and judg.s.T 206

Doctors 27

Women 452

Miscellaneous 4,223

PERSONAL NET INCOMES BY

CLASSES (1917).
Class. Each.

Architects 1 -earned $200.000

2- earned 150.000

2 earned 100,000

Artist 1 earned 250.000

Authors, editors 1 earned 500,000

1 earned 300.000

1 earned 250,000

2 earned' -.. 200.000

2 earned 150.000

8 earned 100,000

Lawyers and judges 2 earned 1,500,000

2 earned 1,000.000

10 earned 500.000

4 earned / 400.000

8 earned ' 300.000

10 earned 250.000

18 earned 200.000

44 earned 160,000

108 earned 100.000

Actors and actresses 1 earned 300.000

2 earned 250,000

2 earned 200.000

4 earned 150,000

Teacher 1 earned 100,000

Insurance agents 7 earned 150.000

9 earned 100.000

Theatrical managers 2 earned 300.000

3 earned ; 250,000

1 earned

5 earned

6 earned

Farmers 2 earned

7 earned
4 eained

2 earned

9 earned 200,00

13 earned
83 earned
Clergymen 1 earned

3 earned

Doctors 1 earned ..

1 earned

4 earned

1 earned , 250.000

4 earned

6 earned .........:

10 eawied '.

Oommefrcial travelers I earned..
1 earned

PERSONAL INCOMES CALENDAR

YEAR 1917.
[Compiled from United States treasury reports.]

Arranged according- to amount of incomes.
Net incomes over $6,000,000 per annum
1 single man earned $34.936,604

1 single woman earned.: 5.794.559

2 others together earned..., 16,511.216

4 ..; 57,242.379

Net incomes over $4.000.000 per annum

2 single men earned 8.462,620

6 joint returns earned (husband

and wife) ,.,,,,.:. 28,806.973

~8 37,269,593

Net incomes over $3,000,000 per annum

3 single men earned 10.245,144

2 heads of families..., 6.653.841

5 ...*, 16,898.985

Net incomes over $2,000,000 per annum

5 simg-le men earned 11,636.167

2 single men earned (heads of

families) 5,354,139

1 single woman 2,384.274

16 heads of families 39.349.884

~2T 58.724.464

Net incomes between $1,500,000
and $2,000,000

2 single 'women earned 3,096.162

7 single men earned....... 12,023.324

21 heads of families 36,296.339

3 married women , 4,871,111

~33~ 56,286,944

Net incomes between $1 ,000.000

and $1,500,000

7 single women earned 6,827.740

6 single men earned 7,214.600

1 single man earned (head of

family) 1,044.400

46 heads ol families 55,278,708

7 married women 8.048,101

~67~ 80,413,549

Net incomes between $500,000 and

$1,000,000
315 persons earned. ......

...214,631,270

ORDER OF PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION.

In case of the removal, death, resignation or
disability of both the president and vice-presi-
dent, then the secretary of state shall act aa
president until the disability of the president
or vice-president is removed or a president is
elected. The rest of the order of succession
is: Secretary of the treasury, secretary of

war, attorney-general, postmaster-general, seo-
retary of the navy, secretary of the interior,
secretary of agriculture and secretary of com-
merce. The acting president, in case congress
is not in session, must call a special session.
giving 1 twenty days' notice.

104

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

WORK OF THE 66TH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION.

Session began Dec. 1. 1919; ended June 5. 1920.

Act to provide for the national welfare by
continuing: the United States sugar equali-

> zation board until Dec. 31, 1920: passed by
senate Dec. 12. 1919; by house Dec. 16: ap-
proved Dec. 31.

Act to amend the act approved Dec. 23. 1913.
known as the federal reserve act. authorizing
banking corporations to do a foreign bank-
in? business: passed by senate Sept. 9. 1919;
by house Nov. 7: approved Dec. 24.

Act to amend and modify the war risk insur-
ance act; passed by house Sept. 13. 1919; by
senate Dec. 19: approved Dec. 24.

Act to make gold certificates of the United

States payable to bearer on demand legal

tender: passed by senate Dec. 6. 1919; by

> house Dec. 19: approved Dec. 24.

Act (urgent deficiency) directing secretary of
the treasury immediately to acquire the hos-
pital at Broadview. Cook county. 111., and
complete it: passed by house Dec. 18. 1919:
by senate Dec. 20: approved Dec. 24.

Act to authorize the president to arrange for
a conference on international communica-
tion: passed by house Oct. 22. 1919; by
senate Dec. 8; approved Dec. 17.

Act to amend act to provide aid to state
homes for disabled soldiers and sailors;
passed by house Oct. 29, 1919; by senate
Jan. 19, 1920; approved Jan. 27.

Act, to amend an act providing for medals of
honor, etc.: passed by house Jan. 5. 1920:
by senate Jan. 19: approved Jan. 24.

Act to provide for the payment of six months'
pay to the widow, children or other de-
pendent relatives of any officer or enlisted
man of the regular army whose death re-
sults from wounds or disease; passed by
senate Sept. 22. 1919; by house Dec. 4; ap-
proved Jan. 27. 1920.

Joint resolution giving to discharged soldiers,
sailors and marines a preferred right of
homestead entry; passed by house Dec. 10.
1919; by senate Feb. 5. 19*20: approved Feb.

Act "to provide for the termination of federal
control of railroads and systems of trans-
portation: to provide for the settlement of
disputes between carriers and their employes
and further to amend the act to regulate
commerce approved Feb. 4, 1887: passed by
house Nov. 17. 1019: by senate Dec. 20:
approved Feb. 28. 1920.

Act to promote the mining of coal, phosphate,
oil. oil shale, gas and sodiums on the public
domain; passed by senate Sept. 3. 1919; by
house Oct. 30: approved Feb. 25. 1920.

Act to purchase land and provide for con-

. struction work at certain military posts:
passed by house Dec. 18. 1919; by senate
Feb. 1, 1920; approved Feb. 28.

Act to authorize the secretary of war to
. transfer certain surplus motor-propelled
vehicles and motor equipment and road-
making- material to various services and
departments of the government, and for the
use of the states: passed by senate, Oct.

22, 1919; by house Feb. 21, 1920; approved
..March 15.

Joint resolution authorizing: the secretary of
war to bring- back on army transports from
Danzig-, Poland, residents of the United
States of Polish origin who were engaged
in the war on the side of the allied and
associated powers: passed by senate Feb. 13,
1920: by house March 3; approved
March 10.

Jpint resolution relating- to supervision of the
: Lincoln memorial; passed by house March
17, 1920: by senate March 24; approved
'March 29.

Act providing- for the relief of populations
in Europe and countries contiguous thereto

suffering for want of food; passed by house
March 15. 1920: by senate March 2*2: ap-
proved March 30.

Act providing- for burial of soldiers, sailors
and marines in national cemeteries; passed
by senate March 26, 1920; by house April
7; approved April 15.

Act making appropriations for the postoffice
department, including airplane service from
New York to San Francisco via Chicago,
and a postoffice investigation: passed by
house Jan. 15, 1920; by senate March 29;
approved April 24.

Act to amend certain sections of the federal
farm loan act; passed by house Sept. 10,
1P19; by senate Jan. 28, 1920; approved
April 20.

Act to amend tariff law relating to printing
paper; passed by house March 30, 1920; by
senate April 17; approved April 23.
Act to revise and equalize rates of pensions
to certain soldiers, sailors and marines, of
the civil war and the war with Mexico and
granting pensions and increase of pensions
in certain cases; passed by house Jan. 5,
1920; by senate April 23; approved May 1.

Act to create a federal water power commis-
sion; passed by house July 1. 1919; by the
senate Jan. 15, 1920; approved June 10.

Act to increase the efficiency of the commis-
sioned and enlisted personnel of the army,
navy, marine corps, coast guard, coast and
geodetic survey and public health service:
passed by house Jan. 23, 1920: by senate
Feb. 11; approved May 18.

Act to reclassify posynasters and employes
of the postal service and readjust their
salaries and compensation on an equitable
basis; passed by both houses June 3, 1920;
approved June 5.

Act to provide for the promotion and mainte-
nance of the American merchant marine, to
repeal certain emergency legislation and to
provide for the disposition, regulation and
use of property acquired thereunder; passed
by house Nov. 8. 1919; by senate May 21.
1920; approved June 5.

Act for the retirement of employes in the
classified civil service; passed by senate
April 3, 1920; by house April 30; approved
May 22.

Act for amending an act entitled "An act for
making further and more effectual provision
for the national defense, and for other pur-
poses." approved June 3, 1916, and to es-
tablish military justice (army reorganiza-
tion); passed by house March 18, 1920;
by senate April 20; approved June 4.
Among- other bills enacted into law at this

session were the following:

To establish in the department of labor a
bureau to be known as the women's bureau.
(Approved June 5, 1920.)

To pension soldiers and sailors of the war
with Spain, the Philippine insurrection, and
the China relief expedition. (Approved June
5, 1920.)

To authorize the operation of government

L/owned radio stations for the use of the
general public. (Approved June 5. 1920.)

To incorporate the Roosevelt Memorial asso-
ciation. (Approved May 31. 1920.)

To amend the act excluding from the United
States members of anarchistic and similar
classes. (Approved June 5, 1920.)

To provide for the promotion of vocational
rehabilitation of persons disabled in indus-
try or otherwise and their return to civil
employment. (Approved June 2. 1920.)

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

105

To authorize the coinage of 50 -cent pieces
in commemoration of the 100th anniversary
of the admission of Maine into the Union.
(Approved May 10, 1920.)

To authorize 'the coinage of 50-cent pieces
in commemoration of the 300th anniversary
of the landing- of the pilgrims. (Approved
May 12, 1920.)

To deport certain undesirable aliens and to

deny readmission to those deported,
proved May 10, 1920.)

(Ap-

To accept the cession by the state of Cali-
fornia of exclusive jurisdiction of the lands
within the Yosemite national park, Sequoia

FOREIGN BANKING BUSINESS.

The federal reserve act is amended by add-
ing- a new section, as follows:

"Banking corporations authorized t do for-
eign banking business'.

"Sec. 25 (a). Corporations to be organized
for the purpose of engaging in international
or foreign banking or other international or
foreign financial operations, or in banking or
other financial operations in a dependency or
insular possession of the United States, either
directly or through the agency, ownership or
control of local institutions in foreign coun-
tries, or in such dependencies or insular pos-

national park and General Grant national j sessions as provided by this section, and to

park. (Approved June 2, 1920.)
To provide for the training- of officers of the

army in aeronautic engineering. (Approved

May 10, 1920.)
Resolution authorizing an appropriation for

the participation of the United States in the

300th anniversary of the landing of the

pilgrims at Provincetown and Plymouth,

Mass. (Approved May 13, 1920.)

BILLS THAT FAILED OF ENACTMENT.
Among the important bills that failed to
become law were those providing 1 for the
repeal, with a few exceptions, of all tbe
wartime laws, for a federal budget, for a
soldiers' bonus and for controlling the meat
packing industry. The peace resolution and
the budget measure were vetoed by the presi-
dent.

PRESIDENT CRITICIZES 1 CONGRESS.

On June 5, a few hours before congress
adjourned. President Wilson sent tlie follow-
ing telegram in reply to one received by him
from the heads of sixteen brotherhoods pro-
testing against the adjournment of congress
and the failure of that body to act on the
cost of living:

"I received your telegram of June 3. You
call my attention to matters that I presented
to the present congress in a special message
delivered at a joint session of the two houses
on Aug. 8, 1919. In nine months this con-
gress has, however, taken no important reme-
dial action with respect to the problem of
the cost of living on the lines indicated in
that address or on any other line. Not only
has the present congress failed to deal directly
with the cost of living but it has failed
even to give serious consideration to the
urgent appeal, oft repeated by me and by the
secretaries of the treasury, to revise the tax
la.ws, which in their present form are indirectly
responsible in part for the high cost of living.

"The protracted delay in dealing with the
problem of the railroads, the problem of the
government owned merchant marine and other
similar urgent matters has resulted in unneces-
sary burdens upon the public treasury, and
ultimately in legislation so unsatisfactory that
I could accept it, if at all, only because I
despaired of anything better.

"The present congress has not only pre-
vented the conclusion of peace in Europe but
has failed to present any constructive plan
for dealing with the deplorable conditions

there, the continuance of
reflect upon us.

which can only

"In the light of the record of the present
Congress, I have no reason whatever to hope
that its continuance in session would result
In constructive measures for the relief of the
economic conditions to which you ca'1 atten-
tion. It must be evident to aJl that the
dominating motive which has actuated this
congress is political expediency rather than
lofty purpose to serve the public welfare."

act when required by the secretary of the
treasury as fiscal agents- of the United States,
may be formed by any number ol natural
persons, not less in any case than five.

"Such persons shall enter into articles of
association which shall specify in general
terms the objects for which the association
is formed and may contain any other pro-
visions not inconsistent with law which the
association may see fit to adopt for the regu-
lation of its business and the conduct of its
affairs.

"Such articles of association shall be signed
by all of the persons intending to participate
in the organization ol the corporation and.
thereafter, shall be forwarded to the federal
reserve board and shall be filed and preserved
in its office. The persons signing the said
articles of association shall, under their hands,
make an organization certificate which shall
specifically state:

"1. The name assumed by such corporation,
which shall be subject to the approval of the
federal reserve 1 board.

"2. The place or places where its operations
are to be carried on.

"3. The place in the United States where its
home office is to be located.

"4. Th?. amount of its capital stock and -the
number of shares into which the same shall
be divided.

"5. The names and places of business or
residence of the persons executing the Cer-
tificate and the number of shares to which
each has subscribed.

"6. The fact that the certificate is made to
enablo the persons subscribing the same, and
all other persons, firms, companies and cor-
porations who or which may thereafter sub-
scribe to or purchase shares of the capital
stock of such corporation, to avail themselves
of the advantages of this section.

"The persons signing the organization cer-
tificate shall duly acknowledge the execution
thereof before a judge of some court of
record or notary public, who shall certify
thereto under the seal . of such court or no-
tary, and thereafter the certificate shall be
forwarded to the federal reserve board to be
filed and preserved in its office. Upon duly
making and filing articles of association and
an organization certificate, and after the fed-
eral reserve board has 1 approved the same and
issued a permit to begin business, the asso-
ciation shall become and be a body corporate
and as such and in the name designated
therein shall have power to adopt and ,se a
corporate seal, which may be changed at the
pleasure of its board of directors: to have
succession for a period of twenty years unless
sooner dissolved by the act of the sharehold-
ers owning two-thirds of the stock or by an
act of congress or unless its franchises be-
come forfeited by some violation of law: to
make contracts; to sue and be sed, com-
plain and defc'nd in any court of lavr or
equity, to elect or appoint directors, all of
whom shall be citizens of the United States;
and. by its board of directors, to appoint smck

106

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR

officers and employes as may be deemed prop-
er, define their authority and duties, require
bonds of them, and fix the penalty thereof,
dismiss such officers or employes, or any there-
of, at pleasure and appoint others to fill their
places: to prescribe, by its board of directors,
by-laws not inconsistent with law or with the
regulations of the federal reserve board reg-
ulating the manner in which its stock shall
be transferred, its directors elected or ap-
pointed, its officers and employes appointed,
its property transferred, and the privileges
granted to it by law exercised and enjoyed.

"'Each corporation so organized shall have
power, under such rules and regulations as
the federal reserve board may prescribe:

"(a) To purchase, sell, discouut and nego-
tiate, with or without its indorsement or guar-
anty, notes, drafts, checks, bills of exchange,
acceptances, including bankers' acceptances, ca-
ble transfers and other evidences of indebted-
ness: to purchase and sell, with or without
its indorsement or guaranty, securities, in-
cluding the obligations of the United States
or of any state thereof but not including
shares of stock in any corporation except as
herein provided: to accept bills or drafts drawn
upon it subject to such limitations and re-
strictions as the federal reserve board may
impose: to issue letters of credit; to pur-
chase and sell coin, bulM-on and exchange; to
borrow and to lend money; to issue deben-
tures, 'bonds and promissory notes under such
general conditions as to security and such
limitations as the federal reserve board may
prescribe, but in no event having liabilities
outstanding thereon at any one time exceed-
ing ten times its capital stock and surplus:
to receive deposits outside of the United States
and to receive only such deposits within the
United States as may be incidental to or for
the purpose of carrying out transactions in
foreign countries or dependencies or insular
possessions of the United States; and gener-
ally to exercise such powers as are incidental
to the powers conferred by this act or as
may be usual, in the determination of the
federal reserve board, in connection with the
transaction of the business of banking or
other financial operations in the countries,
colonies, dependencies or possessions in which
it shall transact business and not inconsistent
with the powers specifically granted herein.
Nothing contained in this section shall be
construed to prohibit the federal reserve board,
under its power to prescribe rules and regu-
lations, from limiting the aggregate amount of
liabilities of any or all classes incurred by
the corporation and outstanding at any one
time. Whenever a corporation organized under
this section receives deposits in the United
States authorized by this section it shall carry
reserves in such amounts as the federal reserve
board may prescribe, but in no event less
than 10 per centum of its deposits.

"(b) To establish and maintain for the
transaction of its business branches or agencies
in foreign countries, their dependencies or col-
onies, and in the dependencies or insular pos-
sessions of the United States, at such places
as may be approved by the federal reserve
board and under such rules and regulations
as it may prescribe, including countries or de-
pendencies not specified in the original organi-
zation certificate.

"(c) With the consent of the federal reserve
board to purchase and hold stock or other
certificates of ownership in any other corpora-
tion organized under the provisions of this
section, or under the laws of any foreign
country or a colony or dependency thereof, or
under the laws of any state, dependency, or
insular possession of the Umited States but not
engaged in the general business of buying or

selling goods, wares, merchandise or commodi-
ties in the United States, ami not transacting
any business in the United States except such
as in the judgment of the federal reserve
board may be incidental to its international
or foreign business: Provided, however. That,
except with the approval of the federal re-
serve board, no corporation organized here-
under shall invest in any one corporation an
amount in excess of 10 per centum of its own
capital and surplus, except in a corporation
engaged in the* business of banking, when 15
per centum of its capital and surplus may be
so invested: Provided further. That no cor-
poration organized hereunder shall purchase,
own, or hold stock or certificates of owner-
ship in any other corporation organized here-
under or under the laws of any state which
is in substantial competition therewith, or
which holds stock or certificates of owner-
ship in corporations which are in substantial
competition with the purchasing corporation.

"Nothing contained herein shall prevent cor-
porations organized hereunder from purchas-
ing and holding stock in any corporation where
such purchase shall be necessary to prevent a
loss upon a debt previously contracted in
good faith; and stock so purchased or acquired
in corporations organized under this section
shall within six months from such purchase
be sold or disposed of at public or private
sale unless the time to so dispose of same is
extended by the federal reserve board.

"No corporation organized under, this section
shall carry on any part of its business in the
United States except such as, in the judgment
of the federal reserve board, shall be inci-
dental to its international or foreign business:
And provided further. That except such as is
incidental and preliminary to its organization
no such corporation shall exercise any of the
powers conferred by this section until it has
been duly authorized by the federal reserve
board to commence business as a corporation
organized under the provisions of this section.

"No corporation organized under this sec-
tion . shall engage in commerce or trade in
commodities except as specifically provided in
this section, nor shall it either directly or
indirectly control or fix or attempt to con-
trol or fix the price of any such commodities.
The charter of any corporation violating this
provision shall be subject to forfeiture in the
manner hereinafter provided in this section.
It shall be unlawful for any director, officer,
agent or employe of any such corporation to
use or to conspire to use the credit, the funds
or the power of the corporation to fix or con-
trol the price of any such commodities, and
any such person violating this provision shall
be liable to a fine of not less than $1.000 and
not exceeding $5.000 or imprisonment not less
than one year and not exceeding five years, or
both, in the discretion of the court.

"No corporation shall be organized under
the provisions of this section with a capital
stock of less than $2.000.000. one-quarter of
which must be paid in before the corporation
may be authorized to begin business, and the
remainder of the capital stock of such corpo-
ration shall be paid in installments of at least
10 per centum on the whole amount to which
the corporation shall be limited as frequently
as one installment at the end of each succeed-
ing two months from the time of the com-
mencement of its business operations until the
whole of the capital stock shall be paid in.
The capital stock of any such corporation
may be increased at any time, with the ap-
proval of the federal reserve board, by a vote
of two-thirds of its shareholders or by unan-
imous consent in writing of the shareholders
without a meeting and without a formal vote,
but any such increase of capital shall be fully

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921

107

paid in within ninety days after such approval
and may be reduced in like manner, provided
that in no event shall it be less than
$2,000,000. No corporation, except as herein
provided, shall during the time it shall con-
tinue its operations withdraw or permit to be
withdrawn, either in the form of dividends
or otherwise, any portion of its capital. Any
national banking 1 association may invest in the
stock of any corporation organized under the
provisions of this section, but the aggregate
amount of stock held in all corporations en-
gaged in business of the kind described in this
section and in section 25 of the federal re-
serve act as amended shall not exceed 10 per
centum of the subscribing bank's capital and
surplus.

"A majority of the shares of the capital
stock of any such corporation shall at all
times be held and owned by citizens of the
United States, by corporations the controlling"
interest in which is owned by citizens of the
United States, chartered under the laws of the
United States or of a state of the United
States, or by firms or companies the cpn-
t rolling 1 interest in which is owned by citi-
zens of the United States. The provisions of
section 8 of the act approved Oct. 15. 1914,
entitled 'An act to supplement existing laws
against unlawful restraints and monopolies,
and for other purposes,' as amended by the
acts of May 15. 1916. and Sept. 7. 1916, shall
be construed to apply to the directors, other
officers, agents or employes of corporations
organized under the provisions of this section:
Provided, however. That nothing 1 herein con-
tained 'Shall (1) prohibit any director or other
officer, agent or employe of any member bank
who has procured the approval of the federal
reserve board from serving at the same time
as a director or other officer, agent or employe
of any corporation organized under the pro-
visions of this section in whose capital etock
such member bank shall have invested; or (2)
prohibit any director or other officer, agent or
employe of any corporation organized under
the provisions of this section who has pro-
cured the approval of the federal reserve
board from serving- at the same time as a
director or other officer, agent or employe of
any other corporation in whose capital stock
such first-mentioned corporation shall have in-
vested under the provisions of this section.

"No member of the federal reserve board
shall be an officer or director of any corpora-
tion organized under the provisions of this
section, or of any corporation engaged in simi-
lar business organized under the laws of any
state, nor hold stock in any such corporation,
and before entering upon his duties as a mem-
ber of the federal reserve board he shall cer-
tify under oath to the secretary of the treas-
ury that he has complied with this require-
ment.

"Shareholders in any corporation organized
tinder the provisions of this section shall be
liable for the amount of their unpaid stock
subscriptions. No such corporation shall be-
come a member of any federal reserve bank.
"Should any corporation organized here-
tinder violate or fail to comply with any of
the provisions of this section, all of its rights,
privileges and franchises derived herefrom
may thereby be forfeited. Before any such
corporation shall be declared dissolved, or its
rights, privileges and franchises forfeited, any
noncompliance with, or violation of such laws
shall, however, be determined and adjudged
by a court of the United States of competent
jurisdiction, in a suit brought for that pur-
pose in the district or territory in which the
home office of such corporation is located,
which suit shall be brought by the United
States at the instance of the federal reserve
board or the attorney-general. Upon adjudi-

cation of such noncompliance or violation
each director and officer who participated in,
or assented to, the illegal act or acts, shall
be liable in his personal or individual capacity
for all damages which the said corporation
shall have sustained in consequence thereof.
No dissolution shall take away or impair any
remedy against the corporation, its stockhold-
ers or officers for any liability or penalty
previously incurred.

"Any such corporation may g-o into volun-
tary liquidation and be closed by a vote of
its shareholders owning two-thirds of its stock.
"Whenever the federal reserve board shall
become satisfied of the insolvency of any such
corporation it may appoint a receiver who
shall take possession of all of the property
and assets oif the corporation and exercise the
same rights, privileges, powers and authority
with respect thereto as are now exercised by
receivers of national banks appointed by the
comptroller of the currency of the United
States: Provided, however, That the assets of
the corporation subject to the laws of other
countries or jurisdictions shall be dealt with
in accordance with the terms of such laws.

'Every corporation organized under the pro-
visions of this section shall hold a meeting-
of its stockholders annually upon a date fixed
in its by-laws, such meeting 1 to be held at its
home office in the United States. Every such
corporation shall keep at its home office books
containing 1 the names of all stockholders there-
of, and the names and addresses of the mem-
bers of its board of directors, together with
copies of all reports made by it to the federal
reserve board. Every such corporation shall
make reports to -the federal reserve board at
such times and in such form as it may re-
quire: and shall be subject to examination
once a year and at such other times as may
be deemed necessary by the federal reserve
board by examiners appointed by the federal
reserve board, the cost of such examination,
including the compensation of the examiners,
to be fixed by the federal reserve board and
to be paid by the corporation examined.

"The directors of any corporation organized
under the provisions of this section may,
semi annually, declare a dividend of so much
of the net profits of the corporation as they
shall judge expedient; but each corporation
shall, before -the declaration of a dividend,
carry one-tenth of its net profits of the pre-
ceding half year to its surplus fund until the
same shall amount to 20 per cemtum of its
capital stock.

"Any corporation organized under the pro-
visions of this section shall be subject to tax
by the state within which its home office is
located in the same manner and to the same
extent as other corporations organized under
the laws of that state which are transacting
a similar character of business. The shares
of stock in such corporation shall also be
subject to tax as the personal property of the
owners or holders thereof in the same manner
and to the same extent as the shares of stock
in similar state corporations.

"Any corporation organized tinder the pro-
visions of this section may at any time with-
in the two years next previous to the date of
the expiration of its corporate existence, by
a vote of the shareholders owning two-thirds
of its stock, apply to the federal reserve
board for its approval to extend the period
of its corporate existence for a term of not
more than twenty years, and upon certified
approval of the federal reserve board such
corporation shall have its corporate, existence
for such extended period unless sooner dis-
solved by the act of the shareholders owning
two-thirds of its stock, or by an act of con-
gress or unless its franchise becomes forfeited
by some violation of law.

108

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

"Any bank or banking- institution, princi-
pally engaged in foreign business, incorporat-
ed by special law of any state or of the
United States or organized under the general
laws of any state or of the United States
and having an unimpaired capital sufficient to
entitle it to bec9me a corporation under the
provisions of this section may, by the vote
of the shareholders owning- not less than two-
thirds of the capital stock of such bank or
banking association, with the approval of the
federal reserve board, be converted into a fed-
eral corporation of the kind authorized by
this section with any name approved by the
federal reserve board: Provided, however. That
said conversion shall not be in contravention
of the state law. In such case the articles
of association and organization certificate may
be executed by a maJ9rity of the directors of
the bank or banking institution, and the cer-
tificate shall declare that the owners of at
least two- thirds of the capital stock have au-
thorized the directors to make such certifi-
cate and to change or convert the bank or
banking institution into a federal corporation.
A majority of the directors, after executing
the articles of association and the organiza-
tion certificate, shall have power to execute
all other papers and to do whatever may be
required to make its organization perfect and
complete as a federal corporation. The shares
of any such corporation may continue to be
for the same amount each as they were before
the conversion, and the directors may con-
tinue to 'be directors of the corporation until
others are elected or appointed in accordance
with the provisions of this section. When the
federal reserve board has given to such corpo-
ration a certificate that the provisions of this
section have been complied with, such corpo-
ration and all its stockholders, officers and
employes shall have the same powers and
privileges, and shall be subject to the same
duties, liabilities, and regulations, in all re-
spects, as shall have been prescribed by this
section for corporations originally organized
hereunder.

"Every officer, director, clerk, employe or
agent of any corporation organized under this
section who embezzles, abstracts, or willfully
misapplies any of the moneys, funds, credits,
securities, evidences of indebtedness or assets
of any character of such cprporation; or who,
without authority from the directors, issues
or puts forth any certificate of deposit, draws
any order or bill of exchange, makes any
acceptance, assigns any note. bond, debenture,
draft, bill of exchange, mortgage, judgment
or decree: or who makes any false entry in
any book, report, or statement of such corpo-
ration with intent in either case to injure or
defraud such corporation or any other com-

. pany. body politic or corporate, or any in-
dividual person, or to deceive any officer of
such corporation, the federal reserve board
or any agent or examiner appointed to ex-
amine the affairs of any such corporati9n;
and every receiver of any such corporation
and every clerk or employe of such receiver
who shall embezzle, abstract or willfully mis-
apply or wrongfully convert to his own us
any moneys, funds, credits or assets of any
character which may come into his possession
or under his control in the executi9n of his
trust or the performance ol the duties of his
employment: and every such receiver or clerk
or employe of such receiver who shall, with
intent to injure or defraud any person, body
politic or corporate, or to deceive or mislead
the federal reserve board, or any agent or
examiner appointed to examine the affairs of
such receiver, shall make any false entry in
any book, report or record of any matter

connected with the duties of such receiver;

and every person who with like intent aids

or abets any officer, director, clerk, employe
or agent of any corporation organized under
this section, or receiver or clerk or employe
of such receiver as aforesaid in any violation
of this section, shall upon conviction thereof
be imprisoned for not less than two years nor
more than ten years, and may also be fined
not more than $5,000 in the discretion of the
court.

"Whoever being- connected in any capacity
with any corporation organized under this sec-
tion represents in any way that the United
States is liable for the payment of any bond
or other obligation, or the interest thereon,
issued or incurred by any corporation organ-
ized hereunder, or that the United States in-
curs any liability in respect of any act or
omission of the corporation, shall be punished
by a fine of not more than $10,000 and by
imprisonment for not more than five years."
(Approved Dec. 24. 1919.)

CHANGES IN WAE BISK INSURANCE LAW.

The office of the commissioner of military
and naval insurance and the office of the
commissioner of marine and seamen's insur-
ance created by the war risk insurance act
are abolished and the powers and duties per-
taining to such offices are transferred to the
director of the bureau of war risk insurance,
who shall hereafter receive a salary at the
rate of $7,500 per annum. Until 'such time
as the secretary of the treasury may direct
otherwise, and subject to the provisions of
section 9 of the war risk insurance act, there
shall be in the bureau of war risk insurance
a division of marine and seamen's insurance
and a division of military and naval insurance.
All laws inconsistent with this section are so
modified as to conform to the provisions
hereof.

Sec. 2. Paragraph (b) of the second subdi-
vision ( 1 ) of section 22 of the war risk insur-
ance act is amended to read as follows:

"(b) A child legally adopted."

Sec. 3. Paragraph (d) of the second sub-
division (1) of section 22 of the war risk
insurance act is amended to read as follows:

"(d) An illegitimate child, but. as to the
father only, if acknowledged in writing signed
by him. or if he has been judicially ordered
or decreed to contribute to such child's sup-
port, or has been judicially decreed to be the
putative father of such child."

Sec. 4. Section 22 of the war risk insurance
act is amended by inserting therein immediate-
ly following subdivisi9ns (4) and (5), respec-
tively, two new subdivisions to be known as
subdivision <4a) and subdivision (5a) and to
read as follows:

"(4a) The terms 'father' and 'mother' in-
clude stepfathers and stepmothers, fathers and
mothers through adoption, and persons who
have stood in loco parentis to a member of
the military or naval forces at any time prior
to his enlistment or induction for a period of
not less than one year: Provided. That this
subdivision shall be deemed to be in effect as
of Oct. 6. 1917."

"(5a) The terms of 'brother' and 'sister' in-
clude the children of a person who, for a
period of not less than one year, stood in loco
parentis to a member of the military or naval
forces of the United States at any time prior
to his enlistment or induction, or another
member of the same household as to whom
such person during such period likewise stood
in loco parentis: Provided. That this subdi-
vision shall be deemed to be in effect as of
Oct. 6. 1917."

Sec. 5. Section 23 of the war risk insurance
act is amended by the addition thereto of a
new paragraph, to read as follows:

'If any person entitled to receive payments

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

109

under this act shall be an inmate of any
asylum or hospital for the insane maintained
by the United States, or by any of the several
states or territories of the United States, or
any political subdivision thereof, and no guard-
ian or curator of the property of such per-
son shall have been appointed by competent
legral authority, the director, if satisfied after
due investigation that any such person is men-
tally incompetent, may order that all moneys
payable to him or her under this act shall
be held in the treasury of the United States
to the credit of such person. All funds so
held shall be disbursed under the order of
the director and subject to his discretion,
either to the chief executive officer of the
asylum or hospital in which such person is
an inmate, to be used by such officer for the
maintenance and comfort of such inmate, sub-
ject to the duty to account to the bureau of
war risk insurance and to repay any surplus
at any time remaining- in his hands in accord-
ance with regulations to be prescribed by the
director: or to the wife (or dependent husband
if the inmate is a woman), minor children
and dependent parents of such inmate, in such
amounts as the director shall find necessary
for their support and maintenance, in the order
named; or, if at any time such inmate shall
be found to be mentally competent, or shall
die, or a guardian or curator of his or her
estate be appointed, any balance remaining- to
the credit of such inmate shall be paid to
such inmate, if mentally competent, and other-
wise to his or her g-uardian, curator or per-
sonal representatives."

Sec. 6. The provisions of section 28 of the
war risk insurance act shall not be construed
to prohibit the assignment by any person to
whom converted insurance shall be payable
under article IV. of such act of his interest in
such insurance to any other member of the
permitted class of beneficiaries.

Sec. 7. A new section is added to the war
risk insurance act. to be known as section 31.
and to read as follows:

"Sec. 31. That if after induction by the local
draft board, but before being- accepted and en-
rolled for active service, the person died or
became disabled as a result of disease con-
tracted or injury suffered in the line of duty
and not due to his own willful misconduct
involving- moral turpitude, or as a result of
the aggravation, in the line of duty and not
because of his own willful misconduct in-
volving- moral turpitude, of an existing- dis-
ease or injury, he or those entitled thereto
shall receive the benefits of compensation pay-
able under article III.: Provided, That any in-
surance application made by a person after
induction by the local draft board but before
being- accepted and enrolled for active service
shall be deemed valid."

Sec. 8. The second paragraph of section 204
of the war risk insurance act is amended to
read as follows:

"The family allowance shall be paid from
the time of enlistment to death in or one
month after discharg-e from the service, but
not for more than four months after the ter-
mination of the present war emergency. No
family allowance shall be made for any period
preceding- Nov. 1. 1917. The payment shall
be subject to such regulations as may be pre-
scribed relative to cases of desertion and im-
prisonment and of missing- men."

Sec. 9. A new section is added to article II.
of the war risk insurance act. to be known as
section 211. and to read as follows:

"Sec. 211. That all family allowances and
allotments payable by the bureau of war risk
insurance under the authority of this article
shall be discontinued at the end of the fourth

calendar month after the termination of the
present war emergency, as declared by proc-
lamation of the president of the United States,
and thereafter all allotments of pay shall be
voluntary and shall be made under such regu-
lations as may be prescribed by the secretary
of war and the secretary of the navy, re-
spectively."

Sec. 10. The second paragraph of subdivi-
sion (g) of section 301 of the war risk insur-
ance act is amended to read as follows:

"If death occur or shall have occurred sub-
sequent to April 6. 1917, and before discharge
or resignation from service, the United States
shall pay for burial expenses and the return
of body to his home a sum not to exceed
$100. as may be fixed by regulations."

Section 301 of the war risk insurance act.
as amended, shall be deemed to be in effect as
of. April 6, 1917: "Provided, however. That
before compensation thereunder shall be paid
there shall first be deducted from said sum so
to be paid the amount of any payments such
person may have received by way of gratuities
or payments under pension laws in force and
existence between April 6, 1917, and Oct. 6,
1917."

Sec. lOa. Section 300 of the war risk insur
ance act is amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 300. That for death or disability re-
sulting from personal injury suffered or dis-
ease contracted in the line of duty, by any
commissioned officer or enlisted man. or by
any member of the army nurse corps (female)
or of the navy nurse corps (female) when em-
ployed in the active service under the war
department or navy department, the United
States shall pay compensation as hereinafter
provided: but no compensation shall be paid
if the injury or disease has been caused by
his own willful misconduct: Provided, That
for the purposes of this section said officer,
enlisted man or other member shall be held
and taken to have been in sound condition
when examined, accepted and enrolled f9r serv-
ice: Provided further. That this section, as
amended, shall be deemed to become effective
as of April 6, 1917."

Sec. 11. Section 302 of the war risk insur-
ance act is amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 302. That if disability results from the
injury

"(1) If and while the disability is rated as
total and temporary, the monthly compensa-
tion shall be the following amounts:

"(a) If the disabled person has neither wife
nor child living-, $80.

"(b) If he has a wife but no child liv-
ing, $90.

"(c) If he has a wife and one child liv-
ing. $95.

"(d) If he has a wife and two or more chil-
dren living. $100.

"(e) If he has no wife but one child liv-
ing, $90. with $5 for each additional child.

"(f) If he has a mother or father, either
or both dependent on him for support, then,
in addition to the above amounts. $10 for
each parent so dependent.

"(2) If and while the disability is rated as
partial and temporary, the monthly compensa
| tion shall be a percentage of the compensa-
tion that would be payable for his total and
temporary disability, equal to the degree of
the reduction in earning capacity resulting
from the disability, but no compensation shall
be payable for a reduction in earning capacity
rated at less than 10 per centum.

"(3) If and while the disability is rated as
total and permanent, the rate of compen-
tion shall be $100 per month: Provided,
however. That the loss of both tfeet, or both
hands or the sight of both eyes, or the Joss

110

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

of one foot and one hand, or one foot and
the sight of one eye, or one hand and the
sight of one eye, or becoming: helpless and
permanently bedridden, shall be deemed to be
total permanent disability: Provided further.
That for double total permanent disability
the rate of compensation shall be $200 per
month.

"(4) If and while the disability is rated as
partial and permanent the monthly compen-
sation shall be a percentage of the compensa-
tion that would be payable for his total and
permanent disability equal to the degree of
the reduction in earning capacity resulting
from the disability, but no compensation shall
be payable for a reduction in earning capac-
ity rated at less than 10 per centum.

"A schedule of ratings of reductions in
earning capacity from specific injuries or
combinations of injuries of a permanent na-
ture shall be adopted and applied by the
bureau. Ratings may be as high as 100
per centum. The ratings shall be based, as
far as practicable, upon the average impair-
ments of earning capacity resulting from such
injuries in civil occupations and not upon
the impairment in earning capacity in each
individual case, so that there shall be no
reduction in the rate of compensation for in-
dividual success in overcoming the handicap
of a permanent injury. The bureau in adopt-
ing the schedule of ratings of reduction in
earning capacity shall consider the impair-
ment in ability to secure employment which
results from such injuries. The bureau shall
from time to time readjust this schedule of
ratings in accordance with actual experience.

"(5) If the disabled person is so helpless as
to be in constant need of a nurse or attend-
ant, such additional sum shall be paid, but
not exceeding- $20 per month, as the director
may deem reasonable.

"(6) In addition to the compensation above
provided, the injured person shall be fur-
nished by the United States such reasonable
governmental medical, surgical and hospital
services and with such supplies, including
wheeled chairs, artificial limbs, trusses and
similar appliances, as the director may deter-
mine to be useful and reasonably necessary,
which wheeled chairs, artificial limbs, trusses
and similar appliances may be procured by
the bureau of war risk insurance in such
manner, either by purchase or manufacture,
as the director may determine to be advan-
tageous and reasonably nec?ssary: Provided,
That nothing in this act shall be construed
to affect the necessary military control over
any member of the military or naval estab-
lishments before he shall have been discharged
from the military or naval service.

"(7) Where the disabled person and hisi
wife are not liying together, or where the
children are not in th ovstody of the disabled
person, the amount of the compensation shall
be apportioned as may be prescribed by regu-
lation's.

"(8) The term 'wife' as used in this sec-
tion shnll include 'husbnnd' if the husband
is dependent upon the wife for support.

"(9) That the bureau of war risk insurance
is hereby authorized to furnish transportation,
also the medical, surgical and hospital serv-
ices and the supplies and appliances provided
by subdivision (6) hereof, to discharged
members of the military or naval forces of
those governments which have been associated
in war with the United States since April 6.
1917, and come within the provisions of laws
of such governments similar to the war risk
insurance act. at such rates and under such
regulations as the director of the bureau of
war risk insurance may prescribe: and the
bureau of war risk ins;irance is hereby au-
thorized to utilize the similar services, sup-

plies and appliances provided for the dis-
charged members of the military and naval
forces of those governments which have been
associated in war with the United States
since April 6, 1917, by the laws of such
governments similar to the war risk insur-
ance act. in furnishing the discharged mem-
bers of the military and naval forces of the
United States who live within the territorial
limits of such governments and come within
the provisions of subdivision (6) hereof, with
the services, supplies and appliances provided
for in such subdivision: and any appropria-
tions that have been or may hereafter be
made for the purpose of furnishing the serv-
ices, supplies and appliances provided for by
subdivision (6) hereof are hereby made avail-
able for the payment to such governments
or their agencies for the services, supplies
and appliances so furnished at such rates and
under such regulations as the director of the
bureau of war risk insurance may prescribe.

"(10) That section 302 of the war risk in-
surance act as amended shall be deemed to
be in effect as of April 6, 1917: Provided.
That any person who is now receiving a
gratuity or pension under existing law shall
not receive compensation under this act unless
he shall first surrender all claim to such gra-
tuity or pension."

Sec. 12. That section 401 of the war risk
insurance act is hereby amended to read as
follows:

"Sec. 401. That such insurance must be ap-
plied for within 120 days after enlistment or
after entrance into or employment in the
active service and before discharge or resigna-
tion, except that those persons who are in
the active war service at the time of the
publication of the terms and conditions of
such contract of insurance may apply at any
time within 120 days thereafter and while in
such service: Provided, That any person in the
active service on or after the 6th day of April

1917. and before the llth day of November.

