A chronicle of England during the reigns of the Tudors, from A.D. 1485 to 1559 Volume 1

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A CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND

DURING THE REIGNS OF THE TUDORS,

FROM A.D. 1485 TO 1559.

BY
CHARLES 'VRIOTHESLEY, WINDSOR HERALD.

EDITED,
FRO
I A MS. IN THE POSSESSION OF
LIEUT.-GENERAL LORD HENRY H. 1\1. PERCY, K.C.B., V.C., F.R.G.S.,

BY

WILLIA1YI DOUGLAS HAMILTON, F.S..A..

VOL Ul\IE I.

PRINTED FUR THE CA
IDEN SOCIETY.

1I.DCCC.LXXY.

WEST
IINSTER :
PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS,
25, PARLIAMENT STREET.

[NE'V SERIES XI.]

COUNCIL OF THE CA
IDEN SOCIE'rY

FOR THE YEAR 1874-75.

President,

THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF VERULAl\l, F.R.G.S.

WILLIAIH CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A., Treasure'l'.
WILLIAl\l DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A.
HENRY CHARLES COOTE, ESQ. F.B.A.
FREDERICI\: 'VILLIAl\l COSENS, ESQ.
JAl\lES GAIRDNER, ESQ.
SAl\IUEL RAWSON GARDINEH, ESQ., Di'I'ector.
ALFRED KINGSTON,
SQ., Secretary.
SIR JOHN MACLEAN, F.S.A.
FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. V.P. S.A.
J AlVIES ORCHARD PIIILLIPPS, ESQ. F.R.S. F.S.A.
ED'VARD RIl\IBAULT, LL.D.
REV. 'V. SP ARRO\V SIl\iPSON, D.D. F.S.A.
JAl\iES SPEDDING, ESQ.
'VILLIAl\1 JOHN THOl\IS, ESQ. F.S.A.
J. R. DANIEL-TYSSEN, ESQ.

.

Tbe COU
CIL of the CAMDEN SOCIETY desire it to be under-
stood that tbey are not answerable for any opinions or observa-
tions that may appear in the Society's publicat.ions; the Editors
of the several Works being alone responsible for the same.

.

INTRODUCTION

IN its main features this History Inay be described as a continua-
tion of" The Customes ofLonòon/' by Richard Arnold, froln which
the earlier portion, i. e. as far as the 11 th year of Henry VIII., is
a mere plagiarism. After that date the Chronicle becomes original,
and contains lnuch .valuable information. Froln internal evidence
it \vould appear to be the ,york of a scholar, and to have been
\vritten contelnporaneously, the events being jotted do,vn froln day
to day as they occurred. The characteristic of City Chronicles is
maintained throughout by the adoption of the civic year, nlarking
the term of office of each Lord Ì\Iayor instead of the regnal year
of the sovereign, thus causing an apparent confusion in the chro-
nology. This form was probably adopted by our author as he
found it already ernployed by Richard Arnold, whose reign of
Henry VII. he made the COlnmencement nf his history, ,vith but
slight variations, for the reasons subsequently explained. It has
therefore been thought advisable to retain this peculiar division
of the year in the text, but in the margin the Anno Domini and
l'Pgnal years have been added in their correct places, so that the
reader ,vill experience but little inconvenience froln this devia-
tion frOlu the ordinary chronology. "Thether the author of the
Chronicle placed the regnal year in its present position in the
text as synonYlnous ,vith Lord l\Iayor's Day, or whether it \vas
afterwards transferred thither from the nlargin by the copyist, is an
open question. In the earlier editions of Inost City Chronicles the
name of the ne\v Lord l\Iayor and sheriffs for the succeeùing year
are inserted in a blank space in the text left for this purpose in the
C
\l\ID. soc. Ú

11

INTltODUCTION.

lnonth of :Novenlber; but, when sueh chronicles or histories became
luore widely kno,vn, the editor or transcriber frequently ornitted
the nalnes of these civic dignitaries, and inserted in their stead the
regnal year of the sovereign, thus giving a rough approximation
to the chronology, for in no instance did the accession of the
sovereign occur exactly on the :;ame day of the month as Lord
1vlayor's Day.
It is not necessary to follow this investigation further, but
the mention of it was essential as affording the first step in the
eviden
e as to the authenticity and authorship of the Chronicle.
There is no doubt then as to its being one of those nUluerous City
Chronicles which were at this period so often kept by intelligent
Londoners for their own satisfaction and the perusal of their friends
and descendants, without any ulterior intention of publication.
In this instance, the
IS., which has been preserved anlongst the
faluily archives of the noble house of Percy, is not the original but
a transcript of the time of J alues 1. bearing no trace of the author's
name, or indication of the time at ,vhich he lived. vVe are conse-
quently compelled to fall back on internal evidence, and fortunately
several incidental allusions Inade by the author to his own family
connections furnish us with the desired information. The Inost
direct and valuable of these is a passage in ,vhich he claims relation-
ship with the great statesman of Henry the Eighth's reign, Lord
Chancellor \Vriothesley, after,vards, on 16th February, 1547, created
Earl of Southalnpton: "This yeare [1540J, in Aprill, lnyeosin 1\11'.
Thomas \Vriosley was made the I(inges Secretarie, and 1\11'. Sadler,
of the Privie Chamber, joyned with hiln, and were booth made
knightes also."
It is likewise very clear from the context that the ,vriter held
SOlne official post, which brought hinl into contact with the Earl

farshal's and Lord Steward's departInen ts, for he not only pal'-
ticularises which of the Heralds took part in certain public cere-
monials, and the names and precedence of the illustrious guests
'who were present 1).t the city and court banquets, but specifics the

IXTRODUCTIO:r\".

III

number of dishes and even the dress of the ladies. Such infor-
lnation could only be acquired by one who was present to witness
these proceedings. K ow such opportunity ,vas enjoyed by the
members of the College of Arms, who, as we are informed by
Koble, a had a stage appropriated to their use, at the "right end "
of the table, at all banquets.
'\T e can thus have little difficulty in determining the name of the
author of the Chronicle, ,vho was also a resident of the City of
London. On turning to the list of Heralds in the reign of Henry
V III. we find that Sir T'homas 'V rythe or W riothesley was Garter
Principal I\:ing at Arms from 26th Jan. 1505 till 24th Xov. 1534,
and that his son Charles W riothesley was created 'Vindsor Herald
on Christmas Day 1534, by patent dated 1 st Jan. following. vVhilst
the latter held this office, says Noble, b he sa, v four sovereigns upon
the English throne; these were Henry VIII., Echvard VI., 1\1ary,
and Elizabeth, in the second year of ,vhose reign this Chronicle
terminates. He succeeded Thomas vVall as Rouge-croix pursuivant
in 1524, a short tilne after he had been appointed Berwick pursui-
vant, and, as he was born in 1508, he lTIUst have been under sixteen
years of age when he entered on his public career.
According to the custom of those times, our author attached
himself to the person or service of Lord Chancellor Audley, whom
he looked up to as his patron, of which circumstance ,ve aJ.e in-
fi)nned by his reference to that statesman on several occasions as
"his lord and master," and of ,vhom the last mention occurs at
page 147, where our author writes " The 30th day of Aprill, 1544.
Sir Thomas Awdley, knight, Lord of ,,:r alden and Chancellor
of England, my late lord and master, departed this worldly life
at his place of Christes Church in London." Subsequently W6
meet with such expressions as "my lord great Jnaster," "my great
master," and" lny great master's house;" but these are to be under-
stood as only designating the Lord St.eward of the l(ing's household,

" lIi
t. College of Arm...;, p. 10:1.

h I'ag:<> I:.! I.

IV

INTRODUCTION.

especially Lord St. John, \v ho filled that high office in the latter
part of the reign of Henry VIII. and ,vas generally styled the Lord
Great l\Iaster of the I{:ïng's houschold. At the time of his entering
upon life our author's uncle, 'Villialn "\V rythe or "r riothcsley, the
elder brother of Sir Tholnas (Garter), 'vas York IIerald, and it was
his son Thomas, subsequently Lord Chancellor, w hon1 our author,
in the above quoted passage, clai 111S as his cousin.
As the Chancellor's fortunes had a lnarked influence on the life of
our author, which is even noticeable in his writings, a brief sketch
of his biography will not be here entirely out of place. The earliest
notice of this Thomas \ve have met with is in the 27th of Henry
VIII. when he ,vas made Coroner and Attorney in the Court of
COlnmon Pleas, and in three years afterwards, being then one of the
principal Secretaries of State (see p. 115), he was sent ambassador to
treat of a marriage between the ICing and Christiana, second daugh-
ter of the ICing of Denmark. Although unsuccessful in this lnission,
he managed it with such tact as not to give offence to his royal
In aster ; in this, more happy than his fellow-minister Crumwell,
who for procuring the hand of Anne of Cleves for his imperious
lord ,vas ordered to execution by the sumnlary process of an Act of
Attainder ,vithout a trial. It ,vas no easy task to serve such a
., gallant prince," but our knight continued to prosper during all
the long reign of" OUI' king and en1peror." In 1541, subsequently
to his having received the honour of knighthood (see p. 115), he
was Inade Constable of the Castle of Southampton. He was soon
after accredited as one of the Comlnissioners to treat with the
Emperor Charles V. and he was elevated to the peerage by letters
patent dated 1st January 1544, by the title of Baron \Vriothesley
of Titchfield, Han ts, which, being one of the monasteries then dis..
solved, he obtained by grant froln the Crown. Soon after this,
upon the decease of Lord Audley, the "lord and master" of our
coronicler, Lord"\V riothesley was constituted Lord Chancellor of
England (see page 147), and the SaInc year he was Blade a ICnight of
the Garter. (See page 154). lIe was suLsequently appointed hy

INTRO DUCT ION.

v

lCing Henry one of his executors (see page 179), and nalned of the
Council to the young Edward VI., three days before whose corona-
tion he ,vas created Earl of Southampton, by letters patent dated
16th February, 1547. His Lordship did not long, however, main-
tain his influence in this reign. Prior to the accession of the boy
king he ,vas opposed to the Duke of Somerset, and he had little
chance, under the new order of affairs, of sustaining himself
against so powerful a rival. The Earl, in order that he might
have the greater leisure to attend to other business, had, of his own
authority as it ,vould seetn, put the great seal into commission,
and had empowered four lawyers, two of whom were canonists, to
execute, in his absence, the duties of his high office. Complaints
of this irregularity were made to the Council, which, influenced by
the Protector Somerset, readily seized the opportunity to disgrace
him. The judges were consulted upon the occasion, and gave it as
their opinion that the c0111mission ,vas illegal, and that the Chan-
cellor, by his presumption in granting it, had justly forfeited the
great seal and had even subjected himself to punishment. He was
consequently required to deliver up the great seal (see page 183),
and having paid his fine was ordered to confine himself to his o,vn
house during the I{ing's pleasure.
This eminent person's position as a reformer, it Jnay be observed,
was within the bounds of Henry the Eighth's reforms, and in this he
,vas in sympathy with the position taken by our chronicler, but his
opinions were not sufficiently advanced for the ultra-Protestant
régime of Ed\vard VI. He was accustomed to observe, that" force
awed, but justice governed the world;" and that" he loved a bishop
- to satisfy his conscience, a lawyer to guide his judgment, a good
faluily to keep up his interest, and an UnivcJ..sity to preserve his
name."
Not long after the fall of his illustrious cousin our author would
appear to have withdrawn himself from public life, for he no longer
speaks familiarly of " lny Lord .1\layor," ., my Lord Chancellor," or
" n1Y lord great master," as if personally acquainted with the oHìcial

VI

INTRODUCTION.

personages, but simply as the Lord l\fayor, &c. In the second
part of this Chronicle occurs an entry, under the year L550,
recordin
the death of the ex-Lord Chancel1or. "l\/femorandum,
the 30th of July, Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord 'Vriothesley.
Earl of Southampton, and I{night of the Garter, and one of the
executors of ICing Henry VIII., departed out of this transitory life
at his place in Holborn called Lincoln's Place, about midnight; he
had been long sicke, and the 3rd of August in the forenoon he was
buried in St. Andrew's Church in Holborn at the right hand of the
high alter; 1\11'. Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, preaching at the
burial." "I had never seen," observes Koble,a "any other child of
'Villiam Wriothcsley mentioned than this Sir Thomas, Earl of
Southalupton, I{.G., until I read the will of that fortunate states-
1uan, 'where he notices his sisters Breten, Pounde, and La\vrence, to
each of whom he gives legacies," as he does likewise to other more
distant relations, including his cousin Charles, our author, to whom
he bequeathed 20l., a SUITI equal to about 250l. of our money.
The Chanc
llor left to succeed him a son Henry, the account of
whose christening is given by our author at page 154, "This year,
1545, on St. George's day, Sir Thomas "Vriothesley, Lord Chan-
celIoI', was made Knight of the Garter at St. James by West-
minster, and the Inorrowe, being St. l\larkes Even, he had a sonne
christned at St. Andrewes in Holborne with great solempnity, the
Ringes l\lajestie godfather, the ErIe of Essex [being] deputy for the
ICinge, the Duke of Suffolke the other godf::'lther, my Lady l\fary
(the Princess l\Iary) godmother at the christninge, and the Earle
of Arundell godfather at the bishopinge; the name Henry." This
young nobleman inherited the estates and title of Earl of South-
ampton in 1550. He was the first cousin, once removed, from our
author, but his religion and politics were of the opposite school,
so that the two SeelTI to have had but little intercomlTIunication.
Henry is well known to have been an intitnate friend of Thomas

" Hist. of Col1('
!:(' of Arms.

INT RODUCl'ION.

Vll

Duke of Xorfolk, and involved hilI1self in trouble by promoting
the contemplated marriage of that nobleman with Mary Queen of
Scots, "to whom and her religion," says Dugdale, " he stood not a
little affected."
The origin of the \Y riothesleys, like that of many other illustrious
families, is involved in obscurity. a All we can say for certain is,
that the COlnmon grandfather of our chronicler and of the first Earl
of Southampton was Sir John vYrythe, who at a very early age was
brought to the Court of Henry V., and was made by that sovereign
Antelope Pursuivant Extraordinary, afterwards Rouge-croix in Or-
dinary, and then Faucon Herald, which office he received from
Henry VI. He was appointed Norroy Jan. 25th, 1476, and created
on Candlemas day following by Edward IV., which lnonarch also,
upon the death of John Smert, gave him the place of Garter ICing
at Arms, July 16th, 1478, being the third who had enjoyed that
office. This preferment laid the foundation in his family of that
distinction which the vVrythes or vVriothesleys afterwards attained.
He had 40l. yearly settled upon hiln, payable out of the Petit
Custonls of London, and at the accession of I-Ienry VII. received a
douceur of 80l.. together with a tabard (or hel'ald's coat), in order
that he might be present at the coronation of that Inonarch. The
next year he was sent to the ICing of the Romans; in his third year
to Ireland; in the following one to Bretagne. In the sixth of this
reign he took the Order of the Garter to
Iaximilian 1., ICing of
the l
omans, afterwards Emperor of Gcrnlany, and in the ninth he
was sent ,vith the Garter to Charles VII!., ICing of France.

a Segar, in his 1\18. Baronagium, Part III., in the College of Arms, traces the
family up to A.D. 1214, as in the following table :--
Hobert 'V riothesley . -,- Lucie, daughter to Paltoll.
r---.-.--1
'Vm. 'Vriothesley, s. and h. -,- Nichola, d. to I>eter de }'ontaville.
I
'Vrn. Wriothesley, s. and h. -,- Agnes, d. to Robt. Giles.
r- -1
Sir John \Vriothesley,=Barhara, d. antI h. to J anuarius Dunstanville,
Garter. a desccndant of !iing Henry I.

Vlll

INTRODUCTION.

During the early part of the year 1504, only four years before
the birth of his grandson, the author of our Chronicle, he was buried
in the choir of St. Giles's Church without Cripplegate, London,
where he was laid in " a fair tOl11b," ,vith his effigies and epitaph in
brass inlaid. He l11ust have been a very old I11an at his death, as it
was more than sixty years from the time of his having been created
a Pursuivant. Having no paternal arms, he took Azure, a cross or,
between four falcons argent, in memory of his having been Falcon
Herald. He often varied his crest, if not his arlllS, says Noble,a
but he always made the former allusive to his office; his motto was
" Humble and Serviceable." In compliment to him, who had been
at the head of their incorporation, the Heralds' College have
adopted his arms as their own, changing the colours.
Ir. Dalla-
,vay, in his elegant work, has given a portrait of Sir John on
horseback, taken in 1511 froln a Tournal11ent Roll in the Heralds'
College. He is represented in a brown or sad-coloured robe, and
over it his tabard, with a verge or sceptre in his hand, and upon his
head is a cap, which, on account of his great age, he had obtained
licence to wear. He married thrice: first Barbara, daughter and
sole heir of John de Castlecomb, or, as he is by some called, Janua-
rius de Castlccomb alias Dunstanville, a lineal descendant of one of
the illegitinlate sons of Henry I., by which marriage he greatly
augmented his riches and honour, and had presented to him four
children, two sons and two daughters. The elder of these sons was
'Villiam, ,vho became York Herald, and father of Sir Thomas, Earl
of Southampton, ICG.; and the younger, Sir Thomas, who succeeded
his father as Garter, and ,vas the father of our chronicler.
Sir John's second wife ,vas Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Arnold,
Esq., by Agnes his second wife, and sister and sole heir of Richard
Arnold, Esq. She was buried in the choir of St. Giles's Church,
Cripplegate, and had this inscription upon her grave-stone:
" Elienor, ,vyff of John 'Vrythe, Esq. daughter of Thos. Arnold,

ft Nohle's College of Arms, p. 81.

INTRODUCTION.

IX

Esq." By her, Garter had three children, a son John, who died
young, and two daughters, Agnes, a nun at Sion, and Barbara,
Inarried to Anthony Hungerford, son of Sir Tholnas Hungerford
of Down Ampney in 'Vilts, knight. Sir John's third wife was
Ann l\Iynne, probably a relative of John l\Iynne, York Herald,
by wholn he had two children,
Iargaret, married to 1\11'. Vaughan,
and Isabel, Inarried to '\TilliaITI Gough, and secondly to John
Davers, Esq. of 'V orIning-hall, co. Bucks.
It is, however, ,vith Sir John's second ,vifè, Eleanor, that \VC are
chiefly interested; she ,vas, as ,ve are told by Noble,a the sister
and heir of Richard Arnold. Now Richard Arnold, according to
Hearne, ,vas the author of the Chronicle indifferently known as
"The Customes of London," ., The Chronicle of the City of London,"
and "Arnold's Chronicle," of which the earlier portion of the
present Chronicle, eln bracing the reign of IIenry VII. and the first
eleven years of Henry VIII., is little more than a paraphrase. This
is confirmatory of the supposition that the ,vriter ,vas Charles
'.Vriothesley. It is also remarkable that the name of Richard
Arnold's ,vife was Alice, and that our author's wife should also
have been Alice; but whether she were the same lady does not
appear. So far as the dates serve, it is quite possible that Charles
'V riothesley might have married his grandfather's second wife's
brother's vádow.
The only reference lnade by our author to his ,vife is at page 108,
where, speaking of the suppression of Barking Abbey, he writes,
'
this howse ,vith the demeanes ,vas geaven to Sir Thomas Denis,
knight, of Devonshire, and to his heil'es for. eaveI', .which Sir Thomas
Denis hath to wife my ladie l\Iurfren, sometyme wief to 1\11'. l\Iurfen,
late l\Iayor of London, and daughter to 1\11'. Angell Dunne, and
sometime nlistress to Alis my ,vife that now (1539) is ;" fron1 which
expression we Inight infer that Alice was his second wife, and not
the daughter of 1\11'. Mallory mentioned in the 1\1S. genealogy in

CAMD. HOC'.

a Nohle's College of Arms, p. 8R.
C

x

INTRODUCTION.

the College of Anns. It ,vould likewise appear that the writer ,vas
contelnporary with Thomas l\Iurfin or Murfen, whom he speaks of as
late Inayor. Now Thomas 1\1irfin was Lord l\Iayor in 1518, which
is t,vo years prior to the date
It ,vhich the second edition of
Arnold's Chronicle breaks off, and ten years subsequent to the birth
of our author. It does not appear that Charles \Vriothesley had
any children. He had 111any book
, which had probably been his
father's, but he kept them, says StO\V, "too long fron1 the sight of
the learned." At his death Sir'Villiarn Dethick, Garter, purchased
most of thein, including possibly the originall\fS. of this Chronicle,
but w.hich I have not been able to discover. The transcript from
,vhich our text is derived was probably Inade for the 'V riothesleys
Earls of Southampton} and CaIne, through the marriage of Elizabeth,
daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southalnp-
ton, with Josceline Percy, the eleventh and last Earl of Northul11-
berland of the male line of the Percies, into the possession of that
family. It is kno,vn to have belonged to George fifth Duke of
Northunlberland ,vhen Earl of Beverley, to whom it is supposed to
have cOlne from his grandmother the heiress of Alnwick and Syon,
and ,vas in his library in 11, PortInan Square; at the division of
whose books and library it fell to the share of its present owner.
The \Vriothesleys ,vould appear to have been a literary falnily,
or, besides their connection with Richard Arnold, the chronicler of
London, Stow tells us that Sir
Tohn 'Vryth (the grandf:'lther of our
chronicler), whom he rnisspeIls " Sir John Ryst," made a remark-
able note of the Chartæ Regiæ, or Royal Charters, granted to divers
abbeys and coIleges, ,vhich he gathered together in a book by com-
mandment at the suppression of the Inonasteries, which book
he left, with divers such like Inonuments, to his heirs. His son Sir
Thomas, who likewise filled the office of Garter, is recorded by
Koble a to have also wTitten and collected many 1\lSS., chicfly bearing
on his official eInployment. The orthography of his name appears
to have given hiln Inuch perplexity, for he continually varied his
a Noble's College of Arms, p. 109.

INTRODUCTION.

Xl

signature, at times writing hilTIself Thon1as "T r. of Crick [lade],
from his place of abode, at other ti'Iles \\Trye "T aIling ford and
"Tryst "T" allingford, the suffix being borrowed fi'OlTI his office of
"T aIling ford Pursuivant, ,vhich he held under .Arthur Prince of
"Tales; and subsequently he signed himself 'V reseley, '.Vl'ithesley,
and 'Y riothesley , altnost indifferently. a Q,ueen I{a tharine Parr,
,vriting to a lady of his falnily, spells the name 'Yreseley, but the
Earls of Southampton adopted the spelling of "r riothesley. Upon
his elevation to the office of Garter, Sir Thomas caIne to reside in
London, and built for hiinself a fair house without the postern of
Cripplegate. Stow, in his "Survey," gives the following very in-
teresting description of the site of the fainily mansion :-" In Red
Cross Street, on the west side from St. Giles's churchyard up to the
cross, there be many fair houses built outward, with divers alIeys
turning into a large plot of ground, called the Jews' Garden, as
being the only place appointed thein in England wherein to bury
their dead, till the year 1177, the 24th of Henry II. that it ,vas
perlnitted to them, after long suit to the ICing and Parliament at
Oxford, to have a special place aSBigned them in evelY quarter where
they dwelt. This plot of ground relnained to the said Jews till the
tilne of their final banishment out of England, and is now turned
into fair garden plots and sumlner-houses for pleasure. And on the
west side of the Red Cross is a street called the Earbican, because
sOlnetilne there stood, on the north side thereof, a burgh-kenin, or
watch-tower, of the City, called in some language (or dialect) a
barbican, as a bikening is called a beacon. b This burgh-keuning,
by the name of the l\Ianor of Base-Court, ,vas given by Edward III.

a At the accession of Henry VIII. he obtained, October 9, 1509, a new patent, in
which he is designated Thomas \\
riothesley alias 'Vrithe late eaned'Vallillgford,
son of John 'Vriothesley alias 'Vrithe late called Gartier. See Hot. Pat. 1 Hen.
VIII. Part. 2, m. 1 G.
b The derivation of llarbicall is evidently from the h, 0 Anglo-Saxon words
., burh," n city, and "heacen" or ., hecun," a hearon, signifying the City "H1Ü.h-
tower.

XlI

INTRODUCTION.

to Robert U flord E
rl of Suffolk, and was lately appertaining to
Peregrine Bertie, Lord 'Yilloughby of Eresby.
" Next adjoining to this is one great house, called Garter House,
sornetime built by Sir Thomas vVrithe or \Yrithesley, knt., alias
Garter Principal I(ing of Arms, second son of Sir John 'Yrithe,
knt., alias Garter, and ,vas uncle to Thoinas the first Earl of South-
ampton, J{night of the Garter and Chancellor of England; he built
this house, and in the top thereof a chapel, which he dedicated by
the name (\f St. Trinitatis in Alto." It was probably in this
house that our author was born, and after he became vYindsor
Herald he continued to reside in the same parish, for in a Valuation
Roll a made in the 24.th year of Henry VIII. occurs a list of the
resiùents of this parish, amongst whom figures conspicuously Charles
'Vriothesley as a gentlelnan valued in lands and fees at 38l. 6s. 8d.,
and in goods 40l.? a handsome income in those tilnes, while his
father Sir Tholnas, then Garter, is valued at only 40l. in fees.
Another member of the College of Arms, K orroy, was likewiEe a
householder in this parish, being valued at 40l. in goods and 20l.
fees; and curiously we find J oh11 .1\.1 urfyn, probably a relative of the
late Lord
layor, valued at 20l., thus showing that the l\Iurfyns,
at whose house our author met with his ,vife Alice, 'vere neighbours
of the 'Y riothesleys.
Our author may therefore be said to have pas
ed his life in the
Inidst of that part of London which
as the heart of its ancient
traffic. Here ,vas the Chepe or great City n1arket, which he lnust
have traversed alnlost daily on his way froin his private residence to
his office at the College of Arms, and in his way too was the famous
Paul's Cross, at which the fathers of the Refoflnation deli\'ered their
fervid harrangues to wondering audiences so often alluded to in his
narrative of the events of those stirring times. At page 80 he in-
forms us that he ,vas present in Smithfield at the martyrdonl of Friar

n This li8t is preserved in the Public Record Office, and is described in CB.lendar
of State PRp('r
, Henry VIII. vol. iii. part. ii. No. 2486.

INTRODUCTION.

XUl

.Forrest, when he estimated the by-standel's at above ten thousand
persons; and in another place (see p. 126) he describes the surprise of
the people on hearing the tidings of the execution of the Lord Da(
res,
wholn they supposed ,vould be pardoned. On the north side of the
Chepe, or Cheapside as it has since been designated, and in the direct
line from our author's house to the cathedral or church of St. Paul,
the goldsmiths had their line of shops, called Gol
smiths' Ro\v,
where they exhibited their attractive display in vie,v of the ,vor-
shippers proceeding to the cathedral church, just as such a ro,v has
existed down to our own day near K ôtre Dame at Paris, and in the
approaches to other great continental churches. Then, in the ilTIlne-
diate neighbourhood of his house was the ancient church of St.
Giles, in which, as Sto,v tells us, of olel tilne was a fraternity or
brotherhood of our Blessed Lady or Corpus Christi and St. Giles,
founded by John Belancer, in the 35th year of Ed,vard III. The
destruction of the interior of this church by fire in 1545 is narrated
by our chronicler at page 16l.
" The 12th day of September (in the 37th year of I\:ing Henry
VII!.), about four of the clock in the morning, the church of St.
Giles without Cripplegj.1te was espied on fire, which church, with
the steeple and bells, ,vas clean burned before seven of the clock in
the sarne morning, the stone ,valls only saved, which could not
burn; by ,vhat Ineans no man could tell." This 111cntion of the
destruction of one of the City churches ,vould have been very
unlikely to have been made by a g
neral historian not interested in
the locality; but is very natural as c0111ing frolTI the pen of an old
parishioner, especially of one so intirnately concerned in the fate of
the sacred edifice as was Charles vVriothesley, whose father and
grandfather ,vere buried there.
After this conflagration the church of Saint Giles ,vas almost
ilnmediatcly restored, being, as Sto,v tells us in his Survey of
London, "a very fair and large church, lately repaired, after that
the SaIne ,vas burnt in the 37th Henry VIII. by which Inischance
the monUlnents of the dead in this church are very few;" notwith-

XIV

INTRODU CTION.

standing, says he, "I have read of these following :-Sir John
'Vrith alias \Vrithesley
Garter J{ing-at-Arms; Joan, wife to
Thomas 'Vrithesley, Garter, daughter and heir to '\Villiam Hal,
E
q.; John 'Vrithesley, the younger, son to Sir John 'Vrithesley
and AlianoI'; Alianor, sccond wife to John "Trithesley, daughter
and heir to ThoInas Arnold, being sister and heir to Richard
Arnold, Esq.; John, her son and heir; and l\largaret with her
daughter." Besides these InonUlnents of the W riothesleys, StO\V
enumerates about a dozen others, including that of Thomas I-Ianley,
Clarencieux J{ing at Arms, and several erected subsequent to the
fire, as that "of the learned John Foxe, 'writer of the Acts and
l\Ionuments of the English Church, 1587, and that of the 8kilful
Robert Glover, Sornerset Herald, 1588."
Some time after his father's death Charles "T riothesley removed
froln Saint Giles's into the neigh bouring parish of Saint Sepulchre's,
where he died in the house of the distinguished historian and anti-
quary Camden, as we learn from his funeral certificate, ,vhich, by
the courtesy of ßIr. Tucker, Rouge-Croix pursuivant, I am here
enabled to insert:-

Charles Wryothesley, Esqr. aI's "\V yndsor Herauld of Arnles, departed
in his lodging at Canlden's howse, in the paryshe of Sepulchres in London,
on Sonday the 25th of Januarye 1561, Ao 4 Eliz. Reginæ, about vi. of
the clocke in the nlorning, and was buryed on the Tuesday nlornyng
next after in the myddle Isle of the Chnrche there, as followeth:
It'm the sayd corpse being cov'ed with a pawle of black velvett
garnyshed with scocheons of his owne armes and hys wyfe, and all alonge
the corpse lay above the pawle a ryche cote of the Quenes
Ia'ties Armes,
which corpse was carryed by 4 poore men in gowns.
And at eche corner went a pursuyvant of Armes in mornyng gowns
and hodes wcerynge the Quenes cotes of Annes. Then next after fol-
lowed SOJllersett herauld as fiorner in a gowne and a hoode. 'Then after
theym followed Garter, Clarenceaux, Chester
York, Richmond, and
Lancaster and Rose, not in theyre mornyng habytt, for which buryall
the offyce of Armes sawe all things payd and c1yscharged.

I
TRODUCTION.

xv

So far as I can gather from his writing, our Chronicler was opposed
in principle to the usurpations of the Papacy, and went ,vith " our
Sovereign and Emperor" Henry VIII. in his endeavours to found
a Kational Church, and even looked with cOlnplacency on the
complete separation froIn ROlne and the abolition of all supersti-
tious images; but on the accession of Ed ward V I. the reforming
zeal of the Protestant lllovement rather scandalized hiIn, as it
threatened to s,vecp av;ay all that was venerahle in the outward
ceremonies of religion. It ,vas consequently with a friendly eye
he viewed the prospect of a return to the ancient tpégime on the
accession of Queen .l\Iary, as did probably the great bulk of the
nation, until her bigotry and cruelty alienated the affections of
her subjects, and drove our author, with l11allY other literary men,
to seek safety in seclusion; hence the la
t portion of this Chronicle
,vill not be found so valuable as the middle portion, containing
c01l1paratively fe,ver particulars not to be gleaned fronl other
sources.
The cOlnparative inferiority of the earlier portion of this Chronicle
in comparison with the n1Ïddle is easily accounted for by the youth
of the writer, who ,vas not born till the last year of the reign of
Henry VII., and had therefore to derive his earlier information
from the experience of others. He consequently adopted the last
portion of A.rnold's Chronicle as the COlnmenCCn1.ent of his history
with Lut slight variations, and ,vas not at the pains to correct
several obvious blunders in his relative's narrative. As it is only
the reign of IIenry VII. and the first eleven years of Henry VIII.
that our author has embodied in his history, it is not requisite here
to enter upon an exhaustive analysis of the sources from which
" The Custolnes of London" are derived; but in pa
sing I 111ay
observe, that an ancient l\I8 Chronicle of London, preserved in the
College of Arms, distinguished as 1\18. Arundel XIX., and another
similar Chronicle in the British l\Iusculn alllong the Cotton. l\lSS.
marked Julius B. I., seern to have furnished Arnold with the chief
portion of his information anterior to his o,vn tin1e.

XVI

Ir\TRODTJCTJON.

After the eleventh year of IIenry VIII. our author ,vould appear
to have chiefly depended upon his o,vn observation, and to have
11lade but little use of the \vritings of others, and this renders his
history of the greater value as an independent authority. As this
point is of the utlnost ilnportance in estill1ating the conlparative
value of the present publication, I will lay before the reader a fe,v
passages, selected out of a great Inany similar ones, which place it
beyond a doubt that our author ,vas contC1nporary ,vith the events
he describes :-

Page 53.-This young Lord Henry Fitz-Roy was maried to the Duke
of N orfolkes daughter nmned Ladie
farie, and her mother was daughter
to the last Duke of Buckhinghame, but the said yonge Duke had neaver
layne by his wife, and so she is maide, wife, and now a widow. I praie
God send her now good fortune.
Page 64.-Alsoe, the 27th daye of 1\Iaye 1537, being Trynytie
Sondaye, there was Te Deum sounge in Powles for joye of the Queenes
quickninge of childe, my Lord Chaunseler, Lord Privaye Seale, with
diverse other Lordes and Bishopps, beinge then present; the l\1ayre
and ....\.1ùermen with the beste craftes of the cyttye beinge there in their
lyveryes, all gevinge lauc1e and prayse to God for joye of the same, wher
the Bishopp of 'V orcester, called Docter Latyrner, made an oration afore
all the Lordes and Comlnons, after Te Deuln was songe, shewinge the
cause of their assenlblye, which oration was mervelonse fruitefull to the
hearers; and alsop the same night was diverse greate fyers lllade in
London, and a hogeshead of WYlle at everye fyer for poore people to
drinke as longe as Jt woulde laste; I praye J esue, and it be his win,
send us a Prince.
Page 84.-This yere (1538), the 19th day of August, beinge 1\[onday,

Ir. John Audley departed out of this world at mydnight.at his place
of Hodnill, in 'Varwyckeshire, which sayd 1\11': AucUey was husband
to the Duches of BuckinghaIll, departeù, and after was marryed to
}'laister Spencers wyfe of 'Varwickshire, which remayned nowe his
wydowe.
Page 85.-This yere (1538), the first daye of September, beinge
Sondaye, at Clerkel1well, where the wrestlinge is kept, after th('

INTRODUCTION.

XVll

wrestlinge was ùone, there was hangeù on a payre of gallowes, newe
made, in the san18 place, the hangman of London [one CratwellJ and
two n10re for robbinge a bouth in Bartlemewe fayre, which sayd hangn1an
had done execution in London since the Holy
Iayde of K.cnt was hanged,
and was a conninge butcher in quarteringe of rne11.
Page 100.-The Parliament hegunne in ..c\prill last past (1539) brake
up the 28th daye of June, and was rejourned till the morrowe after All
Soules daye next conlminge.
Page 119.-This yeare (15--10), the eight daie of
Iaie,
lr. Richard
Farmar, grocer, of London, a luan of great londes and substance, was
arraigned in the l{inges Bench at \Vestn1ester for misprisOlunente of
certaine seditious wordes spoken by him against the l{inges
Iajestie,
wherfore he was that daie condempned to perpetuall prison, and all his
landes and goodes forfett 10 the King, which was great pitie that he
used himself so, for he was a gentle person and wel beloved in the cittie,
and had kept a great howse in the cittie, and had married his children to
great nlariages.
Page 11a.-This yeare (1540), in the beginning of Julie, the I{ing
was divorced from his wife Queene Anne, daughter to the Duke of
Cleve, because she was contracted to a Duke in her [own] countrey
before she CaIne into England, and Sir ThOlnas Crumwell, Earle of Essex,
had kept it sccrett from the I{inge, which was great pitie that so good a
ladie as she is should so sone [have] lost her great joy; neverthcles the
King hath gea\en her fower thousande poundes by the yeare with fower
goodlie manners in England to keepe her estate during her lief, and she
is purpose(l to remaine still in this lande.
The account of this Queen's first interview ,vith Ilenry VIII. after
her landing in England is lllore circumstantial, and differs rnaterially
fi'OlTI the ordinary reeeiveù narratives. (See page 109.)
Having, as I hope, adduced satisfactory proof that this Chronicle
is synchronous with the events describcd, it is proper that I should
call the attention of the reader to the rCl11arkable CirCIUTIstance that
at folio 598 of the :\1S. occurs a direct reference to Stow's Annales,
which, if made by thc original compiler of the Chronicle, ,vould
scatter such evidence to the winds. The edition of the Annales to

CAl\II>. soc.

d

"VllI

INTHODUCTIû.."'oi .

which reference is Inade was not published till 1592, and is no,v
exeeedingly scarce. .1\. copy, however, exists in the Archiepis-
copal Library at Lam beth, and has been kindly referred to for
TI1C by the librarian. The next edition of Stow was that in 1631,
edited by Edlllund Ho,ves. It will be readily perceived, therefore,
that this reference fixes the date of our 1\1 S. to the close of the
sixteenth or conl1nenccrnent of the seventeenth centuries, which
corresponds well with the handwriting and spelling of the l\1S., but
renders it extremely improbable that the ,vriter of the note in
question was the author of the Chronicle. The ,vords of the note
are "the rest is at large
et downe in :nIr. Stowe's Annales of
England, p. 1067." This note is in the saB1e handwriting as the
text, and lllUSt. consequently be Teferred to the transcriber, ,vho, as
he neared the conclusion of his task, was anxious to save tillle and
space.
It is like,vise observable that Sto,v, in the list of authors Inade
use of by hin1 in his 1565 edition of the " SUlnn1aries of English
Chronicles," places Arnold's Chronicles first, and speaks of then1 in
the plural number, as if n10re than one ,vere known to hilTI; it is
possible that he may have considered this Chronicle a continuation of
Arnold. This also ,vould explain the mistake made by the learned
compiler of the catalogue of Lord Oxford's printed books, who
mentions a third edition of Arnold, ,vhereas it is well known that
only two editions of Arnold's Chronicle were published-the first
in 1502 and the second about 1521-until a comparatively recent
period, ,vhen 1\11'. F. Douce brought out his third edition in 1811.
It would be tedious to go through an analytical comparison of the
many points of agreelnent mo
e or less close to be met ,vith in the
reigns of Henry VIII. and his successors wherein this Chronicle
coincides with the narratives of llaU, Grafton, Ho1inshed, and
Stow, Inore particularly the two last, who, although posterior,
nevertheless enjoyed the friendship of the same persons with whonl
\V riothesley ,vas acquainted. Thus ,ve find that Raphael Holin-
shed's intilllate friend and assistant in the compilation of his

INTRODUCTION.

XIX

Chronicle was Francis Thynne, Lancaster Herald, ,vho, being a
Inember of the College of Anns, would have ready access to the
saIne sources of information as 'Vriothesley, ,vho was \Yindsor
Herald, if not the use of this very Chronicle. In like n1anner in
Harleian 1\lSS. Cod. 543, ,vhich is a collection by Stow of histo-
rical Inaterials, at fo1. 119 occurs the entry " Notes taken out of a
book borro,ved of 1\11'. York Herald." In criticising the respective
value of these authorities Hallam a observes that Hall, who vV'rote
under Edward VI., is our best ,vitness for the events of Henry's
reign, Grafton being so literally a copyist frorn hin1 as scarcely to
be regarded, ,,,,hile Holinshed, though valuable, is later than -IIall,
and Stow latcr still. We should here notice that the present
Chronicle was nnkno,vn to Hallam, and is prior to Hall.
. The chief rivalry appears to have been between Holinshed and StO\V,
who both published their histories silnultaneously. Thus ,ve read in
StO\V'S edition of his" Annales," published in 1605, that his" larger
volume and historie of this iland," ,vhich he had" made readie for
the pre sse " at the instigation and under the patronage of Arch-
bishop Parker, was prevented from seeing the light, "by the printing
and reprinting, without .warrant or ,yell liking, of Raigne '.V olfe's
Collection and othcr late COlnlners, Ly the name of Raphaell Holin-
shed his Chronicle." The manuscript of this last-mentioned work of
Stow, which the author describes as "orderly written," is not known
to be now in existence, and at first sight I h3.d SOlne doubt whether
the present chronicle n1ight not have f
)flned a portion of the lnissing
work; but a closer investigation and comparison of the hiftory with
Stow's known \vorks entirely dispelled such notion, and led to the
identification of the author as Charles \Vriothesley. It has been
suO'O'ested that the Look entitled" The Succession of the I-listor y of
bb
England," by John Stow, folio, 1638, of which a de
cription will
be f()und in Lonndes's " Bibliographer's l\Ianual," was a portion of
Stow's n1Ï
sing ,york, and this very probably Inay be the case; but

d l'onsl. IJ i
t. ed. 1
7 J, 1'. 28, nute
.

xx

INTRODUCTION.

certainly the present Chronicle cannot be referred to the saIne source,
notwithstanding the close silnilarity of expression in certain passages:
e.g., " It ,vas, saith mine author, a pitiful thing to hear the lamen-
tation that the people in the country made for theIn," lneaning the
lesser Inonastic houses. :K o\V this passage, which is quoted frorn
the 1631 edition of the "Annales," is ahnost identical with the
,vords of our Chronicle (see page 43):-" It was pitie the great
lamentation that the poore people made for them (the lesser lnonastic
houses), for there ,vas great hospitalitie kept mnonge theiln."
The nUlnerous variations made by Stow in his several editions of
the '$ Annales" renders such COIn parison the more difficult, and in
SOlne instances even impossible, fron1 the disappearance of one of these
editions, viz. the first, ,vhich, according to \Vatt's " Bibliotheca,"
,vas published in 1573, in 12mo.; and the second, which carne out
in 1580, is not called by that name; while the third, viz. that of
1592, is only to be found in the Lmnbeth Library, and has been
kindly referred to for lne by
Ir. I{ershaw. The other two editions
appeareq. in 1601 and 1605 respectively, but the last is ahnost iden-
tical with that of 1601, having only one sheet reprinted and a sup-
pleo1ent added, continuing the history down to the 26th of l\Iarch,
1605, being only ten days prior to the author's death. The circum-
stance of the author of our Chronicle d\velling ,vi thin a stone's-thro,v
of John Stow at the time they ,vere both engaged in writing their
respective stories is another reason of their accord in the narration
of minute particulars relative to the City. \Vhile the fonner resided
in the parish of St. Giles-without-Cripplegate, near Red Cross Street,
the latter was dwelling near the well within Aldgate, as we learn
froln Stow's narrative of the events of the year 1549, w.hen he tells
us how the bailiff of ROlnford suffered the penalty of the law in
that precinct, "being executed upon the pavement of lny door
where I then kept house." Stow afterwards rmnoved to Lime Street
'Vard, where he continued to reside until his death in .April1605.
Our author removed to the house ùf Camden, in the parish of St.
Sepulchre, where he died in 1561, as we have before seen. It

INTRODUCTION.

XXI

,vill be observed that Stow, although contemporary, was SOIne-
,vhat later in time, h
ving been born in 1525, while our chronicler
,vas born in 1508; consequently, while our Chronicler is contempo-
raneous, StO\V had to borro\v the facts of the earlier portion of the
Tudor period, including the ,vhole of the reign of Henry 'TILl.,
fi'OIl1 pre-existing sources, of ,vhich he would appear to lnake no
secret, by the frequent occurrence of such expressions as "so saith
n1Ïne author," " according to Iny record," &c. lIe however seldoln
limlled his authority: this leaves us in doubt whether he or his
continuator and editor Edn1und Howes had access to the present
Chronicle. I alll inclined to think Stow never saw it, but that
Thynne and llowes did, and the latter Inade use of it for his edition
of Sto'w's ,. ..Annales," on which, as he tells us, ., he bestowed thirty
years labour," i.e. in bringing the edition of 1631 "into that good
order and Inethod in which we now see it." Upon this assertion
Bishop Kicholson, in his " Historical Libraries," facetiously observed
"that IIowes Il1Ust indeed have been very unfortunate if, after all
this pains, he be justly liable to the sharp sentence Fuller has passed
upon hiln, , that he is as far short of .
\lr. Stow in goodness, as our
age is of the integrity and charity of those that ,vent before it.'"
flow it chanced that the transcriber of Lord Henry Percy'8 .ßlS.
CaIne to refer to the 1592 edition of Sto'w's "Annales" Inay possibly
be eXplained on the supposition that this was the transcript lnade
by Howes, \vho, kno,ving that the incident of the Russian ambas-
sador's shipwreck was lTIOre circumstantially narrated by Stow than
in this Chronicle, would naturally abbreviate the passage, and Illake
a reference to the edition of that book then lying before hiln.
Further evidence that the reference to Stow's Annales of 1592
'was Illade by the transcriber and not by the writer of the Chronicle,
is furnished by the attelnpt made by the saIne person to talnper
with the date of the death of Queen Jane, so as to make it coincide
with that erroneously given to that event by StO\V, Grafton, Hall,
God\vin, and most other ancient historians. No\v this event, as
proved by an original letter of Sir tT ohn Russell to Crull1well, still

XXll

INTRODUCTION.

extant in the Public Record Office, took place on the 24th Oct.
1537, and not on the 14th, as stated by Stow and others, making
the Queen's death to have taken place t\velve days after the birth of
the infant prince Edward, instead of ahnost ilnmediately, on ,vhieh
error ,vas based the story of that prince having been brought into
the world by the Cæsarcan operation. Our chronicler correctly
states (sce p. 66), that the infant prince was born '
on Friday,
being the Eve of St. Ed\vard the Confessor, at two of the clock
in the lnorning, at Hampton Court beside l{ingston, and the
same day at eight o'clock in the Inorning Te Ðeuln was sung in
every parish church throughout London" After n1entloning the
birth on the 12th Oct. our Chronicler proceeds at page 67 to describe
his christening on the 15th, and then on Thursday the 18th, being
St. Luke's day, the proclalnation of the young Prince at Court as
heir to I\:ing Henry 'TIll., ",vith the title of Prince of 'Vales,
Duke of Corn,vall, and Earl of Chester ;" followed on the 19th (see
page 69) by a solemn procession through LonJon, "which was
done for the prescrvation and \velfare of the Prince and the health
of the Queen;" so that the Queen, according to our author, was
then living. After this in the position of the 24th, nlthough
.
'written the 14th, occurs the passa
e recording the Queen's death:
" This yeare, the 14th of October, beinge Wednesday, Queene Jane
deptU'ted this lyfe, lyeinge in childe bedd, about 2 of the clocke in
the morninge." Ko\v the l..tth was Sunday, and could not there-
fore have been the date intended by the original writer of the
Chronicle, \vho ,vas lTIOst scrupulously exact in making the day of
the week and month correspond; whereas the 24th would hav

fallen upon 'V ednesday
clearly proving that that ,vas the date
originally \vritten, but that it had been altered by the copyist into
the 14th to n1ake it agree with Sto,v.
Although Stow has so largely forestalled the infonnation contained
in this volume, his narrative being in some parts even rnore cirCUln-
stantial than our author's, that at first sight the latter appears to
possess but little of novelty, and eonsequently to be of n1Înor import..

INTROl)üCTION.

XXlll

ance to the historian, who \vas already in possession of the facts;
yet on a closer inspection it will be found almost as valuable for
what it omits as for \vhat it adds. In the instance of Anne Boleyn's
disgrace and execution this cOl11parison of authorities leads to SOine
ne\v and ilnportant results. It is observable that no mention is
111ade in this Chronicle of the oft-repeated tale of the I\:ing's sudden
fit of jealousy conceived whilst \vitnessing the jousting at Green-
wich. The fact of the jousts having taken place on the 1st of l\lay
1536 is accurately stated, "in \vhich George Boleyn Viscount
Rochford acted as chief challenger, and I-Ienry Norris as principal
defendant;" but no mention is made of the ICing's jealousy.
StO\", however, adds, "from these jousts ICing Henry suddenly
departed to 'Vestminster, having only ,vith hin} six persons; of
,vhich sudden departure many Inen Inarvailed;" and Sanders
furnishes the additional inforJnation " that, the Queen dropping her
handkerchief, one of her gallants took it up and \viped his flce with
it." On the other hand, Burnet, \vho was at IDuch pains to learn
all he could respecting this affair, observes, that " this circumstance
is not spoken of by Spehnan, a judge at that time, who \V1'ote an
account of the whole transaction with his own hand in his cOJnmon..
place book."
Anne Boleyn, it ,vill be remelnberec1, w"as at this tilDe in no great
favour with the ICing, and, as we shaH presently sho\v, the prelimi-
nary investigation as to the correctness of her conduct had already
been initiated. Indeed, ever since the death of the ex-queen I{atha-
rine, in January 1535-6, she had been the object of detest.ation to
a po.werful political party, which opposed the spread of the Reforma-
tion doctrines, and .which sought to renew the alliance of England
with Germany in opposition to France. IIer usual ùesignation .with
the German Alnbassador and other leaders of this party ,vas" the
concubine," a und now that the great obstacle to the 111utual friend-
ship of the ]{ing with his nephew the Emperor Charles 'T. was

a
ee Chapuyl'o Corre
pond{'nce, printed in ] 870 by Froud(' in his Histor}", vo1. ii.
A ppC'1lflix.

XXIV

INTRO DUCTION.

removed by the death of Queen l{atharine, it became a political
necesÛty ,,'ith this party that Anne Boleyn should be expelled from
court. The l\:ing had not made up hi:::; mind how he intended to
act, being favonrably disposed towards the Gennan allia.nce, but
resolved never again to submit to the Papal interference in his
dOluinions, and, as the Queen w'as enceinte, he naturally 'vas in hopes
of a lnale heir, which luight possibly have set all things right. At
this juncture Bishop Stokesley, of London, being asked by one of
Anne's political adversaries ho'w he ought to act, the Bishop
ans\vered warily, that he would give his opinion to no one but the
l\:ing, nor to the l{ing hinlse1f until he had discovered which way
his l\Iajesty's inclinations lay. Verily, 'writes Chapuys, "the
Bishop would not risk the effects of .l\.nne's displeasure if there
were a chance of her remaining in favour." Crurl1'well's plan ,vas
to bring about a reconciliation ,vith the Pope and so procure a
nullification of the l\:ing's nlarriage with Anne Boleyn; but the
l\:ing would not listen to any proposition ,vhich involved a subn1Ìs-
sian to Papal jurisdiction, so that some other course had to be
devised. Had Aiule's a("coucheulent terminated propitiously in the
birth of a son, it is possible that the l\:ing's affections lnight have
been retained and an effectual opposition offered to the proposed
alliance with the Emperor. The Queen, however, \vas prelnaturely
delivered of a still-born male child, and, as this ,vas the second time
she had disappointed the J{ing's hopes, his vexation knc\v no bounds.
He seems to have attributed this miscarriage to her levity of con-
duct; she referred it to the shock which her systeln received on
sèeing the l{ing thro,vn from his horse at the jousts. .A.t which
accident, ,vrites our chronicler (see p. 33), " she tooke such a fright
withall that it caused her to fall in travaile, and so was delivered
afore her full tyme, 'which was a great discomfort to all this reahne."
O
r chronicler might have added, "and the signal of her ruin;" for
Henry was so passionately bent on having a male heir to succeed
him on the throne, that he cvidently had determined to set aside
one wife after another until this object were attained.

INTRODUCTION.

xxv

In the Journals of the Lords we have preserved to us the royal
speech read by Lord Chancellor Audley on the 8th of June, 1536,
at the opening of the Parliament whieh ,vas called to ratify the
condelnnation of Queen Anne and the I\:ing's 111arriage ,,,ith Jane
Seyn10ur. In that remarkable doculnent the I\.:ing laments his hard
fate, that, after having been so disappointed in his first two Inar-
riages, he should be obliged, for the welfare of the nation, to enter
upon a third, "a personal sacrifice not required of any ordinary
Inan."a And, stranger still as it lnay semn, the Parlialnent re-echoed
the I\.:ing's .words, thanking his l\lajesty for his self-devotion, and
the care he had for securing an undisputed succession. At any
other period such language would have been incolnprehensible; but
when we call to Inind that scarcely half a century separated those
tilnes from the Civil Wars of the Roses we can fonn sorne slight
conception of the objections to a felnale succession, whieh might on
any pretext be set aside by any ambitious clailnant ,vho had the
audacity and power to appeal to afl'!ls. Sueh clailnant actually
existed in the person of J arnes ,r. of Scotland, who caine next in
succession after the children of Henry V III., being the heir of l\Iar-
garet, eldest daughter of Henry VII., and consequently nephew of
the I{ing.
Disappointed and annoyed in his dOlnestic relations, the I\.:ing's
health began to t:'l.il, and, rightly or ,vrongly, he became suspiciou
.
His fears ,vere further aroused by the report of his physician, who
had been sent to investigate the cause of ùeath of the late Queen
Katharine. The physician at first stated that she had died a natural
death, but, being required to make a fuller report, after a post
mortem eXaInination he returned answer that. there could be no
doubt as to the cause of her death, her heart being black. h This

a "Quem vel mediocris conditionis virum non deterrerent hæc a tertio matrimonio,
cum in primo graves sumptus et animi mole
tias, in secundo autem maxima pet'icula,
quæ illi, durante toto illo tempore, imminebant, in memoria repetatur."-JournaJs
of the Lords, vol. i. p. 84.
b See Chapuys Correspondence, Fronde, vo1. ii. A ppC'ud.
CA:\ID. soc. e

XXVI

INTRODUCTION.

presumed elnployment of slow poison to bring about l{atharine's
death was at once popularly referred to the Inalign machinations
of " the concubine" and her brother Lord Rochford, whose known
anin10sity to the late Queen and her daughter the Princess
Jary had
been but too plainly exhibited in their abortive atten1pts to bring
their rivals ,vithin the grasp of the ne\v Act of Suprelnacy, and it
was not entirely without cause that fears 'vere expressed by the
Gerlnan alnbassador for the personal safety of the Princess l\Iary,
,vho was urged to 111ake her timely escape to the continent. Al-
though there is no evidence of any attmnpt having been actually
n1ade against the life of that princess, there can be little doubt that
Anne and her supporters ,vould have regarded with satisfaction any
event which might have removed the Princess l\Iary out of the way,
and thus left the question of the succession clear for the Princess
Elizabeth, who was regarded as the hope of the Reforlnation. It
,vould not be fair to attribute all the ill effects of these Court
jealousies to one party only; for, while on the one side Anne Boleyn
had made use of her influence \vith the l\:ing to oppose the interests
of JCatharine, and is said to have had the bad taste to show her
satisfaction on hearing of that Queen's death" by wearing yellow
for mourning," l\:atharine, on the other hand, had never
eased to
plot and agitate for the dislnissal of "the concubine" froln Court,
and had roused half the nobility of the kingdo1l1 to side ,vith her in
trying to persuade her nephew, the Elnperor Charles V., to send an
expedition to England to effect this object. IIenry ,vas no doubt
aware of these Inachinations, but he lightly regarded thenl, cor-
rectly concluding that if left alone they would come to nothing, as
his nephe,v the Emperor was not likely to encourage rebellion under
any pretext.
It is scarcely necessary to say that there is no positive evidence
of the emploYlnent of poison by Anne, neither is it probable that
she should have resorted to such nleans to gratify her jealousy.
It is luuch more probable that the physician's report \vas based on
insufficient or defective analysis, or that he was prejudiced by the
powerful political influence brought to bear on hilu. 'fhese suspi-

INTRODUCTION.

XXVll

cions, ho,vever, whether groundless or well founded, were not
confined to the l{ing, or to the individual case of Queen I{atharine.
Just at this time the Duke of Richmond, the Iring's bastard son by
Elizabeth Blount, began to show symptons of decline, and his malady
\vas likc\vise attributed to the administration of ::;lo\v poison by his
stepmother Anne, 'whom he ,vas not long after to follow to the grave.
In narrating the circumstances of his decease, which occurred on
the 22nd July, about six \veeks after the execution of Anne, our
chronicler
ays (p. 53), " It ,vas thought that he ,vas privelie poysoned
by the n1eanes of Queene Anne and her brother Lord Rotehford, for
he pined in\vardlie in his bodie long before he died. God knoweth
the truth thereof." 'Vith these suspicions rife in the public mind,
\ve may conclude that a supposed plot against the life of the Iring
and his children, as set forth in the indicttnent, was the real ground
of the proceedings taken against Anne and her intimate associates,
and that the charges of adultery and incest ,vere additional counts
to support the treason, and to account for Anne's supposed object in
,vishing to get rid of the l{ing, in order that she might marry SOlne
one of the pretended accomplices. (See Appendix, p. 195.)
This view is borne out by the wording of the indicttnent, which,
after setting out the several charges of adultery, ,vhich are repre-
sented as having been cOlnlnitteù at \Vestlninster, Hampton Court,
and Elthaln, on days ,vhen the }{ing ,vas absent (see Appendix,
p. 191, et seq.), goes on to specify, " that the Queen and other the
said traitors jointly and severally, 31 Oct. 27 I
en. 8, and at various
tilnes before and after, compassed and ilnagined the .King's death,
and that the Queen had frequently pron1Ïsed to marry some one of
the traitors whenever the l{ing should depart this life, affirn1Ïng
she could never love the }(ing in her heart."
" FurtheflTIOre, that the I\:ing, having COlne to the knowledge of
and lneditating upon the false and detestable crilnes, vices, and
treasons comrr1Ítted against hin1 within a short tillle no,v passed, had
conceived and taken to h('art a sorrow and sadness by reason of the
coldness of his Queen to,vards hirn, and her adulterous conduct, so
that many injuries, evils, and perils have accrued and supervened
therefrom to his royal body." (See Appendix, pp. 1 H6, 219.)

XXVlll

INT RODUCT ION.

The fact that the disorder of which the Iring ultimately died-
ulceration of the legs-had already begun to sho\v itself is not gene-
rally kno\vn, but such was undoubtedly the case, as \ve learn from a
confidential letter of the Iring to the Earl of Surrey, written in
1537, or nearly ten years before his death, eXplaining the reasons
for which he could not Inake a progre:3s into the North:-

X evertheless, to be frank with you, which we desire you in any wise to
keep to yourself, being an hU11101lr fallen into our legs, and our physicians
therefore adyising us in nowise to take so far a journey in the heat of the
year, whereby the same might put 11S to further trouble and displeasure,
it hath been thought Inore expedient that we should, upon that respect
only, though the grounds before specified had not occurred with it, now
change onr determination, than that we should be too precise in that
which to us, and our whole realnl, might after minister SOlne canse of
repentance.

Ho\v .Anne could be held directly ans\verable for this affiiction of
Providence at first appears difficult to comprehend, but the inference
is that by her perverseness and levity of conduct, including the
offence of her miscarriage, she had so wearied and lo\vered the
Iring's mental and physical tone that the above-mentioned aihnel1ts
had seized upon his constitution, "to the danger of the Iring's
person and body, and to the scandal, danger, detriluent, and dero-
gation of the issue and heirs of the said l{ing and Queen" (see
Appendix, p. 196); which offence, by the statute made in the
t\venty-sixth year of this reign, alnounted to treason. "So that,"
as Burnet observes, " the law made for Anne and her issue ,vas now
luade use of to destroy her." Of the correctnes
of this vie\v the
records preserved in the Baga de Secretis and the Chapuys Corre-
spondence furnish abundant evidence, and if Anne had spoken of the
l{ings's death even in jest, as she appears to have done by her own
admission, it \vas no slight offence in the eye of the law. From Sir
WillialTI l{ingston's Reports to the Council of what transpired \vhilst
Anne was under his custody in the Tower, \ve derive the information
that Anne had actually been so indiscreet as to speak of the I{ing's
death as a probable event. The occasion, as related by I{ingston, ,vas

INT RODUCTION.

XXIX

a conversation with 1\lrs. Cozen, who ,vas one of the ladies appointed
to "
ait on the Queen whilst in the To,ver.
lrs. Cozen having asked
the Queen " why Norris had said to her ahnoner on Saturday last
that he could swear to her being a good ,voman," the Queen
replied, "1\Iarry, I bade hinl do so; for I asked him ,vhy he did not
go through with his Inarriage, and he Blade answer that he would
tarry a time. Then, said I, you look for dead men's shoes; for, if
ought but good should come to the I\:ing, you would look to have
nle. He denied it; and I told him that I could undoe him if I
would." This imagining of the I(ing's death corresponds very
nearly ,vith the phrase used in the indictment, and, although uttered
without any intention of compassing it, yet might bring the speaker
,vithin the meshes of the ]a,v of treason as then interpreted. It was
not sufficient that the Queen of England should be innocent of the
actual crimes imputed; she should have been above suspicion,
whatever latitude of conduct might be taken by her gaUant lord,
which Anne certainly was not. It Inay be true that none of her
reeorded words necessarily bore a rilorc serious construction than
that of imprudence and over-familiarity with some of her courtiers
and servants, for which an eXCli8e has been sought by reference to
her long residence in France, and the latitude allowed at the French
Court, ,vhere such matters were not regarded as even indecorous.
But such excuses were not likely to be adnlÏtted by her ju
ges, and
at the tilue of her trial these laches of good breeding 'were con-
sidered quite sufficient to lend a prÙnâ facie probability to the worst
insinuations. It was, no doubt, also reluembered to her disad-
vantage that her original connection with the I{ing was extreluely
reprehensible. It could not be forgotten that she had for long
months corresponded ,vith Henry before his divorce from Queen
I(atharine, and had received from hin}, ,vithout relnonstrance, love-
letters replete with coarse sensuality, relieved only by scholastic
pedantry, thus laying herself open to the charge of encouraging the
addresses of a 111arried luan, which she unquestionably did; and this
illicit correspondence was carried on under the most disgraceful
circumstances, for she well knew that her schemes of self-aggl'andize-

xxx

INTRODUCTION.

ment could not be achieved except by ,vounding to the heart a
kind and indulgent mistress, under whose protection she had been
advanced to honour. All these things were against her at her trial.
It is a quibble rather than any valid excuse to urge that she had
persuaded herself the I\:ing's Inarriage \vith I\:atharine was illegal and
null. Of this she could neither be an impartial nor a fit judge. Even
if the ecclesiastical objections to the marriage had been as clear as
they \vere the reverse, that would make no difference either as to
the delicacy or the morality of her conduct. N or ,vas this " pure
n1aiden" free from scandal in the 111atter of adultery, for before the
I\:ing had gone through the fonnality of a divorce, and before she
herself had been 111arried, even in private, she \vent on a progress
with the I\:ing, and exercised such a suspicions influence over hin1
that Christian charity would find it hard to repel grosser insinuations. a
'Y11en after her ill-starred 111arriage her levity of conduct exposed
her to the saIne taunts, it was natural to believe her guilty of the
like offences with others as she had cOl1llnitted with the I\:ing. The
suspicion too that she had elnployec1 slow poison to bring about the
death of certain nlelnbers of the royal household was also widely
diffused, as we learn not only fron1 this Chronicle but froln the cor-
respondence of Chapuys recently brought to light by the researches
of 1\11'. Froude. An10ngst the papers at. Vienna is a narrative of an
intervie\v between the I\:ing and youn
flenry, who, coming to
receive his father's blessing, as ,vas the English custoln, before he
retired to rest, "the I{ing burst into tears, saying, that he and his
sister (lneaning the Princess l\Iary) n1ust thank God for having
escaped the hands of that accursed and venomous harlot \vho had
intended to poison theln." "Froln these ,vords," observes Chapuys
to the Elnperor, "it ,vonid appear the I\:ing kno,vs something." This

a It is difficult to believe that Anne's prudence should have been surprised at the
end of so long a courtship, though, as Fuller says of her, "she was cunning in her
chastity." Yet a contemporary letter of the French ambassador, and the premature
birth of the Princess Elizabeth on the 7th Sept. 1533, heing only seven months and
thirteen days after the private marriage on the 23th J aIIUary preceding-, countenance
this assertion. See Archæologia, vol. xviii. 77-82; also lIar!. 1\18S. 283, 22, and
287, 1, both of which are wrongly dated in catalogue.

INTRODUCTION.

XXXI

occurred on the very day on which Anne was cOlnmitted to the
Tower, and \vas probably the secret said to have been disclosed by
Lady \VingfÌeld on her death-bed, and which was reported to the
I{ing at Greenwieh.
IIo\v far the I\:ing believed in the truth of these crilninal accu-
sations, and whether it \vere the conviction of young Henry that
he was actually the victim of SOlne insidious poison, which in-
duced him to give his attendance, ,vith other of the nobility, on
the To\ver Green, to witness the execution of his father's wife, as
noted by our chronicler (see p. 41), it is not needful here to discuss;
certain it is that these suspicions were rife in the public mind, and
were believed by a large section if not by the majority of the English
nation. Even our chronicler, though. otherwise well-inclined, as
1\11'. Froude observes, to Anne, gives a Inodified credence to them,
as evidenced by the before-quoted passage (see p. xxvii.). ] twill
not be without weight here to state that 1\11'. Froude, who had
the perusal of the transcript of this l\1S. Chronicle before it was
placed in the hands of the printer, comn1ends the writer of it
as "giving more particulars about Anne's fall than a.ny other
English writer of the time." This expression of opinion as coming
fro111 so distinguished an historian is no slight comlnendation, and
is of value in estimating its intrinsic worth as an adàition to our
sources of historical inforrnation. It was not to be expected that
we should find these charges of poisoning repeated by Stow or
any of the chroniclers who wrote in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
for to traduce the character of her luother and to question her own
legitilnacy \vould have brought do\vn upon thelnselves the resent-
ment of that sovereign.
So far as I have been able to form an opinion froln the docu-
Inentary evidence hitherto brought to Eght, it does not appear
that Henry personally exerted hiluself to pervert the course of
justice: he simply gave ear to the current Court scandals, and,
being tired of his Queen, directed that an inquiry should be insti-
tuted into her conduct, which resulted in the apprehension and
connnittal of the Queen and her associates, as they are called, on

XXXll

INTRODUCTION.

various charges of treason and adultery. "Vhen once legal proeeed-
ings had been instituted, witnesses ,vere not wanting to a vouch the
truth of these suspicions, and we have, preserved to our tilne, both
the substance of the accusations on ,vhich the judglnent ,vas based
and the whole of the legal process. Alllongst the records of the
I{ing's Bench no\v in the Public Record Office are the original
doculnents, contained in the Baga de Secretis, which fonnerly were
kept under three keys, one held by the Lord Chief Justice, another
by the Attorney-General, and the third by the l\Iaster of the Crown
Office; and in Pouches 8 and 9 of this collection are contained the
identical instrulnents used at the trial of Queen Anne Boleyn and
her brother Lord Rochford, ,vhich ,vere supposed for a long tilne to
have been intentionally suppressed or destroyed. So far, however,
frol11 the Govern111ent of that time endeavouring to destroy the
evidences of the trial, as usually asserted, unwonted carè was taken
to preserve a full record .of the proceedings, for, besides an enrol-
ment or summary of the trial, Inost of the original doclunents eln-
ployed on this occasion have been preserved. It is also ilnportant
to observe that the Governlnent on this occasion, instead of resorting
to the SUlnmary process of an attainder in Parlialnent, which Inight
easily have been procured, and so shut out any possibility of escape
for the pTÏsoners, elected rather to proceed by the ordinary course
of justice, notwithstanding the risk of an acquittal by a jury in the
event of the charges not being substantiated. The first point of
importance we gather fro111 these dOCUlnents is that the prelin1Ïnary
investigation into the Queen's conduct ,vas initiated so early as the
24th of April, ,vhen the special c011llni
sion of Oyer and Terrniner
was issued to the justices of ::\1iddlesex and I
ent. This circum-
stace at once dispels the possibility of the jousts at Green,vich having
been the occasion of these scandals, for they ,vere not cOlnlnenced
until the 1st of l\Iay. It is likewise clear that Anne's condClTIl1ation
was not a foregone conclusion when these investigations were insti-
tuted, else the I(ing would not have taken her down to Greenwich
with hiln to enjoy the spectacle of the tournalnent. It was not till
he was inforlned that there were lJ1'Î1nâ facie grounds for the charges

INTRODUCTION.

XXXIll

which had hitherto been only whispered that he nlanifesteù a deter-
mination to bring the persons accused to trial, and fronl that mOlllent
he took energetic action by ordering the Queen and her accolnplices
to be arrested and lodged in the Tower, after which he never sa\v
her again.
Fronl the Queen's indictment (see Appendix, p. 194) we likewise
gain a clue to how these reports caUle to be noised abroad, for her
pretended accon1plices are there described "as having becolne so
very jealous of each other, that, in order to. secure her affections,
they did satisfy her inordinate desires, and the Queen was so jealous
of the Lord Rochford and other the before nlentioned traitors, that
she would not allo\v thern to hold any faJniliarity with any other
WOlnan without exhibiting her exceeding displeasure and indigna-
tion:" which passage may be taken to lnean either that they were
admitted to a guilty intilnacy by the Queen or that they ,vere so
jealous of each other that, in order to assert their favour at Court,
they did not even refrain froll1 casting aspersions on the Queen's
honour.
vVhen first brought before the Council, we are told, they all
luaintained their innocence and the innocence of the Queen, and
were re-colnmittèd; but being brought up a second tilne anù cross-
examined, l\lark Slneton, one of the grooms of the privy chan1ber
and an accomp1ished musician, in lnuch favour with the Queen, con-
fessed his guilt, admitting that he haJ conunitted adultery ,vith the
Queen on three several occasions. Fron1 Sir Edward Baynton's letter
to the Lord Treasurer we learn that Norris, \\T eston, and Slneton
made general adlnissions, but denied resolutely that any actual
offence had been cOlnmitted. On being pressed further and cross-
examined Smeton confessed to actual adultery; Norris hesitated;
being pressed, however, by Sir \Villialll Fitzwillialn to speak the
truth, he also made a silllilar acknowledgment, a1though he after-
wards withdre\y frolll what he had said. \Veston persisted in
declaring himself innocent. The result was un
atisfactory, and it
",'as thought that it would "lnuch tonch the I{ing's hononr if the
CAl\lD. soc. f

XXXIV

INTUODUCT ION.

guilt of the accused was not proved more clearly." Ko doubt
RaYllton "was right in his stricture, and glad should we be if the
rcsult could be rendered less unsatisfactory; but the confession of
the one "varlet," as Chapuys terms hiln, makes a satisfactory ex-
planation very difficult. If Slneton were guilty, as he confessed, of
actual adultery, the Queen must also have been guilty, and as he
does not appear to have retracted, even when brought to the gallows,
we can scarcely believe hinl innocent.
On the 18th of l\Iay, I{ingston, who was at that time Licutenant
of the Tower, wrote to Crumwel1, telling him that the Queen had
sent for hiln early in the morning to speak with hiln touching her
innocence (apparently in the presence of Cranmer), and that she had
again sent for hiln while he was writing this Salne letter, and at his
coming had exclaimed, " 1\11'. I\:ingston, I hear say I shall not die
before noon, and I am very sorry therefore, for I thought to be
dead by this tilne and past lUY pain." I told hcr that it should be
no pain, it was so subtle; and then she said, "I heard say the
executioner ,vas very good, and I have a little neck;" and she put
her hands about it laughing heartily. "Truly this lady," adds the
Lieutenant of the Tower, "has much joy and pleasure in death."
Certainly this does not look like guilt; but at the same time it is
impossible to reconcile the supposition of the Queen's innocence
with the admission of Smeton's guilt. Even if we set aside the
confession of SlnetOl1 as the insane utterance of a bewildered
cour'tier, or the base lie of a traitorous villain, it still remains a
ll1ystery how little evidence of actual criminality can be adduced
against the parties condelnned as accon1plices of the unfortunate
Queen, and yet how they all died ,vithout making a clear declaration
of their innocence. lndeed, if their dying speeches lnay be taken
as genuine, nearly all of them acknowledged that for some cau
e or
other they ,vere justly punished. The Vienna papers, comprising
as they do letters of Queen I\:atharine and the Princess l\lary, while
on the whole they tell in favour of Anne Boleyn, allowance being
l:nade for .the fact of their having been ,vrittell by her political oppo-

INTRODrCTIOK.

xxxv

nent.s and bitterest enemies, place us in this dilcllllna, that they
confirm the authenticity of the dying speeches of the 9ccused, which
otherwiEe might have been suspected of being the spurious inven-
tions of credulous
chroniclers, or the interested utterances of an
unscrupulous Government, put into the mouths of the condcrnned,
and circulated in order to calrn the popular mind. Amongst these
pa.pers, however, 1\11'. Froude found a Spanish version of the speech
of. Lord Rochford exactly corresponding in substance with that con-
tained in the present volume. (See pp. 39, 40.) This speech is not
to be n1et with in its entirety in any other Chronicle, and it goes
far to inculpate the Queen's brother by his own admission. It is
very unlikely that the Emperor's Alnbassador should have been
itnposed upon by fictitious speeches circulated by the Government,
even if an intelligent n1an of the world like our Chronicler could
have been so deceived, nor would Constantyne, whose l\Iernoir is
printed in the Archæologia, vol. xxiii. pp. 63-66, and ,vho was an
attendant at this time on Henry Norris, and had been nlany years
a friend and schoolfello\v of 'Villiatn Bryerton, have accepted
such utterances as true ,vithout satisfying himself of their genuine-
ness, especially as such verification ,vould have been no difficult
Inatter, the public being suffered to be present at these executions.
Constantyne was a resolute Protestant, and he says that at first he
and all other friends of the Gospel ,vere unable to believe that the
Queen had behaved so abominably. ." As I may be saved before
God," he writes, "I could not believe it, afore I heard them speak
at their death." .... "But on the scaffold," he adds: "in a
n1anner all confessed except 1\11'. K orris, who said abnost nothing at
alL" In the like strain Archbishop Cranmer writes in his postscript
to his well-known letter to the I\:ing in behalf of the fallen Queen,
"I aln exceeding Eorry that such faults can be proved against the
Queen, as I heard of their relation." This postscript ,vas added to
his letter upon his return froln the intervie,v with the Lord Chan-
cellor, Lords Oxford and Sussex, and the Lord Chamberlain, in the
Star ChaIn her.

