Full text of "Chicago, the marvelous city of the West : a history, an enyclopedia, and a guide : 1893 : illustrated"

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AND RESIDENTS ARE INVARIABLY
INTERESTED IN SEEING JUST

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MADE, AND EVERY FACILITY IS
CORDIALLY GIVEN THEM BY
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FOR DESCRIPTION OF THIS, THE MODEL NEWSPAPER
BUILDING OF THE WORLD, SEE PAGE 423. . . .

ARE WELCOME AT ANY HOUR
OF ANY DAY OR NIGHT, AND AS

WTQ1 POP^ THERE IS NEITHER LOCK NOR
V IwJJ 1 V/1\O KEY TQ JHE BUILDING, IT

NEVER CAN BE CLOSED. . .

FOR QARpFULLY EXECUTED HALF-TONE PICTURES
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TRATIONS, THIS VOLUME.

THE VISITORS' GALLERY

OVERLOOKS THE TEN GREAT PRESSES ON WHICH
IS PRINTED THAT GREATEST OF TWO-CENT MET-
ROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS,

THE CHICAGO HERALD.

TRAIHS IH AMERICA,

BAL TIM ORE & OHIO RAILROAD

JVew York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and

All Trains Vestibuled from End to End, and protected by Pullman's Anti-Telescoping Appliance,

including Baggage Cars, Day Coaches, Parlor Cars and Sleepers.
ALL CARS HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH CAS.

THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD

Maintains a Complete Service

of Vestibuled Express

Trains between

New York, Cincinnati,
St. Louis & Chicago,

EQUIPPED WITH

PULLMAN

PALACE SLEEPING CARS

Running Through Without Change.

ALL B. & 0. TRAINS

BETWEEN THE

EAST AND WEST
RUN VIA WASHINGTON.

\\V t^**"' PRINCIPAL OFFICES :

5 211 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. Cor. Wood St. and Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

415 Broadway, New York. Corner 4th and Vine Streets, Cincinnati, O.

Cor. 9th and Chestnut Sts., PhilndPlphia, Pa
Cor. BaltimoreandCalvertfits.. Baltimore, Md.
1351 Pennsylvania Arenue, Washington, D, C.

T. ODELL, GENERAL MANAGER.

CHAS

irk Street, Chicago, 111.
105 Broadway, St. Louis, Mo.
O. SCULL, GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT.

BALTIMORE,

For
New York,

Boston,
Mass.

Albany, N. Y.
Buffalo, N. Y.

Jamestown,
N.Y.

Chautauqua
Lake, N. Y.

Columbus, 0,
and all other
points
on the
Erie Lines.

ERIE LINES.

Chicago to the East.

Solid Vestibule Trains between

CHICAGO AND NEW YORK,

With Pullman Sleeping, Dining and Day Coaches.

Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars to Boston, and

Pullman Sleeping Cars to Ashland, Ky., via Columbus, O.,

EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR.

No Change of Cars on any Class of Tickets
to New York.

For further information, call on or address

A. M. WARRELL,
City Pass, and Ticket Agt.,

242 Clark St., Chicago.
D. I. ROBERTS,

Gen'l Pass. Agt., New York,
iii

F. W. BUSKIRK,

Ass't General Passenger Agent,
Chicago.
A. M. TUCKER,
Gen'l Manager, Cleveland, O.

NEW ROUTE

NEW TRAIN

ELEGANT

EQUIPMENT

VIA THE

CENTRAL

1. C. ^^^^ R.R.

ROUTE.

SOLID TRAIN

(ESTABLISHED 1830.)

NORTHERN

Assurance Company,

ABERDEEN. LONDON.

United States Department Offices:

BOSTON, CHICAQO, CINCINNATI,

NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO.

Losses paid since organization, - $35,000,000
Losses paid in United States, - 6,890,000

Northwestern Department :

\VM. 3D. CROOKK, Manager,

226 La Salle Street, CHICAGO.

Colorado, Dakotas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, New Mexico, Wisconsin', Wyoming.

CHICAGO OFFICE:

153 LA SALLE STRKKT.

TELEPHONE 1520,

CHARLES NELSON BISHOP, City Manager.

MARSHALLfiaD&G).

STATE AND WASHINGTON STREETS, CHICAGO.

Probably of more importance to ladies than any point of inter
est in Chicago, is the retail house of MARSHALL FIELD & Co. Ratec
as it is among the largest in the world, it is by far the most com-
plete and most handsomely equipped in Chicago, and a shopping
headquarters for the larger portion of its residents. To stranger!
a most cordial welcome is extended. Waiting Rooms, Chech
Rooms, Retiring Rooms, and all possible conveniences are offered tc
those who care to enjoy them. To patrons it has to recommend r

Large Stock of Dry Goods, etc.
Low (the lowest) Prices,

and
Absolute Trustworthiness.

\ WISCONSIN!
'CENTRAL

LJNE_S'

NORTHERN PACIFIC

R.VILRCAO CO.
S- LESSEE -X

RUN

Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room Sleepers. Dining Cars
and Coaches of latest design, between
Chicago and Milwaukee and St. Paul
and Minneapolis.

Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room Sleepers, Dining Cars
and Coaches of latest design, between
Chicago and Milwaukee and Ashland
and Duluth.

Through Pullman Vestibuled
Drawing Room and Tourist Sleepers
via the Northern Pacific Railroad
between Chicago and Portland, Ore.
and Tacoma, Wash.

Convenient Trains to and from East-
ern, Western, Northern and Central Wis-
consin points, affording unequalled service
to and from Waukesha, Fond du Lac,
Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Chip-
pewa Falls, Eau Claire, Hurley, Wis.,
and Ironwood and Bessemer, Mich.

For tickets, sleeping car reservations,"
time tables and other information apply
to Agents of the Line, or to Ticket Agents
anywhere in the United States or Canada.
8. R. AINSLIE, Gen'l Manager, - - CHICAGO, ILL
J. H. HANNAFORD, Gen'l Traffic Mgr., ST. I'ADL, MINN.
H. C. BARLOW, Traffic Ipr., - - - CHICAGO, ILL,
JA8. C. POND, Gen'l Paw'r i Tkt. Agt. , CHICAGO, ILL

vil

RICE & WHIT ACRE M'F'G CO.,

Kngines, Boilers,

STEAM PUMPS,

PULLEYS, SHAFTING,

AND HANGERS,
AND

HOT WATER
HEATING APPARATUS.
47 SOUTH CANAL STREET,

CHICAGO.

ESTABLISHED 1857.

J. B. CHAMBERS * CO.,

CLARK AND MADISON STS.

IMPORTERS.

DIAMONDS, RUBIES, SAPPHIRES,

PEARLS, EMERALDS, ETC., LOOSE, SET AND
MOUNTED TO ORDER.

^,25I^j5LTCHiE*S- AMERICAN AND FOREIGN.

STERLING SILVER SOUVENIR SPOONS.

GOLD AND SILVER.

DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY

PUBLISHERS,

PRINTERS find

BINDERS.

4O7 TO

General Offices, ...

Printing- Department,
Bindery, -----
School Stationery and Supplies,
Publishing and Wholesale Books,
Subscription Books -

STR&&T.

6th Floor.

Gtli and Basement.

5th, 7th and Sth Floors.

- 4th Floor.
3rd Floor.

- 2nd Floor.

OUR FACILITIES ARE EQUAL TO ANY EMERGENCY.

ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED ON APPLICATION.

55 U

2
H H

S .

I 5

U H J
3 o7

"S l ~ l eo I**

sMI

S => u S

S tn

H e

c o -S
o S

.CHICAGO

THE MARVELOUS CITY OF THE WEST
A HISTORY, AN ENCYCLOPEDIA

AND

A 6U1D

SEOOlsTID

ILLUSTRATED

1S33

WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY

\ot in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the glorious
colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in
wonder the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago."

NATIONAL BOOK AND PICTURE CO.

167 AND 169 FIFTH AVENUK

CHICAGO

Entered according to act of Congress,
BY THE STANDARD GUIDE CO.

(Joes J. FLINN, President; W. S. SHEPPARD,

Secretary and Treasurer.)
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress,
at Washington, D. C.

All Rights of Translation Reserved.

J. W. rf.1-.OR, PHOTO&BAPHE

> TO

THE CHILDREN OF CHICAGO
IN GENERAL,

AND TO

MY OWN LITTLE CHILDREN
X\ IN PARTICULAR,

WHO, IF THE LORD SPARES THEM UNTIL

THEY SHALL HAVE ATTAINED
C<
THE ALLOTTED SPAN OF LIFE,

WILL SEE THIS CITY
THE GREATEST METROPOLIS ON THE GLOBE,

THIS VOLUME
IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED

BY
THE COMPILER.

THIS BOOK
IS DIVIDED ^NTO T^IVB FVA.RTS.

PART I. CHICAGO AS IT WAS.

PART IT. CHICAGO AS IT IS.

PART III. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.

PART IV. THE WORLD'S COLOMBIAN EXPOSITION.

PART V. THE GUIDE.

LITHOGRAPHING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

FIRST-CLASS WORK.

NO FANCY PRICES.

GIVE US A TRIAL.

LITHOGRAPHERS

N. w. COR, DEARBORN & HARRISON STS.
W. B. ORCUTT, GEN-U MGR.

CHICAGO.

BELDEN F. CULVER,

O^T COl^Tls^ISSIOiT IltT

REAL ESTATE.

PROPERTY Of NON-RESIDENTS TAKEN CHARGE OF AND THEIR INTER-
ESTS PROTECTED.

CAREFUL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PAYMENT OF TAXCS AND
SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS'

59 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO,

ANDREW DUNNING,

92 La Salle Street,

CHICAGO.

ACRE TRACTS in the Northwest Sections of
Chicago for Subdivision and Investment

eft

purposes.

V *

IMPROVED PROPERTY paying fixed income
on gold basis.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

MAPS.

Showing the City of Chicago as It Is Streets, Boulevards, Park System, Location
of World's Columbian Exposition, Important Points, Industrial Centers,
Annexed Suburbs, Outlying Territory, Etc. [Contained in "Pocket" of
back cover.]

Showing Chicago Sanitary Drainage District P%ge

Showing Burned District of Chicago, After Great Fire of October, 1871 Page

Showing Relative Position of Chicago with Regard to Other Principal Cities of
the World, facing - Page

108
400

309

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Facing Pago.
Andrews, A. H. & Co., Sales Rooms. . . .'48

Areiid's Drug Store 231

Auburn Park Suburb, View in 27V

Auditorium, The 21

Berwyn, Railway Station at ... 136

Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Building. ... 72
Chicago has arisen Solace in Tribu-
lation. Frontispice

Chicago Opera House, Entrance to. .. 805
Chicago Water Pumping Stations. . . . 484
Dai y News,The Chicago, Composition

and Press Rooms 400

Dale & Sempill's, Interior View 157

Douglas Monument 497

Drexel Fountain, Washington Park.. 4."itl

Eggleston Suburb, View in 2M

Ely. The Edward C-)., Interior 641

Germania Theater Building . . . 121

Goodrich Line .Steamer "Virginia". . 441
Gormuliy & Jeffery Mfg. Co.'s Works. 208

Grand Central Passenger Station 469

Grand Opera House, interior View. .. 3(14

Grant Locomotive Works 104

Grant Statue, Lincoln Park 29

Herald Building 228

Herald Building, Interior 236

Hooley's Theater, Interior 149

Indian Group, Lincoln Park 57

Inter-Ocean Building 144

Journal and Stock Exchange B'ld'gs.. 433
Keeley Institute, Business Office, Inte-
rior 528

Keeley Institute, Laboratory & Office

Building 177

Keeley Institute, Laboratory Waiting

Room . . 241

Keeley Institute, Taking the Treat-
ment 328

Keeley Institute, Waiting for the Train 405

KimballHall 505

Kimball, W. W. Co., Works of 533

Kimbark, S. D. & Co.'s Building 313

Facing Pajre.

La Sal le Statue 85

Libby Prison Museum 285

Marshall Field & Co.'s Retail House. . . 272

Masonic Temple 113

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.'s

Works 336

Me Vicker's Theater, Interior 06

Michigan Avenue Block, A 377

Milwaukee A venue State BankB'ld'g. 520
New York Mutual Life Ins. Co., Chi-
cago Office, Interior 4*3

Prairie Avenue, View on 464

Pullman, Administration Building at. 264

Pullman Building 100

Pullman, Boulevard in 4l2

Pullman, Corliss Engine House and

Water Tower at 172

Pullman, Presbyterian Church at 569

Relic House, near Lincoln Park 213

Richardson, M. A . & Co 5.iO

Ritchie, W. C. & Co.'s Building 892

Roseland Suburb, Bird's-eye View of.. 428
Sawyer - Goodman Co.'s Receiving

Docks 249

Scandia Hall 4^7

Siegel Cooper & Co.'s Establishment. . 420

Skandinaven Building 300

Smyth, The John M. Building 349

State Street, Looking North from

Madison 584

St. Joseph's Hospital 341

St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 80

Temple, The lf">

Tribune Building 44

Union National Bank, Interior 108

Union Stock Yards, The Exchange.... 292

Wellington Hotel 93

Wells-Fargo Express Office, Interior. 49
World's Columbian Exposition,

Administration Building 356

World's Columbian Exposition,Bird's-

eye View 17

ADVERTISERS IN THIS BOOK.

(For Buyers' Guide Directory, see Adveitising Pages II, III, IV and V, back of book.)

FRONT OF BOOK.

PAGE

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ii

Chambers, J. B. & Co viii

Culver,B. F. R'l Est ,opplnd Book Div.
Dunning, A. (>i>|>. I n:l. to Maps and III.
Duiming,And'w,R'l Est.In.Opp.Gen Ind

Erie Lines iii

Field, Marshall & Co vi

Herald, The Chicago i

Illinois Central Railroad iv

Northern Assurance Company v

Orcutt Co. The. tith opp. this page.
Prabody, Houghtelling & Co. Inv., f. p.
Rice & whittacre Manufacturing Co. ..viii
Tribune, The Chicago. Ins. front cover

Wisconsin Central Lines, The vi

BACK OF BOOK.

PAGE

American Trust & Savings Bank, The ii

Andrews, A. H. & Co., F. Beds (card) . . iii

Andrews, A H. & Co xxix

' Andrews, Johnson & Co., Venti'ators *

Art Institute. Art Galleries and Schools. . .ii
Artingstall, Samuel G., Civil Engineer. ..iii
Athenaeum, Chi., "The People's College,"
Inside of back cover

Bank of Commerce ii

Bent, George B Inside of back cover

Bogue & Co., Real Estate Agency x

Brentdho'a, Publishers, Booksellers, etc..iy
Carpenter, G. B. & Co., Blocks & Pulleys.. ii
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Ship-Ch'd's etc.iv
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Twines & Cord. . y
Chicago Cost. & Decorating Co., Cost's.. iii

C., M.&St. P. Railway xv

Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co., The il

Christy & Co., Engravers, etc v

Christian Science Pub. Co., Pub iy

Clarke, B. F., Morgan Park Property., .xxi
Colliau, Victor, Hot Blast Cupola, Dct.xx.i
Columbia Rubber Works Co., The It. G...iy

Columbian National Bank ii

Commercial National Bank ii

Continental National Bank ..ii

Dale & t'empill. Chemists & Phar xxii

Dayton, Poole & Brown, Patent 'A tt'ys. . .iy
Dibblee, The Henry Co., Ceramics xxxiii

Diinl'i'i', J. Co., Wood Carpets, etc y

Dunlap, 11. & Co., Hats, Caps and Furs. . .iii
Economist, FiiiHii. and Com. Weekly Rev..i

Edwards, H. J. & Son, Carriages iii

Eggk'Mon, Mallette & Brownell, R. ES..XXVJ
Electric Merch'ise Co., Elec. R. Supplies. .iii

Everingham, L. & Co., Grain Com iji

First National Bank of Chicago ii

Fletcher, D. H., Patent Lawyer iy

Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind. (Map)...xvii

Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind xv 'j!

Fowler's Expert Opticians vii

Garrison M., Wood Turnings v

Giles Bros. & Co . , Jewelers iy

Goodrich Trans. Co., ''Goodrich Line"..vi

Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co vi

Greenebaum Sons, Bankers xxv

HACK OF BOOK. Cont.

PAGE.

G regg Electric Cure Co xxx

Guarantee Co. of North America iii

Gust Knecht Mfg. Co., Barbers' Supplies, .ii

fiutta Pereha Rubber Mfg. Co iv

Hair, J. A. &S.G., Real Est. and Loans..xxx

Hallowell C. H. & Co., Sign Painters iv

Hanson, C. H., Stencil and Stamp Goods. . . v

Harris, N. W. & Co., Bankers ii

Heuer, Aug. & Sons, Upholstery Goods. . . \

Hibernian Banking Association ii

Hills, Edwin E., Mineral Waters iv

Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber Co i i

Jennings Trust Company, The ii

Kirstner & Co., Chus., Arch, and Eng..xxxii
Koiii, Kdson & i o.. Wholesale Milliners. ..x
Kemper, Alfred C.. Steam Pipe Covering, v

Kiniball, Geo. F., Plate Glass iv

Knapp \- Stolkird, Wholesale Furniture. . .v
Kurt/. BCOS.& BuhrerLt Gr.Ir'n Cast \sxxxi

Lyons, .las. I., Art. Limbs ii

Magee Fu rn . Co . Furnaces and Ranges. . . iii

Maxwell. S. A. & Co., Wall Paper v

Merrick Thread Co. Spool Cotton Mfrs .v
Mil.Ave.State Bk.& Safe Dcp't Vaults xxiv
Moore, E. IJ. &('.>., Wood ( 'arpets, etc . . . . v

Murray & Co., Tents, Awnings, etc v

Murray & Co., Signs of all Descriptions . .iv

Murray & Co., Awnings, Tents, etc ii

Mutual Life lng.Co.of N.Y.,Ill.Gen. Agcy.ix

N.-W. Line, The C. & N.-W. Ry.Co xiv

Peabody, Houghtelling & Co., Inv. (card)iii

Peacock, C. D., Jeweler iii

Peacock, E. P., Metal Articles . iv

Phenix Lumber Co., Milwaukee, Wis..xxx
Pjoneer Buggy Co., Columbus, O xx vii
Plankinton House, Mil., A. L. Chase, M.xix

Post, The Chicago Evening xii

Pratt & Ely, Real Estate Agents j i

Relic House, The Rtlics of the G. F. . . xx xi
Rice & Whitacre Mfg. Co., Boilers (card) . ji
l(ire\- Whittacre Mfg. Co., Engines (card). iii

Ritchie, W. C. & Co , Paper Boxes viii

Sawyer, Goodman Co., Lumber Mfg xiii

Sharp & SThith, Surgical Instruments ...v
Shurly Co., The Watchmakers & Jewelers, v

Smit i Granite Co., The Monuments iy

Standard Guide to Chicago, The xxviii

Stevens & Co., Old Coins \- Post. Stamps., .iy

Sweet, Wallach & Co., Photo. Goods vii

Street R. R.& Co., Dyestuffs iii

Tate, C. L., Artificial Limbs ii

Tliavcr& Jackson, Stationery Co v

Tiffany Press Co., Pressed Br : ck iv

Trine, Dr. J. G., Movement Cure Inst ...iy
Union Electric Works, Electric App iii

Union National Bank ...... xxiii

Union National Back of Chicago, (card)...ii
Watson, George E., & Co., Artists' Sup ii

Watson, Little & Co., Coal iii

Wolf& IVriolat Fur Co., Furriers ...... iii

Wood Bros., Com. Mer. U S. Yards xxi
Wyckoff, sw-jmans & Benedict x vi

Peabody, Houghteling & Co.

No. 59 DEARBORN STREET,

CHICAGO.

Loans *P Investments on Real Estate Security exclusively.

INVESTMENTS.

CHICAGO CITY MORTGAGES FOR SALE.

For the convenience of investors we carry from $200,000 to $500,000 of choice
mortgages at all times. These loans are made by us after careful investigation
of the titles, the value of the securities offered and responsibility of borrowers.
In transacting a business of over $70,000,000, no title approved by us has evei
been successfully attacked.

IN ANY AMOUNT.

These loans vary in amount from $500 to $50,000, and bear from 5 per cent,
to 7 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at our office or at such place as investor
may elect. The standard rate on ordinary amounts, say $3,000 to $10,000, being
6 per cent.; smaller loans, G% per cent, and 7 per cent.; large loans, on excep-
tionally strong security, 5 per cent, and 5J^ per cent.

AT PAR AND ACCRUED INTEREST.

These securities are 'ready for delivery, and are on sale at par and accrued
interest. No commission is charged the buyer, the income named being net.

INVESTORS' INTERESTS CARED FOR WITHOUT CHARGE.

We collect all interest and remit to any part of the country free of charge.
We see that all insurance policies pledged as collateral security are renewed at
expiration, and that the investor is protected in case of failure on the part of the
borrower to pay taxes. In other words, we act as financial agents for the investor
without charge. Parties buying mortgages securing building loans, where the
buildings are not fully completed, are guaranteed completion free of mechanic's
liens.

PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST PAYABLE IN GOLD.

Real Estate Investments

Sviite 23,

92 La ,Salle Street

CHICAOO.

IF you desire acre property in Chicago and vicinity for
SUB-DIVISIONS, MANUFACTURING SITES OR INVESTMENT
purposes, where prices have not been "boomed," where
the land lies from 25 to 100 feet above the lake, and pos-
sesses natural beauties unequaled elsewhere around
Chicago, and where improvements n<3t already made are
being pushed in every direction, send for list of acres in
NORTHWEST sections, controlled EXCLUSIVELY by me.

If you prefer improved property paying fixed income
on gold basis for long term of years, write me for informa-
tion.

Correspondence Solicited. No Trouble to Answer Letters.

GENERAL INDEX.

AMUSEMENTS.

Alhambra Theater 116

Auditorium Theater 117
Battle of Gettysburg-
Panorama 120

Casino 123

Central Music Hall 120

Character of Chicago

.Theaters 116

Chicago Opera House. ..121

Chicago Theaters 116

Chiekering Music Hall. .123

Columbia Theater 122

Concert Halls, Circuses,

etc . 128

Criterian Theater 122

Epstean's New Dime Mu-
seum 122

Freiburg's Opera House.122

German Theater 123

Grand Opera House 123
Halsted Street Op. Hse . . 124

Havlin's Theater 124

Haymarket Theater . . .124
H. R. Jacob's Clark Street

Theater 126

H. R. Jacob's Academy. 125

Hooley 's Theater r>5

Kohl & Middleton's Mu-
seums 128

Libby Prison Museum.. 126

Lyceum Theater 126

Madison Street Theater. 126

Me Vicker's Theater 1 27

New Windsor Theater.. 127

Park Theater 127

People's Theater 127

Standard Theater 126

Theater Buildings 116

Theatrical Architecture.116
Timmerman Opera Hse. 127
Waverly Theater 128

ARCHITECTURE.

Character of Buildings .128
Cost of Steel Building . 131

Inspection of Steel 132

Magnificent Buildings. . . 128
Method of Construction. 129

Notable Examples 130

Office Buildings 129

Steel Construction 130

Testing Steel Columns.. 132

ART.

Art Collections 136

Art Institute 133

Art Institute Building. .134

Artists in Chicago 132

Art Museum 133

Art School 136

Art School,Admission to 137

ART Continued.

Art School Classes 136

Art School, Terms 137

Permanent Art Bldg ... 133
Popularity of Art Inst. .135

Society of Artists 137

Union League Art Asso-
ciation 138

AUDITORIUM BUILDING.

Cost of Construction 138

Cost with ground 138

Dimensions 138

Directory and Officers. .139

Enclosures 139

Entrances 139

History 139

Investments 140

Lobby 140

Location of 141

Recital Hall 141

The Auditorium 141

Views of and from 141

BANKING INSTITUT'S-NAT

America 148

American Exchange 143

Atlas M43

Chemical 143

Chicago 143

Columbia 144

Commercial 144

Continental 144

Drover's 145

First 145

First of Englewood 146

Fort Dearborn 146

Globe 146

Hide and Leather 146

Home 147

Illinois 148

Lincoln 147

Live Stock 148

Merchants 147

Metropoltian 147

Northwestern 149

Oakland 149

Prairie State 149

Republic 149

Union 160

BANKING INSTITUTIONS
STATE AND PRIVATE.

Adolph Loeb & Bro 150

American Trust and Sa-
vings IfiO

Avenue Savings 150

Bank of Commerce 151

Bank of Montreal 151

Cahn & Strauss 151

Central Trust & Savings . 151
Charles Henrotin 151

BANKING INSTIT'NS-Con.

Chicago Trust & Sav-
ings 151

Corn Exchange 151

Dime Savings 152

E. S. Dreyer & Co 152

Farmers' Trust Co 152

Foreman Bros 152

Globe Savings 152

Greenebaum Sons 152

Guarantee Co. of N. A. .162
Hibernian Bank'g Asso-
ciation 153

Illinois Trust and Sav-
ings 153

Industrial Bank 153

Internationale 154

Meadowcroft Bros 154

Merchants' Loan and

Trust 154

Milwaukee Ave. State. ..164

Northern Trust 155

Peabody, Houghtelling

&Co 155

Peterson & Bay 156

Prairie State Savings 156

Pullman Loan and Sav-
ings 156

Slaughter, A. 0.&Co.:..16a

Schaffner & Co 157

Security Loan and Sav-
ings 157

State, of Chicago 157

Union Trust Company. 157
Western Trust and Sav-
ings 157

CEMETEKIE8.

Anshe Maariv 158

Austro-Hungarian 158

Beth Hamedrash 158

B'nai Abraham 168

B'nai Slalom 158

Calvary 158

Chebra Gemilath 158

Chebra Kadisha 153

Concordia 168

Congregation of N. S .... 158

Forest Home 158

Free Sons of Israel 159

German Lutheran 159

Graceland 159

Hebrew Benevolent If

Moses Montefiore 160

Mount Greenwood 160

Mount Hope 160

Mount Olive 160

Mount Oiivet 160

Oakwoods 160

Ohavey Scholom 160

Rosehill 160

Saint Boniface 161

GENERAL INDEX.

CEMETERIES-Contlnued.

Binai Congregation 161

Waldheim 161

Zion Congregation 161

CHARITIES.

Am. Edu. Aid Asso 166

Armour Mission 167

Asylums and Homes 161

Bureau of Justice 168

Chari table Societies ... 165
Charities, Miscelianeous.165
Chicago, Free Kinder-
garten Association... 171
Chicago Home for Crip-
pled Children 173

Chicago Nursery and

Half Orphan Asylum. 172
Chicago Orphan Asylum. 172

Chicago Policlinic 172

Chicago Belief and Aid

Society. ... ,.. 173

Church Home for Aged

Persons 173

Convalescents' Home. . . 173
Daily News Fresh Air

Fund 169

Danish Lutheran's Or-
phans' Home 174

Day Nurs's & Creches 163

Erring Woman's Ref'ge.174

Foundlings' Home 175

Free Dispensaries 163

Free Employment Bur-
eaus 163

Free Nurses 163

Ger. Old Peoples Home. 179
Good Samaritan Socie-
ties 179

Guardian Angel Orphan

Asylum 1 79

Hebrew Charity Asso. . .179

Helping Hand, The 179

Holy Family Orphan

Asylum 180

Home for incurables 180

Home for Self-Support-
ing Women 181

Home for the Friendless.! 82

Home for the Jews 18i

Home for Unemployed

(iirls 182

Home for Working

Women 183

Home of Industry 184

Home of Providence 185

Home of the Aged 186

Hospitals, Free & Pay . . 163
House of the Good Shep-
herd 186

Hull House 186

Jewish Charitable Asso. 177
Lake Geneva Fresh Air

Association 177

Margaret Etter Chreche.186
Masonic Orphans'Home.187
Miscellaneous Charities. 165

CHARITIES Continued.

Missions. Charitable 165

Newsboys' & bootblacks'

Home 187

Odd Fellows Orphans'

Home 188

Old Peoples' Home 188

Pioneer Aid & Support

Association IPO

Recognized Charities... 161
School for Deaf & Dumb.lW)
Servite Sisters Industrial

Home for Girls 190

Soldiers' Home Fund. . . .190
St. Joseph's Asylum for

Boys 191

St. Ji seph's Female Or-
phan Asylum 191

St. Joseph's Home 191

St. Joseph's Providence

Orphan Asylum 192

St. Paul's Home for

Newsboys 193

Training Schools for

Nurses 163

IJhlich Evangelical Or-
phan Asylum 193

Waifs' Mission 193

Waifs' Mission, Training

School 194

Young Ladies' Charity

Circle 194

Young Men's Hebrew

Charity Association.. 194

CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS:

Bible Institute 195

Central W. C. T. U. of

Chicago 195

Chicago Bible Society. . .196
Christian Endeavor Soc.196
National W. C. T. U.

Headquarters 197

Young Men's Christian

Association 197

Young Men's Christian

Asso. (Scandinavian) ..199
Young Woman's Christ-
ian Association 199

CHURCHES.

Baptist Churches 202

Baptist Missions 203

Christian Churches. . . . . .201

Churches in ante fire

days 200

Churches, Miscellane-
ous 209

Congrfgational Chs 201

Episcopal (Reformed) ...'.04
Episcopa 1 (Reformed

Missionary) 20"

Episcopal Churches .2U5
Episcopal Missions and

Chapels 205

Evangelical Asso. of N.
A. (German) 203

CHUHCHES-ContlnnwI.
Evangelical Lut h e r a n

(English Churches) ... 203
Evan. Lutheran (Dan )..203
Evan. Lutheran (Ger.). .203
Evan. Lutheran (Norw.)204
Evan. Lutheran (Sepa-
ratists 204

Evan. Lutheran (Swed.).204
Evangelical (United) . . 204
Evan. Lutheran R e-

f ormed 204

Free Methodist Chs .... 205
Independent Churches. .205

Jewish Synagogues SOS

Location of leading Chs. 200
Methodist Episcopal

Churches 206

Methodis t Episcopal

(African) 208

Methodist Episcopal

(Bohemian) 206

Methodist Episcopal

(German) 206

Methodist Episcopal

(Norwegian) 207

Methodist Episcopal

(Swedish) 207

Popular Ministers and

Preachers 201

Presbyterian Churches .207
Presbyter! an Church

(United) 208

Presbyterian Missions.. 207
Roman Catholic Chs.. . . 208
Swedenb orgian(New

Jerusalem) 209

Unitarian Churches 209
Universalist Churches.. 209

CITY GOVERNMENT.

Aldermen, Salaries 66

CityCrk's Office, Salaries' 64
City Collector, Salary... 66
City Collector's Office.

Salaries 64

City Fire Dept. (See Fire

Dept.) 48

City Hall Minor Em-
ployes, Salaries 64

Com.of Pub.Wks., Salary 66

Compt., Salary 6*5

Corp. Coun., Salary 66

Cost of City Gov. 1891 .. 53
Disbursem't of City, 1891 53

Eleemosynary Inst 47

Erring Woman's Refuge

for Reform 47

Feed Officers, Salaries... 64

Fire Dept. .Salaries 64

Firemen's Pension Fund 47
General Information,
(see "Municipal Infor-
mation") 49

Gen. Sup. of Pol., Salary 66
Health Dept., Salaries . . 65
House of Good Shepherd 47

GENERAL INDEX

111

CITY GOYERNMENT-Cont'd.

111. Humane Society 47
Institutions, Partly Sup-
ported by City 47

Law Dept., Salaries 65

Map Dept, Salaries. 65

Mnyor, Salary 6

Mayor's Assts., Salaries. 66
Police Court, Salaries. . . 65
Police Dept., Salaries .. 65
Pub.W'ks Deit.,Sal'ries 66
Police Pension Fund 47

Pros. Atty, Salary 66

Revenue of City 1891 .... 53
Salaries of City Officers. 4
Sew. Dept. Salaries. ... 66
Spec. Ass. Dept. Salaries 60
Street Dept.. Salaries -..66
Supt.of City Tel.,Sala r y 60
Supt. of St. Dept., Salary 66
Tenement House and
Factory Inspection . . . 54

Treasurer's Salary 6S

Tel. Dept. Salaries 66

Washingtonian Home . . 47

CIT BAILWAY SERVICE.

Cable Lines, Manage-
ment of 210

Calumet Electriu Road. .216

Carette Lines 217

Character of Service 2 10
Chicago City Ry. Co. . .212
Chi. City Ry. Co., Busi-
ness of 1891 212

Chi. City Ry.Co.Offlcers.212
Cicero& Proviso t-t RdCo 217
Equitable Trans. Co. . . 218

Increase in Traffic 211

Lake St. Elevated Rd...218
Mil. A v. Elevated Rd ..219

New Electric Road 219

N. Chicago St. Ry. Co. . .213
N. Chi. St. Rd.Co. Finan-
cial Condition of. 213

N. Chi. St Rd Co.,Officers 213
Pay of Cable Employes .211
Randolph St.Elevat'dRd 219

So. End Electric Ry 219

So. Side Alley ' L" Hd. . .219

Steam Rd Service 211

Wab. Av. Sub-Ky Tr Co.220
W. Chicago St. Kd. Co.. 214
W. Chicago St Rd. Co..

Business of 1891. . 214

W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Madi-

soii St. Line 214

W. Chi. St. Rd Co., Mil .

Av. Line 215

W.Chi. St.RdCo.,Miscel210
W.Chi. St. Rd.Co., New

Cars and Extensions. . .215
W. Chi. St. Rd. Co. , New

Tun'l and Cable Serv..215
W.Chi.St.Rd.Co.,Officers210
W. Chi. St. Rd. Co., the
Tunnel Loop 215

CLIMATE.

Average Rainfall in

Chicago 39

Excessive Rainfalls 40

Extremes of Heat and

Cold 39

Highest Mean Tempera-
ture 39

Lowest Mean Tempera-
ture ... 39

Maximum Rainfall 39

Mean Annual Humidity, 39
Mean Annual Precipita-
tion 39

Mean Annual Tempera-
ture 39

Mean Temperature 1891, 39
U. S. Signal Office Re-
ports 39

CLUBS ATHLETIC, SPOUT-
ING, ETC.

Athletic Club Houses . .220

Base Ball Clubs 2H

Boat & Yacht Clubs . . . .221
Chicago Athletic Asso . . .222
Chicago Curling Club. 223
Chicago Fencing & Box-
ing Club 224

Cricket Clubs 224

Cycling Clubs 224

Hand Ball Courts .V 225

Horse Associations 226
Hunting, Fishing & Gun

Clubs 221

Indoor Base Ball Clubs.. 227

Tennis Clubs ...228

Union Athletic Club . . 228
Western Asso. of Base
Ball Clubs 228

CLUBS-GENTLEMEN'S AND
SOCIAL.

Acacia Club 228

Areolus Club 228

Apollo Club 228

ArgoClub 228

Ashland Club 229

Bankers' Club 229

Bi-Chlorideof Gold Club

of Chicago 229

Bi-Chloride of Gold Club

ofDwight 229

Bi-Chloride of Gold Club

of the World 230

Bon Ami Club of Wil-

mette 230

Calumet Club 230

CarletonClub 231

Chicago Club 231

Chicago Electric Club.. 231
Chicago Women's Club. 231

Church Club 232

Clarendon Club 233

Commercial Club 233

CLUBS Continued.

Conference Club of

Evanston 233

Congregational Club. . . 2J3
Cosmopolitan Club of

Evanston 233

Dearborn Club... 2*1

Dinner Clubs 233

Douglas Club 233

Douglas Park Club 234

Elks Club 234

Evanston Club. . 234

Evanston Country Club.234

Fellowship Club 235

Foreign Book Club 235

FortyCiub 23 1 )

Fortnightly Club 235

Germania Club 236

German Press Club ... 236
Girls' Mutual Benefit

Club 236

Grant Club 236

Hamilton Club 237

Harvard Club 2.>7

Harvard University Clb.237

Hyde Park Club 237

Ideal Club 238

Idlewild Clb of Evanston238

Illinois Club 238

IndianaClub 238

Irish-American Club 239

IroquisClub 239

Irving Club 239

Ivanhoe Club of South

Evanston 239

-John A. Logan Club. . .239

Kenwood Club 239

Lafayette Club 240

LaGrange Club 240

Lakeside Club 240

La SalleClub 240

Lincoln Club 240

Lotus Club 210

Marquotte Club 241

Minneola Club 241

MinnetteClub. 241

Nationalists' Club 241

Newsboys' Club 241

North Shore Club 241

Oakland Club 241

Oaks of Austin 24>

Park Club 242

Phoenix Club 242

Practitioners' Club 242

Press Club of Chicago.. 242

Ryder Club 243

Seven O'clock Club 243

Sheridan Club 243

Single Tax Club 244

South Side Medical Club.244
Southern So. of Chieairo244

Standard Club 244

Stenographers' Club 24)

Sunset Club 245

Union Club 245

Union League Club 246
University Club 246

GENERAL INDEX.

CLUBS Continued.

Union Veteran Club 246
Wah Nah Ton Club 247

COMMEBCE OF CHICAGO.

Bank Business, Compar-
ative . 30

Washington Park Club. 247
WebsterClub 247

Bank Clearances, Com-
parative 30

Whttechapel Club 247
Woman's Sufferage Club248

Bank Clearances, 1886 to
1891 30

Woman's Club of Evan-
ston 248

Bank Clearances for 1891 30

Woodlawn Park Club . . .248

Banks, Clearing in Chi-
cago 30

CLUBS LITEBAUY.

Barley, Receipts and
Shipments of 32

Browning Clubs .. . 249

Business of Chicago 1891 40

Chicago Library Club. . .249
Chicago Literary Club. .249
Cl'b Litterairie Francais.250

go from ia50 to 1891. . . 40
Board of Trade Busi-
ness 1891. . . 32

111. Women's Press Ass'n.250
Longfellow Club 251

Board of Trade Corn-

Palette Club 251

changes 31

Papyrus Club 251
Press League Club 251
Saracen Club 252

Board of Trade Ethics .31
Board of Trade Specula-
tion 1891 39

Spanish Amer'can Club. 252
Tuesday Heading Club. .252

Board of Trade Trans-
actions 31

Twentieth Century Cl'b. 253
Women's Reading Circle

Boot and Shoe Trade
1891 55

of South Evanston 253
CLUBS STATE SOCIAL OB-

Calves, Receipts of 1891. 35
Calves, Shipments for
1891 36

(JAM/ATIONS.

Capacity of Grain Ele-
vators 34

California Pioneers . . . .253
North Pacific Assoc 25,4
Ohio Society of Chicago. 25*4
Sons of Chicago 265

Capital of Chicago Bnks ;i|
Cattle, Receipts of 1891 . . 35
Cattle, Shipinentsof
1891 36

Sons of Connecticut 255

ClothingTrade 1891 55

Sons of Delaware 255

Condition of State and

Sons of Indiana 255

National Banks 31

Sons of Louisiana 255

Corn Exports to Canada 33

Sons of Maine 255
Sons of Massachusetts 256

Corn, Receipts and Ship-
ments .. 33

Sons of Michigan 256

Crockery and Glass-

Sons of New York ;'">(>

ware Trade 1891 . . 55

Sons of Pennsylvania. . .256
Sons of Rhode Island .257

Deposits of Chicago
Banks 31

Sons of Vermont 258
States Columbian Asso-

Drug and Chemical
Trade 55

ciation 258

Dry Goods and Carpet

Trade 1891 55

COMMEBCIAL EXCHANGES.

Export Trade of Chicago
1891 56

Board of Trade 259

Exports of Wheat and

Board of Trade Bldg . . 259

Flour 32

Board of Trade Corn's. .259
Board of Trade, Finan-

Flour, Receipts and
Shipments of 33

cial Condition of 260
Board of Trade Ofticers..2&9

General Trade of Chica-
go 1891 55

Builders' & Traders' Ex-
change 260

Grain and Produce, Re-

Chicago Amer. Horse

1890-91 .. ..35

Exchange 260

Chicago Real Estate Bd 260
Chicago Stock Ex 261

Grain Elevators, Own-
ers of 34

Exchanges, Miscel 263
Fruit Buyers' Ass'n 261

Grain Exports to Canada 33
G rain, Inspected in 34

COMMEBCE-Contlnaed.

Grain Inspection 34

G rain Inspected Out 34
Grain Storage Capacity. 34

G rocery Trade 1891 55

Hat and Cap Trade 1891. 55
Hogs and Cattle Slaugh-
tered in 1890 35

Hogs and Cattle Slaugh-
tered in 1891 35

Hogs, Receipts of 18.)!.. ;<.">
Horses, Receipts of Ib91 85
Hogs, Shipments of 1891. 36
Horses, Shi pmentsof

1891 36

Import Trade 1891 50

Internal Reven u e R e-

ceipts at Chicago 41

Iron and Steel Trade ... 57
Jobbing and Wholesale

Business 55

Jobbing Business 55

Live Stock Receipts for

1890 .36

Live Stock Receipts 1891 35
Live f-tockShipments for

1S91 36

Live Stock Shipments of

1890 36

Live Stock Transactions

1891 &5

Lumber Trade 1891 55

Lumber Trade of Chgo.. 41
Manufa cturedlron

Trade 1891 55

Manufacturers of Chgo
<.M '<> "Mnfrsof Chicago) 57

Millinery Trade 1891 55

National Banks, C o n-

ditionof 31

National Banks,Deposits 31
Oats, Exports to Canada 33
Output of Chicago

Brewers 41

Produce, Receipts and

Shipments, 1890-91. .. 37
Provision Storage Ware

Houses 38

Railroad Live Stock

Transactions 1891 37

Rye Exports to Canada. 33
Rye, Receipts and Ship-
ments 38

Savings Banks, Deposits 31
Sheep, Receipts of 1891 .. 35
Sheep, Shipments of 1891 36
Speculation on Board of

Trade 39

Speculative B u s i n ess,

Board of Trade 39

State Banks, Deposits. . . 81
Storage Warehouses for

Provisions 38

Surplus of Chgo. Banks. 31
Union Stock Yds. busi-
ness of 1891 35

Undivided Profltsof
Chicago Banks.-.- ... 31

GENERAL INDEX.

COHMERCE-Contlnued.

Volume of Business,
Board of Trade 32

Volume of Chicago's
Business 1891 40

Volume of Chicago's
Business ia50 40

Warehouses for Grain . . 34

Wheat and Flour Ex-
ports 32

Wheat Exports to
Canada 33

Wholesale Business 55

COUNTY GOVERNMENT.

Appropriations for 1892. 45
Board of Commissioners. 41
Clerk of Criminal Court,

Expenses of ... .46

Comptroller's Office,

Expenses of

Cook County Jail 43

Coroner's Inquests 42

Cost of County Officers. . 44
County Agent's Office,

Expenses of 46

County Appropriations

1892 45

County Attorney, Ex-
penses of 46

County Board 42

County Board Salaries.. 46
County Commissioners,

when elected 41

County Hospital, Expen-
ses of 45

County Hospital Salaries 45
County Insane Asylum. 43
County Insane Asylum,

Expenses of 43

County Insane Asylum,

Location of 43

County Institutions at

Dunning, Expenses of 46
County Jail, Situation of 43
County Physician, Ex-
penses of 46

County Poor Farm... . 44
County Poor House,

Location of . 44

County Supt of Schools,

Expenses of 46

County Tax Levy, 1892. . 45
Dentetion Hosp.ital,

Expenses of 46

Detention Hospital for

the Insane 44

Expenses of Cook Co... 44
Expenses of Cook Co. in-

Detail 1893 45

Hospital, Detention for

Insane 44

Insane Asylum, Expen-

sesof 46

Insane Asylum of Cook

County 43

Jail, County, Location of 43

COUNTY GOY'T Continued.

Jail, Interior of 43

Jail, Murderer's Row 44
Jail, The Anarchist Cells 43

Jail, Visitors to 43

Judiciary of Cook Co... 46
Normal School Salary

List 40

Poor House, Expenses of 46
Poor House of Cook Co. 44
Power of Commissioners 41
Prosecuting Attorney,

Expenses of 46

Receipts from Co. Offi-
cers 1892, Estimated. . . 45
. Revenue of Cook Co 44
Salaries of Commission-
ers 41

Salaries of County Em-
ployees 45

Sheriff's Office, Expen-
ses of 46

State's Attorney, Expen-
ses of 46

Supt. of Public Service,

Expenses of. 46

Supplies of Co. Institu-
tions, Cost of 45

Taxable Valuation of
Cook Co. Property... 46

DETECTIVE AGENCIES.

Bonfield Detect. Ag'y.. .263
Bruce Detective Ag'y.. 263
Hartman Detect. A'y.2ti3
Mooney & Boland De-
tective Agency 263

Pinkertqn's National

Detective Agency . .263
Pinkerton's Protective

Patrol ,.264

Thiel's Detect. Service.. 264

Union Detect. Assoc 264

Veteran's Police Patrol. 2C4

EDUCATIONAL INSTITU-
TIONS.

Allen's Academy 264

Amer. Brewing Acad ..295
Armour Mission Train-
ing school 295

Baptist Missionary

Training School 295

Chicago Athaneum 2G5

Chicago Kitchen Garden

Assoc 266

Chicago Manual Training

School 268

Chicago Theo logical

Seminary 269

De La Salle Institute. . .272

Free Kindergartens 404

Glenwood Training Sch.

for Boys 298

Hyde Park Auxiliary.. 300
Hyde Park Conserva-
tory 272

EDUCATIONAL INST. Con'd.

111. Military Academy.. 272
Industrial Sch . for Girls 300
111. Sch. of Agriculture. 298
111. Training School tor

Nurses 296

Jewish Training School. 297

Josephinum, The 272

Kenwood Institute 27 J

Kenwood Physical Ob-
servatory 409

Lake Forest University 273

Lewis Institute 271

McCormick Theological

Seminary 274

Morgan Park Female

Seminary 277

Morgan Park Theologi-
cal Seminary 277

Northwestern Oratorical

League 277

North west'n University .278
St. Ignatius College..' :>7
3 t. Xavier's Academy 288
University of Chicago.. 289

University School 292

Western Theological

Seminary 293

Medical Educational In-
stitutions 294

National Homeopathic

College . ... 294

Reformatory Train i n g

School ?298

St. Mary's Training Sch .

for Boys 2!>9

Training Schools 295

EXPRESS COMPANIES.

Adams Express 301

American Express 301

Baltimore & Ohio Ex-
press 301

Brink's City Express. ...301
Location of Express

Offices 301

Northern Pacific Ex-
press 301

Pacific Express 301

United States Express.. 301
Wells, Fargo & Co.'s
Express 300

FEDERAL REPRESENTAT'N.

U. S. Circuit Judge 47

U. S. Commissioners 47

U. S. Courts in Chicago. . 47

U. S. District Judge 47

U. S. Government Offi-
cers in Chicago 47

U.S. Marshall 47

U.S. Minor Officers 47

U. S. Sub-Treasurer 47

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Area covered by Depart-
ment 48

GENERAL INDEX.

HUE DEP'T Continued.

City Telegraph and

Electric Lights 48

Efficiency of 48

Equipment and force.. 48

Fire Alarms 1891 48

Fire Losses 1891 48

Headquarters and Or-
ganization 48

Insurance Patrol 49

Location of Stations 49
Marshalis Benner &

Swenie 48

Officers of Department. 48

Pension Fund 49

Standard of Discipline.. 48

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Abstracts of Titles 394

Academies (see "Educa-
tional Institutions"). . .264
Anarchist Monument. ..396

Anarchy in Chicago 396

Annexation 49

Annual FatStock Shows396
Amusem'ts (see "Amuse-
ments") 116

Architecture (see "Ar-
chitecture") 128

Area of Chicago 50

Area of Territory An-
nexed 50

Art in Chicago (see

"Art") 132

Ashland Block 396

Asylums and Homes (se3

"Charities") 161

Auditorium (see "Audi-
torium Building") ...138
Auditorium Tower (see

"Auditorium Bldg.")..397
Banks (see " Banking

Institutions") 142

Boards of Trade (see
"Com. Exchanges") . . .259

Bridewell 51

Bridges and Viaducts... 51
B'ld'g. Operations, since

1876 105

Buildings, 1891 L3

Cable Lines' (see " City

Railway Service ").... 210
Calumet Lake, Area .... 52

Calumet River 52

Causes of Death 52

Cemeteries (see "Ceme-
teries ") 157

Center of Chicago, Geo-
graphical 51

Charitable Missions (see

"Charities") 165

Charitable Societies (see

"Charities") 165

Charities 161

Chicago as a R . R. Center478
Chicago Epitomized ... .397

GEN'L INFORHATION-t'on.

Chicago River 5'J

Christian Organizations 195
Churches (see Churches). 200
City Frontage on Lake

Michigan 52

City Parks 78

City Railways (see City

Railway Service) 210

Clubs, Athletic, Sport'g.22U
Clubs, Gentlemen's and

Social 2JS

Clubs, Literary 248

Clubs, State Social Or-
ganization 253

Colleges (see " Educa-
tional Institutions) . . 264
Commercial Exchanges
(see " Commercial Ex-
changes") 259

Consulates 397

Columbus Building 397

Cook County Hospital
(see "Hospitals and

Dispensaries ") 342

Cook Comity Treasury

Statement 398

Coroner's Inquests 1891 . 42
Coroner's Inquests, An-
alysis of 42

Crib, The 398

Daily Papers (see

"Newspapers ") 417

Daniel O'Connel Statue. 398
Day Nurseries and
Chreches (see "Chari-
ties) 163

Death Rate 52

Detective Agencies ( ee
" Detective A g e n-

cies ") 263

Diseases Prevalent 52

Dispensaries (see " Hos-
pitals and dispensa-
ries") 339

Distance of Chicago
from other principal

cities 399

Drainnge Canal (see
"Ship and Drainage

Canal") 107-112

Drake Fountain 404

Education (see Public

Education") DO

Educational Institutions
see " Educational In-
stitutions") 264

Elevated Railways (*ee

"City R'y Service") . .210
Environs of Chicago (see

"Outlying Chicago") .439
Estimated Cost of City

Gov't for 1892 399

Exchanges, Commercial
(see "Commercial Ex-
changes 259

Express Companies 300

GEN'L INFORMATION-COB.

Factory Inspection 54

Farragut Monument 402

Fire of 1871 399

Fire of 1874 4(1

Fire Relics 401

Foreign Coin, Value of

in U. S. Money 403

Fort Dearborn 403

Free Dispensaries ( see

"Charities") 163

Free Employment Bu-
reaus (see "Charities")163
Free Hospitals (see

"Charities") 163

Free Kindergartens 404

Frt e Nurses (see "Chari-
ties") 163

Frontage of City on Riv-
ers 52

Geographical Centre of

Chicago 51

Goose Island 4t)4

Grain Elevators (see

"Great Industries". .305
Grant Locomot-ive Wks.

(see "Great Ind'st's") .306
Grant Statue, Galena . . .402
Grant Statue, Lincoln

Park 405

Great Clocks of the City. 405
Great Buildings of 1891 .106
Great Buildings of Chi-
cago (see Part V) 561

Great Industries of Chi-
cago (see Great Ind's).302
Growth of Chicago in

square miles 50

Guide to all Parts of (*ee

Part V) 561

Hack and Cab Rates (see

Part V) r6l

Hay market Massacre . . .408

Haymarket Square 406

Health of City 61

Hell Gate Crossing .... 407

Hiisch Monument 407

Horse Car Lines (see City

Railway Service) . . 210
Hospitals (see "H ospitals

and Dispensaries") . . . 339
Hotels (see "Hotels")... 352
House of Correction . 51

Hyde Lake, Area 52

Illinois Internal Reve-
nue Payments . . 407
Illinois Steel Co (see

Great Industries") 3(8
Indebtedn's of Chicago. 408
Inebriate Asylums ... 361
Interstate Exposition. ..408

J. V. Farwell Co 40fe

Keeley Institute o63

Kenwood Physical Ob-
servatory 409

Kosciusko Monument.. 409
Labor Temple 409

GENERAL INDEX.

Vll

GEN'L INFORMATION-Con.

Lake and Hivcr FrontVe "i2
Lakes and Rivers in

Chicago 52

Lake Transportation ..53
heading Societies (see

"Societies") 513

Lemont Stone Quarries
(see "Great Industries")314
Length and Width of city 52

Libraries 380

Life Saving Stations. ...383

Light Houses 3X3

I ,ogan Statue 4C'J

Longest Street in City.. 52

Market Squares 410

Marriage Licenses, 1891 . 52
Marriage Licenses,Anal-

ysis of 52

Mayors of Chicago 410

Meat Markets 410

McCorraick Harv. Mach.
Co. (see Great Indus.) . .315

Michigan Avenue 410

Mileage of Streets 5:5

Military (see "Military"):**
Military Companies (see

"Military" 384

Milk Supply of Chicago. 41 1

Monuments 411

Morgue 53

Nat'n'l Hanks (see Bank-
ing Institutions) 142

Nationalities Represent-
ed in Chicago 8?

Natural Gas Supply. . ..5!
New Patrol Wagon and

Ambulance 412

Newspapers 417

New Water Tunnels 412

Ogden Statue 412

.tlying Chicago (see

" Outlying Chicago ") .439
Police Department (see

1 "Police Department") 79
Population Statistics (see

Population Statistics) 82
Post Office (see "Post-

Office") s.-

P< > verty in Chicago 53

Private Banks (se r > Bank

Ins. State and Private"160
Public Library (see Pub-
lic Library") 99

Public Parks ..... 67-78
Public School (see "Pub-
lic Education 90

Pullman see"Pullman")318
Pullman Palace Car Co.

see Great Industries).. 327
Railroads (see Railroads

and where they lead to) 478
Railroads centering in

Chicago 478

Railroad Entrances 51

Railway Passenger De-
pots 478-513

GEX'fc INFORMATION-Con.

Real Estate (see "Real

Estate and Building"). 103
Recognized Charities ...161

Revenge Circular 412

Riot of '77 412

Rookery 413

Sanitary Condition of

City 51

Schools (see "Public Ed-
ucation") ... 90

S hakespeare Statue,

Lincoln Park 413

Sheridan Road 413

Sheridan Statue 414

Ship Building(see "Great

Industries ') 328

Sights of Chicago (see

fart V) 561

Societies (see "Socities")513
State Bantes (see "Bank-
ing Institutions, State

and Private" ) 150

State Central Com 414

State Institutions (see

"State Institutions") .526
State Militia (see "Mili-
tary") 384

Strangers' G uide (see

Part V) rei

Street Car Linos (see

"City Railw'yService")210
Stock Yards (see "Union

Stock Yard"), 329

Suburbs Annexed 49

Suburbs of Chicago (sre

"Outlying Chicago").. 439
Subterranean Theater.. 415
Surrounding Cities and

Towns.. r 28

Telegraph Service 415

Telephones . . . .' 415

Tenement House Inpec-

tion 54

Territory Annexed 49

Thirty-one Daily Trips

(Sec Part V) 561

Thomas Orchestra 416

Topography of Chicago. 54
Towns around Chicago. 533
Tributary Cities and
Towns (see" Tributary

Cities and Towns") 528

Union Stock Yards (See
"Great Industries").. 329

Uniting City and Co 55

Universities (see " Edu-
cational Ins.") 2114

University of Illinois. . . .416
Urban Transit (see "City

Rv. Service" 210

U. S. Appraisers' Bldg. 416

Viaducts 51

Vital Statistics 51

Von Linne Statue 410

Ward Area of Chicago.. 50
Water Transportation. 533

GES'L IHFORMATION-Con.

Water Supply (see Water
Works) 55

Waterworks (see
" Water Works") . .112-115

Weekly Newspaper (see
" NeVspapers ") 431

William Prince of Orange
Statue 416

Wolf Lake, Area 53

World's Columbian Ex-
position (see Part I V . . 537

World's Fair (see Part
IV) 537

Terkes' Fountain 417

GREAT BUILDINGS OF CHI-
CAGO.

Adams Express Bldg... 581

Ashland Block 396

Auditorium 138

Board of Trade Bldg . . 2oli

Bordon Block 582

Bro. Jonathan Bldg 576

Bryan Block 572

Buildings of 1891 106

Calumet Bldg 574

CaxtonBldg 580

Central Music Hall 585

Chamber of Com. Bldg. .570

Chemical Bk. Bldg 582

City Hal 52

Columbus Bldg 397

Commerce IHdg 5V6

Counselman Bldg 5'.6

Cook Co. Abstract Bid. .597

County Hospital 616

Court House 562

Dearborn Station 581

Donohue & Henneberry

Building 581

Evening Journal B'ld'g.581
Evening Post Building.. 598

Fair, The 594

First National Rk. Bldg .581
German Theatre Bldg. .597
Grand Central Depot . .511
Great Northern Hotel 580
Haymarket Building. .614
Home Insurance Bldg. .574

Ins. Exchange Bldg '75

Inter Ocean Building. .582
John M. Smyth Bldg.. 613

Kent Building 572

Kimball Hall 601

Lafayette Building 569

Leiter Building 594

Madison Hall 614

Major Block 572

Manhattan Building .. 580
Marshall Field & Co., re-
tail 587

Marshall Field's Whole-
sale Building f89

Marine Building 569

Masonic Temple 583

Mercantile Building 571

Vlll

GENERAL INDEX.

GREAT BUILDI> T GS-Con.

Merchants 1 Building-. ..570
Monadnock and Kear-

sage Building 580

Monon Building 680

Opera House Block. (97

Otis Building 571

Palmer House 594

Pheonix Building 576

Pontiac Building ..580

Portland Block 582

Post Office 581

Kand McNally Build-
ing 575

Reaper Block 59

Republic Life Building.. 57:

Rookery Building . . .576

Royal Ins. Building 576

Security Building 599

StaatsZeitung Building.598
Stock Exchange Build'g.581

Stone Building 614

Tacoma Building 571

Temple Court Building.. 581

Temple, The 573

Times Building 598

Tremont House. 582

Tribune Building. 583

Union Building 570

Union Depot C12

Unity Building 582

I'. S. Appraisers' Build'g416
Wheeler Building 567

GREAT INDUSTRIES.

Calumet Iron & steel Co.3U4
Columbia Steel Car Co. .305

Grain Elevators 305

Grain Elevators, De-

seriptii in of 305

Grain Elevators, capac-
ity of , etc 305

Grant Locomotive Wks.3i6
Grant Locomotive Wks.

Importance of 307

Great Western Locomo-
tive Works.. 307

Illinois Steel Company.. 308
Illinois Steel Co., capi-
tal, etc 308

Ilinois Steel Company,

Joliet Works 312

Illinois Steel Company,

Milwaukee Works 311

Illinois Steel Company,

N. Chicago Works 309
Illinois Steel Company,

Product of 309

Illinois Steel Company,

S.Chicago Works.. .. 310
Illinois Steel Company,

Union works 311

John H. Bass Car Wheel

Works 313

Joseph Klicka 313

Kearns & Orme 313

Kurz Bros. & Buhrer. . .314

GREAT INDUSTRIES Con.

Lake Side Nail Co 314

GUIDE Continued.

Twenty-first Day 609

Lemont Stone Quarries. 314
McCormick Harvesting
Machine Co 315

Twenty-second Day 611
Twenty-third Day 614

McCormick Harvesting

Twenty- fifth Day 616

Machine Co., Inspct.