1918. who while in such active service made
application for insurance after the expiration
of more than 120 days after Oct. 15, 1917,
or more than 120 days after entrance into or
employment in the active service, and whose
application was accepted and a policy issued
thereon, and from whom premiums were col-
lected, and who becomes or had become total-
ly and permanently disabled, or dies or has
died, shall be deemed to have made legal ap-
plication for such insurance and the policy
issued on such application shall be valid. Any
person in the active service on or after the
Oth day of April. 1917. and before the llth
day of November. 1918, who while in such
service, and before the expiration of 120 days
after Oct. 15, 1917, or 120 days after entrance
into or employment in the active service, be-
comes or has become totally and permanently
disabled, or dies or has died, without having
applied for insurance, shall be deemed to have
applied for aJid to have been granted insur-
ance, payable to such person during: his life in
monthly installments of $25 each: and any
person inducted into the service by a local
draft board after the 6th day of April. 1917,
nnd before the llth day of November. 1918.
who. while in such service, and before being
accepted and enrolled for active military or na-
val service, becomes or has become totally and
permanently disabled, or dies or has died, with-
out having applied for insurance, shall be
deemed to have applied for and to have been
granted insurance, payable to such person dur-
ing his life in monthly installments of $25
each. If he shnll die either before he shall
have received any of such monthly installments
or before he shnll have received 240 of such
monthly installments, then $25 per month
shall be paid to his widow from the time of

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Ill

his death and during- her widowhood: or if
there is no widow surviving 1 him, then to his
child or children; or if there is no child
surviving- him, then to his mother; or if there
be no mother surviving: him, then to his
faither, if and while they survive him: Pro-
vided, however, That no more than 240 of
such monthly installments, including- those
received by such person during- his total and
permanent disability, shall be so paid. The
amount of the monthly installments shall be
apportioned between children as may be pro-
vided by regulations: Provided further. That
each officer and enlisted man attached to the
United States ship Cyclops on the 4th day
of March, 1918, and every officer and enlisted
man who on said date was a passenger on
said vessel shall be deemed to have been
granted insurance in the sum of $5,000 per-
mitted under the war risk insurance act."

Sec. 13. That the permitted class of bene-
ficiaries for insurance as specified in section
402 of the war risk insurance act is hereby
enlarged so 'as to include, in addition to the
persons therein enumerated, uncles, aunts,
nephews, nieces, brothers-in-law, and sisters-in-
law of the insured. This section shall be
deemed to be in effect as of Oct. 6, 1917:
Provided, That nothing- herein shall be con-
strued to interfere with the payment of the
monthly installments authorized to be made
under the provisions of said war risk insur-
ance act, as originally enacted and subse-
quently amended, up to and including- the
second calendar month after the passag-e of
this act: Provided further. That all awards
off insurance under the provisions of the said
war risk insurance act, as originally enacted
and subsequently amended, shall be revised as
of the first day of the third calendar month
after the passage of this act. in accordance
with the provisions of the said war risk in-
surance act -as modified by this amendatory
act.

Sec. 14. That if no person within the per-
mitted class of beneficiaries survive the in-
sured, then there shall be paid to the estate
of the insured the monthly installments pay-
able and applicable under the provisions of
article IV. of the war risk insurance act.

Sec. 15. That if any person to whom such
yearly renewable term insurance has been
awarded dies, or his rights are otherwise
terminated after the death of the insured, but
before all of the 240 monthly installments
have been paid, then the monthly installments
payable and applicable shall be paya'ble to such
person or persons within the permitted class
of beneficiaries as would, tinder the laws of
the state of residence of the insured, be en-
titled to his personal property in case of in-
testacy: and if the permitted class of bene-
ficiaries be exhausted before all of the 240
monthly installments have been paid, then
there shall be paid to the estate of the la-si
surviving- person within the permitted class
the remaining unpaid monthlv installments.

Sec. 16. That if no beneficiary within the
permitted class be designated by the insured
as beneficiary for converted insurance, granted
under the provisions of article IV. of the war
risk insurance act, either in his lifetime or
by his last will and testament, or if the desig-
nated beneficiary does not survive the insured,
then there shall be paid to the estate of the
insured the remaining unpaid monthly install-
ments: or if the designated beneficiary sur-
vives the insured and dies before receiving all
of the installments of converted insurance
payable and applicable, then there shall be
paid to the estate of such beneficiary the re-
maining unpaid monthly installments.

Sec. 17. That the bureau of war risk insur-

ance may make provision in the contract for
converted insurance for optional settlements,
to be selected by the insured, whereby such
insurance may be made payable either in one
sum or in installments for thirty-six months
or more. The bureau may also include In
said contract a provision authorizing the
beneficiary to elect to receive payment of the
insurance in installments for thirty-six months
or more, but only if the insured has not ex-
ercised the right of election as hereinbefore
provided; and even though the insured may
have exercised his right of election, the said
contract may authorize the beneficiary to elect
to receive such insurance in installments spread
over a greater period of time than that selected
by the insured.

Sec. 18. That all premiums paid on account
of insurance converted under the provisions of x
article IV. of the war risk insurance act shall
be deposited and covered into the treasury to
the credit of the United States government life
insurance fund and shall be available for the
payment of losses, dividends, refunds and other
benefits provided for under such insurance.
Payments from this fund shall be made upon
and in accordance with awards by the director.

The bureau of war risk insurance is hereby
authorized to set aside out of the fund so col-
lected such reserve funds as may be required,
xinder accepted actuarial principles, to meet all
liabilities under ,such insurance: and the- sec-
retary of the treasury is hereby authorized to
invest and reinvest the said United States gov-
ernment life insurance fund, or any part there-
of, in interest-bearing obligati9ns of the United
States and to sell the obligations for the pur-
poses of the said fund.

.Sec. 19. That the amount of the monthly in-
stallments of allotment and family allowance,
compensation, or yearly renewable term insur-
ance which has become payable under the
provisions of the war risk insurance act but
which has not been paid prior to the death
of the person entitled to receive the same may
be payable to the personal representatives of
the deceased person. (Approved Dec. 24,
1919.)

TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1920.

An act to provide for the termination of
federal control of railroads and svstems of
transportation; to provide for the settlement of
disputes between carriers and their employes:
to further amend an act entitled "An act to
regulate commerce," approved Feb. 4, 1887.
as amended, and for other purposes. Be - it
enacted, etc.

TITLE I. DEFINITIONS.

Sec. 1. This act may be cited as the "trans-
portation act, 1920."

Sec. 2. When used in this act

The term "interstate commerce act" means
the act entitled "An act to regulate commerce."
approved Feb. 4, 1887, as amended;

The term "commerce court act" means the
act entitled "An act to create a commerce
court and to amend an act entitled 'An act to
regulate commerce,' approved Feb. 4, 1887.
heretofore amended, and for other purposes."
approved June 18, 1910;

The term "federal control act" means the act
entitled "An act to provide for th- operation
of transportation systems while under federal
control, for the just compensation of their
owners and for other purposes," approved
March 21, 1918, as amended:

The term "federal control" means the pos-
session use, control and onr^ation of railroads
and systems of transportation taken over or
assumed by the president under section 1 of
the act entitled "An act ranking .nnp^onriations
for the support of the army for the fiscal year

112

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

ending June 30, 1917, and for other purposes.''
approved Aug. 29, 1916, or under the federal
control act; and

The term "commission" means the interstate
commerce commission.

TITLE II. TERMINATION OP FEDERAL CONTROL.

Sec. 200. (a) Federal- control shall termi-
nate at 12:01 a. m., March 1, 1920; and the
president shall then relinquish possession and
control of all railroads and systems of trans-
portation then under federal control and cease
the use and operation thereof.

(b) Thereafter the president shall not have
or exercise any of the powers conferred upon
him by the federal control act relating

(1) To the use or operation of railroads or
systems of transportation;

(2) To the control or supervision of the
carriers owning: or operating them or of the
business or affairs of such carriers:

(3) To their rates, fares, i charges, classifica-
tions, regulations or practices:

(4) To the purchase, construction or other
acquisition of boats, barges, tugs and other
transportation facilities on the inland, canal
or coastwise waterways; or (except in pur-
suance of contracts or agreements entered into
before the termination of federal control) of
terminals, motive power, cars or equipment,
on or in connection with any railroad or sys-
tem of transportation :

I 5) To the utilization or operation of canals;

(6) To the purchase of securities of car-
riers, except in pursuance of contracts or agree-
ments entered into before the termination of
federal control or as a necessary or proper
incident to the adjustment, settlement, liquida-
tion and winding up of matters arising out of
federal control; or

(7) To the use for any of the purposes
above stated (except in pursuance of contracts
or agreements entered into before the termina-
tion of federal control, and except as a neces-
sary or proper incident to the winding up or
settling of matters arising out of federal con-
trol, and except as provided in section 202)
of the revolving fund created by such act, or
of any of the additions thereto made Under
such act, or by the act entitled "An act to
supply a deficiency in the appropriation for
carrying out the act entitled 'An act to provide
for the operation of transportation systems
while under federal control, for the just com-
pensation of their owners and for other pur-
poses,' approved March 21, 1918," approved
June 30, 1919.

(c) Nothing in this act shall be construed
as affecting or limiting the power of the pres-
ident in time of war (under section 1 of the
act entitled "An act making appropriations for
the support of the army for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1917, and for other purposes,"
approved Aug. 29. 1916) to take possession
and assume control of any system of trans-
portation and utilize the same.
Government-Owned Boats on Inland Waterways.

Sec. 201. (a) On the termination of federal
control, as provided in section 200, all boats,
barges, tugs a'nd other transportation facilities
on the inland, canal, and coastwise waterways
(hereinafter in this section called "transporta-
tion facilities") acquired by the United States
in pursuance of the fourth paragraph of sec-
tion (5 of the federal control act (except the
transportation facilities constituting- parts of
railroads or transportation systems over which
federal control was assumed) are transferred
to the secretary of war, who shall operate or
cause to be operated such transportation fa-
cilities so that the lines of inland water trans-
portation established by or through the presi-
dent during federal control shall be continued
and assume and carry out all contracts and
agreements in relation thereto entered into by
or throngrh the president in pursuance of such

paragraph prior to the time above fixed for
such transfer. All payments under the terms
of such contract and for claims arising out
of the operation of such transportation facili-
ties by or through the president prior to the
termination of federal control shall be made
out of moneys available under the provisions
of this act for adjusting, settling, liquidating
and winding up matters arising out of or inci-
dent to federal control. Moneys required for
such payments shall from time to time be
transferred to the secretary of war as re-
quired for payment under the terms of such
contracts.

(b) All other payments after such transfer
in connection with the construction, utiliza-
tion and operation of any such transportation
facilities, whether completed or under con-
struction, shall be made by the secretary of
war out of funds now or hereafter made avail-
able for that purpose.

(c) The secretary of war is hereby author-
ized, out of any moneys hereafter made avail-
able therefor, to construct or contract for the
construction of terminal facilities for the in-
terchange of traffic between the transportation
facilities operated by him under this section
and other carriers whether by rail or water,
and to make loans for such purposes under
such terms and conditions as he may determine
to any state whose constitution prohibits the
ownership of such terminal facilities by other
than the state or a political subdivision
thereof.

(d) Any transportation facilities owned by
the United States and included within any
contract made by the United States for opera-
tion on the Mississippi river above St.
Louis, the possession of which reverts to the
United States at or before the expiration of
such contract, shall be operated by the sec-
retary of war so a-s to provide facilities for
water carriage on the Mississippi river above
St. Louis.

(e) The operation of the transportation fa-
cilities referred to in this section shall be sub-
ject to the provisions of the interstate com-
merce act as amended by this act or by subse-
quent legislation, and to the provisions of the
"shipping act, 1916," as now or hereafter
amended, in the same manner and to the same
extent as if such transportation facilities wer
privately owned and operated; and all such
vessels while operated and employed solely as
merchant vessels shall be subject to all other
laws, regulations and liabilities governing
merchant vessels, whether the United States is
interested therein as owner, in whole or in
part, or holds any mortgage, lien or interest
therein. For the performance of the duties
imposed by this section the secretary of war
is authorized to appoint or employ such num-
ber of experts, clerks and other employes as
may be necessary for service in the District
of Columbia or elsewhere and as may be pro-
vided for by congress.

Settlement of Matters Arising Out of

Federal Control.

Sec. 202. The president shall, as . soon as
practicable after the termjination of federal
control, adjust, settle, liquidate and wind up
all matters, including- compensation, and all
questions and disputes of whatsoever nature
arising out of or incident to federal control.
For these purposes and for the purpose of
making the payments specified in 'subdivision
(a) section 201. all unexpended balances in
the revolving fund created by the federal con-
trol tact or of the moneys appropriated by the
act entitled "An act to supply a deficiency in
the appropriation for carrying out the act
entitled 'An apt to provide for the operation
of transportation systems while under federal
control, for the just compensation of their
owners and for other purposes,' approved

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOE 1921.

113

March '21, 1918," approved June 30, 1919.
are hereby reappropriated and made available
until expended: and all moneys derived from
the operation of the carriers or otherwise aris
ing 1 out of federal control and all moneys
that have been or may be received in payment
of the indebtedness of any carrier to the
United States arising- out of federal control,
shall be and remain available until expended
for the aforesaid purposes: and there is hereby
appropriated for the aforesaid purposes, out
of any money in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated, $"200.000,000 in addition to the
above, to be available until expended.
Compensation of Carriers with Which No Con-
tract Made.

Sec. 203. (a) Upon the request of any car-
rier entitled to jusit compensation under the
federal control act, but with which no contract
fixing- or waiving- compensation has been made
and which has made no waiver of compensa-
tion, the president: (1) shall pay to it so
much of the amount he may determine to be
jnst, compensation as may be necessary to en-
able such carrier to have the sums required
for interest, taxes and other corporate charges
and expenses referred to in paragraph (b) of
section 7 of the standard contract between the
United States and the carriers, accruing; dur-
ing- the period for which such carrier is en-
titled to just compensation under the federal
control act. and also the sums required for
dividends declared and paid during- the same
period, including-, also, in addition a sum
equal to that proportion of such last divi-
dend which the period between its payment
and the termination of the period for which
the carrier is entitled to just compensation
under the federal control act bears to the last
dividend period; and (2) may, in his discre-
tion, pay to such carrier the whole or any
part of the remainder of such estimated
amount of just compensation.

(b) The acceptance of any benefits by a car-
rier under this section

(1) Shall not deprive it of the right to claim
additional compensation, which, unless agreed
upon, shall be ascertained in the manner pro-
vided in section 3 of the federal control act;
but

(2) Shall constitute an acceptance by the
carrier of all the provisions of the federal con-
trol act as modified by this act and obligate
the carrier to pay to the United States, with
interest at the rate of 6 per centum per annum
from a date or dates fixed in proceedings un-
der section 3 of the federal control act, the
amount by which the sums received on ac-
count of such compensation. und?r this section
or otherwise, exceed the sum found due in
such proceedings.

Reimbursement of Deficits During Federal

Control.

Sec. 204. (a) When used in this section
The term "carrier" means a carrier by rail-
road, which, during any part of the period of
federal control, engaged as a common carrier
in general transportation and competed for
traffic, or connected with a railroad under
federal control, and which sustained a deficit
in its railway operating income for that por-
tion (as a whole) of the period of federal
control during which it operated its own rail-
road or system of transportation; but does not
include any street or interurban electric rail-
way which has as its principal source of oper-
ating 1 revenue urban, suburban or interurban
passenger traffic or sale of power, heat and
light, or both; and

The term "test period" means the three
years ending June 30. 1917

Cb) For the purposes of this section-
Railway operating income or any deficit
therein for the period of federal control shall

be computed in a manner similar to that pro-
vided in -oction 209' with respect to such in-
come or deficit for the guaranty period; and

Railway operating income or any deficit
therein for the test period shall be computed
in the manner provided in section 1 of the
federal control act.

(c) As soon as practicable after March 1
1920, the commission shall ascertain for every
carrier, for (every month of the period o'f
federal control during- which its railroad or
system of transportation was not under federal
operation, its deficit in railway operating in-
come, if any, and its railway operating income,
if any (hereinafter called "federal control re-
turn"), and the average of its deficit in rail-
way operating income, if any. and of its rail-
way operating- income, if any, for the three
corresponding months of the test period taken
together (hereinafter called "test period re-
turn") : Provided, That "test period return"
in the case of a carrier which operated its
railroad or system of transportation for at
least one year during, but not for the whole
of, the test period, means its railway oper-
ating income, or the deficit therein, for the
corresponding month during the test period or
the average thereof for the corresponding
months during the test period taken together,
during which the carrier operated its railroad,
or system of transportation.

(d) For every month of the period of fed-
eral control during which the railroad or sys-
tem of transportation of the carrier was no*
under federal operation the commission shall
then ascertain (1) the difference between its
federal control return, if a deficit, and its test
period return, if a smaller deficit or (2) the
difference between its test period return, if an
income, and its federal control return if a
smaller income, or (3) the sum of its federal
control return, if a deficit, plus its test period
return, if an income. The sum of such
amounts shall be credited to the carrier.

(e) For every such month the commission
shall then ascertain (1) the difference between
the carrier's federal control return, if an in-
come, and its test period return, if a smaller
inc9me. or (2) the difference between its test
period return, if a deficit, and its federal con-
trol return, if a smaller deficit, or (3) the
sum of its federal control return, if an income
plus its test period return, if a deficit. The
sum of such amounts shall be credited to the
United States.

(f) If the sum of the amounts so credited
to the carrier under subdivision (d) exceeds
the sum of the amounts so credited to the
United States under subdivision (e). the dif-
ference shall be payable to the carrier. In
the case of a carrier which pperated its rail-
road or system of transportation for less than
a year during, or for none of, the test period,
the foregoing computations shall not be used,
but there shall be payable to such carrier its
deficit in railway operating income for that
portion (as a whole) of the period of federal
control during which it operated its own rail-
road or system of transportation.

(g) The commission shall promptly certify
to the secretary of the treasury the several
amounts payable to carriers under paragraph
(f). The secretary of the treasury is hereby
authorized and directed thereupon to draw
warrants in favor of each such carrier upon
the treasury of the United States for the
amount shown in such certificate as payable
thereto. An amount sufficient to pay which
warrants is hereby appropriated out of any
money in the treasury not otherwise appro-
priated.

Inspection of Carriers' Records.
Sec. 205. The president shall have the right,
at all reasonable times until the affairs of
federal control are concluded, to inspect the

114

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

property and records of all carriers whose
railroads or systems of transportation were
at any time under federal control, whenever
such inspection is necessary or appropriate (1)
to protect the interests of the United States.
or (2) to supervise matters being- handled for
the United States by agents of the carriers,
or (3) to secure information concerning- mat-
ters arising- during- federal control, and such
carriers shall provide all reasonable facilities
therefor, including- 'the issuance of free trans-
portation to all agents of the president while
traveling on official business for these pur-
poses.

Such carriers shall, at therir expense, upon
the request of the president or those duly
authorized by him. furnish all necessary and
proper information and reports compiled from
the records made or kept during- the period
of federal control affecting- their respective
lines and shall keep and continue such rec-
ords and furnish like information and reports
compiled therefrom.

Any carrier which refuses or obstructs such
inspection, or which willfully fails to provide
reasonable facilities therefor, or to furnish
such information or reports, shall be liable to
a penalty of $500 for each day of the con-
tinuance of such offense, which shall accrue
to the United States and may be recovored
in a civil action to be brought by the United
States.

Causes of Action Arising Out of Federal
Control.

Sec. 206. (a) Actions at law, suits in equity
and proceeding's in admiralty, based on causes
of action arising- out of the possession, use or
operation by the president of the railroad or
system of transportation of any carrier (un-
der the provisions of the federal control act,
or of the act of Aug. 29. 1916) of such char-
acter as prior to federal control could have
been brought against such carrier, may, after
the termination of federal control, be broug-ht
against an agent designated by the president
for such purpose, which agent shall be des-
ignated by the president within thirty days
after the passage of this act. Such actions,
suits or proceeding's may, within the periods
of limitation now prescribed by state or
federal statutes but not later than two
years from the date of the passage of this act,
be brought in any court which but for fed-
eral control would have had jurisdiction of the
cause of aotion had it arisen against such
carrier.

(b) Process may be served upon any agent
or officer of the carrier operating such rail-
road or system of transportation, if such
agent or officer is authorized by law to be
served with process in proceedings brought
against such carrier and if a contract lias
been made with such earner by or through
the president for the conduct of litigation
arising out of operation during- federal con-
trol. If no such contract has been made
process may be served upon such agents or
officers as may be designated by or through
the president. The agent designated by the
president under subdivision (a) shall cause
to be filed, upon the termination of federal
control, in the office of the clerk of each
district court of the United States, a state-
ment naming all earners with whom he has
contracted for the conduct of litigation aris-
ing: out of operation during federal control,
and a like statement designating- the agents
or officers upon whom process may be served
in actions, suits and proceeding's arising in
respect to railroads or systems of transporta-
tion with the owner of which no such con-
tract has been made: and such statements
shall be supplemented from time to time, if
additional contracts are made or other agent;
or officers appointed.

(c) Complaints praying- for reparation on
account of damage claimed to have been caused
by reason of the collection or enforcement by
or through the president during- the period of
federal control of rates, fares, charges, classi-
fications, regulations or practices (including
those applicable to interstate, foreign or intra-
state traffic) which were unjust, unreasonable
unjustly discriminatory or unduly or unrea-
sonably prejudicial, or otherwise in violation
of the interstate commerce act, may be filed
with the commission, within one year after
the termination of federal control, against the
agent designated by the president under sub-
division (a), naming- in the petition the rail-
road or system of transportation against which
such complaint would have been brought if
such railroad or system had not been under
federal control at the time the matter com-
plained of took place. The commission is
hereby given jurisdiction to hear and decide
such complaints in the manner provided in the
interstate commerce act. and all notices and
orders in such proceeding's shall be served
upon the agent designated by the president
under subdivision ( a) .

(d) Actions, suits, proceedings and repara-
tion claims, of the character above described
pending- at the termination of federal control
shall not abate by reason of such termination,
but may be prosecuted to final judgment, sub-
stituting the agent designated by the president
under subdivision (a).

(e) Final judgments, decrees and awards in
actions, suits, proceedings or reparation claims.
of the character above described, rendered
against the agent designated by the president
under subdivision (a), shall be promptly paid
out of the revolving fund created by section
210.

(f) The period of federal control shall not
be computed as a part of the periods of limi-
tation in actions against carriers or in claims
for reparation to the commission for causes of
action arising prior to federal control.

(g) No execution or process, other than on
a judgment recovered by the United States
against a carrier, shall be levied upon the
property of any carrier where the cause of
action on account of which the judgment was
obtained grew out of the possession, use. con-
trol or operation of any railroad or system of
transportation by the president under federal
control.

Refunding of Carriers' Indebtedness to

United States.

Sec. 207. (a) As soon as practicable after
the termination of federal control the president
shall ascertain (1) the amount of the indebt-
edness of each carrier to Jhe United States
winch may exist at the termination of federal
control, incurred for additions and betterments
made during federal control and properly
chargeable to capital account: (2) the amount
of indebtedness of such carrier to the United
States otherwise incurred: and (3) the amount
of the indebtedness of the United States to
such carrier arising out of federal control. The
amount under clause (3) may be set off
against either or both of the amounts under
clauses (1) and (2). so far as deemed wise
by the president, but only to the extent per-
mitted under any contract now or hereafter
made between such carrier and the United
States in respect to the matters of federal con-
trol, or where no such contract exists to the
extent permitted under paragraph (b) of sec-
tion 7 of the standard contract between the
United States and the carriers relative to de-
ductions from compensation; Provided. That
such right of set-off shall not be so exercised
as to prevent such carrier from having the
sums required for interest, taxes and other
corporate charges and expenses referred to in
paragraph (b) of section 7 of such standard

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

115

contract, accruing 1 during- federal control, and
also the sums required for dividends d^claivd
and paid during- federal control, including, also
in addition, a sum equal to that proportion of
such last dividend which the period between
its payment and the termination of federal
control bears to the last regular dividend pe-
riod: And provided further. That such right of
set-off shall not be exercised unless there shall
have first been paid such sums in addition as
may be necessary to provide the carrier with
working- capital in amount not less than one-
twenty-fourth of its operating expenses for the
calendar year 1919.

(b) Any remaining- indebtedness of the car-
rier to the United States in respect to such
additions and betterments shall, at the request
of the carrier, be funded for a period of ten
years from the termination of federal control,
or <a shorter period at the option of the car-
rier, with interest at the rate of 6 per centum
per annum, payable semiannually, subject to
the right of such carrier to pay, on any inter-
est-payment day, the whole or any part of
such indebtedness. Any carrier obtaining- the
funding- of such indebtedness as aforesaid
shall give, in the discretion of the president,
such security, in such form and upon such
terms, as he may prescribe.

(c) If the president and the various car-
riers or any of them shall enter into an agree-
ment for funding-, through the medium of car
trust certificates or otherwise, the indebted-
ness of any such carrier to the United States
incurred for equipment ordered for the benefit
of such carrier, such indebtedness so funded
shall not be refundable under the foregoing-
provisions.

(d) Any other indebtedness of any such
carrier to the United States which may exist
after the settlement of accounts between the
United States and the carrier and is then due
shall be evidenced by notes payable in one
year from the termination of federal control,
or a shorter period at the option of the car-
rier, with interest at the rate of 6 per centum
per annum, and secured by such collateral
security as the president may deem it advis-
able to require.

(e) With respect to any bonds, notes or
other securities acquired under the provisions
of this section or of the federal control act
or of the act entitled "An act to provide for
the reimbursement Of the United States for
motive power, cars and other equipment or-
dered for railroads and systems of transporta-
tion under federal control and for other pur-
poses," approved Nov. 19, 1919, the presi-
dent shall have the right to make such ar-
rangements for extension of the time of pay-
ment or for the exchange of any of them
for other securities, or partly for cash and
partly for securities, as may be provided for
in any agreement entered into by him or as
may in his judgment seem desirable.

(f) Carriers may, by agreement with the
president, issue notes or other evidences of
indebtedness, secured by equipment trust
agreements, for equipment purchased during-
federal control by or through the president
under section 6 of the federal control act, and
allocated to such carriers respectively; and
the filing- of such equipment trust agreements
with the commission shall constitute notice
thereof to all the world.

tg) A carrier may issue evidences of indebt-
edness pursuant to this section without the
authorization or approval of any authority,
state or federal, and without compliance with
any requirement, state or federal, as to noti-
fication.

Existing Rates to Continue in Effect.

Sec. 208. (a) All rates, fares and charges,
and all classifications, regulations and prac-
tices, in anywise changing, affecting- or deter-

mining- any part or the aggregate of rates,
fares or charges, or the value of the service
rendered, which on Feb. 29, 1920, are in
effect on the lines of carriers subject to the
interstate commerce act, shall continue in
force and effect until thereafter chang-ed by
state or federal authority, respectively, or pur-
suant to authority of law; but prior to Sept.
1, 1920, no such rate, fare or charge shall be
reduced, and no such classification, regulation
or practice shall be changed in such manner
as to reduce any such rate, fare or charge,
unless such reduction or change is approved
by the commission.

(b) All divisions of joint rates, fares or
charges, which on Feb. 29, 1920, are in effect
between the lines of carriers subject to the
interstate commerce act, shall continue in force
and effect until thereafter changed by mutual
agreement between the interested carriers or
by state or federal authorities, respectively.

(c) Any land grant railroad organized under
the act of July 28, 1866 (chapter 300), shall
receive the same compensation for transporta-
tion of property and troops of the Unite-l
States as is paid to land grant railroads organ-
ized under the land grant act of March 3.
1863, and the act of July 27, 1866 (chapter
278).

Guaranty to Carriers After Termination of
Federal Control.

Sec. 209. (a) When used in this section

The term "carrier" means (I) a carrier by
railroad or partly by railroad and partly by
water, whose railroad or system of transporta-
tion is under federal control at the time fed-
eral control terminates, or which has hereto-
fore engaged as a common carrier in general
transportation and competed for traffic or con-
nected with a railroad at any time under fed-
eral control: and (2) a sleeping- car company
whose system of transportation is under fed-
eral control at the time federal control termi-
nates; but does not include a street or inter-
urban electric railway not under federal con-
trol at the time federal control terminates,
which has as its principal source of operating
revenue urban, surburban or interurban passen-
ger traffic or sale of power, heat and light,
or both;

The term "g-uaranty period" means the six
months beginning March 1, 1920.

The term "test period" means the three
years ending- June 30, 1917; and

The term "railway operating- income" and
other references to accounts of carriers by
railroad shall, in the case of a sleeping car
company, be construed as indicating the appro-
priate corresponding accounts in the account-
ing- system prescribed by the commission.

(b) This section shall not be applicable to
any carrier which does not on or before March
15, 1920, file with the commission a written
statement that it accepts all the provisions of
this section

a contract (exclusive of so-called co-operative
contracts or waivers) has been made fixing
the amount of just compensation under the
federal control act, that the railway operating
income of such carrier for the guaranty period
as a whole shall not be less than one-half
the amount named in such contract as annual
compensation, or where the contract fixed a
lump sum as compensation for the whole
period of federal operation, that the railway
operating- income of such carrier for the guar-
anty period as a whole shall not be less than
an amount which shall bear the same propor-
tion to the lump sum so fixed as six months
bears to the number of months during which
such carrier was under federal operation, in-
cluding in both cases the increases in such

116

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

compensation provided for in section 4 of the
federal control act;

(2) With respect to any carrier entitled to
just compensation under the federal control
act with which such a contract has not been
made, that the railway operating- income of
such carrier for the guaranty period as a
whole shall not be less than one-half of the
annual amount estimated by the president as
just compensation for such carrier under the
federal control act, including- the increases in
such compensation provided for in section 4
of the federal control act. If any such carrier
does not accept the president's estimate re-
specting- its just compensation, and if in pro-
ceedings under section 3 of the federal control
act it is determined that a larger or smaller
annual amount is due as just compensation,
the guaranty under this paragraph shall be
increased or decreased accordingly;

(3) With respect to any carrier, whether or
not entitled to just compensation under the
federal control act, with which such a contract
has not been made and for which no estimate
of just compensation is made by the presi-
dent, and which for the test period as a
whole sustained a deficit in railway operating
income, the guaranty shall be a sum equal to
(a) the amount by which any deficit in its
railway operating 1 income for the guaranty
period as a whole exceeds one-half of its ave-
rage annual deficit in railway operating in-
come for. the test period, plus (b) an amount
equal to one-half the annual sum fixed by the
president under section 4 of the federal con-
trol act;

(4) With respect to any carrier not entitled
to just compensation under the federal control
act, which for the test period as a whole had
an average annual railway operating income,
that the railway operating income of such
carrier for the guaranty period as a whole
shall not be less than one-half the average
annual railway operating income of such car-
rier during the test period.

(d) If for the guaranty period as a whole
the railway operating income of any carrier
entitled to a guaranty under paragraph (1),
(2) or (4) of subdivision (c) is in excess of
the minimum railway operating income guar-
anteed in such paragraph, such carrier shall
forthwith pay the amount of such excess into
the treasury of the United States. If for the
guaranty period as a whole the railway operat-
ing income of any carrier entitled to a guar-
anty under paragraph (3) of subdivision (c)
is in excess of one-half of the annual sum
fixed by the president with respect to such
carrier under section 4 of the federal control
act. such carrier shall forthwith pay the
amount of such excess into the treasury of
the United States. The amounts so paid into
the treasury of the United States shall be add-
ed to the funds made available under section
202 for the purposes indicated in such section.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this subdi-
vision, any carrier may retain out of any such
excess any amount necessary to enable it to
pay its fixed charges accruing during the guar-
anty period.

(e) For the purposes of this section rail-
way operating- income, or any deficit therein,
for the test period shall be computed in the
manner provided for in section 1 of the led-
eral control act.

(f) In computing railway operating income,
or any deficit therein, for the guaranty pe-
riod for the purposes of this section

(1) Debits and credits arisdng from the ac-
counts, called in the monthly reports to the
commission equipment rents and joint facility
rents, shall be included, but debits and credits
arising from the operation 9f such street elec-
tric passenger railways, including railways
commonly called interurbans. as are not un-

der federal control at the time of termina-
tion thereof, shall be excluded;

(2) Proper adjustments shall be made (a)
in case any lines which were, during any por-
tion of the period of federal control, a part
of the railroad or system 9f transportation of
the carrier and whose railway operating in-
come was included in such income of the car-
rier for the test period, do not continue to
be a part of such railroad or system of trans-
portation during the entire guaranty period
and (b) in case of any lines acquired by,
leased to or consolidated with the railroad or
system of transportation of the carrier at any
time since the end of the test period and
prior to the expiration of the guaranty period,
for which separate operating returns to the
commission are not made in respect to the
entire portion of the guaranty period;

(3) There shall not be included in operat-
ing expenses, for maintenance of way and
structures, or for maintenance of equipment,
more than an amount fixed by the commis-
sion. In fixing such amount the commission
shall so far as practicable apply the rule set
forth in the proviso in paragraph (a) of sec-
tion 5 of the "standard contract" between the
United States and the carriers (whether or
not such contract has been entered into with
the carrier whose railway operating income
is being computed) ;

(4) There shall not be included any taxes
paid under Title I. or II. of the revenue act
of 1917. or such portion of the taxes paid
under Title II. or III. of the revenue act of
1918 as (by the terms of such act are to
be treated as levied by an act in amendment
of Title I. or II. of the revenue act of 1917;
and

(5) The commission shall require the elimi-
nation and restatement of the operating ex-
penses and revenues (other than for mainte-
nance of way and structures or maintenance
of equipment) for the guaranty period, to
the extent necessary to correct a-nd exclude
any dispropoi tionate or unreasonable charge
to such expenses or revenues for such pe-
riod, or any charge to such expenses or rev-
enues for such period which under a proper
system of accounting is attributable to another
period.

(g) The commission shall, as soon as prac-
ticable after the expiration of the guaranty
period, ascertain and certify to the secretary
of the treasury the several amounts necessary
to moke good the foregoing guaranty to each
carrier. The secretary of the treasury is here-
by authorized and directed thereupon to draw
warrants in favor of each such carrier upon
the treasury otf the United States, for the
amount shown in such certificate -as necessary
to make good such guaranty. An amount
sufficient to pay such warrants is hereby ap-
propriated put of any money in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated.

(h) Upon application of any carrier to the
commission, asking that during the guaranty
pariod there may be advanced to it from
time to time such sums, not in excess of the
estimated amount necessary to make good the
guaranty, as are necessary to enable it to
met&t its fixed charges and operating expenses,
the commission may certify to the secretary
of the treasury the amount of and times
at which such advances, if any, shall be
made. The secretary of the treasury, on re-
ceipt of such certificate, is authorized and
directed to make the advances in the amounts
and at the times specified in the certificate,
upon the execution by the carrier of a con-
tract, secured in such manner as the secre-
tary may determine, that upon final determi-
nation of the amount of the guaranty pro-
vided for by this section such carrier will re-
pay to the United Staites any amounts which

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 19-31.

117

it ha* received from such advances in excess
of the guaranty, with interest at the rate
of 6 per centum per annum from the time
such excess was paid. There is hereby ap-
propriated, out of any money in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated, a sum sufficient
to enable the secretary of the treasury to
make the advances referred to in this sub-
division.

(i) If the American Railway Express com-
pany shall, on or before March 15. 1920. file
with the commission a written statement that
it accepts all the provisions of this subdivi-
sion, the contract of June 26, 1918, between
such company and the director-general of
railroads, as amended and continued by agree-
ment dated Nov. 21, 1918, shall remain in
full force and effect during 1 the guaranty pe-
riod in so far as the same constitutes a guar-
anty on the part of the United States to such
company against a deficit in operating income.

In computing- operating- income and any
deficit therein for the guaranty period for
the purposes of this subdivision the commis-
sion shall require the elimination and re-
statement of the operating expenses and rev-
enues for the guaranty period, to the extent
necessary to correct and exclude any dispro-
portionate or unreasonable charge to suoh
expenses or revenues for such period, or any
charge to such expenses or revenues for such
period which under a proper system of account-
ing is attributable to another period and to ex-
clude from operating expenses so much of the
charge for payment for express privileges to
carriers on whose lines -the express traffic
is carried as is in excess of 50.25 per centum
. of gross express revenue.

For the guaranty period the American Bail-
way Express company shall pay to every car-
rier which accepts the provisions of this sec-
tion, as provided in subdivision (b) hereof,
50.25 per centum of the gross revenue earned
on the transportation of all its express traffic
on the carrier's lines, and every such carrier
shall accept from the American Railway Ex-
press company such percentage of the gross
reve-nue as its compensation. In arriving at
the gross revenue on through or joint express
traffic, the method of dividing the revenue be-
tween the carriers shall be that agreed upon
between the carriers and such express com-
pany and approved by the commission.
If for the guaranty period as a whole the
American Railway Express company does not
have a deficit in operating income, it shall
forthwith pay the amount of its operating
income for such period into the treasury of
the United States. The amount so paid shall
be added to the funds made available under
section 202 for the purposes indicated in such
section.

The commission shall, as soon as practicable
after the expiration of the guaranty period,
certify to the secretary of the treasury the
amount necessary to make good the foregoing
guaranty to the American Railway Express
company. The secretary of the treasury is
hereby authorized and directed thereupon to
draw warrants in favor of such company upon
the treasury of the United States for the
amount shown in such certificate as necessary
to make good eueh guaranty. An amount suf-
ficient to pay such warrants is hereby ap-
propriated out of any money in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated.

Upon application of the American Railway
Express company to the commission, asking
that during the guaranty period there may be
advanced to it from time to time such sums,
not in excess of the estimated amount neces-
sary to make good the guaranty, as are nec-
essary to enable it. to meet its operating ex-
penses, the commission may certify to the
secretary of the treasury the amount of, and

times at which, such advances, n any, shall
be made. The secretary of the treasury, on
receipt of such certificate, is authorized and
directed to make the advances in the amounts
and at the times specified in the certificate
upon the execution by such company of a
contract, secured in such manner as the sec-
retary may determine, that upon final de-
termination of the amount of the guaranty
provided for by this subdivision such company
will repay to the United States any amounts
which it has received from such advances in
excess of the guaranty, with interest at the
rate of 6 per centum per annum from the
time such excess was paid. There is hereby
appropriated out of any money in the treasury
not otherwise appropriated a sum sufficient
to enable the secretary of the treasury to make
the advances referred to in this subdivision.

New Loans to Railroads.

Sec. 210. (a) For the purpose of enabling
carriers by railroad subject to the interstate
commerce act properly to serve the public dur-
ing the transition period immediately follow-
ing the termination of federal control, any
such carrier may, at any time after the pas-
sage of this act and before the expiration of
two years after the termination of federal
control, make application to the commission
for a loan from tiie United States, setting
forth the amount of the loan and the term
for which it is desired, the purpose of the
loan and the uses to which it will be applied,
the present and prospective ability of the ap-
plicant to repay the loan and meet the re-
quirements of its obligations in that regard,
the character and value of the security of-
fered and the extent to which the public con-
venience and necessity will be served. The
application shall be accompanied by state-
ments showing such facts and details as the
commission may require with respect to the
physical situation, ownership, capitalization,
indebtedness, contract obligations, operation
and earning power of the applicant, together
with such other facts relating to the propriety
and expediency of granting the loan applied
for and the ability of the applicant to make
good the obligation as the commission may
deem pertinent to the inquiry.

Sj) If the commission, after such hearing
investigation, with or without notice, as
it may direct, finds that the making, in whole
or in part, of the proposed loan by the United
States is necessary to enable the applicant
properly to meet the transportation needs of
the public and that the prospective earning
power of the applicant and the character and
value of the security offered are such as to
furnish reasonable assurance of the appli-
cant's ability to repay the loan within the
time fixed therefor and to meet its other obli-
gations in connection with such loan, the com-
mission may certify to the secretary of the
treasury its findings of fact and its recom-
mendations as 'to: the amount of the lomi
which is to be made; the time, not exceeding
five years from the making thereof, within
which it is to be repaid; the character of the
security which is to be offered therefor: and
the terms and conditions of the loan.

(c) Upon receipt of such certificate from
the commission, the secretary of the treasury,
at any time before the expiration of twenty-
six months after the termination of federal
control, is authorized to make a loan, not
exceeding the maximum amount recommended
in such certificate, out of any moneys in the
revolving fund provided for in this section.
All such loans shall bear interest at the rate
of 6 per centum per annum, payable semian-
nually to the secretary of the treasury and to
be placed to the credit of the revolving fund
provided for in this section. The time, not

118

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

exceeding- five years from the making- thereof,
within which such loan is to be repaid, the
security which is to be taken therefor, which
shall be adequate to secure the loan, the
terms and conditions of the loan and the
form of the obligation to be entered into, shall
be prescribed by the secretary of the treasury.

(d) The commission or the secretary of the
treasury may call upon the federal reserve
board for advice and assistance wiith respect
to any such application or loan.

(e) There is hereby appropriated out of
any moneys in the treasury not otherwise ap-
propriated the sum of $300.000.000. which
shall be used as a revolving fund for the
purpose of making- the loans provided for in
this section and for paying- the judgments,
decrees and awards referred to in subdivision
(e) of section 206.

(f) A carrier may issue evidences of in-
debtedness to the United States pursuant to
this -section without the authorization or ap-
proval of any authority, state or federal, and
without compliance with any requirement,
state or federal, as to notification.

Execution of Powers of President.
Sec. 211. All powers and duties conferred
or imposed upon 'the president by the preced-
ing- sections of this act. excent the designation
of the agent under section 206, may be exe-
cuted by him through such agency or ag-encies
as he may determine.

1ITI.E III. DTSPFTES BETWEEN CARRIERS AND
THEIR EMPLOYES AND SUBORDINATE OFFICIALS.

Sec. 300. When used in this title

(1) The term "carrier" includes any ex-
press company, sleeping- oar company and any
carrier by railroad subject to the interstate
commerce act, except a street, interurban or
suburban electric railway not operating- as a
part of a general steam railroad system of
transportation;

(2) The term "adjustment board" means
any railroad board of labor adjustment estab-
lished under section 302;

(3) The term "labor board" means the rail-
road labor board:

(4) The term "commerce" means commerce
among 1 the several states or between any state,
territory or the District of Columbia or any
foreign nation, or between any territory or
the District of Columbia and any state, or
between any territory and any other territory,
or between any territory and the District of
Columbia, or within any territory or the Dis-
trict of Columbia, or between points in the
ea.me state but through any other statte or any
territory or the District of Columbia or any
foreign nation: and

(5) The term "subordinate official" includes
officials of carriers of such class or rank as
the commission shall designate by regulation
formulated and issued after such notice and
hearing- as the commission may prescribe, to
the carriers and employes and subordinate of-
ficials of earners and organizations thereof,
directly to be affected by such regulations.

Sec. 301. It shall be the duty of all car-
riers and their officers, employes and agents
to exert every reasonable effort and adopt
every available means to avoid any interrup-
tion to the operation of any carrier growing-
out of any dispute between the carrier and
the employes or subordinate officials thereof.
All such disputes shall be considered and. if
possible, decided in conference between rep-
resentatives designated and authorized so to
confer by the carriers, or the employes or
subordinate officials therepf. directly interested
in the dispute. If any dispute is not decided
in such conference, it shall be referred by the
parties thereto to the board which under the
provisions of this title is authorized to hear
and decide such dispute.