XXXVI

JNTRODUCTION.

Therc IS, however, a third solution to this 111ystery, which, I
believe, has never yet been canvassed. In a recent number of the
Palll\Iall Gazette,a 'when speaking of the apprehension and confes-
sion of the supposed Kana Sahib, the \vriter observes:

T!le fear of death n1ay be overCOllle in a fanatic Inind by nlany influences.
In the late Kuka disturbances several people were condemned to death
on their own confession, and by a luere accident it was discovered only
just in time to stay their execution that they had absolutely nothing
whatever to do with the outrages. The reasons for their false statements
inviting death have scarcely been satisfactorily elucidated, but the nloral
is obvious.

viz., that no 111an's evidence ought to be received as conclusive
against himself. The moral may be obvious to us, but it certainly
would not have been to th08e who lived in the reign of Henry 'V1II.
The worst of it, however, is that Smeton confessed to the adultery,
for \vhich he threw himself on the I\:ing's mercy (see Appendix, p.
196), but pleadeò not guilty to the other counts, on \vhich he desired
to be tried by a jury, so that it is even difficult to believe him to
ha ve been suffering froln ten1 porary insanity.
Such a solution, if adlnitted for the sake of argument, would
render intel1igible the whole proceedings and clear up much of the
mystery which sUITounds this political tragedy. The King, the
peers, the judges, the two grand juries, the petty juries, and the
parliament, may have all acted on this sho\ving in their ordinary
and constitutional Inanner, and the law Jnay have had its course
without, undue influence being brought to beaT, and yet justice Inay,
in this instance, as in others with which we are better acquainted,
have grievously miscarried.
I t has been aEserted that Slneton ,vas bribed and tortured, but of
this I believe no evidence can be adduced, and, if such had been the
case, Eon1e trace of it would certainly have appeared in the legal pro-

R Oet. 18;4

INTRODUCT ION.

. .
XXXVll

ceedings. I t is well known that torture was used in the case of
Anne Askew, and no secret was made of it (see this Chronicle,
p. 168), so that we sh0uld have had SOlne InentioI! of such a pro.
ceeding had it been resorted to in this instance. It is remarkable
that in the original precept of the justices to the sheriff, which is
preserved in Pouch viii. (see Appendix, p. 203), and bears date
12th l\Iay, 1536, the name of 8meton has been erased after having
been written in, as if he had then confessed and it was not con-
sidered requisite to bring hiln up for further examination.
I n like manner the partial adlnission of culpability by the other
prisoners, while denying the main charge, is eXplained on the like
supposition; for, being in constant attendance on her majesty, it
,vas to be pre8umed that they would have been cognizant of
any marked ilnpropriety of conduct bet\veen the Queen and her
favourite musician, and if they did not check it, or inforrn the King,
they were to be held an:nverable for their neglect of duty. Now, as
8n1eton had confessed, they could not entirely rebut the charge of
complicity, and were possibly conscious that this misfortune had
been partially brought about through their own frivolities and un-
wise encouragement of the Queen's coquettish pleasantries.
\Ve, however, are still confronted with the difficulty of harlTIo.
nising the Queen's assertion of innocence with the dubious adlnission,
in her dying speech on the Tower Green, to the effect" that she
had been judged according to law, and by the law condemned," or,
as our chronicler has recorded it, " I here humbly submit Ine to the
law as the law hath judged me." Instead of showing any bitterness
towards her husband and sovereign, Anne's speech, it should be re-
marked, bears witness to the high estimation in which she still held
him personally, notwithstanding the cruel position in which she
was placed. It can therefore only be understood as implying that
she was mentally persuarled the King intended her no personal
wrong, but that her trial had been fair and open according to the
law as then adlninistered, ,vhich is a vcry different thing from the
admis
ion of unfaithfuln('ss to the J(ing's Lcd as EOlnetiInes asserted.

xxxviii

INTRODUCTION.

It should here be noted that the condelnnation of the Queen, and the
other prisoners, was on the charge of treason, of which the adultery
and incest formed only separate counts; and that the adultery at
least was regarded by the archbishop as doubtfill, for, in dec1aring
the ecclesiastical sentence of divorce, he preferred to ground his
decision on the original nullity of the Queen's marriage owing to
some pre-existing cause of ineligibility, which rendered the l{ing's
connection with Anne Boleyn only a concubinage, and consequently
the Princess Elizabeth illegitimate. Burnet has argued that if the
lnarriage were originally null, as declared by Cranmer, the adultery
could not have been committed, and therefore the Queen's con-
demnation was illegal; hut he overlooks the fact that the sentence
was for treason, which might be committed in a variety of ways,
even by Anne's simply not informing the I\.ing that she had been
incontinent before marriage, or that she had been affianced to any
other person, for such were the tyrannical laws passed by Henry
to protect, as he asserted, the purity of the succession.
According to our chronicler, the divorce decreed by Cranmer was
based on the supposition of a prior contract of marriage of Anne
Boleyn with Lord Henry Algernon Percy, afterwards eighteenth
Earl of Northumberland; but, as before mentioned, this was posi-
tively denied by the Earl; and although it has been insinuated that
no reliance can be placed on this denial, as the Earl could not have
admitted so much without grave danger to himself, yet the high
character of the Earl, and the fact of his having been cal1ed to sit
upon the trial, from which he was obliged to retire by reason of a
sudden attack of illness, combine to Inake us believe that no such
pre-contract had ever been entered into, but that the true ground
of the ecclesiastical sentence of nullity of rnarriage passed at Laln-
beth by Cranmer was the circumstance of the !\:ing's previous
connexion with l\lary Boleyn, as reported by Chapuys to the
Emperor. This agrees too ,vith Cranlner's statelnent that his
sentence was based on circumstances not hitherto known, but ,vhich
had lately been revealed to hin1 by the parties thcnlselves, so that

INTRODUCTION.

XXXIX

the lnarriage had been null and void from the beginning. If so,
our chronicler, like most other contemporary writers, Jnust have
been n1isinformed in this particular; but as the ,vhole transaction
reflected no credit on the ICing, who must have known even better
than Anne Boleyn of this impediInent to their marriage, it is
reasonable to suppo
e that the cause was purposely kept secret for
political reasons.
Dr. Lingard had, independently of the Vienna documents, arrived
at the conclusion that the sentence of nullity of marriage was based
on the previous concubinage of the ICing with Anne's sister l\fary,
who had succeeded the daughter of Sir John Blount as royal mis-
tress, and who after being passionately loved for a season had been
in her turn abandoned by the King before Anne Boleyn's return
froln the French Court. This it was with which Cardinal Pole
reproached the ICing in one of the letters he addressed to Henry;
and this it was which probably rendered Anne Boleyn so reluctant
to accept the l{ing's advances unless assured of marriage. "r e
Jnight perhaps have hesitated before accepting this revolting story
as having any foundation in truth had not the Chapuys Corre-
spondence confirmed all that the Cardinal had asserted.
I have carefully hitherto avoided Inaking any Teference to the
well-known letter of Anne Boleyn preserved in the British l\Iuseum,
and which professes to have been ,vritten from the Tower to the
King pleading for nlercy. It certainly is most touching, a.nd cannot
be entirely ignored, for had it been genuine it would have told
powerfully in her favour; but in this I cannot agree with :Thlr.
Froude,s who says he cannot doubt of its authenticity, although he
afterwards adds, that it is better calculated to plead the Queen's
cause with posterity than with the I{ing, whom it could only"exas-
perate. Dr. Lingard on the other hand, correctly as I think, rejects
its authority as bearing no reselnblance to the Queen's genuine
letters, either in language or spelling or writing, much less in

a Rist. Ellgl. cd. 1870.

xl

1 NTRODUCT ION.

signature; and observes, that it was very unlikely to have COlne
into the possession of CruInwel], amongst whose papers it is said to
have been found. 'Vhile Strype, who wrote at a much earlier
period, appears to have seen another letter, written subsequently to
the date of this one, as would appear from the events alluded to.
In this Anne is made to say, in answer to a second invitation to
confess, that she could confess no more than she had already spoken.
In the midst of this uncertainty as to the genuineness of con-
temporary authorities, not to say veracity of the narrators, it is a
relief to fall back upon such undoubted public evidences as have
been preserved to our time. In the Appendix to the present volume
will be found all the official records of what actuaUy. took place
upon this unprecedented occasion, when, for the first time in English
history, a head which had once worn a crown was struck off by the
sword of the executioner. .
It is true that they have all been carefully calendared in the
Deputy Keeper's Third Report, but not so exhaustively as to render
the originals valueless for historical purposes. In the introduction
to these doculnents the calendarer states that the earlier bills of
indictn1ent, especially of high treason, are virtually the depositions
of the ,vitnesses, or the confessions made by accessories or associates,
and therefore throw Inuch light on the character of the judicial pro-
ceedings. l\Iany of the trialfì, as those of Anne Boleyn and Lord
Rochford, took place in the Court of the Lord High Steward, and
these records contain the nalnes of the several Peers of Parliament
who actually sat and voted upon the trial of the parties; and, as
the early Journals of the House of Lords are ilnperfect, this circum..
stance addß considerably to the value and importance of the pro-
ceedings. In the instance of Anne Boleyn a reference to these
lists of names has cleared up one of the most perplexing difficulties,
viz. as to the presence of the Earl of "\Viltshire on the bench during
the trial of his children, by proving his absence in the cases of Anne
Boleyn and her brother, but his presence upon the trial of the
other prisoners. They also supply the nalnes of the jurors both in

INTRODUf::TI ON.

xli

1\Iiddlesex and I{ent .who sat on the grand and petty juries .which
tried the Queen and the rest of the prisoners, proving then1 to have
been Inen of good social position and the panel indifferently returned. a
These doclunents likewise supply an abstract of the evidence, which,
although inlperfect and to a degree unsatisfactory, leaves no doubt
as to the ordinary fonns of procedure having been scrupulously
adhered to, so that on the face of the trial there is no evidence of
the Crown having unduly interfered to procure a conviction.
"Thether or not our chronicler believed in the jURtiee of the Queen's
sentence is un
ertain, for, in narrating the proceedings at her trial,
he speaks of her as " excusing herselfe with her .wordes so clearlie as
thoughe she had never bene faultie to the same." (Page 37.) I t is
possible that, while believing in her fidelity to her marriage vow,
he may, like Archbishop Cranmer, have been" clean alllazed in his
mind, unable to kno,v ,vhat to think, his forIner good opinion of
her l\Iajesty prompting him to believe her innocent, whilst his
knowledge of the ICing's justice and prudence induced him to believe
her guilty." As for CranIner, he ought not to incur much censure,
considering he acted in this matter out of Illatives of hunlanity.
'-Yith regard to the life of Anne's successor, Jane Seymour, there is
not much noticeable in our Chronicle, \vith the exception of the date of
her death, as eXplained above (pp. xxi. and xxii.), and the statement
that her first appearance at Court \vas as "a waiting gentlewOJnan to
Queen JCatharine," and not, as usually stated, as maid of honour to
Queen Anne Boleyn. This particular, not of much InOlllent in itself,
has SOlne interest as showing that Jane was no new favourite of the
ICing's, but that he must have been acquainted with her for SOlne
considerable period. From the position she assun1ed, ilnmediately
on Anne's disgrace, there must evidently have previously existed
SOlne relations or other between her and the ICing, though there was

a Instructions were given that none of the jurors should be related to defendants,
and on the
rand jury panel for J\Iirldlesex the names of those sworn are all taken
in order, which is also the case with the petty jury with only two exceptionR, all
being knights resident within the body of the county.
CAMO. f'OC. [J

xlii

JXTRODUCTION.

nothing beyond nunour to show ,vhat these relations were. All
we know is that her character ,vas previously without reproach, and
that she was chosen by the I(ing for her comely and agreeable
person and proper age, as likely t.o bear him children}\
Another event which is fully narrated by our chronicler is the
interview of Henry VIII. with his fourth wife, Anne óf Cleves, on
her first landing (see p. 109). His stat.ement is sOlnewhat remark-
able, and differs very materially froln the ordinarily received accounts.
J t is as follows:

On New Year's rlaie at afternoune the l{inges Grace, with five of his
Privie Chanlber, being disguysed with clookes of nlarble with hoodes,
that they sbould not be know en, came privelie to Rochester, and so went
upp into the chamber: where the said Ladie Anne looked out at a
wyndowe to see the bull beating that was theat tyn1e in the court, and
sodenlie he mnbraced her and kissed, and shewed her a token t.hat the
King had sent her for her N ewe Yeares gift, and she being abashed, not
knowing who it was, thanked him, and so he communed with her, but
she regarded him little, but alwaies looked out of the wyndow on the
bull beatinge, and when the l{ing perceaved :::he regarded his comming
so little, he departed into [an ]other chamber and putt of his cloke and
came in againe in a cote of purple velvett, and when the lordes and
knightes did see hi
Grace they did him reverence, and then she, per-
ceiving the lordes doeing their dewties, humbled her Grace lowlie to the
Kinges l\fajestie, and his Grace saluted her againe, and so talked
togeether lovinglie, and after tooke her by the hand and leed her into
another chanlbel.' where they solaced their graces that night and till
Fridaie at afternoune, and then his Grace tooke his leave and departed
thence to Gravesend, and their tooke his barge, and so went to Greene-
wych that night, and she rode to Dartford that night and lodged their
till the morrowe; and on Satterdaie shee tooke her j0rney towardes
Greenewych, where, at the foote of Shooters Hill, there was a pavilion
sett upp for her Grace, where mett her the Earle of Rutland, being Lord
Chamberlaine to her Grace, witl1 the Ladie Dug-las, the Dutcheses of

& See Audlcy's Rpee('h on the opening of Parliament, Lords' Journals, i. p. 84-.

I
Tl{ODUCTI0N .

xliii

Richmond and of
uffo]ke, with divers other ladie
and gelltlewoluell
that were apoynted for dailie waiters on her Grace in the court, with also
all her Graces servantes and yeomen; and their she lighted and changed
her apparell, and putt on a rich gowne of cloth of gould, and so lighted
on her horse againe, and rode a soft pace towardes Greenewych, and
about a mile and Inore from Greenewych, on the Blacl
e Heath, the
I{inges J\Iajestie mett with her Grace, richlie apparayled in a cote of
cloath of goulde, with all his 10l'des and knightes, and, after salutation
donne between thelll, the l\:.inges Grace and ::;he rode softlie towardes
Greenwych, all the waie from thence sett on both sides with gentlemen
in cotes of velvett and great chaynes about their lleckes, the l\Iajor of
London riding in a cotú of crymison velvett and a rych collar of goulde
about his necke, afore the lunges Maj estie, and all the aldermen, with
the counsell of the cittie and six score of the citizins, all in cotes of
blacke velvett with chaines of gonld about their neckes, stoode alol1ge by
the parke side whereas she should J1asse by, and twentie fower merchantes
of the
tiliard in cotes of velvett with chaines, above five hundred persons,
and above tow thousand horse of their serval1tes in ne.w lyveries, and
also all the craftes in London laie in barges in the Thames afore Greene-
wych, their barges being well trynuued with banners and targattes, with
divers nlelodie of instrunlentes, "ith also tow batchlers barges rychlie
hanged with cloth of gonld of the craft of the l\Iarcers, which was a
goodlie sight; and so she Caine to Greenewych that night and [was]
receaved as Qucene; and the nlorrowe, being Soundaie, the I\:.inges
Grace kept a great court at Greenewych, where his Grace with the
Queene offred at llut8Se, richlie apparayled; and on Twclfe daic, which
was Twesdaie, the I\:.inges J\Iajestie was Inaried to the said Queene ...-luue,
solelllply, ia her closett at Greenewych, and his Grace and shce went a
vrocession openlie that daie, she being in her haire, with a rytch cronctt
uf stones and pearle sett with rosenmrie on her Graces heade, and a
gownc of rich doatll of silv.er, and richlie bchanged with stollnc and
pearle, with all her ladies and gentlewolnen following her Grace, which
was a goodlie sight to behold.

If wc contrast the above with the account of thé 8alllC interview
frOln I hUllC':5 hi::;tory,

xliv

INTRODUCTION.

The I{ing, Î1npatient to be satisfied with regard to the person of his
bride, came privately to Rochester, and got a sight of her. He found
.her big, indeed, anù tall as he could wish, but utterly devoid both of
beauty and grace, very unlike the pictures and representations which he
had received. He swore she was a great Flanders lnare, and declared
that he never could possibly bear her any affection. The matter was
worse when he found that she could speak no language but Dutch, of
which he was entirely ignorant, and that the charnls of her conversation
were not likely to compensate for the homeliness of her person.

we cannot fail to be struck ,vith the superiority of the con-
ten1porary chronicler, who has left us so lively a picture of the
manners (ìf those tilnes.
Under date June 1546, (see p. 167) occurs another passage ,vhich
perhaps requires elucidation: "After the conclusion of peace,"
\vrites our chronicler, " the I{inges l\lajestie christened the Dolphins
chield, Sir TholTIas Cheney, knt. and Lord \Varden of the Five
Portes being the I{inges debitey at the christning, which rode
into France with a goodlie company, and was ther
highlie receaved
of the French ICinge." The French ICing here spoken of ,vas
Francis 1., latc the enen1Y, but no,v the sworn friend, of Henry,
who sent Sir Thomas Cheney into France to assist at the christening
of the Dauphin's infant daughter, to whom his l\lajcsty of England
had proposed to stand sponsor, as a mark of esteem for his brother
of France, ,vho on his side was so devoted, according to our
chronicler, to Henry, that after receiving the l1ews of his death
he never rejoiced again, but died within three months after. His
obsequy was kept ,vith great solemnity in London as well as Paris
(see p. 184), and at the requicll1 lTIaSS in St. Paul's Cathedral,
Bishop Ridley, of Rochester, " greatlie commended in his sennon the
said French ICinf! departed, for setting forth of the Bible and X c,v
Testalnent in the French tongue to be read of all his snbjectes." This
c0111mendation by our author of Francis I. for his religious enlighten-
lTICnt in encouraging the spread of the Scriptures reads sOlTIewhat
strange, ,vhen we call to nlind that it ,vas under his governlTIent that

INTRODUCTION.

xlv

the printing of the English translation of the Scriptures was sUlnmarily
stopped at Paris in compliance with a remon
trance from the French
clergy. On this occa
ion Inost of the copies then .worked off were seized
and burnt. SaIne few, however, of this edition having fortunately
been conveyed out of danger, the attempt to suppress it was unavail-
ing, and ,vith the connivance of the French Governlnent. the work-
Inen and forms were then brought over into England, ,vhere the
printing was proceeded with.
A complete version of the Bible, partly by Tindal and partly by
Coverdale, had appeared in 1535, and a second edition, under the
nalne of l\latthe,v, followed in 1537; but Crum"Tell and Cranmer,
not content with these perfonnances, determined on a revised edition,
,vhich ,vas cOl1unitted to the press at Paris because no printer could
be fc)und in England capable of executing so great a work as it
ought to be. It is somewhat remarkable that the English trans-
lators had to send to Paris to get their work executed, as ,ve
find it asserted only a few years previously (statute 25 Hen. 8,
cap. 15), that "at this day (1534) there be ,vi thin this realm a
great number cunning and expert ill printing, and as able to
execute the said craft as any stranger." In all the editions of
the Bible in I-Ienry's reign, though the version is substantially
Tyndal's, there are considerable variations. Thus, in the edition
of 1537, called l\Iatthew's Bible, printed by Grafton, author of
Grafton's Chronicle, there are numerous Inarginal notes reflecting
on the corruptions of Popery. These, in the 1539 edition, commonly
called" Cranmer's Bible," as having been revised by him, have been
omitted, and several verbal alterations made in the text: for exan1ple,
the ,vord ecclesia in Cranlner's Great Bible is always rendered con-
gregation, instead of church, apparently with the object of pointing
out that the laity had a share in the government of a Christian
society. It was, as ,ve learn froln this Chronicle (page 85), the
edition of the Bible" of the largest volume" which ,vas ordered in
1538 to be placed in every church, " as a lidger for the parishioners

xlvi

INTRODUCTION.

to read on, the curate to beare the halfe of the charge thereof, and
the parishe the other halfe ;" the price being 108., as we learn frolll
the first volulne of State Papers, Henry 'TIll., where n1any other
interesting particulars relative to this subject will be found. After
noticing the order for the curates to provide a book of the Bible in
English, our author goes on to point out that, by the injunctions
issued by Crulnwell as the King's vicegerent, it was provided" that
all the lights of wax in every church were to be taken down, 8ave
only the roodloft light, the light afore the Sacrament, and the light
afore the Sepulchre. And that every curate shall keep a book or
register wherein shall be written every ,vedding, ehristening, and
burying made within the same church througl:out the ,vhole year,
the same book to rernain in a chest \vith two locks and two keys in
the saIne church provided for the same, the one key to rernain with
the curate, and the other ,vith the church,vardens of the same
church, the charge to be at the cost of the parish," with divers other
injunctions. The progress of the Reforlnation, ,vhich evidently
had the sYlnpathies of our author, notwithstanding the filct that so
lnany of his own relatives and friends were staunch adherents of the
ancient régime, on more than one occasion evokes an expression of
his personal opinion. Thus, at page 81, he writes, "This year
[1538] also, in Paske Tearme, the Bishop of London, called Doctor
Stookes[leyJ, was condeInned in a pren1ynere, for Inakinge t,vo
brethren and a nonne at Sion by the Bishop of Romes bulles;
how- beyt the J\:inge ,vas better to hiB1 then he deserved, aud
graunted him his pardon." In another passage, while noting the
dispersion of the religious fraternities at Sion, he designates it the
"virtuest house in all the land," perhaps frOln his having been n10re
familiarly acquainted with its inner life, his aunt Agnes having bee
l
a professed nun ,vithin its walls.
I would only call attention to one otller passage which ,vill be
found at page 82, where our author narrates the particulars of the
preaching of Henry Daunce, who Inay be described as the father of

INTRODUCTION.

xlvii

lnodern Dissenters. This lnan as he tells us was a bricklayer dwell-
ing in \Vhitechapel, then a detached village situated on the skirts
of Epping Forest. His practice was

To sett a tub against a tree in his garden, frOlll which he preached the
worde of God on divers Sondayes and other dayes early in the morninge and
at 6 of the clocke at night, and had great audience of people, both spirituall
and temporall, which sayd parson had noe learninge of his booke, neither
in Englishe nor other tongue, and yet he declared Scripture as well as if
he had studyed at the Uniyersities; but at the last the bishops had such
indignation at hÏ1n by reason the people followed hiln, that they sent for
him to ll1Y Lord of Canterbury, where he was demaunded many questions,
but they .coulde laye nothinge to his charge, but did inhibite him froll1
preachinge because of the great resorte of people that drue to his sermons.

In conclusion I ,vouid observe that to the historical acumen of
the late 1\11'. John Bruce, formerly Director of the Camden So-
ciety, is due the present publication, for it was he who, justly appre-
ciating the value of this Chronicle, procured the loan of the 1\1 S.
from Lieutenant-General Lord Henry Percy with the object of its
publication, and I have only carried out his intentions, with the
approbation of the Council of that Society. In printing it, ac-
cording to the usual practice, I have preserved the spelling of the
I\1S., which may be of use for philological purposes, though not as
a criterion of the contemporaneousness of the narrative, for the
spelling has not unfrequently been Inodernised by" the transcriber,
who lived in the latter part of the reign of James 1., whereas the
author was born in the reign of Henry 'TII.
If it be true, as Stow in his quaint lnanner tells us, "that those
.who to their great costes and charges have brought hidden histories
from dusky darkness to the sight of the wo
ld deserve at least
thankes for their paines, and to be lnisreported of none, seeing they
have laboured for all," then public thanks are alike due to the
Can1den Society for bearing the eharges of this volume, to Lieutenant-

xl viii

INTUODUCTION.

General Lord Henry Percy for the loan of his valuable and unique

IS., and to the good friends of the editor ,vho have aided hiln .with
their advice and assistÆtnce in its elucidation, more especially to
Samuel Rawson Gardiner, Esq., Director of the Calnden Society, to
J. S. Brewer, l\I.A., to S. 'V. I(ershaw,
I.A., librarian of the
Archiepiscopal Library in Lam beth Palace, to Sir John l\laclean,
and to S. J. Tucker, Esq., Rouge-Croix Pursuivant.

'Yl\I. DOUGLAS HAl\IILTON.

Beaumont Cottage, Haverstock Hill,
10 November, 1874.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S

CHRONICLE.

11es quæclam scÎtu digniores sub reg
no Henrici
Septimi.

HENUICI VII. Anno t.
This yeare a was great death of the sicknesse called the sweatinge
sicknesse;b and the crosse in Cheepe ne\v made; and a great taske
and disme c grawnted to the J(inge.

HENRICI VII. Anno 2.
This yeare d Prince Arthure ,vas borne at 'Vindsore.e

HENRICI VII. Anno 3.
This yeare the Queene was crowned. f The Earle of Lincolne,g

a Henry VII.'s regnal years counted from 22nd Aug. 1485, the day of the battle
of Bosworth. The years in the text, however, are computed from Lord :Mayor's day.
b This disease, unknown to any other age or nation, appeared first in London
ahout the middle of September, and hy the end of October had decimated the popu-
lation. Two mayors and six aldermen died of it within one week.-See " Hall's
Chronicle."
C This expression is copied from Arnold, signifying" tax and tenth." In .Jean
Pal
grave's "L'Ec1aircissement de In. Langue Française" the word "taske" is
rendered by the French" taux."
d This paragraph is wrongly placed both in Arnold and our 1\18. after the next.
cntry, but I have restored it to its proper date.
C A clerical error for 'Vinchester.
f At 'Vestmillster on the 2.3th November, 14:87.
g John Earl of Lincoln was son of John de la. rolf', Duke of Suffolk, antI of
EJizaheth, eldest sister of Eùwartl IV.
CAi\ID. soc. n

A.D. 1485-7.
[Anno Reg. 1.]

[A.D. 1486.]
[Anno Reg. 2.]

[A.D. 1487.]
[Anno Reg. 3.J

A.D. 1481-92.

[A.D. 1489.J
[Anno Reg. 4.]

[A.D. 1490.J
[Anno Reg. 5.]

. [A.D. 1491.J
[Anno Reg. 6.J

[A.D. 1492.J
[Anno Reg. 7.J

2

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

the Lord Lovell, and one l\Iartin Swarte, a straunger, slayne all In
a Feild that they made againste the I{inge. a

HENRICl VII. Anno 4.
This yeare the J{inge sent manye knightes with seaven thowsand b
men into Brytane. Th' Earle of Korthumberlande slayne in the
N orthe. C A capp of mayntenance brought from Rome to the
H..inge. d

HENRICI VII. Anno 5.
This yea-re Creplegate was new made, and E. Francke e and other
put to death.

HENRICI VII. Anno 6.
This yeare, in June,! I{inge Henrie the Eight g was borne at
Greenewich, which was second sonne to King Henry the VIlth,
named Duke of Yorke. Sir Robert Chamberlayne beheaded. A
conduict begon at Christ Churche. h
HENRICI VII. Anno 7.
This yeare the l{inge went to Calis ,vith a great armie i againste
France, but the peace was Inade without battell. k The Queenes
mother 1 deceased, and the Lowers m set upon Guylde Hall.

a This battle was fought at the village of Stoke, near Newark, 16th June, 1487,
when Lambert Simnel was made prisoner.
b Eight thousand according to Stow.
e By the rebels, April 28th, 1489.
d This agrees with Arnold and Bernard André, but Stow places it in 1505.
e Edward Franke in Arnold. f June 28th, 1491.
g This expression shows that this portion of the Chronicle was written after the
accession of Henry VIII.
h A clerical error for Gracechurch, in Arnold written Greschurch.
i 25,000 foot and 1,600 horse.
k By the terms of this treaty, known as the Peace of Estaples, the French King
engaged to pay 745,000 crowns down and 52,000 crowns yearly under the name of
pension.
I Elizabeth 'Voodville, widow of }
dward IV. m Towers.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VII. Anno 8.
This yeare was a risinge of yonge men againste the Stiliarde. a

HENRICI VII. ANNO 10.
This yeare was beheaded Sir vVilliam Stanley, Lord Chamber-
layne, Sir Syrnon l\Ionforde and his sonne, and manye other that
landed in the Downes,b to the number of viii xx, that came fi-om
Perkin 'Verbeck,c callinge hirnselfe I(ing Edwardes sonne.d
HENRICI VII. Anno 12.
This yeare 'was Blackheath feild in June. e The Lord Awdley
chiefe capteyn .with 30,000 Corni.she men. The capteynes put to
death, f and in August Perkin vVerbeck landed in Corne"\vale,g and
by pursuit Hedd to Bowdley St. l\Iarie,h but by appoyntment he
came to the I\:inge, follo.winge the Courte.Ï

HENRICI VII. Anno 13.
This yeare, in December, was the weathercock of Pa.ules, the
crosse, and the bowle,k taken downe, and all new made. And in l\Iay
after were solemnlye hallowed, and sett up agayne.
a The Hanseatic or Easterling merchants had their repository," Guyhalda Tentoni-
corum," in the Still-yard in Thames Street, from which circumstance they received
the sobriquet of :Merchants of the Steelyard.
b Near Deal.
C Other authorities say Warbeck's followers, to the number of 169, were on this
occasion made captives and gibbeted; but our author has copied Arnold, who has
" viii skore."
d 1Varbeck pretended to be Richard Duke of York, son of Edward IV.
e June 22nd.
f Lord Audley was beheaded at Tower HilI; Flammock, an attorney, and l\Ii3hel
Joseph
a blacksmith, wcre hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn; all the rest
were pardoned by proclamation.
g In 1Vhitsand Bay; and, having sent his wife, the Lady Catherine Gordon, for
safety to :\lount St. l\IichaeI, assumed the title of Richard IV.
h The Sanctuary of Beaulieu in the New Forest, written in Arnold "Bewdeley
sent wary," which has been erroneously transcribed in our 1\IS. " St. 1\Iarie. "
i In Arnold this passage i::;, " find so remained following the Conrt."
k ball.

3

A.D. 1493-98.
[Anno Reg. 8.]

[A.D. 1495.]
[Anno Ueg. 10.]

[A.D. 1497.]
[Anno Reg. 12.]

[A.D. 1498.]
r Anno Reg. 13.]

A.D. 1499-1501.
[Anno Reg. 14.]

[Anno Reg. ]5.]

[A.D. 1500.]

[Anno Reg. 16.]

[A.D. 1501.]
[Anno Reg. 17.]

4

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VII. Anno 14.
This yeare was borne the third sonne of Iring Henry the VII.
named Edmunde Duke of Somersett, at Greenwich, the 22nd of
Februarie.

I-IENRICI VII. Anno 15.
This yeare, in June, deceased the third sonne of the Ringe,
named Duke of Somersett, and was buried at 'Vestminster. a Perkin
'Verbeck putt to death at Tyburne; and the Earle of 'Varwyke,b
sonne to the Duke of Clarence, who had bene kept in t.he Tower
from the age of 11 years unto the end of 14 yeares, was beheaded at
the To,ver Hill. e A great pestilence throughout all England. .

HENRICI VII. Anno 16.
This yeare the I\:inge buylded new his mannoI' at Sheene,d and
chaunged the name and named it Richmonde;e and buylded new
his place, called the Baynards Castle, in London; and repay red his
place in Greenewich, with muche new bnyldinge/

HENRICI VII. Anno 17.
This yeare, the 14th day of November, Prince Arthure ,vas
married g at Paules Churche, in London, to the I\:inge of Spaynes

a Our author follows Arnold, but others say that the infant Prince Edmond did
not die till the fifth year of his age.
b Edward Ear1 of 'Yarwick was the last remaining male of the house of
Plantagenet. He bore the title of Earl of 'Yarwick, though it does not appea.r that
his father's attainder had been reversed.
C Warbeck was executed at Tyburn on the 23rd November, together with O"Vater,

laJor of Cork, and the Ear1 of 'Yarwick on the following day, or, according to
some authorities, on the 28th.
d Stow has placed this paragraph under the year 1507, being the twenty-second
year of Henry's reign.
e After his own title.
f Greenwich has much favoured by Henry VII. and here his son, afterwards
Henry VIII. was born.
g At the age of fifteen, his bride being seventeen. The commission and marria.ge
articles may be seen in M"S. Har1eian. Cod. 6,2
0, Art. 1.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

third daughter, named J{atheryne. a And in Easter weeke follow-
inge the saide Prince Arthure deceased at Ludlowe, in 'Va]es, and
,vas buried at W orcester. b

IIENRIOI V II. Anno 18.
This yeare, in Februarie, died Queene Elizabeth at the Towre of
London, lyeinge in childebedd of a daughter named I{atherine (the
8th day after her birth), and was buried at 'Vestminster; c and on
Passion Sundaye a peace made betwene the Elnperoure and the
I{inge duringe their lyves, solemnized upon a great oathe at the
highe aulter in Paules queere.

5

A.D. 1502-5.

[A.D. 1503.]
[Anno Reg. 18.]

HENRICI VII. Anno 19.
This yeare the Taylors sued to the J{inge to be called l\larchant [Anno Reg. 19.]
taylors. d And this yeare was a great fier at the ende of London
Bridge next to St. l\Iagnus.
HENRICI VII. Anno 20.
This yeare was a great strife for th' election of the sheriffs in the
Guylde Hall. One parte ,youlde have vVilliam Fitz- '.Villiams,

a Katharine was fourth daughter of Ferdinand II. surnamed the Catholic, King
of Aragon, by his wife Isabella, daughter of John II. Ring of Castile, which
Isabella succeeding to the crown of Castile in 1474, the monarchy of Spain was
formed.
b Prince Arthur died on the Saturday following Easter Sunday in 1502, being
April 2nd, and was buried in 'Y orcester cathedral on the 27th April.
C Elizabeth, the eldest child of Edward IV. by Elizabeth 'Yoodville his wife, was
heiress of the house of York. She was born at 'Yestminster on the 11th Fe bnlary,
1466, and died on her thirty-seventh birthday in the Tower of London, haying been
delivered of a daughter on the second of the same month, who died soon after its
mother.
d This Society, anciently denominated" Taylorß and Linen-Armorers," was incor-
porated by letters patent of 5 Edward IV. 1466. But many of the members being
great merchants, and Henry VII. a member thereof, he for their greater honour re-
incorporated the same in 1503, ùy the Dame of "The :l\Iaster and 1Yardens of the
l\Iercbtìnt Taylors of the Fraternity of St. John the Baptist in the City of London."
-:l\Iaitland's " History of J..ondon."

[A.D. ] 50.3.]
[Anno Reg. 20.]

A.D. 1505-9.

[A.D. 1506. J
[Anno Heg. 21.J

[A.D. 1507.]
[Anno Reg. 23.]

[A.D. 1509.]
[Anno Reg. 24.]

6

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

march ante taylor, and another Roger Grove, grocer, who at length
was admitted for one of the sheriffes. a

HENRICI,TII. Anno 21.
This yeare a great parte of the cittie of Norwich was burnt, and
tl1e to,vne of Berkwaye b more then halfe burnt. ..AJlso a great
fieI' in l,ondon betwene tl1e Custollle Howsse and Billinsgate, that
did great hurte.

HENRICI V II. Anno 23.
This yeare, about the latter ende of J anuarye, the l{inge of Casten
and his wife C ,vere driven into Englande, d and had here great
cheare. The liing was lllade l{night of the Garter at \Yindsore. e

HENRICI VII. Anno 24.
This yeare, in Aprill, died l{ing Henry the 'TIlth at Richmond; f
and his sonne I\:ing Henry the VIII. was proclaymed Iiinge on St.
Georges daye g 1508 [1509J, in the same moneth. And in June
followinge the Iiing ,vas ]llarried to Queene l{atherin, late .wife
of his brother h Prince Arthure, and were both crowned on l\1id-
sommer day}

a The two sheriffs chosen for the year 1505 were Richard Shore and Roger Grove.
b Berkwey in Arnold, probably Berkeley in Gloucestershire.
C Archduke Philip and his wife Juana, who, by the death of her mother Isabella,
was now Queen of Castile.
d For a full account of the anival of the Archduke Philip, and his entertainment
whilst in England, see :MS. I-larleian. Cod. 540, fol. 60-66, and Cod. 543, fol. 140.
e The English monarch invested Philip with the order of the Gmter at \Vindsor,
and the latter made him and Prince Henry Knights of the Golden .Flcece.
f At the ncw palace, on the 21st April, 1509.
g \Ve should here read St. George's Eve,
2nd April, 150g, from which day Henry
VIII. reckoned his regnal years. Stow, however, says that Henry was not proclaimed
till the 24th.
h At Greenwich, on Trinity Sunday, June the 3rd.
i For the account of Henry's coronation with his quecn, Katharine, see }.IK
Harleian. H)!), Art. 7.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VIII. a Anno 1.
The coronation of l{inge Henrie the Eight, which ,vas the 24th
of June, A.D. 1509.
This yeare, Prince HenTie, the l{ings first sonne, was borne at
Richmonde on Ne'we Yeares daye,b and on St. l\lathie's day C after
the saide Prince died, and was buried at Westminster.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 2.
This yeare, in August, Sir Richard Empson d and Edmund
Dudley 'were beheaded at the Tower Hill. e
Two heretiques burned in Smithfield on St. Luke's day.c
HENRICI VIII. Anno 3.
This yeare the Regent of England, a shippe, and a carike of
France, ,vere burnt in Bristowe haven,g and Sir Tholnas J{nyvett in
her ,vith all his men.

ø. In consequence of the erroneous idea that the Kings of England always ascended
the throne immediately on the decease of the preceding sovereign, some authorities
make the regnal years of Henry VIII. to commence on the 21st April, 1509, the
day of his father's decease, but it is clearly established, as shown by Sir Harris
Nicolas, that they ought to be computed from the day following, viz. April 22. The
years in the text, however, are computed from Lord 11ayor's day.
b On the 1st January, 1510.
C Or rather St. ]\:Iathias' eve, February 23. Hall, however, says that this Prince
died on "the 22 .Feb. being the Even of Saint
Iathy," which would seem to show
that St.l\fathias' day was sometimes kept on the 23rd, instead of the 24th February,
in which case our text is correct.
d In 118. incorrectly written Sir Thomas Empson, which mistake is also made by
Arnold.
e In MS. this and the preceding entry have been accidentally transposed.
f October 18.
g This engagement, one of the most striking recorded in the annals of the English
navy, was fought off Brest Harbour on the 10th August, 1512, in which the Regent, a
first-class English vessel, commanded by Sir Thomas Rnyvett,
laster of the Horse,
and the French vessel Cordeliere, commanded by.Primanget, called by the English
chroniclers Sir Piers l\Iorgan, were blown np with the loss of all their men. Hall's
Chronicle, pp. 534-5. A letter of Wolsey, describing the loss of the Regent, may be
seen in l\fS. Cotton. Vitel. B. ii. p. 180.

7

A.D. 1509-11.
[Anno Reg. 1.]
[A.D. 1510.]

[Anno Reg. 2.]

. [A.D. 1512.]
[Anno Reg. 3.]

A.D. 1512-13.
[Anno Reg. 4-.]
A subsidie grawnted
to the Kinge.

[A.D. 1513.]
[Anno Reg. 5.]

8

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICl VIII. Anno 4.

This yeare, at a Parlelnent kept at vV estminster, a was grawnted
to the I{inge t,vo fifteens and [four] b dimes, and head money c for
everie man; for a Duke 10 markes, for an Earle 5l., for a Lorde
4l., a knight 4 marks, and so after lower degrees; he that might
spend 408. to pay 12d.; and everie man was valued that was 'worth
in goodes 800l. to pay 4 l11arks, 400l. 4 nobles, 200l. 2 nobles, 40l.
a noble, 20l. to pay 40d., and everie man valued worth 408. ['wages ] d
to pay 12d., and servantes, prentises, weOlnen, and all other [of 15
years and upwards] d to pay 4d. a peece.

HENRICI \TIIl. Anno 5.

This yeare, on the Assension Even,e Edmonde de la Pole f was
beheaded on To'wer Hill.g
This yeare aIlso, on the day of th' Exaltation of the Crosse,h Te
Deum was sungen in Paules Churche for the victorie of the Scottishe
feild, where I{ing J amys of Scotland \vas slayne. i The I{ing of

a This Parliament was convoked for the 4th Feb. 1511-2, but was subsequently
prorogued to the 4th November, which would be in the fourth year of Henry's reign.
b Supplied from Stow and Arnold, but Hardyng's Chronicle says two dismes, or
tenths.
c This term generaUy signifies a poU-tax, but it is here evidently used for an
assessed or property tax.
d Supplied from Stow.
e 1Ve should here read 11ay Even as in Arnold and Stow; Ascension Even in
1513 feU on l\lay 4th, wnereas the Duke was executed on the 30th April, 1513.
f Edmund de la Pole, son of John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, was nephew of
Edward IV. and brother of the Earl of Lincoln who was slain at the battle of Stoke;
his other brother, Richard de la Pole, called the 'Vhite Rose, was afterwards slain
before the city of Pavia, in 1525.
g The warrant for his execution had been signed by Henry VII. on his death-bed,
but was delayed to be put in execution by Henry VIII. till this year.
h 14th of September.
I James IV. of Scotland was slain at the battle of Floddcll Ficld, on tlJe !)th
September, 1513.

'VRIOTllESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

9

England that tyme lyenge at seege before Turney a in France, and A.D. 151H-1!}.
,van it and Turwyn b also. [A.D. 1514.]
A Parlell1ent kept at 'Vestminster,C where was graunted to the A subsidie of 6d. in
I\:ing of all men's goodes 6d. in the po'wnde. A peace behvene the the pownde.
King and French I(ing duringe both their lives; and the Ladie

Iarie, sister to the I\:ing, married to the French I\:ing,d at Abireld,e
in Picardye, in October.c

HENRICI VIII. Anno 6.
This yeare on l\lunday, the 4th of December, Richarde flunn, [Anno Reg. 6.]
taylor, of London, ,vas hanged in the Lo,vlardes Tower at Powles. .
lIe was made an heretique for suinge a PrænHl1dre against Dr. Hunn slaYlle in Low.
lards tower.
Fitz-James, Bishopp of London, and Dr. IIorsey, his Chauncellor;
and they saide he hanged himselfe, but it was fownde contrarie.
His bodie ,vas burnt in Smithfeilde, on the even of St. Thomas
th' Apostle next followinge. g [A.D. 1.313.]
The French I{ing died,h and a new peace concluded with the

ø. TOl1rnay, the capital of the Tournaisis, an(l one of the most ancient towns of
Belgium, contained at this period about 80,000 inhabitants.
b Terouenne surrendered to Henry on the 23rd August, 1513.
c This paragraph has been misplaced in 1\18. before the preceding; the Parliament
did not meet till the 3rd January, 1514.
d The Princess l\1ary was in her seventeenth year, and her husband Louis XII., to
whom she was third wife, in his fifty-fourth year.
e At AbbevilIe, in Picardy. From which place l\1ary, three days after her
marriage, wrote letters to her hrother and Wolsey.
f The marriage ceremony had been previously celebrated at Greenwich IJY proxy,
but was not consummated till Octoher
Hh. For fuller particulars, see Ellis's
Original Letters, First and Secoml Series.
g AnlOld's version is as follows: "This yere, in Octobre, one Richard Hoone,
awellyng in the parysh of Saynt Margaret in Brydge 8tret, was n.ppefl,ched of
heresy, and put into the Lollar's Tower, at Powles, and therin was founde llaugyd in
prison, whereupon grete exdamacyon was amonge people, how, hy whom, or 1)y what
meane, he was hangyd; the dowt was denyù by the temporall 1awe, and was sayd that
one Kok Charls, a sumner, and the Bell Uynge of Powles, sholde, in a nyght, hang
the
ayd Hoone; howe be it, aftyr he was hanged, he was jugyd an heretyck by tho
spiritualllawe, and burnpl in Smythfcld."
h Louis XII. died 1st January, 1515.
CAl\ID. SOC. C

A.D. 1515-17.

luke of SufIolke
laried to the Frcnch

ueene, the King's
stcr.

[A.D. 1516.]
[Anno Reg. 7.]
:irthe of the Ladie
[arye.

[A.D. 1517.]
[Anno Reg. 8.]
. great frost, that
leu and we omen
cnt on Thems.

10

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

I\"inge and Francis,a that tyrne new made I\:ing of Fra.nce. And the
Ladie l\Iarye, French Queene, ,vas grawnted her dowrie to be
brought into England, and ,vas suffred to have aU her goodes and
riches. The Duke of Suffolke, ,vith Sir Richard 'Vingfeilde and
Dr. "rest, and other, sent into France as ambassadors. b A con-
clusion was made that the saide Duke was ,veddid to the saide
Lady l\larie in France,c and thereupon earn over into Englande,
and with them brought over all thinges after their mynde. d

HENRICI VIII. Anno 7.
This yeare the Ladie l\Iarie, Princes, was borne at Greenewich,
in Februarie. e The I{ing of Spayne died. The Queene of Scottes,
sister to the I{inge, came porelie out of Scotland to the J{inge, f
and was richlye receaved, and rode thorowe London.

HENRIC! VIII. Anno 8.
This yeare a great frost began the 12 day of Januarie g in suche
wise that no bote might goe betwixt London and 'Vestminst.er

ø. The Duke of Valois, who succeeded under the title of Francis I., renewed the
alliance with Hcnry.
b Charles Brandon, Dukc of Suffolk, Sir Richard 1Yingfield, and Dr. 'Yest, "with
a goodly bande of yeomen, all in black" (saJs Hall), had been sent in embassy to
Paris to negociate a settlement of the ex-queen's dower.
C It had been arranged that the Duke should conduct the ex-queen back to
England, and there have married her, but (says Stow) "for doubt of change he
man-ied her secretly at Paris, as was said;" it is now ascertained that such was
the fact. and that the Duke was reproved for it by Wolsey, a draught of whose
lcttcr is still extant; as is also a letter of
lary to her brother, Henry VIII., taking
the blame on herself.
d The French Chroniclers assert that
lary brought over with her into England
jewcls, plate, and tapestry belonging to Louis XII. to the value of 200,000 crowns,
besides a great diamond called "le miroir de Naples."
e February 18th.
f ]'Iargaret, Queen dowager of Scotland, the King's eldest sister, being forced by
a faction to fly to England, passed through London on her way to the court at
Greenwich in :\lay 1516.
g This season was likewise remarkable for a great drought, " for there fell no rain

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

11

all the terlne tyme. And froln \Vestminstcr to Lam beth ,vas a A.D. 1517.
common way over the Themms upon the ise. [Anno Reg. !}.]
This yeare, on Thursday, the last day of Aprill, there ,vas an Evill1\Iay day in
. . f d . . L d A d I London
InsurrectIon 0 yonge men an aprentIses In ,on on. a n t 1e .
l\lunday after, beiuge the 4 of l\Iaye, there ,vas brought from the
Tower of London to the Guyld-hall 54 persons,b and there were
indited. And the Inorrowe after a 11 persons were judged to
death; fower of them to be hanged, dra wne, and their bowells brent,
and then quartered, which ,vas so done; one of them at Blanck
Chappeltone,c another at Leaden Hall, and two at the StaudeI'd in
Cheepe. And the other 7 were hanged on other gallo,ves \v hich
,vere sett up in divers places within the Cittie of London.
This yeare the Turk ,varred upon the Sowdan,d and sle\ve hilll
and one hundred thowsand men. e And the countrie made a new
Sowdan.
The 14 day of 1\fay the I\:inge satt in the ICinges Benche in
'VestIninster Hall, and there was brought before him all the
prisoners \vhich caIne from the Tower of London/ in their shirtes
,vith halters aboute their neckes, and there the l\:ing pardoned
them, and the l\Iajor and citizens also ,vhich ,vcre there present in
their liveries.

to be accounted of from the beginning of Septeml)er till :May in the following year,
so that, in some places, men weæ fain to drive their cattle three or four miles to
water."-Stow, ed. Howes, p. 505.
a A fuller account of this uprising of the London Apprentices will be found ill
Hall and Stow.
b 278 prisoners were arraigned before the Commissioners at Guildhall, of whom
13 were capitally executed.-IIall.
C Blanchc-Chapelton, i. e. 'Vhitechapel.
d The l\iamaluke Sultan of Egypt.
C In a battle fought near Aleppo by Selim.
f This event is more fully related by Arnold, who says, that, on the 16th l\Iny,
330 nU'n and 11 women were bound in ropes, and led with cords from Guildhall to
'Vestminstcr, the Sheriff
waiting on them, and every prisoner" a peyr of bedys in
ther handy
," and in the King's Street in Westminster were stripped to their shirts
and halters placed about their ncrks.

A.D. 1518.
[Anno Reg. 10.J
The comminge of the
legate to make the
Lord CardinalÏ
legatt. a

12

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 10.
This yeare, on a Thursday, the 29th day of Julie, a legat b came
from the Pope, and ,vas receaved into London at after-noone. And
there receaved him at the Black. Heath the Bishop of Durrhan1,
the Bishop of Ely, the Duke of Northfolke,c with divers other great
Iordes and knightes, and all the orders of friers, channons, moncks
of Stratforde and Tower Ilill, with all parsons and pÚestes of all
the parishc churches in London, stoode all in coopes w.ith crosses,
candlestickes, and sensors, from St. Georges barre in South wark
to Leaden IIall corner. And ever as the legatt passed by them
they sensed him; and so was he receaved thorowe the Cittie; he
l1avinge borne before hiln 2 pillers of sylver and guylt, and he
hiulselfe ridinge in redd chamlett, d ,vith his cardinalls hatt on his
heade, and the 1\Iajor and Aldermen, with all the crafts of the
Cittie, standinge in Cheepe-syde in their best liveries. And when
he can1e before the 1\Iajor and Aldernlen yonge 1\Ir. 1\10re made
there to him a proposition for the Cittie,e and so he rode t110rO\Ve
Pnules Churche yeard. And when he came at the ,vest dore of
Powles the Bishop of London,! ,vith all Powles quier, receaved
him with procession in copes of cloth of golde, and a riche canopie
of cloth of golde borne over his heade, and so brough t him to the
highe alter, where he saide his devotions and offered; and that done,
he roùe to the Bishopp of Bathes place at Tenlple barre, which
was prepared for him, and so there ,remayned.
fl This is the first instance in which our Chronicler gives a much fuller account of
the proceedings than is to be found in Arnold's Chronicle, which ends in the year
following.
b Cardinal Campeggio, called also Laurence Campeius.
c Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, had the title of Duke of Norfolk restored to
him for the great victory gained by him at Flodden, 1513, Sept. 9.
d 'Vhilst delaying at Calais for the return of the papal bull \V olsey had supplied
him witb red cloth to clothe his servants, who, at their first coming, were but meanly
apparelled.-IIall, ed. 1809, p. 5!)2.
e Sir Thomas .More madc a brief oration to him in the Dame of the City.-Hall's
Chronicle, ed. I80!), p. 5!)3.
r Uichard Fitz-J ames.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

13

IIENRICI VIII. Anno 12.

This yeare, on Fridaye before. 'Vhitsonday, beinge the 17 day
of J\Iaye, Edward Duke of Buckinghalll a "\}"as beheaded at Tower
Hill.

A.D. 1521-2.
[Anno Reg. 13.]

HENRICI VIII. Anno 13.

This yeare th' Elnperoure Charles b came into England, and was ., [A.D. 1522.]
receaved into the cittie of London the Thursdaye before 'Vhit- [Anno Reg. 14.]
sunda y C at afternoone the l{in g e and he ridin g e both together in The comminge of the
, .. Emperoure.
one liverey; and there were diverse pagents made in divers places of
the Cittie; and all the freel's, priestes, and clerkes, standinge in
copes, with crosses, sensures, and candlesticks, frolll the bridge Foote
to the crosse in Cheepe; and all the craftes, with the Major d and
Aldenllen, standinge in their liveries; and the King, with all the
nobles of the realme, brought him to his pallace at Bride,vell,e
where he continued three dayes, and after went to Greenewich/
where was great justs, banquetts, with other goodlye pastymes.
And, after, the J{ing conveyed hilTI to the sea side to passe into
Spayne,g which was his intent.

a Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, was restored in 1486 by Henry VII. to
his honours and estates. He commanded the select guard of Henry VIII. in the
battle of the SPill'S. 1513, but his observation, that the" Field of the Cloth of Gold"
entailed ruin on the English nobles, so irritated the King that he determined on his
ruin. It is also asserted that the King was jealous of his descent from Thomas of
Woodstock and Edward III.
b This was the second visit o
the Emperor Charles V. to England.
c This would be June 5, but IIolinshed and Stow both say June 6, being Friday.
d Sir John l\filborne.
C The Emperor was lodged at the Black Fryars, and all his nobles in the new
builded house of Bridewell.-Stow, p. 516.
f This should probably be Windsor, as the Emperor's entertainment at Greenwich
was previous to his reception in London.
g He embarked at Southampton in his great fleet, and in ten days arrived in
Spain.

A.D. 1524-5.
[Anno Reg. 15.]
Persons putt to death
for treason.

14

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 15.
This yeare there were three persons, viz. Charles, sometyme
master of the l{inges henchmen, and one Pickeringe, sometyme of
the I\"ings bakeho,vse, and one Thomas, a servinge man, latelie
come from the Rhodes,a which were drawne to Tiburne, and there
hanged, their bowells brent afore them, and after quartered, their
heades sett on London bridge, and their quarters hanged at divers
gates of the Cittie, which persons made an insurrection in Coven-
tree. b

HENRICI VIII. Anno 16.
[A.D. 1525.] This yeare, the 9th day of J\1:arche,c tidinges were brought to the
[Anno Reg. 16.] J{inge that Francis, the French l{ing, was taken prisoner before the
The takinO' of the .:- f P . . I I . b h D k f B b f . 1
French Ki
geprisoner cIttIe 0 aVle, In ta Ie, y t e u e 0 ur on, capteyn 0 tIe
in Pavye. Emperoures hoste,d and 14,000 French 111en slayne at the saIne
feild.
And the Archbishop of Yorke, cardin all and legatt de laterc,
songe lllasse the SaITIe tyme in Paules churche, in his" pontifica-
libus," e and 11 bishopps and abbotts, ,vith their miters, beinge
present, the Duke of N orthfolke and the Duke of Suffolke, with
all the nobles of the realme. And the saide Cardinall gra,vnted the
saIne to all Inanner of persons, beinge within the precinct of the
churche in the tyme of the lllasse, plenary remission of their synnes,
à pænâ et culpá; and, after masse, Te Deum was sunge for the
a The Isle of Rhodes, which was this year taken by the Turks.
b The account of this conspiracy is more circumstantially related in Hall's
Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 673.
c Francis I. was made prisoner on the 24th February.
d Charles Duke of Bourbon, Constable of France, being persecuted by Francis 1.
for refusing to marry Louisa of Savoy, the French King's mother, sought the
protection of the Emperor Charles V. by whom he was appointed his lieutenant in
Ital y.
e After 'Volsey had been invested by Pope Leo X. with the solc l('g
ttinc power in
England, he was wont to say maS:::. on statc occasions aftcr thc manncr of the Pope
himself.

...

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

15

sayde victorie,a the
fajor,b Aldermen, with the head craftes of the
cittie standingc in the bodie of the churche in theyr liveries; and
that night great fiers were made in divers places of the cittie, with
vessells of ,vyne at everie fier for the people to drincke.

A.D. 1525-9.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 18.

This yeare, in November, the Kinge enhaunsed his coyne,C that [A.D. 1526.]
is to saye, the riall at 11 8 3 d , the angell 7 8 6 d , the halfe riall and [Anno Reg. 18.]
halfe angell after the rate; allso he made a ne,v coyne which was Coyne enhaunsed.
a George noble at 6 8 8 d , and a crowne of the duble rose at 58, and
valued an ownce sylver fyne sterlinge at 3 8 Sd; and allso made new
grotes and halfe grotts after the rate.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 20.

This yeare, in August 1529, Thomas 'V olsey, legatt de latere, [A.D. 152Ð.]
Cardinall and Archbishopp of Yorke, was taken d at Yorke Place in [Anno Reg. 21.]
"T estminstre and all his g OO des were seased into the l{in g es handes.e CardinalI Wolsey
, deposed.
and he deprived from the Chauncellorshipp of Englande, for certayne

a The victory gained by the Imperialists over the French before Pavia so changed
the aspect of affairs on the continent that Henry at first entertained a project for
i:u vading France, and asserting his claim to that crown.
b Sir John Allen.
c By reason of the good weight and low valuation of the English coin, merchants
daily carried over great store, because the same was much enhanced there; so that to
meet with this inconvenience, as it was said, proclamation was made ill the month
of September, the sixth day, throughout England, that the angel should go for
78. 4d., the royal for lIs., and the crown for 48. 4d. And, on the 5th of Npvember
following, again by proclamation, the angel was enhanced to 78. Gd., and so every
ounce of gold should be 458., and an ounce of silver at 3.
. 9d. in value.-Stow,
p. 526.
d 'V olsey was ordered to quit his palace of York Place, and retire to his house at
E
her.

Wolsey's personal estate was valued at half a million of crowns; this immense
sum he transferred by deed to the King, "his gracious master," only praying to be
allowed to retain hi
rank and property in the Church.

A.D. 1529-31.

Sir Thomas
fore
Chauncellor of
Englande.

[A.D. 1530.]
[Anno Reg. 22.]

Death of the
CardinalI.

[A.D. 1531.]
[Anno Reg. 23.]

16

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

articles of treason a alledged [to have been cOlnmittedJ b by hinl
againste the I\:inge and the realme.
And this yeare, in October 1529, Sir Thomas l\Iore, Chauncellor
of the Dutchie, was Inade Chauncellor of Englande, and sworne in
the Chauncerie the first day of l\lichaellmasse terme; the Duke of
N orthfolke and the Duke of Suffolke leadinge him thorowe \\.. est-
Ininster Hall up into the Chauncerie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 21.

This yeare, the rnorrowe after Simon and Jude, C which was the
1\1ajors feast, there dyned in the Guylde hall at the said feast the
Lorde Chauncellor of Englande, the Duke of Northfolke, the Duke
of Suffolke, and 9 Earles and a BiEhopp, sit tinge all at one table,
p
epared in the lVlajors courte in the Guyld hall, and two other
side tables sittinge with lordes and knightes.
This yeare, on the even of St. Andrewe, d the Cardinall, Thomas
'V olsey, died at Leicester, cominge to London to his indictn1ent,e
and there is buried in Our Ladies Chappell. Some reeken he killed
himselfe with purgations. f

HENRICI VIII. Anno 22.

This yeare was one burnt at l\faidestone for heresie, and one
Bylney,g a priest, disgraded and burnt at Norwich for heresie.

a He was convicted of transgressing the statute of præmunire by exercising the
powers of legate.
b These words have evidently been accidently omitted in
IS.
c October 29.
d November 29.
e The Cardinal had been arrested by the Earl of Northumberland on a charg('
of high treason at Cawood, near York, on the 4th of November.
f Wolsey is generally believed to have died of dysentery at Leicester Abbey, on
the third day of his journey, about 8 o'clock in the morning of the 2Uth of November,
being in the sixtieth year of his age. He was buried at midnight, without any
solemnity, in Our I.Jady Chapel in the chu1'l.h of that monastery.

Thomas llilney, Bachelor of Loth Laws, was burnt on the 16th August, 153].

"'RIOTHESLEY'S CHROXICLE.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 23.

17

This yeare, in November, on St. Edmonds day,a there was one b
convict of heresie which ,vas some tyme a moncke in St. Edmonds-
burie, and was disgraded in Po,vles by the Bishop of London of A priest disgraded
the orders of priesthoode, and so delivered to the Sheriffes of London; and burnt.
and the 4th day of December followinge he was burnt in Slnyth-
feilde.
This yeare l\Ir. Risse C ,vas beheaded at Tower hill, and one that
was his servante was dr
nYne from the l.'ower of London to Tiburne,
where he was hanged, his bowells burnt, and his bodie quartered.
This yeare was a purser of London burnt in Smythfeilde for Two brent for heresie.
]1eresie, ,"vho bare a fagott at Powles Crosse the yeare afore.
The last day of Aprill, 1532, one Baynam, a gentleman, was
burnt in Smythfeild for heresie.

THE CORONATION OF ANNE BULLEYN.

l\lemorandum: the 12th day of Aprill, Anno Domini 1533, beinge
Easter eaven, Anne Bulleine, l\Iarques of Pelnbroke,d was pro-
cJaYlued Queene at Greenewych, and offred that daie in the I\:inges
Chappell as Queene of Englande. e
And the 'Vednesdaie before the good Queene Katherin twas

8 November 20.
b Bayfield.
c "Griffeth Rise beheaded for treason."-Fabyan's Chronicle.
d Anne Boleyn was raised to the dignity of 1\Iarchioness of Pembroke on Sunday,
September 1st, 1532, at 'Vindsor Castle, an honour which had never before been
conferred on any unmarried female.
e She had been some months previously married to Henry VIII. in great privacy
by Dr. Rowland Lee, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, hut whether the
marriage took place, as Sanders says, November 14th, 1532, on their arrival at Dover
from France, or was deferred, as Cranmer supposed, to Junuary 2.3th, 1533, sttH
remains uncertain.
f The general opinion in England was distinctly adverse to the divorce. See
Calendar of State Papers preserved in the Archives of Venice, vol. hr. 1.')32-3.
CAl\I D. SOC. D

A.D. 1531-3.

[A.D. 1532.]
[Anno Reg. 24.]

[A.D. 1533.]

18

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1533. deposed at IIanthill a by the Duke of Norfolke, the Duke of Suffolke,
my Lord 1\1arques of Exceter, lny Lorde of Oxfordc, Lord Chamber-
laine of the I\:inges ho,vse, 1\11'. Treasorer and 1\lr. Contro,vler of
the I\.:inges ho,vse. . And from that c1aie after to be cal1ed Ladie
ICathcrin, 'wife of Prince Arthur, dowarie of Englande,b she to
have by yearelie pencion for her dowarie eight thousand poundcs
sterlinge.
[Anno Reg. 25.] l\Iemorandum, Thursdaie, the 29th daie of l\Iaie, 1533, Ladie
Anne, l\larques of Pelnbroke, ,vas receaved as Queene of Englande
by all the Lordes of Englande. c .A.nd the J\Iajor d and Aldermen,
,vith all the craftes of the Cittie of London, went to Greenewych in
their barges after the best fa
hion, with a barge also of Batchlers of
the l\Iajors crafte rytchlie behangec1 ,vith cloath of golde and a
foyst e to ,vayte on her. And so all the Lo1'des, the l\Iajo1', with
all the craftes of London, brought her by ,vater from Greenewych
to the Tower of London, and ther the l{inges grace receavcd her
at her landinge; and then were shott at the Towre above a thousand
gunnes, besides other shotts that were shott at L Yll1ehowse, and in
other shipps lying in the Th an1111 es. And the morrowe after being
Fridaie f their ,vere made divers ICnightes of the Bath.
And on Saturdaie, the last daip. of l\laie, shee rode from the

a Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, to which place Queen Katharine retired while the
'1 u ('stion of her divorce was under discussion. This castle had been erected by Lord
Fanhol)e, and reverted with the manor to the Crown in the reign of Edward IV., by
whom it was conferred on Lord Grey of Rnthin, Earl of Kent, from whose
descendants it passed again to the Crown about 1530, and became a palace of
Henry VlII.
b Princess Dowager of 'Vales, which designation was displeasing to the ex-queen,
who refused to resign herself to the judgment passe(l. She went so far as to
obliterate with her own pen the words" Princess Dowagcr" wherever they had becn
written by her Chamberlain, :Mountjoy, in his report to the King.
c Anne Boleyn was descended through both parents from the royal stock of King
Edward I.; paternallJ, from Elizabeth, daughter of that monar('h, and, maternally,
from Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of the same King.
d Sir Stephen Pecorke.
(' A light and fa
t-sni1illg ship. f )\Iny 30.

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

19

Towre of London thro\ve the Cittie,a with a goodlie cOlnpanye of A.D. 15ß3.
Lordes, ICnightes, and Gentlemen, with all the Peares of the Reahne,
rytchlie apparailed, and also eightene J{nightes of th
Bath newlic
Inade, ridinge in blewe go\vnes \vith hoodes on their sholders
. purfeled \vith white, and ,vhite laces of silke knitt on the left
sholders of their gownes. Ancl she herself riding in a rytch chariott
covered ,vith cloath of silver, and a rich canapie of cloath of silver
borne over her heade by the fower Lordes of the Portes,b in go,vnes
of scarlett, and fo,ver chariotts, with ladies follo,vingc after her
rytchlic behanged; and also divers other ladies and gc n tlewonlen
riding on horsebacke aU in gownes Inade of crynlson vel vett; and
their ,vas divers pageants made on skaffoldcs in the Cittie; and all
the craftes standing in their liveries everie one in order, the l\Iajor
and Aldermen standinge in Cheepeside; and ,vhen she Calne
before them the TIecorcler of London Inade a goodlie preposition
to her, and then the l\Iajor C gave her a purse of cloath of golde,
,vith a thousand 111arkes of angell nobles in it, for a prescnte for the
whole bodie of the Cittie; and so the Lordes brought her to the
Palace at "T estminster, and their left her that night.
l\Iell1orandum, the first daie of J une,d Queene Anne ,vas brought
from 'Vestminster IIaIl to the AbbeyofSainct Peeter's with procession,
all the rnonkes of "r estlninster going in rytch copes of golde with
13 abbotts nlitred; and after thell1 all the I\:inges Chappell in rych
copes with fower bnshopps and to\V archbishopps mittred, and all
the Lordes going in their Perli
tlnent roabes,e and the crowne borne

x The City on this occasion appears to have been ùecorated in a more sumptuous
manlier than at any time herctofore.-1Iaitland's "History of Lonùon," p. 138.
b Cinque Ports.
C Accorùing to Stow, it was
1:aster Baker, the Recorder of I.Jondon, who presented
to Anne Boleyn the City purse, containing one thousand marks of gold.
d 'Vhitsunday. Compare thi;:, with the account of the receiving and coronation of
Anne Boleyn in :MS. Harleian. Cod. 41, arts. 2-5, and 118. IIarleian. 543, fol. 119.
e Henry's first wife, Katharine of Aragon, was crowned with him, and a mag-
nificent ceremony was ordaincd for her
uccessful rival Anne Boleyn, but none of
the other wives of Henry were honoured with a coronation.

20

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1533. afore her by the Duke of Suffolke, and her tow scepters by tow
Earles, and she herself going under a rytch canapie of cloath of
golde, apparailed in a kirtell of crymson velvett powdred with
ern1yns, and a robe of purple velvett furred with powdred ermines
over that, and a rich cronett with a call a of pearles and stones on
her hedde, and the olde Dutches of Xorfolke b bearing upp her
traine in a robe of scarlett ,vith a cronett of golde on her bonett,
and the Lorde Boroughe, C the Queenes Chamberlaine, staying the
traine in the middes; and after her tenne ladies füllo,ving in robes
of scarlett furred ,vith enuins and rounde cronettes of golde on
their heades; and next after theirn all the Queenes maides in
gownes of scarlett edged with ,vhite lettushe furre; and so was shee
brought to Sainct Peeters Church at Westn1inster, and their sett in
her seate riall, which was made on a high scaffolde before-the highe
aulter; and their shee was anoynted and crowned Queene of
Englande by the Archbishopp of Canterberie d and the Arch-
bishoppe of Yorke, and so sate crowned in her seate riall all the
masse, and ofrred also at the said Iliasse; 'and the masse donne, they
departed everie Ilian in their degrees to vVestminster Hall, she
going stiH under the cannapie crowned with to we septers in hir
handes, my Lorde of "\Vilshire, her father,e and the Lorde Talbott f
leadinge her, and so theire dynned; wheras was Inade the 1110st
honorable feast that hath beene seene.
The great hall at ".,.. estlninster was rytchlie hanged with rych

a A caul was a kind of net in which womcn inclosed their hair.
b Grandmother of Anne Boleyn, being widow of Thomas Howard, Duke of
Norfolk, whose daughter Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Boleyn, afterwards Earl of
'Viltshire, the father of Anne.
c Thomas, Lord Burgh of Gainsborough.
d In Sir Henry Ellis's Collection of Original Letters occm's a very interesting
letter written by Cranmer to the English ambassador at the Emperor's court, giving
his own account of the pronouncing of sentence on Katharine and of the coronation
of Anne Boleyn.
e Anne Boleyn's father had been created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond on the
8th December, 152!).
f As deputy for his father, the Earl of Shrewsbury.

WIUOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

cloath of Arras, and a table sett at the upper ende of the hall, going
upp twelve greeses,a where the Queene dyned; and a rytch cloath of
estate hanged over her heade; and also fower other tables alongest
the hall; and it was rayled on everie side, frorn the highe deasse in
\Vestminster Hall to the scaffold in the church in the Abbay.
And when she ,vent to church to her coronation their was a
raye cloath,b blew, spreed from the highe desses C of the I\:inges
Benche unto the high alter of \Vestminster, wheron she wente.
And ,vhen the Queenes grace had washed her handes, then came
the Duke of Suffolke, IIigh Constable that daie and stewarde of
the feast, ryding on horsebacke rytchlie apparailed and trapped,
and ,vith him, also ridinge on horsebacke, the Lorde 'Villialn
Ho,varde as deputie for the Duke of N orfolke in the romth d of the

Iarshall of Englande, and the Queenes service e following them
with the Archbishopps, a certaine space bet,vene ,vhich was
borne f all by knightes, the Archbishopp sitting at the Queenes
borde, at the ende, on her left hande. g The Earle of Sussex ,vas
se,ver, the Earle of Essex carver, the Earle of Darbie cuppbearer,
the Earle of Arrondell butler, the Viscount Lisle pantler, the Lord
Gray alnloner.
Att one of the fo,ver tables sate all the noble ladies all on one side
of the hall, at the second table the noble rnen, at the thirde table the

Iajor of London h ,vith the Aldcnnen. att the fo\verth table the
Barons of the Fortes with the l\lasters of the Chauncerie. The
goodlie dishes ,vith the delicate Ineates and the settles \vhich were
all gilt, with the noble service that daie done by great lTICn of the
Tcalme, the goodlie sweete armonie of minstrells with othcr thinges
were to long to expresse, ,vhich ,vas a goodlie sight to see and beholde.

a Steps or stairs, Latin gl'essus. b Striped cloth.
e Desks. d Room.
e Suite. f Occupied.
g Stow expressly states that Archbishop Craulller sat on the right hand of the
Queen at the table's enù. Ed. 1631, p. 567.
h Sir Stephen Pecocke.