Twenty-sixth Day 616

McCormick Harvesting

Twenty-seventh Day 617
Twenty eighth Day 618

Machine Co., Secrets
of success 317

Twenty-ninth Day 619

McCormick Harvesting

Tlrirty-tirftt Dai/ 620

Machine Co., The First

Abend Post Office 598

Harvester 317

McCormick Harvesting

Arend's Pharmacy . 598

Machine Co., Wide
Spread Business of .. 317

Arend's Kumy ss 699
Armour & Co . 574

Norton Bros. Works. . . .318
Pullman (See "Pull-

Armour, P. D., Charac-
teristics of 574

Pullman, Industries of. 318
Pullman Palace Car Co. 327

Ashland Avenue' 615
Ashland Block, thsNew.597
Bee Hive 594

Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Business of 327

Berry, the Candy Man . .599

Pullman Palace Car Co.,

Black legs 695

Disbursements 328
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Earnings and profits 328
Pullman Palace Car Co.,
Revenue . 328

Blue Island Avenue 610
Blue Island Ave. Dist. . 610
Boarding House Rates.. 562
Board of Trade District.576

Railroad Trans 304

Richards & Kelly Mfg.
Co 328

Board of Trade Gallery. 576

Seed Market 328

Ship Building Yard. .. 328

Brentano's 602

Source of Iron Ore and
Coal Supply 3C2

Broken Savings Banks . 597

Stock Yds. (See "Union
Stock Yards ") 329

Brother Jonathan Bldg 576

Thompson & Taylor

Bryan Block 573

Spice Company 329

Union Stock Yards (see

Buck & Raynor's 502

"Union Stock Vds")..329

"Bunco Stcerers" 5!'5

Water Transportation.. 3t>3
W W Kimball Co 33<J

Business Lunches 571

\Vlio Reside on . 605

GUIDE, THE

Fir*t Daii . 56

Calumet Building 574
Carriages 561

Second Day 56ti

Carriage District 601

Third Day 56s

Carson, Pii ie, Scott & Co 592

Fourth Day 573

Caxton Building 580

Fifth Day 576

Central Detail Station 564

Sixth Day 577

Central Music Hall 585

Chambers 1 Corner 595

Eighth Day 58

Ninth Day 587

Building . 570

Tenth Day 591

Charles L. Hutchm^on 573

!:/> rcnth Day. 592

Chemical Bank Building 583

Tin Ifth Da ii 594

" Cheyenne " 577

Thirteenth Dmi 595

Fifteenth Day 599

Chicago Oyster House 599

Sirtfciith Day . 6

Cicero Electric Line. .. 614

St-renternth Day 602

City Clerk's Office 565

Eighteenth Day .. 6()4

City Collector's Office f.65

Nineteenth Day 606

C ty Hall 562

Twentieth Day 608

City Ha 11, Trip Through.53

GENERAL INDEX.

GUIDE-Continned.

College Place 607

Commerce Building 576

Comptroller's Office 565

Conlidenee Men 564

Corner Drug Stores 592

Coroner's Office 567

Cost of City Hall 563

Cost of Court House .... 563

Council Chamber 565

Counselman Building. . .576
County Clerk's Office. ...567
County Hospital and Sur-
roundings 616

CountyKecorder's Office5G7
County Treasurer's Of-
fice 568

Coupes 561

Xourt House 562

Courts and Court

Rooms 568

Curry's News Stand 599
CycloramaBuildinys . .601

Daily News Office 598

Dale and Sempill's 596

Dale & Sempill's Popu-
larity 596

Dearborn Avenue 618

Dearborn Station 581

Detective Offices 563

Donohue & Henneberry 581

Drexel Boulevard 608

Evening Journal Build-
ing 581

Evening Post Building.. 598

Fair, The 59t

Farwell Hall 599

Fashionable Retail Cen-
ter 593

" Fences " for Thieves. .578
Fidelity Bank Building. 597
Fire Alarm Officers. .. 564
First National Bank

Building 581

Fish, Joseph & Co 593

FiskD. B. &Co 603

Franklin McVeagh &

Co 603

Freie Presse Office 598

French Consul 569

French, Potter & Wil-
son 603

Gamblers and Sports... 595

Gambling District 595

German Theater Build-
ing . ;.. .579

Globe Office 598

Grand Boulevard 607

Grand Pacific Hotel 576

Grant Locomotive Wks.615
G reat Northern Hotel . . 580

Groveland Square 609

Hack and Cab Rates.... 561

Hansom Cabs 561

Hay market Building . . . 614
Headquarters Colum-
bian Exposition 575

GUIDE Continued.

Health Department 563

Heath & Milligan 598

Herald Building LOS

Home Insurance Build-
ing 574

Hotel Rates 563

Hotels and Boarding

Houses 563

Insurance Exchange

Building 675

Inter Ocean Building... 5H3
Iron and Steel Center.. .616

Jackson Hall 569

James H. Walker's & Co.6i>2
J tunes Wilde Jr. & Co. .593
J. B . Chambers & Co . . 597
Jesse Spaldiug's Office . . 569

Jesuit Church 610

JolmM.Smyth Bldg.. .613

Keith & Co 603

Kent Building 573

Kern's 571

Kimball Hall 601

Kohlsaat's 571

Lafayette Building 569

Lake Shore Drive 619

Lake View 619

LaSalle Avenue 619

LaSalleSt 568

Lake Street . r .?:i

Leader, The 594

Leading Houses and In-
dustries (see Spe'l lief) 620

"Levee"The 577

Loeb & Bro 571

Lodging House Misery.. 579

Lodging Houses 579

Lower Strata of Society. 579

Lumber District 616

Madison Hall 613

Madison Street Bridge... 611
Madison & Clark Sts . . . . f 95

Major Block 573

Mandel Bros 593

Manhatten Building &0

Manufacturing Center. .617

Marine Building F69

Marshall Field's Business

Methods 590

Marshall Field, Career

of 587

Marshall Field,in private

life 591

Marshall Field & Co 5b7

Marshall Field & Co's.

barn 578

Marshall Field & Co's

Bldg., Retail 591

Marshall Field & Co's

Business 589

Masonic Temple 583

Masonic Temple,Propor-

tionsof 583

Maxwell's 603

May Subway 565

Mayor's Offices 304

GUIDE-Continned.

McClurg's Book Store . .602

MeVicker'a 582

Mercantile Building 571

Merchant's Building 570

Merchants' Nat'l Bank 569
Methodist Church Bi'ck.597
Metropolitan fc ational

Bank 571

Michigan Boulevard 607

Milwaukee Avenue 617

Monon Building 580

Monatluock and Kear-

sarge Building 580

National Bank of Amer-
ica 570

North Clark Street 617

Northern Suburbs 619

Northwestern Masonic

Aid Asso 575

Northwestern Suburbs. 620
O'Brien's Art Gallery. . .603
Old Financial Wrecks .",n
Old "Terror" District. 610
Old South Market Sq. . .5.5
Only Bldg saved from
the fire on the South

Side 572

Opera House Block 597

Otis Building 571

Pacific A ve 577

I'almer House 594

Parmalee's Agents . ..561
Pawn Broker's District. 578

Pearson St 619

PhenixBldg 576

Police Headquarters . . . . 565
Police Reporters' Room 564

Pontiac Bldg 580

Portland Block 583

Postoffiee Bldg 581

. Potter Palmer 586

Prairie Avenue 604

Prairie Ave., Appear-

anceof 604

Prairie Ave., People win

reside on 605

Present Slums of Chica-
go 578

Printing House Dis't. . .581
Prominent Residents of

North Side Ayes 617

Prominent Residents of

South Side Avenues. ..604
Prominent Residents of

West Side Avenues . 615
Public School Depa 1 . t-

ment 565

Public Library 565

Public Works Depart-
ment 565

Race Murder, Scene of. .578
Rand-McNally Building.575

Reaper Block 597

Republic Life Building. 573
Retail Dry Goods Stores 593
Rock Island Depot 578

GENERAL IXDEX.

GUIDE -Con tinned. .

Rookery Building 576

Room Rates 563

Root & Sons Music Co... 602
Royal Insurance Build'g576

Rush Street 618

Ryan, P.P. & Co 614

Scarlet Women and De-
praved Men 578

School Property 593

Security Building 599

Seigel, Cooper & Co.'s. . .594

Sheriff's Office 567

Slack's 602

Slums, The Heart of the.579

Smyth, John M ... 613

Smyth Building 613

Smyth, John M., Busi-
ness of 613

Smyth's Town Market . .613
Staats Zeitung Building. 598

Standard Guide Co 681

State Street Compared

with Foreign Streets.. 582
State Street from the

Bridge 582

State Street, Original

Improvement of 586

State Street, Potter
Palmer's Generosity . .586

Stensland, Paul O 617

Stock Exchange Bldg..58l

Stone Building 614

Subscription Book Dist 601
South Clark Street .... 578
South Halsted Street. . . 609

South Water Street 583

Southern Manufact'ng

Suburbs 620

Tacoma Building 571

Temple, the 573

Temple Court Bldg 51

Temperance Temple 573
Thomson's Restaurant.. 581

Times Building 598

Tobey Furniture Co.... 602

Touhy&Co 614

Tremont House 582

Tribune Building 582

Trunk Rates 501

"Uncle Jesse" and "Un-
cle Phil" 509

Union Building 570

Union Depot 612

Union Nat. Bank 574

Union Stock Yards 609

Unity Building 582

University Place 607

Vartiell's 596

Varnish District 601

Vincennes Avenue -.f 0?

Wabash Avenue 601

Wabash A ve., Changes in601
Washington Boulevard. 01 tJ

Water Offices 665

West Madison St., a great
thoroughfare 611

GUIDE-Contlnued.

West Madison St., after

the fire 611

West Madison St., from

the Bridge 611

West Side Park System. 614
West Side Park System,

Drive through 615

West Twelfth Street .. 610
Western Associated

Press Office 570

Western Suburbs 615

Western Union Office. . 570

Wheeler Building 5^6

Wholesale District 6

Would-be-sports 695

Y. M. C. A. Building. . .572
Y. M. C. A. Quarters. . . .699

HISTORICAL.

Admission of Illinois. ... 28
Angio-Am'ican War 1812 24
Anglo-French Colonial

War 22

Black Partridge 20

Butchery of Fort Dear-
born 27

Chicago as a City 29

Chicago as a Thrifty

Village , 28

Chicago Portage 22

Death of Marquette 21

Defeat of Gen. Hull 25

English Intrigue 25

Escape of the Kinzie

Family 28

Establishment of Fort at

Chicago 23

Evacuation of Fort

Dearborn 27

Extensions of Chicago . . 29
First Settler of Chicago. 22
Fort Dearborn Erected. 24
Fort Dearborn Massacre 27
Fort Dearborn Rebuilt.. 28
Garrison of Fort Dear-
born 25

Growth of Chicago from

1837 29

Incorporation of Chgo. . 29
Indian Chief Eschika-

gow or Chicago 21

Jolict and Marquette. . .. 21

Kinzie, John 25

LaSalle's Explorations. ':','
Le Mai, the Fur Trader. 22

Louisiana Purchase 23

Massacre of Fort Dear-
born, Site of 27

Original City of Chicago 29
OriginaLSpellingof Chgo 21

Perish Le Clerc 27

Point De Sable 22

Population of Chicago,

1837 29

Population of Chicago,
1855-60-66-70-80-86-89... 30

HISTORICAL Continued.

Present Population of

Chicago 29

Second Settlement of

Chicago 28

St. Joseph, Michigan... 23

Tippecanoe 25

War with England 25

Wells, Captain 20

Whistler, Captain John. 2J

HOSPITALS AKD DISPENSA-
RIES.

Alexian Bros Hospital. .34X1
Augustana Hospital ..;!41

Bennett Hospital 341

Chi. Emergency Hos . .341
Chicago Floating Hos... 31 1
Chicago Horn. Hospital. 341
Chicago Hos. for Women

and Children 341

Cook County Hospital.. .342

German Hospital 34'J

Hahnemann Hospital . . .343

Hebrew Hospital 314

Linnean Hospital 344

Locat'n of Dispensaries. 340
Maurice Porter Memor'l

Free Hospital 344

Mercy Hospital 3i4

Michael Reese Hospital. 345
Natn'l Temperance Hos 340
Presbyterian Hospital . 340

Provident Hospital 347

Ry. Brotherhood Hos. . .347
Bt. Elizabeth's Hospital .247
St. Joseph's Hospital . . 347
St.Luke's Free Hospital. 348
St. Vincent's Maternity

Hospital 350

U.S. Marine Hospital.... 350

Wesley Hospital 351

Woman's Hospital 35."'

HOTELS.

Atlantic Hotel 352

Auditorium Hotel lift)

1 Jriggs House :*V!

Burhe's European Hotel353
Capacity of Chicago Ho-
tels :}52

Clifton House '.'M

Commercial Hotel 3->;

Continental Hotel !i53

Gault House 353

Gore's Hotel 353

Griind Pacific Hotel 354

Hotel Brevoort . 355

HotelDrexel 355

Hotel G race 355

Hotels. Miscellaneous... 358

Hotel Wellington 355

Hotel Woodruff 355

Hyde Park Hotel :$55

Leading Hotels 353

Leland Hotel 355

GENERAL INDEX.

ri.

HOTELS-C'ontinned.

McCoy's Europ'n Hot'l . .a r >6

Palmer House 356

Itichelieu Hotel 357

Saratoga Hotel 357

Sherman House a r >7

Southern Hotel a r >8

Tremont House a r >8

Victoria Hotel Itfs

Virginia Hotel 358

INEBRIATE ASYLUMS.

Alexian Brother's Hospi-
tal 361

Earle's Private Sanitari-
um 361

Keeley Institute (see
"Keeley Institute,"

The) 362

MarthaWash'gt'n Home 361

Mercy Hospital 361

St. Joseph's Hospital.... 3S1
Washingtouian Home... 362

KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE

Associated Koeley Bi-

ehloride of Gold Club.. 364
Bichloride of Gold Club

of Dwight 364

Character of the Patienta364
Daily Life at Dwight... 365
Departures and Arrivals 366

Depot 366

Discovery of theRemedy366

Diseases Treated 367

Dwight, Description of ..367
Effects of the Treatment368

Express Office 369

Government Recogni-
tion 369

Harry Lawrence's 369

Hotel and Boarding
House Accommoda-
tion 370

How One Man was Dis-
eased and How Cured. 370
Information for the In-
terested 371

Inebriety, a Disease 372

Keeley, as a Man 373

Keeley Institutes-
Branches 373

KeelcyInstitute,Chicat!-o:j; I
KeeleyInstitute,Foreign374
Keeley Institute,Parent

House 375

Keeley Institute, Win-

netka 374

Leslie E. Keeley Com-
pany, The 376

Medical Staff 37ii

No Restraint 376

Other Bichloride of Gold

Cures 377

Photography '. 377

Pocket Money 377

Postoffice 377

KEELEY INSTITUTE-Con.

Railroad Communica-
tion 378

Rules and Regulations. .378

Slang 378

Sympathy 379

Taking the Remedy 379

What the Treatment
Does 379

LIBRARIES.

Armour Mission Lib'ry.380

Chicago Athaneum Li-
brary * ....380

Chicago Branch I. T. &
M. Society Library. . . .380

Chicago Historical Soci-
ety Library 380

Hyde Park Lyceum Li-
brary 380

Illinois Tract Society Li-
brary 380

John Crerar Library 380

Lincoln St. M. E. Free
Library 380

Newberry Library . . 381

Public Library(see " Pub-
lic Library") 99

Pullman Public Lib'ry. .3S2

Ravenswood Public Li-
brary 382

South Chicago Public
Library 3S?

Union Catholic Lib'ry.. 382

Western New Church
Library 383

Wheeler Library 383

LIFE-SAVING STATIONS.

Chicago Life-Sav'g St'n.383
E vanston Lif e-Sav'g Stn 383

LIGHTHOUSES.

Chicago Light 383

Crib and Br'kw'r Lights. 3S4
Grosge Point Light 381

MANUFACTURES OF CHI-
CAGO.

Brass, Copper, etc 67

Brewing, Distilling and

Tobacco 57

Bricks, Stone, etc 58

Capital Employed, 1891. . 67
Capital Employed in Va-
rious Manufactures. 57-61

Chemicals 58

Iron and Steel 59

Iron and Wood 58

Labor Employed 67

Leather 59

Manufactures, Miscel ... 61

Meats 59

No. of Mnfg. Firms, 1891 57
Printing 60

MANUFACTURES-Con.

Textiles 60

Wages, Employes, 67-61

Wood 90

MARITIME INTERESTS.

Arrivals at Chicago Har-
bor, Comparative 61

Arrivals from!883to 1891 63

Clearances at Chicago
Harbor, Comparative. 61

Clearances from 18a3 to
1891 63

Coastwise Receipts and
Shipments 63

Comparison with Lake
Ports 62

Comparison with Sea-
board Cities. .' 61

Greatest Harbor i n
America 61

Lake-Carrying Trade. . . 61.

Shipments of Grain to
Canada 62

Tonnage of Lake Vessels 63

Value of Exports by
Lake 63

Vessels Cleared at Chi-
cago 61

Vessels Entered at Chi-
cago 61

Vessels Owned in Chi-
cago 64

MILITARY.

Battery D, 1st Artillery .389

Cavalry Troop A 391

Chicago Hussars ii91

Chicago Zouaves . . . : 393
Cook's Chicago Lancers 392
Ellsworth Chi. Zouaves. 392

Evanston Zouaves 393

First Brig., I. N.G.,Gen'l

and Staff 387

First Regt., Armory 389
First Regt., Field & Staff

Officers 388

First Regt., I. N. G. ...387
First Regt., Standing and

Personnel 388

Fort Sheridan 385

Gov. Headquarters ... 384
Illinois National Guards 386
Military Dept.of the Mo. 384
Rock Island Arsenal 386

Second Hegt. Band 391

Second Refit., Field and

Staff officers . 390

Second Regt., I. N.G.... 390
Second Regt., Hist, of .390
Veteran Societies 393

NEWSPAPERS-DAILY.

Abendpost 417

Arbeiter Zeitung 418

Dagbladet 420

GENERAL INDEX.

NEWSPAPEBS, DAILT-Con.

Daily National Hotel

OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.

Antioch 441

OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.

Evanston City of 450

Reporter, The 418

Argyle Park 441

Daily News, The. .. 419

Arlington Heights 442

Daily Sun, The 420

Auburn Park 442

Fairview Park . 452

Drovers Journal, The . . .420

Aurora 442

Feehanville 442

Evening Journal 420

Austin 442

Fernwood 452

Freie Presse 432

Avondale 443

Forest Hill . 452

Goodall's Daily Sun .422

Barrington . 443

Forest Home 452

Herald, The Chicago 422

Batavia 443

Fort Sheridan 452

Illinois Staats Zeitung..424

Bayer 443

Fox Lake 452

Inter Ocean, The 425

Bensonville . 443

Franklin Park 451?

List.y 426

Benton 443

Geneva .... 453

Mail, The Chicago 418

Berwyn 443

Glencoe 453

Post, The Evening . . . . 426

Bloom 443

Glen Ellyn 453

Press, The Evening ... .418

Blue Island 443

Glen wood 453

Skandinaven, The 427

Brainard . . . 444

Goodenow 453

Times, The Chicago ... .428

Bremen 444

Grand Crossing 453

Tribune, The Chicago. .429

Brighton Park 444

Grant Locomotive W'ks,

Brisbane . . 444

addition 453

NEWSPAPERS-WEEKLY AND

Buena Park . ... 444

Grayland 453

OTHElt PUBLICATIONS.

Gray's Lake 454

, Advance, The 431

Burlington Heights . .444

Greenwood 4. r >4

Banner of Gold, The. . . 431

Calvary 444

Greggs 454

B r a i n a r d ' s Musical

Camp McDonald 444

Griffith 454

World 433

G rossdale 454

Chicago Dramatic

Canfield .. 444

Gross Park 455

Journal 432

Cary . 444

Gurnee .. 455

Chicago Eagle 432

Cheltenham . . 444

H ammond 455

Citizen, The 433

Harlem 456

Credit Company, The. . .433

City and Environs 439

Harvey 456

Economist, The 433

Clarendon Hills . 444

Hawthorne 457

Farmers' Review, The . 434

Clifton 444

Hejjewisch 458

Figaro 434

Clintonville .... 444

Hessville 458

Ex position Graphic, The434

Clyde 444

Highland Park 458

Furniture 434

Colehour . 444

Highlands 458

German-American . 435

Conleys . . . 445

High Ridge 458

Graphic, The 435

Cortland 445

Hinsdale 458

Inland Architect and

Crawfoi'd 445

Hyde Park Center 459

News Record 435

Crete . . 445

Irving Park 460

Inland Printer, The 435

Itaska 46 1

Interior, '1 he . . . 435

Crystal Lake 445

Jefferson Park 460

Iron Age, The 430

Cummings 445

Joliet 460

Legal Adviser, The 43fi

Cuyler 445

Kenosha : 461

Lumber Trade Journal. .430

Dalton 445

Kensington 461

National Builder The 43C

Kenwood, 461

Nederlander, De 436

Lacton 462

Norden . . . .433

De Kalb 445

La For 462

Northwestern Christian

Deplaines 445

La Grange 462

Advocate . 437

Des Plaines 445

La Vergne 403

Dolton 445

Lake 463

man The 437

Lake Bluff 463

Occident 437

Dyer ...446

Lake Forest ... 463

Es'mt Grove 446

Lakeside 463

Lake Villa 463

Presto ' 438

land 446

Lemont 464

Libertyville 404

Edison Park 446

Linden Park 464

Eggleston 447

Lisle 464

Union Signal 438

El burn . 449

Lockport 464

Elgin - 449

Lombard 464

Flmhurst 449

Mandel 464

OUTLYING CHICAGO

Flsdon 449

Manhattan 464

Maple Park 4fi4

Suburbs 439

Englewood Heights 449

Maplewood 464

Englewood on the Hill 449

Marley 464

Altenheim .. . ..441

Eola... 450

Matteson 464

GENERAL INDEX.

Xlll

OUTLYING CHlCAGO-Con.

Maynard 464

Maywood 464

McCaffrey 465

Melrose 46i

Millers 465

Mokena 465

Monee 4f<5

Mont Clare .465

Montrose 465

Moreland 465

Morgan Park 465

Morton Park 466

Mount Forest 467

Mount Greenwood 467

Mount Prospect 467

Naperville 4<>7

New Lenox 467

Normal Park 467

North and South Shores 441

North Evanston 467

Norwood 467

Oak Glen 467

Oakland 467

Oak Lawn 467

Oak Park 467

Oak woods 46tf

Orchard Place 468

Orland 468

Palatine 468

Park Ridge 46S

Park Side 468

Pine. 468

Prairie View 468

Prospect Park 468

Pullman (See " Great

Industries ") 468

Racine 468

Ravens wood 468

Ravinia 469

Redesdale 469

Rhodes 469

Richton 469

Ridgeland 469

Riverdale 469

River Forest 4-i9

River Park 469

Riverside 469

Rockefeller 470

Romeo 470

Roseland 470

Sag Bridge 471

Sherman 471

Silver Lake 471

South Chicago 471

South Englewood 471

South Evanston 471

South Lawn 472

South Lynne 473

Spring- Bluff 472

Stone Wood 472

Stough 472

Suburban Railway De-
pots 410

Suburban Railway Ser-
vice 440

Suburbs annexed 439

OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con.

Surnmerdale 472

PARK SYSTEM-Continned.

Jackson Park 72

Summit 472

Jackson Blvd ... 73

Sycamore 473

Thatcher's Park 473

Lake Front Park 78

Thornton 473

Lake Park. . . 78

Tolleston 473

Lake Shore Drive 73

Tracy 473

Lincoln Park 74

Transportation to Sub-
urbs 440

Lincoln Park Conserva-
tory 6S

Tremont 473

Lincoln Pk., Mon'ts in... 75
Lincoln Pk. Palm-house 75
Michigan Ave. Blvd 75
Midway Plaisance 75
North and South side
Viaduct 76

Trevor 473

Turner 473

Upwood 473

Warrenton. . 473

Washington Heights. . .473
Waukegan 473

North Side Parks 67

Waukesha 473

Oak wood Blvd 76

Wayne 474

OgdenBlvd 76

Wentworth 474

Park Com'rs, how Appt. 67
Parks under City Con-
trol 78

West Ridge 474

West Roseland (see
"Roseland") 474

South Parks, The 69

Western Springs . . 474

South Side Parks ... 67

Wheaton 474

Thirty-fifth Blvd . 76

Wheeling 474

Union Park 76

Whiting 474

Vernon Park 78

Wild Wood 477

Washington Blvd 76

Willow Springs 477
Wilmette 477

Washington Park 77
Washington Park Con-
servatory ... 69

Winfleld 477

Wmnetka 477

Washington Square 78
Western A ve . Blvd 77
W. Twelfth Street Blvd. 77
West Side Parks . 67

Woodlawn . . 477

Worth 477

PARK SYSTEM.

Access to Parks 67

West Side Park Improve-
ments 79

Aldine Square 78

Wicker Park 78

Area of Parks 68

Woodlawu Park 78

Area of Public Squares. 68
Ashland Blvd 70

POLICE- DEPARTMENT.

Assistant Sup't 79

Campbell Park 79

Central Blvd 70
City Parks 78

Bureau of Identification 80

Congress Park 79

Conservatories 68

Composition of Force ... 80
Cost of Maintenance 80
Detective Department.. 80
Div. Headq'rt'sandPrec >0
Divisions' Inspectors 80
General Headquarters.. 81

Control of Parks 67

Conveyances to Parks. . . 67
Douglas Blvd 70

Douglas Monument
Square 78

Douglas Park 70

Douglas Park Conserva-
tory 69

Patrol System 81

DrexelBlvd 71

Policemen's Ben. Asso... 82

Ellis Park 78

Gage Park 71

GartieldBlvd 71
Garfiekl Park 71

Secretary 80

Garneld Park Conserva-
tory 69

POPULATION STATISTICS.

Americans in Chicago. . . 82
Bohemians in Chicago.. 8,','
Cook County Popula'n . . Si
English in Chicago .... 82
Foreisru Born Residents 82

Grand Blvd 71

Groveland Park 78

Humboldt Blvd 72

Humboldt Park 72
Humboldt Park Conser-
vatory . . . . 69

XIV

GENERAL INDEX.

POP. STATISTICS Con.

French in Chicago .... 83

PUBLIC EDUCATION-Con.

Manual Training in Pub-
lic Schools 92

PULLMAN, GUIDE TO-Coii.

Death Rate (see'Health 1 ili;.'!
Depots o"J

Physical Culture in Pub-

Doctors 321

lic Schools 93

Drainage . :>"!

Public School B'ldgs 94

DiCdging ... 321

Population 18i2 82

Public Sch'ls, How Con-
ducted 90

Drop Forge Company . .321
Dry Kilns .. 321

Population by Divisions 83

Receipts of School B'r'd. 92
Revenue Public Schools. 95

Dwellings (see " Build-
ings") 321

ships 83

Salaries School Emp.. 95-98

Electric Lighting .;21

Population by Wards. . 83

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Electro Plating 821
Engines '','.(

Population of Illinois.. 84

A Cosmopolitan Collec-
tion 99

Flats (see " Buildings ").321
Flora 32

Administration of 99

Fire Department . I>21

Scotch in Chicago 82

Branch Delivery Sta-
tions 100

Freight Car Shops 321
Foundry (see " Union

U. S. Census Figures 82

Cards of Membership. . .103
Character of Books 1<

Foundry." 321
Fuel :J21

Circulation of Books 101

Garbage 322

Condition of, 1892 101

Gas Works 321

POST OFFICE.

Delivery Stations 100

Branch Offices 85

Directors' Report, 1892.. 101

Glass .321

Business, Increase of 86

Employes of 100
Librarian 102

Green Houses 322
Halls ....322

Employees of 85

Maintenance of 99

Hammer Shop 322
Health 3'*i

Force Employed ... 85
Foreign Mails, Closing of 85

Number of Volumes 102
Officers of 'J'J

Ilennepin Canal 322
History .... 5*23

Percentage of Circula-

Hospitals 322

tion .. . '102

Hotels 322

International Money
1 Order System 87

Present Location of 99
Reference Department.,103

Houses (see " Build-
ings ").... . 322

Secretary 102

House Drainage (see

Mail Matter, First-Class. 89

Visitors During 1891... 103

"Drainage ") 322
Hydrants 322

Class 89

PULLMAN, GUIDE TO.

Ice Houses 322

Mail Matter, Second
Class 89

Allen Paper Car Wheel

Industries ?22
Insurance 322

Mail Matter, Third Class 89

Amusements 319

Iron Machine Shop 322
Journals 322

Arcade 319

Labor ; 323

Officers of the P. O 87

Arcade Theater 819

Lake Calumet 322

Architecture 319

Lake Michigan 322

Art . 319

Lake Vista 322

Railway Mail Service 89

Athletic Association. . . . 319
Band (see "Music") 319

Land Association 323
Leases 323

Railway Post Offices 89

Bank 319

Library 322

Receipts for 1H91 90

Birth Rate 319

Living at Pullman 323

Receipts of Post office . . 90

Blacksmith Shops 3 9 I
Blocks 319

Lumber Yards 323
Machinery 323

Registry Department. . . 90
Revenues of P. O 90
Salaries of Officers 90
Sub-Stations 85

Brass Works (see "Union
Foundry" 319
Brick Yards 319

Manufacturing . . 323
Market 32: 5
Municipal 323

U. S. Money Order Sys-
tem ... 90

Buildinsr s 320
Business Houses 320
Calumet Mfg. Co 320
Calumet River 320

Music 323
Nativity 323
Necrology (see
"Health") 323

PUBLIC EDUCATION.

Cemeteries 320

Operatives (see "Work-

Census 320

men") 324

Organization . 324

Children's Work 320

Paint Works 324

P ijp TSJ 1 SS .h V Q1

Churches 320

parks 324

Est'd Expenditures.!^. 98

Columbia Screw Co 321
Corliss Engine 320

Passenger Car Shops . . .324
Pavements 324

Board... .. 92

Dairy Farm . ...321

Play Grounds 32

GENERAL INDEX.

TOLLMAN, GUIDE TO Con.

Police 324

Politics 3 .'4

Power 324

Pullman Cars 324

Pullman City 324

Pullman Company (see
also "Pullman Palace
Car Company") . ...324

Pullman Farm 3;5

Pullman Iron and Steel

Works 325

Pullman Land Associ-
ation 325

Railroad 325

Rents 325

River Calumet 325

Secret Societies 325

Sewers and Sewage 32 >

Schools 326

Sidewalks 3. '5

Social Life 325

Stables 325

Steam Heating ~.325

Stores ;<~'t>

Street Railroad 325

Streets 325

Suburban Trains 326

Suburbs 326

Tenants 326

Terra Cotta Lumber Co. 326

Theater 32 i

Trees 326

Union Foundry and Car

Wheels Works 32B

AVages 326

Watchmen 326

Water 3^8

Water Tower 326

Waterworks 326

Women's Work 327

Workmen 327

RAILROADS AND WHERE
w ,. THEY LEAD TO.
,- Atch son.Topeka & Santa

< Fe 478

, Baltimore & Ohio 480

Chicago & Alton 438

Chicago, Burlington &

Quincy 482

Chicago & Calumet Ter-
minal 490

Chicago Central 481

Chicago & Eastern 111.. .491
Chicago & Grand Trunk.491
Chicago, Milwaukee &

St. Paul 484

Chicago & Northern Pa-
cific 492

Chicago & North-west-
ern 493

Chicago, Rock Island &

Pacific 486

Chicago, St. Paul &
KansasCity 48

RAILROADS Continued.

Cleveland, Cincinnati,
Chicago & St. Louis. . .497

Erie Lines 498

Grand Trunk 499

Illinois Central 500

Lake Shore & Michigan

Southern 503

Louisville, New Albany

Chicago 504

Michigan Central 504

New York Central 504

Northern Pacific 505

Pennsylvania Lines (iti7

Union Pacific 508

Wabash 510

Wisconsin Central Lines.511

REAL ESTATE AND BUILD-
INGS.

Building, Comparative.. 104

Bldg. Operations, 1891. . .103

Bldg. Oper. since 1876. . .105

, Building Permits, 1891.. 104

-" Great Bldgs. of 1891 106

Growth of Chicago 105

Real Estate Market, '91. .105
Real Estate Transfers. . .105,
School Bldgs. erect. '91.. 107

SHIP AND DRAINAGE CA-
NAL.

Changing the Water

Flow 107

Chicago Sanitary Dis-

trict,Mapof 108

Cost of the Undertak'g.109
Disposing of the Chicago

Sewage 109

Drainage Commission . .107
Map of Sanitary Dis-
trict 108

Powers of Commission.. 107
Route of theSbip Canal. 109
Uncertainty as to Work
on 112

SOCIETIES.

Art Student's League. . .513
Back Lot Societies of

Evanston 513

Bar Association 514

Bohemian Free Think-
ers 514

British American Asso.514
Canadian Amer. League 514
Chicago Academy of

Sciences .514

Chicago Astronomical

Society 514

Chicago Democracy... 514
Chicago Historical Soc'y 515
Chicago Law Club ... 515
Chicago Law Institute. .515
Chicago Orchestral

Union 515

Chicago Philatelic Soc'y 516

SOCIETIES-Continued.

Chicago Soc'y of Deco-
rative Art 5!6

Chicago Turngemeinde.516

Columbian Asso 516

Cymrodorian Soc'y. 517

Dania Soc'y 517

Deutscher Krieger

Verein 517

Garibaldi Legion 517

Germania Soc'y of Chi. 518
German Mutual Benefit

Association 518

Girl's Friendly Soc'y. . ..518

Horticultural Soc'y 518

Illinois Humane Soc'y.. 518
Illinois Soc., Sons of the

American Revolution. 519
Ill.State Bd.of Charities 519
Irish Catholic Coloniza-
tion Ass'n 520

Irish Nat. Burial Ass. . . 520
Luxemburg Unterstuet-

zungs Verein 520

Medical Societies 520

Moral Education'l Soc'y 520

Naval Vet. Ass'n 520

N. W. Associ'n of Horse

Breeders 520

N. W. Trav. Men's Ass. .521

Ogontz Association 521

Personal Rights League 521
Philosophical Society.. .522
Physical Culture and

Correct Dress 232

Plat Deutsch Verein 522

Ref onn.Societies ... 522
Ridgeway Ornithologi-
cal Club 523

Secret Societies 523

Singing Societies 523

Societa Christof oro Col-

umbo 523

Societa Francaise D e

Secours Mutual 523

Societa Itiliana Unione

e Fratellanza 523

Society for Ethical Cul- .

ture 523

Soldiers' Home Asso . . 623
South End Flower Mis-
sion 5'3

St. Andrew's Society. . . .523
State Microscopical So-
ciety 624

State Council Catholic

Benevolent Legion 524
St. Vincent De Paul So-
cieties 5?4

Temperance Societies. . .524

Turners' Societies 524

Typothetae, The 524

Union Veteran League. .524
Unione e Fratellanza 524
Union Veteran Legion.. 525
United Commercial
Travelers of America.525

XVI

GENERAL INDEX.

SOCIETIES-Contlnned.
Western Amateur Press

Asso 525

Western Society. Army

of the Potomac 525

Woman's Press Asso 525

Wonfan's Alliance 526

Woman's Exchange 526

SPECIAL REFERENCE.

Andrews, A. H. & Co. ..626
Blatchford, E. W. & Co. 024
Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co 626
Chicago Rawhide Mfg.

Co The 625

Crown Pianos 8c Organe.C29

Curry Charles C.28

Dodge Mfg. Co. The.... 620
Douglas' Instantaneous

Water Heater 629

Ely, The Edwards Co . . .r22
Fooler, E. 8. & W. S. ttf!
Gregg Electric Cure Co.630
Gormully & Jeffery Mfg.

Co 631

Henry Dibblee Co ... . . ..621

Irwin, Green & Co .... 623,

James, Fred S. &Co... 623
Jenkins, Kreer & Co... 627
Kaestner, Chas. & Co 627

KimbarkS. D 630

Marine Engine Works ..621
McDonald, Charles.. . .628
New York Mutual Life

Insurance Co 631

Northwestern Masonic

Aid Asso 632

Northern Assurance Co.

of London 631

Pettibone, Mulliken &

Co 624

Phenix Lumber Co. Mil-
waukee 531

Plank inton Hotel, Mil-
waukee ...531

Rice & Whitacre Mfg.

Co 622

Richardson M.A. Jr. &

Co 625

Ritchie, W. C. & Co 628

Sawyer-Goodman Co 624

S\yeet Wallach & Co ...620
Victor Colliau's Hot

Blast Cupola, Detroit. 529
Vierling, McDowell &

Co 626

Warner Bros. Corset

Mfgs 625

Western Wheel Works.. 6'S

8T.4TE INSTITUTIONS.

Illinois Asylum for Fee-
ble Mind'eii Child'n ... 526

Illinois Central Hospital
for the Insane 526

Illinois Charitable Eye
and Ear Infirmary 526

STATE INSTITUTIONS-Con.

Illinois Hospital for the
Insane 5~'6

Illinois Institution for
the Education of the
Blind 526

Illinois Institution for
the Education of the
Deaf and Dumb 526

Illinois Northern Hospi-
tal for the Insane 527

Illinois Soldiers' and
Sailors' Home 527

Illinois Soldier s'
Orphans' Home 527

Illinois Southern Hospi-
tal for the Insane 527

Illinois Southern Peni-
tentiary 627

Illinois State Peniten'y .627

Illinois State Reform
School 528

TRIBUTARY CITIES AND
TOWNS.

Cincinnati 528

Cleveland 528

Columbus 628

Council Bluffs 528

Des Moines 528

Detroit 529

Galena 529

Galesburg *29

Indianapolis 529

Jackson 29

Jacksonville 530

Kansas City 530

Keokuk 530

Leavenworth 530

Lincoln 530

Louisville 53 1 )

Milwaukee 530

Minneapolis . 531

Omaha 531

Quincy 532

Springfield 532

St. Joseph 532

St. Louis 532

St. Paul 532

Tributary Cities 533

Tributary Towns in Sur-
rounding States 533

Tributary Towns, Popu-
lation of 533

UNION STOCK YARDS.

Area covered by 319

A rmour's Great Busi-
ness 336

"Big Four " The 335

Capacity of 330

Classification of Cattle.. 333
Clay, Robinson & Co. ...336
Currency and Weights. 332
Disposing of receipts. . . 333
Dressed Beef Business . .334
Exchange, The 335 |

UNION STOCK YARDS Con.

How Live Stock is Rec'd .331

Location of 329

Method of Buying and . .332

Selling 332

Packing Companies 335

Rules and Regulations.. 331
Sights in Pack ingtown.. 337
Slaughtering the Cattle .334
Union Stock Yards Com. 329

Wood Bros 33*5

Yardage Charges, etc 332

WATER TRANSPORTATION.
-LAKE.

Goodrich Line 634

Goodrich Line, Steam-
ships of 534

Goodrich Line, Descrip-
tion of the "Virginia.. 534

Graham & Morton Trans-
portation Co 533

Lake M. & Lake S. Trans.
Co. 535

WATER WORKS.

Central PumpingWorks.112
Description of Water

Works System 112

Expenditure since 1861 . . 113
How to reach Pumping

Station 1 2

How to reach Crib 112

Location of Pumping

Stations 112

New Water Tunnels 114
Source of Water Supply.114
Suburban Water Supply. lla
Temperature of Lake

Water 114

Total Cost of Water

Works to 1892 113

Water Supply of Envi-
rons 115

Water Towers 114

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EX-
POSITION.

Act of Congress author-
izing World's Fair 565

Administration 537

Administration Build-
insr. Progress of 551

Agr't'l Bldg., Prog-
ress of 551

Appropriations of For-
eign Countries 646

Art Galleries, Progress
of 551

Board of Architects . - 540

Board of Control and
Management of U. S.
Government Exhibit. .540

Board of Lady Mana-
gers 640

Board of Reference and
Conirol 638

GENERAL INDEX.

XV11

WORLD'S COL. EX. -Con.

Building Outlook 189 i.. 551
Chicago Stock Subscrip-
tion 550

Chiefs of Departments.. 539

Commissioners 638

Committees 538

Com. of the Directory of
the World's Col. Ex.

on Word's Cong's fi44

Congresses 544

Dairy Building, Pro-
gress of 552

Dedicatory Ceremonies.554

Director General 539

Dutiable Articles Ex-
hibited 556

Electric Lighting 552

Electricty Building,

Progress of 551

Entrance Pee 554

Estimated Value of Sal-
vage 550

Executive Department. 539

Exhibits 554

Expenditures to Date . . 549
Exposition Bldgs., An-
nexes, etc 549

Exposition Bldgs., Area

Covered 548

Exposition Bldgs., Cost.

of 548

Exposition Bldgs., Di-
mensions of 548

Exposition Bldgs., Ex-
penditures 549

Financial Ability of Ex-
position Company . . . 550

Financial Resources 550

Fisheries Bldg., Progress

of 551

Foreign Participation ..546
Forestry Bldg., Progress
of 551

WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con.

Geenral Information . . .554

General Review 516

Government Aid and

Kecognition 547

Government Exhibits. . .56
Hand-Hook of the Expo-
sition 559

Headquarters 559

Hotel Accommodation.. 554
Hoiticultural Building,

Progress of 551

Illinois Bldg, Progress of 552
Int. earned on deposits.. 550
Jackson Pk., Prep, at . . .654
Jackson Park and Mid-
way Plaisance 554

Lighting the Buildings

and Grounds 552

Local Board 538

Local Bd. of Directors . .539

Local Bd. Corn's 538

MachinervHall, Prog.of 551
Manufactures and Lib-
eral Arts Building,

Progress of 551

Material Used in Con-
struction of Buildings.552

Medical Bureau 540

Mines Bldg., Progress of. 551
Nations Responding .. 546

Naval Review 553

Officers of Local Board. P38
Organization of Expo . . .557
Origin of World's Fair

Movement 555

Power of Commission. . .556
Precautions against Fire552

Preliminary Work 555

Pres. Proclamation 556

Pres. Proclamation.Text

Of 557

Progress of Construct'n.551
Prospective Gate Rec'ts.560

WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con.

Prospective Receipts
from Concessions and

Privileges 650

Restaurants & Cafes .... 664
Sewerage Arrange-
ments 552

Site of the Exposition . .558

Special Attractions 558

Special Exposition Fea-
tures 5f,4

State and Territorial Aid

and Recognition 547

Stock Subscriptions... .550
Total cost of Exposi-
tion 549

Transportation 552

Transportation Bl dg . ,

Progress of 651

Transportation, In-
crease of 559

TJ. 8 Government Bldg 552

WaterSupply 552

Woman's Branch of the
World's Congress Aux-
iliary 545

Woman's Build'g, Prog-
ress of 551

Women's Work 553

World's Columbian Com-
mission 537

World's Congress,

Arrangements for. . ..553
World's Congress Aux^

iliary 541

World's Congress Aux-
iliary, Topic to be Dis-
cussed 558

World's Congresses Pro-
posed 544

World's Congress De-
partments 541

The publishers desire to state that no "paid" matter of any description ichat-
ever appears in the body of this icork. Commercial houses, corporations, private
interests and individuals are referred to only because a Guide to Chicago would not
be complete were mention of them omitted. These references are made not only
without previous arrangement, but in nearly every instance without the knowledge
of the houses, corporations or persons referred to. The sole aim of the publishers has
been to make a perfect hand-book. Such "paid " matter as appears in this volume
is printed plainly aft advertising.

THE FRONTISPIECE.

The Frontispiece in this edition of THE STANDARD GUIDE is taken
from the Great Oil Pai//fii/>/ presented to Chicago by the Contributors to the Fin
lit lief Fund in London, England, after the g nut fire o/ 1871. There was a
surplus left after Chicago had received all the a'ul tlffmtit nfressary, and this was
used to pay for the painting of the picture. It hangs in the rooms of the Historical
Society . Though severely criticised as a Work of Art, it irill become yearly more
valuable as a Historical Souvenir.

a y
6 t

c O

CHICAGO.

Not in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the
glorious colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in won-
der the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago. And it is probable that even
Ihe elastic credulity of childhood, which from generation to generation has
accepted, without question, the impossible adventures of Aladdin, Ali Baba
and Sinbad the Sailor, would be sorely strained if confronted with the story
which the most prosaic historian of this remarkable city is called upon to
tell.

Chicago is one of the wonders of modern times. Her progress amazes
mankind. There is not on record an achievement of human intellect, skill
and industry that will bear comparison with the transformation of a dismal
swamp, in the midst of a trackless desert, within the span of a human life,
into one of the mightiest and grandest cities on the globe.

The aim of this volume is to present to the reader the results attained by
the people of Chicago in government, art, science, culture, commerce and
general advancement. To do this within the limits of a pocket compendium
has required exacting labor and the exercise of all the skill which the com-
piler could command.

Neither Baedeker's nor Gallignani's celebrated guides, which European
'ravelers find indispensable, are the results of a year's or of ten years' labor.
It has required a quarter of a century or more, and frequent alterations and
evisions, to bring them up to their present degree of excellence. It requires
lime to perfect a volume of this character, particularly when it pretends to
'.over faithfully a city like Chicago, where changes of magnitude are con-
stantly occurring, and where it demands all the watchfulness, energy and
enterprise of the editors of our great daily newspapers to keep up with the
rapidly-moving and never-halting procession of events.

I do not claim for " The Standard Guide " any more or less than that it
is a faithful compilation. I have sought material everywhere, and have taken
the liberty of using all the facts and -information that have fallen under my
eye.

18 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

I take advantage of this opportunity to cheerfully and publicly place cm
record my obligations to the reporters of the city press, whose work haa
made it possible for me to collect within the covers of this volume much of
the information it contains.

This book, I believe, will prove to be one of the most useful ever issued in
Chicago, both as a guide and an encyclopedia, and valuable alike to the resi-
dent and the stranger. My aim has been to place this city, so much misrepre-
sented of late, in a proper light before the World to convince the people of
all countries that Chicago is not merely a big, bustling, uncultivated Westein
town, but a great Modern Metropolis, whose people are blessed with all the
advantages and surrounded with all the elevating and refining influences
enjoyed by the residents of cities ten times her age. This volume will be
read extensively throughout America and Europe, and I believe it will con-
tribute in no small degree toward removing the erroneous impressions con.
cerning Chicago and her people which have found a lodgment abroad.

The printing and binding of this book were placed in the hands of Messrs.
Donohue & Henneberry, who have performed their work in a most creditable
manner. The photographic views from which the half-tone engravings were
taken, were furnished by Mr. J. W. Taylor ; the photogravures were made by
Vandercook & Co.

THE STANDARD GUIDE TO CHICAGO will be revised and issued annually.

JOHN J. FLINN.
CHICAGO, 1891.

The above appeared as the preface to the STANDARD GUIDE to Chicago for
891. I have nothing to add to it except this : That the sale of the work
justifies me as its compiler in pronouncing it a success. It seems to have met a
want and filled it. For this I am grateful, and as an earnest of my gratitude, I
have attempted to make this, the revised edition, still more worthy of public
patronage.

JOHN J. FLINN.

CHICAGO, 1892.

PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.

In this volume the World's Columbian Exposition is treated merely as an
incident to Chicago. We publish a "Hand-Book of The World's Colum-
bian Exposition," which will, we are satisfied, be accepted by the public as a
c implete compendium of information concerning the World's Fair. It has
been carefully compiled from official sources, by Mr. John J. Flinn.

THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY.

THE MARVELOUS CITY.

A BUSINESS VIEW.

Population of Chicago, 1837

Population of Chicago, 1890 (IT. 8. Census)

Population of Chicago, 1890 (School Census)

Population of Chicago, 1892 (Estimated)

Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1837

Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1892

Length of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892

Width of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892

Buildings erected in Chicago since 1876

Cost of buildings erected since 1876

Frontage of buildings erected since 1876, miles

Buildings erected in Chicago in 1891

Cost of buildings erected in 1891

Frontage of buildings erected in 1891, miles

Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1866 -

Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1891

Commerce of Chicago, 1850

Commerce of Chicago, 1891

Capital of Chicago National Banks, 1891

Surplus and Profits of Chicago National Banks, 1891

Value of Meat Products for 1891

Receipts of Hogs for 1891

Receipts of Cattle for 1891 -

Wholesale Business of Chicago, 1891

Manufactured Products of Chicago, 1891 -

Wages paid Employes of Manufactories for 1891

Capital Employed in Manufacturing, 1891

4,170

1,098,576

1,208,669

1,300,000

10.70

181.70

67,868

$309,309,379.00

286

11,626

$54,010,500.00
53

$453,798,648.11

$4,456,885,230.00

$20,000,000.00

$1,459,000,000.00

- $21,241,680.00
$12,495,143.00

- $133,860,000.00

8,600,865

3,250,000

$517,166,000.00

- $567,012,300.00
$104,904,000.00

- $210,302,000.00

THE MARVELOUS CITY.

ANOTHER VIEW.

Investment In Public Schools to Date - $58,000,000.00

Pupils Attending Public Schools . . 14.5 751

Teachers in Chicago Publie Schools .... 3 259

Cost of Maintaining Public Schools, 1891 - - $5,013 435.86

Academies and Seminaries In Chicago . - 359

Universities in Chicago - ... 4.

Private Schools in Chicago . . goo

Pupils Attending Seminaries, Private Schools, etc. - - 70,000

Teachers in Academies, Seminaries, etc. - - 12 000

Enrollment at Night Schools, 1891 . . . 12,000

Cost of Night Schools, 1891 $95,361.84

Whole number of Public Schools . . 192

Estimated Cost Public Schools, 1892 - $6,000,000.00

Number of Children of School Age in Chicago 289,433

Number of Books taken from Public Library, per annum - 1,290,514

Number of Volumes in Public Library - 166475

Number of Volumes in other Libraries - 3,000,000

Number of Visitors to Public Library Reading Room, 1891 - 492,837

Reference Books Issued, 1891 . 326,619

Visitors to Art Institute, 1891 - 75,000

Number of Daily Newspapers in Chicago - - - 30

Number of Weekly Newspapers 305

Total Number of Periodical Publications - 611

Productions of Bound Books in Chicago, 1891 9,000,000

Hospitals in Chicago 30

Charitable Asylums in Chicago - - 50

Amount Expended in Public Charities Annually - - $5,000,000.00
Amount Contributed Toward Private Charities Annually - $3,000,000.00

Number of Churches in Chicago - 575

Number of Literary Organizations - . 725

Number of Gentlemenls Family Clubs - 89

Area of Public Parks, Acres - - - 1,974

O <

3 ^

o 5

* ^

"2 3

s -i

PART I.

CHICAGO AS IT WAS.

In order that the visitor may thoroughly appreciate the magnitude and
splendor of the Chicago of the present, perhaps it would be well enough to
take a glance at the Chicago of the past. The history of the city is as brief
as it is wonderful. One hundred years ago the ground which it covers was
a pathless wilderness an almost impenetrable morass; a swamp, out of
which sprang a dense growth of wild and tangled grasses, with here and
there a mound or a ridge covered with wild reeds, or oak and maple trees,
stunted in their growth but luxuriant in their foliage.

Since 1673, when Joliet and Marquette, induced by the marvelous tales
told them by the Indians regarding the Big Water that laid toward the
north, gazed upon Lake Illinois (the name which Lake Michigan bore for
many years), and discovered the portage of the Chicago, or Checagow, as the
natives pronounced it, a number of French explorers and missionaries from
the South and Canadian voyageurs from the North had visited the spot upon
which Fort Dearborn was afterward erected by the United States govern-
ment, then in its infancy. Louis Joliet was the agent of Count Frontenac,
the Governor of " New France" afterward Louisiana; and Father Jacques
Marquette was a priest of the Society of Jesus, full of zeal for his religion
and bent upon the salvation of the savage. Some writers maintain that La
Salle preceded Marquette, but the doubt as to this is decidedly in favor of the
Jesuit priest. It was Joliet, however, who first made the outside world
acquainted with the fact that such a stream as the Chicago river existed, by
giving it a place in a roughly-drawn map which accompanied his report to
the French governor. Marquette did not long survive his arrival at Chicago
Portage. He died of a fever contracted in the malarial swamp during the
year 1675, after having established his religion among the Indians. His
successor was Father Claude Allouez, who, during his mission to the Illi-
nois, made several trips to this section.

The Indians had given the name which this city bears to the river. To
them it was Eschikagow or Checagow. There are various stories regarding
its origin. It is known that a chief of the tribe of Illinois was named " Che-
cagow " and that he was sent to France in 1725 and had " the distinguished
honor of being introduced in Paris to the Company of the Indies," but the

22 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

river was called Eschikagow or " Checagow " long before this. The word
"Checagow" in the language of the Illinois meant " Onion;" in the language
of the Pottawatomies it signified " pole cat." The probabilities are that the
stream received its name from the " Onion," that vegetable having been
found in great profusion along its banks by the early explorers.

La Salle in 1678 secured a patent of nobility from the French monarch
and a grant of seignority for Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. He then
undertook the task of Western exploration, and visited the Mississippi and
Illinois rivers in furtherance of his object. In his company were three
Flemish friars, and of these Fathers Membre and Ribourde became the
immediate successors of Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mission. For
nearly a hundred years we read of a succession of missions, of the occa-
sional arrival of an emissary of the French government, of the establishment
of trading posts here and elsewhere along the shore of Lake Michigan, but
nothing in the nature of a permanent settlement is mentioned, and it is plain
that no idea of the foundation of a city at or near the Chicago Portage ever
entered the minds of the few adventurous spirits who found their way hither.

The first settler of Chicago was a fugitive San Domingoan slave named
Point De Sable. How he found his way from his master's plantations to the
French settlements of Louisiana and afterward into the jungles of the North-
west is unknown, but that he was settled in a cabin at the mouth of the Chi-
cago river and was leading the life of a trapper here in 1779 is a settled fact.
Attention is called to his existence by the British Commander of Fort Mich-
ilimacinac in a letter written on the 4th of July of the year mentioned, who
speaks of him as " Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome negro, and settled at
Eschikagow, but much in the French interest." This negro became quite
prominent as a fur trader, and others who sought to obtain a share of the prof-
its obtained through barter with the Indians soon gathered around him.
Quite a settlement of these trappers and traders sprang up at the mouth of
the river. One of them, a Frenchman named Le Mai, bought De Sable out.
The latter died shortly afterward at Peoria. Le Mai put new life into the
business and caused several improvements to be made in the settlement.
The point continued to grow in importance as a trading post, and Le Mai
became quite a prosperous if not a wealthy man. He continued in busi-
ness here until 1804.

The result of the Anglo-French colonial war, in which George Wash-
ington under General Braddock first achieved military distinction, was to
deprive France of all territory lying upon the great lakes and east of the
Mississippi, and without having any knowledge of the fact, for the scene of
operation was far away and means of communication were few, the settle-
ment of Chicago Portage passed under the protection of the British flag.
Concerning this period, Flinn, in his history of Chicago, says: "In all the

CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 23

subsequent events, the session of Louisiana to Spain, the insurrection of the
Indians under the great Pontiac, and, spurred on by the French traders,
the attempt of the Illinois Chief Chicago to drive back the English; the
English attempt to prevent settlements beyond the Ohio river; the annexa-
tion of the Northwest to Canada; the preparation for a colonial revolt against
King George through all these events Chicago Portage slumbered obliv-
iously in her desolate neck of the woods, as blissfully ignorant of the world
as the world could possibly be of her."

While negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana by the United States
government were in progress the project of building a fort a sort of an out-
post of civilization at the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, was being
entertained by Congress. From the close of the Re volution it had been remem-
bered that British influence among the warriors who overran the West, and
who could be counted in bands of thousands along the upper lakes, was gain-
ing headway, and it became necessary with the acquisition of the new terri-
tory that the United States government should make some demonstration of
its strength in order to counteract the pernicious effects of England's tactics.
The Indians could be made very troublesome to us by the artifices of a nation
that was secretly, if not openly, still an enemy of the republic. Hence the
proposition to build a fort.

The mouth of the St. Joseph river on the east bank of the lake was first
proposed as the proper site for the outpost, but the friendly Indians were
hostile to the measure, withheld their consent to its construction, and the
government commissioners, in the interest of peace, decided to select another
location.

Across the lake from St. Joseph was the Chicago Portage, where
a piece of territory six miles square had been 'ceded to the government
by the Indians. The mere fact that the government was the owner of
these six miles square appears to have been the most potent influence brought
to bear upon the commissioners. Beyond the fact that the government owned
this little piece of land in the wilderness, there was no particular reason why
the fort should be located here, except that the Chicago river emptied into
the lake at this point, and from the Chicago communication could be had by
water with the interior. The undertaking was considered at the time a bold
one, as the post would be far removed from the borders of civilization, and
the safety of its defenders would depend in great measure upon the friend-
ship of the Illinois and Pottawatomie Indians. An order for the construc-
tion of the works was issued by the War Department in 1803. There were no
American military outposts nearer than Detroit and Michilimacinac at this
time. A company of United States soldiers was stationed at the latter place,
under command of Capt. John Whistler, an officer of the Revolution, and
to him was intrusted the work of establishing the new fort. Two young

24 GUIDE TO CfilCAGO.

lieutenants, William Whistler, the Captain's son, and James S. Swearington
from Chillicothe, Ohio, assisted him in command. To the latter he gave in
charge the difficult and dangerous task of conducting the soldiers through the
forests of Michigan to Chicago, while with his wife, his son and his son's
wife a young bride he embarked on the United States schooner "Tracy'
for the same destination.

The schooner arrived in front of the settlement on July 4, 1808. The
mouth of the river was choked with sand, driftwood and weeds. On the
sand bar the schooner discharged her cargo of ammunition, arms and
provisions into small boats which were rowed into the river, and landed at
the spot where the fort was to be erected. There were at this point three
rude huts occupied by French fur traders with their Indian wives and broods
of half-breed children. But the news of the projected work had been noised
around the country, and nearly 2,000 Indians were present to witness the
debarkation. In the presence of these natives the United Stales flag was
planted on a spot made venerable with the memories of 130 years of transient
French occupation. The fort was not completed until the following year.
It occupied, according to Eastman, " one of the most beautiful sites or
the lake shore. It was as high as any other point, overlooking the sur
face of the lake, commanding as well as any other view on this flat
surface could, the prairie extending north to the belt of timber along the
south branch and on the north side, and the white sand hills both to the
north and south, which had for ages past been the sport of the lake winds.'
Around the fort, little by little, began to gather the wild anc"
restless adventurers who blazed the path of civilization through thr
trackless forests. Now and then hunters "dropped in," liked thr
place and stayed. Little by little the three log huts which the schoone?
"Tracy" had found here became surrounded by a little village of simila"
huts, but their occupants, instead of being French traders with squaw wives
were more closely allied by race and disposition to the soldiers within th<-
palisades. There were Indians about in great numbers, but they wer^
friendly and manageable as a rule. The post continued to be entirely isolated
from the rest of the Caucasian race on the continent, and save for an occa
sional visit from a supply schooner, its little garrison might well have been
impressed with the belief that all the world had forgotten them.

The war between the United States and England in 1812, was the cause
of that important event in the history of Chicago, the massacre of Fort Dear-
born. The French settlers previous to this time bad been driven out of Illi-
nois by the English, and the latter had worked their way steadily into the
confidence and affections of the Indians. They had been taught by English
agents and emissaries that the Americans were attempting to rob them of
their hunting grounds and led to believe that if they would join their fortunes

CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 25

with the British the Americans would be driven out of the country. The
Shawnees, a powerful western tribe, had been thoroughly blinded by the
English and had given themselves over bodily to the enemy, with the great
chief Tecumseh attheir head. This chieftain was as eloquent as he was brave.
He talked to the friendly Pottawatomie chiefs, worked upon their credulity
and gained their adhesion to the English cause. Several of them had fought
by his side at Tippecanoe the year before, and it is stated, on good authority,
that Tecumseh contemplated the destruction of Fort Dearborn even then,
and would have carried his design into execution were it not for the defeat
he suffered in that memorable engagement.

He was an energetic man, and he wandered through the wilderness
constantly in search of new allies to assist him in driving the white settlers
east of the Ohio river. He succeeded in forming an alliance of this charac-
ter with the Winnebagoes of Rock River.