Sec. 302. Railroad boards of labor adjust-

ment may be established by agreement be-
tween any carrier, group of carriers, or the
carriers as a whole and any employes or sub-
ordinate officials of carriers, or organization
or group of organizations thereof.

Sec. 303. Bach such adjustment board shall.
(1) upon the application of the chief execu-
tive of any carrier or organization of em-
ployes or subordinate officials whose members
are directly interested in the dispute, (2)
upon the written petition signed by not less
than 100 unorganized employes or subordinate
officials directly intere3ted in the dispute.
(3) upon the adjustment board's own motion,
or (4) upon the request of the labor board
whenever such board is of the opinion that
the dispute is likely substantially to interrupt
commerce, receive for hearing and as soon as
practicable and with due diligence decide any
dispute involving only grievances, rules 9r
working conditions, not decided as provided in
section 301, between the carrier and its em-
ployes or subordinate officials, who are. or
any organization thereof which is. in accord-
ance with the provisions of section 302. rep-
resented upon any such adjustment board.

Sec. 304. There is hereby established a
board to be known as the "railroad labor
board" and to be composed of nine members
as follows:

(1) Three members constituting* the labor
group, representing the employes and subordi-
nate officials of the carriers, to be appointed
by the president, by and with the advice and
consent of the senate, from not less than six
nominees whose nominations sluall be made
and offered by such employes in such manner
as the commission shall by regulation pre-
scribe:

(2) Three members, constituting- the man-
agement group, representing the carriers, to be
appointed by the president, by and with the
advice and consent of the senate, from not
less than six nominees whose nominations shall
be made and offered by the carriers in such
manner as the commission shall by regulation
prescribe: and

(3) Three members, constituting- the public
group, representing the public, to be appointed
directly by the president, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the senate.

Any vacancy on the labor board shall be
filled in the same manner as the original ap-
pointment.

Sec. 305. If either the employes or the car-
riers fail to make nominations and offer nomi-
nees in accordance with the regulations of the
commission, as provided in paragraphs (1)
and (2) of section 304, within thirty days
after the passage of this act in case of any
original appointment to the office of member
of the labor board, or in case of a vacancy
in any such offic? within fifteen days after
such vacancy occurs, the president shall there-
upon directly make the appointment, by and
with the advice and consent of the senate.
In making- any such appointment the president
6hall,i as far as he deems it practicable, se-
lect an individual associated in interest with
the carriers or employes thereof, whichever
he is to represent.

Sec. 306. (a) Any member of the labor
board who during his term of office is an
active member or in the employ of or holds
a.ny office in any organization of employes or
subordinate officials, or any carrier, or owns
any stock or bond thereof, or is pecuniarily
interested therein, shall at once become in-
eligible for further membership upon the la-
bor board: but no such member is required
to relinquish honorary membership in, or his
rights in any insurance or pension or other
benefit fund maintained by any organiza-
tion of employes or subordinate officials or by
a carrier.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR

119

(b) Of the original members of the labor
board, one from each group shall be appointed
for a term of three years, one for two years
and one for one year. Their successors shall
hold office for terms of five years, except
that any member appointed to fill a vacancy
Bhall be appointed only for the unexpired
term of <the member whom he succeeds. Each
member shall receive from the United States
an annual salary of $1 0.000. A member
may be removed by the president for neglect
of duty or malfeasance in office, but for no
other cause.

Sec. 307. (a) The labor board shall hear,
and as soon as practicable and with due dili-
gence decide, an$ dispute involving grievances,
rules or working- conditions, in respect to
which 'any adjustment board certifies to the
labor board that in its opini9n the adjustment
board has failed or will fail to reach a de-
cision within a reasonable time, or in re-
spect to which the labor board determines that
any adjustment board has so failed or is not
using due diligence in its consideration thereof.
In case the appropriate adjustment board is
not organized under the provisions of section
302. the labor board, (1) upon the applica-
tion of the chief executive of any carrier or
organization of employes or subordinate of-
ficials whose members are directly interested
in the dispute, (2) upon a written petition
signed by not less than 100 unorganized em-
ployes or subordinate officials directly in-
terested in the dispute, or (3) upon the labor
board's own motion if it is of the opinion
that the dispute is likely substantially to in-
terrupt commerce, shall receive for hearing,
and as soon as practicable and with due dili-
gence decide, any dispute involving grievances,
rules or working conditions which is not de-
cided as provided in section 301 and which
such adjustment board would be required to
receive for hearing and decision under the pro-
visions of section 303.

(b) The labor board, (1) upon the appli-
cation of the chief executive of any earner
or organization of employes or subordinate
officials whose members are directly interested
in the dispute, (2) upon a written petition
signed by not less than 100 unorganized em-
ployes or subordinate officials directly inter-
ested in the dispute, or (3) upon the labor
board's own motion if it is of the opinion
that the dispute is likely substantially to in-
terrupt commerce, shall receive for hearing
and as soon as practicable and with due dili-
gence decide, all disputes with respect to tha
wages or salaries of employes or subordinate
officials of carriers, not decided as provided in
section 301. The labor board may upon its
own motion within ten days after the decision,
in 'accordance with the provisions of section
301, of any dispute with respect to wages
or salaries of employes or subordinate officials
of carriers, suspend the operation of such de-
cision if the labor board is of the opinion that
the decision involves such an increase in wages
or salaries as will be likely to necessitate
a substantial readjustment of the rates of any
carrier. The labor board shall hear any de-
cision so suspended and as soon as practicable
and with due diligence decide to affirm or
modify such suspended decision.

(c) A decision by the labor board under the
provisions of paragraphs (a) or (b) of this
section shall require the concurrence therein
of at least five of the nine members of the
labor board: Provided, That iu case, of any
decision under paragraph (b), at least one
of the representatives 'of the public shall con-
cur in such decision. All decisions of the
labor board shall be entered upon the rec-
ords of the board and copies thereof, together
with such statement of facts bearing thereon
as the board may deem proper, shall be im-
mediately communicated to the parties to the

dispute, the president, each adjustment board
arid the commission and shall be riven fur-
ther publicity in such manner as the labor
board may determine.

(d) All the decisions of the labor board in
respect to wages or salaries and of the labor
board or an adjustment board in respect to
working conditions of employes or subordinate
officials of carriers shall establish rates of
wages and -salaries and standards of working-
conditions which in the opinion of the board
are just and reasonable. In determining the
justness and reasonableness of such wages and
salaries or working- conditions the board shall,
so far as applicable, take into consideration
among other relevant circumstances:

(1) The scales of wages paid for similar
kinds of work in other industries;

(2) The relation between wages and the
cost of living:

(3) The hazards of the employment:

(4) The training and skill required;

(5) The degree of responsibility:

(6) The character and regularity of the em-
ployment: and

(7) Inequalities of increases in wages or of
treatment the result of previous wage orders
or adjustments.

Sec. 308. The labor board

(1) Shall elect a chairman by majority vote
of its members:

(2) Shall maintain central offices in Chicagp.
111., but the labor board may. whenever it
deems it necessary, meet at such other place
as it may determine:

(3) Shall investigate and study the rela-
tions between carriers and their employes, par-
ticularly questions relating to wages, hours of
labor and other conditions of employment and
the respective privileges, rights and duties of
carriers and employes, and shall gather, com-
pile, classify, digest and publish from time to
time data and information relating- to such
questions to the end that the labor board
may be properly equipped to perform its
duties under this title and that the members
of the adjustment boards and the public may
be properly informed;

(4) May make regulations necessary for the
efficient execution of the functions vested in
it by this title; and

(5) Shall at least annually collect and pub-
lish the decisions and regulations of the labor
board and the adjustment boards and all court
and administrative decisions and regulations of
the commission in respect to this title, together
with a cumulative index-digest thereof.

Sec. 309. Any party to any dispute to be
considered by an adjustment board or by the
labor board shall be entitled to a hearing
either in person or by counsel.

Sec. 310. (a) For the efficient administra-
tion of the functions vested in the labor
board by this title, any member thereof may
require, by subpoena issued and signed by
himself, the attendance of any witness and the
production of any book, paper, document or
other evidence from any place in the United
States at any designated place of hearing, and
the taking of a deposition before any desig-
nated person having power to administer oaths.
In the case of a deposition the testimony shall
be reduced to writing by the person taking f he
deposition or under Ms direction, and shall
then be subscribed to by the deponent. Any
member of the labor board may administer
oaths and examine any witness. Any witness
summoned before the board and any witness
whose deposition is taken shall be paid the
same fees and mileage as are paid witnesses
in the courts of the United States.

(b) In case of failure to comply with any
subpcena or in case of the contumacy of any
witness appearing before the labor board, the
board may invoke the aid of any United States

120

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

district court. Such court may thereupon
order the witness to comply with the require-
ments of such subpoena or to give evidence
touching- the matter in question, as the case
may be. Any failure to obey such order may
be punished by such court as "a contempt
thereof.

(c) No person shall be excused from so
attending- and testifying- or deposing, nor from
so producing- any book, paper, document or
other evidence on the ground that the testi-
mony or evidence, documentary or 9therwise,
required of him may tend to incriminate him
or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture; but
no natural person shall be prosecuted or sub-
jected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on
account of any transaction, matter or thing,
as to which in obedience to a subpoena and
under oath, he may so testify or produce evi-
dence, documentary or otherwise. But no
person shall be exempt from prosecution and
punishment lor perjury committed in so testi-
fying-.

Sec. 311. (a) When necessary to the effi-
cient administration of the functions vested in
the labor board by this title, any member,
officer, employe or agent thereof, duly author-
ized in writing- by the board, shall at all rea-
sonable times for the purpose of examination
have access to and the right to copy any book,
account, record, paper or correspondence re-
lating- to any matter which the board is au-
thorized to consider or investigate. Any per-
son who upon demand refuses any duly
authorized member, officer, employe or agent
of the labor board such right of access
copying or hinders, obstructs or resists him in
the exercise of such right, shall upon con-
viction thereof be liable to a penalty of $500
for each such offense. Each day during- any
part of which such offense continues shall
constitute a separate offense. Such penalty
shall be recoverable in a civil suit brought in
the name of the United States, and shall be
covered into the treasury of the United States
as miscellaneous receipts.

(b) Every officer or employe of the United
States, whenever requested by any member of
the labor board or an adjustment board duly
authorized by the board for the purpose, shall
supply to euch board any data or information
pertaining to the administration of the func-
tions vested in it by this title, which may be
contained in the records of his office.

(c) The president is authorized to transfer
to the labor board any books, papers or docu-
ments pertaining to the administration of the
f u lotions vested in the board by this title,
which are in the possession of any agency or
railway board of adjustment in connection
therewith, established for executing- the powers
granted the president under the federal con-
trol act and which are no longer necessary to
the administration of the affairs of such

ag lec. y '312. Prior to Sept. 1. 1920, each car-
rier shall pay to each employe or subordinate
official thereof wages or salary at a rate not
less than that fixed by the decision of any
agency, or railway board of adjustment in con-
nection therewith, established for executing the
powers granted the president under the federal
control act, in effect in respect to such employe
or subordinate official immediately preceding
12:01 a. m. March 1. 1920. Any carrier act-
ing in violation of any provision of this sec-
tion shall upon conviction thereof be liable to
a penalty of $100 for each such offense. Each
such .action with respect to any such employe
or subordinate official and each day or portion
thereof during which the offense continues
shall constitute a separate offense. Such pen-
alty shall be recoverable in a civil suit brought
in the name of the United States, and shall

be covered into the treasury of the United
States as miscellaneous receipts.

Sec. 313. The labor board, in case it has
reason to believe that any decision of the
labor board or of an adjustment board is
violated by any carrier or employe or subordi-
nate official 91" organization thereof, may upon
its own motion after due notice and hearing
to all persons directly interested in such viola-
tion, determine whether- in its opinion such
violation has occurred and make public its
decision in such manner as it may determine.

Sec. 314. The labor board may (1) appoint
a secretary, who shall receive from the United
States an annual salary of $5,000; and (2)
subject to the provisions of the civil service
laws, appoint and remove such officers, em-
ployes and agents; and make such expendi-
tures for rent, printing, telegrams, telephone,
law books, books of reference, periodicals, fur-
niture, stationery, office equipment and other
supplies and expenses, including salaries, trav-
eling expenses of its members, secretary, offi-
cers, employes and agents, and witness fees
as are necessary for the efficient execution of
the functions vested in the board by this title
and as may be provided for by congress from
time to time. All of the expenditures of the
labor board shall be allowed and paid upon
the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor
approved by the chairman of the labor board.

Sec. 315. There is hereby appropriated for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, out of
any money in the treasury not otherwise ap-
propriated, the sum of $50,000 or so much
thereof as may be necessary, to be expended
by the labor board, for defraying the ex-
penses of the maintenance and establishment *
of the board, including the payment of salaries
as provided in this title.

Sec. 316. The powers and duties of the
board of mediation and conciliation created by
the act approved July 15, 1913, shall not
extend to any dispute which may be received
for hearing and decision by any adjustment
board or the labor board.

TITLE IV. AMENDMENTS TO INTERSTATE COM-
MEHCB ACT.

Sec. 400. The first four paragraphs of sec-
tion 1 of the interstate commerce act, as such
paragraphs appear in section 7 of the com-
merce court act, are hereby amended to read
as follows:

"(1) That the provisions of this act shall
apply to common carriers engaged in

"(a) The transportation of passengers or
property wholly by railroad or partly by rail-
road and partly by water when both are used
under a common control, management or ar-
rangement for continuous carriage or ship-
ment ; or

"(b) The transportation of oil or other com-
modity, except water and except natural or
artificial gas. by pipe line or partly by pip
line and partly fay railroad or by water; or

"(c) The transmission of intelligence by
wire or wireless

"From one state or territory of the United
States or the District of Columbia to any other
state or territory of the United States or the
District of Columbia, or from one place in a
territory to another .place in the same terri-
tory, or from any place in the United States
through a foreign country to any other place
in the United States, or from or to any place
in the United States to or from a foreign coun-
try, but only in so far as such transportation
or transmission takes place within the United
States.

"(2) The provisions of this act shall also
apply to such transp9rtation of passengers and
property and transmission of intelligence, but

j' in so far as such transportation or trans-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK F0R 1921.

121

mission takes place within the United States,
but shall not apply

"(a) To the transportation of passengers or
property or to the receiving 1 , delivering, stor-
age or handling- of property, wholly within
one state and not shipped to or from a for-
eign country from or to any place in the
United States as aforesaid:

"(b) To the transmission of intelligence by
wire or wireless wholly within one state and
not transmitted to or from a foreign country
from or to any place in the United States as
aforesaid ; or

"(c) To the transportation of passengers or
property by a carrier by water where such
transportation would not be subject to the pro-
visions of this act except for the fact that
such carrier absorbs, out of its port-to-port
water rates or out of its proportional through
rates, any switching, terminal, lighterage, car
rental, trackage, handling or other charges by
a rail carrier for services within the switch-
ing-, drayage. lighterage or corporate limits of
a port terminal or district.

"(3) The term 'common carrier' as used
in this act shall include all pipe-line compa-
nies; telegraph, telephone and cable compa-
nies operating by wire or wireless; express
companies; sleeping-car companies; and all per-
sons, natural or artificial, engaged in such,
transportation or transmission as aforesaid
as common carriers for hire. Wherever the
word 'carrier' is used in this act it shall be
held to mean 'common carrier.' The term
'railroad' as used in this act shall include
all bridges, car floats, lighters and ferries
used by or operated in connection with any
railroad and also all the road in use by any
common carrier operating- a railroad, whether
owned or operated under a contract, agree-
ment or lease, and also all switches, spurs,
tracks, terminals and terminal facilities of
every kind used or necessary in the transporta-
tion of the persons or property designated
herein, including all freight depots, yards and
grounds, used or necessary in the transporta-
tion or delivery of any such property. The
term 'transportation' as used in this act shall
include locomotives, cars and other vehicles,
vessels and all instrumentalities and facilities
of shipment or carriage, irrespective of owner-
ship or of any contract, express or implied,
for the use thereof and all services in con-
nection with the receipt, delivery, elevation
and transfer in transit, ventilation, refrigera-
tion or icing, storage and handling of prop-
erty transported. The term 'transmission' as
used in this act shall include the transmission
of intelligence through the application of elec-
trical energy or other use of electricity,
whether by means of wire, cable, radio ap-
paratus or other wire or wireless conductors
or appliances and all instrumentalities and fa-
cilities for and services in connection with the
receipt, forwarding and deliyery of messages,
communications or other intelligence so trans-
mitted, hereinafter also collective!Iy called

"(4) It shall be the duty of every common
carrier subject to this act engaged in the
transportation of passengers or property to
provide and. furnish such transportation upon
reasonable request therefor, and to establish
through routes and just and reasonable rates,
fares and charges applicable thereto, and to
provide reasonable facilities for operating
through routes and to make reasonable rules
and regulations with respect to the opera-
tion of through routes and providing- for rea-
sonable compensation to those entitled thereto;
and in- case of joint rates, fares or charges,
to establish just, reasonable and equitable divi-
sions thereof as between the carriers subject
to this act participating therein which shall

not unduly prefer or prejudice any of such
participating- carriers.

"(5) All charges made for any service ren-
dered or to be rendered in the transportation
of passengers or property or in the trans-
mission of intelligence by wire or wireless as
aforesaid, or in connection therewith, shall be
just and reasonable and every unjust and un-
reasonable charge for such service or any part
thereof is prohibited and declared to be un-
lawful: Provided, That messages by wire or
wireless subject to the provisions of this act
may be classified into day. night, repeated,
unrepeated letter, commercial, press, govern-
ment and such other classes as are just and
reasonable, and different rates may be charged
for the different classes of messages: And pro-
vided further. That nothing in this act shall
be construed to prevent telephone, telegraph
and cable companies from entering- into con-
tracts with common carriers for the exchange
of services.

"(6) It is hereby made the dutr of all
common carriers subject to the provisions of
this act to establish, observe and enforce just
and reasonable classifications of property for
transportation, with reference to which rates,
tariffs, regulations or practices are or may
be made or prescribed and just and reason-
able regulations and practices affecting clas-
sifications, rates or tariffs, the issuance, form
and substance of tickets, receipts and bills
of lading, the manner and method of present-
ing, marking, packing and delivering property
for transportation, the facilities for transpor-
tation, the carrying of personal, sample and
excess baggage and all other matters relating-
to or connected with the receiving, handling,
transporting, storing and delivery of property
subject to the provisions of this act which
may be necessary or proper to secure the safe
and prompt receipt, handling, transportation
and delivery of property subject to the pro-
visions of this act upon just and reasonable
terms, and every unjust and unreasonable
classification, regulation/ and practice is pro-
hibited and declared to be unlawful."

Sec. 401. The fifth, sixth and seventh para-
graphs of section 1 of the interstate com-
merce act, as such paragraphs appear in sec-
tion 7 of the commerce court act, are hereby
amended by inserting "(7)" at the beginning
of such fifth paragraph, "(8)" at the be-
ginning of such sixth paragraph and "(9)"
at the beginning of such seventh paragraph.

Sec. 402. The paragraphs added to section
1 of the interstate commerce act by the act
entitled "An act to amend an act entitled
'An act to regulate commerce,' as amended, in
respect of car service and for other purposes,"
approved May 29, 1917. are hereby amended
to read as follows:

"(10) The term 'car service' in this act
shall include the use, control, supply, move-
ment, distribution, exchange, interchange and
return of locomotives, cars and other vehicles
used in the transportati9n of property, includ-
ing special types of equipment and the supply
of trains, by any carrier by railroad subject
to this act.

"(11) It shall be the duty of every carrier
by railroad subject to this act to furnish safe
and adequate car service and to establish, ob-
serve and enforce just and reasonable rules,
regulations and practices with respect to car
service; and every unjust and unreasonable
rule, regulation and practice with respect to car
service is prohibited and declared to be un-
lawful.

"(12) It shall also be the duty of every car-
rier by railroad to make just and reasonable
distribution of cars for transportation of coal
among the coal mines served by it, whether
located upon its line or lines or customarily
dependent upon it for car supply. During

122

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

any period when the supply of cars available
for sueh service does not equal the require-
ments of such mines it shall be the duty of the
carrier to maintain and apply just and reason-
able ratings of such mines and to count each
and every car furnished to or used by any such
mine for transportation of coal against the
mine. Failure or refusal so to do shall be un-
lawful, and in respect of each car not so
counted shall be deemed a separate offense, and
the carrier, receiver or operating trustee so
failing or refusing shall forfeit to the United
States the sum of $100 for each offense,
which may be recovered in a civil action
brought by the United States.

"(13) The commission is hereby authorized
by general or special orders to require all
carriers by railroad subject to this act, or any
of them, to file with it from time to time
their rules and regulations with respect to car
service, and the commission may in its dis-
cretion direct that such rules and regulations
shall be incorporated in their schedules show-
ing rates, fares and charges for transporta-
tion, and be subject to any or all of the pro-
visions of this act relating thereto.

"(14) The commission may, after hearing-,
on a complaint or upon its own initiative
without complaint, establish reasonable rules,
regulations and practices with respect to car
service by carriers by railroad subject to this
act, including the compensation to be paid
for the use of any locomotive, car or other
vehicle not owned by the carrier using it and
the penalties or other sanctions for nonobserv-
ance of such rules, regulations or practices.

"(15) Whenever the commission is of opin-
ion that shortage of equipment, congestion of
traffic or other emergency requiring immediate
action exists in any section of the country, the
commission shall have and it is hereby given
authority, either upon complaint or upon its
own initiative without complaint, at once, if
it so orders, without answer or other formal
pleading by the interested carrier or carriers,
and with or without notice, hearing or the
making or filing of a report, according as the
commission may determine: (a) to suspend
the operation of - any or all rules, regulations
or practices then established witk respect to
car service for such time as may be determined
by the commission; (b) to make such just and
reasonable directions with respect to car serv-
ice without regard to the ownership as be-
tween carriers of locomotives, cars and other
vehicles during such emergency as in its opin-
ion will best promote the service in the in-
terest of the public and the commerce of the
people, upon such terms of compensation as
between the carriers as tr-^y may agree upon
or in the event of their disagreement, as the
commission may il'ter subsequent hearing fii.d
to be just and reasonable; (c) to require such
joint or common use of terminals, including
main-line track or tracks for a reasonable dis-
tance outside of such terminals, as in its
opinion will best meet the emergency and serve
the public interest, and upon such terms as be-
tween the carriers as they may agree upon or,
in the event of their disagreement, as the com-
mission may after subsequent hearing find to
be just and reasonable; and (d) to give direc-
tions for preference or priority in transporta-
tion, embargoes or movement of traffic under
permits, at such time and for such periods as
it may determine, and to modify, change, sus-
pend or annul them. In time of war or threat-
ened war the president may certify to the com-
mission that it is essential to the national
defense and security that certain traffic shall
have preference or priority in transportation
and the commission shall under power herein
conferred direct that such preference or pri-
ority be afforded

"(16) Whenever the commission is of opin-

ion that any carrier by railroad subject to this
act is for any reason unable to transport the
traffic offered it so as properly to serve the
public, it may upon the same procedure as
provided in paragraph (15) make such just
and reasonable directions with respect to the
handling, routing and movement of the traffic
of such carrier and its distribution over other
lines of roads, as in the opinion of the com-
mission will best prpmote the service in the
interest of the public and the commerce of
the people, and upon such terms as between
the carriers as they may agree upon, or, in
the event of their disagreement, as the commis-
sion may after subsequent hearing find to be
just and reasonable.

"(17) The directions of the commission as
to car service and to the matters referred to
in paragraphs (15) and (16) may be made
through and by such agents or agencies as
the commission shall designate and appoint ior
that purpose. It shall be the duty of all
carriers by railroad subject to this act and of
their officers, agents and employes to obey
strictly and conform promptly to such orders
or directions of the commission and in case of
failure or refusal on the part ol any carrier,
receiver or operating trustee to comply with
any such order or direction such carrier, re-
ceiver or trustee shall be liable to a penalty
of not less than $100 nor more than $500 for
each such offense and $50 for each and every-
day of continuance of such offense, which
shall accrue to the United States and may be
recovered in a civil action brought by the
United States: Provided, however, That noth-
ing in this act shall impair or affect the right
of a state in the exercise of its police power
to require just and reasonable freight and pas-
senger service for iiitrastate business, except
in so far as such requirement is inconsistent
with any lawful order of the commission made
under the provisions of this act.

"(18) After ninety days after this para-
graph takes effect no carrier by railroad sub-
ject to this act shall undertake the extension
of its line of railroad or the construction of
a new line of railroad or shall acquire or
operate any line of railroad or extension
thereof or shall engage in transportation under
this act over or by means of such additional
or extended line of railroad, unless and until
there shall first have been obtained from the
commission a certificate that the present or
future public convenience and necessity require
or will require the construction or operation,
or construction and operation, of such addi-
tional or extended line of railroad, and no car-
rier by railroad subject to this act shall aban-
don all or any portion of a line of railroad,
or the operation thereof, unless and until thera
shall first have been obtained from the com-
mission a certificate that the present or future
public convenience and necessity permit of
such abandonment.

"(19) The application for and issuance of
any such certificate shall be under such rules
and regulations as to hearings and other mat-
ters as the commission may from time to time
prescribe, and the provisions of this act shall
apply to all such proceedings. Upon receipt
of any application for such certificate the
commission shall cause notice thereof to be
given to and a copy filed with the governor of
each state in which such additional or extend-
ed line of railroad is proposed to be construct-
ed or operated or all or any portion of a line
of railroad, or the operation thereof, is pro-
posed to be abandoned with the right to be
heard as hereinafter provided with respect to
the hearing of complaints or the issuance of
securities; and said notice shall also be pub-
lished for three consecutive weeks in some
newspaper of general circulation in each coun-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

123

ty in or through which said line of railroad
is constructed or operates.

"(20) The commission shall have power to
issue such certificate as prayed for or to re-
fuse to issue it 9r to issue it for a portion or
portions of a line of railroad, or extension
thereof, described in the application or for
the partial exercise only of such right or privi-
lege and may attach to the issuance of the
certificate such terms and conditions as in its
judgment the public convenience and neces-
sity may require. From and after issuance
of such certificate, and not before, the carrier
by railroad may, without securing' approval
other than such certificate, comply with the
terms and conditions contained in or attached
to the issuance of such certificate and proceed
with the construction, operation or aban-
donment covered thereby. Any construction,
operation or abandonment contrary to the pro-
visions of this paragraph or of paragraph
(18) or (19) of this section may.be enjoined
by any court of competent jurisdiction at the
suit of the United States, the commission, any
commission or regulating- body of the state
or states affected, or any party in interest ;
and any carrier which, or any director, officer,
receiver, operating trustee, lessee, agent or
person acting for or employed by such car-
rier, who knowingly authorizes, consents to
or permits any violation of the provisions of
this paragraph or of paragraph (18) of this
section, shall upon conviction thereof be pun-
ished by a fine of not more than $5.000 or by
imprisonment for not more than three years,
or both.

"(21) The commission may, after hearing,
in a proceeding upon complaint or upon its
own initiative without complaint, authorize
or require by order any carrier by railroad sub-
ject to this act, party to such proceeding, to
provide itself with safe and adequate facilities
for performing as a common carrier its car
service as that term is used in this act and
to extend its line or lines: Provided, That no
such authorization or order shall be made
unless the commission finds, as to such exten-
sion, that it is reasonably required in the
interest of public convenience and necessity or
as to such extension or facilities that the ex-
pense involved therein will not impair the
ability of the carrier to perform its duty to
the public. Any carrier subject to this act
which refuses or neglects to comply with any
order of the commission made in pursuance of
this paragraph shall be liable to a penalty of
$100 for each day during which such refusal
or neglect continues, which shall accrue to tb-
United States and may be recovered in a civil
action brought by the United States.

"(22) The authority of the commission
conferred by paragraphs (18) to (21), both
inclusive, shall not extend to the construction
or abandonment of spur, industrial, team,
switching or side tracks, located or to be
located wholly within one state, or of street,
suburban or intertirban electric railways,
which are not operated as a part or parts of
a general steam railroad system of transporta-

Sec. 403. The fifteenth and sixteenth para-
graphs of section 1 of the interstate commerce
act, added to such section by the act entitled
"An act to amend the act to regulate com-
merce, as amended, and for other purposes,"
approved Aug. 10, 1917, are hereby amended
by inserting "(23)" at the beginning of such
fifteenth paragraph and "(24)" at the be-
ginning of such sixteenth paragraph.

Sec. 404. Section 2 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 2. That if any common carrier subject
to the provisions of this act shall, directly or
indirectly, by any special rate, rebate, draw-
back or other device, charge, demand, collect

or receive from any person or persons a great-
er or less compensation for any service ren-
dered or to be rendered, in the transportation
of passengers or property or the transmission
of intelligence, subject to the provisions of
this act, than it charges, demands, collects or
receives from any other person or persons for
doing for him or them a like and contempo-
raneous service in the transportation or trans-
mission of a like kind of traffic or message
under substantially similar circumstances and
conditions, such common carrier shall be
deemed guilty of unjust discrimination, which
is hereby prohibited and declared to be un-
lawful."

Sec. 405. The first paragraph of section 3
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by inserting "(1)" after tine section
number at the beginning thereof.

Section 3 of the interstate commerce act ic
hereby amended by adding after the first para-
graph a new paragraph to read as follows:

"(2) From and after July 1, 1920. no car-
rier by railroad subject to the provisions of
this act shall deliver or relinquish possession
at destination of any freight transported by it
until all tariff rates and charges thereon have
been paid, except under such rules and regu-
lations as the commission may from time to
time prescribe to assure prompt payment of
all such rates and charges and to prevent
unjust discrimination: Provided. That the pro-
visions of this paragraph shall not be con-
strued to prohibit any carrier from extending
credit in connection with rates and charges
on freight transported for the United States,
for any department, bureau or agency thereof,
or for any state or territory or political sub-
division thereof, or for the District of Colum-
bia."

The second paragraph of section 3 of the
interstate commerce act is hereby amended to
read as follows:

"(3) All carriers, engaged in the transporta-
tion of passengers or property, subject to the
provisions of this act, shall, according to their
respective powers, afford all reasonable, prop-
er and equal facilities for the interchange of
traffic between their respective lines and for
the receiving, forwarding and delivering of
passengers or property to and from their sev-
eral- lines and those connecting therewith, and
shall not discriminate in their rates, fares and
charges between such connecting lines, or un-
duly prejudice any such connecting line in the
distribution of traffic that is not specifically
routed by the shipper.

"(4) If the commission finds it to be in the
public interest and to be practicable, without
substantially impairing- the ability of a carrier
owning or entitled to the enjoyment of ter-
minal facilities to handle its own business, it
shall have power to require the use of any
such terminal facilities, including main line
track or tracks for a reasonable distance out-
side of such terminal, of any carrier, by an-
other carrier or other carriers, on such terms
and for such compensation as the carriers af-
fected may agree upon, or in the event of a
failure to agree, as the commission may fix
as just and reasonable for the use so required,
to be ascertained on the principle controlling
compensation in condemnat'on proceedings.
Such compensation shall be paid or adequately
secured before the enjoyment of the use may
be commenced. If under this paragraph the
use of such terminal facilities of any carrier
is required to be given to another carrier or
other carriers? and the carrier whose terminal
facilities are required to be so usi-d is not
satisfied with the terms fixed for such use, or
if tbe amount of compensation so fixed is not
duly and promptly paid, the carrier whose ter-
minal facilities have thus been required to be
given to another carrier or other carriers shall

124

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

be entitle! to recover, by suit or action
against such other carrier or oai'riers. proper
damages for any injuries sustained by it as
the result of compliance with such require-
ment, or just compensation for such use, or
both, as the case may be."

Sec. 406. Section 4 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended to read as follows :

"Sec. 4. (1) That it shall be unlawful for
any common carrier subject to the provisions
of this act to charge or receive any greater
compensation in the aggregate for the trans-
portation of passengers, or of like kind of
property, for a shorter than for a longer dis-
tance over the same line or route in the same
direction, the shorter being included within
the longer distance, or to charge any greater
compensation as a through rate than the
aggregate of the intermediate rates subject to
the provisions of this act, but this shall not
be construed as authorizing any common car-
rier within the terms of this act to charge or
receive as great compensation for a shorter
as for a longer distance: Provided. That upon
application to the commission such common
carrier may in special cases, after investiga-
tion, be authorized by the commission to charge
less for longer than for shorter distances for
the transportation of passengers or property;
and the commission may from time to time
prescribe the extent to which such designat-
ed common carrier may be relieved from the
operation of this section; but in exercising the
authority conferred upon it in this proviso the
commission shall not permit the establishment
of any charge to or from the more distant
point that is not reasonably compensatory for
the service performed; and if a circuitous rail
line or route is, because of such circuity,
granted authority to meet the charges of a
more direct line or route to or from com-
petitive points and to maintain higher charges
to or from intermediate points on its line, the
authority shall not include intermediate points
as to which the haul of the petitioning line or
route is not longer than that of the direct
line or route between the competitive points;
and no such authorization shall be granted on
account of merely potential water competition
not actually in existence: And provided fur-
ther, That rates, fares or charges existing at
the time of the passage of this amendatory
act by virtue of prders of the commission or
as to which application has theretofore been
filed with the commiesion and not yet acted
upon, shall not be required to be changed by
reason of the provisions of this section until
the further order of or a determination by
the commission.

"(2) Wherever a carrier by railroad shall
in competition with a water route or routes
reduce the rates on the carriage of any species
of freight to or from competitive points it
shall not be permitted to increase such rates
unless after hearing by the commission it
shall be found that such proposed increase
rests upon changed conditions other than the
elimination of water competition."

Sec. 407. The first paragraph of section 5
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 5. (1) That, except upon specific ap-
proval by order of the commission as in this
section provided, and except as prpvided in
paragraph (16) of section 1 of this act, it
shall be unlawful for any common carrier
subject to this act to enter into any contract,
agreement or combination with any other com-
mon carrier or carriers for the pooling of
freights of different and competing railroads.
or to divide between them the aggregate or
net proceeds of the earnings of such railroads,
or any portion thereof: and in any case of an
agreement for the pooling of freights as afore-
said each day of its continuance shall be

deemed a separate offense : Provided, That
whenever the commission is of opinion, after
hearing upon application of any carrier or
carrier* oagaged in the transportation of pas-
sengers or property subject to this act or upon
its own initiative, that the division of their
traffic or earnings, to the extent indicated by
the commission, will be in the interest of
better service to the public or economy in
operation, and will not unduly restrain compe-
tition, the commission shall have authority by
order to approve and authorize, if assented to
by all the carriers involved, such division of
traffic or earnings, under such rules and regu-
lations and for such consideration as between
such carriers and upon such terms and con-
ditions, as shall be found by the commission
to be just and reasonable in the premises.

"(2) Whenever the commission is of opin-
ion, after hearing, upon application of any
carrier or carriers engaged in the transporta-
tion of passengers or property subject to this
act, that the acquisition to the extent indicated
by the commission by one of such carriers of
the control of any other such carrier or car-
riers either under a lease or by the purchase
of stock or in any other manner not involving-
the consolidation of such carriers into a single
system for ownership and operation, will be
in the public interest, the commission shall
have authority by order to approve and au-
thorize such acquisition, under such rules and
regulations and for such consideration and on
such terms and conditions as shall be found by
the commission to be just and reasonable in
the premises.

"(3) The commission may from time to
time for good cause shown make such orders,
supplemental to any order made under para-
graph (1) or (2), as it may deem necessary
or appropriate.

"(4) The commission shall as soon as prac-
ticable prepare and adopt a plan for the con-
solidation of the railway properties of the con-
tinental United States into a limited number
of systems. In the division of such railways
into such systems under such plan, competi-
tion shall be preserved as fully as possible and
wherever practicable the existing routes and
channels of trade and commerce shall be main-
tained Subject to the foregoing requirements,
the several systems shall be so arranged that
the cost of transportation as between competi-
tive systems and as related to the values of
the properties through which the service is
rendered shall be the same, so far as prac-
ticable, so that these systems can employ uni-
form rates in the movement of competitive
traffic and under efficient management earn
substantially the same rate of return upon the
value of their respective railway properties.

"(5) When the commission has agreed upon
a tentative plan, it shall give the same due
publicity and upon reasonable notice, including
notice to the erovernor of each state, shall hear
all persons who may file or present objections
thereto. The commission is authorized to pre-
scribe a procedure for such hearings and to
fix a time for bringing them to a close. After
the hearings are at an end the commission
shall adopt a plan for such consolidation and
publish the same; but it may at any time
thereafter, upon its own motion or upon appli-
cation, reopen the subject for such changes
or modifications as in its judgment will pro-
mote the public interest. The consolidations
herein provided for shall be in harmony with
such plan.

"(6) It shall be lawful for two or more
carriers by railroad, subject to this act. to
consolidate their properties or any part thereof,
into one corporation for the ownership, man-
agement and operation of the properties there-
tofore in separate ownership, management and
operation, under the following conditions:

ALMANAC AND YfcAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

125

"(a) The proposed consolidation must be in
harmony with and in furtherance of the com-
plete plan of consolidation mentioned in para-
graph (5) and must be approved by the com-
mission;

"(b) The bonds at par of the corporation
which is to become the owner of the consoli-
dated properties, together with the outstand-
ing- capital stock at par of such corporation,
shall not exceed the value of the consolidated
properties as determined by the commission.
The value of the properties sought to be con-
solidated shall be ascertained by the commis-
sion under section 19a of this act and it shall
be the duty of the commission to proceed
immediately to the ascertainment of such
value for the properties involved in a pro-
posed consolidation upon the filing of the
application for such consolidation.

"(c) Whenever two or more carriers pro-
pose a consolidation under this section, they
shall present their application therefor to the
commission, and thereupon the commission
shall notify the governor of each state in
which any part of the properties sought to be
consolidated is situated and the carriers in-
volved in the proposed consolidation, of the
time and place for a public hearing. If after
such hearing the commission finds that the
public interest will be promoted by the con-
solidation and that the conditions of this sec-
tion have been or will be fulfilled, it may
enter an order approving and authorizing such
consolidation, with such modifications and
upon such terms and conditions as it may pre-
scribe, and thereupon such consolidation may
be effected, in accordance with such order, if
all the carriers involved assent thereto, the law
of any state or the decision or order of any
state authority to the contrary notwithstand-
ing.

"(7) The power and authority of the com-
mission to approve and authorize the consoli-
dation of two or more carriers shall extend
and apply to the consolidation of four express
companies into the American Railway Express
company, a Delaware corporation, if applica-
tion for such approval and authority is made
to the commission within thirty days after the
passage of this amendatory act: and pending
the decision of the commission such consolida-
tion shall not be dissolved.

"(8) The carriers affected by any order made
under the foregoing provisions of this section
and any corporation organized to effect a con-
solidation approved and authorized in such
order shall be and they are hereby relieved
from the operation of the 'antitrust laws,' as
designated in section 1 of the act entitled 'An
act to supplement existing laws against un-
lawful restraints and monopolies, and for other
purposes.' approved Oct. 15, ,1914. and of all
other restraints or prohibitions by law, state
or federal, in so far as may be necessary, to
enable them to do anything authorized or re-
quired by any order made under and pursuant
to the foregoing provisions of this section."

Sec. 408. The paragraph of section 5 of the
interstate commerce act. added to such section
by section 11 of the act entitled "An act to
provide for the opening, maintenance, protec-
tion and operation of the Panama canal and
the sanitation and government of the Canal
Zone," approved Aug 24, 1912, is hereby
amended by inserting "(9)" at the beginning
thereof.

The two paragraphs of section 11. of such
act of Aug. 24, 1912, which follow the para-
graph added by such section to section 5 of
the interstate commerce act. are hereby made
a part of section 5 of the interstate commerce
act. The first paragraph so made a part of
section 5 of the interstate commerce act is
hereby amended by inserting "(10)" at the
beginning thereof and the second such para-

graph is hereby amended by inserting "ll)' f
at the beginning thereof

Sec. 409. Section 6 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting-
(1) after the section number at the begin-
ning of the first paragraph. "(2)" at the
beginning of the second paragraph, "(3)" at
the beginning of the third paragraph "(4)"
at the beginning of the fourth paragraph
f " a J the beginning of the nfth paragraph]

(6) at the beginning of the sixth paragraph

(7) at the beginning of the seventh para-
graph. (8) ' at the beginning of the eighth
paragraph, "(9)" at the beginning of the ninth
paragraph. "(10)" at the beginning of the
tenth paragraph. "(11)" at the beginning of
the eleventh paragraph. "(12)" at the begin-
ning of the twelfth paragraph, and "(13)" at
the beginning of the thirteenth paragraph

Sec 410. The third paragraph of section 6
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by striking out the period at the
end thereof and inserting in lieu thereof a
colon and the following: "Provided further.
That the commission is hereby authorized to
make suitable rules and regulations for the
simplification of schedules of rates, fare*,
charges and classifications and to permit in
such rules and regulations the filing of an
amendment of or change in any rate, fare,
charge or classification without filing complete
schedules covering rates, fares, chargfes or
classifications not changed if. in its judgment,
not inconsistent with the public interest."

Sec. 411. The seventh paragraph of section
6 of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by striking out the proviso at the end.

Sec. 412. The two paragraphs under (a) of
the thirteenth paragraph of section 6 of the
interstate commerce act are hereby amended
so as to be combined into one paragraph to
read as follows:

"(a) To establish physical connection be-
tween the lines of the rail carrier and the dock
at which interchange of passenger or property
is to be made by directing the rail carrier to
make suitable connection between its line and
a track or tracks which have been constructed
from the dock to the limits of the railroad
right of way, or by directing either or both the
rail and water carrier, individually or in con-
nection with one another, to construct and
connect with the lines of the rail carrier a
track or tracks to the dock The commission
shall have full authority to determine and pre-
scribe the terms and conditions upon which
these connecting tracks shall be operated, and
it may. either in the construction or the opera-
tion of such tracks, determine what sum shall
be paid to or by either carrier: Provided.
That construction required by the commission
under the provisions of this paragraph shall
be subject to the same restrictions as to find-
ings of public convenience and necessity and
other matters as its construction required
under section 1 of this act "

Sec. 413. Paragraph (c) of the thirteenth
paragraph of section 6 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended to read as
follows:

"(c) To establish proportional rates or max-
imum or minimum, or maximum and minimum,
proportional rates, by rail to and from the
ports to which the traffic is brought, or from
which it is taken by the water carrier, and to
determine to what traffic and in connection
with what vessels and upon what terms and
conditions such rates shall apply. By propor-
tional rates are meant those which differ from
the corresponding local rates to and from the
port and which apply only to traffic which has
been brought to the port or is carried from
the port by a common carrier by water "

Sec. 414 Section 10 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting

136

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

"(1)" after the section number at the begin-
ning- of the first paragraph, "(2)" at the be-
ginning- of the second paragraph, "(3)" at the
beginning- of the third paragraph, and "(4)"
at the beginning: of the fourth paragraph, and
by inserting- after the words "transportation
of passengers or property," in the proviso in
the first paragraph thereof, the words "or the
transmission of intelligence."