21

A.D. 1533.

22

'VIUOTIlESLEY'S CHI-tONICLE.

A.D. 1:j33. And when shee had dined and washed her handes she stoodc a
while under the canopie of estate, and behelde throwghe the hall,
and then ,vère spices brought 'with other delicates, which \vere
borne all in great high plates of gold, wherof shee tooke a litle
refection, and the residue geavinge aillong the lordes and ladies;
and that donne she departed up to the \Vhite Hall, and their changed
her apparell, and so departed secreetlie by ,vater to Yorke Place,
,vhich is called \Vhite IIall, and their laie all night.
On the morro\ve after w'as great justes at the tilte donne by
eightene lordes and knightes, 'where was broken Inany speares
valiantlie, but some of their horses ,vould not COllie at their pleasure
nere the tilt, 'which ,vas great displeasure to SOlnme of then1 that
ranne; and, the justes donne, their was a goodlie banquett Inade to
all the lordes, ladies, and gentlernen in the Queenes Chalnber.
This yeare, on 1\1.idsollilner caven, died the French Queene,a
sister to the JCinge, anù wife to the Duke of Suffolke, and 'was
buried at Sainct Edn1011desburie in Suffolke.
Frith burned. This yeare, in Julie, on a Fridaie, one Frith, a servingn1an, a
great clearke in the Greeke and Latten tonge, was brent in Sn1Íth-
fielde, and a tailor of London \vith hilli.. for heresie. b
1\Iemorandulli, the vii th daie of Septet11 bel', 1533, being Sonndaie,
Queene Anne was brought to bedd of a faire daughter C at three of
the clocke in the after noune; II and the mOITO\Ve after, being the
daie of the Kativitie of Our Lallie, Te Ðeuln ,vas songe solernpnlie
at Powles, the l\Iajor and Aldermen being present, with the head
craftes of the Cittie of London.

a l\lary, sister to Henry VIII. and Queen Dowager of France, died at the manor
of 'Yesthorpe, in Suffolk, on the 23rd June, and was buried (July 22) at the
monastery of St. Edmondsbul'Y, where her corpse was found in a perfect state on
September 6th, 1784:, being 231 years after her interment.
b John Frith and Andrew Hewit, both Protestants; the former, a young man of
learning and piety, was condemned for his book against the doctrine of Purgatory
and his opinions on Transubstantiation.
c The Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of England.
d Between three and four of the clock at afternoon.-Stow, p. :';G!}.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

23

And the 'Vednesdaie next follo,vinge,a the Inost honorable yonge AD. 1533-4.
ladie was christened at Greene,vych b in the Friel's Church, all the Christni.nge of
I . . . I . the Lache
noble lordes and ladies doing service about the c lflstenIng In t leu Elizabeth.
offices -vJter their degrees, which ,vas a goodlie sight to see, and
their shee had geaven her to name Elizabeth; my Lord Thomas
Cranlner, Archbishopp of Canterberie, godfather; the old Dutches
e
of Northfolke,c ,vydo,ve, IllY Ladie l\Iarques of Dorcett, widowe,
godmothers at the fonte, and my Ladie l\Iarques of Exceter, god-
lllother at the bishoppinge; d and the morrowe after their was fiers
Inade in London, and at everie fire a vessell of wyne for people to
drinke for the said solempnitie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 25.
This yeare, on St. Clements day, the 23rd of Noveillber, beinge
Sunday, the Holie l\Iaide of ICent and two monckes, two frecres
observants, a priest, and two layrnen,e were brought frorn the
Tower of London to Paules Crosse, and there stood on a skaffolde
all the sermon tyme, where was declared by hiln that preached the
abuse of a Iniracle done on the saide Holye l\Iayde at our Ladie of
Courte U pstreet/ in ICent, by the craft of the sayde monckes, freeres,
and priest.
This yeare, on Tenebræ 'V eddensday, beinge the first day of [A.D. 1534.]

a September 10.
b Compare this with the account of the manner of the christening" of the Lady
]
lizabeth" in 1\1S. Har1eian. Cod. 543, fol. 128-30.
C The Dowager Duchess of Norfolk carried the infant, in a mantle of purple velvet,
with a long train furred with erñ1Îne.-Hall's " Chronicle," ed. 180U, p. 806.
d Immediately after the christening the Archbishop confirmed the infant princess,
the 1\Iarchioness of :Exeter being godmother.
e The abettors of Elizabeth Barton, called the IIoly l\Iaid of Kent, were Richard
1\1aster, priest, parson of Aldington, <'0. Kent, Edward Bockyng, D.D. monk of
Canterbury, Richard Deryng-, also monk of Canterbury, Edwftrd Thwaites, gentleman,
Thomas Laurence, registrar to the Archdcacon of Canterbury, Henry Gold, B.D:
parson of Aldermary (Alderbury?), Hugh Hiche, friar observant, Richanle lUsby,
and Thomft5 Gold, gentlemen.
f Court-at-Street, a hamlet in the parish of I.Jympne.

24

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1534. Aprill, 1534, one Alis Gray, and 'Volfe, an Esterlinge,a whieh she
saide ,vas her husbande, ,vere ledd fron1 N ewgate to the K eshe,
against Savoy on the Thames syde, and there ,vere hanged on
two gibbetts for Inurderinge of two straungers in a ,vherie in the
Thames about the same place where they ,vere hanged.
This yeare, the 20th day of Aprill, beinge l\lundaye, 1534, the
Ilolie l\laide of lCent, beinge a nun of Canterburie,b two munekes
of Canterburie of Christes Churche, one of them called Doctor
Bockinge, two gray freeres observantes, and a priest, ,vere dra\vne
from the Tower of London to TiLurn, and there hanged,C and after
cutt downe and their heades slnitten of, and two of their heades
were sett on London Bridge, and the other fûwer at diverse gates of
the cittie.
Allso the same day all the craftes in London ,vere caned to their
halls, and there ,vere s\vorne on a Looke to be true to Queene
,
Anne and to beleeve and take her for la wfull ,vife of the l{inge
and rightfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the
Ladie l\Iarie,d daughter to the ICinge by Queene JCatherin, but as a
bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience;
allso all the curates and priestes in London and thoroweout Englande
were all so sworne before the Lord of Canterhurie and other
Bishopps; and allso all countries in Englande ,vere s,vorne in
lykewise, everie man in the shires and to,vnes were they dwelled.
[Anno Reg. 26.J This yeare the Bishop of Rochester e and Sir Thomas l\1ore,

a A term applied to merchants trading to Germany and the Baltic, or natives of
those parts, as lying to the east of England.
b In the priory of St. Sepulchre.
c The persons executed were Elizabeth Burton, Richard :\Iaster, parson of
Aldington, Dr. Bocking, R:chard Dering, Henry Gold, a London minister, and
Hie hard Ris by.
d The Princess
Iary, who was no longer admitted to Court.
(' Dr. John Fisher, Chancellor of Cambridge University, and 1\Iaster of Queen's
College, was appointed to the
ee of Uochester 14th October, 1304; attainted
in Parliament December, ]534; made Cardinal };'j35; awl heheaded 22ml June,
] G35.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

25

sometYIIle Chauncellor of Englande,a were put into the Tower of A.D. 1534:.
London for nlisprisonne, b and there to relnayne at the ICinges
pleasure, but all the Bishopp of Rochesters goo des and bishopricke
,vere taken into the ICings handes. Allso diverse priestes, religiouse
lnen, and laymen, \vere sett in prison in the Tower of London
becausse they would not be sworne.
1\lemorandum: the Lord Dakers,c of the North Countrie, was
pechid of hig-he treason, and sett in prison in the Tower of London,
and all his goods and landes were seised into the ICinges handes,
which was great riehes, and the 9th of J ulye, 1534, he was
arreigned at 'Vestminstre, the Duke of Korthfülke sittinge then as
high judge,d and there he diseharged hilnselfe of aU that his accusers e
coulde alledge againste him, and so there he was quitt by a jurie of
Lordes, and by the lawe allso.
l\lemorandum, the 11th day of August, 1534, the freeres obser-
vantes of Greenwich and Richmonde were putt out of their places,
and all other plaees of the same order in Englande were aUso putt
downe by the ICinges comlnaundement. f
This yeare allso the Lord ICildaye g of Ireland ,vas putt in prison
in the 1"ower of London, and there died in prison in the moneth
of Septenlbre, and his sonne h made an insurreetion in Irelande, and

a More became Chancellor in 152D on the fall of Wolsey, but in
Iay 1532 was
deprived of the seals.
II For refusing to take the new oath of allegiance. It would appear that they did
not so much ubject to the part of the oath regulating the succession, as to the
doctrinal points involved.
C 'Villiam Dacre, third Lord Dacre, of the North.
d TIeing Lord High Steward.
e Sir Ralph Fenwick and Nicholas 1\Iusgrave, who brought in their false Scotes
for witnesscs.-Stow.
f In consequence of the presumption of Friars Peto and Elstow, who took upon
themselves to reprove the King for his conduct in the matter of the divorce of Queen
Katharine.
g Gerald Eitzg-erald, ninth Earl of IGldare. After having thrice filled the office
of Lord Deputy, he was accused of maladmillistmÛou in 1333, and committed to the
Tower of London, where he died of grief and confinement.
II Lord Thomas :Fitzgerald, aften\ards tenth Earl of Kildarr.
(' A
ID. SOC. E

A.D. 1534-5.

.,.

26

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

there the Bishoppe of Divelyn a was slayne. It was reported that
he was upon the coste of Englande cOlnminge out of lrelande,
and then the wynde turned, and so was dryven backe agayne to
lrelande, where he was taken by the Lord }Cildayes sonne and his
head stricken of froln the bodie, and after his bodie cutt in peeces,
and as many as were with him that would not turne to the Lord
I\:ildayes partie were slayne and his goodes taken and spoyled;
his name was Doctor Aleyne.
This yeare aIlso, in the beginninge of l\lichaellmasse terme,
:Thlr. Tholnas Cruln,vell ,vas made :Thiaster of the Rolles,b and tooke
his oathe in the Chauncerie the first day of the same terme.

HENRICJ VIII. Anno 26.

[A.D. 1535.] This yeare, at a Parliament holden at Westminster in Februarie,
was grawnted C to the l{inge and his heires for ever the first fruits
of all spirituall dignities and prolnotions fallinge after that day, and
allso the tenth parte of all spirituall promotions yearlie, to be payde
to the I\:inge and his heires for ever, and the ICing to be taken and
called snprmne heade of the Churche of Englande,d and so to be
,vritten in his style for ever with these wordes followinge: Henricus
Dei gratiâ Rex Angliæ et Franciæ, supremum caput ecclesiæ terræ
Anglicanæ, Defensor Fidei, &c.
AIlso it ,vas grawnted at the same Parliament a subsidie of 12d.
in the pownde, to be levied and taken of the Temporalltie. and to
be payde in two yeares next followinge, and in the third yeare a
fifteene and a tenth to be payde of the tell1poraIltie anso.
[Anno Reg. 27.J This yeare, the 28 of Aprill, 1535, being 'Veddensdaye, ,vera
arreigned at 'Vestminster in the ICings Benche (the Lord Chaun-

n John Allen, LL.D Archbishop of Dublin.
b Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex, K.G. was maùe :Master of the
Rolls, 8th October, 1534.
c Statute 26 lIenry VIII. cap. 3.
d See statutes 26 Henry VIII. cap. 1.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

cellor sittinge there as Highe Commissioner, with the moste parte of
the nobles of the realme and the judges allso) a three munckes of
the Charterhowsse, one beinge Prioure of the Charterhowsse in
London named l\lr. John IIoughton, another nmned :Th1r. Robarte
Lawrence,b prioure of a place in Lincolneshire, and sornetyn1c
chapleyn to the Duke of Korthfolke no\v being, and the third C
prioure of a place in Northamptonshire, and one, Richarde Reynold,d
a brother of the lnonasterie of Syon, and two priests aIlso, one
beinge Vicare of Thistle\vorth e in the shire of l\li<.ldlesex, and this
day were all endicted of highe treason against the I\:inge; and the
morrowe after, beinge the 29th of Aprill, all the saide persons
appeared there agayne, the Lords beinge agayne present; and there
their inditelnents being l'edd afore them, a jurie of esquiers and
gentlemen of :ThIiddlesex were sworne to passe on them, and in-
continent gave verditt of theln beinge guiltie of the same treason,
whereupon the Lorde Cheefe Justice of Englande gave .sentence on
thern, which was: that the saide muncks and priests should goe
frorn thence to the place they carne from, which was the To\ver of
London, and froIn thence to be drawen throughe London to
Tiburne, and there to be hanged, and beinge alyve cutt downe,
their Lowells to be brent afore thern, and then their heades to be
cutt of and theyr bodies to be quartered, and then their heades and
bodies to be sett at suche places f as the l{ing should assigne theln.
And the 4th day of l\Iay followinge, being \Tewsday in the Rogation
week, the parties afol'esayde were drawne frorn the To\ver to
Tyborne, and there had execution as afore is written, savinge the

a It was with the full approval of his Council that Henry VIII. took the resolution
of executing the laws without mercy against such as impugned his spiritual
authority. ·
b Thomas Laurence, Prior of lIexham.-Stow.
c Augustine 'Vebster, Prior of "Bevall."-Stow.
d Richard Reginalds, doctor, a monk of Sion.-Stow.
e t10hn Haile, Vicar of Isleworth.
f Their heads and quarters were set on the gates of the City all save one quarter,
which was set on the Charterhouse at London.-Stow.

27

A.D. 1535.

28

\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1535. other priest called J o. Ferne, who had his pardon delyvered him
on the Tower Hill, and so was quitt. ...
This yeare, the 4th day of June, were diverse Dutch Inen and
weOlnen convicted for heresie to the number of 22,a of the which
14 were condelnned, and two of them, that is to say a lllan and a
'VOlnan, were brent in Slnythfeild this day at three of the clocke in
the afternoone, and the other 12 were sent to diverse good townes in
England, there to be brent; and the residue ,vere converted and
commaunded to departe out of this realme ,vithin 14 dayes into
their countries, on payne of death at the ICings pleasure.
This yeare, 11 J unii, were arreigned in the ICinges Benche at
Westininster 3 munckes of the Charterhowsse of London, and
there condempned of highe treason against the Kinge,b and judged
to be drawne, hanged, bowelled, beheaded, and quartered; one of
then1 was called Francis Kitigate,C another called 1\1r. EXlnew,d
proInpter of the same place, and the third was called 1\lr. 1\Iiddle-
The arreign- lnore, vicar of the same place. e This yeare allso, the 17 day of
ment of John J . d '
T . . I TT" B 1 1\ 1
}"'isher, Bishop une, was an'eigne at Ivestininster In t 1e U.Inges enc le .n r.
of Rochester. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, for treason againste the ICinge,
and there was condemned by a jurie of knightes and esquiers (the
Lord Chauncellore sittinge as Highe Judge), who gave this sentence
on hiln: that the sayde John Fisher shoulde goe froin thence to
the place he came from, ,vhich was the Tower of London, and from
thence to be drawne thorowe the cittie of London to Tiburne, there
to be hanged, being alyve cutt downe, his bo,vells to be taken out
of his bodie and brent afore hiB1, his head to be cutt of, and his
bodie to be devided in 4 0r partes, and his head and bodye to be
sett at suche places as the ICing should assigne. The effect of the

a On the 25th l\Iay, in St. Paul's church at London, 19 men and 6 women, born
in Holland, were examined, of whom 14 were convicted as Anabaptists.-Stow.
b The treason against the King was for denying that Henry could be, in spiritual
matters, the head of the Church.
C Sebastian Nidigate.-Stow.
d Thomas Exmew or de Exmouth.
e Humphry :Middlemol'e, Vicar of Exmouth.

'VRIOTHERLEY'S CHRONICLE.

29

treason ,vas for denyinge the ICinge to be supreme head of the A.D. 1535.
Churche of Englande, accordinge to a statute Inade at the last
session of the Parliament. a
The 19th day of June, beinge Saterday, the 3 muncks of the
Charterhowsse, afore ,vritten, were drawne froln the Tower to
Tyborne, and there were executed accordinge to their judgment, and
their heades and bodies hanged at diverse gates aboute the Cittic.
Allso, the 22th of June, beinge Tewsday, John Fisher, Bishopp The Bishopp
of Rochester, was beheaded
t the Tower lIill, and the residue of

hJ:

e.
his execution pardoned; his bodie was buried within Barkinge
churche yeaI'd b next the Towre of London, and his head was sett
on London Bridge.
This yeare allso, the first day of Julie, beinge Thursdaye, Sr Sir Thomas
]'forc put to
Tholnas 1\lore, knight, sometyme Chauncellor of England, was death.
arreigned at Westminster for highe treason and there condemned,c
and the Tuesday after, beinge the 6th of Julie, he was beheaded at
the Tower Hill, and his bodie was buried within the chappell in
the Tower of London, and his head was sett on London Bridge.
The effect of his death was for the same causse that the Bishopp of
Rochester died for.d

a This bishop was of very many men lamented, for he was reported to be a man
of great learning, and a man of very good life, but therein wonderfully deceived, for
he maintained the Pope to be supreme head of the Church, and very maliciously
refused the King's title of supreme head. It was said that the Pope, for that he
held so manfully with him, and stood so stifly in his cause, did elect him a Cardinal,
and sent the Cardinal's hat as far as Calais, but the head it should have stande on
was as high as London Bridge or ever the hat could come to Bishop Fisher, aml
then it was too late, and therefore he neither wore it nor enjoyed his office.-Hall'R
"Chronicle," cd. 180!>, p. 817.
b Bishop Fishcr's body was takcn up out of Barking churchyard, and re-buried
with Sir Thomas :More, both in the Tower.-Stow, p. 572.
c The interrogatories and answcrs of Sir Thomas ]'fore and Bishop Fisher will be
found printed in the first volume of State Papers, pp. 431-6.
d For refusing to subscribe the new Oath of Supremacy as enacted by thc last
parliamcnt. " This Act/' said Sir Thomas l\Iorc, " is like a sword with two edges,
for if a man answer one way it will destroy the soul, and if hc answer another it
will destroy the body."

30

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1533. Anso this yeare was commaunded by the I\:ing that all bishops
Injunctions to and curates should preach the gospell of Christe syncerlye and
preach I .. S d d 1:' . II d . ] . d . d . ]
againste the tru Ie evene un ay an lestlva ay In t leu Iocesse an pans le
U f sUl h 'pe p d power churches thoro\ve out all Englande, and al1so should publishe and
o t e ope.
shewe to the people how the Pope hath usurped and taken upon
hilu contrarie to Christes filythe, and that his auctoritie and pardons
should be extinct and putt downe out of this real me of England
for ever luore, and his name to be blotted or putt out of the masse
booke f()r ever. a
AIlso divers religiouse per
on8, muncks, freres, and chanons,
left their religiouse habitt, and took on them capasites lor benefices
and secular preistes ha bi tt.
Newe bishopps AIlso this yeare, after lnydsomluer, Dr. Fox, the Ringes almoner, b
maùe. ,vas made Bishopp of Hereford, and the black friere of Bristowe C
,vas made Bishop of Rochester, and Dr. Latiluer Bishop of"\V orcester,
which men were great furtherers [of the Refonuation],d in their
preachinges, she,vinge the abusions of the Spiritualtie, and allso ho,v
the worde of God ought to be preached syncerelye and purelye.
AIlso this yeare, in August, the Lord Thomas Gerard, e sonne to
the Earle of I\:ildaye, was taken in Irelande by the Lord Leonard
l\Iarques,r and sent into England to the ICing to \Vinchester, but
the I\:ing sent hill1 to prison to the Tower of London shortlye
after.

a For the measures taken to suppress the Pope's authority in England, see
"l\iinutes for the Council," printed in the first volume of State Papers, pp.
411-414.
b Edward Fox, Archdeacon of Leicester, and Provost of King's CoUege.
c John Hilsey, Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, appointed Bishop of
Rochester, October 4, 1535.
d These words are not in l\fS.
e Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, who succeeded to the title of IGldare on the death of
his father in the Tower of London about 1534:, headed the rehellion of the Fitz.
geralds, but, being msule p isoner, was sent into England an
l beheaded in 1537.
f Lord Leonard Grey, fourth son of Thomas l\farquis of Dorset. For this service
be was created Viscount Graney, and in the year following (1536) made Lord Justice
and Lord Deputy of Ireland.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICI...E.

31

Also this yeare 1\:11'. Thomas Cron1well and Doctor Lee a visited A.D. 1535.
all the religious places in Englande,b being ordayned by the I\:inges
grace for his high visitors,c and they tooke out of everie religious
house all religious persons froln the age of 24 years and under, d
and shewed them ho,v they shoulde use wilfull povertie, e and also
he closed up all the residue of the religious persons booth men and
\VeOlnen that would remaine still, so that they should not come out
of their places, nor np men resorte to the places of nonnes, nor
,veOlnen to come into the places of religious Inen, but onelie to
heere service and Inasses in their churches, and also they tooke out
of divers churches of England certaine re]iques that the people were
,vont to worshipp, as Our Ladies girdell at "\Vestminster, ,vhich
weomen with chield \vere wont to girde with, and Sainct Elizabethes
gird ell, and in Poules a relique of Our Ladies milke, which was
broken and founde but a peece of chalke, with other reliques in
divers places which they f used for covetousnes in deceaphing the
people.
Also this yeare, on Saint Edwardes Eaven,g at the election of the
l\1ajor in the Yelde hall, 1\11'. Gostife, the I(inges serieante, brought
a letter from the I(ing to the Recorder, which letter was read openlie
in the hall, declaring that the I(inges pleasure was that the Comens
should elect and chuse for their l\Iajor Sir John Allen, maiocer,lJ
being also one of the J{inges Counsell, and so he was chosen by

a Dr. Thomas Lee.
b A report of these visitations was compiled for the use of the King and Parlia-
ment, but has not been preserved.
C Thomas Cromwell was chosen to manage this L1quiry under the name of Visitor-
General, and he appointed as his substitutes or Commissioners, Richard Leighton,
Thomas Lee, and 'Villiam Petre, Doctors of Law, and Dr. John London, Dean of
Wallingford, &c. See Herbert, p. 18G; Burnet, i. p. 183.
d As Supreme Head of the Church, Henry discharged from their vows such as
were professed under four-and-twenty yeurs of age, and allowed all the rest to quit
their houses, and live as seculars if they so pleased.
e All religious men that departed, the abbut or prior to give them for their habit
a priest's gown and forty shillings in money.-Stow.
f ]'Iiswritten ill l\fS. "while the." g October 12. II l\Iercer.

32

'YRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICI..E.

A.D. 1535-6. the whole voyce of the COlnmons, which was donne against his will;
SOlnlne thought it was donne by the counsell of 1\11'. Secretarie for
somn1e consideration, but it was said that it cost
lr. Alan above an
hundred markes in giftes and rewardes to put it by, but it prevayled
not.

[A.D. 1536.]
Death of
Queen Kathe-
rin.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 27.
This yeare, the 12th a daie of Kovelnber, was songe at Paules a
Inasse of the Holie Ghost and Te Deuln, first with the children of
Paules schole, and then all the orders of fryars with copes on their
backes, all the channons about London, the monkes of To\ver Hill,
Barmonsley, and 'V estlninster, with an the priestes of everie parrishe
in London
Poules quire going all in rytch robes of cloath of gould,
and seaven abbotts and bishopps with my tel'S on their heades, the
Bishop of London bearing the sacralnente of the aulter under a rich
cannapie of gonld with torches going about it, and then the batchlers
of the l\Iajors craft following afore the 1\Iajor and Aldermen, and
after theln all the craftes in London in their best liveries, which
solernnitie ,vas donne for the health of Frances the French I\:inge,
,vhich was nighe dead, and so recovered againe by the goodnes of
Almightie God.
This yeare, the morrowe after twelve daie being Fridaie and
the 7th daie of Januarie,b 1535[-6J the honorable and noble Princes,

a 11 th according to Stow, which is probably the correct date, being St.1fartin's day.
b Stow and Hall, with other authorities, state that Queen Katharine died on the
8th January, but the correctness of our text as to tbe day is placed beyond a doubt
by the original letter of Sir Edward ChamberleJn and Sir Edmund Bedyngfeld
transmitting this intelligence to Cromwell, still extant in the Public Record Office,
and which runs thus:
"Pleaseth yt yower honorable .Maystershipp to be aclvertysed, that this 7th day of
January, abowt 10 of the clock before none, the Lady Dowager was aneled with the
Holy Oyntment, 1Iayster Chamberlein ann I called to the same; and before 2 of the
dock at afternone she departed to God. Besechyng yow that the J{yng may be
advertysed of the same, and funier to know yower pleasour yn every tbyng aper-
teynyng to that purposc; and, fnrder, in all other causes cOllcernyng the hows, the
scrvantes, and all other thynges, as shall stand wytb the J{ynge's plcasour and
yowers. "

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

33

Queene Katherin, former wife to I\:ing Henrie the V IIlth, departed A.D. 1536.
froln her worldlie lief at Bugden,a in Huntingdon shire, about tenne
of the clocke at night,b and she was buried at Peterborowe c the
29th daie of J anuarie, being Saturdaie.
This yeare also, three daies before Candlelnas,d Queene Anne ,vas
brought a bedd and .delivered of a man chield
as it ,vas said, afore
her tYlne, for she said that she had reckoned herself at that tyme
but fiftene weekes gonne with chield; it ,vas said she tooke a
fright, for the I\:ing ranne that tyme at the ring and had a fall
from his horse, but he had no hurt; and she tooke such a fright
,vithall that it caused her to fall in travaile,e and so was delivered
afore her full tyme, which was a great discompfort to all this
realm e. f
This yeare also, the first Soundaie after Candlemas, being the 1.
sixt daie of Februal'ic, the Archbishopp of Canterberie, called

;oppe
Thomas Cranmer, preached at Paules Crosse, my Lord Chauncelor g preached at
f E 1 d . . d . 1 Paules Crosse
o
ng an beIng then present at hIs sennon, an theIr 1e approved, againste the
usurped power
a Queen Katharine died at KimboIton Castle, about three miles from the village of of the Bishopp
Buckden, to which seat she retired after her divorce from Henry VIII. She was in of Rome.
the fiftieth year of her age, and thirty-third after her arrival in England. A full
account of her illness and death will be found in Strype's "1\Iemorials," vol. i.
p.241.
b This would appear to be an error for 2 o.clock in the afternoon. See preceding
page, note b.
c In the Abbey Church, which Henry VIII. afterwards converted into a Cathedral.
The circular letter addressed by the King to many persons of quality, requiring their
attendance in the conveyance of the corpse from Kimbolton to Peterborough, will be
found in J\IS. Harleian. 540, fo!' 52 b .
Q As Candlemas Day is the 2nd of February, our Author must have calculated
three full days, exclusive of the 2gth January, 1536.
e Another account is that her miscarriage was occasioned by the shock which she
recei ved upon discovering that Henry VIII. bad transferred his affections to Jane
Seymour.
f Her miscarriage was thought to haye made an il
impression on the King's
mind, who from thence concluded that this marriage was displeasing to God.-
Burnet, i. p. 196.
g Sir Thomas Audley, who had succeeded the learned Sir Thomas More as Chan-
cellor in 1532.

.

CAl\lD. SOC.

}'

34

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 153G. by Ecripture and by the decrees of the Popes la'wes, that the Bishop
of ROlne, otherwise called Pope, 'was Antichrist, and also brought
di vel'S expositions of holie sainctes and doctors for the Salne; and
ho\v craftelie, and by.what meanes, and how long, he had taken
upon hiln the power of God and the aucthoritie above all princes
christened, and ho\v his aucthoritie and lawes was contrarie to
scripture and the lawe of God, as he then honorably declared and
approved to the cleere understanding of all the people.
2. The Eeconde sennon, being on Septuagesima Sundaie, their
preached at Powles Crosse the Bishop of Rochester. a
3. The Sondaie of Sexagesima preached at St. Poules Crosse the
Bishopp of Lincolne. b
!. The Soundaie of Quinquegesima, being the 27th daie of
Februarie and Leepe yeare, A.D. 1535 [-6J, preached at Paules
Crosse the Bushoppe of Durhame, named Dr. .Dunstall, C sometime
Bishopp of London, and afore that, being l\Ir of the Rolls; and
their were present at his sermon the Archbishopp of Canterberie
with eight other bishopps, sitting at the crosse before the preacher;
and the Lorde Chauncellor of Englande, the Duke of N orfolke, the
Duke of Suffolke, with six Erles and divers other lordes, stoode
behinde the preacher within the pulpitt, and also fower monkes of
the Charterhouse of London ,vere brought to the said sermon,
which denied the ICing to be suprealne heade of the Church of
Englande. And their the said preacher declared the profession of
the Bishopp of Rome when he is elected Pope, according to the
confirmation of eight universall general counsells, which were con-
gregate for the faith of all Christendolne; and everie Pope taketh
an othe on the articles, prolnising to observe, keepe, and hould all
that the said counsells confirmed, and to dampne all that they

a John Hilsey, Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, appointed 4th October,
1535, to this see, then vacant by the execution of Bishop Fisher.
b John Longland, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and late Canon of
"\Villdsor.
c Cuthbert Tunstall, tJUnslated from London 25th March, 1530.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

35

dampned; and how he, contrarie to his oth, hath usurped his A.D. 1536.
power and aucthoritie over all Christendome; and also ho,v un-
charitably he had handled our Prince, I\:ing Henrie the Eight, in
marying [him to] his brother's wife, contrarie to Godes la,ves and
also against his owne promise and decrees, which he opened by
scriptures and by the cannons of the Appostles; and also ho\v everie
I{inge hath the highe power under God, and ought to be the
supreame head over all spirituall prelates, which was a goodlie and
gracious hearing to all the audience being their present at the saIne
serrnon. And in his prayers he said, after this manner, ye shall
pray for the universall church of all Christendome, and especiall for
the prosperous estate of our Soveraigne and Emperour I{ing
Henrie the Eight, being the onelie supreallle head of this realmc of
Englande; and he declared also in his said sermon how that the
Cardin aIls of Rome bee but curattes and decons of the cittie and
province of Rome, and how that everie curate of any parrish have
as much power as they have, according to scripture, save onelie
that the Pope of Rome hath made them so high aucthoritics
onelie for to exhalt his naU1e and power in Christen realmes for
covetousnes, as by his owne decrees he eviclentlie their approved.
The first Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the Bishopp 5.
of Salisberie. a
The second Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the G.
Bishop of 'V orcestre. b
The third Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the Bishopp 7.
of Bangor. C
This yeare, on }'faye daie, 1536, beingc 1\loundaie, was a great [Anno Reg. 28.]
justing at Greenewych, where was chalcngers Iny Lorde of Rochforde
and others, and defenders 1\lr. Noris and othcrs.d
n Nicholas Shaxton, elected 22nd February, 1535, in place of Cardinal Campeggio,
wlw was deprived by Act of Parliament, in 153..1, for non-residence.
b II ugh Latimer.
C John Salcot, alias Capon, Abbot of Hyde, consecrated l
th April, 1634.
d Stow adds: "l

rom these jonstes King Henry sodainely departed to 'N estminstel',
baving ouly with him six persons, of which sodaine departure men marveiled. "

A.D. 1536.

Queen Anne
sent to the
Tower.

36

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

And the seconde qaie of J\Iaie, 1\11'. Norris and my Lorde of
Rochforde were brought to the Towre of London as prisonners;
and the same daie, about five of the clocke at night,a the Queene
Anne Bolleine was brought to the Towre of London by my
Lord Chauncelor,b the Duke of Norfolke, l\fr. Secretarie,c and
Sir 'Villiam Kingston, Constable of the Tower; and when she
came to the court gate,d entring in, she fell downe on her knees
before the said lordes, beseeching God to helpe her as she was
not giltie of her accusement,e and also desired the said 10rdes to
beseech the Kinges grace to be good unto her, and so they left her
their prisoner. f
Item, the 12th daie of l\laie, 1536, being Fridaie, their ,vere
arraygned at Westminster g Sir Frances 'Veston, knight, Jlenrie
Norris, esquier, Brerton, and l\Iarkes, being all fower of the l{inges
Privie Chamber, h and their condempned of high treason against the
l{inge for using fornieation with Queene Anne, ,vife to the l{inge,
and also for conspiracie of the ICinges death, and their judged to
be hanged, drawen, and quartered, their Inembers cutt of and brent
before theim, their heades cutt of and quartered; my Lord Chaun-
celor being the highest COl'nmissioner he geving their judgment,
with other 10rdes of the ICinges Counsell being presente at the
same tyme.
And the morrowe after, being Satterdaie, and the thirtenth daie

a "In the afternoon." - Stow.
b Sir Thomas Audley.
c Sir Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex.
d "Towergate" in Stow.
e On her arrest she was informed of the accusation of adultery.
f Anne's prison-chamber was that in which she had slept the night before her
coronation.
g They were tried by a Commission of Oyer and Terminer in Westminster Hall,
after having been twice indicted. True bills were found by the two grand juries
of the counties of Kent and Middlesex, the crimes they were charged with beillg
said to be done in both counties.
h Sir Francis Weston and William Brereton, esq. of the King's Privy Chamber
Henry Norris, Groom of the Stole, and one Mark Smeton, a musician.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

37

of :ðlaie, l\Iaister Fittes- "\Villiams,a Treasorer of the J{inges howse, A.D. 1536.
and
Ir. Controoler,b deposed and brooke upp the Queenes house-
houlde at Greenewich, and so discharged all her servantes of their
offices clearlye.
ltel'n, on
Iunday,C the 15th of
Iay, 1536, there was arreigned
within the To\ver of London Queene Anne,d for treason againste
the J{inges owne person, and there was a great scaffold made in
the J{inges Hall within the Tower of London, and there were
made benches and seates for the lordes, my Lord of N orthfolke
sittinge under the clothe of estate, representinge there the Kinges
person as Highe Steward of Englande a.nd uncle to the Queene,
he holdinge a longe white staffe in his hande, and the Earle of
Surrey, his sonne and heire, sittinge at his feete before him holdinge
the golden staffe for the Earle 1\larsha11 of Englande, which sayde
office the saide duke had in his handes; the Lord A wdley,
Chauncellour of England, sittinge on his right hande, and the
Duke of Suffolke on his left hande, with other marqueses, earles,
and lordes, everie one after their degrees.
And first the J{inges commission was redd, and then the Constable The arreign-
of the Tower e and the Lieutenant f brou g ht forthe the Q ueene to ment
f Queen
A nne In the
the barre, where was made a chaire for her to sitt downe in, and Tower of
then her indictment was redd afore her,g whereunto she made so London.
wise and discreet aunsweres to all thinges layde against her, excusinge

erselfe with her wordes so clearlie, as thoughe she had never bene

a Sir William Fitzwilliam, knt. afterwards Earl of Southampton, held the office
of Treasurer of the Household from 1526 to 1537.
b Sir Edward Poynings.
c Stow's accoÜnt seems to have been taken from this, with considerable vel'Lal
differences and some omissions.
d There was no precedent for the trial of a Queen for treason, so Henry determined
that she should be arraigned hefore a commìssion of Lords, as had been practised in
the case of the Duke of Buckingham.
e Sir \Yilliam Kingston. f Sir Edmond 'Valsingham.
g Her indictment, which comprised six several charges, is preserved in the Puhlic
Record Office, with the subsequent proceedings thereon.

A.D. 1536.

38

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

faultie to the same,a and at length putt her to the triall of the Peeres
of the Realme, and then were 26 b of the greatest peeres there present
chosen c to passe on her, the Duke of Suffolke beinge highest, and,
after thei had communed together, the yongest lorde of the saide
inquest was called first to give verdict, who sayde guiltie,d and so
everie lorde and earle after their degrees sayc1e guiltie to the last
and so condemned her. e And then the Duke of Xorthfolke gave this
sentence on her, sayinge: Because thou haste offended our Sovereigne
the I\:inges grace, in committinge treason against his person, and here
attaynted of the same,! the lawe of the realme is this, that thou haste
deserved death, and thy judglnent is this: That tho,v shalt be b1'ent
here within the Tower of London on the Greene, els to have thy head
smitten of as the ICinges pleasure shal be further knowne of the same;
and so she ,vas brought to warde agayne, and two ladies ,vayted on
her, ,vhich came in with her at the first, and wayted still on her, ,vhose
names were the Ladie Kingstone g and the Ladie Boleyn, her aunte. h

II. Upon her examination she positively denied she had eyer been false to the King;
but, being told that Norris, Weston, Brereton, and Smeton had accused her, she said
she ought not to conceal certain things which had passed between her and them.-
See Burnet, tom. i. pp. 191, 280, &c.
b It is observable that, out of the fifty-three peers then in England, only twenty-
six were present at the trial.
c This expression lends some countenance to the conjecture that, according to the
method introduced hy Cardinal 'Volsey in the condemnation of the Duke of Buck-
ingham, care was taken to select those who could be relied upon to gratify the King's
will.
d The evidence produced at the Queen's trial is said to have been purposely
destroyed.-See Burnet, tom. i. p. 197.
e This sentence, affirming the unanimity of the Court, is omitted, and the
jurlgment delivered by Norfolk much abbreviated, in Stow.
f Had the sentence of divorce ùeen passed before Anne's trial she could not have
been convicted of adultery, since her marriage with the King must have been con-
sidered only as a concubinage.-See Rapin, i. p. 812.
g Lady Kingstone was wife of Sir 'Villiam Kingstone, Captain of the Guard and
Constable of the Tower.
h Other authorities state that J\frs. Cosen and Anne's aunt, l\frs. Boleyn, were the
two ladies appointed to attend on her in the Tower.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

39

After this, ilnmediatlie, the Lord of Rocheforde, her brother, A.D. 1536.
,vas arreigned for treason, which was for knowinge the Queene, his The arreign-
. II ' d bl . h 1 f G d d ment of the
sIster, carna Ie, moste etesta e agaInst t e awe 0 0 an nature Lord of Roche-
allso, and treason to his Prince, and allso for conspiracie of the forde.
I\:inges death: 'Vhereunto he Inade aunswere so prudentlie and
,viselie to all articles layde against him, that marveil it ,vas to heare,
and never ,vould confesse anye thinge, but made himselfe as cleare
as though he had never offended. a Howbeit he was there con-
demned by 26 lordes and barons of treason, and then Iny Lord of
Northfolke gave him this judgment: That he should goe agayne to
prison in the Tower from whence he came, and to be drawne from
the saide Towre of London thorowe the Cittie of London to the
place of execution called Tyburne, and there to be hanged, beinge
alyve cutt do,vne, and then his members cutt of and his bowells
taken o,vt of his bodie and brent before hiln, and then his head cutt
of and his bodie to be divided in 4 0r peeces, and his head and bodie
to be sett at suche places as the ICing should assigne; and after this
the court brake up for that tyme. The l\lajor of London b ,vith
certeyne Aldermen were present at this arreignment of the Queene
and her brother, with the wardeins and 4 persons more of 12 of the
principall craftes of London.
Allso the 17th day of J\lay, beinge Weddensday, the Lord of Lord Roch-
Rochforde, 1\11'. Norys, 1\11'. Bruton, Sir Francis 'Veston, and

sa;:tt to
1\larkys,c were all beheaded d at the Tower-hill; and the Lord of death at the
R . Tower Hyll.
ocheforc1e, brother to Queene Anne, sayde these ,vordes follo,vlnge
on the scaffolde to the people with a lowde voyce: J\laisters all, I
am come hither not to preach and make a sermon, but to dye, as
the la,ve hath fownde me, and to the lawe I subInitt me, desiringe

a All the accomplices protested their innocence except Smeton, who confessefl he
had well deserved to die, which gave occasion to many reflections.-Bur.u.et, vol. i.
p. 20]; vol. iii. p. 120.
b Sir.J ohn Allen.
e Henry Norris, 'Villiam Brereton, Sir Francis 'Veston, and Mark Smeton.
a They were all beheaüed oxcept Smeton, who was hanged.-llurnet.

A.D. 1536.

The King
divorsed from
Queene Anne.

40

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

you all, and speciallie you my tnaisters of the Courte, that you will
trust on God speciallie, and not on the vanities of the worlde, for
if I had so done, I thincke I had bene al yve as yee be now; allso
I desire you to helpe to the settinge forthe of the true .worde of
God; and whereas I am sclaundered by it, I have bene diligent
to reade it and set it furth trulye; but if I had bene as diligent
to observe it, and done and lyved thereafter, as I was to read it
and sett it forthe, I had not COIne hereto, wherefore I beseche you
all to be workers and lyve thereafter, and not to reade it and lyve
not there after. As for n1yne offences, it can not prevayle you to
heare theln that I dye here for, but I beseche God that I may be
an example to you all, and that all you Inay be wayre by me, and
hartelye I require you all to pray for me, and to forgive me if I have
offended you, and I forgive you all, and God save the I{inge. a
Their bodies with their heades were buried within the Tower of
London; the Lord of Rochfordes bodie and head within the
chappell of the Tower, 1\lr. "r eston band Korys c in the church
yeard of the same in one grave, 1\11'. Bruton d and l\larkes e in another
grave in the same churche yerde within the Tower of London. r
And the same day, in the after-noone, at a solemne court kept at
Lambeth by the Lord Archbishoppe of Canterburie g and the doctors
a This speech is not given by Stow or Hall.
b Sir Francis Weston.
C Henry Norris left a son Henry, who was restored in blood by Queen Elizabeth,
and created a peer in 1572, and from whom is descended the present Earl of
Abingdon.
d William Brereton.
C This repeated misnomer of Smeton would seem to warrant the inference that he
was known to the writer in conversation only by hifì Chri:-;tian name.
f Compare the above with the abstract in Constantyne's memoir, "Archæologia,"
xxiii. p. 65.
g Cranmer having sent copies of articles.of objection to the validity of the marriage
to the King in his palace, and to the Queen in the Tower, "that it might be for the
salvation of their souls," summoneù each to appear in his Ecclesiastical Court at
Lambeth to show cause why a sentence of divorce should not be passed. Dr.
Sampson appeared for the King, and Drs. Wotton and Barbour for the Queen, hy
the King's appointment.

\VRIOTHESLEY'S CIIRONICLE.

41

of the lawe, the J{ing ,vas divorsed fronl his wife Queene Anne,a and A.D. 1536.
there at the same co,vrte was a privie contract approved that she
had 111ade to the Earle of K ortillull berlande b afore the ICings tyn1e; c
and so she was discharged, and was never lawfull Queene of England,
and there it was approved the same. d
The Fridaye followinge, beinge the 19th day of I\lay, 1536, and Queene A!llle
.,... VIII h . h f 1 I k beheaded III
the 28 th yeare of I\.lng Henry the t , at elg tot 1e c oc e the Tower with
in the morninge, Anne Bulleyn, Queene, was brought to execution e a sworde.
on the greene within the Tower of London, by the great'Vhite
To,ver; the Lord Chauncelloure of England, the Duke of Riclullond,
Duke of Suffolke, with the moste of the I{ings Councell, as erIes,
lordes, and nobles of this realme, beinge present at the saIne; all so
the I\Iajor of London, with the Alldermen and Sheriffs, and certayne
of the best craftes of London, beinge there present allso. On a
scaffolde Inade there for the sayde execution the sayde Queen Ann
sayde thus: J\Iaisters, I here hUlnblye sublnitt 1ne to the la\ve as
the lawe hath judged 1ne/ and as for myne offences, I here accuse
no man, God kno,veth them; I reInitt them to God, beseechinge

a Archbishop Cranmer, who acted as the Queen's confessor whilst in the Tower,
pronounced that her marriage was, and always had been, utterly null and void, in
consequence of certain just and lawful impedin.ents which
it was said, were unknown
at the time of the union, but had lately been confessed to the Archbishop by the
lady heröelf.
b The }
ar1 of Northumberland denied any such pre-contract, but the Queen would
appear to have confessed as much in hope of having her life spared, or at least by
the assurance that the judgment condemning her to the stake should be changed
into the milder punishment of death by the axe.-See Burnet.
c Previous to her marriage with the King.
d The process in the Ecclesiastical Court was submitted, after Anne's death, to the
members of the Convocation and the two Houses of Parliament; and the Church,
Commons, and Lords, ratified it.
e The beheading of Anne Boleyn was deferred from 'Vednesday, J\'Iay 17th, when
her pretcnded associates were executed, until Friday, J\'Iay 19th, in order that her
divorce might be procured for the illegitimatizing of her daughter Elizaheth.
f It is generally believed her fear of drawing the King's auger on her daughter
ElizaLeth prevented her from insisting upon her own innocence in public.-See
Herbert, p. 194; Strype's "J\'Iemoirs," i. p. 283.
CA
ID. SOC. G

42

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

Ä.D. IG36. hiln to have mercye on my sowle, and I beseche J esu save my
sovereigne and maister the ICinge, the moste godlye, noble, and
gentle Prince that is, andlonge to reigne over YO\y; which wordes
.were spoken \vith a goodlye sInilinge countenance; a and this done,
she kneeled do\vne on her knees and sayde: To Jesu Christe I
comillenù nlY sowle; band suddenlye the hangillan C smot.e of her
heade at a stroke with a sworde; d her bodye with the head ,vas
buTÏed in the Chappell e ,vithin the Tower of London, iri the queere
there, the sanle daye at afternoone, ,vhen she had reygned as Queene
three yeares, lackinge 14 dayes
from her coronation to her death.
Also this yeare, at a Parliament holden at vV cstminster in
Februarie last past/ and ended the Thursdaie afore Easter, it was
granted g to the ICing and his heires, to the augmentation of the

a Her cheerful carriage on the day of execntion is attested by the letter of Sir
'Villiam Kingston, Constable of the Tower, to Cromwell, wherein he says: "This
morning she sent for me, that I might be with her at such time as she received. the
good Lord, to the intent I should hear her speak as touching her innocency alway to
be clear. And in the writing of this she sent for me, and at my coming she said,
'1\1:1'. Kingston, I hear I shall not die afore noon, and I am very sorry therefore, for
I thought to be dead by this time and past my pain.' I told her it should be no
pain, it was so little. And then she said, , I heard say the executioner was very good,
and I have a little neck,' and put her hands about it, laughing heartily. I have seen
many men and also women executed, and that they have been in great sorrow, and to
my knowledge this lady has much joy and pleasure in death. Sir, her almoner is
continually with her, and had been since two o'clock after midnight."
b Up to this point this speech is in Stow, with a few verbal differences, and is
given in substance in Hall's Chronicle.
C The hangman of Calais was selected, as being more expert at his business than
any in England.
d Our author is correct in his statement that Anne's head was severed from bel'
body with a sword, that being the French mode of decapitation, and not with an
axe, as was the prevailing custom in England. We must therefore reject as
apocryphal the story of the axe still shown in the Tower.
e Iu the choir of the chapel in the Tower.-Stow.
f This session was held upon prol'ogation at 'Vestminster, 4th February, 1536,
and continued till the 14th April following, which would be the Wednesday before
Easter Sunday.-See Statutes at Large, i. p. 452.
g By statute 27 Henry VIII. cap. 28.

WRIOTHESLEy'g CHRONICLE.

43

cro"\vne, all religious ho,vses in this realme of Englande of the value A.D. 1536
of tow hundred poundes and under [a-year], .with all landes and
goodes belonging to the said howses, in as ample lnanner as the said
abbottes and priors held thciln. The SOlne of the ho,vses amounted to
376, a the value of their landes 32 thousan
poundes and 1110re,b and
the Inoveables of their goodes, as they ,vcre sold, amounted above
one hundred thousand poundes; and the religious persons that
were in the said howses ,vere clearlie putt out, some [went] to
[oJ their [greater] howses [and] SOlne ,vent abroade in the ,vorlde. c
Againe it was pitie the great lamentation that the poore people
made for theim, for there was great hospitalitie kept a1110nge theiln,
and, as it ,vas reported, tenne thousand persons had lost their living
by the putting do,vne of theim, which was great pitie.
Also the 20th daie of l\laie d the I{ing was maried seereetlie at
Chelsey, in J\liddlesex, to one Jane Seymor, daughter to Sir John
Seynlor, knight,e in the countie of 'Vilshire, late departed froln
this licf, which Jane was first a ,vayting gentlewoman to Queene
l{atherin/ and after to Anne Bolleine, late Qucene, also; and she
was brought to \Vhite Hall, by "\Yestminster, the 30th daie of
l\Iaie,g and their sett in the Quecne's seate under the canapie of
estate royall.
Also, the 4th daie of June, being \Yhitsoundaie, the said Jane
a Or, according to other authorities, 380 of the lesser houses, being those with
revenues under 200l. a year.
b In addition to their yearly income of 32,000l. these monastic establishments
were returned as possessing 100,000l. in money, plate, find jewels.
C The text of our MS. being here corrupt, the words in brackets have been supplied
from Stow.
d The day following Anne Boleyn's execution.
e She was daughter of Sir John Seymour, of Wolf Hall, in 'Viltshire, Groom of
the Chamber to Henry VIII. and governor of Bristol Castle, by Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Henry 'Ventworth, of NettIested, in Suffolk.-Dugdale's Baronage, vol. ii.
p. 361.
f The time of Jane's introduction at Court is not known, but, if she held the post
of maid of honour to Queen Katharine, it must have been earlier than is generally
supposed.
g Other authorities say 2Ðth l\Iay, lJeing the :Monday before 'Vhitsunday.

44

'VRIOTITESI..EY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Seymor was proclaymed Queene a at Greenewych, and went in
processi0n, after the l{ing, ,vith a great traine of ladies followinge
after her, and also .ofred at Inasse as Queene, and began her howse-
hold that daie, dyning in her chamber of presence under the cloath
of estate.
Also, the 7th daie of June, being \Vednesdaie in \Vhitson \veeke,
the l{ing and the Queene went from Grenewych to Yorke Place,
at "r estminster, by water, his lordes going in barges afore hilli,
everie lord in his owne barge, and the l{inge and the Queene in a
barge togeeter, follo'winge after the lordes' barges, with his guard
following him in a great barge; and as he passed by the shipps
in the Thames everie shippe shott gonns, and at Radcliffe the
Elnperoures Elnbassidour stoode in a tente with a banner of the
Emperoures annes seett in the topp of his tente and divers banners
about the saIne, he hilnself being in a rych gowne of purple satten,
with divers gentlemen standinge about him \vith gownes and cottes
of velvett; and when the Beach l{inges b barge canle by him, he sent
to\V bottes of his servantes to rowe aboute the l\:inges barge, one of
them were his tru1l1petters, and another with shahnes and sage-
bottes, and so made a great reverence to the l{inge and Queene as
they caIne by him, and then he lett shott a fortie great gonns, and
as the l{inge Caine against the Tower of London their ,vas shott
above fower hundred peeces of ordinance, and all the to,ver walls
to,vardes the water side were sett with great strealners and banners;
and so the l{inge passed thro,ve London Bridge, with his trulnpetts
blowinge before him, and shalmes, sagbuttes, and drolnesla,ves C
playing also in barges going before him, which ,vas a goodlie sight
to beholde.
Also the lnorrowe after, being Thursdaie in \Vhitson weeke, and
a Jane was proclaimed Queen: but never crowned, her coronation, as we learn from
this Chronicle (see page 55), having been fixed for the Sunday before Allhallows, but
put off by reason of the pestilence then in London.
b He was probably the master of ceremonies in the aquatic pageants, as there was
no City official who bore that title.
C Drummers, from the Dutch" Trommel-slaager."

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

45

the eight daie of June, the Perliament beganne, the I{ing riding A.D. 1536.
from Yorke Place to 'Vestminster with all his lordes before him, The manner
. . I h b h ld ' I I T" and order of
the Queene standIng In t 1e newe gate owse e 0 lng t le\..Ing the !{ings
and his lor des as the y rode; and when they ,vere come in the P g'oiD l g to th t e
ar eamen
Perliament chaInber at "\Vestminster they putt on their Perliament Howse.
robes, and so went into "T estminster Abbey on the backe side by
the ICinges newe chappell,a in order as follo,veth: first came tovv
pursevantes with their cote annoures on theIn, all esquiers following
them, after tovv pursevantes againe with their cote arInoures,
knightes following theIn, then tow haroldes of annes with rich
cote armoures, all abbottes being lordes of the Perliament Howse
following with robes of blacke cloath lyned with satten and sarcenett,
which were nyneteene in numberj then t.o,v haroldes againe, the
bishopps followinge them in robes of scarlett furred 'with white
lettis b ,vith hoodes of the saIne, ,vhich were tenne in number; after
them the Archbishopp of Canterberie and the Archbishopp ofY orke
with their crosses afore them, they being in robes of scarlett furred
,vith white; after them sergeantes at armes with their Inaces; then
the ICinges haroldes with their cote annoures; then Iny Lord
Chauncelor of Englande, in his Perliament robe of scarlett with a
hood to the same furred with ,vhite lettis, with the ICinges great
seale borne before him; then the Earle of Sussex C in his robe of
scarlett bearing the svvorde afore the ICinge, and the Duke of
Rychmonde in his robe bearing the cappe of maynetenance, the
ICing following in a robe of crimson velvett furred ,vith poudre
ermyns, with a hood of the same, the Earle of Oxford d bearing the
l{inges traine on his sholder after hiln as lIigh Chalnbcrlaine of
England, the Lorde Sandes e bearing the traine in the lniddes as
II He
ry the Seventh's Chapel.
II Lattice or network. See Nares's" Glossary," ed. Halliwell and 'Vright.
C Robert Radcliffe, Viscount Fitzwalter, created Earl of Sussex, 28th December,
152Ð, K.G. and a Privy Councillor.
d John de Vere, I
arl of Oxford, and hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain.
C Sir 'Villiam Sandys, created Lord Sandys of the Vine, 1:523, K.G. appointed
Lord Chamberlain in reversion, 152:3, and succeeded to the office in 1:326.

46

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Chamberlaine of the Iringes howse; then after the Iring fi)llowed
the Duke of Suffolke, a and all erIes, Inarques, and Iordes, all in
their Perliament robes of scarlett fnrred ,vith white, and their hoodes
about their neckes, which were fortie in nUlnber; everie ùuke
having fo,ver barres of white furre alongest the right side of their
robes, and everie earle having three barres of ,vhite furre alongest
the right side of their robes, and everie lord to,v barres in likewise.
And, when the Iring came against the new chappell their, the
Abbott of \Vestlninster Inett hiln with the convent, with procession,
all in rich copes of gold, the abbott being mitred, and fower Inonkes
bearing a rich cannopie of cloth of gold which they sett over the
J{inge, and then the abbott sensed the ICing, and delivered hiln a
scepter of gould in his hand, which was Sainct Edwardes the
Confessor; and so the ICing proceeded into the church downe to
the west end of the lllonkes quire, and so went into the nlonkes
quire, where ,vas made a seate for the I(ing in the upper ende of
the quire, which ,vas the abbottes stall, with a rych cloath of estate
hanging over the ICinges heade, and their the ICing sate do,vne, and
all the lordes sate in the Inonkes seates in the quire, everie one in
their degrees in order; also in the said quire ,vas an aultar 11lade,
richlie hanged before the ICinges seate, where the I{ing had a lo'we
Inasse; this donne, masse of the Rolie Ghost beganne, which was
song in the Iringes Chappell, the Bishopp of London executing
at the high auItaI', and after the creede the ICing went to the high
aulter and of red, and then went into the traves b that ,vas Inade for
him at the alters end, and their he had another aulter made before
his traves, where he had another lowe Inasse said afore hiln, and
their contynued till masse ,vas donne; and after masse he ,vent into
the Perlian1ent Cham bel' in the saIne order that he came into the
church; their being con1en he sate downe in his seat royalllike a
noble prince, and all his lordes, booth spirituall and temporall, in their

a Charles Brandon, brothcr-iQ-law of the King, having married :l\Iary, si:::;ter of
Henl'Y VIII. and Dowager of Louis XII. of France.
b A cross-scat.

"\VRIOTRESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

47

seates after their degrees; and my Lord Chauncellor of Englande, A.D. 1536.
which was Sir Tholnas Awdeley,a ICnight and Serjeant at the
Commen Lawe, made a goodlie proposition to the ICinges Grace
for the asselnbly and cause of the said Perliament, which contynewed
half an hower large; b that donne, the ICinge and his lordes putt of
their robes, and so rode to Yorke Place c to dynner in order as they
went to vVestminster, and so finished for that daie.
Also, the 9th daie of June, being Fridaie, the Convocation of
the Spirituall Lordes d beganne at Paules in London, the Bishopp
of London singing the masse of the Holie Ghost; after masse, the
Bishopp of vV orcester e made a sermon afore the bishopps in
Latten.
Also, the Twesdaie in Whitson ,veeke f last past, the Queenes
brother, Sir Edwarde SeYlnor, was created and made Viscounte
Beochamps,g and that weeke Sir 'Valter Hongerforde, of Hates-
burie,h in Wilshire, was made Lord Hungerforde also.
Item, on Corpus Christi daie i the ICinge and the Queene rode

a Audley, writing to Cromwell in 1533, says, "Lothe I am to move for eny thynge
if a litel necessite compelled me not; whiche necessite hath growen by the great
charges thai I had before I had the Seale, by reson that I was Serj eaunt at the
Kynge's Grace commandment, [which] cost me 400 markes."-State Papers, vol. i.
part 2, p. 389.
b His speech is printed in Latin in the Journals of the Lords, vol. i. p. 84.
c 'V olsey's palace at Whitehall.
d It was in this session of Convocation that the two religious parties openly
divided, the one to promote, and the other to oppose, the Reformation. Cranmer
was at the head of the former, being supported by Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, Shaxton
of Sarum, Latimer of Worcester, Fox of Hereford, Bilsey of Rochester, and Barlow
of St. David's. Lee, Archbishop of York, was leader of the latter, and wìth him
were Stokesley, Bishop of London, Tonstal of Durham, Gardiner of Winchester,
Longland of Lincoln, Sherburn of Chichester, Nix of Norwich, and lUte of
Carlisle.
e Hugh Latimer, consecrated September, 1535. f June 6th, 1536.
g Viscount Beauchamp, of Hache, co. Somerset.
h Heytesbury, on the river 'Viley, near Salisbury Plain. It was once the
resi(lence of Queen 1\Iaud, and passed thl'ough the Burghershs and Badlesmercs to
the Hungerfords.
i The Thursday after Trinity Sunday, being June 15th.

A.D. 1536.

48

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

fro In Yorke Place to "r estrninstre Abbay, ,vith all his lordes,
spirituall and ternporall, riding afore him, and the Queene following
next after him, wi th her ladies ryding next after her; and when
they were cornen into the abbay their they ,vent into procession;
first, all the abbottes quire fol1owing after the crosse in rich copes
of cloath of goulde, the abbott himself following with his miter; then
all the ICinges chappell in rich copes of cloath of gould; after thelll
follo\ved all the abbot.tes, being Lordes of the Perliamente, in their
habettes, without copes; after them all the bi
hopps in their
habettes, without copes; then the to,v Archbishopps of Canterberie
and Yorke in their habettes, without copes, with the crosses afore
them; then follo'wed the Bishopp of Chichester,a being also Deane
of the ICinges Chappell, in a rich cope and Inytred, bearing the
sacrament of the alter, the sub-deane bearing it with hiln also,
under a rich cannopie of cloath of gold, fower of the gromes of the
Privie Chalnber bearing the c9nnopie, and fower other grolnes of
the Privie Chamber bearing fower staffe torches; then followed the
ICing, the Earle of Sussex bearing the swerde, the Duke of Norfolke
bearinge the golden staife as l\Iarshall of Englande, and my Lordc
Chauncelor \vith the ICinges Great Seale borne before hiln, the
cheiffe peeres of the realme following the Kinge; then the Queene,
Iny Ladie l\Iarie b Duglas bearing up the traine of her gowne; then
followed the ladies and the Queenes maides, and after them followed
all the 10rdes in their degrees; and then hie lllasse beganne, the
ICing kneeling in his traveise at the alters end, and the Queene in
another travers against him, and at the offitarie they offred booth;
masse being donne, they rode to Yorke Place againe in the same
order they went from thence, whic.h ,vas a goodlic sight.

a Richard Sampson, LL.D. of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, recently consecrated
Bishop of Chichester, upon the resignation of Robm'Ì Sherburn, to whom was
reserved a pension of 400l.-See Rymer's Fædera, xiv. p. 570.
b Probably a mistake for 1Iargarct Douglas, daughter of Archibald sixth Earl of
Angus and }'lal'garet Queen Dowager of Scots; she was therefore niece to I{ing
Henry VIII.

'VRIOTllESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

49

This yeare, on Sanct Peters daie, a after l\Iidsomlner, was a great A.D. 153(t
triunluphe on t.he Thames before Yorke Place afore the ICing and
Queene, for their was a great boote Inade like a caricke,b goodlie
trYlnlned with targattes and ordinance and full of men of armes, and
also their was three other bootes made like foistes,c which warred
against the carick, and so shott great peeces of ordinance one
against another by the space of to,v howers long; and the foystes
fell abording of the caricke, and in bording it a gentleman, d a
servant of Sir Henrie I(nevettes, fell betwene the caricke and the
foyst that he was in, and so was drowned; also a gonne brake in
one of the foistes and brake a great peece of the syde of the same,
so that the said foist sanke, but the Inen that were in her were
saved, for it ,vas a lowe water, and divers other persons were hurt
with gonnes, a.nd so the I\:ing caused them to leave fighting; their
dartes and Inorris pikes were stuffed at the endes with woll and
leather, and their s\vordes were Inade of woode; and then was
justing at the tilte before the said Yorke Place on the lande, where
were divers speares broken of divers yonge lordes and squires,
\vhich was a goodlie sight to beholde; the ICing and the Queene
standing in the gatehowse beholding them.
Item, this yeare, in Trinitie terme, the Soundaie after Corpus
Christi daie,e the Erle of Wilshire, Sir Thomas Bolleine, father to
Queene Anne, delivered the IGnges Privie Seale, wherof he was
Custos, into the ICinges handes; and after Sainct Peeters daie, f at
l\Iidsolnmer, 1\11'. Tholnas Crumwell, Secretarie to the ICinges Grace
and l\laster of the Rolls, had the Privie Sea.le delivered to hiln, to
be Lorde and Custos ther04 and
lr. Christopher IIales, being then
the ICinges Atturney in the La,v, w"as made l\laster of the Rolls,

a June 2Ðth.
b A carac was a large ship of burden, like a galleon.
c A foist was a light and fast-sailing vessel.
d "One Gates, gentleman."-Stow.
e June 18th.
f June 2Ðth.

CAl\ID. SOC.

H

50

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CIIRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. and another was Inade the I\:inges Atturney, named 1\11'. Baker,a
sometyme Recorder of London.
3 marriages This yeare, the 3 daye of July, beinge 1\Iondaye, was a greate
in the Erle of d
Rutland's soletnpnytie of Inarriage kept at the nonnerye of Halywe11,b besy e
house at Haly- London, in the Erle of Rutt1andes place, w.here the Erle of
well.
" T h t Oxfordes sonne and he y er, caUed Lord Bulbeke,c Inaryed the Erle
,\' ereun 0
the King came of "T estmorelandes eldest daughter, named Ladye Dorytye, and the

Y:
ke Erle of 'Vestn10relandes sonne and heyre, ca11ed Lord NeveU,d
maske. Inaryed the Erle of Rutt1andes eldyste daughter, named Ladye
Anne, and the Erle of Rutlandes sonne and heire, called Lord
Roosse,e lnaryed the Erle of 'Vesttnorelandes daughter, named
Ladye l\Iargaret; and all these three lordes were Inaryed at one
Inasse, goinge to churche all 3 together on by another, and the
ladyes, there wyfes, followinge one after another, everye one of the
younge ladycs havinge 2 younge lordes goinge one everye syde of
thelTI ,vhen they went to church, and a younge ladye bearinge up
everye of their gowne traynes; at which maryage was present all
the greate estates of the realme, both lordes and ladyes; the Lorde
Chaunseler of England and the Duke of N orfolke leadinge the
Lorde Bulbekes wyffe hOlne frol11 the church, the Duke of Suffolke
and the Lord 1\Iarques of Dorset leedinge the Lord K evelles wyffe,
and the ErIe of Dflrbye and the ErIe of Surrey ledinge the Lord
Roosse "\vyffe; and after masse there was a greatc dynner, and
c1iyerse greate di
hes and delicate meates ,vith sottcltes, and diverse
lnanner of instrlunentes playinge at the same, which were to longe
to expresse; ånd after dynner the I\:inges grace came theder in a

" John Baker, knighted in 1540, und made Chancellor of the Exchequer for life.
b St. John the Baptist's Benedictine nunnery at Holywell, in the parish of St.
Leonard, Shoreditch.
C John de Vere, son of Sir John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and Baron Bulbeck or
Bolehec, which latter title was inherited by the De Veres from Isabel, sole daughter
and heiress of "\Yalter de Bolebec, married to Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, in the
reign of Henry II.
d Henr)', son of Ralph Nevill, Baron Nevill of Raby, and Earl of Westmoreland.

Henry, sOp' of Thomas :Manners, Baron Roos of IIamlake, and Earl of Rutland.

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

51

Inaske, rydynge froln Yorke Place, with 11 more with him, vvherof A.D. 1536.
the ICinge and 7 more with him ware garmentes aftcr the Turkes
fashion, richlye cInbrodred \vith gold, with Turkes hattes of blake
velwett and whyte feethers on there heades and vysars on their
faces, and 4 other ware arayed in purple sarcenett, lyke Turkc
,
which ,vere as their pages, and so they daunsed with the ladyes a
good while; and th
n the J{inge putt of his visar and shewyd
hilTIselfe; and then the J{inge had a greate bankett of 40 dyshes,
"\vherin was diverse sotteltes and Ineates, which ,vas a goodlye sight
to behold. The bankett endyd, tILe ICinge with his COlTIpanye
departed thense, and rode agayne to Yorke Place in their maskinge
gannentes as they came thether.
This yeare, on ReIi.ques Soundaye, beinge the 9 daye of J uIye,
the Lord Fyzt- 'Varen a was created ErIe of Bathe at Yorke Place
by 'Vestlnynster, and the morrowe after 1\11". Thomas Cro111well
was nlade Lord Cromewell by the ICinges letter patent under the
J\:inges brode seale; and the Thursdaye afore Reliques Sondaye b
the Ladye l\Iarye, daughter to the ICinge by Quecne J{atheryn,
was brought rydinge from Hunsedonne c secretly in the nyght to
IIacknaye, and [that] after-none the ICinge and the Qucene CalTIC
theder, and there the ICinge spake "\vith his deare and wel beloved
daughter l\Iarye, which had not spoken ,vith the ICinge her father
in five yere afore, and there she relnayned ,vith the ICynge
tyll Frydaye at nyght, and then she roode to I-Iunsdane agayne
secretelye. d
Alsoe on Twesdaye, the 18 daye of J ulye, the Parlyament brake
upp and was cleane dyssolvcd; at afternone the JCinge and all his
lonles syttinge in there Parlyalnent robes, and alsoe the French

a John Bourchier, Baron II'itz-""V a1'Îne.
b July 6th.
C Mal'y's known affection for her mother, and attachment to the old discipline of
the Church, had caused her seclusion at Hunsdon, in Hertfordshire.
d This interview of the Princess IVlary followed close upon her letter of submission
and her cOllfession.-See "State Papers," vol. i. part ii. pp. 457-9.

52

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Ambassadors were brought into the Parlyament Chamber to see the
order and Inanner there, which the I{inges Grace hilTIselfe dyd
declare to the sayd .L.\Jnbassadors in Frenche; also 1\11'. Tholnas
Cromewell, otherwise called Lord Crum,vell, Lord Prevaye Seale,
and Secreta rye to the ICinge, was made ICnight there in the Parlia-
ment Chamber, and one 1\11'. Pa,vlet also; also 1\11'. Secretorye,

Ir. Sec.retarie Lord Prevaye Seale, was made Highe Vycar a over the Spiritualtye
made Hlghe d h I T' d d . . I C . h
Vicar over the un er t e\.lnge, an satt Iverse tymes In t 1e onvocatlon o,vse
Spiritualtie. amonge the byshopps as headd over thern.
Also, the twentith daie of Julie, the Convocation brooke upp at
Poules and ,vas dissolved, where the Lord Cruln,vell was present
as the ICinges ''''lcar, and their caused all the bishopps, abbottes,
and all other of the cleargie, being of the Convocation, to subscribe
their names to an Act made their, which is this: b That if the
ICinges Grace or his deputie be cited at any tYlne heareafter by
the Emperoure or Bishopp of Rome to appeare at any Generall
Counsell c kept by theln at any place whatsoeaver it shall be kept;
that the ICing is not bounde to appeare, l}or non other of this reahne
for him, because this reahne is a whole monarchie and an emperiall
sea of itself, and hath power to make lawes and reforme thenl booth
concerning faith and all other lawes, the ICing heere and our
Elnperour d being the onelie suprealll heade of the IIolie Catholike
Church of Engla.nde next Ylnediatlie under God, and his clergie
and Convocation of this realme are utterlie to disanull all the

An Acte of
Convocation
of the Spirit-
ualtie.

a Cromwell was made Vicar-General, having previously been styled Vicegerent in
Ecclesiastical Causes, to which office he was appointed in 1534. In right of his
office of Vicar-General he sat in Convocation above the Archbishop of Canterbury.
-See Burnet, vol. iii. pp. 123, 402.
b This document is printed in "State Papers, Henry VIII." vol. i. p. 543.
C Henry having appealed from the Pope to a General Council, the Pope, in concert
with the Empemr, summoned one to meet at Mantua, before which Henry was cited
to appear, but declined to do so by the advice of Convocation.
d Henry VIII. aspired to the Holy Roman Empire, for which he was a candidate
in 1519, and' assumed the style of" Majesty" in 1527, but I cannot find that he was
ever called Emperor.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

53

Bishopp of ROines auctoritie and lawes, saving fo,ver Generall A.D. 1536.
Councells a which were kept at 1Iycenæ,b &c., as by a booke of
the same it shall appeare, which the whole cleargie of this realme
as recognised the same.
Also t.he twentith tow daie of Julie, Henrie, c Duke of Somersett Death of the
and Richmonde, and Earle of Northampton, d and a base sonne of

e
ftJ
ich-
our soveraigne King Henrie the Eight, borne of n1Y Ladie Taylebuse, King's base
that tyme called Elizabeth Blunt,e departed out of this transitorie sonne.
lief at the Kinges place in Sainct James, within the Kinges Parke
at "\Vestminster. It was thought that he ,vas privelie poysoned by
the meanes of Queene Anne and her brother Lord Rotchford, for he
pined inwardlie in his bodie long before he died; f God knoweth the
truth therof; he was a goodlie yong lord, and a toward in many
qualities and feates, and was maried to the Duke of N orfolkes
daughter named Ladie l\farie,g and her mother was daughter to

a The first four General Councils.-See "State Papers, Henry VIII." vol. i.
p. 543.
b A mistake for Nicænum, or Nice, in Bithynia, where the first General Council
by Constantine was held in 325.
C Henry, surnamed FitzRoy, when six years old was made Knight of the Garter,
and created Duke of Richmond and Somerset, June 18th, 1525. So great was his
father's affection for him, that, on July 26th following, he was constituted Admiral
of England, and, two years after, made Warden of the Marches towards Scotland.
The Lieutenancy of Ireland was subsequentJy granted to him by patent, but, on
account of his minority, Sir vVilliam Skeffington was constituted his deputy. It
has been suggested that Henry procured the Act of Parliament empowering him to
bequeath his crown, in order that he might settle it upon young Henry in the event of
his having no male issue by Jane Seymour .-See Heylin, Hist. of the Reformation, p. 6.
d Nottingham, as correctly given in Stow.
e Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, knt. and widow of Gilbert, Lord
Talboys, famous for her beauty and accomplishments. She remarried Edward
Clinton, first Earl of Lincoln, to whom she was first wife.
f It is curious that, only a few weeks before his death, Henry FitzRoy is relatecl
by our Chronicler to have been present at the execution of his father's wife, Anne
Boleyn.-See p. 41.
g Daughter of Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, and sister of the
celebrated Henry, Earl of Surrey, who was the constant attendant on Prince
Henry.