The officers who were originally in command of Fort Dearborn were
replaced in 1811 by Capt. Heald, Lieut. Helm, Ensign George Ronan and
Surgeon Van Voorhees. The garrison, at the time, contained sixty-six
soldiers. John Kinzie, the first "prominent citizen, "was living with his
family close to the fort. There were a few straggling farm-houses along the
river. Inside the palisades dwelt the wives of Capt. Heald and Sergeant
Holt, and three other women, the wife of a French trader named Ouilmette,
a Mrs. Boriou, her sister, and Mrs. Corbin, the wife of a soldier. The Kinzie,
Burns and White families were the most prominent in the settlement.

Everybody acquainted with American history will recall readily the disas-
trous defeats and humiliations which befell our armies in the Northwestduring
the early months of the War of 1812. Fort Michilimacinac, Mich., the nearest
post to Fort Dearborn , had fallen . Finally the garrison at Detroit, together with
the town and the entire territory of Michigan, fell into the hands of the Brit-
ish. General Hull, who was in command, was tried by court martial and
sentenced tobe hanged, a sentence never executed, however, for it developed
to the satisfaction of the government and the country shortly afterward
that the War Department, which had been inefficiently conducted, was
really responsible for the disaster. Some days before surrendering he had
the forethought and the manliness to acquaint Captain Heald, commander of
Fort Dearborn, with the situation, to warn him of the impending danger and
to urge him and the little garrison to evacuate the fort and retreat to Fort
Wayne. This was the first intimation Fort Dearborn had received of the
declaration of war with England and the unfortunate disasters which had
followed. The news created consternation and confusion bordering upon
panic. To make matters worse, there was anything but harmony existing
between Heald and his subordinates The latter decided upon evacuation
without consulting with his officers, in spite of the opposition of Kinzie,

26 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

who was powerful among the settlers, and against the advice of Winne-
mac, the friendly chief, who had brought the tidings from Hull. The
latter had suggested, or ordered, that the supplies contained in the fort
be distributed among the Indians. When arguments failed, and Kinzie
found that Heald could not be turned from his purpose, he begged the
commander to evacuate at once, before news of the American defeats and the
peril of their position became noised ,mong the tribes. Heald, however,
obstinately insisted upon postponing the move till he could summon all the
Indians, in order to divide the supplies among them. Winnemac saw clearly
the danger of this course, and advised that the fort be abandoned without
delay, with everything left as it was; so that while the Indians were ransack-
ing the place, and gorging themselves with the provisions, the garrison might
safely escape. He knew that the savages had become generally hostile.
Further appeals to Heald from officers and settlers proved to be of no avail.
On August 12th, a council of Pottawatomies was assembled and called to
order by Captain Heald, in the presence of Mr. Kinzie, who accompanied him
to the place of meeting outside the palisades. This council passed off peace-
ably enough, Capt. Heald promising to evacuate the fort and distribute the
supplies and all surplus ammunition and arms within the garrison. The
Indians were also to receive a liberal gift of money. The Indians appeared to
be satisfied. They had not as yet heard of the American defeat, Capt. Heald
remaining silent on that subject. It was conveyed to them, however, by
Tecumseh, who promised them a glorious opportunity of driving the whites
forever out of the hunting-grounds.

The effect of this intelligence was to make the Indians at once more
insolent than ever. Heald, in a foolish effort to correct a criminal mis-
take, decided to distribute provisions only, and to destroy the arms and ammu-
nition. The Indians prowling around the fort found fragments of muskets,
flint-locks and broken powder casks thrown in a well, and at the river bank
a number of headless whisky casks. When these discoveries were reported to
the multitude of red-skins now assembled, their rage knew no bounds. They
justly looked upon Heald's act as a piece of treachery, and it compromised
all the good fellowship that existed between the Indians and the garrison, and
even the Chief Black Partridge, who had always been friendly, threw off his
allegiance and became an enemy.

Rumors of the threatened danger at Fort Dearborn had reached Fort
Wayne. Capt. Wells stationed there was a brother of Mrs. Heald. He
started with fifteen Miamis to the rescue, and arrived on August 14th, find-
ing the garrison without hope of deliverance. Evacuation at any cost had
now been determined upon. Starvation was the only alternative. Kinzie
left his family in charge of some friendly Indians, and volunteered to accom-
pany the troops. His influence with the savages was great, and it was hoped
that his presence might prevent an attack.

CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 2?

The evacuation occurred on the morning of the 15th. It was a sad spec-
tacle. As the inmates left the palisades they were preceded by the post
band which played the Dead March. Not a man or a woman among them
expected to reach Fort Wayne. All felt that their doom was sealed. Capt.
Wells led the little band of Miamis which formed the van. He had black-
ened his face in token, it is said, of his impending fate.

The evacuating party consisted of the garrison, about sixty five men,
officers included; the Miamis and leader, the wives and children of officers,
soldiers and settlers about one hundred and twenly-five persons, all told.
They took their route along the southern shore of the lake beach. This was
skirted by a range of sand hills. To the west of these hills, or say from the
line of the present State street inward was the prairie or swamp lands, dry in
the month of August, 1812. Much to the alarm of the fugitives the
Pottawatomies took the prairie on the west side of the sand hills,
and followed them at a distance. They must have reached a point
on the shore at the foot of the present Eighteenth street, when Capt.
Wells, who had been riding in advance, came galloping back with the
announcement, " They are about to attack us, form instantly and charge upon
them." These words were echoed by a volley from the sand hills. The
massacre had begun. ^

At the very first discharge of the enemies' muskets, Capt. Wells' band of
Miamis fled precipitately, their chief following.

The whites fought with all the courage and energy of desperation.
Again and again, the attacks of the Pottawatomies were repulsed, with great
losses on both sides. Ensign Ronan, mortally wounded and kneeling on the
sand, loaded and fired with deadly precision until he fell exhausted. Kinzie
and Capt. Wells were fighting like madmen to protect the women and children.
While the whites were charging on a squad of Indians hidden in a ravine,
a young Indian brute climbed into a baggage wagon in which were the chil-
dren of the white families, twelve in number, and slaughtered every one of
them. The number of whites had been reduced to twenty-eight. After hard
fighting near the ravine the little band succeeded in breakingthrough the enemy
and gaining a rising ground not far from the present Oakwoods, or between
Thirty-Fifth and Fortieth streets. The contest now seemed hopeless, and
Lieut. Helm sent Perish Leclere, a half-breed boy in the service of Kinzie,
to propose terms of capitulation. It was stipulated that the lives of survivors
should be spared, and a ransom permitted as soon as possible.

It was then that the tidings of the massacre of the children reached
Capt. Wells. "Is this their game," he cried, "butchering women and
children. Then I will kill too ! "

So saying he started for the Indian camp, where the Indians had left
their squaws and children, pursued closely by Pottawatomies. He laid him-

28 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

self flat on the neck of his horse, loading and firing in that position, as fce
would occasionally turn on his pursuers. At length his horse was killed
under him, and he was seriously wounded. While a couple of friendly
Indians were trying to drag him to a place of safety he was stabbed in the
back and killed. It is said the Indians took out his heart and chopped it into
little pieces. Mrs. Corbin, the soldier's wife, fought like a tigress and
refused to surrender, although safety and kind treatment were promised her,
and was finally cut to pieces. Sergeant Holt finding himself mortally
wounded, gave his sword to his wife, who was on horseback, telling
her to defend herself. She, too, was wounded by Indians, who endeav-
ored to capture her alive. She fought with desperation, and finally
breaking away, fled to the prairies. She was captured, however, but
her bravery saved her life, and, after some months of captivity, was turned
over to her friends. Mrs. Heald, who was wounded, was on the point of
being scalped, when a friendly Indian saved her life. Kinzie escaped and
his family was unmolested during the outbreak. Two-thirds of the evacuating
party were massacred. The remainder were finally returned to freedom.

Of course this event broke up the settlement at Chicago Portage. The
fort was completely destroyed and the homes of the settlers were burned
down. The place remained desolate until 1814, when the Government com-
menced the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn.

The new fort occupied the exact site of the one destroyed, and resembled
it in construction. The government at this time also ordered a survey of the
water-course between Chicago and the Illinois river. John Kinzie and family
returned. The settlement began to fill up for the second time. Communi-
cation was opened with towns and settlements in southern Illinois. The tide
of emigration turned toward the West. The waste places were taken up rap-
idly under the homestead act. Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818.
Chicago began to assume the appearance of a thrifty village, and from that
time on, though interrupted now and'then by dreadful calamities, her course
has been steadily upward and onward. These calamities, as well as all other
events in her history, are noted under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia
of this work.

[Engraved tor The Standard Guide Company.}

THE GRANT STATUE, LINCOLN PARK.

[See " Grant Statue."]

PART II.

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Chicago, Cook County, State of Illinois, United States of America, is the
second city on the American continent in point of population and commerce.
Among the cities of the civilized world, it is only outranked in population by
London, Paris, New York, Vienna and Berlin, in the order named. The U. S.
census, taken in June, 1890, placed the number of inhabitants at 1,098,576.
The school census, taken at the same time, generally believed to be far more
reliable, increased the number to 1,208,669. Since then new districts have
been annexed to the city, and the former ratio of increase has been more
than maintained, so that a conservative estimate of the population of
Chicago, in the summer of 1892, brings the figures up to 1,300,000.

The City of Chicago, incorporated March 4, 1837, comprised ' ' the district
of country in the County of Cook, etc. , known as the east % of the south-
west 1^ of section 33, township 40 north, range 14 east ; also the east J^ of
sections 6, 7, 18 and 19, all of fractional section 3, and of sections 4, 5, 8, 9 and
fractional section 10 (except the southwest fractional J^ thereof , occupied as a
military post, until the same shall become private property), fractional section
15 ; sections 16, 17, 20, 21 and fractional section 22, township 39 north, range
14 east. " Since then there have been twelve extensions of the city limits.

The rapid growth of Chicago has been an enigma to those who have not
intelligently investigated the conditions which have led to it. In reality it
hasonly kept pace with the country of which it is the natural commercial center.
Situated as it is on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in 41 52' N. lat.
and 87 52' W. long., 854 miles from Baltimore, the nearest point on the
Atlantic seaboard, and 2,417 miles from the Pacific ocean, directly on the
highways from East to West and from the Great Northwestern States to the
Atlantic; having all the advantages of a seaport town combined with those of
a great inland feeder, it is not to be wondered at that within the space of half
a century it grew from a mere hamlet to the dimensions of a great metropolis.

In 1837 the population of Chicago was 4,170. Ten years later it was

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

16,859. In 1855 it had grown to 80,000. In 1860 it was 100,206. In 1866 it
was 200,418. In 1870 it was 306,605. In 1880 it was 503,185. In 1886 it was
703,817. In 1889, Hyde Park, Lake, a part of Cicero, Jefferson and Lake
View, outlying towns, which had in fact years before become parts of the
city, were annexed, and the school census of that year gave the population of
the city at 1,066,213.

BANKING.

Chicago in volume of banking business transacted ranks next to New
York, although Boston usually occupies second place in the clearing-house
column which is published by the papers. Boston has fifty-one banks that
clear, while Chicago has but twenty-two, yet the Chicago banks relatively do
more business than the Boston banks. The fact that the clearing-house
figures apparently give Boston a larger business cuts no figure in actual facts.
Chicago really is the second city of the country in financial affairs.

I Clearances for 1891. The following were the monthly totals of clearings
by the associated banks of this city for 1891:

Month.

1891.

1890.

January

$ 315,552,663

$^96,038,598

February

293,2'<25,066

2:3,062,263

333,991,989

304,703,836

April . . .

347,709,049

323,624,385

May

391,093,736

374,969 955

374,708 913

358,607 984

July

362.129,768

350,804,127

August

361,884,577

342,118 026

September

398.157,726

359,984,613

October ..

421,521,165

405,679,992

401,965 054

36i 309 585

December

423,945,524

359,252,540

Total .

$4,456,885,230

$4,093, H.>,904

Total 1889

3 379 925 189

Total 1888

3,163774,463

Total 1887

2,969,216,211

Total 1886

2,604,762,912

Clearances, Comparative. The following shows the bank clearings from
1866 to 1891 inclusive:

1879.... 1,257,756,124.31

1880 1,7~'5,684,894.85

1881 2,249,329,924.73

1882 2,393,437,874.35

1883 " 2,517.371,581.21

1884.' 2,259,680,391.74

1885 2,318,579,003.07

1886.' 2,604,762,912.35

1887 .... 2,969,216,210.60

1888. ' 3,163,774,462.68

1889...! 3,379,925,188.67

1890.. 4,093,145,904.00

1891 4,456,885,230.00

1866 8 453,798,648.11

1867 580,727,331.43

1868 723,293,144.91

1869 734,664,949.91

1870 810,676,036.28

1871 868,936,754.64

1872 993,060,503.47

1873.... 1,047,027,828.33

1874 1,101,347,918.41

1875... 1,212,8]', ,207.54

1876... 1,110,093,6?4.37

1877 1,044,678,475.70

1878... 967,184,093.07

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Condition of State and National Banks. The following tables prepared
from the last statements furnished by the State banks to the Auditor and the
national banks to the Comptroller are matters of interest and pride to every
Chicagoan, and clearly establish the financial precedence of Chicago over all
competitors with the exception of New York.

Deposits subject to check-

$ 58 179 588

29 831,158

$88 000 726

15605907

15 605907

Time and demand certificates

4 604 687

5 118 008

9 722 695

To the credit of banks and bankers-
National banks

50,961,740

4 238 461

55200201

$168 5''8 559

The capital, surplus and undivided profits of the national
banks-
Capital

$21,298,680

9 378 950

Undivided profits

3,116,193

$34 793 823

State banks
Capital

12,327,000

3,869,000

1 8H9 288

18 065 288

fotal ,

$ 52 859 111

There was not a single bank failure in Chicago during the year 1891.
'Since the panic of 1873 there have been fewer bank failures in Chicago than
in any other large American city.

BOARD OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS.

The Chicago Board of Trade is a world -renowned commercial organization.
Itexercisesawiderand a more potential influence over the welfare of mankind
than any other institution of its kind in existence, for it practically regulates
the traffic in breadstuffs the world over. Its transactions are of far more
importance to humanity in general than are those of the Exchange of London,
the Bourse of Paris, or the Stock Exchange of New York. The volume of
business transacted on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade annually is
amazing; the fortunes made and lost within the walls of the great building
every year astonish the world. The membership of the Board of Trade is
about 2,000 nearly all young men, full of the genuine Chicago spirit of
enterprise, pluck and perseverance. Notwithstanding the severe criticisms to
which the methods of the Board have been subjected from time to time, the
commercial honesty and personal integrity of the members are recognized
everywhere. On the Board of Trade there is a code of moral ethics which
can not be violated with impunity. The member who is not known to be

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

commercially honorable, or whose word has once been broken, or who has
been detected in a disreputable transaction, loses caste among his fellows and
is shunned for all time. Men lose fortunes here because they risk them, not
on a game of chance, but in a trial of judgment. The Board of Trade
building is om of the architectural monuments of Chicago. (See "Board of
Trade Building.") The volume of business done on the Chicago Board of
Trade during the year 1891 was largely in excess of any previous year of its
history. The grain and produce business of Chicago is transacted on the
Board of Trade. The following exhibits will give the stranger an idea of the
immensity of the business done:

Barley Receipts and Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts
and shipments of barley in this market during the past twenty-two years:

YEAR.

RECEIVED
BUSHELS.

YEAR.

SHIPPED
BUSHELS.

1870

3335653

1870

2,584,692

1871

4 069 410

1871

2,908,113

1872

2,251,750

1872

5,032,308

1873

4240239

1873

3,366041

1874

4 354 981

1874

3,404,538

1875

3 107,279

1875

1,868,206

1876

4 716 360

1876

2,687 932

1877

4 990,370

1877

4,213,646

1878

5 754 059

1878 ....

3,520 983

1879

4,936,562

1879

3,566,401

1880

5 211,536

1880

4,110,985

1881

5 695 358

1881

3,113 251

18 S 2

6488 140

1882

3,298,252

1883

8 831 899

1883

4,643,011

1884

7,849,829

1884

4,095,500

1885

10,760,127

1885

5,523,003

1886 . .

12,511 953

1886

7,293,190

1887

12,170,402

1887

7,216,580

1888

12,387 526

1888

7,772,351

12,524,538

1889

8,138,109

1890

15,133,971

1890

9,470,221

1891

12.228,480

1891

7 58 I r 8

Exports of wlieat and flour. The exports of wheat and flour in wheat
from all American ports monthly for four years were as follows:

MONTHS.

1891.

1890.

1889.

1888.

January

9,155,588

7,997,354

6,257,194

7,520,860

February

7,791,615

9,376,775

4,586,130

9,321,850

March

10,596,207

10,077,654

5,851,453

8,564,735

April

10,872,949

9,913,515

5,810,731

7 257216

May

10,240,120

8 864 636

6 830 122

6014 621

10,422,769

6,85 7 ,143

6 355,299

6 242 559

J u ly .

13,694,899

7 892 532

7 015 986

7 019 509

25,279,027

9 427 588

11 619,689

11 032046

September

24,655,698

5,418,185

8,192,149

10 029 359

19,610,040

7,571 682

9,363,535

7 759000

November *

20,101,989

7,077,941

8,408,064

5 344 036

December

21,000,000

9,613,685

11,627,50J

7,063450

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Corn Receipts and Shipments: The following were the receipts and ship-
ments of corn at Chicago during the past twenty-two years:

YEAR.

RECEIVED
BUSHELS.

YEAR. -

SHIPPED
BUSHELS.

1870

20,189,775

1870...

17,777 377

1871

41 853 138

1871 .-...

36 716 030

187 -)

47 366,087

1872

47 013 552

1873

38 157 232

1873

36 754 943

1874

35,799,638

1874

32,705 224

1875

28 341,150

1875

26 443 884

1876

48,668,640

1876

45 629 035

1877

47 915 728

1877

46 361 901

1878

63651,518

1878

59 914 200

1879

64,339,311

1879

61 299 376

1880

97,272,844

1880

93 572 934

1881

78,393,395

1881

75,463 213

1882

49,061,775

1882

49 073 609

1883 . .

74,412,319

1883

71,656' 508

1884

59,580,445

1884

53,274 050

1885

62,930,897

1885

58 805 567

1886

62,535,126

1886

56 363'781

1887

51,538,217

1887

50 443 992

1888

74,208 908

1888...

69 522 665

1889

79.920,691

1889

83 860 818

1890.

81,117,251

1890

90 556 139

1891

72,770,304

1891

66 578 300

Flour Receipts and /Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts
and shipments of flour at Chicago during the past twenty -two years :

YEAR.

RECEIPTS.

BBLS.

YEAR.

SHIPMENTS.

BBLS.

1870 ..

1,766,037
1,412,177
1,532,014
1,487,376
2,666,689
2,625,833
2,955,197
2,691,142
3,030,562
3,369,958
3,215,389
4,815,219
4,179,912
4,295,515
4,960,830
5,385.772
4,183,147
6,572,327
6,034,006
4,410,635
4,358,058
4,516,617

1870...

1,705,977
1,287,574
1,361,228
2,303,490
2,306,576
2,285,113
2,6 4,838
2,482,305
2,779,640
3,C 90,540
2,862,737
4,499,743
3,843,067
3,999,441
4,808,884
5,240,199
3.607,232
6,362,580
5,493,212
3.916.454
4,134,f86
4,048,129

1871

1872

1*73

1873

1874 *.

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

1879

1880 ,
1881

1880

1881 . . .

1882

1883

1883..

1884

1885

1886

1886..

1887

1888

1889

1890

1891

1891 ....

Grain Exports. The shipments of grain in transit and export to Canadian
ports during the year 1891 were 3,824,084 bushels of corn; 1,012,547 bushels
of oats; 1,128,918 bushels of wheat; 1,526,015 bushels of rye; total 7,491,600
bushels.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Grain Inspection. The following shows the number of cars, boat-loads,
and bushels of grain inspected on arrival in the city for the twelve months
ending Oct. 31, 1891, and for the previous inspection year, also the out-inspec-
tion for the same periods:

INSPECTED IN

INSPECTED OUT

1891.

1890.

1891.

1890.

Cars, number

277,216
422
27,607,282
15,114,838
66,294,406
73,- ; 99 216
8,119,510
11,042,163

273,956
640
9,122,016
9,33:,784
94,991,620
74,605,342
3,065,129
13,378,080

Winter wheat, bushels..

Spring 1 wheat, bushels. .
Corn bushels

23,127,995
8,048,566
41,218,563
14,161,975
5,573,6(17
2,079,177

4,108,468
4,090,471
57.285,534
16,839,843
1,666,253
1,753,839

Oats, bushels

Rye, bushels

Barley, bushels

Grain Storage Capacity. The following table shows the regular grain
warehouses of the city of Chicago at the present time.

NAME OF ELEVATOR.

PROPRIETORS.

RECEIVE FROM

CAPACITY
BUSHELS.

Central A 1

Central Elevator Co ...
Dole & Co

Chas.Counselman & Co.
Congdon & Co

City of Chicago Grain
Elevators, limited ...

National Elevator &
Dock Co

I.C.R.R
C.B.&Q
C. R. I. & P

1,000,000
1,500,000
1,250,000
800,000
1.500,000
1.800,000
1,200,000

1,250,000
1,000,000
700,000
700,000
400,000
900,000
1,000,1100
800,000
1,500,000
1,000,COO
1,000,000
1,500,000
1,500,000

1,000,000

175,000

1,100,000
500,000

1,500,000

2,000,000
700,000

Central B (

C B & Q. A "I

do B

do C \

do D 1

Rock Island A j-
Rock Island B

C.R. I.&P

C. &N. W

Galena "1

Air Line 1
Fulton.. 1

C. M. &St. P

St. Paul \
City

Union 1

W. St. P. &P...

C. &N. W

Chicago & St Li t

R. R. & Canal

Wabash 1

Chicago Elevator Co.. . .
Chicago & Pacific Ele-

C. M. &St. P

Pacific B >

111. River Elevator Co. .
G. A. Seaverns

Canal
R. R. & Canal

Alton

Alton B
Santa Fe [

G. A. Seaverns
Santa Fe Elevator Co. . .

Armour Elevator Co. . .
Illinois T. &S. Bank...

A. T. & S. Fe R. R

C. M. &St. P. R. R
R. R. & Canal

Armour Elevator

Neeley's Elevator

Total

28,675,000

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

&rain and Produce Receipts and Shipments. Following were the
receipts and shipments of grain and produce for 1891, compared with 1890:

RECEIVED.

SHIPPED.

1891. -

1890.

1891.

1890.

4,516,617
42,931,'458
72,770,304
74,402,413
9,164,198
12,228,480
68,166,240
11,120,138
20,685,354
206,898,960
41,744
105,061,775
2,400
13,970
74,021,945
63,922,939
127,765,048
110,891,894
35,049,664
5,201,633
1,345,573
192,3f8

4,358,058
14,248,770
91,387,754
75,1. -.0,239
3520,608
19,401,489
72,086,100
6,642,905
14,524,233
300,198,241
36,324
109,704,834
2,702
77.985
147,475,267
67,338,590
140,548,850
103,743,421
22,28 1,S 70
4,737,384
1,412,550
170,563

4,048,129
38.990,169
66,578,300
68,772,714
7,572,991
7,858,108
55,148,971
9,990,798
15,750,529
751,684,t-62
1,253,480
877,295,885
138,074
278,553
362,109,099
50,204,235
140,737,620
198,571,824
57,189,777
8 : 0,S63
835,069
28,935

4,134,586
11,975,275
90,574,378
70,768,222
3,280,438
9,470,971
59,213,036
6,594,581
15,395,873
823,801,460
1,767.650
964,134,897
145,897
392,786
471,910,128
53,b29,885
156,6 8,837
199,083,622
39,006,263
724,109
957,310
19,378

Wheat, bushels

Corn, bushels

Oats bushels

Rye, bushels

Grass seed, pounds
Flaxseed, bushels

Broom-corn, pounds
Cured meats, pounds

Dressed beef, pounds
Beef packages

Pork, barrels

Cheese, pounds

Wool, pounds

Coal, tons

Salt, barrels

Hay, tons

Hogs and Cattle Slaughtered in 1890. In Chicago, during 1890, 2,219,312
cattle and 5,733,082 hogs were slaughtered, against, respectively, 1,763,310
and 4,211,766 in the previous year.

Received in 189J.Ther ceipts of hogs in 1891 were over 8,600,000, nearly
a million more than were received in 1890, the previous banner year.

Live Stock Transactions. The following is an exhibit of the business
transacted at the Union Stock Yards, in this city, during the year 1891, as
compared with the transactions of the year 1890:

RECEIPTS FOR 1891.

CATTLE.

CALVES.

HOGS.

SHEEP.

HORSES.

January

274,379

7,490

1,068,260

205,132

818

February

223,4*3

6,012

933,873

175.217

12,198

March

24,886

8,336

g61,902

26.-i,350

11,867

April

201,168

10,403

523,f28

208,i>24

10,153

May.

220,683

13,440

569,115

185,881

9,871

June

235,618

26,782

571,421

167,581

6,926

July ...

288,983

28,292

468,497

169,793

5,213

August

260,765

2i,ai7

394,499

160,399

5,605

September

3a8,223

31,398

456,584

187,545

7,183

October

3T2,:8

26,127

654,999

191,473

8,091

November

290,256

16,971

1,(8,396

140,509

6.209

December

281,237

7.776

1,068,702

155,723

4,063

Total

3,250,3; 9

285,383

8,600,865

2,153,537

94,396

To bring the stock to the yards, 304,706 cars were needed. The abovt
receipts show that Chicago, notwithstanding the establishment of great stock
yards in cities to the west of us, still leads in the live-stock business.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.
RECEIPTS FOR 1890.

CATTLE.

CALVES.

HOGS.

SHEEP.

HORSES.

January

283,356

6,278

807,798

165 973

6261

232,796 >

5,028

563836

153 453

9 398

246,592

6,288

634 086

171 495

12 9'*7

April

259,747

11,131

467 599

191 260

11 459

May

299,090

9,767

537 977

172 82 1

11 037

June

284,037

19,909

601,076

181 406

9020

July ..,

328,2rfO

26,425

612,355

143,958

7,574

August

294,433

21,939

674,207

185 174

8081

September

332,706

24,952

618,337

218,7t,4

8061

October

382,098

21,555

146,344

219 107

7 064

November

263,511

13,125

878,992

163 361

6 019

December

277,684

8,631

821,221

195,844

4625

Total

3,484,280

175,025

7,663,828

2,182,667

101,566

SHIPMENTS FOR 1891.

CATTLE.

CALVES.

HOGS.

SHEEP.

HORSES.

January

93,046

3,944

232,048

88,420

7,379

February

87,980

2,359

328,463

65,866

12,007

March ....

96,258

958

380,893

60,312

10,760

April

70,031

529

292,548

91,135

9,636

May

76,756

394

278,269

67,567

8,747

June

67,943

5,808

254,364

53,239

6,534

July

83,454

5,699

223,712

44,909

4,700

August

88,162

4,826

176,368

43,798

4,865

September

114,480

" 3729

200,097

47.653

6,494

October

109,958

7,735

217,662

25,684

7,434

November

85,760

5,398

179,821

25,774

4,784

December

92,936

2,969

189,869

34,512

3,933

Totals

1,066,264

48,331

2,902,514

688,205

82,773

SHIPMENTS FOR 1890.

CATTLE.

CALVES.

HOGS.

SHEEP.

HORSES.

January .

124315

2 ()62

141 746

68 922

5 635

February

112675

1 469

227 987

68 747

8 872

March

119213

702

211 022

75 474

12335

April

131,249

1 053

143 131

64 639

10,425

May. .

139 888

653

121 903

59 554

10611

June

86,976

5 476

128 841

85 401

8,350

July

107 016

7 457

158 612

40 620

6fc03

August. ... .

100284

10 539

157 6 i:> 3

99 962

7431

September

106,234

11 682

191 797

107,572

7,356

October

108,195

11,018

214 170

96,675

6,402

November

74446

5 531

157 826

63 8H1

5,803

December

85,818

3819

132 022

78,416

4,339

Totals

1,260,309

61 466

1 985 700

929854

94,362

2
O 3

3 H
"

n n D.

3 < {

3 O -

S X O

- p) S.

^ po a

1/3 n

H <

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Produce Receipts and Shipments for Two Tears. The following table
exhibits the receipts and shipments of flour, grain, live stock and produce at
Chicago for the past two years:

RECEIVED .

SHIPPED.

ARTICLES.

1891.

1890.

1891.

1890.

Flour barrels

4,516,617
43,931,^58
72,770,304
74,402,413
9,164,198
12,^28,480
68,166,240
11,120,138
20,685,354
206,898,960
41,744
105,061,775
2,460
13,970
74,021,945
63,932,939
127,765,048
9,901
8,683,195
3,271,585
2,164,464
110,891,894
35,049,664
5,201,633
2,045,418
303,895
1,345,573
192,3(18

4,358,058
14,248,770
91,387,754
75,150,249
3.520,508
19,401,489
72,086,100
6,612,905
14,524,233
200,198,241
36,324
109,704,884
2,702
77,985
147,475,267
67,338,590
110,548,850
14,207
7,6j3,828
3,414,280
2,182,667
103,743,421
22,281,570
4,737,384
1,941 392
515,575
1,412,550.
170,562

4,048,129
38.990,169
('6,578,300
68,772,714
7,572,091
7,858,108
5^,148,971
9,990,798
15,750,529
751,684,^62
1,253,480
877,295,885
138,074
278,553
362,109,199
50,204,235
140,737,620
121,96.
2,967,775
,1,'7',200
693,210
198,571,824
57,189,777
83 ,63
865,949
99,855
835,(9
28,935

4,134,586
11,975,276
90,574,379
70,768,222
3,280,433
9,470,971
59,213,036
6,594,581
15,395,873
823,801,460
1,767,654
964,134,807
145,890
392,786
471,910,128
53,F29,,85
156,6' 8,837
148,859
1,985,700
1,' 60,309
1,252,873
199,083,6 2
39,006,263
724,019
S12.655
108,822
957,310
19,373

Corn, bushels

Oats bushels

Rye, bushels

Barley, bushels

Grass seed, 'pounds ....

Flaxseed, bushels

Broom-corn, pounds
Cured meats, pounds

Dressed beef, pounds
Beef, packages

Pork, barrels
Lard pounds

Cheese, pounds

Butter pounds ....

Drerssed hogs, No

Live hogs, No

Cattle, No

Sheep, No

Hides, pounds

Wool, pounds

Coal, tons

Lumbe r, M

Shingles, M

Salt, barrels

Hay, tons

Railroad Live Stock Transactions. Chicago, during the quarantine year
beginning February 15 and ending November 30, 1891, received 576,993
cattleand 78.383 calves in Texas division, against 540,962 cattle and 65,81 1 calves
in 1890. Receipts the past year were brought in by nine railroads, as follows :
Chicago & Alton, 189,275 cattle, 37,522 calves; Wabash, 129,907 cattle,
18,135 calves; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 105,382 cattle, 11,739 calves;
Santa Fe, 64,08 cattle, 5,814 calves ; Illinois Central, 31,376 cattle, 3,998
calves ; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 28,754 cattle, 141 calves ; Chicago.
Milwaukee* St. Paul, 20,220 cattle, 1,034 calves; Chicago, St. Paul &
Kansas City, 7,643 cattle ; C. & E. I., 350 cattle. Cattle averaged 24.6 and
calves 85 to the car. About 111,000 head of Texas cattle were received out-
side of the quarantine district during 1891.

Combined receipts of Texas and Western range cattle for 1891 were
1,959,530, being about a third of the entire receipts. The number of rangers
was 173,000 larger than in 1890, while the arrivals of native cattle were 418,-
000 smaller than in 1890.

From July 6 to November 20, 1891, the Home Land and Cattle Company
marketed 14,000 Montana-Texas cattle in Chicago that averaged about 1,190
pounds. The first shipment sold at $4.75 and the second lot at $5.25 ; July
27 some sold at $4.40 ; July 29, at $4.30 ; August 5, at $3 60 ; Aug. 10, at
$3.75 ; Aug. 17, at $3.50 ; Sept. 4, at $4.35 ; September 11, at $4.25 ; Sept.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

18, at $3.40 ; Sept. 21, at $3.95, Sept. 28, at $3.10; October 26, at $3.50;
Nov. 2, at $3 ; Nov. 7, at $2.90 ; Nov. 11, at $3.30 ; and the last shipment,
Nov. 20, at $3.20, which gives a general idea of the course of values for
Western rangers during the past season.

Only one lot of Texas cattle sold last April above $5.25. The $5.75
bunch was for some grade-Hereford Texas, averaging 1,060 Ibs

During 1891 Kansas City received 1,272,600 cattle, 76,710 calves, 2, 599,-
200 hogs, 387,000 sheep, and 32,000 horses, showing a decrease of 203,000
cattle, 200 calves, 276,000 hogs, 151,000 sheep, and 5,300 horses, compared
with arrivals for 1890.

South Omaha received 601.600 cattle, 1,538,000 hogs, 175,200 sheep, and
8,960 horses during 1891 ; showing a decrease of 17,200 cattle and 182,000
hogs, and an increase of 19,400 sheep and 3,900 horses, compared with
arrivals for 1890.

Provision Storage Warehouses. The list of regular provision warehouse
is as follows:

TheAllerton Packing Co. ; The Anglo-American Packing Co. ; Armour
& Co.; John Cudahy; Chicago Dock Co.; Cyrus Dupee; H. M. Dupee; Henry
D. Gilbert & Co. ; International Packing Co. ; Jones & Stiles; Hately Brothers;
Thomas J. Lipton; John Morrell & Co., Ltd.;Moran& Healy;MichenerBros.
&Co. ; Swift & Co. ; The Stock Yards Warehouse Co. ; Underwood & Co. ; J. H.
Winterbotham & Co.; The W. H. Silberhorn Co.; The T. E. Wells Co.; The
North American Provision Co.; The Chicago Packing and Provision Co.

Rye Receipts and Shipments. The following were the receipts and ship-
ments of rye in this market for the past twenty -two years.

YEAR

Received,
Bushels.

YEAR.

Received,
Bushels.

YEAR.

Shipped,
Bushels.

YEAR.

Shipped,
Bushels.

1870..

1,093,403

1881.

1,363,552

1870..

913,627

1881.

1,104,452

1871

2,011,788

1882.

1,934,516

1871..

1,325,685

1882.

1,773,148

1872

. 1,129,086

1883.

5,484,259

1872

776,805

1883.

3,838,557

1873.

1,189,464

1884.

6,327,516

1873..

960,613

1884.

4,365,745

1874.

781,181

1885.

1,892,760

1874..

335,077

1885.

1,216,961

1875.

699,583

1886

936,547

1875 . .

310,592

1886.

817,553

1876.

1,447.917

1887.

847,009

1876 . .

1,433,9T6

1887.

690,830

1877.

1,728,865

1888.

2,767,571

1877 .

1,553,374

1888.

1,744,380

1878.

2,490,615

1889.

2,605,984

1878.

2,025,654

1889.

2,801,366

1879.

4,497,340

1890.

3,520.508

1879..

2,234,363

1890.

3,274,382

1880. .

1,869,218

1891.

9,164,198

1880..

1,365,162

1891.

7,572,991

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Speculative Business of the Board. The increase in speculative business
on the board is indicated by the annual reports for the last two years of the
Chicago Board of Trade clearing-house. The monthly and total clearings
and balances for 1891 were as follows :

DATE.

CLEARINGS.

BALANCES.

$ 5,388,70750

$ 1,827,504 54

4,869,450 00

1,761,682 52

11,001,201 50

3,246,496 08

11,955,19625

3,751,432 41

May

1 ',480,938 50

3,763,091 79

9,929,196 25

2,938,934 28

[nlV

8,978,752 59

2,592,51561

13,23x J ,350 (

4,240,611 20

8,202,817 17

2,444,963 09

6,064,626 26

1,911,967 87

5,131,76875

1,810,142 53

December i

5,848,425 00

2,141,486 65

Totals .

$104,083,52967

$32,480,827 57

Total balances for 1890 were reported at $28.190,093.56, against $18,763,-
093.56 in 1889, and $30,153,835.15 for 1888. The clearings in 1890 were
more than $31,000,000 greater than in 1889. The clearings of 1891 exceeded
those of 1890 by over $18,000,000.

CLIMATE OF CHICAGO.

The climate of Chicago is healthful and beautiful, though the
weather sometimes goes to extremes in summer and winter. The air is
cool and bracing through most of the summer, and hot nights are very
rare. Many thoughtful persons attribute the wonderful growth of the city to
the stimulating atmosphere which arouses all the latent energy in the human
system, and makes possible the hard mental and physical labor of the people.
The mean barometric pressure during a period of ten years was discovered
by the United States signal office to have been 29,303 inches ; the mean an-
nual temperature 40. 06, the mean annual precipitation 36.64 inches and the
mean annual humidity of the air 70.9, 100 representing complete saturation.
The maximum annual precipitation averaged about 46 inches during this
period. The highest mean temperature was 51.40, the lowest 45.42. Al-
though the mercury reaches the nineties in the summer at times, and falls
below zero in winter, this is rarely the case. In winter the cold is tempered
by the lake, and extremely severe weather seldom continues longer than a
week at a time.

Mean Temperature. The meau temperature of Chicago for 1891, as ob-
served by the United States Signal office, was as follows : January, 30.2 ;
February, 28.6 ; March, 30.6 ; April, 47.0 ; May, 53.4 ; June, 65.7 ; July,
67.0 ; August, 69.0 ; September, 69.0 ; October, 52.6 ; November, 33.8 ;
December, 35.4.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Excessive Precipitation at Chicago. Statement showing dates of excessive
precipitation at Chicago, from October, 1871, to December, 1891, inclusive,
with the duration and rate of fall :

DATES.

Fall equaling or ex-
ceeding the rate of
1 inch per hour.

Fall of 2.50 inches or
more in twenty-
four hours.

AMOUNT.

DURATION.

AMOUNT.

DURATION

December
September
May
August
September
January
June
October
July
May
July
November
November
March
June
August
August
May
July
July
August
July
July
July
July
September
August

22-23,
28-29,
1-2,
15,
9-10,
18,
8,
19-20,
25-36,
25,
6-7,
11-12,
5-6,
25-26,
1-2,
2-3,
23-24,
28,
3,
31,
2,
3,
12
18-19',
27,
4,
14,

1871

H. M.

2.50
2.70
2.82

H. M.
23 30
18 45
24 00

1872

1873

1875

1.00

1 00

1875

3.50

23 50

1876

1.00
0.84

1 00

1876

1877

2.55
4M4
2.77
3.32
3.38
3.39
3.26
3.34
5.90
2 95

24 00
13 40
23 00
23 30
24 00
24 00
21 f)5
8 (13
24 00
24 00

1878

1879

1881

1883

1884

1885

1888 .

0.75
75
1.00
67
0.28
0.25
1.55
4.02
0.25
1.00

19
23
1 00
33
10
10
35
3 34
10
34

1888

1889

4.02

3 34

1889

189H

COMMERCE OF CHICAGO.

The Commerce of Chicago has grown in volume from a total of $20,000,-
000 in 1850 to a total of $1,459,000,000 in 1891. The increase in the trade of
the city from year to year during the period named is shown by the following
table. The figures in the twentieth line are for the twelve months from
October 11, 1871, to October 11, 1872, the series having been interrupted by
the great tire

YEAR.

IN CURRENCY.

IN GOLD.

YEAR.

IN CURRKNCY.

IN GOLD.

1891

tl,4"9 000,000

$ 1 459 flOO 000

1890

$ 1,380,000.000

gi'sso'ooo'orio

1878

655 000 000

650 000 000

1889

1,177,000,000

1 177 000 OCO

1877 ,'.'.

621\500'000

695 000 000

1888

1,125,000,000

1 125 000 000

1876

652 OOO'OOO

587 000 000

1887

1,103,000,000

1 103 000 OCO

1875

657 000 000

666 000 000

1886

997,000,000

997 000 000

18 H

639000 000

575 000 000

1885

959,000 000

959 OOo'oOO

1873

59(5 000 !

514 000 f(X)

1884

933 000 000

1871 '72

490 000 000

437 000 000

1883

],050,000,'000

i oso'ooo'ooo

1870

439'oOf'oOO

377 000 000

]882

1,045,000,000

1 045 000 000

1869

450 DOO 000

333 ! )0 000

1881

1,015,000,000

1 015 000 000

3868

434 000 000

310 000 000

1880

900,000,000

900 000 000

I860

97 000 000

1879

764,000 000

764 OOt/000

1850

20 000 OCO

20 000 000

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

These figures were prepared by the commercial and financial writers of
The Chicago Tribune, men who have been careful students of the commerce
of Chicago for years, and maybe depended upon implicitly. [See "Bank-
ing" "Board of Trade Transactions," "Manufactures," "Maritime Inter-
ests," etc., in their proper alphabetical order.]

Internal Revenue Receipts. The following shows the total receipts of the
United States Internal Revenue office in this city for each month of 1890 and
1891:

MONTHS.

1890.

189'..

STAMPS SOLD.

January. . . .

February . . .

$ 809,242.21
859,832.51
915,152.48

ft 1,056,140.22
1,021,733.48
1,10 ,497.97

Beer stamps sold

.$2,232,351 31

1,05,998 62

1 160,952.09

Spirit stamps sold

7.709 233 9

1,232,204.52

1 074,941.95

Cigar stamps sold

529,468 11

June

1,047,960 71

1,017,869.22

Snuff stamps sold

12,386.07

July

1.158,308.27
1,161,310.18

974,024.06
953,144.18

Tobacco stamps sold
Cigarette stamps sold

. 413,223.39
1,548 9i

September...
October

1,182, 95.28
l,363,fi'28,64

99t*,898.06
879,726.41

Oleomargarine stamps sold .
Special stamps sold

666,2 3.74
422 480 10

November . . .
December

1,253,194.65
1,311,670.26

878,547 19
1,006,734.54

Totals

$ 13,518,891,33

$12,727,359.99

Lumber Trade of Chicago". The lumber trade in Chicago during 1891
assumed proportions not equaled in any former year. The amount of white
pine lumber consumed during 1891 exceeded by two hundred million feet that
of any previous year. It is estimated that there was consumed in 1891, 100.-
000,000 feet more than in 1890, which is largely due to the consumption of
lumber at the World's Fair, at which a close estimate places the number of
feet to be 50,000,000. The exact receipts of white lumber up to December 19,
1891, were 2,025.817,000 feet ; shingles 295,804.000. The receipts of 1890
were 1,985,135,000 feet of lumber; showing a difference of 180,682,000 in
favor of 1891, while the shingles received in 1890, were 308,875,000 greater
than in 1891, or in round numbers 504,680,000. While the receipts in 1891
were not as large as those in 1888, yet more lumber was handled and sold.

Output of Chicago Breweries. The output of the Chicago breweries for
1891 was 3,000,000 barrels. It was the most prosperous year in the history of
the brewing business of this city.

COUNTY ORGANIZATION.

The government of Cook county, Illinois, is vested in a Board of
County Commissioners, consisting of fourteen members, elected for four
years, half of whom retire biennially. The salaries of these commissioners
amounted to $33,551 for 1892. The presiding officer is elected from their num-

42 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

ber. The Board has the direction and control of all county officers, collects
through the County Treasurer the revenues of the county, and appropriates
money for the maintenances of the courts, jail, insane asylum, poor-house,
county hospital, court-house building, sheriff's office, county clerk's office,
coroner's office, etc., and has general supervision of county highways, bridges,
etc. The County Board is entirely independent of the City Council, although
the jurisdiction of the latter extends over a large portion of the county,
included within the corporate limits :

Cook County Court House. Occupies the entire east half of block,
bounded by Washington, Dearborn, La Salle and Clark sts., in the center of
the business district of the South side, the west half being occupied by the
City Hall. This magnificent pile was erected in 1876-77 at a cost of about
$3,000,000, and is one of the handsomest public buildings in the county. It is
at present four stories in height, and two additional stories are to be added
during the present year at a cost of $275,000. [See "Guide."] In this
building are located the County, Probate and various Circuit and Superior
courts, the Law Library, and all the County offices, except that of the State's
(or prosecuting) attorney which is located in the Criminal Court building,
North side.

Coroners' Inquests. The report of the Coroner of Cook County for the year
1891 contains the following facts: He was called upon to inquire into the deaths
of 1,938 persons. Of that number 399 death certificates were issued showing
that no inquest was necessary. Of the remainder of the deaths, 323 were
caused by the railroads of the county. Ninety-seven of that number were
citizens killed at the dangerous grade crossings; fifty -nine were employes of
the roads and were killed in the performance of duty; twenty-seven were
passengers who met death in wrecks; fifteen fell from moving trains; 122 weie
killed while walking on the tracks; twenty-three in attempting to jump from
a moving train, and one in a manner unknown. Twelve hundred and fifteen
of the cases were males and 284 females; 1,469 were white and only thirty
colored. Most of the victims, 438 were laborers; the next classes represented
being housewives and mechanics, of whom there were 111 each. The causes
of death and the number of victims are as follows: Natural causes, 63;
heart disease, 58; suicide^ 270; drowned, 145; fell from buildings, 59; con-
sumption, 3; exposure, 3, fell from wagon, 40; fell from scaffold, 47; apo-
plexy, 5; poibon accidental, 18; railroad accidents, 323; abortion, 6; infanti-
cide, 8; hemorrhage of lungs,!; fell from stairs, 23; elevator accidents, 24;
street car accidents, 14 grip accidents, 28; convulsions, 8; burns and scalds,
70; old age and debility, 2; asphyxiation, 48; machinery accidents, 51; homi-
cide, 60; shot accidentally, 15; run over by wagon, 37; intemperance, 17;
pneumonia, 6; falling timber, 1; boiler explosion, 10; suffocation, 15; shot
(self defense), 5; sunstroke, 3; fell from horse, 1; kicked by horse, 4; struck
by lightning, 1; burned in private building, 11; manhole explosion, 1; total,
1,499. Of the 270 suicides 198 were married and 72 single; 85 were Ameri-
cans, the Germans coming next with 84. More suicides were committed in
August than in any other month, there being 29, while November had the
smallest number, 17. The favorite mode of taking lif was by poison, and
the favorite poison was morphine, 29 of the 94 poisoning cases being by the
"morphine route." Of the 270 suicides, 41 were adjudged insane, 85 were

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 43

actuated by despondency and 23, so said the jurors, were caused by domestic
infelicity. Two hundred of the cases of suicide were male. Thirteen were
persons between ten and twenty years old, 69 between twenty and thirty
years, 65 between thirty and forty years, 62 between forty and fifty years, 25
between sixty and seventy years, and 8 between seventy and eighty years.
There was one over eighty. Seventy-one persons were held to the grand jury
at inquests.

County Insane Asylum. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago.
Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is a
large and costly structure, surrounded by spacious grounds, far enough
removed from the city to make the location a quiet and healthful one.
Numerous additions in the way of cottage- wards have been made to relieve
the over-crowded condition of the main building. The current expenses of
1891 were: salaries, $44,111.68; supplies, repairs, etc., $112,006.87. During
1891, 516 were admitted, 238 discharged; 364 were transferred to State
Hospitals for the insane ; 127 died. The daily average under treatment in
1891 was 983. In his annual report for 1890 the Superintendent of the Insti-
tution made the following remarkable and cheerful statement regarding the
insane and the prospects of their recovery. "I would here call attention to a
fact, and that is where those that are insane are placed under proper treat-
ment in well-arranged hospitals within the first three months of the inception
of the disease the chances for recovery are ?bout as good as from any serious
bodily ailment. The average of cures when this class of disease i.3 thus treated
will range as high as 60, 65 and even 70 in 100."

County Jail. Situated in the rear of the Criminal Court building,
Michigan st., between Clark st. and Dearborn ave., North Side. Entrance
from Michigan street. Visitors admitted by permission of the sheriff. The
jail, like the Criminal Court building, has long since ceased to rreet the
demands made upon it by the extraordinary growth of the city, and the con-
sequent and natural increase in the number of criminals. It is an old-
fashioned prison, built after the manner of the jails constructed in the'early
years of the present century. It lacks every modern improvement, and will,
doubtless, soon be replaced by a much larger and a better structure. The
jail is connected with the criminal court building by a " bridge of sighs,"
over which the culprits pass for trial and after conviction. Aside from this
entrance, which is never used except by deputy sheriffs and jailers in dis-
charge of their duties, there is but one entrance, and that is up a narrow
flight of steps leading from the open court between the two buildings. At
the head of these steps is a double iron gate, where stands the outer turnkey.
If he admits you, you find yourself in the jail office. On one side, as you
face the prison entrance, is the head-jailer's- room ; on the other, the office
of the jail clerk. Before going farther, you must have a permit. If you
secure it, you are admitted into the "Cage," an iron-bound arrangement
covered with several thicknesses of wire netting, through the meshes of
which you can hardly poke your finger. If you wish to see a prisoner, he is
called, and you must talk to him through this netting. Here it was that the
" Tiger Anarchist " Lingg received from his sweetheart the dynamite cart-
ridge which he exploded in his mouth, killing himself, the day before that
set for his execution. As you look straight in front of you, with your back
to the j tiler's door, you will see the cell in which the suicide occurred. It is

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

on the ground floor. Along the same line of cells the Anarchists were con-
fined. Just above, on the next balcony, is ' ' Murderers' Row," from which a
number of unfortunates have gone forth during the past twenty years to find
the gallows waiting for them on the other side of the cell building. The
cell balconies, just as you see them before you, four in number, run all
around this interior building. At the northeast corner of the cell building,
the gallows is always erected, and here the Anarchists were hanged. [See
" Haymarket Massacre."] There is nothing of interest to be seen inside the
jail, unless you have a morbid desire to witness the pale, hopeless faces of
the prisoners. There are four departments: Men's, Women's Boys' and
Debtors'.

County Poor House. Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. Take
train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is not
remarkable in any sense, save as the home of the most wretched class of
paupers of the county. It was conducted at an expense of $23,397 for
salaries, and $86,419.79 for supplies, repairs, etc., last year. The second
item also includes expenses of the County Poor Farm.

Cost of County Officers. The following were the estimated and actual
receipts of county officers, over and above their own salaries, for 1890:

COUNTY OFFICERS.

Estimated
Receipts
for 5fear.

Actual
Receipts
6 ms. June 1.

County Treasurer

$210,000 00

$ 5,641 15

175,000 00

92,025 92

County Clerk and Clerk County Court

122,000 00

58,432 47

40,000 00

27,000 55

Clerk Circuit Court

55,000 00

32,9aO 70

Clerk Superior Court

40,000 00

20,689 75

Sheriff

25,000 00

14,09" 72

Clerk Criminal Court

1,029 80

Total

$667,000 00

$251,850 00

Detention Hospital for the Insane. New building corner of Wood and
Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogden avenue cable line. The accommoda-
tions for those awaiting action of the court on their sanity are much improved
here.

Expenses of Cook County. Following are the estimated receipts and ex-
penses of Cook county (in which Chicago is situated) for the year 1892. They
are upon a basisof avaluationof taxable property to the amount of $282,676,-
167, of which $223,859,166 is forreal estate, $48,795,740 for personal properly
md $15,021,261 for railroad property, The total amount admits of reccip s
from the tax levy at 75 cents on $100 of $2,121,075.25, of which the amount

ti;

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

o $1,902,071. 25 is available for county purposes,
among the various county institutions as follows :

This Is to be distributed

Institutions, Etc.

Salaries.

Supplies,
Etc.

Hospital

$ 62 756

$130.000

Institutions at Dunning 1

15 580

240,000

Insane Asylum -

55,257

Poor House

23 397

Sheriff's Office

219 340

60,000

Clerk of Criminal Court

29,750

2,000

County Agent .

25 000

90,0

Coroner

19 000

1,000

County Board

33 251

Comptroller

12,720

8,000

Public Service ...

11 230

4,000

State's Attorney .... . .

22,400

5,000

County Attorney

6,160

10,0

Superintendent of Schools

4,100

1.5

Normal School

25,000

li.OOO

County Physician and Detention Hospital

7,580

7,000

County Clerk .

14 500

Treasurer

6,000

Recorder .

12,00)

Clerk Circuit Court

7.500

Clerk Superior Court

7,500

Clerk Probate Court .. . ........

4.500

Election Expenses

50,000

Total...

8624.521

$6 19.500

The total amount of the tax levy is to be appropriated as follows :

Salaries and election expenses $ 624,521.00 I Contingent fund $ 67,475.25

Supplies, repairs, etc 6:9,500,00 | Building purposes 400,000 00

Interest and principal on debt. . . 219,000.00

Miscellaneous purposes 190,575.00 Total $2,121,071.25

The estimated receipts from county officers, over and above the salaries
to be paid out of these receipts, are about as follows :

County treasurer $265,000 ' Clerk Circuit Court 90,000

Recorder 225,000 | Clerk Superior Court 70,000

County Clerk 175,"00

Clerk Probate Court 80,UOO

Clerk Crim;nal Court 2,000

It is proposed to pay out of these resources, which are outside the tax
levy, the following salaries and expenses :

Sheriff 25,000

Total... $932,000

Jurors and witness fees, etc . . $150,000

Judges County and Probate courts 17,000
Judges Circuit and Superior courts 63,000

County treasurer 183,972

Recorder 173,830

County clerk 147,522

Clerk Circuit Court 46,956

Clerk Superior Court 37,000

Clerk Probate Court 48320

Total $867,600

The synopsis of these figures show that if the expenses are kept within
the estimates there ought to be a surplus of $64,400 to the credit of the county
at the end of the present year.

Expenses of Cook County in Detail. The County Hospital will cost only
$192,756 for 1892. The pay-roll contains 141 employes, besides training
school nurses in twelve wards. The salary list is estimated at $62,756, and
the amount required for supplies and repairs" is put at $130,000. The sala-
ries range from $160 to $15 per month.

46 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

It will cost $255,580 to run the office of general superintendent of the
county institutions at Dunning, of which $240,000 is for supplies and $15,580
for the salary list, including twenty-nine employes. The general superintend-
ent gets $208 a month and the stenographers $25 each.

The regular pay-roll of the Insane Asylum is to include forty-two names
outside of the attendants. The estimate provides for eighty-four regular
attendants at $30 a month each, and seventeen extra attendants, when required,
at the same figure. The total salary list is $55,257.

The poorhouse salary list is not half so large. There are sixty -five employes
provided for at an expense of $23,397. In both the asylum and the poorhouse
there is a graduated scale of wages for nurses and attendants, reaching a
maximum of $25 for poorhouse nurses and of $30 for asylum attendants, after
six months' service.

The sheriff's office next receives attention. There are 177 employes said
to be needed to run thisoffice, at acos of $196,740. The chief deputy receives
$208 a month and the chief clerk and jailer $166 each. Twenty-four deputies,
nineteen at $150 and five county deputies at $125 a month, draw $41,700
this year, while twenty-five bailiffs of the Criminal Court and thirty-eight
bailiffs of the other courts, at $100 a month each, will receive $75,000 by
next New Year's. Additional help allowed by the court for this year brings
the total salary list of the Sheriff's office up to $219,340. The supplies for
the Court-House, Jail and Criminal Court Building will, it is estimated,
cost $60,000.

The office of Clerk of the Criminal Court will cost $2,000 for supplies
and repairs and $29,750 for salaries of twenty-two men.

The salary list of the County Agent's office is placed at $25,000, and the
amount needed for repairs and supplies at $90,000. The Coroner's salary
list is made $19,000, and the supply and repair account $1,000.

The County Board salary list is fixed at $33,251. For the County
Comptroller's office the salary list is $12,720, and supplies for Comptroller and
County Board $8,000. The office of Superintendent of Public Si-rvice will
cost $11,230 in salaries and $4,000 for supplies, repairs and adveitisiog. The
State's- Attorney's office salary list is $22,400, divided am- ng the State's-
Attorney, five assistants and a stenographer. The sum of $5,000 is provided
for supplies.

The salary list of the County Attorney's office is placed at $6,160 and the
supply and repair account at $10,000.

For the County Superintendent of School's office $4,100 is allowed for
salaries and $1,500 for repairs. The Normal School salary list is put at
$25,000 and supplies and repairs, $11,000. For County Physician and Deten-
tion Hospital $7,580 is expected to be needed in salaries and 7,000 in supplies
and repairs.

Judiciary of Cook County. There is one county, one probate and eighteen
judges of the Superior and Circuit Courts. For cost of same see " Expenses
of Cook County."

Taxable Valuation of Cook County Property. The total valuation of all
the taxable property in Cook County is $282,676,167. The total real estate
valuation aggregates $223,859,166 ; personal property, $48,795,740 ; railroad
property, $15,021,261.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 47

ELEEMOSYNARY SUPPORT.

The city of Chicago supports entire or aids in the maintenance of several
eleemosynary institutions, charities and pension funds, as follows:

Erring Woman's Refuge for Reform. Receives a percentage of certain
fines imposed in police courts, according to act of the general assembly,
approved March 31, 1869.

Firemen's Pension Fund. This fund receives 1 per centum of all reve-
nues collected or received frora Moenses issued during each year, according to
an act of the general assembly , approved May 13, 1887, in force July 1, 1887,

House of the Good Shepherd. This institution also receives a per centum
of certain fines imposed by the police courts, according to act of the general
assembly, approved March 31, 1869.

Illinois Humane Society. This society is entitled to fines collected
through the agency of the organization, for the prevention of cruelty to
animals, according to an act of the general assembly, approved June 28,
1885, in force July 1, 1885.

Police Pension Fund. This fund receives 2 per centum of all moneys
received from licenses for saloons or dramshops, % of dog tax, % of all mon-
eys received for licenses granted pawnshops, % of all moneys received for
licenses granted second-hand dealers, % of all moneys received from mon-
eys for licenses granted junk dealers; all moneys collected for fees for car-
rying concealed weapons; % of all costs collected for violation of city ordi-
nances, according to an act of the general assembly, approved April 29, 1887;
in force July 1, 1887.

Washingtonian Home. This institution receives a per centum of moneys
collected for saloon licenses, not to exceed $20,000 per annum, according to
act of the general assembly, approved Februarv 16, 1867, amended by an act
in force July 1, 1883.

FEDERAL REPRESENTATION.

The civil authority and functions of the Federal government are repre-
sented in Chicago by the United States courts Circuit (Walter Q. Gresham,
judge) and District (H. W. Blodgett, judge), and their officers, including the
U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Marshal and U. S. Commissioners; by the Col-
lector of Customs, the Collector of Internal Revenue, the U. S. Sub-Treasurer
and minor officers.

United States Courts. The United States Courts are two in number, the
Circuit (Judge Walter Q. Gresham), the District (H. W. Blodgett). An Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States sits here also on stated
occasions. The courts are located in the post-office (or government) building;
clerk, W. H. Bradley. The United Stales Court of Claims is represented by
U. S. Comnnissioner Hoyne, room 53 post-office building, and Simeon W.
King, M. E. Church block.

V. 8. Officers in Chicago. The United States officers in Chicago, aside
from the postmaster, are the Collector of Customs, Collector of Internal
Revenue, U. S. Sub-treasurer, Special Agent U. S. Treasury, U. S.
Appraiser, U. S. District Attorney, U. S. Engineer, U. S. Inspector of Life-
saving Stations. U. S. Inspector of Steam-vessels, Surgeon of U. S. Marine

48 CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Hospital, U. 8. Marshal, tJ. S. Pension Agent, Superintendent of U. S. Secret
Service, U. S. Signal Officer and U. S. Lighthouse Inspector. The offices of
all of these, excepting the appraiser's (210 Market street) and the U. S. Signal
offices (seventeenth floor of the Auditorium building), arelocated in the post-
office building.