Sec. 415. Section 12 of the interstate com
merce act is hereby amended by inserting-
"(1)" after the section number at the begin-
ning- of the first paragraph, "(2)" at the be-
ginning- of the second paragraph, "(3)" at the
beginning- of the third paragraph, "(4)" at
the beginning- of the fourth paragraph, "(5)"
at the beginning- of the fifth paragraph, "(6)"
at the beginning- of the sixth paragraph, and
"(7)'* at the beginning- of the seventh para-
graph.

Sec. 416. Section 13 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting-
"(1)" after the Section number at the begin-
ning- of the first paragraph and "(2)" at the
beginning- of the second paragraph, and by
adding- at the end thereof two new paragraphs
to read as follows:

"(3) Whenever in any investigatipn under
the provisions of this act, or in any investiga-
tion instituted upon petition of the carrier
concerned, which petition is hereby authorized
to be filed, there shall be brought in issue any
rate, fare, charg-e, classification, regulation or
practice, made or imposed by authority of any
state, or initiated by. the president during the
period of federal control, the commission, before
proceeding to hear and dispose of such issue,
shall cause the state or states interested to be
notified of the proceeding. The commission
may confer with the authorities of any state
having- regulatory jurisdiction over the class
of persons and corporations subject to this act
with respect to the relationship between rate
structures and practices of carriers subject to
the jurisdiction of such state b9dies and of
the commission; and to that end is authorized
and empowered under rules to be prescribed
by it, and which may be modified from time
to time, to hold joint hearings with any such
state regulating bodies on any matters wherein
the commission is empowered to act and where
the rate-making authority of a state is or may
be affected by the action taken by the com-
mission. The commission is also authorized to
avail itself of the* co-operation, services, rec-
ords and facilities ol such state authorities in
the enforcement of any provision of this act.

"(4) Whenever in any such investigation the
commission after full hearing finds that any
such rate, fare, charge, classification, regula-
tion or practice causes any undue or unrea-
sonable advantage, preference or prejudice as
between persons or localities in intrastate com-
merce on the one hand and interstate or for-
eign commerce on the other hand, or any
undue, unreasonable or unjust discrimination
against interstate or foreig-n commerce, which
is hereby forbidden and declared to be unlaw-
ful, it shall prescribe the rate, fare or charge,
or the maximum or mrnimum, or maximum
and minimum, thereafter to be charged and the
classification, regulation or practice thereafter
to be observed, in such manner as, in its judg-
ment, will remove such advantage, preference,
prejudice or discrimination. Such rates, fares,
charges, classifications, regulations and prac-
tices shall be observed while in effect by the
carriers parties to such proceeding affected
thereby, the law of any state or the decision
or order of any state authority to the con-
trary notwithstanding."

Sec.. 417. Section 14 of the interstate com-
merce art is hereby amended by inserting
"/!)" after the section num&er at the begin-
ning- of the first paragraph, ""'(2)" at the be-

ginning- of the second paragraph, and "(3)" at
the beginning- of the third paragraph.

Sec. 418. The first four paragraphs of sec-
tion 15 of the interstate commerce act are
hereby amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 15. (1) That whenever, after full hear-
ing 1 , upon a complaint made as provided in
section 13 of this act, or after full hearing-
under an order for investigation and hearing
made by the commission on its own initiative,
either in extension of any pending complaint
or without any complaint whatever, the com-
mission shall be of opinion that any individual
or joint rate, fare or charge whatsoever de-
manded, charged or collected by any common
carrier or carriers subject to this act for the
transportation of persons or property or for
the transmission of messages as defined in the
first sectipn of this act, or that any individ-
ual or joint classification, regulation or prac-
tice whatsoever of such carrier or carriers
subject to the provisions of this act, is or will
be unjust or unreasonable or unjustly dis-
criminatory or unduly preferential or preju-
dicial, or otherwise in violation of any of the
provisions of this act, the commission is here-
by authorized and empowered to determine and
prescribe what will be the just and reasonable
individual or joint rate, fare or charge, or
rates, fares or charges, to be thereafter ob-
served in such cass, or the maximum or mini-
mum, or maximum and minimum, to be
charged (or in the case of a through route
where one of the carriers is a water line, the
maximum rates, fares and charges applicable
thereto), and what individual or joint classifi-
cation, regulation or practice is or will be
just, fair and reasonable to be thereafter fol-
lowed, and to make an order that the carrier
or carriers shall cease and desist from such
violation to the extent to which the commis-
sion finds that the same does or win exist,
and shall not thereafter publish, demand or
collect any rate, fare or charge for such trans-
portation or transmiss ; on other than the rate,
fare or charge so prescribed or in excess of
the maximum or less than the minimum so
prescribed, as the case may be, and shall adopt
the classification and shall conform to and
observe the regulation or practice so prescribed.
"(2) Except as otherwise provided in this
act, all orders of the commission other than
orders f9r the payment of money shall take
effect within such reasonable time, not less
than thirty days, and shall continue in force
until its further order, or for a specified period
of time according- as shall be prescribed in
the order, unless the same shall be suspended
or modified or set aside by the commission,
or be suspended or set aside by a court of
competent jurisdiction.

"(3) The commission may and it shall
whenever deemed by it to be necessary or
desirable in the public interest, after full iiear-
"ng- upon complaint or upon its own initiative
vithout a complaint, establish through routes,
joint classifications and joint rates, fares or
charg-es. applicable to the transportation of
passengers or property, or the maxima or
minima, or maxima and minima, to be charged
(or in the case of a through route where one
of the carriers is a water line, the maximum
rates, fares and charges applicable thereto),
and the divisions of such rates, fares or
charges as hereinafter provided and the terms
and conditions under which such throug-h
routes shall be operated: and this provision,
xcept as herein otherwise provided, shall
apply when one of the carriers is a water line.
The commission shall not. however, establish
any through route, classification or practice,
or any rate, fare 9r charge between street
electric passeng-er railways not eng-ag-ed in the
g-eneral business of transporting- freight in ad-
dition to their passengrer and express business.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

127

and railroads of a different character; nor
shall the commission have the right to estab-
lish any route, classification or practice, or
any rate, fare or charge when the transporta-
tion is wholly by water, and any transporta-
tion by water affected by this act shall be sub-
ject to the laws and regulations applicable to
transportation by water.

"(4) In establishing any such through route
the commission shall not (except as provided
in section 3, and except where one of the
carriers is a water line) require any carrier
by railroad, without its consent, to embrace in
such route substantially less than the entire
length of its railroad and of any intermediate
railroad operated in conjunction and under a
common management or control therewith,
which lies between the termini of such pro-
posed through route, unless such inclusion of
lines would make the through route unrea-
sonably long as compared with another prac-
ticable through route which could otherwise
be established: Provided. That in time of
shortage of equipment, congestion of traffic
or other emergency declared by the commission
it may (either upon complaint or upon its
own initiative without complaint, at once, if
it so orders, without answer or other formal
pleadings by the interested carrier or carriers,
and with or without notice, hearing: or the
making or filing of a report, according- as the
commission may determine) establish tempo-
rarily such through routes as in its opinion
are necessary or desirable in the public
interest.

"(5) Transportation wholly by railroad of
ordinary live stock in carload lots destined to
or received at public stockyards shall include
all necessary service of unloading and reload-
ing en route, delivery at public stockyards of
inbound shipments into suitable pens, and
receipt and loading at such yards of outbound
shipments, without extra charge therefor to
the shipper, consignee or owner, except in
cases where the unloading or reloading en route
is at the request of the shipper, consignee or
owner, or to try an intermediate market, or
to comply with quarantine regulations. The
commission may prescribe or approve just
and reasonable rules governing each of such
excepted services. Nothing in this paragraph
shall be construed to affect the duties and
liabilities of the carriers now existing by vir-
tue of law respecting the transportation of
other than ordinary live stock, or the duty of
performing service as to shipments other than
those to or from public stockyards."

"(6) Whenever after full hearing upon com-
plaint or upon its own initiative, the commis-
sion is of opinion that the divisions of joint
rates, fares or charges applicable to the trans-
portation of passengers or property are or will
be unjust, unreasonable, inequitable or unduly
preferential or prejudicial as between the car-
riers parties thereto (whether agreed upon by
such carriers, or any of them, or otherwise
established), the commission shall by order
prescribe the just, reasonable and equitable
divisions thereof to be received by the several
carriers, and in cases where the joint rate,
fare or charge was established pursuant to a
finding or order of the commission and the
divisions thereof are found by it to have been
unjust, unreasonable or inequitable, or unduly
preferential or prejudicial, the commission may
also by order determine what (for the period
subsequent to the filing of the complaint or
petition or the making of the order of inves-
tigation) would have been the just, reasonable
and equitable divisions thereof to be received
by the several carriers and require adjustment
to be made in accordance therewith. In so
prescribing and determining the divisions of
joint rates, fares and charges the commission
shall give due consideration, among other

things, to the efficiency with which the car-
riers concerned are operated, the amount of
revenue required to pay their respective operat-
ing expenses, taxes and a fair return on their
railway property held for and used in the
service of transportation and the importance
to the public of the transportation service?
of such carriers: and also whether any par-
ticular participating carrier is an originating,
intermediate or delivering line, and any other
fact or circumstance which would ordinarily,
without regard to the mileage haul, entitle
one carrier to a greater or less proportion than
another carrier of the joint rate, fare or
charge.

"(7) Whenever there shall be filed with
the commission any schedule stating a new in-
dividual or joint rate, fare or charge, or any
new individual or joint classification, or any
new individual or joint regulation or practice
affecting any rate, fare or charge, the com-
mission shall have, and it is hereby given,
authority, either upon complaint or upon its
own initiative without complaint at once and.
if it so orders, without answer or other formal
pleading by the interested carrier or carriers,
but upon reasonable notice, to enter upon a
hearing concerning the lawfulness of such rate,
fare, charge, classification, regulation or prac-
tice; and pending such hearing and the deci-
sion thereon the commission, upon filing with
such schedule and delivering to the carrier or
carriers affected thereby a statement in writing
of its reasons for such suspension, may sus-
pend the operation of such schedule and defer
the use of such rate, fare, charge, classifica-
tion, regulation or practice, but not for a
longer period than 120 days beyond the time
when it would otherwise go into effect; and
after full hearing, whether completed before
or after the rate, fare, charge, classification,
regulation or practice goes into effect, the
commission may make such order with refer-
ence thereto as would be proper in a proceed-
ing initiated after it had become effective. If
any such hearing cannot be concluded within
the period of suspension, as above stated, the
commission may extend the time of suspension
for a further period not exceeding thirty days,
and if the proceeding has not been concluded
and an order made at the expiration of such
thirty days, the proposed change of rate. fare,
charge, classification, regulation or practice
shall go into effect at the end of such period,
but, in case of a proposed increased rate or
charge for or in respect to the transportation
of property, the commission may by order re-
quire the interested carrier or carriers to keep
accurate account in detail of all amounts re-
ceived by reason of such increase, specifying
by whom and in whose behalf such amounts
are paid, and upon completion of the hearing
and decision may by further order require the
interested carrier or carriers to refund, with
interest, to the persons in whose behalf such
amounts were paid such portion of such in-
creased rates or charges as by its decision shall
be found not justified. At any hearing involv-
ing a rate, fare or charge increased after
Jan. 1, 1910, or of a rate, fare or charge
sought to be increased after the passage of
this act. the burden of proof to show that the
increased rate, fare or charge, or proposed
increased rate, fare or charge, is just and rea-
sonable shall be upon the carrier and the com-
mission shall give to the hearing and decision
of such questions preference over all other
questions pending before it and decide the
same as speedily as possible."

Sec. 419. The fifth .paragraph of section 15
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by inserting "(8)" at the beginning
of such paragraph.

Sec. 420. Section 15 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting after

128

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

the fifth paragraph two new paragraphs, to
read as follows:

"(9) Whenever property is diverted or de-
livered by one carrier to another carrier con-
trary to routing: instructions in the bill of
lading-, unless such diversion or delivery is in
compliance with a lawful order, rule or regu
lation of the commission, such carriers shall,
in a suit or action in any court of competent
jurisdiction, be jointly and severally liable to
the carrier thus deprived of its right to par-
ticipate m the haul of the property for the
total amount of the rate or charge it would
have received had it participated in the haul
of the property. The carrier to which the
property is thus diverted shall not be liable
in such suit or action if it can show, the bur-
den of proof being: upon it, that before cany-
ing; the property it had no notice, by bill of
lading 1 , waybill or otherwise, of the routing 1
instructions. In any judgment which may be
rendered the plaintiff shall be allowed to
recover against the defendant a reasonable
attorney's fee to be taxed in the case.

"(10) With respect to traffic not routed by
the shipper, the commission may. whenever
the public interest and a fair distribution of
the traffic require, direct the route which such
traffic shall take after it arrives at the ter-
minus of one carrier or at a junction point
with another carrier, and is to be there deliv-
ered to another carrier"

Sec. 421. Section 15 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby further amended by in-
serting "(11)" at the beginning of the sixth
paragraph, "(12)" at the beginning of the
seventh paragraph. "(13)" at the beginning:
of the eighth paragraph, and "(14)" at the
beginning- of the ninth paragraph.

Sec. 422. The interstate commerce act is
further amended by inserting- after section 15
a new section to be known as section 15a and
to read as follows:

"Sec. 15a. (1) When used in this section
the term 'rates' means rates, fares and charges.
and all classi ti cations, regulations and practices
relating- thereto: the term 'carrier' means a
carrier by railroad or partly by railroad and
partly by water, within the continental United
States, subject to this act. excluding (a)
sleeping-car companies and express companies,
(b) street or suburban electric railways unless
operated as a part of a general steam railroad
system of transportation, (c) interurban elec-
tric railways unless operated as a part of a
general steam railroad system of transporta-
tion or engaged in the general transportation
of freight, and (d) any belt line railroad, ter-
minal switching railroad, or other terminal
facility owned exclusively and maintained,
operated and controlled by any state or polit-
ical subdivision thereof: and the term 'net
railway operating- income' means railway
operating income, including- in the computa-
tion thereof debits and credits arising from
equipment rents and joint facility rents.

"(2) In the exercise of its power to pre-
scribe just and reasonable rates the commis-
sion shall initiate, modify, establish or adjust
such rates so that carriers as a whole (or as
a whole in each of such rate groups or terri-
tories as the commission may from time to
time designate) will, under honest, efficient
and economical management and reasonable
expenditures for maintenance of way, struc-
tures and equipment, earn an aggregate annual
net railway operating income equal, as nearly
as may be, to a fair return upon the aggregate
value of the railway property of such car-
riers held for and used in the service of trans-
portation: Provided, That the commission
shall have reasonable latitude to modify or
adjust any particular rate which it may find
to be unjust or unreasonable, and to prescribe

different rates for different sections of the
country.

"(3) The commission shall from time to
time determine and make public what per-
centage of such aggregate property value con-
stitutes a fair return thereon, and such per-
centage shall be uniform for all rat? grou J
or territories which may be designated by the
commission. In making such determination it
shall give due consideration, among other
things, to the transportation needs of the
country and the necessity (under honest, effi-
cient and economical management of existing:
transportation facilities) of enlarging cuch
facilities in order to provide the people of the
United States with adequate transportation:
Provided, That during the two years begin-
ning March 1, 1920, the commission shall take
as such fair return a sum equal to 5% per
centum of such aggregate value, but may, in
its discretion, add thereto a sum not exceed-
ing one-half of 1 per centum of such aggre-
gate value to make provision in whole or in
part for improvements, betterments or equip-
ment, which, according to the accounting sys-
tem prescribed by the commission, are charge-
able to capital account.

"(4) For the purpose of this section, sucli
aggregate value of the property of the car-
riers shall be determined by the commission
from time to time and as often as may be
necessary. The commission may utilize the
results of its investigation under section 19a
of this act, in so far as deemed by it avail-
able, and shall give due consideration to all
the elements of value recognized by the law of
the land for rate-making purposes, and shall
give to the property investment account of
the carriers only that consideration which
under such law it is entitled to in establish-
ing values for rate-making purposes. When-
ever pursuant to section 19a of this act the
value of the railway property of any carrier
held for and used in the service of transporta-
tion has been finally ascertained, the value so
ascertained shall be deemed by the commission
to be the value thereof for the purpose of
determining such ap-Tegate value.

"(5) Inasmuch as it is impossible (without
regulation and control in the interest of the
commerce of the United States considered as
a whole) to establish uniform rates upon
competitive traffic which will adequately sus-
tain all the carriers which are engaged in such
traffic and- which are indispensable to the com-
munities to which they render the service
of transportation, without enabling; some of
such carriers to receive a net railway ope-
rating income substantially and unreasonably
in excess of a fair return upon the value ot
their railway property held for and usr-.d in
the service of transportation, it is hereby de-
clared that any carrier which receives such an
income so in excess of a fair return, shall hold
such part of the excess, as hereinafter pre-
scribed, as trustee for. and shall pay it to, the
United States.

"(6) If, under the provisions of this sec-
tion, any carrier receives for any year a net
railway operating income in excess of 6 peri
centum of the value of the railway property'
heJd for and used by it in the service
of transportation, one-half of such excess shall
be placed in a reserve fund established and
maintained by such carrier and the remaining 1
one-half thereof shall, within the first four
months following- the close of the period for
which such computation is made, be recover-
able by and paid to the commission for the
purpose of establishing- and maintaininer a
general railroad contingent fund as hereinafter
described. For the purposes of this paragraph
the value of the railway property and the net
railway operating income of a group of car-
riers, which the commission finds are under

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

129

common control and management and are
operated as a single system, shall be comput-
ed for the system as a whole irrespective of
the separate ownership and accounting 1 returns
of the various parts of such system. In the
case of any carrier which has accepted the
provisions of section 209 of this amendatory
act the provisions of this paragraph shall not
be applicable to the income for any period
prior to Sept. 1. 19*10, The value of such
railway property shall be Determined by th3
commission in the manner provided in para-
graph (4).

"(7) For the purpose of paying- dividends
or interest on its stocks, bonds or other se-
curities, or rent for leased roads, a carrier
may draw from the reserve fund established
and maintained by it under the provisions- of
this section to the extent that its net railway
operating- income for any year is less than a
eum equal to 6 per centum, of the value of
the railway property held for and used by it
in the service of transportation, determined
as provided in paragraph (6) ; but such fund
shall not be drawn upon for any other pur-
pose.

"(8) Such reserve fund need not be accumu-
lated and maintained by any carrier beyond n
sum equal to 5 per centum of the value of
its railway property determined as herein pro
vided. and when such fund is so accumulated
and maintained the portion of its excess in
come which the carrier is permitted to retain
under paragraph (6) may be used by it for
any lawful purpose.

"(9) The commission shall prescribe rules
and regulations for the determination and re-
covery of the excess income payable to it
under this section, and may require such se-
curity and prescribe such reasonable terms
and conditions in connection therewith as it
may find necessary. The commission shall
make proper adjustments to provide for the
computation of excess income for a portion
of a year, and for a year in which a change
in the percentage constituting- a iair return
or in the value of a carrier's railway property
becomes effective.

"(10) The general railroad contingent fund
so to be recoverable by and paid to the com-
mission and all accretions thereof shall 'he a
revolving fund and shall be administered by
the commission. It shall be used by the com-
mission in furtherance of the public interest
in railway transportation either by making
loans to carriers to m?et expenditures for cap-
ital account or to refund maturing securities
originally issued for capital account, or by
purchasing transportation equipment and fa-
cilities and leasing the same to carriers, as
hereinafter provided. Any moneys in the fund
not so employed shall be invested in obliga-
tions of the United States or deposited in
authorized depositaries of the United States
subject to the rules promulgated from time to
time by the secretary of the treasury re-
lating to government deposits.

"(11) A carrier may at any time make ap-
plication to the commission for a loan from
the general railroad contingent fund, setting
forth the amount of the loan and the term
for which it is desired, the purpose of the
loan and the uses to which it will be applied,
the present and prospective ability of the ap-
plicant to repay the loan and meet the re-
quirements of its obligations in that regard.
the character and value of the security of-
fered, and the extent to which the public con-
venience and necessity will be served. The
application shall be accompanied by statements
i showing such facts and details as the com-
mission may require with respect to the physi-
cal situation, ownership, capitalization, indebt-
edness, contract obligations, operations and
learning power of the applicant, together with

such other facts relating to the propriety and
expediency of granting the loan applied for
and the ability of the applicant to make good
the obligation, as the commission may deem
pertinent to the inquiry.

"(12) If the commission, after such hearing
and investigation, with or without notice, as
it may direct, finds that the making in whole
or in part of the proposed loan from the gen-
eral railroad contingent fund is necessary to
enable the applicant properly to meet the
transportation needs of the public and that the
prospective earning power of the applicant
and the character and value o'f the security
offered are such as to furnish reasonable as-
surance of the applicant's ability to repay the
loan within the time fixed therefor, and to
meet its other obligations in connection with
such loan, the commission may make a loan
to the applicant from such railroad contin-
g?nt fund, in such amount, for such length
of time and under such terms and conditions
as it may deem proper. The commission shall
also prescribe the security to be furnished,
which shall be adequate to secure the loan.
All such loans shall bear interest at the rate
of 6 per centum per annum, payable semi-
annually to the commission. Such loans when
repaid, and all interest paid thereon, shall be
placed in the general railroad contingent fund.

"(13) A carrier may at any time make ap-
plication to the commission for the lease to it
of transportation equipment or facilities, pur-
chased from the general railroad contingent
fund, setting forth the kind and amount of
such equipment or facilities and the term for
which it is desired to be leased, the uses to
which it is proposed to put such equipment or
facilities, the present and prospective ability
of the applicant to pay the rental charges
thereon, and to meet the requirements of its
obligations under the lease, and the extent
to which the public convenience and necessity
will be served. The application shall be ac-
companied by statements showing such facts
and details as the commission may require
with respect to the physical situation, owner-
ship, capitalization, indebtedness, contract obli-
gations, operation and earning power of the
applicant, together with such other facts re-
lating to the propriety and ex^diency of
leasing- such equipment or facilities to the
applicant as the commission may deem perti-
nent to the inquiry.

"(14) If the commission, after such hearing
and investigation, with or without notice, as
it may direct, finds that the leasing to the
applicant of such equipment or facilities, in
whole or in part, is necessary to enable the
applicant properly to meet the transportation
needs of the public and that the prospective
earning- power of the applicant is such as to
furnish reasonable assurance of the applicant's
ability to pay promptly the rental charges and
mest its other obligations under such lease,
the commission may lease such equipment
or facilities purchased by it from the general
railroad contingent fund to the applicant for
such length of time and under such terms
and conditions as it may deem proper. The rent-
al charges provided in every such lease shall
be at least sufficient to pay a return of 6 per
centum per annum, plus allowance for depre-
ciation, determined as provided in paragraph
(5) of section 20 of this act, upon the value
of the equipment or facilities leased there-
under. All rental charges and other pay-
ments received by the commission in connec-
tion with such equipment and facilities, in-
cluding amounts received under any sale there-
of, shall be placed in the general railroad
contingent fund.

"(15) The commission may from time to
time purchase, contract for the construction.

130

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

repair and replacement of. and sell, equipment
and facilities and enter into and carry out
contracts and other obligations in connection
therewith, to the extent that moneys included
in the general railroad contingent fund are
available therefor, and in so far as necessary
to enable it to secure and supply equipment
and facilities to carriers whose applications
therefor are approved under the provisions of
this section and to maintain and dispose of
such equipment and facilities.

"(16) The commission may from time to
time prescribe such rules and regulations as it
deems necessary to carry out the provisions
of this section respecting the making 9f loans
and the lease of equipment and facilities.

"(17) The provisions of this section shall
mot be construed as depriving shippers of
their right to reparation in case of over-
charges, unlawfully excessive or discriminatory
rates, or rates excessive in their relation to
other rates, but no shipper will be entitled
to recover upon the sole ground that any par-
ticular rate may reflect a proportion of excess
income to be paid by the carrier to the com-
mission in the public interest under the pro-
visions of this section.

"(18) Any carrier, or any corporation or-
ganized to construct and operate a railroad,
proposing to undertake the construction and
operation of a new line of railroad may apply
to the commission for permission to retain
for a period not to exceed ten years all or any
part of its earnings derived from such new
construction in excess of the amount hereto-
fore in this section provided, for such dis-
position as it may lawfully make of the same,
and the commission may. in its discretion.
grant such permission, conditioned, however,
upon the completion of the work of construc-
tion within a period to be designated by the
commission in its order granting such per-
mission."

Sec. 423. The first paragraph of section 16
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by inserting "(1)" after the section
number at the beginning 1 of such paragraph.

Sec. 424. The second paragraph of section
16 of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by inserting "(2)" at the beginning
of such paragraph and by striking out the
last sentence thereof, and adding:

"(3) All actions at law by carriers subject
to this act for recovery of their charges, or
any part thereof, shall be begun within three
years from the time the cause of action ac-
crues and not after. All complaints for the
recovery of damages shall be filed with the
commission within two years from the time
the cause of action accrues, and not . after,
unless the carrier, after the expiration of such
two years or within ninety days before such
expiration, begins an action for recovery of
charges in respect of the same service, in
which case such period of two years shall be
extended to and including ninety days from
the time such action by the carrier is begun.
In either case the cause of action in respect
of a shipment of property shall, for the pur
poses of this section, be deemed to accrue upon
delivery or tender of delivery thereof by the
carrier, and not after. A petition for the
enforcement of an order for the payment of
money shall be filed in the district court or i
state court within one year from the date of
the order and not after."

Sec. 425. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth
paragraphs of section 16 of the interstate
commerce act are hereby amended by inserting- ,
"(4)" at the beginning of the third paragraph,
"(5)" at the beginning- of the fourth para-
graph, "(6) ' at the beginning of the fifth
paragraph, and "(7)" at the beginning- of the
sixth paragraph.

Sec. 426. The seventh paragraph of section

16 of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended to read as follows:

"(8) Any carrier, any officer, representative
or agent of a carrier, or any receiver, trustee,
lessee or agent of either of them, who know-
ingly fails or neglects to obey any order made
under the provisions of sections 3, 13 or 15
of this act shall forfeit to the United States
the sum of $5.000 for each offense. Every
distinct violation shall be a separate offense
and in case of a continuing violation each
day shall be deemed a separate offense."

Sec. 427. The eighth and ninth paragraphs
of section 16 of the interstate commerce act
are hereby amended by inserting "(9)" at the
beginning of the eighth paragraph and "(10)"
at the beginning of the ninth paragraph.

Sec. 428. The tenth paragraph of section 10
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended to read as follows:

"(11) The commission may employ such at-
torneys as it finds necessary for proper legal
aid and service of the commission or its mem-
bers in the conduct of their work, or for prop-
er representation of the public interests in
investigations made by it or cases or pro-
ceedings pending before it. whether at the
commission's own instance or upon complaint,
or to appear for or represent the commission
in any case in court; and the expenses of such
employment shall be paid out of the appro-
priation for the commission."

Sec. 429. The eleventh and twelfth para-
graphs of section 16 of the interstate com-
merce act are hereby amended by inserting
"(12)" at the beginning of the eleventh para-
graph and "(13)" at the beginning of the
twelfth paragraph.

Sec. 430. Section 17 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting
"(1)" after the section number at the begin-
of the first paragraph.

Sec. 431. The second paragraph of section

17 of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended to read as follows:

"(2) The commission is hereby authorized
by its order to divide the members thereof into
as many divisions (each to consist of not
less than three members) as it may deem nec-
essary, which may be changed from time to
time. Such divisions shall be denominated,
respectively, division one. division two. and
so forth. Any commissioner may be assigned
to and may serve upon such division or
divisions as the commission may direct, and
the senior in service of the commissioners con-
stituting any of said divisions shall act as
chairman thereof. In case of vacancy in any
division or of absence or inability to serve
thereon of any commissioner thereto assigned,
the chairman of the commission or any com-
missioner designated by him for that purpose
may temporarily serve on said division until
the commission shall otherwise order."

Sec. 432. The third and fourth paragraphs
of section 17 of the interstate commerce act
a-e hereby amended by inserting "(3)" at the
beginning of the third paragraph, and "(4)"
at the beginning of the fourth paragraph.

The fifth and sixth paragraphs of such sec-
tion are hereby repealed.

The seventh paragraph of such section ts
hereby amended by inserting "(5)" at the
beginning- of such paragraph.

Sec 433. Section 18 of the interstate com
merce act is hereby amended by inserting-
"(1)" after the section number at the begin-
ning of the first paragraph and "(2)" at the
beginning of the second paragraph.

Section 19a of the interstate commerce act
is hereby amended by inserting "(a)" after
the section number at the beginning of the
first paragraph, "(b)" at the beginning of the
second paragraph, "(c)" at the beginning of I
the seventh paragraph, "(d)" at the beginning ;

ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOB 1921.

131

of the eighth paragraph, "(e)" at the begin-
ning of the ninth paragraph, "(f)" at the
beginning 1 of the tenth paragraph, "(g)" at
the beginning- of the eleventh paragraph, "(h)"
at the beginning of the twelfth paragraph,
"(i)" at the beginning of the thirteenth para-
graph, "(j)" at the beginning of the four-
teenth paragraph, "(k)" at the beginning- ol
the fifteenth paragraph, and "(1)" at the be-
ginning of the sixteenth paragraph.

Sec. 434. Section 20 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended by inserting
"(1)" after the section number at the begin-
ning of the first paragraph, "(2)" at the
beginning of the second paragraph, "(3)" at
the beginning of the third paragraph and
"(4)" at the beginning of the fourth para-
graph.

Sec. 435. The fifth paragraph of section 20
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended to read as follows:

"(5) The commission may in its discretion
prescribe the forms of any and all accounts,
records and memoranda to be kept by car-
riers subject to the provisions of this act, in-
cluding the accounts, records and memoranda
of the movement of traffic, as well as of the re-
ceipts and expenditures of moneys. The com-
mission shall, as soon as practicable, prescribe
for carriers subject to this act the classes of
property for which depreciation charges may
properly be included under operating expenses,
and the percentages of depreciation which
shall be charged with respect to each of such
classes of property, classifying the carriers as
it may deem proper for this purpose. The
commission may, when it deems necessary,
modify the classes and percentages so pre-
scribed. The carriers subject to this act shall
not charge to operating expenses any deprecia-
tion charges on classes of property other than
those prescribed by the commission or charge
with respect to any class of property a per-
centage of depreciation other than that pre-
scribed therefor by the commission. No such
carrier shall in any case include in any form
under its operating- or other expenses any
depreciation or other charge or expenditure
included elsewhere as a depreciation charge or
otherwise under its operating or other ex-
penses. The commission shall at all times have
access to all accounts, records and memoranda,
including all documents, papers and corre-
spondence now or hereafter existing, and kept
or required to be kept by carriers subject to
this act, and the provisions of this section
respecting the preservation and destruction of
books, papers and documents shall apply there-
to and it shall be unlawful for such carriers
to keep any other accounts, records or memo-
randa than those prescribed or approved by
the commission, and it may employ special
agents or examiners, who shall have authority
under the order of the commission to inspect
and examine any and all accounts, records and
memoranda, including all documents, papers
and correspondence now or hereafter existing,
and kept or required to be kept by such car-
riers. This provision shall apply to receivers
of carriers and operating trustees. The pro-
visions of this section shall also apply to all
accounts, records and memoranda, including
all documents, papers and correspondence now
or hereafter existing, kept during the period
of federal control and placed by the president
in the custody of carriers subject to this act."

Sec. 436. The sixth paragraph of section 20
of the interstate commerce act is hereby
amended by inserting "(6)" at the beginning-
of such paragraph.

The seventh paragraph of section 20 of the
interstate commerce act is hereby amended by
striking out "Par. 7" at the beginning of such
paragraph and inserting "(7)" in lieu thereof.

The eighth to twelfth paragraphs, inclusive.

of section 20 of the interstate commerce
act are hereby amended by inserting "(8)"
at the beginning of the eighth para-
graph, "(9)" at the beginning of the ninth
paragraph, "(10)" at the beginning of the
tenth paragraph, "(11)" at the beginning of
the eleventh paragraph and "(12)" at the
beginning of the twelfth paragraph.

Sec. 437. The eleventh paragraph of sec-
tion 20 of the interstate commerce act is here-
by amended by inserting immediately before
the first proviso thereof the following:

"Provided, That if the loss, damage or injury
occurs while the property is in the custody
of a carrier by water the liability of such car-
rier shall be determined by and under the laws
and regulations applicable to transportation by
water, and the liability oi the initial carrier
shall be the same as that of such carrier
by water."

Sec. 438. The third proviso of the eleventh
paragraph of section 20 of the interstate com-
merce act (not counting the proviso added by
section 437 of this act) is hereby amended
to read as follows:

"Provided further. That it shall be unlawful
for any such common carrier to provide by
rule, contract, regulation or otherwise a short-
er period for giving notice of claims than
ninety days, for the filing of claims than four
months, and for the institution of suits than
two years, such period for institution of suits
to be computed from the day when notice in
writing is given by the carrier to the claimant
that the carrier has disallowed the claim or
any part or parts thereof specified in the
notice."

Sec. 439. The interstate commerce act is
further amended by inserting- therein a new
eectioa between section 20 and section 21, to
be designated section 20a. and to read as fol-

"Sec. 20a. (1) That as used in this section
the term 'carrier' means a common carrier
by railroad (except a street, suburban or in-
terurban electric railway which is not oper-
ated as a part of a general steam railroad
system of transportation) which is subject
to this act. or any cprporation organized for
the purpose of engaging in transportation by
railroad subject to this act.

"(2) Prom and after 120 days after this
section takes effect it shall be unlawful for
any carrier to issue any snare of capital stock
or any bond or other evidence of interest in
or indebtedness of the carrier (hereinafter in
this section collectively termed 'securities'),
or to assume any obligation or liability as
lessor, lessee, guarantor, indorser. surety or
otherwise, in respect of the securities of any
other person, natural or artificial, even though
(permitted by the authority creating- the car-
rier corporation, unless and until and then
oly to the extent that upon application by
the carrier and after investigation by the com-
mission of the purposes and uses of the pro-
posed issue and the proceeds thereof, or of
the proposed assumption of obligation or lia-
bility in respect of the securities of .any other
person, natural or artificial, the commission
by order authorizes such issue or assumption.
The commission shall make such order only if
it finds that such issue or assumption: (a)
is for some lawful object within its corp9-
rate purposes and compatible with the public
interest, which is necessary or appropriate for
or consistent with the proper performance by
the carrier of service to the public as a com-
mon carrier and which will not impair its
ability to- perform that service, and (b) is
reasonably necessary and appropriate for such
purpose.

"(3) The commission shall have power by
its order to grant or deny the application as
made, or to grant it in part and deny it in

132

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

part, or to grant it with such modification
and upon such terms and conditions as thi
commission may deem necessary or appropri
. ate in the premises, and may from time tc
time, for good cause shown, make such sup
plemental orders in the premises as it may
deem necessary or appropriate and may by an>
such supplemental order modify the provision
of any previous order as to the particular pur
poses, uses and extent to which, or the con
ditions tinder which, any securities so there
tofore authorized or the proceeds thereof may
be applied, subject always to the require
ments of the foregoing- paragraph (2).

"(4) Every application for authority shal
be made in such form and contain such mat
ters as the commission may prescribe. Every
such application, as also every certificate o:
notification hereinafter provided for. shall be
made under oath, signed and filed on behalf
of the carrier by its president, a vice-presi
dent, auditor, comptroller or other execu
tive officer having- knowledge of the matters
therein set forth and duly designated for that
purpose by the carrier.

"(5) Whenever any securities set forth and
described in any application for authority or
certificate of notification as pledged or held
unencumbered in the treasury of the carrier
shall, subsequent to the filing of such appli-
ation or certificate, be sold, pledged, re-
pledged or otherwise disposed of by the car-
rier, such carrier shall, within ten days after
such sale, pledere. repledge or other disposi-
tion, file with the commission a certificate of
notification to that effect, setting forth therein
all such facts as may be required by the com-
mission.

"(6) Upon receipt of any such application
lor authority the commission shall cause no-
tice thereof to be given to and a copy filed
with the governor of each state in which the
applicant carrier operates. The railroad com-
missions, public service or utilities commis-
sions or other anpropriate state authorities
of the state shall have the right to make
before the commission! such representations
as they may deem just and proper for preserv-
ing and conserving the rights and interests of
their people and the states, respectively, in-
volved in such proceedings. The commission
may hold hearings, if it sees fit. to enable it
to determine its decision upon the application
for authority.

"(7) The jurisdiction conferred upon the
commission by this section shall be exclusive
and plenary arid a carrier may issue securities
and assume obligations or liabilities in ac-
cordance with the provisions of this section
without securing- approval other than as spec-
ified herein.

"(8) Nothing- herein shall be construed to
imply any guaranty or obligation as to such
securities on the part of the United States.
"(9) The foregoing provisions of this sec-
tion shall not apply to notes to be issued by
the carrier maturing not more than two years
after the date thereof and aggregating (to-
gether with all other then outstanding notes
of a maturity of two years or less) not more
than 5 per centum of the par value of the
securities of the carrier then outstanding.
In the case of securities having no par value
the par value for the purposes of this para-
graph shall be the fair market value as of the
date of issue. Within ten days after the
making of such notes the carrier issuing the
same shall file with the commission a certifi-
cate of notification, in such form as may from
time to time be determined and prescribed
by the commission, setting forth as nearly as
may be the same matters as those required in
respect of applications for authority to issue
other securities: Provided. That in any subse-
quent funding of such notes the provisions of

this section respecting other securities shall
apply.

"(10) The commission shall require peri-
odical or special reports from each carrier
hereafter issuing any securities, including such
notes, which shall show, in such detail as the
commission may require, the disposition made
of such securities and the application of the
proceeds thereof.

"(11) Any security issued or any obligation
or liability assumed by a carrier, for which
under the provisions of this section the au-
thorization of the commission is required, shall
be void if issued or assumed without such au-
thorization therefor having first been obtained.
or if issued or assumed contrary to any term
or condition of such order of authorization
as modified by any order supplemental thereto
entered prior to such issuance or assumption;
but no security issued or obligation or liability
assumed in accordance with all the terms and
conditions of such an order of authorization
therefor, as modified by any order supplemen-
tal thereto entered prior to such issuance or
assumption, shall be rendered void because of
failure to comply with any provision of this
section relating to procedure and other matters
preceding the entry of such order of authoriza-
tion. If any security so made void or any
security in respect to which the assumption of
obligation or liability is so made void, is
acquired by any person for value and in good
faith and without notice that the issue or
assumption is void, such person may in a suit
or action in any court of competent jurisdic-
tion hold jointly and severally liable for the
lull amount of the damage sustained by him
in respect thereof "the carrier which issued the
security so made void, or assumed the obliga-
tion or liability so made void, and its directors,
officers, attorneys and other agents who par-
ticipated in any way in the authorizing, issu-
ing-, hypothecating or selling of the security
so made void or in the authorizing of the
assumption of the obligation or liability so
made void. In case any security so made void
was directly acquired from the carrier issuing
it the holder may at his option rescind the
transaction and upon the surrender of the
security recover the consideration given there-
for. Any director, officer, attorney or agent
of the carrier who knowingly assents to or
concurs in any issue of securities or assump-
tions of obligation or liability forbidden by
this section, or any sale or other disposition
of securities contrary to the provisions of the
commission's order or orders in the premises,
or any application not authorized by the com-
mission of the funds derived by the carrier
hrough such sale or other dispositipn of such
securities, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
and upon conviction shall be punished by a
ine of not less than $1.000 nor more than
10,000. or by imprisonment for not less than
one year nor more than three years, or by
x>th such fine and imprisonment, in the dis-
retion of the court.

"(12) After Dec. 31, 1921. it shall be
unlawful for any person to hold the position
of officer or director of more than one car-
rier, unless such holding- shall have been
-uthorized by order of the commission, upon
due showing-, in form and manner prescribed
by the commission, that neither public nor
>rivate interests will be adversely affected
hereby. After this section takes effect it shall
>e unlawful for any officer or director of any
'arrier to receive for his own benefit, directly
sr indirectly, any money or thing of value in
respect of the negotiation, hypothecation or
ale of any securities issued or to be issued
>y such carrier, or to share in any of the pro-
eeds thereof, or to participate in the making
r paying of any dividends of an operating
arrier from any funds properly included in

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOK 1921.

133

capital account. Any violation of these pro-
visi9ns shall be a misdemeanor, and on con-
viction in any United States court having
jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not
less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 or
by imprisonment for not less than one year
nor more than three years or by both such
fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of
the court."

Sec. 440. Section 24 of the interstate com-
merce act is hereby amended to read as fol-
lows:

"Sec. 24. That the commission is hereby en-
larg-ed so as to consist of eleven members, with
terms of seven years, and each shall receive
$12.000 compensation annually. The qualifica-
tions of the members and the manner of pay-
ment of their salaries shall be as already pro-
vided by law. Such enlargement of the com-
mission shall be accomplished through appoint-
ment by the president, by and with the advice
and consent of the senate, of two additional
interstate commerce commissioners, one for a
term expiring 1 Dec. 31, 1923. and one for a
term expiring- Dec. 31, 1924. The terms of
the present commissioners or of any successor
appointed to fill a vacancy caused by the
death or resignation of any of the present com-
missioners, shali expire as heretofore provided
by law. Their successors and the successors
of the additional commissioners herein pro-
vided for shall be appointed for the full term
of seven years, except that any person ap-
pointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed
(only for the unexpired term oi the com-
missioner whom he shall succeed. Not more
than six commissioners shall be appointed from
the same political party. Hereafter the salary
of the secretary of the commission shall be
$7.500 a year."

Sec. 441. The interstate commerce act is
hereby further amended by adding- at the end
thereof three new sections, to read as follows:

"Sec. 25. (1) That every common carrier
by water in foreign commerce, whose vessels
are registered under the laws of the United
States, shall file with the commission, within
thirty days after this section becomes effective
and reg-ularly thereafter as changes are made,
a schedule or schedules showing for each of
its steam vessels intended to load general
cargo at ports in the United States for foreign
destinations (a) the ports of loading, (b) the
dates upon which such vessels will commence
to receive freight and dates of sailing, (ci
the route and itinerary such vessels will
follow and the ports of call for which cargo
will be carried.