54

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. the last Duke of Buckhingame; a but the said yonge duke had neaver
layne by his wife, and so she is maide, wife, and now a ,vidowe; I
praie God send her now good fortune; and he was buried at Thetforde
in the countie of N orfolke.
Also, in this moneth of Julie, the Lord Thomas Haward,
yongest brother to the Duke of Norfolke, was sent to the To,ver
of London for making a privie contracte of Inatrirnonie bctweene
the Ladie 1vlargarett Duglas and him, which ladie is daughter to
the Queene of Scottes b by the Earle of Anguishe, and neece to the
J{inge; and the said Lord Thomas ,vas atteynted by the hoole
Perliament for the said contracte, as shall appeare by an Act of
Perlialnent made for the same; C and also the Ladie J\Iargarett
Duglas ,vas cOlnitted after to the Tower of London, also for the salne. d
This yeare, in August, the scisme, seased heere in Englande, of
the diversitie of preaehers for the ICing, sent a booke of certaine
Articles concerning the articles of our faith and other ceremonies of
the Church,e the which tbe bishopps of this realrne should cause to
be declared in their diocese es J; and also another bill for the abro-
gation of certaine holie daies falling in harvest tyme and the Terme

a Eùward Stafford, beheaded on Tower Hill in 1521, having incurred the
displeasure of Henry VJII. who was already jealous of his descent from Thomas of
Woodstock and Edward III., his mother, the late Duchess of Buckingham, being
sister of Queen "Elizabeth and aunt of Edward V.
b
largaret, daughter of Henry VII., after the death of James IV. of Scotland at
Flodùen Field, married Douglas, Earl of Angus.
c 28 Hen. VIII. cap. xviii. By which it was made high treason to espouse or
marry, without the King's licence under the Great Seal first obtained, any of the
King's children, his sisters or aunts, or their children, being the King's nieces and
nephews.
d She was liberated in the year following, upon the death of her lover in the
Tower.
e Convocation agreed upon certain articles, which were digested in fonn of
constitutions defining the doctrine and ceremonies to be observed in the Church.
These constitutions being presented to the King, he made various alterations in them
with his own hand, and then caused them to be signed by Cromwell, Cranmer,
seventeen bishops, forty abbots and priors, and fifty archdeacons and proctors of the
Lower House of Convocation.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

55

tyme, the which the King, as supreame head of the Church, with A.D. 1536.
his prelates and cleargie of this reahne, had assented and consented,
in their convocation, to be observed and kept from thencefourth
through all this realme of Englande, as by the said Act Inore planelie
shall appeare. a
Also, in the beginning of September, Sir Thomas Crumwell,
Lord Crumwell, ICeeper of the Privie Seale of our soveraigne lorde
the l{inge, Vicegerent to the same of all his jurisdiction eccle-
siasticall, visiting, by the l{inges supreame aucthoritie ecclesiasticall,b
the people and c1eargie of this reahne of Englande, sent out, under
the l{inges Spirituall Seale, certaine Injunctions c to the prelates
and cleargie of this real me, for a good and vertuous order to be
kept and had of the said cleargie, and declaring by the said
Injunctions how the curates should preach and teatch their
parishiones the "Pater noster," " A vee," and" Creede," the Com-
mandementes of God, and the Articlees of the Faith in our maternall
English tonge, d with other certaine Injunctions for and concerning
the vertuous living of the said cleargie, in geving good ensample to
their parishioners, under a cel'taine paine Iymitted for the same for
the said cleargie that doe breake the salne.
Also the coronation of the Queene, which should have bene the
Soundaie before Allhalowen daie,e was putt of because of death
· By the eighth article of these constitutions it was enacted that saints might be
prayed to for their intercession, so that it were done without superstition, and that
the days set apart for their memories were to be observed, power being reserved to
the King to lessen their number.
b This was the first act of pure supremacy done by the King, for in all that went
before he had acted with the concurrence of Convocation.
C These Injunctions (which have been printed by the University of Oxford) only
enforced the orders for ecclesiastical discipline previously ordained by several synods,
but were extremely unpahttaLle to the clergy, who asserted that they were going to
be enslaved by the Vicegerent much more than they had ever been by the Pope.
d Henry ordered the Scriptures in English to be distributed, a copy for every
parish church, and that the clergy should expound the Church creeds in English.
C The 2Ðth October. The intended coronation of Queen Jane is thus mentioned
in a letter of Sir Ralph Sadleyr to Cromwell, of the 27th September, preserved in
the PuLlic Record Office: "After souper his Grace [Henry VIII.] retourned into

56

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. that was in London, and also the TearIne was retorned till the
morro'we after All Sainctes daie. a
This yeare, also, in the beginning of October, at aSSIse for the
I\:inges su bsidi e kept in L yncolneshire, the people made an In-
surrection,b and made of them tow captaines,c the one being a
lnonke and the other a shoomaker,d and so increased to the number
of t'wentie to,v thousand persons or In ore ; and they tooke divers
Iordes and gentlenlen of the countrey, and caused theinl to be
sworne to thelll upon certaine articles which they had devised,
which, as they said, ,vas for the COllllnonwelth of England; e and
such as wold not be sworne to theln they kept theln as prisoners;
and they beheaded a chaplaine of the Bishopp of L yncolne, f which
was his chaunceler, insomuch as the I\:ing was faine to prepare an
armie against theme, and sent the Duke of Suffolke, the Earle of
Shrewesberie, and the Earle of Rutlande against theIn, ,vith an
host of men; g and also sent an harold of annes to theIn, declaring
his chamber, and ymedyately called me [Sadleyr] unto him, saying that he had
dygested and revolved in his brest the contentes of your letters, and perceyving how
the plague had reigned in Westminster, and in the Abbey itself, his Grace sayed
that he stode in a suspence whether it were best to put of the tyme of the coronacyon
for a season. "Vherefore,' quod he, 'it were good that all my counsai1e were
assembled here, that we might consulte and determyn uppon every thing touching
the same accordinglye.'" a November 2nd.
b The provocatives to this insurrection are said to have been the innovations in
religion, the harshness of the collectors in levying the fifteenths lately granted by
Parliament, the enforcement of the Statute of Uses, and the suppression of the
monastic houses, which were wont to relieve the wants of the poor.
e The two captains of the rebels here alluded to were Dr. :Makerell, the Prior of
Barlings or Oxley, and one Cobbler, by som\
supposed to be only a synonym for the
Prior, but by others a cobLler by trade.
d From a document printed in the first volume of " State Papers " it would appear
that the real name of Captain Cobbler was Melton.
e Henry's answer to the petitions of the rebels in Lincolnshire has been preserved,
and is printed in the first volume of " State Papers."
f John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford,
was a very unpopular prelate.
g See Instructions for pacifying the rebellion in Lincolnshire, Harleian MSS.
Cod. 283, Art. 24.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHROXICLE.

57

them tray tors to God and the ICing, ,vherupon they, hearing of A.D. 153H.
the J{inges provision against them, sublnitted them to the J{ingcs
mercie,a abiding such order as the J\:inges pleasure should be; howbeit,
their captaines fleedd, and entised other countreies to their lnyndes.
Also the 9th daie of October a priest and a bocher ,vere hanged
at 'Yindsore for ,vordes speaking against the J{ing,b the butcher
was hanged afore the Court gate, and the priest ,vas hanged on a
tree at "\Yindsore townes end, upon the Thames side.
This yeare also, on Sainct Edwardes daie,c at the election of the
major, the J{inges letter was sent to elect 1\11'. Raffe Warren, marcel',
for major for the yeare followinge, which was incontynent chosen
by the assente of the Commens accordinge to the J{inges 111ynde.
This moneth of October also their was an insurrection in Y orke-
shire,d and they made of them a captaine called Robart Aske, being
an atturney of the la\ve and felowe of Graies Inne, the which people
increased to a grea.t nu]nber,e and tooke the Archbishopp of Yorke
and the Lord .Darcy f and caused them to be sworne to their partie,g
insomuch that the King sent the Duke of N orfolke, ,vith an arn1ie
of lnenn, and the Earle of Shre,vesberie,h to fight with then1, and

a The insurgents submitted, but did not disperse till the 30th of October.
b From Hall's Chronicle we learn the particulars of their offence: "There was a
butcher dwelling within five miles of Windsor, where the King then lay, who caused
a priest to preach that all such as took part with the Yorkshire rebels, whom he
Darned God's people, did fight and defend God's quarrel; and, further, the said
butcher, in selling of his meat, answered a customer who bid him a less price, ' Na
r,
by God's soul, I had rather the good fellows of the North had it among them, and a
score more of the hest I have.' " c October 13th.
d This insurrection was much more dangerous than that of the Lincolnshire men,
as it was privily supported by several persons of note.
e 40,000 according to Hall, p. 822.
f Thomas, Lord D'Arcy, who was forced to surrender Pontefract Castle for want .
of provisions.
g The rebels caused an who joined their party to take an oath" that they entered
into this Pilgrimage of Grace for the love of God, the preservation of the King's
person and issue, the pnrifying of the nobility, and the suppression of heretics," &c.
h The ]
ar1 of Shrewsbury was appointed the King's Lieutenant north of Trent,
and the Duke of Norfolk was dispatched into Yorkshire with an army of 5,000 men.
CAl\IJ). SOC. I

58

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. a daie of battell was apoynted by them, which \vas the eaven of
Simon and Jude the Apostles,a butt, as God would, their fell such
raine b the night before they should have foughten, that they \vere
so wett and their artillerie that they cold not dra,ve their bowes
nor shoote,C wheruppon, at the request of the Duke of Norfolke,d
they desired him to sue to the I\:inge for their pardon, and that
they n1ight have their liberties as of ould tYlne they were ,vont
to have; for they were so oppressed with taxes and putting downe
of religious howses that were \yont to keepe great hospitalitie
unonge
theime, that no,v they could have no relief nor living for theim,
their wives, and children, in so lTIuch that they had rather die then
live in povertie, ,vherfore they besought the I{ing to be mercifull
unto thelTI; wheruppon the Duke e rode in post to the ICinge to
'Vinsore to knowe his pleasure herein, and so appeased theln f upon
trust to have redresse of divers thinges, according to a bill of
certaine articles g of Robert ...\skes devisinge.

!IENRICI VIII. Anno 28.

This yeare, the 12 of K ovelTIber, beinge Sonday, there ,vas a priest
bore a fagott at Paules crosse standinge in his surplesse for heresie,
,vhich priest did celebrate at his ma8se with ale.

a October 27th.
b This narrative is somewhat different from that given in Hall, who says, "there
fell a small rain, nothing to speak of," but that the water in the river suddenly rose,
p. 823.
C The rebels' army was well appointed with captains, horse, harness, and artillery.
- Hall, p. 822.
d The Duke of Norfolk, as leader of the lay Catholics, although commanding the
royal forces, was nevertheless trusted by the rebel leaders, with whom he kept up a
correspondence.
e The Duke of Norfolk was accompanied by Sir Ralph Ellerkar and Robert
Bowes, whom the rebels sent with him.-Herbert, p. 206.
f The conference was held at Doncaster on the 6th December.
g The paper presented by the Northern delegates contained ten demands, being
longer than that sent up by the men of Lincolnshire, but the chief grounds of
complaint were the same in both.

'VRIOTHESJ..EY'S CHRONICLE.

59

AIlso the 13th of November 1\11'. Robarte Paginton,a mercers was A.D. 1536.
slayne ,vith a gunn goeinge froln his howse at Soper Lane to St.
Thomas of Acres to heare masse bet,vene 5 and 6 of the clocke in
the morninge, and was not knowne who sle"ve him.
Allso the 22 th day of December, beinge Fridaye, 1\11'. Ralfe
'Varen, l\Iajor, was presented to the I\:ing by the Recorder of
London to confinne his election for this yeare, accordinge to an oulde
statute made for the saIne, which the I\:ing allowed this saIne daye,
and al1so made the saide 1\11'. \\T aren knight 'with his owne handes in
his great Chalnber of Presence at 'Vestrninster; and after that incon-
tinent the I\:inges Grace, the Queens Grace, and my Ladye l\Iarye,b
the I{inges daughter, tooke their horses at the sayde Pallase of 'Vest-
mynster accolnpaned with a goodlye company of lordes, ladyes,
and gentelhnen, and so roode from thense throughe the Cittye of The King and
L d G 1 1 d . c 1 I T' . 1 Queen and the
on on to renwyc 1, tIe mayre ry lnge alore tIe \.lnge WIt 1 a Ladye Marye
nlase in his hand, as his livetennal1te of his grcate Chalnber ofrydynge
I d . 1 1 h ld . ] ' d 1 C . f L thorowe Lon-
...on on, wIt 1 al tea ernlen 111 t len or er, t Ie Ittye 0 ondon don to Grene-
beinge caste with gravell in the streetes from Temple Barr to the wich.
bridg-foote in Southwarke, and all the streetes richlye behanged
with Tiche gold and arras; the 4 orders of fryars standinge in Flett
Streete in coopes of gold with crosses and candelstickes and senseI'S
to sense the J{inge and Queene 3S they roode by them; the
Bishopp of London,c the Abbott of "r altham, the Abbott of Towre
lIill,d beinge Inytherd, with all Powlcs quier sta.ndinge at the ,vest
doore of Powles in rich coopcs sensinge the I(inge and Queene as
thcy passed by them, and froln the north doore of Po\vles church-
yard next Cheep to the bridge-foote, 2 preistes of everye pa.rishe
church in London standinge in coopes with the best crosse of everye

a Robert Packington, mercer, dwelling at the sign of the Leg in Cheapside-
Han, p. 824.
b The Princess l\fary having this year subscribed the articles of submission pro-
pounded by Cromwell, was received into favour, and had a suitable establi
hment
assigned her.
e .T ohn Stokesley.
rl Of the Crutched Friars at Tower Hill.

60

'YRIOTH.ESLEY'S CllHONICLE.

A.D. 1536-7. parrishe churche and candylstickes and senseI'S, and all the craftes
of the cittie standinge in their best liveryes ,vith hoodes on their
sholders, ,vhich ,vas a goodlye sight to beholde. The cause of the
I(inges rydinge throughe London ,vas because the Tames ,vas so
frosynne that there might no bootts goe there on for yse.
A French Allsoe the 23 daye of December there ,vas a preiste drawen from
priest put to 1 r I
f L d
I th t Ie ower 0 ondon to T y borne , and there hanged and q uartere ,
(ea .

for counterfettinge the Kinges signe manuell, which preiste was a
French lnan borne and keeper of the I\::inges place att Saynt Jalnes
within the parke at 'Vestmynster.
[A.D. 1537.] This yeare a in the beginninge of Lente the ICinge, as Suprelne
A P t
ocIa- Hedd of the Church of England, derected his writtes by pro-
ma IOn to eate U
white meates clalnation througheout this his reahne, that, whereas herringe and
in Lent. other vitells was deare by the occasion of the ,varl'S betwene the
Emperoure and the Frenche ICinge, that all manner people of this
his realme Inight eate egges, butter, cheese, and mylke this tilne of
Lente without any scrupulosytie of conscience, soe that they should
abstayne from fleshlye Ineatcs, and specyallye frOln synn and the
occasion therof, for that is the principall faste, as all Scripture witt-
nesyth, to the ,vhich he gave his speciall lycense by his supreme
auctorytie.
This yeare after Christmas ther ,vas a skyrmishe at Hull in Y orke-
she[reJ bet,vene the towne and one IIalanl and Frances Bygott,b
which IIalam and Bygott had raysed a greate cOlnpanye of rebells to
have taken the towne and so to have Inade a newe insurrection, but,
by the wisdome of Sir Rafe Elderkar C and the l\IaYl'e uf Hull and
of the towne, the sayd Halaln was takne and 60 of the rebells with
out any Inurder; which IIalam was after hanged in chaynes and
too more with him at the sayde to"\vne of Hull for the sayd treason,
and Frances Bygott fled, soe that he was not taken, and the Duke
of N orfolke roode theder as the I\:inges lyvetenant to appease the
sayde rebells and kepe the countrye in peace.

a The chronology at the commencement of this year is somewhat confused.
b Sir Fraucis Bigod or Bigote, of Yorkshire. C :sir Ralph Ellerkar.

WRIOTH.E
LEY'S CHRONICLE.

61

This yeare, in Aprill 1536,a certen comyssions were sente into A.D. 1537.
the weste countrye in Son1ersett shere for to take upp corne, wher
upon the people of the eountrye begann to ryse and make an
insurrection; howe be ytt by the meanes of younge 1\11'. Pawlett,b
and other greate men, the cheife beginners therof ,vare taken, and
60 of theln condelnned, wherof 14 per::;ons ware hanged and
quartered, one beinge a ,voman, and the rest had their pardon.
This "daye," C in Februarye and l\Iarch, were divers of the
rebells that made insurrections in October last past in Lyncolne
shere and Yorke shire put to death in the sayd sheres, one beinge
a gentelhnan of the Inner Telnple in London, called 1\11'. l\loyne,
which was hanged and quartered at Lyncolne, and an abbott also,
and diverse religious persons, hanged.d
Thys yere also, the T"wesdaye after Passyon Sondaye,e at 10 of
the clocke at night, there was a greate thunder and lightninge at
Calys, which sett the steple of Our Ladye churche on fire in the
sayd towne; and the daye afore at Cohllnme,í a Inyle froln Calys,
serten persons makinge Inerye in a howse att night, suddenlye
appeared an10nge them a spirito in lykenes of a man, and suddenlye
vanyshed awaye, carriinge a parte of the house a,vaye with him,
,vhich tydinges ware broughte to London by the Lord Lyeles
sarvauntes, beinge the I\:inges debytie at Calys,g in Ester weeke.
This yere alsoc, the 3 daye of Februarye, 1536[-7J, the Lord
Tholnas Fyzt-Garett,h sone to the [late] Lord l{yldaye, and 5 of

a :Mistake for 1537.
b Thomas Poulet, younger brother of Sir William Poulet.
c :Mistake for " year."
d Henry wrote to Norfolk to take severe vengeance and not to spare the monks
and clergy.
e :March 20th.
f Coulogne.
g Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, was Deputy of Calais from 1533 to 1540,
and died a prisoner in the Tower in 1542.
h Thomas Fitzgerald, called Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, was tenth Earl of KUdare,
to which title he :mcceeded upon the death of his father, the great :Earl of Kildare,
in the Tower. lIe was attainted in 153G, and hanged in 1537.

62

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. his uncles, ware drawen from the Tower of London to Tyborne and
there hanged, their bowells brente, and their bodyes quartered, for
treason, which sayd persons ,vere condemned by the whole ParJya-
ment Howse, and attaynted of treason; God have mercye one their
sowles.
This yere, the 27 daye of l\Iarch) Anno 1537, my Lord Chaun-
seIer a sat at the Guildhall in London, where ,vere araigned afore
him 12 of the rebells of Lincolnesheire, and that daye condemned
to deathe, and the 29 daye of l\Iarch, beinge Shore Thursdaye,b the
sayde 12 persons C were drawen from Ne"wgate to Tyburne, and
there hanged and quartered, of the which persons 5 ware preistes,
one of them an abbott called Doctor l\lakerell,d and another the
'Ticar of Loothe e in Lyncolnshire; God pardon their so\vles.
[Anno Reg. 29.] This yere, the 15 daye of J\Iaye, 1537, and the 29 yere of the
reigne of ICinge Henry the VIII. there were araighned at 'Vest-
mynster afore the I\:inges c01nlnissioners, w herof the Lord l\iarqucs
of Excester f was that daye hyest, syttinge under the clothe of
estate representinge the ICinges person, as his Highe Stuard of
England, \vith a greate nOlnber of the peeres and nobles of this
realme joyned with him in the sayde cOlnmyssion, these persons
followinge, that is to saye, the Lord Darsey g of Y orkeshire and the
I.Jord Hussey h of Lyncolneshire, which too Iordes ware endighted
of highe treason against the I\:inge, and this daye attcynted and
caste of the same treason by a jurye of their peres, wherfore they
had judglnent geven them by the sayd Lord l\larques, to be drawen,
hanged, and quartered, accordinge to the o,vld judgment of this
reahne concerninge all cases of treason.

a Sir Thomas Audeley.
b The day before Good FridaJ.
C Five priests and seven Iaymen.-Stow.
d l\fatthew l\fakerel, Prior of Barlings or Oxney.
e Louth.
f Henry Courtenay, Earl of Devon and :Marquis of Exeter, K.G.
g Sir Thomas Darcy, a Privy Councillor, created Lord Darcy, K.G.
h Sir John Husee or Hussey, created Lord Hussey in 1534.

'VIUOTHESLEY'S CIIRONICJ
E.

63

Alsoe, the 16 daye of l\laye, there were arraighned at 'Vest- A.D. 1537.
mynster afore the I\" ynges COlnmyssyoners, the Lord Chaunsler a
that daye beinge the cheiffe, these persons followinge: Sir Roberte
Constable, knight, Sir Thomas Percye,b knight, and brother to the
Erie of Xorthumberland, Sir Jhon Bolner,c knight, and Rafe
Bolner, his sonn and heire, Sir Francis Bygot, knight, 1\Iargrett
Ccyney,d after[ w"ards J Ladye Bolner, by untrue matrytnonye, George
Lomeley, e
quier, Robert Aske, gentleman, that was captayne
in the [in Jsurrection of the northen lnen, and one Hamcrton,e
esquier, all w"hich persons were endighted of highe treason agaynste
the ICinge, and that daye condemned by a jurye of knightes and
esquires for the same, ,vhereupon they had sentence to be drawen,
hanged, and quaTtered; but Rafe Bolner, the sonne of John Bolner,
was reprived and had noe sentence.
Alsoe, the 17 daye of 1\laye, were arrayned at "r estmynster
these persons followinge: Doctor Cokerell, prieste and chanon,
John Pykeringe, layman, the Abbot of Gervase,c and an Abbott
condalll of F ountens,g of the order of pyed monkes, the Prior of
Briàlington,h chanon, Docter ,John Pykeringe, fryer of the order of
prechers, and :Kicholas Tempeste, esquire, all which persons were that
daye condemned of highe treason, and had judgment for the same.
And, the 25 daye of l\Iaye, beinge the Frydaye in 'Vhytsonweke, Rebells putt to
Sir John Bolner, Sir Stephen Harnerton, knightes, were hanged and

.at Ty-
heddyd, Kicbolas Tempeste, esquier, Docter Cokerell, preiste,
Abbott condam i of F ountens, and Docter Py keringe, fryer, ,vare

a Sir Thoma.s Audeley.
b Sir Thomas Percy, second son of the fifth Earl of Northumberland, and brother
to Henry Algernon, sixth Earl.
e Sir John Bulmer.
d :Margaret Cheyney, otherwise Lady Bulmer.
e Sir Stephen Hamelton.
f Adam Sod bury, Abbot of Jervaulx, ill Yorkshire.-Stow.
g William Thurst, quondam Abbot of :Fouutains.-Stow.
h 'Villiam Wood, Prior of Bridlillgton.-Stow.
I William Thurst, quondam Abbot of Fountains.

A.D. 1537.

rargarett
Cheny burnt.

A solemnitie
at Powles.

64

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

drawen from the Towre of London to Tyburne, and ther hanged,
boweld, and quartered, and their hedes sett one London Bridge and
diverse gates in London.
And the same daye l\fargaret Cheyney, "other ,vife to Bohner
callcd,"a was dra\ven after them from the Tower of London into
Slnythfyld, and there brente, accordinge to hir judgment, God
pardon her sowle, beinge the Frydaye in 'Vhytson ,veeke; she was
a very fayre creature and a bewtyfull.
.AJsoe, the 27 daye of l\faye, 1537, being Trynytie Sondaye,
there ,vas Te Deum sounge in Powles for joye of the Queenes
quickninge of childe, my Lord Chaunseler, r;ord Privaye Seale,
with diverse other lordes and bishopps, beinge then present; the
mayre and aldermen with the oeste craftes of the Cyttye beinge
there in their lyveryes, all gevinge laude and prayse to God for
joye of the same; "V her the Bishopp of"\V orcester, called Docter
LatYlner, made an oration afore all the Lordes and Comlnons,
after Te Deum was songe, shewinge the cause of their asselnblye,
,vhich oration was mervelouse fruitefull to the hearers; and alsoe
the saIne night was diverse greate fyers made in London, and a
hogeshed of w"ine at everye fyer for poore people to drinke as longe
as yt ,voulde laste; I praye Jesue, and it be his will, send us a
prInce.
The second daie of June, being Saterdaie after Trinitie Soundaie,
this yeare Sir ThOlnas Percey, knight, and brother to the Earle of
Northumberland, was drawen froln the Tower of London to Tiburne,
and their hanged and beheaded, and Sir Frances Bigott, knight,
Georg Lomeley, esquire, sonne to the Lord Lomeley,b the Abbott
of Gervase,c and the Prior of Bridlington, were drawen from the

a This should no doubt be "otherwise called Lady Bulmer." Stow says" other-
wise Lady Bulmer." Hall gives the explanation, "Sir John Bulmer and his wife,
which some reported was not his wif
, but his paramour," foJ. 232.
b By the attainder of George Lumley the barony became extinct upon the death of
his father, but was restored in 1547 by Act of Parliament in favonr of his son
John.
C J ervaulx or J oreval.

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

6.5

said place to Tiburne, and their hanged and quartered, according A.D. lñ37.
to their judgnlente, and their heades sett on London Bridge and
other gates of London; Sir Thomas Percies bodie was buried at
the Crossed Friel's a besides the Tower of London.
This yeare, the twentie eight daie of June, and the caven of
Sainct Peter and Paule, the Lorde IIussey, Sir Robert Constahle,
and Robert Aske, were caried on horsebacke from the To,ver of
London into their countries, and their to suffer execution of death
according to their j udglnent.
This yeare, the 30th daie of June, the Lord Darcye 'vas beheaded
at the Tower Hill, and his head sett on London Bridge, and his
bodie buried at the Crossed Friars beside the Tower of London.
Also the Lord IIussey ,vas beheaded at Lyncolne, and Sir Robert
Constable was hanged at Hull in Y orkeshire in chaines. Aske ,vas
hanged in the cittie of Yorke in chaines till he died.
This yeare, on Soundaie the 26th daie of August, the Lord
Crulnwell was lnade I{night of the Garter and stalled at 'V yndsore.
Also this yeare, after Trinitie terme, the sinode of the bishopps
and cleargie of this realme brooke upp, which had contynued from
Februarie hitherto, for an union and reformation of the Church of
Englande, as by a booke of the articles now had in printe h lTIO]'C
planelie appeares.
This yeare, the 11 th daie of October, Anno 1.')37, and the 29th
yeare of the raigne of ICing Henrie the Eight, being Thursdaie,
their was a solempne generall procession in London, ,vith all the
orders of friars, prcistcs, and clarkes going all in copes, the D1ajor
and aldenllen, with all the craftes of the cittic, following in their

a In the Priory of tbe Crouched Friars, situated in Savage Garden, on Tower
Hill, now Crutchedfriars.
b The puhlication of the Ten Articles occasioned great variet.yof censurf'S, tlw
llefonners being scandalised by the determination concerning auricular confe!s
ion
and the real presence, and the Roman Catholics thrown into unspeakable conster-
nation hy t.he rejection of the fundamental articles of their creed, RO long- Rince
determined, tll(' Papal authority al)oJished, and the cxistencf' of pnrg-ntory cfllled in
question.

CA '1 D. ROC.

J

66

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. liveri
s, which was donne to pray for the Queene that ,vas then in
labour of chieldc. And the Inorrowe after, being Fridaie and the
eaven of Sainct Ed\vard,a sometime ICing of Englande, at to\V of
the clocke in the Inorninge the Quecne [was] delivered of a man
chielde b at IIampton Court beside JCingston. And the same daie,
at eight of the clocke in the morning, Te Deum was songe in everie
parish church throughout London,c with all the bens ringing in
everie church, and great fiars made iñ everie streete; and at 9 of
the clocke their was assembled at Pou]es all the orders of friars,
monkes, channons, priestes, and clarkes about London, standing
all about Paules in rich copes, \vith the best crosses and candlestiekes
of everie parrishe church in London; the Bishopp of London, the
Bishopp of Chichestre, Deane of Poules, and the Abbott of West-
lninster being lllitred, the said Bishopp and Deane of Paules making
a conation to the people at the quire clore of Poules, the French
I\:inges embassadour being present, the Lord Chauncelor of Englande,
the Lord Privie Seale, the Lorde l\Iarques Dorsett, with all the
judges and serjeantes of the la\ve; the :l\Iajor of London, with the
orderman [aldermen] and sherives, with all the craftes of London,
standing in their liveries: and after the said collation Poules quire
song an attempne d of the Trinitie, with Te Ðeulll, and the 9th
responde of the Trillitic, ,vith the colect of the same. Then the

" October 12th. Circular letters, in the Queen's name anà under her signet, were
vrepal'('rl, announcing' the birth of Prince Echvard. One of them, addressed to the
Lord Privy Seal, and dated on that day at Hampton Court, is now in the British
l\iuseum, Nero, C. x. leaf 7.
1J The story of Edward's being brougbt into the world by surgical art, and at the
sacrifice of his mother's life, seems to have been invented by Nicolas Sanders, the
J mmit, from whom it was borrowed by Sir John Hayward, and adopted in his life
of Edward VI.-See Kennett's Rist. Engl. vol. ii. p. 273. From this source it found
its way into various historical books. The error appftrentlyoriginated through the
Queen's death having heen assigned to the 14th, only two days after her delivery,
instead of to the 24th.-See p. 69 of this Chronicle.
c As the King hnd caused his two daughters by his former marriages to he
òeclared illegitimate, nothing' could be more acceptable than the birth of a son
whirh put the succe:-:sion of tbp Crown out of all dispute. d Anthem.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CIIl-tONICLE.

ICinges ,vaites and the ,vaites of London plaied with the shaltnes ;
and after that a great peale of gonnes were shott at the To\ver of
London, all \vhich solempnitie ,vas donne to give laude and prayse
to God for joy of our prince.
Also, the SaIne night, at five of the clocke, their was new fiers
made in everie strecte and lane, people sitting at theln banquetting
with fruites and wyne, the shahnes anù waites playing in Cheepc-
side, and hogsheaddes of \vync sett in divers places of the Cittie
for poore people to drinke as long as they listed; the Inajor and
aldennen riding about the cittie thancking the peoplc, and praying
them to give laude and praise to God for our prince; also their
,vas shott at the Tower that night above tow thousand gonns, and
all the bells ringing in evcrie parish church till it was tenne at the
clocke at night; also the marchantes of the Styliard made great
fiers, and brent a hundred sta:ffe torches at their place, and gave a
hogeshed of wyne to poore people, and to,v barrells of beare also.
This yeare, on Sainct Edwarc1cs daie, a at the election of the
maire, the l\:inges lctter \vas sent to electe and chose
Ir. Richard
Gressame,b mercer, for maire for the yeare following, which was
donne at the ICinges comlnandment; howbeit the COnl111enS grudged,
because he had bene alderman but one yeare; for that tyme they
would have had 1\11'. Holes,c which had beene put of three yeares
by the I\:inges letter.
This yeare, the 25th d daie of October, being l\loundaie, the
Prince was christened in the I\:ingcs chappell at Hampton Court,
the Archbishopp of Cantcrberie and the Duke of N orfolke god-
Üühers at the font, and n1Y Ladie
raries grace, the I\:inges
daughter by Queene l{:atherin, godn10ther,e and the Duke or
Suffolke, godfather at the confirlnation, the Princes nalTIe being
a October 13th.
b Father of Sir Thomas Gresham.
c Afterwards
ir William Holles, chosen Lord
layor in 133!).
d Evidently a clerical error for the 15th, which was l\lülllluy, whereas the 23th
"ouhl have been Thursday.
(' It is curious to note the incongruity of the !'ponsors: these were .Ardlhbhop

67

A.D. 1337.

68

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. Edwarde, proclaYllled after his christning by the I\:ing of Haroldes,a
"Edward, sonne and he ire to the King of Englande, Duke of
Corne\vall, and Earle of Chester." The goodlie solempnitie of the
lordes and ladies done at the christning was a goodlie sight to
behoulde, everie one after their office and degree; the Ladie
Elizabeth, the I\:inges daughter, bearing the chrisome on her
breast, the Viscoun1pt Beawchampe, brother to the Queene,b bearing
her in his armes, the Earle of Essex bearing the salte, the Ladie
l\larques of Exceter bearing the Prince to the church and hOlne
againe, the Duke of N orfolke staying his head, as she bare him,
and the Duke of Suffolke at his feete.
Also, on Saint Lukes daie,c being Thursdaie, the Prince ,vas
proclaymed at the court " Edward, sonne and heire to I\:ing Henrie
the Eight, Prince of \Vales, Duke of Cornewall, and Earle of
Chester." d Also the I\:ing made that daie tow earles and six
knightes, that is to saie:
Ir. Fittes vVillialns, Lord Admirall and
Vice- Treasorer, was lnade Earle of IImnpton, e and the Queenes
brother, Viscount Beawchalnp, was made Earle of Hertforde/ and
Cranmer, the head of the Protestant Reformers, the Duke of Norfolk, leader of the
lay Catholics, and the Princess :11ary, a bigoted Catholic, who had been bastardised
by bel' father.
a Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux King-at-Arms.
b Eùward Seymour, elder brotber of Queen Jane, and so brother-in-law of Henry
VIII. was created Viscount Beauchamp, of Hache, co. Somerset, 5th June, 1536.
He was lineally descended from Sir Roger Seymour (temp. Edward III.) who married
Cicely, sister and eldest coheir of John de Beauchamp, last Baron Beauchamp.
c October 18th.
II This passage would seem to countenance the common account that the infant
prince was almost immediately invested with these titles, whereas he himself tells us
in his journal that he was only about to be created so when his father died, in which
he is confirmed by Burnet, who says that Edward was called Prince of 'Vales, as the
heirs to this crown are, yet he was not invested with that dignity by a formal
cl'eation.
C 'Villiam Fitzwilliam, descended from the ancestor of the present Earl }'Ïtz-
william, was created Earl of Southampton, October 18th, 1537.
f By which title be is known until tbe accession, in 1547, of his nephew Edward
VI. when he was created Duke of Somerset, and was made Lord Protector of the
1{ingdom.

'VRIOTI-IESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

69

1\11'. Powlett was 111ade \Tice-Treasorer,a and Sir John Russell, A.D. 1537.
Controler of the J{inges howse, 1\11'. Henage,b :Thlr. Long,C and 1\11'.
l{nevett of the l{inges Privie Chamber, knightes, and 1\11'. Coffin,
and 1\11'. Listre,d knightes, and 1\11'. Semer,e the Queenes brother,
knight.
Also, the 19th daie of October, their was a solempne generall A soIemne
procession in London, with all the orders of friars and chanons, the
::s

I pro-
lllonkes of Towre Hill, ,vith all the priestes and clarkes of everie
church in London, with Powles quire, and the best crosse of everie
parish in London, with the baner for the same borne in the same
procession, all the friars, monkes, canons, priestes, and clarkes,
going in their' best copes of everie church, the Bishop of London
following Powles quire with his mitre, the major and aldermen,
with all the craftes of the citie following in their lyveries, which
procession was donne for the preservation and ,velfare of the Prince
and the health of the Queene.f
This yeare, the 14 of October, beinge Vl eddnesday,g Queene Death of Queen
Jane.
a Sir William Poulet, Comptroller of the Household, was made Treasurer of the
Household in 1537, when the Comptrollership was conferred on Sir John Russell,
Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, who eventually became first Earl of Bedford.
b Thomas Hennage.
C Richard Long, :Thfaster of the Buckhounds.
1I Richard Lyster, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
C The Queen's younger brother, Thomas Seymour.
f The exact particulars of the Queen's illness have not been recorded, but in a
despatch to the English ambassador in France her death is distinctly ascribed to her
taking coW, and being supplied with improper diet, which accords with the account
given by Leland in his "Genethliacon Edvardi Principis Cambriæ," published in
1543.
g This date has evidently been tampered with by the transcriber to make it
correspond with Stow, Hall, Godwin, and others, who assign the Queen's death to
the 14th, whereas it took place on the 24th, which was evidently correctly given by
the original writer of this Chronicle, as he makes it 'Vednesday, whereas the 14th
would have been Sunday. It is very remarkable that the date of an event of so
much interest at the time as the Queen's death should have been misplaced by
no less than ten days by nearly all ancient chroniclers, but the doubt as to the
correct date is set at rest by an original letter written by Sir John Russell, from
Hampton Court, to Cromwell, and dated the 24th of October, which is still extant

70

"\\TRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICT
E.

A.D. 1537 Jane departed this lyre, lyeinge in childe bedd, aboutc 2 of the
clocke in the morninge, \vhen she had reigned as the l{ings wife,
beinge never cro"\vned, one yeare and a quarter. a

HENRICI VIII. Anno. 29.

This yeare, on All Hallo\ve Even,b the Lord Thomas IIowarde,
brother to the Duke of Northfolke, died in prison in the To"\ver of
London, and his bodie was caried to Thetforde, and there buried.
Allso the Ladie :i\Iargarett Duglas, that had)yen in prison in the
Tower of London for love betwene hil11 and her, ,vas pardoned by
the l{ing and sett agayne at her libertie; howbeit, she tooke his
death very heavilie. C
The buryeinge This yeare, the 12th of N ovember,d being I\Iundaye, the corps of
of Queen Jane. Q J . 1 1 . . . d c. H
ueene ane were, WIt 1 great so el11nIhe, cane 11'0111 all1pton
Cowrte in a chariott covered with black velvett, with a picture of
the sayde Queene richclye apparelled lyke a Queene, \vith a Tiche
crowne of golde on her head,lyinge above on the coffin of the
sayde corps, and so was conveyed to 'V yndsore \vith great lightcs
of torches, with a great multitude of lordes and gentlen1en rydinge
all in black gownes and cotes, the Ladye .l\Iarie, the I\.:inges
daughter, beinge cheife mourner, with a great companye of ladies

in the Public Record Office, and reads as follows: "Sir, the JGng was determyned
this day to have removed to Asher, and because the Queene was very sik this
night and this day he taried, but to morrowe, God willing, he entendithe to be ther.
If she amende, he will go; and if she amende not, he tolde me this day, he could not
fynde in his harte to tary; for I ensueI' you she hatlle bene in grete daunger JTcster-
night and this day, but, thankid be God, she is sumwhat amendcd, and, if shc skape
this night, the fyshiouns be in good hope that she is past all daungcr." Also
Cecil's Journal is to the same effect.
a One year and nearly five months.
b October 31st.
c In 154.4 she marriefl1\Iatthcw fourth }
arl of Lennox, and became Countess of
Lcnnox, and mothcr of Dm'nley.
d Stow agrecs with the text, which would appear to he correct, bcing 'Vcdllcsday,
but Hall has the eighth day of Novcmber, ." hich was Saturday.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

71

and gentleweomen way tinge on her, and ridinge all in blacke allso; A.D. 1537.
and there, with great solelnnitie, buried by the Archbishopp of
Canterburie, ,vith a great cOlnpanye of bishopps and abbotts being
there present in their mitres, with all the gentlemen and priestes
of the I\:inges chappell, which rode all the way in their surplesses,
singinge the obsequie for the dead; and the morrowe after there
was a solemne masse of requiem sunge by the Archbishopp of
Canterburie; and the Bishop of \Vorcester, caned Dr. Latimer,
made a notable sermon; and at the offertorie all the estates offered
ryche palls of clothe of golde; and after tnasse there was a great
feast made in the Kinges pallace at \Vindsore for all the estates
and other that had bene present at the same buriall.
Allso, the sayde 12th of Novembre, at afternoone, there ,vas a
solemne herse made at Powles in London, and a solemne dirige
done there by Powles queere, the l\Iajor of London a beinge there
present 'with the alldermen and sheriffes, and all the lnajor's officers
Hnd the sheriffes sergeantes, mourninge all in blacke gownes, and all
the craftes of the cittie of London in their lyveries; a11so there was
a knyll 1'ongen in everie parishe churche in London, from 12 of the
clocke at noone tyll six of the clocke at night, with all the bells
1'ingingc in everye parishe churche solclnne peales, frorn 3 of the
clocke tyll the knylls ceased; and allso a solempne dirige songen in
everye pariEhe churche in London, and in everie churche of [1'ee1'(,s,

a Sir Richard Gresham, who, in a letter of the 8th November to Crumwell, had
suggested that such a solemn service should be celebrated; "yt shall please you to
understand that, by the commaundement of the Ducke of Norfolke, I have cawssyd
1,200 masses to be seytie, within the cite of London, for the sowle of our moste
gra.cious Queene. And whereas the mayer and aldyrmcn with the commenors was
I:Lttely at Powlles, and ther gave thanckes unto God for the byrthe of our prynce,

Iy Lon1e, I doo thync
e yt, wher convenyent, that ther shulld bee allsoo at Powlles
a sollem derige and masse; and that the mayer, alldyrmen, with the commeners, to
be there, for to preye and offer for hyr Grace's sowle. :My Lorde, yt shale please
yon to move the Kynge's Heyghnes, and hys pleasser knowen in thys behallfve, I am
and shalebe reely to acomplyche his moste gracious pleasser, and yf ther be eny
allmes to be gyvyn, there ys mellY power pepyll within the cite."-State Papers,
vol. i. part ii. p. fi74.

72

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. monkes, and chanons, about London; and, the Inorrowe after, a
solemne Inasse of requiem in all the sayde churches, with all the
bells ringinge, from 9 of the docke in the morninge ty 11 noone;
a11so there was a solemne nlasse of requienl done at Po,vlcs, and all
Powles queere offeringe at the same Inasse, the major
aldermen,
and sheriffes, and the ,vardeins of evcrie crafte of the cittie of
London; and, after the sayde masse, the Inajor and aldernlen goeingc
aboute the herse sayenge "De profundis," with all the craftes of
the cittie followinge, everie one after their degrees, prayinge for
the sowle of the sayde Queene.
Death of :Mr. This yeare, the 23 of Novel11ber, 1\11'. HUlnphrey l\Iolnmorth,

ihalHl draper and alderman of London, died, ,vho ordeyned by his testa-
the manner of ment and last 'v ill that he should bc buried in the fore-noone,
his burieinge. h . h h b h d . . I . b . II b
aVlnge neyt er erse, raunc es, nor Inge at lIS una, ut
onlye 6 staffe torches, and so to be buried in the churche yeard of
All Hallo,ves Barkin, without anye bells ringinge or priestes
singinge, but onelye a sermon at his buriall made by Dr. Cromer,a
and after that, insteed of a Trentall,b to have 30 sermons, to be
made by the Bishopp of 'V orcester,C Dr. Barnes, Dr. Cromer, and
1\11'. Taylor, parson of St. Peeters in Cornehill, and after everie
sermon Te Deum to be songen, to give laude and praise to God for
the l{ing that hath extinguished and putt downe the power of the
Bishop of BOlne, and hath caused the worde of God to be preached
syncerlye and trulye, and that he may so proceed that we may
have the verie true knowledge of scripture as Christe taught and
left to his Apostles; and everie priest and clerke that helpeth to
singe the saUle to have 2d. and the preachers to have for everie
sennon 138. 4d. to be payed by his executors ilnmediatlye aftcr
everie sermon; and allso that his executors shall paye to the
churche where he is buried all ordinarie charges as hath bene
accustomed to be payed, as ,vell as thoughe he had all the service

n George Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh.
b An office for the dead in the Romish service, consisting of thirty masses.
(' Hugh L:ltimer.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

73

used at burialls. And he ordeYlled his goodes to be divided in A.D. 1537-8.
three partes, his wife to have one parte, his children the second
parte, and the third parte to be given for the health of his sowle,
whereof he gave 30l. to poore howsse-holders in the warde where
he dwelled, with manye other charitable deedes, which were longe
to reherse.
This Y eare, on St. Lucies Eeven,a afore Christenmas, was g reat A l gre l at
t lUlH er at
thunder at Rome that did great hurt there, for it perished a peece Rome.
of St. Peters churche and the Popes pallace, and strake downe the
angell that stood on the toppe of the castell Angelo,lJ and perished a
parte of the sayde castle ,vith fyer, and other places in Rome allso.
This yeare, the 23 th of Januarie, 1537[8J, the Ladye A,vdley, [A. D. 1538.]
\vife to Sir Thomas Audeley, knight, and Lord Chauncellor of D L e d a!h A of
h l e
a Ie U(le cy.
Ingland, departed this life, being W eddensday, at 3 of the clocke
in the morninge, that day beginninge the last quarter of the moone,
the signe beinge in Scorpio the 14 th degree.
This yeare, the 29 of J anuarie, was arreigned at 'Vestminster in A boye Rl'-
the afternoone a boye of l\lr. Culpepers,c Gentleman of the ICings ;)
l
fo

Privie Chamber, which had stolne his maisters purse and Ill. of the gallowes.
money, with a jewell of the ICinges ,vhich was in the same purse,
and there condemned to death; but the morrowe after when he was
brought to the place of execution, which was at the ende of the
tylt yeard afore the ICinges Pallace at 'V estminster, and that the
hangman was takinge the ladder from the gallowes, the ICinge sent
his pardon for the sayde boye, and so he was saved from death, to
the great comforte of all the people there present, &c.
This yeare, the 18th of Februarie being l\lundaye, there was One put to
h L d P d f L d d death for
a yonge man, servante to tea ye argetour 0 on on, rawne c1yppinge oí
from Newgate to Tower IIill, and there was hanged, his members gouhle.
cutt of and bowells brent afore him, and his head cutt of, and his
bodie divided in 4 peeces, which yonge man had clipped goulde to

a December 12th. Eve of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr.
b St. AI)gelo. C Thomas Culpeper.
d \Vifc of Sir Thomas Pnrgitor, who was Lorù 1\la)'or in 1530.
CA:\lD. SOC. L

74

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. the value of 30l.; his head ,vas sett on London Bridge, and his
quarters at diverse gates of the cittie.
The R
)Ode o:f This yeare, allso in Februarie, there was an ilnage of the Crucifixe
Grace III Kent. . .
of Chn
te, wInch had bene used of longe continuance for a great
pylgremage at the Abbey of Boxley,a by l\Iaydestone in K:ent,
called the Roode of Grace, taken from thence and brought to the
ICinge at "r estlninstre, for certeyne idolatrie and crafte that had
bene perceaved in the sayc1e roode, for it was Inade to move the
eyes and lipps by stringes of haire, when they would shewe a miracle,
and never perceyved till no,v. The Archbishop of Canterburie had
searched the sayde ilnage in his visitation, and so, at the ICinges
comlnaundelnent, was taken thence, that the people might leave
their idolatrie that had bene there used. AIlso the say de roode
,vas sett in the markett place first at l\Iaydstone, and there shewed
openlye to the people the craft of movinge the eyes and lipps, that
all the people there migh t see the illusion that had bene used in
the sayde ilnage by the mOllckes of the saide place of manye yeares
tyme out of-lnynde, \vhereby they had gotten great riches in deceav-
inge the people thinckinge that the sayde ilnage had so moved by
the power of God, ,vhich now playnlye appeared to the contrarye.
Allso it \vas proclaYlned in the Starre-Chalnber at 'Vestlninster,
the last end of Hilarie Tenne, in the presence of the Lord Chaun-
cellor and the Lordes of the I\:inges Councell, with divers J ust.ices
of the Peace of diverse shires in Englande, that the sayde justices
shoulde causse the Bible and Testament in Engli
he to be had in
their shires, and see that the curates anù priests should preach the
,vorde of God syncerelye and trulie to the people, and suffer the
people to have the Bible and Testalnent in Englishe,b and to

Proclamation
for the Bible
to be used in
:Englishe.

a A Cistercian Abbey, :founded by William d'Ypres, Earl o:f Kent, in the middle
o:f the twelfth century.
b One of the books originally included in the list o:f proscription with the
writings o:f Luther and the foreign Protestants, was the translation o:f the New
Testament into English by Tindal, printed at Antwerp in 1526. A complete version
o:f the Bible, partly by Tindal and partly by Coverdale, appeared in 1535, and a
second edition, under the name o:f 1Iatthews, :followed in 1537.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

75

see that they accused no person of heresie, but that he should A.D. 1538.
be examined and tried afore the justices in their Sessions, and
there to make their auns,veres and trialls a
cordinge to the
statutes of this reahne for the same, upon payne of the J{ings dis-
pleasure, &c.
This yeare, the 24th daie of Februarie, beinge the Soundaie of The Roode of
S . d S . 1\1 1 . d . tl ' f tl d tl t Grace sett at
exagesuna an ainct .r at nas ale, Ie Image 0 Ie roo e la Poules Cross
was at the Abbey of Bexley,a in ICent, called the Roode of Grace, and the
r
. brooke III
,vas brought to Poules Crosse, and theIr, at the sermon Inade by peeces.
the Bishopp of Rochester,b the abuses of the graces c and engines,d
used in old tyme in the said image, was declared, ,vhich image was
made of paper and cloutes froln the legges upward; ech legges and
armes were of tilnber; and so the people had bene eluded and
caused to doe great adolatrie by the said image, of long contynuance,
to the derogation of Godes honor and great blasphalnie of the nalne
of God, as he substancially declared in his said sermon by scripture,
and also how other images in the Church, used for great pilgrilnages,
hath caused great idolatrie to be used in this reahne, and she,ved
how he thincketh that the idolatrie will neaver be left till the said
images be taken awaie; and that the boxes that they have to gather
the devotions of the people were taken awaye first, so that they
should have nothing used to putt the charitie of the people in; but
if their were any persons that would offree to such images, that the
said off ring might be geaven incontynent to poore people, and
that the people should be shewed howe they should offree no Inore
to the said iJnages, he doubted not butt then in short tYlne they
would grant that the said ilnages n1ight be taken a,vaie; a180, he
said, how he confessed a WOlnan twentie ycares agoe in Oxford,
which ,vornan ,vas the lniller's wief, by the Abbey of IIailes, and
a Boxley. b John I-Iilsey.
C Prohably a clerical error for vices, as in another place we read" the bishop broke
the vice."
d This rood or automaton, besides rolling its eyes and moving its lips, was so
constructed that, by means of springs or vices, it could he made to bow, and shake
its head, hands, and feet.-
ee Herbert, p. 213, and Stow, cd. 1G31, p. 575.

76

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

how she shewed hiln how the abbott of the SaIne place had given
her n1anye jewells that had bene offred ther at the holie bloode, a and
how he would have geaven her one jewcll which she knewe vorie
well hanged about the said holie bloode, and said to the said abbott
that she would not have that" bloude," b because she was afraid
because it hanged by the holie bloud, and the abbott said tush!
thou art a foole, it is but a duckes bloode; and this the said bishopp
shewed that it was true, as he besought God he might be damned if
it were not so as he said; and also how he had shewed the I{:ïng and
the Counsell of the saIne, and that it should be knowen more openlie
afterward; also, after the sermon was done, the bishopp tooke the
said image of the roode into the pulpitt and brooke the vice of the
same, and after gave it to the people againe, and then the rude
people and boyes brake the said image in peeces, so that they left
not one peece whole.
k
ll w d om h an If Iteln, this said daie, at night, being Saint 1\latthias daie,c one
'1 e erse e. ..
:i\lrs. Alen, sOlnet1me wIfe to 1\11'. Peerson, one of the clarkes of the
Counter, and afore hiln one Gibsons wife, a surgeon, by the
instigation of the devill cutt her throote ,vith a knife; howbeit,
when the curatt and ncighboures
alne in she had lief, but she could
not speake; but, when the curatt bade her cry God mercye, she
knocked on her breast with her o\vne hande and held upp her
handes, which ,vas a token of contricion; but she died the Saine
night, and was buried at Saint Swythens parish that she dwelled in,
by London-Stone.

A.D. 1538.
The bloud of
Hailes but a
duckes bloud.

n Another great imposture was at Hales in Gloucestershire, where the blood of
Christ brought from Jerusalem was showed in a chrystal vial, and was said to have
this property: That if a man was in a mortal sin, and not absolved, he could not see
it. Therefore, every man that came to behold this miracle was forced to continue to
make presents till he brilJed Heaven to give him the sight of so blessed a relic. This
was now discovered to be the blood of a duck renewed eyery week, and one side of
the vial was so thick that there was no seeing through it, but the other was trans-
parent. It was so placed near the altar that anyone in a secret place behind could
turn which side he pleased uutward.-Lord Herbert ill Kennett, vol. ii. p. 213.
IJ A clerical mistake for" je"e1."
c .February 24th.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

77

Also, the 20th daie of Februarie, their was drawen from Newgate A.D. 1538.
to Tiburne a priest, sometyme cha p leyne to my Lord Beawchalnp, A P l ri
s h t and
an rlS man
called Sir a John Alane, for treason, and also an lrislllnan of lny putt to death.
Lord Garrattes b kynnered,c also for treason, which tow persons
were hanged, boyId, d and quartered, their heades and quarters sett
about London.
Item, on Saterdaie, the second daie of l\Iarch, the image of the Sainct Saviour
. . in Southwarke.
roode at the Abbey of Bcrnlonslcy, called Saillct Savlour,e was
taken downe by the l{inges cornmandment.
This yeare, the 20th daie of l\Iarch, being Saterdaie the second Harford,
k f L f gentleman, put
wee e 0 ent, Thomas Ilarford, gentleman, was drawen rOln to death for
N ewgate to Tiburne for seditious wordes of treason against the treason.
I\:inges l\Iajestie, and also a yong man called Y ewer, sOlnetyme a
freeman of London of the Company of the l\Iarchant Tailors, was
ùra wen to Tiburne for dYlninishinge the l\:inges coync, as he
confessed at the gallowes, to the value of sixteene grottes, and their
the said Harford and Y c,ver \vere hanged, their bowells brent,
headded, and quartercd.
Also this yeare, in Lcnt, the 1\1aire f caused divers worshipfull Gathering for
. . the poore at
111en to gather money for the poore people evene Soundale at Poules everie
the sermon at Poules Crosse, tow parsons standing at everie Soullllaie.
dore to gather the devotions of the people, which said money
was distributed weeklie to thcln that had most neede thereof in

n Such priests as have the addition of Sir before their Christian name were men
Hot graduated in the Universities, being in orders but not in degrees, whilst others
entitled l\fasters had commencCll in arts.-"Fuller, Church Hist.
1> Lorù Thomas Fitzgerald, executed in 1537.
c liindred.
d Clerical error for howeled, but omitted in Stow.
o An alien Cluniac priory was founded at Bermondsey, in 1082, by Aylwin Child,
citizen of London, which was erected into an abbey in 13U9, and, subsequently, the
two hospitals of St. Thomas and St. Saviour were attached to it.
f Sir Uichard Gresham, who in so doing acted in accordance with the new statute
31 [lell. VIII. cap. 25, ma.de for the relief of the indigent poor. By the same statute
110 alms were suffered to be given to beggurs, on pa.in of forfeiting ten times the
vulue.

A.D. 1538.
[Anno Hcg. 30.]

rrhe mariage of my
Lord and
Iaster the
Lord Chauncelor of
England.

Bishopp Latymer
preached at Poules
Crosse, wher Friar
Forrest should have
borne a faggott,
but he refused his
pennance.

78

,y RIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

the cittie of London, and a registre 'kept of the same, and so to
con tyne,ve.
This yeare, the morrowe after Easter daie, being the twentie towe
daie of Aprill, Sir Tholnas A wdeley, knight, Lord Chauncelor of
Englande, was married to my Ladie Elizabeth Graie,8 sister to the
Lord l\Iarques of Dorsett no,v living, and daughter to the old Lord
!\larques late decea
ed.
This yeare, the 12th daie of l\Iaie, being the third Soundaie after
Easter, the Bishopp of 'V orcester, called Dr. Latymer, preached at
Poules Crosse, at whose sermon should have bene present a penitent
to have donne his penance called John Forrest, Friar Observant,
Doctor of Divinitie, latelie abjured for heresie,b the eight daie of
the said moneth of
Iaie, at Lambeth, before the lTIOst reverend
father in God Tholnas Cranmer, Archbishopp of Canterberie, ,vith
other, and after his said abjuration, sworne upon the Evangelistes,
to abide the injunction of the said lTIOst reverend father for his
penance; 'which said Friar Forrest obstinatlie and frowardlie, not
like a true penitent performing his said penance, but standing yet
stiff and proud in his malicious mynde, refused to doe; yet this daie
againe, intreated by the Deane of the Arches, called Doctor Quent,
with other, like a good Christian to performe his pennance, he
yet notwithstanding, ]llaliciouslie by the instigation of the devill,
refused to doe, although the said Deane opened unto him the
indignation of God and dampnation of his bodie and soule pcr-
petuallie, and also have a teillporall death by brenning as all

a Elizabeth Grey, eldest daughter of Thomas fifth
Iarquis of Dorset, and sister
of Henry, who succeeded to the title in 1530.
b .Forest was apprehended for that in secret confession he had declared to many of
the King's subjects that the King was not supreme head of the Church, "whereas,
before, hee had beene sworne to the Supremacie; upon this point hee was examined,
and answered that he tooke his oath with his outwarù man, out his inward man never
consented thereunto; then, being further accnsed of divers hereticall opinions, hee
submitted himse1fe to the punishment of the Church; but having more libertie than
before to talke with whom he would, when his abjuration was sent him to read, bee
utterly refused it."-Stow, p. 575.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

79

heretickes should have by the lawes of this realme; which said A.D. 1538.
Friar Forrest should this daie have borne a fagott at Paules Crosse
for his pennance, and also with a lowde voyce have declared certaine
thinges by his owne ITIonth, after the said sermon enjoyned hiln, for
his said pennance; all which said thinges he re-fusing to doe, the
said bishopp a desiring all the Rwdience then present at the said
sennon to pray hartelie unto God to convert the said friar froln
his said obstinacie and proude Ininde, that he might have grace to
turne to be a true penitent the soner by the grace of God at their
prayers, and further their declaring his said abjuration, and articles
subscribed ,vith his owne hande, and sworne and abjured on the
saIne, and after sworne againe to abide such injunction and pennance
as he shoulde be enjoyned by the said court, ,vhose articles ,vere
theise, as the Bishopp then openlie read at the said crosse, his owne
hand subscribed to the same: First, that the Holie Catholike Church Forrestes
was the Church of Rome, and that wee ought to beeleve out of the article
.
same. Second, that ,vee should beleeve on the Popes pardon for
relnission of our sinnes. Thirdlie, that wee ought to beleeve and
doe as our fathers have donne aforetyme fowertene yea res past.
Fourthlie, that a priest maie turne and change the paines of hell
of a sinner, trulie penitent, contrite of his sinns, by certaine pennance
enjoyned him in the paines of purgatorie; which said articles
be nlost abhominable heresies, blasphelnie against God and the
countrey, b to Scripture, and the teaching of Christ and all his
Apostles, and to abhorI' any true Christian hart to thinck.
Also the 22 th daie of l\laie, being 'Vednesdaie this Salne yeare, Death of Friar
1 . d 1 -..' F d L'. l\.T h I f . Forrest.
t 1e sal
rIal' orrest was rawen lrOln J..,ewgate to t e pace 0
execution in Slnythfielde, where was a noble senTIon made by the
Bishopp of 'V orcestre, afore writton, to have drawen the said
Friar Forrest from his opinions; but he, obstinatlie standing still and
stiffe in his opininons, and beinge asked by the said bishopp in
what state he 'would die, he openlie declaring their with a lowde

a Dr. Latimer of Worcester.

b Evidently a clerical error for H contrary."

A.D. 1538.

An image
caUeel DarvelJ
Gidarne was
hrent with
Friar Forrest.

80

W'"RIOTII.ERLEY'S CHRONICLE.

voyce to thc Bishopp as follo,veth: That if an angell should conlC
do,vne from heaven and shew hiln any other thing then that he
had beleeved all his liffe tYlne past he would not beleeve him, and
that if his bodie should be cutt joynt after joynt or membre after
melnbre, brent, hanged, or 'v hat paine soever Inight de donne to his
bodie, he wold neaver turne from his old sect of this Bishopp of
Rome; and also seaven yeare agone he a durst not have made such
a sermon for his lief. And then after this, being a false traitor to
his Praynce, an hereticke, and a seditious person to the I\:inges
leighe people, was had to the place of execution b and their hanged
about the middle in chains of iron on a paire of gallowes alive, a
great fire made under hiln and about him, and so ,vas burned for
his said heresie and treason.
Also their was brent with hilll an idoll C that was brought out of
North \Vales, which idoll was of woode like a man of annes in his
harneies, having a litle speare in his hande and a caskett of iron
about his necke hanging with a ribond, the which pcople of North
'Valles honored as a sainct. The nalne of the idoll was called in
'Valch Darvell Gadarn.d Present at this execution were the Duke
of N orfolke, the Duke of Suffolke, the ErIe of Sussex, the Earle of
Hartford being Vicount Bea wchalnpe, the Bishoppe of London,
with other of the I\:inges Counsell, the l\1ajor e of London, with the
most part of the aldenllen and shrives, and, as I thinke, tenne
thousand persons and more; also the place of execution where the
gallowes and fire was made ,vas railed round about; and their was
a skaffold Inade to sett the pulpitt on where the preacher stoode,
and an other against itt where the friar stoode all the serlllon tYllle,

a Bishop Latimer.
b Compare this with the account of the burning of JTriar Forest in Harleian :MS.
530, f. 120.
c The 'Velshmen had a propheRY that this image should set a whole forest a fire,
which prophesie now toke effect, for it set this Frier Forest on fyre, and consumed
him to nothing.-Hall, p 826.
d Usually written Darvell or David Gatheren.
e Sir Richard Gresham.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

81

and a long skaffold next to Sainct Bartholomewes spittell gate, A.D. 1538.
where the Lordes of the Privie Counsell sate with the major and
aldermen and other gentlemen and commons of the cittie.
AlIsoe the same 22 th day of l\Iaye after midnight the image of The roode
h R d S . 1\1 P . b T S b k broken at St
t e 00 e at alnct argrett attIns y owre treate was 1'0 en l\Iargret Pat

all in peeces with the house he stoode in a by certeine lewde persons, tins.
Fleminges and Englishe men, and some persons of the sayd parishe.
Allso the 27th daye of 1\laye, beinge the 1\londay in the Rogation A f:rre amollge
k f . S 1\ 1 P . I 1 the basket
wee e, was a great yre In t. 1.\ argrett attyns pans 1e amonge t 1e makers.
baskett makers, where were burnt and perished in three houres above
a dossin howses and 9 persons of lllen, women, and children, cleane
burnt to death, which ,vas a pyteous sight.
This year allso in Paske tearme b the Bishop of London, called BisBop of
D S k d d . d fc k o 2 London con-
octor too es, C was con erone In a prem ynere or ma lnge dempned in a
brethren and a nonne at Sion by the Bishop of Romes bulles; how- premynere.
beyt the ICinge was better to hilll then he deserved and graunted
hilll his pardon.
Allso this yere in June came over into England to the ICinges Parsons of
Grace certeine persons out of Germany to intreate of certeine actes

llo

concerninge the true settinge forth of Gods worde and the good to intreat of
d f h ., I f h 1 1 d 11 cn uses of re-
or er 0 t e spuItua ty, 0 w om t 1e lea person was a tempora ligion concern-
man beinge well learned, being Vic-chauncellor to the Duke of inge the spirit-
S . ] 1 h I T' d " D B b f unIty.
axon, wIt 1 ot ler,e t e .\..Ing a mIthnge octor arnes to e 0
their partie; and for the Kinges Graces partie the Archbishop of
Canterbery, the Bishop of Chichester/ Doctor "\Vyllson,g and 3

a "His tabernacle."-Stow, ed. 1631, p. 575.
b Easter Term.
c John 8to(' k('sley, Archdeaccn of Dorset, and President of 11agdalen II all,
Oxford, was made Bishop of London, July 14th, 1530, aud died September 8th,
1;)3
.
d Premunire.
C The German Commissioners were Francis Burgart, Vice-Chancellor of SaxollY,
and George van Boyneburg and .Frederick :Mycon, Doctors of Laws.
f Richard Sampson, LL.D. Dean of St. Paul's.
g The King's chaplain.
CAl\lD. SOC. ]\I

82

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. other doctors, whic.h sate every week two or three tymes concerninge
the sayd causes of Ionge contynuaunce.
Allso this yere divers religious houses of great possessions were
suppressed, as the Abbey of Battell a in Sussex, l\Iartin Abbey,L
Stratford Abbey,C Lewys,d with other more into the J{inges handes.
Monk
s of AIlso the Abbey of Chrystes Church, in the cyty of Norwich, was
:

r:
h made made a cathedrall church of secular canons, lyke unto Paules in
preistes. London, the monkes of the same place chaunginge habettes into
preistes clothinge, havinge both deane and su
-deane in the same
ch urch.
Allso this yeare in June the Kinge gave a commaundement that
noe religious persons of the suppressed houses or such other as used
to live of the chari tie of the people out of theyI' religious houses
should goe abroade in theyr religious habytes, whereupon divers
religious persons took secular preistes habittes, chaunginge theyr
religious coates, as Doctor Barkley of the order of Grey Fryers,
which ".as very loath to leave his ipochrytes coate till he was
compelled for feare of punishment.
A laye man This yeare, in tJune and July, a bricklayer, called Henry Daunce
preacbed called ( 0 ""(lT h ' Ch II . h . h Al . L d ) d
Henry Daunce. In H Ite- appe pans e WIt out gate In on on , use to
preach the worde of God in his owne house in his garden, where
he sett a tub to a tree, and therein he preached divers Sondayes,
and other dayes early in the morninge, and at 6 of the clocke at
a At the Dissolution its revenues were valued at 987l. and the demesne still
contin ues an exempt deanery.
b 1fcrton in Surrey. A mitred Austin abbey, founded in 1115 by Gilbert Ie
Nonuan, Sheriff of Surrey. At the Dissolution its possessions were valued at 958l.
c Stratford Langthorne in Essex, a mitred Cistercian abbey, founded in 1135 by
William de 1Iontfitchet. At the Dissolution it was given to Sir P. Meautis by
Henry VIII. who confined the Countess of Salisbury bere.
d St. Pancras Cluniac Priory was founded at Lewes, in Sussex, in 1078, by William
de 'Varine and bis wife Gundreda, daughter of William the Conqueror. Tbe priory,
which 'yas the head of its order in England, coyered thirty-two acres, and contained
a church, 150 feet in length, with walls ten feet thick. At the Dissolution, in 1538,
it was pulled down by Thomas Lord Crumwell, except that part called Lord's
Place, w bich was afterwards burnt down. The ruins of the cloisters, hall, gate,
&c. were removed in 1845 to make room for the railway station.

Religious
houses sup-
pressed.

Certeine re-
ligious men
cbaunginge
theyr habits.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

83

night, and had great audience of people both spirituall and temporall, A.D. 1538.
which sayd parson had noe lcarninge of his booke, neit.her in
Englishe nor other tongue, and yet he declared Scripture as well
as he had studyed at the Universities; but at the last the bishops
had such indignation at him, by reason the people followed him,
that they sent for him to IllY Lord of Canterbury, where he was
deillaunded In any questions, but they couide laye nothinge to his
charge, but did inhibite him for [from] preachinge, because of the
great resorte of people that drue to his sermons.
Allso this yere, in the llloneth of July, the images of Our Lady The images of
of vVallsingham and Ipswich were brought up to London, with all
U:I
::la:
the jewelles that honge about them, at the J{inges cOInmaundement, and I h Pswich
. .. broug t to
and dIvers other llnages, both In England and vVales,a that ,,"ere London.
used for comlnon pilgrimages, because the people should use noe
lTIOre idolatrye unto them, and they were burnt at Chelsey by Iny
Lord Privie Seale. b
This yeare allso at Hadley c in Suffolke, and at Stratforde in Preist
ssa
nge
E h d . f h f I I masse III Eng-
ssex, t e masse an consecratIon 0 t e sacrament 0 t 1e au tel' lishe.
was sayd in Englishe by the curats there divers tymes, and the
canticle of Te Deuln was songe in Englishe in the City of London,
after sermons made by Doctor Barnes, by Thoillas Rooffe, and other
of theyr sect, commonly called of the Papistes the newe sect; allso
preistes marryed ,vives in Suffolke, but they celebrated not after
the masse, nor had noe benefices spirituall, but fell to occupations
and husbandrye to gett theyr livinge by and theyr wives. The Abbot Preis.tcs
of 'Valden quondam d maryed one which was a nonne at the l\Iineries, marnc.
called l\1istris Bures, and had continued there in religion above 16
yeares.

a Amongst the number were those of Penrise of Islington and St. John of
Ossulston, called otherwise 1frs. John Shome, who was said to have shut up the
devil in a boot.-Herbert, p. 213.
b Lord Crumwell, in addition to his other offices, was made Lord Privy Seal, 2nd
July, 1536. C Hadleigh.
d The quondam abbot of the dissolved monastery of 'Varden, co. Bedford, the site
of which was given to the 'Vhitbreads.

...

84

'VUIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. This ycare, in the last ende of July, one Lancaster, an haroulde
I L I
Ulcns l 't l er' f an of armes, ,vas car y ed frOln London to Yorke, and there drawne ,
arou ( 0
artne
, put to hanged, and quartered for treason, that he had confered with the
death at Yorke 1 1 . . h . 1 d L h d 1 .
for treason. nort lern lnen at t 1e InsurrectIon; a W IC 1 say ancaster a to 11S
Christen nRIne Tholnas l\Iiller, and had his bringing up with the
Duches of Buckingham departed.
This yeare, the 9th day of August, one Connisbie,b a gentleman,
and one of the Groomes of the I{inges Chamber, ,vas drawne from
N ewegate to Tyburne, and there hanged, bowelles brent, and
quartered for treason, counterfettinge the Kinges seale, and his
head sett on London Bridge.
This yere, the 19th day of August, beinge 1\londay, Mr. John
Audley departed out of this world at mydnight at his place of
Hodnill, in "\Varwykeshire, which sayd 1\11'. Audley ,vas husband to
the Duches of Buckingham, departed, and after was marryed to
l\Iaister Spencers wyfe, of 'Varwickshire, which remayned nowe
his wydo,ve.
The roode of Allso, this yeare, on Bartlemewe even,c the roode of the north
the north dore
in Paules doore in Paules was taken downe by the Dean d of the same church,
t

:
s
ú;
re which was the Bishop of Chichester, by the J{ingcs cOlnmandement,
should be no because the people should doe noe Inore idolat.ry to the sayd image,
more idolatry and the illla g e of Saint U ncolnber e also in the same church.
done to yt.
All images of Aliso all manner [of] images that were used for COITIOn
idolatry put P il g rima a es Loth in En g land and 'Vales were taken downe through-
downe through 0
all England. out this reahne in every shire by tbe J{inges commandcment, that
the people should use noe more idolatrye to them.
This yere, the first daye of September, beinge Sondaye, at

One put to
death at
TJ burne for
counter-
fettinge the
Kinges seale.