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

The fire department of Chicago is generally acknowledged to be the best
equipped and most efficient in the United States, which means that it is the best
equipped and most efficient in the world, for the firemen of this country are
called upon to be prepared for and to meet emergencies which do not rise in
the cities of Europe. The Chicago corps have been brought up to its present
high standard of discipline and efficiency by the two chief marshals who
have had charge of the department since the great fire of 1871 Benner and
Swenie. The former retired from the service about ten years ago, after re-
organizing the department upon a basis which has served as a foundation for
the growth and character it has since attained. Marshal Swenie was Mr.
Benner's chief assistant, and was largely instrumental in suggesting and
carrying out many of the reforms, ideas and improvements that characterized
the latter's administration. Since the succession of Marshal Swenie the
department has quadrupled its machinery and its forces. In Mr. Benner's
time Chicago was a city covering an area of less than forty square miles,
with a population of about 500,000. Now the city covers an area of 181
square miles and a population of 1,250,000. The following information will
give the visitor an idea of the strength and workings of the fire department:

Alarmsand Losses, 1S91. There were4,570 fire alarmsduriug 1891 against
3733 in 1890, an increase of 837. The total value of property involved was
$115,823,005, while in 1890 it was $95,147,058, being an increase of $20,675,-
947. The total loss in 1891 was $3,157,348, while in 1890 it was $2,047,736, an
increase over 1890 of $1,109,612. The total insurance was $59,526,210 in 1891,
and in 1890 $44,083,330, an increase of $15,442,880 in favor of 1891.

City Telegraph and Electric Lights. The police and fire telegraph and
telephone system and the electric lighting service are in charge of the city
electrician.

Equipment and Force. The fire department of Chicago (1892) consists
of 970 men and officers, 72 steam fire engines, 22 chemical fire engines ,99 hose
carts, 28 hook and ladders trucks, 1 water tower, 3 fire boats (for river and
harbor service, and for work along the river sides on buildings, warehouses,
lumber yards, etc., adjacent), 99 apparatus stations, 421 horses, and an
extensive and well equipped repair shop. As an auxiliary to the department
there are 1,935 stations, provided with necessary instruments and several
thousand miles of wire, by which alarm of fire may be communicated.

Headquarters and Organization. The headquarters of the Chicago Fire
Department are ^located in the City Hall. Following is the organization :

g O
O U

J t/S

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 49

Fire Marshal and Chief of Brigade, D. J. Swenie ; First Assistant Fire Mar-
shal and Department Inspector, William H. Musham ; Second Assistant
Fire Marshal, John H. Gale ; Department Secretary, Charles S. Petrie ;
Fire Inspector, Michael W. Conway ; Chiefs of Battalions : 1st, Patrick
O'Malley ; 3d, Frederick I. Ries ; 3d, Peter Schnur ; 4th, Paul F. A. Pundt ;
5th, John Campion ; 6th, Joseph C. Pazen ; 7th, James Heaney ; 8th, Leo.
Meyers ; 9th, William H. Townsend ; 10th, Nicholas Dubach ; llth, John
Fitzgerald ; 12th, Edward W. Murphy ; 13th, Frederick J. Gabriel. Each
Engine and Hook and Ladder Company is commanded by a Captain and
Lieutenant, and the officers and men of the 99 apparatus stations are divided
into 13 Batalions, under command of the Chiefs mentioned above. [See
"Municipal Government " for salaries.]

Insurance Patrol. Established in 1871, by the underwriters of the city,
for the protection of property, merchandise, etc. and the recovery of sal-
vage from the interior of burning buildings. There are five Fire Patrol sta-
tions, as follows: No. 1, 176 Monroe St.. Captain George Furnald, 16 men;
No. 2, 210 Peoria St., West Side, Captain Charles W. O'Neill, 10 men; No. 3,
Dearborn and Twenty-third sts., Captain Frederick Harbunm 7 men; No. 4,
Forty -third street and Center ave., Captain Frank Whitmore, 6 men; No. 5,
now organizing, will be located at No. 60 Whiting St., with a force of 7 men,
E. T. Shepard, Superintendent. Patrol Station No. 1 is located on Monroe
St., between La Salle street and Fifth ave., and is the most accessible to visi-
tors. The horses and men are trained to perfection and the operation of
responding to sa alarm is one of the most interesting things to be seen in
Chicago. The Patrol Service, or Salvage Corps, are generally first at a fire,
employing fast horses and light equipment, and they save a vast amount of
property annually.

Location of Stations. The Engine Houses near the centre of the city, and
within easy access of visitors, are located as follows: No. 1, 271 Fifth ave..,
wholesale district; No. 10. 82 Pacific ave., near Board of Trade and Van
Buren St. depot: No. 13, 19 Dearborn St., near bridge; No. 32, foot of Mon-
roe St., No. 37 (river fire boat), foot of La Salle st.; No. 40, 83 South Frank-
lin St., near Telephone building. The visitor, should an alarm happen to be
signalled, will be interested in the perfect training and discipline exhibited
by men and horses.

Pension Fund. Firemen are retired on half-pay after continuous service
of 20 years, the fund for this purpose beirg established and maintained by
percentage of certain municipal revenues. [See Eleemosynary Support.]
The firemen also have a Benevolent Society which cares for disabled mem-
bers, and the widows and orphans of members. It is in a prosperous
condition.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Annexation. On the 28th of June, 1889, the city embraced about forty-
four square miles of territory. On the day following, by vote of the people,
the city of Lake View and the towns of Hyde Park, Lake, Jefferson and
Cicero, aggregating 128.24 square miles of territory and about 220,000 people,
were annexed to and became part of Chicago, thus constituting one great

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

metropolis, extending twenty-four miles from north to south, and from four
and one-half to ten and one-half miles firm east to west. The validity of
the proceedings resulting in the annexation was confirmed by the Supreme
Court, October 29, 1889. By this extraordinary consolidation, six independ-
ent municipal corporations each having a legislative and executive depart-
ment of government, each controlled and operated under more or less
different systems and methods of conducting public affairs were merged
into one municipality, under the authority and control of one city govern-
ment. During the year 1890, there were annexed to the city four
suburbs South Englewood, area, 292 square miles, population 8,000;
Gano, 1.80 square miles, population 2,600; Washington Heights, 2.8 square
miles, population 3,315; West Roseland, 1.80 square miles, population 792;
making a total annexation for the year of 9.32 square miles, withapopu-
lation of 9,900. Fernwood was also added.

Area of Chicago. Chicago has grown from 2.55 square miles in 1835 to
181.70 square miles in 1891, as follows:

SQUARK MILES.

February 11, 1835, original town

8.15 mak ng
3.33 making
8 9 ) making

2.65
10.7J
14.('3
17.93
24.41
35.79
36.79
43.94
172.18
174.18
177.16
179.96
181.70

March 4, 1837, there was added

February 16, 184", there was added

February 12, 1853, there was added

February 13, 1863, there was added.

6.48 making
11.35 making
1.00 making
7.15 making
128.24 making
2.00 making
?.98 making
2.80 making
1.80 making

February 27 1864, there was added

May 16, 1887, there was added

November and December 5, 1887, thei e was added

July 9 1889 there was added

April 16, 1890 village of G:<no added

1890 South Englewood added

1890, Washington Heights

189:>. West Ko.-eland . . .

Of the present area 5.14 square miles are water, 176.56 land,
is divided into 34 wards, each covering a territory as follows:

First ward 1.75 square miles

Second ward 1.5 square miles

Third ward 1.5 square miles

Fourth ward 1.75 square miles

Fifth ward 1.5 square miles

Sixth ward 2.75 square miles

Seventh ward 0.75 square mile

Eighth ward 0.75 square mile

Ninth ward 1.5 square miles

Tenth ward 1.5 square miles

Eleventh ward 1.25 square miles

Twelfth ward 3.00 square miles

Thirteenth ward 3.00 square miles

Fourteenth ward 3.00 square miles

Fifteenth ward 3.25 square miles

Sixteenth ward 0.75 square mile

Seventeenth ward 0.75 square mile

The city

Eighteenth ward 0.75 square mile

Nineteenth ward 0.75 square mile

Twentieth ward 1 .00 square mile

Twenty-first ward. . . . 1.00 square mile
Twenty-second ward.. 0.75 square mile

Twenty-third ward 0.75 square mile

Twenty -fourth ward. .1.00 square mile

Twenty-fifth ward 5.00 square miles

Twenty-sixth ward. . . 5.75 square miles
Twenty-seventh ward. 29.5 square miles
Twenty-eighth ward. ..7.00 square miles
Twenty-ninth ward 6.00 square miles

Thirtieth ward 12.00 square miles

Thirty-first ward 18.00 square miles

Thirty-second ward . . .3.75 square miles

Thirty-third ward 28.5 square miles

Thirty-fourth ward. ..2V.OO square miles

CHICAGO AS IT JS. 51

Bridewell, or House of Correction. This is the city prison and is generally
known as the Bridewell, a name which it derived from the Bridewell of Dub-
lin, Ireland, to which it bears a similarity in many respects. The manage-
ment is vested in a superintendent, appointed by the mayor. The expendi-
tures for salaries and maintenance and construction are about $125, 000 per
annum; the receipts from police court fines, brick made by inmates inside the
walls, labor of prisoners, laundry work for police department, etc., amounts
to about $60,000 per annum. The number of prisoners committed to the
Bridewell annually is about 9,000, of whom about seven-eighths are male.
The average number of prisoners confined is about 760 males and 40 females.
The cost of the prison to the city of Chicago, as it stands to-day, is about
$1,500,000. The prisoners are employed in brick-making and other indus-
tries. County prisoners are also sent here, for whose support the city is paid
about 30 cents per capita daily. The Bridewell is situated at South Califor-
nia avenue, near West Twenty-sixth-street, West Side, and may be reached
by Blue Island Avenue cars. Mark L. Crawford is the superintendent.

Bridges and Viaducts. As the Chicago river is navigable for lake vessels,
and it, with its branches, intersects the heart of the city, a large number of
bridges have been required. No less than forty-five now span this small
stream. Nearly all are swinging bridges, and many of them are operated by
steam. Steel construction has been employed in the bridges most recently
erected. Among these, the Adams street bridge is a notable structure. It is
a 4-track bridge, 259 feet long on center truss, and 57 feet in width. Thia
bridge is two feet three inches lower at the east end than at the west end, and,
at the same time is reversible, the turn-table track being set on a grade of one
in 115. Some doubts were expressed as to its feasibility when the plan was
proposed, but the city engineers say that no bridge in the city works better
than this one. The Rush street draw is one of the longest in the world. The
Lake, Wells and Jackson street bridges are handsome structures. The present
bridge at Madison street is to be moved to Washington street, and one of the
finest bridges in the city erected in its place, which will probably be com-
pleted this year.

The railroads entering the city do so in but few instances above or below
the street l^vel. Grade-crossings are the rule. Engineers have long sought
to remedy this state of affairs, which will probably be accomplished in time;
but, meanwhile, some relier is being provided at the most dangerous crossings
by the erection of viaducts. There are thirty-five of these structures in the
city, the longest and finest of which is on Twelfth street, extending from
Clark street to Wabash avenue, crossing the tracks of the Atchison, Topeka
and Santa Fe Railroad Company, and costing $209,736.

Geographical Center of Chicago. The geographical center of the present
city of Chicago is located at the intersection of Ashland avenue and Thirty-
ninth street.

Health of the City. There was not a single case of small-pox in Chicago
during the year 1891. The physician of the Health Department during that
period vaccinated 20,809 persons. The vital statistics for 1890 were based
upon a population of 1,100,000. During the present year they are based
upon a population of 1,250,000. Said Health Commissioner Ware, at the
beginning of 1892 : "The health of the city has been good and very satisfac.

52 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

tory to us. Our mortality for every month of the year was remarkably low."
The report of the Health Department for 1891 shows that there were 27,754
deaths In the city during the year, making a percentage, based upon a popula-
tion of 1,250,000, of 22.20 per 1,000. Of the deaths 12,801 were children under
five years of age, a percentage of 46.29 ; and 5 over one hundred years. The
grippe directly caused but 336 deaths, but pneumonia and other complica-
tions with the deadly influenza swelled the number of victims of this class of
diseases. Pneumonia carried off 2,898 ; consumption 2.120 ; bronchitis, 1,495;
typhoid fever, 1,997 ; accidents, 1,158 ; diphtheria, 958 ; croup, 400 ; scarlet
fever, 499; malarial fever, 143; whooping cough, 194; suicide, 246;
delirium tremens, 148 ; hydrophobia, 4. The total deaths from tubercular
diseases was 2,421.

Lake and River Frontage. The city has a frontage on Lake Michigan of
twenty-two miles and a river frontage of about fifty-eight miles, twenty-
two and one-half miles of which are navigable.

Lakes and Rivers. There are three lakes within the present city limits
containing an area of 4,095.6 acres, as follows: Calumet Lake 3122 acres, Hyde
Lake 330.8 acres, the portion of Wolf Lake lying within the city limits 642.8
acres. Of these Calumet and Wolf are navigable. There are two rivers within
the corporate limits; the Chicago river, with north and south branches, which
divide the city into districts known, respectively, as the North, South and
West " Divisions" or " Sides" and the Calumet river, with Big and Little
Calumet rivers, which penetrate the extreme southern part of the city.

Length and Width of Chicago. The distance between north Seventy -first
street, being the northern city limits, and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth
street, being the southern city limits, is twenty-four miles. The city at its
broadest point is 10.5 miles in width. State street has the greatest extension
north and south, running from North avenue to the southern city limits,
eighteen miles; Eighty-seventh the greatest western extension, running the
entire width of the city.

Marriage Licenses. The number of licenses issued in Chicago in 1891 was
15,400, or nearly 1,200 more than issued in the previous year, when 12,850
was considered a high number. In January, 1,258 licenses were issued; Feb-
ruary showed 927 licenses; March, 893; April, 1,369; May, 1,284; June, 1,441;
July, 1085; August, 1,206; September, 1,532; October, 1,613; November, 1,513;
December, 1,250. The rather delicate and sometimes embarrassing question
regarding the ages of the contracting parties was answered with all the num-
bers from 14 to 86. In twenty instances the bride had just passed 14 years,
while the ages of the grooms ranged between 17 and 20 years. During the
summer months the number of applicants under the age of majority reached
300. At an average of two times a day the "pa" or the " ma" had to give
their consent. Never in the history of Chicago have so many people in their
advanced age re-entered the connubial life as in the latter part of 1891, the
records showing nearly 100 couples respectively between 55-65 and 50-60.
The oldest man was 86 and is still alive; next comes one at 82, manied a few
days ago, and finally a comparatively young fellow of 77. The oldest maid
was 68 V while the oldest widow was 62.

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Mileage of Streets. The annexation of Gano, Washington Heights, West
Roseland and part of Calumet, has extended the number of miles of streets in
Chicago to 2,235.71, divided as follows:

IMPROVED.

UNIMPROVED

Former City ot Chicago

438 28

33080

Hyde Park

125 07

416 87

40 09

298 00

Like View

56 05

75 48

Jefferson

24?.28

Cicero

84.79

Gano, Washington Heights, etc

119 00

Totals

668.49

1,567 22

Morgue. Situated in the rear of the County Hospital, near the Polk
street side. Take Harrison street or Ogden avenue car. Ten bodies, on an
average, are picked up in the streets of Chicago every day. Besides these,
morgue accommodations are necessary for many of those who die in" the
county and other hospitals, police stations, etc. The inside measures 40x46J^
feet, and the entire affair, with offices, etc., cost about $18,000. All bodies
are disinfected and frozen by the carbolic acid process before being placed on
view.

Natural Gas Supply. Natural gas for fuel purposes will be conveyed to
and used in Chicago extensively before the close of 1892.

Poverty in C7w'c#y3. Notwithstanding the great prosperity of the people
as a whole, poverty is to be found in Chicago as well as elsewhere. Mu-
nicipal charity in Chicago has risen to the dignity of an applied science.
Through the refuse of alleys, up the trembling stairs of tenements, and into
the hovels of want and misery a force of men and women daily goes,
carrying food for the hungry, warm clothing for the naked, coals for the
needy, and medicine for the sick. From November until April, Cook
County gives away 200 sacks of flour, forty pairs of shoes, and fifty tons of
coal every day. Relief of the deserving poor involves not alone the dis-
covery and proper aid of the unfortunates, but is attended with a constant
warfare against the idle and vicious. Agents of the Visitation and Aid
society, the Relief and Aid society, the German Aid society, the Hebrew Aid
society, and St. Vincentde Paul's daily seek the sick and needy, but their work
is only of a semi-public nature. From the office of the county agent, at 36
West Madison street, there are sent twenty-seven men and three women, who
investigate the condition of those reported to be in want and who, by reason
of their familiarity with neighborhoods and individuals, are able to insure a
wise bestowal of public charity.

Revenues and Disbursements of the City for 1801. The following shows
in detail the revenues and disbursements of the city of Chicago for the year
ending December 31, 1891, as reported by the city treasurer. RECEIPTS:
balance January 1, 1891, $567,555; general taxes,1890," $9,199, 796; water fund,
$4,456,286; sewerage fund, 1891, $171,733; department publishing works'
1891, $692,897; school tax fund, 1890, $15,000; school tax fund, 1891, "

54 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

643; street lamp fund, 1891, $97,855; first district police court, $27,692; sec-
ond district police court, $7,1. JJ- third district police court, $11,093; fourth
district police court, $6,247; fiftli district police court, $5,943; sixth district
police court, $5,131; seventh district police court, $4,343; eighth district
police court, $3,225; ninth district police court, $2,828; tenth district police
court, $2,924; special assessments and deposit fund, $6,407,394; school fund,
'$2,400,440; house of correction, 1891, $01,812; city markets, 4,792; pounds,
$3,556; wharfing interests, $1,219; Jonathan Burr fund, $1,722; general
fund, 1891, $1,474,805; licenses, $3,882,453; rents, $27,495; refunding loan
account, $690,700; police department, fund 1891, $31,294; fire department
fund, 1891, $6,755; public library fund, 1891, $6,928; health department fund,
1891, $161; contingent fund, 1891, $3; fees, $1,550; Harrison and Tree fund,
$48; tax deeds in 1873, $63; special tax purchases in 1878, $6; tax purchases
in 1875, $34; tax purchases in 1887, $70; forfeitures, 1889 and prior, $259;
police life and health insurance fund, $200 $29,550,560, tolal, $30,118,115.
DISBURSEMENTS: Special assessments and deposit fund, $6,214,880; water
fund, $3,888,043- school fund, $2,399,220; general fund, 1889, $10,264; gen-
eral fund, 1890, $5,222; general fund 189i, $1,932,960; fire fund, 1890, $17,950;
fire fund, 1891, $1,380,109; police fund, 1890, $2,511; police fund, 1891,
$2,621,182'; house of correction, 1890, $653; house of correction, 1891, $92,-
504; health department, 1890, $3,361; healthdepartment 1891, $454,276; school
tax, 1890, $23,479; school tax, 1891, $4,264,016; public library, 1890, $2,499;
public library, 1891, $100,500; street lamps, 1890, $3,841; street lamps, 1891,
$761,223; sewerage, 1890, $17,864; sewerage, 1891, $546,874; department of
public works, 1890,409,203; department of public works, 1891, $2,319,471;
contingent, 1890, $583, contingent, 1891, 17,239, Jonathan Burr, $1,726;
police life and health, $421; interest account, 1891, $546,438; Chicago and
south side "L" railway, $100,000; Town of Lake, special, $1,052. Town of
Lake, general, $117; Hyde Park, special, $2,540; Hyde Park, general, $52;
Lake View, special, $672; Lake View, general, $29; Jefferson, special, $26;
general sinking fund, $50; school tax annexed territory, $27. Total, $28,-
149,393; balance in treasury December 31, 1891, $1,968,722. Total, $30,118,-
115.

Tenement House and Factory Inspection. During 1891 the Tenement
House and Factory Inspection Department examined 8,731 new buildings
in course of construction; 15,577 buildings and houses, containing 95,261 per-
sons; 19,429 workshops with 404,760 employes; served 9,702 notices; abated
9,134 nuisances; 2,162 cases of defective plumbing, and 711 cases of defective
drainage.

Topography of Chicago. The city of Chicago is level but not flat. There
are considerable rises here and there, the most noticeable being the ridge
which traverses the southern portion, west of Hyde Park, to the Indiana line.
All difficulties in the way of sewering have been overcome long since by skill-
ful engineering. The Chicago river which originally emptied into, now flows
out of the lake. The sewerage is carried by the river, in great part, to a canal
which conducts it through the interior. It finally finds its way into the Illi-
nois and Mississippi rivers. The drainage of the city is an interesting subject,
and the plans for future work in this connection are of great magnitude and
involve the expenditure of many millions. [See "Ship and Drainage
Canals," with map.]

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Uniting Gity and County. The question of unitfng the city of Chicago
and the county of Cook under one government, is being seriously considered
at present. A constitutional amendment with this end in view will probably
be submitted to a vote of the people at the next general election in 1892.

Water Supply. The city, at present, is supplied with 22 pumping engines
of various types and power, representing a total engine capacity for delivering
daily 260.000,000 gallons of water. From measurements obtained, there was
pumped during the year a daily average of over 154,000,000 gallons, which is
nearly 60 per cent, of the total capacity of the pumping power of the engines
now in use. [See " Water Works."]

JOBBING AND WHOLESALE BUSINESS.

The jobbing and wholesale business of Chicago amounted to $517,166,000
in 1891. Of this, the dry goods trade alone amounted to $98,416,000 or
nearly one-fifth. The following statement exhibits the business transacted in
the various lines of trade, compared with previous years:

1891.

1890.

Dry Goods and Carpets ,

8 68.416,000

$93,730,000

Groceries ....

56,iOO,000

56,700,000

Lumber

39,000,OdO

36,900,000

Manufactured Iron

1 7. Oft V 00

15,580,0(

Clothing .

23,600,1 00

21,500000

Boots and Shoes

27,v 0,OCO

25,900,000

Drugs and Chemicals

7,600,000

7,100,000

Crockery and Glassware

6,000.0(0

5,500,000

Hats and Caps

8,000,000

7,000,000

Millinery . ...

7,000,000

7,000 (X

Tobacco and Cigars

11, 500,' 00

10,850,000

Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters and Salmon . . .

5,500,(>CO

5,460,000

Oils

4/00,000

4,000,000

Dried Fruits

4,300,' 00

4.300.000

Building Materials

4,500,000

4,4fi8,000

Furs ,

1.750,000

I,500,0f0

Carriages

2,000,000

1,850,000

Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments

7,800,000

7,300,000

Music-books and Sheet Music

625,0(10

575,000

Books, Stationery and Wall Paper . . .

22 000,000

22,000,( )

Paper

2S,()i 0,OCO

25,500000

Paper Stock

5,500,000

5,000,000

Pig Iron

20,500,(00

20,035,000

Coal

26,000,' 00

25,d75,0<

Hardware and Cutlery

l'J,225,000

17,500,000

Wooden and Willow Ware

3/00,000

3 t6J (00

Liquors

15.000,0(0

13 8( 000

.Tewelrv, Watches and Diamonds

25,000,0'

20,400,000

Leather and Finding's

2.750,000

2,520,000

Pig Lead and Copper

6,000 000

6,666,00:)

Iron Ore

4,500.' (X)

4,00(1,000

Miscellaneous

6,0i 0,000

5,035,000

Totals

S")17 C6 000

8186,600,000

Total in 190..
Total in 1389..

$486,600,001
. 418,165,000

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Export Trade of Chicago. The following is the merchandise entered for
export, with benefit of drawback, at the port of Chicago during the year 1891.

PACKAGES AND CONTENTS

QUANTITY.

ARTICLES AND QUANTITIES
ENTITLED TO DRAWBACK.

AMO'NT OF
DRAWB'K.

89 \676 packages canned meats.
1 7,446 packages salted meats
16,075 baled binder twine

54,877,719 Ibs
21,224,44 i Ibs
1,128,468 Ibs

Tinplate 8,735,992 Ibs

$89,93!. 81
4,0 .'0.45
7,693.76

$101 ,64-,. 02

Salt 4,808,475 Ibs

Hemp 1,128,468 Ibs

Total

Import Trade of Chicago. Following is a list of the merchandise imported
to Chicago during the year 1891.

COMMODITIES.

QUANTITIES.

COMMODITIES.

QUANTITIES.

Ale, beer, and porter, pkgs

4,284

Lemons, pkgs

15 010

Art material, pkgs

22 "i

Lumber, m

16.S69

Anvils No

1,643

Machinery, pkgs

255

Bans and peas, bag's. . . .

2,411

Macaroni, pKgd.

6,4 i 9

Berries, brls

2,384

Marble and granite, pkgs. . .

2,215

Bedsteads, pkgs ...

6,873

Marble Slabs, No

22,641

Uicycles, pkgs

510

Mf . Metal, cases

2,082

Bittors, cases

Millinery, cases

991

Bleaching powder, pkgs

673

Musical goods, cases

2,345

600

Nuts, pkgs

6 i>32

Buttles, empty, pkgs

1,001

Olive oil, pkgs

2,246

Brandy, liquors, pkgs.

5,739

Oxide of iron, tons.

tsjt

Bricks, casks . . ...

7.118

Paints and color ^, pkgs

2,018

Caustic soda pko's

3,968

Paintings cases

i55

Canned goods, csises

6,150

Paper, pkgs.

1,266

Cement, pkgs

17,668

Phosphate, cars

Champagne, cases

2,978

Pickles, pkgs

3,553

Cheese, pkgs

974

Posts, Cedar, No

258, ?

China, pkgs

1,765

Plants and bulbs, cases. . . .

963

Cocoanut oil, pipes

170

Potash, pkgs

472

Cocoa, pkgs

8,172

Prunes, pkgs

4,420

Cigars, cases

1,906

Raisins, pkgs.

27,940

Cotfee, bags

5,289

Rice, bags

19,906

Corkwood, bales

3,679

Salt sacks . .

149,4S1

Currants, pkgs

2,000

Sausage Csgs., pkgs

326

Cutlery, pkgs

119

2,0^8

Dry goods, pkgs

17,649

Skins, pkgs

440

Druggist sundries, pkgs

1,500

Soda Ash, pkgs

2,346

Ext. of meat, cases

190

Stat'ry and Brnzs, pkgs . .

2^3

Effects, pkgs , .

663

Smokers articles, cases

1,385

Earthenware, pkgs

16,572

Sugar refined, brls

83.590

Feathers, bales

?<71

Sugar, Maple, pkgs

1,978

Figs and dates, pkgs

13,763

Tar and Pitch, pkgs

2,653

Firearms, pkgs..

129

Tea, pkgs

241,727

Fish, pkgs

52,070

Ties Railroad, No

113.620

Fullers earth, bags.

3,744

Tiles pkgs

1,199

Furniture, pkgs

V30

Tinplate, boxes

330,702

Gin, pkgs

2,763

Tobacco, bales ...

4,827

Glass, window, pkgs

2,730

Toys, cases

1,187

Glassware, pkgs

56J

Type metal, pigs.

4,874

Glue, pkgs

118

Water, Mineral, pkgs....

635

Grease, pkgs .. ....

775

Whisky, pkgs.

3,739

Hardware, pkgs

5K5

Wine, pkgs

16,992

Instruments, scientific, cases

153

Wire rope, coils

Japan, goods pk^s

3,610

Wood Mfd, pko-s

1,987

Iron and steel, mfd., pkgs. . . .

2,148

Miscellaneous, pkgs

303

Jewelers' sundries, pkgs

232

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."]

THE INDIAN GROUP, LINCOLN PARK.

[See "Lincoln Park."]

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Iron and Steel Market. During the last few years a large number of
manufacturers, who use large quantities of iron and steel, have been located
In Chicago, and the home consumption of this material is probably the largest
of any point in the United States; besides this, the Chicago jobbers have sold
an unusually large tonnage for shipment to all points in the west and north-
west, so that it must be conceded that Chicago takes first place in the United
States as an iron and steel market, it being well known that whenever manu-
facturers are overstocked with any material in this line, they usually come to
Chicago to dispose of their surplus.

MANUFACTURES OF CHICAGO.

The manufactures of Chicago keep pace with the growth of population
and commerce. There were 3.307 manufacturing firms in this Jty in 1891,
against 3,250 in 1890; the capital employed iu manufactures in 1891 was $210,-
302,000, against $190, 000,000 in 1890, the number of workers employed in
manufacturing in Chicago in 1891 was 180,870, against 177,500 in 1890; the
wages paid by manufacturers in 1891 amounted to $104,904,000 against $96,-
200,000, in 1890, and the value of the product of Chicago manufactories in
1891 was $567,012,300, against $538,000,000, in 1890.

Brewing, Distilling and Tobacco.

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WKRS.

PRODUCT.

Breweries

$11 500,000

2000

$13 200 000

Malthousc'S .

4,000,000

700

5 500 000

Distillers and Rectifiers . . .

5 250 000

1,000

15 736 (100

Tobacco and snuff

-iHK),roo

900

3,040'0()0

Cigars and cigarettes

930

1,750,000

2,600

8 100000

Totals

1,163

$23,400,000

7,2TO

$45,576,000

Totals 1890

1,160

25,160,000

7,050

44 787 000

The amount paid in wages is estimated at $4,380,000, against $4,368,000
for 1890.

Brass, Copper, etc. The following table exhibits the manufactures in
brass, copper, etc., in Chicago, for the year 1891:

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Brass, copper and plumbers 1 supplies
Tin, stamped, and sheet metal ware
Jewelry manufactures

28
34
24

$ 1,500,000
3,000,000
1000000

1,700
2,800
600

$ 3000,000
7,475,000
2 500 COO

750 000

300

1 500 00()

Optical goods

250 000

500000

Telegraph and elfctric supplies

1,470 000

2 050

3 660 000

Smelting and refining

S,450 000

750

23 607 UOO

Iron and brass works

2iO,COO

250

500,030

Miscellaneous

650,000

820

2,800,000

Totals

153

$11,270000

9 340

$45 543 000

Totals, 1890

141

8,260 000

9 185

46 420000

The estimated amount of wages paid in- 1891 is $6,065,000. as against
$5, 750,000 for 1890.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Brick, Stone, etc. The estimates of the manufactures in brick, stone, etc.,
in Chicago, for 1891, were:

INDUSTRIFS.

Brickyards

Cut Stone Contractors

Marble and Granite Works.

Gravel Roofers

Lime Kilns

Terra Cotta

Stained Glass Factories

Totals

Totals, 1890

The amount of wages estimated to have been paid in 1891 was $3,8bO,UJO
against $3,209,000 in 1890.

Iron and Wood. Following are the estimates of the combined wood and
iron manufactures of Chicago for the year 1891:

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

68
65
32
30
6
1
10

83,600,000
1,525,000
1,0:-:0,000
225,000
225,000
300,0'
300,000

3,785
1,600
750
501
370
500
350

$ 3,8^6,000
2,000,000
1,800/00
1,150,000
450,000
600,000
90 ,000

212
214

$7,205,000
5,680,000

7,855
7,520

$10,726,000
12,600,000

INDUSTRIES.

No. CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Wagons and Carriages

70
5
4
6
5

$ 2,000,000
7,150,000
6,400,000
1,675,000
700,000

2,000

5,6 ;&

8,000
850
250

$ 4,000,000
15,950,aH)
17,350,000
3,000,000
800,000

Agricultural Implements

Car and Bridge Builders

Elevators

Sewing Machines and Cases

Totals

90
92

$17,925,000
13,700,000

16,725
15,200

$41,100,000
42,000,000

Totals 1890

The wages of the year are estimated at $12,575,000, as compared with
$13,000,000 for the previous year.

Chemicals. The manufacture of chemicals in Chicago for the year 1891,
was estimated as follows:

INDUSTRIES.

Chemical works . .

White lead and paint

White lead corroders

Varnish

Axle grease

Glue fertilizers, etc

Soap

Candles

Linseed oil and cake

Soda, mineral waters, etc
Ink, sealing wax, etc

Totals.
Totals 1890..

No.

CAPITAL.

WORK-
ERS.

PRODUCT.

$ 700,000

250

$1.750.000

1,500,000

500

4,400.000

1,750,000

125

2,1 00,000

1,200,000

15(1

1,300,000

3,00,000

1/00,000

1,700,000

1 S 000

3,500,0(10

3,000,000

2/00

8,000,00i)

500,000

125

800,000

1,750,000

250

3,500,000

900.000

600

2,000,000

75,000

100

250,000

$13,375,000

5,150

28,500,000

14,320,000

4,900

23,550,000

The wages fiaid in 1891 footed up $3,240,000, as against $2,460, 000 in 1890.

CHICAGO AS IT IS*

Iron and Steel. The following table exhibits the manufactures in iron and
steel in Chicago for the year 1891:

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORK-
ERS.

PRODUCT.

6
60
76
32
6
9
14
14
40
JO
50

$ 27,700.1 00
3.500,OOU
3,800,000
600,000
2,7:>0,000
J, 305,1 00
40n,f'0i)
6fO,000
6<;0,000
200,0(0
3.500,000

10,475
4,500
4,000
1,200
1,700
1,360
600
800
950
4i'0
4,200

$ 25,900,0
11,1100,000
9,000,000
2.250,00
4,601,000
2,4' 0,OT>0
1,10 ,000
2,80'',0(IO
l,7l 0,000
450,01
9,500,000

P"iler works

Barbed wire and wircworks

Miscellaneous

Totals

316
321

$ 44,005,000
4u,600,000

30,185
34,600

$70,700,000
69,325,000

Totals 1890

The amount of wages paid in 1891 is estimated at $19,706,000, as com-
pared with $18,500,000 for 1890.

Meats. The following table shows the meat industry of Chicago for the
year 1891.

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORK-
ERS.

PRODUCT.

20
12
2<i

76
75

$ 7,500,000
6,000,000

3 ono,0f o
1,000,000

500,000

11,000
9,00'
3,500
1,000
50u

$ 60,000,000
55,0(10,000
12,550,000
4,330.000
1,980,000

$18,000.000
17,000,001'

25,000
24,500

$ 133.860,000
137.275.1 00

Totals. 1890

The volume of wages for the last year aggregates 14,976,000, against
$13,585,000 for 1890.

Leather. The manufactures of leather in Chicago for the year 1691 were
estimated as follows:

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

50
3
9

$5,000,000

6,000.000
400,000
500,000

500,000

1,800

5,100
400
450

325

$ 6,500,000

13,150,000
1,500,000
1,400,100

1,300,000

Boot, shoe and slipper manufactur-

Saddleand harness manufacturers..

Hose and leather belting manufact-
urers

Totals

87
84

12,401,000
10,475,000

7,975
7,975

23,850,000
24,000,000

Totals, 1890

The volume of wages paid in 1891 aggregated $4,780,000, against $5,340,-
000 in the previous year.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Printing. The manufactures of Chicago coming under this heading in
the year 1891 were estimated as follows:

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Printing, binding publishing and
newspapers *.

240

$4,500,000

6,200

$22000,000

Lithographing nouses .'

850,000

715

1,500,000

Electrotypiug and stereotyping . . .
Type founders

3(10,000
600,OJO

550

65n

1,000,000
1 500/00

Printers' ink factories

62,000

80,000

Printing presses ...

375,000

325

7CO 000

Printers' furniture, supplies, etc
Book binderies

3
12

50,000
350,000

60
900

125,000
1,000,000

Totals

294

7,087,000

9,410

27,905,000

Totals, 1890 ...

285

6.322.000

9.200

20.912.000

The estimated amount of wages paid in 1891 was $6,157,000, as com-
pared with $5,800,000 in 1890.

Textiles. The manufactures of textiles in Chicago for the year 1891 were
estimated as follows:

TEXTILES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Men's and boys' clothing

$15,000,000

14,000

$30,000,000

Colored shirts, overalls etc

2,000,000

2,000

3,750,000

Men's neckwear

750,000

1,5'

2,000,000

White shirts

1,000,000

1,500

2,500,000

Furs

700,000

300

1,000,000

Cloaks and suitings

2,600,000

7,000

11,000,000

Cloak and dress trimmings

375,000

500

600,000

Millinery

850,000

1,200

1,700,000

Totals

141

22,775,000

28,000

62,550,000

Totals 1890

165

16,723,000

26,960

38,325,000

The wages for 1891 aggregate $10,630,000, as against $8,700,000 for the
previous year.

Wood and Manufactures. The manufactures of wood in Chicago for
1891 were as follows:

INDUSTRIES.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Pinning mills, sash, doors, mouldings
boxes, etc

$3,500,000

6,500

$10,000,0ro

Cooperage ....

500,000

8>0

2,000,000

Furniture

260

8,000,000

12,000

21,000,000

Pictures frames and looking glasses.
Pianos and organs

60
24

1,500,000
4,500,000

1,500
3,000

3,000,000

7,ooo,ono

Billiard tables . .

375,000

400

700.000

1,000,100

800

2,350,000

Totals.

483

19.375,000

25,000

46,050,000

Totals, 1890

470

18,500,000

24,800

46,000,000

The estimated wages are $13,520,000, against $13,500,000 for 1890.

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Other Manufactures. The other manufactures of Chicago, coming under
the head of miscellaneous, for the year 1891, were estimated as follows:

MISCELLANEOUS.

No.

CAPITAL.

WORKERS.

PRODUCT.

Tools and bicycle factories

$850,000

1,400

$2 100000

Sign-makers

125,000

500

750 000

Brushes (not broom)

800000

850

720 000

Brooms

75,000

250000

Feather dusters

60,000

150

200000

Show cases

120,000

130

45 i 000

Glass

]

100,000

120

200'000

Corks

130,000

120

225'000

Paper boxes

250,000

850

900,000

Sails, awning's, etc

200,0.0

250

550000

Shipyards..

300,000

100

200 (XX)

Perfumery

225,000

250

750,000

Totals...:.

JOS

2,735,000

4,295

7,295,000

Totals 1890

2,277,000

4,235

7,140,<00

The wages paid approximate $2,245,000, against $2,053,000 for 1890.

MARITIME INTERESTS.

It will be a surprise to the stranger, whether American or foreign, to
learn that the arrivals and clearances of vessels at Chicago harbor exceed
those of New York by fully 50 per cent.; that they are nearly as many as
those of Baltimore, Boston and New York combined, and that they are a
fraction of over 60 per cent, as many as all the arrivals and clearances in
Baltimore, Boston, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Portland and San
Francisco. Chicago has also fully 25 per cent, of the entire lake-carrying
trade, as compared with the total arrivals and clearances in Buffalo, Detroit,
Duluth, Erie, Huron, Grand Haven, Milwaukee, Ogdensburg, Sanduskyand
Marquette. These noteworthy facts are amplified in the two following
tables:

DISTRICTS ON THE SEABOARD.

DISTRICT OF

VESSELS
ENTERED.

VESSELS
CLEARED.

TOTAL.

AOGR'G'TE
RECEIPTS.

COST TO
COLLECT $1.

Baltimore

1,828

1,443

3,270

$ 3,766,922

$0.072

Boston

3,260

3,391

6,650

18,038,773

.033

New Orleans .

1,156

1,148

2,304

2,106,681

.099

New York

8,196

7,818

16,014

147,538,045

.018

Philadelphia

1,829

2,053

3,883

20,711,455

.023

Portland

784

1,149

1,933

187,950

.263

Pt. Townsend

1,738

1,792

3,530

193,003

.288

Providence

666

202

868

3?8,850

.054

San Francisco

1,285

1,537

2,822

7,956,889

.047

Total

20,742

20,531

41,273

$200,828,567

$0.897

Average

2,305

1,281

4,586

22,314,285

.100

Chicago

10,107

10,120

20,227

6,794,515

.033

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

PRINCIPAL DISTRICTS ON THE GREAT LAKES.

DISTRICT OF

VESSELS
ENTERED.

VESSELS
CLEARED.

TOTAL.

AGGR'GATE
RECEIPTS.

COST TO
COLLECT $1.

Buffalo

3,936

4,304

8 240

$ 8*2 175

80 065

Cleveland

5 136

5 170

10 308

388 598

'070

Detroit

6 296

6 530

12 826

630 670

1 3

Duluth

1,150

1,165

2 315

8 318

660

Port Huron ....

4 952

4 837

9 789

191 15 i

228

Grand Haven

7,710

7,707

15,417

1,881

2 889

Milwaukee

10,708

10,286

20 994

393 530

034

Ogdensburg

1,435

1,394

2 829

?63888

091

Marquette . . ...

6622

6 686

13 308

If 856

730

Total

47,945

48,079

96,024

$2,759 069

$4 88

Average

5,327

5,324

10,669

306,563

512

Chicago

i 10,107

10 120

20 2:-7

5 794 51 5

023

Shipments of Grain by Lake to Canada. The shipments of grain by lake
to Canada during 1891, embracing corn, oats, wheat and rye, were:

SHIPPED TO

BUSHELS.

SHIPPED TO

BUSHELS.

Collingwood

405,421

Sarnia

985,978

Kingston

4,126,400

25 100

Midland

1,199,150

Montreal
Point Edward
Prescott

367,082
344,469
38.000

Total

7,491,600

Coastwise Receipts and Shipments. The coastwise receipts and shipments at
the port of Chicago during 1891 were:

RECEIPTS.

ARTICLES

QUANTITY.

ARTICLES.

QUANTITY.

5687030

Iron ore, tons

71,449

852 987

Iron tons

19.423

21 537

106 273

Lumber 1 000

1 302 226

Coffee, sacks

26 i07

Shingles 1 000

'253 738

Tea, chests

4,885

Lath, 1 000 . . . .

37,139

Liquor.- 1 , packages

40,112

4 233,929

Fish, tons

2,349

2 052 050

Hides, pieces

4,524

' 53 375

Potatoes, bushels

220,465

32 683

Hay, tons

2,510

Bark, cords

13,434

Flour, barrels

22,840

1 215 331

ft 965

30 775

Stone, tons

12,590

403,414

Sulphur, tons

653

41 080

Plaster, barrels

101,696

164,260

Cement, barrels

316,231

150,086

Oil, barrels

4,? 90

Cheese, packages

61,582

Woolsacks

1,998

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

SHIPMENTS.

ARTICLES.

QUANTITY.

ARTICLES.

QUANTITY.

Flour, brls
Mchds., pkgs
Wheat, bu '
Corn, bu
Oats, bu
Rye, bu
Barley, bu
Grass-seed, s vcks

1,684,011
I,o50,30l
29,641,142
37,705,2o7
17,7v28
4,094.744
1,628,900
80,073

Coffee, sacks
Tea, chests
Sugar, brl*
Sirup, barls
Hides, pieces
Liquors, brls
Oilcakes, Ibs
Oil, brls

18,178
15,519
17,113
9,162
6,478
10,347
210,086
4,432
9,647

Flax-seed, bu ...
Br'm-co n, b'les
Fork, brls
Beet', ' rls
Oatmeal brls
Corn-meal, brls
Lard, pkgs
L:rd, tes
Glucose, brls
Malt, sacks

6821
56,076
4.672
14,319
12,7 9
18,S94
69,850
4.i.9"0
39,214

Millstuffs, sacks
Cur'd rats., pkgs
Tallow, brls
Nails, kegs
Iron, tons
Lead, piss
Wool, sacks
Fertilizer, brls
Spelter, plates

342,232
4,443
21,727
27,172
4,0i 7
559,394
56,227
1,150
97.027

Value of Exports By Zofe. There were 893,676 packages of canned
meats exported by lake aggregating 54,877,719 pounds; 127 446 packages of
salted meats aggregating $21,224.440, and 16,075 bales of binder-twine al-
to-ether 1,128^68 pounds. Of the articles entitled to drawback were8,735,992
pounds of tin, the drawback on which was $899.30; 4,808,473 pounds ot salt,
with a drawback of $4.020, and 1,128,468 pounds of hemp, with a draw-
back of $7,693. The total values of imported articles entered m the port o.
Chicago was $15,105,775.

Arrivals and Clearances of Vessels. Following is a table showing the
arrivals and clearances of vessels, with tonnage, at Chicago harbor, for \i
to 1890, inclusive:

YEAR.

ARRIVALS.

CLEARANCES.

TOTAL.

No.

Tonnage.

No.

Tonnage.

No.

Tonnage.

1883

11,203
10,513
9,846
10.180
10,828
10,158
9,552
10,224

3,555,586
3,481,907
3,347,647
3,546,309
3,868,405
3,990,021
4,417,415
5,524,852

11,271
10,640
9,910
10,267
10,920
10,308
9,462
10,294

3J43,574

3,489,666
3,364,169
3,594,549
3,989,615
4,134,064
4,403,634

22,474
21,153
19,756
20,447
21,748
20,466
19,014

7,299,160
6,971,623
6,711,816
7,140,858
7,858,000
8,124,985
8,821.049

1884

1885

1886

1887

1888

1889

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Vessels owned in Chicago. The following table exhibits the number and
character of vessels owned in Chicago:

CLASS.

NUMBER.

TONNAGE.

CLASS.

NUMBER.

TONNAGE.

Propellers

6'2

4
34
35

19,861.97
1,543.94
600.50
173.15
1,874.05

Schooners

168
8

40.940.15
71.45
213.34

Tugs,

Sloops ,

Side wheel steamers

Sailing yachts.

Steam canal boats. . .

Total

384

65,380.46

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

City Clerk's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Deputy clerk, $3,000; chief clerk, $2,400; minor clerks from $1,000 to $1,300.

City Collector's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol-
lows: Chief clerk, $2,000; cashier, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,400; clerk, $1,400;
five clerks, $1,500 each; five clerks, $1,000 each; messenger, $800.

City Hall Employes Salaries. Janitor, $1,400; 2 carpenters, $3 per day;
4 finishers, $720 each; 10 elevator attendants, $720 each; 10 janitors, $720
each; 11 female janitors, $480 each; chief engineer, $1,500; 3 assistant engi-
neers, $1,000 each; 6 firemen, $720 each; 3 coal passers, $660 each; 3 oilers,
$720 each.

Comptroller's Office Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as fol-
lows: Chief clerk, $3,000; general book-keeper, $2,400; assistant book-
keeper, $1.800; cashier, $1,800; assistant cashier, $1,500; warrant clerk,
$1,600; minor clerks, $1,000 to $1,200.

Engineering Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as
follows: Assistant engineer, $2,500; second assistant engineer, $2,000; one
assistant engineer, $2,000; two assistant engineers, $1,800 each; rodman,
$900; draughtsman, $1,200; chief clerk, $1,800; messenger, $600.

Feed Officers. City sealer of weights and measures, oil inspector,
inspector of steam boilers, building inspector, elevator inspector, and some
other minor officers of the city government are paid in fees, or a percentage of
fees collected in their respective offices. Of these the oil inspectorship is
the most lucrative, being worth about $20,000 per annum.

Fire Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
First assistant fire marshal and inspector, $3,500; second assistant fire mar-
shal, $3,000; assistant fire marshal and secretary, $3,200; fire inspector,
$2,500; 13 chiefs of battalions, $2,500 each; bookkeeper, $1,800; 2 clerks,
$1,800 each; clerk and storekeeper, $1,400; superintendent of horses, includ-
ing medicines, $2,200; 19 captains, $1,360.80 each; 42 captains, $1,260 each;
14 captains, $1,200 each; 19 lieutentants, $1,155 each; 25 lieutenants, $1,000
each; 17 engineers, $1,360.80 each; 30 engineers, $1,260 each; 12 engineers,
$1,200 each; 13 assistant engineers, $1,134 each^ 30 assistant engineers,
$1,050 each; 12 assistant engineers $1,000 each; 115 pipemen and truckmen,
$1,134 each; 131 pipemen and truckmen, $1,050 each; 69 pipemen and truck-
men, $945 each; 40 pipemen and truckmen, $840 each; 37 drivers, $1,134 each;
81 drivers, $1,050 each; 39 drivers, $945 each; 4 pilots, $1.260 each; 2
stokers, $1,050 rs t $'945 each; 9 watchmen, $798.80 each;

CHICAGO AS IT IS. ' 65

superintendent city telegraph, $3, 675; chief operator, $2,362.50; 3 assistant
operators, $1,260 each; chief of construction, $1,800; battery man, $945;
five repairers, $1,102.50 each; chief of electric repair shop, $1,575; 3 linemen,
$945 each; machinist, $1,050; 2 assistant machinists, $756 each; clerk and
stenographer, $1,260; 2 electric light inspectors, paid in fees collected,
1 manager, $1,700; 3 operators, $1,200 each; 3 repairers, $1,000 each;
1 lineman, $945; 1 instrument man, $900; 1 battery man, $900. Total for
salaries of Fire Department, including Chief Marshal, $974,348.00.

Health Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Assistant commissioner, $2,500 ; department clerk, $1,500 ; secretary, $1,500;
registrar of vital statistics, $1,200; thirty-four sanitary police, $1,000 each;
eight medical inspectors, $900 each; chief tenement house and factory in-
spector, $2,000; nine meat and stock yards inspectors, $1.200 each; assistant
tenement house and factory inspector, $1,500; clerk to tenement house and
factory inspector, $1,000; thirty-four tenement house and factory inspectors,
$1,000 each; five female factory inspectors, $1,000 each; city physician,
$2,500; assistant, $1,500.

Law Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are: Assistant
corporation counsel, $5,000; assistant corporation counsel, $3,000; assistant
city attorney, $4,000; chief clerk, $2,000; 3 minor clerks, $1,500 each; 2 minor
clerks, $1,200 each; clerk to city attorney. $1,500.

Map Department Salaries. Superintendent, $1,800; 8 draughtsmen,
$1,200 each; 2 draughtsmen, $1,000 each; house numbering clerk, $900.

Police Court Salaries. There are eight police court districts in the city of
Chicago, in which ten police court justices administer the municipal law. These
are appointed by the mayor. The salaries are as follows: two police justices,
1st district, $5,000 each ; two police justices, 3d district, $5.000 each ; one
police justice, 2d district, $5,000; one police justice, 4th district, $2,500;
one police justice, 5th district, $2,500 ; one police justice. Englewood dis-
trict, $1,800; one police justice, Lake View district, $1,200. The "clerks
of the 1st district court receive $1,500 'and $1,200; all other clerks
$1,200 each, except the assistant of the 1st district, whose salary is $1,000,
and those of Englewood and Lake View, who receive $900 and $600, respect-
ively.

Police Department Salaries. The salaries of the officers and subordinates
in the Police department are as follows: General superintendent, $5,000;
assistant superintendent, $3,000; chief inspector, $2,800; 4 division inspec-
tors, $2,800 each; 1 secretary, $2,250; 1 private secretary, $1,500; 2 clerks,
secretary's office, $1,200 each; 1 drillmaster, $2,000; 1 stenographer,
$1,200; 1 assistant stenographer, $600; 1 custodian, $1,323; 1 clerk detect-
ives office, $1,500; 2 assistant clerks, detective's office, $1,200 each;

1 night clerk, $900; 16 captains at $2,250 each; 52 lieutenants $1,500
each; 1 sergeant, detective's office, $1,600; 1 assistant clerk, $1,200; 56
patrol sergeants, $1,200 each; 86 desk sergeants at $1,200 each; 25 matrons at
$630 each; 2 photographers, $1,200 each; 50 detective sergeants, $1,212.75
each; 10 police court bailiffs, $1,000 each; 6 pound keepers, $771.75 each; 2
patrolmen at mayor's office, $1,000 each; 1 patrolman at comptroller's office,
$500; 25 lockup keepers, $1,000 each; 2inspectors of pawnshops, $1,200 each;
4 inspectors of pawnshops, $1,000 each; 2 inspectors of vehicles, $1,200, each;

2 assistant inspectors of vehicles, $1,000 each; 250 patrolmen on duty at

66 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

bridges, street crossings, depots, etc., $1,000 each; 140 patrolmen, first-class,
for duty on patrol wagons, $1,000 each; 1,750 patrolmen, first-class, for regu-
lar duty, $1,000 each; 200 patrolmen (second class), for patrol duty, nire
months at $60 per month; 6 engineers for police stations, $1,000 each; 6
assistant engineers for police stations (eight months) $551.25 each; 20 janitors
at $530 each; 1 veterinary surgeon, $1,500; 1 assistant veterinary, $1,000; 15
hostlers, $630 each; 3 watchmen, $750 each; 6 drivers of supply wagons,
$720 each; 70 drivers of patrol wagons, $720 each; 1 chief operator, police
telegraph service, $1,3'IO; 1 assistant operator, $1,000; 85 operators, police
telegraph service, at $720 each; 4 drivers for ambulances, $720 each. Total
for salaries of police department for the year 1891, $2,485,242.

Public Works Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as
follows: Secretary, $2,400; assistant secretary, $1,500; book-keeper, $2,400;
assistant book-keeper, $2,000; clerk, $l,200;mino clerks from $600to $1,000.

Sewerage Department Salaries. Superintendent, $3,500; 6 assistant
engineers, $1,800 each; 6 rodmen, $900 each; chief clerk, $1,200; chief clerk
of house drains, $1,800; permit clerk, $900; chief inspector house drains,
$1,200; draughtsman, $1,200; draughtsman, $1,000.

Special Assessment Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are
as follows: Attorney, $2,700; assistant attorney, $1,800; chief clerk, $2,100;
clerk, $1,800; clerk, $1,680; two clerks, $1,500 each; four clerks, $1,400
each; sixteen clerks, $1,200 each; clerk, $1,000; three clerks, $900 each.

Street Department Salaries. The salaries of subordinates are as follows:
Assistant superintendent, $2,000;chief clerk, $1,500; bill clerk, $1,200; permit
clerk, $900; assistant permit clerk, $720; general clerk, $900; messenger, $720;
chief sidewalk inspector, $1,500; superintendent of house moving, $1,800
(paid from fees).

Telephone Department Salaries. Chief operator, $1,300; assistant chief
operator, $900; 71 operators, $720 each; 7 repairers, $1,000 each; 2 battery
men, $900 each; 2 hostlers, $620 each; driver, $720; operator bridge tele-
phone office, $720; 12 operators bridge telephone system, nine months,
$472. 50 each.

The Mayor and Council Salaries. The government of the city of Chicago
is vested in a mayor, elected for two years, salary $7,000, and a city council,
composed of sixty-eight aldermen, 01 two from each of the thirty-four wards,
who receive a per diem for actual services, the total of which amounted this
year to about $15,000. One alderman is elected from each ward on alternate
years. The mayor is assisted in the performance of his duties by heads of
departments and bureaus, as follows: Comptroller, $5,000; treasurer, includ-
ingassistauts, $25,000, and interest on city deposits, his right to the latter being
now in dispute; city clerk, $3,500; commissioner of public works, $5,000;
city engineer, $3,500; counsel of corporation, $6,000; city attorney, $5,000;
prosecuting attorney, $4,000; general superintendent of police, $5,000; chief
marshal of fire department, $5,000; superintendent of fire alarm telegraph,
$3, 675; commissioner of health, $4,000; city collector, $4,000; superintend-
ent of special assessment, $3,500; superintendent of street department, $3,500;
mayor's secretary, $2,500; mayor's assistant secretary, $1,500; mayor's
messenger, $2,000.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 67

PARK SYSTEM.

The Park System of Chicago was designed and is conducted upon
an elaborate scale. In its entirety the area covered by the different
parks and public squares within the city limits embraces 1,974.61
acres. This is exclusive of the ground covered by park boulevards. The
Park System proper is divided into three divisions, each division being under
the control of Park Commissioners, elected by the Courts. Thus we have
three boards : The South Park Commissioners, the West Park Commis-
sioners and the North Park Commissioners. The parks under the supervi-
sion of these commissioners are maintained by direct tax upon the respective
divisions of the city. Under control of the city government are a number of
small parks, squares and " places," which are maintained at the expense of
the city treasury. [See "Area of Parks and Public Squares."] The parks of
Chicago form, with the boulevards as their connecting links" [See Map], a
chain around the city, both ends of which are anchored in Lake Michigan.
Only a very few years ago complaint to the effect that the great parks of the city
were too fa"r removed from the people, and practically inaccessible to the very
class whom they were intended to serve, was general. Now, however, they
are becoming the nuclei around which populous districts are growing. In a
few years, instead of being on the outskirts of the city, they will be breathing
places in its interior. For the visitor, all the parks are within convenient
reach. Cable lines or street cars will carry you to any of them at the uni-
form rate of five cents. Trains on the Illinois Central will take you to Jack-
son Park (South Park Station) and return for twenty-five cents. The great
parks are grouped as follows :

SOUTH SIDE. Jackson Park take Illinois Central train foot Randolph,
Van Buren, Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-seventh or Thirty -first streets,
or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Washington Park take State street or
Cottage Grove avenue cable line, the former for Grand boulevard, the latter
for Drexel boulevard entrance. Park phaetons convey visitors around Wash-
ington and Jackson parks, touching or stopping at all points of interest, for
25 cents per adult passenger ; 15 cents for children.

WEST SIDE. Douglas Park take West Twelfth street or Ogden avenue
cars. Garfield Park take West Madison street cable or West Lake street
cars. Humboldt Park take Milwaukee avenue cable line, or West North
avenue cars. s

NORTH SIDE. Lincoln Park takeN. Clark or Wells street cable line-
to main entrance; take North State street cars to Lake Shore Drive en
trance.

Persons desiring to take other conveyances can make their selection from
the hackney cabs, hansoms, coupes, etc., found at downtown stands. [See
hack and cab rates.] Carriage arrangements may be made by telephone

?0 &UIDE TO CHICAGO*

are known collectively and familiarly as "The South Parks." The cost to
the city of the ground which they cover was $3,208,000. They are as yet in
their infancy, but even now they rank among the finest parks in the world.

Ashland Boulevard. From West Lake street to West Twelfth street, or,
rather, from Union Park south to the boulevard extension of West Twelfth
street, which makes the connection with Douglas Park. The finest residence
street of the West Division. Elegant mansions rise on either side, from Mon-
roe street south. There are also some handsome church edifices on the boule-
vard, among them the Union Park Congregational, opposite Union Park; the
Third Presbyterian, between Madisonand Monroe; the Fourth Baptist, nearthe
intersectionof Ashland and Ogden avenues, and Epiphany Episcopalian, atthe
southeast corner of Adams street. The boulevard is a fashionable drive. It
is paved with asphaltum, and is the most perfect roadway in the city. This
boulevard connects Washington with Twelfth, thus completing a circular
drive which includes Douglas, Garfield and Union Parks.

Central Boulevard. Connects Garfield with Humboldt Park; one and a
half miles in length; average width, 250 feet. Leaves Garfield Park at West
Kinzie street, runs north to Central Park avenue, east along Indiana street to
Sacramento Square, north to Augusta street and Hurnboldt Park. This, like
other West Side boulevards, has been neglected up to the present time, but
improvements are now contemplated or under way which will make it a
magnificent avenue. Even as it is at present, it is a pleasant drive between
the two parks.

Douglas Boulevard. Running from the west side of Douglas Park, at
Albany avenue, west seven-eighths of a mile, then north seven eighths of a
mile, to Garfield Park. The roadway is kept in good repair and the drive is
a beautiful one; but up to the present time, like the other West park boule-
vards, it has not received proper attention. The work of improvement, how-
ever, will now go on rapidly, and it is expected to be one of the finest of the
boulevards before 1893. It is a very popular drive, for the circuit from Union
Park to Garfield, then via Douglas boulevard to Douglas, and thence back by
Ogden and West Twelfth street boulevards to Ashland boulevard and point
of departure, completes a perfect summer evening's ride.