"(2) Up9n application of any shipper a car-
rier by railroad shall make request for and
the carrier by water shall upon receipt of
such request name a specific rate applying for
such sailing and upon such commodity as
shall be embraced in the inquiry, and shall
name in connection with such rate. port
charges, if any, which accrue in addition to
the vessel's rates and are not otherwise pub-
lished by the railway as in addition to or
absorbed in the railway. Vessel rates if
conditional upon quantity of shipment, must
be so stated and separate rates may be pro-
vided for carload and less than carload ship-
ments. The carrier by water, upon advic s
from a carrier by railroad, stating that the
quoted rate is firmly accepted as applying
upon a specifically named quantity of any
commodity, shall, subject to such conditions
as the commission by regulation may prescribe,
make firm reservation from unsold space in
such steam vessel as shall be required for its
transportation and shall so advise the carrier
by railroad, in which advices shall be included
the latest available information as to prospec-
tive sailing- date of such vessel.

(3) As the matters so required to be

stated in such schedule or schedules are
changed or modified from time to time, the
carrier shall file with the commission such
changes or modifications as early as practi-
cable after such modification is ascertained.
The commission is authorized to make and
publish regulations not inconsistent herewith
governing the manner and form in which
such carriers are to comply with the foregoing-
provisions. The commission shall cause to be
published in compact form, for the informa-
tion of shippers of commodities throughout
the country, the substaJice of such schedules,
and furnish such publications to all railway
carriers subject to this act, in such quantities
that railway carriers may supply to each of
their agents who receive commodities for ship-
ment in such cities and towns as may be speci-
fied by the commission, a copy of said pub-
lication: the intent being- that each shipping-
community sufficiently important, from the
standpoint of the export trade, to be so speci-
fied by the commission shall have opportunity
to know the sailings and routes and to ascer-
tain the transportation charges of such vessels
engaged in foreign commerce. Each railway
carrier to which such publication is furnished
by the commission is hereby required to dis-
tribute the same as aforesaid and to maintain
such publication as it is issued from time to
time, in the hands of its agents. The com-
mission is authorized to make such rules and
regulations not inconsistent herewith respect-
ing the distribution and maintenance of such
publications in the several communities so
specified as 'will further the intent of this sec-
tion.

"(4) When any consignor delivers a ship-
ment of property to any of the places so
specified by the commission, to be delivered
by a railway carrier to one of the vessels
upon which space has been reserved at a
specified rate previously ascertained, as pro-
vided herein, for the transportation by water
from and for a port named in the aforesaid
schedule, the railway carrier shall issue
through bill of lading to the point of desti-
nation. Such bill of lading shall name sep-
arately the charge to be paid for the railway
transportation, water transportation, and port
charges, if any, not included in the rail or
water transportation charge; but the carrier
by railroad shall not be liable to the con-
signor, consignee or other person interested in
the shipment after its delivery to the vessel.
The commission shall, in such manner as will
preserve for the carrier by water the protec-
tion of limited liability provided by law. make
such rules and regulations not inconsistent
herewith as will prescribe the form of such
through bill of lading. In all such cases it
shall be the duty o-f the carrier by railroad to
deliver such shipment to the vessel as a part
of its undertaking as a common carrier.

"(5) The issuance of a through bill of lad-
ing covering shipments provided for herein
shall not be held to constitute 'an arrange-
ment for continuous carriage or shipment*
within- the meaning of this act.

"Sec. 26. That the commission may, after
investigation, order any carrier by railroad
subject to this act. within a time specified in
the order, to install automatic train-stop or
train-control devices or other safety devices
which comply with specifications and re-
quirements prescribed by the commission, upon
the whole or any part of its railroad, such
o-der to be issued and published at least two
years before the date specified for its fulfill-
ment: Provided, That a carrier shall not be
held to be negligent because of its failure, to
install such devices upon a portion of its rail-
road not included in the order: and any action
arising because of an accident happening upon
such portion of its railroad shall be determined

134

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

without consideration of the use of such de-
vices upon another portion of its railroad.
Any common carrier which refuses or neglects
to comply with any order of the commission
made under the authority conferred by this
section shall be liable to a penalty of 8100
for each day that suoh refusal or neglect con-
tinues, which shall accrue to the United States
and may be recovered in a civil action brought
by the United States.

"Sec. 27. That this act may be cited as the
interstate commerce act."

TITLE V. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

Sec. 500. It is hereby declared to be the
policy of congress to promote, encourage and
develop water transportation, service and fa-
cilities in connection with the commerce of
the United States and to foster and preserve in
full vigor both rail and water transportation.
It shall be the duty of the secretary of war.
with the object of promoting, encouraging and
developing inland waterway transportation fa-
cilities in connection with the commerce of the
United States, to investigate the appropriate
types of boats suitable for different classes
of such waterways; to investigate the subject
of water terminals, both for inland waterway
traffic and for through traffic by water and
rail, including- the necessary docks, warehouses,
apparatus, equipment and appliances . in con-
nection therewith and also railroad spurs and
switches connecting with such terminals, with
a view to devising the types most appropriate
for different locations and for the more ex-
peditious and economical transfer or inter-
i&ange of passengers -or property between car-
riers by water and carriers by rail; to advise
with communities, cities and towns regarding'
the appropriate location of such, terminals
and to co-operate with them in the prepara-
tion of plans for suitable terminal facilities:
to investigate the existing status of water
transportation upon the different inland water-
ways of the country, with a view to deter-
mining whether such waterways are being util-
ized to the extent of their capacity, and to
what extent they are meeting the demands of
traffic and whether the water carriers utilizing
such waterways are interchanging traffic with
the railroads: and to investigate any other
matter that may tend to promote and, en-
courage inland water transportation. It shall
also be the province and duty of the sec-
retary of war to compile, publish and distrib-
ute from time to time such useful statis-
tics, data and information concerning trans-
portation on inland waterways as he may
deem to be of value to the commercial in-
terests of the country.

The words "inland waterway" as used in
this section shall be construed to include the
Great Lakes.

Sec. 501. The effective date on and after
which the provisions of section 10 of the act
entitled "An act to supplement existing law
against unlawful restraints and monopolies anc
for other purposes." approved Oct. 15. 1914
shall become and be effective is hereby deferred
and extended to Jan. 1. 1921: Provided, That
such extension shall not apply in the case of
any corporation organized after Jan. 12, 1918
Sec. 502. That if any clause, sentence, para-
graph or part of this act shall for any reason
be adjudged by any court of competent juris-
diction to be invalid such judgment shall no
affect, impair or invalidate the remainder of
the act, but shall be confined in its operation
to the clause, sentence, paragraph or par
thereof directly involved in the controversy in
which such judgment has been rendered
(Approved Feb. 28. 19'!0.)

MINING ON THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.

Deposits of coal, phosphate, sodium, oil

oil shale or gas, and lands containing such

der >sits owned by the United States, includ-
m .hose in national forests, but excluding:
lands acquired under the act known as the
Appalachian forest act, approved March 1.
1911. and those in national parks and in lands
withdrawn or reserved for military or naval
uses or purposes, except as hereinafter pro-
'ided. shall be subject to disposition in the
orm and manner provided by this act to
citizens of the United Slates or to any as-
sociation of such persons, or to any corpo-
ration organized under the laws of the United
States, or of any state or territory thereof,
and in the case of coal. oil. oil shale or gas
,o municipalities: Provided, That the United
States reserves the right to extract helium
from all gas produced from lands permitted,
eased or otherwise granted under the pro-
visions of this act, under such rules and
reg-ulations as shall be prescribed by the sec-
retary of the interior: Provided further.
That in 'the extraction of helium from gas
produced from such lands it shall be so
extracted las to cause no substantial delay
n the delivery of gas produced from the
well to the purchaser thereof: And provid-
ed further. That citizens of -another coun-
try the laws, customs or regulations of which
deny similar or like privileges to citizens or
corporations of this country shall not, by
stock ownership, stock holding or slock con-
trol, own any interest in any lease acquired
under the provisions of this act.

Coal.

The secretary of the interior is authorized
to. and upon the petition of any qualified ap-
plicant shall, divide any of the coal lands or
the deposits of coal, classified and unclassified,
owned by the United States, outside of the
territory of Alaska, into leasing tracts of
forty acres each or multiples thereof and In
such form as. in the opinion of the secretary
of the interior, will permit the most econom-
ical mining of the coal in such tracts, but
in no case exceeding 2.560 acres in any one
leasing tract, and thereafter the secretary of
the interior shall, in his discretion, upon the
request of any qualified applicant or on his
own motion, from time to time offer such
lands or deposits of coal for leasing and shall
award leases thereon by competitive bidding
or by such other methods as he may by gen-
eral regulations adopt, to any qualified appli-
cant: Provided, That the secretary is hereby
authorized, in awarding leases for coal lands
heretofore improved and occupied or claimed
in good faith, to consider and recognize equi-
table rights of such occupants or claimants:
Provided further, That where prospecting or
exploratory work is necessary to determine the
existence or workability of coal deposits in
any unclaimed, undeveloped area, the secretary
of the interior may issue to applicants quali-
fied under this act prospecting permits for
a term of two years, for not exceeding 2.560
acres: and if within two years thereafter the
permittee shows to the secretary that the land
contains coal in commercial quantities the
permittee shall be entitled to a lease under
this act for all or part of the la<nd in his
permit: And provided further. That no lease
of coal under this act shall be approved or
issued until <af ter notice of the proposed lease
has been giv >n for thirty days in a newspaper
of general circulation in the county in which
the lands or deposits are situated: And pro-
vided further. That no company or corpora-
tion operating a common carrier railroad
shall be given or hold a permit or lease under
the provisions of this act for any coal de-
posits except for its own use for railroad pur-
poses: and such limitations of use shall be
expressed in all permits and leases issued
to uch companies or corporations, and no

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

135

such company or corporation shall receive or
hold more than one permit or lease for each
200 miles of its railroad line within the state
in which the property is situated, exclusive of
spurs or switches and exclusive of branch
lines built to connect the leased coal with the
railroad, and also exclusive of parts of the
railroad operated mainly by power produced
otherwise than by steam: And provided fur-
ther, That nothing 1 herein shall preclude such
a railroad of less than 200 miles in length
from securing' and holding- one permit or lease
hereunder.

Any person, association or corporation hold-
ing a lease of coal lands or coal deposits un-
der this act may. with the approval of the
secretary of the interior, upon a finding by
him that it will be for the advantage of the
lessee and the United States, secure modifica-
tions of his or its original lease by including
additional coal lands or coal deposits con-
tiguous to those embraced in such lease, but
in no event shall the total area embraced
in such modified lease exceed in the aggregate
2,560 acres.

Upon satisfactory showing by any lessee to
the secretary of the interior that all of the
workable deposits of coal within a tract cov-
ered by his or its lease will be exhausted,
worked out or removed within three years
thereafter, the secretary of the interior may
lease to such lessee an additional tract of
land or coal deposits which, including the
coal area remaining- in the existing lease, shall
not exceed 2,560 acres.

If in the judgment of the secretary of the
interior the public interest will be subserved
thereby, lessees holding under lease areas
not exceeding- the maximum permitted under
this act may consolidate their leases through
the surrender of the original leases and the in-
clusion of such areas in a new lease of not
to exceed 2.560 acres of contiguous lands.

Where coal or phosphate lands aggregating
2,560 acres and subject to lease hereunder
do not exist as contiguous areas, the secre-
tary of the interior is authorized to embrace
in a single lease noncontiguous tracts which
can be operated as a single mine or unit.

For the privilege of mining or extracting-
the coal in the lands covered by the lease
the lessee shall pay to the United States such
royalties as may be specified in the lease,
which shall be fixed in advance of offering the
same, and which shall not be less than 5 cents
per ton of 2.000 pounds, due and payable
at the end of each third month succeeding
that of the extraction of the coal from the
mine, and an annual rental, payable at the
date of such lease and annually thereafter,
on the lands or coal deposits covered by such
lease, at such irate as may be fixed by the
secretary of the interior prior to offering- the
same, which shall not be less than 25 cents
per .acre for the first year thereafter, not
less than 50 cents per acre for the second,
third, fourth and fifth years, respectively, and
not less than $1 per acre for each and every
year thereafter during- the continuance of the
lease, except that such rental for any year
shall be credited against the royalties as they
accrue for that year. Leases shall be for
indeterminate periods upon condition of dili-
gent development and continued operation of
the mine or mines, except when such opera-
tion shall be interrupted by strikes, the ele-
ments or casualties not attributable to the
lessee and upon the further condition that
at the end of each twenty year period suc-
ceeding the date of the lease such readjust-
ment of terms and conditions may be made
as the secretary of the interior may determine,
unless otherwise provided by law at the time
of the expiration of such periods: Provided,
That the secretary of the interior may. "~

lieu of the provision herein contained re-
quiring- continuous operation oi the mine or
mines, provide in the lease for the payment
of an annual advance royalty upon a mini-
mum number of tons of coal, which in no
case shall aggregate less than the amount of
rentals herein, provided for: Provided further.
That the secretary of the interior may per-
mit suspension of operation under such lease
for not to exceed six months at any one time
when market conditions are such that the
lease cannot be operated except at a loss.

In order to provide for the supply of strictly
local domestic needs for fuel, the secretary
of the interior may issue limited licenses or
permits to individuals or associations of indi-
viduals to prospect for mine and take for
their use but not for sale, coal from the
public lands without payment of royalty for
the coal mined or the land occupied, on such
conditions not inconsistent with this act as in
his opinion will safeguard the public interests:
Provided, That this privilege shall not extend
to any corporations: Provided further. That in
the case of municipal corporations the secre-
tary of the interior may issue such limited
license or permit, for not to exceed 320 acres
for a municipality of less than 100,000 popu-
lation, and not to exceed 1,280 acres for a
municipality of not less than 100.000 and
noA more than 150,000 population: and not
to exceed 2,560 acres for a municipality of
150,000 population or more, the land to be
selected within the state wherein the munic-
ipal applicant may be located, uppn condi-
tion that such municipal corporations will
mine the coal therein under proper conditions
and dispose of the same without profit to resi-
dents of such municipality for household use:
And provided further, That the acquisition or
holding of a lease under the preceding- sections
of this act shall be no bar to the holding of
such tract or operation of such mine under
said limited license.

Phosphates.

The secretary of the interior is authorized
to lease to any applicant qualified under this
act any lands belonging to the United States
containing deposits of phosphates under such
restrictions and upon such terms as are herein
specified, through advertisement, competitive
bidding- or such other methods as the secretary
of the interior may by general regulation adopt.

Each lease shall be for not to exceed 2,560
acres of land* to be described by the legal
subdivisions of the public land surveys, if
surveyed; if unsurveyed, to be surveyed by
the government at the expense of the appli-
cant for lease and the lands leased shall be
conformed to and taken in accordance with the
legal subdivisions of such survey; deposits
made to cover expense of surveys shall be
deemed appropriated for that purpose; and any
excess deposits shall be repaid to the person,
association or corporation making such de-
posits or their legal representatives: Provided,
That the land embraced in any one lease shall
be in compact form, the- length of which shall
not exceed two and one-half times its width.

For the privilege of mining: or extracting the
phosphates or phosphate rock covered by the
lease the lessee shall pay to the United States
such royalties as may be specified in the lease,
which shall be fixed by the secretary of the
interior in advance of offering- the same, which
shall be not less than 2 per centum of the
gross value of the output of phosphates or
phosphate rock at the mine, due and payable
at the end of each third month succeeding that
of the sale or other disposition of the phos-
phates or phosphate rock, and an annual
rental payable at the date of such lease and
annually thereafter on the area covered by
Such lease at such rate as may be fixed by

136

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

the secretary of the interior prior to offering
the lease, which shall be not less than 25
cents per acre for the 'first year thereafter,
50 cents per acre for the second, third, fourth
and fifth years, respectively, and $1 per acre
for each and every year thereafter during- the
continuance of the lease, except that such
rental for any year shall be credited against
the royalties as they accrue for that year.
Leases shall be for indeterminate periods upon
condition of a minimum annual production,
except when operation shall be interrupted by
strikes, the elements or casualties not attrib-
utable to the lessee, and upon the further
condition that at the end of each twenty-year
period succeeding- the date of the lease such
readjustment of terms and conditions shall be
made as the secretary of the interior shall
determine unless otherwise provided by law
at the time of the expiration of such periods:
Provided, That the secretary of the interior
may permit suspension of operation under
such lease for not exceeding 1 twelve months at
any one time when market conditions are
such that the lease cannot be operated except
at a loss.

Any qualified applicant to whom the sec-
retary of the interior may grant a lease to
develop and extract phosphates or phosphate
rock under the provisions of this act shall
have the right to .use so much of the surface
of unappropriated and unentered lands, not
exceeding forty acres, as may be determined
by the secretary of the interior to be neces-
sary for the proper prospecting- for or de-
velopment, extraction, treatment and removal
of such mineral deposits.

Oil and Gas. ,

The secretary of the interior is authorized
to grant to any applicant qualified under this
act a prospecting permit, which shall give the
exclusive right, for a period not exceeding two
years, to prospect for oil or gas upon not to
exceed 2,560 acres of land wherein such
deposits belong to the United States and are
not within any known geological structure of
a producing oil or gas field, upon condition that
the permittee shall beg-in drilling- operations
within six months from the date of the per-
mit, and shall within one year from and after
the date of permit drill one or more wells for
oil or gas to a depth of not less than 500 feet
each, unless valuable deposits of oil or gas
shall be sooner discovered, and shall within two
years from date of the permit, drill for oil
or gas to an aggregate depth of not less than
2,000 feet unless valuable deposits of oil or
gas shall be sooner discovered. The secretary
of the interior may if he shall find that the
permittee has been unable- with the exercise
of diligence to test the land in the time grant-
ed by the permit, extend any such permit for
such time, not exceeding two years and upon
such conditions as he shall prescribe. Whether
the lands sought in any such application and
permit are surveyed or unsurveyed the appli-
cant shall, prior to filing his application for
permit, locate such 'lands in a reasonably com-
pact form and according to the legal subdivi-
sions of the public land surveys if the land
be surveyed: and in an approximately square
or rectangular tract if the land be an unsurveyed
tract, the length of which shall not exceed
two and one-half times its width, and if he
Shall cause to be erected upon the land for
which a permit is sought a monument not less
than four feet high, at some conspicuous place
thereon, and shall post a notice in writing
on or near said monument, stating that an
application for permit will be .made within
thirty days after date of posting said notice.
the name of the applicant, the date of the
notice and such general description of the
land to be covered by such permit by reference
to courses and distances from such monument

and such other natural objects and permanent
monuments as will reasonably identify the
land, stating the amount thereof in acres, he
shall during the period of thirty days follow-
ing- such marking and posting, be entitled to a
preference right over others to a permit for the
land so identified. The applicant shall, within
ninety days after receiving a permit, mark
each of the corners of the tract described in
the permit upon the ground with substantial
monuments, so that the boundaries can be
readily traced on the ground, and sh-all post
in a conspicuous place upon the lands a notice
that such permit has been granted and a
description of the lands covered thereby: Pro-
vided, That in the territory of Alaska prospect-
ing permits not more than five in number may
be granted to any qualified applicant for
periods not exceeding four years, actual drill-
ing operations shall begin within two years
from date of permit and oil and gas wells shall
be drilled to a depth 9f not less than 500 feet,
unless valuable dep9sits of oil or gas shall be
sooner discovered within threa years from date
of the permit, and to an aggregate depth of
not less than 2,000 feet unless valuable de-
posits of oil or gas shall be sooner discovered,
within four years from date of permit: Pro-
vided further, That in said territory the appli-
cant shall have a preference right over others
to a permit for land identified by temporary
monuments and notice posted on or near the
same for six months following such marking
and posting, and upon receiving a permit he
shall' mark the corners of the tract described
in the permit upon the ground with substan-
tial monuments within one year after receiv-
ing such permit.

Upon establishing to the satisfaction of the
secretary of the interior that valuable deposits
of oil or gas have been discovered within the
limits of the land embraced in any permit,
the permittee shall be entitled to a lease for
one-fourth of the land embraced in the pros-
pecting permit: Provided, That the permittee
shall be granted a leass for as much as 160
acres of the lands, if there be that number of
acres within the permit. The area to be
selected by the permittee shall be in compact
form and if surveyed to be described by the
legal subdivisions of the public-land surveys:
if unsurveyed, to be surveyed by the govern-
ment at the expense of the applicant; deposits
made to cover expense of surveys shall be
deemed appropriated for that purpose and any
excess deposits may be repaid to the person
or persons making such deposit or their legal
representatives. Such leases shall be for a
term of twenty years upon a royalty at 5
per centum in amount or value of the pro-
duction and the annual payment in advance
of a rental of $1 per acre, the rental paid for
any one year to be credited against the royal-
ties as they accrue for that year, with the
right of renewal as prescribed in a following
section. The permittee shall also be entitled
to a preference right to a lease for the re-
mainder of the land in his prospecting permit
at a royalty of not less than 12% per centum
in amount or value of the production and
under such other conditions as are fixed for
oil or gas leases in this act, the royalty to be
determined by competitive bidding or fixed by
such other method as the secretary may by
regulations prescribe: Provided, That the sec-
retary shall have the right to reject any or
all bids.

Until the permittee shall apply for lease to
the one quarter of the permit area hereto-
fore provided for he shall pay to the United
States 20 per centum of the gross value of
all oil or gas secured by him from the lands
embraced within his permit and sold or other-
wise disposed of or held by him for sale or
other disposition.

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

137

All permits and leases of lands containing
oil or gas, made or issued under the provisions
of this act, shall be subject to the condition
that no wells shall be drilled within 200 feet
of any of the outer boundaries of the lands
so permitted or leased, unless the adjoining 1
lands have been patented or the title thereto
otherwise vested in private owners and to the
further condition that the permittee or lessee
will, in conducting- his explorations and mining'
operations, use all reasonable precautions to
prevent waste of oil or gas developed in the
land or the entrance of water through wells
drilled by him to the oil sands or oil-bearing
etrata. to the destruction or injury of the oil
deposits. Violations of the provisions of this
section shall constitute grounds for the for-
feiture of the permit or lease, to be enforced
through appropriate proceedings in courts of
competent jurisdiction.

All unappropriated deposits of oil or gas
situated within the known geologic structure
of a producing oil or gas field and the un-
entered lands containing the same, not subject
to preferential lease, may be leased by the
secretary of the interior to the highest respon-
sible bidder by competitive bidding under gen-
eral regulations to qualified applicants in
areas not exceeding 640 acres and in tracts
which shall not exceed in length two and
one-half times their width, such leases to be
conditioned upon the payment by the lessee of
such bonus as may be accepted and of such
royalty as may be fixed in the lease, which
shall not be less than 12% per centum in
amount or value of the production, and the
payment in advance of a rental of not less
than $1 per acre per annum thereafter during
the continuance of the lease, the rental paid
for any one year to be credited against the
royalties as they accrue for that year. Leases
shall be for a period of twenty years, with the
preferential right in the lessee to renew the
same for successive periods of ten years upon
such reasonable terms and conditions as may
be prescribed by the secretary of the interior,
unless otherwise provided by law at the time
of the expiration of such periods. Whenever
the average daily production of any oil well
ehall not exceed ten barrels per day, the secre-
tary of the interior is authorized to reduce the
royalty on future production when in his judg-
ment the wells cannot be successfully operated
upon the royalty fixed in the lease. The pro-
visions of this paragraph shall apply to all
oil and gas leases made under this act.

Upon relinquishment to the United States,
filed in the general land office within six
months after the approval of this act. of all
right, title and interest claimed and possessed
prior to July 3, 1910, and continuously since
by the claimant or his predecessor in interest
tinder the pre-existing placer mining law to any
oil or gas bearinsr land upon which there has
been drilled one or more oil or gas wells to
discovery embraced in the executive order of
withdrawal issued Sept. 27. 1909, and not
within any naval petroleum reserve, and upon
payment as royalty to the United States of an
amount equal to the value at the time of pro-
duction of one-eighth of all the oil or gas
already produced except oil or gas used for
production purposes on the claim, or unavoid-
ably lost, from such land, the claimant or his
successor, if in possession of such land, undis-
puted by any other claimant prior to July 3,
1919. shall be entitled to a lease thereon from
the United States for a period of twenty years,
at a royalty of not less than 12% per centum
of all the oil or gas produced except oil or
gas used for production purposes on the claim,
or unavoidably lost : Provided. That not more
than one-half of the area, but in no case to
exceed 3.200 acres, within the geologic oil or
gas structure of a producing oil or gas field

shall be leased to any one claimant under the
provision of this section when the area of
such geplogic oil structure exceeds 640 acres
Any claimant or his successor, subject to this
limitation, shall, however, have the right to
select and receive the lease as in this section
provided for that portion of his claim or
claims equal to, but not in excess of, said
one-half of the area of such geologic oil
structure, but not more than 3.200 acres.

All such leases shall be made and the
amount of royalty to be paid for oil and gas
produced, except oil or gas used for production
purposes on the claim or unavoidably lost,
after 'the execution of such lease shall be fixed
by the secretary of the interior under ap-
propriate rules and regulations: Provided,
however. That as to all like claims situate
within any naval petroleum reserve the pro-
ducing wells thereon only shall be leased, to-
gether with an area of land sufficient for the
operation thereof, upon the terms and payment
of royalties for past and future production as
herein provided for in the leasing of claims.
No wells shall be drilled in the land subject 10
this provision within 660 feet of any such
leased well without the consent of the lessee:
Provided, however. That the president may in
his discretion lease the remainder or any part
of any such claim upon which such wells
have been drilled, and in the event of such
leasing said claimant or his successor shall
have a preference right to such lease: And
provided further. That he may permit the drill-
ing of additional wells by the claimant or his
successor within the limited area of 660 feet
theretofore provided for upon such terms and
conditions as he may prescribe.

No claimant for a lease who has been guilty
of any fraud or who had knowledge or rea-
sonable grounds to know of any fraud, or who
has not acted honestly and in good faith, shall
be entitled to any of the benefits of this
section.

Upon the delivery and acceptance of the
lease, as in this section provided, all suits
brought by the government affecting such
lands may be settled and adjusted in accord-
ance herewith and all moneys impounded in
such suits or under the act entitled "An act
to amend an act entitled 'An act to protect the
locators in good faith of oil and gas lands who
shall have effected an actual discovery of oil
or gas on the public lands of the United States
or their successors in interest.' aonroved March
2. 1911." approved Aug. 25. 1914, shall be
paid over to the parties entitled thereto. In
case of conflicting claimants for leases under
this section, the secretary of the interior is
authorized to grant leases to one or more of
them as shall be deemed just. All leases here-
under shall inure to the benefit of the claim-
ant and all persons claiming through or under
him by lease, contract or otherwise, as their
interests may appear, subject, however, to the
same limitation as to area and acreage as is
provided for claimant in this section: Provid-
ed. That no claimant acquiring any interest
in such lands since Sept. 1, 1919. from a
claimant on or since said date claiming or
holding more than the maximum allowed
claimant under this section shall secure a lease
thereon or any interest therein, but the in-
hibition of this proviso shall not apply to an
exchange of any interest in such lands made
prior to the 1st day of January. 1920, which
did not increase or reduce the area or acreage
held or claimed in excess of said maximum by
either party to exchange: Provided further,
Thfit no lease or leases und?r this section
shall be granted, nor shall any interest therein
inure to any person, association or corpora-
tion for a greater aggregate area or acreage
than the maximum in this section provided
for.

138

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Whenever the validity of any eras or petro-
leum placer claim under pre-existing- law to
land embraced in the executive order of with-
drawal issued Sept. 27, 1909, has been or
may hereafter be drawn in question on be-
half of the United States in any departmental
or judicial proceedings, the president is au-
thorized at any time within twelve months
after the approval of this act to direct tho
compromise and (Settlement of -any such con-
troversy upon such terms and conditions as
may be agreed uppn, to be carried out by an
exchange or division of land or division of
the proceeds of operation.

Any person who on Oct. 1. 1919. was a
bona fide oocupartt or claimant of oil or gas
lands under a claim initiated while such lands
were not withdrawn from oil or eras location
and entry, and who had previously performed
all acts under then existing- laws necessary
to valid locations thereof except to make dis-
covery and upon which discovery had not
been made prior to the passage of this act,
and who has performed work or expended
on or for the benefit of such locations an
amount equal in the aggregate of $350 for
each location, if application therefor shall be
made within six months from the passage of
this act shall be entitled to prospecting per-
mits thereon upon the same terms and con-
ditions and limitations as to acreage as other
permits provided for in this act. or where any
such person has heretofore made such dis-
covery he shall be entitled to a lease thereon
under such terms as the secretary of the in-
terior may prescribe unless otherwise provided
lor in the preceding section: Provided. That
where such prospecting permit is granted
upon land within any known geologic structure
of a producing oil or gas field, the royalty to
be fixed in any lease thereafter granted there-
on or -any portion thereof shall be not less
than 12% per centum of all the oil or gas
produced except oil or gas used for produc-
tion purposes on the claim, or unavoidably
lost: Provided, however. That the provisions
of this section shad! not apply to lands re-
served for the use of the navy: Provided,
however. That no claimant for a permit or
lease wno has been guilty of any fraud or who
had knowledge or reasonable grounds to know
of any fraud, or w*ho has not acted hon-
estly and in good faith, shall be entitled
to any of the benefits of this section.

All permits or leases hereunder shall inure
to the benefit of the claimant and all per-
sons claiming through .or undpr him by lease,
contract or otherwise, as their interests may
appear.

In tfhe case of lands bona fide entered as
agricultural and not withdrawn or classified
as mineral at tftie time of entry, but not
including lands claimed under any railroad
grant, the entryman or patentee, or assigns,
where assignment was made prior to Jan.
1. 1918. if 'the entry has been patented with
the mineral right reserved, shall be entitled
to a preference right to a permit and to a
lease, as herein provided, in case of discovers';
and within an area not greater than a town-
ship such entryman and patentees, or assigns
holding restricted patents, may combine their
holdings, not to exceed 2,560 acres, for the
purpose of making joint application. Leases
executed under this section and embracing
only lands so entered shall provide for the
payment of a royalty of not less than 12%
per centum as to such areas within the per-
mit as may not be included within the dis-
covery lease to which the permittee is en-
titled under section 14 hereof.
Oil Shale.

The secretary of the interior is hereby au-
thorized to lease to any person or corpora-
tion qualified under this act any deposits

of oil sluale belonging to the United States
and the surface of so much of the public lands
containing- such deposits, or land adjacent
thereto, as may be required for the extraction
and reduction of the leased minerals, under
such rules and regulations not inconsistent
with this act as he may prescribe; that no
lease hereunder shall exceed 5,120 acres of
land, to be described by the legal subdivisions
of the public-land surveys, or if unsurveyed, to
be surveyed by the United States at the
expense of the applicant. Leases may be for
indeterminate periods, upon such conditions
as may be imposed by the secretary of the
interior, including covenants relative to meth-
ods of mining, prevention of waste and pro-
ductive development. For the privilege of
mining, extracting and disposing of the oil
or other minerals covered by a lease under
this section the lessee shall pay to the United
States such royalties as shall be specified in
the lea.se and an annual rental, payable at the
beginning of each year, at the rate of 50 cents
per acre per annum, for the lands included
in the lease, the rental paid, for any one year
to be credited against the royalties accruing
for that year; such 'royalties to be subject to
readjustment at the end of each twenty year
period by the secretary of the interior: Pro-
vided, That for the purpose of encouraging
the production of petroleum products from
shales the secretary may. in his discretion.,
waive the payment of any royalty and rental
during the first five years of any lease: Pro-
vided. That any person having a valid claim
to such minerals under existing laws on Jan.
1. 19)1-9, shall, upon the relinquishment of
sudi claim, be entitled to a lease under the
provisions of this section for such area of the
land relinquished as shall not exceed the max-
imum area authorized by this section to be
leased to an individual or corporation: Pro-
vided, however. That no claimant for a lease
who has been guilty of any fraud or who
had knowledge or reasonable grounds to know
of any fraud, or who has not acted honestly
and in good fait'h, shall be entitled to any
of the benefits of this section: Provided fur-
ther. That not more than one lease shall
be granted under this section to any one per-
son, association or corporation.
Alaska Oil Proviso.

Any bona fide occupant or claimant of oil
or gas bearing lands in the territory of Alaska.
who or whose predecessors in interest prior
to withdrawal had complied otherwise with the
requirements of the mining laws, but had made
no discovery of oil or gas in wells and who
prior to withdrawal had made substantial im-
provements for the discovery of oil or gas
on or for each location or had prior to the
pass-age of this act expended not less than
$250 in improvements on or for each loca-
tion shall be entitled, upon reli'nquiishment
or surrender to the United States within one
year from the date of this act, or within
Six months after final denial or withdrawal
of application for paterit, to a prospecting
permit or permits, lease or leases, under this
act covering such lands, not exceeding five
permits -or leases in number and not exceed-
ing an aggregate of 1.280 acres in each : Pro-
vided. That leases in Alaska under this act
whether as a result of prospecting permits or
otherwise shall 0>e upon such rental and roy-
alties as shall be fixed by the secretary of
the interior and specified in the lease, and be
subject to readjustment at the end of each
twenty year period of the lease: Provided
further. That for the purpose of encouraging
the production of petroleum products in Alas,
ka the secretary may, in his discretion, waive
the payment of any rental or royalty not
exceeding the first five years of any lease.

No claimant for a lease who has been guilty

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

of any fraud or who had knowledge or rea-
sonable grounds to know of any fraud, or who
has not acted honestly and in good faith,
Shall be entitled to any of the benefits of
this section.

Sodium.

The secretary of the interior is authorized
and directed to grant to any qualified appli-
cant a prospecting- permit which shall give
the exclusive right to prospect for chlorides,
sulphates, carbonates, borates, silicates or
nitrates of sodium dissolved in and soluble in
water and accumulated by concentration in
lands belonging- to the United States, for a pe-
riod of not exceeding- two years: Provided.
That the area to be included in such a permit
shall be not exceeding- 2,560 acres of land in
reasonably compact form: Provided further.
That the provisions of this section shall not
supply to lands in San Bernardino county, Cal.
Upon showing 1 to the satisfaction of the sec
retary of the interior that valuable deposits
of one of the substances enumerated in the
preceding- section hereof has been discoverec
by the permittee within the area covered by
his permit and that such land is chiefly valu-
able therefor the permittee shall be entitlec
to a lease for one-half of the land embracec
in the prospecting- permit, at a royalty oJ
not less than one-eighth of the amount or
value of the production, to be taken and de-
scribed by leg-al subdivisions of the public-
land surveys, or if the land be not surveyed
by survey executed at the cost of the permittee
in accordance with the rules and regulations
to be prescribed by the secretary of the in-
terior. The permittee shall also have the
preference right to lease the remainder of the
lands embraced within the limits of his per-
mit -at a royalty of not less than one-eig-hth
of the amount or value of the production to
be fixed by the secretary of the interior.
Lands known to contain such valuable deposits
as are enumerated in the foregoing- section
hereof and not covered by permits or leases,
shall be held subject to lease, and may be
leased by the secretary of the interior through
advertisement, competitive bidding- or such
other methods as he may by general regula-
tions adopt, and inusuch areas as he shall fix.
not exceeding- 2.5(W acres: all leases to be
conditioned upon the payment by the lessee
of such royalty of not less than one-eighth
of the amount or value of the production as
may be fixed in the lease, and the payment
in advance of a rental of 50 cents per acre
for the first calendar year or fraction thereof
and $1 per acre per annum thereafter during
the continuance of the lease, the rental paid
for any one year to be credited on the royalty
for that year. Leases may be for indetermi-
nate periods, subject to readjustment at the
end of each twenty year period, upon such con-
ditions not inconsistent herewith as may be
incorporated in each lease or prescribed in
g-eneral regulation theretofore issued by the
secretary of the interior, including- covenants
relative to mining- methods, waste, period of
preliminary development and minimum produc-
tion, and a, lessee under this section may be
lessee of the remaining- lands in his permit.
In addition to areas of such mineral land
which may be included in any such prospecting-
permits or leases, the secretary of the inte-
rior, in his discretion, may grant to a per-
mittee or lessee of lands containing- sodium
deposits, and subject to the payment of an
annual rental of not less than 25 cents per
acre, the .exclusive right to use, during- the
life of the permit or lease, a tract of unoccu-
pied nonmineral public land, not exceeding-
forty acres in area, for camp sites, refining
works, and other purposes connected with and
necessarf to the proper development and use
of the deposits covered by the permit or lease.

General Provisions Applicable to Coal. Phos-
phate, Sodium, Oil, Oil S/iale and Gas
Leases,

The secretary of the interior hall reserve
and may exercise the authority to cancel any
prospecting- permit upon failure by the per-
mittee to exercise due diligence in the prose-
cution of the prospecting- work in accordance
with the terms and conditions stated in the
permit, .and shall insert in every such per-
mit issued under the provisions of this act
appropriate provisions for its cancellation by
him.

No person, association or corporation, ex-
cept as herein provided, shall take or hold
more than one ooal, phosphate or sodium lease
during- the life of such lease in any one state;
no person, association or corporation shall take
or hold at one time more than three oil or
gas leases granted hereunder in any one state,
and not more than one lease within the geo-
logic structure of the same producing- oil or
gas field; no corporation shall hold any in-
terest as a stockholder of another corporation
in more than such number of leases: and no
person or corporation shall take or hold any
interest or interests as a member of a.n associa-
tion or associations or as a stockholder of a
corporation or corporations holding a lease
under the provisions hereof which, together
with the area embraced in any direct holding
of a lease under this act, or which, together
with any other interest or interests as a
member of an association or associations
or as a stockholder of a corporation or cor-
porations holding a lease under the provisions
hereof, for any kind of mineral leased here-
under. exceeds in the aggregate an amount
equivalent to the maximum number of acres
of the respective kinds of minerals allowed
to any one lessee under this act. Any inter-
ests held in violation of this act shall be for-
feited to the United States by appropriate
proceedings instituted by the attorney-general
for that purpose in the United States District
court for the district in which the property
or some part thereof is located, except that
any ownership or interest forbidden in this
act which may be acquired by descent, will,
judgment or decree may be held for two years
and not longer after its acquisition: Provided.
That nothing herein contained shall be con-
strued to prevent any number of lessees un-
der the provisions of this act from com-
bining their several interests so far as may be
necessary for the purposes of constructing and
carrying on the business of a refinery, or of
establishing and constructing as a common
carrier a pipe line or lines of railroads to
be operated and used by them jointly in the
transportation of oil from their several wells,
or from the wells of other lessees under this
ect. or the transportation of coal: Provided
further. That any combination for such pur-
pose or purposes shall be subject to the ap-
proval of the secretary of the interior on
application to him for permission to form
the same: And provided further. That if any
of the lands or deposits leased under the
provisions of this act shall be subleased,
trusteed, possessed or controlled by any device
permanently, temporarily, directly, indirectly,
tacitly or in any manner whatsoever, so that
ihey form part of or are in anywise controlled
by any combination in the form of an unlaw-
ful trust, with consent of lessee, or form the
subject of any contract or conspiracy in re-
straint of trade in the mining or selling- of
coal, phosphate, oil, oil shale, gas or sodium
entered into by the lessee, or any agreement
or understnnding-. written, verbal or other-
wise, to which such lessee shall be a party,
of which his or its output is to be or be-
come the subject, to control the price or prices
hereof or of any holding of such lands by any

140

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

individual, partnership, association, corpora-
tion or control, in excess of the amounts
of lands provided in this act. the lease thereof
shall be forfeited by appropriate court pro-
ceedings.

Rights of way through the public lands,
including- the forest reserves, of the United
States are hereby granted for pipe-line pur-
poses for the transportation of oil or natural
g-as to any applicant to the extent of the
ground occupied by the said pipe line and
twenty-five feet on each side of the same un-
der such regulations as to survey, location,
application and use as may be prescribed by
tha secretary at. the interior and upon th2
express condition that such pipe lines shall
be constructed, operated and maintained as
common carriers: Provided. That the govern-
ment shil! in express terms reserve and shall
provide in every lease of oil lands hereunder
that the lessee, assignee or beneficiary, if
owner or operator or owner of a controlling
interest in any pipe line or of any company
operating the same which may be operated
accessible to the oil derived from lands under
such lease, shall at reasonable rates and
without discrimination accept and convey the
oil of the government or of any citizen or
company not the owner of any pipe line, oper-
ating a lease or purchasing gas or oil under
the provisions of this act: Provided further,
That no right of way shall hereafter be
granted over said lands for the transportation
of oil or natural gas except under and sub-
ject to the provisions, limitations and condi-
tions of this section. Failure to comply
with the provisipns of this section or th3
regulations prescribed by the secretary of the
interior shall be ground for forfeiture of the
grant by the United States District court for
the district in which the property, or some
part thereof, is located, in an, -appropriate pro-
ceeding.

Any permit, lease, occupation or use per-
mitted under this act shall reserve to the
secretary of the interior the right to permit
upon such terms as he may determine to be
just, for joint or several use. such easements
or rights of way. including easements in
tunnels upon, through, or in the lands leased,
occupied or used as may be necessary or ap-
propriate to the working of the same, or of
other lands containing the deposits described
in this act, and the treatment and shipment
of the products thereof by or under authority
of the government, its lessees or permittees,
and for other public purposes: Provided, That
said secretary, in his discretion, in making
any lease under this act, may reserve to the
United States the right to lease, sell or
otherwise disppse of the surface of the lands
embraced within such lease under existing law
or laws hereafter enacted, in so far as said
surface is not necessary for use of the lessee
in extracting and removing the deposits there-
in: Provided further, That if such reservation
is made it shall be so determined before the
offering of such lease: And provided further.
That the secretary, during the life of the
lease, is authorized to issue such permits for
easements herein provided to be reserved.

No lease issued under the authority of this
act shall be assigned or sublet, except with
the consent of the secretary of the interior.
The less?e may. in the discretion of the sec-
retary of the interior, be permitted at any
time to make written relinquishment of all
rights under such a lease and upon accept-
ance thereof be thereby relieved of all futiire
obligations under said lease, and may with
like consent surrender any legal subdivision of
the area included within the lease. Each
lease shall contain provisions for the purpose
of insuring the exercise of reasonable dili-
gence, skill and care in the operation of said

property: <a provision that such rules for the
safety and welfare of the miners and for the
prevention of undue waste as may be pre-
scribed by said secretary shall be observed,
including a restriction of the workday to not
exceeding eight hours in any one day for
xuiderground workers except in cases of emer-
gency: provisions prohibiting the employment
of any boy under the age of 16 or the
employment of any girl or woman without
regard to age in any mine below the sur-
face: provisions securing the Nyprkmen com-
plete freedom of purchase; provision requiring-
the payment of wages at least twice a month
in lawful money of the United States, and
providing proper rules and regulations to in-
sure the fair and just weighing or measure-
ment of the coal mined by each miner and
such other provisions as he may deem nec-
essary to insure <the sale of the production of
such leased lands to the United States and to
the public at reasonable prices, for the pro-
tection of the interests of the United States,
for the prevention of monopoly and for tho
safeguarding of the public welfare: Provided.
That none of such provisions shall be in con-
flict with the laws of the state in which the
leased property is situated.