The hangman
of London

a Thomas 11::yIler, Lancaster Herald, being sent into Yorkshire in 1536 to deliver
the King's proclamation to the rebels, was required to kneel before the rebel Aske
with the King's coat of arms on his bark, for which degradation of his office he was
ordered to execution on his return.
b Edmond Conesby, in Stow.
e August 24th.
d Richard Sampson, Dean of St. Paul's and Bishop of Cbichester.
f St. 'Vylgefortis. See Notes and Queries, First Series, ii. p. 381.
.ø

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

85

Clerkenwell, where the wrestlinge is kept, after the wrestlinge was A.D. 1538.
done, there was hanged on a payre of gallowes, newe made, in the hange l
by the
wrest mge
same place, the hangman of London a and two more for robbillge a place at Clerk-
bouth in Bartlemewe fayre, which sayd hangInan had done execution enwell.
in London since the Holy
fayde of Kent was hanged, and was a
conninge butcher in quarteringe of men.
And the lnorrowe after, beinge 1\londay, there ,vas one Clifforde,b One h Put to
T

b
a gentleman, drawne from
ewegate to Tyburne, and there hanged counterfet-
and q uartered for treason, counterfettin g e the ICin g es P rivie si g net, t K i
ge the. .
mges pnVle
and his head set on London Bridge. signet.
This yere, in the moneth of September, the Lord Thomas Injunctions
n 11 L d P " S 1 V T' h TT" H " h sent through-
vrUlnwe, or nVle ea e, lcegerent to t e u..lnges 19 nes,c out England
for all his jurisdiction ecclesiasticall within this realme, sent out B for b t l o
av E e the
. ... . y e m ng-
certelne InjunctIons to all bIshops and curates throughout thIs lishe in every
1 b h h . f h K . } . . h h h parishe church
rea me, y t e aut onty 0 t e lnge, t 1at In every pans e c urc of all the
within this realme the curates should provide a booke of the bible realme.
in Englishe, of the largest volume, d to be a lidger e in the same
church for the parishioners to read on, the curate to beare the halfe
of the charge thereof, and the parishe the other halfe/ and that all

a One Cratwell.-Stow. b Edward Clifford.-Stow.
c Thomas Crumwell, now Lord Crumwell, was appointed Vicar-General in 1534,
and Vicegerent in Ecclesiastical Causes in 1536, in which year he also became Lord
Privy Seal.
d This order was revoked four years later.-See Statute 34 Henry VIII. cap. i.
e The word lidger, ledger, or leiger, is derived from the Dutch" liggen," to lie or
remain in a place," to be constantly there," as opposed to a temporary deposit.
f The price of Cranmer's "Great Bible" was fixed at 10,. as appears from
an original letter of Cranmer's to Crumwell, of the 14th November, 1538, preserved
in the Record Office: "This shalbe to signifie unto your Lordeship that ßartelett
and Edward Whitecherche hath ben 'with me, and have by their accomptes declared
thexpensis and charges of the pryntyng of the great bibles; and, by thadvise of
Bartelctt, I have appointed theym to be soulde for 13,. 4d. a pece, and not above.
Howebeit, Whitechurche enformeth me that your Lordeship thinketh it a moore
conveniente price to have theym solde at 10s. a pece, which, in respecte of the greate
chargis. both of the papal' (which in very de de is substanciall and good) and other
great hinderaunces, Whitechurche and his felowe thinketh it a small price. Never-
theles they ar right well contented to sell theym for 10s. so that you (Crumwell) wol

86

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. the lightes of waxe in every church to be taken downe, saffe onely
the roode-loft light, the light afore the sacralnent, and the light
afore the sepulchre; and that every curate shall keepe a booke or
register, wherein shall be written every weddinge, christninge, and
buryinge made within the saIne church throughout the whole yere,
the same booke to remaine in a chist with two lockes and two keyes
in the same church provided for the same, the one key to remaine
with the curate
and the other w'ith the churchwardens of the same
church, the charge to be at the cost of the parishe, with divers
other injunctions.

Thomas
Beckets bones
burnt and his
shryne
destroyed.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 30.
Allso Saint Austens Abbey, at Canterbury, was suppressed, and
the shryne and goodes taken to the Ringes treasurye, and St.
Thomas of Canterburies shryne allso,a and the monkes cOlnn1aunded
to cl.1aunge theyr habettes, and then after they should knowe the
Kinges further pleasure; and the bones of St. Thomas of Canter-
bury ,vere brent in the same church by Iny Lord Crumwell. They
found his head hole 'with the bones, which had a wounde in the
skull, for the monkes had closed another skull in silver richly,b for

In September,
1538.

be so good Lorde unto theym as to grannte hensforth none other lycence to any other
printer, saving to theym, for the printyng of the said Bible; for els thei thinke that
thei shal be greately hindered therbye yf any other shou]d printe, thei susteynyng
suche charges as they alredie have don. Wherfore, I shall beseche your Lordeship,
in consideration of their travai1e in this behalf, to tender their requestes, and thei
have promysed me to prynte in thende of their Bibles'the price therof, to thentent the
Kinges lege people shall not hensforth be deceyvid of thair price.
"Farther, yf your Lordeship hath known the Ringes Highnes pleasure concernyng
the Preface of the Bible, whiche I sent to youe to oversee, so that His Grace dothe
alowe the same, I pray you that the same may be delyvered unto the said White-
church unto printyng, trusting that it shall both encorage many slowe readers, and
also stay the rash judgementes of theym that reade therin," &c.
a Conspicnous amongst the treasures of Becket was a stone of great lustre, known
as the Royal of France, offered at Canterbury in 1179 by Louis VII.; this attracted
the King's fancy, and was henceforward worn by Henry VIII. on his thumb.
b In a letter of William Penison to Crumwell we have the mention of one of the
last visits paid to the shrine of Thomas à Becket before its spoliation. "Yesterday

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

87

people to offer to, which they sayd was St. Thomas skull, so that A.D. 1538.
nowe the abuse was openly knowne that they had used many yeres
afore; allso his ilnage was taken downe that stoode at the high
aulter at St. Thomas of Acres, in London, by n1Y Lord Crumwells
commandement, and all the glaswindowes a in the sayd church that
,vas of his story was taken downe, with the image of his puttinge
to death that was at the auiter, where the sayinge was, that he was
borne aIlso, so that there shall no more mention be made of him
never.
This yere allso, after Michelmas, all the orders of fryers in All orders of
London chaunged the[irJ habits to secular preistes habits, and

;

divers houses of fryers were suppressed in divers shyres of England b theyr hous
s
. . suppressed In
and cleane put downe for ever, and all theIr goodes and lmplelnents London.
sould to the Kinges use. C

my Lady of 1.Iontreuill, accompanied with her g-entilwomen and the ambassadour of
Fraunce, arryved in this towne, Canterbury, &c. where I showed her Saincte Thomas
shryne, and all such other thinges worthy of sight, at the which she was not litle
marveilled of the greate riches therof, saillg to be innumerable, and that, if she had
not seen it, all the men in the wourlde could never a made her to belyve it. Thus
over looking and vewing more then an owre, as well the shryne as Saint Thomas hed,
being at both sett cousshins to knyle, and the Priour, openyng Sainct Thomas hed,
saing to her 3 times, 'This is Sainc Thomas hed,' and offered her to kisse it; but
she nother knyled nor would kysse it, but stylI vewing the riches thcreof."-State
Papers, vol. i. part. ii. p. 584.
a The promoters of the Reformation at this early stage would not or dared not
speak for the conservation of anything. In too many instances not only the images
and madonnas were destroyed, but the choice mosaics and painted windows which
adorned the churches and abbeys were smashed, the monastic libraries soM for waste
paper, the bells sent to foreign countries, and not unfrequently the buildings dis-
mantled.
b In the year 1538 there were twenty-one monaRteries suppressed, and in the year
following a hundred and one. See the names of them in Rymer's Fædera, vol. xiv.
p. 590, &c. also Burnet, vol. i. pp. 144-6.
C A very considerable sum was realised from the sale of church ornaments, plate,
goods, lead, bells, and other ecclesiastical ornaments, which the government thought
not proper to have valued, but may be judged of by this single article, namely, that
in the Abbey of St. Edmondsbury alone there were found five thousand marks of
gold and silver in bullion.

A.D. 1538.
St. Thomas of
Acres sup-
pressed.

All shrines
destroyed and
all houses of
religion sup-
pressed.

Lord Marques
of Execester
sent to the
Towre.

The orders of
fryers sup-
pressed.

88

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

AIlso on St. U rsulaes day, beinge the 21th day of October this
same yere, the house of St. Thomas of Acres in London was
suppressed, and the Inaster and brethren put out and an the goodes
taken to the I{inges treasurye. This saIne daye was wont to be
hallowed for the dedication of the same church afore the I{inges
acte last made.
.A.llso divers other houses of religion were suppressed, and all
shrynes of sainctes taken downe throughout England,a and had to
the l{inges tresurye in the Towre of London, ,vhich amounted to
great riches. b
The fifte daye of November this yere the Lord Henry, l\Iarques
of Exceter,C and ErIe of Devonshire, and the Lord l\Iountacue d
allso, were arested for treason and had to the Towre of London
early in the lnorninge, and the Lady ì\Iarques of Exceter e .was sent
thither allso, after.
Allso, about the 12th day of November, all the houses of fryers
in London were suppressed and the fryers clene put out, a.nd the
goocles taken to the I{inges use; and the 14th day of November
the Charter House of London was suppressed and all the landes
and goodes taken to the I\"inges use, and all the lTIonkes set at
large, and chaunged their habits to secular preistes, so that at this
day remayned noe fryer in his habit through England.
Item, the 16th day of November Sir 'Villiam Nicholson, other-

a The number of monasteries suppressed first and last in England and Wales,
according to Camden, was 643, together with 90 colleges, 2,374 chantries and free
chapels; and 110 hospitals.-See Lord Herbert in Kennett, vol. ii. p. 218.
b The yearly value of the religious houses was returned at 152,517l. 188. 10d. as
stated in Stevens's History of Taxes, p. 215; but Dr. Lingard, on the authority of
Nasmith's edition of Tanner's Notitia :Monastica, puts it at 142,UI4l.
C Henry Courtenay, grandson of Edward IV. being son and heir of 'Villiam
Courtenay, the attainted Earl of Devon, and the Princess Katharine, daughter of
that King.
d Henry Pole, Lord
Iontacute, brother of Cardinal Pole.
e Gertrude Blount, :Marchioness of Exeter, was attainted in 1539, but subsequently
pardoned by Henry VIII. and died in 1559.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

89

wise called Lamberd,R ,vas convict of heresy at the Iringes pallace A.D. 1538.
of 'Vestminster, the I(inges l\lajestic sitting in his owne person in
his estate royall in the hal1 of the sayd palJace,b and his Lordes
spirituall and telnporall about hinl, and there heard the articles of
the sayd LambeI'd, and the bishops answeringe against him,c which Lambenl burnt
articles \vere these follo\vinge: the first, "Infantes non sunt bapti- for heresye.
zandi;" the 2 nd , '" Corpus Christi non adest præsentialiter in sacra-
Dlcnto altar is ;" 3 d ," Interprctntionibus sacræ scripturæ nulla fides est
adhibenda;" 4 t h," Christus non assulnpsit carneln ex'Tirgine l\Iaria."
For the which heresies the sayd Lamberd, the 22 day of Roven1.ber,
was dra wne from the bridge foote through London into Sm ythfeilde,
and there burnte to ashes the same daye.
Allso the sayd 22nd daye of November ,vas a proclamation made St. Thomas of
by the l\"inges commaundelnent that the Anabaptists should avoyde Can
erburye's
. serVIce put
the real me wit1lln 10 dayes after the sayd proclamation, on payne downe.
of death, and that noe person of the ICinges subjectes, or other
\vithin the ICinges dOlninions, should reason of the mystery of the
sacrament of the aulter on payne of death. Allso that Thomas
Beckett, sometyme Bishop of Canterbury, and Inade a saint by
the Bishop of ltomes authority, should frOln hence forth not be
estemed, named, reputed, nor called a sainct, but Bishop Beckett,
and that his images and pictures through the whole realme should
be put downe and avoyded out of aU churches, chappelles, and
other places, and that from henceforth the dayes used to be festivall
in his name should not be observed, nor the service, office, anti-
a In Hall's Chronicle (p. 826) " John Nicholson, otherwise called Lambert, a
priest." He was formerly in priest's orders, hut now a schoolmaster in London.
IJ On a previous occasion he had been questioned for unsollild opinions by Arch-
bishop 'Varham, but upon the death of that prelate, and the change of counsels at
Court, he had IJeen released.-Fox, vol. ii. p. 3[16.
c Stow
s narrative is very similar: "Divers articles were ministered to him by
Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterhury, Latimer, Bishop of 'V orcester, and
others, but mainly the lung pressecl him sore, and in the :end offered him pardon
if he would renounce his opinion, but he would not, therefore he was condemned, had
judgment at the King's mouth, and was hrent in Smithfield.'
-Stow, ed. 1631,
p. [,76.
CAMD. SOC. N

A.D. 1538.

The bloud of
Hales.

Anabaptistes
burnt.

Lord Chan-
cellor made a
baron.

90

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

phones, coIlectes, and prayers in his name reade, but rased and put
out of all bookes, because yt is founde that he dyed lyke a tray tor
and rebell to his Prince, as is set out at large in the sayd procla-
mati on, a with divers other good articles for the wealth of this
reahne.
Also the 24th day of November, beinge Sonday, the Bishop of
Rochester b preached at Paules Crosse, and there shewed the bloude
of Hales, and recanted certeine wordes that he had spoken of the
sayd bloude that it was a dukes C bloude, and no,ve shewed playnely
that yt was noe bloude, but hony clarified and coloured with saffron,
and lyinge lyke a goume,d as it evydently had bene proved and
tasted e afore the I{inge and his counsayll, and did let every man
behould yt there at Paules Crosse, and all the way as he went to
dinner to the mayres, to loke on yt, so that every person might
well perceive the abuse of the sayd thinge. AIlso foure persons of
the Anabaptistes heretykely bare fagottes the same daye at Paules
Crosse, 3 men and 1 won1an, all Duchelnen borne.
AIlso, on St. Andrewes even,í was a man and a woman of the
Anabaptistes burnt in Smithfeild, Duch persons, for heresy against
the sacrament of the aulter; a11so, on St. Andrewes day, was burnt
at Colehester a Dueh man, ,vhieh was husband to the sayd 'v oman
that was burnt in Smythfeild, which was a goodly yang man, and
. about 22 yeres of age, for the same opinion.
Item, the first day of December,g Sir Thomas Audley, knight,

a Proclamation was made, ordering that" Thomas Becket, sometime Archbishop
of Canterbury," be cited to appear in court, to answer charges preferred against him;
who not appearing, Henry assigned him counsel. With all solemnity the court sat,
June 11th 1539; the Attorney-General pleaded for the Crown, the counsel were heard
for the defence, and the long defunct prelate was convicted of rebellion and treason.
The sentence on him was that bis bones should be burnt as an example, and the rich
offerings at his shrines (his personal property) be forfeited to the King.
b John Hilsey, late Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, who died this
year.
c A duck's blooù.
e Tested.
II: Other authorities say N ovemher 2Dth.

d Gum.
f November 29th.

,\VRIOTHESLEY'S CIIRONICLE.

91

and Chancellor of England,a was made a baron by the I(inges wryt, A.D. 1538.
named Lord Audley of vValden.
And the seconde day of Dccelnber, beinge l\fonday, the Lord LordMontague
1\lontague, one of the Kinges Graces nere kinsmen,b was arraigned araigned.
at 'Vestminster Hall and there attain ted of treason C by his peeres,
the Lord Audley, Chauncellor of England, sittinge there under the
cloth of estate as high stuard for the l{inge, and giving his judg-
Inent;d and the thirde of the same moneth, the Lord Henry Courtney,

Iarques of Exceter and Earle ðf Devonshire, and the l{inges nere
kinselnan, e was arraigned at Westminster Hall and there attainted
of treason by his pecres; and the fourth day of December, Sir
Edward Nevill, knight/ and one of the Kinges Privie Chalnber, Sir
J e:ffrey Poole,g knight, and brother to the Lord 1\Iontague, Doctor
Crofte, preist, and Chauncellor of Chichester, and a preiste, chapleine Certeine per-
l L d l\ /f d H II d f h L d sons arraiO'ncd
to t 1e or l:10ntague, an one 0 an , a servaunte 0 t e or at 'Vest- 0

Iontagues, were all araigned at Westminster Hall, and there con- minster.
dempned to death, for treason against the I{inge, h by the coun-

a Lord Chancellor 1533-44.
b Henry Pole, Lord Montacute, was second cousin to King Henry VIII. being
grandson of George Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV. whose daughter
Elizabeth married Henry VII.
c The charge against him was for devising to maintain, promote, and advance one
Reginald Pole (Cardinal Pole), late Dean of Exeter, enemy to the King beyond the
sea, and to lleprive the King.-Stm
', p. 576.
d Lord Herbert, a contemporary, says, "The particular offences of these great
persons are not yet so fully made known to me that I can say much; only, I find
among our records that Thomas 'Wriotesley, secretary (then at Brussels), writing of
their apprehension to Sir Thomas W yat, ambassador in Spain, said that the accusa-
tions were great and {luly proved. And in another place I read that they sent the
Cardinal money."-Lord Herbert in Kennett, vol. ii. p. 216.
e Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, was first cousin of King Henry VIII.
being son of the Princess Katharine, daughter of Ed"ward IV. and therefore sister of
Queen Elizabeth, mother of Henry VIII.
f Sir Edward Neville, brother to the Lord Abergavenny, was Sewer of the House-
bohl. g Sir GeoiIrey Pole, brother of Cardinal Pole.
h "We know little concerning the justice or iniquity of the sentence pronounced
l1gainst these men, we only know that the conùemnation of a man wbo was at that
time prosecuted by the Court forms no presumption of his guilt, though, as no

92

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. saill of Raynold Poole,a Cardinall, and brotheT to the Lord l\Ion-
tague, which pretended to have enhaunsed the Bishop of Romcs
usurped authority b againe, lyke tray tors to God and theyr prince,
The bishops of through the helpe - of the lordes afore written. c This yere was a
children on St. d f 1 11 ' 1 l
h .
Nicholas da e COlnmaun ement sent rom t le Inayor to a pans le c lure es In
put downe. y London, that the clearkes should ma.ke Doe bishops of ehildren on
Saint Nicholas Even d and daye, nor Inake noe goeinge about as the
olde custome hath bene.
Allso, the 9th day of December,e beinge 1\londaye, Doctor Croft,
Chauncellor of Chichester, Iny Lord
lontagues chaplaine, and
Holland, were drawne from the Towre of London to Tyburne, and
there hanged and quartered, their heades sett on London Bridge,
and theyr quarters on divers gates about London; and, incontinent
after the shrives had brought the sayd persons to Newegatc, the
Ringes shrive, which ,vas 1\11'. \Vilkinson, mercer, returned backe
againe to the Tower Hill, and there see execution done on the
Lord l\farques Lord l\larques of Exceter, the Lord ßIontague, and Sir Ed\vard
;

t
f
::
ue Kevill, which three persons ,vere there beheaded, and theyr heds
and bodyes were buryed in the chappell .within the To,ver of
London, and Sir Jeffrey Poole had his pardon given hilll after
Christnlas by the I
inge. f

historian of credit mentions, in the present case, any complaint occasioned by these
trials, we may presume that sufficient evidence .",-as produced against the :Marquis of
Exeter and his associates."-IIume's History of England, ed. 1773, vol. iv. p. 187.
a Reginald Pole, Cardinal.
b Cardinal Pole was appointed legate to the Low Countries in 1537, with the
object of organizing a powerful league of the I
ope, the Emperor Charles V. aIIll
Francis 1. of ]"'rance, against the Engli
h monarch.
c This passage would seem to imply that the charges against Lord
Iontaeute and
the others were based on letters or speeches of the Cardinal, who used his influence
with the English Catholics to keep alive the flame of the Northern rebellion.
d December 5th.
e Other authorities lmve 9th January, 1539.-See Hall and Stow.
f In accorùance with a promise made to him at his trial, when he was induceù to
pleml guilty, so that his confession might be use1. to ruin the others. It is supposed
that he owed his pardon to having first carried to the King secret intelligence of the
conspuacy.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

93

Allso in this lTIoneth the nunrye of St. IIelins, ,vithin Bishops- A.D. 1538-9.
gate, of London, was suppressed and the nunnes put out, and NU1
ry at Saint
.' Helmes sup-
chaunged theyr habIts to laye women. pressed.
Allso this yere, the Sonday afore Christmas daye,a Henry Daunce, Hem:,y Daunce
b . kl 1 . h d ' d h . h . h ] . bearmge a
nc ,... ayeI', 'v HC 1 use to preac III IS ouse t ns sOHlller past, fagott at
bare a fagott at Paules Crosse for heresye, and 2 persons more with Paules.
him, one beinge a preist, for heresy allso.
This yere, the 13th day of February, Sir Kicholas Carowe,b [A. D.153a.]
l\Iaster of the l{inges Horse, and one of his Privie Chamber, and Sir Nicholas
I T . 1 f h G . d ""'"'IT' d 1 Carowe ar-

nIg 1t 0 t e arter, was arraIgne at " v estlnInster, an t 1ere raigned.
condemned to cleath for treason c against the J{inge and his reahne.
The 19th day of Februarye there were three persons hanged at Thre persons
P I CI . S G . (.... 1 1 r 1 . hanU'ed at
au es layne, agaInst t. regones v lurc 1, lor Inurt lennge a l
u\-rles
knyght of Chesshire, called
fr. Chalnley,d knyght, ,vhich 3 persons Chayne.
were named 1\Ianneringe and Jones, e gentlelnen of Chtsshire, and
one Potter, a servinglnan. The sayd lnurther was done in the
same place where the gallowes were made. There [,vere ] 2 other
of the Princes servauntes at the sayd lTIurther, 'which we[reJ sent
into Chesshire to have execution there, in the to,vne where the
sayd 1\11'. ChaITIley dwelled.
The thirde daye of l\Iarch, beinge l\Ionday, the second we eke of Sir Nichola::;
Lent, Sir Nicholas Carowe was beheaded at the Tower Hill/ and
:

:1

a December 29th.
b Sir Nicholas Carew, of Reddington, Surrey, was appointed l\Iaster of the Horse,
29th September, 1.321, and Grand Esquire of England in 1527.
C For being of counsel with Henry :Marquis of Exeter and Henry Pole Lord
Montacute.-Stow, p. 576.
d Roger Cholmeley, eRq.-Hall and Stow.
e John Jones, John Potter, and "\Villiam l\Ianering, as we learn from Stow, who
adds that they were hanged in the Prince's livery (because they were the Prince's
servants) on thc south side of Paul's Churchyard.-Page 576.
f "'Vbcre he made a goodly confession, Loth of his folly and superstitious faitlI,
giving God most hearty thanks that ever he came in the prison of the Tower, where
he first Ravourerl the life and sweetness of God's most holy word, meaning the
Bible in English, which there he rcnd by the means of one Thomas Phclips then
Keepcr."-Hall's Chronicle p. 827.

A.D. 1539.

Thre newe barons
made by patents.

Newe officers of the
lUnges househoulde.

Abbey at Tower Hill
and
Iineries sup-
pressed.

[Anno Reg. 31.]
A Parliament
begunne.

Convocation.

94

'VRIOTHE
LEY'S CHRONICLE.

his body with the head was buryed within the chappell in the
To,ver of London.
This yere, the 9th day of l\larch, beinge the gde Sonday in Lent,
,vere created by patents at the I\:inges paUnce of WestlnÌnster thre
barons, that is to say, Sir "TiUiam Paulet, that was Treasurer of
the I{inges House,a was Inade Lord St. John, Sir John Russell,
of the I\:inges Privie Chamber, was Inade "Lord Russell, Sir 'Villialn
Parre ,vas made Lord Parre,b and Sir Tholnas Cheynye, Lord
"r arden of the Sinke Ports, was Inade Treasurer of the J{inges
Househould, and Sir ,,-rilliam J{ingestùn was lTIade Controuler of
the J\:inges Househould, and Sir Richard \Vingefeilde was lTIade
Captaine of the Guarde and Vice
Cha1nber1aine to the I\:inge,
which ron1e Sir 'Villiam J{ingeston had before.
This yere, the last day" of 1\Iarch, 1539, beinge tbe 1\Iondaye
after Palme Sonday, the Abbey of 'Vhite 1\lonkes at Tower HilJ,
and the nonnery at [the] l\Iineries without Allgate, were suppressed,
and the monkes and nunnes put out.
This yere the 28th da.y of Aprill, 1539, beinge 1\Ionday, the
Parliament beganne, the I{ ynge rydingc in his Parlia1nent robes,
with all his Lords spirituall and temporalI, froln his pallace, some-
tYlne calJed Yorke Place,c to 'Vestl11inster Abbey, and there had
masse of the Holy Ghost, and after Inasse went into the Parliament
Chamber, where my Lord Audley, Chauncel10r of England, Inade
an oration before the I{ingc and his Lordes spirituall and temporall,
and that done, the J{ingc and his Lordes put of theire roòes, and so
rode to dinner to his paUace.
And the seconde day of l\lay, bcinge Fryday, the Convocation of
the Bishops and Cleargy beganne at Pawles in London, the Bishop!>
of London singinge the masse of the Holy Ghost; and after lTIaSSe
1\11'. Ridley,d Bachelor of Divinity and chaplaine to my Lord of
a Sir W. Paulet was Treasurer of the Household from 1537 to 1540.
b Afterwards create(l Earl of Essex, 23rd December, 1543.
c The palace at 'VhitehaU, so long as it belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, was caUed
York Place.
d Nicholas Ridley,
Iaster of Pembroke HaU, Cambridge. He was subsequently

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

95

Canterbury, made a sermon in Latine before the bishops, wherein A.D. 1539.
he touched much the reformation of divers thinges in the spiritualty
concerninge the abuses of the same, his antheme beinge: "Tilnor
Domini initium sapientiæ."
This yere the thirde daye of
Iaye the ilnages at the 1\Iounte The
Iounte
besyde the Charterhouse were taken downe by my Lorde Privie put downe.
Seales a commaundelnent because the people should use noe more
idola trye.
This yere the 8th daye of l\Iaye, beinge Thursday, all the citizens The greate
of London lnustered in harnes afore the l{in g e;b the y g athered and m L ust l er in
one on.
assembled togither at l\Iyles Ende and Stepney, and soe there w'ere
sett in aray in three battells,c and so ,vent in ara.y in at Algate
and through Cornehill and Cheape to 'VestIninster, and round about
the l{inges parke at St. James, and sae over the feildes into Hol-
borne and in at N ewegate, and there brake of every man to his
house. The battelles were thus ordered: fyrst gonners and 4 great
gonnes dra,vne aillongst. them in cartes; then Inorris pykes ; then
bowe men; and then bill men; all the cheife householders of the
city havinge coats of white dalnaske and white sat ten on theyr
harnes richly besene, the constables in jornets Ù of white satten, and
the aldermen rydinge in coates of blacke velvet with the crosse and
s,vorde for the citye on their coates over theyr harnes, and theyr
deputyes rydinge after them in coates of white dalnaske, every
alderman having his standerd borne before him by one of the tallest
househoulders in his warde, the mayor e rydinge in the middest of
the middle battle in a coate of black velvet on his harnes, and his
t,vo hensmen f followinge him in coates of cloth of gold and blacke
velvet, the officers goeinge about him in harnes, and the shirives

consecrated Bishop of Rochester September 5th, 1547, tru.nslated to London April
1st, 1350, and, being brought to trial for heresy by Queen 1\Iary, was burned at the
same stake with Latimer, October 1Gth, 1555.
a Thomas Lord Crumwell, appointed Lord Privy Seal, 2nd July, 1536.
b On this occasion they made as splendid an appearance as in the year 1532.
c Obsolete form of battalions. d Jerkins.
e Sir 'Villiam Forman. f Henchmen.

96

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CllRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. followinge the ende of the middle battell with theyr officers, every
alderl11an having foure footeI11en with bylles and jerkins of white
satten, and all the
est of the city in coates of ,vhite cotton, which
was a goodly sight to behoulde. l\Iy Lord CrolTIwell had al110nge
thel11 one m. men of gunners, l110rris pykes, and bowel11en, goeing
in jerkins after the socheners a fashion, and his gentlelnen goeinge
by, to sett them in array, in jerkins of buffe leather, dublets and
hose of white sat ten and taffata sarsenet, which he did for the
honour of the citye; and 1\11'. Gregory Crul11well,b and l\lr. Rir,hard
Crulnwell,c ,vith Sir Christofer Norris, l\Iaster of the Ordinance,
and other of the ICinges servauntes, followed the eude of the last
batteD, rydinge on goodly horses and ,veIl apparayled. The I\:inges
Grace stoode in the gatehouse of his pallace of 'Vestlninster to see
then1 as they passed by, with the lordes and fan1ily of his house-
hould; and the Lord Chauncellor, Duke of N orfolke, Duke of
Suffolke, with other lorùes of the JCinges househould, stoode at the
Duke of Suffolkes place by Charinge Crosse to see thel11 as they
passed by. They were nlunbred by my Lord Chauncellour to the
nOl11ber of 16 thousand and a halfe and l11ore,d howbeit, a man
would have thought they had bene above 30 thousand, they ,vere
so longe passingè by; they went five men of every weapon on a
front e together, and beganne to enter the citye on aray at Aldgate
at 9 of the clocke, and by 12 they beganne to come before the
JCinge, and yt was past 5 of the clocke or the ende passed before
the J{inge; and, ere the last battell 'v ere entered Cornehill, the first
battell were breakinge hOlne at Kewegate. There was never a
goodlyer sight in London, nor the citizens better besene, then this

a Probably for socagers, armed tenants.
b Gregory was son and heir apparent of Thomas Lord Crumwell.
c Crumwell's nephew, Richard 1Villiams, assumed his uncle's name of CrumweH,
and became in 1540 a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.
d This army, according to
faitland, consisted of three divisions of five thousand
men each, exclusive of pioneers and attendu,llts, being the greater part of the male
population between the ages of 16 and 60.-See :l\Iaitland's London.
e Abreast.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CIIROXICLE.

97

lTIUster a was, which ,vas a great rejoycinge to the l\::inges l\Iajestie, A.D. 1.339.
and a great honour to the citye.
This yere, the 7 th day of June, beinge the Saterday after Corpus T
e empresse
Christi daye,b there was a great and solemne obit kept at Paules in obIt.
London for the Elnpresse late wyfe to Charles the Fifte, Elnperor
nowe, and beinge daughter to the l{inge of Portingale, whose
na1TIe was Elizabeth;C at the ,vhich obit was a sUlnptuous hearse
Inade in Paules quire before the high aulter, 8 square, lyke an
imperyall crowne, full of tapers of waxe, and branches with scutcheons
and penons richly guilded of the ElTIperOrs and Elnpresse annes,
and a rich valence of blacke sarcenet fringed with gould hanginge
about the same hearse, ,vith a scripture of letters of goulde, which
was "l\Iiserere 111ei Deus," and divers banners of the Elnperors and
Elnpresse armes hanginge about the sayd hearse richly guilded, and
one of the kings of harrouldes houldinge a standerd richly painted
of the Elnperours and Elnpres anTIes at the feet of the hearse, ,vith
his coate armour on his backe, and his mourninge go,vne, and foure
other harrouldes houldinge foure other banners of ,vhite sarcenet
richly guilded, with the ilnages of Our Lady and Saint Elizabeth,d
in their Inourninge gownes and coate armours; allso Pawles quyre
singinge the dirige; the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Arch-
bishop of Y orke,e 'with 8 other bishops, sitting in the quyre in riche
copes and my tel'S on theyI' heades; and the Bishopp of London
sittinge in his stallc in his lTIyter as cheife executor at the sayd dirige;
the Arch bishop of Canterbury and the Arch bishop of Yorke sensinge

a This muster was the greatest ever made by the citizens of London till this
time, notwithstanding the relation of FitzStephen, who tells us that in the reign of
King Stephen the City sent into the field CO,OOO foot and 20,000 horse, probaùly a
mistake for 6,000 foot and 2,000 horsc.
b The Thursday after Trinity Sunday in 1539 would fall on June 5th, and
therefore Saturday would he the 7th JUlie.
C Isabella, or Elizabeth, Infanta of Portugal, wa
married to the Emperor Charles
V. in J 526, and died 1st
Iay, 1.")R9.
d St. Elizaheth, Queen of Portngal.
e Archhishops Cranmer and Lee.
CA1\ID. SOC.

o

98

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. the hearse at
{agnifìcat and Benedictus; Sir Thomas A udley, Lord
of 'Valden and Chauncellor of England, beinge cheife .mourner
as the ICinges persons, a goeing in a kyrtle and roobe with a hoode
of blacke cloth, the Lord Windesore, :rvlaster of the ICinges Ward-
robe, bearing his trayne, and a gentlelnan usher bearinge yt in the
middest, with the kinge of harrouldes b and two sergeantes of armes
goeinge afore hiln; the Duke of N orfolke, the Duke of Suffolke,
Lord Crumwe11 Lord Privie Seale, Lord l\Iarques Dorset, Earle of
Ox forde, Earle of Surrey, Earle of Sussex, and the Earle ofllampton,c
Lord Admira11, beinge all mourners allso, and goeinge in robes and
hoodes of black, with harrouldes of armes before theIn, goeinge all
before the I{inges deputie from the revestre in the body of the
church of Paw]es unto the hearse, and there kneelinge about the
sayd hearse till the dirige ended, and after that goeing all in order
into Our Lady Chappell behinde St. Ekinwaldes d shryne, ,vhere
they had brought them spyces and wine, the Emperours elnbassadour
and the French Ringes embassadour standinge on each side of
the ICinges deputy there at the sayd drinkingc, in theyr mourninge
roobes aIlso, and soe departed thens to the revestre in the body of
the church, ,,,,here they lnade them ready, and there put of their
nlourninge garmentes; a11so the l\Iayor of London, with all the
aldermen and sheriffes ,vith black gownes, and divers craftes of the
citic in their liveries, were present at the sayd obit, with the
l\Iastcrs of the Stylliard and the Spaniardes; e and all the body of
the Ghurch of Pawles in the middle yle, from the west dore to the
high auIter, was hanged ,vith black cloth and scutcheons of the
Emperours and Empresse armes; a11so there was in every parishe
church within London a hearse l11ade ,vith a coffin and tapers
burninge, and a dirige songe by the preistes in every parishe, with

a III placc of the King.
" Thomas Hawley, Clarcncieux IGng-at-Arms, 1536-57.
C Sir'Villiam Fitzwilliam, created Earl of Southampton 18th October, 1537, was
Lord High Admiral from 153ö to 1540.
<l St. 'Erconwn 1ft c Spanish merchant

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHKONICLE.

99

an aftcrnone knill, and the belles ringinge at the sayd dirige till A.D. 1539.
6 of the clock at night, and a masse of requieln kept in every
church the morro we after, with all the belles ringinge till noone in
every parishe church. The morrowe, beinge Sondaye, there was
a solempne masse of requieln at Pawles songe by the Bishop of
London, the Abbot of St. Albons beinge deacon, and the Abbot of
Tewkesbery subdeacon, with their Inyters, and the Archbishop of
Canterbury and the Archbishop of Yorke, the Bishopp of Durrhaln,
the Bishop of \Vinchester, the Bishop of Lincolne, the Bishopp of
Bathe, and two other bishops, beinge in their pontificalibus, sittinge
about the high aulter at the sayd Inasse and at the offringe; the
Lord Chauncellour offeringe as the l{inges deputye, the Duke of
N orfolké gi vinge his offeringe as Treasurer of England, then the
Elnperours and French l{inges elnbassadours offringe next, and so
the other Iordes mourners, then the l\layor of London, ,vith the
aldermen and sheriffes, the 1\Iasters of the Stylliard, and then the
Spanyardes; and after masse the hearse was censed by the 2 arch-
bishops, and foure other bishops goeinge three tYlnes about at the
verses of the 9 respons, "Libera me Domine;" this done, the
Kinges deputie, with the embassadours and other lordes and bishops,
went to Baynardes Castle, ,vhere they dyned and had a great
dinner with many delicate meates and suttletes, with the EInperour
and Elnpresse armes garnished, which ,vere longe to reherse; and
thus ended the solempnitie for the Empresse. She dyed about the
begininge of
la ye a last past in Spaine.
This yere the 17th day of June ,vas a triumphc on the Thallles
before the I\:inges pallace at "\Vestminster, where were two barges
prepared ,vith ordinance of warre, as gonnes and dartes of reede,
one for the Bishop of Rome and his cardinalles, and the other for
the I{inges Grace, and so rowed up and downe the Thalnes froln A tryumphc
"\Vestminster Bridge to the ICinges Bridge; b and the Pope [ and his O T TI h thc
ames.

a
lay 1st, 15:m.
b The King's Bridge was situated at the eastern end of tbe new Palace of \Vest-
minster, on the river hank, some short distance from Old Palace Stairs, and was so caHed

A.D. 1539.

The watche
put dowlle.

100

'VRIOTHE8LEY'S CHRONICLE.

cardinals] a Blade their defyance against England and shot their
I ordinaunce one at another, and so had three courses np and do\vne
the water; and at the fourth course they joyned togither and fought
sore; but at last the Pope and his cardinalles were OVere0111e, and
all his Inen cast over the borde into the Thames; howbeyt there
"was none dro\vned, for they were persons chosen which could
s'VitUn1e, and the ICinges barge lay by hoveringe to take theln upp
as they were cast over the borde, which was a goodly pastilne. The
ICinges Grace \vith his lordes and certeine ladyes standinge on the
leades over his privie stayers, \vhich \vas covered with canvas and
set 'with grene bowes and roses properlye made, so that rose ,vater
sprinkled downe froin them into the Thames upon ladies and gentle-
\vomen which were in barges and boates under to se the pastime.
And aUso t,vo other barges rowed up and dOWlle \vith banners and
penons of the armes of England and St. George, wherein \vere the
sagbuts and waightes, which played on the water, and so fynished.
.. Anso this yere the \vatche kept in London at l\lidsominer ,vas put
downe by the ICinges commaundement because the citizens had
bene at great charge in their IYlUster; b howebeyt the Jnayor and
sheriffes had prepared divers pageantes with lightes and other
thinges for to have had the sayd watche, and had noe knowledge
till two clayes afore l\Iidsolnlner that yt should not be kept, ,vhich
\vas a great losse to poore men.
The Parlialnent begunne in Aprill last past brake up the 28th
daye of June, and waf, rejourned till the morrowe after All Soules C
da.ye next comlninge.
Allso because the lordes and judges had taken great paynes this

in contradistinction to the Queen's Bridge or Stairs, situated at the western end of
the Palace of 'Vhitehall. 'Vestminster Bridge, mentioned in our text, was another
of these river stages, of which there were severaì on the northern bank of the
Thames.
a Omitted in :US.
b The annual mu.rch of the City watch u.t
'lidsummer, being laid aside on this
occasion, was not revived till the mayoralty of Sir Thomas Gresham, who again set
it on foot in the year 1548. c 2nd November.

'VRIOTH.ESLEY'S CHRONICLß.

101

Parliament by their longe sittinge the ICinge caused the teanne to A.D. 1539.
breake up the fourth day of July, which was 8 dayes sooner then yt
should have bene after the oulde use.
This yere a 3 or 4 dayes after that the Parlialnent had broken up
the Bishop of Salisbury, called Doctor Shaxton, which was abnoner Two Bishops
to Queene Anne,a and the Bishop of 'V orcester, called Doctor deposed.
Latilner, resigned their bishoprickes into the ICinges handes. The
cause \vas for certeine actes l11ade in this last Parliament,b 'which
after their consciences should not stande with scripture, ho,vbeyt all
the cleargie of the whole Convocation C and Parliament had set
theyI' handes save these 2 bishops and Doctor Craine d and Doctor
Taylonr, 'which
ayd theyI' consciences ,vould not be agreeable thereto,
wherfore they stand an at the I{inges pleasure nowe.
This yere, the 8th daye of J ulye, were foure persons e drawne
from the l\Iarshalsca to St. Tholnas vVateringes,r and there hanged,
headed, and quartered; two were fryers, and the Vicar of \Vans-
worth, sometime chaplaine to the J\Iarques of Exceter late put to
death, and another preist with hil11, allso for treason.
Allso, the 9th daye of July, Sir Adryan Foskewe,g knight, and Certaine
one Dingley,h a ICllight of the Rhodes, ,vere beheaded at the Towre
:

:d b
llill, and two servinge men dra,vne. from the Tower to Tyburnè,

te of p
-
. . lutment and
and there hanged, headed, and quartered, all whIch persons were some put to
death.

n Nicholas Shaxton was appointed almoner to Anne Boleyn in 1534, and the year
following preferred to the bishopric of Salisbury, which he held till 1339.
b It was in this parliament that the Six Articles, generally culled the Bloody
Statute, were passed.
c Archbishop Cranmer opposed the passage of the bill in Parliament, but ineffec-
tually. The King desired him to absent himself, but he could not be prevailed upon
to give this proof of compliance.-Burnet, vol. 1. pp. 249, 270.
d Dr. Edward Crome.
e The four persons ,vere Griffith Clarke, Vicar of 'Vands,vorth, with his chaplain
and his servant, and
"'riar 'Vnire.-Stow, p. 577.
f St. Thomas 'Vaterings was a brook at the second milestone in the Old Kent
Road, where executions were ,vont to take place. It was at this spot Chaucer makes
his pilgrims halt for the first time after quitting the Talbot or Tabard Inn.
g Sir Adrian Fortescue. h Thomas Dingley.

A.D. 1539.

Religious
houses cleane
put downe by
Acte of Par-
liament.

102

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE,

attainted at the last Parlian1ent for treason; and allso the Countes
of Salisburye,a mother to the Lord
Iontague and his brethren, the
lady,b late \vyfe of the l\Iarques of Exceter last put to death, \vere
allso attainted of treason at the sayd Parlialnent,c and all theyr
]andes and goodes with divers more anso, which sayd ladies were
prisoners in the T o,ver of London with the children of the Lord
l\Iarques [of Exeter] and Lord Montague d allso.
At this Parliatnent all the religious houses in England, suppressed
and not suppressed, were granted to the H::inge to the augmentation
of his cro,vne for ever; e and allso divers opinions concerninge the
fayth, which hath longe bene in doubt by seditious preachinge, was
finally resolved, accorded, and agreed by the J{inge and his Parlia-
ment for ever, and who that offendeth contrary to the sayd Acte f
shall be adjudged an heretike, and to be burnt without any
abjuration; g all so , yt is enacted in the sayd Parlialnent that
preistes shall have noe wives, and that all preistes and religious
persons that have avowed chastitie, that be allready wedded, shall
be divorced, or elles to forfaite their goo des and benefyces, and at
the seconde nlonition, death, as by the sayd Acte at large appeareth.
It is reported that there be in England of preistes and religious

a Margaret Countess of Sulisbury was daughter of George Duke of Clarence, and
wife of Sir Richard Pole. On account of the treason of her children she was
attainted in 1539, and beheaded in 1541.
b GeJjrude TIlount married Henry :Marquis of Exeter; she was attainted in 1.339,
but was pardoned, and survived the King, not dying ti111559.
c Lord Herbert and others state that the Countess of Salisbury and the :Marchioness
of Exeter were not heard in their defence, but positive evidence of this would appear
to be wanting.
d Henry Pole, Lord l\fontacute. The violent hatred which Henry VIII. bore to
Cardinal Pole had extended itself to all his relations and friends.
e These vast revenues, amounting to between one-fifth and one-tenth of the whole
rental of England, if frugally husbu.nded would have rendered the Crown indepen-
dent of Parliamentary aid.
f 31 Henry VIII. e. 14. The Law of the Six .Articles.
g This refers to the First Article, which enforced the doctrine of the real presence,
not admitting the pridlege of abjuring. The deniul of this doch'ine subjected.
the penon to death hy fire, HIld to the same forfeitures as in cases of treaKon.

'VRIOTHESIJEY'S CHRO:r\ICL E.

103

persons that have prestuned to marry above 300 persons, which A.D. 153D.
nowe by the sayd Acte must be élivorced,a which is a godly Acte,
and shall cause the spiritualty to shewe good example by theyr
1 yfe. b
AIlso the ICinge gave the bishopricke of Salisburye to the Bishop Newe bishopps
of Bangor,C which sometyme was Abbot of Hyde, and he gave Doctor

nt::ms set
Belle, one of the Counsaill, d the Bishoppricke of 'V orcester, and to th
ir .
LatYlner e was conunitted to the Bishop of Chichester, called Doctor penClOns.
SatTIpson, Deane of the ICinges Chappell,! and Doctor Shaxton g
was committed to the Bishop of Bathe, h to remaine in theyr wardes,
at the l{inges pleasures, as prisoners.
This yere, the election of the sheriffe, by the Commons of the The election
.. f L d f ld .. . d b h S . of Sheriffe
cItle 0 on on 0 e er antIqultIe, use to e c osen on alnt chaunged to
l\Iathewes i daye, and at 6 yeres past changed to the seconde day the l O A ugusti.
of Septelnber by the mayor and aldermen with the common counsaill
of the citie, was now chaunged to the fyrst daye of August, at

n In complianC'e witb this statute, Archbishop Cranmer was obliged to dismiss his
wife, the niece of O;;iander, a famous divine of Nuremhurg, and the King, satisfied
with this proof of submission, showed him his former countenance and favour.-
See Lord Herbert's History in Kennett, p. 219.
b The marriage of priests was entirely prohibited by the law of the Six Articles,
nnd their commerce with women was, on the first offence, made forfeiture of goods
and imprisonment, awl, on the second, death.
C John Salcot, alias Capon, D.D. and Ahbot of Hyde, was consecrated Bishop of
Bangor in 1.334, without resigning his abbacy, and was translated to Salisbury on
the resignation of Dr. Shaxton, 31st July, 1539.
d John Bell, D.D. the King's chaplain, and Archdeacon of Gloucester, was elected
Bishop of 1\r orcester 2nd August, 1.339.
e Hugh Latimer, late Bishop of 'Vorcest
r, resigned on the 1st of July, 1539. He
was soon afterwards in prison for speaking against the Six Articles, and remained
in confinement till the King's death.
f Hichard Sampson, LL.D. Bishop of Chichester, was Dean of St. Paul's.
g Dr. Shaxton, late Bishop of Salisbury, resigned in conseqllence of not subscribing
the Six Artieles.
h John Clerk, LL.D. late
faster of the Rolls and Dean of the Royal Chnpel, WfiS
nominated to the see of Bath and 'VeIls 2nd !\'fay, J 523.
i Septem her 21
t.

104

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CRRO:N ICLE.

A.D. 1539. ,vhich day was chosen by the COlnnlons of the sayd citye of London
for sheriffe Tholnas Huntley, haberdasher; and the 111ayor had
elected and chOf;:en on Reliques Sondaya last past for the ICinges
sheriffe John Farye,b nlercer, merchant of the Staple of Callis.
The cause why the election ,vas chaunged was because the sheriffes
11light have a convenient t.YIne to prepare their houses before the
tYIne of their oath-takinge, and allso because divers persons, beinge
of ability to the sayd election, ,voulde absent theInselves out of the
citie whcn the sayd election should be; in consideration whereof,
that yf the sayd persons at the sayd election 'were out of the citie
beyonde the sea, or elles at any other parte of this realme, that they
Inight have a sufficient tyme of knoweledge afore hand to shewe
theyr unhability yf any such were, and so to elect another; and
allso that they should not be sodainely unprovided theyI' necessaries
for the honour of the citie.
Death of the This yere, the 4th day of August, dyed the Bishopp of Rochester,c
R Bish h oP of which sOlnetYlne was a blacke fryer, and Calnc froln Bristowe,d and
oc ester,
which \\as one was Pryor of the Blacke Fryers in London, and was one of thell1
of the newe 1 r I f 1 . f S . d h 1
Recte. t lat was a great setter lort lOt Ie syncenty 0 cnpture, an ac
occupied preachinge Inost at Pawles Crosse of any bishopp, ànd in
all the seditious tYlüe, ,vhen any abuse should be shewed to the
people eyther of idolatrye or of the Bishop of R011le, he had the
doeynge therof by the Lord 'Ticegerentes e cOlllmaundement frOll1
the I\"inge, and allso had the adlnission of the preachers at Pawles
Crosse theise 3 yeares and Inore.
This yere, about the 20th daye of August, the Charterhouse of
Shene f was suppressed into the I\"inges handes, and the rnonkes
put out and chaunged to secular preiste
. The pryor had given hilll

Charterhouse
of Shene
suppressed.

Ii Relic SUllday in this year fell on July 13th.
\> John Feiry and Thomas Huntlow' were chosen sheriffs in 1539.
c The death of John II il
eJ, BisholJ of Uochester, is usually assigned to the
preceding Jear. d Bristol.
,. Thomas, I,ord Crumwell, Vicegerent in Ecclesiastical CausE's.
f The Carthusian Priory at Richmond, or 'Yest Sheen, in Surrey, fouuded by
Henry V. ill 1414, and ,'alued at the Dissolution at 693l.

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

105

duringe his life for his pen cion two hundred 111al'kes ycrely, and A.D. ]:')39.
every l110nke 61. 13s. 4d. duril1ge theyI' lives, and 'iOs. in Inony
to\vardes their apparrell, and the pryor gave every monke like\vise
40s. in mony anso at theyI' departingc, and the house ,vas given to
the Lord Beawchamp,a havinge to name " Sir Thon1as Level'," b
beinge allso Earle of Harford, brother of Quene J anCt last \vyfe C
to our Sovereigne Lord the l{inge.
This vere, on the day of the Kativitye of Our Lady,d Doctor Death oí the
John Stokesley, Bishop of London, departed this worlde, which

:
F. of
was the greatest divine that was counted in this reahne of England,
and an so counted for one of the famous clearkes in Christendon1e,
through whose great learninge and knowledge, with certeine other
of his sccte, and the great \visdolne of our sovereigne the I{inges
l\fajestie, the great heresies that were likely to have gro\vne in this
realme, lately sprunge up by certeinc seditious preachers, \vas at
this last Parlialnent ended, howebeyt he ,vas counted of that sect
to be a great papist in his hart. e
All
o the morrowe after the Nativitye of Our Lady the nonnery Clearkenwell
of Clearkenwell f ,vas suppressed into the l{inges handes, and the suppressed.
nonnes put out and chaunged to secular habittes; g and the sayd place
was given to the Duke of Norfolkc, but he chaunged ,vith the
Bishop of Exceter h for his place, and gave the bishopp this nonnerye.
a Edward SCJmour, Lrothcr of Queen June, was created Viscount Beauchamp, of
Hache, co. Somerset, June 5th, 1536, and Enrl of Hertford, October 18th, 1537.
b A clerical error for Edward Seymour. Our author would nppear to haye been
going to write Sir Thomas Audley, to whom the site of the Qharterhouse in London
was granted. ·
C Queen Jane Seymour died 24th October, 1.337. d SeptemLcr 8th.
e IIe was onc of the signatories to the famous protest of the bishops and clergy of
England against the authority of the Pope to call a general Council.-See State
1)np('r
, Henry VlII. yo1. i. part ii. p. 54
.
f The Benedictine nunnery, founded by .Muriel Brisset, occupied the site of St.
J aInes's church, in whieh Lad) Snckville, the last prioress, lies buried.
g The friars and nuns, though dismissed their eonvC'uts, were restrained from
nmrrying, ill ohservance of their vows.
h .John VOYRCY, alias Harman, of )Iagdalcn College, Oxíord, Dean of 'Yindsor,
was elected nishop of :Exetcr August 31
t, ] 519.
CA
ID. SOC. P

106

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 153U. The 14th day of September, beinge Holy Roode daye and
T f he bU B r
i h nge Sonday, the Right Honourable Father John Stokesley, late Bishopp
o the IS opp .
of London. of London, was honourably buryed at Pawles, afore the aulter In
Our Lady chappell, behinde St. Erkinwaldes shryne, the church
beinge hanged with black from the west doore up to the high
auIter; and in the quyre afore the sayd aulter was a goodly hearse
Jnade of waxe and hanged with black, with scutcheons of his armes.
First came from his pallace to the church a crosse of everie parish
church of his diocesse within the cittie of London, which was above
threescore in number, then all the clarkes of everie churche with
certaine preistes in their sirplises, then followed above fo\ver scoree
pl'iestes, in copes, of the said parishes, then the crosse of Poules,
with all the quire in their blacke copes of cloath, then the Suffragan
of London a and the Bishopp of Bangor in their pontificalibus, and
then the corps with fower banners borne about it, and t,ventie sta:ffe
torches borne by his servantes, and thirtie other torches borne by poore
tnen, the mourners followinge them, then the major and aldermen
of the cittie of London in blacke, and so had dirrige, and after
soleJnply buried by nite in the said chappell of Our Ladie; and the
lTIorrOWe after, at seaven of the clocke in the morning, ther was a
solempne masse of Our Ladie songe in the said chappell of Our
Lady, after the manner of a feast, for his soule; that donne,
another masse cf the Holy Ghost was songe at the highe aulter by
the Suffragan of London in his pontificalibus, and after that, masse
of requiem, song by the Bishopp of Bangor in his pontificalibus,
the which bishopp had to name Doctor Birde, sometyme Prior of
the \Vhite Friors in London; b the ofE'ing donne, their was a
sermon made afore his herse by Doctor Hodgkin, Suffragan of
London, he having to his anteptume C of the PsahTIes in David this
verse, " Convertere Domine anilTIam meam in requielTI tuam quia

a Dr. Hodgkin.
b John Bird, the last Provincial of the Carmelites in England, was elected to the
!See: of Bangor, 24th July, 1339.
" Antiphony.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

107

Dominus benefecit tibi," upon the which verse he declared the A.D. 1539.
godJie endinge of this said reverend father, with the tow talentes of
science and authoritie that the said reverent father had, and the
great studie and stedL:l,stnes that he had taken and contynued in all
the scysme and division tYIne, and the upholdinge of the f:1acramentes
and holie ceremonies of the church, ever lnore contynued since the
Apostles tyme, which he had alwaies holden with by his great
knowledge of learninge; and also he shewed how he [the late
Bishop] receaved the sacralnent of the aulter with so great reverence,
and making a longe oration before of the said sacrament, which
lnade all that 'were present to have weepinge eies at the same,
insornuch that the I{:ïnges l\lajestie had hiln in reputation, and his
judgment, for the great knowledge that he had in learninge, above
all the cleargie of this reahne; and his Graces l\Iajestie a commanded
that he should be thus honorablie buried because of his famous
name and learninge, to the ensample of all other prelates following
his example, and principallie to the great laude, honor, and praise
of A1rnightie God, that had en de wed him with such giftes of
knowledge and learning by his Holie Spiritt, so that he shall ever
more remaine in men10rie in this world to the last end therof.
This yeare, the morrowe after Sainct Edwardes daie,b King and Haliwell
Confessor, the nounrie of Haliwell, by Shordych in London, was suppressed.
suppressed into the Kinges bandes, with all the landes and goodes,
and the nounes changed to secular ha bett.
This yeare, in October, died in the U niversitie of Parris, in
France, a great doctor, 'which said their ,vas no God, and had
bene of that opinion synce he was twentie yeares old, and ,vas
above fow
rscore yeaTes olde when he died, anti all that tyme had
kept his error secrett, and was estea.med for one of the greatest
clarkes in all the U niversitie of Parris, and his sentence 'was taken
and holden alTIong the said studentes as firme as scripture, which
8hewed, when he ,vas asked why he had not shewed his opinion
till his death, he answered that for feare of death he durst not, but

It Henry VIII. assumed the style of ":Majesty" in 1527.

b October 14th.

108

'VRIOTHESI.JEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. 'when he knew that he should die he said their was no lief to C0111e
after this lief, and so died miserably to his great dmnnation.
Sain
::\larie Also this yeare, in Octobre, the priories of Sainct l\Iarie Overis,

:i

:
:
tho- in Soutlnvarke, and Sainct Bartholomewcs, in Sn1Íthfield, ,vas
lomewes suppressed into the I{inges handes, and the channons putt out,
suppresseJ. .
. and changed to seculer pnestes, and all the Ian des and goodcs
[e
cheated] a to the l{inges use.
Abbottes and Also divers abbottes and Inonkes \vere putt in the To,ver for
monkes sent to I Abb f Gl b . R d . C I I b d
the Tower. treason, as tIe otts 0 asten une, "e lng, 0 C lester, an
various other.

Barking in
Essex
suppressed.

Bnrv
suppressed.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 31.
'
rhis yeare, the 14th daie of November, the Abbay of Barking,
in Essex, was suppressed into the Kinges handes, \vith all the
goodes and landes, C and the nunns putt out and changed to secular
habett, and the howse with the demeanes \vas geaven to Sir
Thomas Denis, knight, of Devinshire, and to his heires for eaveI',
which Sir Thomas Denis hath to wife Iny ladie
Iurffen, some tynle
wief to 1\11'. l\1urfen, late l\Iajor of London,d and daughter to
Ir.
Angell Dunne, and sOlnetil11e l\Irs. to A1is my \vife that no\v is.
Also this moneth the Abbey of Burie, in Suffolke, was suppressed,
and the monkes putt out and changed to secular priestes, and all
the goodes and Ian des [confiscated] to the l{inges use. e

a Omitted in J\IS. According to a valuation in Speed's Catalogue of Religious
Houses (see Collier, Appendix, p. 34), sixteen mitred abbots had revenues above
1,00(,Z. per annum. St. Peter's, Westminster, was the richest, being valued at
3,9771., Glastonbury second at 3,5081., and St. Alban's third at 2,5101.
b These three Abbots, having distinguished themselves by their pertinacious
refusal to surrender their monasteries, were singled out as an example to others, and
means were soon found to convict them of treason.
c The revenues of Barking Abbey at the Dissolution amounted to 1,084Z. It was
founded in A.D. 677 by St. Erconwald, Bishop of London, and his sister Ethclburga
became its first abbess; many of her successors were noble, and even some royal
ladies, who, by reason of their office, enjoyed the style and dignity of baronesses.
d Thomas l\Iirfin was Lord l\Iayor in HaS.
e The revenues of St. Edmund's Abbey at Bury at the Dissolution amounted to
2,337Z.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

109

The 25th daie of Novenlber the howse of Sion was suppressed A.D. 153
-40.
into the K_inges handes, and the ladies and brethren putt out, The house of
] . 1 1 h f 1 .. h . E 1 d Sion sup-
'v HC 1 ,vas t 1e vertues a O\VSe 0 re 19lon t at was In ng an , pressed.
the landes and goo des to the Kinges use.
Also in this moneth the Abbottes of Glastenburie, Riding,b and
Colchester were arraygned in the Counter, and after drawen, hanged,
and quartered for treason.
This yeare, on Sainct Johns daie. c in Christmas ,veeke, and The comminge
bcinge Saterdaie, Ladie Anne, daughter to the Duke of Cleve,d in
n

l,eene
Germanie, landed at Dover,e at five of the clocke at night, and daughter to
.
D

then was honorably receaved by the Duke of Suffolke and other Cleve, in Ger-
g reat lordes, and so lod g ed in the Castell; and the 1\Ioundaie m h
nie, i l nto f
t IS rea me 0
followinge she rode to Canterburie, wheare she was honorablie England.
receaved by the Archbishopp of Canterbury and other great men,
and lodged at the J{inges pallace at Sainct A wstens/ and their
highlie feasted; one Twesdaie she came to Sittingborne; on N ewe
Yeares eaven the Duke of N orfolke, with other knightes and the
barons of the Exchequer, receaved her Grace on the heath, to,v
n1iles beyond Rochester, and so brought her to the Abbay of
Rochester, where she taried that night and Kewe Yeares daie all [A.D. 1540.1
daie; and on N e\v Year's daie at afternoune the J{inges Grace,
with five of his Privie Chalnber, being disguysed with clookes of
marble g ,vith hoodes, that they should not be kno,ven, came privelie
to Roc'hester, and so ,vent upp into the chamber \vhere the said
Ladie Anne looked out at a wyndowe to see the bull beating that
,vas theat tyme in the court, and sodenlie he embraced her and

a Virtuest, i.e. most virtuous.
b Clerical error for Reading.
c December 27th.
d John Duke of Cleves was a prince of the Protestant ConfedClficy.
e Dcal, according to other authorities.
f St. Augustine's Abbey, near Canterbury, which was surrenùered into the King'::;
hands in 1538, and turned into a royal palace.
g Veineci like marble. Grafton describes them as "n II apparelled in marble
('oats. "

110

WRIOTHESI
EY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. kissed, and shewed her a token that the King had sent her for her
Newe Yeares gift, and she being abashed, not knowing who it
was
thanked him, and so he commoned with her; but she regarded
hin1 little, but alwaies looked out of the wyndow on the bull
beatinge, and when the J{ing perceaved she regarded his comming
so little, he departed into [anJother chatnber and putt of his eloke
and can1e in againe in a cote of purple velvett; and when the lordes
and knightes did see his Grace they did him reverence; and then
she, perceiving the lordes doeing their dewties, hum bled her Grace
lowlie to the l{inges l\laje8tie, and his Grace saluted her againe,
and so talked togeether lovinglie, a and after tooke her by the hand
and leed her into another cham bel', where they solaced their gra{
es
that night and till Fridaie at afternoune; and then his Grace tooke
his leave and departed thence to Gravesend, and their tooke his
barge, and so went to Greenewych that night, and she rode to
Dartford that night and lodged their till the lnorrowe; and
on Satterdaie shee tooke her jorney towardes Greene\vych, ,vhere,
at the foote of Shooters Hill, their was a pavilion sett upp
for her Grace, where mett her the Earle of Rutland,b being
Lord Chamberlaine to her Grace, with the Ladie Duglas, c the
Dutches[esJ of Richmond and of Suffolke, \vith divers other
ladies and gentlewomen that were apoynted for dailie ,vaiters on
her Grace in the court, with also all her Graces servantes and
yeomen; and their she lighted and changed her apparell, and putt

a This account differs very considerably from that generally received. Hume
says, " The l{ing, impatient to be satisfied with regard to the person of his bride,
came privately to Rochester, and got a sight of her. He found bel' big, indeed, and
tall as he could wish, but utterly devoid both of beauty and grace, yery unIike tbe
pictures and representations wbicb he haù received. He swore she was a great
Flanders mare, and declared that he never could possibly bear her any affection.
The matter was worse when he found that she could speak no language but Dutch,
of which he was entirely ignorant, and that the charms of her conversation were not
likely to compensate for the hOillt:liness of her person."
b Thomas Manners, Lord Roos, created Earl of Rutland 18th June, 1525, K.G.
C .Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, and lVlargaret
Queen Dowager of Scots, and therefore niE'l'e of Henry VIII.

'VRIOTHESLEY'::; CHRONICLE.

III

on a rich gowne of cloth of gould, and so lighted on her horse A.D. 1540.
againe, and rode a soft pace towardes Greenewych; and about a
mile and more from Greenewych, on the Blacke Heath, the J{inges
.l\lajestie mett with her Grace, richlie apparayled in a cote of cloath
of goulde, with all his lordes and knightes, and, after salutation
donne betweene them, the I{inges Grace and she rode softlie
towardes Greenwych, all the waie from thence sett on both sides
with gentlenlen in cotes of velvett and great chaynes about their
ncckes, the l\iajor of London a riding in a cote of crymison velvett
and a rych collar of goulde about his necke, afore the I{inges
l\Iajestie; and all the aldermen, with the counsell of the cittie and
six score of the citizins, all in cotes of blacke velvett with chaines
of gould about their neckes, stoode alonge by the parke side whereas
she should passe by, a.nd twentie fower Inerchantes of the Stiliard
in cotes of velvett with chaines, above five hundred persons, and
above tow thousand horse of their servantes in new lyveries, and
also all the craftes in London laie in barges in the Thalnes afore
Greenewych, their barges being well trymmed \vith banners and
targattes, .w"ith divers melodie of instrumentes, \vith also tow
batchlers barges rychlie hanged with cloth of gould of the craft of
the
Iarcers,b which was a goodlie sight; and so she came to
Greenewych that night and [was] receaved as Queene; and the
morrowe, being Soundaie,c the J{inges Grace kept a great court at
Greenewych, \vhere his. Grace \vith the Queene o:ffred at Inasse,
richlie apparayled; and on Twelfe daie, which was Twesdaie, the
J{inges l\lajestie was maried to the said Queene Anne, solelnply, in
her closett at Greenewych, and his Grace and shee ,yen t a pro-
cession openlie that daie, she being in her haire, with a rytch
cronett of stones and pearle sett ,vith rosemarie on her Graces
heade, and a gowne of rich cloath of silver, and richlie bchanged
with stonne and pearle, with all her ladies and gentlewomen follo\v-
ing her Grace, which was a goodlie sight to behold.
a Sir William Holles.
t! The Mercers' Company.

c January 4th.

112

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yeare the l{inge Inade many yong gentlelnen speres,8. and
gave them 5l. ù a peece out of the Court of Augn1entation for their
Iyvinge.
This yeare also all the religious howses in England were sup-
pressed into the l{inges handes, saving certaine churches \vhich were
bishopps seas, which changed their habettes to secular priestes, and
were Inade channons like Powles quire in London, so that their is
no\v but one order in the cleargies through this reahne.
This yeare the fo\verth daie of Februarie the Iring and the
Queene relTIoved fron1 Greenewych to \Vestminster by ,vater: c first,
his Graces [household] going in barges afore his l\Iajestie; then
his Grace going in his barge and his gard follo\ving in another
barge; then the Queene in her barg and her ladies followinge in
another barge, and then her howsehold servantes; then the 1\Iajor
and Aldennen of London in a barge and tenne of the cheiffe craftes
of the citie following the major in their barges, which 'were an
rychlie hanged with schuchions and targattes and banners of the
cognisans of everie occupation, the
larcers barge hanged rychlie
with cloath of gold; and from Greenewych to the To\vre all the
shipps which laie in the Thames shott gonnes as the J{inge and
Queene passed by theine And when they caIne against the Tower
their was shott vvithin the Tower above a thousand chan1bers of
ordinance, which Inade a noyse like thunder; and that donne
they passed through London Bridge to 'Vestminster,d the major
and all the craftes follo\ving till they see their Graces on land,
which was the first comming of the Queenes Grace to ,,\r estn1Ínster
synce her Graces comlning into Englande.

a Fifty gentlemen, called Pensioners or Spears, were appointed in Deceml)cr, IG3a,
to wait on the King'" Highness.-HalI, cd. Ellis, p. 832.
b Substituted in l\1:S. for 8l.
C The circumstance of Queen Anne not making her public entry into the City,
but going to 'Vestminster by water, has been adduced as evidence of the King's
little regard for her.
d At this time the river Thames was so destitute of fresh water, by reason of an
excessiyc drought, that the salt water flowed above London Bridge.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

113

This yeare also, after Chri
tmas, the priorie of Sainct J\Iarie A.D. 1õ40.
Overis a in Sothwarke ,vas made a parish church, and the litle church The Priorye of
f ' I . ' f d] b" 1 . . d 11 ' St. :Marie
o .1\ ane 1\ a w ey Joynlng to t 1e f;ame prlone was nla e a In one Overi
made a
church, and Sainct J\Iargarettes in Sowtlnvarke was adlnitted to the parishchurche.
same parish. And on Candlemas Eaven, to joyne the saIne parishes
togeether, the sacrament of the alter was solelnpley brought in rich
copes with torches brenning from Sainct J\Iargarettes church to
the said church of Saínct l\1arie Overisse; the which church the
inhabitantes of the
aid church boro,vghe had bought of the I{ing
with the bells of the saIne, to their great charges, which now is the
largest and fairest church about London; c the good Bishop of
'Yynchester, now being called Doctor Steephens,d putting toe his
helping haud to the redeeming of the same.
Al
o this yeare in Lent the Bishopp of 'V ynchester and Doctor
vVilson e preached the sermons afore the ICinge at the Court, Doctor
\Vilson on the \Yednesc1aies and the Bishopp on the Fridaies, which
sett fourth ,yell in the said serrnons the good order of the Church by
the sinceritie of Godes warde.
Also the 12th daie of J\larch, which was the Fridaie afore Passion Sodaine de'tth
Sondaie/ this ycare [1540J, the Earle of Essex g riding a yong horse E Of , th
Erie of
.ssex.
by Inisfortune cast him and brake his necke at his place in Essex,
which ,vas great pittie.
This yeare also, the 19th daie of 1Iarch, the good Earle of Oxford h
died at his mannoI' in Essex, which Earle ,vas IIigh Cham berlaine
of Englanr1e.

n St. :l\Iary Overy.
b St. l\Iary Magdalen.
e This church was begun in 1208 a
part of St. l\Iary Overy's priory, founded by
William Giffard, Bishop of 'Vinche
ter.
Ù A synonym for Stephen Gardyner, LL.D. elected Bishop of 'Vinche
ter in
1331.
e Rector of St. :Martill's Outwich, in Rishopsgate Street.
f The fifth Sunday in Lent, which thi::; year fell on the 14th l\farch.
g Henry Rourcbier, whose death is correetly assigned to the year 1340.
h 8ir John de V ere, fifteenth Earl of Oxford, K.G.
CA.:\l D. soc. Q

114

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yeare also the three daies in E9.ster ,veeke preached at St.
Recanting of l\Iarie Spittell, JherOlTIe a vicar of Stepney, Doctor Barnes, and
Doctor Barnes .
and others, and Garrett b parson of Hony Lane, wInch three parsons were of the
af
t er d com- h newe sect, and recanted in their said sermons divers erronious
ml te to t e
Tower. opinions that they had preached contrarie to the Scripture by the
I\.:inges comlTIandment; howbeit Garrett recanted nothing. And
also Doctor Barnes openlie after his sermon praior asked the
Bishopp of 'V ynchester, then being present, forgivenes for a sermon
that he had preached against him on l\Iid-Lent Sondaie last past, of
his owne mynde and not by no compulsion nor commandiTIen t of
the I\:inge: N evcrtheles they not doing the I\:inges commandment
so syncerelie according to the truth as his l\IDjestie commanded
them, the I{inges l\Iajestie being enforiTIed of their sermons, and
after that they were examyned and called before the ICinges
l\lajestie for their offences, were cornmitted to the Towre of London
the Saterdaie following by the ICinges owne cOiTImandment.
Also on Lo,v Soundaie C following the person of St. l\lartin's, at
the ,yell of tow buckettes in Bishopsgate Street, called Doctor
'Vilson, preached at Poules Crosse, and their in a shorte some[ryJ
rehersed the fower sermons according to the old custome of this
cittie, and their by the ICinges cOiTImandment read their submission
of their recanting of their owne handes wry tinge. And after that
opened some of their articles that they had colowred by false ex-
position in their said sennons contrarie to Scripture and the ICinges
commandement. And also gave the a,vdience straight ITIonition by
the ICinges o,vne COiTImandrnent to take heede and beware of hens-
forth such seditious doctrine on paine of punislllTIent therof, as his
l\Iajestie is bound to òoe on transgressions by Godes ,vorde, and
declaring the hundredth psahne of the prophett David, which
beginneth thus: " l\1isericordialTI et judiciu111 cantabo tibi DOlnine."
This yeare, the ninth daie of A prill, being Fridaie, one Turkes

" William Jerome.
c 1th.A }Jril.

b Thoma
Garrard.

"rlU OTHESLEY'S CIIRON ICLE.

115

,vi fe, a fishmonger, dwelling at the Redd Lyon against Sainct [A.D. 1540.]
l\lagnus church,a slewe herself with a knife.
Allso, this tenth daie of Aprill, tow priestes were hanged and Tow priestes hanged
quartere(l at Callis for treason, which after they were hanged and at Callice.
cutt downe arose and stoode on their feete and helped the hangman
to putt of their cloathes, and so livinge ,vere laide on a borde, fast
bounde, and then dismembred, their bowells brent afore theIn, and
spake al","'aies till their harts were pulled out of their bodies, ,vhich
was a piteous death.
Also, the 11 th daie of Aprill, being Soundaie, preached at Po,vles
Crosse the Bishopp of 'V ynchester, and in the sennon tYlne was a
fraye, made betwene three or fower serving lnen, in the said church
yearde, and SOlne hurt, to the great disturbance of the said sermon.
The t,velfe daie of Aprill a priest honge himselfe in the Bishopp
of \V ynchester's place, at the Clincke, which priest was of the new
sect, and their in the prisoners warde was put in the bishopps
howse to have bene examyned by the bishopp.
The 18th b daie of Aprill, Sir Tl10lnas Crumwell, Lord Crulnwell,
and Lord Privie Seale, was created Earl of Es
ex in the ICinges
pallace at \Vestminstree, and also was lllade High Cham berlaine of
Englande.
This yeare, the Inorrow after Sainct Georges daie, my lord and [Anno Reg. 32.]
Inaster Lorde A,vdeley, and Chauncelor of Englande. and Sir
Anthonie Browne, l\iaster of the Horse to the ICing-e, .were Inade
knightes of the garter at \VestIninstree.
This yeare, in Aprill, my eosin 1\11'. Tholnas \Vriosley C was made
the ICinges Secretarie, and 1\11'. Sadler,d of the Privie Chamber,
jOYlled with hiln, anJ were booth made knightes also.

a St. :l\Iagnus the Martyr, Lower Thames-street, near London Bridge.
b The 17th, according to other authorities.
C Thomas Wriothesley, afterwards Lord Wriotheslej and Earl of Southampton,
at this period held the post of private secretary to Crumwell.
d Sir Ralph Saùleyr, who in the reign of Elizabeth was appointed to take charge
o f
:1ary Queen of Scots.