Douglas Park. Area, 179.79 acres; situated four miles southwest of the
Court-house; bounded on the north by West Twelfth street, on the south by
West Nineteenth street, on the east by California avenue and on the west by
Albany avenue. The district in the vicinity of this park was almost entirely
destitute of residences ten years ago. Within a decade it has been built up,
however, until those who have not visited the section for four or five years,
or even two years, would hardly recognize it as the same. The popularity
of the park, which has always been a beautiful piece of ground, has increased
with the growth of the neighborhood and the improvement of the streets and
drives in the vicinity. Douglas Park is beautifully laid out, well wooded and
admirably situated. It has been cared for nicely of late years, and its lawns
and flower beds bear evidence of skillful and faithful attention. Some of the
avenues through this park are not surpassed by any in the city. The lake
covers an area of seventeen acres. There is a handsome boat-house and
refectory here. Douglas Park also has a medicinal artesian well with prop-
erties similar to those at Garfield and Humboldt Parks. The conservatories
and propagating houses are among the largest of the system. [See Con-
servatories.] Vast improvements are promised for Douglas Park within the
next two years.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 71

Drexel Boulevard. The eastern entrance to Washington Park commences
at Oakwood boulevard and the junction of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty-
ninth street. It is a double driveway, 200 feet wide for its entire length,
running south to Drexel avenue and southwest from that point to the park.
Through the center is a wide strip of sward, covered here and there with beau-
tiful shrubs, rose bushes and mounds. Upon the latter, which are interspersed
with flower-beds of beautiful design, appear, during the summer season,
unique figures wrought from flowers and foliage, and which attract thousands
of sightseers annually. At the intersection of Drexel avenue is a magni-
ficeut bronze fountain, presented by the Messrs. Drexel of Philadelphia, in
memory of their father, after whom the boulevard was named. On either side
of the drivewaysare to be seen some of the handsomest mansionsand prettiest
villas of Chicago. At the head of the boulevard, a few steps from the
Cottage Grove avenue cable line, is the "Cottage" from which phaetons start,
at intervals through the day, for a circuit of the South Parks.

Gage Park. Area, 20 acres; situated at the junction of Western avenue
and Garfleld boulevard. It is laid out with trees, and will become a popular
halting or half-way station, when the boulevards which enter it are com-
pleted.

Garfield Boulevard. The first link in the chain which is intended to con-
nect the South Park with the West Park system; 200 feet wide; extends
along Fifty-fifth street from Washington Park to Gage Park, a distance of
about four miles, in a direct westerly course. This boulevard is in good
condition for driving, and soon will be completed. The plan is for a cen-
tral driveway, bordered by grass and rows of trees outside of which there is
to be on one side a roadway for equestrians, aud on the other a carriageway,
the whole to be lined with elm trees.

Garfield Park. Area 185. 87 acres, situated four miles directly west of the
Court-house; bounded by Madison street on the south, Lake -street on the
north, and running a mile and a half west from the head of Washington
boulevard. This was formerly known as Central Park. The name was
changed in memory of President Garfield. The lake in the center of the
park covers an area of 17 acres. The park is extremely picturesque, the drives
and promenades being laid out in the most enchanting manner. The boat-
house is one of the finest to be seen in the park system. There is a hand-
some fountain here, the gift of Mrs. Maricel Talcott, and an artesian well
which furnishes half the city with medicinal mineral water. It is 2,200 feet
deep, and discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute. The water is
recommended for anaemia, diseases of the stomach and kidneys, and rheu-
matic disorders. Garfield Park is beautiful as it is, but just at present it is
receiving the attention of West Side citizens, who contemplate making many
improvements. Opposite the west end of the park on Madison street is the West
Side Driving Park; west of the park near the Lake street side are the exten-
sive shops of the West Division Railway Company. Just beyond the park on
Madison street is the Fortieth street power-house of this company, and the
terminus of the Madison street line. Connecting with the cable cars an elec-
tric railway line is now in operation, which carries passengers through the
town of Cicero, out by Austin, Oak Park, the Grant locomotive works and
other attractive points.

Grand Boulevard. The western entrance to Washington park; 198 feet
in width; beginning at Thirty-fifth street and entering the park at its north-

72 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

western angle. Is bordered by a double colonade of elms and strips of
sward. The road-bed is perfect for driving. On the western side a strip is
reserved for equestrians. Toward the southern end another strip is reserved
for speeding fast horses. It is one of the most fashionable drives in the city.
Following up the avenue connecting with Grand boulevard you are carried
past the "Retreat "and on to the Washington Park Race-track. By keep-
ing on the same course you may return by the flower-beds and back via
Drexel boulevard.

Humboldt Boulevard. This boulevard is not completed nor in such con-
dition as to be worthy of the attention of the visitor. It is intended to con-
nect Lincoln and Humboldt parks. At present the drive between the two
most used is along North avenue; a good street, which touches at the south-
ern extremity of Lincoln and at the northern extremity of Humboldt.
While on this subject if might be well enough to say that the entire system
of western park boulevards are at this time receiving the serious attention of
the public. It is thought that all will be much improved before 1893. [See
West Park Improvement.] Humboldt boulevard as designed will be one of
the most beautiful of the system. Wrightwood avenue will probably be
taken to fill the gap between Lincoln park and the north branch of the Chi-
cago river. As shown in the commissioner's plans, Humboldt boulevard
runs west a mile and a quarter to Logan square, then south one-half mile to
Palmer place, which extending north two blocks opens into a third division
running south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt park at North avenue.
The boulevard proper will be 250 feet wide; Logan square 400 by 800 feet;
Palmer place 4,000 by 1,750; total length of drive, three miles.

Humboldt Park. Area, 200. 62 acres ; situated fo'ir miles northwest from
the Court House ; bounded on the north by West North avenue ; on the
south by Augusta street ; on the east by North California avenue, and on
the west by North Kedzie avenue. This is one of the prettiest of the West
Side parks. It is laid out beautifully, has a charming lake, splendid avenues;
is clothed in superb foliage, and in the summer season makes a magnificent
display of flowers. Its conservatory is conducted admirably. There is a
mineral artesian well here, 1,155 feet in depth. This park is the popular
resort of the northwestern part of the city, and forms one of the group of
three in the West Division. Immense improvements are contemplated, both
as regards the park proper and its boulevard connections.

Jackson Park. Area, 586 acres ; about eight miles from the Court House;
bounded by Lake Michigan on the east ; Stony Island avenue on the west ;
Fifty-sixth street on the north ; and Sixty-seventh street on the south. This
beautiful park has been brought into great prominence of late by reason of
its selection as the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. About
one-third of the park had been improved up to the present year, although
immense works have been in progress for some time in preparing the unim-
proved portion for the public. These works included excavating and dredg-
ing for the chain of lakes which are to have connection with Lake Michigan ;
bridge and breakwater construction ; leveling and embanking, and land-
scape gardening on an extensive scale. The improved portion of the park is
at the northern end. Here there is a broad stretch of sward which has been
used frequently as a parade ground by the militia, and by large picnic parties.
This is surrounded or hemmed in by a wooded avenue of great beauty, which
opens upon a sea-wall and a beautiful view of Lake Michigan. There is

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]

GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO .- FIFTH AVE. AND SOUTH WATER ST.
(See "Guide."]

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 73

erected here an immense shelter, of great architectural beauty, where thou-
sands may, on occasion, be protected either from the heat of the sun or from
a sudden rainfall. The trees and shrubbery in the improved part of the
park, as well as the flowers, are very attractive, although the variety which
one finds in some of the other parks is lacking. The number of trees and
shrubs in the unimproved portion is comparatively small. About Sixty-first
street there is one clump of oaks and maple, shot here and therewith buncheg
of fiery sumac. There is another and a larger grove west and north of this.
Beyond there, except for a few small bunches and a fringe along the west
fence, the unimproved portion is unbroken by wood. Jackson park will
have undergone such alterations before the close of the present year that time
spent in describing it as it is to-day would be time wasted. The opportunity
of making it the grandest park of the system presents itself, and it will
undoubtedly be taken advantage of. [See "World's Columbian Exposi-
tion."]

Jackson Boulevard. West Jackson street from Halsted street to Gar-
field Park has finally been declared a boulevard by the Supreme Court. The
Park Commissioners will have the boulevard fully improved before the close
of 1891.

Lake Shore Drive. This is the grandest boulevard drive in Chicago.
Beginning at the North Side Water- Works on Pine street it skirts the lake to
the northern extremities of Lincoln Park, where it connects with Sheridan
Road, which is nearly completed for 25 miles along the north shore. Before
reaching the park some of the most magnificent mansions in the city are
passed ou the left. On the right is a fringe of sward, dotted with flower-beds
and covered with beautiful foliage in the summer months. The lake beats
against an embankment to the right, and frequently the spray is dashed across
the flower-beds when the sea is high. Reaching the park you pass through
beautiful avenues until you strike the Drive again. Here vast improvements
are being made. Some years ago the State legislature gave the Lincoln
Park Commissioners the right to issue bonds for $300,000 with which
to defend the shore line against the encroachments of storm-tossed
Lake Michigan. With that sum as a nucleus the commissioners designed
and began work on a system of improvements which, when completed,
will have cost a sum many times that raised from the original issue of
bonds. Enough has now been finished to give a general idea of the work as
it will appear when a continuous 3ea-wall will extend from Ohio street to
almost the extreme northern limit of the city. The work was commenced
in the Spring of 1888 at the foot of North avenue. Several hundred feet
out in the lake a line of piles was driven. Powerful dredging-machines were
placed in position and slowly but surely acre after acre was reclaimed from
the lake. It is at this point that the Lake Shore Drive joins the boulevard
now in course of construction. It will be finished this year. The
breakwater proper rests on piles driven thirty-five feet into the sand. On this
foundation granite blocks are Kid and securely cemented. Back of this starts
the paved beach, forty feet in width, slanting at an angle of about twenty
degrees until it meets the granilethtc promenade. This promenade is the
most attractive feature of the improvement and is destined to become famous.
Imagine a twenty-foot promenade, smooth as glass, three miles in length,
with Lake Michigan vainly striving to scale the paved beach to the east of it,
and a grand boulevard lined with carriages to the west of it ; a promenade
commanding on one side a magnificent view of the lake, and on the other a

74 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

prospective of Lincoln Park with all its natural and acquired beauties. There
is nothing rigid in the lines of the promenade or boulevard. Without
detracting from the attractiveness of the sweeping crescent described by the
sea-wall at Jackson Park, it must be said that the sinuous curves marking the
contour of the Lincoln Park beach, promenade, boulevard and canal, are more
artistic and pleasing. The old shore-line has been followed as nearly as pos-
sible. It is hard to improve on nature. With the shifting sands as the only
obstacle to check their course, the waves have drawn along the beach curves
such as would delight a follower of Hogarth. When they planned the out-
lines of the drive-way the commissioners wisely decided to follow nature.
They have made no mistake. The objective point is Diversey avenue, the
northern limit of the park. Here the regatta course will end, but the sea-
wall and boulevard will be continued by the people of Lake View, who pro-
pose to make the Sheridan Road and the Lake Shore Drive continuous. The
sea-wall will be extended to Byron avenue, opposite Graceland cemetery.
It is thought that the park commissioners will be able to complete their
part of the work by the commencement of next winter. They will then have
added 100 acres to the area of the park, and have given to Chicago a boule-
vard and regatta course unequaled in the world. Between the new boulevard
and the park there will be three connecting points. There will be land con-
nection at the north and south ends of the park and a bridge at a point oppo-
site Webster avenue. The canal will connect with the lake at two points, one
opposite Wisconsin street and the other at Fulton avenue. The boulevard
will cross these connections on steel swinging bridges of a special construction.
It will be several years before the dreams of the designer will be fully realized.
Rows of shade trees will be planted to the east of the boulevard, and between
the trees and the edge of the regatta course the sloping lawn will be beautified
in the highest style of the landscape gardener's art. Between the west shore
of the regatta course and the present Lake Shore Drive is a tract of land now
piled high with stone and pine bark. This will be made one of the finest
features of the park. Planked thus on either side by verdure-decked banks,
the canal will wind its sinuous course towards what was Fisher's garden.
At no point will this placid stretch of water be less than 150 feet in
width, while the average is nearer 200. At the ends it is widened to 350
feet, so as to permit boats to make a sweeping turn. Hardly less
important is the improvement contemplated by the Lincoln Park Com-
missioners and the property owners Mho own the land fronting the
lake between Elm and Oak streets. The sea-wall ends at Elm street on the
south. With it the Lake Shore Drive practically comes to an end. The
problem which has ever confronted the boards of park commissioners is to
connect the North and South Side boulevard systems. In a recent message
to the city council. Mayor Cregier suggested that Michigan boulevard be con-
nected with a viaduct extending over the Illinois Central tracks and crossing
the river at some point between Rush street and the lake. An expensive plan,
there seems to be no other available. It is proposed to swing the boulevard
out into the lake, starting at Elm street. It will curve out 1,000 feet from the
present line and strike the existing beach at the foot of Ohio street. The Lake
Shore Drive has for years been the fashionable rendezvous of the North Side.
Thousands of carriages linethe beautiful embankmenton summerafternoons.
Lincoln Park. Area, 250 acres, two and a half miles in width by one and
a half miles in length; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east; Clark street
on the west; North avenue on the south, and Diversey street on the south.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 75

The southern portion was formerly a cemetery. The tomb of the Couch
family remains; all others were long since removed. First board of commis-
sioners appointed in 1869, since which time it has been under State super-
vision. There is embraced within this small piece of territory perhaps more
attractions than can be found in any park of the country. "Where nature left
off art began, and the two have contributed toward making Lincoln Park the
most charming in the city. The visitor will be delighted with the undulating
character of the ground, the gracefully winding and curving avenues, which
stretch out in every direction; the beautiful lakes, the handsome bridges, the
splendid foliage, the magnificent statuary, the gorgeous banks, beds and
avenues of choicest flowers, the rare and wonderful shrubbery, the pretty
little dells, knolls and nooks, that lie half concealed beneath the noble trees, and
last, though not least, with the zoological collection, which has contributed in
no small degree toward making Lincoln Park famous. Here we find the
Grant monument, facing Lake Michigan on the Lake Shore drive. This mag-
nificent work of art was presented by the citizens of Chicago, and cost $100,000.
Here, also, is the Lincoln statue, by St. Gaudieur, facing the main entrance,
a splendid likeness of the great president, and pronounced one of the
finest pieces of sculpture in the world. This statue cost $50.000, and
was presented, together with a drinking fountain, by the late Eli Bates.
Here, also, are the "Indian Group'"' in bronze, presented ^by the late
Martin Ryerson; the La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree,
and the Schiller monument, presented by German residents of Chicago.
An entire day may be spent pleasantly by the visitor in Lincoln Park. The
great conservatories, flower beds and zoological collection, can hardly be seen
in less time. There is a comfortable refectory in the boat-house on the main
lake. Boats may be rented at 25 cents an hour.

Lincoln Park Palm-House. The plan of the new palm-house just erected at
Lincoln Park, drawn by Architect Silsbee, shows a beautiful structure of steel
and glass, light, airy and picturesque, sixty feet high, resting upon a bowlder
foundation of split granite. The main building is 168x70 feet, with a rear exten-
sion of seventy feet, making the entire length of the structure 238 feet. In front
of the main building there is to be alobby 25x60 feet, which isapproached by a
vestibule twenty feet square. The interior of the main building shows an
unbroken stretch, save a few light supporting iron columns for the glass roof.
The conservatory is in the rear of the palm house. It is thirty feet wide. At
the extreme north end is a room 30x60 feet, which will be exclusively devoted
to the culture of orchids. This room will be further beautified by a sort of
observatory tower built of pressed brick and terra-cotta trimmings. The
building will be erected on two terraces northeast of the present canal vista
and the animals' summer quarters. The terraces occupy the space due north
of the present green-houses. The latter structure will be removed as soon as
the new palm-house is completed. The main approach to the palm-house will
be from the floral gardens. The new house will cost $60,000.

Michigan Avenue Boulevard. Michigan avenue, from .lackson street on
the north to Thirty-fifth street on the south, a distance of three and a quarter
miles. It is 100 feetwide from curb to curb, and skirts the Lake Front Park,
the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. Formerly the ultra fash-
ionable residence street of the city. Now undergoing a transformation. [See
"Michigan Avenue."]

Midway Plaisance. Area, 80 acres; a woodland drive connecting Wash-

76 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

ington with Jackson Park, and, although unimproved to any extent \vorth
mentioning up to this year, one of the most beautiful and romantic avenues
within the park system. It runs between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets,
and is one and one-tenth miles in length. The Midway Plaisance, with
adjoining lands added, will become the site of a portion of the Columbian
Exposition. The plans for improvement during the next two years are elab-
orate. [See "World's Columbian Exposition.' j

North and South Side Viaduct. If a great viaduct instead of a sub-
way is decided upon it will take the following route: Beginning at
a point on St Clair street south of Ohio, at a point where the
Sheridan drive now terminates, the viaduct of solid masonry work fifty feet
wide, exclusive of pedestrian ways on each side, takes its rise. South on St.
Clair to Michigan street, thence southwestwardly across Michigan street and
the parallel railroad tracks; thence south along and over a private street
between Kirk's soap factory and the McCormick, thence by a drawbridge
across the river and by a long span across the Goodrich steamer docks to
Front street, west on Front to a private street which is a continuation of Cen-
tral avenue, and south along this private street and Central avenue to the
Randolph street viaduct, at which point it begins to fall. By easy stages from
the viaduct in a southwestwardly direction, the new viaduct is traced across
the northwest corner of the unimproved part of the Lake Front Park to Mich-
igan avenue and Washington street, where it comes to the level of the avenue.

Oakwood Boulevard. Connects Drexel and Grand boulevard*; 100 feet
wide and half -a mile long. It enters Grand boulevard at Thirty-ninth
street, and touches Drexel boulevard at its intersection with Cottage Grove
avenue,

Ogden Boulevard. Running southwest from the junction of West Twelfth
street boulevard and Oakley avenue. Not yet completed, but being rapidly
pushed forward. It will connect Ashland and West Twelfth street boule-
vards with Douglas Park.

Thirty-Fifth Street Boulevard. The connecting link between Grand and
Michigan avenue boulevards; sixty-six feet wide and one-third of a mile in
length.

Union Park. Area, 14.3 acres; situated one and three-quarter miles
directly west of the Court House; bounded by Warren avenue on the south,
Lake street on the north, Ogden avenue on the east and Ashland avenue on
the west. This park, one of the oldest in the city, only passed into the hands
of the Park Commissioners a few years ago. Since then it has undergone many
alterations and improvements. On the northeast corner of the park stands
the headquarters of the West Park Board. The lake has recently been
enlarged and rebedded; many unsightly mounds have been cut away, and
every year will add to its attractiveness in the future. The portion of the
park, through which Washington boulevard passes, is laid out in flower beds.
This is one of themost popular West Side breathing places in thesummer, and
on Sundays it is usually crowded.

Washington Boulevard. The continuation of West Washington street,
west from Halsted street to Garfield Park, and the driveway from the center
of the city to the parks and boulevards of the West Park System. Passes
through Union Park, a beautiful square. This boulevard is lined for the
entire distance of nearly three miles with handsome residences. Large shade
trees and a continuous strip of green sward fringe either side of the avenue.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 77

On Washington boulevard are many fine church edifices. The Chicago
Theological Seminary is passed at Union Park and Warren avenue; the
Episcopalian Seminary on the north side, west of California avenue.

Washington Park, Area, 371 acres; situated about one and a quarter
miles west of Lake Michigan and about six and a half miles southeast of the
Court House; bounded on the east by Eankakee avenue, on the west by Cot-
tage Grove avenue, on the north by Fifty-first street and on the south by Six-
tieth street. The finest of Chicago's parks, more by reason of its magnificent
entrances, Drexel and Grand boulevards, than by any great natural or artificial
attraction of its own, although its flower beds are the most beautiful of any.
It lacks many of the advantages which are enjoyed by Lincoln and Jackson
Parks, the contiguity of the lake being of itself one of the greatest charms of
the two last named. " It can not boast of a zoological garden that will com-
pare with Lincoln Park's, nor of the magnificent monuments that are making
the north shore park classical ground. But South Park has statelier trees,
grander avenues, more sweeping perspectives, more charming drives than any
other park in the city. It has the jamous "Meadow, "a stretch of velvety
sward that covers 100 acres and the " Mere," with its thirteen acres of water,
picturesquely sparkling behind long lines of ancient oaks and elms, and bath-
ing the emerald banks of the mounds and knolls which almost conceal it from
the view of the passing visitor. It has also its great conservatory [see
Conservatories] and its splendid stables, which cover 325x200 feet, and
through which you will be driven if you take a park phaeton. It has its
delightful refectory, known as the " Retreat," where refreshments are served
for man and beast, but its flower gardens are its greatest boas-t, and here the
visitor will pause the longest, for the angle in front of the flower house is
probably the most seductive spot Chicago has to offer the lover of the beauti-
ful in nature. Here you will find, during the months between May and
November, the best exhibition of the landscape gardening art in the world.
Flowers and foliage are made to do, in the hands of the gardener, what the
brush and palette accomplish for the artist. The designs are changed annu-
ally, and are always original, always interesting and always lovely. An
entire day can be very pleasantly spent in Washington Park.

West Twelfth Street Boulevard. West from Ashland avenue to Oakley
avenue, were it connects with Ogden boulevard, which runs in a southwest-
erly direction to Douglas Park. This boulevard is planted with a double
row of trees and parked through the center, street cars and traffic teams tak-
ing the roadways on either side. It is a splendid driveway and is becoming
more and more popular every year.

Western Avenue Boulevard. A zig-zag boulevard is projected to connect
Douglas Park with Western avenue, which it is proposed to boulevard south
to Gage Park. From the latter point, a boulevard is to extend east to Wash-
ington Park, thus connecting the West and South Side park systems. For
some inscrutable reason the east and west boulevard last mentioned is called
Garfield, probably with the idea in view of creating still more confusion in
the nomenclature of streets, which is confused badly enough now to be a con- \
slant annoyance to residents. How strangers will be able to grapple with the
intricacies of street, avenue and boulevard names is uncertain. The boule-
vard known as Western avenue is not beyond the point of projection, and
neither is the boulevard known as Garfield, but it is probable that the com-
pletion of these connecting links will now be hastened, as they will open up a
driveway from the great southwestern portion of the city to the Columbian
Exposition ite. [See Map.]

78 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

City Parks. There are a number of small but very pretty parks scattered
throughout the city, not under the control of the State Park Commissioners.
These are maintained at the expense of the municipal government. Many of
them, as a matter of fact, are of far more importance to the neighborhoods in
which they are situated than the larger and more pretentious ones. Among
these are the following: On the South Side: Lake Park, known more
familiarly as the Lake Front ; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east,
Michigan avenue boulevard on the west, Randolph street on the north and Park
place on the south. From Randolph street to Madison has been vacant in
the past; the space between Madison and Jackson has been covered with
the B. & O. railroad passenger depot, the First Regiment Armory, Battery D
Armory and the Inter-State Exposition buildings; and the space between
Jackson street and Park place only has been improved as a park . The area of
the park proper is forty -one acres. This is all made ground, having been
recovered from the lake by filling in with the debris of the great fire. Lake
Park has come into prominence of late by reason of its having been selected
as the site of a portion of the Columbian Exposition [see ' ' World's Columbian
Exposition "1. The park has been very popular with the business people of
the South Side, not because of its attractions, but rather on account of the
large area of free breathing space which it gives contiguous to the business
center. Groveland twdWoodlawn parks adjoin each other on Cottage Grove
avenue, near Thirty third street. Take Cottage Grove avenue car. These
parks, together with the University grounds, which were opposite, were a
gift from the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. The University has been aban-
doned, and the buildings removed. [See " University of Chicago."] The
Dearborn Observatory, which was formerly attached to the University, has
become a part of the Northwestern University at Evanston, the great tele-
scope having been transferred to the care of that college by the trustees.
[See Northwestern University.] Douglas Monument Square; area, 2.02 acres;
situatedon the Lake shore, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fif thstreets, and
close to the two parks last mentioned. Take Illinois Central train to Thirty-
fifth street. Here stands the mausoleum and monument to Stephen A.
Douglas [See "Douglas Monument"], a pretty little square; from which a
splendid view of Lake Michigan may be obtained. Ellis Park; area, 3.38
acres; situated four miles south of the Court House; between Vincennes and
Cottage Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street. Aldine Square; area, 1.44
acres; situated at Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, which is
surrounded by beautiful private residences, and a number of other smaller
squares and parks, farther to the south. West Side: Jefferson Park, area, 5.5
acres; situated between Adams street on the south, Monroe street on the
north, Throop street on the east and Loomis street on the west. Take Adams
street car to Centre avenue or Madison street cable line to Throop street. A
beautiful and popular little park, with many attractive features. Vernon
Park; area, 4 acres; situated between Gilpin place on the south, Macalister
place on the north, Centre avenue on the east and Loomis street on the west.
Two miles from the Court House. Take Adams street or West Taylor street
cars. Wicker Park; area, 4 acres; situated in the triangle between Park,
North Robey and Fowler streets; three miles northwest from the Court
House. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. North Side: Washington
Square; area, 2.25 acres; situated between North Clark street, Dearborn
avenue, Lafayette place and Washington place. This is a popular resort for
North Siders who do not care to go as far as Lincoln Park, and for children.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 79

There are other parks and squares not mentioned here, such as Campbell and
Congress parks on the West Side and Dearborn park on the South Side. The
former has no attractions for the visitor. The latter is fenced in and is the
proposed site of the new Public Library building. Its area is 1.43 acres,
and it is situated on Michigan avenue, facing east, between Dearborn and
Washington streets, opposite the jiorth end of the Lake Front.

West Side Park Improvement. A committee of one hundred West Side
residents has in charge the matter of improving the West Side parks and
boulevards immediately. The step the property owners believe it necessary
to take is the issuance of not less than $1,000,000 in bonds and the levying of
a tax of not less than six mills. The' improvements contemplated are as fol-
lows: The total length of Humboldt boulevard as planned is 13,238^ lineal
feet, comprising an area of ninety acres. Logan square is 4GO feet wide, and
Palmer square is the same. From Palmer square to North avenue the boule-
vard is, for a considerable distance, 317 feet wide. Humboldt Park contains
over two hundred acres. While less than half is improved and beautified at
present, the whole is to be brought under the hand of the artist and land-
scape architect within the next two years. Of the two and one-half miles of
public streets fronting on Humboldt Park, but one and one-half miles are at
present improved. The new plans contemplate the improvement and .orna-
mentation of the whole distance. Central boulevard, from Augusta street
to Grand avenue, a distance of 890 feet, is 400 feet wide; from Grand avenue
to Sacramento square, a distance of 2,206 feet, it is 263 feet wide. Sacra-
mento square is to be a 400 foot square, and from that point the boulevard is
tobe 250 feet wide until it reaches Central Park square, which is a distance
of 3, 662 feet. Central Park square is to be a 400-foot square. The seventy-
five acres of uniiri proved grounds in Garfield Park are to be put in splendid
order, and the three miles of unimproved public streets surrounding it are to
be put in much better shape than the quarter of a mile of the same already
improved. Douglas boulevard will be 250 wide from Colorado avenue to
the square south of Twelfth street, which is a distance of 4,077 feet. The
square will be the usual 400 feet, and the boulevard from that point to Doug-
las Park will be 250 feet wide. Douglas Park has ninety-six and a half acres
improved and eighty-three and a half acres unimproved. The latter is to be
beautified under the new plans, and all the public streets which surround the
park are to undergo a transformation. Southwestern boulevard will be 250
feet wide from the park to the east turn, which is a distance of 2.950 feet,
and will run a uniform width for its whole length of 11,148 feet. The plans
also include the addition of many attractions to the parks. These will
include lakes in the now unimproved portions, buildings for the accommoda-
tion of visitors, cafes, boating facilities, lawns, flowers, trees and pavilions. Tn
short, the system when completed will be the finest in the world. The tot id
length of all the boulevards ouside of the parks, as planned under the new
order of things, is nearly eighteen miles. This will make the whole drive on
the West Side nearly twenty-two miles.

POLICE DEPARTMENT.

The police department of the city of Chicago is under the official control
of the mayor and is conducted by a general superintendent (Robert W.
McClaughrey); an assistant superintendent (George W. Hubbard); a secretary

80 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

with the rank of captain (Jos. B. Shepard); a private secretary to the general
superintendent (Thomas L. Perkine); a chief inspector (Fred. H. Marsh); four
division inspectors (Lyman Lewis, commanding the first division; Nicholas
Hunt, commanding the second division; Alexander 8. Ross, commanding the
third division, and Michael J. Bchaack, commanding the fourth division) ;
16 captains, 52 lieutenants, 56 patrol sergeants and 86 desk sergeants. The
total force, including officers and men, number 8,503.

Bureau, of Identification. This bureau is in charge of Michael P. Evans,
who has held the position almost continuously for the past 11 years. Under
his management and by the aid of his valuable assistants (Geo. M. Porteous,
Victor George, Andrew Rohan, Edgar Marsh, Sidney Wetmore and Walter
Mueller), the bureau has become a valuable adjunct of the detective depart-
ment. It contains the pictures of more than 12,000 criminals; many of them
the most noted criminals in the country. The Bertillon system of measure-
ments was adopted by the department some years ago, and is conducted
by Geo. M. Porteous, whose knowledge of the system was acquired under ttie
instruction of M. Bertillon, the father of the system at Paris, France. The
Bureau now contains'the measurements of about 4,000 criminals.

" Central Detail." This old, familiar title, as applied to those policemen
who do -patrol duty during the day time in the central part of the city, at
bridges, railroad depots, street crossings, etc., has been abolished. The Cen-
tral Detail police are now attached to the " First Precinct, First District, First
Division." This precinct patrols that portion of the South Division of the
city lying north of the center of Van Buren street. It contains the greater
portion of the wholesale mercantile and banking interests of the city, and has
an area of about one square mile of territory, containing about 40,000 inhab-
itants. The command at present includes the following officers; 1 captain,
3 lieutenants, 3 patrol sergeants, 3 desk sergeants, 164 patrolmen on permanent
post duty, 57 patrolmen on patrol duty, 2 patrolmen in plain dress, 4 patrol-
men detailed in signal service, 3 patrolmen detailed as vehicle inspectors, 1
patrolman detailed on licences. Total, 241.

Cost of Maintenance. The amount appropriated for the maintenance of
the Police Department in 1891 was, for salaries, new sites for buildings and
for miscellaneous expenses, about $3,000,000.

Detective Department. The Detective department and Bureau of Identi-
fication (Rogues Gallery) is under the control of Chief Inspector F. H. Marsh,
with headquarters at the City Hall. The force consists of 1 Chief Inspector,
1 Captain (John Shea), 1 Detective Sergeant (L. Hass), and 50 Detective
Sergeants. They are not uniformed. Under the present organization the
department has become very effective and has done some very fine detective
work for which they have been very highly complimented.

Division Headquarters and Precincts: The following are the Division
Headquarters, with commanding officers and precincts as established in 1892

First Division: Inspector, Lyman Lewis. Headquarters, Harrison and
Pacific Avenue. 1st District, 1st Precinct, City Hall, formerly the central
detail. 2nd District, 2nd Precinct, Harrison and Pacific Ave. 2nd District,
3rd Precinct, 22nd and Wentworth Ave. 2nd District, 4th Precinct, 2523
Cottage Grove Ave. 3rd District, 5th Precinct, 144 35th St. (Stanton Ave.)
3rd District, 6th Precinct, Thirty-fifth near Halsted. 3rd District, 7th Pre-

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 81

cinct, 2913 Deering St. 3rd District. 8th Precinct, (Brighton Park,) Califor-
nia Ave., near 38th St. 3rd District, 9th Precinct, .

Second Division: Inspector, Nicholas Hunt. Headquarters, 53rd St. and
Lake Ave. 4th District, 10th Precinct, 53rd and Lake Ave. 4th District,
llth Precinct, 50th and State St. 5th District, 12th Precinct (Woodlawn
Station,) 321 63rd St. 5th District, 13th Precinct (Grand Crossing,) Dobson
Ave bet. 75th and 76th Sts. 5th District, 14th Precinct (Kensington,) Ken-
sington Ave. and Front St. 6th District, 15th Precinct (South Chicago,) 93rd
and So. Chicago Ave. 6th District, 16th Precinct, (Hegewisch, 134th St. and
Superior Ave. 7th District, 17th Precinct (Englewood,)64th St. and Went-
worth Ave. 7th District, 18th Precinct, to be opened at 86th St. and Vin-
cennes Ave. 8th District, 19th Precinct, Mattson and Halsted Sts. 8th Dis-
trict, 20th Precinct,

Third Division: Inspector, A? S. Ross. Headquarters, Desplaines and
Waldo Place. 9th District, 21st Precinct, Morgan and Maxwell St. 9th Dis-
trict, 22ud Precinct, Canalport Ave. near Halsted. 9th District, 23rd Pre-
cinct, cor. Hinman and Paulina Sts. 9th District, 24th Precinct, West 13th
St. near Oakley Ave. 9lh District, 25th Precinct (Lawndale.) 9th District,

26th Precinct. 10th District, 27th Precinct, Desplaines St. near Waldo

Place. 10th District, 28th Precinct, 609 W. Lake St. 10th District, 29th
Precinct, 256 Warren Ave. 10th District, 30th Precinct, W. Lake and.43rd St.
10th District, 31st Precinct,

Fourth Division: Inspector, M. J. Schaack Headquarters, E. Chicago
Ave. Station, llth District, 32nd Precinct, 233 W. Chicago Ave. llth Dis-
trict, 33rd Precinct, 99 W. North Ave. llth District, 34th Precinct, W.
North Ave. near Milwaukee Ave. llth District, 35th Precinct, Milwaukee
Ave., and Attrell St. llth District, 36th Precinct (Irving Park,) Milwau-
kee Ave. and Irving Park Blvd. llth District, 37th Precinct. 12th

District, 38th Precinct, E. Chicago Ave., near N. Clark St. 12th District,
39th Precinct, Larrabee St. and North Ave. 12th District, 40th Precinct,
958 N. Halsted St. 13th District, 41st Precinct (Lake View,) Sheffield Ave.,
near Diversey St. 13th District, 42nd Precinct; Halsted and Addison Sts.
13th District, 43rd Precinct,

Headquarters. The headquarters of the^ police department are located in
the City Hall.

Police Matrons. There are twenty-five matrons each receiving $630 per
annum, they are employed at the principal precinct stations to care for
females and children arrested. Under Chief McClaugh/ey an advisory board
has been organized composed of ladies selected by the different women's
organizations in the city, whose dnty it is to investigate and report to the
General Superintendent the manner in which these matrons perform their
duty, and to recommend such improvements as they deem proper.

Patrol System. The Patrol Wagon system, which is worked to perfec-
tion in this city, had its origin in Chicago. From the patrol boxes located at
convenient corners, or by telephone from any point, place of business or
residence, a patrol wagon containing from four to eight police officers may
be summoned at any hour of the day or night. The response is quick, sur-
prisingly so to strangers, who are always interested in its operation. The
telephone and telegraph are constantly employed in connection with the
police system of Chicago, and some arrests of dangerous and notorious

82 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

characters have been made within recent months by the operations of this
system that could not have been accomplished under the old methods. The
patrol service is also an ambulance corps, and renders valuable assistance in
rescuing the injured in accidents, or in carrying to hospitals those who are
suddenly stricken with illness. Besides the patrol wagons there are two
regular ambulances connected with the department, and others are to be
added. The number of patrol wagons in the service is 35.
Policemen's Benevolent Association. Condition at d)se of 1891:

Cash on hand January 1, 1891 $11,456

Receipts during 1891 62,915

Total ...$74 ,371

Expenditures during 1891 $67,558

Balance January 1. 189.i 6,813

The number of members in the association January 1, 1892, was 1,643.

The officers for 1891 are: President, Sergt William Dollard; Vbe-Presi-
dent, Sorgt. Rudolph Sanderson: Treasurer, Michael Brennan; Recording
Secretary, Daniel Hogan; Financial Secretary, William S. McGuire.

POPULATION STATISTICS.

The present ratio of gain in the population of the city of Chicago is
estimated at 1,000 per week. In the last twenty -two months, or, say ninety
weeks intervening between the time of the completion of the school census,
in June, 1890, and the present time, April, 1892, 90,000pers >ns would, there-
fore, be added to the population of the city. The school census figures were
1,208,669. Add 90,000, and we have 1,298,669. Add additions to population
by annexation, since June, 1890, say 10,000, and we have 1,308,669. It is
perfectly safe, therefore, to claim for Chicago in the spring of 1892, in
round numbers, a population of ONK MILLION THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND.
The statements which follow are all based upon the last school census returns.

Nationalities Represented. Chicago is a thoroughly cosmopolitan city.
Less than one-fourth of her people are of American birth fully one-third
of the 292,463 native-born citizens are of immediate foreign extraction. The
following is a careful estimate of the nationalities represented.

American 292,463

German .. 384,958

Irish 215,531

Bohemian 54,209

Polish 52,756

Swedish 45,877

Norwegian 44,615

English 33,785

French li.HW

Scotch 11,927

Welsh ...* 2.96H

Russian 9,977

Danes 9,891

Italians 9,921

Hollanders 4,912

Hungarians 4,827

Swiss 2,735

Roumanians 4,350

Canadians 0,PM)

Belgians 682

Greeks 698

Spanish 97

Portuguese 34

East Indians 28

West Indians

Sandwich Islanders 31

Mongolians 1,217

1,208,669

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

Population by Divisions. According to the census of 1880 the South
Division had a population of 127,266, the West Division 276,321, and the
North Division 99,717. Between 1880 and 1889 the West gained rapidly on
the other sides, until, before the annexation of adjoining towns, it was esti-
mated to contain two-thirds of all the inhabitants in the city. The acquisi-
tion of the populous towns of Hyde Park and Lake, on the South, and Lake
View and Jefferson, on the North, by the vote of 1889, however, swelled the
population of these divisions to a point which considerably weakened the
ascendency of the West Division.

Growth by Wards. In order to illustrate the rapidity with which the
population of Chicago increases, the following tables, showing the increase
in the inhabitants of the different wards between 1888 and 1890 is given.
Comparison is made between the school census returns of both years:

Ward.

Population in
1890.

Population in

1888.

Increase.

44,897
30,652
30,511
31,415
40,642
45,199
45,699
36,539
41,411
42,925
37,182
52,127
37,501
40,724
42,342
58.69P
28,333
3\126
48,590
27,126
35,335
36,505
41,519
35,120

32,333

26,964
28,052
26,236
40,067
40,513
36,398
33,497
36,592
33,435
32,298
' 40,536
32,023
31,350
29,761
50,750
24,589
31.667
41,671
22,597
30,620
32,283
38,579
3;), 141

12,564
3,688
2,459
5,179
675
4,687
9,301
3,342
4,819
9,490
4,884
11,591
5,478
9,374
12.681
7,949
3,744
4,459
6,919
4,715
4,529
4,222
2,940
4,979

3 ...

23...

These are the old wards. The population of the new wards must be com-
pared with the population of the townships in which they are situated.

Townships.

Wards.

LakeVieiv ] ||

Jefferson 27

Partof Cicero 28

(29
Lake ^30

1 31

(32
HydePark ^33

(34

Population
in 1890.
23,788
28,003
11,368
8,785
31,139
49,718
21,586
29,412
29,236
29,611

Population
in 1888.

1 46,164
11,552
6,850

1 84,585
i 67,062

Increase.
5,627
1,935

17,860
11,191

The large increase in the population of Jefferson was due to the fact that a
great portion of it, containing about 4,000 persons, was annexed during 1889.

84 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Following is the population by Divisions, according to the school census
of 1890:

Total population of South Division, comprising the South Town wards
and those of Lake and Hyde Park, male, 222,077; female, 191,845; total.
413,922.

Total population West Division, comprising the West Town wards and
Twenty-eighth ward (annexed portion of Cicero), male, 297,722; female.
258,261; total, 555,983.

Total population North Division, comprising the North Side wards and
those of Lake Visw and Jefferson, male, 126,091; female, 112,673; total
238,764.

Population Summary. Of the 1,208,669 inhabitants in Chicage in 1890,
645,890 were males and 562,779 were females. There were 735,435 persons
over 21 years of age, of whom 409,676 were males and 325,759 were females.
The total number of persons under 21, 473,204 ; 236,214 being males and
237,020 being females. The number of school children between 6 and 14
was males, 84,272 ; females, 81,344 ; total 165,621 . The total number of chil-
dren under 6 was 183,801. The blind numbered 183 ; deaf and dumb, 427
males, 203 ; females, 224. The total number of pupils in private schools was
39,906 ; total number of pupils in public schools 135,551. The total number
of children under 21 who had finished their studies was 35,246, while there
were 35,246 who had to work but would have attended school had they an
opportunity. The total number between 12 and 21 who could not read
or write English was but 2,599, of whom 1,200 were males. The total
number between 6 and 14 who did not attend school was 6,216. The colored
people of all ages in the city were 14,490 7,932 males, 6,558 females. The
Mongolians numbered 1,217, of whom only 10 were females. The population
of the annexed districts was 262,640, as against 216,213 in 1889, and within
the old city boundaries 946,029, as against 802,651 in 1889.

Population of Cook County. The population of Cook County, 111., in
which Chicago is situated, according to the United States Census of June, 1890,
was 1, 189,258 against 607,524 in 1880. This is grossly incorrect. The pop-
ulation of the county outside of the city is not less than 100,000, which, added
to the estimate of 1,300,000 for the city at the present time, makes the
population of Cook county 1,400,000.

Population of Illinois. The population of Illinois, according to the
United States census of June, 1890, was 3,801,285, which gave her the third
place among the States of the Union New York ranking first and Pennsyl-
vania, second. By census districts the count was as follows :

First District 1,226,292

Second District 342,500

Third District 393,155

Fourth District 400,092

Fifth District 370,000

I Sixth District 384,928

Seventh District 382,940

Eighth District 352,378

Total 3,801,285

If the error made in the count of Chicago, which is included in the first
district, be taken into account, and the gain in population since June, 1890,
be added, the population of Illinois in April, 1891, can be fairly said to exceed
four millions.

*/.''
Of j
31 f y

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 85

POST-OFFICE.

The limits or jurisdiction of the postmaster of the Chicago Post-office
covers leas than one-third of the area of the city proper, the outlying post-
offices being entirely distinctive, and having postmasters of their own. [See
" Outlying Chicago Post-Offices."] The central or general office is located
in the business portion of the city. It has eleven carrier stations and twenty
sub-postal stations, distributed at various points within said jurisdiction.
The force employed consists of about 769 regular carriers, 200 substitute
carriers, 842 regular clerks, sixty substitute clerks, and about 90 persons in
charge of Sub Stations and Stamp Agencies, making a total of 1701 paid
employes. Of this force, 105 carriers, 57 horses and 52 wagons are employed
in the collection of the mail from the street letter-boxes.

Branch Offices. The city branch post-offices, or sub-stations, are located
as follows : North Division Station, 355 and 359 N. Clark, N. W. corner of
Oak, Supt. Theodore Stemming; Northwest Station, 51 7 Milwaukee av.,Supt.
W. L. Householder; West Division Station, W. Washington, cor. S. Halsted,
Supt. John Davy ; West Madison Street Station, 981 W. Madison, Supt. R.F.
Taylor; Southwest Station, 543 Blue Island ave., Supt. John Vanderpoel; South
Division Station, 3217 State, Supt. Joseph Harvey ; Cottage Grove Station,
3704 Cottage Grove ave., Supt. Peter H. Witt ; Stock Yard Station, S. Hal-
sted cor. 42d, Supt. Frank H. Ketchum ; Lake View Station, 1353 Diversey
ave., Supt. Hbnry Bonnefoi ; Humboldt Park Station, 1576 Milwaukee ave.,
Supt. Henry Spink ; Hyde Park Station, 142 Fifty-third, Supt. H. A.
Phillips. Sub-Postal Stations : Twenty-second Street Station, 86 Twenty-
second, Supt. E. F. Brooks ; Ogden Avenue Station, 324 Ogden ave., Supt.
Wm. E. Waite.

City Delivery. Free delivery of letters by faithful carriers will be secured
by having the letters addressed to the street and number.

Closing of Foreign Mails Foreign visitors will be guided by the following
rules of the closing of mails: Mails for Great Britain and Ireland dispatched
in closed bags as follows: Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays via New York,
close 4 P. M. For Denmark, Norway and Sweden, dispatched in closed
bags, Sundays, Mondays amd Thursdays close 4 p. M. For Germany, dis-
patched in closed bags, Mondays and Thursdays. For China, Japan, New
Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Fiji Islands, Samoa, and special
addressed matter for Siam, close daily at 2 p. M., sent to San Francisco for
dispatch in closed bags from that office. Note: Mails for countries not
named above close daily 4 p. M. and are sent to New York for dispatch in
the closed bags from that office. For Canada, Province Ontario and Quebec,
close 7 A. M. and 8 p. M. daily except Sunday, Sunday 5 p. M. Hamilton
(city), Ontario, Toronto (city), Ontario, special despatch close daily at 2:30 P. M.
Quebec, London special dispatch close daily 10 A. M. Mail for above points
close Sundays 5 p. M. For Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's
Island and Newfoundland close daily at 8:15 A. M. and 7 and 8 P. M. For
British Columbia and Manitoba, close daily at 2 A. M. Foreign postage
tables will be found in the public lobbies of the main and branch offices.
For Mexico, close daily at 8:15 A. M, and 8 P. M.

GUIDE TO CIICAGO.

Increase of Business. The following shows the business of the Chicago
Post-office for the five years ending Jan'y 1, 1892, and the probable increase,
providing the same ratio is maintained for the five years ending June 30,
1895:

GROSS REVENUE.

GKOSS DISBURSE-
MENTS.

Amount.

Increase
per cent.

Amount.

Increase
per cent.

1885
1836

$1,930,363
2,0; 6,274
2,226,841
2,470,439
2.7S4,304
H,126,?40
3,445,75?

' ' ' f-'.o

10.0
11.0
12.7
12.3-
10.2

$ 726,860
769,441
8^6,146
868,782
964,418
1,131,474
1,2,17,832

6.9
8.7
3.9
11.0
17.3
9.4

1887

1888

1889

189!)

1891

COMING FOUR YEARS.

18!) i

| $3,797,233

10.2 1 1

$1 354 188|

9 4

1893

4 184 539

10 2 II

1 481 4811

9 4

1894

4,611,361

10.2

1,620,740

1895

5,081,198

10.2 1

1,773,0491

In this table the rate of increase is estimated by the same method adopted
in reference to the New York office. But, unless all expectations prove delu-
sive, the increase in the receipts of the Chicago office will far outrun these
figures. It would not surprise any observer of the growth of Chicago and
the expansion of its business, if these should be so accelerated during the
next two years from natural causes and by reason of the World's Fair that
the receipts of this post-office for the year ending June 30, 1893 should bound
up to $6.000,000. In that event, which is entirely within probability, the
urgency for increased post-office accommodations to take care of such busi-
ness is 50 per cent, greater here than in New York, for our local office is
already accomplishing more with proportionately less facilities and expendi-
tures than is the New York office.

Inspector's Department. Located Room 93 of Post-office building:
Inspector, James E. Stuart, in charge of Chicago Division, comprising the
States of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota. Assis-
tants : Angrew Irle, Miss Lenore Mooney, Herbert Towlson. The
Inspector in charge has fifteen Inspectors under his supervision with 10,000
postmasters and their innumerable employes to look after. All cases of
irregularities, depredations or violations of postal laws, should be reported to
the Inspector. [There is a very general misconception of the duties of the
Inspector. He is in reality the' personal representative of the Postmaster-
General. To him is submitted all matters concerning the management of
Post Offices, the establishment of new Offices, the plans of new buildings, the
bonds of Post Musters, the fitness of applicants, etc., etc. The work on dep-
redations is but a small part of the volume of business done bvtlie Inspectoral
Chicago. Major James E. Stuart, the present Inspector at this point, has
been connected with the department for fifteen years, and is recognized as
one of the most efficient officers in the service.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 87

International Money Order System. Orders can be obtained upon any
money-order office in Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Austria, Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, France,
Algeria, Japan, Portugal, The Hawaiian Kingdom, Jamaica, New Zealand,
New South Wales, Hungary, Egypt, and Hong Kong, India and Tasmania,
Queensland, Cape Colony, The Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands for
any sum not exceeding $50 in United States currency. No singleorder issued
for more than $50. Parties desiring to remit larger sums must obtain addi-
tional money-orders. There is no limit to the number of orders in the Inter-
national Money-order System. The fees for all International Money-orders,
are on ordersnot exceeding $10 10 cents ; over $10 and notexceeding $20
20 cents ; $20 and not exceeding $30 30 cents ; $30 and not exceeding $40
40 cents ; $40 and not exceeding $50 50 cents.

Mail Train Service. There are 289 mail trains arriving and departing from
the city daily, excepting Sunday ; of these trains 174 have railway post-offices
attached, in' which 362 clerks are daily employed in the distribution of the
mails while in transit. In addition to this number of railway clerks, a force
of thirty-three clerks employed by the Chicago post-office is sent out on the
night trains to the meeting point of incoming railway post-office trains, on
which they return to distribute and make up the mail for the main office and
stations, for immediate delivery by carriers upon arrival. This system of
quick delivery of incoming mails was instituted by the present postmaster.
Col. James A. Sexton. By this method sixty -five to seventy per centum of
the mails received during the twenty-four hours is placed upon the counters
of banks and business houses in the business portion by 9 o'clock in the
morning. There are 110 separate mails closed daily for despatch, the first
close being made at 3:20 A. M., and the last at 10:30 p. M. A corresponding
number of mails is received daily. There are also used daily 1,014 leather
bags, and 2,930 canvas bags in conveying the mails to and from the post-
office and railway trains. The weight of the empty bags alone amounted to
3,249,253 pounds for the year. The headquarters of the 6th Division Rail-
way Mail Service, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and
Wyoming Territory, are located in Chicago. In this division 886 railway
clerks are employed in the distribution of the mails on the cars. During the
year ending June 30. 1891, these clerks traveled 139,435,380 miles. The Division
of Post-office Inspectors, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Minnesota and the two Dakotas, have their headquarters here.

Officers of the Post-office The principal officers of the post-office are :
Postmaster, James A. Sexton; Assistant Postmaster, John M. Hubbard;
Supply Clerk, J. W. Ward; Record Clerk, John Matter; Superintendent
of mails, John A Montgomery, Private Secretary, Horace H. Thomas;
Cashier, Charles Catlin; Book-keeper, T. R. Melody; Superintendent of City
Delivery, M. J. McGrath ; Superintendent Money order Division, H. P.
Thompson ; Superintendent of Registry Division, R. T. Howard.

Outlying Chicago Post-offices. There are, aside from the general post-office
and its branches in the different divisions of the old city, fifty-eight separate
and distinct post-offices within the corporate limits of Chicago, as follows:
Argyle Park, corner Winthrop avenue and Argyle street; Auburn Park,
corner Seventy-ninth and Wright streets; Avondale, corner of Kenzie and
Belmont avenues; Bowmanville, Lincoln avenue, near Fifty-ninth street;

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Buena-Park, opposite railroad station of lhat name; Burnside Crossing, cor-
ner Cottage Grove and Lyon avenues; Calumet, Clinton, near Eighty-ninth
street; Central Park, 4131 West Lake street; Cheltenham, 159 Cheltenham
place; Chicago Lawn, corner Sixty-third street and Central Park avenue;
Colehour, 10301 Avenue K; Cragin, opposite railroad station of that name;
Crawford, Butler avenue, near Twenty-fourth streeet; Cummings, Torrence
avenue, near One Hundred and Seventh street; Dunning, corner of Cherry
street and Irving Park boulevard; Edgewater, on Chicago & Evanston rail-
road; Elsdon, Fifty-first street, near Trumbull avenue; Englewocd, 6211
Wentworth avenue; Englewood Heights, corner Eighty-ninth and Page
streets; Forest Glen, corner Elston and Forest Glen avenues; Forest Hill,
corner Seventy -ninth and Robey streets; Gano, corner One Hundred and
Sixteenth and Dearborn streets; Grand Crossing, corner Seventy-fifth street
and Wilson avenue; Havelock, corner Front street and Cemetery avenue.
Hegewisch, 13303 South Chicago avenue ; Herinosa, Armitage street, near
Keeney; High Ridge, corner Weber avenue and Chicago & North-Western
railway; Irving Park, Charles avenue, near Irving Park boulevard; Jefferson,
Milwaukee avenue, near Maynard street; Judd, corner Ninety-third street
and Washington avenue; Kensington, Kensington avenue, near Front street;
Linden Park, corner Robinson avenue and Einzie street; Mandell, corner
West Forty-eighth and Harrison streets; Maplewood, corner of Evergreen
and Maplewood avenues; Mayfair, St. James street, near Franklin; Mont
Clare, at the railroad station of that name; Moreland, corner West Forty-
eighth and Kinzie streets; Pacific, at the railroad station of that name; Park
Manor, 6760 South Chicago avenue; Parkside, Stony Island avenue, near
Sixty-ninth street; Pullman, corner Morse avenue and One Hundred and
Twelfth street; Ravenswood, east of Ravenswood park, near Wilson avenue;
Riverdale, corner Indiana avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth street;
Roseland, corner Michigan avenue and Union street; Simons, Kimball ave-
nue, near Bloomingdale road; South Chicago, 9150 Commercial avenue;
South Englewood, corner Vincennes avenue and Halsted street; South
Lynne, Sixty-fifth street and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad; Sum-
merdale,near Fifty-ninth street and Ravenswood park; Washington Heights;
Wildwood, Indiana avenue, near One Hundred and Thirty-third street;
Woodlawn Park, corner Sixty-third street and Illinois Central railroad.

Post-office Bvilfling. Located on the square bounded by Adams street
on the north, Jackson street on the south, Dearborn street on the east and
Clark street on the west, in the heart of the business center, within easy walk-
ing distance of all the great hotels, railroad depots and street car terminals.
The erection of the building was commenced in 1871, after the great fire, in
which the old post-office building, northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon-
roe streets, where the First National Bank building now stands, was
destroyed. Architecturally and mechanically the structure is a failure.
Although costing in the neighborhood of $5,000,000, it has been an eyeaore
to the people of Chicago, a perfect blot upon the architectural beauty of the
city, and inconvenient, inadequate and unsafe for the purposes to which it is
dedicated. When erected it was supposed to be large enough to meet the
demands of the Chicago postal service for fifty years to come. Inside of
ten years it proved to be too small. The building as it stands to-day is
hardly worth a description. The visitor, however, will be interested in
walking through it, because of the immense volume of business conducted

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 80

there, and the bustling crowds to be met with in the corridors. A new post-
offlce to cost between $5,000,000 and f 6,000,000 will shortly take its place.
Whether the same site will be occupied is not definitely settled at this writ-
ing. The building is also occupied by the Custom-house officers and the
United States courts.

Postal Notes. Postal notes for sums not exceeding $4.99 will be issued on
payment of a fee of three cents each. These notes are made payable to
bearer at any money order office in the United States which the purchaser
may designate.

Railway Mail Service. Room 83 Postofflce building. Superintendent of
Sixth Division, L. L. Troy; Asst. Supt., E. L. West.

Railway Post-offices. Railway post-offices are established on all lines from
Chicago. These offices run upon nearly all trains, and letters may be mailed
at the cars up to the moment prior to the departure of the trains. Stamps of
the denomination of two cents may be had at the cars.

Rates of Postage. The letter rate of postage is two cents for each ounce,
or fraction thereof, throughout the United States and Dominion of Canada.
The postage on letters dropped in the office for delivery in the city is two
cents per ounce. All letters must be fully prepaid by stamps. The following
classes of letters are not advertised: Drop letters, box letters, letters directed
and sent to hotels and thence returned to the post-office as unclaimed; letters
returned from the dead-letter office to writers, and card request letters; circu-
lars, free packets, containing documents, speeches, and other printed matter.
N. B. A request for the return of a letter to the writer within thirty days or
less, written or printed with the writer's name, post-office and State across
the left-hand side of the envelope, on the face side, will be complied with.
Such letters will be returned to the writer free of postage.

Mail Matter of the Second Class. This class embraces newspapers and
)ther periodical publications, issued not less than four times a year, from a
inown office of publication, and bearing a date of issue, and which have no
iloth, leather, or other substantial binding. Such publications must have a
legitimate list of subscribers, and must not be designed primarily for adver-
tising purposes, or for free circulation. The rate of postage on second-class
wiatter, when sent from the office of publication (including sample copies), or
v;hen sent from a news agent to actual subscribers, or to other news agents,
is one cent per pound, or fraction thereof; but if sent by any other than the
publisher, or a news agent, is one cent for each four ounces, or fraction
hereof.

Mail Matter of the TJiird Class. This class embraces transient news-
papers and periodicals, books (printed), photographs, ciiculais, proof-sheets,
and corrected proof-sheets with manuscript copy accompanying the same,
and all matter of the same general character, as above enumerated. The rate
of postage is one cent for each two ounces, or fractional part thereof,
except on transient newspapers and periodicals of the second class, which
will be one cent for each four ounces, or fraction thereof.

Mail Matter of tlie Fourth Ckus. This class embraces labels, patterns,
playing cards, addressed tags, paper sacks, wrapping paper, and blotting pads,
with or without printed advertisements thereon, bill heads, letter heads,
envelopes plain, or printed addresses thereon, ornamented paper, and all

90 GUIDE TO CHCAGO.

other matter of the same general character. Thisclass also includes merchan-
dise and samples of merchandise, models, samples of ores, metals, minerals,
seeds, &c., and any other matter not included in the first, second or third
classes, and which is not in its form or nature liable to damage the contents
of the mail bag, or harm the person. Postage rate thereon, one cent for
each ounce, or fraction thereof.

Receipts and Revenues of t/ie Chicago Post-office. The receipts and dis-
bursements of the Chicago oilice and sub stations (exclusive of the fifty-eight
outlying post-offices) for the year 1891 show a net profit of $2,500,000, an
increase of $500,000 over the year 1890. During the same period the mail
matter dispatched from the Chicago office amounted to 33,065,063 pounds, or
336,894,627 pieces, a large increase over the previous year, while the number
of registered articles handled and not included in the above amounted to
3,282,585 pieces, an increase of 184,599 pieces over the year 1890. In addition
to this, the number of money-order transactions reached 1,917,689, aggrega-
ting a sum of $20,396.166, an increase over the year 1890 of $1,107,219 in that
department of the office alone. The amount of mail in transit through the
city of Chicago and transferred from incoming to outgoing trains is estimated
to have reached the enormous bulk of 62,600 tons for the year, an increase
over the year 1890 of 35,225 tons.

Receipts for 1S91. The receipts of the Chicago post office for 1891 were
$3,679,265, as against $3,318,889 for 1890 ; percentage of increase 101 per
cent.

Registry Department. Letters can be registered to all parts of the United
States upon payment of a fee of ten cents in addition to the regular postage.

Salaries of Officers. Postmaster, $6,000 per annum; assistant postmaster,
$3,000; the superintendent of the city delivery, $2,700; the superintendent of
mails, $2.700; the superintendent of the money order department, $2,400; the
superintendent of the registry department, 2,400 ; the cashier, $2,600 ; the
accountant, $1,700 per annum; clerks, from $800 to $1,200, according to length
of service; carriers, from $600 to $1,000, according to length of service.

United States Money Order System. The Fees for Money-orders are : On
orders not exceeding $5 Scents; over $5 and not exceeding $10 Scents;
over $10 and not exceeding $15 10 cents ; over $15 and not exceeding $30
15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $4020 cents ; over $40 and not exceed-
ing $50 25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60- -30 cents ; over $60 and
not exceeding $7035 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80 40 cents ; over
$80 and not exceeding $10045 cents ; no fraction of cents to be introduced
in the order. No single order issued for more than $100. Parties
desiring to remit larger sums mast obtain additional money-orders. No
applicant, however, can obtain in one day more than three orders payable at
the same office and to the same payee.