Sec. 31. That any lease issued under the
provisions of this act may be forfeited and
canceled by an appropriate proceeding in the
United States District court for the district in
which the property or some part thereof is lo-
cated whenever the lessee fails to comply with
any of the provisions of this act, of the lease,
or of the general regulations promulgated un-
der this act and in force at the date of the
lease: and the lease may provide for the re-
sort to appropriate methods for the settlement
of disputes or for remedies for breach of spec-
ified conditions thereof.

The secretary of the interior is authorized to
prescribe necessary and proper ruies and reg-
ulations and to do any and all things neces-
sary to carry out and accomplish the pur-
poses of this act, also to fix and determine the
boundary lines of any structure, or oil or gas
field, for the purposes of this act: Provided,
That nothing in this act shall be construed
or held to affect the rights of the states or
other local authority to Ixercise any rights
which they may have, including the right to
levy and collect taxes upon improvements,
output of mines, or other rights, property or
assets of any lessee of the United States.

All statements, representations or reports re-
quired by the secretary of the interior under
this act shall ba upon oath, unless- otherwise
specified by him, and in such fo.m and upon
such blanks as the secretary of the interior
may require.

The provisions of this act shall also apply
to all deposits of coal, phosphate, sodium, oil,
oil shale or gas in the lands of the United
States, which lands may have been or may be
disposed of under laws reserving- to the United
States such deposits, with the right to prospect
for, mine and remove the same, subject to
such conditions as are or may hereafter be
provided by such laws reserving- such deposits.

Ten per centum of all money received from
sales, bonuses, royalties and rentals under the
provisions of this act, excepting- those from
Alaska, shall "be paid into the treasury of
the United States and credited to miscellaneous
receipts: for pa?t production 70 per centum
and for future production 52% per centum of
the amounts derived from such bonuses, royal-
ties and rentals shall be paid into, reserved
and appropriated as a part of the reclamation
fund creaited by the act of congress, and for
past production 20 per centum and for future
production 37% per centum of the amounts
derived from such bonuses, royalties and rent-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

141

als shall be paid by the secretary of* the treas-
ury after the expiration of each fiscal year to
the state within the boundaries of which the
leased lands or deposits are or were located,
said moneys to be used by such state or sub-
divisions thereof for the construction an<l
maintenance of public roads or for the support
of public schools or other public educational
institutions, as the legislature of the state
may direct: Provided. That all moneys which
may accrue to the United States under th->
provisions of this act from lands within the
naval petroleum reserves shall be deposited in
the treasury as "miscellaneous receipts."

All royalty accruing- to the United States
under any oil or ? lease or permit under this
act on demand of the secretary of the interior
shall be paid in oil or gas.

Upon granting- any oil or gas lease under
this act, and from time to time thereafter dur-
ing- the lease, the secretary of the interior
shall, except whenever in his judgment it is
desirable to retain the same for the use of the
United States, offer for sale for such period
as he may determine, upon notice and adver-
tisement on sealed bids or at public auction,
all royalty, oil and g-;is accruing- or reserved to
the United States under such lease. Such
advertisement and sale shall reserve to the
secretary of the interior the right to reject
all bids whenever within his judg-ment the in-
terest of the United States demands; and in
cases where no satisfactory bid is received or
where the accepted bidder fails to complete
the purchase or where the secretary of the
interior shall determine that it is unwise in
the public interest to accept the offer of the
highest bidder, the secretary of the interio -,
within his discretion, may readvertise such
royalty for sale, or sell at private sale at not
less than the market price for such period or
accept the value thereof from the lessee: Pro-
vided, however. That pending- the making- of
a permanent contract for the sale of any royal-
ty, oil or g-as as herein provided, the secre-
tary of the interior may sell the current
product at private sale, at not less than the
market price: And provided further. That any
royalty, oil or gas may be sold at not less
than the market price at private sale to any
department or agency of the United States.

The deposits of coal, phosphate, sodium, oil,
oil shale and gras herein referred to, in lands
valuable for such minerals, including lands
and deposits described in the joint resolution
entitled "joint resolution authorizing 1 the sec-
retary of the interior to permit the continua-
tion of coal mining- operations on certain lands
in Wyoming-," approved Aug-. 1, 1912, shall
be subject to disposition only in the form
and manner provided in this act. except as to
valid claims existent at date of passage of this
act and thereafter maintained in compliance
with the laws voider which initiated, which
claims may be perfected under such laws, in-
cluding- discovery.

Until otherwise provided, the secretary of
the interior shall be authorized to prescribe
fees and commissions to be paid registers and
receivers of United States land offices on ac-
count of business transacted under the pro-
visions of this act. (Approved Feb. 25, 1920.)

CONSTRUCTION WORK AT MILITARY

POSTS.

The act amends the army appropriation act
for 1920 by substituting- the words "the in-
fantry school, Oamp Benning-. Georgia." for
"the infantry- school of arms at Fort Sill,
Oklahoma" and the "infantry school of arms.
Fort Sill, Oklahoma." wherever they appear.
The third paragraph under the heading "Re-
serve Corps" and subheading "Ordnance Sup-
plies for Military Equipment of Schools and
Colleges" is amended so as to read as follows :

"That no part of any of the appropriations
made herein nor any of the unexpended bal-
ances of appropriations heretofore made for
the support and maintenance of the army or
the military establishment shall be expended
for the purchase of real esta-te or for the
construction of army camps or cantonments,
except in such cases at national army or
national guard camps or cantonments which
were in use prior to Nov. 11. 1918. where
it has been or may be found more economical
to the government, for the purpose of salvag-
ing such campe or cantonments, to buy real
estate than to continue to pay rentals or
claims for damages thereon, and except where
indiistrial plants have been constructed or
taken over by the governmnt for war pur-
poses and the purchase of land is neces-
sary in order to protect the interest of the
government: Provided. That there may be ex-
pended for the purposes hereinafter specified,
from the unexpended balances of appropria-
tions heretofore mad? for the support and
maintenance of the army or the military estab-
lishment which are available for such pur-
poses, and when any such balances are ex-
hausted, from the appropriations made for
such purposes under this act. the sereral
sums as follows:

"Infantry.

"To complete the infantry school at Camp
Benning. Georgia: For the purchase of real
estate. $515.252; for the construction and
completion of buildings and the sixty centi-
meter engineer railroad, now in process of con-
struction. $320,000; total for infantry school,
$835.250; Provided. That no part of the un-
expended balances of appropriations hereto-
fore made for the support of the army shall be
expended for construction at Camp Gordon,
Georgia, and the secretary of war is hereby
directed to sell the real estate and buildings
of said camp to the best advantage of the
government, the proceeds of such sale to be
covered into the treasury to the credit of mis-
cellaneous receipts: Provided further. That said
sale shall not be made prior to June 30.
1921.

"Motor Transport Corps.

"To complete motor transport schools as
follows:

"At Camp Holabird, Maryland: For the pur-
chase of real estate. $140.000.

"At Camp Normoyle. Texas: For the con-
struction and completion of main shops. $30.-
000: for the purchase of real estate, $2,500:
for the construction and erection of steel
storage buildings. $161.000; in all. $193.500.

"Coast Artillery.

"For* the purchase of real estate at Camp
Eustis, Virginia, $42,198.

"Field Artillery.

"To complete field artillery training centers:
"At Camp Knox, Kentucky: For the pur-
chase of real estate $811,338: Provided. That
no land shall be purchased west of the Illi-
nois Central railroad tracks and north of the
Tip Top-Grayhampton road; for general con-
struction work. $50,000: for completion of
the Dixie highway, $100,000: for plumbing.
heating and refrigeration. $25.000; total for
Camp Knox, $986.338; Provided, That no part
of the unexpended balances of appropriations
heretofore made for the support of the army
shall be expended for construction at Camp
Taylor, Kentucky, and the secretary of war is
hereby directed to sell the real estate and
buildings of said camp to the best advantage
of the government, whenever conditions are
such that Camp Knox is prepared to take
over the field artillery school now being con-
dueled at Camp Taylor, Kentucky, and in no
event later than June 30, 1921, the proceeds

142

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

of such sale to be covered into the treasury to
the credit of miscellaneous receipts.

"At Camp Bragg. North Carolina: For the
purchase of real estate, ii.128.000; for con-
struction, as follows: For hospital, painting 1
and carpentry. 83.000: for glazing- one hangar.
$1.000: for siding 1 on the administration build-
ing-. 81.500: for gravel roads in reservation,
810.000: for gravel road to Fayetteville, N. C..
8-5.000: for incidental work and miscella-
neous. 82.500: total for Camp Bragg. 81.173 -
000: Provided. That no part of the unexpended
balances of appropriations heretofore made
for the supp9rt of the army shall be expended
for construction at Camp Eustis. Virginia, and
the secretary of war is hereby directed to
sell the real estate and buildings of said
camp to the best advantage of the govern-
ment, the proceeds of such sale to be covered
into the treasury to the credit of miscellaneou-s
receipts: Provided further. That said sale shall
not be made prior to June 30. 1921.

"Engineer Corps.

"To complete the engineer training- camp at
damp A. A. Humphreys, Virginia: For the
purchase of real estate. 820.455.

"Signal Corps.

"To complete the signal corps camp at Camp
Afred Vail, New Jersey: For the purchase of
real estate. $110,000.

"Regular Army Posts.

"To complete the purchase of real estate:

"For Watervliet arsenal extension. New York.
8236.000.

"For Kalena trat, Hawaii. $20.000.

"For Fort Revere, Massachusetts. $975.
"Chemical Warfare Service.

"To complete the purchase of real estate
at Salt Well site. Midland. Mich., $3.072.

"Edgewood arsenal. Maryland, for reservoir
and pipe lines, $7,500.

"Total for chemical warfare service, $10,-
572.

"Air Service.

"To complete air service fields, as follows:

"For hangars for storage at aviation gen-
eral supply depot at Fairfield. O.. 85.500.

"For hangars for storage at aviation gen-
eral supply depot at San Antonio, Tex., $23,-
000.

"For completion of barracks and quarters at
Fords island. Hawaii, $35.000.

"For construction of sewer system at Arca-
dia balloon school, Los Angeles. Cal., $1,500.

"For general construction at Selfridge field,
Mount Clemens. Mich.. $35.000.

"For the purchase of real estate as follows:

"For aviation general supply depot, Rich-
mond. Va.. $5.100.

"For Ellington field. Houston. Tex.. $40.642.

"For Canute field. Rantoul, 111.. $208.000.

"For Park field, Memphis. Tenn., $88,400.

"For Mather field. Sacramento. Cal.. $78.673.

"For Chapman field. Miami. Fla.. $71.500.

"For March field. Riverside. Cal.. $64,000.

"For Brooks field. San Antonio. Tex., $140,-
446.

"For Kelly field No. 2. San Antonio. Tex.,
$349.686.

"For purchase of -real estate and acquisition
of oyster rights at Langrley field. Virginia,
$12,000.

"For Scott field right of way. Belleville,
111.. $100.

"For aviation g-eneral supply depot. Middle-
town, Pa.. $50.000.

"For av-iation general supply depot. Little
Rock, Ark.. $55.000.

"For Arcadia balloon school, Los Ang-eles.
Cal., $55.655.

"Curtiss-Elmwood plant at Buffalo, N. Y.:

The secretary of war is hereby authorized to
pay to the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Cor-
poration of New York a sum not to exceed
8^,804.300.49, in full and complete settlement
and satisfaction of all charges and claims for
depreciation, wear and tear, obsolescence and
amortization, provicl ' for. growing out of or
in any manner arising from or by virtue of
bureau of aircraft production contracts num-
bered 2673. 26731. 2673 A, 2673 1 A and
2814 A; and for the purchase and acquisition
by the United States, free and clear of all
incumbnance. of the plant of the Curtiss Aero-
plane and Motor Corporation, known as the
Curtiss-Elmwood plant, situated on North
Elmwood avenue, Buffalo. N. Y.; said plant
consisting- of seventy-nine and one-tenth (79.1)
acres of land, more or less, tog-ether with all
structures, buildings, factories, warehouses,
machinery, tools, equipment and all improve-
ments, facilities and appurtenances belonging
thereto and which make up, constitute and
form the said Curtiss-Elmwood plant.

"Nitrate Plants.

"To complete the purchase of or to settle
the obligation of the government for real es-
tate contracted for in connection with the
erection of the nitrate plant at Ancor, Ham-
ilton county, O.. $180.000."

No contract for construction covered by the
appropriations corrtained in this act, or any
of the unexpended balances of appropriations
heretofore made for the support of the mili-
tary establishment, except repair work the
cost of which cannot be clearly estimated,
shall be let to any contractor under what is
known as the "cost plus," "cost plus percent-
age" or "cost plus <a fixed fee for compensa-
tion" system or form of contract: Provided,
however. That work or construction let under
such system or form of contract and now un-
der process of completion may be concluded.

Raritan Arsenal.

The secretary of war is hereby authorized
to expend such portion of the unexpended
balances of the appropriations made by the
second urgent deficiency -act. approved Oct. 6.
1917, for terminal storage and shipping build-
ings as may be necessary for the payment of
awards to cover the acquisition of the follow
ing- described real estate which has been req-
uisitioned under the provisions of section
10 of the act approved Aug. 10. 1917. to wit:
2.089 <acres of land, more or less, and appur-
tenances thereto belonging, situated near
Metuchen, in townships of Woodbridge and
Raritam, county of Middlesex. State of New
Jersey, and now occupied as an ordnance depot
and known as Raritan arsenal: Provided. That
where the title to the -above described real
estate sought to be acquired by such requisi-
tions, already served, proves to be defective
by reason of the fact that all necessary parties
in interest were not served with requisitions
or for any other reason, the secretary of
war is hereby authorized to purchase or to
acquire by condemnation or otherwise such
outstanding titles as are necessary to com-
pletely vest the fee simple title to such real
estate in the United States of America.

Walter Reed General Hospital.
No provision contained in the army appro-
priation act approved July 11. 1919. shall tx
deemed or construed to prohibit the expendi-
ture of the appropriation of $350.000 made
therein for the purchase of land contiguous
to the Walter Reed General hospital, twenty-
six and nine-tenths acres, more or less, and
the acquisition of so much of said acreage for
the amount appropriated as the secretary of
war. in his discretion, may deem to be in the
public interest. (Approved- Feb. 28, 1920.)

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

143

POSTOFFICE INVESTIGATION COMMISSION.
Section 7 of the post-office appropriation
act, approved April 24, 1920, provides:

(a) That a commission is hereby created to
be composed of the chairman and four mem-
bers of the committee on postoffices and pest
roads of the senate, appointed by the president
of the senate, the chairman and four memV-ers
of the committee on postoffices and post roads
of the house of representatives, appointed by
the speaker of the house, and a postal ex-
pert appointed by the postmaster-general. Such
commission shall, by majority vote, appoint
seven persons who are experienced in business
or commercial transactions, or represent busi-
ness or commercial organizations which make
extensive use of the postal service, to act as
an advisory council and to aid such commis-
sion in its work. Vacancies occurring- in the
commission or in such advisory council shall
be filled in the same manner as the original
appointments. No member of such advisory
council shall receive any compensation for
his services. The commission may employ and
fix the compensation of such engineers, special
experts, clerks, and other employes as it may
deem necessary: Provided, that each ex-
ecutive department and independent establish-
ment of the government is hereby directed to
furnish to the commission such engineers, spe-
cial experts, clerks and other employes as the
commission may require, whenever, in the
opinion of the head of such department or
independent establishment, the public business
thereof will not be materially affected thereby.

(b) The expenses of the commission and
of the advisory council, including- all necessary
traveling- expenses incurred by a member of
the commission, a member of the advisory
council, an engineer, special expert, clerk or
employe, under orders of the commission, in
making* any investigation or upon official
business in other places than the place of his
residence, shall be allowed and paid upon the
presentation of itemized vouchers therefor, ap-
proved by the chairman of the commission,
which approval shall be conclusive upon the
accounting- officers of the treasury department.

(c) The commission shall investigate all
present and prospective methods and systems of
handling-, dispatching-, transporting-, and de-
livering the mails and the facilities therefor:
and especially all methods and systems which
relate to the handling, delivery and dispatch*
ing of the mails in the large cities of the
United States.

On or before March 1. 1921. the commission
shall make a report to congress containing a
summary of its findings and such recommenda-
tions for legislation as it may believe to be
proper.

(d) For the purposes of this section, the
commission shall have power to summon and
compel the attendance of witnesses and the
production of documentary evidence, and to
administer oaths.

(e) The executive departments and inde-
pendent establishments of the government,
when directed by the president, shall furnish
the commission, on its request, all records,
papers and information in their possession re-
lating- to any subject of investigation by the
commission.

(f) The sum of $10.000, or so much there-
of as may be necessary, is hereby appropri-
ated, out of any money in the treasury not
otherwise appropriated, to be available imme-
diately and until July 1, 1920: and the unex-
pended balance on June 30, 1920. of any ap-
propriation for the service of the postoffice
department for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1920. or so much thereof as may be nec-
essary, is hereby appropriated, to be available

after June 30, 1920, for the purposes of this
section.

INCREASE OP PENSIONS.

Be it enacted, etc.. That every person who
served ninety days or more in the army, navy
or marine corps of the United States during the
civil war, and who has been honorably dis-
charged therefrom, or who, having so served
less than ninety days, was discharged for a
disability incurred in the service and in the
line of duty, or is now upon the pension rolls
as a civil war veteran, and every person who
served sixty days or more in the war with
Mexico, or on the coasts or frontier thereof,
or en route thereto, during the war with that
nation, and was honorably discharged there-
from, and who is now in receipt of, or en-
titled to receive under existing law, a pension
of less than $50 per month, shall, from and
after the passage of this act, be entitled to
and shall be paid a pension at the rate of $50
per month.

Sec. 2. That every person who served ninety
days or more in the army, navy or marine
corps of the United States during the civil war.
and who has been honorably discharged there-
from, or who, having so served less than nine-
ty days, was discharged for a disability in-
curred in the service and in the line of duty,
or is now upon the pension rolls as a civil
war veteran, and every person who served
sixty days or more in the war with Mexico,
or on the coasts or frontier thereof, or en
route thereto, during the war with that na-
tion, and was honorably discharged therefrom,
and who is 'flow, or hereafter may become,
by reason of age and physical or mental dis-
abilities, helpless or blind, or so nearly help-
less or blind as to require the regular personal
aid and attendance of another person, shall be
entitled to and shall be paid a pension at the
rate of $72 per month.

Sec. 3. That from and after the approval
of this act all persons whose names are on
the pension roll, and who, while in the serv-
ice of the United States in the army, navy
or marine corps during the civil war, and in
the line of duty, shall have lost one hand or
one foot or been totally disabled in the same,
shall receive a pension at the rate of $60 per
month: that all persons who, in such service
and in like manner, shall have lost an arm
at or above the elbow, or a leg at or above
the knee, or been totally disabled in the same,
shall receive a pension at the rate of $t>5
per month: that all persons who, in such
service and in like manner, shall have lost
an arm at the shoulder joint or a lee: at the
hip joint, or so near the shoulder or hip joint
or where the same is in such condition as to
prevent the use of an artificial limb, shall
receive a pension at the rate of $72 per
month: and that all persons who. in such
service and in like manner, shall have lost
one hand and one foot, or been totally dis-
abled in the same, shall receive a pension at
the rate of $90 per month.

Sec. 4. That the widow of any person who
served in the army, navy or marine corps
of the United States during the civil war for
ninety days or more, and was honorably dis-
charged from such service, or regardless of
the length of service was discharged for or
died in service of a disability incurred in the
service and in the line of duty, such widow
having been married to such soldier, sailor,
or marine prior to the 27th day of June, anno
Domini 1905, shall be entitled to and shall be
paid a pension at the .rate of $30 per month.
And this section shall apply to a fermer
widow of any person who served for ninety
days or more in the army, navy or marine
corps of the United States during- the civii

144

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

war ind was honorably discharged from such
service, or who, having- so served for less than
ninety days, was discharged for or died in
service of a disability incurred in the service
and in the line of duty, such widow having
remarried, either once or more than once after
the death of the soldier, sailor or marine,
if it be shown that such subsequent or
successive marriage has been dissolved
either by the death of the husband or hus-
bands, or by divorce without fault on the part
of the wife; and any such former widow shall
be entitled to and be paid a pension at the
rate of $30 per month; and any widow as
mentioned in this section shall also be paid
$6 per month for each child of such officer
or enlisted man under the age of 16 years,
and in case of the death or remarriage of the
widow leaving- a child or children of such
officer or enlisted man under the age of 16
years, such pension shall be paid such child
or children until the age of 16 years: Pro-
vided, That in case a minor child is insane,
idiotic or otherwise mentally or physically
helpless, the pension shall continue during the
life of such child, or during the period of such
disability, and this proviso shall apply to all
pensions heretofore granted or hereafter to be
granted under this or any former statute:
And provided further. That in case of any
widow whose name has been dropped from the
pension roll because of her remarriage, if the
pension has been granted to an insane, idiotic
or otherwise helpless chikL or to a child or
children under the age of 16 years, she shall
not be entitled to renewal of pension under
this act until that pension to such child or
children terminates, unless such child or chil-
dren be a member or members of her family
and cared for by her, and upon the renewal
of pension to such widow, payment of pension
to such child or children shall cease: And
provided further, That the rate of pension
for the widow of any person who served in
the army, navy or marine corps of the United
States in the war of 1812, or for sixty days
or more in the war with Mexico, on the coasts
or frontier thereof, or en route thereto during
the war with that nation, and was honorably
discharged therefrom, shall be $30 per month.

Sec. 5. That all army nurses of the civil
war and all dependent parents of any officer
or enlisted man who served in the civil war
whose names are now on the pension roll, or
who are now entitled to pension under any
existing law, shall be entitled to and shall be
paid a pension at the rate of $30 per month.

Sec. 6. That the pension or increase of pen-
sion herein provided for, as to all persons
whose names are now on the pension roll, or
who are now in receipt of a pension under
existing- law, shall commence at the rates
herein provided, from the date of the approval
of this act, or under section 2 hereof, when
the requisite condition is shown to exist after
the approval of this act; and as to persons
whose names are not now on the pension roll,
or who are not now in receipt of a pension
under existing- law. but who may be entitled
to pension under the provisions of this act,
such pensions shall commence from the date
of filing application therefor in the bureau
of pensions in such form as may be prescribed
by the secretary of the interior: Provided, That
as to any former widow as mentioned in section
4 hereof, who since the death of her soldier,
sailor or marine husband has remarried either
once or more than once, and such subsequent
or successive marriage has been dissolved,
either by the death of the husband or hus-
bands or by divorce without fault on the
part of the wife, and who filed her application
for pension under the act of Sept. 8, 1916 her
pension shall commence from the date when

her original application was filed 'under that
act in the bureau of pensions, and shall be at
the rate in that act provided, with increase
at the rate or rates subsequently provided for
the widows of civil war soldiers, sailors and ma-
rines and by this act from th,e date or dates
when any such subsequent act or acts took
effect or may hereafter take affect, it being
the intt-nt and purpose to give to any such
widow the same status as other widows of
civil war soldiers, sailors and marines who
have not remarried, and from the date of said
act of Sept. 8, 1916.

Sec. 7. That nothing in this act contained
shall be held to affect or diminish the addi-
tional pension to those on the roll designated
as "the army and navy medal or honor roll,"
as provided in the act of April 27, 1916. but
any increase herein provided for shall be in
addition thereto; and no pension heretofore
granted under any act. public or private, shall
be reduced by anything contained in this act.

Sec. 8. That no claim agent or attorney or
other person shall be recognized in the adjust-
ment of claims under this act, except in claims
for original pension, and in such cases no
more than the sum of $10 shall be allowed
for services in preparing, presenting or pros-
ecuting any such claim, which sum shall be
payable only on the order of the commissioner
of pensions; and any person who shall violate
any of the provisions of this section, or shall
wrongfully withhold from the pensioner or
claimant the whole or any part of a pension
allowed or due to such pensioner or claimant
under this act, shall be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof
shall, for each and every offense, be fined not
exceeding $500 or be imprisoned not exceed-
ing one year, or both, in the discretion of
the court. (Approved May 1, 1920.)

REORGANIZATION OP THE ARMY.
Be it enacted by the senate and house of
representatives of the United States of Ameri-
ca in congress assembled:

CHAPTEE I.

That the act entitled "An act for making
further and more effectual provision for the
national defense, and for other purposes," ap-
proved June 3, 1916, be amended as follows:

That section 1 of said act be. and the same
is hereby, amended by striking out the same
and inserting the following in lieu thereof:

"That the army of the United States shall
consist of the regular army, the national
guard while in the service of the United States,
and the organized reserves, including- the of-
ficers' reserve corps and the enlisted reserve
corps."

Sec. 2. That section 2 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 2. Composition of the regular army.
The regular army of the United States shall
consist of the infantry, the calvary, the field
artillery, the coast artillery corps, the air
service, the corps of engineers, the signal
corps, which shall be designated as the com-
batant arms or the line of the army; the gen-
eral staff corps; the adjutant-general's depart-
ment; the inspector-g-eneral's department; the
judg-e-advocate general's department; the quar.
termaster corps; the finance department; the
medical department; the ordnance department;
the chemical warfare service; the officers of
the bureau of insular affairs; the officers and
enlisted men under the jurisdiction of the
militia bureau; the chaplains; the professors
and cadets of the United States military acad-
emy; the present military storekeeper; detached
officers: detached enlisted men; unassigned re-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

145

emits; the Indian scouts; the officers and en-
listed men of the retired list; and such other
officers and enlisted men as are now or may
hereafter be provided for. Except in time of
war or similar emergency when the public
safety demands it, the number of enlisted men
of the regular army shall not exceed 280,000,
including the Philippine scouts.

Sec. 3. That section 3 of said act be, and the
same is hereby, amended by striking out the
same and inserting- the following- in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 3. Organization of the army. The or-
ganized peace establishment, including- the
regular army, the national guard and the or-
ganized reserves, shall include all of those di-
visions and other military organizations neces-
sary to form the basis for a complete and
immediate mobilization for the national defense
in the event of a national emergency declared
by congress. The army shall at all times be
organized so far as practicable into brigades,
divisions and army corps, and whenever the
president may deem it expedient, into armies.
For purposes of administration, training and
tactical control, the continental area of the
United States shall be divided on a basis of
military population into corps areas. Each
corps area shall contain at least one division
of the national guard or organized reserves,
and such other troops as the president may
direct. The president is authorized to group
any or all corps areas into army areas or de-
partments."

"Sec. 3a. The initial organization of the
national guard and the organized reserves.
In the reorganization of the national guard
and in the initial organization of the organized
reserves, the names, numbers and other desig-
nations, flags and records of the divisions and
subordinate units thereof that served in the
world war between April 6, 1917, and Nov.
11, 1918, shall be preserved as such as far as
practicable. Subject to revision and approval
by the secretary of war, the plans and regula-
tions under which the initial organization and
territorial distribution of the national guard
and the organized reserves shall be made, shall
be prepared by a committee of the branch
or division of the war department general staff,
hereinafter provided for, which is charged with
the preparation of plans for the national de-
fense and for the mobilization of the land
forces of the United States. For the purpose
of this task said committee shall be composed
of members of said branch or division of the
general staff and an equal number of resrve
officers, including reserve officers who hold or
have held commissions in the national guard.
Subject to general regulations approved by the
secretary of war, the location and designation
of units of the national guard and of the or-
ganized reserves entirely comprised within the
limits of any state or territory shall be de-
termined by a board, a- majority of whom
shall be reserve officers, including reserve offi-
cers who hold or have held commissions in
the national guard and recommended for this
duty by the governor of the state or terri-
tory concerned."

Sec. 4. That section 4 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 4. Officers. Officers commissioned to and
holding in the army the office of a general
officer shall hereafter be known as general
officers of the line. Officers commissioned to
and holding in the army an office other than
that of general officer, but to which the rank
of a general officer is attached, shall be known
as general officers of the staff. There shall
be one general, as now authorized by law.

until a vacancy occurs in that office, after
which it shall cease to exist. On and after
July 1, 1920, there shall be twenty-one major-
generals and forty-six brigadier-generals of the
line; 599 colonels; 674 lieutenant-colonels;
2,245 majors; 4.490 captains; 4,266 first
lieutenants; 2,694 second lieutenants; and also
the number of officers of the medical depart-
ment and chaplains, hereinafter provided for,,
professors as now authorized by law, and the
present military storekeeper, who shall here-
after have the rank, pay and allowances of
major; and the numbers herein prescribed shall
not be exceeded: Provided, That major-generals
of the line shall be appointed from officers
of the grade of brigadier-general of the line,
and brigadier-generals of the line shall be ap-
pointed from officers of the grade of colonel of
the line whose names are borne on an eligible
list prepared annually by a board of not less
than five general officers of the line, not below
the grade of major-general: Provided further.
That the first board convened after the passage
of this act may place upon such eligible list
any officer of the line of not less than twenty
two years' commissioned service.

"Officers of all grades in the infantry, cav-
alry, field artillery, coast artillery corps, corps
of engineers and medical department; officers
above the grade of captain in the signal corps,
judge-advocate general's department, quarter-
master corps, ordnance department and chemi-
cal warfare service, all chaplains and profes-
sors, and the military storekeeper shall be per-
manently commissioned in their respective
branches. All officers of the general staff
corps, inspector-general's department, bureau
of insular affairs and militia bureau shall be
obtained by detail from officers of correspond-
ing grades in other branches. Other officers
may, either detailed or with their own
consent, be permanently commissioned, in the
branches to which they are assigned for duty.
"Sec. 4a. Warrant officers. In addition to
those authorized for the army mine planter
service, there shall be not more than 1,120
warrant officers, including band leaders, who
shall hereafter be warrant officers. Appoint-
ments shall be made by the secretary of war
from among noncommissioned officers who
have had at least ten years' enlisted service;
enlisted men who served as officers of the army
at some time between April 6. 1917, and Nov.
11, 1918, and whose total service in the ar-
my, enlisted and commissioned, amounts to
five years; persons serving or who have served
as army field clerks or field clerks, quarter-
master corps; and, in the case of those who
are to be assigned to duty as band leaders,
from among persons who served as army band
leaders at some time between April 6, 1917,
and Nov. 11. 1918, or enlisted men possessing
suitable qualifications. Hereafter no appoint-
ments as army field clerks or field clerks, quar-
termaster corps, shall be made. Warrant offi-
cers other than those of the army mine planter
service shall receive base pay of $1.320 a
year and the allowances of a second lieutenant,
shall be entitled to longevity pay and to re-
tirement under the same conditions as com-
missioned officers: and shall take rank below
second lieutenants and among themselves ac-
cording to dates of their respective warrants.

"Sec. 4b. Enlisted men. On and after July
1, 1920. the grades of enlisted men shall be
such as the president may from time to time
direct, with monthly base v>ay at the rate
of $74 for the first grade, $53 for the second
grade, $45 for the third grade, $45 for the
fourth grade, $37 for the fifth grade. 535 for
the sixth grade, $30 for the seventh grade. Of
the total authorized number of enlisted men,
those in the first grade shall not exceed 0.6

146

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

per centum, those in the second grade 1.8 per
centum, those in the third grade 2 per centum,
those in the fourth grade 9.5 per centum, tbose
in the fifth grade 9.5 per centum, those in the
sixth grade 25 per centum. The temporary
increase of pay for enlisted men of the army
authorized by section 4 of the act of congress
approved May 18, 1920. shall be computed
upon the base pay provided for in this section,
and shall apply only to enlisted men of the
first five grades. The temporary allowance
of rations authorized by section 5, a.u3 the
transportation privileges authorized by section
12, of the said act, shall apply only to enlisted
men of the first three grades.

"Existing- laws providing- for continuous serv-
ice pay are repealed to take effect July 1,
1920, and thereafter enlisted men shall re-
ceive an increase of 10 per centum of their
base pay for each five years of service in the
army, or service which by existing- law is he.'d
to be the equivalent of army service, such in-
crease not to exceed 40 per centum.

"Under such regulations as the secretary of
war may prescribe, enlisted men of the sixth
and seventh grades may be rated as specialists,
and receive extra pay therefor per month, as
follows: First class, $25: second class, $20;
third class. $15; fourth class, $12; fifth class,
$8; sixth class, $3. Of the total authorized
number of enlisted men in the sixth and sev-
enth grades, those rated as specialists of the
first class shall not exceed 0.7 per centum: of
the second class. 1.4 per centum; of the third
class, 1.9 per centum; of the fourth class 4.7
per centum; of the fifth class, 5 per centum,
of the sixth class, 15.2 per centum. All laws
and parts of laws providing- for extra duty
pay tor enlisted men are repealed, to take
effect July 1. 1920: Provided, That nothing
in this section shall operate to reduce the r ay
which any existed man is now receiving-, dur-
ing- his current enlistment and while he holds
his present grade, nor to change the present
rate of pay of any enlisted men now on the
retired list.

"Sec. 4. Assignments. Officers and enl'sted
men shall be assigned to the several branches
of the army as hereafter directed, a suitable
proportion of each grade in each branch, but
the president may increase or diminish the
1 number of officers or enlisted men assigned
to any branch by not more than a total of
15 per centum: Provided, That the total num-
ber authorized in any grade by this act is
not exceeded: Provided further. That the num-
ber of enlisted men herein authorized for any
branch shall include such number of Philippine
scouts as may be organized in that branch:
Provided further. That no officer shall be trans-
ferred from one branch of the service to an-
other under the provisions of this section with-
out his own consent. Except as otherwise
herein prescribed, chiefs and assistants to the
chiefs of the several branches shall hereafter
be appointed by the president, by and with the
advice and consent of the senate, for a period
of four years, and such appointments shall
not create vacancies. Apnointment as clref
of any branch shall be made from among offi-
cers commissioned in grades not below thnt of
colonel, and as assistant from among officers
of not less than fifteen years' commissioned
service, who have demonstrated by actual and
extended service in such branch or on similar
duty that they are qualified for such appoint-
ment: Provided, That the chiefs of the sev-
eral branches shall make recommendations to
the seorptaT-y of war for the appointment of
their assistants: P^vided further. That in mak-
ing the first appointment to any surh office
created by this act, the chief of a branch may
be selected from among officers of not less
than twenty-two years' commissioned service.

Any officer who shall have served four years
as chief of a branch, and who may subse-
quently be retired, shall be retired with the
rank, pay and allowances authorized by law
for the grade held by him as such chief. In
time of peace no officer of the line shall be
or remain detailed as a member of the gen-
eral staff corps unless he has served for two
of the next preceding six years in actual com-
mand of troops of one or more of the com-
batant arms; and in time of peace every offi-
cer serving in a grade below that of brigadier-
general shall perform duty with troops of one
or more of the combatant arms for at least
one year in every period of five consecutive
years, except that officers of less than one
year's commissioned service in the regular
army may be detailed as students at service
schools: Provided, That an officer commis-
sioned in a staff corps shall not be or remain
detailed as a member of the general staff corps
unless he has served for one of the next pre-
ceding five years with troops of one or more
of the combatant arms. In the administration
of this provision, all duty performed between
April 6, 1917, and July 1, 1920, inclusive, or
as a student at service schools, other than
those of the noncombatant branches, at any
time, shall be regarded as satisfying the re-
quirements of service with combatant arms.
Existing laws in so far as they restrict the
detail or assignment of officers are hereby re-
pealed. The secretary of war shall annually
report to congress the numbers, grades, and
assignments of the officers and enlisted men
of the army, and the number, kinds and
strength of organizations pertaining to each
branch of the service."

Sec. 5. That section 5 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended 1by striking 9111
the same and inserting the following- in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 5. General staff corps. The general
staff corps shall consist of the chief of staff,
the war department general staff and the gen-
eral staff with troops. The war department
general staff shall consist of the chief of
staff and four assistants to the chief of staff
selected by the president from the general of-
ficers of the line, and eighty-eight other offi-
cers of grades not below that of captain. The
general staff with troops shall consist of such
number of officers not below the grade of
captain as may be necessary to perform the
general staff duties of the headquarters of
territorial departments, armies, army corps, di-
visions and brigades, and as military attaches
abroad. In time of peace the detail of an
officer as a member of the general staff corps
shall be for a period of four years, unless
sooner relieved, and such details shall be lim-
ited to officers whose names are borne on the
1'st of general staff corps eligibles. The initial
eligible list shall be prepared by a board con-
sisting of the general of the army, the com-
mandant of the general staff college, the com-
mandant of the general service schools, and
two other general officers of the line, selected
by the secretary of war. who are not then
members of the general staff corps. This
board shall select and report the names of all
officers of the regular army, national jruard.
and officers' reserve corps of the following
classes who are recommended by them as
qualified by education, military experience, and
character for general staff duty:

"(a) Those officers graduated from the army
staff college or the army war college prior to
July 1. 1917. who. upon graduation, were
specifically recommended for duty as command-
er or chief of staff of a division or higher
tactical unit, or for detail in the general staff
corps:

ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

147

"(b) Those officers vfho, since April 6, 1917.
have commanded a division or higher tactical
unit, or have demonstrated by actual service
in the world war that they are qualified for
general staff duty.

"After the completion of the initial general
staff corps eligible list, the name of no officer
shall be added thereto unless upon graduation!
from the general staff school he is specifically
recommended as qualified for general staff duty,
and hereafter no officer of the general staff
corps except chief of staff shall be assigned
as a member of the war department general
staff unless he is a graduate of the general
staff college or his name is borne on the initial
eligible list. The secretary of war shall pub-
lish annually the list of officers eligible for
general staff duty, and such eligibility shall be
noted in the annual army register. If at any
time the number of officers available and eli-
gible for detail to the general staff is not
sufficient to fill all vacancies therein, majors
or captains may be detailed as acting general
staff officers under such regulations as the
president may prescribe: Provided. That in or-
der to insure intelligent co-operation between
the general staff and the several noncombatant
branches officers of such branches may be de-
tailed as additional members of the general
staff corps under such special regulations as
to eligibility and redetail as may be prescribed
by the president; but not more than two offi-
cers from each such branch shall be detailed
as members of the war department general
staff.

"The duties of the war department general
staff shall be to prepare plans for national
defense and the use of the military forces for
that purpose, both separately and in conjunc
tion with the naval forces, and for the mo-
bilization of the manhood of the nation and
its material resources in an emergency, to in-
vestigate and report upon all questions affect-
ing the efficiency of the army of the United
States, and its state of preparation for mili-
tary operations: and to render professional aid
and assistance to the secretary of war and the
chief of staff.

"All policies and regulations affecting the
organization, distribution and training of the
national guard and the organized reserves, and
all policies and regulations affecting the ap-
pointment, assignment, promotion and dis-
charge of reserve officers, shall be prepared by
committees of apnropriate branches or divi-
sions of the war department general staff, to
which shall be added an equal number of
reserve officers, including reserve officers who
hold or have held commissions in the national
guard, and whose names are borne on lists
of officers suitable for such duty, submitted
by the governors of the several states and ter-
ritories. For the purposes specified herein,
they shall be regarded as additional members
of the general staff while so serving: Provided,
That prior to Jan. 1, 1921, national guard
officers who do not hold reserve commissions,
if recommended by the governors of the sev-
eral states and territories, may be designated
oy the president as members of the committees
herein provided for. and while so serving such
officers shall receive the pay and allowances of
their corresponding grades in the regular army.
'The duties of the general staff with troops
shall be to render professional aid and assist-
ance to the general officers over them; to act
as their agents in harmonizing the plans,
duties and operations of the various organiza-
tions and services under their jurisdiction, in
preparing detailed instructions for the execu-
tion of the plan? of the commanding generals,
and in supervising the execution of such in-
structions.

"The chief of staff shall preside over the

war department general staff and, under the
direction of the president, or of the secretary
of war under the direction of the president,
shall cause to be made, by the war department
general staff, the necessary plans for recruit-
ing, organizing, supplying, equipping, mobiliz-
ing, training and demobilizing the army of the
United States and for the use of the military
forces for national defense. He shall trans-
mit to the secretary of war the plans and recom-
mendations prepared for that purpose by the
war department general staff and advise him
in regard thereto; upon the approval of such
plans or recommendations by the secretary of
war, he shall act as the agent of the secretary
of war in carrying the same into effect. When-
ever any plan or recommendation involving
legislation by congress affecting national de-
fense or the reorganization of the army is
presented by the secretary of war to conaress.
or to one of the committees of <-on,$ress, the
same shall be accompanied, when not incom-
patible with the public interest, by a study
prepared in the appropriate division of the
war department general staff, including the
comments and recommendations of said divi-
sion for or against such plan, and such per-
tinent comments for or against the plan as
may be made by the secretary of war. the
chief of staff, or individual officers of the di-
vision of the war department general staff In
which the plan was prepared.

"Hereafter, members of the general staff
corps shall be confined strictly to the discharge
of duties of the general nature of those spec-
ified for them in this section and in the act
of congress approved Feb. 14, 1903, and they
shall not be permitted to assume or engage in
work of an administrative nature that pertains
to established bureaus or offices of the war de-
partment, or that, being assumed or engaged
in by members of the general staff corps, would
involve impairment of the responsibility or
initiative of such bureaus or offices, or would
cause injurious or unnecessary duplication of
or delay in the work thereof.

"Sec. 5a. Hereafter, in addition to such other
duties as may be assigned him by the secretary
of war. the assistant secretary of war. under
the direction of the secretary of war. shall be
charged with supervision of the procurement
of all military supplies and other business of
the war department pertaining thereto and the
assurance of adequate provision for the mo-
bilization of materiel and industrial organiza-
tions essential to wartime needs. The assist-
ant secretary of war shall receive a salary of
$10.000 per annum. There shall be detailed
to the office of the assistant secretary of war
from the branches engaged in procurement
such number of officers and civilian employes
as may be authorized by regulations approved
by the secretary of war. The offices of second
assistant secretary of war and third assistant
secretary of war are hereby abolished.

"Under the direction of the secretary of war
chiefs of branches of the army charged with
the procurement of supplies for the army shall
report direct to the assistant secretary of war
regarding all matters of procurement. He shall
cause to be manufactured or produced at the
government arsenals or government owned fac-
tories of the United States all such supplies
or articles needed by the war department as
said arsenals or government owned factories
are capable of manufacturing or producing
upon an economical basis. And all appropria-
tions for manufacture of materiel pertaining
to approved projects, which are placed with
arsenals or government own^d factories or
other ordnance establishments, shall remain
available for such purpose until the close of
the next ensuing fiscal year.