116

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRO!\ICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yea1'e, in Easter tenne, 1\11'. Ha1'e,a Speaker of the Perliall1ent,
1\11'. Browne, Serjeant of the Law for the 1\:inge, 1\11'. Conisbie and
Gray, for an offence that they had donne against the ICinges
1\lajestie, and the prerogative royall, and towching his emperiall
crowne, concerning a Statute of Uses in Primal' Season, lnade in
the 27th yeare of his Highnes raigne, in geving their councell to
one Sir John Shelton, knight of N orfolke, latelie departed, in
declaration of his will, as in the Starre Chamber before the I{inges
most honorable Councell it was approved, contrarie to the said
statute, for their offence had suffred ilnprisonmellt in the Tower
of London, and after sett at large; and no,v this teal'me, the said
parties humbly sublnitting themselves to the I{inges 1\lajestie, and
knowledging their offences, ,vere pardoned by the ICinge, and 1\11'.
IIare, Speaker of the Perlianlent, was admitted to the said rOll1e
againe, which was discharged therof for the said offence at his
inlprisonll1ente, and 1\11'. Browne, Serjeant, the 28th daie of Aprill,
this same terme, was called before the ICinges Counsell in the Starre
Chamber, and their hUlnbly submitting hilnself to the ICinges
mercie, knowledging his offence to be so great against the Kinges
1\iajestie and imperiall crowne, did not onelie submitt goodes and
landes by his owne Inouth into the ICinges handes, but also his
bodie to perpetuall prison, ye and also thincking if he had much
Inore substance then goodes and landes, thought not sufficient for
his parte to pacific the I{inges terror in his said act, but had rather
lose all his goodes and substance and lief then not having the
ICinges favour and pardon, for this 10w1ie sublnission ,vas taken
to his Graces mercy, and was sett by the ICinges Counsell to paie
for a fine to the ICinge for his offence, that it nlÎght be an ensmnple
to all other heareafter, and by the said Counsell agreed at the saIne
tYlne for his said fine a thousand pound sterling.
This yeare, on l\laie daie, their was a great triumphe of justing
at the ICinges place at ,V estn1Înster, which said justes had bene
proclaYlned in Fraunce, Flanders, Scotland, and Spaine,. for all
R f'ir Nicholas Hare.

"'lUOTHESLE Y'S CHRONICLE.

117

comlners that \vill come against the chalenges of England, which A.D. 1540.
,vere Sir John Dudley, knight, Sir Thomas Seymor, knight, Sir
Thomas Poyninges, knight, Sir George Caro\v, knight, Anthony A
great just-
I\:ingston, es q uier. and Richard Crumwell,a esquier, which said inp a t t 'Vest-
, nUllS er.
chalengers caIne into the listes that daie rytchlie apparayled and
their horses trapped, all in white velvett, with certaine knightes
and gentlemen riding afore them apparayled all in white velvett
and white sarcenett, and all their servantes in white sarcenet dobletts
and hosin, after the Burgonion fashion; and their caIne in to just
against then1 the said l\laie daie of defendantes, 46, the Earle of
Surrey being the furmost, Lord 'Vil1ialn Haywarde,b Lord Clinton, C
and Lord CrulTIwell,d sonne and heire of Tholnas Cnullwell, Ea
le of
Essex, and Chanl berlaine of Englande, \vith other, which 'were [all] e
rytchlie apparayled; and that daie Sir John Dudley was overthrowen
in the fÌelde by rnischance of his horse by on'e 1\11'. Breme defendant;
nevertheles, he brake lnany speares valiantlie after that; and after the
said justes \vere donne the said chalengers rode to Durhalll Place,!
where they kept open howseholde, which said place was richlie be-
hanged, and great cubbordes of plate, where they feasted the ICinges
1\Iajestie, the Queenes Grace and her ladies, with all the court, and for
all other COlnlners that \vould resort to thejr said place, ,vhere they
had all delicious Ineates and drjnckes so plenteouslie as might be,
and such Inelodie of minstrelsey, and were served everie Ineale with
their owne servantes after the Jnanner of warr, their drulne warning
all the offiLers of householde against everie Ineale \vhich \vas donne,
to the great honor of this realme.
The second daie of
laie, 1\11'. Anthony ICingston and Richard
CrUJll well were 111ade knightes at their said place.

R Richard 1Villiams, nephew of Sir Thomas Crumwell, Earl of Essex, assumed the
name of CrumweU.
b Lord 'Villiam Howard, SOIl of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk.
c Fdward Lord ('linton, afterwards Earl of Lincoln.
d Gregory Lord Crumwell.
C Supplied from Stow, who quote
this paragraph verbatim.
f In the Strand, 'Vestminster.

A.D. 1540.

Sainct Johns
suppressed.

118

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHUONICI..E.

The third daie of I\Iaie, the said chalengers did turney on horse-
backe with swordes, and against them carne that daie nyne and
thirtie a defendantes, Sir John Dudley and the Earle of Surrey
runing first, ,vhich at the first course lost booth their gauntlettes,
and that daie their Sir Richard Crulnwell overthrewe l\Ir. Pahner
in the field of his horse, to the great honor of the said chalengers.
Also the third daie of l\laie were three persons brent without
Sainct Georges Barre in So,vthwark in the high waie ahnost at
N ewington for hcresie against the sacran1ent of the auIter; one was
a groon1e to the Queene nalned l\Iaundevild, a French man borne,
another an paynter, an Italian, and an Englislunan.
The fifth daie of l\Iaie the said chalengers fought on foote at the
barriers, and against theln came thirtie defendantes, which fought
valiantlie, but Sir Ricl!ard Crulnwell overthre\ve that daie at the
said barriars 1\11'. Culpepper b in the field. .....\.nd the sixth daie of
J\laie, being Assention Daie, the said chalengers brake upp their
howsehoulde, which had contynued ever synce the first daie of
l\faie for all commers th!1t \voulde resort thither, so that no person
was denied to COIne in of any honestie, and their had Ineate and
drincke at any tYlne ,vhen they \vould aske itt, which ,vas so well
donne that the renoune was spread throwe divers rpalmes, to the
great honor of this realme of England.
The seventh daie of l\Iaie the Lorde of Sainct Johns C without
Smythfielde d died, and the I\:ing tooke all the landes that
belonged to that order e into his handes to the augn1entation of his

a Twenty-nine in Stow.
b Thomas Culpepper, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.
C Sir 'Villiam Weston, knt. Lord Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, who, by virtue
of his office, ranked as first baron of the kingdom.
d The House or Hospital of St. John of Jerusalcm stood a little south-east of
Clerkenwell Priory, without Smit1:field.
e At the surrender of religious houses the Knights Hospitallcrs exerted their
influence in defence of the Papal authority, and obstinately refused to yield up their
revenues to the King, who was obliged to have recourse to Parliamcnt for the
dissolution of this order.

'VRIOTllESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

119

crowne, a and gave unto everie of the chalengers above written for a A.D. 1540.
reward for their valiantnes above an hundred marke and a howse
to dwell on, of yearlie revenues out of the said landes for eaveI'.
This yeare the cight daie of l\laie 1\11'. Richard Farmar, grocer, of
London, a man of great londes and substance, was arraigned in the
I\:inges Bench at "r estmester for Inisprisonlnente of certaine sedi-
tious wordes spoken by hiln against the I\:inges l\Iajestie; b wherfore
he was that daie condempned to perpetuall prison and all his Ian des
and goodes forfett to the I\:ing,c which was great pitie that he used
himself so, for he was a gentle per
on and ,velbeloved in the cittie,
and had kept a great howse in the cittie, and had lnarried his children
to great mariages.d
This yeare on St. Peeters Even e the Sergeantes Feast ,vas kept Sergeantes
at Sainct Johns in Smithfielde, Sir Richard Crum\vell being stuarde feast.
of the feast and 1\11'. 'Veld controwler.
This yeare the 7th daie of Julie one Collins was brent ,vithout
Sainct Georges Barres in Southwarke for heresie against the sacra-
ment of the aulter, but at his death he confessed his error and died
verie penitentlie.
This yeare in the beginning of Julie, 1540, the ICing was
divorced from his wife Queene Anne,! daughter to the Duke of
Cleve, because she ,vas contracted to a Duke in her conntrey g before
she came into England, and Sir Thomas Crurnwell, Earle of Essex,
had kept it secrett from the I\:inge, which \vas great pitie that EO

II The revenues of this rich foundation amounted, at the time of its suppression, to
no less than 3,38.3l. 198. 8d. per annum.-Stow, Survey of London.
b Richard Farmer was arraigned and attainted for denying the King's supremacy.
-Stow. c "Queene King" in 1\IS.
d And his wife and children thrust out of doors.-Stow. e June 28th.
f On the 6th of July certain Lords came down into the Nether House of Parlia-
ment, and expressly declared causes for which the marriage of Anne of Cleves was
not to be taken lawful; and, in conclusion, the matter was by the Convocation
clearly determined that the IGng might lawfully marry where he would, and so
might she.-Stow.
g It was conveniently ùi::;covered that there had heen a former contract of marriage
hetween Anne and the ::;on of tbe Duke of Lorraine.

120

'VRIOTIIERLEY'S CHRO
ICI
E.

Thomas Erle
of Essex
beheaded,
named
Crum well.

A.D. 1540. good a ladie as she is should so sone [have] lost her great joy; never-
thcles the I\:ing hath geaven her fower thousande poundes by yeare
,vith fower goodlie manners in Englande to kecpe her estate during
her lief, and she is purposed to remaine still in this lande. a
Also this yeare in Julie, in Champaine, a countrey of the French
I\:inges dominion, it rayned bloude b seaven howres long by the
('loc.ke, which was a very sight to see.
This yeare, the 28th daie of J uEe, Sir Thomas Crulnwell, Earle
of Essex, ,vas beheaded at the Tower Hill, and "T alter Lord
Hungerforde C ,vas beheaded with hiln, also for treason of boggery,d
their heades sett on London Bridge, and their bodies were buried
within the Tower of London; they were condemned by the .whole
bodie of this last Perliatnent,e Tholnas Croln,vell for heresie, treason,
and fellonie, and extortion}
Barnes, This yeare, the thirtith daie of Julie, 1540,g were draw en from
J G herom d e' b and the Tower of London into Smythfield theise P ersons following-e,
arrar rent. U
that is to saie: Doctor Barnes,h l{ichard Fetherston, 'Villiam Jerome,

a It was enacted by Parliament that she f:hould be taken no more for Queen, but
caned tne Lt:tdy Anne of Cleves.-Stow.
b The phenomena of red rain and blood-coloured snow are not unfreq uent, and
are attributable in some instances to chemical or volcanic action, and in others to the
excrement of a passing cloud of insects.
c Son of Sir Edward Hungerford, was summoned to Parliament as "'Yalter
Hungerford de Heytesbury, Chev." in 1.336, but never afterwards.
d Lord Hungerford at the hour of his death seemed so unquiet that many judged
him rather frenzied than otherwise; he suffered, as it was said, for buggery.-Stow.
e The unanimity of Parliament is attested by the entries on tbe Journals, " Hodie
(June 19) lecta est pro secundo et tertio, villa attinctnræ Thomæ Comitis Essex, et
communi omnium procerum tunc præsentium concessu, nemine discrepante, expedita
est.
'
f The summary process of an attainder without a trial, which Crumwell had first
devised against the aged Countess of Salisbury, was resorted to against himself.
He was declared by his peers a manifold traitor and detestable heretic, but his real
crime was having urged his royal master, as a means of advancing his grand
Protestant scheme, to solicit the hand of Anne of Cleves.
g The King's councils being at this time directed by Norfolk and Gardiner, the
law of the Six Articles was enforced with rigour against tbe Protestants.
h Robert Barnes, D.D. who bad been the cause of Lambert's execution. He bad

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

121

Vicar of Stepney, Doctor Ed \Yard Powell, Tholnas J errard, Parson A.D. 1540.
of Roni Lane, and Tholnas Abell,a pricstes, of which three of them,
that is to say, Barnes, Jherorne, and Garrarde, were brent for
heresie, b condemned by the whole bodie of the Perliament,c and
Fetherston, Powell, and Abell were hanged, their bo\vells brenned,
headed and quartered, in the said place of Slnythfield, for treason
against the JCinges l\lajestie,d and condemned of the same by the
whole Perliament.
This yeare, the fo\verth daie of A.wgust, were drawen froin the
Tower of London to Tiburne, Giles Heron, gentle In an, Clelnent
Philpott, gentlelnan, late of Callis, and servant to the Lord Lile,e
Darbie Gynning, Edrnonde Bryndholme, priest, vVilliam Horn,
late a lay brother of the Charter Howse of London, and another,r .
,vith six persons more, \vere there hanged drawen, and quartered,
and one Charles Carow, gentleman, was that daie hanged for robbing
of my Ladie Carowe, all which persons were attaynted by the whole
Parliament for treason.
This yeare, the eight daie of A wgust, being Sondaie, the J\:ing
was maried to JCatherin Hawarde, daughter of the late Edmond

drawn upon himself the resentment of Bishop Gardiner by his sermon at Paul's
Cross, in which he had bitterly inveighed against that prelate as a bigoted Roman
Catholic.
n Thomas Abley in Fuller's Church History.
b A stranger, standing by, did wonder, as ,yen he might, of what religion the
King was, his sword cutting on both sides, Protestants being burnt for heretics, and
I>apists hanged for traitors.-Fuller's Church History, p. 235.
C They were condemned by a bill of attainder in parliament, without trial.
d For denying the King's supremacy, and affirming his marriage with Queen
Katharine to be good, of the which argument Dr. Po"eIl wrote a book, printed in
quarto, and I have seen it.-Stow.
e Arthur Plantngenet, Viscount Lisle, was Deputy of Calais from 1533 to 1340,
when he was recalled, and died a prisoner in the Tower 1342.
f These names differ considerably from those given in Stow, viz. Giles Horne,
gentleman, Clement Phillip, gentleman, of Calais, and servant to the Lord Lble,
Darby Gening, Edmond Bromholme, priest, chaplain to the Lord Li
le, 'Villimn
Horne, Laurence Cooke, rrior of Doncaster, awl Robert Bird.

CA1\JD. SOC.

R

122

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. Haward a deceased, and brother to the Duke of N or folk e,b at his
Inannor of Hampton Court, and that daie she dined in her great
chalnber under the cloath of estate, and was their proclaY-lned
Queene of Englande.
Also this yeare at the last Perlianlent, which was dissolved in
Julie last past, was granted to the l{ing.4 xv thes and to\V subsidies
of 12d. the :t of landes and goodes, and 28. the ;ß for strangers,
and for lTIoveables six pence the :t, and strangers I2d.; to be paid
the xv thes in fower yeares next ynlediatlie ensewinge, and the
subsedie in tow yeares next ensuing this Perliamente, the I\:ing to
take the best Ian des in Inoveables; also the spiritualtie hath granted
a dislTIe C of 48. the pound, to be paide in tow yea res ymediat]ie
after this Perlia1nent.
This yeare, on the eaven of the Nativitie of Our Ladie,d was
taken in the Thames about Dartforde by Greenewych, dolphines,
tow females and one male, which said females had followed the
male out of the sea, and were first spied about Erith, and so followed
by fishermen \vith nettes, and were taken all together.
Also the 11th daie of Septenl ber was hanged in the l\Iorefield
before Betchlem Bridge e a stranger, named Jalnes Rynacyacy/ a
Florentine borne, which said James had slaine one Capon, a
Florentine borne, in a garden at Bethleln, on Bartholome\v evin last
påst, very wilfullie, and had stabbed hill) in divers partes of his bodic
with a dagger) having one wounde in his backe of six inches deepe.

a By Joyce, daughter of Sir Richard Culpepper, knt. She was also cousin to
Anne Boleyn, but of very different character and persuasion, being a zealous
partisan of the Church of Rome, and wholly under the guidance of her bigoted unde
the Duke of Norfolk.
b Lord Edmund Hùward was son of Thomas second Duke of Norfolk, and brother
to Thomas third Duke.
c Tithe or tax.
d September 7th.
C Bethlehem Hospital originally stood on the east side of that part of the mere or
moor afterwards known as .l\Ioorfields, from which it was divided by a large and
deep ditch, over which was a briùge.
f Stow calls him" Rinatian."

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

123

This yeare was a hott somtner and drie, so that no raine fell A.D.] 540-1
from June till eight daieR after l\Iichaelmas, so that in divers partes
of this realme the people caried their cattle six or seven miles to
watter them, and also much cattle died; and also their rayned strang
sicknes alnong the people in this realme, as laskes a and hott agues,
and also pestilence, wherof many people died; wherfore the I{inges
1\lajestie sent out cotntnissions through this realtne to everie par-
[ticularJ bishopp to exhort the people to fall to prayer nnd to go
in procession in everie parish in the hole realtne; and also Iny Lord
1\Iayer and the Bishopp of London caused gene raIl procession to be
once in the ,veeke through the cittie, which beganne the 17th daie
of September, being Fridaie in the Ember weeke, and had a
sermon Inade in Paules quire before the procession went, and u
ed
it so everie Fridaie, which was a godlie waie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 32.

This yeare the Termc was rejornede till Crastino Anitnarum; b
and also the major tooke his oth at the Tower.
This ycare, the tenth C of December, Rafe Egerton, of London,
being one of my Lord Chauncelors d servalltes, and one Thomas
Herman,e sometyme servant with Fleetwood, one of my Lord
Chancelors gentlemen, were drawen from the Towre of London to
Tiburne, and there hanged and quartered for counterfeeting the
I{inges Great Seale.
This yeare, the eightenth daie of 1\larch, 1\11'. vVilliam Rotchmeire
was presented to the Ringe at 'V estmin
ter at York Place, and
t,heir the l{inge made him knight, and 1\11'. 1\lartin Bowes, one of
the sherives, also.

[A.D. 1541.]

a Dysentery. The word in the text is corrupted from Lax.-Nares's Glossary, ed.
Halliwell and Wright.
b November 3rd.
c The 22nd of Decembcr.- Stow.
d Lord Audley.
C Thomas Harman, scryant to !\Iastcr Flightwood.-Stow.

A.D. 1541.

[Anno Reg. 33.]
The Ladie Poole,
Countcsse of Salis-
burie, put to death
in the Tower.

124

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

The nynetenth and twentieth of l\larch the I(ing and the Queene
removed from 'VestIninster to Greenewych by water; and my lorde
major and all the alderll1en and all the craftes of the cittie, in barges
goodlie behanged and Eett v/Íth banners, taried his Graces cOIning
betwene the 'rowre and London Bridae the said daie in the after-
o
Doune; and at three of the clocke the I\.:ing came through the
bridge and the Queene in one barge, and their the Inajor and craftes
receaved their Graces and so rowed to Greene\vych; and when they
were againEt the To,ver there was shott a great shott of gonnes, and
all the shipps to Greenewych shott great shott of gonnes as they
passed by, which ,vas a goodlie sight to beholde; and this was the
Queenes Graces first c01l1ing to London synce the I(inges Grace
maried her.
This yeare, the seaven-and-twentith daie of l\Iaie, 1541,a being
Fridaie and the Inorrow after the Assention Daie, my Ladie of Poole,
Countesse of Salisburie,b and mother to the Lord l\Iontague, late
putt to death for treason, was beheaded within the Tower of London
upon the Greene called East Smithfid for treason c against the I(inges
l\Iajestie. And the saIne daie were three persons more drawen from
the To,ver of London to Tiburne, one called Lee, a gentleinan of the
north countrey, 'v hich was hanged and quartered; and another
called Tartarsal1, a cloath man of that countrey; and one Thorne, a
yeoman of the saIne partes, ,vas hanged and headed; ,vhich persons
with their affinitie had pretended to have made a new conspiracie or
insurrection in the north coun trey in Lent last past, and were
brought up to London by Sir Richard Gresshame, knight and
aldennan of London; and tenne persons more of their affinitie 'vere
hanged, drawen, and quartered in Yorke for the same treason; and
one Sir John KevilJ, knight, was sent from the Tower of London
a Nearly two years after the passing of the act of attainder.
b :Margaret Plantagenet, the nearest relation to the King in blood, was daughter,
and eventually sole heir, of George Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV. She
was created Countess of Salisbury in her own right, 14th Uctober, 1513.
c For a supposed treasonable correspondence with her sons, Cardinal Reginald
Pole and Lord
fontacutc.

'VIUOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

125

to Yorke to suffer execution their for treason, which ,vas of their A.D. 1541.
counceU.
This yeare, the nynetenth of ,June, one Chapman and Davenport,
to,v yeomen of the I\:inges Garde, were hanged at Greene,vych, by
the Friars Gate next the court, for robberies that they had donne
in ESEex and other places.
The tenth of June, Sir Edll10nd I{nevett, knight, of the countie
of K orfolke, ,vas arraigned at Green\vych in the I{inges IIall
for a blowe that he gave in Lent to l\lr. Cleere, of Norfolke,
gentleman, within the court, and was condeillpned to have lost his
hande that he strooke with; the I{:ïnges master cooke redie ,vith
his knife to have donne the execution, and the serjeant of the
scullerie with his lllalett, the irons laid in the fire to have sered
him, and the I\:inges l\p. Surgeon with the seering cloth readie;
and when the execution should have bene done the I\:inge sent
!Ir. Long a to stay it tiU after dynner, and then the officers of the
household sate againe, and then the I(ing pardoned him; and
proclalllation was made their, that whosoever gave any stroke heare-
after in the court, or a certaine precinct therunto, should lose his
hand without redemption.
The 25th daie of June the Lord Leonard Gray, brother to the
Lord l\Iarques Dorsett departed, was arraigned at vVestminstre in
the I(inges Bench, and their condempned to dcath for treason.
The 27th daie of June Sir Thomas Fines, knight, Lord Dacres
of [ the] Sowth, was arraigned at "r estminster for [the killing] b of
a fanner in I{ent in hunting, Sir Thomas Awdley, knight, Lorde
of "r alden and Chauncelor of Englande, sitting under the cloath
. of estate as Highe Stuarde of Englande, with the peares of the
realme about him, and their that daie conden1pned to death, and
had judgment to be hangede.
The 28th daie of June, beinge Sainct Peters caven, the Lord
Leenard Gray 'vas beheaded at the Towre I-lill, and in the after-

8. Sir Richard Long, Gentleman of the Privy Chember.
h Blank in :M8.

126

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. noune nyne persons, three persons gpntlemen, one called .l\Iantell,
and one Proudes, and another, was hanged at Saint Thomas
"\Vatteringcs for the murther that the said Lord Dacrees was
arraigned for.
The 29th daie of June, being Sainct Peeters daie, at 11 of the
clocke in the afternoune, the sherives ,vere at the Towre of London
to have had the Lord Dacres to execution on the gall owes at To,vre
Hill, and, as the prisonner should have come out of the Tower, the
Controwler of my Lord Chauncelors howse, called 1\11'. Heyre,
came and commanded, in the I(inges name, to stay the execution
till tow of the clocke in the afternoune, which caused the people to
hope that tIle I(ing would pardon him; nevertheles at three of the
clocke in the a fternoune the said Lord Dacres ,vas had from the
Tower to Tiburne, led betwene the sherives of London on Foote
till he came to the place of execution, where he was hanged till he
was dead, and then ymediatlie he was cutt downe and laid in the
cart, and had from thence to Sainct Sepulchers church by Newgate,
and their buried.
The 12th daie of Julie, one of 1\11'. Gunstons sannes, ,vhich was
a I(night of the Rodes, was dra,ven froln the I(inges Bench to
Sainct Thomas 'Vateringes, and their hanged and quartered for
treason.
The 30th of Julie was hanged in SlnythHelde one Richard
l\Ieekins, an orphan of London, for speaking against the sacrament
of the auIter contrarie to a statute Inade for the same; howbeit he
died like a true Christian man, and confe
sing at his death that he
beleeved it to be the verie bodie of Christ, God and n1an.
Also the saIne daie one Harvye, a priest of Callis, was hanged,
drawen, and quartered in the towen of Callis for treason, which was
had thither frOln the Tower of London the tenth daie of this
month at the charges and castes of the Sherives of London.
The 14th daie of Julie the I(inges Grace sent to the Lord
1\Iajor of London a froln Anthill,b by Philiper, one of his Yeolnen
a Sir 'Villiam Roche. b Ampthill in Bec1fordshire.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

127

of [ the] Garde, a great stagge and tow fatt buckes, to make Inerie A.D. 154:1.
with his brethren the Aldermen; wherfore, the sevententh daie of
this month, being Soundaie, my lord major had to dynner with
him at his house nynetene aldermen besides himself, ,vhich made
twentithe, and divers of their wiffes, to eate the venery; and that daie
after dynner at his table, sittinge [as host],a chose l\Ir. Rowland
IIill,b lnercer, and a COinminer, sherive for the l{inge for the next
yeare, according to the old custome of this citie.
This yeare, the first daie of Awgust, 1541, being the daie for
election of the sherive in the Guild Hall, the Comlnens had elect
and chosen for their sherive John Richmonde, armorer, ,vhich said
John Riclullonde, after the election, came upp into the hustinges
and declared afore my lord Inayor and the Commons that he was
not of abilitie and substance C for the said office, by divers waies
excusing hirnself; the lawes of the cittie being read to hill1, alnong
which lawes one was, that if any person elect to be sherive, which
wold take his oth, with six other honest persons whome Iny lord
Inayor wold accept., that all his moveables, as money, plate, wares,
dettes, and juells, extended not to the value of a thousand markes
sterlinge, that then his or their othes should be accepted, which
act, read before the Commons, the said Rychmonde tooke his oth,
and called five other persons ,vith him, as Robert \Varner, draper,
Christopher Paine, bruer, Kicholas Barker, armorer, John Lynsey,
armorer, and another of that occupation, which ,vould not take
their othes with hiln; wherfore, after long entreaties mairlc to him
by Iny lord major and the aldennen, .with great offers that they
offred hilTI to help him, as ßlr Bower, aldertnan, offred him to
lend hilll as much money as should beare his half yeares charges,
with also all his plate and other nccc8saries for howse holdc; the
said person refusing all this of his obstinate Inynde, would in no

a Omitted in MS.
b Afterwards Sir Rowland Hill, and an Alderman of London.
C Richmond's almshouse in the City was erected by the Company of Armonrers,
pursuant to the will of this John Richmond, ill the Jctlr 13fíU.

128

"
RIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. ,vise take the said office on him, wherfore, my lord Inajor and
aldermen, seing his great obstinacie, and knowing by their estillla-
tion him to be of a greater substance, able booth for the said office
and place for wisdorne and substance, comlnanded him to .warde,
and called for the water bayliffe to have hill1 to the Counter in
Bread Streete, and so brake up the court that daie. The morowe
after my lorde major sent the conlmon cryer to fetch hiln to dynner
to lny lorde majors, ,vhere lny lord lnajor lnade him great cheere,
and exhorted hiln by divers waics to take the said office on him,
and he should lacke no helpe; and when he could not perswade hiln
by no waies to take the said office, then he offred to geve him to,v
thousand markes for all his substance, besides his landes, and to
take the office on hilll, and would have geaven him a peece of
gould for an ern est pcny, in the presence of
Irs. IIerne, gentle-
woman, one of his wives sisters, and she,ved hilll if they could
not find hirn
o rnuch ,vorth that he and the aldermen would make
upp the saine tow thousand markes an10ng them on their own
purses; which for all that .would not prevaile, he was so obstinatlie
lnynded; wherfore he went to ward againe; and his howse was kept
by an officer of the majors, and to.w other officers of the sherives,
froln the first daie of .A. wgust at night, because they should see that
his goodes should not be conveyed out of the cittie; and the nynth
daie of .L
ugust, the said John Richmond was sent for to the Guild
Hall, at a court holden their of n1Y lord major and aldermen ,vith
1\1r. Recorder,a and their gentlie exhorted hiln to take the office on
him, but it prevayled not; ,vherfore they sett hiln to his fine, and
that ,vas, that he should pay thre hundred lnarkes for a fipe to the
use of the cittie, and bound hiln by recognisance to pay the said
sortle of thre hundred lnarkes the 11th daie of A,vguste, by eight
of the clocke in the morning, to the Chalnberlaine of London, and
so diseharged hin1 out of prison; and the said 11 th daie, according
to his Lande at the said howre, he brought tow hundreth markes in

n Sir Roger Chulmelcy.

'VHIOTHESLEY'S CIIRO
ICLE.

129

rnoney to the said chalnberlaine, and so ,vas discharged for this A.D.1õ41.
tyme; and the twelfeth daie of August the Con1mons 'v ere assembìed
to a COlnmon Counsell and a new election, and at the Conlmon
Counsell they assented to his fine; and at the election they chose
for sheriffe l\lr. Henrie Sackley, lnarchant klylor, for the said
Richmond r by all their assentes, .which tooke it on hinl.
This yeare 1\11'. Longe a of the ICinges Pryvie Chaillber and the Here b
gonne
C . . f L d . d r h b I . . k f S 1 k . the variance
ltIzens 0 on on vane lor t e ay lWIC e 0 ot nvar e contrane fortbeliberties
to the Charter of London. of Sowth-
warke.
Also 1\11'. Godsale,b one of the clarkes of the signett, by a patent Variance for
that he had gotton of the I\:inge for the Inetershippe of cloth of the !lletership
Id I . lk d 1 I h b 1 .. . of sIlkcs.
gOll , ve vett, SI es, an ynnen coat, roug 1t an InJunctIon
fro111 the I\:ing to the 1\lajor and Alclermen of London, and served
the major ,vithall in the Counsell Chamber in the Guild Hall, at
a court of aldermen, on paine of to,v thousand lnarkes everie of
them, that they should suffer the said Godsale to exercise the said
I'orne of Inettershipp and no other but under hilll, which .was
against the Charter of London, for the major had the gift al waies.
Also the Admirall varied ,vith the water- bayliffe of London in Variance
} . ffi . 1 1 .... h . 1 I Ch f betwf'nc the
11S 0 ce concernIng t 1e alnes, contrane a so to t 1e arter 0 Admirall and
London. thp. Cittie for
Tl . h I r. . h . 1 d I the Thames.
lIS yeare, at t e \.lnges gOIng IS progresse, 1e graunte to t 1C
citizins of London three churches of Friel's in London, the "\Vhite,
the Black, and the Gray.
Also the lCinge gave
otherwise called Tholnas

the church of Sainct Tholnas Acrees St. Thomas of
, Acres geaven
Beckettes, to the 1\lercerie, C bv the great to the
Iercers
.. for certaine
money by thcm
paid.

a Sir Richard Long, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.
b John Godsal ve.
C The :Mcrcers' CompanJ. By the designation mercer has been generally under-
stood in modern times a dealer in silk, but that is really an ahbreviation of the more
distinctive description of silk-mercer. The term mercer is clearly derived from
'lJW1'CeS, the plural of the classic word meræ, and, in its earlier and more correct
sense, signified a gcneral trader or dealer. Hence the :Mercers' Company has always
taken the precedence of the other City Companies, and may with probability be
rcgarded as the most ancient of alL

CAl\ID. SOC.

s

130

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. labor and meanes of Sir Richard Gresshame, and they sett open
the church dores on l\iichaelmas even, and so had dailie masse
therin.
This yeare, on St. Ed wardes daie a after dynner, one George
Robinson, mercer, being one of the "\Vardens of the l\lercers, as he
was talking with the major elect b in the old majors C house, sodenlie
fell downe, and was taken all his left side, from the topp of his
heade to the soule of his foote, so that he cold not speake perfectlie
nor stil'l'e, and ,vas washed ,vit.h vineger and aqua-vitæ, and had to
bed in the said Inajors howse, and laie their that night, and the
next daie he was caried to his owne howse in a chaire, and died the
third daie after.
This yeare, the sixtenth daie of October, tow priestes wente a
procession afore the crosse in Poules, and stoode all the SerlTIon with
tapers and white rod des in their handes; the cause was they maried
one 1\11'. Heringes sonne, a proctor in the Arches, to a yong gentle-
woman in a chalnber without licence or asking. The said gentle-
,voman was maried before to another, but he had neaveI' layne with
her; but, by carnall knowledge of this Inan, her first husband lost her,
as by a statute d latelie made for the saIne more plainelie appeareth;
and this matteI' was exalnyned in the Starre Chamber in \Vest-
Ininstre before the I\.:i nges Counsell, and by theim the said preistes
were enjoyned penance.

IIENRICI 'TIll. Anno 33.

The Quenes
househoulde
discharged.

This yeare, the 13th daye of Novelnber, Sir Thomas 'Vriothesly,
knight, and Secretary to the I\:inge, came to Hampton Court to
the Quene, and called all the ladies and gentle,vomen and her
servauntes into the Great Chamber, and there openlye afore them
declared certeine offences th,tt she had done in Inisusing her bodye

11 October 13th.
c Sir 'Villiam Roche.

b Sir :1Iichael Dormer.
rl 32 Henry VIII. cap. 38.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

131

with certeine persons afore the J{inges tYlne, wherefore he there A.D. 1541.
discharged all her househould; and the 1110rrowe after she ,vas had
to Sian, and my Lady Bainton a and 2 other gentlewolnen, with
certeine of her servauntes to wayte on her there till the J{inges
further pleasure: b and divers persons were had to the Tower
of London, as Iny Lady Rochford,c 1\11'. Culpepper,d one of the
J{inges Privie Chamber, with other.
This yeare, the fyrst daye oT Decenlber, 'was arrigned at the Guyld Cnlpeper put
Hall in London Thomas Culpepper,e one of the Gentlelnen of the to death.
l{inges Pryvie Cham bel', and Frauncis Dorand,f gentleluan, for
high treason against the J{inges .i\lajestie in mysdemeanor ,vith the
Quene,g as appeered by theyr inditelnents which they confessed,h and
had their judglnents to be drawne, hanged, and quartered, the Lord
1\layor sitting there as cheife, the Lord Chauncellor on his right
hand, and the Duke of N orfolke on his left hand, the Duke of
Suffolke, the Lord Privye Seale, the Earles of Sussex, of Hertford,
and divers other of the I\:inges Counsell, with all the judges, sittinge
there also in commission the saIne daye. And the tenth day of

a 'Vife of Sir Eùward Baynton. Both Baynton and his wife had done service for
the IGng in the case of Anne Boleyn.
b A letter from the Council to Archbishop Cranmer, signifying the IGng's
pleasure as to tl:e remove of Queen Katharine Howard, and the discharge of her
household, is printed in State Papers, Henry VIII. vol. i. part ii. pp. 691-3.
C Jane Parker, daughter of Lord 1\Iorley, and widow of George Vi:scount Rochford,
brother of Queen Anne Boleyn.
d Thomas Culpepper, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.
e It was alleged against Thomas Culpeppcr, who was a relative of the Queen, that
he had on one occasion, when the Court was at Lincoln, stayed for three hours in
the same room with the Queen and Lady TIochfonl.
f Francis Derham or Dereham, a relatiye of Queen Katharine Howard.
g Archbishop Cranmer declared to the King, on his return f.rom his progress in
the North, that he had evid
nce that the Queen before her marriage had been
seduced by Francis Dereham, to whom she had been engaged to he married.
h Francis Dereham is generally saiù to have confessed that he had been guilty of
incontinence with the Queen before her marriage, but, from the be::;t evidence we
possess, it seems doubtful \\ hether Dcrcham confcsscll anything of the kind.-Sce
State Papers, Hcnry VII I. vol. i.

132

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D.1541. December the said Culpeper and Dorand were drawne froln the
Tower of London to Tybur
e, and there Culpeper, after exhortation
made to the people to pray for hiln, he standinge on the ground by
the gallowes, kneled downe and had his head stryken of; and then
Dorand was hanged, membred, bowelled, headed, and quartered.
Culpepers body buryed at St. Pulchers Church by Kewegate, theyI'
heades sett on London Bridge.
Recantinge at This yeare the 18th of Decelnber, beinge Sonday, Alexander
Paules Crosse. Seton, a Skott borne, and chaplaine to the Duke of Suffolke, and
the parson of St. Antlins,a for sedicious preachinge that they had
sowed amonge the people in their serBIons against free will and
good workes, by injunction of the Bishop of London, did after the
bee des b of the preacher, ,vhich WDS nlr. Rudde, chauntry priest of
Barkinge, read the sublnission of their crronious opinions, sub In it-
tinge theln ,vhollye to the Catholicke lawes of the Church frolTI the
bottoln of theyre hartes, and never more to preach or teache any
erronious opinions duringe theyr lives.
This yearc, the 21 of Deceln bel', a shoemakers wyfe, of St. lUartins
parishe besyde St. Anthonies, rode about the cytye with a paper
on her head which fayned her
elfe to labour ,vith childe, and had
Raine a catte and conveyd yt privilye on her bodye, and say yt was
hir chylde, which catt was hanged on her bodie before her brest as
she roade, and 2 qui eke cattes also.
Ladies The 22 of Decelnber wc[reJ arraigned in the I\:inges Bench at
W

s
;. \Vestminster, Lady l\Iargaret, 'wyfe to the Lorde \Villiam Hawarde.
brother to the ])uke of Norfolke, I\:ath
rine Tylney, gentle,vo111an,
Alice Restwold,C gent., Anne IIa\vard, ,vyfe of Henry Haward,d
squire, and brother to the late Queue, l\Ialin Tylney, ,vydowe,
l\Iargret Bennet, wyfe of John Bennet, gent., Edwarde \Vallgrave,
gent., \Villialn Ashley, gent., all which persons were c.ondelnpned

a St. Antholin in \Vatling Street.
I.J l>rayers.
c Alice Hastall, alias \Vilks.
d Eldest son of Lonl Edmund Howard, and brother to Queen Kntbarine Howard.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

133

. 1 d . 1 1 1 A.D. 1541-2.
In Inessprisonlllent of treason,a and la JU( gelnent to oase t leyr
goodes and theyr bodyes to perpetuall in1prisonment; and at after-
none the Lord "\Villiam Ha,vard, brother to the Duke of N orfolke,
and Dalnparte,b gentlenlan, were allso arraigned and had lyke
judgment.
l\Iemorandum: On Christnlas even, at 7 of the clocke at night,
,vas a great fyre at Esinge Spittle, in Sir John 'Villianls house,
Thlaster of the l{inges juelles, and did 111uche hurte, and divers
juelles and goodes of the I\:inges, and all so of his, were eillbesylled
and convayed awaye at the sayd fyre.
This yeare, the 16th daye of Januarye, 1.541-[2J, beganne the Par- [A.D. .1 542 .J
1 . ",,",T. d 1 f 1 I Gh A parlIament
lalnent at n estlllinster, an t 1at daye was masse 0 t 1e Ioly ost, begonne.
the l\.:inge rydinge from his pallace at \Vestlninster in his Parliament
robes, ,vith all his lordes spirituall and temporall in theyr robes,
and. so rode to the church of St. Peters; C and that daye the l\.:inge
Inade knightes in the Parliament Chamber, 1\11'. Robert Southwell,
l\l r of the l
ollcs, and 1\11'. Pollard, the I\:inges Remelnbrauncer.
And the 20 of January the Convocation beganne at Pawles.
This yeare, the 23 day of January, ,vas the I\:inge proclaymed The Kinge
I ..... f 1 1 d b 1 f h P 1 . b h f 1 . 1 proclaymed
\.lnge 0 re an y t le assent 0 tear lament., ot 0 t 11S rea me Ringe of
and allso of Ireland. Irelande.
This yeare, on Candlenlas daye, IllY lord mayor d was presented
to the I\:inge at his Pallace of \Vestminster, and there made knight,
and Sir vVilliam Denhaln, alderman, allso.
This yeare, the 9th of Februarye, a preist, beinge parson in the
To,vre of London, hanged hinlselfe ,vith one of his garters.
Alld the saIne night the Lady Rochford was had to the Tower. e
The 10th of February the Quene ,vas had by water fron1 Sion
to the Tower of London, the Duke of SufIûlke, the Lord Privie Seale,
and the Lord Great Chmnberlaine havinge the conveyannce of her.
a Because they knew the Queen's vicious course of life before her marriage and
had concealed it.
h Robert Damport, a retainer of the old Duchess of Norfolk.
C 'Vcstminster AbLey. II Sir :Michacl Dormer.
e For having assisted the Queen in her s
cret amours.

134

WRIOTRESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

And the 13th of February, beinge l\Ionday, the sayd Quene,
otherwise Lady I\:atharine HawnI'd, was beheaded within the Tower
on the grene, and my Lady of Rochforde a allso; the Lordes of
the Counsell, with other noblelnen, and certeine C0l111nOners, beinge
there present at the execution, she beinge afore condelupned by the
body of the whole Parliament of high treason. b
This yeare, in the latter ende of January, 1\11'. Thomas Blanke
of London, haberdasher, ,vas adluitted aldennan for 1\11'. Paget,
late deceased, of the ,yarde of Bishopsgate; he refusinge to take upon
hin) after divers good exhortations 1110ved to him by B1Y lord mayor
and a court of aldennen, was cOluitted to ,yarde to the house of

Ir. I-Ienry Sukley,C sheriffe, and there reluayned five dayes, and
then he was brought before the court of aldermen againe; and after
divers la,ves and articles read and declared to hiln, which he ,vould
not take accordinge to a l.-nve lnade for the same, at last, in a lnanner
by compulsion, he tooke his oath and was adnlitted and s,vorne for
aldennan, and after, at a court of aldennen kept the 14th of February,
he dec1aringe such great debilitie in hiln, and by the luakinge of
freindes amonge the aldermen, he was sett to paye to the Chamber
of London 400 markes for a fyne, and to be clearly discharged both
of his aldermanship, as allso all other offices of the city for ever, and
had 4 yeres daye of paYlnent for the sanle.
One b
yled for This yeare, the 17th of l\Iarch,d was boyled in Slnithfeild one
pOYSOlllnge. l\Iargret Davie, a mayden, which had poysoned 3 househouldes that
she dwelled in, one beinge her
lrs, which dyed of the sanle; and

A.D. 1542.
Quene
Katharine put
to death.

a I.ady Rochford was the infamous woman who had borne testimony against her
own husband and her husband's sister Anne Boleyn, but she is said to have died
very penitent and meek.
b The Lords and Commons, on the 16th of January, by petition, "implored his
gracious :Majesty " that he would not vex himself with the Queen's misconduct, but
allow the two Houses to pass a bill of attainder, which course being approved, the
bill was carried through the Lords in three, and through the Commons in two,
days.
c Rowland Hill and Henry Suckley were Sheriffs for 1541-2.
d This event is assigned to the 10th of :March by the continuator of Fabian's
Chronicle.

,\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

135

one Darington and his ,vyfe, ,vhich also she dwelled ,vith in Cole- A.D. 1542.
man Streat, which dyed of the saIne; and allso one Tinleys ,vyfe,
,vhich dyed allso of the same.
The 20 of
Iarch ,vas one Clement Dyer, a vintner, drawen to
Tyburne for treason, and hanged alld quartered.
This ycare, the 28th of lVlarch, the Sherives of London, Sit' Ro,v-
land IIill and Henry Sukley, ,vere cOllllnitted to the Tower of
London for the arrestinge of a precept served by Taylor, sergeaunt, The Sherives of
F . I f I I T' 1 h 11 b . London sent to the
on one
erns,ß a gent eman 0 t le
lnges louse OU (, elnge one Tower.
of the burges of the Pariialllent, and because they resisted the
sargeaunt-of-armes to the Parliament House, called Saint-John,
which ,vas sent to the counter of Bread Streat to fetch the sayd
Ferris, [ the sheriffs] band allso certeine of their sergeauntes ,vere
comlllitted to the Tower for the same; C ,vherefore the mayor d and
certeine of the aldenllen shewed e to the Lordes of the Parliament
and to the C0111mens House, allso the 29th of l\larch, desyringe them
to be good lordes and masters to the sayd sheriffes; and the 30
of l\Iarch followinge they were released f againe by the assent of the
Parliatnent House and their officers also, without payinge any fyne
savinge fees and other charges, which stoode theln in 20l.
AIlsa the sayd 30 of l\Iarch the mayor was sent for to the Court,
and so to the Parli
ment House before the Lordes of the Counsell,
where they declared unto him that he should have noe sworde borne
before him from Charinge Crosse whensoever he came to vVestminster
or to the Court, nor have noe gentle[lllanJ usher to goe before hiln,
which was never soe seene before.
This yere on the Assention Daye g .1\11'. Rowland Hill, shrive, was [Anno Reg. 34.]
sent for to the Court at Greenwich, and there the ICinge Inade hiln
knight, and
Ir. Peckhanl,h the I\:inges coverer, allso.

0. George Feres or Ferrel's, a 1\Iember of Parliament for Plymouth, was arrested in
London, at the suit of one White, for the Rum of two hundred marks.
h Omitted in 1\IS. c "And there lay for two days."-Stow.
d Sir 1\Iichael Dormer. e For" sued."
f They were discharged by an order of the Commons' House. g May 18th.
It Sir Edmund Peckham, Cofferer of the Household, 1540-G.

136

1VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542. This yeare ,vas a prest dell1anded by the I\:inge of his Lordes
A prest or lone spirituall and telnporall and the COlnmons, and every man in the
grauntedtothe. f L d h . h 1 d h J T' b . d '
Kinge of the cItye 0 on on W IC ,vas va ewe to t e
lnges su Sl Ie at one
temporaItie. hundred a ;ß was sent for [by] the ICinges COlnlnissioners, whieh
was my Lord Privie Seale, the Bishop of "Tinchester, Sir John
Baker, Chauncellor of the Tenthes, and Sir Thon1as Wriothesley,
the ICinges Secretarys ,vhich persons did so straightly exalnine every
man, and with such gently handlinge both of ll1en and wydo,ves,
that he that payd least 10l. of every 100l. volente nolente, so that
some of the heades of the citie lent the Iiinge one thousande
Inarkes, every 111an havinge a privie seale for his warrant to be
· payd againe in two years l1ext comminge.
This yeare, in J ulye, an arJnye of Gelderland beseiged the towne
of Antwarpe, in Brabant, ,vhich ,vas partly wrought by treason of
son1e of the inhabitantes in the towne, and was in great daunger of
loosinge, but, as God ,vould, the treason ,vas kno,vne, and certeine
persons put to death for the saIne, and the annye fled.
This yere, in .L\ugust, the Earle oÎ Desll10nde,b in Ireland, came
to submitte himselfe to the ICinge, and had great chere, and sent
home ,vith great gyftes.
Anso this yeare, the J{inge, in September, prepared a great
armye of men to goe into Scotland with the Duke of N orfolke. c
Anso, the fyrst daye of October, the great O'Neile,ù of Ireland,
,vas created Earle of Tyrone, and his sonne had to name Lord
Dunsane,e and had great rewardes and gyftes given hilli, and
other that came a11so with hiJTI.

n All such as were valued worth 50l. or upward in the Book of Subsidy.-Stow.
b James Fitzgerald, fifteenth Earl of Desmond.
c The Duke of Norfolk entered Scotland the 21st of October, burning and wasting
aU the marches, and there taried, without any battle proffered by the King of Scots,
until the midst of November.-Stow.
d Conan O'Neil, Chief Captain of Tyrone.
e Matthew or Feardoragh became eldest son of O'Neil in 1542, and was created
Lord Dungannon, 1st October, 1542. Stow calls him "his base son, 1\latthew
O'Neil;" and then adds, "for Shane O'Neil, the only son of his body lawfully
begotten, was then little esteemed."

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

137

This yeare, the 8th of October, the J{inge sent his lettre to the A.D. ]542.

Iayor and Aldermen, the Common Counsell, and the Commons of
the citie of London, in the favour of Sir \Villiam Denham, Alder-
man, which was next in course to be elected mayor of the citye,
that he lllight be discharged thereof and set to a small fyne; and,
after great suyte made by the mayor and 14 aldermen to the
l{inges Counsell for the same, the mayor, ,vith his brethren, with
great payne and laboure caused him to pay for his fyne .E300 to
the use of the citye, whereof .E200 to be bestowed to have the
water brought more plentifully to the conduytes,a and an .EIOO
in plate to be occupied for ever in the mayors house; and on St.
Edwardes daye b the sayd Sir 'VilliaIn Denham payd for his sayd
fyne, and ,vas disn1Ï8serl of his cloak, C and that day was elected for
lnayor l\lr. John Cootes, alldennan.

IiENRICI VIII. Anno 34.

This yeare, in November, one Collins, gentlen1an, was hanged in
"\Vestminster pallace for killinge one in the same place.
Allso, this yeare, in Novelllber, were hanged on the backsyde
of Lincolnes lnne two persons for murtheringe one Thomas
Chesshers mayde in the same place.
This yeare, on St. l{atharines daye, beinge the 25th day of Takinge of
November , the Scotes entred into En g lande with 18 thousande men, th
Scotts
prIsoners.
and thought to have taken Carlile, but by Godes provision they
,vere that daye, at Sandy Sykes Ù besyde Carliell, discomfited by

a An Act was passed (35 Henry VIII.) whereby the
Iayor and citizens were
empowered to bring water from Hampstead Heath, St. 1\iary-Ie-bone, Hackney, and
:Muswell Hill, upon their indemnifying the owners of lands, &c. in order to augment
the supply already brought from Tyburn.-See :Maitland's History of London,
p. 141.
b October 13th.
C Or in other words was relieved of his gown on paying his fine. An Ahlerman
who had passed the chair was termed a "Grey Cloak."
d Generally known as the battle of Solway :M:oss.
CAMD. SOC. T

138

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542. Sir Thol11as "\Varton, knight, and others, and divers lords taken
prisoners and Inany slayne, and their ordinaunce with artillery
taken, to the great comfort of all England, and taken prisoners to
the number of a thousande. a
And the 19 of December, at 3 of the clocke at afternone, the
sayd lordes and certeine of the cheifest of them, to the nomber of
21, came rydinge in at Bishopsgate, and so rode to the Tower of
London, wherc that night they had great chere and richc lodginge
prepared for then1. Theise be their nalnes:
1. The Earle of Castell; b
2. The Earle of Glainekarne,c alias Lord n::ylmayre;
3. The Lord Flelninge,d Chamberlainc of Scotland;
4. The Lord 1\laxwell, e Admirall of Scotland and \Varden of the
l\larches.
ô. The Lord Semerwell; f
6. The Lord Olivante; g
7. The Lord Gragie; h
8. Oliver Sinkler,i of the J{inges Privie Chamber;
9. Robert I-Ierskin, sonne and heire to the Lord Harskin,k late
elnbaesadoure;
10. Jalnes Sinkler 1 his brother;
II. Dan Cary,m Leard of Greadcn;
12. Georg Ifunc,n Leard of Hemitton;

do .I\Iore than 200 of the better sort, and more than 800 of menneI' persons.-Stow.
b Gilbert Kennedy, third Earl of Cassillis.
C 'Villiam Cunningham, fourth Earl of G lencairn.
d l\ialcolm, third Lord Fleming.
C Robert, fifth Lord l\Iaxwcll, 'Varden of the West Marches of Scotland.
f Hugh, fifth Lord SomervilJe.

Lawrence, third Lord Oliphant.
n Pn.trick, fifth Lord Gray.
i Oliver Sinclair or Saint Clair, favourite of James V.
k John, twelfth Lord Erskine, ambassadqr to England in 1534.
I James Sinclair, his brother-in-law.
m Mistake for Robert Ker, Laird of Graydon.
n George Home, Laird of Ayton.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

139

13. The Leard l\Iounteth; a A.D. 1542.
14. John Loslye,b bastard sonne to the ErIe of Rothers;
15. Henry l\laxwell, bastard brother to the Lord l\laxwell; C
16. John
Iattland,d Leard of \Vyke Castle;
17. John Carmell, e Captaine of Cra yforth ;
18. Leard 1\Iountayffe; f
19. James Springell, chefe storer of all the I{inges goodes, and
in great favour;
20. Patricke Hayborne; g
21. 1\11'. Davie ICythe. 11
And the 21 of December, beinge St. Thomas day afore Christ..
mas, at 8 of the cloke in the rnornynge, 8 of the chefest of then1
that 'v are erles and lordes had new go\vnes of blake damaske furred
\vith blake con yes and cottes of blake vel wett 'with doublettes of
satten, shirtes and other apparell rnade for theIn, and so rode froln
the Towre, Sir John Gage, Controwler of the ICinges household
and Constable of the Towre, ridinge afore the In alone, and aCCOln-
paned \vith divers other knightes and gentylhnen thoro\v the IIigh
Strcat of London, the Scottes ridinge t\VOO and twoo together,
folowinge Sir John Gage, and so to "r estlnynster, l\Iaster Leve-
tenante of the Towre ridinge after them, and so brought them afore
the ICinges Counsell syttinge in the Starr Chalnbre at ,\r estIninster;
and after they \vare comytted to the custody of divers lordes and
gentlemen to keepe. And the 22 of Decelnber, beinge Fryday, Death of the
t y din g es was brought to the ICynge that the Scottishe I\:in g e ,vas I

otishe b .
\..mg-e, emge
deade,i which was in cOlnpanye ,vith the sayd lordes at there entringe the .Kinges
nevlC.

a John Graham, fourth Earl of :Monteith.
b John Leslie, son of George Leslie, fourth Earl of Uothes.
c Robert, fifth Lorù :Maxwell.
d John Maitland, of Achin.
e John Carmichaell, Captain of Crawfonl CaRtIe.
f 'Villiam :Monteith, Lairù of !{erse.
g Patrick Hephurn, of 'Vaughton.
h David I\:eith.
i Jallle
V. of Scotland, nephew to Henry VIII. died Decemùer 14th, 1':;.12.

140

\VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542-3. into Inglande, and heringe of the greate losse that he had, and also
for feare flyinge in such hast, toke such a thought and sykenes that
he dyed therof,a and also his sonnes dyed also. b And the Queene
of Scottes beinge ,vith chylde, for sorro,ve traveled, and was brought
to bed with a mayden chylde. c
On Sainte Johns day,d in Chrismas weke, the sayd Lordes of
Scotelande ,vent to the Courte "at Grenewich to the ICinge, and there
had greate chere, and went before the ICinge to the chapell, and had
lodginges prepayred in the Courte for them. And also 'weare
s,vorne to the ICinge to sett forth his l\lajestis tytle that he had to
the realme of Scoteland to the uttern10st of their powres e at thire
comlnynge V'{hohne,f and so the 30 of December they departed from
the Corte; and, the last day of December, 8 of the chefest of theln
dyned \vith my Lord 1\layre of London g and the rest with the
[A.D.1543.] shrives,h \vhere they had greate chere; and the first day of January
they departyd from London and rode to dyner to the i [princes
at Enfield], 'which they rejoysed greatly to behoulde; and so
departed to Carlyll, whare they remained tyll there pledges
calne,k makinge great chere and highly praising the I\.:inges

a Upon hearing the news of the Scots' defeat at Salway :Moss, James became
depressed in mind, and sank rapidly with a slow fever.
b Mary of Guise had borne him two sons, but they had both died in infancy the
year before.
C The unfortunate :Mary Queen of Scots was born seven days bdore her father's
death, who, upon being informeù of the event, is said to have muttered with his last
breath, " The crown came with a woman, anù it will go with one."
d 27th December.
c This can hardly be correct. They were to further the marriage of the young
Prince of 'Vales with the infant Princess of Scotland.
f For" home."
g Sir John Cootes.
h Henry Habberthorne and lIell'y Amcotes.
i Blank in 1\lS. They visited the infant Prince Edward at Enfield.
k They were not suffered to cross the Scotch horder until they had delivered to the
Duke of Norfolk hostages for their return, in case the intended nuptials were not
completed.

WRIOTIIESLE.Y'S CHRONICLE.

141

l\Iajcstie of the greate benevolence she,ved unto them not as A.D. 1543.
prysoners but as frindes. a
This \vinter, by reason of the wett sommer, that wood could not be 'Vood skant
carryed for the high flowdes to the watter syde, \vood was so skante and clere.
in London that a thousand byllettes ware soulde for a marke and 168.
the m 1 . b and coles also was sold for 12d. and 14d. the sacke.
Also this yere, by reason of the greate cold and frost, Lentton Fish dere.
vitalles ware excedinge dere, as saltfyshe \vith other salt meates, C
so that the mayre and aldermen ware fayne to seet wardens of
divers Companyes to kepe the markettes in Fyshe Streate, Stockes,
and Old Fyshe Streate, and to see the people served at reasonable
penyworthes, after ther discretions.
Also at Ester, by reason of the greate morren of cattell the last Dere vittelles.
,vinter, fleshe was exceedinge dere and skant, and specyally 1110ttons
and lambes, which \vare at unreasonable pryses, as a quarter of
Inotton at 28. and 28. 4d. and a lan1be at 38. and 38. 4d. which ,vas
skant \vorth 16d.
Also this yere, against the feast of Ester,d at a courte of aldermen An order for
k . h G ld H 11 I d f h [ J dishes of meate
epte In t eye a t 1e 20 ay 0 l\Ial'c, 1542 .3 , yt was in the mayre
enacted by the mayre and his bretheren that the mayre and shrives and shrives
h d . . howses.
S ould haye and be serve but ,vlth one course at dIner and supper
in thire howses, the Inayre to have but 7 dishes at the moste at
dinner or supper at one messe for his owne table, and the shrives
but 6 dishes, and every alderman lykewise in their howses, uppon
payne to forfayte for every dyshe above 6, 408. for every tyme he
or they offende contrary to the sa yd Acte; and allso that the
sergeauntes and yeomen of their houshouldes should have but three
dishes at dinner or supper, savinge the s,vordebearers messe to have
one dishe lnore; and further that the mayor nor his brethren should

a Henry bestowed on them their liberty without ransom, only requiring of them
engagements to favour the marriage of the Prince of 'Vales with their young
mistress. b ..11 tlll) or thou
allll.
C A proclamation was made on the Ðth February, whereby the people were licensed
to cat white meats in Lent, but strict1y forbidden the eating of flesh.-Stow.
d Easter Sunday this year fell on the 2Gth uf 1\iarch.

A.D. 1543.

[Anno Reg. 35.]
An armye sent into
France.

lrishe Lords.

Recantinge at Paules
Crosse.

142

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

from the sayd fcast of Easter, by the space of one yeare, buy nether
crane, swanne, nor bustard, upon payne to forfayte for everyone
by thenl to be bought 20s. to be tryed by their oath yf it be
presen ted. a
This yeare the Enlperour and the ICinge were jointly fixed
togither to warre on the French I{inge; 'wherupon the ICinge in the
lTIoneth of June sent certeine souldiers over to Callis and Guynes b to
the nUlnber of 8,000 or lnore, whereof Sir John \Vallope was
captainc; and there ,vent out of London at the cities charge 100 c
persons, 30 bo,vemen and 70 billemen, 'whereof Charles Haward d
was captaine, and Tholllas Underhill, one of my lord mayors
sergeantes and carver, was their pettie captaine, 'which sayd 100
111cn were put to the charge of 30 craftes of the citye.
This ycare, the first day of July, the Lord Obrune,e of Ireland,
and the Lord l\Iat \Villiarlls f were created earles at Grenewich, and
Sir Done-a-Brune g 'was made a lord, and had given thelll great
gyftes by the l{inge.
Anso, the 8 of Julye, 1542 h [1543J, beinge Reliques Sonday,
three persons recanted at Paules Crosse, one called Tho111as Beacon,
alias Theodore Basill, \V ysedome, Curate of Aiderillary, i under
Doctor Crolner, k and one Shingleton, all three preistes; and the
sayd Tholnas Beacon cutt in peeces at his sayd recantinge 11 bookes

8 i. e. the accused to have the liberty of purging himself by oath.
b Guisnes.
c The MS. thus: "c," before which is a 2 in fainter ink, apparently incorrectly
inserted afterwards.
d Eldest son of Lord William Howard.
c 1IUlTough O'Brien, brother of the great O'Brien, whom he succeeded in 1540,
was created Earl of Thomonù in ] 543.
f Ulick Bourke became :Mc'Villiam in 1536, and was created Earl of Cla.nricarde
in 1543.
g Donough O'Brien, eldest son of Conochor, the great O'Brien, was created Lord
Ibracken in 1543.
h 1542 in
IS. but an error for 1543.
i St. :Mary the Virgin, Alùermaubury.
k Dr. ]
d warù Crome.

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

143

,vhich he had made and caused to be printed, wherein was certeine A.D. 1543.
heresyes.
This yeare, the 12 of J ulye, Lady l{atharine, late wyfe of the Lord A newe Quene.
Latimer, lately departed, and sister of the Lord Parre, was proclaymed
Quene and Inarryed to the J{inges :Thlajestye at IIampton Courte. a
This yeare, the 28 of July, were burnt at "Tindsore 3 persons:
one Anthony Persons, preist, another caned Testwode,b beinge a
singinge man of the colledge, and a taylor of the same towne, ,vhich
,vere heretickes and sacramentars. C
This yeare, the 3 of August, proclalnation was rnade in London Proclamation
r b 1 E d 1 I T' . h for warre with
lor open waITe etwene t 1e · mperour an t 1e \..Inge agaInst t e Fraunce.
French I\:inge, as mortall cnemie to them and all Christen Princes,
he havinge ayde of the Great Turke.d
This yeare, at the Parliament kept at "Tèstn1Ïnster, it ,vas A subsidie
graunted to the l{inges J\lajestie a subsidie of the temporalty, to be r

:{
:

le
paid in three yeres next ensueinge, in 11lanner and forme followinge, temporaltie.
that is to say: that every person and orphane beinge worth in
goodes
Os. and under 5l. shall pay 4d. of the ;C; and every person
and orphane beinge ,vorth 5l. and under 10l. shall pay 8d. of the
æ; and every person beinge worth 10l. and under 20l. shall pay
16d. of the .-t; and every person being worth 20l. and so upwardes,
shaH pay 28. of the L; and every straunger beinge borne out of the For strmmgers.
I\:inges obeysance, as well denizon as other inhabitinge within this
l'eahne, shall pay, of every SOlne above rated, double lnony that

a Katharine Parr married, first, John Nevill, Lord Latimer, but, becoming a widow
in 1::>42, married, the next year, King Henry VIII. whom she survived, and had for
her third hushand Thomas Lord Seymour.
b Robert Testwooc1.
c Sacramentarians or Protestnnts. It is somewhat singular that Henry Rhould
have continued to persecute the Protestfints after his marriage with Kfitharine Parr,
who is said to have been well versed in the new l.earlling, and a sincere convert to
Protestan tism.
d The :Emperor and Henry agreed to require Francis to renounce his unholy
alliance with the Grefit Turk, and upon his refusal made that n. cause of hostilities,
the real object being to compel him to give security for the more punctual payment
of his trihutary pensions to his l\ffijesty of England.

A.D. 1543. Englishe men pay; and anso, that every alien and straunger borne
ou t of the ICinges don1Ïnions, beinge denison and not denison, frOln
the age of 16 yeares and up-warde, not beinge contributory to the
rate aforesayd, shall pay for every polle 4d. the master with whom
he dwelleth, to be charged with the san1e for lacke of payment; allso
every person borne within the I\:inges obeysance, beinge worth in
For landes. landes, fees, anuities, or other yerely profites, of the vale we of
08.
and under 5l. shall pay 8d. of the æ; and from 5l. to 10l., 16d. of
the .f:; and from 10l. to 20l., 28. of the æ; and from 20l. and
upwarde, 38. of every pounde.
And every straunger borne of the I\:inges obeysance havinge
lande, fees, anuyties, or other yerely profits, shall pay, of every
SOines above rated, double the mony that Englishemen doe.
And, aUso, that aU corporations, brotherhoodes, fraternities, or
comlnonalties, beinge corporate or not corporate, shall pay for
coine, plate, or je"\velles, beinge in theyI' rule or custodye, of every
æ under 5l., 8d. of the.-t; and from 5l. to 10l., 16d. of the æ; and
fronl 10l. to 20l., 28. 8d. of the .f:; and from 20l. and upwarde, 48.
of every .f:.
Allso the sayd corporations, brotherheådes, fraternities, or COll1-
Inonalties, havinge in Ian des under 51. shall pay 16d. of the .f:; and
froln 5l. to 10l., 28. 8d. of the ;ß; and froln 10l. to 20l. for every
æ, 48.; and from 20l. upwarde, 68. of the .f:.
Payment for Theise payements to be payd in 3 yeares; that ys to say, the one
the first yeare. halfe of every somlne to be payd the first of the sayd 3 yeares into
the ICinges Exchequer the 6th daye of Februarye, and the other
halfe to be payd in 2 yea res next after the fyrst yeare, after the rate
of every S0111me.
.A subsidie This yeare, anso, the prelates and cleargie of this realme graunted
g h nu } l { n.ted to h the ICinges 1\Iajestie a subsidie of 68. of the .f:, to be paid of theyI'
t e lllg of t e .. . ..
spiritualtie. benefices and perpetuItIes In 3 yeares next com mInge, that IS to
ay,
every yeare 28. of the æ of their sayd benefices and perpetuities,
,vhich sayd paYInentes shall be levycd but of the 9 partes of theyI'
sayd benefices, because they pay yearcly the 10th parte to the

For landes of
straungers.

Fraternities
moveables.

Fratel'n ities
)andes.

144.

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

145

l\:inge, and every priest havinge noe perpetuity, but recelvlnge an A.D. 1543.
annuall stypende, shall pay yearly during the sayd three yeares
68. 8d.
This yeare allso there ,vas an Acte l11ade at the Parliament for For the use of
the advauncement of true reli g ion and for the nbolishment of the the
ible in
Enghshe.
contrarye, ,vherein is conteyned what persons sh311 read the Byble a
in Englishe, and how they shall use yt, and allso divers bookes
condempl1ed by the sayd Acte, and a newe booke made b by the
ICinge and his cleargie ,vhich the lay people should reade, C and
puttinge away all other en'onious and hereticall bookes, as more
at large appeareth in the sayd Acte or lawe.
This yeare the Elnperour d made wafl'e on the Duke of Cleve,e
and subdued his lande and had the Duke prisoner; but at last he
had his pardon, and was under the jurisdiction of the Elnperour.
This sommer was great death in the citie of London and the
suburbes of the same, wherefore the ICinge 111ade proclamation in
the Courte that noe Londoner should come within 7 miles where
the ICinge lay, so that yf any man caIne [1'0111 London into the
country they could get no lodginge, and the tearme of l\lichaelltnas
,vas proroged till Crastino Anima1'zun.f
This yeare the mayor punished rnany harlotes of the stewes by

a It was enacted in Parliament, shortly after the appearance of the King's book,
that the Bible should not be read in public, nor in any private families except such
as were of noble or gentle degree; the opening of the book being made an offence
to be punished by one month's imprisonment in the case of artificers, apprentices,
journeymen, servants, women, and all other persons of low degree.
b Eutitled" A necessary doctrine and erudition for any Christian l\lall." This
book, which was called the "King's Book," differed materially from the" Insti-
tutions of a Christian l\'[an," published six years before, and now called the
"Bishops' Book."
c Cranmer was obliged to order that the" King's Book," which contained the
dogmas he most detested, should be published in every diocese, and followed by
every preacher as an infallible rule.
d Charles V.
e 'ViI1iam Duke of Ravenstein became Duke of Cleves aud Juliers in 153!).
f Xovember 3rd.

CA:\lD. SOC.

u

146

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

.A.D. 1543-4. dobbinge a in the Thames on a cookinge stoo1e b at the Thre Cl'anes
in the Vintre.

[A.D. 1544.]

Death of the
1\IaJor of
London.

HENIUCI VIII. Anno 35.

This yeare the Inayor tooke his oath at the To,ver.
The teaflne c kept at St. Albons, and from thence to \'T estminster
at Hilarye tearme.
1\Ielnorandum: That on Cal1dlernas daye d my lord InayoI', .1\11'.
Bowyer, was- rnade knight at "r estlninster by the I(inge.
This yeare, at the Parliatnent holden at \Vestlninster, the lone,e
,vhich ,vas prest to the I\:inge in the 34th yeare of the I\:inges
l\lajesties raigne, was given the ICinge by A0te of Parlialnent. f
1\Ielnorandum: The 13 daye of Aprill, 1544, Sir \Yillialn
Bowyer, knight, then beinge 111ayor of the citye of London,
departed _ this lyfe at 8 of the clock at night, that daye beingc
Easter daye.
The 17 day of Aprill, beinge Thursday in Easter weeke, the
aldel'lnen and COlnnlons asselnbled in the Guyld Hall for the election
of a newe mayor, where they chose Sir Raufe \Varren, knight,
beinge once mayor bcfore,g to serve out the yeare of the sayd Sir
'Yillialll Bowyer, and imlnediately was sworne in the Court of

..
a An old form of the word" ducking;" thus we find" dobchick," a small water-
fowl of the duck kind.
b Cucking-stool, a kind of chair faðtelled to a long pole, turning on a swivel, to
duck scolding or disorderly women in the water.
c l\1ichaclmas Term, 1543, was adjourned to St. Alban's on account of the plague
then raging in London.
d }""ebruary 2nd.
e The King's officers having obtained l'eturns which showed the value of each
man's estate, Hcnr
v addressed a royal letter to every person rated at.SOl. per annum
and upwards, requesting a certain sum by way of loan. To refuse being dangerous,
in most cases the King got the money he asked for, and then he made Parliament
vote him a grant of all the money so raised, as well as whatever sums he had
borrowed from any of his subjects since the thirty-first year of his reign. .
f 35 Henry VIII. cap. 12.
g In 1:>36.

'VRIOTHESLE Y'S CHRONICLE.

147

IIastings a for the office of rnayralitye. And the 21 day of Aprill A.D. 154:1.
the sayd Sir Raufe \Varren tooke hi
oath at '\T estminster, the [Anno Reg. 36.]
craftes goeinge before hiln; and after dinner the sayd ne,ve mayor
went in blacke to the buryinge of the ould mayor, the alde1'n1en in
violet, and all his officers in blacke of the ould Jnayors gyfte, 'which
sayd ould mayor was honourably buryed, and had a goodly hearse
of waxe.
The 30 day of Aprill, 1544, Sir Thomas A,vdley, knight, Lord Death of the L0rd
f \ ","T Chauncellour.
o Ivalden and Chancellour of England, n1Y late lord and Inaste1',
departed this worldly lyfe at his place of Christes Church, in
London.
The
econde day of J\Iaye Sir Tholnas 'Yrothesley, knight, Lord Newe Lorde
. Chauncellour.
'V rothesley, was sworne Chauncellour of England In the Chauncery
at "r estminster Hall.
J\.l1so this yeare, by reason that wheate and other graine ,vas very A prest for wheate.
skant in England, and like to be at high prices, the mayor and
aldermen had a prest of a 1\1 l. of the COml110nS of the citie Qf London,
'which was gathered of the craftes for wheate that caIne out of
Danske and Brelnbreland,b which Sir 'Yilliam Bowyer had provided
for in his tYIne after 138. 4d. or 148. per quarter for paynlent,
whereof the Chamberlaine of London made bondes to every crafte
to be repaid againe at :\Jichaehnas next cOlnminge.
This yeare the 22 day of J\Iay, beinge Assention day, there were Victorie of the Scots.
great fyers made in the citye of London and the suburbes, and ,vine
set in divers places of the citie, for the victorie that the I\:inges

rajesties annie C had in Scotland, and the 1l10rrOWe after there was
a serrnon made in Pawles to the laude of God and prayse of the
I\:inges J\fajestie, with Te Ðeuln songe, and after a gene raIl pro-
ceSSIon.

a The Court of HU8ting's was held in the Guildhall, and in it pleas of laud anI
real property were sued, wills enrolled, &c. It still exists, but is not much use(l.-
Vide Nort0n's "Franchises of London."
b Danzig and Bremen.
C Under the Earl of Hertford and Sir Ralph Rvers.