PUBLIC EDUCATION.

The public schools of Chicago are conducted under the supervision of a
board of education, which consists of male and female members, appointed
by the mayor, and who are about equally divided politically. The executive
department is in charge of a superintendent, eight assistant superintendents,

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

a Supervisor and assistant supervisor of evening schools* a clerk, an attorney,
school agent, business manager, chief engineer, auditor, assistant clerk, assist-
ants to business manager, stenographers and .type-writers, and manager
and assistants in supply department.

City and County Public Schools. The following is a summary of miscel-
laneous statistics, compiled by the county superintendent of schools, from
the reports of township trustees for 1889-1890. It contains later statistics of
the city public schools than any issued by the Chicago Board of Education:

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Chicago.

County
excluding
Chicago.

Whole
County.

No. ungraded schools

131

No. graded schools

180

2il

No. high schools ....

'Whole No. schools

192

193

C98

Average No. of months schools sustained

9.10

8 4

Ch ildren under 21 years

473,234

429 14

516 138

Between 6 and 21 years

289,483

28,171

317 604

No. in graded public schools

146,751

10,890

146,441

4 460

No enrolled in private schools

6'?,713

3,8P6

66' 6(9

Total in public and private schools

198,264

19,246

217,510

11 415

No. teachers in public schools

3,%9

409

3,251

1,164

145

1,809

No unable to rend or write .

2,599

2,635

Principal of township funds

$ 911,8 4

$ 2<M,536

$1,116,371

Total district tax levy

4,250,000

367,457

4,617,457

Bonded school debt

2,036.000

364,659

2,400,650

Estimated value township fund lands

3,963, "31

942,211

4.9C5.440

Cook County Normal ScJiool. Situated on Stewart avenue, near Sixty-
seventh streets. Post-office address, Englewood, Cook county. Take train
at Van Buren street depot, Van Buren and Sherman streets. An institution
for the higher education of public school graduates desirous of becoming
teachers.

Compulsory Education. There is a compulsory education law in force in
this State, the provisions of which would require too much space to set forth.
In effect, however, it provides that all children between the ages of seven and
fourteen years shall be in some school for at least sixteen weeks of each year.
It does not insist upon attendance at public schools. They may be public,
private, T parochial, but the law flatly states that all children who are able
must be at school somewhere for the time specified. Reasonable exceptions
are made, of course, and are observed at the discretion of the truant agents.
The process of picking up a child from the streets and placing him in school
is called by the agents "an investigation." About 20,000 investigations were
made m the school year 1890-91. Over 11,200 children were placed in school
and the others were excused for proper causes. The amount, of work done
showed a great increase over that of the previous year. During the entire
nine months of the school year of 1889, there were but a few over 8,000 inves-
tigations, and less than 3.000 children were placed in schools.

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Receipts and Expenditures. Summary of receipts and expenditures In
districts, as shown by reports of township treasurers for 1889-1890:

RECEIPTS.

Chicago.

Excluding
Chicago.

Whole
County.

Balance in hands township treas. July 1

$ 82,374

$ 405,374

$1 297 749

State, county and townsnip funds distributed by
trustees

462,347

2931

484 278

Special district taxes received

2,581,456

375350

2956 806

44 674

44 f>74

Temporary loans and other sources

310503

31 768

312'272

Total

4 246,682

878,993

5 125682

EXPENDITURES.

Paid to teachers

2 021 779

294,511

t 316 291

N ew school houses

68H,373

86,175

774 548

39 79J

12084

51 874

Repairs and improvements

241,116

36 891

278 008

School furniture and apparatus

48,276

11,504

59 780

.Libraries

9,882

57,521

433397

Paid district clerks

27,377

2,208

29585

Paid on district bonds . .

77,500

47,631

125 130

Paid interest on district bonds

105,583

25,488

131 089

Miscellaneous

151,667

211,149

362 817

Total

$3,787,222

$ 785,413

$4 572,635

Balance in treasurer's hands due district

459,460

936,865

653,046

Total

$4,246,682

$ 878,499

$5,135,682

Manual Training in tlie, Public Schools. The Chicago English High and
Manual Training School, for instruction in the mechanical arts, was opened
in August, 1890, and occupies the large public school building on West
Monroe street, near Halsted street. This school is under the direction of
the city board of education. Albert R. Robinson is the principal. In grade the
manual training school ranks with the high schools, and no student is admit-
ted until he hag passed through the grammar grade. Promotion cards
entitling the holder to be admitted to the ordinary high school will admit
him also to the polytechnic school. A full term, three years' course, has been
laid down, and when the student has completed this, he will be graduated
with honors and a diploma, the same as if he had gone through the high
school. Three years aero the school board decided to provide a manual train-
ing course of study. Those who desired to take advantage of the study were
excused from certain branches in the high school and went to the training
school at noon to take the lessons. In 1889 there were about seventy-five stu-
denls in the manual training classes, but the division of work between this
and the high school was far'from satisfactory to the board, and hence the old
scheme was abolished, and the necessary step was taken to launch the new
school. The previous work had gone no deeper than working in wood. Now
all of the departments are added. Blacksmith forges are placed in the base-
ment, and all the machinery is located on that floor also. The first floor it

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 93

given up to the wood-working trades, while the upper floors are utilized by
the classes in English, mathematics and the natural sciences. There is a
course in commercial law and practical book-keeping, and every effort is
made to send each student away with a sufficient knowledge both of busi-
ness aad the trades to help him in almost any line of work which it may be
his lot to follow. By glancing over the curriculum below it will be seen that
none of the essential high-school branches are neglected. The idea is to
combine the practical and theoretical as far as possible. The Latin and
Greek branches are lopped off the regular high-school course as well as some
of the higher sciences, such as geology, astronomy, biology, etc. Professor
Clafliu has six assistants, all skilled in the different arts. A new building
(3 stories) for use as a workshop ha been erected during the past year to
accommodate the increased attendance.

Free Night Schools. The term of the night schools is three moths every
winter preceding the holidays. The total enrollment at the above schools last
winter was about 12,000. New schools and new branches of study are added
every year. The Board of Education is paying more attention and attaching
more importance to free might instruction now than ever before.

Physical Culture in the Public Schools. When, Nov. 4, 1885, the Board
of Education appointed Henry Suder, instructor at the North Side Turner
Hall, and a graduate of the Normal Training School, of Milwaukee, as a
special teacher of physical culture, it was a test. Prof. Suder had only four
schools to teach then the old Douglas on the South Side, the Brown and
King schools on the West Side, and the Lincoln on the North Side. The
pupils became at once interested in the new departure, and the teachers were
quick to notice an improvement in the discipline and mental work of their
classes. In 1886 the board extended the physical culture classes to all the
grammar schools in the city, and eight special teachers were appointed to
assist Prof. Suder. In January, 1889, the system was introduced into all the
primary departments of the city, and four teachers were added to the physical
culture staff. In the following May, exercises were commenced in the North,
South, and West Division high schools, Henry B. Camann, a graduate of the
Milwaukee Normal Training School, being appointed to conduct the classes
in those schools. In addition to Prof. Suder and Mr. Camann, the following
teachers comprise the physical culture staff: Grammar Schools Herman
Hein, Oscar Weinbrod, August Zapp, William Kopp, Henry Hartung, Alvin
Kindervater, OttoGreubel, F. D. Brasius; Primary Schools Ernst Hibbeler,
F. L. Jaho, Alfred E. Belitz, Carl Graner, Charles Cobelli, Joseph Grund-
hofer and Mr. Ferdinand Rheil. In the primary schools the pupils are exer-
cised in calisthenics only. These exercises consist of simple muscular move-
ments of the arm and foot, arm and trunk, trunk and foot, and marching and
breathing exercises. The arrangement is such that all parts of the body are
brought into play during the lesson. In the grammar schools smooth wooden
wands, an inch in diameter and three feet long, and wooden dumbbells, shel-
laced, having a combined weight of one pound, and eleven inches long, are
used as an aid to the physical training of the scholars. Wand and dumbbell
exercises are practiced once a week in all the grammar schools, and once a
week the pupils are put through calistheuic exercises. It is in the North,
South, and West Division high schools that physical culture is most practiced
and appreciated. The high schools have more facilities to practice, and the
pupils enjoy the physical culture lessons because they are a relaxation, if noth-
ing else. Mondays and Thursdays of each week Mr. Camann visits the South
Division high school and instructs the classes between the hours of 9:45 a. m.
and 1:15 p. m. The assembly hall on the top floor is an admirable place

GUIDE TO CHICAGO;

for the exercises to be held in, and a piano gives a zest and spirit to the move-
ments, which are lacking iu the other schools. Light clubs are also used in
the South Division high school, and form the most picturesque of all the
exercises. Mr. Camann takes two or three rooms at a time, marshals the
scholars, who number from 80 to 120, and gives them one hour's practice.
Fridays he visits the West Division high school, where there is an assembly
hall similar to the one on the South Side, and drills the scholars for three
hours. Wednesday is the physical culture day at the North Division high
School. In the Northwestern high school one of the grammar school
instructors devotes Tuesdays to exercising the first-year pupils. The cost of
maintaining the physical culture branch in the schools is not great. The
salary list for eighteen teachers amounts to $17,200 per year.

Public School Buildings. The following is a list of the public school
buildings of Chicago, with names and locations:

NORTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Wendell and Wells sts. ; NORTHWEST
DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL Augusta st. and Hoyne are.; SOUTH DIVISION
HIGH SCHOOL Twenty-sixth st. and Wabash ave.; WEST DIVISION HIGH
SCHOOL 8. Lincoln st. and Ogden ave.; ANDERSON 520 N. Lincoln, near
WestDivisionst.; ARMOUR STREET Armour st. and Bickerdike square; BUR-
LING N. E. corner Center st. ; BLUE ISLAND AVENUE 490 Blue Island ave. ;
BOULEVARD Armitage ave. and Humboldt bid. ; BRAINARD 587 Washbourne
pl.;BRENAN 9535 Lime St., near Archer ave.; BRIGHTON Thirty-sixth, W. of
C. R. I. & P. R. R. track; BRIGHTON PARK Thirty-fifth and Lincoln sts.;
BROWN Warren ave., between Wood and Page sts; BURR N. Ashland and
Wabansia aves. ; CALHOUN 1277 W.Jackson st.; CALIFORNIA AVENUE 1119
California ave.; CALUMET AVENUE 2643 Calumet ave.; CARPENTER N.
Center ave. and W. Huron st. ; CENTRAL PARK Walnut st. and Kedzie ave. ;
CLARKE S. Ashland ave. and Thirteenth st.; COLUMBUS Augusta, between
Hoyne ave. and Leavitt St.; COOPER 625 W. Nineteenth st.; CRAWFORD
Twenty-fifth st. and Delaware ave. DEARBORN 768 Clybourn ave; Doo-
LITTLE 109 Thirty-fifth st. ; DORE 217 W. Harrison st. ; DOUGLAS Forest
ave. and Thirty-second St.; EMERSON Walnut and Paulina sts.; FOSTER
441 South Union st. ; FRANKLIN Sedgwick and Division sts.; FROZBEL
853 W. Twenty-first st; GARFTELD Johnson and Wright sts; GEORGE H.
THOMAS High st. and Belden ave.; GOODRICH Brown and Taylor sts. ;
GRANT 994 Wilcox ave,; HANCOCK S. Fairfield ave. and Twelfth st. ; HAR-
RISON 133 Twenty-third et.; HAVEN 1470 Wabash ave.; HAYES N. Leavitt
and Walnut sts. ; HEADLEY Lewis st. and Garfield ave. ; HEALY 3035 Wal-
lace st. ; HENDRICKS York and Laflin sts. ; HOFFMAN AVENUE Hoffman and
Milwaukee aves.; HOLDEN Deering and Thirty-first sts.; HUMBOLDT 920
N. California ave. ; HURON STREET Huron and Frank sts. ; IRVING 45 Lex-
ington ave.; JEFFERSON Nebraska and Laflin sts. ; JONES Third ave. and
Harrisonst. ; KEITH Dearborn and Thirty-fourth sts. ; KING Harrison st. and
Western ave. ; KINZIE Ohio st. and La Salle ave. ; KOSCIUSKO W. Division
and Cleaver sts.; LANGLAND 121 Cortland st. ; LA&ALLE Hammond and
Eugenie sts.; LAWNDALE S. Central Park ave. and Twenty-fifth st.;
LINCOLN STREET W. Ohio and Lincolnsts. ; LOGAN Rhine and Bremen sts ;
LONGFELLOW 688 Throopst.; MANIERRE 100 Hudson ave.; MAPLEWOOD
Diversey st. and California ave; MARQUETTE 297 S. Wood st. ; MCALLIS-
TER Thirty -sixth and Gage sts.; MCCLELLAN Wallace and Thiity -fifth sts.;
MONTEFIORE Sangamon and W. Indiana sts. ; MOSELEY Michigan ave. and
Twenty-fourth st.; MOTLEY Snell st. and W. Chicago ave.; MULLIGAN

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 95

Sheffield ave,, between Clay and Willow sts.; NEWBERRY Willow and
Orchard sts.; OAK STREET 85 Oak St.; OAKLEY N. Oakley ave. and W. Ohio
st.; OGDEN Chestnut, between Dearborn ave. and North State st. ; PEARSON
W. Pearson and N. Market sts. ; PICKARD Hinman st. and S. Oakley ave.;
POLK STREET 195 W. Polk st.; RAYMOND Wabash ave. and Eda st. ;
ROGERS 65 W. Thirteenth St.; SCAMMON S. Morgan and Monroe sts.; SHEL-
DON N". State and Elm sts.; SHERIDAN 627 Twenty -seventh st.; SKINNER
W. Jackson and Aberdeen sts ; TALCOTT W. Ohio and Lincoln sts; THOMAS
HOYNE Illinois and Cass sts.;TriROOP 626 Throopst. ; TILDEN W. Lake
and Elizabeth sts.; TILTON W. Lake and W. F.,rty-fourth sts.; TILTON
branch Mailer, near W. Forty-eighth st. ; TILTON branch 4005 W. Har-
rison st; VEDDER STREET Vedder, near Larrabee st. ; VON HUMBOLDT Rock-
well and Hirsch sts. ; WALSH W. Twentieth and Johnson sts. ; WARD
Shields ave. and Twenty seventh sts.; WASHBOURNE 220 W. Fourteenth st.;
WASHINGTON Morgan, between Erie and W. Ohio sts. ; WEBSTER Went-
worthave. and Thirty-third st.; WELLS N. Ashland ave. and Cornelia st.;
WICKER PARK 153 " Evergreen ave.; WILLIAMS AVENUE Williams and
Tinkham aves.

The Board of Education expended, during 1890, about $320,000 on the
Clarke, Longfellow, Foster, Carpenter and Hedges schools, new schools on
Maplewood, Campbell and Belden aves. and Wright St., and completed
the Horace Mann. The Hammond, Mulligan and George H. Thomas
schools were begun in 1889, on which have been expended about $250,000.
About $20,000 was expended on schools in the annexed districts and for sun-
dry needs.

Revenue of the Public Schools. The revenue of the public schools varies
from year to year, because of the changes (generally increases) in the tax
levies for school purposes, and for other reasons. The last report of the
board of education, however, gives the following statement of revenues,
which will serve as an example: School Fund From rentals of School Fund
land, $512,036,30; from State dividend, $136,313.06; from interest on principal
of School Fund, $45,800.04; refunded by school districts, annexation of 1887,
$19,453 38; tuition of non-resident pupils, $1,275.00; to correct errors in
teachers' pay-rolls, $238 10; unclaimed pay of canvassers of school census
of 1888, $62.62; total on account of School Fund, $715,178.50. School
Tax Fund On account of taxes of 1887 and previous years, $918,472.16;
ou account of tax of 1883, $1,200,078.26; total on account of School Tax
Fund, $2,118,550.42. Miscellaneous sources From sale of old furniture, old
lead, steam-pipe, old iron, stoves, etc., $2,100.64; from rebates on special
assessments, $9,495.88; from sale of old buildings, $1,256,00; from forfeited
deposit of contractor, $117.00; total from miscellaneous sources, $12,969.52;
total actual cash receipts, $2,846,698.44.

Salaries of School Employes. The following are the salaries of school
employes of the City of Chicago, corrected up to the spring of 1892.
SUPERINTENDENTS: Superintendent of Schools, $5,000; Two Assistant Sup-
erintendents of Schools, each, $4 000 ; Six Assistant Superintendents of
Schools, each, $3,500. SUPERVISOHS AND TEACHERS OF SPECIAL STUDIES.
German. Supervisor of German, $2,500; Assistant Supervisor of German,
$1,800. Drawing. Supervisor of Drawing, High Schools, $2,200; Super,
visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $2,400; Assistant Super-
visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $1,800; Two Assistant

96 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Teachers, each, $1,600; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $1,200; One Assist-
ant Teacher, $1,000; One Assistant Teacher, $160. Kinging. Supervisor of
Singing, Grammar Grades, $2,400; Supervisor of Singing. Primary Grades,
$2,050 Two Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, each, $1,700; One Assist-
ant Teacher, Grammar Grades, 1,400; One Assistant Teacher, Primary
Grades, $1,500; Five Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $1,200.
Physical Culture. Supervisor of Physical Culture, 2,100; One Assistant
Teacher, High Schools, $1,200; Eight Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades,
each, $1,000; Six Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $900; One
Assistant Teacher, half time, 500. Deaf Mute Day Schools. Principal, $1,100;
Two Assistant Teachers, each, 700; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $550.
Waifs' Mission. One Teacher, $650. HIGH SCHOOLS. Principal West
Division High, $2,800; Five Principals, each, $2,600; Five Principals, each.
$2,500, One Principal, 1,600; Twelve Assistant Teachers, each, $2,000;
Eleven Assistant Teachers, each, $1,800; Eighteen Assistant Teachers, each,
$1,600; Seventeen Assistant Teachers, each, 1,500; Nine Assistant Teachers,
each, $1,400; Eight Assistant Teachers, each, $1,300; Twenty-eight Assistant
Teachers, each, $1,200; Two Assistant Teachers, each, $1,100; Nineteen
Assistant Teachers, each, 1,000; Four Assistant Teachers, each, $900; One
Assistant Teacher, $800; One Assistant Teacher, $750; Two Assistant
Teachers, part time, each, $600; One Assistant Teacher, part time, $500.

PRINCIPALS OF GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the
Brighton, Brown, Burr, Carpenter, Clarke, Doolittle, Douglas, Franklin,
Garfleld, Lake View No. 2, Marquette, Moseley, Raymond, Skinner, Walsh
and Wells schools, each $2,500 per annum. Also the following-named prin-
cipals, at a salary of $2,500 per annum each: Laura D. Ayres, Charles F.
Babcock, George C. Bannan, Erastus A. Barnes, Will J. Bartholf, Homer
Bevans, Louis J. Block, Henry C. Cox, Emma M. C. Greenleaf, Nellie Har-
dick, Henry D. Hatch, Frank S. Heywood, Lucia Johnston, Kate S. Kellogg,
Cephas H. Leach, Albert R. Robinson, Corydou G. Stowell, John H. Tear,
A. Henry Vanzwoll, Mary M. T. Walsh, Andrew J. Wood. Second
Group. Principals of the Calhouu, Hayes, Jones, Kershaw, Lake View No.6,
McClellan, Oakley and Sheridan schools, each $2,200 per annum. Second
Group, Second Section. Principals of the Central Park, D. S. Wentworth,
Goodrich, Graham (Lake), Harvard, Keith, Lewis, Lake View No. 7, Logan,
Pullman (Lake), Pullman (Calumet), Sherman and Tilden schools, each $2,000
per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group;
$2,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $2,200 per annum for
the third and subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the
Doran, Fifty-fourth Street, Hancock (old city), Headley.Hendricks (Lake),
Lake View No. 1, Lake View No. 3, Lake View No. 4, Lawndale, O'Toole,
Scammon, Sherwood and Thomas Hoyne schools, each $1,700 per annum for
the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,800 per
annum for the second year of service; $1,900 per annum for the third year of
service; $1,950 per annum for the fourth year of service, and $2,000 per
annum for the fifth and subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Prin-
cipals of the Brighton Park, Colraan, Fallon, Farren, Forestville, Hammond,
Hancock (Lake), Maplewood, Oakland No. 2 and Pacific schools, each $1,400
per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group;
$1,500 per annum for the second yearof service; $1,600 per annum for the third
year of service and $1,700 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 97

service. Fifth Group. Principals of the Amerson, Brownell, Carter, Cornell,
Cummings, Duncan Avenue, Gallistel, George H. Thomas, Greenwood
Avenue, Hartigan, Kelvyn Grove, Kensington, Madison Avenue, Phil Sheri-
dan, Roseland, Ryerson, Shurtleff, Springer, Sulzer Street, Taylor and Wood-
lawn schools, each $1,200 per annum for the first year of service as principals
of schools in this group; $1,300 per annum for the second year of service, and
$1 ,400 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salaries
of the principals of the George H. Thomas and Greenwood Avenue schools
to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the third year of this group
($1,400). The salary of the principal of the Roseland school to commence
January 1, 1891, on the salary of the second year of this group ($1,300).
Sixth Group. Principals of the Avondale, Park Side, Scanlan and Webster
(S. C.) schools, each $1,050 for the first year of service as principals of schools
in this group; $1,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $1,200 per
annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salary of the
principal of the Park Side school to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary
of the second year of this group ($1,100).

Ungrouped Schools. Principal of Irving Park school, $1,800; principal
of Oakland school, No 1, $1,800; principal of Tilton school, $1,800; principal
of Washington Heights schools, $1,300 per annum.

PRINCIPALS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS. First Group. Principals of the
Arnold, Cooper, Foster, Healy, Hoffman Avenue, Jefferson, Longfellow,
Manierre, Montefiore, Motley, Mulligan, Oak Street, Polk Street, Rogers,
Talcott, Washburne and Wicker Park Schools, each $1,400 per annum for the
first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,450 per annum
for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third year of
service; and $1,600 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of service.
Second Group. Principals of the Brenan, Grant Langland, McAllister, Pear-
son Street, Pickard, Vedder Street and Ward Schools, each $1,400 per annum
for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,460 per
annum for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third and
subsequent years of service. Third Group. Principals of the Boulevard,
Calumet Avenue, Columbus, Horace Mann, Huron Street, Kinzie, Kosciusko
and Sheldon Schools, each $1,250 per annum for the first year of service as
Principals of Schools in this group; and $1,350 per annum for the second and
subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. Principals of the Hedged, Ken-
wood, South Halsted Street and Wolcott Street Schools, each $1,100 per an-
num. Fifth Group. Principals of the Andersenville, Blue Island Avenue,
Bowrnanville, Buckley, Burnside, Garfield (Lake), Hoerner, J, L. Marsh, J.
N. Thorp, Jefferson Park, Lake View No. 5, Oak Ridge, Park Manor, River-
dale, Rose Hill and West Roseland Schools, each $1,050 per annum. ASSIST-
ANTS TO PRINCIPALS. Assistants to Principals, each $1,100 per annum. HEAD
ASSISTANTS. Grammar Schools. Who have served less than five years in such
capacity, each $900 per annum; who have served between five and ten years
in such capacity, each $950 per annum; who have served ten years or over
in such capacity, each $1,000 per annum. Primary Schools. Who have
served less than five years in such capacity, each $850 per annum; who have
served between five and ten years in such capacity, each $900 per annum;
who have served over ten years iu such capacity, each $950 per annum.

SALARIES OF MALE ASSIST ANT TEACHERS. Andrew Wilson, Andrew Engel,
Burnjde School, each, $750; Michael M.Byrne, Richard H. Stryker, Martin G,-

98 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Henchy, Glaus H. Claussen, Doran School, each, $800; Robert H. Rennie,
Augustus Haley, Andrew B. Combs, John C. Pickens, Harvaid School, each,
$800; David L. Murray, D. S. Wenthworth School, $1,000; George W.
Miller, Irving Park School, $800; Fred. W. Kingsley, William J. Tinen,
Irving Park School, each $775; Joseph Barnabee, Cummings school, $800;
Richard J. Bicktrdike, Avondale school, $800 per annum. ASSISTANT
TEACHERS IN PRIMARY GRADES. For the first year of service, $400; for the
second year of service, $475; for the third year of service, $575; for the fourth
year of service, $650; for the fifth year of service, $700; for the sixth and
subsequent years of service, $775 per annum. ASSISTANT TEACHERS IN GRAM-
MAR GRADES. For the first year of service, $450; for the second year of ser-
vice, $525; for the third year of service, $600; for the fourth year of service,
$650; for the f ft i year of service, $700; for the sixth and subsequent years of
service, $775 i er annum. Second Teachers in Half-Day Division to receive
$50 per annum less than the rates paid Assistants in Primary Grades. Three
Reserve Teachers at a salary of $700 each per annum. All changes in salary
to take place at the commencement of the school month succeeding the expira-
tion of the year's service. SUBSTITUTES. Four Substitutes to be employed at
the discretion of the Superintendent, at a compensation of $4.00 each for each
day of actual service. Other Substitutes to be paid at the rate of $1.50 per
day for each day of actual service. CADETS. All candidates for positions as
Teachers, who hold partial certificates of qualifications to teach in the Chi-
cago Public Schools, issued by the Board of Education, who have been in
regular service in the Schools for two mouths aa Cadets, and who have shown
such proficiency as to satisfy the Superintendent that they are desirable as
Teachers, shall, upon his recommendation, receive a compensation of 75 cents
per day, for each day of actual service in such capacity. After a service of
six months as Cadets, they shall receive a compensation of $1.25 per day.

Estimate of Expenditures for 1892. The estimated expenditures of the
Board of Education for the year 1892 aggregate $5,996,084, as f ollov s: For
s ilaries of superintendent and teacbeis in the primary and grammar grades,
exclusive of teachers of special studies, on basis of salaries of 1891, $2,230,-
825; less estimated revenue of school fund ($480,000), $1,750,325; tuition of
pupils at Cook County Normal School, $7,500; evening schools, $110,000;
school libraries, $2,500; supplementary reading, $20,000; rebinding books,
$1,000; text books for indigent pupils, $5,000; maps, charts, globes, etc.,
$2,500; payments toward pianos, $1,500; Expenses Columbian Exprsition,
$10,000; sundries, $750; salaries, office employees, attorney, and school
agent, $45,000; salaries, engineers and janitors, $255,000; school supplies,
chalk, etc., $50,000; school-house supplies, $15,000; fuel, $110,000; printing
proceedings, etc., $12,000; supplies for sewing for 40,000 pupils, $5,000;
material for manual training, $1,500; school sites, $200,000; new buildings,
$1,765, 000; permanent improvements, $100,000; general repairs, $200, 000; beat-
ing apparatus, $100,000; apparatusand furniture, $50, 000; rentals of branches,
$45, 000;special assessments, $40, 000; incidentals, $45, 000; leeal expenses, $250;
support of high schools other than manual training, $272.500; support of
English high and manual training, $50,000; drawing salaries and supplies,
$35,000; music salaries and supplies, $30,000; German salaries and sup-
plies, $170,000; physical culture, $28,OrO; compulsory education, $25,000;
school census, $15,000; due contracts, less balance of appropriation '91, $145,-
036 $165616; payment of bonds, interest, and orders, $80,500 Total,
$5,821,441. Loss in collection and costs, $174,413, Total estimate, '92,
$5,996,084.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 99

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Occupies entire fourth floor of the City Hall (excepting council chamber).
Was founded in 1872. The library contained on January 1st, Id92, 171,709
volumes, and the collection is increasing by purchase and donation at the
rate of somewhat over 10,000 volunms annually. Its literary treasures, many
of which can not be duplicated at any cost, are at the lowest estimate valued
at $275,000. With an annual circulation and consultation of over 1,500,000
volumes, it leads the circulation of the free public libraries of the country.
At the Paris Exposition of 1889 it received the distinguished honor of an
award of a gold medal, on an exhibit consisting of the annual report, finding
liats and a volume showing in detail the administration of the library in every
department. A readjjag-room is maintained, which last year was patronized
by 500,000 visitor, 450,000 periodicals being given out across the counter.
There are also reference departments, including general, patent and medical,
which are consulted by thousands of people in search of special knowledge,
annually.

A Cosmopolitan Collection, There is not a more cosmopolitan place in
the city thuu the library rooms. It is a place where the people of all nations
from a wide circuit around come for their reading matter. The library iscom-
posed of books in all languages, selected with the greatest care. Naturally, the
English tongue predominates, but every foreign and classic language is well
represented on its shelves. As a result, the library assumes a cosmopolitan
phase, because it is so extensively patronized by the people of so many dif-
ferent nationalities. The method of securing new books is simple. The
librarian really does the selecting. The lists prepared by him are placed in
the hands of a proper committee, who either indorse or modify thelibrarian's
choice, and the amended list is finally voted upon by the board. That the
majority of the reading public who look to the library rely greatly upon it,
is proven by the many applications made daily for the new books they have
heard about or read about in the newspapers. The fact also proves that this
city is the home of intelligent, wide-awake people, who wish to keep abreast
of contemporaneous thought and literature.

Administration and Cost of Maintenance. The Board of Directors con-
sists of nine members, of which three are appointed annually for a term of
three years. The Secretary of the Board is W. B. Wickersham. Frederick
H. Hild, the librarian, has three assistants, namely, E. F. L. Gauss, first
assistant, Elizabeth A Young and KateM. Henneberry. There are forty -three
atttendents regularly employed in the day service of the library, and twelve
in the evening service. With five janitors, one night watchman, one electric-
ian, one expressman, the total number of persons in the employ of the Library
is ninety. The amount expended for salaries last fiscal year was $51,440.54,
which included $2,787 paid for the transportation of books to and from the
delivery stations. t ,The total cost for the maintenance of the library for the year
was $102,869.19. The estimated expenses of the Library for 1892 are as fol-
lows : Salaries, $57,000; books, $16,000; binding, $7,000; heating and light-
ing, $5,000 ; delivery stations, $12,000 ; newspapers and periodicals, $4,000 ;
printing and stationery, $2,000; finding lists, $1,000; incidentals, $2,51)0;
furniture and fixtures, $2,500 ; rent of reading-rooms, $3,000. In addition

100 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

to these suras, there is a tix levy of $400,000 for building purposes, being the
second of a series of annual levies covering a period of five years.

Branch Delivery Stations. The most notable feature of the development
of the library during the year has been the establishment of four branch
reading-rooms. The first of these was opened in December and the other
three at short intervals since that time. A fifth room will be ready durirfg
the present month. The location of these rooms and the average attendance
and number of periodicals issued is as follows :

Monthly. Sun-
average il'iy
periodicals attend-
Vixitors. issued. anee.

No. 1. No. 12<)4 Milwaukee avenue 4.719 4.973 210

No. 2. No. 625 Forty-third street 1,840 3,433 145

No. 3. No. 341 Clybourn avenue 1,715 -a,^C 173

No. 4. No. 164 Fifty -third street 1,708 .... 30

The estimated annual cost of maintenance of these rooms is $2,500 each,
which includes rent, service, light and heat, cost of periodicals and janitor
service. The rooms are open daily to the public from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M.,
and Sunday from 10 A. M. to 10 p. M.

There are now employed in the service of (he library eighty-nine persons.
The amount expended for salaries was $51,440.54. There were sent to the
five binderies, with which the library had contracts, 15,190 volumes, and
there were repaired in the library 14,875 volumes. The amount expended for
binding was $6,786.41. The annual inventory shows 134 volumes unaccoun-
ted for. Of the 135 books reported missing last year 26 have since been found.

Character of Books. A classified analysis of the entire number of volumes
in the library shows that English prose fiction leads in popularity, there
being 27,570 volumes in that department alone. In tlie department of Ger-
man literature are found 18,057 volumes. French literature follows with
8,225 volumes. Some general idea of the character of the entire collection
may be formed from the fact that among the classes well represented are
those of history; biography; travels; poetry and drama; essays and miscel-
lanies; polygraphy and collected works; fine arts; natural sciences; practical
arts (including patents); political and social science; language and literature;
mental and moral science; ancient classics; religion; medicine; law; period-
icals and newspapers; Government documents and State papers; bibliography;
dictionries and encyclopedias; English prose fiction; juvenile literature; Ger-
man, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Bohemian .Polish, Russian
and Scandinavian literature. The largest number of books issued on any
one day in 1890 was 5,272, on February 24th. On the same day there were
used in the other departments 1,799 volumes, making a total of 7,071 vol-
umes, which is the largest circulation reported for any one day in the history
of the Library.

Delivery Stations. The number of delivery stations was increased by
seven during the la^t year, making a total of twenty-four stations now in oper-
ation. Of these six are located in the North Division, six in the South
Division, and twelve in the West Division. There were issued from these
stations 294,880 volumes, an increase of 94,623 over the number reported for
the preceding year. Four wagons are required to transport the books for the
delivery stations to and from the main library, and two daily deliveries are
made to each of the stations except the Irving Park and Ravenswood sta-
tions.

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]

PULLMAN BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVE. AND ADAMS ST.

[See " Great Industries."]

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 101

Circulation of Books. The aggregate circulation of books in all depart-
ments of the library compared with the circulation of the preceding year
was as follows:

1891,

1890.

Home circulation (main library)

(543,022

640,378

Home circulation (delivery stations)

294,880

5Jol,267

Issued to public schools . .

3746

2 336

Keterence department

327,616

331,81,*

Medical department (closed July, 1 90)

1 176

26,376

Patent department

19,477

18,319

Total

1 290 614

1 220 479

The Circulating Department was open for the delivery of books 308 days,
The daily average number of books issued for home use was 8.095, against
2,749 for the preceding year. The largest number issued on anyone day was
5,291, February 24;the smallest number 1,727, July li. The amount received
for fines on delinquent books was $5,350.88, or $497.13 more than was
received from this source last year.

Condition of the Library in 1892. At the last annual meeting of the
Directors of the Public Library, Chairman Shortall submitted a report, the
substance of which is as follows: The number of volumes added during the
year is 20,078, making a total of 166,475 volumes, with a total circulation of
1,290, 514, 942,248 volumes of which were taken upon cards for home use.
The number of visitors to the reading room was 492,837, and of those to the
several reference departments, not including the reading room, 105,606. The
decrease, some 8,000 from the figures of last year in the reference departments,
is attributed to the opening of reading rooms at branch stations, and to the
discontinuance of the medical department, the contents of which latter were
handed over to the Newberry Library at ils request and at that of the
original donors, with our own concurrence, and with a view of making the
same as perfect as might be practicable the Newberry desiring to make such
a medical department one of its specialties.

Since our last communication we have under your direction taken pos-
session of Dearborn Park for our new building, having secured the consent of
every owner of the abutting property save one. this one having promised to
sign when all others had done so. His consent will doubtless be added later.
A settlement has been arrived at between this board and the Soldiers' Home
(to which latter was granted by the Legislature the north quarter of this plot
of ground) upon a satisfactory basis; the soldiers and sailors of the late Civil
War to use and occupy as a memorial hall and for other purposes of their
organization for fifty years, a portion of the building to be erected, with a
reversion thereof to the library the library also having a certain use of the
Memorial Hall.

The Building committe of the library has begun the planning of the inte-
rior of the new building, having called to its aid most competent professional
assistance, and has completed the chief part of that work the basement and
first and second stories and most satisfactory. It is designed to construct
the exterior of the building so that it shall be an honor to the city, ethically
as well as architecturally, without profusion or meaningless ornament on the
one hand, or commonplace simplicity upon the other, but aiming to convey,
exteriorly, that idea of dignity and repose that should mark its use and com-
pleteness.

102 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

We gladly refer to the bequests of our late fellow-citizens, the Rev. William
H. Ryder and Hiram Kelly. Mr. Ryder's bequest, amounting to $10,000, has
been carefully invested for the library's use, and according to its terms; the
bequest of Mr. Kelly will exceed the sum of $125,000, as appears by the
report of our committee, which is also appended hereto, of date April IBlh
last. It is intended that some special commemoration of those public-spirited
gentlemen may be devised and their names and generosity permanently hon-
ored within the new building when erected.

We are now entering upon a most important step in the life of this
"University of the People," the erection of its own home, a permanent house
to hold its treasures; the fruition of a hope that has animated us so many
years. In this we have before the failurc-s as well as the successes of many
others. * We intend, in its construction, firstly, that it shall inwardly subserve
its purpose as perfectly as human skill and foresight can design it, and. sec-
ondly, that it shall express outwardly such true architectural skill and good
taste that it shall stand forever a source of just pride to those State, city,
and indvidual who have had the honor of assisting in its erection, and an
example to all of the value of a discriminating, unselfish, and patriotic
devotion to the public good.

Librarian. The Librarian of the Chicago Public Library is Mr. Freder-
ick II. Hild. He may be addressed directly at the Library. The Secretary
is W. B. Wickersham.

New Library Building. The block of ground formerly known as Dear-
born Park, is reserved by the City of Chicago for a great Public Librarj
Building, the construction of which will shortly be begun by the laying of
the corner-stone some time in the spring, the competing plans for the proposed
building being now before the board.

Number of Volumes. The total number of volumes ?'n the library May 31,
1891, was 166,475, a net increase of 10,232 volumes over the number reported
last year, which was 156,243. The total number of volumes entered in the
accession catalogue during the last year was 20,078, a larger number than
has been added during anyone year since 1875. From this number were
deducted the following items: Wornout books, 4,156; books lost and paid
for, 268; transferred to the Newberry Library, 5,283 volumes of medical and
musical books; books unaccounted for in the annual inventory of 1889, 108; ^
books not recovered from delinquent borrowers in 1890, 31 volumes. Of .
the 20,078 volumes added 16,296 were bought, 1,175 were donated, 663 were
bound periodicals received from the reading room, and 1,944 were acquired
from the Hyde Park Lyceum. The amount expended for books was $17-
669.22.

Percentage of Circulation. The percentage of circulation for home use in
each of the seven classes, compared with the reports for 1889 and 1890, is as
follows :

1891. 18SO. 1889.

History and Biography 10.32 9.70 9.54

Voyages and travels 5.10 4.63 4.56

Science and arts 6.24 6.15 6/0

Poetry and drama "" 3.73 3.12 3.82

Eng Lsh prose fiction and juveniles 62.36 61.77

Rooks in foreign languages 10.16 11.75 11.25

Miscellaneous 2.10 2.53 2.86

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 103

Reference Department. In the Reference Department 326,619 volumes
were issued to 9^,964 readers, a slight decrease from the number reported
last year. The classification of the books consulted is as follows : Arts and
sciences, 16.24 per cent. ; history and biography, 16.49 percent.; periodicals
(bound volumes), 17.08 per cent.; geography and travels, 9.70 per cent.;
language and literature, 9.26 per cent. ; encyclopedias, 5.27 per cent. ; atlases
and statistics 2.23 percent.; public documents, 2.44 per cent.; bibliography,
2.58 per cent.; miscellaneous, 18.71 per cent.

Two- Year Cards. The number of persons holding two -year cards which
entitle them to draw books from the library for home usehas increased from
36,478 to 43,749 during the last year. The entire registration for the year
was 23,815. The number of cards issued to males was 13.357, to females
10,458. Under the new regulation permitting persons to obtain cards at the
delivery stations without calling at the main library 6,839 cards were issued.
The greater number of these were taken by persons who had never before
enjoyed the benefits of the library.

Visitors During 1891. The whole number of visitors to the reading-room
was 492,837, to whom 438,243 periodicals were issued, an increase of 56,425 in
the number of readers and of 49,051 inthe number of periodicals issued over
the report of the preceding year. The average Sunday attendance was 738.
The number of serials on file was increased from 587 to 662 during the last
year. Of these 46S are classified as periodicals, 69 daily newspapers, and 125
weekly and special newspapers ; 348 are American publications, 129 English,
86 German, 20 French, 42 Scandinavian, and 37 in other languages. The
amount expended for periodicals and newspapers was $2,966.95.

REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING.

Building operations for 1891. The building operations in Chicago during
1891 just closed were by far the largest ever experienced in the history of the
city. In round numbers the amount of building done in this city during the
year aggregated $55,000,000. For the year 1890 the total amount of building
was $47,373,209 and $31,516,000 for 1889. The total number of permits
issued during the last year was $11,476, against 11,044 in 1890 and
7,590 in 1889. The combined frontage of these permits represents
280,614 feet, or about fifty-three miles of building frontage. As usual, the
South Division, which includes the business district, shows the largest aggre-
gratecost, $19,943,800, as against $15,577,500 for the year 1890. In Hyde
Park the number of permits issued was 1,990, against 2,044 in 1890. The cost,
however, shows a decided increase $8,505,200, against $6,617,400 in 1890.
The Western division comes to the front with a total of 3,572 build-
ing permits issued, an increase of 565 over 1890, with a combined front-
age of 93,020 feet, and an aggregate cost of $13,360,570. There were
1,398 permits issued for Lake View, to cost $2,850,600, and 2,931 in the
town of Lake, to cost $5,625,600. The building of the Newberry library
swelled the total for the North side. In that division of the city 529 permits
were issued, whose cost aggregates $4,816,000, as against $3,685,000 in the

104

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

preceding year. It is predicted on all sides that the building operations dur-
ing 1892 will be as far ahead of 1891 as that year was ahead of 1890.

The following indicates the great building activity of 1891 as shown by the
building permits. The totals given for the years including 1881 and 1890 are
from the official figures of the Building Commissioner. His estimate is taken
in part for the year 1891.

Building, Comparative -The total for last year is far in advance of any
preceding year, and represents the estimated outlay for the construction of
1 1 500 buildings, covering a frontage of over fifty-one miles. The total
amounts of building permits for each of eleven years are given as follows:

1881 $13,467,000 1887 19,778,000

1883 , 15,842,000 1888 20,3W,000

1883 17,500,000 1889 25,085000

1884 20,689,000 1890 47,422,000

1885 19,624,000 1891 66,360,000

1886 21,334,000

New buildings erected ; 11,28

Feet frontage 281,654

Total cost $54,010,500

Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,8t>

cost ' $309,309,379

" frontage ' 286 miles.

Building Permits for 1891. Building during 1891 showed an expected
increase. The totals inside the city limits revealed the issuance of 11,582 per-
mits, for 281,654 feet, or about 53 miles of frontage, at a cost of $54,010,-
500. The character of the buildings erected was far in advance of any year
in the history of the city. Many of the structures are the most magnificent
on earth. The following comparative table shows the building permits issued
in 1890 and 1891.

1890.

1891.

Months.

No. of
permits

Feet
frontage .

Cost.

No. of
permits.

t - Feet
ontage.

Cost.

576

13,556

$1,320,000

759

17,133

$1 887300

865

19,800

2,226,000

1,070

25,786

2 881 700

1,329

29,695

3,857,600

960

24,299

4 5PO 7(

April

964

20,500

2,767,000

1,035

24,386

4,070 100

May . ."

1,854

24,840

3,388,000

1,100

27,481

4 671 800

1,064

21,500

7,899,900

1,122

30,120

4 786 000

July

1,047

24,570

4,789,600

1,097

25,147

4,782,500

1,038

24,750

6,737,000

1,035

24,954

3 711 700

September

1,015

23,442

.,676,00')

1,102

24,937

4,324 900

1,188

28,890

4,832.000

1,137

27,008

6 611 000

November

824

16,790

2,169,700

759

18,421

8,702 700

588

12,579

3,725, 300

450

12,000

3 700000

Total

11,583

260,919

47,390.000

11,626

281,654

54,010,500

CHICAGO AS IT IS.

105

Real Estate Transfers. The following is the total number and amount of
real estate transfers within the city limits having a consideration of $1,000
and upward which were filed for record during the year ended Thursday,
December 31, 1891:

MONTH.

SALES.

CONSIDERATION.

January

2,007

$12,387 988

February

1,589

10,695 707

March

1,8J4

12,065 120

April

2 053

13,623 598

May...

2,< 76

16,448*826

June

1,996

13, J56 130

July . .

3,77-J

1 1,754 014

August

1,444

9,093 528

September

163

11,383 472

October .

1,6

9,9^1 056

November

1,476

10.115,088

December ....

1.280

9,794 319

Total for the year 1891

20,800

140,338,847

Total for the year 1890 ,

22,804

174,172,769

The growth of Chicago during the last year is something marvellous, as
is best illustrated by the fact that rents advanced and all classes of residence
and flats are occupied. Notwithstanding the great number of dwelling houses,
apartment and office buildings erected during the year, vacant dwellings and
flats are very scarce and new buildings are being occupied as fast as they are
finished.

Another feature of the market during the year 1891 is the enormous
growth of Chicago as a manufacturing center. Manufacturers from all
parts of the country have located in Chicago, and many more are contem-
plating a removal to this city, which additions are bound to make it the larg-
est manufacturing center in the country. The importance of this feature for
the permanent benefit and growth of Chicago can hardly be overestimated.

Building Operations Since lS76:rom 1876 to 1889 there were erected
in the city 37,042 buildings, covering a frontage of 172 miles, costing $176,-
460,779, being an average of 3,087 per year for twelve years, an average of
14% milesof frontage, and an average cost of $14 705,065. The least number
of buildings erected in any one year was in 1878, with a frontage of about
six miles. The least expenditure was in 1879. The largest tiansaction for
same period was in 1888 number of buildings 4,958, 22 miles frontage,
expenditure $20,360,800. During 1889 the number of buildings erected was
7,590, covering over 34 miles of street frontage and costing $31,516,000.
The buildings erected in 1890 covered a frontage of 50% miles. In the
South Division 1,120 buildings were erected, having a frontage of 29,594
feet, and at a cost of $15,400,800; in the North Division 503 buildings, with a
frontage of 14,055 feet, costing $3,681,200; in the West Division 8,994, with
a frontage of 91,336 feet, costing $13.687,600. In Hyde park 2,052 buildings
were erected with a frontage of 44,481 feet, costing $6,624,300. In Lake
2,889 were erected, with a frontage of 63,297 feet, costing $5,578,100. Lake

106 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

View added 1,051, with a frontage of 23,518 feet, costing $2,350,100. The
total building transactions of Chicago in 1890 were as follows:

New bindings erected 11,636

Feet frontage 281,654

Total cost $54,010,5(10

Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,868

" cost " " $309,309,379

frontage ' " 5 X86 milep.

Some of the Great Buildings of 1891. The Economist ,in its annual edition,
gave the following :

One fifth of the total cost for the year is composed of 22 massive struct-
ures, chiefly office buildings, the majority of which are well under way and
nearing completion, while six for which permits were issued during the agi-
tation of the subject of limiting the height of buildings will not
be constructed for some time, possibly years. The large buildings now in
process of construction are as follows: The Unity at a cost of $750,000 ;
Cook County Abstract and Trust Company, $600,000 ; Ashland block, $600,-
000 ; German Opeia House, $600,000 ; the Newberry Library, $500,000 ; the
Mecca apartment house, $600,000 ; the Venetian, $300,000 ; Hopson's Hotel,
$250,000 ; J. W.Ellsworth's office building at 353 and 359 Dearborn street,
$250,000 ; Chicago Athletic Association's -Club House, $200,000 ; John M.
Smyth's mercantile building, "$200,000 ; American Express Company's Stables
at ISebor and Clinton streets, $200,000. The large buildings for which per-
mits were issued, and on which work has not jet been commenced are as
follows : The Marquette, on the site of the Honore block, $900,000 ; Hig-
gins & Furber's, sixteen-story store and office building at the southeast corner
of State and Washington streets, $800,000 ; D. E. Blodgett, a twelve-story
office structure on the site of the Times building at Fifth avenue and Wash-
ington street. $700,000 ; D. E. Bradley, a sixteen-story office structure on
Quincy and Jackson streets, east of Dearborn, $600,000; Francis Barlett's
sixteen story office building on the south side of Van Buren street, between
Dearborn street and Plymouth place, $600,000 ; Brooks estate on Dearborn
street, north of Van Buren, sixteen-story office building, $600,000 ; Byron L.
Smith, sixteen story store and office building at the southwest corner of Mich-
igan avenue and Washington street, $400,000 ; William A. Giles, twelve-story
office building at the northeast corner of Jackson street and Fifth avenue,
$400,000 ; the George A. Fuller Company, a fourteen-story mercantile build-
ing at 147 and 153 Fifth avenue, $400,000 ; and Otto Young, sixteen-story
store and office building at the northwest corner of State and Madison streets,
$288.000; the total involving an expenditure of $10,738,000.

Other notable buildings for which permits were issued during 1891, many
of which are now completed, are as follows: The six-story store and apart-
ment house being erected by St. Luke's Hospital at 1423 and 1429 Michigan
avenue, at a cost of $140,000; estate of B. F.Tobin, six-story apartment house
at the southeast corner of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty third street, at a
cost of $125,000; B. Philpot, four-story store and Hat buildings at the north-
west corner of Michigan avenue and Thirteenth street, $100,000; A. Turner,
a four story apartment house at Forty seventh street and Ellis avenue, $100,-
000: John A. Lynch, a three-story residence and barn at 562 and 568 North
State street, $100,000; J. W. Oakley, six story warehouse at 112 and 120
Michigan street, $100,000; M. Krause, six-story warehouse at 158 to 168 West
Randolph street, $100,000; Western Wheel Works, a five-story factory at 127

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 107

and 139 Sigel street, $80,000; L. Wolff Manufacturing Company, to Deconstruct
and add three stories to the building at 91 Dearborn street, $75,000; Frank
Turner, five four story and basement store and flat buildings at 1254 and 1258 1
North Clark street, $70,000; Taylor, Allen & Co., seven three-story houses at
5026 and 5088 Washington avenue, $70,000; George Hankius, eight four-story
flat buildings at the southeast corner of Twenty -sixth street and Indiana ave-
nue, $75,000; A. L. Patterson, seven four-story store and flat buildings at
Forty-third street and Evans avenue, $75,000; F. D. Clarke, ten-story apart-
ment house at 333 and 335 Michigan avenue, $75,000; Einstein &Merritt, four-
story store building at 201 and 207 State street, $70,000; the Citizen's Brewing
Company, a six-story brew-house at 2754 and 8764 Archer avenue, $200,000;
the Standard Brewing Company, an $80,000 plant at the southwest corner of
Twelfth street and Campbell avenue; Peter Hand Brewing Company, a $60,-
000 plant at 35 to 47 Sheffield avenue, while Brewer & Hoffman enlarged their
plant to the extent of $50,000, and the Anheuser-Busch Company, of St.
Louis, built a supply depot at a cost of $50,000.

The city erected twenty-two school buildings, at an average cost of $70,-
000, making a total of $1,540,000. The buildings are mostly three stories
high and contain sixteen rooms, each with a capacity for about sixty pupils.
They are constructed of brick, stone and terra cotta, the interiors being nicely
finished and heated by steam.

SHIP. AND DRAINAGE CANAL.

The question of drainage is one that has received the most earnest atten-
tion of the people of Chicago during recent years. It involves so much of
momentous importance that the State of Illinois has placed it in the hands of
a Drainage Commission, with powers equal to those exercised by the county
or municipal governments. These powers embrace the borrowing of an enor-
mous amount of mouey upon the credit of the people owning property in the
districts to be affected by the carrying out of the scheme, the condemnation
of Und, the digging of canals, the construction of dams, dykes, docks, etc.,
etc., and the general management of the drainage system of the district known
as the Desplaines Water Shed. It would require a volume in itself to give a
proper review of the drainage questioe. The chief features only can be
treated of here:

Changing the Water Flow. In the remote past the overflow of the waters
of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan ran through the Mississippi south to the
Gulf of Mexico, instead of as now northeast through the Gulf of St. Law-
rence to the Atlantic. At the same time Lake Erie was emptying into the
Atlantic through Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence; not by the Niagara, but
by the Dundas valley, a channel not far from the line of the present Welland
canal. Then, at some epoch unknown and for some cause unguessed, the
Detroit strait and the Niagara strait were opened, Lake Michigan slowly fell
about thirty feet, and its outlet (now "the Divide, "at Summit, close to nity
limits, twelve miles southwest of the Court-house) gradually filled up wUh

108

GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

THE SANITARY DRAINAGE DISTRICT.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 109

mixed deposit; so that to-day the dry bed of "Mud Lake " ia the sole remain-
ing representative of the once great southward waterway. Within a few
years, long before the close of the nineteenth century, the old order of things
must be re-established and mighty Michigan once more find its waters flowing
southward. The hand of man will compel it again to turn in its bed, and lie
with its head to the north aud its foot to the south as of old. The canal which
is to be built as an outlet will carry a stream of water 160 feet wide, 18 feet deep,
flowing 2 J miles an hour. Through this canal the largest steamers might float,
but it is not intended that passage through shall be provided for them, because
the locks by which they would have to descend (151| feet) to reach the Illi-
nois river are too small and the river itself is far too shallow for their accom-
modation. Some Mississippi boats can come to us, but our stately ships can
not go to them. Each must break bulk in Chicago. Also an important
consideration light draft gunboats may pass and repass freely between the
great lakes and the great river. As we stand now, any nation having control
of the St. Lawrence and the Welland canal has at least the highway necessary
to command Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan with all that lies on
their shores.

Cost of the Undertaking. To accomplish the ends desired will cost the
Sanitary District (practically the city of Chicago) about $20,000,000.

Disposing of Chicago Sewage. Theone great object of this ship canal, how-
ever, is to dispose of Chicago sewage. When the population was small, the
city was drained by the Chicago river and the lake. Years ago it became
apparent that a change would have to be made in this respect. The course
of the Chicago river is naturally into Lake Michigan, but pumping works
were erected at Bridgeport, in the southwestern part of the city, which lift an
average of 40,000 cubic feet per minute into the Illinois and Michigan Canal,
causing, under ordinary conditions, a perceptible current away from the lake.
The water thus pumped into the canal flows south to the Illinois river and
thence to the Mississippi. Pumping works at Fullerton avenue, on the north
branchof the Chicago river, force water from the lake into thatstream, diluting
its contents, and furnishing the head needed for a flow toward the Bridgeport
pumps. This means of disposing of the city's sewage is wholly inadequate
to its needs, and the pollution of the water supply of the city is constantly
menaced. Measures have therefore been taken to construct a large gravity
channel as an outlet for the sewage of Chicago into the Illinois river. The
Chicago Sanitary District has been formed by act of Legislature of the State
of Illinois; nine trustees have been elected to supervise the construction of a
channel; a corps of engineers has been set at work making preliminary sur-
veys, and plans are being perfected for a channel which will answer the
double purpose of disposing of the city's sewage and establishing a naviga-
ble waterway for the interchange of commerce between Lake Michigan and
the Mississippi river.

Route of the Ship Canal. A trip over the route of the great ship and drain-
age canal will be interesting and iastructive to visitors who are of an inquir-
ing or of a scientific turn of mind. Starting from Bridgeport, where is located
the present pumping works (Ashland and Archer avenues), whose ponderous
engines are laboriously lifting, every minute, 60,000 cubic feet of the slimy,
filthy water of the river, at a cost of $1,000 per week, we strike right across
the country to Summit. Here we come to the bank of the ' ' Ogden-Went-
worth ditch," well known by name to very many and by face to very few.

110 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Sometimes it has been a great, moving flood, bringing Desplaines water in
to work harm to all the low-lying partsof Southwestern Chicago. Now it is a
huge gutter, dry, except for a sluggish rivulet trickling along its middle.
Its purpose was to drain Mud Lake, and by its aid that long, narrow basin is
now and has been for many years dry land at least land dry enough for
agriculture, and to some extent for humble habitation by theunexacting poor.
Its course presents few attractions none, unless the great Chicago Bride-
well be called attractive, which it is not, usually rather to be avoided if con-
venient.

Eight miles out, at the head of the ditch, is the " Ogden Dam,'' another
entity whereof many know the name who would not recognize the aspect if
they met it in their morning walks. It is a plank wall perhaps twelve feet
high on an average, running less than 100 feet northerly and southerly, bar-
ring the eastward flow of the Deeplaines river, save when spring floods over-
top it, Mud Lake becomes once more a lake, and its waters flow with great
speed and volume unchecked toward the city, where they enter the South
Branch and drive its foul winter accumulations out into the lake our drink-
ing fountain.

So we have reached the famous "Divide." This is" Summit." Before
us is the Desplaines, flowing toward the warm, torrid Gulf of Mexico; bebind
us the waters that are destined to the Gulf of St. Lawrence by icy, stormy
Labrador. We have come eight miles fr m Bridgeport, and all the way on
our left we have passed the present canal, its course marked by the long high
pile ol rocks excavated from its bed. Just beyond the canal is the Chicago
& Alton railroad, which closely follows its course nearly all the way to Joliet,
and just this side of it the Chicago and Santa Fe, which crosses the ditch east
of the dam.

It happens quite by accident that the first stretch of the Ogden Ditch
points directly toward the Auditorium tower, and, as we look back along its
course, that square structure is perfectly visible with a glass may be faintly
descried with the naked eye in favorable states of the atmosphere, looming
In the little gap between the low shrubbery that has sprung up on either side
of the watercourse.

Turning our backsto Lake Michigan we see before us to the southwest the
"twelve-mile level " of the Desplaines. At this dry time it is almost without
current, and the landscape along its banks is as tame and featureless as
can well be imagined. Even the canal itself has more fall here than the
river, and its bed is some twelve feet lower than the surface of the stream.
The rolling prairie near Summit changes to a wooded ridge coming in from
the left as we near Willow Springs, a place attractive to festive picnickers
brought out by the Alton and tlie Santa Fe railways, the former following
the left bank and the latter the right. Following the tow path we come in
sight of frequent piles of waste rock, showing that we are entering the great
quarry district. The old canal (still some feet lower than the river) runs near
a high wooded ridge that marks the southeasterly limit of the valley. At
length this ridge begins to grow lower; we are approaching the "Sag" feeder
which used tobring water from the Calumet river anddeliveritto the canal.
Wearily we climb the hill, when, all at once, a strong, cool breeze greets the
beaded brow, and lifting the eyes they are surprised with the sight of abroad
green vale stretching eastward far below, bringing a silvery, winding stream
and a refreshing breath of unmistakable Lnke Michigan air. Here is a ceme-
tery and a Catholic priest in attendance. From him we learn :

CHICAGO AS It IS. Ill

' ' This is the Sag Bottoms before you. It is a low area of land running to
Calumet Lake, some twenty-five miles away. The Indians who used to live
here called the stream the Au-sag-nous-ki, the west grass valley. You see
that winding stream? Well, that's the Sag feeder, the old Calumet Canal.
Buck about '50 they used to run passenger-boats down the feeder. There
wereu'tany railroads to speak of then. The feeder runs clear through from
the Calumet river to Stony Creek, round Lane's Island (which isn't an island
at all, but only high ground), and down through the bottoms into the Illinois
and Michigan Canal just below here. That is the town of Sag over there."

We descend and follow the feeder to its junction with the canal. Its
water is low now, since the canal was deepened (1870), but there is still a cur-
rent passing under the bridge of the railway, its successful and dominant
rival. From Hastings to Lemont the canal presents a lively aspect. Quarry
succeeds quarry in close succession. Each has its swinging cranes at work
loading track-cars and canal-boats, and the canal is frequently bridged with
"locomotive cranes "running on supporting trusses, and carry ing huge blocks
of stone from the quarries to the mills to be sawed or planed into building
blocks or flag-stones. In the quarries proper the scene is active and the sound
continuous. Steam drills and channelers bore and carve the sandstone, and
brawny arms raise and drop the heavy hand-drill. Here is a line of men
sinking a series of wedge-holes into a stratum of the milk-white rock ; beyond
is another line driving a row of wedges with fast-falling blows of the sledge-
hammer. A sharp, cracking noise and the ;plit has run from hole to hole,
and with a grinding sound a long, narrow strip of stone pushes out from its
immemorial bed. "Do you see those men slinking off through the weeds on
the hill ? They are getting out of the way of a blast." Sure enough, in a few
seconds a sound of cannon-shot indicates that several blasts have been fired
simultaneously by electricity. A mass of smoke rises, and as the cloud dis-
perses it discloses a shower of fragments and falling stones.