"Sec. 5b. The war council. The secretary

148

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

of war, the assistant secretary of war, the quisition of all real estate and the issue of
g-eneral of the army, and the chief of staff licenses in connection with government reserva-
shall constitute the war council of the war lions; with the transportation of the army

by land and water, including the transporta-
tion of troops and supplies by mechanical or
animal means; with the furnishing' of means
of transportation of all classes and kinds re-
quired by the army; and with such other duties
not otherwise assigned by law as the secretary
of war may prescribe : Provided, That special and
technical articles used or issued exclusively
by other branches of the service may be pur-
chased or procured with the approval of the
assistant secretary of war by the branches using
or issuing- such articles, and the chief of each
branch may be charged with the storag-e and

department, which council shall from time to
time meet and cansider policies affecting- both
the military and munitions problems of the
war department. Such questions shall be pre-
sented to the secretary 9f war in the war
council, and his decision with reference to such
questions of policy, after consideration of the
recommendations thereon by the several mem-
bers of the war council, shall cpnstitute the
policy of the war department with reference
thereto."

Sec. 6. That section 6 of said act be, and the
same is hereby, amended by striking- out the
same and
thereof :

inserting- the following- in lieu

'Sec. 6. Adjutant-general's department. The
adjutant-gener?l's department shall consist of
the adjutant-general with the rank of major-
general, one assistant with the rank of brig 1 -
adier-general, who shall be chief of the per-
sonnel bureau, and 115 officers in grades from
colonel to captain, inclusive. The personnel
bureau shall be charged, under such regula-
tions as may be prescribed by the secretary
of war, with the operating functions of pro-
curement, assignment, promotion, transfer, re-
tirement and discharge of all officers and en-
listed men of the army: Provided, That terri-
torial commanders and the chiefs of the sev-
eral branches of the army shall be charged
with such of the above described duties within
their respective jurisdictions as may be pre-
scribed by the secretary of war."

Sec. 7 That section, 7 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking- out
the same and inserting the following- in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 7. Inspector-general's department. The
inspector-general's department shall consist of
one inspector-general with the rank of major-
general and sixty-one officers in grades from
colonel to captain, inclusive."

Sec. 8. That section 8 of said act be, and the
same is hereby, amended by striking out the

same and inserting-
thereof:

the following in lieu

"Sec. 8. Judg-e-advocate general's department.
The judge-advocate general's department
shall consist of one judge -advocate general
with the rank of major-general and 114 officers
in grades from colonel to captain, inclusive:
Provided, That immediately upon passaue of
this act the number of colonels of the judge-
advocate general's department shall be increased
by five, and the vacancies thus created shall
be filled by promotion in the manner hereto-
fore provided by law."

Sec. 9. That section 9 of said act be. and the
same is hereby, amended by striking- out the
same and inserting- the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 9. Quartprmaster corps. The quarter-
master corns shall consist of one quartermast-er-
g-eneral with the rank of major-general, three
assistants with the rank of brigadier-general,
1.050 officers in grades from colonel to second
lieutenant, inclusive, and 20.000 enlisted men.
The quartermaster-g-eneral, under the authority
of the secretary of war, shall be charged with
the purchase and procurement for the army
of all supplies of standard manufacture and
of all supplies common to two or more branch-
es but not with the purchase or the procure-
ment of special or technical articles to be used
or issued exclusively by ofner supply depart-
ments; with the direction of all work pe-tain-
ing to the construction, maintenance and re-
pair of buildins-s, structures and utilities
other than fortifications connected with the
army; with the storage and issue of supplies-
with the operation of utilities; with the ac-

issue of property pertaining thereto: Provided
further. That utilities pertaining exclusively to
any branch of the army may be operated by
such branches.

"Sec. 9a. Finance department. There is here-
by created a finance department. The finance
department shall consist of one chief of finance
with the rank of brigadier-general, 141 officers
in grades from colonel to second lieutenant,
inclusive, and 900 enlisted men.

"The chief of finance, under the authority
cf the secretary, shall be charged with the
disbursement of all funds of the war depart-
ment, including the pay of the army and the
.mileage for office's and the accounting there-
for; and with such other fiscal and accounting-
duties as may be required by law, or assigned
to him by the secretary of war: Provided,
That under such regulations as may be pre-
s ribed by the secretary of war, officers of the
finance department, accountable for public
moneys, may intrust moneys to other officers
lor the purpose of having them make dis-
bursements as their agents and the officer to
vhom the moneys are intrusted, as well as the
officer who intrusts the moneys to him. shall
be held pecuniarily responsible therefor to the
United States."

Sec. 10. That section 10 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking- out
the same and inserting the following- in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 10. Medical department. The medical
department shall consist of one surgeon-general
with the rank of major-general, two assistants
with the rank of brigadier-general, the medi-
cal corps, the dental corps, the veterinary
corps, the medical administrative corps, a, num-
ber of enlisted men which until June 30, 1921,
shall not exceed 5 per centum of the author-
ized enlisted strength and thereafter 5 per cen-
tum of the actual strength, commissioned and
enlisted, of the regular army, the army nurse
corps as now constituted by law, and such con-
tract surgeons as are now authorized by law.
The number of officers of the medical corps
shall be six and one-half for every 1.000. and
of the medical administrative corps, one for
every 2.000, of the total enlisted strength of
the regular army, authorized from time to
time, and within the peace strength permitted
by this act. The number of officers of the
dental corps shall be one for every 1,000 of
the total strength of the regular army, author-
ized from time to time, and within the peace

strength permitted by this

The number

of officers of the veterinary corps shall be 175.
"Hereafter an officer of the medical or den-
tal corps shall be promoted to the grade of
captain after three years' service, to the grade
of major after twelve years' service, to the
grade of lieutenant-colonel after twenty years'
service, and to the grade of colonel after
twenty-six years' service. An officer of the
veterinary corps shall be promoted to the grade
of first lieutenant afte" three years' srvire. to
the grade of captain after seven years' service,
to the grade of major after fourteen years' serv-

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

149

ice, to the grade of lieutenant-colonel after
twenty years' service, and to the grade of
colonel after twenty-six years' service. An
officer of the medical administrative corps snail
be promoted to the grade of first lieutenant
after five years' service, and to the grade of
captain after ten years' service. For purposes
of promotion there shall be credited to officers
of the medical department all active commis-
sioned service in the regular army whenever
rendered; and also all such service rendered
since April 6. 1917, in the army or in the
national guard when in active service under
a call by the president, except service under
a reserve commission while in attendance at
a school or camp for the training of candidates
for commission. To officers of the d.nu.l
corps shall be credited their service as contract
dental surgeons and acting- dental surgeons, and
to officers of the veterinary corps, their gov-
ernmental veterinary service rendered prior to
June 3. 1910. The length of service of any
officer who shall have lost files by reason of
sentence of court-martial or failure in examina-
tion for promotion shall be regarded as dimin-
ished to the equivalent of the service of the
officer of his corps immediately preceding- him
in relative rank.

"Of the vacancies in the medical department
existing on July 1, 1920. such number as the
president may direct shall be filled by the ap-
pointment on that date in any grade authorized
by this section of persons under the age of
58 years, other than officers of the regular
army, who served as officers of the aimv ; t
some time between April 6, 1917, and the date
of the passage of this act. the selection to be
made by the board of general officers provided
for in section 24, and subject to the restric-
tions as to age therein prescribed. Appointees
in the medical administrative corps must alo
have had at least five years' enlisted service
in the medical department, and the number
appointed in the grades of captain and first
lieutenant under the provisions of this paragraph
shall not exceed one-half of the whole number
authorized for said corps. For purposes of
future promotion, any person so appointed in
the medical or dental corps shall be considered
as having had, on the date of appointment, serv-
ice equal to that of the junior officer of his grade
and corps now in the regular army; and in the
veterinary or medical administrative corps,
sufficient service to bring him to his g.-ade
under the rules established in this section.

"Hereafter the members of the army nurse
corps shall have relative rank as follows: The
superintendent shall have the relative rank of
major; the assistant superintendents, director
and assistant directors, the relative rank of
captain; chief nurses, the relative rank of
first lieutenant; head nurses and nurses, the
relative rank of second lieutenant; and as re-
gards medical and sanitary matters and all
other work within the line of professional
duties shall have authority in and about mil-
itary hospitals next after the officers of the
medical department. The secretary of war shnll
make the necessary regulations prescribing the
rights and privileges conferred by such rela-
tive rank."

Sec. 11. That section 11 of said act be and
the same is hereby, amendpd by striking out the
same and inserting- the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 11. Corps of engineers. The corps of
engineers shall consist of one chief of engineers
with the rank of major-general, one assistant
with the rank qf brigadier-general, 600 office-s
in grades from colonel to second lieutenant,
inclusive, and 12.000 enlisted men. such part
of whom as the president may direct being
formed into tactical units organized as he
may prescribe."

Sec. 12. That section 12 of said act be. and

the same is hereby, amended by striking out
th* aa ,, and i n8ertingr tne following!? lieu

"Sec. 12. Ordnance department. The ord
nauc-e department shall consist of one chief
oi ordnance with the rank of major-general
two assistants with the rank of brigadier-gen!
e.al. ,3oO officers in grades from idonel to
second lieutenant, inclusive, and 4.500 enlisted
men.

"Sec. 12a. Chemical warfare service. There is
hereby created a chemical warfare service The
chemical warfare service shall consist of one
chief of the chemical warfare service with the
rank of brigadier-general, 100 officers in grades
from colonel to second lieutenant, inclusive
and 1,200 enlisted men. The chief of the
ch.mical warfare -service tinder the authority
of the secretary of war shall be charged with
the investigation, development, manufacture,
or procurement and supply to the army of
all smoke and incendiary materials, all toxic
gases and all gag defense appliances; the re-
search, design and experimentation connected
with chemical warfare and its material; and
chemical projectile filling plants and proving
grounds; the supervision of the training- of
the army in chemical warfare, both offensive
and defensive, including the necessary schools
of instruction; the organization, equipment,
training and operation of special gas troops,
and such other duties as the president may
from time to time prescribe."

Sec. 13. That section 13 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 13. Signal corps The signal corps
shall consist of one chief signal officer with
the rank of major-general, 300 officers in
grades from colonel to second lieutenant, in-
clusive, and 5,000 enlisted men. such part of
whom as the president may direct being formed
into tactical units organized as he may pre-
scribe.

"Sec. 13a. Air service. There is hereby
created an air service. The air service shall
consist of one chief of the air service with
the rank of major-general, one assistant with
the rank of brigadier-general, 1,514 officers in
grades from colonel to second lieutenant, in-
clusive, and 16.000 enlisted men/including not
to exceed 2,500 flying cadets, such part of
whom as the president may direct being formed
into tactical units, organized as he may pre-
scribe: Provided, That not to exceed 10 per
centum of the officers in each grade blow
tha-t of brigadier-general who fail to qualify
as aircraft pilots or as observers within one
year after the date of detail or assignment
shall be permitted to remain detailed or as-
signed to the air service. Flying units shall in
all cases be commanded by flyina- officers. Of-
ficers and enlisted men of the army shall receive
an increase of 50 per centum of their pay
while ion duty requiring th-^m to participate
regularly and frequently in aerial flights; and
hereafter no person shall receive additional
pay for aviation duty except as prescribed
in this section: Provided, That nothing in this
act shall be construed as amending existing
provisions of law relating to flying cadets."

Sec. 14. That section 14 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following- in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 14. Bureau of insular affairs. The offi-
cers of the bureau of insular affairs shall be
one chief of the bureau with the rank of
brigadier-general, and two offirers below the
grade of brigadier-general: Provided, That dur-
ing the tenure of office of the present chief of
the bureau of insular affairs he shall have
the rank of major-general."

150

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

Sec. 15. That section 15 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking: out
the same and inserting- the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 15. Chaplains. There shall be one chap-
lain for every 1,200 officers and enlisted men
of the regular army, exclusive of the Philip-
pine scouts and the unassigned recruits, au-
thorized from time to time in accordance with
law and within the peace strength permitted
by this act. Chaplains shall hereafter have
rank, pay and allowances according- to length
of active commissioned service in the army,
or since April 6, 1917, in the national guard
while in active service under a call by the
president, as follows: Less than five years,
first lieutenant: five to fourteen years, cap-
tain; fourteen to twenty years, major; over
twenty years, lieutenant-colonel. One chaplain,
of rank not below that of major, may be ap-
pointed by the president, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the senate, to be chief of
chaplains. He shall serve as such for four
years and shall have the rank, pay and allow-
ances of colonel while so serving 1 . His duties
shall include investigation into the qualifica-
tions of candidates for appointment as chap-
lain and general co-ordination and supervision
of the work of chaplains. Of the vacancies
existing 1 on July 1, 1920. such number as the
president may direct shall be filled by appoint-
ment on that date of persons under the age of
58 years, other than chaplains of the regular
army who served as chaplains in the army
at some time between April 6, 1917, and the
date of the passage of this act. Such appoint-
ments may be made in grades above the lowest
under the same restrictions as to age and rank
as are hereinafter prescribed for original ap-
pointments in other branches of the service
and in accordance with the recommendation
of the board of officers provided for in section
24. For purposes of future promotion, per-
sons so appointed shall be considered as hav-
ing had on the date of appointment sufficient
prior service to bring them to their respective
grades under the rules of promotion established
in this section."

Sec. 16. That said act be. and the same is
hereby, amended by striking out section 16.

Sec. 17. That section 17 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 17. Infantry. The infantry shall con-
sist of one chief of infantry with rank of
major-general; 4.200 officers in grades *rom
f*P%J to se c n <l lieutenant, inclusive, and
110.000 enlisted men. organized into such in-
fantry units as the president may direct. Here-
after all tank units shall form a part of the
infantry."

Sec. 18. That section 18 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 18. Cavalry. The cavalry shall consist
of one chief of cavalry with the rank of
major-general. 950 officers in grades from
colonel to second lieutenant, inclusive, and
20,000 enlisted men. organized into cavalry
units as the president may direct "

Sec. 19. That section 19 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 19. Field artillery. The field artillery
shall consist of one chief of field artillery with
he rank of major-general, 1.900 officers in
grades from colonel to second lieutenant, in-
clusive and 37.000 enlisted men. organized
mto field artillery units as the president may

Sec. 20 That section 20 of said act be and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 20. Coast artillery corps. The coast
artillery corps shall consist of one chief of
coast artillery with the rank of major-general.
1.200 officers in grades from colonel to second
lieutenant, inclusive, the warrant officers of
the army mine planter service as now au-
thorized by law, and 30,000 enlisted men, or-
ganized into such coast artillery units as the
president may direct."

Sec. 21. That section 21 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 21. Porto Rico regiment of infantry.
The Porto Rico regiment of infantry and the
officers and enlisted men of such regiment
shall become a part of the infantry branch
herein provided for, and its officers shall, on
July 1, 1920. be recommissdoned in the in-
fantry with their present grades and dates
of rank, unless promoted on that date in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 24
hereof."

Sec. 22. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by adding after section 22 a
new section, to be numbered 22a and to read
as follows:

"Sec. 22 a. Philippine scouts. The president
is authorized to form the Philippine scouts
into such branches and tactical units as he may
deem expedient, within the limit of strength
prescribed by law, organized similarly to those
of the regular army, the officers to be detailed
from those authorized in section 4 hereof. On
July 1. 1920, all officers of the Philippine
scouts on the active list who are citizens of
the United States and are found qualified under
such regulations as the president may prescribe
shall be recommissioned in some one of the
branches provided for by this act, and those
ncit so recommissioned shall continue to serve
under their commissions as officers of the Phil-
ippine scouts. No further appointments shall
be made as officers of Philippine scouts except
of citizens of the Philippine islands, who may
be appointed in the grade of second lieutenant,
under such regulations as the president may pre-
scribe. Officers commissioned in the Philippine
scouts shall be subject to promotion, classifi-
cation and elimination, as hereinafter prescribed
for officers of the regular army. Those now
on the retired list shall hereafter receive the
same pay as a retired second lieutenant of
equal service. Officers of the Philippine scouts
shall hereafter be retired under the same con-
ditions, and those hereafter placed on the re-
tired list shall receive the same retired pay-
as other officers of like grades and length of
service, and shall be equally eligible for ad-
vancement on account of active duty performed
since retirement Nothing in this act shall
be construed to alter in any respect the present
status of enlisted men of the Philippine
ecouts."

Sec. 23. That section 23 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same* and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 23. Provisional appointments. All laws
providing that certain appointments of officers
shall be provisional for period of time are here-
by repealed."

Sec. 24. That section 24 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"See. 24. Filling of vacancies. Not less than
one-hnlf of the total number of vacancies
caused by this act, exclusive of those in the
medical department and among chaplains, shall

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

161

be filled by the appointment, to date from
July 1, 1920, and subject to such examina-
tion as the president may prescribe, of per-
sons other than officers of the regular army
who served as officers of the United Stat.s
army at any time between April 6, 1917, and
the date of the passage of this act. A suitable
number of such officers shall be appointed in
-each of the grades below that of brigadier-
gcneral. according 1 to their qualifications for
such grade as may be determined by the board
of general officers provided for in this section.
No such person above the age of 50 years shall
be appointed in a combatant branch, or above
the age of 58 in a non-combatant branch. No
such person below the age of 48 years shall
he appointed in the grade of colonel, or below
the age of 45 years in the grade of lieutenant-
colonel, or below the age of 36 years in the
grade of major. Not less than three such
persons shnll be appointed to the grade of
colonel in the judge-advocate general's depart-
ment, and not less than eight to the grade of
lieutenant-colonel in th judge-ndvocate gen-
eral's department, provided a sufficient number
of applicants for such appointments are legally
eligible and are found by the board provided
for in this section to be properly qualified
Any person originally appointed under the pro-
visions of this aet at an age greater than 45
years shall when retired receive retired pay
at the rate of 4 per centum of active pay for
each complete year of commissioned service in
the United States army, the total to be not
more than 75 per centum. Vacancies remain-
ing in grades above the lowest which are not
filled by such appointments shall be filled by
promotion to date from July 1. 1920. in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 24c
hereof. The selection of officers to be ap-
pointed under the provisions of -this section,
under such rules and regulations as may be
approved by the secretary of war, shall be
made by a board consisting of the general of
the army, three bureau chiefs and three gen-
eral officers of the 3ine. to be appointed by the
secretary of war: Provided. That no officer
shall be appointed in any branch of service
under the provisions of this section except with
the approval of the chief of such branch or
officer acting as such.

"Sec. 24a. Promotion list. For the purpos?
of establishing a more uniform system for the
promotion of officers, based on equity, merit,
and the interests of the army as a whole, the
secretary of war shall cause to be prepared a
promotion list, on which shall be carried the
names of all officers of the regular army and
Philippine scouts below the grade of colonel,
except officers of the medical department, chap-
lains, professors, the military storekeeper and
certain second lieutenants of the quartermaster
corps hereinafter specified. The names on the
list shall be arranged, in general, so that the
first name on the list shall be that of the
officer having the longest commissioned serv-
ice; the second name that of the officer having
the next longest commissioned service, and so
on. In computations for the purpose of deter-
mining the position of officers on the promo-
tion list there shall be credited all active com-
missioned service in the army performed while
under appointment from the United States gov-
ernment, whether in the regular, provisional,
or temporary forces, except service tinder a
reserve commission while in attendance at a
school or camp for the training of candidates
for commission; also commissioned service in
the national guard while in active servic? sine"
April 6, 1917. under a call by the president;
and also commissioned service in the marine
corps when detached for service with the army
by order of the president. In determining
position on the promotion list, and relative

rank, commissioned service in the regular army
or the Philippine scouts, if coutwmous to the
present time, shall be counted as having begun
on the date of original commission. The origi.
nal promotion list shall be formed by a board
ojC officers appointed by the secretary of war,
consisting of one colonel of each six branches
of the service in which officers are permanently
commissioned under the terms of this act, and
one officer who, as a member of the personnel
branch of the general staff, has made a special
study of merging the present promotion lists
into a single list. The steps in the formation
of the original promotion list shall be as fol-
lows :

"First, officers below the grade of colonel
in the corps of engineers, signal corns, infantry,
cavalry, field artillery, coast artillery corps,
Porto Rico regiment and Philippine scouts,
who were originally appointed in the regular
army or Philippine scouts prior to April 6,

1917, shall be arranged without changing the
present order of officers on the lineal lists of
their own branches, but otherwise as nearly
as practicable according to length of commis-
sioned service. The following shall be omitted:

" ( a) Officers who, as a result of voluntary
transfer, occupy positions on the lineal list
other than those they would have held if their
original commissions had been in their present
branches:

"(b) Officers of other branches appointed
in the field artillery or the coast artillery
corps to till vacancies created by the act ap-
proved Jan. 25, 1907;

"(c) Officers appointed in the regular army
since Jan. 1, 1903, while serving as officers of
the Porto Rico provisional regiment of infantry
or Philippine scouts;

"(d) Former officers' of the regular army or
Philippine scouts who have been reappointed
in these forces and who are now below nor-
mally placed officers of less commissioned serv-
ice than theirs.

"Officers of classes (a), (b) and (c) shall
be placed on the list in the positions they
would have occupied if thdy had remained in
their original branches of the service. Officers
of class (d) shall be placed on the list in the
position that would normally be occupied by
an officer of continuous service equal to the
total active commissioned service of such offi-
cers in the army.

"Second, officers of the judg-e-advocate gen-
eral's department, quartermaster corps, and
ordinance department shall be placed on the list
according to length of commissioned service,
except those second lieutenants of the quarter-
master corps who are found not qualified for
promotion as provided in section 24b hereof.

"Third, captains and lieutenants of the regu-
lar army and Philippine scouts, originally ap-
pointed since April 6. 1917, shall be arranged
among themselves according to commissioned
service rendered prior to Nov. 11, 1918. and
shall be placed at the foot of the list, as pre-
pared to this point.

"Fourth, persons to be appointed as captains
or lieutenants under the provisions of section
24 hereof shall be placed according to com-
missioned service rendered prior to Nov. 11.

1918, among the officers referred to in the next
preceding clause: and where such commissioned
service is equal, officers now in the regular
army shall precede persons to be appointed
under the provisions of this act. and the latter
shall be arranged according to age.

"Fifth, persons appointed as lieutenant-
colonels or majors under the provisions of
section 24 hereof shall be placed immediately
below all officers of the regular army who, on
July 1, 1920, are promoted to those grades re-
spectively under the provisions of section 24
hereof: Provided, That the board charged with

152

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

the preparation of the promotion list may at
its discretion assign to any such officer a uos-i-
tion on the list higher than that to which he
would otherwise be entitled, but not such as
to place him above any officer of greater age.
whose commissioned service commenced prior
to April 6, 1917, and who would precede him
on the list under the general provisions of
this section.

"Any former officer of the regular army
and any retired officar who may hereafter bj
appointed to the active list in the manner pro-
vided by law shall be placed on the promotion
list in accordance with his total active com-
missioned service: except that former officers
appointed to field grades on July 1. 1920. un-
der the provisions of section 24. may b-j pi .ce ;
as provided in the next preceding paragraph of
this .section. A reserve judge advocate ap-
pointed in the regular army shall be placed as
provided in section 24c.

"Other officers on original appointment shall
be placed at the foot of the list. The pla-'e
of any officer on th3 promotion list onca es-
tablished shall not thereafter be changed, ex-
cept as a result of the sentence of a court-
martial.

"Sec. 24b. Classification of officers. Immedi-
ately upon the passage of this act. and in
September of 1921 and every year thereafter,
the president shall convene a board of not
less than five general officers, which shall a -
range all officers in two classes, namely: Class
A, consisting of officers who should be re-
tained in the service, and Class B. of officers
who should not be retained in the service.
Until otherwise finally classified, all officers
shall be regarded as belonging to Class A. and
shall be promoted according to tlie provisions
of this act to fill any vacancies which may oc-
cur prior to such final classification. No officer
shall be finally classified in Class B until he
shall have been given an opportunity to appear
before a court of inquiry. In such court of
inquiry he shall be furnished with a full copy
of the official records upon which the pro-
posed classification^ based and shall be given
an opportunity to present testimony in his own
behalf. The record of such court of inquiry
shall be forward d to the final classification
board for reconsideration of the case, and after
such consideration the finding of said classi-
fication board shall be final and not subject
to further revision except upon the order of
the president. Whenever an officer is placed in
Class B, a board of not less than three officers
shall be convened to determine whether such
classification is due to his neglect, misconduct
or avoidable habits. If the finding is affirm-
ative, he shall be discharged from the army:
if negative, he shall be placed on the unlimited
retired list with pay at the rate of 2% per
centum of his active pay multiplied by the
number of complete years of commission d
service, or service which under the provisions
of this act is counted as its equivalent, un'ess
his total commissioned service or equiva'ent
service shall be less than ten years, in whirh
case he shall be honorably discharged with
one year's pay. * The maximum retired pay
of an officer retired under th~ provision? -~f
this section prior to Jan. 1, 1924. shall be 75
per centum of active pay. and of one retired
on or after that date. 60 per centum. If an
officer is thus retired before the completion of
thirty years' commissioned service, he may be
employed on such active duty as the sec-etary
of war considers him capable of performing
until he has completed thirty years' commis-
sioned se^viop. The hmrd convened upon th^
passage of this act shall also report the names
of those second lieutenants of the quarter-
master corps who were commissioned under the
provisions of section 9 of the act of June 3.

1916, who are not qualified for further pro-
motion. The officers so reported shall con-
tinue in the grade of e cond lieutenant for the
remainder of their service and the others shall
be placed upon the promotion list according
(o their commissioned service, as hereinbefore
provided.

"Sec. 24a Promotion of officers. Up to and
including June 30. 1920, except as otherwise
provided herein, promotions shall continue to
be made in accordance with law existing prior
to the passage of this act. and on the basis
of the number h?.etofore authoriz d for each
grade and branch. On and after July 1. 1920,
vacancies in grades below that of brigadier-
general shall be filled by the promotion of
officers in the order in which they stand on
the promotion list, without regard to the
branches in which they are commissioned. Ex-
isting laws providing for the examination of
officers for promotion are hereby repealed, ex-
cept those relating to physical examination,
which shall continue to be required for pro-
motion to all grades below that of brigadi:r-
general, and except also those governing the
examination of officers of the medical, dental
and veterinary corps. Officers of said three
corps shall be examined in accordance with
laws governing examination of officers of the
medical corps, second lieutenants of the veter-
inary corps being subject to the same provi-
sions as first lieutenants.

"Sec. 24d. Transf?r of officers. Upon his
own application any officer may be transferred
to another branch without loss of rank or
change of place on the promotion list.

"Sec. 24e. Appointment of officers. Except
as otherwise herein provided, appointments
shall be made in the grade of second lieutenant,
first, from graduates of the United States Mili-
tary Academy; second, from warrant officers
and enlisted men of the regular army between
the ages of 21 ind 30 years, who have had
at least two years' service; and, third, from
reserve officers, and from officers, warrant of-
ficers and enlisted men of the national guard,
members of the enlisted reserve corps and
graduates of technical institutions approved
by the secretary of war, all between the ages
of 21 and 30 years. Any vacancy in the grade
of captain in the judge advocate-general's de-
partment, not filled by transfer or d-tail from
another branch, may. in the discretion of the
president, be filled by appointment from re-
serve judge advocates between the ages of 30
and 36 years, and such appointee shall be
placed upon the promotion list immediately
below the junior captain on said list. Ap-
pointments in the medical and dental corps
shall be made in the grade of fi-st lieutenant
from reserve medical and dental officers, re-
spectively, between the ages of 23 and 32
years: in the veterinary corps in the grade of
second lieutenant from reserve veterinary offi-
cers between the ages of 21 and 30 years:
and in the medical administrative corps in the
grade of second lieutenant from enlisted men
of the medical department between the ages of
21 and 32 years, who h-v- h"d at l-a^t two
years' service. To be eligible for appointment
in the dental corps, a candidate must be a
graduate of a recognized dental college, and
have been engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession for at least two years subsequent to
graduation. Appointments as chaplains shall
be made from amo^p n^-s-n* d'^lv PC-edtted
by some religious denomination or organization,
and of good standing therein, between the ages
of 23 and 45 years. Former officers of the
regular army and retired officers may be re-
appointed to the active list, if found competent
for active duty, and shall be commissioned in
the grades determined by the places assigned

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

163

to them on the promotion list under the pro-
visions of section 24a hereof."

Sec 25. That section 25 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking- out
the same and inserting: the following in lieu

"Sec 25. Detached officers and enlisted men.
All officers and enlisted men authorized bv
law and not assigned to duty with any branch
or bureau herein provided for shall be car-
ried on the detached officers' list and detached
enlisted men's list, respectively."

Sec. 26. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended bv striking out section 26.

Sec. 27. That section 27 of. said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
all up to and including the third proviso, and
also the proviso relating- to the utilization ci
the service of postmasters, and inserting the
following in lieu thereof:

"Sec. 27. Enlistments. Hereafter original en-
listments in the regular army shall be for a
period of one or th"~e yea-s at the option of
the soldier, and re-enlistments shall be for a
period of three yen s. Ex^sti -g l.'ws provi , ; -g
for the payment of three months' pay to cer-
tain soldiers unon re-enlistment are hereby re-
pealed, and hereafter an enlistment allowance
equal to th^ee times the monthly pay of a
scldier of the seventh grade shall be paid to
every soldier who enlists or re-enlists for a
period of three years, payment of the rnli -
ment allowance for original enlistment to be
deferred until horo^abie discharge."

Sec. 28. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by spiking out sct ; on 28,
with the exception of the proviso added there-
to by Chapter XVIT. section 5, of an act of
congress ppp^oved July 9. J918, .providing Pay
for qualification as telegraphers.

Sec. 29. That section 29 of said art be, and
the same is he~bv. amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lir-u
thereof:

"Sec. 29. Discharge on account of dependent
relatives. When by reason of death o- dis-
ability a member of the family of an enlisted
man, occurring af'r his erlistment, membe-g
of his family become dependent upon him for
care or support, he mav, in the discretion of
the secret aT of war, be discharged from the
service of the Un'ted Stages."

Sec. 30. That section 30 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended bv striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 30. The regular army reserve is hereby
abolished, ?r.d all m~m' ers th?reof shall le
discharged from the obligations under which
they are now serving."

Sec. 31. That said act be. and the same is
hereby, ame^dsd by striking out sections 3.L.
32, 33, 34 36. 38 and 39.

Sec. 32. That section 37 of said act be. and
the same is herebv. amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 37. Officers' reserve corps. For the
purpose of providing 1 a reserve of officurs
available for military service when needed,
there shall be organized an officers' reserve
corps consisting of general officers, of sectio"s
corresponding to the various branches of the
regular a; my. and of such additional sections
as the president may direct. The grades in
each section and the number in each grade
shall be as the president may prescribe. Re-
serve officers shall be appointed and commis-
sioned by the president alone, except general
officers, who shall be appointed by and with
the advice and consent of the senate. Appoint-
ment in every case shall be for a period of
five years, but an .appointment in force at the
outbreak of war, or made in time of war, shall

continue in force until six months after its
termination. Any reserve officer may be dis-
charged at any time in the discretion of the
president. A reserve officer appointed during
the existence of a state of war shall be en-
titled to discharge within six months after its
termination if he make application therefor.
In time of peace, a rese:ve officer mu*t, at
the time of his appointment, be a citizen of
the United States or of the Philippine islands,
between the ages of 21 and 60 years. Any
person who has been an officer of the army
at any time between April 6, 1917, and June
30, 1919, or an officer of the regular army at
any time, may be appointed as a reserve offi-
cer in the highest grade which he held in the
army or any lower grade: any prsnn now serv-
ing as an officer of the national guard may be
appo'nted as a reserve officer in his present
or any lower grade: no other person shall in
time of peace be originally appointed as a re-
serve officer of infantry, cavalry, fie'd artillery,
o?st artillery, or air service in a grade above
that of second lieutenant. In time of peace
appointments in the infantry, cavalry, field
-rtil'ery. coast artillery and air service shall
be limited to former officers of the army,
graduates of the reserve officers* training corps,
;<? providd in section 47b her'^f. warrant
officers and enlisted men of the regular army,
national guard and enlisted reserve corps, and
ne-so-'s who served in the army at some time
between April 6. 1917, and Nov. 11. 1918.
^-o-not'ons and transfers sha'l be made under
such rules as may be prescribed by the presi-
dent, and shall be based so far as practicable
unon recommendations made in the established
eha ! n of command, but no resfve officer shall
be promoted to any grade in time of peace un-
til he has held a commission for at least one
year in the next lower grade. So far as prac-
tienb'e. reserve officers shall be assigned to
units in the locality of their places of resi-
d~r,n-*. Nothing in this ret shall o-r j rate to
d"r>Hve a reserve officer of the re c e v ve com-
mission he now holds. Any reserve officer
may hold a commission in the national guard
without thereby vacating his reserve commis-
sion.

"Sec. 37a. Reserve officers on active duty.
To the extent provided for from time to time
by appropriations for this specific purpose, the
-e-ident may order reserve officers to active
duty at any time and for any period; but ex-
r~r>t in time of a national rniTg^rcy exn ^ssly
Declared by congress no reserve officer shall be
employed on active duty for more than fifteen
days in any calender year without his own
consent. A reserve officer shall not be entitled
to pay and allowances except when on active
duty. When on active duty he shall receive
the same pay and allowanc? as an officer of
the resrular army of the same grade. and length
of active service, and mileasre from his home
to his first station and from his last station
to his home, but shall not be entitled to re-
ti"ement or retired pay."

Sec. 33. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by striking out sections 40,
41, 42, 43. 45 and 46 and inserting the fol-
lowing in lieu thereof:

"Sec. 40. Reserve officers' training corps.
Organization. The oresident is hereby author-
ized to establish and maintain in civil educa-
tional institutions a reserve officers' training
corps, one or more units in number, which
shall consist of a senior division organized at
universities and colleges granting degrees, in-
cluding state universities and those state in-
f^tU'tions thn.t are required to prov ; d? instruc-
tion in military tactics under the act of con-
gress of July 2. 1862. donating lands for the
establishment of colleges where the leading
object shall be practical instruction in agri-

154:

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

culture and the mechanic arts, including; mili-
tary tactics, and at those essentially military
schools not conferring' academic degrees, spe-
cially de-signaited by the Secretary "of war as
qualified, and a junior division organized at all
other public and private educational institu-
tions, and each division shall consist of units
of the several arms, corps, or services in such
number and such strength as the president
may prescribe: Provided, That no such unit
shall be established or maintained at any in-
stitution until an officer <rf the regular army
shall have been detailed as professor of military
science and tactics, nor until such institution
shall maintain under military instruction at
least one hundred physically fit male students,
except that in the case of units other than
infantry, cavalry or artillery, the minimum
number shall be fifty: Provided further. That
except at state institutions described in this
section, no unit shall be established or main-
tained in an educational institution until th-;
authorities of the same agree to establish and
maintain a two years' elective or compulsory
course of military training as a minimum for
its physically fit male students, which course,
when entered upon by any student, shall, as
regards such student, be a prerequisite for
graduation unless he is relieved of this obliga-
tion by regulations to be prescribed by th-e
secretary of war.

"Sec. 40a. Reserve officers' training- corps
courses. The secretary of war is hereby au-
thorized to prescribe standard courses of theo-
retical and practical military training- for
units of the reserve officers' training- corps, and
no unit of such corps shall be organized or
maintained at any educational institution the
authorities of which fail or neglect to adopt
into their curriculum the prescribed courses
of military training- or to devote at least an
averag-e of three hours per week per academic
year to such military training-, except as pro-
vided in section 47c of this act.

"Sec. 40b. Personnel for duty with reserve
officers' training- corps. The president is here-
by authorized to detail such numbers of offi-
cers, warrant officers, and enlisted men of the
regular army, either active <or retired, as may
be necessary for duty as professors of military
science and tactics, assistant professors of mil-
itary "Science and tactics, and military instruct-
ors at educational institutions where one or
more units of the reserve officers' training
corps are maintained. In time of peace re-
tired -officers, retired warrant officers, or re-
tired enlisted men shall not be detailed under
the provisions of this section without their
consent, and no officer on the active list shall
be detailed for recruiting- service or for duty
at a school or college, not including schools
of the service, where officers on the retired
list can be secured -who are competent for such
duty. Hereafter retired officers below the grade
of brigadier-general and retired warrant officers
and enlisted men shall, when on active duty,
receive full pay and allowances."

Sec. 34. That said act be. and the same is
hereby, amended by striking out sections 47,
48, 49. 50, 51, 52, 53 and 54 and inserting
the following in lieu thereof:

"Sec. 47. Supplies for reserve officers* train-
ing corps. The secretary of war, under such
regulations as he may prescribe, is hereby
authorized to issue to institutions at which one
or more units of the reserve officers' training
corps are maintained such public animals,
transportation, arms, ammunition, supplies,
tentage, equipment and uniforms belonging to
the United States as he may deem necessary,
and to forage at the expense of the United
States public animals so issued, to pay com-
mutation in lieu of uniforms at a rate to be
fixed annually by the secretary of war. and

to authorize such expenditures from proper
army appropriations as he may deem necessary
for the efficient maintenance of the reserve
officers' training corps. He shall require from
each institution to which property of the
United States is issued a bond in the value
of the property issued for the care and safe-
keeping 1 thereof, except for uniform*, expend-
able articles and supplies expended in opera-
tion, maintenance and instruction, and for its
return when required.

"Sec. 47a. Reserve officers' training corps
camps. The secretary of war is hereby author-
ized to maintain camps for the further prac-
tical instruction of the members of the reserve
officers' training corps, no such camps to be
maintained for a longer period than six weeks
in any one year, except in time of actual or
threatened hostilities ; to transport m mbers
of such corps to and from such camps at
the expense of the United States so far as
appropriations will permit, to subsist them at
the expense of the United States while travel-
ing to and from such camps and while remain-
ing therein so far as appropriations will per-
mit, or in lieu of transporting them to and
from such camps and subsisting them while
en route, to pay them travel allowances at the
rate of 5 cents per mile for the distance by
the shortest usually traveled route from the
places from which they are authorized to pro-
ceed to the camp a-nd for the return travel
thereto, and to make the payment of travel
allowances for the return journey in advance
of the actual performance of the same, and
to admission to military hospitals at such
camps, and to furnish medical attendance and
supplies: to use the troops of the regular
army, and such government property as he
may deem necessary, for the military training-
of the members of such corps while in at-
tendance at such camps: and to prescribe regu-
lations for the government of such camps.

"Sec. 47b. Appointment of graduates of re-
serve officers' training corps as reserve officers.
The president alone, under such regulations
as he may prescribe, is hereby authorized to
appoint as a reserve officer of the army of
the United States any graduate of the senior
division of the reserve officers' training corps
who shall have satisfactorily completed the
further training provided for in section 47a of
this act, or any graduate of the junior division
who shall have satisfactorily completed the
courses of military training prescribed for the
senior division and the further training pro-
vided for in section 47a of this act, and shall
have participated in such practical instruction
subsequent to graduation as the secretary of
war shall prescribe, who shall have arrived at
the age of 21 years and who shall agree, under
oath in writing, to serve the United States in
the capacity of a reserve officer of the army
of the United States during a period of at
least five years from the date of his appoint-
ment as such reserve officer, unless sooner dis-
charged by proper authority: Provided, That
no reserve officer appointed pursuant to this
act shall be entitled to retirement, or to re-
tired pay, and shall be eligible for pension
only for disability incurred in line of duty in
active service or while serving with the army
pursuant to provisions of this act.

"Sec. 47c. Pay and commutation of subsist-
ence, reserve officers' training corps. When
any member of the senior division of the re-
serve officers' training corps has completed two
academic years of service in that division, and
has been selected for advanced training by the
president of the institution and by the pro-
fessor of military science and tactics, and has
agreed in writing to continue in the reserve
officers' training corps for the remainder of
his course at the institution, devoting five

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

165

hours per week to the military training- pre-
scribed by the secretary of war, and has agreed
in writing- to pursue the course in camp train-
ing- prescribed by the secretary of war, he may
be furnished, at the expense of the United
States, commutation of subsistence at such rate
not exceeding- the cost of the garrison ration
prescribed for the army, as may be fixed by
the secretary of war, during- the remainder of
his service in the reserve officers' training-
corps, not exceeding- two years: Provided. That
any medical, dental, or veterinary student may
be admitted to a medical, dental, or veterinary
corps unit of reserve officers' training- corps for
a course of training- at the rate of ninety hou s
of instruction per annum for the four collegi-
ate years, and if at the end of two years of
such training- he has been selected by the pro-
fessor of military science and tactics and the
head of the institution for advanced training-,
and has agreed in writing- to continue in the
reserve officers' training- cqnps for the remain-
der of his course at the institution, and has
agreed in writing- to pursue the course in camp
training- prescribed by the secretary of war,
he may be furnished, at the expense of the
United States, with commutation of subsist-
ence at such rate not exceeding- the cost of the
garrison ration prescribed for the army, as
may be fixed by the secretary of war. during-
the remainder of his service in the reserve
officers' training- corps, not exceeding- two years:
Provided further. That any reserve officer who
is also a medical, dental, or veterinary student
may be admitted to such medical, dental, or
veterinary corps unit for such training-, under
such rules and regulations as the secretary of
war may prescribe: Provided further. That
members of the reserve officers* training- corps,
or other persons authorized by the secreta y
of war to attend advanced course camps, shall
be paid for attendance at such camps at the
rate prescribed for soldiers of the seventh
grade of the regular army.