Allso this yeare the city of London were set to Hnde to the
ICinges l\Iaje
tie for his waITes in Fraunce 500 men, which was borne
amonge the craftes of the sayd citye at theyI' .o,vne cost{\S and charges.
This yere allso the ICinge would have no \vatch kept at
lid-
sornlner because the city had bene divers ways charged ,vith Inen
toward his \Vafl'es.
The 6 day of July IIay\vard recanted his treason at Pawles
Crosse, which had bene afore condelnpned to death and brought to
be layd on the hardell for denyinge the supremacye of the ICinges
1\Iajcstie against the Bishop of Rome. a
Allso this yeare in June the I\"inges I\Iajestie demaunded of the
citizens of London by ,yay of prest. 20,000l.,b which ,vas levied of
the aldennen and head comlnoners of the citie, for the which the
sayd aldermen and citizens had certeine landes by patentes graunted
to theln and theyI' heires, or el1es t.o be repayed againe at the yea res
ende.
After this there was 3,000Z. and more levyed of the citizens that
had not bene sessed at the prest of 20,000l., so that he that payd
least lent 10Z., for which they allso had landes.
The
etanie in This yeare the l{inges l\Iajestie afore his goeinge over into
Enghshe. Fraunce Sl't forth a Letany in Englishe, which he commaunded
should be songe in every parishe church through England, ,vhich
,vas the Godlyest hearinge that ever ,vas in this realrne.
This year allso the I{inges 1\Iajestie tooke his journey into
Fraunce c in the moneth of July, and landed at Callais the 14 day

A.D. 1544.

fen found to
the Kill ges
warres in
London.
Noe watche
kept at
iid-
sommer.

Recantinge of
Haywarde.

A prest to the
Kinge.

The Kinge
landinge at
Callais.

148

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

a During the last four years of Henry's reign executions for religion became less
frequent. It is said that only twenty-four persons were put to death for this cause,
fourteen of them being Protestants, who were burned, the other ten Papists, or
Recusants on the subject of the Supremacy, who were hanged.
b The King borrowed of the twelve Livery Companies of the City the sum of
21,2G3l. 6,. 8d. upon a mortgage of Crown lands.
C Henry, having entered into a league with the Emperor Char1es V. against
Francis 1. left Katharine Parr regent, and passed m'er to Calais with 30,000 men,
accompanied hy the Dukes of :Korfolk and Suffolk, and many of the nobility and
gentry.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

149

of the same moneth, at 4 of the clock in the afternone, where he A.D. 1544.
,vas honourably received of the Staplers.
This yeare, the 13 of September, 1544, the towne of Bulleine Bulleine
,vas given up to the J{inges :Thlajestie,a and the 14th day the French "\Vonne.
men departed out of the towne, with as much goods as they might
carye both men and women,b besyde that the waggons carryed, and
the I{inges :Thlajestie entred the sayd towne the 18 of September
with great tryumphe; C and the 20 day there was a solempne generall
procession kept at Pawles, ,vith Te Deum songe, for the victorye
of the I\:inges 1\lajestie, and many fyers made in the citie, and so
after in every part of the reaJme.
The last daye of Septelnber the I\:inges :ThIajestie landed at
Dover d at n1Ïdnight; and the thirde daye of October the Bishop
of London in his pontificalibus beganne Te Deum in P3.wles, ,vhich
,vas songe for the good returne of the I{inges .l\lajestie, and generall
procession after.

HENRICI VIII. l\nno 36.

This yere, the 14 of Xovember, there was one Robert Silvestre,
ye01nan, borne in N orthamptonshire, set on the pillorie in Cheape
by the commaundement of my Lord Chauncellour and other of the
I\:inges Counsaill, and was burned váth a hot iron in the cheeke
with a Jetter of P., and after had his eare cut of hard
y the head,
and had written on a paper set on his head, "For Inisusinge of the

R Boulogne, being besieged by Henry in person, surrendered after a siege of two
months through the cowardice of Vervin, the governor, who was afterwards beheaded
for this dishonourable capitulation.
b The number of all the men of war within the town that were strong- and able to
serve were, of horsemen 67, of footmen 1,563, of hurt men 87, of women and children
1,927, bf'side It great number of aged and sick persons, not able to rlepart with the
rest.-Stow.
C Hymer gives Henry's own journal of this expedition, which is a curious
document.
d Having garrisoned Boulogne, and destroyed the church of "Our Ladye" there,
Henry returned to England sorely impoverished, and deserted by his ally the
Emperor, who had concluded peace with Francis on his own account.

,

150

"\VRIOTIIESI..EY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1544. I\:inges cOInmission and powelinge a of his subjectes," which the
sayd person had done at Rigate, in Surrey.
This yere, aIlso, the 3 d day of Decelnber, there was set on the
pillorye in Cheape these persons followinge; Richard Potter,
esquire, Richard Stitisborne, gent., lUichell vVeston, gent., John
Casymghurst, yeoman, 1\Iiehell H:nvard, yeoman, Richard Deacon,
yeoman, and 'Villiam Potter, gent., and they had ,vritten over
every mans head, "For willfull perjurye and other develishe
abhominations," and everyone of thelTI was burned in the left
cheeke ,vith a letter P. with a hot yron, and after cut of the right
eare of everyone of thelTI, and then sent to prison, all which sayd
persons had done in I\:ent and Surrey, Yvhich partes they dwelled
in, many develishe actes, as bUl'ninge of ,voodes, colepites, and
frames of houses, stealinge and stroyinge mens pondes of fishe,
cuttinge the barkes of trees, cuttinge beastcs tongnes out of their
heades, cuttinge of the tayles of horf'es, cuttinge of Inens eares
and Inakinge of rymes, b ,vith other abholninable actes, for ,vhich
causes they h
d the sayd execution, and allso were set to fyne to
the I\:inges l\Iajestie in theise SOlnes followinge, that is to saye:
Richard Potter to pay to the I\:ing 1,0001., ,vhich sayd Potter lnight
spend in lan(1e 700l., and of good substaunce of his 1110veables;
Richard Statisbornes fyne 400l., l\Iichell 'V 6ston 100l., John
Casinghurst 200 Inarkes, 1\Iichell IIayward 40 markes, Richard
Deacon 40 markes, ""'lllialn Potter 20l,; and over all this they had
judgement to suffer lyke execution in theyr countryes againe on
a Pilling or peeling, from the French" piller;" from which is also derived" pillage."
b The making of rhymes or political squibs was ranked as a species of treason in
ancient times, anù was not unfrequently punished with death; thus in the thirà
year of Richard III. we read in Arnold that 'Vylliam Colyngbourne was arraigned
in the Guildhall "for a rhyme whieh was laid to his charge, that he should make in
derision of the King and his Council, as followeth:
, The catte, the ratte, and Lovell our dogge,
Rulyth all Englande under a hogge.'
By which was meant that Catisby, Ratc1yffe, and the Lord Lovell, ruled the land
under the King, who bore the white boar for his conysance." For the which he "as
put to a most cruel death at Tower Hill.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

151

the other cheeke and eares, and
fter that to rClnaine 111 pri
on till A.D. 1544-5.
they had payd theyI' fynes, and. allso satisfyinge all such persons as
they had done hurt unto; and there ,vas one Gyles Crowe, gent.,
which ,vas not set on the pillorye, ,vhich had lyke judglnent, and
'vas set to fyne to the ICinge 200l., ,vith recoIn pence ansa to the
parties.
This yeare, after 12 tyde,a the l{inge demaunded of his.subjectcs, [A.D. 1545.]
both spirituall and tClnporall both in the court and allso throuahe
benevolence
, t:) gIven to the
the whole reahne of England, a benevolence b towardes his graat IGnge.
charges of the warres which he had \vith l?raunce and Scotland,
which \vas graunted him volente, n01ente, aÍter the rate of 28. in
the pounde, after the rate as men payd to the l(inges sub
idie.
l\Iy Lord Chauncellour, Duke of Suffolke, ,vith other of the ICinges
Counsaill, sat at Bayna1'des Castle for the citie of London, callinge
all the citizens of the Salne before thC1n, beginninge first with the
mayor and aldernlen; and because 1\11'. Richard Rede, aldennan, :Mr. Rede se llt
] d I 1 . 1 d d [ ] to the warres
wou not agree to pay as t ley set llln, le was commaun e on C in Scotlande.
paine of death to make hiln readye to serve the l(inge in his warres
in Scotland,d and departed froln London the 23 of January, 1544-5.
AUso Sir 'Villiaul Roche, knight and aldennan, for wordes of ::\Ir. Riche,
displeasure e taken by the I(inges Counsaill, ,vas sent to the Fleet :

I

the 26 of January from Baynardcs Castle, the Inayor of London }'leete.
,vith l110st parte of the aldernlen and 12 COlnmoners of divers craftes
beinge there present with theln afore the còunsaill, ,vhere he 1'e-
Inayned prisoner till Passion Sonday after. f
The 8th day of February
Ir. \Villialn Laxton, Inayo1', ,vas

a Twelfth-tide, the twelfth day after Christmas, or Epiphany.
b The English people, who had made a spirited resistance to this illegal mode of
raising money in the time of Cardinal Wolsey, were now fain to submit and pay.
C Omitted in Nrs.
d Alderman Reed was taken prisoner by the Scots in the very first eng
l,gement,
and was made to pay a heavy ransom.
(J Alderman Roach, for protesting against the illegality of the benevolence, was
accused of using uncivil and seditious words to the Conunissioners
f When he purchased his liberty from the King.

152

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545. presented to the ICinges l\lajestie at Westminster, and the I\.:ingcs
l\Iajestie gave him and the aldermen great thankes for the bene-
volence to him by them given, and further desyred them to give
thankes to God for the victorye that his !Vlajestie had of his enemies
Victorie afore the Frenchmen lyinge at campe before Bulleine,a which was done
Bulleine of the Th d h h d 1 f H r. d
Frenchemens on urs ay, t e 5t aye of February, by t le Earle 0 artlor
campe. and IllY Lord Adrnirall, ,vhich had but 5,000 men against 14,000
Frenchmen, wherof a great nOlnber were slayne and taken, and the
rest put to flyght, and all theyre tentes, treasure, ordinance, and
vittles taken, and l\lonsier Ie Bees,b their captaine, sore hurt, and
hardly escaped; and after this, spoken by the I\.:inges ßlajesties
owne mouth, he made the Inayor a knight.
A false miracle This 8th dayallso, stoode at Pawles Crosse a preist, with a broad
fay
e t d by a stole of linen clúath, couloured with drops like bloud, about his
prCJs e.
necke, which ,vas given him in pennance, by my Lord Chauncellour
in the Starre Cham her, for fayninge and counterfeyting a miracle
that he woulde had [been] done whilest he ,vas at masse, and
pricked his finger, that the bloude dropped on the corporasse C
and aultcr, so that he woulde have lllade 11len beleve that the hoste
of the body of Christ, by him consecrated, had bledde, and allso he
quaveringe and shakinge at the tyme of consecration; all ,vhich he
openly declared at Pawles Crosse.
The 10th daye of February, the Comlllons \vere assernbled at
the Guyld Hall for choosinge a newe Burges of the Parliament in
the stead of Sir \Villiam Rooche, ,vhere was a writt read, that Sir
"Tilliam Roche should be put out for certeine causes by hinl done
touchinge the I\.:inge and his Crowne, he then beinge in prison in
the Fleete for the same; and that day was chosen for hilll Sir
,,\TilliaIn Forman, knight and alderman, for the next Parlialnent.
a The six-and-twentieth of January there camped on the west side of Boulogne,
beyond the haven, an anny of French to the number of 14,000, where they lay ten
days; and the sixth of February were put to flight by the Earl of Hertford and Sir
John Dudley, Lord Admiral, then being deputy of Boulogne.-Stow.
b Oudart du Biéz, :àiarshal of }""rance, and late Governor of Boulogne.
C Corporas was the old name of the corporale or communion-cloth.

'VIUOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

1.13

The 13th daye of February there stade on the pillory in Cheape A.D. 1545.
a preist for false accusinae a of certaine g ent. of the 'Vest P arte of A p]
ist set 011
t") .. . the pIllory and
England, and was burned on Ius rIght cheeke wIth n letter F, and hurned in both
on the left chceke with a letter A, and had written over his head cheekcs.
" for false accusation," which judgment was given hiln by my Lord
Chauncellour and the ICinges Counsaill in the Starre Charnber.
Allso this }I10neth ,vas one set on the pillorye in Cheape for
bringinge a Inayde to an Estcrlinges b chalnber, which the sayd person
had intysed [roln her mistres and conveyed her a\vay on Candlemas
Day in mas
e tyme, ,vhich judglncnt was given hiln by the mayor
and aldcnnen.
This yeare, in the b<.'gillningc of l\Iarch, was a rode made by
Englislunen into Seotland to,vard the to,vne of Gedyworth,C where
the Englislnllen at the first gatt great prayes; but they were so
greedy and ,vent so farre that a great army of Scots besett them
rounde about in 3 battles,ù so that the most part of tho Englislunen
were slayne and taken,e al110ngst whonl Sir Raufe Evers, Lord
Evers, Lord of the l\Jarches, ,vas slaino, and 1\11'. Rede, Aldol'll1an of :Mr. TIede,
London, t3ken prisoner by thB Scots; but a great nomber of Scots alderm:u?,
taken pn -:oner
,vere slayne. by the Scots.
This yeare, the 18th day of l\Iarch, one IIugh "reaver, a fi
h- A fishmonger
monger and servauntc by covenaunt with l
aufe Surbot, fislll11ongcr, whipped.
was whipped at a cartes arse about London, ,vith
paper set on his
head, for lnisusinge the rnayor at the stockes and strykinge his

n In this same rear Stow was in great danger by reason of a false accusation
given in against him by a priC'st; but the priest's }Jerjury, either against him 01
some other, :It length was discovered, and met with its due desert; the pricst
being adjudged in the Star Chamber to stand upon the piUory, and have his check
marked with F. ....\.. for fuIse accusing.-Life of Stow, by John Str} pe, prefixed to his
S urveJ of London, cd. 1754.
b The Easterlings were a company of merchants traùing to :North Germany mHI
the TI.tltic.
c The ancient parishes of Jcdworth and Old Jedworth now form part of Jedburgh.
d Battalions.
e At the battle of Ancrum :1\[001' on the Tcyiot.

CA3ID. :soC.

A.n. 1545.

[Anno Reg. 37.]
Lord Chauncellour

sonne christened.

Trinitie tcm'me
rejourned.

The Kinges letters
patents sent for
Ir.
.T nrvis, Alderman.

154

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

officer in the open lnarket when he was for his misbehaviour C0111-
lnaundpd to ,varde; and allso had after that longe prisonment in the
counter for the same.
This year, on St. Georges day,a 1545, Sir TholTIas V\Triothesley,
Lord ChauncellouT of England, \VfiS lnade ICnight of the Garter
at St. Jalnes by 'VestlTIinster, and the 1I10rrO\Ve, beinge St. l\1arkes
Even,b he had a sonne christned at St. Andrewes in Holborne
with great soleI11pnity, the ICinges l\1ajestie godfather; the ErIe
of Essex, deputye for the l{inge; the Duke of Suffolke the other
godfather; my Lady l\Iary c godmother at the christninge; and
the Earle of Arundell godfather at the bishopinge; d the nalne
IIenry.
This yeare, in l\laye, Trynity teanne ,vas adjourned because of
the warres; but the Exchequer and the Courte of the Tenths e were
kept open all the sayd tearme.
This yeare in Whitson,vceke the city of London set forth an 100
men to the seas by the ICinges COllllTIaundClnent toward his ,van'es,
,vhich ,vas delivered at Deptford Strond by Grenewich.
The 30 of l\laye, beinge Trinitye Sonday even, Sir Thon1as
Parson, one of the ICinges Privie Chalnber, brought to the l\1ayor
of London the }{.Ïnges ß1ajesties lettres pattents for the discharginge
1\11'. Richard Jarvis, mercer, for his alderITIanship and all other
offices of the citie; whereupon connsaill had by the lllayor and
aldennen they went on Corpus Christi Daye f to the JCinge to
Grene,vich, and there spake to his 1\laje
tie and his counsaill for the
saine lnatter. And after that howe the sayd Uichard Jarvis ,vas
instructed by the ICinges counsayll or other his freinds, he C
llne
againe to the Court of Aldermen the 3 of June, and so continued
alderman still; the citizens 111ervaylinge greatly that such a man 3.S
he was of landes and goo des would procure such a thinge to the
yll president of other.

Il April 23rd.
c Thc Princess
f
u y.
c Court of A ngmentation.

b April 2.1th.
d Confirmation.
f Thursday aftcr Trinity Sunday.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

155

The 8 day of June my Lord l\Iayor chose at the Grocers Hall A.D. 154:;.
1\lr. Barnes , aJderman, sheriffe for the next Y eare. A h sheri t fe th
c ose a e
The 12 day of June my Lord Chauncellor, the Earle of Essex, Grocers feast.
the Lord Great Chamberlaine, the Bishop of 'Vinchester, with other, The last
. 'I' f I I T. payment of
sat In the Guyld HallIn London for the last payment 0 tIe \.lnges the subsidie.
subsidye, ,vherc they charged the alderman of every ,varde \vith 2
other ,vith them to call afore thelll all such persons within thcir sayd
,vardes from 40l. up\vard as by their bookes of the last seassinge
appeared, declaringe to thC1ll the I(inges affayres nowe r.oncerninge
his ,van'es by the seas and allso by land with Scotland and Fraunce,
and that this last payuIcnt should be payd out of hand, and they
that ,vould not paye to make a note on theyr heades and to certifie
the same afore them againe the 10th day after, and allso that the
Hlony sbould be gathered and payd into the ICinges Exchequer by
the last day of this 1110neth, and to ehose 2 of theln that satt \vith
the aldennen in every ,yarde to be collectors, and Yll1llledyately to
gather the lllony out of hand.
The 13th daye of June were araigned in the Guyld Hall in Cert
inc
L d R L . . 1 B arrmgned on
on on one obert UkUIC, servaunt to SIr Ulnp Irey rowne, onc the sixe
of the Jüstices of the ICinges Bcnche, Anne Askewe,a gentlewolllan, articles.
other[ wise] called Anne ICeYlne, wyfe to one 1\lr. ICeynle, gent. of
Lincolneshire, and Joan Sawtery, wyfe to one John Sawtery of
London, which sa yd persons ,vere endyted for sacrfunentaries by the
Acte of the 6 Articles for certeine wordes by thC1ll spoken against the
sacran1ent ; L but after theyr examination no \vitnes appeared for the
\VOlnen but one against Lukine, which was 1\11'. Bro\vnes servaunt,
,vhich \vas supposed accused him rather of malice then other\vise ;
\vhereupon 12 honest and substantiall Inen of the citye of London
,vere charged, ,vhich founde all the sayd persons not guiltye of th
yr
ß Anne Askew was the second daughter of Sir 'VilIiam Askew, of Kelsey, in
l..illcolnshire; she was married at an early age, as is said, against her will, to
Kyme, a rich neighhour, who had originally courted her elder siE,ter.
I.J I3cing in London, Anne Askew not only spoke boldly against trallsubstantiation
nna other Popi:-;h dogma
, hut attempted to couvert several of the laùies about the
Court, gi ving them hooks awl traets.

A.D. 1545.

Provision for
w heate.

N oe watcbe.

Tern pest of
weather.

An nrmic out
of
"raunce.

156

'YHIOTIIESLEY'S' CHRONICLE.

endytcnlent; ,vherefor they were discharged and quitte paYlnge
theyr fees. a
Allso one Thonlas Daye, pewterer, ,vhic:h 3 yeares past had been
condelnpned for auricular confe
sion, and had ever since rernayned
in prison in Kewegate for the SaIne, was this daye discharged by the
J
ingcs generall pardon graunted by Actc of Parliament since the
tiIHe of his condelnpnation.
AIlso this 1110neth the l
inges 1\Iajestie sett forth newe prymers
in Englishe and all in Latine, which should be used thorough his
rcahnes and none other, as appeareth by his Injunctions set forth
\vithin the sayd prymcrs.
This yeare ,vas great dearth of corne and vi tualles, wherefore
provision ,vas Inade out of Danske and Brenlberland,b \vhich sayd
corne c
une to London this rnoneth to the nombre of 4,000 quarters,
,vherefore certeine SOlnes of l1lony ,vas leavyed of the COlnpanies of
the citye of LonJon, ,vhich the ChauJ berlaine of London was bound
to rep
ye againe at All H al10wtyde next cOll1minge.
1"his yefire, by reason the J{inge had tllre great armies, on the sea
one, another in Scotland, ánd the 3 d at Boloyne, there was no ,vatch
kept at 1\1idson11ner in London but with c,onstaLles in theyr \vardes.
AIlso, about the 2:> day of J nne, ,vas great telnpest of winde in
Derbieshire, ,vhere trees ,vere pulled up, the rootes upwarde, and
certeine chappelles and churches the heades C pulled up and broke,
and anso nlany how
es in divers places, and allso in Cheshire and
Lancashire; also there fell hay lstones as higge as a lnan's fyste, and
had printcs on them lyke fac.es and 80n1e lyke gunne holes.
Abou t the 5th day of J ulye the French J{inge sent a great arnlY
toward Bullcine, which cmnped thereby, and our Incn skinnished
dayly with them; but the 15th day of July, at a skirtllishe, there
,vas slayne above 400 Frenchmen and not one Englislunan.
This 1noneth the FrencluYlen beganne to buyld over against Base

a Tbis acquittal of .Anne Askew is not mcntioneù by Fox.
h I,all<1 about I3rc11lCIl.
C Prolmb]y a lUi
takc for" roof::;."

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

157

Bulleine a blockhouse Jykc "The olde lTIann," a with certeine bull- A.D. 1545.
warkes, and trenched yt about; which shott into Bulleyne, Base
BoUeine, and" The olde luan," but they did little hurte.
This moneth of Julye in the Citie of Paris, in Fraunce, was such A tempest in
a great telllpest of thundringe and lightninge that 4 of the cheife Paris.
churches in Paris ,vere set on fyre, and allso the great tower whcre
the French l{inges ordinaunce laye was broken downe; so that the
tClnpest ,vas so vehement and terrible that they there thought the
day of dOlne had bene come; anso at Ke,vehaven, in Brytaine,b at
the settinge forth of the Frenche ICinges llavie, his great caryke,
called Rumpye La Conte,C by misfortune of fyre ,vas burnte;
many lordes, ladyes, and gentlemen beinge in hir, with great
ordinance and substance and a n1Ïllion of goulde in hir, which ,vas
to have payd his men of warre their 'wages, was burnt and lost, and
noe creature saved.
The 18th day of J ulye, at 9 of the clocke at night, beganne a The Frenche
thunder and lightninge with sOlnetilne rayne, which continued all navie.
night till the next daye at 8 of the clocke in the morninge, and the
saIne day at afternoone all the Frenche ICinges navie CaIne out of
Newehaven and Deepe and aryved on the coast of England in
Sussex, afore Brighthelllstl'd,d which ,vere in nOlnber above 300
shippcs, besydes 24 galleyes that they had; and there they sett
certeine of theyr souldiers a land to burne; but the beacons were
fyred, and the Inen of the country came downe so thicke that the
French men fled and did !itle hurte.
The 19 day of J ulye, by misfortune of shootinge a gonne in one of
fen hurnte in
the Hedgho g es e afore 'V cstminster, a firken of gonnepo,vder f y red h the
edg-

ogoes.
,vhich sle,ve 3 persons out of hande, 4 other sore burnt which shortly
after dyed, and another leapt into the Thanles and was drowned.
a The Old l\fan was a tower standing without the town, which served as a land.
mark to (lireet vessels entering the haven of Boulogne.
h Havre-de-Grace in Normandy.
c Du Bellay (l\Iémoires, ed. Petitot, vol. iii. p. 5G3) calls it "Ie Carraquon," but
thi
appears to mean only" the great carrack."
" Brighton. e 'fo which ::;tow adds the cÀplanatioll, " a ship. "

158

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICT.E.

A.D. 1545. rrhe 20th daye of July the l\Iary Rose, one of the I\:inges great
R The J\ ù lary Ù shippes, by great misfortune by leavin g e the porte holdes open, as
ose rOWlle.
she turned sanke,a and all the lnen that were in her, savinge a 40.
""ere drowned, which were above 500 persons; Sir George Carowe,b
knight, captaine, which was drowned; this ,vas done before Portes-
mouth haven. C
J!-'renche men The 21 day of July the Frenche galleys and navie came before
lall(lccl a
the PorteslTIouth haven and landed certeine of thevr ann y e in the Ylc
Yle of W vght. ' .-
"' of 'V yght, and there burned and camped there about to the nomber
of 2,000 Inen, and caBle every tyde with theyI' gallics and shott
theyI' ordinaunce at the l{inges ships in the haven; d but the winde
was so (
alnle that the Kinges shippes could bear noe sayle, which
was a great discomfort for them.
Au army out The 24 day of Julye the Citye of London sent 1,500 men toward

o

t

Portsmouth, which mustred in St. Georges Feelde, the Under
Chalnberlaine and the Sword-bearer havinge the conduction of
then) all; with allso to assist thelll an honest citizen was appointed
for every warde ti.ll they can1e to PorteslTIouth; but when they
were COllle to Farnaln they were returned hOlne againe by the
J{inges commaundement, for the Frenchmen ,vere gone out of the
TIe of vVyght,e and divers of them slaine and drowned. f

a The French said that they had sunk her by their fire, the English that she had
gone down through great negligence, Leing overladen with ordnance, and having
her p,)rts very low. ..
b Sir George Carew was a naval captain, councillor of Calais, and lieutcnant of
RnisLank.
c .A flect of sixty ships of war was collected at Portsmouth under the flag of
Dudley Lord Lisle, High Admiral.
d Lisle, after a distant cannonading, retired into Portsmouth Harbour, where the
King then WfiS.
c After holding a council of war the French admiral, Annebaut, determined to
defer the conquest of the Isle of 'Vight, as originally intended, and sailed away
towards Dover, landing occasionally to Lurn and destroy.
f In several instances, as at Newhavell, the Frenchmen got worse than they gave,
being soon driven away, with the loss of thcir (.aptaill and many soldi<,rs, l,y the
inbabitants.

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

159

For the settinge forth of the sayd souldiers there was levyed of A.D. 1545.
the citizens in ever y warde certeine sommes of mon y after the rate Souldiers
mony.
of a 15th, which the alderman of every ward payd out of hand, and ..
after gathered again
of theyI' wardes, and every souldier had payd
hiin at his setting forth in many 38., and a
Farnain returninge to
London againe 28. more to bringe them home.
This moneth of July ,vere divers billes cast in the streates in Billes in the
L d Ù . d I f 1 d 1 . . h f streates
on on uecte to t le lna yor 0 t le saIne, ec annge In t eln 0 .
eerteine preistes and straungers that \vould fyre the citye in divers
places, which billes the mayor shewed to the IG.nges Counsaill.
The last daye of J ulye, by the advice of the I\"inges Counsaill, For watche
1 1\1 f L d ld L' k . andstraungers.
t le ayor 0 'on on sent preceptes to every a ennan lor eeplnge
a substantiall watche in every warde with honest househoulders,
and that in every warde every night one of the substantiall lTIen of
the saIne warde should watche with the constable, beginninge at

J of the clocke at night and continue till 4 of the clock in the
Inorninge; allso to search all straungers houses, as ,veIl deni
ons
as not denisons, and to take froin them all sllch harneis and other
In unitions of wan.e as they had in theyr houses, and to keepe then1
till such tyme as they had commaundement to deliver them againe;
allso that noe straunger should goe out of his house after 8 of the
clocke at night till 6 in the lnorninge, nor that they should not
cOlnpany togither in the daye tilne in drinkinge at any alehouse or
taverne; and all so to take the naInes of all straungers in every warde,
and such as resorted to then1, and to eertifye their naInes and such
armour as they had to the lTIa.yor 'with all hast possible, and, for
to see this watch \vell ordereù and kepte, two aldennen or theyr
deputies should ryde about the citie every night tilll\Iichaellmas,
the mayor beginninge hiinselfe, which beganne this saIne night.
The 4th day of August the citie of London sent a 1,000 soulJiers,
of gonners, bo,vemen, morris pykes, and billes, which mustered in
Finsbery feilJ., and there had every Inan a ne,ve ,vhite coate, and
so ,vent from thcnse to Tower wharfe, where they toke barges to
Gravesende, anù to goe from thence to Dover. The Sworde-bearer

A.D. 1545.

Lord Poyn-
inges death.

Duke of Suf-
folk{'s lleathe.

Frenchemen
k('pinge the

eas.

Trayport
bunlt by
the I
ord
Admirall.

160

1VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICI
E.

and \Villial11 \Vever to have the conducting of them thither, and
everie man had paid him for his conduct money to Dover tow
shillinges six pence in money, and \vhen they came there to enter
into the l{inges wages, which money ,vas delivered to the Chamber-
laine of London by the l{inges Treasorer, and also 48. for everie
cote.
This month of August a died at Bolleyne the valiant Captaine
Sir Thomas Poyninges, Lord Poyninges and Captaine of Bolleyne,
which had donne lnany great feates of anneS against the Frenclllnen,
for \vhose death great lnone was lnade.
This rnoneth also died at Gilford the excelent Prince Charles
Brandon,b Duke of Suffolke and Lord Great
laster of the ICinges
Househould, whose death all true Englishmen Inaie greatlie lament,
which had been so valiant a captaine in the l\:inges warres, booth
in Scotland, Fraunce, and Irelande, to the great dammage and
losse of the I\."inges enelnies, whose bodie was honorably buried at
\Vindsor at the I{inges costes.
This yeare, fro In the eightenth daie of Julie till the 23 th daie of
August, the French l{inges navie and galleies rowed upp and downe
the Narro,v Seas, so that no passage [boat] can1e from Bulleyne and
Callis but by stelth in the night,C for the weether was so calme that
their was no '''ynde blowing; but at their retorning home the ICinges
navie mett with them, and had great shott of gonnes one against
another, with little hurte on either part.
The nynetenth daie of September Sir John Dudley. knight,
I
ord Lislee, Lord Adlnirall of Englande, landed ,vith six thousand
nlen at Trayport, in Bryttaine,d and their brent the to,vne and

a On the 18th August, 1545.
b The Duke of Suffolk, who was brother in-la-\v of Hcnry VIII., having married
1Iary, the King's sister, anù dowager of I..ouis XU., died on the 22nd .August, 1545.
C It was the oLject of the French admiral, having temporarily ohtained the
command of the Challncl, to prevent the Engli
h from victualling TIoulogne, or from
sending reinforcements of ships from the Thames to Portsmouth.
d Tréport in N ormancly.

WRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

161

abbey with certaine howses about it, and thirtie shippes, and a barke A.D. 1545
that laic in the haven, \vith losse of 14 Englishmen, and so retorned
into England againe to the great discompfort of the Frenchlnen.
The 12th daie of September, about fower of the clocke in the St. Giles
. I h '" . d churche burnt.
morninge, tIe c urch of St. GIles wIthout Cnplegate was esple on
fire, which church, ,vith the steple and bells, was cleene burned
before seaven of the clocke in the same nlorning, the stone walles
onelie saved, which could not burne; by what meanes no man could
tell.
The 24th daie of Septelnber there ,vas a solemnpe generall pro- A solem 11 Pne
. k . . . genera
ceSSIon ept at Po,vles wIth a sermon, the blshoppe of London In procession.
his pontificalibus singing Te Deum, and after the procession, with
all the priestes and clarkes going in rytch copes, and 70 cro
ses of
silver gilt of the parishes of the cittie borne before theIn, which pro.
cession ,vas geaven to give laude and prayse to God for the victorie
that God had sent the I\:inges l\Iajestie in Seotland, and that the
French armie was departed from Bolleyne.
This yeare Sir John Allein, knight, died, which had bene tow A coller of
. f h .. f L 1 d h .. h goldc gea ven
tymes major a 0 t e clttle 0 onc on, an gave to t e cIttIe, to t e to the cittie.
use of the major for eaveI', a rytch coller of gold to be [ worn] yearelie
at his anyversarie, ,vhich collar Sir 'Villiam Laxston, major, ware
first on Sainct Edwardes daie to the election of the ne"v Inajor.
The eightenth of October, being Sainct Lukes daie and Soun- Procession in
d . P I . I .. E 1 . h b I I T' Englishe.
ale, au es qUIre song tIe procesSIon In ng IS y t lel..lnges
injunction, ,vhich shall be song in everie parish church throughout
Englande everie Soundaie and festivall daie, and non other.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 37.
This yeare Sir John Bald win, knight, Cheiffe Justice of the
C01nmon Place, died in Octobre last; and the tenth of November
Sir Edward l\lontague, Cheiffe Justice of the l{inges Bench,
,vas removed from that court and sworne Cheiffe Justice of the
CoronIon Place; and Sir Richard Listre, Lord Cheiffe Baron of
a In the years 1525 and 1535.
y

CAl\ID. SOC.

162

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545-6. the Exchequer, was l'nade serjeant at the lawe by writt, and
pleaded in \Vestlninster Hall in all the courtes with the serjeantes
that daie, they being all in their robes of scarlett; and the tenth
daie he was sworne Cheiffe Justice of the I\:inges Bench; and the
11 th daie Sir Roger Cholmeley, knight, and Recorder of London,
was sworne Lord Cheiffe Baron of the Exchequer.
A new The twelfe daie of 1\ovember 1\11'. Robert Brooke, late commen
Uecorder in
London. sergeante of the cittie of London, was sworne Recorder, and 1\11'.
Thomas Atkins, gentleman, was s"vorne COllllnen sergeant.
The sevententh daie of Novembre Sir Richard Gressaln, knight,
and
Ir. Robert Brooke, were chosen knightes of the shire for the
PerlialTIent for the cittie of London.
The Perlialnent beganne at vVestlninster the 23 th daie of
Novelnber. a
At this Perliament waf:! granted to the I\:inges
lajestie a
subseidie of the spiritual tie of six shillinges the pounde, to be paid
in to,v yeares, and another subsedie of the teinperaltie, as faces b in
the booke of statu tes.
This yeare, at a eOlnmen councell holden at the Guildhal1, was
granted tow fiftenthes of the citizens to bring the water froin
Hackney and Finesburie Fieldes into the cittie, which my lord
Inajor lnade great haste to sett it forward.
[A.D. 1546.] The 13th daie of Februarie was arraigned at the Guildhall, in the
A W d oman d f afternoune, one Johan Edling, wiflè of John Edling, purveyor for
con empne 0
treasou. the I\:inges oxen, d"velling in Smithfield, for clypping of goulde,
and their had judgment to be dra,ven and brente; and the t'wentie-
sixth daie of Februarie she was ledd from the Towre of London to
Smythfield, and their bound to the stake to be brent. But then

A perliament.

A subsidie.

For the
conduites.

a The 2:1th of November began a Parliament wherein was granted to the King a
subsidy of 28. 8d. in the pound of goods and 48. of land. Also all colleges,
chantries, and hospitals, were committed to the King's order to alter and transpose,
whic.h he promised to do to the glory of God and the common profit of the realm.--
Stow.
b appears.

'VRI0THESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

163

came one of Iny Lord Chauncelors gentlemen riding post) and A.D. 1546.
brought her pardon, and so she 'was saved.
This yeare, in ApTill, three alJermen, that is to say, 1\11'. John [Anno Reg. 38.]
Sadler, draper, 1\11'. Tholnas Lewyn, ironlnonaer, and 1\11'. Richard Aldermen gave upp
. 0 ther cloakes.
Reede, salter, gave upp theIr clokes a by the assent of my lord
Inajor and his brethren, ,vhich were discharged frelie without
paying any fine to the cittie.
The yeare, at Enster, the ste,ves b was putt downe by the l{inges The stewes putt
1 . d 1 . h d 1 ld downe.
proc amatIon lna e t lere wlt a trumpett an an laro at arnles, as
apearcth by the same proclaInation.
This yeare, in l\Iaie, the I(inges shipps toke one of the French
galleis ,vith great riches in her.
This yeare all manner of victualls was deere and at high prices, Provision for corne.
and wheate ,vas solde at 2is. and 28s. the quarter, wherfore my
Lord l\lajor,C fearing great penurie, Inade provision of corne froln
beyond seas
which corne came to London in June. And also the
I(inge charged the cittie to take twentie thousand quarters of
wheate and rye, which he had provided for his ,varres beyonde the
seas; wherfore lny lord major was faine to levie great SOlnlnes of
money of the company of the said cittie for the paYlnent of the sanIe:
and also to restraine meale and corne froln the said cittie tiìl they
had uttred it, and sett all the lnills, 7 en miles compasse about
London, to grinde the same.
This yeare, the 13th daie of fT une, being "T"hitsoundaie, was a A peace with France
solempne peace proclaymed within the cittie of London, d with proclaymed.
other ceremonies as hereafter followeth; first, my lord major with
his brethren the aldermen asseln bled in the cathedrall church of
Paulés, with all the citizens in their best Iyveries; and, the high
masse being ended, there was a sermon Inade in the upper quire,

II. Or gowns.
/:) The stewes on the Lanke side of the Thames, in Southwark.-Stow.
c Sir l\Iartin Bowes.
d Ry this treaty Henry agreed to restore to the French King the town of Boulogne
npon payment of 800,000 crowns within the next eight years.

A.D. 1546.

The order of
the proclama-
tion.

164

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

afore the highe aulter, exhorting the people to give laud and prayse
to Almightie God for the contynuance of the same peace. The
sermon ended, Te Deum was songen within the quire, the bishopp
in his pontificalibus, with my lord major sitting in the deanes
stall, and the bishopp next hilu. Then a solelnpne procession, with
all their crosses and banners, of all the parish churches in London;
the children of Paules schoule going fornlost with to\V crosses
afore them, then all the other crosses following theim. Then the
clarkes of the parishes in rytch robes, all the priestes and curattes
following them in rych copes also. Then the quire with their
crosses and copes. Then the quire of Paules ,vith their crosses and
copes, the bishopp of London a bearing the sacrament of the alter
under a rych canopie, bareheaded, his crosse and miter borne afore
hilu, with fower great branches of waxe and tow torches, going
about the sacrament,b Iny lord luajor and his brethren the alder-
men, ,vith their craftes of the cittie, followinge. The procession
waie C out at the north dore of Paules into Cheepe, by Sainct
l\1ichaells at the Querne,d on the north side of Cheepe, and so by
Stolkes e and Cornehill, on the salue side of London, to Leadenhall
corner, and so homewarde, on the south side, throughe Cheepe, and
then through Paules churchyarde, and comming in againe at the
west dore of Paules church.
First assembled at Saint 1\Iagnus in Fish Streate the haroldes and
sherives of London, where was made the first proclamation/ then
fower trumpettes riding in trump cowpIes, to,v haroldes next in
a Edmond Bonner.
b This was the last show of the rich crosses and copes in London, for shortly after
they, with other the church plate, were called into the King's treasury anù wardrobe.
-Stow.
e Probably a clerical error for" went."
d The church of St. l\Iichael's Ie Querne, in Cheapsiùe, where the corn-market
was held, hence the church was called St. 1\1ichael's ad bladum, or at the corn,
" querne " signifying both " corn" and" mill."
e The Stokes or Stocks market was situated at the junction of Lombard Street and
CornhiIl, on the site of the present l\1:ansion House.
r Of the peace concluded with France.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

165

their cote armors, the serjeant.at-armes of the cittie riding bet,vene A.D. 1546.
them with his masse. Then Wyndsor, an harold, in his cote armor
following alone. Then Norrey and Clarentius a Kinges-at-Armes,
in their rych cotes of armes foHowing; then the tow shrives in their
scarlett gownes with white roddes in their handes follo,ving; and
so rode in order to Leadenhall corner, where was made the second
pro(
lamation; and so from thence through Cornehill into Cheep beyond
the Crosse, whel'e was made the third proclamation before my lord
major and his brethren; the procession
tanding still till the procla..
mation was made their. Then throughe Poules churchyeard, and
out of Ludgate to the conduite in Fleete Streete, and their proclaYllled
last; Norrey l{inge-at-Armes reding the proclaillation, and Rach b
Dragon the harold proclayming, a trumpett. blowing first three
tymes, and after proclamation all the trumpettes blowing in everie
place, and so made an ende.
This night also was great fiars made in London in everie streete,
with banquetinge, and a great fiar made afore IllY lorde mayors C gate,
,vhere he had sett a hogshed of ,vyne and another of spruce beare
with spice breade, with great pottes, one bottle of silver, and all
gil t of great wight, for all comlners by to drinke as long as it
lasted.
The fowertenth daie of June, being 'Vhitsonn l\loundaie, dynned A sherife
at my lord majors the capteyne d of the fortresse by Bulleyne, with f

aj
r
Y
other captaines of the French l{inges, w her they had a great and
sumptuous dynner, my Lord Cheiffe Baron and divers aldennen and
their wives, after the ould custolne of this cittie at such highe feastes,
being their at dynner also; and, to shewe the said captaine some
awthoritie of the major of London, n1Y lord major did electe and
chose that daie when he was at waffers and ipocras
lr. Richard

a Or Clarencieux, so named from this herald being attached to the Duke of
Clarence in the reign of Edward IV.
b Rouge Dragon.
e Sir
Iartin Bowes.
d Oudart de Biez, l\Ial'shal of France, and late Governor of Boulogne.

166

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 154(>' Jervis, lnercer and alderman, for one of the sherives of London for
the next yeare followinge, taking a cuppe of ipocras in his hande,
and bringinge a his good lucke for one of the sherives which was
[at] b the borde present and his wyffe also; which thing donne, the
said captaine said he ,'Voold not for five hundred crownes but he
had seene the said order, thankinge hartelie my lord major for his
great cheere and pleasure he had shewed him.
A prettie order This yeare the watch was laid do\vne by a court of aldermen for
on IVIidsommer b I d . d 1\ l ' d E d " S .
Eayen at eaveI', ut Iny or maJor 1'0 e on JJ 1 sOlnmer ven" an C aInct
night. Peeters, having an hundred conståbles going before him well
apparayled, with their hensemen and cressett ljghtes, all my lord
majors officers and servantes in cassackes and jerkins of yello,v
satten of Bruges, the three squires in yell owe damaske, the swerde
bearer riding in a cassocke of yellow velvett with a great chaine,
and Iny lordes footelnen in doblettes and sloppes of yellowe veIl vett,
with his armes elTI brodered on their breastes and backes, the to\V
sherives and their officers follow"inge lIlY lord major, and after theln
fortie constables more with their cressitt lightes, which was a proper
sight, and all at the Inajors owne charges, saving the constables
lightes.
A contri
ution This yeare the I\:inges l\lajestie, by reason of the great charges
to the Kmge. of his warres that he had \vith France and Scotlande, \vith his new
buildinges at Bulleyne and other fortresses, he delnanded and
gathered a contribution of his subjects through all his reahne of
Englande, that is to saie, of everie parson being in goo des of the
value of 15l. and upward, 2d. of the pounde, and of landes from fortie
shillinges upward, 4d. of the pound, to be paid at the end of everie
moneth during five Inonthes, the first payment to begine and be
paid by the last daie of June next, and so fourth everie Inonth tin
the first daie of N ovem bel' next comlninge.
The twentie-seaventh daie of June Dr. Crome preached at Paules

a Probably a clerical error for" drinking."
b Omitted in MS.
C Probably a clerical error for " to."

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

167

Crosse, and their recanted upon certaine articles that he had sett to A.D. 1546.
his hand the 20th of Aprilliast past, and should have recanted at a
sermon that he made at Paules Crosse the nynth daie of l\Iaie,
which was the Soundaie next after Lowe Soundaie, and did not;
wherupon he "vas examyned before the J{inges Counsell, and
remayned ever synce in warde with one of the I{inges Councell till
this daie that he recanted and confessed that he had sett his hand to
the said articles. At ,vhich sermon was present Lord vV riothesley,
Lord Chauncelor of Englande, Duke of N orfolke, Lord Great
l\Iaster of the J\:inges howseholde, with divers other of th
J{inges
Councell, with the major and aldennen, and a great awdience of
people, and after his sermon he was discharged.
'fhis l)octor Crome, after his con1Ïtting, while he was in warde at
Greenewych, in the court, under my Lord Chauncelor, accused
divers persons as well of the court as of the cittie, with. other
persons in the countrey, which putt In any persons to great troble,
and
ome suffred death after.
Also this month, after the peace, the J{inges l\lajestie christened Th
lUnge
1 D I 1 . h . ld S . TI Cl k . h d L d chn
teneth the
t le 0 p nns c Ie ; If lomas leney, nlg t, an or e Dolphines
'Varden of the Five Portes, being the JCinges debitey at the christ- chielde.
ning, which rode into France with a goodlie company, and was
there highlie receaved of the French J{inge.
The eightenth daie of June, 1546, were arraigned at the Guilde Certaine
Hall, for heresee, Doctor Nicholas Shaxston, sometyrne bishop of
:
:

ed for
Salisburie; Nicholas 'Vhite, of London, gentleman; Anne JCeme, heresie.
alias Anne Askewe, gentlewoman, and wiffe of Thomas JCemc,
gentleman, of Lyncolneshire; and John Hadlam,a of Essex, taylor;
and were this daie first indited of heresie and after arraygned on the
same, and their confessed their heresies against the sacrament of the
alter without any triall of a jurie, and so had judgment to be brent. b
Theisc persons being justices, Sir l\lartin Bowes, knight, lord major
a Other authorities call him J 0111 Adlams or Adams.
b Fur asserting their disbelief of the corporeal presence.

A.D. 1546.

Proclamation
for bookes.

168

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

of London, the Duke of Norfolke, the Lord Great l\Iaster,a the
Bishopp of London, Doctor Heath, Bishopp of \V orcestre, the tow
Cheiffe Justices of the ICinges Bench and Cornen Plaee, the Lord
Cheiffe Baron of the Exchequer, the l\laster of the Rolls, the
Recorder of London, the Bishopp of Londons Archdeacon, Chaun-
eel or, and Commissarie, and after judgement they were had to the
prison of Newgate.
The morrow after, being the nynetenth daie of June, Doctor
Shaxston b and Nicholas \Vhite, by the good exhortation and doctrine
of the bishopps of London anù \V orcestre and divers other doctors,
theise tow persons were converted from their heresie of the sacra-
ment of the alter unto the true belief of the said sacrament; but
Anne Askewe, alias ICeme, was had to the Towre of London and
their sett on the racke,c where she was sore tonnented, but she would
not converte for all the paine. d
The seventh daie of Julie was proclamation made in the cittie of
London with a tromp
tt and an harold-at-armes, ,vith the serjeant-
at-armes of the cittie and one of the clarkes of the Papers, for
certaine Englishe bookes which containe pernitious and detestable
errors and heresies to be brought in by the last daie of August next
coming, the names be theise: the text of the New Testalnent of
Tindales or Coverdales translation: the bookes of Frith,e Tindalle/

a Of the King's household.
b He had borne the most wretched captivity and poverty, but he could not face
the stake.
C Torture, having been again introduced into English judicature, it was now almost
invariably applied to extort confession.
d She was tortured in the presence of the Chancellor W riothesley and of Rich,
both of whom are said to have applied their own hands to the infernal instrument,
but without effect.
e John Frith, burnt in 1534 for his opinions on transubstantiation, and for his
book against the doctrine of purgatory.
f 'Villiam Tyndale, who printeù the first English translation of the New Testament
at Antwerp in 152(;.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

169

'Vyckliffe, Joy,a ROy,b Basiley,C Barnes,d Coverdale,c Tourner/ and A.D. 15-16.
Tracye, which bookes after the bringinge unto the major or bishopp
shal be brent, as further by the said proclamation doeth appeare.
The twelfe daie of Julie were arraigned at the Guildhall for Certaine
heresey, John Hemley, priest, de Essex, John Lasell,g gentleman,

:
;
ed for
one of the sewers of the I\:inges chamber, and Georg BIage, gentle- heresie.
man, a man of faire landes, \v hich said persons that daie \vere first
endited of heresie against the sacralnent of the aulter, and Ylnediatlic
arraygned on the saIne, the priest and Lasceles not denying the
same their opinions but confessing theln guiltie; and 1\11'. BIage
abode the triall of twelve lnen, for he was sent for to my Lord
Chauncelors but the night before, and this daie sent to Newgate
not halfe an howre or he was brought to the hall, nor knew not
wherfore he ,vas taken, for he was never examyned before he can1e
to his arraignemente, where was \vitnes against hiln Sir Hugh
Calveley, knight, and Edward Littleton, gentleman, who accused
him for wordes spoken against the sacrament of the alter in Powles
Church the Soundaie next after Lowe Soundaie, which daie Doctor
Crolne preached at Poules Crosse, and so was condempned by twelve
lnen, and all three had judgment to be brent, and after judgment
geaven they were cOlnlnanded to K e\vgate; and this night Anne
Askew ,vas brought by water from the Towre to Blackefriars, and
from thence caried in a chaire to N e,vgate by the sheriffes officers.
The sixtenth of Julie was brent in Slnythfielde John Lassells, Heretikc

gent., Anne I\:eme, alias Askewe, gentlewolnan, John IIelnley, brent.

a George J ore.
b A satirist of 'Volsey.
C Probably this refers to the" Answer that the Preachers of the Gospel at Basel
made for the True Administration of the Holy Supper," translated by Geo.
Bancrofte.
d Dr. Barnes.
e l\Hles Covcrdale, who completed the first English version of the Bible.
r Probably "\Villiam Turner, who wrote "A Preservative or Triacle against the
poison of Pelagius." There was also Cyril Tourneur, but he was a dramatic ,,,riteI'.
g John Laseelles.

CA::\ID. SOC.

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170

'YRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546. priest, and John I-Iadlalll, taylor, which fo\ver persons were before
condempned by the ICinges la'wes of heresie against the sacrament
of the alter; and there ,vas present at the execution my lord Inajor,
Jny Lord Chauncelor of England, the Duke .of K orfolke, with the
most part of the lordes, noblemen, and the ICinges Councell, with
the aldennen of the cittie of London; and by the ICinges cOlnmande-
ment Doctor Shaxston, afore conden1pned as theise persons were,
preached there in Slnythfield, declaring his error that he had bene
in of the said sacramente, and after his reconciliation had the
I{inges pardon; but theise fower persons died in their said erronious
opynions. l\laister BIage, 'Vhite, and Shaxston had their pardons
of the ICinges Thlajestie for landes, liffe, and goodes.
Shaxston The first daie of August, the daie for the election of the sheriffes,
Þ::l

e
r

se. and being Soundaie, Doctor Shaxston preached at Poules Crosse,
and their declared how he fell into the hereticall opinion of the
sacrament of the auIter, and of his reconciliation, which he declared
with ,veepinge eies, exhorting the people to be,vare by hi!n, and
to abolish such hereticall bookes of English, which was the occasion
of his fall. And because l
e preacherl. that daie at the Crosse the
elec
ion of the sheriffc was putt of till afternoune of the saIne
daie.
This said daie in the aftcrnoune the major, aldenl1en, and
commons asselnbled at guild-hall for the election of the sherifl"e,
and before the election by the court of alde1'lnen Thoinas l\lalbie,
fishlllonger, for seditious 'wordes speaking to lny lord 111ajor, ,vas
dismissed of his lyverey, and hood taken from hiln in the councell
chamber, and further was bounde in recognisance in Ì\ventie poundes
to appere at the next court of aldermen, and to stand and obey all
such order for his disobedience as my lord inajor and his brethren
should awarde.
The election Also at a certaine councell holden the same afternoune, by the
of the lord
major altered assent of my lord Inajor and aldermen with the commen councelI,
to Michaelmas the election of the Inajor was altered from Sainct Edwal'lles daie a
day.

a Octoher IRth.

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHUONICLE.

171

to the daic of Sainct l\liehaell the Arkangell, and so from hens- A.D. 154G.
forwarde the said election to be the san1e daie, the Inajor and
aldermen to dyne that daie váth the olde sherive, ,vhich shall
save the Inajor fortie poundes in expences that he was won
e to
spend on the said daie of Sainct Edwarde.
Allso the said afternoune was elect and chosen for sherivc 1\11'.
Richard Jervis, alderman and mercer, whon1e Iny lord Inajor had
chosen, according to the old auncient custoIne, for one of the
sherives, ,vhich the COlnmons aflin-ned, and they chose for to be
associate ,vith him 1\11'. Thomas Curteise, pewterer, which said
election the said Th01nas Curteise refused, declaring his inhabilitie
of substance, by his othe which he would have taken the said tyme,
but wold not be accepted, Lut had daie geven him to be further
advised; wherupon he was divers tYlnes sent for to my lord majors,
and also afore the court of aldermen, but he would in no wise assent,
and so contynued till l\Iichaelmas even
on which daie the sheriffes
take their othe at the Guildhall; wherfore all the coml11ons were
a
sembled, and then he was called fourth to take his oth, the commons
still calling upon hiln, so that at the last 'with an evill will he tooke
his oth, and 50 was sheriffe, and he kept it in his owne howse, and
would not paint his ho\vse nor chang it, saving the lTIOITO\Ve after
1\1ichaehnas daie that he was charged in the Exchequer at 'Vest-
minster to keepe his dynner at the Pewterers Hall.
This yeare, the eight daie of August, the Lord Adlnirall of The comminge
France a caIne to Rone band P re l )ared his shi pp s and g alleis to of
lonsieur
, Denybowte,
COlne elllbassadour from the French I\:inge into Englande, and HighAdmirall
the twentith daie of .A.ugnst the said Adlnirall came to Greenewych, of :France.
with the Great Zacharie of Deepe and 14 galleies c richlie hanged
and laded with ordenance, and sett with pennons and banners of
divers colors, not one galley like another, the l\:inges shipps lying

a Clawle d'Annebaut, the French Admiral. lie was Governor of Normandy and
::\Iarshal of .France.
b Rouen.
c The Hacre of J)jeppe amI 12 gallcy::;.-btow.

172

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. ]546. from Gravesend to Detford, by Greenwych, richlie decked with
streamers and banners, which shott great and terrible shottes of
gonnes all the waie till he landed at Greenewych, and his galleies
shott also with the Zacharie great gonne shotts all the waie; the
Erles of Darbie and Essex, ,vith divers other lordes and gentlemen,
receaving hilTI on the water at Blackewall into the ICinges new
privie barge, with trompettes blowinge on booth sides, and so
brought him to the l{inges place at Greenewych that night, which
was rychlie hanged, and there had banqueting for him and all his
lordes and gentlelnen that night.
Hisreceavinge The 2}th daie of AuO'ust he came froln Greenewych to London
into London. b d d . d . L.) h . II d 1 d f 1
Y water, an Ine In IS o,vne ga ey, an an ed at 11 0 t le
clocke in the forenoune at the Towre ,vharfe, and had great gonne
shott of the I(inges shipps, and at cvcrie wharfe to the Towre, and
then the Towre shott such terrible shott as heaven and earth should
have gl)nne togeether, and, after the shott, he rode from the Towre
uppe 1\Iarke Lane, and all the high streates of London, accompanied
,vith the Erle of Essex and other noble lordes, knightes, and gentle-
luen, till he came at the conduite at Sainct l\iichaells in the querne,8
where Iny lord luajor and all the a.1dennen stoode, and their he had
an oration made hiln by Doctor Pansgrove in French for his welcolne
in the name of my lord majoL' and the aldennen, and so from
thence to the bishopps pallace by Powles, where he laie,b and aU
the craftes in London stoode in the streetes in their best lyveries
frOln 1\Iarke Lane to the little conduite where my lord Inajor stoode;
A. gifte geaven and that afternoune my lord major presented him with fo,vre great
ðl:i

the flagons of ypocras, tow all gilt, and tow all silver, sixe J\Inrch
payilles, c 2 great boxes waffers, 4 dosen staffe torches, and six

a St. l\Iichael's le Querne, now united with St. Vedast, Foster Lane.
b He lodged two nights at the Bishop of London's palace, and then rode to
Hampton Court, where the King lay.-Stow.
c A confection or cake made with very little flour and a great quantity of
fllherts, .almonds, &c. It was a constant article in the desserts of our ancestors.-
See Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 295.

'VRTOTHESLEY'S CHRONICI.JE.

173

dosen prickettes a of waxe, all ,vhich ,vas geaven him of the citties A.D. 1546.
charge, which he thanckefullie receaved.
The twentie-third daie of August he rode to Hampton Court, His receavinge
and, when he came three Iniles on this side, my Lord Princes Grace,b

:re

d
with divers lordes and gentlemen in velvett cotes on horsebacke, Grace.
and also a thousand horse of yeomen all in new lyveries, stoode in
aray, he riding throughe till he carne to Iny Lord Princes Grace,
which ,vhen he see him preased forth and mett him with great
salutation, and so brought hiln to Hampton Court, IllY Lord
Admirall bringing him to his chamber.
The 24th daie of August he was brought to the I\:inges presence,c Hiscomingeto
and dyn
ed that daie at the ICinges bord, and so remayned in the t
:s

es
court, ,vith banqueting and huntinge, and rich maskes everie night p
with the Queene and ladies, with dauncinge in tow new banqueting
howscs, which were richlie hanged, and had rych cubbordes of gold
plate all gild, and sett with rych stones and perles, which shone
rychlie; and the twentie-eight daie he tooke his leve of the ICing
and the Queene, and so Calì1e to London againe; and the twentie His departinge
nynth daie he tooke his galleies at the Towre and so departed, and

f

shim
o
he had geaven him at his departinge a ryeh cubbard of plate all and other.
gold to the vale we of to,v thousand Inarkes,d and six cubbardes of
gilt plate geven to other great lordes that came with him, with
divers other great guiftes booth of the I\:ing and other noblemen,
and had all their charges ùorne at the I\:inges cost while they laie
there.
This yeare, in the moneth of Julie, was a campe foughten in A campe
France before the French I\:in g , betweene tow stran g ers that were b t etwene t<?w
s rangers In
in the l{inges service at Bulleyne, the one going from the I\:inges France.
CttInpe to l\luttrell; e and after the peace, Julian, an Italian, ,vhich
n 'Vax tapers.
b Prince Edward, who has not been mentioned before as appearing in public.
C 'Vho welcomed him, and in great triumph went to the chapel, where the King
received his oath to perform the articles of the league. I omit to speak of huntings
and banquetings, which were wOllllerful.-
tow.
d To the value of ] ,2CO pounds. (> l\Iolltreuil in l'icanly.

A.D. 1546.

Death of Sir
Henrie
Knevett in
}"'rance.

:My Lord
Admirall
goinge into
France.

A tempest at
l\facline, in
Brabant.

174

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

was the ICinges servant still at Bulleyne, mett 'with the other that
was at l\Iuttrell, and called him tra)'tor, because he went from the
ICinges service, wherupon he cast his glove to wage him battell
before the French ICinge according to the la\ve of arlnes, which
calnpe at a daie apoynted this n10nth was foughten before the
French ICing in the listes, the ICinges l\lajestie sending Sir lIenrie
ICnevett to see the battell for the ICinges chaIn pion, \vhich said
champion was in the field with his enen1Îe ere Sir I-Ienry K:nevett
caIne to the Frcnch ICing; but that daie Julian, the I(inges servant,
gate the victorie, to the great joy of the I{inges l\lajestie, and the
ICinges l\lajestie gave hi In in England a perpetuall Iyving during
his lief.
Sir I-Ienrie Knevett died at Corbell, seaven leages frOln Parris,
shortlie after the campe, by reason of a great bruse that he had
.
taken with riding post to come to the calnpe at the said daie, \vhich
was great losse of his death. ·
The eightenth daie of Julie my Lord Adlnirall of England a
tooke his jorney [rOln Bulleyne to the French ICing as the ICinges
ElnLassadour, accompanied with divers lordes and gentlemen, with
fower hundred yeomen, all in new lyveries and ,veIl horsed; :lnd the
28th daie of Julie he was receaved honorably of the French ICing
and Dolphine at
lillon,b where the French ICing laie, which is
beyond Paris, and there had great cheare of the ICinge and the
Queene, with great banquettes and maskinge verie rytchlie; and the
fourth daie of August he tooke his leve of the French ICinge, which
gave hiln a cubberd of plate, all gold, to the vale,ve of fiftene
hundreth poundes, at his departing, and gave other lordes and
gentlemcn that came with him chaincs of gold, and to,v hundrcth
crownes amongest his yeOlì1en, and so retorncd post into Englande.
The tenth of August in Brabant, in Flaunders, was great teInpest
of thoundre and lightning, ,vherby the to,vne of l\Iacline,c and

a John Dudley Viscount Lisle, afterwards }
arl of 'Varwick and Duke of
Northumberland.
b l\Iélull, in the IHle of France. c J\falincs.

\VRIOTHESLEy'8 CHRONICLE.

175

other places ther aboutc, ,vere allnost cleene destroyede, and six A.D. 1546.
hundred howses destroyed and thro,ven downe, and three hundred
persons, men, weOlnen, and children, found dead, and an hundred
and Bftie persons sore hurt, with l11uch more hurt then cann be
expressed, to the great feare of all Christen men.
The 15th daie of Septelnber the forreine buchers beganne to FOlTeine
keepe their markett in Leeden Hall, which was sheeded rounde
a
::tl
swithin
aboute for theln to stand dry, they to keepe markett there, and in Leeaden Hall.
no other place, \Vednesdaie and Satterdaie in the forenoune \veeklie
and no more, and that no free man to stand amongest theIn, and
everie man to paie to the ChaIn berlaine to the use of the cittie for
eaverie stall 8d.
The twentie-sixth daie of September were burned openlie at Bookeshurned.
Poules Crosse certaine bookes of heeresie latelie condelnned by
proclamation at the sennon tyine.
This Inonth also wheate was solde at London for 10s. the Corne fallen.
quarter, and Inalt for five shillinges, which was before the peace at
high prices, by reason the harvest was faire, and also there is great
plcntie therof in Englande, which by Godes grace shall cause itt to
fall to lower prices.
This l110nth also the water in Finsburie was brought into con- Newe con-
duittes at London 'Vall,a at St. Stephens Church in Cohnan duites.
Streete, and at a new conduite at St.
Iargarettes in Lothburie,
and runne full with great ,vast. b
The 28th daie of September, being l\1ichaellmas eaven, the lord ·
maire was elect and chosen at the Guildhal1, which was l\Ir. Henry
Hobulthorne, alrlerman, which was the first 111ajor that eaver was
chosen [onJ that daie, which said daie from hensforth shall be the
daie of the election for the major.

a In London 'Vall, directly against tbe north end of Coleman Street, is a conduit
of water, made at the eharges of Thomas Exmew, goldsmith, Lord .l\fayor in 1317.
-Stow's Survey.
b By the east end of St. Stephen's church is placed a cock of swect "ater, takcn
of the main pipe that gocth to Lothberie.- Stow's Survey.

A.D. 15-1-6.
The majors
feast served
with one
course.

176

'VRIOTH(1}t-'L:EY'S CHRONICLE.

HENRICl V III. Anno 38.

This yeare the majors feast was keept in the Guildhall thé
lTIOrrow. after Silnon and Judes daie,a which was altered in the
service frolu tow courses to one course, which was this daie all fishe
because it fell on Fridaie; the lordes, ladies, and the Inayors bourde
served with nyne dishes, and all the com ens with seaven dishes, and
had neither brawne nor gellie; which dynner was well cOluended
both of the lordes and all the comens, for it was plentifullie served;
howbeit, if my lord major had not sticked hard to it, the aldenuen
and sheriffes would have putt it downe for eaver.
Duke of The 12th daie of December the Duke of Norfolke and the Earle
Norfolke sent
to the Tower. of Surrey, his sonne, were sent to the Towre of London prisollners,
the duke going by water, but the Erle of Surrey was leaà openlie
fi'om my Lord Chauncelors in lIolborne throwe London by Sir
Anthonie \V yngefield, Captcine of the Gard, and the Lieutenante
of the T owre.
The major of The 15th daie of December there was an Oil' Detenuyner kept at
London sitting h J . II 11 ' S h k 1 1 d . Cl ' f
at Sessions in t e ustIce a In ot war e, w lere my or luaJor sate as ue
Sothwark as Justice, my Lord Cheiff Baron, Sir Raffe Warreine, Sir Richard
Cheif Justice. G 1\1 R d . 1 1 d . h . d . .
ressame, r. ecor er, wIt 1 ot ler nalne In t e sal cornlUlSSlon,
afore whome that daie were endited, and also by a jury eondemned
for treason for counterfeiting testornes,b one \Villialll IIarpin, late
of London and no\v of 80th warke, ale brewer, Sir William Bowell
of l{ingston, priest, and Richard Bush of London, goldslnith, and
there were eight persons suspected of the said treason that daie quitt
by proclamation; the said aet was donne in an house in Horsley-
downe in the countie of Surrey.
The twentith of December the said 'Villialn Harpin was drawen
from N ewgate to the Towre Hill and their hanged.

a October 29th.
b Testons, an old silver coin, formerly worth 12d.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

177

This yeare the feast that was wonte to be kept in IllY lord lllajors A.D. 1546.7.
howse the l\loundaie after Twelve daie was putt downe by a court The grea h t
<lynner t e
of alderlnen, which saved Iny lord rnajor fortie poul1des in expences Mondaie after
that ,vas wont to be spent on that daie. t

/
o
:

.
The 13th daie of Januarie ,vas arraigned at the Guildhall Henrie PeA. D. 1547.]
Haward, knight of the noble Ordcr of the Garter, Earle of Surrey, The Erle of
and sonne and heire of ThOlnas Duke of N orfolke, and that daie S l Ul" t l" h ey putt to
(ea .
,vas condemned of highe treason, my lord major a sitting as cheife,
my Lord ChaunceIor, Iny great luaster,b the ErIe of IIertford, the
ErIe of Arundell, the ErIe of Essex, In y Lord Adlnirall, \vith all
the judges, Sir Anthonie Browne, and 1\11'. Pagett, the I\:inges
Secretarie, being Conunissioners, Iny Lord Chauncelor geuving hilll
his judgtnente, and for his jurie that ,vere charged for hiln were
knightes and squires of Norfolke, Sir 'Villialn Person, knight,
being forell1an of the jurie; he had such pleading for himself that
he kept the COlnlnissioners from nyne of the clocke in the forenoune
till five of the clocke at night or he had judgrnent.
The nynetenth daie of J anuarie the ErIe of Surrey was lead out
of the Towre to the skaffolde at the Towre Hill and their he was
beheaded.
The 30th of J anuarie the church of the lat Gray Friars in London The Grey
was O p ened and masse song therin; and that daie P reached at Poules } b 'rhtrs h
1
c urc e mal e
Crosse the Bishopp of Rochester, who declared the ICinges gift the parishe
1 .. f L d r 1 I . f I ch urch
gea ven to t Ie clttle 0 on on lor t 1e re eevlng 0 t Ie poore people, .
which had geven unto thein, by patent under his seale, Sainct
BarthoIome\ves Spittell, the church of the Gray Fryars, the church
of Sainct Xicholas Flee ShaInbles,c and the church of Sainct Etons,d
to Le made one parish church \vithin the Grey Fryars, and withall
for the nlayntenance of the
amc, and relccving of the poore, five
hundreth markes by ycare for eaveI', and the said church had geven

a Sir Henry Huharthorne.
1.1 J...on1 St.John, who was Lorù Stewarù or I...orù Great l\faster of the King's
householù.
C St. Nicholas Shaml)l('
. d St. Ewin'f;.

CAlHD. SOC.

2A

Á.D. 1547.

Death of Kinge
Henry the Eight.

[Anno Reg. 1.]

Proclamation made
of Kinge Edward the
Sixth.

178

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICI.
E.

hi III by nfune the name of Christ Church, founded by I(ing Henrif"
the Eight.
The 31 of J anuarie IllY lord major was sent for to the Perlialnent
ChaIn bel' at "r estm inster, before the lordes of the I\:inges ß'lajesties
Privie Counsell, and their was declared to them by my Lord Chann-
celor and other the death of the l(inges
lajestie Henrie the Eight,
our Soveraigne Lord, \vhich deceased to Almightie God on Fridaie
Jast, being the 28th of Januarie, and straig[htJly charging them to
keepe the I\:inges peace and to lake to the sa vegarde of the I\:inges
l\Iajesties Chambre of London, and so they departed.

[ED'V ARDI VI. Anno 1.]

llnediatlie the said lordes in their ordre, with Garter, the J\.ing
of Haroldes, and other, in their cote armors, came out of the Perlia-
Jnent Chambre into the Palace of \Yestminster Hall with a trulnpett,
and their proclamation was Inade by the said Garter under the
Kinges brode seale. Edward the Sixth, sonne and heire of our
late Soveraigne Lord, to be I\:ing of this reahne of England, France,
anò lreland, Defendour of the Faith, &c., and of the churches of
England and also of Ireland the Supream Head, ymediatlie under
God, on earth.
Also that daie, at tenne of the clocke, the major a and aldermen
asseln bled in the Guildhall in their skarlett gownes, and Clarentius,
one of the kinges of haroldes, with to\V other haroldes and a
trurnpeter, and so rode froln thence with my lord major and
aldern1en to Sainct l\[agnus Chur
h corner, where proclah1ation was
lnade by Clarentius, after the blowing of the trulnpett tow tymes,
under the Kinges broade seale, Ed warde the Sixth, with the death
also of Henry the Eight, the Kinges l\lajestys father, and so from
thence they rode in order to Lcaden Hall [by] the Standard in
Cheepe to the conduite in Fleet Streete, where also the said pro-
clamation was made.

a
ir Henry Hubarthol'ne.

\VHIOTIIESLEY'S Cl[I:O
ICLE.

179

The saIne daie, in the af'ternoune, the ICinges l\Iajestie [Edward A.D. 1547.
\T1.J canle to the Towre of London fronl IIareforde, and rode in at The fi!st f
· commmge 0
AIgate, and so along the wall by the Crossed Friars to the 'rowre Edward the
llilI, and entred at the Redd Buhvarke. where Sir John Ga g e, V T I. to th f e
. ower 0
Consta ble of the To"\vre, and the Lieutenant, receaved his 1\lajestie London.
on horsebacke, the ErIe of Hertford ryding before the ICing, anrt
Sir Anthonie Bro"\vne riding after the I{inge; and on the bridge
next the "r ardgate my Lord of Canterburie, Iny Lord Chauncelor,
,vith other great Lordes of the Counsel], receaved his l\lajestie, and
so brought hiln to his Cham bre of Presence, where they were sworne
to his ]Hajestie.
Our late soveraigne lord I{:Ïng Henrie the Eight had declared Lord Protector
by his will,a under his great seale, his deerelie-beloved. sonne and

a:k

;e
y
heire, our soveraigne lord, now Edward the Sixth, to succeede will.
to his cro"\vne ell1periall; the ErIe of Hartford, Sir Ed ward Seymor,
to be Lord Protector and Governour of the ICinges l\Iajestie and
this realme of England, untill the l\:inges 1\Iajestie came to hig
]awfull age of 18 ycares; and orJeyned also by his will for his Privie
Counsell Iny Lord of Canterberie. my Lord Chauncelor, my Lord
of Durhaln, with other, as by his l\Iajesties \vill appeareth, to have
the governance of this realme for the tynle.
The first daie of Februa.rie my Lord Chauncelor caIne unto The Judges
' ",T . H 11 . 1 CI . d h . I , 11 ' sworne to the
,vestlnll1ster a llltO tIe laUllcene, an sate t en a one, ca lng Kinge.
of the judges and officers of the Court, who, kneeling beh)re him,
receaved their othes to the ICinges
Iajestie; after he sate in the
I\:inges Bench, and their s\vare the judges and other of the Court;
and then he sate in the I(inges Exchequer and sware the Barons,
and. then he sate and sware theln of the COlTIlnen Place. Then he
went into the 'Vhitehall and sware the Commissioners of that Court,
and then he Caine againe into the ChauÌ1cerie, and sate there, \vhere
he swore sixe ne,v scrgcantes of the lawe.
The third daie of Februarie the sCljeantes feast was kepte at The sergeallte

L 1 1 . CI . I 1 . 1 b 1 feast one
ynco ncs nne, III launcene .....ane
W HC 1 was ut a c ynner, dynner onelie.
Il The Parliament had authoriscd Henry VIII. to
ettlc the
ucce
si()n by will, and
this clncument i
now in the Puhlie Recorcl Office.

180

"\VRIOTHESLEY'S f'HRONICLE.