Below Lemont some extensive earth-moving, "scalping," is doing by
steam shovels to s.trip the rock for quarrying. Though the Desplaines here is
broad, shallow and sluggish, yet it has already fallen a good deal, for it is
now about level with the canal or lower. These inexhaustible quarries of
easily-worked stone are a great and ownly partly recognized factor in making
Chicago what she is and what she will be. Timber to the north, coal to the
south, a great lake to the northeast, a great river to the southwest, and a
glorious country all around what more could be asked to build her up to be
the metropolis of America? Nothing but something to build with. And she
has it all. Lumber is her great staple. Brick, clay and building-sand are her
very foundation, and a whole valley of kindly rock is at her very door. In
truth Chicago is Nature's chosen tabernacle. Vain vain and foolish for us
Chicagoans to fancy that we made our city, for it is Chicago which haa made
us. From Lemont to Lockport the vallev widens, the bottoms forming level
and open areas of prairie. At Lockport the river is some twenty-five feet
lower than at Lemont. Lockport is a large and interesting manufacturing
town, showing the effect of the water-power which even the old canal has
furnished. Much surplus water is now wasting here; not because it is not
valuable, but because it is the product of Vie increased action of the Bridge-
port pumps, an increase which has accrued too lately to allow time to erect
the mills which should be using the power. The flood forms a raging torrent
forty feet wide, attractive to the eye, offensive to the nose.

From Lockport to Joliet is eight miles, but the drainage canal, strictly

112 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

speaking, ceases at Lockport, thirty-four miles below Chicago, where the
river bed becomes low enough to care for the water. The canal is under way
and will surely be completed within our own times. All craft short of our
great lakers will use it. By water to the gulf and beyond will be part of our
daily traffic.

Note. -The canal and its route are almost as far from construction or
determination at this writing as they were when the last edition of the Guide
was given to the public. There is so much vagueness connected with the work
of the commission and the engineers, and so much uncertainty as to plans,
that the compiler does not feel justified in changing the foregoing matter'
There is nothing better to substitute.

WATER WORKS.

The water works of Chicago are among the wonders of the city, not
alone because of their magnitude, but because of the magnificent engineering
features which they present to the intelligent or curious visitor. The great
central pumping works of the system are as follows: Foot of Chicago avenue,
North Side. Take North Clark street" cable or State street car to Chicago
avenue, and walk east toward the lake. These works are at the Southern
end of the Lake Shore drive and should be visited by all strangers. West
Side works, corner of Blue Island avenue and Twenty -second street. Take
Blue Island avenue car. Central pumping station, West Harrison street;
between Desplaines and Halsted streets. Take Harrison street o-r South
Halsted street cars. To visit the different " cribs " situated in Lake Michi-
gan, during the summer months, take excursion boats on the lake shore, foot
of Van Buren street. The fare for round trip is 25 cents. The area of Chi-
cago is about 181 square miles, the greater part of which is thickly populated,
requiring good facilities for an abundant supply of water. This is drawn
from Lake Michigan by a number of separate water works, all of which are
operated upon the same plan. Owing to the perfectly level plain upon which
Chicago is built, there is no natural elevation available for the establishment
of reservoirs. The water, when drawn from the lake, is pumped directly into
the mains against a stand-pipe head of about 100 feet.

Description of Water Works. The Water Works System may be intelli-
gently described by confining ourselves to the principal Water Works, or
those now in full operation. Two miles from the shore, in the lake, a substan-
tial structure is located, which is popularly styled "the crib," within which
is an iron cylinder 9 feet in diameter, extending down 31 feet below the bot-
tom of the lake, and connecting with two distinct tunnels leading to separate
pumping works on shore. Water is admitted into the crib from the surface
of the lake, its flow being regulated by a gate. The tunnel first constructed
is five feet in diameter, and commiraicates with the pumping works at the
foot of Chicago ave., where there are four double and two single engines,

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]

MASONIC TEMPLE, STATE AND RANDOLPH STS.

[See "Guide."]

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 113

which furnishes a daily average of 50,000,000 gallons under a head of 105.7
feet. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter, and extends under the lake
and under the eity, a distance of six miles, to the pumping works on the
West Side, in which there are four engines whose daily performance is about
61,000,000 gallons under a head of 106 feet. A new central pumping station
has recently been built on West Harrison St., between Desplaines and Halsted
sts. , which is for the present obtaining its supply of water from the seven-
foot tunnel just referred to. It is equipped with two triple expansion
engines, built by the Edward P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee, each weigh-
ing 440 tons, including pumps, and each calculated to deliver 15,000,000 gal-
lons daily against ahead of 125 feet, with a steam pressure of 125 pounds.
With a view to meeting the requirements in the near future of this rapidly
growing city, a new lake tunnel is in course of construction. The in-take to
this tunnel will be located four miles from shore, to avoid the pollution of
the water supply from the drainage into the lake. The original plans con-
templated an eight-foot tunnel, but difficulties were encountered in the
nature of the soil which made it necessary to reduce the size, and two six-
foot tunnels are now being driven. An intermediate crib has been built, two
and one-half miles from shore, to enable the water supply from this source
to be made available at an early day. The central pumping station at Harri-
son st. will eventually draw its supply from this new tunnel, as will another
pumping station now in course of erection on Fourteenth st. The latter sta-
tion will be supplied with four triple expansion engines of the same pattern
as those at the Harrison street station.

Cost of Water Works. The total cost of the works constituting the
Chicago Water system is as fojlows:

Cost up to May 6, 1861, when the works were transferred from Board

of Water Commissioners to the Board of Public works $1,020,160 21

Expenditures since 1861.

Cost of water pipe laid (including labor) $7,812,132 37

Cost of North pumping works 918,57314

Cost of West pumping works 896,849 37

Cost of first lake tunnel 464,866 37

Cost of second lake tunnel 415,709 36

Cost of lake crib protection 149,431 63

Cost of new lake tunnel 232,46619

Cost of land tunnel to West pumping works 542,912 63

Cost of new land tunnel 254,894 38

Cost of lake tunnel crib 70,31910

Cost of lake shore inlet 43,871 17

Cost of new lake shore inlet 84,47417

Cost of water worlds shop 25,551 73

Cost of water works stock 29,318 00

Cost of water reservoir fence v . . . 1,702 87

Cost of addition to stable 1,01948

Cost of real estate for sites of new pumping works 200,972 35

Cost on account of Central pumping works 235,150 11

Cost on account of South Side pumping works 141,743 46

Cost on account of new lake crib 19'i,263 65

Cost on account ot breakwater 28,181 93

Total cost of the entire water works to December 31, 1889 $13,772,562 25

Amounts expended in 1890 1,250,00000

Total cost to December 31, 1890 $15,038,562 25

Total Cost to Dec. 31, 1891 (estimated) 18,000,000

114 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

New Water Tunnels. The new water tunnels will be completed long before
the World's Columbian Exposition is held here. It is expected that the
additional water supply will pas through these tunnels and be distributed in
the city before the close of 1892.

Source of Water Supply. The water supply of Chicago and her environs
is taken from Lake Michigan, which is a part of the chain of lakes and rivers
composing the basin of the St. Lawrence. To form some idea of this inex-
haustible and magnificent reservoir of pure water, at the" very doors of her
people, it is only necessary to give a few pertinent statistics. The chief
geographer of the United States geological survey gives the following
data: Area of basin of St. Lawrence, 457,000 square miles, of which
330,000 belong to Canada, 127,000 to the United States. Lake Superior
area, 31,200 square miles; length, 412 miles; minimum breadth, 167
miles; maximum depth, 1,008 feet; altitude above sea level, 602 feet.
Lake Huron area, 21,000 square miles; 263 miles long, 101 broad; maxi-
mum depth, 702 feet, altitude, 581 feet. Lake St. Glair, 29 miles long;
Lake Erie, area, 9,960 square miles; length, 250 miles; maximum breadth, 60
miles; maximum depth, 210 feet; altitude, 573 feet, aud above Lake Ontario
326 feet. Lake Ontario area, 7, 240 square miles; length, 190 miles; breadth,
54 miles; maximum depth, 738 feet; altitude, 247 feet. Lake Michigan
area, 22,450 square miles; maximum breadth, 84 miles; length, 345 miles,
maximum depth, 870 feet; altitude, 581 feet.

Temperature of Lake Water. The average temperature of the water in
the lake, from observations taken at the crib during the year 1891, was: Jan-
uary, 32.0; February, 32.0; March, 35. 4; April, 43.3; May, 51.9, June, 54.9;
July, 6.5.9; August, 60.2; October, 50.6; November, 43.0; December, 37.5.

Water Towers. For the benefit of those wlio do not understand the prin-
ciples of water distribution in a great city, the following explanation is
given : A tunnel from the crib in the lake is built on an iucline so that the
water pours into a well under t<fe^vater works. In getting there it has been
allowed to fall several feet bel^' the level of the lake. When the pumping
Is light, of course the water rijts in the well to the level of its source the
lake but in Chicago the demand is so strong that the pumps keep the water
in the well several feet below that in the lake, raising the water from a dis-
tance maybe sixteen feel below lake surface. After the pumps have thus
raised the water their work is just begun. They must now force it out the
mains and into the houses, just as an ordinary well pump, wiih the valve in
the bottom of the well instead of up near the pump handle, brings the water
to the pump spout. The use of the tower is now shown. Take away a sec-
tion of the masonry and there remains an upright pipe: A description of the
West Side water works tower will serve as an illustration. There the staiid-
pipe is five feet in diameter and about 167 feet high. It is made of plate
boiler iron about five-eighths of an inch thick, and looks like an ojdinaiy
engine boiler, except in length. When the water passes the valve in the
pump it passes through the main pipe close by the base of this tower, or may
pass under the tower. An opening allows the water to run out of the pipe
into the tower stand-pipe. At the West Side works there are four of these
main pipes, all opening into the stand-pipe. Now comes the essential part,
whrch is very simple, when understood. The pnmps are started, say at a
pressure of forty pounds to the square inch of surface. The water is forced
out along the mains, and through the opening into the tower stand-pipe.

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 115

That will raise the water about two and one-third feet in the stand-pipe for
each pound of pressure, which is about ninety-three feet for the forty
pounds. The weight of the water in the p ; pe represents that power, and
stands there as an elastic spring or cushion, rising and fa41ing, equalizing the
pressure on the water faucets and pipes. If every one having faucets on the
main should close them, the water pumped in the main would have an escape
through this pipe, and the result can be imagined the pipe wouldn't hold it
vary long if the pumps were not stopped. But there is an indicator, like the
Iiands on the face of a clock, which shows just how much water is being
drawn, or how much of the power is used, and the engineer regulates his
pumping accordingly. After the above explanation it may be simply stated
thnt the stand-pipe in the water tower furnishes an equalizer, so that when
an engine is rv; ling at a given rate of speed or pressure, the turning on or
off of a few more or less faucets by consumers may not seriously and too
sudcki-ly effect the pressure and supply.

V/ater Supply of the Environs. The water supply of the southern portion
of the territory recently annexed to the city, and known as Hyde Park
and Lake districts, is taken through a five-foot tunnel about 5,000 feet long,
and is pumped by two 12,000, 000-horizontal and one 6,000,000 vertical Gaskill
pumping engines, one horizontal 3,000,000 Knowles engine, two 3,000,000
Cope & Maxwell engines and one of Henry R. Worthington'& horizontal high-
duty pumping on Tines. This plant is located at the foot of Sixty-eighth
street, near the bouth Shore station of the South Chicago branch of the
Illinois Central railroad. The water supply of the northern portion of the
annexed territory, known as the Lake View district, is taken through one
twenty four-inch pipe and one eighteen-inch pipe, and is pumped by one
horizontal 12,000,000 Gaskill engine, one horizontal 5,000,000 Worthington
low-duty engine and a 3,000,000 Vergennes geared engine. A lake tunnel to
supply the pumping engines for this district is now in course of construction.
It will be six feet in diameter and two miles long.

Suburban Water Supply. Nearly every suburban town, whether within the
corporate limits or outside of them, has its own water works. A great many use
the Artesian well system at first, but some, for various reasons, take their supply
from the lake, the water of which answers all purposes of a domestic nature.
Some of the suburbs have water works of considerable magnitude. Evanston,
tor instance, has a system and machinery which a city of 50,000 inhabitants
might be proud of. [See " Outlying Chicago."]

PART III.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.
AMUSEMENTS.

The visitor, whoever he may be or wherever he may come from, will
not lack for opportunities of enjoying himself to his heart's content in Chicago,
no matter in what direction his taste may happen to lie. It is said by those
who have made a study of the matter that there are more places of amuse-
ment open in Chicago daily and nightly than in any other city on the globe.
In addition to such amusements as may be termed strictly American, we
have presented to us here constantly the leading attractions of European
cities. Whatever is popular abroad speedily finds its way to Chicago, to be
tested here at least. The Chicago theatre-goers are as familiar with the work
of the dramatists and actors of Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria,
Italy and Russia, as they are with the work of American dramatists and actors,
becausethere is a constant procession of attractions across the Atlantic, and
because foreign play- wrights and actors of celebrity find an appreciative public
and a golden harvest on this side of the ocean. Chicago during recent years
has become a dramatic center of the first rank. Many new plays are pro-
duced here every season for the first time. The stamp of Chicago approval
usually insures the success of a drama, comedy or burlesque, throughout the
country. Architecturally the amusement houses of Chicago are the best in
the United States ; the interior decorations, the scenery and the stage
fittings of our theatres are unsurpassed. Aside from the theatres there are
numerous first-class places of amusement, all of which are pointed out under
this heading.

Alhambra Theatre. Located at the corner of State st. and Archer ave. ; H.
B. Jacobs, manager. Take State st. cable line. This theatre was opened by
Miss Emma Juch, the prima donna, in 1890. It is one of the handsomest in
the city. The theatre has a grand entrance on State Bt. and another entrance
on Archer ave., both leading inward through a business block to a large court
from which a spacious lobby opens into the main foyer. Here awidestaircaae
leads to the balcony and branches into side flights of steps both at the top and
bottom. The auditorium, constructed upon the most approved modern sys-
tem, is wide but not deep, and has a seating capacity of 2.500 aside from the
twelve boxes. The lower floor seats 750, the balcony 550, and the gallery
1,200. The ornamentation of the interior about the boxes, balconies and
stage front and ceiling, is Moorish in design, and the colors are salmon and
shrimp pink with intermediate shades. One feature of the new playhouse

116

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 117

that makes Its plan well-nigh a model one is the excellent system of fire-
escapes and exits provided. From the various parts of the house are twenty-
eight exits, those from the gallery and balcony reaching to iron staircases,
spiral and straight, running down the exterior walls. The stage is forty-five
feet deep and has an opening of twenty-five feet. There are twenty-four
dressing-rooms, besides two large rooms for "supers," a bill- room, and music
rooms all supplied with every convenience and arranged after the most
desirable plans.

Auditorium^ Theatre. The theatre of the auditorium building is justly
entitled to the distinction of being the best equipped for stage purposes, the
handsomest in interior decorative work, the most perfect in acoustics and
the most convenient and comfortable for audiences in this or any other
country. Columns of praise have been written about it. Architects and
artists of international fame have lauded its merits and its beauties.
Thousands from foreign shores, who have visited it during the various
notable performances which have been given within ita walls, have been
surprised at itssize and magnificence, and gave willing testimony toitssuperi-
ority over their own famous places of amusement. No less remarkable have
been the compliments paid by the famous vocalists who have sung on its
stage. Patti, whose presence has graced all the great opera-houses of the
new and old world, marveled at the ease with which she could sing to the
immense ^audiences which made the opening season so notable. Tamagno,
Lehmann7 Albani, Reichman, Nordica and others of like fame, were no less
complimentary. In short, the opinions of everybody artist, auditor,
lecturer and critical foreigner have been unanimous in declaring the grand
auditorium theatre unsurpassed for all the purposes to which it was
dedicated. The great audience room was thrown open to the public on the
evening of December 9, 1889. The occasion is not likely to be forgotten by
those who were fortunate to secure admission.

The following programme was given:

TRIUMPHAL FANTASIE, - Theodore Dubois.

Composed for this occasion for grand organ and orchestra.
CLARENCE EDDY, Organist.

ADDRESS, - HON. DEWITT C. CREGIER, Mayor of Chicago.

ADDRESS, - - FERDINAND. W. PECK.

CANTATA, - Frederick Grant Gleason.

Composed for this occasion and sung by a chorus of five
hundred voices under the direction of

WILLIAM L. TOMLINS.

ADDRESS. - - PRESIDENT HARRISON.

ADDRESS, - HON. JOHN S. RUNNELLS, of Chicago.

"HOME, SWEET HOME,"

MADAME ADELINA PATTI.

INTERMISSION.

118 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

" AMERICA,"

APOLLO CLUB.

CONCERT FANTASIE, OP. 83, - - - F. De La Tombelle.

Composed expressly for the dedication of the Auditorium organ.

CLARENCE EDDY.
"THE HEAVENS ARE TELLING," - - Haydn.

APOLLO CLUB.

ADDRESS (Dedicatory), HON. Jos. W. FIFER, Governor of Illinois.

"HALLELUJAH," Chorus from "The Messiah." - - - Handel.

APOLLO CLUB.

The presence of President Harrison gave a national color to the festivi-
ties. Patti received a.tremendous ovation when she stepped in front, on the
arm of Manager Milward Adams, and as the last note of "Home, Sweet
Home " wafted through the space the demonstrations were extraordinary
When midnight came the vast audience dispersed and the most brilliant
scene ever enacted in an American theatre remained fixed forever in their
memory. A remarkably prosperous season of Italian opera followed, unde*-
the management of Henry E. Abbey, which lusted four weeks. Next to the
appearances of Patti was, perhaps, the debut of the renowned Tamagno, the
tenor in Verdi's Othello, the first complete performance of which was given
in America during this season. A few weeks later the same company returned
for a supplementary season of two weeks, and the success of the first series
was repeated. The Apollo Club gave its first concert on December 25th. A
grand charity ball, attended by the wealth and fashion of the city, was held on
the 9th of January, 1890.

The Hebrews followed with a grand ball on 21st of same month. Sarasate
and D* Albert, the famous violinist and pianist, appeared on 27th and 29th of
January, and againin February. The important engagementsfollowing were:
The Duff Opera Company, in a series of Gilbert & Sullivan operas; DeWitt
Talmage'slecture, AprilSth; the " Kirmess," April 17th, 18th,19th;the German
Opera Company, from the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, from Feb-
ruary 21st to March 10th; the Apollo Club, May 26th and 27th; the Strauss
Orchestral Concerts, June 2d to 6th; "Shenandoah," August26th to September
6th; return engagement of Duff Opera Company, September 18th to October
4th; Strauss return concert, October 9th to 14th, and a magnificent production
of an English pantomime, direct from Drury Lane Theatre, London, entitled
" The Babes in the Wood," November 10th to December 20th.

The audience room of the theatre is reached from Congress street near the
corner of Wabash avenue. A grand vestibule with ticket offices on the
right and left sides leads to a mosaic paved lobby. The low vaulted ceiling,
pillared by shapely towers and jetted with electric lights, give it a unique
appearance. Several large cloak rooms range along one side, and from the
other broad marble stairs, pfotected by solid bronze balusters, reach to the
foyer. This part of the house is of ample dimensions, and richly furnished.
Two large retiring rooms for ladies and smokers adjoin on the south end,
both decorated and furnished with dainty taste. The house contains 40
boxes, supplied with luxurious chairs and sofas and hung with curtains of
delicate tinted plush. There are 4,050 seats, about 1,500 of which are
located in the parquet. Above the parquet are the first and second balconies

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. H9

and the gallery. The two latter portions of the house can be closed down for
special occasions by iron curtains worked by a windlass and chains an
ingenious arrangement and very useful at times. Over 5,500 incandescent
lamps are used in the theatre and stage. The general color treatment of its
walls, ceiling and pillars is yellow in various shades. The effect produced
when the electric lamps are lit is extraordinarily impressive. The orchestra
pit has accommodations for 100 players.

A special feature of the theatre is the great organ located in a compartment
behind the north walL This instrument was dedicated October 29, 1890, in
the presence of an audience which filled every seat and occupied much of the
standing space in the foyer. The organ is considered to be the most perfect
in the world, and in size ranks among the largest. It contains 7,193 pipes
and swell, and is divided into seven parts, namely, " Great, Pedal, Swell,
Choir, Echo, Solo and Stage." The echo organ is located in the roof over the
parquet, and is operated by means of electricity from the keyboard. The
stage organ, as its name implies, is utilized for chorus purposes in operas,
and for certain stage effect. The instrument, in all its parts, is a model of
moderningenuity, combining all the latest inventions. It is the intention of
the management to give recitals from time to time, consisting of popular
music, for which popular prices will be charged.

The equipment of the stage is the most complete of any In this or foreign
countries. It is modeled after the famous one of Buda Pesth in Hungary, but
has the advantage of improvement effected inthepastfive years mechani-
cal, electrical and hydraulic. The depth from footlights to the rear wall is
sixty-nine feet; the clear width from wall to wall is ninety-eight feet, giving
the total available stage room of 6,862 square feet, an extent equal to the
demands of the most sumptuous productions.

The floor is entirely level in accordance with the last ideas. From the
stage to the cellar floor is a depth of 18 feet, but there is an intermediate floor
for working purposes. The rigging loft is 90 feet above the stage floor, the
entire framework from top to bottom, including the rigging loft, paint
bridges, fly galleries, etc., is of iron and steel. All the pulleys, sheaves and
their bearings are of iron, and the cables by which the drops and border light
are suspended are of steel, flexible and durable. In tie stage floor are four
bridges, four traps, four small bridges and three small traps, so disposed that
the stage can be formed into any shape required for spectacular purposes.
The immense weights of iron and stage floor are lifted and lowered by
hydraulic machinery located beneath. The system is most complete, and
yet so simple that the mere movement of a lever can control all its parts.
The water-power is obtained from an immense tank set in the to^er 180 feet
above the street, and two force pumps with a capacity of 400 gallons per min-
ute maintain the pressure. A unique feature is the "horizon," n panoramic
device moving on a semi-circular iron frame around the three sides of the
stage. Its purpose is to do away with the old time " Sky borders" whfch
have long since grown next to useless, though still found in all other theatres
of America. This "Horizon" is painted to depict all phases of the eky,
clouds and clearness, and the effect of light thrown on it from the sides give
all the necessary effect of movement, lightning, sunset, etc. The property
room lies above the parquet and is a capacious compartment for tlie purpose
of manufacturing and storing all the manifold furnishings required for every
conceivable production. The accessories of the stage are in thorough keeping
with its principal features.

120 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

The dressing-rooms are large and splendidly furnished with every neces-
sary convenience forartists. The electric apparatus is a wonder of complexity
and ingenuity and the arrangement for the disposal and hanging of scene
drops are of the latest and most approved device. To sum up, it may truly be
said that the stage marks the beginning of a new era in theatrical produc-
tions in this country.

The credit for the conception of this splendid structure is due to Mr. Ferd.
W. Peck. It was his unflagging energy, generous and optimistic nature and
personal influence that carried the great project to completion. When others
saw disaster, he inspired hope. The result has demonstrated his wisdom and
foresight. Chicago has amply shown its appreciation of his successful effort
and the. world at large has looked on and applauded. [See Auditorium.]

Battle of Gettysburg Panorama. Located at the corner of Wabash ave.
and Panorama pi. Take Wabash ave. cable line. This magnificent cyclo-
rama has been one of the leading attractions of Chicago for several years,
and hundreds of thousands of people have seen and admired it. The build-
ing iu which the painting is exhibited is similar to those in the leading conti-
nental cities of Europe. Open day and evening. Admission, 50 cents;
children, half-price.

Central Music Hall. The Central Music Hall Block was erected in 1879
by a stock' company, its list of stockholders comprising many of the wealth-
iest and best known citizens of Chicago. Its object was " to promote relig-
ious, educational and musical purposes, the culture of the arts, aud to provide
for public amusements and entertainments." The leader in this then novel
enterprise was its first manager, the late George B. Carpenter, whose rare
taste and judgment, as well as his experience and success as a manager, well
qualified him for the task to which he devoted so much time and thought.
The architect chosen to embody these ideas in plans for the building was Mr.
D. Adler, senior member of the present firm of Adler <fc Sullivan, and o
admirably adapted was the construction of the building for the purposes of
its erection, it immediately became widely known for its high standard of
excellence, and has maintained its popular favor. It has a frontage of 125
feet on State street and 150 feet on Randolph street, its central location ren-
dering it easily accessible from all parts of the city. It is built of grey cut
stone, has a wide and massive entrance of white marble, is six stories in
height, and contains, besides the large auditorium from which the building
derives its name, a small recital hall, known as Apollo Hall, twelve stores,
seventy offices, and a perfectly appointed photograph studio.

The Apollo Hall, which has for years been the rehearsal home of the
Apollo Club, occupies with its parlor and dressing rooms considerable por-
tion of the sixth story, and has recently been remodeled, redecorated and
refurnished, making it the most attractive small hall in the city. The
arrangements of these rooms renders them very desirable and in demand for
select drawing-room entertainments, literary, musical and dramatic. The
Central Music Hall has a seating capacity of 2,000, and is the cosiest, most
comfortable hall in the country. Much space is given to foyer and aisles,
and to ample facilities for entrances and exits. It is tastefully decorated and
furnished, and its acoustic properties have been pronounced perfect by the
great lyric artists, and the speakers who have, from time to time, appeared
upon its stage. The graceful curve of the galleries is a feature of the houeo,
and no seat is undesirable by reason of its imperfect view of the stage, or dis-

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]

THE GERMANIA THEATRE, RANDOLPH NEAR CLARK ST.
[See "Amusements."]

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 121

tancefrom it. As originally intended, the hall is occupied on Sunday morn-
ings by the Central Church congregation, presided over by Prof. Swing, and
for the purpose of religious services there is provided a magnificent organ,
built expressly for the hall by the well known organ builders, Wm. A.
Johusou &Son

The commercial part of the building is always rented to its full capacity
to a high class of tenants, and yields a handsome revenue to the stockholders.
The present officers of the company are Mr. John M.Clark, president; Mr.
Martin A. Ryerson, vice-president, and Miss Emma S. Blood, secretary and
business manager. The Board of Directors includes N. K. Fairbank, Martin
A. Ryerson, R. T. Crane, J. Russell Jones, H. M. Singer, John M. Clark, D.
Adler, Eugene Gary, and Henry Dibblee.

Chicago Opera, House. Located in the Chicago Opera House building,
a magnificent structure, southwest corner of Clark and Washington streets,
opposite the Court-house; close to the principal hotels and convenient to
railroad depots and street car terminals. J. W. Norton & Co., proprietors;
David Henderson, manager. The theatre was built for Mr. Henderson, and
arranged with the idea in mind of the subsequent production upon a basis
never before seen in this country of spectacular extravaganza. For five years
Mr. Henderson has each season given to Chicago a production of musical
burlesque, on a scale beside which everything else in that line ever attempted
in America shrinks to pigmy proportions. The first was the "Arabian
Nights;" the second the unparalleled "Crystal Slipper;" the third a gor-
geously environed version of " Bluebeard Junior ;" the fourth, a reproduc-
tion of the " Slipper," with added novelties and beauties ; and fifth and last,
the success of all successes, " Sinbad." For the summer of 1892 Mr. Hen-
derson has been making more elaborate preparations than ever before, and
work is very well along upon a stupendous production, which will eclipse in
beauty even the dazzling successes which have made the Chicago Opera
House and the American Extravaganza Company world famous. About
twenty-six weeks of the season are usually devoted at the Opera House to
musical extravaganza of Mr. Henderson's own production, and during the
remaining twenty-six the highest class combinations and the greatest stars in
the realms of tragedy, comedy, the drama and opera are to be seen and
heard at the Chicago Opera House. The Opera House is essentially the
representative theatre of Chicago, and a visitor there is always assured
of high class entertainment. The prices range from fifty cents to one
dollar and a half, according to location, and the boxes are ten, twelve
and fourteen dollars on the lower floor, and eight and ten dollars in the
upper tier. The theatre has a seating capacity of about 2,300. The
proscenium opening is thirty-six feet wide, and the height from
stage to " gridiron " is seventy feet, making it one of the finest stages in the
country for plays requiring machinery to produce spectacular effects. The
main floor of the auditorium is constructed of fire-brick or tiling, supported
upon arches covered with a solid bed of cement; all the galleries and boxes
are constructed of iron and steel, and there is scarcely a piece of wood to be

122 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

found in the entire interior. The dressing rooms are below, and are large
and comfortable. There are fourteen exits distributed over the house. The
house is illuminated by electricity exclusively. Admission prices, 50c., 75c.,
$1.00 and $1.50, according to location. Boxes, $10, $12 and $15.

Columbia Ttieatre. Located at the south side of Monroe, between Clark
and Dearborn sts., close to all the leading hotels and convenient to
railroad depots and street car terminals. Proprietors, Al. Hayman and
\Vi!l J. Davis; acting manager, Alf. Hayman. This theatre is the predecessor
of "Haverly's" successor of the 4< Adelphi," which occupied the old post-
office building on Monroe and Dearborn sts., the present site of the First
National bank building. Haverly opened the new theatre, giving it his name,
on September 12, 1882, withRobson and Crane in "Twelfth Night." Business
reverses having compelled Haverly to retire from the management, a new
company was formed, and the theatre was re-christened the "Columbia," by
Miss Ellen Terry, during an engagement of Henry Irving, in 1885. Since
then various managements have had the house in .charge, but all have failed,
with the exception of the present one, to secure for it a sufficiently steady
patronage to make the theatre a profitable one. Since Messrs. Hayman and
Davis secured a lease, however, the Columbia has grown in popularity, and
the patronage of the theatre now is equal to that of any in the city. The very
best attractions are to be found here, and the scenic and other stage appoint-
ments are always commensurate to the high character of the productions. The
interior of the Columbia is beautiful, the decorations being at once rich and
pleasing. The house is practically fire-proof, but numerous exits are pro-
vided so that ihe theatre may be emptied in a few minutes in case of a panic
arising from any cause. The house is illuminated by electricity. Dimen-
sions: The building is 70 by 190 feet, six stories in height; stage 70 by 54 feet;
proscenium opening 34 feet wide; seating capacity, 2,400. The house is lit by
electricity. Admission, 25 cts., 50 cts., 75 cts., $1.00 and $1.50, according to
location. Boxes, $10, $12 and $15.

Casino, Located on Wabash avenue, near Adams street. This is con-
ducted after the manner of the Berlin Panopticon, and is principally an exhi-
bition of wax works. Delightful place to spend an hour. There is a stage
performance every afternoon and evening. Lyman B. Glover, business
manager. Admission to all parts of the house, 25 and 50 cents; children, 25
cents.

Chickering Music Hall. Formerly Weber Music Hall. Located on
Wabash aveuue and Adams street. Chickering, Chase Bros. Co., managers.
Seating capacity, 400; stage, 28x20; no scenery. Frequent high-class concerts
are given during the season.

Criterion T/teatre. Located on Sedgwick and Division streets, North
Side, C. S. Engle, lessee; Alf. Johnson, business manager. Seating capacity,
1.800. Conducted as a theatre of the light comedy and burlesque character.
Has a large neighborhood patronage.

Epstean's New Dime Museum. Located on the north side of Randolph
St., near Clark st. Louis Epstean, proprietor. A first-class museum of the
kind, containing numerous curiosities, novelties in the way of human and
animal natural freaks, wax works, electric contrivances, etc. Very amusing
to children. Admission 10 cents.

Freiberg's Opera House. Located at 180 and 182 Twenty second street,
between State street and Wabash avenue. Not regularly open.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 125

has achieved a phenomenal popularity for "The Haymarket." The theatre
is constantly presenting attractions of a meritorious and a high order.
Admission, 15, 25, 50, 75 cents and $1; Davis' Turkish chairs, $1.50; boxes,
$5 to $10.

Hooley's Theatre. Located on the north side of Randolph, between
LaSalle and Clark streets, opposite the Court House; close to the leading
hotels and convenient to railroad depots and street car terminals. Richard
M. Hooley, proprietor; Harry Powers, business manager. Hooley's, before
the great fire of 1871, occupied the present site of the Grand Opera House.
Originally it was " Bryan's Hall," built in 1860, and opened by the Hans
Balatka Orchestra. In the fall of 1870 the theatre passed into the hands of
R. M. Hooley. It was opened January 2, 1871, by this veteran manager,
with " Hooley's Minstrels" as the attraction. Negro minstrelsy was then
in its glory, and Hooley's was one of the best troupes in existence at the
time. Giacometti's tragedy was on the bill as the attraction for the week
beginning October 9, 1871, but before the sun had arisen on the morning of
tiiat day Hooley's theatre was a blackened ruin in the midst of a wilderness
of ruins. On October 17, 1872, the present theatre was opened by the
Abbott-Kiralfy Company in the "Black Crook." Once, for only a brief
period, however, Mr. Hooley's name disappeared from connection with this
theatre. The ephemeral Haverly secured a lease of it in some manner for
one season, and gave it his name, as he did to everything he touched. Mr.
Hooley, upon regaining possession, remodeled and refitted the theatre, and
twice since that time it has undergone almost a complete transformation.
It is generally known as " Hooley's Parlor Home of Comedy," and the title
conveys a proper idea of the popular family resort. The seating capacity of
the theatre is 1,506; the stage is 42x62; proscenium opening, 33x34;
height to " gridiron," 62 feet. The theatre is also supplied with the latest
patent smoke and fire escape and ventilator. The auditorium is furnished
with "Hooley's Opera Chair, "and lighted throughout by the latest incandes-
cent electric system. Hooley's theatre has the reputation among theatrical
managers as being the most successful and popular in the United States. The
gross receipts for the season of 1890-91 amounted to $346,858 for a period of
52 weeks. The average weekly receipts for the regular theatre term Sep-
tember 1 to June 30 of the same season exceeded $7,000. Hooley's theatre
has been selected by Mr. Augustin Daly, Mr. Daniel Frohman and Mr. A. M.
Palmer for the engagements each year of their celebrated companies; alsb"by
Mr. and Mrs. Kewdal, Mr. E. S. Willard, and the great French comedian, M.
Coquelin.

H. R. Jacobs' Academy. Located on the west side of South Halsted, near
West Madison street. Take Madison street cable line. H. R. Jacobs, mana-
ger. This place of amusement was first popularized under the management
of the late William Emmett, who dragged it out of obscurity, almost, and
made it one of the most profitable theatrical houses in Chicago. It was then
known simply as the Academy of Music. Upon Emmett's retirement it fell
into the hands of Daniel Shelby, and was known as " Shelby's Academy of
Music." Outside ventures, as in Emmett's case, compelled Shelby to retire,
and Mr. Jacobs secured the management. It is conducted as a comedy and
high-class vaudeville theatre. The interior is one of the finest in the city, the
furnishings being beautiful. It was twice destroyed by fire, and twice com-
pletely remodeled . The theatre seats 1 , 800.

126 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

H. R. Jacobs' Clark Street Theatre, Located on the east side of North
Clark St., near the bridge. Formerly McCormick's hall, later the Casino. Has
been remodeled and refitted in a first-class manner. H. R. Jacobs, lessee;
Joseph A. Chenet, manager. A popular light comedy and vaudeville
theatre.

Standard Theatre. Located at the corner of Halsted and Jackson streets,
West Side. Take South Halsted or Van Buren street cars. Jacob Litt, lessee
and manager. Seating ca'pacity, 2,200; stage, 60x40 feet; proscenium open-
ing, 32 feet; height to " gridiron," 20 feet. The theatre was erected in 1883.
Light comedy and burlesque are produced here generally. Admission from
10 cents to $1, according to location of seats.

Kohl & Middleton's South Side Museum. Located at 146, 148, 150 and
152 South Clark St., near Madison. Kohl & Middletou, proprietors. Ihis
is what is popularly known as a dime museum. Stage performances are given
almost hourly through the day. A visit to the place will reveal a curious
collection of freaks, etc. Admission, 10 cents.

Kohl & Middleton's West Side Museum. Located on W. Madison street,
opposite Union street, West Side Conducted on the same general plan as
South Side museum of the same name. Open day and evening. Admission,
10 cents.

Libby Prison Museum Located on Wabash avenue, between Fourteenth
and Sixteenth streets. One of the principal permanent attractions of the
city. The original Libby prison (transported from Richmond, Va., and put
up, brick after brick, just as it stood during the War of the Rebellion, when
used as a prisofl for Union soldiers) is enclosed within massive walls, built
after the manner of the middle ages (see illustration). Among the attractions
offered in Libby Prison are the following: Portraits in oil of all the leading
Northern and Southern general? and statesmen; all kinds of firearms used in
America, from colonial times to the present period; the finest collection of
shot and shell used in American warfare; the original first dispatches of war
from Generals McClellan, Grant, Hooker, Sherman, etc.; the original accept-
ance of the command of the Confederate Army by Generals Lee and Slene-
wall Jackson; original portraits of Abraham Lineolu and Mrs. Lincoln, with
relics and mementos; the stove, goose and shears used by Andrew Johnson
when working as a tailor in Tennessee; the original will made by John
Brown an hour before his execution; the very rare curiosity of two bullets
that met in mid-air in battle at Petersburgh; the finest collection of historic
chairs in America; the original photographs of scr-nc-s in Sherman's March
from Atlanta to the Sea; the original commission of Jeff. Davis to Congress
in 1845; also his commission in the war with Mexico; the wheel of Commo-
dore Perry's flag-ship, " Powhatan." that opened the ports of Japan to the
world; the original Arctic clothing used in the Greely relief expedition.
Admission, 50 cents; children, half-price; open day and evening.

Lyceum Theatre Located on Desplaines ft., between Madison and Wash-
ington sts. T. L. Greuier, proprietor. A variety theatre.

Madison Street Theatre Located on the north side of Madison street,
opposite McVicker's theatre. S. G. Jnck, manager. Seating capacity, 1,400;
stage, 22x68; proscenium c.peninir, 37; height to gridiron, 13; to lolt, 19.
Open the year around; two performances daily.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 127

McVicker's Theatre. Madison street, between State and Dearborn streets.
The McVicker Theatre Co., proprietor; J. H. McVicker, president and man-
ager; L. L. Sharpe, assistant manager and secretary; H. G. Sommers, treasu-
rer. McVicker's theatre is considered the handsomest and most complete
theatre in the United States. It was originally opened November 5, 1857,
Mr. J. H. McVicker taking the part of " Cousin Joe" in the initial perform-
ance. The theatre was rebuilt in 1871 and opened in August, only to be
burned to the ground by that memorable conflagration of October 5, 1871.
Nothing daunted, Mr. McVicker again reconstructed his theatre, and it was
open for the third time August 15, 1872. Mr. McVicker, always looking to
advance the interest of his art, and having the welfare and the comfort of the
theatre-going public at heart, entirely remodeled the theatre, putting in all the
modern conveniences and improvements; and on July 1, 1885, the fourth new
McVicker theatre was thrown open to the public, and they united with the
press in proclaiming it the handsomest and safest theatre building in the
United States. It is open on all sides. It has twenty -one exits. It has more
aisles than anfp other theatre, and each leads to a door. It is simply a model
theatre. On the morning of August 26, 1890, it was destroyed by fire. Mr.
McVicker was away from the city at the time, but immediately on his return
preparations were commenced for rebuilding, and on March 30, 1891, the
handsomest theatre in the United States was opened for inspection. There
are two historic features in the theatre which alone are worth the price of
admission. They are bas reliefs, one representing the "Massacre of Fort
Dearborn ;" the other, " La Salle Discovery of Illinois." These were fur-
nished by Johanfles Gelert, the sculptor, and are considered among his best
works. McVicker Theatre is now in its thirty-fifth year, and is probably the
widest known playhouse in America. It always has the best class of enter
tainments, and one will surely find amusement there.

New Windsor Theatre. Located at North Clark and Division streets.
Take North Clark street cable line. M. B. Leavitt, proprietor; Ben Leavitt,
manager. Seating capacity, two thousand. Stage, 49x70 feet; proscenium
opening, forty-three feet; height logridiron, twenty two feet; the loft, 65 feet.
This is abeautiful little theatre, is conducted in a first-class manner and is very
popular with North Side residents.

Park Theatre. Located on State, between Congress and Harrison sts.
J. D. Long, proprietor and manager. This is a strictly variety theatre.
Seating capacity, 1,500; stage, 35 by 40.

Peoples iheatre. Located on the east side of State street on Congress and
Harrison streets. Jo. Baylies, lessee and manager. Conducted as a combina-
tion theatre.

Timmerman Opera House. Located at the corner of Sixty-third street
and Stewart ave. Take train at Van Buren st. depot, Van Bufen and Sher-
man sts., or State st. cable line to Englewood. H. B. Thearle, manager;
Harry M. Heneford, acting manager. The building in which the theatre is
located is the most imposing one in Englewood. It is named after its pro-
jector, Ben Timmerman, and its cost was $100,000. The building is finished
in red brick, terra cotta and stone trimmings, and is exceedingly pleasing in
architectural design. There are large bay windows on the Sixty third street
front and handsome iron balconies on the Stewart avenue side. The audi-
torium is on the ground floor, and in beauty and richness of furnishings and

128 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

decorations is equal to any theatre in the city. Silk, velvet and plush drap-
eries in harmonious shades add to the elegance of the luxurious interior.
The aisles are wide and the seat rows are arranged with sufficient width
between to insure the comfort of auditors. Twelve hundred persons may
find seats the first floor and balcony being provided with opera chairs and
several hundred others may see the stage from " standing room,"should they
so elect. The house is lighted by incandescent electric lights and is heated
by steam, a late device in ventilation being employed. The precautions
against danger from fire are most complete. The theatre is open on four
sides, and in addition to this there are seven exits from the main floor, six
from the balcony and three from the gallery. It is calculated that when the
house is crowded the audience may disperse in one and one-half minutes.
The stage is forty-nine feet wide and thirty-four feet deep, while the height
to the rigging loft is ninety feet. A complete and modern stage equipment
has been given the stage, and the most pretentious productions may be per-
fectly presented on its boards. The drop curtain, the work of a local artist,
presents a handsome marine view.

Waverly TJieatre. Located on W. Madison street, between Throop and
Loomis streets, West Side. Take W. Madison street cable. Seating capacity,
1,400; stage, 40x60. A comedy and vaudeville theatre.

Other Places of Amusement. In addition to the places mentioned above,
tttere are innumerable concerts, lectures, etc., in the various halls of the city,
nightly. There are also winter and summer permanent circuses, mechanical
riding schools, "merry-go-'rounds," picture galleries, etc., open daily and
evening. There are also club balls, mask balls and numerous entertainments
advertised in the daily papers. See daily papers, also, for excursions by
land and water. Concert Halls of varying degrees of respectability are open
in all parts of the city; but the visitor will have to be guided by his own dis-
cretion regarding these and other places of amusement not mentioned above.

ARCHITECTURE.

The traveled stranger, to whom the great cities of the world are familiar,
however he may become impressed with the manners and customs of our poo-
pic, or with their methods of doing business, and however loath he may be to
admit the justice of our claims to pre eminence in other respects, must acknowl-
edge that this is the best built city in the universe to-day. For nearly twenty
years, or since the great fire of 1871 swept over the business center of the
city, and laid it in rains, architecture in Chicago has been steadily marching
forward, until we are enabled in 1891 to point out some of the grandest
achievements of the art to be found on the face of the earth.

Character of Chicago Buildings. The character of the great buildings
erected during recent years in Chicago demonstrates that architects have
risen to the plane of, the highest constructive knowledge in structures. It is
not enough to use a material guaranteed by the maker, but Chicago's archi-
tects themselves now employ engineers for the special purpose of examining
and testing each and every piece and passing their individual opinion upon it

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 129

in a written report, and only such as is accepted by these engineers is used in
the buildings. So essentjpl and necessary is this department of architectural
engineering considered, that specialists are sent to the mills which furnish
the iron and steel structural shapes and beams for buildings, and the metal is
not only tested in the ingot, but the strength of resistance is ascertained for
every finished beam. The result of all this gives to Chicago buildings which
are not only theoretically safe, but known to absolute certainty to be safe
down to the last cubic foot of masonry and the last cubic inch of steel. In
this respect Chicago is unique, and it is a common remark in Eastern and
foreign cities, among those actively engaged in building, that Chicago to day
erects the best- built structures ever known, and with the notable distinction
that she does it with the closest economy in material and time. That is to
say, that it is a fact that in Chicago buildings the quality is better, the dis-
tribution of material is more skillful and the buildings are naturally more
reliable. The buildings have all been constructed fire-proof to a degree sur-
passing those erected under old methods. Not only are steel and iron used
for supports for girders and for joists, but they are covered with fire clay,
which is so disposed that air chambers are left next to the iron or steel in
every case, making it impossible for the metal to be overheated, even by the
hottest fires.

Method of Construction. While many of the largest and handsomest of
Chicago's buildings are built solidly of stone, a new system has found much
favor here, and is being generally followed now ia the construction of the
mammoth buildings known as "Sky Scrapers," which has given Chicagoa
new celebrity. This is known as the steel-frame system, the structure proper
being erected from the. foundation entirely independent of the walls, which
consist of a mask of terra cotta or other material not intended to serve as a
support for the edifice in any way. The floors consist of steel beams with
arched terra cotta tile-work filled in between them, and covered either with
the usual floor boards, or with ornamental tiles, or mosaic work. The par-
titions are built of hollow terra cotta tiles. As little wood as possible is used,
so that these tall structures are as nearly fire-proof as they can be made.
Owing to the character of the ground on which Chicago is built, the con-
struction of the foundations of large buildings is a much more serious
problem than in most large cities. Water is encountered at a very slight
depth below the surface of the ground. Piling was at first used, but experi-
ence demonstrated that it did not form a satisfactory foundation. The
method now employed is the formation of a solid substructure of steel beams
or rails and concrete. The steel pieces laid crosswise are of a length pro-
portioned to the weight they will have to sustain, and are imbedded in con-
crete. Other beams or rails are then laid lengthwise, with concrete filled in,
and thus several layers are placed in position until the foundation is com-
pleted. Hundreds of tons of steel may thus be imbedded in Chicago earth
before the walls of a building are on a level with the surface.

Office Buildings. Fifteen years ago there was no such thing as an office
building known in Chicago. The Howland Block, on the southwest corner of
Dearborn and Monroe streets; the Kentucky Block, on the northeast corner
of Clark and Adams streets, and the Ashland Block, on the northeast corner
of Clark and Randolph streets came nearer the requirements of office build-
ings than any in the city. Strictly, they were what insurance men would
have denominated omnibus blocks. To-day the office buildings of Chicago

130 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

rise up in every direction. They do more than rise up. They tower, and
some of them seem to soar. And they are what their names indicate office
buildings. The stranger in his travels about down : town is impressed with
the idea that the business of Chicago is done in offices. Think of Only a few
of these office structures: The new Chamber of Commerce Building has 500
offices in its thirteen stories. Temple Court, at the corner of Quincy and
Dearborn streets, has 400 offices beneath its roof. The Mouon, two blocks
south, has 300 rooms in its thirteen stories. The Manhattan, an exclusive
office structure building, opposite the Monon, is sixteen stories high and con-
tains 700 offices. The R >okery,with over 600 rooms, is a wilderness of
offices, one great pile of marble, andiron, and glass, and tiling. The Home
Insurance Company Building, which, when completed a few years ago, was
looked upon as the ultima thule in office buildings, has had its dizzy heights
capped by two additional stories, so that the occupnnts of the top floor look
down upon those of the top floor of the Rookery. The Tacorna, that grace-
ful structure on the northeast corner of Madison and LaSalle streets, has 500
abodes on its many floors. Mailer's building, on the southwest corner of
LaSalle and Quincy streets; the Gaff and Counseknan Buildings, and the
Royal Insurance Company's building adjoining, contain 110 and 200 and 300
and 400 offices. "Brother Jonathan" Building, on Sherman and Jackson
streets; the Rialto, which gives the Board of Trade a Venetian atmosphere,
and the Insurance Exchange, opposite the Rookery, are colonies within
themselves.

Some Notable Examples. At the proper time and in the proper place many
of the great structures of Chicago will be pointed out to the visitor and
described. Some of the great architectural monuments that shall demand
attention here are, the Board of Trade, the '^.Rookery," the Phoenix building,
the Counselman building, the Gaff building, the Insurance Exchange build-
ing, the Home Insurance building, the Calumet building, the Tacoma
building, the Chamber of Commerce bldg., the Manhattan blag., the Temple,
the Ashland bldg., the new German Theatre, and the City Hall and Court
House ; all of which may be seen in a walk down La Salle street, from Ran-
dolph to Jackson street. Marshall Field & Co.'s retail store, the Palmer
House and the Leiter building, on State street. The Auditorium, Stude-
baker, Art Institute and Pullman buildings, on Michigan avenue. The im-
mense structures that are now rising, and have arisen like giants on South
Dearborn street during the past two years; the Rialto and surround-
ing structures on Van Buren street ; the Royal Insurance building on Jackson
street; the Rand &McNally, and the Marshall Field & Co.'s building on Adams
street ; the Grand Central'railroad depot on Fifth ave.; the Herald building
on Washington street, and the First Regiment Armory on Michigan boule-
vard. Besides these, the great Masonic Temple, the Temperance Temple,
and a score of other magnificent structures, now in course of erection, will
add to the amazement of the foreign or the American visitor, who has been
taught to look upon Chicago as a clumsily-built Western town.

Stfd, Construction. Chicago is rapidly becoming a city of steel from the
enormous quantity of that material used in the great down-town buildings.
This extensive use of rolled steel for the skeletons of massive sky scrapers has
not only revolutionized the style of building, but it has as well created a new
industry. The Chicago Opera House was the first fire proof building in the
city in which this radical departure in building rules was tnade. The floor

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA* 131

beams were those first used of steel. The columns were of cast iron. Then
followed the Rookery, Counselman, Gaff and Boaid of Trade buildings, all
with steel beams and cast iron columns. But steel is gradually replacing
cast-iron for columns. The Rand-McNally building was the first in which
steel was used exclusively. But the Monadnock, Pontiac, Caxton, Kearsage,
Northern Hotel, Masonic and Tempi ranee Temples, the new Athletic Club
building, the Ashland building, the Cook County Abstract building and the
Fair building, are all steel structures. The steel used besides the beams and
columns is found intheframesof bay windows, roof work, supports for roofs
in fact, everything that assists in holding the weight of the building. The
foundations also are of steel.

WHERE THE STEEL COMES FROM. This steel comes from various points.
Almost all the heavy steel rails used in foundations are made by the Illinois
Steel Company here in Chicago. These are the regular rails in use on rail-
ways. Rails are made to weigh from sixty to eighty pounds to the yard in
length. The seventy-five pound rails are the ones used in foundations. Those
foundations are laid deep of tiers of rails crossed, and are extended always
into the street or alley beyond the building line, the distance varying accord-
ing to the height and weight of the building. To illustrate: Under
the Fair building foundation rails reach out twelve feet under the street and
nine feet under the alley.

Of the steel beams 90 per cent, comes from Pittsburgh, from the mills of
Carnegie, Phipps & Co. and Jones & Laughlin. A heavy trade in beams is
also done in Potts ville, Pa.; Trenton, N. J.jaud Pho3nixville, Pa. Certain
sizes of steel beams are made by the Illinois Steel Company.

COST OF STEEL BUILDING. Steel columns and beams are worth $75
a ton delivered in Chicago. The combination price of steel beams is $3.20 a
hundred pounds, without any fittings, Chicago delivery. Small materials in
steel for such as windows and roof work cost from 3 to 5 cents a pound. The
price on steel varies but little, as the mills have an agreement and there are
but trifling deviations. As to relative cost of a steel-ribbed building to day
and one of the best styled structures, say, ten years ago, the modern one is
the more expensive, for labor is costlier now than then. What really gave
birth to this steel style of construction was the fact that none of the down-
town Chicagoans wanted to leave the center of the city. Land and space
grew more valuable and taller buildings became a necessity. The principal
advantage of steel ones and the old style of construction is that the building
can be m-ide higher with safety. This style is lighter and stronger than the
old method, too.

Steel is succeeding cast iron. This is largely due to the fact that there
is no practicable way of testing cast iron, while there is of steel. None of the
manufacturers have ever made a machine to test cast iron. Cast iron col-
umns are cast hollow while lying horizontally. The metal which is poured
in, by running round the core to the bottom first, may press the core upward,
so that on cooling the upper side of the column may be thinner than the
under side. Again, there may be air bubbles form between two currents
of molten metal. What inspection is made is to look for those two defects.
One method to determine the thickness is to bore small holes through the
column, but there is absolutely no way to discover those air bubbles. The
only other test is to set the column on end and bring an enormous hydraulic
pressure to bear on it. Cast iron columns are fastened together in the build-

132 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

ing by bolts screwed on, while steel columns are riveted together in the build-
ing with redhot rivets. This makes the structure more solid.

TESTING STEEL COLUMNS. The manner of testing steel is thorough.
The steel used is the Bessemer, and is rolled between wheels under a tremen-
dous pressure. Air bubbles are pressed out. The columns are not round.
They are made in plate form and riveted. They can be seen on all sides so
as to determine their thickness. The inspection is elaborate. The inspec-
tors take a quantity of ore out of each " blow " and test it as to the quality of
the steel it will make. If it is not up to the requirements builders take no
steel made from that "blow." It is inspected and tested again when the steel
is made and again while it is being put together, and if found defective at
any point it is not used. Again, every piece of structural steel is numbered;
not only that, but the ore is designated that shall go into a certain piece of
steel. ^ So thorough is this followed in detail and recorded that a builder by
referring to his office record can trace back the course of any piece of steel
in a building through the three stages of inspection, back to its original ore
shape. In case of an accident he could thus locate the responsibility.

INSPECTION OP STEEL. One of those inspections tests the breaking power
of the steel, and builders load a building above one-fifth of that breaking
power. In calculating so as to insure safety, they figure first on the straight
downward pressure, then on the resistance of the wind. Besides this, on the
tops of all these big office buildings are great water tanks to furnish water
to run elevators and for the bowls, as the city water pressure does not drive
water to the top of sky-scrapers. Those full tanks are of tremendous weight.
There must be extra support for their weight. Then the strain on an eleva-
tor is enormous at times. If filled with people, it is going down rapidly and
suddenly stops, the columns supporting that elevator must be extra strong
or something will break. There are do/ens of things that must be allowed
for. It's a trade, a profession by itself, and there's plenty of room for think-
ing in it. Every precaution is taken to guard against accident and to assure
safety; that is to say, among those architects and builders of the city who
have devoted great time to this class of structures and whose names are
identified in the public mind with this Chicago style of architecture.

ART.

There are estimated to be in Chicago at least five hundred artists, who
are engaged exclusively in their calling, and who find a ready market for
their work, if it is meritorious in character. There are here a large number
of gentleman of wealth who have devoted themselves for years past to fos-
tering the development of art in Chicago, and who have contributed largely
toward popularizing art exhibitions and art studies. During the past few
years great progress has been made in the direction of building of private gal-
leries, and the walls of many of the residences of the city are now orna-
mented with some of the choicest productions of the studios of Europe and
America.

. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 133

Permanent Art Building. Now in course of construction, on the Lake
Front, site of the old later-State Expositon building, main entrance to face
Adams st. Within easy walking distance of all railroad depots, street car
terminals, hotels, etc., in the heart of the business center. This magnificent
structure takes the place of the present Art Institute, Michigan ave. and Van
Buren St., which passes into the possesion of the Chicago Club. The design
of the new institute was prepared by Architects Shepley, Rutan and Cool-
idge, and was subjected to changes at the hands of the Committee on Build-
ings. The structure has a frontage of 320 feet on Michigan ave.; the main
depth is 175 feet, with projections making an arc 208 ftet in depth. The
plan is that of a parallelogram. It consists of two galleries, the tirst being
devoted to plaster casts, sculptures, busts, models, etc. ; the second to pictures,
being lighted by sky-lights from above. The main galleries are twenty-seven
feet wide and the second galleries twelve feet wide. The main staircase is
directly in front as the visitor enters. On one side is a lecture room capable
of seating 1,000 people, and on the other a library in which is kept the refer-
ence boous pertaining to art. The plan of the picture galleries is similar to
that of the statuary halls below, except that most of the rooms are lighted by
skylights. The whole building is constructed of Bedford liaieslone, with
a base of granite extending to the water-table. The lower portion is rusti-
cated as far as the top of the first floor. Above this is a plain band of
chiseled stone, and surmounting this is panels filled with statuary. Sur-
mounting this is an entablature and cornice richly decorated, the effect of
which is highly increased by the plain surface below. The idea of the exte-
rior is to the main masses plain and simple, grouping the richness in certain
places which are important in the design of the building. The roof is of
copper and glass and presents au ornate and artistic appearance. The entrance
hall is marble, and the principal feature is the grand staircase, which is in a
case fifty feet square. This is lighted by a large skylight overhead, and an
arcade is formed by arches on all four sides. The marble work of the
staircase is white, and the decoration is in keeping with it. The vestibule Is
in marble and mosaic, and beyond this is the entrance hall, which is in mar-
ble, with mosaic floors and ceiling. The galleries lead out from this from
either side, and are entered through arched openings. The plans provided for the
use of hollow brick inner walls overlaid with one and one-half inch planks, cov-
ered with canvas, which allows heavy pictures to be screwed to the walls where
most convenient. The building is lighted by electricity, and all modern
improvements are used. It has been decided by the Art Institute Trustees not
to build* the grand staircase and central wing until after the close of the Fair.
The present staircase is a double one, eight feet wide, and will furnish ample
room. The building stands as far back from the Michigan avenue sidewalk
as it can be placed, and furnish room for a roadway between it and the
Illinois Central tracks. The entrance to the vestibule is through three arched
openings. The funds for the construction of the Art Palace were derived
from three sources. The Art Institute, by the sale of its old building to the
Chicago Club, realized $275,000, the World's Fair Directory contributed
$200,000, and Charles L. Hutchinson, President of the Art Institute, raised by
private subscription $55,000. This makes a total of $530,000; but an addi-
tional $70,000 was raised, so that the total cost amounted to $600,000.

Art Institute of Chicago, Art Museum. Located in the Art Institute
building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street; incorporated May 24, 1879.
Officers Charles L. Hutchinson, president; James H. Dole, vice president;

134 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Lyman J. Gage, treasurer, N. H. Carpenter, secretary. W. M. R. French,
director. Executive Committee Charles L. Hutchinson, A. A. Sprague,
James H. Dole. Charles D. Hamill, John C. Black, William T. Baker.
Trustees, 1890-91 Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel M. Nickerson, David
W. Irwin, Martin A. Ryerson, William T. Baker, Eliphalet W. Blatchfnrd,
Nathaniel K. Fairbank, James H. Dole, Albert A. Sprague, John C. Black,
Adolphus C. Bartlett, J. J. Glessner, Charles D. Hamill, Edson Kekli, Levi
Z. Leiter, Wirt D. Walker, Homer N. Hibbard, Marshall Field, George N.
Culver, P. C. Handford.