"Sec. 47d. Training camps. The secretary of
war is hereby authorized to maintain, upon
military reservations or elsewhere, schools or
camps for the military instruction and train-
ing, with a view to their appointment as re-
reserve officers or noncommissioned officers, of
such warrant officers, enlisted men and civil-
ians as may be selected upon their own ap-
plication; to use for the purpose of main-
taining said camps and imparting military in-
struction and training thereat, such arms, am-
munition, accoD'terments. equipments, tentage,
field equipage and transportation belonging- to
the United States as he may deem necessary;
to furnish at the expense of the United States
uniforms, subsistence, transportation by the
most usual and direct route within such limits
as to territory as the secretary of war may
prescribe, or in lieu of furnishing such trans-
portation and subsistence to pay them travel
allowances at the rate of 5 cents per mile for
the distance by the shortest usually traveled
route from the places from which they are
authorized to proceed to the camp, and for the
return travel thereto, and to make the pay-
ment of travel allowances for the return jour-
ney in advance of the actual performance of
the same, and medical attendance and supplies
to persons receiving instruction at said camps
during the period of their attendance thereat,
to authorize such expenditures, from proper
army appropriations, as he may deem necessary
for water, fuel, light, temporary structures,
not including quarters for officers nor bar-
racks for men, screening and damages resulting
from field exercises, and other expenses in-
cidental to the maintenance of said camps, and
the theoretical winter instruction in connection
therewith; and to sell to persons receiving
4 jistructions at said camps, for cash and at

cost price plus 10 per centum, quartermaster
and ordnance property, the amount of such
property sold to any one person to be limited
to that which is required for his proper equip-
ment. All moneys arising- from such sales
shall remain available throughout the fiscal
year following that in which the sales are
made, for the purpose of that appropriation
from which the property sold was authorized
to be supplied at the time for the sale. The
secretary of war is authorized further to pre-
scribe the courses of theoretical and practical
instruction to be pursued by persons attending-
the camps authorized by this section; to fix
the periods during which such camps shall be
maintained: to prescribe rules and regulations
for the government thereof; and to employ
thereat officers, warrant officers, and enlisted
men of the regular army in euch numbers and
upon such duties as he may designate."

Sec. 35. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by striking- out sections 55
to 66 and inserting the loftowing- in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 55. The enlisted reserve corps. The
enlisted reserve corps shall consist of persons
voluntarily enlisted therein. The period of
enlistment shall be three years, except in the
case of persons who served in> the army, navy,
or marine corps at some time between April
6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918. who may be en-
listed for one year periods and who, in time
of peace, shall be entitled to discharge within
ninety days if they make application therefor.
Enlistments shall be limited to persons eligible
for enlistment in the regular army who have
had such military or technical training as may
be prescribed by regulations of the secretary
of war. All enlistments in force at the out-
break of war, or entered into during its con-
tinuation whether in the regular army or the
enlisted reserve corps, shall continue in force
until s/ix months after its termination uriless
sooner terminated by the president.

"Sec. 55a. Organization of the enlisted re-
serve corps. The president may form any or
all members of the enlisted reserve corps into
tactical organizatipns similar to those of the
regular army, similarly armed, uniformed and
equipped, and composed so far as practicable
of men residing in the same locality, may
officer them by the assignment of reserve offi-
cers or officers of the regular army, active or
retired, and may detail such personnel of the
army as may be necessary for the administra-
tion of such organizations and the care of
government property issued to them.

"Sec. 55b. Reservists on active duty. Mem-
berg of the enlisted reserve corps may be
placed on active duty, as individuals or orgaiv
izations, in the discretion of the president, but
except in time of a national emergency express-
ly declared by congress no reservist shall be
ordered to active duty in excess of the num-
ber permissible under appropriations made for
this specific purpose, nor for a longer period
than fifteen days in any one calendar year
without his own consent. While on active
duty they shall receive the same pay and al-
lowances as other enlisted men of like grades
and length of service.

"Sec. 55c. Military equipment and instruc-
tors at other schools and colleges. The sec-
retary of war is hereby autl^rized, under such
regulations as he may prescribe, to issue such
arms, tentage and equipment as he shall deem
necessary for proper military training- to scho'ols
and colleges, other than those provided for in
section 40 of this act, having- a course of
military training prescribed by the secretary
of war and having not less than 100 physically
fit male students above the age of 14 years;
and the secretary of war is hereby authorized
to detail such available active or retired offl-

156

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

cers, warrant officers and enlisted men of the
regular army as he may deem necessary to
said schools and colleges, other than those
provided for in section 40 of this act: Pro-
vided, That while so detailed they shall receive
active pay and allowances: Provided farther,
That in time of peace retired officers, warrant
officers, or enlisted men shall not be detailed
under the provisions of this section without
their consent."

Sec. 36. That section 60 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by adding: the
following- at the end thereof: "Until July 1,
1921, companies and corresponding- units of
the national gruard may be recog-nized at a
minimum enlisted strength of fifty: Provided,
That the national guard of any state, territory
and the District of Columbia may include such
detachments or parts of units as may be neces-
sary in order to form complete tactical units
when combined with troops of other states "
Sec. 37. That section 69 of said act be. a^
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 69. Original enlistments- in the nation
al guard shall be for a period of three years
and subsequent enlistments for periods of one
year each: Provided, That persons who have
served in the army for not less than
months, and have been honorably discharged
therefrom, may. within two years after the
passage of this act. enlist in the national guard
for a period of one year and re-enlist for like
periods "

Sec. 38. That section 70 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 70. Men enlisting in the national gunrd
of the several states, territories, and the Dis-
trict of Columbia shall sign an enlistment
contract and subscribe to the following oath
of enlistment: *I do hereby acknowledge to

have voluntarily enlisted this dny of

, 19. as a soldier in the national

guard of the United States and of the state of

. for the period of three for one)

year , under the conditions prescribed by law.
unless sooner discharged by proper authority.
And I do solemnly swear that I will bear truo
faith and allegiance to the United States of

America and to the state of , and that

I will serve them honestly and faithfully
against all their enemies whomsoever, and that
I will obey the orders of the president of the
United States and of the governor of the state

of , and of the officers appointed over

me according- to law and the rules and articles
of war.' "

.Sec. 39. That said act be. and the same is
hereby, amond^ by striking out section 71.
Sec. 40.. That section 72 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same, ad inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 72. Diischarge of enlisted men from the
national guard. An enlisted man discharged
from service in the national guard, except
when drafted into the military service ol the
United States under the provisions of section
111 of this act. shall receive a discharge in
writing in such form and with such classifi-
cation as is or shall be prescribed for the reg-
ular army, and in time of peace discharges
may be given prior to the expiration of terms
ef enlistment under such regulations as the
president may prescribe."

Sec. 41. That section 74 of said act be. and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"See. 74. Qualifications for national guard
officers. Persons hereafter commissioned as
officers of the national guard shall not be

recognized as such under any of the provisions
of this act unless they shall have been selected
from the following classes, and shall have
taken and subscribed to the oath .of office pre-
scribed in the preceding section of this act:
officers or enlisted men of the national guard;
officers, active or retired, reserve officers, and
former officers of the army, navy, or marine
corps, enlisted men and former enlisted men of
the army, navy, or marine corps who have
received an honorable discharge therefrom;
graduates of the United States military and
naval academies: and graduates of schopls,
colleges, universities, and officers' training
camps, where they have received military
instruction under the supervision of an officer
of the regular army who certified their fitness
for appointment as commissioned officers; and
for the technical branches or staff corps and
departments, such other civilians as may be
specially qualified for duty therein."

Sec. 42. That section 78 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking 9ut
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 78. That hereafter, men duly qualified
vnd^r regulations prescribed by the secretary
of war may enlist in the national guard reserve
for a period of one or three years, under such
regulations as the secretary of war shall pre-
scribe, and on .so enlisting they shall subscribe
to the following enlistment contract and take
the oath therein specified : 'I do hereby acknowl-
edge to have voluntarily enlisted this

(j ; ,v of . J9 , as a soldi ?r in the national

guard reserve of the United States and of the

state of , for a period of one (or three)

vear , unless sooner discharged by proper
authority, and I do solemnly sweatr that I will
bear true faith and allegiance to the United

States of America and to the state of ,

and that I will sorve them honestly and faith-
fully against all their enemies whomsoever and
that 1 will obey the orders of. the president of
the United States and the governor of the state

of , and of the officers appointed over

me according to law and the rules and articles
of war 1 : Provided, That members of said
rse^ve. officers and enlisted men. when engaged
in field or coast defense training with the
rctive national guard, shall receive the same
federal pay and allowances as those occupying
like grades on the active list of said guard
when likewise engaged: Provided further. That,
except as otherwise specifically provided in this
act, no commissioned or enlisted reservist shall
receive any pay or allowances out of any
appropriation made by congress for national
guard purposes."

Sec. 43. That said act be. and the same is
hereby, amended by striking out section 79.
Sec. 44. That section 81 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 81. Militia bureau of the war depart-
ment. The militia division of the war depart-
ment shall hereafter be known as 'the militia
bureau of the wai department. After Jan. 1.
1921, the chief of the militia bureau shall
be appointed by the president, by and with the
advice and consent of the senate, by selection
from lists of present and former national guard
officers, recommo-nded by the governors of the
several states and territories as suitable for
such appointment, who hold commissions in
he officers' reserve corps, who have had ten or
more years' commissioned service in the
national guard, at least five of which have been
n the line, and who have attained at least
he grade of major. He shall hold office for
Jour years, unless sooner removed for cause,
and sha.ll have the rank, pay and allowances
of a major-general of the regular army during
his tenure of office, but shall not be entitled

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

157

to retirement or retired pay. While serving
ap chief, his reserve commission shall continue
in force, and shall not be terminated except
for cause assigned. Until the chief is appointed,
as provided in this section, the president may
assign an officer of the regular aimy, not
below the grade of colonel, to perform the
duties of chief. For duty in the militia bureau
and for the instruction of the national guard
the president shall assign such number of
officers and enlisted men of the regular army
as he may deem necessary. The president may
also assign, with their consent, and within the
limits of the appropriations previously made
for this specific purpose, not exceeding- five hun-
dred officers of the national guard, who hold
reserve commissions, to duty with the regular
army, in addition to those attending service
schools; and while so assigned they shall
receive the same pay 'and allowances as
regular army officers of like grades, to be paid
out of the whole fund appropriated for the
support of the militia."

Sec. 45. That section 89 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking- out
the same and inserting- the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 89. Animals for national g-uard. Funds
allotted by the secretary of war for the support
of the national guard shall be available for
the purchase, under such regulations as the
secretary of war may prescribe, of animals
conforming to the regular army standards for
the training- of the national guard, said animals
to remain the property of the United States
and to be used solely for military purposes.

"The number of animals so issued shall not
exceed thirty-two for each battery of field
artillery or troop of cavalry, and a propor-
tionate number for other mounted organiza-
tions, under such regulations as the secretary
of war may prescribe; and the secretary of war
is further authorized to issue, in lieu of pur-
chase, for the training of such organizations,
condemned army animals which are no longer
fit for service, but which may be suitable for
the purposes of instruction, such animals to
be sold as now provided by law when said
purposes shall have been served."

Sec. 46. That section 90 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following- in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 90. Funds allotted by the secretary of
war for the support of the national guard
shall be available for the purchase and issue
of forage, bedding, shoeing and veterinary serv-
ices, and supplies for the government animals
issued to any organization, and for the com-
pensation of competent help for the care of
the material, animals and equipment thereof,
under such regulations as the secretary of
war may prescribe: Provided, That the men
to be compensated, not to exceed five for each
organization, shall be duly enlisted therein and
shall be detailed by the organization com-
mander, under such regulations as the secre-
tary of war may prescribe, and shall be paid
by the United States disbursing officer in each
state, territory and the District of Columbia."

Sec. 47. That section 109 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof:

"Sec. 109. Pay for the national guard offi-
cers. Captains and lieutenants belonging to
organizations of the national guard shall re-
ceive compensation at the rate of one-thirtieth
of the monthly base pay of their grades as
prescribed for the regular army for each regu-
lar drill or other period of instruction author-
ized by the secretary of war, not exceeding
five in any one calendar month, at which they
shall have been officially present for the entire

required period, and at which at least 50 per
centum of the commissioned strength and 60
per centum of the enlisted strength attend and
participate for not less than one and one-half
hours. Captains commanding organizations
shall receive $240 a year in addition to the
drill pay herein prescribed. Officers above the
grade of captain shall receive not more than
$500 a year, and officers below the grade of
major, not belonging to organizations, shall
receive not more than four-thirtieths of the
monthly base pay of their grades for satis-
factory performance of their appropriate duties
under such regulations as the secretary of
war may prescribe. Pay under the provisions
of this section shall not accrue to any officer
curing the period when he shall be lawfully
entitled to the same pay as an officer of cor-
responding grade in the regular army: Pro-
vided, That section 9 of an act amending- the
act entitled 'An act to authorize the president
to increase temporarily the military establish-
ment of the United States.' approved May 18
1917, approved Aug. 31. 1918, shall also
apply to the purchase of uniforms, accouter-
ments and equipment for cash by officers of
the national guard and national guard reserve,
whether in state or federal service, on proper
identification and under such rules and regu-
lations as the secretary of war may prescribe."

Sec. 48. That section 110 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the first paragraph and inserting: the following
in lieu thereof:

"Sec. 110. Pay for national gruard enlisted
men. Each enlisted man belonging to an or-
ganization of the national guard shall receive
compensation at the rate of one-thirtieth of
the initial monthly pay of his grade in the
regular army for each drill ordered for his
organization where he is officially present and
In which he participates for not less than one
and one-half hours, not exceeding eight in any
one calendar month and not exceeding sixty
drills in one year: Provided, That no enlisted
man shall receive any pay under the provisions
of this section for any month in which he
shall have attended less than 60 per centum
of the drills or other exercises prescribed for
his organization: Provided further. That the
proviso contained in section 92 of this act
shall not operate to prevent the payment of
enlisted men actually present at any duly
ordered drill or other exercise: And provided
lurther. That periods of any actual military
uuly equivalent to the drills herein prescribed
(except those periods of service for which
members of the national guard may become
lawfully entitled to the same pay as officers
and enlisted men of the corresponding grades
in the regular army) may be accepted as serv-
ice in lieu of such drills when so provided by
the secretary of war."

Sec. 49. That section 111 of said act be, and
the same is hereby, amended by striking out
the same and inserting the following in lieu
thereof :

"Sec. 111. National guard when drafted into
federal service. When congress shall have
authorized the use of the armed land f9rces
of the United States for any purpose requiring
the use of troops in excess of those of the
regular army, the president may, under such
regulations, including such physical examina-
tion as he may prescribe, draft into the mili-
tary service of the United States, to serve
therein for the period of the war or emergency,
unless sooner discharged, any or all members of
the national guard and of the national guard
reserve. All persons so drafted shall, from the
date of their draft, stand discharged from the
militia, and shall be subject to such laws and
regulations for the government of the army of

158

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

the United States as may be applicable to mem-
hers of the army, whose permanent retention
in the military service is not contemplated by
law, and shall be organized into units corre-
sponding 1 as far as practicable to those of the
regular army or shall be otherwise assigned as
the president may direct. The commissioned
officers of said organizations shall be appointed
from among the members thereof; officers with
rank not above that of colonel to be appointed
by the president alone, and all other officers
to be appointed by the president by and with
the advice and consent of the senate. Officers
and enlisted men while in the service of the
United States under the terms of this section
shall have the same pay and allowances as
officers and enlisted men of the regular army
of the same grades and the same prior serv-
ice. On the termination of the emergency all
persons so drafted shall be discharged from the
army, shall resume their membership in the
militia and, if the state so provide, shall con-
tinue to serve in the national guard until the
dates upon which their enlistments entered
into prior to their draft would have expired if
uninterrupted."

Sec. 60. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by striking out section 114.

Sec. 51. That said act be, and the same is
hereby, amended by inserting after section 127
a new section, to be numbered 127a, and to
read as follows:

"Sec. 127a. Miscellaneous provisions. Here-
after no detail, rating, or assignment of an
officer shall carry advanced rank, except as
otherwise specifically provided herein: Pro-
vided. That in lieu of the 50 per centum in-
crease of pay provided for in this act any
officer or enlisted man upon whom the rating
of junior military aviator, or military aviator,
has heretofore been conferred for having spe-
cially distinguished himself in time of war in
active operations against the enemy, shall,
while on duty which requires him to partici-
pate regularly and frequently in aerial flights,
continue to have the rank, pay and allowances
and additional pay now provided by the act
of June 3. 1916, and the act of July 24. 1917,

"Officers now carried as additional numbers
shall be included in the numbers provided for
by this act, and, after June 30, 1920, shall
no longer be additional, and any officer here-
after appointed, under the provisions of law,
to a grade in which no vacancy exists, shall
be an additional number in that grade until
absorbed, and no longer.

"In time of war retired officers may be em-
ployed on active duty in the discretion of the
president, and when so employed they shall
receive the full pay and allowances of their
grades.

"The president is authorized to detail not
more than five officers of the medical depart-
ment for duty with the military relief division
of the American National Red Cross.

"Authority is hereby giver to the secretary
of war to grant permission, by revocable
license, to the American National Red Cross
to erect and maintain, on any military reserva-
tions within the jurisdiction of the United
States, buildings suitable for the storage of
supplies, or to occupy for that purpose build-
ings erected by the United States, under such
regulations as the secretary of war may pre-
scribe, such supplies to be available for the
aid of the civilian population in case of serious
national disaster.

"In determining relative rank and increase
of pay for length of service, and. in the case
of officers of the regular army, in determining
rights of retirement, active duty performed
while under appointment from the United
States government, whether in the regular,
provisional, or temporary forces, shall be cred-

ited to the same extent as service under a
regular army commission.

"In time of war any officer of the regular
army may be appointed to higher temporary
rank without vacating his permanent com-
mission, such appointments in grades below
that of brigadier-general being made by the
president alone, but all other appointments of
officers in time of war shall be in the officers'
reserve corps.

"Unless special assignment is made by the
president under the provisions of the 119th
article of war, all officers in the active service
of the United States in any grade shall take
rank according to date, which, in the case of
an officer of the regular army, is that stated
in his commission or letter of appointment,
and, in the case of a reserve officer or an
officer oi the national guard called into the
service of the United States, shall precede that
on which he is placed on active duty by a
period equal to the total length of active serv-
ice which he may have performed in the
grade in which called or any higher grade.
When dates of rank are the same, precedence
shall be determined by length of active com-
missioned service in the army. When length
of such service is the same, officers oi the
regular army shall take rank among them-
selves according to their places on the pro-
motion list, preceding reserve and national
guard officers of the same date of rank and
length of service, who shall take rank among
themselves according to age.

"Hereafter any retired pfficer who has been
or shall be detailed on active duty shall receive
the rank. pay. and allowances of the grade, not
above that of colonel, that he would have
attained in due course of promotion if he had
remained on the active list for a period beyond
the date of his retirement equal to the total
amount of time during which he has been
detailed to active duty since his retirement.

"Retired enlisted men who have served hon-
orably as commissioned officers of the United
States army at some time between April 6.
1917, and Nov. 11, 1918, including those who
have been placed on the retired list during
the world war, and who have been or may
hereafter be discharged from their temporary
commissions, shall receive the retired pay and
allowances of warrant officers- pn the retired
list, as provided in this act.

"Cadets graduated from the United States
military academy during the present calendar
year shall be commissioned as second lieuten-
ants to date fiot earlier than July 2. 1920.

"The president is authorized to retain tem-
porarily in service, under their present com-
missions, such emergency officers as he may
deem necessary, but the total number so
remaining in service, other than those under-
going treatment for physical reconstruction,
shall not at any time exceed the total num-
ber of vacancies then existing in the regular
army. Any such officer may be discharged
when his services are no longer required, and
all such officers shall be discharged not later
than Dec. 31, 1920. All officers of the regular
army holding commissions granted for the pe-
riod of the existing emergency, in whatever
grade, shall be discharged therefrom not later
than June 30. 1920. The president is author-
ized and directed to retain in service disabled
emergency officers until their treatment for
physical reconstruction has reached a point
where they will not be further benefited by
retention in a military hospital or in the
military service.

"The secretary of war is hereby authorized,
in his discretion, to detail not to exceed 2
per centum of the commissioned officers of the
, regular army in any fiscal year as students at
such technical, professional and other educa-
tional institutions, or as students, observers

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

159

or investigators at such industrial plants, hos-
pitals and other places, as shall be best suited
to enable such officers to acquire a knowledge
of or experience in the specialties in which it
is deemed necessary that such officers shall
perfect themselves. The number of officers so
detailed shall, as far as practicable, be distrib-
uted proportionally among- the various
branches: Provided. That no expense shall be
incurred by the United States in addition to
the pay and allowances of the officers so
detailed, except for the cost of tuition at such
technical, professional, and other educational
institutions.

"Whenever, prior to December 31, 1920, any
person shall be nominated to the senate for
appointment to fill any office in the regular
army provided for by this act, the president
alone is authorized to appoint such person
temporarily in the United States army in the
grade pertaining to such regular army office
to have rank and pay from the same datei
as if such appointment were in the regu
lar army. Such temporary appointment shal
terminate upor acceptance, after conflrma
tion, of the corresponding office in the
regular army, or on March 4. 1921, if then
still unconfirmed. If any officer of the regula
army is retired while holding a temporary
appointment made under the provisions of this
paragraph, he shall have the rank of such
temporary grade, and his retired pay shall be
computed upon the pay of that grade."

Sec. 52. That all laws and parts of laws
in so far as they are inconsistent with this
act are hereby repealed.

CHAPTER II.

The articles included in this section shall
be known as the articles of war and shall
at all times and in all places govern the armies
of the United States.

I. Preliminary Provisions.

Article 1. Definitions. The following words
when used in these articles shall be construed
in the sense indicated in this article, unless
the context shows that a different sense is
intended, namely:

(a) The word "officer" shall be construed
to refer to a commissioned officer:

(b) The word "soldier" shall be construed
as including a noncommissioned officer, a
private or any other enlisted man:

(d) The word "battalion" shall be under-
stood as including a squadron.

Art. 2. Persons subject to military law.
The following persons are subject to these
articles and shall be understood as included
m the term "any person subject to military
law." or "persons subject to military law."
whenever used in these articles: Provided.
That nothing contained in this act, except as
specifically provided in article 2, subparagraph
(c). shall be construed to apply to any person
under the United States naval jurisdiction
unless otherwise specifically provided by law.

(a) All officers, members of the army nurse
corps warrant officers, army field clerks,
field cflerks quartermaster corps, and soldiers
belonging to the regular <army of the United
States: all volunteers, from the dates of their
muster or acceptance into the military service
of the United States: and all other persons
lawfully called, drafted, or ordered into or
to duty or for training in. the said service,
from the dates they are required by the terms
of the call, draft or order to obey the same ;

(b) Cadets:

(c) Officers and soldiers of the marine corp a
whon detached for service with the armies of
the United States by order of the president:
Provided. That an officer or soldier of the
marine corps when so detached may be tried

by military court-martial for an offense com-
mitted against the laws for the government
of the naval service prior to his detachment,
and for an offense committed against these
articles he may be tried by a naval court-
martial after such detachment ceases:

(d) All retainers to the camp, and all per-
sons accompanying or serving with the armies
of the United States without the territorial
jurisdiction of the United States, and in time
of war all such retainers and persons accom-
panying or serving with the armies of the
United States in the field, both within and
without the territorial jurisdiction of the
United States, though not otherwise subject
to these articles:

(e) All persons under sentence adjudged by
courts-martial; .

(f) All persons admitted into the regular
army soldiers' home at Washington. D. C.

II. Courts-Martial.

Art. 3. Courts-martial classified. Courts-mar-
tial shall be of three kinds, namely:
First, general courts-martial;
Second, special courts-martial; and
Third, summary courts-martial.

A. Composition.

Art. 4. Wh9 may serve on courts-martial.
All officers in the military service of the
United States, and officers of the marine corps
when detached for service with the army by
order of the president, shall be competent to
serve on courts-martial for the trial of any
persons who may lawfully 'be brought before
such courts for trial. When appointing courts-
martial the appointing authoiity shall detail
as members thereof those officers of the com-
mand who, in his opinion, are best qualified
for the duty by reason of age, training, expe-
rience, and judicial temperament; and officers
having less than two years' service shall not.
if it can be avoided without manifest injury
to the service, be appointed as members of
courts-martial in excess of the minority mem-
bership thereof.

Art. 5. General courts-martial. General
courts-martial may consist of any number of
officers not less than five.

Art. 6. Special courts-martial. Special courts-
martial may consist of any number o,f officers
not less than three.

Art. 7. Summary courts-martial. A summary
court-martial shall consist of one officer.

B. By Whom Appointed.

Art. 8. General courts-martial. The president
of the United States, the commanding officer
of a territorial division or department, the
superintendent of the military academy, the
commanding 1 officer of an army, an army corps,
a division, or a separate brigade, and. when
empowered by the president, the commanding-
officer of any district or of any force or body
)f troops may appoint general courts-martial;
)ut when any mch commander is the accuser
>r the prosecutor of the person or persons to
be tried, the court shall be appointed by
superior competent authority, and no officer
shall be eligible to sit as a member of such
court when he is the accuser or a witness
for the prosecution.

The authority appointing a general court-
martial shall detail as one of the members
hereof a law member, who shall be an offi-
er of the judge- advocate general's department,
except that when an officer of that department
s not available for the purpose the appoint-
ng authority shall detail instead an officer
of some other branch of the service selected by
he appointing authority as specially qualified
o perform the duties of law member. The law
member, in addition to his duties as a member,
hall perform such other duties as ,the presi-
ent may by regulations prescribe.

160

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1921.

Art. 9. Special courts-martial. The command-
ing 1 officer of a district, grarrison, fort, camp,
or other place where troops are on duty and
the commanding- officer of a brigade, regiment,
detached battalion, or other detached command
may appoint special courts-martial; but when
any such commanding officer is the accuser
or the prosexutor of the person or persons
to be tried, the court shall be appointed by
superior aathority. and may in any case be
appointed by superior authority when by the
latter deemed desirable; and vno officer shall
be eligible to tdt as a member of such court
when he is the accuser or a witness for the
prosecution.

Art. 10. Summary courts-martial. The com-
manding officer of a garrison, fort, camp, or
other place where troops are on duty, and the
commanding- officer of a regiment, detached I
battalion, detached company, or other detach- I
ment may appoint summary courts-martial;
but such summary courts-martial may in any
case be appointed by superior authority when
by the latter deemed desirable: Proyioed, That
when but one officer is present with a com-
mand he shall be the summary court-martial
of that command and shall hear and determine
cases brought before him.

Art. 11. Appointment of trial judge advo-
cates and counsel. For each general or special
court-martial the authority appointing the
court shall appoint a trial judge advocate and
a defense counsel and for each general court-
martial one or more assistant trial judge advo-
cates and one or more assistant defense counsel
when necessary: Provided, however. That no
officer who has acted as member, trial judge
advocate, assistant trial judge advocate, defense
counsel, or assistant defense counsel in any
ease shall subsequently act as staff judge
advocate to the reviewing or confirming- au-
thority upon the same case.

C. Jurisdiction.

Art. 12. General courts-martial. General
courts-martial shall have power to try any
person subject to military law for any crime
or offense made punishable by these articles,
and any other person who by the law of war
is subject to trial by military .tribunals: Pro-
vided, That no officer shall be brought to
trial before a general court-martial appointed
by the superintendent of the military academy;
Provided further. That the officer competent
to appoint a general court-martial for the
trial of any particular case may, when in his
judgment the interest of the service shall so
require, cause any case to be tried by a special
court-martial notwithstanding the limitations
upon the jurisdiction of the special court-
martial as to offenses set out in article 13;
but the limitations upon jurisdiction as to per-
sona and upon punishing power set out in
said article shall be observed.

Art. 13. Special courts-martial. Special
courts-martial shall have power to try any
person subject to military law for any crime
or offense, not capital, made punishable by
these articles: Provided, That the president
may, by regulations, except from the jurisdic-
tion of special courts-martial any class or
classes of persons subject to military law.

Special courts-martial shall not have power
to adjudge confinement in excess of six months,
nor to adjudge forfeiture of more than two-
thirds pay per month for a period of not
exceeding six months.

Art. 14. Summary courts-martial. -Summary
courts-martial shall have power to try any
person subject to military law. except an
officer, a member of the army nurse corps a
warrant officer, an army field clerk, a field
clerk quartermaster corps, a cadet, or a soldier

holding the privileges of a certificate of eligi-
bility to promotion, for any crime or offense,
not capital, made punishable by these articles:
Provided, That noncommissioned officers shall
not, if they object thereto, be brought to trial
before a summary court-martial without the
authority of the officer competent to bring
them to trial before a general court-martial:
Provided further. That the president may, by
regulations, except from the jurisdiction of
summary courts-martial any class or classes
of persons subject to military law.

Summary courts-martial shall not have power
to adjudge confinement in excess of one
month, restriction to limits for more than three
months, or forfeiture or detention of more
than two-thirds of one month's pay.

Art. 15. Jurisdiction not exclusive. The pro-
visions of these articles conferring jurisdiction
upon courts-martial shall not be construed as
depriving military commissions, provost courts,
or other military tribunals of concurrent juris-
diction in respect of offenders or offenses that
by statute or by the law of war may be triable
by such military commissions, provost courts,
or other military tribunals.

Art. 16. Officers, how triable. Officers shall
be triable only by general and special court s-
martial, and in no case shall an officer, when
it can be avoided, be tried by officers inferior
to him in rank.

D. Procedure.

Art. 17. Trial judge advocate to prosecute:
counsel to defend. The trial judge advocate
of a general or special court-martial shall
prosecute in the name of the United States,
and shall, under the direction of the court,
prepare the record of its proceedings. The
accused shall have the right to be represented
in his defense before the court by counsel of
his own selection, civil counsel if he so pro-
vides, or military if such counsel be reason-
ably available, otherwise by the defense coun-
sel duly appointed for the court pursuant
to article -11. Should the accused have
counsel of his own selection, the defense coun-
sel and assistant defense counsel, if any, of
the court, shall, if the accused so desires, act
as his associate counsel.

Art. 18. Challenges. Members of a general
or special -court-martial may be challenged by
the -accused or the trial judge advocate for
cause stated to the court. The court shall
determine the relevancy and validity thereof,
and shaH not receive a challenge to more than
one member at a time. Challenges by the
trial judge advocate shall ordinarily be pre-
sented and decided before those by the accused
are offered. Each side shall be entitled to one
peremptory challenge: but the law member
of the court shall not be challenged except for
cauae.

Art. 19. Oaths. The trial judge advocate of
a general or special court-martial shall admin-
ister to the members of the court, before they
proceed upon any trial, the following oath or
affirmation: "You. A. B.. do swear (or affirm)
that you will well and truly try and deter-
mine, according to the evidence, the matter
now before you. 'between the United States
of America a.nd the person to be tnied, and
that you will duly administer justice, without
partiality, favor, or affection, -according to
the provisions of the rules and articles for
the government of the armies of the United
States, and if any doubt should arise, not
explained by said articles, then according to
your conscience, the best of your understand-
ing, and the custom of war in like oases; and
you do further swear (or affirm) that you will
not divulge the findings or sentence of the
court until they shall be published by the
proper authority or duly announced by the

ALMANAC AND YEAE-BOOK FOB 1921.

161

court, except to the trial judge advocate and
assistamt trial judge advocate: neither will you
disclose or discover the vote or opinion of
any particular member of the court-martial
upon a challenge or upon the findings or sen-
tence, unless required to give evidence thereof
as a witness by a court of justice in due
course of law. So help you God."

When the oath or affirmation has been
administered to the members of a general or
speci'al court-martial, the president of the
court shall administer to the trial judge
advocate and to each assistant trial judge
advocate, if any, an oath or affirmation in
the following form: "You, A. B., do swear
(or affirm) that you will faithfully and
impartially perform the duties of a trial judge
advocate, and will not divulge the findings
or sentence of the court to any but the proper
authority until they shall be duly disclosed.
So help you God."

All persons who give evidence before a
court-martial shall be examined on oath or
affirmation in the following form: "You
swear (or affirm) that the evidence you shall
give in the case now in hearing shall be the
truth, the whole truth-, and nothing- but the
truth. So help you God."

Every reporter of the proceedings of a court-
martial shall, before entering upon his duties,
make oath or affirmation in the following 1
form: "You swear (or affirm) that you will
faithfully perform the duties of reporter to
this court. So help you God."

Every interpreter in the trial of any case
before a court-martial shall, before entering
upon his duties, make oath or affirmation in
the following: form: You swear (or* affirm)
that you will truly interpret in the case now
in heariag 1 . So help you God."

In case of affirmation the closing 1 sentence
of adjtiration will be omitted.

Art. 20. Continuances. A court-martial may,
lor reasonable cause, grant a continuance to
either party for such time and as often as
may appear to be just.

Art. 21. Refusal or failure to plead. When
an accused arraigned before a court-martial
fails or refuses to plead, or answers foreign
to the purpose, or after a plea of guilty makes
a statement inconsistent with the plea, or
when it appears to the court that he entered
a plea of guilty improvident ly or through lack
of understanding- of its meaning and effect, the
court shall proceed to trial and judgment as
if he had pleaded not guilty.

Art. 22. Process to obtain witnesses. Every
trial judge advocate of a general or special
court-martial and every summary court-martial
shall have power to issue the like process
to compel witnesses to appear and testify
which courts of the United States, having
criminal jurisdiction, may lawfully issue: but
such process shall run to any part of the
United States, its territories and possessions.

Art. 23. Refusal to appear or testify. Every
person not subject to military law who, being
duly subpO3naed to appear as a witness before
any military court, commission, court of in-
quiry, or board, or before any officer, military
or civil, designated to take a deposition to be
read in evidence before such court, commission,
court of inquiry, 'or board, willfully neglects
or refuses to appear, or refuses to qualify
as a witness, or to testify, or produce docu-
mentary evidence which such person may
have been legally subpoenaed to produce, shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, for which
such person shall be punished on information
in the district court of the United States or
in a court of original criminal jurisdiction in
any of the territorial possessions of the United
States, jurisdiction being hereby conferred
upon such, courts for such purpose: and it

shall be the duty of the United States district
attorney or the officer prosecuting for the
government in any such court of original crim-
inal jurisdiction on the certification of the
facts to him by the military court, commis-
sion, court of inquiry, or board, to file an
information against and prosecute the person
so offending, and the punishment of such per-
son, on conviction, shall be a fine of not more
than $500 or imprisonment not to exceed six
months, or both, at the discretion of the
court: Provided, That the fees of such witness
and his mileage, at the rates allowed to wit-
nesses attending the courts of the United
States, shall be duly paid or tendered said
witness, such amounts to be paid out of the
appropriation for the compensation of wit-
nesses: Provided further. That every person
not subject to military law, *who before any
court-martial, military tribunal, or military
board, or in connection with, or in relation
to any proceedings or investigation before it
or had under any of the provisions of this
act. is guilty of any of the acts made punish-
able as offenses against public justice by any
provision of chapter 6 of the act of March
4, 1909, entitled "An act to codify. revi?-'\ and
amend the penal laws of the United States"
(volume 35, United States statutes at large,
page 1088), or any amendment thereof, shall
be punished as therein provided.

Art. 24. Compulsory self-incrimination pro-
hibited. No witness before a military court,
commission, court of inquiry, or board, or be-
fore any officer conducting an investigation, or
before any officer, military or civil, designated
to take a deposition to be read in evidence
before a military court, commission, court of
inquiry, or board, or before an officer con-
ducting an investigation, shall be compelled
to incriminate himself or to answer any ques-
tion the answer to which may tend to incrim-
inate him, or to answer any question not ma-
terial to the issue when such answer might
tend to degrade him.

Art. 25. Depositions When admissible.- A
duly authenticated deposition taken upon rea-
sonable notice to the opposite party may be
read in evidence before any military court or
commission in any case not capital, or in any
proceeding before a court of inquiry or a
military board, if such deposition be taken
when the witness resides, is found, or is about
to go beyond the state, territory or district in
which the court, commission or board is
ordered to sit, or beyond the distance of 100
miles from the place of trial or hearing, or
when it appears to the satisfaction of the
court, commission, board or appointing au-
thority that the witness, by reason of age.
sickness, bodily infirmity, imprisonment or
other reasonable cause, is unable to a-ppear and
testify in person at the place of trial or hear-
ing: Provided. That testimony by deposition
may be adduced for the defense in capital

Art. 26. Depositions Before whom taken.
Depositions to be read in evidence before
military courts, commissions, courts of inquiry,
or military boards, or for other use in military
administration, may be taken before and au-
thenticated by any officer, military or civil,
authorized by the laws of the United States
or by the laws of the place where the deposi-
tion is taken to administer oaths.

Art. 27. Courts of inquiry Records of. when
admissible. The record of the proceedings of
a court of inquiry may, with the consent of
the accused, be read in evidence before any
court-martial or military commission in any
case not capital nor extending to the dismissal
of an officer, and may also be read in evidence
in any proceeding before a court of inquiry

162

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

or a military board: Provided. That such
evidence may be adduced by the defense in
capital cases or cases extending to the dismissal
of an officer.

Art. 28. Certain acts to constitute desertion.
Any officer who, having- tendered his resigna-
tion and prior to due notice of the acceptance
of the same, quits his post or proper duties
without leave and with intent to absent him-
self permanently therefrom shall be deemed
a deserter.

Any soldier who, without having- first received
a regular discharge, again enlists in the army,
or in the militia when in the service of the
United States, or in the navy or marine corps
of the United States, or in any foreign army,
shall be deemed to have deserted the service
of the United States; and, where the enlist-
ment is in one of the forces of the United
States mentioned above, to have fraudulently
enlisted therein.

Any person subject to military law who quits
his organization or place of duty with the
intent to avoid hazardous duty or to shirk
important service shall be deemed a deserter.
Art. 29. Court to announce action. When
ever the court has acquitted the accused upon
all specifications and charges, the court shar
at once announce such result in open court
Under such regulations as the president may
prescribe the findings and sentence in other
cases may be similarly announced.

Art. 30. Closed sessions. Whenever a general
or special court-martial shall sit in closed
session, the trial judge advocate and the as
Bistant trial judge advocate, if any, shall with-
draw; and when their assistance in referring to
the recorded evidence is required, it shall be
obtained in open court, and in the presence of
the accused and of his counsel, if there be any
Art. 31. Method of voting. Voting by mem-
bers of a general or special court-martial upon
question of challenge, on the findings, and on
the sentence shall be by secret written ballot.
The junior member of the court shall in each
case count the votes, which count shall be
checked by the president, who will forthwith
announce the result of the ballot to the mem-
bers of the court. The law member of the
court, if any, or if there be no law member
of the court, then the president, may rule in
open court upon interlocutory questions, other
than challenges, arising during- the proceedings:
Provided. That unless such ruling be made
by the law member of the court if any mem-
ber object thereto the court shall be cleared
and 'closed and the question decided by a
majority vote, viva voce, beginning with the
junior in rank: And provided further. That if
any such ruling be made by the law member
of the court upon any interlocutory question
other than an objection to the admissibility of
evidence offered during the trial, and any mem-
ber object to the ruling, the court shall like-
wise be cleared and closed and the question
decided by a majority vote, viva voce begin-
ning with the junior in rank: Provided further
however. That the phrase, "objection to the
admissibility of evidence offered during the
trial, as used in the next preceding proviso
hereof, shall not be construed to include ques-
tions as to the order of the introduction of
witnesses or other evidence, nor of the recall
of witnesses for further examination, nor as
to whether expert witnesses shall be admitted
or called upon any question, nor as to whether
the court shall view the premises where an
offense is alleged to have been committed nor
as to the competency of witnesses, as. for in-
stance, of children, witnesses alleged to be
mentally incompetent, and the like, nor as to
the insanity of accused, or whether the e\ist-
ence of mental disease or mental derangement

on the part of the accused has become an issue
in the trial, or accused required to submit to
physical examination, nor whether any argu-
ment or statement of counsel for the accused
or of the trial judge advocate is improper,
nor any ruling in a case involving military
strategy or tactics or correct military action;
but. upon all these questions arising on the
trial, if any member object to any ruling of
the law member, the court shall be cleared and
closed and the question decided by majority
vote of the members in the manner aforesaid.
Art. 32. Contempts. A military tribunal
may punish as for contempt any person who
u?es any menacing- words, signs, or gestures in
its presence, or who disturbs its proceedings
by any riot or disorder: Provided. That such
punishment shall in no case exceed one month's
confinement, or a fine of $100. or both.

Art. 33. Records General courts-martial.
Each general court-martial shall keep a sepa-
rate record of its proceedings in the trial of
each case brought before it. and such record
shall be authenticated by the signature of
the president and the trial judge advocate:
but in case the record cannot be authenti-
cated by the president and trial judge advo-
cate, by reason of the death, disability, or
absence of either or both of them, it shall be
signed by a member in lieu of the president
and by an assistant trial judge advocate, if
there be one. in lieu of the trial judge advo-
cate: otherwise by another member of the
court.

Art. 34. Records Special and summary
courts-martial. Each special court-martial and
each summary court-martial shall keep a
record of its proceedings, separate for each
case, which record shall contain such matter
and be authenticated in such manner as may
be required by regulations which the president
may from time to time prescribe.

Art. 35. Disposition of records General
courts-martial. The trial judge advocate of
each general court-martial shall, with such
expedition as circumstances may permit, for-
ward to the appointing authority or to his
successor in command the original record of
the proceedings of such court in the trial of
each case. All records of such proceedings
shall, after having been acted upon, be trans-
milted to thj judge-advocate general of the
army.

Art. 30. Disposition of records Special and
summary courts-martial. After having been
acted upon by the officer appointing the court,
or by the officer commanding for the time
being, the record of each trial by special
court-martial and a report of each trial by
summary court-martial shall be transmitted
to such general headquarters as the president
may designate in regulations, there to be filed
n the office otf the judge advocate. When
no longer of use. records of summary courts-
martial may be destroyed.

Art. 37. Irregularities 'Effect of. The pro-
ceedings of a court-martial shall not be held
nvalid. nor tlhe findings or sentence disap-
proved, in any case on the ground of improper
admission or rejection of evidence or for any
error as to any matter of pleading or proced-
ure unless in the opinion of the reviewing or
confirming authority, after an examination
of the entire proceedings, it shall appear that
he error complained of has injuriously affected
he substantial rig-hts of an accused: Provided.
That the act or omission upon which the
accused has been tried constitutes an offense
denounced and made punishable by one or
more of these articles: Provided further. That
he omission of the words "hard labor" in
ny sentence of a court-martial adjudging
mprisonment or confinement shall not be con-
trued as depriving the authorities executing
uch sentence of imprisonment or confinement

ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB 1921.

163

of the power to require hard labor as a part
of the punishment in any case where it is
authorized by the executive order prescribing
maximum punishments.

Art. 38. President may prescribe rules. The
president may. by regulations, which he may
modify from time to time, prescribe the pro-
cedure, including modes of proof, in cases
before courts-martial, courts of inquiry, mili-
tary commissions and other military tribu-
nals, which regulations shall, in so far as he
shall deem practicable, apply the rules of
evidence generally recognized in the trial of
criminal cases in the district courts of the
United States: Provided. That nothing contrary
to or inconsistent with these articles shall be
so prescribed : Provided further. That all rules
made in pursuance of this, article shall be
laid before the Congress annually.

E. Limitations Upon Prosecutions.

Art. 39. As to time. Except for desertion
committed in time ef war, or for mutiny or
murder, no person subject to military law
shall be liable to be tried or punished by a
cour