The Art Institute building [see illustration] has been pronounced by crit-
ics the finest specimen of modern architecture in Chicago. It is built of
brown stone; has a beautiful facade, is splendidly located, lighted perfectly,
and, although not as massive in construction as some of its neighbors, is one of
the attractive edifices of the Lake Front. The Art Institute owes its origin
and prosperity to the disinterested and energetic services of a few Chicago
gentlemen, who have expended upon it not only a great deal of their private
means, but much of their time during the past ten years. During 1889 a
very handsome addition was made to the building, which led to some very
desirable changes in the interior arrangement. The portion of the Art Insti-
tute formerly occupied by sky -lighted picture galleries, was carried up three
floors, thus raising all the galleries to the fourth floor, and two floors of the
same area as the former picture gallaries were added for exhibitioner other
uses. These gallaries are six in number, of which five occupy a space of 170
by 27 feet; and the other a space of 40 by 50 feet. They accommodate about
550 pictures when closely hung, and the light and appointments are in every
way excellent. The Cast collection occupies the whole of the main floor and
one large room upon the second floor. The Library is accommodated in a
commodious room. The collection of Greek vasea and antiquities occupies
one room and the metal collection and bronzes another. A space on the
third floor has been arranged fora lecture room. The building is provided
with two passenger elevators. The following societies are tenants of the
building: The Chicago Literary Club, The Fortnightly Club, The Chicago
Women's Club, The Chicago Society of Decorative Art, The Kindergarten
Training School.

There are now in the Art Institute thirteen pictures from the collection of
Prince Demidoff, together with one by Holbein from the May collec-
tion in Paris, which constitute a group of Old Dutch Masters of such
value and interest as perhaps has never before crossed the ocean. They are a
part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute, the purchasers relying
on the generosity of the friends of the Art Institute to pay for them and
present them to the museum. Some have already been so presented. Several
of these pictures, such as the examples of Hobbema and Van Ostade are
among the most important known works of the Masters, and all are important
pictures in perfect preservation. The Masters represented are Hobbema, Van
Ostade, Rembrandt, Franz Hals, Ruysdael, Van Mieris, Holbein, Teniers,
Van Dyck, Rubens, "Jan Steen, Adr. Van de Velde, Terburg and Zeeman.
The presence of this group of pictures is sufficient to give our collection
good standing among American museums, and their acquisition is the most
important step of the year.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 135

As an evidence of the popularity of the Art Institute among the people,
the following facts are given: During the year 1889-90 the building was
closed half the time on account of building operations. The aggregate
attendance of visitors to the museum during the six months was 66,927, and
the 'admission fees and catalogue sales amounted to $1 .942.15; number of visit-
ors paid admission fees, 5,344; number on free days, 45,915; number admitted
free on membership tickets, other days, 12,667; number of visitors, students,
artists; etc., admitted free, on other days (estimated) 3, 000; total admission,
66,926; average number of visitors on Saturdays, free all day, 6G9; average
number of visitors on Sundays, open 1 to 5, free, 855. The income from all
sources for the year was $44,624.71; current expenses, $43,850.60; cash
donations, $25,685.03. The whole income from all sources (aside from sums
which merely passed through the treasury) was $70,309.74. The original cost
of the land, with the building upon it, was $61,000; the amount expended
by the Art Institute in building since that time has aggregated $208,500.
The value of the collections now in the keeping of the institute, partly
the property of the Art Institute, but chiefly loans, considerably exceeds
$500,000. Large additions are being made annually to the collections in the
galleries and museum. The principal accessions of late have been: A collec-
tion of Greek vases and antique marbles, and other objects, the gift of Mr.
Philip D. Armour and Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson; a full set of chromo-litbo-
graph reproductions of the old masters, published by the Arundel Society,
presented by Mr. Edward E. Ay er; a collection of works in metal, chiefly
electrotype reproductions, presented by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson and Mr.
Hutchinson; oil paintings, "The Shepherd's Star," by Jules Breton, pre-
sented by Mr. Philip D. Amour; " Marsh in the North of Holland," by
Eugene Jettel, presented by P. C. Hanford; " The Close of Day," by Charles
H. Davis, purchased from the gift of the Opera Festival Association; Gobelin
Tapestry, presented by -Mr. Charles J. Singer. The Cast collection has been
enriched by the fine collection of antique sculpture presented by the Inter-
State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, and the library has received the
splendid work upon the Basilica of St. Marks, presented b-y Mr. Franklin
MacVeagh and Mr. Hutchinson.

During Mr. Hutchinson's visit to Europe in 1890, he made numerous
purchases for the Art Institute. Among them are two fine examples of
carved ivory. One of these, a triptych, represents in high relief on the cen-
tral tablet the flight of the holy family into Egypt. The virgin, with the
child Jesus in her arms, is seated on an ass that is being led by an angel, who
is feeding the animal from an up-drawn fold of its robe. Joseph follows with
staff and water-bottle. Above this group are cherubs in the bough of a tree
handing down fruit to the babe in Mary's arms, who is stretching out his
arms to receive it. On each of the leaves of this triptych are two panels rep-
resenting saints, the crucifix, the lamb and other ecclesiastical symbols. The
other piece of ivory carving is a panel representing the crucifixion and is a
very high relief , the principal figures being almost in the round. Within a
space of five and one-half by four and one-half inches there are indicated
fourteen figures of people, three horses and a dog. Next in prominence to
the figures on the three crosses are two soldiers in the immediate foreground
w ho are parting the raiment, as is recorded in sacred story, while to the left
a dog stands regarding their action. In the middle distance a Roman soldier
is thrusting his spear into the Saviour's side. Clinging to the foot of the cross
is Mary Magdalen, while back and to the right St. John supports the grief-

136 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

bowed figure of Mary, the mother of Christ. The whole work on thia panel
Is most carefully studied and skillfully wrought. These two pieces are the
first examples of ivory carving which have been acquired by the Art Institute,
although a fine example of Japanese carving is in the loan collection and a
figure of carved wood and ivory has for some time been the property of the
Institute. [Visitors to the Art Institute will be provided with catalogues of
the entire collection.]

Art Collections. The private art collections of Chicago are very numerous
and very extensive. This is strikingly evident at each recurring exhibit of
loaned pictures at the Art Institute or elsewhere. The annual exhibits at the
Inter-State Exposition, now a thing of the past, by reason of the changes
necessary pending the World's Columbian Exposition, have grown from year
to year, until they promised to rank among the best in the country. Steps
have been taken to erect a permanent Art Hall on the Lake Front, in which
these annual exhibitions will be continued. This building will be erected
for the Columbian Exposition, but will be constructed in such a manner as to
be acceptable to the city as a permanent building after the exposition closes.
The art galleries of the Illinois Club, the Chicago Club, the Marquette Club,
the Calumet Club, and especially of the Union League Club, are becoming
very valuable. [See Union League Art Association.] The Vincennes Gallery
of Fine Arts, 3841 Vincennes avenue (take Illinois Central'train to Oakland
station, Thirty-ninth St.), is open at all times, free to visitors. There are
many beautiful collections in the private mansions of the South Side. The
largest and best private collection in the city at present is that contained in
the gallery of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, 3201 Michigan avenue. The more
important of his pictures were purchased by Mr. Yerkes in 1890, during a
visit to Europe, when he devoted himself to the study and selection of
pictures. The pictures are first-class examples of masters of the Dutch school,
Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, Jan Steen, Van Ostade, Gerard Dow,
Ruysdael, and Wonwerman being represented. From the last century there
is a head by Greuze, and from later schools there are important pictures by
Millet, Diaz, Daubigny, Detaille, Ziem, Vibert, Alfred Stevens, Willems,
Charlemonte, and others.

Art Institute of Chicago Art School. Located in the Art Institute
building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. Incorporated May 24,
1879. Officers: Charles L. Hulchinson, president; Edson Keith, vice-
president; Lvinan J. Gage, treasurer; N. H. Carpenter, secretary; W. M.
R. French, director. Teachers: W. M. R. French, director; Oliver Dennett
Grover, and John H. Vanderpoel, drawing and painting, life and antique;
Miss Caroline D. Wade, still life classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique and
statuary classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique; N. fl. Carpenter, per-
spective; Lorado Taft, modeling; Louis J. Millet, architecture and designing;
Charles L. Boutwood, evening classes. The arrangement of classes are as
follows:

COSTUMED LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the costumed model,
daily, 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to 4 p. M.

NUDE LIFE CLASS. Drawingand painting from the nude, daily: Women,
8:30 to 12 A. M. ; Men, 1 to 4 P. M.

PAINTING FROM STILL LIFE. Oil and water color, daily, 1 to 4 p. M.

CLASSES IN THE ANTIQUE. Drawing from the cast, elementary and
advanced, daily , j^to 12 A. M., 1 tQ 4, P. M.

ort)

< 3

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 143

surplus and profits were $12,424,164 as against $10,343,119 for 1890; deposits
were $117, 792,594 as agninst $94,471,271 for 1890, and loans and discounts
were $89, 292, 728 as against $72,392,018 for 1890. The capital of the State
banks doing business in Chicago, according to last reports furnished the
State Auditor, was $12,227.000, their surplus $3,869,000 and their undivided
profits $1,869,288. [See Bank Clearings, Bank Clearance Comparative, etc.]
American Excliange National Bank. Organized in May, 1886, with D.
W. Irwin, president; D. B. Dewey, vice-president; D. K. Pearsons, second
vice-president, and A. L. Dewar, cashier. Present officers: John B. Kirk,
president; Wm. C. Seipp, vice-president; G. F.Bissell, second viee-presidant;
A. L. Dewar, cashier; R. M. Orr, assistant cashier; Arthur Tower, 2d assis-
tant cashier. December 31, 1890, it showed capital stock, paid in, $1,000,000;
surplus fund and -undivided profits, $297,989; deposits, $3,417,095.76, total
liabilities, $4,715,085.55; loans and discounts, $3,049,131.48; overdrafts,
$3,386.11; deposit with U. S. treasurer, 2,250; U. S. bonds to secure cir-
culation, $50,QOO; premiums paid, $9,500; other bonds, $33,600; real estate,
furniture and fixtures, $10,000; due from banks and bankers, $445,951.07;
exchanges for clearing house, $319.470.24; currency, $216,796.65; gold coin,
$575,000 $1,557,217.96; total resources, $4,715,085.55. Location, 185 Dear-
born street.

Atlas National Bank. Officers: President, W. C. D. Grannis; vice-presi-
dent, C. B. Parwell; cashier, S. W. Stone; assistant cashier, W. S. Tillotson.
Directors: Uri Balcom, R. C. Clowry, C. B. Farwell, R. J. Bennett, Joseph
Austrian, W. C. D. Grannis, J. C. McMullin, A. A. Hunger, Wm. M. Van
Nortwick, C. P. Libby, J. T. Chumasero.

Chemical National Bank. Successor to the Chemical Trust and Savings
bank, founded in May, 1880. Occupies its own building, 85 Dearborn st.
Capital, $1,000,000. Officers: J. O. Curry, president; E. C. Veasey, vice-
president; A. T. Ewing, second vice-president; G. E. Hopkins, assistant
cishier. Directors: W. M. Hoyt(W. M. Hoyt&.Co., Wholsale Grocers); D.
C. Newton (banker, Batavia, 111.); Robert Vierling, President (Vierling,
McDowell & Co., Iron Founders); E. C. Veasey (vice-president); Charles H.
Slack (Grocer); M. A. Mead (M. A. Mead & Co. Wholesale Jewelers); A. T.
Ewing (second vice-president); S. E. Gross (Real Estate); Otis Jones (Director,
Macon Dublin & Savannah Ry. Co.); S- W. Lamson (Lamson Bros., Grain
Commission); H. J. Straight (K. J. Straight & Co., Fire Insurance); E. J.
Edwards (President, Hicks Stock Car Co.); F. E. Spooner (Chicago Union
Lime Works); O. W. Norton (President, Norton Brothers, Manufacturers Tin
Plate, Japan Ware); J. O. Curry (President). It will be seen that the directors
are representative business men. The Chemical National, though one of the
most recently organised, ranks among the most prominent of the city.

Chicago National Bank. Officers: President, John R. Walsh; vice-
president, H. H. Nash; cashier, William Cox; assistant cashier, F.'M. Blount.
Directors: A. McNally, Adolph Loeb, H. H. Nash, C. K. G. Billings, F.
Madlener, Ferd. W. Peck, J. R. Walsh. Capital, $500,000; surplus and
profits, $566,810; loans and discounts, $4,277,125; cash and treasury credits,
$1,715,793; individual deposits, $5,998,610; due banks, $861,870; due from
banks and agents, $1,396,429; checks for clearing house, $262,306; U. S.

144 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

bonds, $50,000; other stocks and bonds, $270,636; total deposits, $6,860,480;
circulation, $45,000. The Chicago National Bank is recognized as one of the
leading financial institutions of the city.

Columbia National Bank. Open for business Feb. 16, 1891. Paid in
capital, $9,000,000. Officers: L. Everingham, president; W. G. Bently,
vice-president; Zimri Dwiggins, cashier; J. T. Greene, assistant cashier.
Directors, Malcolm McNeil, E. S. Conway, H. D. Kohn, C. W. Needham,
Peter Kuntz, J. D. Allen, L. Everingham, W. G. Bently, Z. Dwiggins, and
' J. M. Starbuck. Resources Discounts and time loans, $1,192,399.88;
United States bonds, $50,000; redemption fund, $2,250; furniture and fixtures,
$10,952.85; current expenses, $31,607.76; due from banks and bankers, $362,-
641.90; cash and cashitems, $228,291.29; demand loans, $420,460.23 ($1,011,-
393.42); total, $2,298,603.91. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000;
surplus and undivided profits, $77,416.90; circulation, "$45,000; deposits,
$1,176,187.01; total, $2,298,603.91. The Columbian National transacts a
general banking business. A separate suite of rooms with clerical force,
teller, etc., and every facility for banking are provided especially for ladies.
The motto of the bank is, safety, courtesy, promptness, liberality. Location
of banking-house, Insurance Exchange Building, corner LaSalle and Quincy
streets.

Commercial National Bank. Organized December, 1864. The present
officers are Henry F. Eames, president ; O. W. Potter, vice-ptesident ; F. S.
Eames, 3d vice-president ; John B. Meyer, cashier ; D. Vernon, assistant
cashier.

Resources. Loans and discounts, $6,980,972.79 ; overdrafts, $3,384.04;
United States bonds to secure circulation, $50,000.; other stocks, bonds and
mortgages, $260, 804.37 ; due from other National banks $891,811.04; due
from State banki and bankers, $247.49 ; total $892,058-53. Real estate, $31,-
750.90; taxes paid, $15,359.89; Checks and other cash items, $3,088;
exchanges for clearing-house, $327,468.93; bills of other banks, $71,005;
fractional currency, nickels, and pennies, $927,70 ; specie, $1,597, 994.60;
legal tender notes, $380;000.; $2,380,484.23; redemption fund with
United States treasurer (5 per cent of circulation), $2,250.; total, $10,617,-
064.75. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus fund,
$1,000,000; undivided profits, $103,997.19 ; National Bank notes outstand-
ing $45,000 ; individual deposits subject to check, $3,598,196.05 ; demand
certificates of deposit, $216,490.77; certified checks, $63,682.12; cashier's
checks outstanding, $176,416.76 ; due to other National Banks, $1,"793,984.68 ;
due to State banks and bankers, $2,619,297.18; total $8,468,067.56; grand
total, $10,617,064.75.

Directors. Henry F. Eames, S. W. Rawson, William J. Chalmers,
N. K. Fairbank, O. W. Potter, Jesse Spalding, Henry W. King, Franklin
MacVeagh, Norman Williams. Location of banking house, Southeast
corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets.

Continental National Bank. Organized March 5, 1883. Present officers
Directors: John C. Black, John R. Winterbotham, Calvin T. Wheeler,
Richard T. Crane, Henry C. Durand, William, G. Hibbard, Henry Botsford,
James H. Dole, George H. Wheeler, J. Ogden Armour, Isaac N. Perry ;
President, John C. Black ; 2nd vice-president, Isaac N. Perry; cashier,
Douglass Hoyt ; assistant cashier, Ira P. Bowen. Banking house, La Salle
and Adams street. Semi-annual dividends of 3 per cent, are paid January

[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.]
THE INTER-OCEAN BUILDING, MADISON AND DEARBORN STS.

[See " Newspapers."]

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 145

first and July first. Report of condition at the close of business December
2d, 1891. Resources: Loans and discounts, $6,896J}37.20 ; overdrafts, $21,
988.78 ; United States bonds for circulation, $5tyOOO ; other bonds oa
hand, $2,600; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $39,605.37; premiums
paid, $7,000; cash, $1,496,580.05; due from banks, $1,703,072; checks
for clearings, $1,075,988.73 ; due from United States treasurer, $2,250 ;
total, $11,295,622.13. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $2,000,000 ; sur-
plus fund, $250,000 ; undivided profits, $219,014,20 ; bank notes out-
standing, $23,600; individual deposits, $4,429,013.15; due banks, $4,373,-
994.78 ; total, $11,295,622.13. Location of banking house, southwest corner
of La Salle and Adams streets. M. Calvin T. Wheeler, one of Chicago's
foremost business men and financiers, was the organizer of this bank and its
first president. He was succeeded in 1887 by Mr. Black, who has been con-
nected with the bank since its organization. He was its first cashier, and
was actively instrumental in perfecting the system inaugurated for the tran-
saction of the business of the bank with the greatest convenience to its cus-
tomers.

Drover's National Bank. Organized 1883 : Present officers S. Brintnall,
president ; John Brown, vice-pi esident ; W. H. Brintnall, cashier ; Edward
Tilden, assistant cashier. Resources : Loans and discounts, $807,088.97 ;
overdrafts, $12.25 ; United States bonds, $50,000 ; banking house, $12,-
500; premiums, $8.500; due from banks, $696,643.14; cash, $121,319.-
13; total, $817,962.27; grand total, $1,696,063.49. Liabilities: Capital
stock, $250,000 ; surplus, $50,000 ; undivided profits, $36,748.45 : cir-
culation, $45.000 ; deposits, $1,314,315.04 ; total, $1,696,063.49. Directors
Percy W. Palmer, Charles L. Shattuck, Watson 8. Hinkly, John Brown,
James P. Sherlock, J. E. Greer, W. H. Brintnall, Solva Brintnall. Location
of banking house, 4207 South Halsted street, Union Stockyards.

First National Bank. Organized, Nov. 1863. Present officers : Lyman
J. Gage, president ; Henry R. Symonds, vice-president ; James B. Forgant,
2d. vice-present ; Richard J. Street, cashier ; Holmes Hoge, assistant
cashier. Statement of condition January, 1892. Assets : Loan and dis-
counts, $16,475,614.91 ; bank building and other real estate, $650,000 ,
United States bonds, (par value), $55,150 ; other bonds, $847,450. Cash
resources: Due from banks, (Eastern exch.), $4,396,430.99; checks for
clearing house, $1,659,783.10; cash on hand, $8,410,499.87; due from U.
S. treasurer, $26,250 ; total ; $14,492,963.96 ; grand total, $32,521,178.87.
Liabilities: Capital stock paid in, $3,000,000; surplus fund, $2,000,000;
other undivided profits, $1,023,059.31 ; dividend, 90,000 ; Deposits, $26,-
408,119.56; total, $32,521,178.87. Directors: Sarnl. M. Nickcrson, E. F.
Lawrence, S. W. Allerton, F. D. Gray, Norman B. Ream, Nelson Morris,
James B. Forgan, L. J. Gage, Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter, H. R.
Symonds. Location of banking house, northwest corner of Dearborn and
Monroe streets, First National Bank building.

At the date of incorporation, the First National Bank had a capital of
$100,000. Its officers were President, E. Aiken; cashier, E. E. Braisted.
It then stood number 8 in the order of National Banks. The capital of the
bank was soon increased to $1,000,000. In 1867 President Aiken died, and
was succeeded by Samuel M. Nickerson, who has held the office ever since.
In 1868 Lyman J. Gage was appointed cashier. The fire of 1871 destroyed

146 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

the bank's building, which stood at the southwest corner of State and Wash-
ington sts. This building was at once rebuilt, and was occupied until the
bank moved into its present magnificent structure, which was erected espe-
cially for its accommodation, and with aviewto the convenient transaction of
its immense business [See "First National Bank Building " andillustration.]
During the panic of 1873 the bank passed through the ordeal in excellent
shape, coming out of it with the renewed and strengthened confidence of the
public in the stability of its resources, and the wisdom and integrity of its
management. The fact is often referred to even in these days, that Mr.
Gage's courageous and judicious executive ability in 1873 not only averted a
calamity for his own bank, but had the effect of stimulating the nerve of
others in Chicago, and of inspiring the public with faith in the ability of all
to meet their obligations if they were not harassed or hampered. The
charter of the First National Bank expired in 1882; it went into liquidation,
paying off its stockholders and giving each one of them $294 for every SjslOO
paid in. This was in addition to dividends upon the capital from time to
time, which averaged through its entire history 10 per cent, per annum. On
the expiration of the old charter the new First National Bank, No. 2670, was
organized, and succeeded to the business of the old bank. Its paid-up capi-
tal was fixed at $3,000,000; Mr. Gage was made vice-president, aud Mr.
Symonds, cashier. The First National Bank is not only the greatest finan-
cial institution in Chicago, but one of tbe greatest in the country. The
showing of earnings and surplus which it made at the close of last year's
business attracted universal attention.

First National Bank of Enylewood: Located at Englewood, Chicago.
Officers. J. li. Enibre, president ; E. L. Roberts, vice-president ; F. B. War-
ren. Directors : J. It. Einbre, J. K. ISichols, H. B. Murphy, D. E. Prentice,
B. H. Knights, C. H. Caldwell, W. H. Sharp, J. M. Johnson.

Fort Dearborn, Xnlimuil Bunk . Organized, May 1, 1887. Present officers :
John A. King, president ; \V . L. Barnum, vice-president ; Peter Dudley, cash-
ier ; Chas. H. McGrath, assistant cashier. Capital, $500,000. Surplus at close
of 1892, $25.000. Undivided profits, $19,218,590. The Fort Dearborn
National bank is an institution of the highest standing, its directors being men
of large financial resources. Directors : W. L. Barnum ; J. W. Pluinmer,
John J. McGrath, William J. Wilson, D. K. Hill, E. Mandel, Thomas Kane,
George Keller, Arthur D. Rich, A. Plamondon and John A. King. Location
of banking house, 187-189 Dearborn street.

Globe Ni.ttiimnl Bank. Commenced business December 22, 1890, capital.
$1,000,000, surplus, $45,000. Present officers Oscar D. Wetherell, presi-
dent; Melville E. Stone, vice-president; D. A. Moullon, cashier; C. C. Swin-
borue, assistant cashier. The directors, comprising well-known business
men and capitalists, are as follows Melville E. Stone, late editor Chicago
Dai?u AV/r.vy Gust.ivus F. Swift, president Swift & Co. packers; William II.
Harper, manager Chicago ik Pacific Elevator Company; Robert L. Henry,
president Keystone Palace Horse-Car Company; Morris Rosenbaum, com-
mission merchant; Everett W. Brooks', lumber manufacturer; James L.
High, attorney- at-law; Amos Gran nis, contractor; Oscar D. Wetherell. Lo-
cation of banking house, northwest corner of J:>ckson and La Sails streets,
opposite Board of Trade.

Hide and Leather National Bank. Organized in 1872, received its charter
as a National bank in 1878. Present officers: Charles F. Grey, president; H.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 147

A. White, vice-president; D. L. Forest, cashier; Thos. L. Forrest, assistant
cashier. Capital, $300,000; resources, $2,171,827.96; surplus fund, $95,000;
undivided profits, $43,702.12. The individual deposits amount to $1,317,-
568.67. Directors, George C. Beuton, William L. Gray, C. H. Morse, Hugh
A. White, J. V. Taylor, "George M. Lyoii, P. P. Muthews, Charles F. Grey,
O. F. Fuller. "Location of banking house, La Salle and Madison sts

Home National Bank. Officers: President, A. M. Billings; vice-presi-
dent, J. C. McMullen; secretary, H. H. Blake. Directors: A. M." Billings,
William A. Talcott, C. K. G. Billings, J. C. McMullen, David Bradley.

Lincoln National Bank. Organized March, 1887.. Present officers V. C.
Price, president; E. S. Noyes, cashier; J. R. Clarke, assistant cashier.
Resources, loans and discounts, $592,132.42; overdrafts, $710.68; U. S. bonds
to secure circulation, $50,000; other stock, bonds and mortgages, $500; due
from other national banks, $140,736,35; due from state banks aud bankers,
$33 836.09; real estate, furniture aud fixtures; $4,731.50; current expenses and
taxes paid, $2,957.87; premiums paid, $8,000; checks and other cash items,
$881.11; exchanges for clearing house, $51,822.26; bills of other banks, $5,692;
fractional paper currency, nickels and pennies, $43.44; specie, $82,258.15;
legal tender notes, $80,000; redemption fund with U. S. treasurer (ft per cent,
of circulation), $2,250; cash means, $387,518.40; total, $1,046,557.87. Liabil-
ities Capitalstockpaidin, $200,000; surplus fund, $10,000; undivided profits,
$17,108.92; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; individual deposits, sub-
ject to check, $635,225.53; demand certificates of deposit, $24,869.99; certified
checks, $2,640.58; cashier's cheeks outstanding, $285.96; due to other national
banks, $107,917.18; due to state banks and bankers, $3,509.71; total deposits,
$774,448.95; total, $1,046,557.87.

Merchants' National Bank. Organized December, 1863 ; capital, $500,-
000. Preeent officers : Chaimcey J. Blair, president ; Frederick W. Crosby,
vice-president ; Henry A. Blair, second vice-president ; John C. Neely,
cashier ; directors, C. J. Blair, William Blair, H. A. Blair, W. F. Blair, M.
A. Rverson, F. W. Crosby. Statement. Resources: Loans and discounts,
$6,828,123.15 ; overdrafts, $102.13; United States bonds at par, $50,000; other
bonds at par, $283,700; banking house and safe deposit vaults, $125,000; due
from banks and United States Treasurer, $1,585,440.62; coin and currency,
$3,795, 797.60; total, $12,668,163.50. Liabilities: Capital, $500,000; surplus,
$1,500,000; undivided profits. $253 483.10; dividends unpaid, $260; deposits,
$10,414,420.40; total, $12,668,163.50. Location of banking house, 80 and 82
La Salle street.

Metropolitan National Bank. Organized May 12, 1884. Present officers:
E. G. Keith, president; J. L. Woodward, vice president; W. D. Preston,
cashier; H. II. Hitchcock, assistant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts,
$8,899,544.10; overdrafts, $4.893.15, bonds, $167,900; due from banks
and bankers, $1,620,995.26; cash and checks for clearings, $2,667,229 37.
Total, $4,456,124.63. Grand total, $13,360,561.88. Liabilities: Capital stock
paid in, $2,000,000; surplus and undivided profits, $1,111,372.90; national
bank notes outstanding, $45,000; deposits, $10,204,188.98. Total, $13,-
360.561.88. Directors: William Deering, A. C. Bartlett, Edson Keith, James
L. Woodard, W. J. Watson, E, Frankenthal, G. B. Shaw, E. T. Jeffery,
E. G. Keith, W. D. Preston. Location of banking house, La Salle and
Madison streets.

148 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

National Bank of America. Organized January 1, 1883. Present officers:
Isaac G. Lombard, president ; Morton B. Hull, vice-president; Edward B.
Lathrop, cashier; Charles A. Tinkham, assistant cashier. Resources: Dis-
counts and demand loaus, $3,334,154.90; overdrafts, 2,956.27; U. S. 4 per
cent, bonds, to secure circulation, $50,000; other bonds, $50,000; due
from other national banks, $525,227.29; due from banks and bankers, $67,-
370.89; $592,598.18; cash exchanges for clearing house, $231,590.85; cur-
rency and specie, $1,073,586.57; $1,305,177.42; due from treasurer U. S.
5 per cent fund, $2,250; due from treasurer U. S. (other than 5 per cent,
fund), $10,000; $5,347,136.77. Liabilities: Capital stock, $1,000,000;
surplus fund, $250,000; undivided profits, $59,217.29; circulating notes,
$44,iOO; dividends unpaid, $86.00; deposits, $3,993.431.48; $5,347,136.77.
The directors are: William Ruger, Morton B. Hull, William Dickinson,
Charles M. Henderson, Cyrus H. Adams, John H. Witbeck, Clarence Buck-
ingham, Isaac G. Lombard, Edward B. Lathrop. Location of banking house
La Salle and Washington streets.

National Bank of Illinois. Organized December, 1871. Present officers:
George Schneider, president; William H. Bradley, vice-president; W. A.
Hammond, cashier; Carl Moll, assistant cashier; Henry D. Field, 2d assist-
ant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $7,736,475.44; U. S. bonds to
secure circulation (4s at par), $50,000; other bonds and stocks, at par,
$198,760; 5 per cent, redemption fund, $2,250; due from national banks,
$1,390,733.76; due from banks and bankers, $397,354.99; exchanges for
clearing house, $679,492.84; cash on hand, $2,043,899.73; $4,511,481.32;
$12,498,966.76. Liabilities: Capital stcck paid in, $1,000,000; surplus,
$900,000; undivided profits, $14,487.34; national bank notes outstanding,
$45,000; dividends unpaid, $442.50; deposits individual, $7,135,158.03;
deposits banks, $3,303,878.89; total, $10,439,036.92; grand tota], $12,498,-
966.76. . Directors, S. B. Cobb, Walter L. Peck, William R Page, George
E. Adams, Charles R. Corwith, C. H. Bradley, Frederick Mahla, R. E.
Jenkins, Albert A. Hunger, William A. Hammond, George Schneider.
Location of banking house 111, 113, 115, and 117 Dearborn street.

National Live Stock Sank. Present officers Levi B. Doud, president;
George T. Williams, vice-president; Roswell Z. Herrick, cashier. Resources
Loans and discounts, $2,537,360.36; overdrafts, $7,355.30; U. S. bonds to
secure circulation, $50,000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $49,875;
Due from other National banks, $1,658,866.19; Due from Stale banks and
bankers, $197,324.92 $1,856,191.11; Real Estate, furniture and fixtures,
$3,326.47; current expenses and taxes paid, $83.70; premiums paid, $8,000 ;
exchanges for clearing-house, $64,019.92; bills of other banks, $11,965; frac-
tional paper currency," nickels and pennies, $765.97; specie, $200, 397. 50; legal -
tender notes, $199,600; U. S. certificates of deposit for legal tenders, 1100,000
$576,739.39; redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circula-
tion), $2,250; total, $5,091,181.33. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $750,-
000; surplus fund, $300,000; undivided profits, $176,742.13; National bank
notes outstanding, $32,000; dividends unpaid, $1,088; individual deposits
subject to check, 1,836,071.02; demand certificates of deposit, $332,984.91;
lime certificates of deposit, $25.00; due to other National banks, $1,363,500.-
47; due to State banks and bankers, 298,769.80 $3,831,351.20; total, $5,091,-
181.33. Directors John B. Sherman, Irus Coy, George T. Williams. Levi
B. Doud, Roswell Z. Herrick, Samuel Cozzens, Daniel G. Brown. At the

i E

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 149

last annual meeting of directors the sum of $100,000 was carried to the sur-
plus fund, now $300,000, while the individual profits reached $37,000. The
dividends have been 2 per cent, quarterly. At the last meeting of directors,
held December 29, 1891, $100,000 was carried from profit and loss to surplus
account, making $400,000 now (spiing of '92) in surplus. Location of bank-
ng house, Main Stock Yards.

National Bank of the Republic. Organized August, 1891 ; location of
banking house, Mailers Building, La Salle st. (After May 1, 1892). Capital
stock $1,000,000. President, John A. Lynch ; vice-president, A. M. Roths-
child (cashier), W. T. Fenton. Directors, E. B. Strong (of the late firm of
Foss, Strong & Co.); A. M. Rothschild (of E. Rothschild & Bros., manufact-
urers and wholesale clothiers); Alexander Mackay (general freight agent
Michigan Central R. R.); J. B. Mailers (capitalist); Henry Kerber, of
Henry Kerber & Son (wholesale stone dealers); J. B. Greenhut (president
Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co.); Samuel Woolner (capitalist); W. H.
McDoel (general manager L., N. A. & C. R. R.); John A. Lynch of Thos.
Lynch & Sons (capitalists), and W. T. Fenton. Comparative statement of
deposits September 25th, $942,666; December 2d, $1,127,826.61 ; December
31st, $1,206.296.25; January 18th, 1892, $1,307,112.06. Though one of the
youngest, this is looked upon as being one of the strongest banks in the
city.

Northwestern National Bank. Organized August, 1864. Present officers
-^E. Buckingham, president; W. F. Dummer, vice-president; F. W. Gookin,
cashier; F. W. Griffin, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts,
$3,344,595.94; overdrafts, $2,384.60; U. S. bonds to secure circulation (4 per
cents), $200,000; U. S. bonds to secure deposits (4 per cents), $300,000; other
stock, bonds and mortgages, $93,091.96; due from other National banks,
$492,510.54; due from State banks and bankers, $34,315.13 $526,825.67;
checks and other cash items, $358.06; exchangesfor clearing-house, $290,838,-
02; bills of o'her banks, $9,790; fractional paper currency, nickels, and pen-
nies, $307.57; specie, $639,772.41; legal-tender notes, $307,017 $1,248,083.06;
redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation), $9,000;
total, $5,723,981.23. Liabilities Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus
fund, $500,000; undivided profits, $100,606.32; National bank notes outstand-
ing, $115,045; individual deposits subject to check, $1,684,572.36; demand
certificates of deposit, $43,628.40; certified checks, $45.417.78; cashier's
checks outstanding. $50,190; United States deposits, $282,499.22; deposits of
U. S. disbursing officers, $14,238.72; due to other National banks, $938,105.-
30; due to State banks and bankers, $949,678.13 $4,008,329.91; total, $5,723,-
981.23. Directors Ebenezer Buckingham, Edward E. Ayer, William F.
Dummer, Marshall M. Kirkman and Franklin H. Head. Location of banking
house, La Salle and Adams Streets.

Oakland National Bank. Officers: President, Horace B. Taylor; vice-
president, Arthur W. Allyn; cashier, J. J. Knight. Directors: John R.
Walsh, Horace B Taylor, D. Harry Hammer, J. J. Knight, Arthur W.
Allyn, William A. Hammond, D. H. Kochersperger.

Prairie State National Bank. Officers: President, James W. Scoville;
vice-president, George Woodland; cashier, George Van Zandt. Directors
B. F. Homer, William Hafner, H. J. Evans, George Woodland, M. C. Bul-
lock, George Van Zandt, Jamei W. Scoville.

150 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Union National Bank. Organized December, 1863. Present officers
John J. P. Odell, president; David Kelley, vice president; August Blum,
cashier; W. O. Hipwell, assistant cashier. Resources Loans and discounts,
$6,210,437.71; United States bonds to secure circulation, par value, $50,-
000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $831,225.09; furniture, fix-
tures and real estate, $11,500; due from banks, $1,579.525 94; exchanges
for clearing house $733,760.21; cash, $1,931,548.60 $4,244, 834.75; due from
United States treasurer, $10,250; total $11,358,247.55. Liabilities: Capital
stock, paid in, $2,000,000; surplus, fund, $700,000; undivided profits, $80,-
640 79; reserved for taxes, $37,662.74; national bank notes outstanding,
$44,100; deposits, individual, $4,055,088.38; deposits, banks, *4, 440,755. 64;
$8,495,844.02; Total, $11,358,247.55. The directors are C. R. Cummiogs,
J. H. Barker, H. N. May, David Kelley, O. C. Barber, S. K. Martin, S. B.
Barker, D. B. Dewey, J. J. P. Odell. The Union National has been especially
favored in having had for its presidents some of Chicago's ablest and most
experienced financiers, and to this is mostly due the bank's prompt rush
to the front line of the city banks and its maintenance of that position
for so many years. The first president was William F. Coolbaugh, -who at
his death, which occurred in November, 1877, was succeeded by Calvin T.
"Wheeler. On the expiration of its original charter December 30, 1884, the
Union National Bank was re-organized, and under its new charter, W. C. D.
Grannis was chosen president, and J. J. P. Odell, vice-president. Mr. C.
R. Cummings was made president in 1886, but took no active part in the
management of the bank. Upon his retirement Mr. J. J. P. Odell became
president, and has continued in that position up to the present date. Mr.
Odell has been identified with the banking business of Chicago since 1865,
and for twenty-four years has been connected with the Union National, hav-
ing entered its service in 1866, as bookkeeper, and in the interval filled
almost every intermediate position of responsibility in the bank. In
amount of deposits the place of the Union National at the present time is in
the second group averaging $9,750,000. Location of banking house, north-
east corner of La Salleand Adams streets, Home Insurance building.

BANKING INSTITUTIONS STATE AND PRIVATE.

Adolph Loeb & Bro., Bankers. Established over thirty-three years ago,
since which time the house has been doing an extensive mortgage loan, real
estateand general banking business. The house was founded by Adolph Loeb,
and shortly afterward he associated with himself his brother "William. Two
years ago Julius Loeb and Edward G. Pauling were admitted into the firm.
Loeb & Bro. are bankers of large capital and the very highest standing in
Chicago commercial circles.

Avenue Savings Bank. Location Thirty-first street and Michigan avenue.
This institution is owned by George L. Magill, its president, and Louis Krame,
its cashier. It pays interest to savings depositors.

American Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the
State of Illinois, 1889; capital, $1,000,000; surplus, $150,000. Present
officers G. B. Shaw, president Franklin H. Head, vice-president; J. R.
Chapman, cashier; W. L. Moyer, assistant cashier. Directors: William J.
Watson, T. W. Harvey, Adolph Kraiis, Franklin H. Head, S. A. Maxwell,
J. H. Pearson, C. T. Trego, Ferd W. Peck, William Deeriug, G. B. Shaw,

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 151

V. A. Watkins, E. L. Lobdell, C. T. Nash, Joy Morton, George E. Wood,
William Kent, S. A. Kent. Location of banking house, Owings building,
Dearborn and Adams streets.

Bank of Commerce. Incorporated March 9, 1891, aa successor to the
private banking house of Felsenthal, Gross & Miller ; capital stock paid up,
$500,000. Location, 108 La Salle street. The business 'of the private bank
had increased so that the firm feit it incumbent on them to join the clearing
house, and consequently increased their capital to the required amount,
$500,000. The officers of the State Bank of Illinois are among the most sub-
stantial and reputable citizens of Chicago. Herman Felsenthal, president;
Jacob Gross, vice-president ; Fred Miller, cashier. Directors : Adam Miller,
Jacob Gross, Herman Felsenthal, Adolph Loeb, S. M. Fischer, Jacob Birk,
K. G. Schmidt. L. Loewenstein, Samuel Woolner, Charles F. Miller, Eli B.
Telsenthal, Morris Beifeld, Jacob Spielmann.

Bank of Montreal. William Monroe, manager; E. M. Shadbolt, assistant
cashier.

Cahn and Strauss, Bunkers. Do a general commercial business, making
specialties of government bonds, local securities and foreign exchange.
Location of banking house, 128 La Salle street.

Central Trust and Savings .Ban*. Present location Washington st. and
Fifth avenue. Cost Capital, $200,000. In banking department receives
deposits subject to check. In savings department receives deposits of $1.00
and upward, 4 percent per annum. 'Officers : William A. Paulten, 1st vice-
president ; F. P. Burgett, 2d vice-president; Charles Sparre, cashier.
Directors . Wm. A. Paulsen, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; Chas.
Sparre, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers ; E. Jennings, Pres. of E. Jennings
Co. ; Frank A. Smith, Manufacturer ; W. A. Mason, of Jas. H. Walker &
Co., Dry Goods; W. M. R. Vose, Real Estate and Loans ; Jas. Frake, Attor-
ney ; James H. Channon, of H. Channon Co., Ship Chandlers ; Win. Hill,
Mortgage Loans; J. W. Byers. Com. Merchant, Stock Yards; Gorham B.
Coffin, of Coffin Devoe & Co., Paints. [The building at present occupied by
this bank is to be torn down Future location unknown ^ this writing.]

diaries Henrotin, Banker and Broker. One of the founders of the Chi-
cago Stock Exchange, and one of the heaviest brokers in local and outside
stocks in Chicago. A promoter of some of the largest enterprises of the
times. Location of banking house, 169 Dearborn street.

Chicago Trust and Savings Bank. Under the supervision of the State of
Illinois, organized May, 1885; capital paid in, $400,000 Present officers D.
H. Tolman, president; P. E. Jennison, cashier. Location of banking house,
northeast corner of Washington and Clark sts. [N. B. This banking house
has been the subject of a vast amount of most unfavorable criticism. Its
president, D. H. Tolman, has been frequently charged with, and sued in the
courts for, alleged unfairness in business and sharp practice in dealing with
his clients.]

Corn Exchange Sink. Organized 1872. re-organized 1879; capital,
$1,000000; surplus, $1.000,000. Present officers Charles L. Hutchinson,
president; Ernest A. Hamill, vice-president; Frank W. Smith, cashier.
Directors Charles L. Hutchinson, Byron L. Smith, Charles Counsolman,
Sidney A. lOnt. John H. Dwight, Edwin G. Foreman, Ernest A. Hamill,
Charles H. VVacker, B. M. Frees, Charles H. Schwab. Edward B Butler.

152 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

The Corn Exchange is one of the great banking houses of the city, and for
over eighteen years has ranked among the leading financial institutions of
the West. Location of banking house, Rookery building, Adams and La
Salle streets.

Dime Savings Bank. Organized under State supervision ; incorporated
April, 1869. Present officers Samuel G. Bailey, president, merchant ;
W. C. D. Grannis, vice-president, president Atlas National bank ; Eugene
Gary, insurance, Rialto building ; C. B. Farwell, merchant and United
States Senator; A. R. Barnes, printer, 68 and 70 Wabash avenue; W. M.
Van Nort wick, paper manufacturer, Batavia, 111.; L. R. Giddings, mortgages,
Chamber of Commerce buildiag; G. P. Swift, packer, Union Stock Yards;
Wm. Kelsey Reed, treasurer. This is exclusively a savings bank, and ranks
high among Chicago's financial institutions. Location of banking house and
safety vaults, 104-106 Washington street.

E. S. Dreyer & Co., Bankers. Established over twenty years ago, and
one of the leading banking houses of the city. The firm is composed of E. S.
Dreyer and Robert Berger. A specialty is made of mortgage loans, though
the house does a general banking business. Location, northeast corner of
Dearborn and Washington sts.

Farmers' Trust Company. Present officers R. Sayer, president; Josiah
L. Lombard, vice-president and treasurer. Capital $100,000. Location of
banking house, 112 Dearborn street.

Foreman Bros., Bankers. Pounded thirty years ago, by the father of the
present proprietors of the house, Edwin G. Foreman and Oscar G. Foreman.
A banking institution that has maintained a high standing through the ad-
verse as well as prosperous times in Chicago history, for over a quarter of a
century. Foreman Bros, receive deposits, buy and sell martgages and other
investment securities, and make a specialty of loanson real estate. Location
of banking house, 128 and 130 Washington St., near Chamber of Commerce,
opposite City Hall.

Globe Savings Bank. Organized 1890 Capital paid in $200,000. Savings
accounts bear interest at 4 per cent, per annum. Four interest days each
year January 1^: April 1st, July 1st, October 1st. Deposits on or before
the 4th of the month bear interest from the 1st. C. W. Spalding, president;
Edward Hayes, vic-president; J. P. Atgeld, second vice-president; W. S.
Loomis, assistant cashier.

(Greenebaum Sons, Binkers. Founded by EHas Greenebaum thirty-seven
years ago. The present firm consists of Elias Greenbaum, H. E. Greenebaum,
M. E. Greenebaum and James E. Greenebaum. The house transacts a very
large banking business and makes a specialty of loans and real estate. The
bank occupies the main floor of 116 and 118 Lasalle street, Mercantile build-
ing. Greenebaum Sons' bank has occupied an important place in the growth
and development of the city. Thousands of buildings, from the neat resi-
dence to the business block, have been erected primarily by funds obtained
through this firm. Drafts and letters of credit issued on all European cities.

Guarantee Company of North America. Head office, Montreal, Canada.
Chicago directors L. J. Gage, vice-president, First National Bank; R. R. Cable,
president C., R. I. & P. R. R.; the Hon. J. Russell Jones, ex-president
West Side Ry.; C. T. Wheeler, ex-president Continental National Bank; E.
Nelson Blake, ex-president Board of Trade. Capital and resources, $1,079 -
574. Office, 175 La Sail* street.

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 153

Hibernian Banking Association. Organized 1867. One of the most sub-
stantial banking houses inthecity; capital, $222,000 ; undivided profits, $293,-
095.81. Present officers J. V. Clarke, president ; Charles F. Clark, vice-
president ; Hamilton B. Dox, cashier. Directors J. V. Clarke, Hamilton B.
Dox, James R. McKay, Henry B. Clarke, Thomas Lonergan, Charles F.
Clark, J. V. Clarke, Jr. , Louis B. Clark. Location of banking house, Clark
and Lake streets.

Illinois Trust and Savings Bank. Organized under the laws of the State
of Illinois, August, 1887. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus, $1,000,-
000; additional liabilities of its stockholders, $1,000,000; total amount pledged
for the security of depositors, $3,000,000. Present officers John J. Mitchell,
president; John B. Drake, vice-president; William H. Mitchell, 3d vice-presi-
dent; W. H. Reid, 3d vice-president; James S. Gibbs, cashier; B. M. Chattel,
assistant cashier. Directors L. Z. Leiter, William G. Hibbard, John B.
Drake, John J. Mitchell, John McCaffery, J. C. McMullin, W. H. Reid,
William H. Mitchell, D. B. Shipman. Among the stockholders of the bank
are the wealthiest capitalists and merchants of Chicago, including L.Z. Leiter,
J. Russell Jones, Marshall Field, Albert Keep, Philip D. Armour, Robert
Law, J. C. McMullin. Following is a statement of the bank's resources and
liabilities: Resources Bonds and stocks, $1,440,816.50; real estate, $26,291.34;
current expenses paid, $25,314.61; cash and exchange, $2,856,178.05; loans on
demand, $8,155,679.21; loans on time, $1,943,152.25; loans on real estate,
$1,817,193.32; total, $16,264,625.28. Liabilities Capital stock, $1,000,000;
surplus fund, $788,916.20; undivided profits, $275,737.58; dividends unpaid,
$3,500; time deposits, $7,699,740.73; demand deposits, $6,496,730.77; total,
$16,264,625.28. The bank has savings, commercial safety deposit and trust
departments. Location of banking house, Rookery building, southeast
corner of La Salle and Adams streets.

Industrial Bank of Chicago. Location, Blue Island avenue and Twentieth
streets. A savings and commercial institution. President, A. L. Chetlain;
first vice-president, Louis Hutt; second vice president, B. M. Hair; cashier,
John G. Schaar; assistant cashier, J. E. Henriques. Directors : Louis Hutt,
A. H. Andrews, W. O. Goodman, B. M. Hair, John G. Schaar, A. L. Chet-
lain, John McLaren, H. D. Cable and P. G. Dodge.

The idea of establishing this new bank originated with the leading manu-
facturers and lumbermen in that district, which is known as the lumber dis-
trict, embracing the territory south of the Burlington tracks and as far west
as the Belt Line. It is the most important industrial district in Chicago,
located three miles southwest from the business center, and has a population
of 50,000. The need of a bank there has long been felt by the manufacturers
and business men. The annual output of the district, including lumber and
the product of the various important manufacturing interests there located,
amounts to over $30,000,000, while there is paid in wages to skilled and
unskilled labor between $7,000,000 and $9,000,000 a year.

The new bank will do a general banking business, will sell foreign and
domestic exchange, steamship tickets of all classes to all points in Europe,
issue letters of credit and accept savings accounts. General A. L. Chetlain,
an old and respected citizen of Chicago, is the president of the new institu-
tion; Louis Hutt, the well-known lumberman, is the firstvice-president; B. M.
Hair, of Hair & Ridgway, the second vice-president; John G. Schaar, the
cashier, and J. E. Henriques, the assistant cashier. Besides General Chetlain,

154 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Messrs. Hutt and Hair and Cashier Schaar, the directors are: W. O. Good-
man, of the Sawyer-Goodman Co.; A. H. Andrews, of A. II. Andrews & Co.;
John McLaren, of John Mason, Loomis & Co.; H. D. Cable, president of the
Chicago Cottage Organ Company, and P. G. Dodge, of P. G. Dodge & Co.

The high character of the men who have the management of the new bank
is a sufficient guarantee that its affairs will be administered wisely, and that
it will be conducted on business principles.

The elegant fire-proof building now being built for this bank will be ready
for them about May 1st, and will contain one of the finest safety vaults in the
city.

International Bank. Organized October 21, 1868, as the International
Mutual Trust Company, and was changed to its present name in 1871. The
first officers were Prances A. Hoffman, president; Julius Busch, vice-presi-
dent; aucl Rudolph Schloesser, cashier. Present officers B. Loewenthal,
president; Leo Fox, vice-president; Bernhard Neu, cashier. Mr. Lowenthal,
the president, became connected with the bank in 1870. Capital, $500,000;
surplus, January 1, 1892, $125,000. Directors John Kranz, Louis Wamboldj,
August Bauer, B. New, Ed. Rose, Michael Brand, B. Lowenthal and Leo Fox.
Besides doing a general banking business, the International Bank issues cir-
cular letters of credits, and draws drafts on' all parts of the world. The stand-
ing of the International is first-class. Banking house located at 110 La Salle
street.

Meadowcroft Bros. , Bankers. Established 1860. Located at the northwest
corner of Dearborn and Washington streets. This banking house offers
every facility for individuals or merchants who contemplate opening an
account or making changes. Aside from the ordinary conveniences of hav-
ing banking connections, the depositor can make his selection from different
classes of deposit contracts, either certificates bearing interest or special de-
posits with interest. Those desiring safe investment for their funds can be
supplied with good real estate securities, or have orders for any bonds or
stocks executed. The bank is enabled to offer the advantages of European
correspondents both in buying and selling. Location of banking house,
northwest corner of Dearborn and Washington sts.

Merchant's Loan and Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the
State of Illinois in 1857. Capital, $2,000,000; surplus, $1,000,000; undivided
profits, $613,430. The trustees are Marshall Field, C. H. McCormick, John
DeKoven, Albert Keep, John Tyrrell, Lambert Tree, J. W. Doane, P. L.
Yoe, George M. Pullman, A. H. Burley, E. T. Watkins, Erskine M. Phelps,
Orson Smith. Present officers J. W. Doaue, president; P. L. Yoe, vice-
president; Orson Smith, second vice-president; F. C. Osborn, cashier.
This is the oldest and one of the greatest banking houses in Chicago.
" Long" John Wentworth was one of the original incorporators, and through-
out the latter part of his life was active in the banks's interest. The Mer-
chants' Loan and Trust Company does the general work of a modern Trust
company and that of a bank of discount as well.

Milwaukee Avenue State Bank. Location Milwaukee Avenue and Car-
penter street. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. Capital, $250,000.
Successor to the banking house of Paul O. Stensland & Co., the leading
financial institution of the northwestern section of the city. The former
bank had built up a very large business with the tradespeople of Milwaukee

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 155

avenue 011 the great manufacturing concerns contiguous to that important
thoroughfare. For this reason it became necessary to increase its capital
stock and facilities, and an organization under the State banking laws WHS
effected on September 15, 1891, when the Milwaukee Avenue State Bank was
incorporated. The officers of the bank are, president, Paul O. Stensland;
vice-president, Andrew C. Lausten; cashier, Charles E. Schlytern; attorney,
Donald L. Morill. Directors John P. Hanson, F. H. Herhold, William
Johnson, M. A. LaBuy, A. C. Lausten, John McLaren, Thomas G. Morris,
John Schermann, John Smulski, Paul O. Stensland and Spren D. Thorson.
The stockholders are all representative business and professional men.
Among the more prominent are: Franklin S. Anderson, of John Anderson
Publishing Co. ; John P. Hansen, cigar manufacturer; F. Herhold & Sons,
chair manufacturers; A. J. Johnson & Sons, furniture manufacturers ; William
Johnson, Vessel owner; Peter Kiolbassa, city treasurer; Andrew C Lausten,
president Northwestern Lead & Oil Co.; Richard Prendergast, attorney;
Morris Rosenfeld, capitalist; Jesse Spalding, president Spalding Lumber
Co.; Paul O. Stensland, Soren D. Thorson, of Central Manufacturing Co,
and John R. Walsh, president Chicago National Bank. The following
figures show the condition of the business of the bank in January of the
present year. Assets; loans and discounts, $458,869.16; furniture, fixtures
and lease, $10,201.50; due from banks, $83,250.29; cash on hand, $56,163.71;
total, $608,484.66. Liabilities: capital stock, $250,000; undivided profits,
$5,237.03; individual deposits, $216 393.08; savings deposits, $136,853.95;
total, $353,24f .63; grand total, $608,484.66.

This bank does a general business and in addition has a savings depart-
ment. Teachers, clerks, artisans and wage-workers generally, will fiud'this
a convenient and safe place for their savings. Deposits received in this
department in amojints of one dollar and upwards, and interest allowed at
the usual rates. This bank sells exchange and money orders on foreign
countries at the lowest market rates. Drafts, payable on demand, drawn on
all principal cities in Europe, and remittances made to any address without
risk to the purchaser. Foreign money bought and sold. Connected with
this bank are the Milvtaukee avenue Safe Deposit Vaults, where private
boxes for the safe keeping of documents and other valuables, are rented at
$5.00 per year. Entrance through the bank. The high standing and popu-
larity of the president of the bank in his capacity of a private citizen, brings
to the institution, of which he is the head, the confidence of the public. Mr.
Stensland'g time is given almost wholly to the conduct of this institution, and
it gives promise of ranking among the great banking houses of the city before
very long.

Northern Trust Company. Organized under the jurisdiction and super-
vision of the State of Illinois, August, 1889. Capital fully paid in $1,000,-
000. Present officers B. L. Smith, president;. Charles L. Hutchinson, vice-
presi'dent; Arthur Heurtle}', cashier; Frank L. Hawkey, assistant cashier.
Directors A. C. Bartlett, J. Harley Bradley, II. N. Higinbotham, Marvin
Hughitt, Charles L. Hutchinson, A. O. Slaughter, Martin A. Ryerson,
Albert A. Sprague, B. L. Smith. Location of banking house, Chamber of
Commerce building, southeast corner of Washington and La Salle streets.

Peabody, Houghteling & Co., 59 Dearborn street, Investment Bankers.
Some years before the great fire of 1871 the extensive business done by this
firm in mortgage loans upon real estate in Cook county had its origin Mr.

156 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.

Benjamin E. Gallup was associated with Mr. Peabody in the business, under
the firm name of Gallup & Peabody, until 1875 or 1876. The firm earned a
high reputation for ability and conservatism, and enjoyed the confidence of a
large list of investors. From and after January, 1876, Mr. Gallup's connec-
tion with the business having terminated, the business was conducted under
the firm name of Francis B. Peabody & Co. Mr. James L. Houghteling
became a partner in the business January 1, 1885, and since the name of the
house has been as indicated in the caption of this sketch. Their business has
kept pace with the growth of the city, and they are now reputed to do the
leading business in mortgage loans in this city.

They are known to exercise the greatest care in the valuations of real
estate offered for loans, in the examination of title and in ascertaining the
character and responsibility of borrowers. By reason of their long expe-
rience, fair dealing, promptness and available capital, they are enabled in all
conditions of the money market to select the best securities and to deal with
the most responsible class of borrowers. They have contributed very largely
in making loans upon Chicago property the most popular and desirable of
investments.

Their clientage, already very extensive, is rapidly growing, and embraces
some of the most prominent financial and educational institutions, both in the
East and in Chicago. The first mortgages (principal and interest payable in
gold) they have constantly in hand are bought largely for the investment of
trust funds, where safety and a fair rate of interest can be combined.

Peterson & Bay, Bankers. Established 1873. Andrew Peterson and Geo.
P. Bay, owners; deal in investment securities, foreign exchange, mortgage
loans, make collections and do a general real estate business. Location of
banking house Southwest corner La Salleand Randolph sts.

Prairie State Savings and Trust Company. Organized February 22, 1861,
with a capital of $100,000 ; increased to $200,000 October 8, 1890 ; present
officers, Charles B. Scoville, president ; George Van Zandt, vice-president ;
George Woodland, cashier. Location of banking house 45 South Des-
plaines st.

Pullman Loan and Savings Bank. Located at Pullman. Chicago.
Officers: George M. Pullman, president: Edward F. Bryant, secretary;
directors, Geoige M. Pullman, Marshall Field, Stephen F. Gale, John W.
Doane, Geo. F. Brown, C. R. Cummings, John De Koven, G. Vandersyde
and James Chase. Statement of condition, January 1, 1892: Resources:
Loans and discounts, $509,982.69 ; due from banks and depositories, $192,-
926 26; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $2.827.82; cash, $48,939.74. Total
resources, $754,676.51. Liabilities: Capita], $100,000; surplus, $50,000; profit
and loss, $7,449.16; dividend unpaid, $3,000; deposits, commercial, $174,-
598.34; deposits, savings, $419.629.01. Total liabilities, $754,676.51.

Slaughter, A. 0. & Co. Located at 111-113 La Salle street (Chamber of
Commerce building); A. O. Slaughter and William V. Baker, proprietors.
Mr. Slaughter has been in business here for over twenty-five years, and is
considered the best informed authority on railroad bonds and stocks in the
city. Mr. Baker is of the old firm of Baker & Parmele, which started as
bankers and brokers in 1886. Mr. Parmele died in May, 1890. The firm of
A. O. Slaughter & Co. was established in July, 1890. This house ranks
among the most solid and reliable institutions of Chicago. Mr. Slaughter's
prominence in social and business circles is indicative of the high estimation

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 157

in which he is held on all sides. Mr. Baker takes a foremost position among
the skillful bank executives of the city. The management of the finances of
many great enterprises and of many great estates has been intrusted to this
"firm during recent years. It is considered one of the most, carefully conducted
private banking establishments in the country.

Scliaffner & Co., Bankers. Established January, 1878. One of the
largest and most responsible private banking houses in the country. Herman
Schaffner and A. G. Becker, proprietors and managers. Makes a specialty of
handling commercial paper and dealing with manufacturing and business
firms. Annual business transacted, about $35,000,000. Its business is confined
to the securities and paper of this country, but it has extensive foreign deal-
ings as well. The firm has few equals in the amount of the actual moneyed
transactions made in any of the Eastern cities. The successful handling of
the immense amount of paper as shown by a single year's business, is as
highly gratifying as it is commendatory of the financial ability and acumen of
the members of the firm.

Security, Loan and Savings Bank. Organized August, 1886. Capital,
$100,000. Present officers E. R. Walker, president; D. Rankin, cashier.
Location of banking house, 127 La Kalle Street.

State Bank of Chicago. Located at the northeast corner of La Salle and
Lake streets (Marine building). Formerly the private banking house of Hau-
gan & Lindgren, established originally 1879. New bank established February
10,1891. Cash capital, $500,000. Officers: H. A. Haugan, president; John H.
Dwight, vice-president; John R. Lindgren, cashier. Directors: Thomas
Murdoch, A. P. Johnson, H. C. Durand, A. Jurgens, J. M. Larimer, Charles
L. Hutchinson, Theo. Freeman, John H. Dwight, P. 8. Peterson, H. A.
Haugan, John R. Lindgren. The last report of the bank shows the following
as its condition Dec. 31, 1891: Loans and discounts, $1,543,957.69; bonds.
$12,992.47; furniture and fixtures. $5,800; cash and due from banks, $503,-
589.01; total resources, ($2,066,339.17; liabilities cash capital, $500,000;
undivided profits, $50,868.37; deposits, $1,515,470.80; total liabilities. $2,066,-
339.17.

Union Trust Company. Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois,
April 20, 1870. Present officers S. W. Rawson, president; E. F. Pulsifer,
vice-president; G. M. Wilson, cashier;