A.D. 1547. ,vhere sate at the highe board my Lord Chauncelor, at the tovv
bourdcs my lord great master a and my Lord Privie Seale, with
other lordes; at the tow tables on the right hand of the cubberd
sate the judges and barones ,vith the old serjeantes; at the third
table sate my lord nlajor and fower aldermen, with the sheriffes, in
their scarlett go\vnes, and other to fill the bourde; at the fourth
bourde, next the judges, sate the newe seljeantes on one side, to\V
of them to a 1nesse; and at other tow bourdes sate gentlemen of the
Innes of Court; \vhich said dynner was served ,vith tow courses,
seven dishes to the first and six to the last, and, after waffms and
ipocras, so ended the feast.
P f roc h lamation The fourth daie of Februarie, in the afternoune, P roclamation
or t e corona-
tion of the was made ,vith an harolde in his cote annoI', a tnllnpett, and a
Ringe. COlnnlen cryer \vith his Inace, for the I(inges coronation to be the
.20th of Februarie next cOlnn1Ïnge.
The sixth daie of Februarie, being the Soundaie of Septuagesillla,
in the afternoune my lord 111ajor and the aldermen rode in their
scarlett gownes fro1n my lorde majors house to the To\vre of
London, the judges also riding thither in violett, and the serjeantes
at Iawe with their scarlett hoodes, and so they were brought to the
I(inges chamber of presens, the I(inges 1\lajestie cOIning fourth in
a robe of purple velvett and a hoode of the sanle velvett, about his
necke a blacke mourning capp,b all the lordes in black go,,"nes, the
ErIe of Essex bearing the s,vorde afore the I(inge; then my lorde
nwjor and aldenllen called fourth kneelinge, the Recorder 111aking
his proposition to the I(inge for the confirmation of the ellection of
the lnajor, Iny Lord Chauncelor 1naking the answere and confirlning
the said election for the I(inge. The ErIe of Hartford, Lord
Protector and Governor, shewed, under the I(inges great seale, a
patent declaring that the I(inges pleasure was at his death that
the said Lord Protector shold Inake the IGng, his sonne, knight;
The Kinge the ICinges l\Iajestie then kneeling downe and putt[ingJ of his
made knight.
capp, the said Lord Protector made him knight, desiring them that

It Probably Lord St.John, who was made Lord High Steward in ]545.
b cape.

,V IUO'l'H ESl..E Y'S CHRONICL E.

181

were present to be ,vitnesses of the same; ilnediatlie, the I(ing A.D. 1547.
standing upp under the c10ath of estate, the lord major of London, The major of
. London made
Henry IIobulthorne, ,vas called fourth, who kneelIng before the knight.
ICing, his majestie tooke the sworde of the Lord Protector and
made him knight, ,vhich was the first that eaveI' he n1ade; then the
lordes called the judges and cOInlnuned with theIn, and then everie
of thCln came before the ICinge, who putt fourth his hande, and
everie of thein kissed it; then 1\11'. 'Villian1 Portlnan, one of the
judges of the ICinges Bench, ,vas called fourth, ,vholne the ICinge
made knight; and then the I\:ing [reJmoving his capp departed
into his privie chatnber againe.
The seven th daie of F ebruarie, in the afternoullc, at the Leaden A dole for
Hall, and at St. 1\lichaells in Cornehill churchyeard, was clealed an

n
i

b
a1mes for the poore for ICing Henrie the Eight, to Inan, woman, and Leaden Hall.
chielde that was there, to everie Inan a grote apeece, which beganne
at 12 of the clocke and lasted till six of the clock at night, serving
the people alwaies at tow dores, ,vhich ,vere in nUlnber 21 thousand
and more.
The eight daie of Februarie everie parish church within the citt.ie An obsequie
ûf London and the sn burbes of the saIne kept a solempne dirige by for the !{illge.
note,a ,vitI. a herse and tow tapers, and a knill, with all the bells
ringinge, and on the Inorrowe a masse of Requieln for the soule of
J(ing Henrye the Eight, ,vhich also was this daie observed through
, all
hurches in Englande.
The 14th daic of Februarie the corps of ICing IIenrie the Eight The bnriing of
,vas solclnply with great honor conveyed in a chariott, ,yith his
ii;i

rie
iInage lying on it, toward Wyndsore, and rested that night at Sion, g
,vhere ,vas a rych herse made of waxe of nyne stories heigh; the
morrow, being the fiftcnth daie, it was conveyed to \\r yndsore,
where at the townes end the Deane of \'V yndsore,b with all his
quire in rich copes, with Eton Colledg, lnett the corps, and so was
conveyed to the colledge C in the l(inges pallace at W yndsore,
a Night. b 'Villiam FrankleYll.
C St. George's Chapel, where the college of St. George meets.

182

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

The King
riding to his
coronation
through
London.

A.D. 1547. 'vhere it was sett under a rych hen;e of waxe of 13 stories highe,
and was buried the 11101TOW after masse in the quire 'v here his late
,vife Queene Jane liflth.
Dukes, Erles, The 8eavententh daie of Februarie was created within the Towre
and Lordes f H .c d d L d
made within of London Sir Ed,vard SeYlnor, Erle 0 arbor e an or
the Tower. Protector, Duke of Somersett; the Lord Parre, Earle of Essex,
,vas created l\Iarques of X orthalnpton; Sir John Dudley, Lord
Lislee and Adnlirall, was created Earl of \Varwick and Lord Great
Chamber1aine of Englande; Sir Thomas "Triothesley, Lord vVry-
othesley and Lord Chauncelor, ,vas created Earle of Sowthampton;
Sir Thomas Seymor was JTIade LOl.d Seymor, Lord of Sydewell,a
and High Adl11irall of Englande; Sir Richard Rich was lTIade Lord
Rych; Sir \Villiam \Viloughbie was made Lord "'\Vylougbie; Sir
Edmond Sheffild ,vas made Lord Sheiffielde.
The nynetenth daie of Februarie the I(inges l\Iajestie rode from
the Towre to ,,, estminster through the cittie of London, which was
rychly hanged with riche cloathes and divers pageantes, the conduites
running wyne, the craftes standing in their raills, and the aldermen,
the lord lnajor riding in a crymosin vE'lvett go,vne with a l'ych
collar of goulde, .with a mase in his hand, afore the ICing; and, when
his l\lajestie came where the aldermen stoùe, the Uecorder Inade a
proposition to his l\Jajestie, and after the Chamberlaine gave his
l\1ajestie a purse of cloath of gould for a present fi'Oln the cittie,
which he thanckfullie tooke.
This month of F ebruarie was levied amongest the citizens of
London for t.he I(in
es coronation a benev0lence after the manner
ofaxv th and a half.
The coronation The twentith daie of Februarie, being the Soundaie Quinquagesilna,

d

âethc the !(inges l\lajestie Edward the Sixth, of the age of nyne yea res
Sixth. and three monthes, was crowned I(ing of this reahne of Englande,
France, and Irelande, within the church of 'V estlninster,lJ with
great honor and 80lemnitie, and a great feast keept that daie in
'Vest minster Hall which ,va.s rychlie hanged, his l\Iajestie sitting
a Sudley. b 'Vcstminstcr Abbey.

'VRIOTHESl.EY'S CHRONICLE.

183

all dynner with his cro\vne on his head; and, after the second course A.D. 1547.
served, Sir Edward Dymlnocke, knight, came ridinge into the
hall in clene white cOlnplete harneis, rychlie gilded, and his horse
rychlie trapped, and cast his gauntlett to wage battell against all
men that \VoId not take him for right I\:ing of this realnle, and
then the J\:ing dranke to hin1 and gave hiln a cu pp of golde; and
after dynnel' the J{ing made many knightes, and then he changed
hif: apparell, and so rode froln thence to "T estminster Place.
The 21st d
"tie ,vas great justes with runninge at the tilt, and the Justes.
22 th daie \vas fighting and turninge at the barriors, where was many
noble feates donne.
The sixth daie of
larch the great seale of England was taken Lord Chaun-
.. T celor putt out
frOI11 Su Tholnas" rythesley, Earle of Southampton and Chauncelor of office.
of Englande, which daie \vas the second Soundaie of Lcnte, and so
was brought to lny Lord Protector, and on the morrowe it was
delivered to lny Lord Sainct John, my gret master,a to keepe as
conservator of the same till the counsell had sett further order therin.
The fourth daie of Aprill, 15-17, tidinges was brought to London Death of the
1 F h L
h I T' d d d d . d h fi d . f French Kino'.
t 1at ranees teL' renc \.lng \vas ea e
an Ie t e r9t ale 0 0
Aprill last, and it ,vas said that he neaver rejoyced synce he had
heard of the J{inges l\lajesties death.
The 13th daie of Aprill :\11'. John \Vishe, founder, dwelling John 'Vish.
without Ludgate, was presented to the Court of Aldermen, and by
thcl11 adlnitted for Aldeflnan of Algate; he refusing it, was sent to
Newgate, ,vhere he renlayned till the twentie-one daie of Aprill,
and then he was sworne alderman; and Ylnediatlie at his desire he
was dispenced with by the Inaire and aldermen and sett to his fine
for three hundred lnarkes, wherof he should paie in hande ,vithin
three daies an hundreth lnarkes; and he had a ycares daie given
hilll and a quarter for the rest to be paid at tow paymentes by a
bonde lnade to the Chain berlcyne of London; and so he ,vas dis...
charged of his aldennanshipp againe and all other offices in the
cittie whatsocaver.

a Lord 8t.J ohn was Lord Steward or Lord Great :Master of the King's Household.

A.D. 1547.
Recanting of
Doctor Smith.

A solemp ob-
sequie for the
death of the
French King.

Priestes ar-
raigned for
treason.

184

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

The fiftenth daie of J\Iaie, 1547, Doctor [SmithJ,a of 'Vydington b
College, preached at Poules Crosse, and their recanted and burned
tow bookes which he had latelie sett fourth, vne of traditions and
another of unwrytten verities, and there he professed a ne\v sincere
doctrine contrarie to his old papisticall ordre, as his artieles in
,vryting playnelie sheweth.
The 29th daie of June there was a solempne obsequie kept in
Poules [forJ the French K:ïnge Frances latelie departed, 'v here was
a sumptuous herse Inade, and the quire and the bodie of the church
hanged ,vith blacke and sett with schuchions of the arlnes of France,
and tow hundreth torch bearers having ne,y blacke gownes and
hoodes with badges of the annes of France on their sholders,
the Archbishop of Canterbery begining the derige in his pontifi-
calibus, the Arch bishop of Yorke and other 8 biE:hopps and
suffragans being also in their pontificalibus, six erIes and lordes of
the I\:inges lUajestie being the cheife mourners, the Elnperours
En1bassadour, and the French I\:inges Em bassadoure, and the
Secretarie of Venice in their blacke mourning gownes being also
there present at the same, the Inajor and aldermen with tow
hundred citizens in their best lyveries with their hoodes on their
sholders present at the Ra1ne also; and on the morrow also at the
requicin Inasse, which the Archbishopp of Canterberie songe in his
pontificalibus, ,vith the other bishopps in their pontificalibus also;
and there preached at the said Inasse the Bishop of Rochester, who
greatlie cOlnlllended in his sermon the said French I{ing departed,
for setting fourth of the Bible and New Testalnent in the French
tonge to be reade of all his subjectes; also all the parish churches
in London kept a solempne obett \vith knill, the bells ringing, and a
herse with tow great tapers, in everie parish church.
The first daie of Julie Thomas l\Ioundaie, person of Sainct
Leonardes in Foster Lane, and Thurstame I1ikeman, clearke, and
late Inonke of the Charter 110wse in London, W"ere arraigned at
the Guild Hall for treason, which ,vas for the conveying of one
a Omitted in MS. b Whittington's College and Hospital.

'VRIOTHESLEY'S CHHONICLE.

185

John Foxe, parson of Sainct l\farie l\fawdlaine, in the ,varàe of Â.D 1547.
Queenchith, which was late a monke of the Charterhouse in
London, and Heed out of this realme the third daie of Aprill last,
and sythence is professed a monke in Loven; a which said Foxe had
kept the left arrne of one John I-loughton, late prior of the Charter-
howse in London, which suffred death for treason, denying the
Iiinges supremacy, in anno 25 IIenrici VIII.; and the said J\Ioun..
daie and Hikeman shold have conveyged the said arlnc with other
baggage that they called reliques over sea to the said Fox as they
had pro111ised, for which treason the said l\foundaie and Hikeman
were this daie first endited, and after condeinned of high treason,
dnd had judgment to be hanged, dra,ven, and quartered like treason. b
This yeare wheat was at 7 s. the quarter, and in some places C
rne at low
d h . d 11 1 . I . prIces.
un er t at prIce, an a ot leI' gralnes at esse prIces.
This yeare, on l\IounJaie,c the Frenchmen, with twentie galeies Fren
he .
. . . gallmcs gOIng
and certalne ShIPPS, passed the nan'owe seas Into Scotlande, and into Scotland.
their landed their men, and laid seige to the Castell of Saint
Andrewes, which was kept to the ICinges use, and tooko it, and
burnt and threw downe an other houId, and so departed againe into
France.
This Y eare, in August, the I\:inges l\Iajestie, ,vith the advise of rr: h . e t K t
iuges

j VISI a Ion.
Iny Lord Protector and other of his Counsell, sent out throughe
this realnle of Englande certaine godlie injunctions for reformation
of the cleargie, the true preaching and scttinge fourth of Godcs
,vordc, and uttcr abolishing of idolatrie, whieh 'were clene putt
downe in everie parish church of this realme of Englande, and also
the going in procession was left [off], the gospell and epistle read
in Englishc everie holidaie, with divers other, as in the said
proclmnation or inj unction appeareth.
This yeare al
o the Lord Protectors Grace went into Scotlande The victorie of
. 1 .. 11 ' 1 b .. f S b the battcll of
wIt 1 an armlC 1'1a In t Ie eginning 0 cptem cr, and the 20th the Scottcs by
daie of Sc p teinber he had battell with the Scottcs within fower t t hc t Lord Pro-
ec or.

a I..ouvain. b As in cases of treason.
c Date of the month omitted in l\IS.

CA
I]). soc.

2 B

186

'VRIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1547. Jniles of Edenboroughc, ,vhere, by the po\ver of God, he had the
victorie, and there ,vas slaine of the Scottes fiftcne thousande, and
tow thousand taken prisoners. The Erle of Huntley, Chauncelor
of the Scottes, was one, the ErIe of Cassells slaine, and the Lord
Fleelning. And of El1glishelnen their were not slaine above an
hundred persons in all. The Scottes were nUlnbred above fo1'tie
thousandc, and the Engli
hlnel1 not above sixteene thousande; and
also they tooke there shipps and an their ordinance, ,vith all the
spoile of the fieIde, and certeyne castells Yfere yelded to hirn.
A sermon with The 20th daie, being Sainct l\Iatthe\\'es Eaven, ,vas a solelnne
proces<;:ion in d . P 1 b 1 B . h f L . 1 . 1 .
I
nglish in sern10n Jna e In ou es y t 1e IS opp 0 Inco ne, WIt 1 prOCef:SlOn,
Poules. kneeling with their copes in the quire, and after that Te Denrn song
with the organns playinge to give laude to God for the said victorie,
Jny lord n1ajor, ,vith his brethren the aldennen, being present, ,vith
all the COlnens in their lyveries, and that night great fiars were
nlade in everie streete with banqueting for joy of the said victorie.
And the 1110rrO\V, being Sail1ct l\Iatth
\ves daif', an the parishc
churches ,vithin the citic, and the suburbes of the SaIne, kept a
solempne procession on their knees in English, with 'Ie DeU111
after for the said victo1'ie.
The comminge The eight daie of October 111Y Lord Protectors Grace Caine frol11
home of the 1 'T I ] d . F . b . F . ld I d . . I 1
Lord Protector t 1e ...L,ort 1 10me, an In
Ins unc
Ie s my or n13Jor, 'wIt 1 tIC
from Scot- aldermen in their f3karlett gownes, ,vith certaine of the C0111enS in
lande. 1 . 1 . - . 1 1 . 1 d 1 . G 1 . d
t l
Ir IVerIeS wIt 1 t lCIr 100 es, n1ett 119 race, t 1e maJor an
aldennen on horsebacke, and he ever tooke one of theln by the
hande,a and after my lord major rode ,vith hinl to the pounùe in
Sn1ythfield, where 111Y Lord Protector tooke his leve of theIn, and
so rode that night to his place nt Shene,b
nd the 11101Towe after to
the King at Halnpton Court.
A llew Lord rhe 23rd daie of October Sir vVil1imn ePaulet c], Lord Sainct
Chauncelor. John, and Lord Great 1\Iaster of tl..e IGnges howse, deliv
red the
Great Seale of England to the ICingcs l\lajestie and Iny Lord

n Probably a clerical error for" he tookc everyone of them by the hand."
b Richmond. c Saillct J Ohll in :MS.

'VTIIOTIIESLEY'S CHRONICLE.

187

Protector, ,vhich he had bene custos of synce the dismission of IllY A.D. 1547.
Lord 'V riothesley, late Chauneelor; and the SaIne rlaie Sir Richard
Rich, Lord Rich, was chosen Lord Chauncelor, and the ICinges
great scale delivered unto hin1; and the 26th daie of October he
,vas sworne Lord Chauncelor in the Chauncerie in "\Vestminster
Hall.
The fourth daie of K ovenlber, 1.547, the ICinges l\Iajestie beganne
he first Par-
I . II ' 1 C f P 1 . 1 . .. f . ",""IT . 1 . hamcnt of
11S Igl ourt 0 ar Iamen t at lIS ClUle 0 tv estInlnster, lIS }:dward the

Iajcstie' ryding fron1 his pall ace of "\Vestminster to the church of Sixth.
Saint Peter in his perliarnent robes, ,vith all his Lordes Spirituall
and Ten1porall riding in their robes also; and afore the masse of
the Holie Ghost there ,vas a serrnon made before the I\."ing by
Doctor Ridley, Bishopp of Rochester; and after that the masse
beganne, Glo'ria in e..7Jce!sis, the Creec1e, Sanctns, Benedictus, and
the Agnns were all songen in El1glishe; the lllasse ended, his

[ajestie ,vith his Lordes went into the Perliament Chamber, ,vhere
IllY Lord Chauncelor made a grete proposition for the assem 11y of
the said Parliarnent, and, that donne, the I\:ing putt of his robes,
and ,vent to his pallace at '-Vestlninster by water. Sir John Baker,
knight, Chauncelor of the Tenthcs, was chosen Speaker of the
ComInens IIowse for the said Perliament.
The sixth daie of Novelnber the Convocation of the bishopps
beganne at Powles, afore ,vholne preacheJ the Bishopp of Lyncolne,
\vho made a goodlie sermon in Lattin; and for Prolocutor of the
Lo,ver IIouse for the clergie ,vas chosen Doctor John Taylor, Deane
of Lyneolne, and parson of Sainct Peeters in Cornehill. in London.

APPENDIX.

I\"ING'S BE
CH RECORDS in the PUBLIC RECOHÐ OFFICE.
BAGA DE SECRETIS. Pouch VIII.

This Pouch is indorsed " Session
s Comitatuum l\Iidùlesexiæ et Kanciæ
primo tenf apud villam "\Vestmonasterii in cOlnitatu l\liddlesexiæ coram
Thoma Audeley, milite, Cancellario Angliæ et aliis &c. et secundo tent'
apud Depford in comitatu Kanciæ coram Johanne Baldewyn, milite, et
aliis, anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo."
Trial and conviction of l\Iark Smfaton, Henry Nor(>)'s, 'VilJimn Bryerton,
and Sir Francis 'Vest0n.-Adultery with Queen Anne Boleyn.---Special
Sessions of Oyer and Terminer, 12 l\Iay, 1536, 28 lIen. VIII.

Uecord of the Sessions held at 'VestIninster and Deptford:- (::\IS. l-

)
Donl1nus rex mandavit prædilecto et fideli dOlnino Thomæ A udeIey
Iniliti, Cancellario Angliæ, præcharissimisque consanguineis suis 'fhomæ
duci Norfolciæ, Carolo duci SuffoIciæ et aliis literas suas patpntes in ha:c
verba: HenricHs Octavus dei gratia Angliæ et Franciæ rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus Iliberniæ et in terra supremum caput Anglicanæ eccIesiæ præ-
dilecto et fideli suo ThOlnæ .L'ludeley, n1iliti, Cancellario Angliæ, præ-
charissimisque consanguineis suis Thomæ duci Norf(>IcJæ, Carolo duci
Suffolciæ ac chalÏssimis consanguineis suis Johanni Comiti Oxoniæ,
Uadulpho Comiti \Vestmorlandiæ, Thomæ Comiti 'Vl1teshire, Roberto
Comiti Sussexiæ, Hecnon dilectis et fidelibus suis 'Yillelmo domino Sandys,
Thomæ Crumwell arrnigero primario secretario suo, 'Yillelmo Fitz- 'Yilliam,
n1Íliti, \Vi]]elmo Paulett., militi, Johanni Fitz-Janlf'S, militi, Johanni
Balùewyn, militi, Hicardo Lyst.er, militi, Johanni Porte, llliliti, Johanni
Spelman, militi, 'Valrt>ro Luke, ll1iliti, .A.ntonio l!"itzherbert, militi, Thomæ

190

APPENDIX.

Englefeld, militi, et 'Yillelmo Shelley, militi, salutem. Sciatis quod
assignavin1us vos decelu et novem, decem et octo, decem et septcIu, sex-
decim, quindeciln, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodecill1, undecim, decem,
novem, octo, septem, sex, quinque et quatuor vestrunl justicial"ios nostros
ad inquirendum per sacranlentum proborum et legalium hominum de
comitatu nostro 1Yliddlesexiæ ac aliis viis, IllOdis et meùiis; quibus nlelius
sciveritis aut poteritis, tan1 infra libertates qnam extra, per quos rei
veritas nlelius sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, nlesprisionibus
proditionum, rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris, homicidiis, riotis, routis,
conventiculis illicitis, insurrectionibus, extortionibus, oppressionibus, con-
t
luptis, concelamentis, îgnorantiis, negligentiis, offensis, lnesprisionibus,
falsitatibus, deceptis, confederationibus, conspirationibus, necnon acces-
sariis eornmdem, ac aliis transgressionibus et offensis quibuscumque infra
comitatum prædictum per quoscumque habitis, factis, perpetratis sive
commissis et per quos vel per quem, cui vel quibus, qualiter et quomodo;
ac de aliis articulis et circumstantiis præmissa et eorun1 quodlibet sive
eorum aliquod vel aliqua qtÏalitercumque concernentihus plenius veritaten1.-
Et ad eadem proditiones et -alia præmissa. audiendunl et terminandum
secundunl legenl et consuetudinem regni nostri Angliæ. Et ideo vobis
11landanlus quod ad certos dies et Ioca quos vos decenl et novem, decenI
et octo, decem et septeIn, sexdecim, quindecinl, quatuordecim, tresdecim,
duodecim, undecim, decenl, nOVCl11, octo, septem, sex, guinque vel quatuor

vesnum ad hoc provideritis diligenter super præmissis faciatis inquisitiones
et præmissa omnia et singula audiatis et terminetis ac ea faciatis et expleatis
in forma prædicta; facturi inde qnod ad justiciam pertinet secundlul1
legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Angliæ. Salvis nobis amerciamentis
et aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. l\Iandamus autem tenore præsentiunl
vicecomiti nostro con1Ïtatûs nostri prædicti quod ad .certos dies et loca
quos vos decenl et novem, decem et octo, decenl et septem, sexdecin1,
quindecilll, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodecim, unc1ecÏ111, decem, novern,
octo, septem, sex, quinque vel quatnor vestrum ei sciri feceritis venire
ÜlCiat coram vobis decem et novem, decem ct octo, decern et septem,
sexdecim, quindecim, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodecim, undecim, decem,
novelU, octo, septem, sex, quinque vel quatuor vestrnm tot et tales probos
et legales homines de balliva sua, tanI infra libertates quanl extra, per quos
rei veritas in prælnissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cnjus rei testi-

llAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH '''111.

191

moniun1 has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud
'Vestmonasteriuln vicesimo quarto die Aprilis anno rrgni nostri vicesimo
octavo.
Quartun literarun1 domini regis patentium predictarun1 prætextu pre-
C P pt.U1l1 fuit vicecomiti :ßliddlesexiæ quod non omitteret &c. quin venire
faceret coram præfatis justiciariis apud "r estlnonasteriun1 in cOlnitatu
l\liddlesexiæ die l\Iercurii videlicet decimo die l\Iaii tunc proximo sequente
24 0r tan1 milites quam aIios Iib(-'ros et Jegales homines de corpore comi-
tatfls prædicti ad faciendunl ea quæ ex parte domini regis tunc et ibidenl
eis injullgel1tur. Et quod idem viceconws tunc Foret ibiden1 in propria
persona sua una cun1 ballivis et n1Ïl1istl'is snis ad faciendnnl ea qllæ ad
sui et eOrUlTl officia pertinent in hac parte. Et vicecomes inde fecit
executionenl prout patet per panella, &c.
Inquisitio capta apud villam Westmonasterii in comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ .Middlesex.
coram præfatis Johanne Balclewyn, milite, Uicardo Lyster, nÚlite, Johanne
I>orte', n1Ïlite, Johanne Spelnlan} 1nilite, 'Valtero Luke, n1Ïlite, Antonio
Fitzherbert, nÚlite, et 'Villdu1o Shelley, milite, j usticiarii
, &c. dicto die

rercurii decimo die l\Iaii, anno vicesinlO octavo supradicto, per sacra-
n1entulll Egidii Heron, arl11igeri, Hogeri ì\Iore, armigeri, Hicardi .A wnsham,
armigeri, Thomæ BiIlyngton, armigeri, Gregorii Levell, armigeri, Johannis
'V orsop, annigeri, 'Yillc1mi Godard, gent. 'VilIeJmi BIakwaIJ, gent. Johannis
.'Yilfonl, gent. 1\ T ilielmi Berd, gent. lIenrici Hubbithorn, gent. \Villehni
I I unnyng, gent. Roberti 'VaIys, gent. Johannis Englonde, gent. Hel1rici
Lodysman, gent. et Johannis Averey, gent. Juratorum, &c. Qui dicnnt
snper sacramentum suum quod cum domina ....L\.nna. Hegin3 .Angliæ, uxor
domini nostri I-Ienrici Octavi, Dci gratia Angliæ et Franciæ regis, Fidei
defensoris, et Domini Hiberlliæ ac in terra supremi capitis ecclesiæ
Anglicanæ per tempus triuIll annorum modo plenarie elapsorum et
mnplius extiterit; eademque domina Anna neùum excelIentissimun1 atque
noLilissimunl n1atrimonium ir.ter ùictunl dominun1 nostrunl 1'eO"e111 et
o
ipsanl dominan1 reginam solempl1izatum vilipendens verUIll etiam malicia.m
in corde suo erga dictum dominurn nostrum regem gt>rens, instigatione
diabolica seducta Ðeu111 præ occulis non IHlbens atque ('jus fragilem et
carnal em appctitum inùies insequens et affectans quamplures præfilti
domini nostri regis diurnos et familiares servos eiùen1 1'eginæ aùultcros t'(-
cOHcubinos fore et efIìc
re false proJit
)ric d contra. h'giantiæ sure dcbitmll.

192

APPENDIX.

turpibus colloquiis et osculis, tactis, donis, variisque aliis nephandissirnis
ejus instigationibus et incitationibus de tempore in tempus sicuti ejus
crin1Ínis facultas abolendissima appetiit falsissime et proditoriosissime
procuravit. Adeo quod ad illuJ ejusdem reginæ llequissimum et pro-
ditoriosissimUlTI crimen adulterii perpetrandum nonnuHi dict.i domini regis
servientes per dictæ reginæ vilissimam provocationem et incitationem
indies, eidem reginæ proditorie erant dediti et inclinati J hinc indeque sic
ut subsequitur de factis et verbis proditoriis insecutulTI fuit, videlicet
prædicta regina sexto die Octobris anno regni prædicti domini nostri regis
vicessinlo quinto apud villunl 'Vestmonasterii in comitatu prædicto et
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea quelldam Henricum N oreys
nuper de villa \Vestmonasterii in comitatu prædicto arnligerulll unnrn
generosorunl privatæ cameræ ejusdem donlini regis ad ipsmn reginanl
violandunl et carnaliter cognoscenduln dulcibus verbis, osculis, tactibus
ac aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat, per quod
idem Henricus Noreys duodecimo die Octobris :lnno regni dicti domini
regis vicesinlO quinto, occasione dictæ dominæ reginæ proditoriæ ineitationis
et procuratiollis eandenl dominam reginam contra legianciæ suæ debitunl
apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædictam in comitatu prædicto proditorie
violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat; Quodque idem Henricus
N oreys diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam vVest-
Inonasterii prædictanl in conlÍtatu prædicto quandoque ex procuratione
ips ius lIenrici propria præfatæ reginæ proditorie ibiden1 facta et quan-
doque ex procuratione ips ius reginæ eidelll Henrico Noreys proditorie
ibidem facta præfatam reginam proditorie violavit, viciavit. et carnal iter
cognovit; Et quod prædicta. regina secundo die Novenlbris anno regni
dicti dOll1ini regis vicesimo septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea apud villan1 \Vestmonasterii præùictam in comitatu
prædicto quendam Georgium Boleyn nuper de villa 'Vestmonasterii in
con1Ítatu prædicto militem dominulll Rochefurd fratrem naturalem præ-
fatæ reginæ ac ununl generosorum dictæ privatæ cameræ dicti domini
regis ad ipsam reginaul violandum et carnal iter cognoscendum ac CUlll
Jillgua ipsius reginæ in ore dicti Georgii et lingua ips ius Georgii ill ore
dictæ reginæ tam osculis CUlll aperto ore ipsius reginæ et Georgii donis et
jocalibus ac quam aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et
illcitabat, per (luod idem GeOl'gius dmuinus Rocheford omnimocla Dei

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII.

193

omnipotentis precepta et singulas humanæ naturæ leges spernens præ-
dictæ reginæ iIJecebras et incontinentias intuens et cognoscens quinto die
Novembris anno re&ni dicti dOlnini regis vicesimo septin10 eandem reginan1
sororem suam naturalem false detestandissime et proditoriosissime contra
legianciæ suæ debitum apud villam Westmonasterii prædictam in comitatu
prædicto violabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idem GeOl'gius
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus poste"a et antea apud vilJam 'Vestmonasterii
prædictam in comitatll prædicto quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Georgii
propria præfatæ reginæ ibidem proditorie facta et quandoque ex procura-
tione ipsius reginæ eidem Georgio ibidem proditorie facta præfatanl
reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnal iter cognoscebat, et quod
prædicta regina tertio die Decembris anno regni dicti domini nostri regis
vicesimo quinto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud
villam Westmonasterii prædictam in comitatu prædicto quendam "7illel-
mun1 Bryerton nuper de villa "r estmonasterii in comitatu prædicto arnlÍ-
gerum ac unum generosorum dictæ privatæ cameræ præfati domini regis
ad ipsmn reginam violandulll et carnaliter cognoscendum osculis, tactibus
ac aliis diversis viis et IllOdis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat,
per quod idem \Villehnus Bryerton octavo die Decembris anno regni dicti
domini regis vicesimo quinto proditorie occasione dictæ dOlllinæ reginæ
proditoriæ incitationis et procurationis eandem reginmn contra lcgianciæ
suæ debitum apud IIampton-courte in parochia de Lyttylhampton in
comitatu prædicto proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognosce bat.
Quodque idem Willehnus Bryerton diversis aliis di
bus et vicibus antea.
et postea apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædictam in comitatu prædicto
quandoque ex procuratione ipsius 'Villelmi propria prefatæ reginæ ibidelll
proditorie facta, et quandoque ex procuratione ipsius reginæ eideul
'Villelmo ibidem proditorie facta præfatam reginam proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carna1iter cognoscebat. Et quod prædicta regina octavo die
mensis l\Iaii anno rcgni dicti domini nostri reg is vicesimo sexto et diversis
aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii præ-
dictam in comitatu prædicto quendam Franciscum Weston nuper de villa
'Vestmonasterii in cornitatu prædicto, militenl, ac unUln generosorunl
dictæ privatæ cameræ præfati domini regis ad ipsanl reginam violandum
et carna1iter cognoscendum osculis, verbis, donis et aliis viis et nlodis
illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat per qnod idenl Franciscus 'Yes ton
CAMD. SOC. 2 C

194

APPENDIX.

vicesimo die mensis l\Iaii anno 1 egni dicti domini regIs VlceSlmo sexto
proditorie occasione dictæ dominæ reginæ proditorie incitationis et pro-
curationis eandenl dominanl reginam contra It:'giantia' suæ debitum apucl
villanl 'YestIuonasterii prædictam in cOluitatu prædict
proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Qllodque idelTI Franciscus 'Veston
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud vil1am "r estmonasterii
prædictmn in cOlnitatu prædicto quandoqne ex procuratione ipsius Franeisci
propria præfatæ reginæ proditorie ibidem facta et quandoque ex procura-
tione ipsius rf'ginæ eidem Francisco 'Veston proditorie ibidem facta
præfatam reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Et quod prædicta regina duodecimo die mensis Aprilis anno regni dicti
domini regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villanl 'Vestmonasterii prædictaln in comitatu prædicto
quendanl l\larcunl SnlCton, nuper de villa \Vestmonasterii in comitatu
prædicto, gentylman ac unum grometorum dictæ privatæ cameræ dicti
domini regis ad ipsam reginam violandum et carnal iter cognoscendum
tam osculis et tactiblls quam donis pecuniæ et jocaliu111 et aliis diversis
viis et nlodis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat, per quod idem
l\larcus 8meton vicesimo sexto die Inensis Aprilis anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesÍIno septilno proditorie occasione dictæ dOlninæ reginæ proditoriæ
incitationis et procurationis eandeIn don1Ïnam reginam contra legiantiæ
suæ debituln apud villaIn vVestmonasterii prædictam in conlitatu prædicto
proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idenl
l\Iarcus 8meton diversis aliis diebus et vicibus postea et antea apud villanl
'Vestnlonasterii in cornitatu prædicto quando que ex procuratione ips ius
l\larci propria præfatæ reginæ proditorie ibidem facta et quandollue ex pro-
curatione ipsius reginæ eideln l\Iarco Smeton proditorie ibidelTI facta præ-
fatam reginanl proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Et
insuper juratores prædicti dicunt quod prædicti Georgius Boleyn, nÜles,
dOlninus Rocheford, I-Ienricus N oreys, 'Yillelmus Bryerton, Franciscus
'Vest on et
iarcus 8meton sic carnali am ore dictæ reginæ accensi et
inflmnmati fuerunt quod quem illorum dicta regina magis appetiit et
affectavit alius eorum nlalignabat et indignabat et cordibus suis invicem
murmurabant alter versus alterulu suspiciens et zelotipans. Et exinde
unus eorum versus alium maliciatn concipiens præfatæ reginæ plurilna
obsequia nocturnis te!nporibus inordinata diversa etiam dona et arras

B_\GA DE SECRETIS, poucn VIII.

195

dicto proditOI'io vicio adulterino apta rliversis transactis temporibus dum
dictorum proditoriorum criminum suorum tempora agebant occulto et
proditorie singulatÎIn exhibuerunt. Et quod præfata regina pariformiter
prædictos Georgium, Henricum et ceteros proditores prænon1inatos solos
sibi concubinos habere tan1 ardenter affectavit et concupivit quod eorum
aliquem cum alia quacumque D1u1iere conversare, colloqui, aut vultum
familiarem exhibere minime potnit sustinere absque calumpnia, duppli-
centia et indignatione ipsius reginæ eis propteria fiendis et den1onstrandis.
Et præterea j uratores pr
dicti dicunt quod præfata regina prænominatis
Georgio, lIenrico, \Villelmo, Francisco et l\Iarco pro eo quod ipsi eorum
adulterina prædicta vicia proditoria cum eadem regina ad suunl libitum et
beneplacitum iterarent et vicissiln continuarent diversa dona et n1ercedE's
insignia tan1 pro supradictis eorum proditoriis viciis in forma prædicta
commissis et peractis qUaIU ex
unc cum eaden1 regina comn1Ïttendis et
perpetrandis apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædicta111 in comitatu prædicto
vicesimo septimo die Novembris anno regni dicti don1Ïni regis vicesimo
septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea proditorie con-
tulit, dedit et largita fuit. Quorum prætextu dicta regina præfatos pro-
ditores in eorum dictis proditionibus ad tunc et ibidem proditorie auxiliavit
et confortavit; ulteriusque præfata regina et ceteri proditores prænominati
eidem reginæ per modlun dictorum proditoriorum viciorum divisin1
adherentes videlicet eadeln regina et singuli cæteri prænominati proditores
cum eadem regina divisim et invicem ultimo die mensis Octobris anno
regni dicti dmnini regis vicesilllo septimo supradicto et aliis diebus et
vícibus antea et postea apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædictam in comitatu
prædicto rnortem et destruction em præfati domini nostri regis proditorie
contra legianciæ sure debitum cornpassi fuerunt et Í1naginaverunt. Ita
quod dicta regina scpius dicebat et promittebat se Inaritare unum pro-
ditorunl prædictorun1 quandocumque dictus dOlllinus rex ab hoc seculo
111igrare contigeret, affirmando quod nunquam ipsunl dominum regem in
cm'de suo diligere volebat, iùemque dominus nos tel' rex supradictus fal-
sissima et abolendissima crimina, vicia et proditiones versus eum taliter
ut præscribuntur conln1Íasa et perpetrata infra breve tempus nunc præ-
teritum, summa Dei gratia l1lediante, agnoscens et perpendens tantanl
intra se concepit corc1ialenl ingratitudinem et tristitiam præsertim ex
ejus d
ctæ reginæ et consortis sibi imp
nsa n1alicia et adulterii proditorii

196

APPENDIX.

procuratione atque etiam ex dictorum ejus servorum cubiculariorum
dignissimæ suæ personæ regiæ viciuissorun1 acceptorum, collatis pro-
ditionibus, quod nounuHa corpori suo regali dan1pna gravamina et peri-
cula exinde sibi accrevernnt et devenerullt. Sicque præfati juratores
dicunt quod præfata regina et cæteri proditores prænominati proditiones
suas præscriptas nt. præmittitur false et proditorie commiserunt et per-
petraverunt in dicti domini nostri regis coronæ suæ regiæ et totius regni
sui Ang1iæ contemptum manifestuln et derogationem et reg-alis personæ
et corporis dicti don1Ïni regis periculum ac in proditorium scandalum
periculum detrimentum et derogationem exitus et hereùum dictorun1
domini Tegis et reginæ et contl'a paceu1 ejusdeln dOlnini regis. [Billa
Vera.]
Et Inodo scilicet, die Veneris proximo post tres septimanas Paschæ
an no regni dicti domini regis nunc vicesimo octavo coran1 præfato Thoma
Audeley, milite, cancellario Angliæ, Thoma Duce N orfolciæ, Carolo Ðl:.ce
Suffolciæ, Johanne Comite Oxoniæ, Hadulpho Comite 'VestmorIandiæ,
Thoma Con1ite \Vilteshire, Roberto Co mite Sussexiæ, 'Villelmo domino
Sandys, 'l'hOlna CrumweH, armigero, primario Secretario dicti domini
regi
, 'Yillelrno Fitzwillialn, milite, 'Yillelmo Paulett, Inilite, Johanne
Fitzjames, Inilite, J ohanne Baldewyn, milite, Ricardo Lyster, milite,
Johanne Porte, milite, Jühanne Spehnan, milite, 'Valtero Luke, milite,
Antonio Fitzherbert, milite, et 'ViIIelmo Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c.
apud 'Vestmonasterium in dicto comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ venerunt prædicti
Henricus Noreys, \Villelmus Bryerton, Franciscus 'Y eston, miles
et 1\Iarcus
Smeton per Willelmum Kyngeston, Inilitem, constabulum Turris Londoniæ,
in cujus custodia præ antea ex causis prædictis per dictum dominun1
regem commissi fuerunt et per mandatum ipsius donlini regis ad barrUJ11
hic ducti in propriis personis suis. Et statim de præmissis eis superius
separatin1 impositis separatim allocuti qualiter se velint inde acquietare;
prædictus 1\iarcus S1l1eton dicit quod ipse non potest dedicere quin ipse
cuI pabilis est de violatione et carnali cognitione prædictæ reginæ prout
per indictan1entuln prædictum 8uperius supponitur. Et inde ponit se in
misericordialn don1Ìni regis. Et quo ad totU1l1 residuum in indictamento
prædicto versus eum superius suppositull1 dicit quod ipse nonnulJo est
inde cu]pabilis. Et inde de bono et malo ponit se super patriam, &c. Et
prædicti Henricus Noreys, \Villelmus Bryerton et Franciscus 'Veston,

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII.

197

nliles, separatim dicunt quod ipsi de præmissis nec aliquo præmissorum in
nullo sunt inde culpabiIes. Et inde de bono et malo ponunt se seperatim
super patriam, &c.
Item inter dictum don1Ïnunl regenl et præfatos Henricum N oreys,
'VillelmuIll Bryerton et Franciscurn \Veston, n1ilitem, venerunt inde
juratores cormn præfatis justiciariis apud 'Vestmonasterium prædictuln
hac instante die Veneris proximo post dictas tres septimanas Paschæ. Et
qui, &c. ad recogn' &c. quia, &c.
Idem dies datum est tam præfato l\f arco Smeton quam præfatis IIenrico
Noreys, Willelmo Bryerton et Francisco 'Veston, militi. Ad quos dienl
et locum coram præfatis justiciariis venerunt tam prædictus Marcus
Smeton quam prædicti Henricus NoreYf:, Willelmus Bryerton et Franciscus
\Veston in propriis personis suis. Et juratores inter dictum :regem et
præfatum Henricum Noreys, Willelmum Bryerton et Franciscum Weston
per vicecomitem comitatus l\iiddlesexiæ irnpanellati, exacti similiter
venerunt. Qui ad veritatem de præmissis dicelldi, electi, triati et jurati
dicunt super sacr:unentum suum quod prædicti Henricus Noreys, Will-
elmus Bryerton et Franciscus 'Veston de proditionibus prædictis eis
superius impositis sunt culpabiles; Et quod ipsi nulla habent terras,
tenementa, bona, neque catalla, &c. Super quo instanter servientes domini
regis ad legem ac ipsius regis attornatus juxta debitanl legis formanl
petierunt taIn versus præfatU111 l\Iarculn Smeton super cognitionem suan1
propriam in hac parte factrtnl quanl versus præfatos Henricum Noreys,
\Villelmum Bryerton et Francisculll vVest.on, n1ilitem, super veredictum
prædictum versus eos et eoruln quemlibet redditum judicium et execu-
tionenl superinde pro prædicto domino rege habendunl, &c. Et super hoc
vicecomes, et per curianl hic intellectis omnibus et singulis præn1Íssis,
concessus est quod tam prædictus l\Iarcus Smeton quam pI ædicti Henricus
Noreys, \Villelmus Bryerton et Franciscus 'Veston, nliles, ducantur per
præfatum ConstabulariuDl Turris Londoniæ usque dictam turrirn. Et
deinde per mediunl civitatis Londoniæ directe usque ad furcas de Ty bourne
trahantur et super furcas illas ibiderll suspendantur et viventes ad terram
prosternantur et interiora cujuslibet eOl'urn extra ventres suos capiantur,
ipsisque viventibus comburentur et capita eorum alnputentur quodque
corpora eorunl in quatuor partes dividantur; Et quod capita et qna-rteria
cujuslibet eorum ponantur ubi dOlninus rex ca assignare voluerit, &c.

24 April, 28
Hen. 8.
(:\1. 10.)
:Middlesex.
9 )Iay, 28
lIen. 8.
(
I. 8.)
:l\Iiddlesex.

198

APPENDIX.

In 1ïUfrg 1 'n. "Trahitur et suspensus," written four times over to
signity that the sentence was carried out in each separate instance.
Dorso. Per manus Johannis Fitzjames, militis, unius justiciariorulll infra
specificatorum coraU1 domino rege die Sabbati proxiulo post tres septimanas
Paschæ anno regni regis Ilenrici Octavi vicesimo octavo deliberatunl, &c.

In this pouch (VIII.) are the originals of the documents entered on the
above enrolment, besides others which have only been abstractpd or
n1entioned in that document. In the latter case it appeared advisable to
print these documents in full from the originals, except when only re-
duplicative. They are strung on a file promiscuousiy, in the order
indicated by the nun1bers in the nlargin, but are here arranged chrono-
logically, so far as each session is concerned, that for l\Iiddlesex preceding
I\:ent.

Special COllln1Îssion of Oyer and Terminer addressed to Thomas
Audeley, knt. and others. This is identical with the first document
entered on the enrolment, and does not therefore require to be reprinted.

[The Justices' Precept to the Sheriff for the return of the Grand Jury
at 'Vestminster 011 "\Vedllesday the 10th day of l\Iay then next following. ]
Scilicet. ThOlllas Audeley, miles, Cancellarius Angliæ et socii sui
justiciarii domini regis, per litteras patentes ipsius regis ad inquirendunl
per sacramentum proborunl et legalium hominum de dicto con1Ítatu
Middlesexiæ tam infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas Inelius
sciri poterit de qllibusculllque proditionibus, lllurdris, feloniis, con-
spirationibus, rebellionibus, insunectionibus, contemptis, concelamentis,
forisfacturis, deceptioniblls, falsitatibus, riotis, routis, convent.iculis illicitis,
transgressionibus, lllesprisionibus et aliis offensis quibusclln1que in
comitatu prædicto per quoscunlque et qualitl-'rcumque factis sive per-
petra tis ac de aliis articulis et circulllstantiis præmissa qualitercunlque
concernentibus plenius veritatem et ad eadem proditiones, nlurdra, felonias,
conspirationes, rebelliones, insurrectiones, contemptus, concelanlenta,
forisfacturas, deceptiones, falsitates, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita,
transgressiones, mesprisiones et alias offensas pra:dictas ad sectanl ips ius
regis tunc audiendum et tern1Ïnandun1 secundunl legem et consuetudinenl
rt'gni domini regis Angliæ assignati, vicecomiti l\tiddlesexiæ salutelll. Ex

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII.

199

parte dicti domini regis tibi præcipimus quod venire facias coram nobis
præfatis justiciariis apud villam 'Vestmouasterii in comitatu prædicto die
1\Iercurii videlicet decimo die l\Iaii proximo futuro de quolibet hundredo
comitatus prædicti 24 de magis discretis et sufficientibus personis per
quos rei veritas in præn1Ìssis melius sciri poterit et inquiri ad faciendum
ea quæ ex parte ejusdem don1Ïni regis tunc ihidem eis injungentur,
pubIice etiam Ploclamari facias per totum conlitaturn prædictum quod
omnes illi qui pro domino rege de aliquo articulo articnlorum prædictorunl
sequi aut prosequi voluerint tunc sint ibidenl billas et sectas ipsius regi:s
in fonna jGris prosecuturi. Scire etiarn facias onu1Ìbus ministris tuis
quod tunc sint ibidem ad faciendum ea quæ eonun officiis pertinent in hac
parte. Et tu ipse tunc sis ibidem una cum lninistris tuis ad faciendum
ea quæ ad tui et eOl'Urn officia pertinent. Et ]labeas ibi tunc nOy<:,nl
j uratorum et n1Ìnistrorum prædictorulu et eorunl pf'r quos eis sic scire
feceris breve domini regis de intendendum quod tibi in de venerit et hoc
preceptlllll datum 9 die l\faii anno regni regis I-Ienrici Octavi vicesilno
octavo.
D01'SO. Executio istius precepti patet in quodam panello huic precepto
annexato.
Responsio IIumfridi l\Ionmouth et Johannis Cotes, vicecomitum.

[Grand Jury panel for l\::Iiddlesex. The dots in the
names of those who appeared, and the contracted word
against those who were sworn] :
. Egidius IIeron, arn1Ígp,r, jnr.
. Rogerus l\1ore, arnliger, jur.
. Hicardus Awnsham, ar. jur.
. Thomas Byllyngton, ar. jnr.
. Gregorius Lovell, ar. jur.
· Johannes ,V orsope, ar. jur.
Ricardus fIarryyong, ar.
Jesper Leyke, ar.
. 'Yillelmus Gooddard, gent. jnr.
. 'Yillelmus BlakwaIl, g<:,nt. jnr.
. Johannes 'V y lford, gent. j ur.
. Vvillchnus Bt'rd, gent. ju,..

margin show the 9
fay, 2R
" j ur. " is written Hen. 8.
(1\1. 9.)
l\tid(1Jcsex.

200

APPENDIX.

Robertus "\Vheler, gent.
. Henricus Hubbylthorn, gent. JUT.
. Willelmu8 Hunnyng,- gent. jure
. Robertus 'Valys, gent. jur.
"Tillelmus Hollys, gent.
. Johannes Englond, gent. jur.
'Villelmus vVarner, gent.
Thomas Curtys, gent.
. Henricus Lodysman, gent. jur.
. Johannes Averey, gent. jur.
. Thomas Burnell, g('nt.
. Ricardus CallarJ, gent.
Georgius Aleyn, gent.
. Johannes Elryngton, gent.
· Thomas Hemmyng, gent.
. Ricardns Bellamy, gent.
. 'V illiehnus Goodere, gent.
Johannes Hone, gent.
. Robertus Smalwod, gent.
. Willelmus Jenyns, gent.
. Johannes Jamys, gent.
. Thomas Sylvester, gent.
. Johannes Chanterell, gent.
. Ricardus Clark, gent.
Johannes Grymston, gent.
Robertus Redluan, gent.
. Jobannes Rawson, gent.
. Ricardus Ive, gent.
. Johannes 'Villough by, gent.
Ricardus Brown, gent.
. Johannes Ederick de Edgeware, gent.
. Alanus Nicoll, gent.
· Willelmus Russell, gent.
. Robertus Sherp, gent.
. vVillelmus Snelson, gent.
Johannes Nicoll de Dolstrete.

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII.

201

Quilibet juratorum prædictorunl separatim per se attachiatus et
manucaptns est per plegium

JOIlANNIS DEN et
RICAlmI FEN.
Dorso. Capta apud villam vVestmonasterii in con1it.atu l\liddlesexiæ
die :\Iercurii decimo die l\Iaii anno regni regis IIenrici Octavi vicesimo
octavo coram Johanne Baldewyn, milite, Ricardo Lyster, milite, Johanne
Porte, milite, Johanne Spelrnan, milite, 'Valtero Luke, milite, Antonio Fitz-
herbert, milite, et 'Yil1ehno She1Jey, n1Ïlite, justiciariis, &c. per sacramentum
juratoruln infrascriptorum, &c.

Original indictment found at Westminster by the Grand Jury, Giles 10
ray, 28
Heron, &c. against Anne Boleyn and the rest, as copied fr0111 the enroln1ent. Hen. 8.
At the fuot of this document, which is much rubbed, ii written " Billa (
L 7.)
vera," and a memorandum in the margin that the same indictment is sent
before Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Earl 1\larshal and High Steward of
England [see Pouch IX.], to do all matters concerning the Queen and the
Lord Rochford, on l\Ionday, the 15th day of l\Iay, 1536, at the Tower.
The indictment has been already given from the enrolment, but the
n1emorandull1 in the Inargin is as follows:-
1\littitur coram Thoma duce N orfoiciæ, Thesaurario ac COlnite l\[ares- l\Ijddlcscx.
cal]o Angliæ, necnon Senescallo Angliæ hac vice, quo ad OInnia qnæ ad
reginan1 et ùominum Rocheford tangentia die lunæ 15 die
Iaii anno
regni domini regis nunc 28 apud Turrim Lon
oniæ virtute brevis dicti
dmllini regis Johanni Baldewyn, militi, et sociis suis justiciariis, etc. ael
inquirendum de quibuscumque proditionibus, &c. infra cornitatum l\Iid-
dlesexiæ perpetratis audiendum et terminandum assignatis ac virtute
præcepti dicti Senescalli dictis justiciariis scilicet directis ternÜ-
nand', &c.

The ,Justices' precept to thè Constable of the Tower, commanding ]lim 10 :\Iay, 28
to hring up the bodies of Sir .Francis 'Yeston, knt. IIenry Noreys, esq. HCll. 8.
'ViIIimn Bryerton, esq. and l\Iark Smeton, gent. at 'Vestminster, on . (
r. 6.)
,.
.., . d fi 1 1 f E ' I ' } C 11 :\'[l(hlIescx.
J2 rI ay next a tel' t uee wee {S 0 aster. Ie onsta) e returns that
before the receipt of the precept the persons within-Inentioned had been
CA)ID. SOC. 2 D

12
fay, 28
Hen. 8.

202

APP END IX.

committed by the King's Council for high treason, but that he never-
theless would bring thelll up as he is required.
Scilicet, Thomas Audeley, nliles, Cancellarius A1'1gliæ, et socii sui
justiciarii domini regis per literas patentes ipsins regis ad inquirenduu1
per sacramentun1 proborun1 et Iegaliull1 hominum de comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ
tam infra Iibertates quam extra per quos rei veritas melins sciri poterit de
omnimodis proditionibus, insurrpctionibus, rebellionibus, feloniis, rnurdris,
transgressionibus, mpsprisionibus ac aliis diversis articulis in litteris
domini regis patentibus eis inde directis specificatis per quoscumque et
qualitercumque factis sive perpetratis et ad eadem audiendum et termi-
nandum assignati Constabulario Turris domini regis Londonis:e vel ejus
Jocumtenenti vel deputato suo ibidem salutem. Ex parte dicti domini
regis vobis precipimus firnlÏter injungentes quod corpora Francisci 'Veston,
militis, Henrici Noreys, armigeri, 'Villelmi Bryerton, arnligeri et
Iarci
Smeton, genty lman, in prisona dicti domini regia sub custodia vestra
detenta ut dicitur una cum causa detentiollum suarum quibuscumque
nominibus censeantur in eadem habeatis coram dicto domino rege apud
'Vestmonasterium die Veneris proximo post tres septimanas Paschæ ad
respondendum præfato domino regi de diversis altis proditionibus unde
indictati sunt. Et habeatis ibi tunc hoc preceptuln. Datum apud
WestmonasteriUIll 10 die Maii anno regni regis IIenrici Octavi vicesimo
octavo. Per Sessionem. FERMOUR.
Dorso. Ante adventum istius Precepti michi directi infranominati
Franciscus Weston, miles, Henricus Norres, armiger, Willelmus Bryerton,
armiger, et l\iarcus Smeton, gentilman, michi comn1Íssi fuerunt per
Consilium domini regis salvo et secure custodiendi pro diversis altis
proditionibus per ipsos ut dicitur perpetratis, corpora tamen ipsorum
Francisci, Henrici, \Villelmi et 1\1 arci ad diem et locum infra contentas
parata habeo prout interìus michi præGipitur.

Responsio 'Villehni Kyngston, militis, CoÎ1stabularii Turris Londoniæ
infrascripti.

[The Justices' Precept to the Sheriff for the Return of the Petty
Jury.1

BAG1\. DE SECRETIR, POUCH VIII

203

Scilicet, Thomas Audeley, miles, Cancellarius Angliæ, et socii sui (
L 4.)
justiciarii don1Íni regis, per liter
s patentes ipsius domini regis ad in- ðIidùlesex.
quirendunl per sacramentunl proborum et legaliun1 honlÏnum de comÏtatu
l\liddlesexiæ tam infra libertates quam extra per quos rei veritas melius
sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, mesprisionibus proditionum,
rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris, homicidiis ac aliis articulis et offensis in
literis domini regis patentibus eis inde directis specialiter per quoscun1que
et qualitercumque factis sive perpetratis, necnon de aliis articulis et cir-
cumstantiis præmissa qualitercumque concernentibus plenius veritaten1.
Et ad ea omnia et singula secundum legem et consuetudinenl regni
domini regis Angliæ audiendum et tern1Ínandum assignati, vicecomiti
l\Iiddlesexiæ salutem.
Precipimus tibi, firmiter injungentes, quod non omittas propter aliquam
libertatem in balliva tua quin venire facias coraIll domino rege apud
'Vestmonasterium hac infrascripta die Veneris proxima post tres septi-
ßlanas Paschæ 24 tam milites quam alios l'robos et It'gales homines de
visneto de villa 'Vestmonasterii in comitatu prædicto, per quos rei veritas
melius sciri poterit. Et qui Henricum N oreys, nuper de villa 'Vest-
nlonasterii in comitatu prædicto, arn1Îgerum, nnum generosorum privatæ
cameræ dicti domini regis; Willelmum Bryerton, nuper de villa 'Vest-
1110nasterii in comitatu prædicto, armigeruIn ac unum generosorum dictæ
privatæ cameræ; Franciscum 'Veston, nuper de villa 'Vestmonasterii in
comitatu prædicto, mi1item ac unum generosorum dictæ privatæ cameræ
[here is an erasure of three-quarters of a line which evidently contained
the name of l\tlark Smeton J, nulla affinitate attingente ad recognoscendum
super sacramentunl suum si prædicti Henricus, 'Villelmus et Franciscus
culpabiles sint de quibusdam altis prodicionibus unde indictati sunt necne:
quia iidem Henricus, Wil1elmus, Franciscus et 1\1arcus (sic) posuerunt
se inde in juratam i1Jam. Et habeas ibi tunc nomina juratorum et hoc
preceptum. Datum apud 'VestmonasterÏtun 12 die l\Iaii anno regni regis
IIenrici Octavi vicesilno octavo. Per Sessionenl, FERMOUR..
Dorso. Executio istius precepti patet in quudam paneI10 huic precepto
annexato.
Responsio IIumfridi l\fonmouth et Johannis Cotes, vicecomitum.

12
'Iay, 28
Hen. 8.
(M. 5.)
Midùlesex.

204

APPENDIX.

[Panel cont::tining the return, with the naIHes of the Petty Jury. The
dots in the n1argin show the nanws' of those who appeared, and the
contracted word" jur." is written against those who were sworn.]
. Johannes \Velsche, miles.
. Edwardus \Villoughby, nliles, jure
. Willehuus Askew, miles, jur.
. Walterus Hungarford, miles, jure
. Robertus Dormer, miles, jur.
. Ricardus Tempest, miles, jure
. \Villelmus Drewrey, n1Ïles, jure
. Egidius Alyngton, Iniles, jure
. Johannes Hampden, nliles, jure
. Thomas Wharton, miles, jur.
. Thomas Palu1er, miles, jur.
. 'Villelmus l\Iusgrave, miles, jure
Thon13s K ytson, miles.
. Júhannes Champnes, miles.
Johannes l\1ondy, miles.
. Anthonius Hungerford, miles.
.. \Villelmus Sydney, miles, jure
. Thomas Spert, miles.
. Christoferus l\Iorrys, rniles.
. Jacobus Spenser, miles.
. \Villelmus Hollys, miles.
. Rogerus Corbe.tt, armiger.
. Thomas Carter, armiger.
. Robertus Cheseffian, armiger.
. 'Villelmus Awbrey, arn1Ìger.
. Johannes tIull, arn1Ïger.
. Johannes I-Iewes, arn1iger.
. ThOlnas Burbage, armiger.
. Edwardus North, arn1Ïger.
. Johannes Palmer, arnlÌger.
. Radulphus \Van'en, arl1liger.
l\Iichael Dormer, anniger.

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII.

05

. "\Villielmus Dantesey, armiger.
. \Villelmus Gonston, arn1Ïger.
. 'Villellllus Brown, armiger.
Georgius IIenyngham, anniger.
. Jesper Leyke, armiger.
. Galfridus Chamber, anniger.
Johannes l\[alte, arnliger.
. Walterus l\Im she, armiger.
Johann
s Sadler, armiger.
Quilibet juratonull prædictorum separatim per se attachiatus et wann-
captus est per plcgiun1

J OHANNIS DEN et
RICARD! FEN.
DOl'SO. Juratores dicunt quod omnes sunt culpabiles, catalla nulla.

Special Commission of Oyer and Terminer addressed to Thomas Duke 24 Aplil, 28
of Norfolk, Charles Duke of Suffolk, John Earl of Oxford, Ralph Earl of Hen. 8.
'Vestnlorland, Hobert Earl of Sussex, Thomas Crumwell, esq. the King's ... (:\I. 14.)
Chief Secretary, \Villian1 FitzwilIian1, knt. Willian1 Paulet, knt. John I\..el1t.
FitzjaIlleS, knt John Baldewyn, knt. Richard Lyster, knt: John Porte,
knt. John Spelman, knt. 'Val tel' Luke, knt. Anthony Fitzherbert, knt.
Thomas Englefield, knt. and 'Villiam Shelley, knt. or any four or more
of them. [This docunlent, in other points being indentical with the
Special Commission for l\Iiddlesex, docs not require to be printed here.]

The Justices' Precept to the Sheriff for the return of the Grand JUlY 9 :May,
8
at Deptford on Thursday the 11th day of May. [This being nearly lien. 8.
identical in wording with the like precept to the Sheriff of J\Iiddlesex is (M. 12.)
. . b . d ] I b h . d h . d Kcnt.
not requIsIte to (j pnnte. t ears on t e reverse Sl e t IS en orsement:
Executio istius pr
cepti patet in quodam panello huic precepto annexato.
EDW ARDUS \V OTTON luiles, vicecOlnes.

[The Grand Jury panel for I{ent. The dots in the n1argin show the 9
Iay, 28
nanles of those who appeared, and the contracted word" jur." is written lIen. 8.
against those who were sworn.]

(M. 13.)
Kent.

206

APPENDIX.

. Ricardus Clement, miles, jur.
. Willelmus Fynche, miles, jure
. Edwardus Boughton, miles, jure
. Antonius Seyntleger, armiger, jure
. Johannes Cromer, armiger, j ur .
. Johannes Fogg, arrniger j ur.
. Thomas 'Villesford arn1Îger, jure
. Johannes Norton, armiger, jur.
. Humfridus Style, armiger, jure
. Robertus Fysher, gent. jur.
. Thomas Sybbell, gent. jure
. Johannes Lovelas, gent. jur.
. Walterus Harynden, gent. jur.
. Edwardus Page, gent. jur.
. Thonlas Fereby, gent. j ur.
. Lionellus Ansty, gent. j ur.
'Villelmus Buston, gent.
Stephanus Astyn, gent.
ThOll1as Grene, gent.
Thomas Chapman, gent.
'Villelmus Iden, gent.
l\Iarcus Aucher, gent.
Robertus Brograve, gent.
'Villelmus Swan, gent.
ThoDlas Swan, gent.
Quilibet juratorunl prædictorum separatim per se attachiatus est per
plegium

J OHANNIS FEN.
HICARDI HART.
Dorso. Capta apud Deptford in comitatu Kantiæ die Jovis undecimo
die l\Iaii anno regni regis IIenrici Octavi vicesinlo octavo coram Johanlle
Baldewyn, n1Îlite, 'Valtero Luke, lllÌlite, .LL\.ntonio Fitzherbert, n1ilite, et
Willelmo Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c. per sacranlcntum juratorum
infrascriptorurn, &c.

RAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX.

207

Original indictment found at Deptford by the Grand Jury, Sir Richard 11
lay, 28
Clenlent, knt. and others, against Queen Anne Boleyn, Lord Rocheford, Hen. 8.
Norreys, Bryertùn, Weston, and Smeton, as afterwards abstracted (see r (:\1.11.)
Pouch ix.). At the foot is written" Billa vera," and the same memorandum Kent.
added as on the l\Iiddlesex indictment.

I{ING'S BENCH RECORDS in the PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE.
BAGA DE SECH.ETIS. Poueh IX.

This Pouch is indorsed "Sessio tenta apud Turrin1 Londoniæ coram
Thoma Duce N orfolciæ hac vice Senescallo A.ngliæ, anno regni regis
Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo." The main Records, containing thirteen
nlembranes, on which are enrolled the proceedings in this case, are in good
condition, but the other documents, nurnbered fourteen to twenty-one, have
sustained n1 uch damage.
Trial and conviction of Queen Anne Boleyn and George Lord Rocheford,
her brother.-.AduItery and incest.-Before the court of the Lord High
Steward and Peers, 15 l\Iay, 1536, 28 Henry VIII.
Record of Pleas held at the Tower of London before Thomas Duke of
Norfolk, High Steward of England, Treasurer, and Earl l\[arshal.

Dominus rex nlandavit præcharissimo consanguineo suo Thomæ duci pfS. I-G.)
N orfolciæ Thesaurario ac Comiti l\IarescaIlo A.ngliæ necnon Senescallo
Angliæ hac vice literas suas patt'ntes in hæc verba: HenricHs Octavus
Dei gratia Angliæ et Franciæ rex, :Fidei Defensor, Dominus Hiberniæ et
in terra supremum caput Anglicanæ ecclesiæ, præcharissimo consanguineo
suo Thomæ duci Norfolciæ, Thesanrario ac Comiti l\IarescaIIo Angliæ,
salutem. Sciatis quod curn domina Anna regina Angliæ, consors nost1'a,
per nomen dominæ Anuæ reginæ Angliæ, uxoris domini nostri Henrici
Octavi Dei gratia Angliæ et :Franciæ regis, Fidei Defensoris, Domini
lIiberniæ et in terra suprcmi capitis Anglicanæ Ecclesiæ; ac Georgins
Boleyn, miles, dominus Rocheford, per nomen Georgii Boleyne, nuper de
villa \Vestmonastèrii in cOlllitatu l\1idùlcsexiæ, militis, dOlnini Rocheford,

208

APPENDIX.

fratris naturalis præfatæ reginæ ac unins Gt'nerosornnl Privatæ Cameræ
ùon1ini regis, corarn Johanne Baldewyn, H.icardo Lyster, Johanne P
rte,
Johanne Spelman, 'Vahero Luke, Antonio FitzHf'rbert, Thoma Englefeld,
et 'Yil1e]nlo Shel1ey, militibus, Justiciariis nostris assignatis, una cum
[tliis in cOl11itatu 1\Iiddlesexiæ inter alia ad quascumque proditiones,
mesprisiones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, nuudra, homicidia, riotas,
routa8, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, con-
t.emptus, concelamenta, ignorancias, negIigencias, offensiont's, mesprisiones,
falsi tates, deceptiones, confederationes, conspirationes, necnon accessaria
eorundum ac alias transgressiones et offensiones quascumque infra comi-
tatum predictum per quoscumque habita, facta, perpetrata sive commissa
et per quos vel per quenl, cui vel quibus, qua1iter vel quo modo ac de aliis
articulis et circumstantiis prenlissa et eorum quodlibet SEU eorum aliquod
vel aliqua qualitercul11que concernentia plenius veritatem. Et ad eadem
proditiones et alia premiss a audiendum et terminandum secundum legenl
et consuetudinem regni nostri Angliæ assignatis de diversis aItis pro-
ditionibus per eos et eorum alterum comù1Ïssis et perpetratis separaliter
indictati existunt: Cumque etiam eaùem regina et præfatus Georgius per
nomina supradicta COral11 eisdenl Johanne Baldewyn, 'Valtero Luke,
Antonio FitzHerbert et 'VilJelmo Shelley, militibus, Justiciariis nostris
assignatis una cum aliis in comitatu J{anciæ inter alia ad quascumque
proditiones, mesprisones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra,
hon1Ïcidia, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones,
oppressiones, contenlptus, concelanlenta, ignorantias, negligentias, offen-
siones, mesprisiones, falsi tates, dect'ptiones, confederationes, conspirationes
necnon accessaria eorundum ac alias transgressiones et offensiones quas-
cumque infra conlitatum predictum per quoscumque habita, facta, perpetrata
sive commissa. Et per quos vel per quem, cui vel quibus, qualiter et
quomodo, ac de aliis articulis et circunlstantiis premissa et eorUl11 quod-
libet seu corum aliquod vel aliqua qualitercumqne concernentia plenius
veritatem: Et ad eaden1 proditiones et alia premissa audiendum et. tenni-
nandum secundum legem et consuetndinem regni nostri Angljæ assignatis
etianl de diversis altis proditionihus per eos et eorum alterum commissis
et perpetratis separaliter indictati existunt. Nos, considerantes quod
justicia est virtus excellens et .-..L\..ltissimo comphlCcns eaqne præ omnibus
uti volurnu8; ac pro eo (luod officinrn Senpscalli Angliæ cnjlls prcsentia

RAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX.

209

pro administratione justiciæ et executionis ej nsdem in hac parte fienda
reqniritur ut accepiulus jaIn vacat de fidelitate proyida circlunspectione et
industria vestris plenius confidentes, ordinavin1l1S et constituimus vos ex hac
causa et causis Senescallun1 Angliæ ad officiuln illud cllm omnibus eidem
officio in hac parte debitis pertinentiis, hac vice, gerendum, occupanchlll1
et exercendu1l1, dantE's et concedelltes vobis tenore præsentium plt'nam et
sufficientem potestatenl et auctoritatenl ac mandatunl speciale indictamenta
prædicta eosdem dominaln Annan1 reginaIIl Angliæ et Georgium dominunl
Rocheford concernentia cum omnibus ea tangentibus a præfatis justiciariis
nostris et. sociis suis prædictis recipiendis et ea inspicienda ac ad certus
diem et locum quos ad hoc provideritis ipsos dominam Annan1 reginam
Ang1iæ et Georgium dominun1 Hocheford coran1 vobis evocandos et ipsos
et eornnl utrunlque superinde audiendml1 et E'Xamillandu111 et respondere
compellandum ac fine debito terminandunl; necnon tot et tales dominos,
proceres et magnates hujus regni nostri Angliæ eorundem donlÌnæ Annæ
reginæ Angliæ et Georgii domini Rocheford pares per quos rei veritas in hac
parte Inelius sciri poterit ad dien1 et locum prædictos ex causa et causis
prædictis coranl vobis comparere astringendum veritateque inde comperta
ad judicium inde per ves ut Senescallum nostrunl Angliæ in hac parte red-
dendum secunduullegem et consuetudines regni nostri Angliæ, hac vice,versus
præfatos dominam Annam reginam Angliæ et Georgium dominum Rocheford
[etJ procedendum, sentenciandum et adjudicandum ac executionen1 inde
facere præcipiendum cæteraque onlnia et singula quæ ad officium Senescalli
Angliæ in hac parte pertinent et requiruntur, hac vice, faciendun1, exer-
cendum et exequenduln. Et ideo vobis nlandamus quod circa præmissa
diligenter intendatis et ea faciatis et exequalnini in fOrIna prædicta.
Ðanlus autem universis et singulis ducibus, marchionibus, cOll1Ïtibus,
vice-comitibus, baronibus et omnibus aliis officiariis, ministris et legeis
I
nostris tenore præsentium firmiter in mandatis quod vobis in executione
præmissorull1 intendentes sint, consulentes, assistentes, obedientps et
auxiliantes in olllnibus prout decet. :I\Ialldaviulus auteul eisdem justiciariis
nosh'is quod indictanlenta prædicta cun1 omnibus ea tangentibus ex causa
et causis prædictis vobis d{'liberent. :I\Iandavimus etianl constahulariú
Turris nostræ Londoniæ ejusve IOCUll1tenenti yel deputato ibiden1 quod
ad certos dienl et locum quos ei scire facietis præfatanl dominalll Annam
reginan1 Angliæ et Georgiunl dominunl Rochford connn vobis venirE
CAMD. SOC. 2 E

21U

APPENDIX.

faciat. In cujus rei testiIl10nitun has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes.
Teste meipso apud 'Vestmonasteritul1 duodecimo die l\Iaii anno regni
nostri vicesimo octavo.
l\landavit etiam prædictus don1Ïnus rex dilectis et fideIibus suis Johanni
Baldewyne, Ricardo Lyster, Johanni Porte, Johanni Spelnlan, Waltero
Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert, Thomæ Inglefeld et v\rillelmo Shelley, militibus,
j usticiariis suis una cum aliis ad quascumque proditiones, nlesprisiones
proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, 111urdra, homicidia, riotas, routas,
cunventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, contemptus,
concelamenta, ignorantias et alia malefacta in comitatu l\liddlesexiæ
facta, habita, conlmissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et em'um cuilibet
salutem. l\[andamus vobis quod omnia et singula indictaulenta, recorda,
et processus de quibusculnque proditionibus seu aliis præmissis unde
domina Anna regina .Angliæ uxor nostra et Georgius Boleyn miles,
DOlninus Rocheford, quibusc1..ul1que nominibus censeantur seu eOrUll1 alter
censeatur, coram vobis in dicto comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ indictati sunt,
ut dicitur charissimo consanguineo nostro Thomæ duci Norfolciæ,
'l'hesaurario et Cmniti lHarescallo Angliæ et hac vice Senescallo Angliæ,
liberetis indilate una cum hoc brevi, ut ipse Senescallus, inspectis
indictamentis, record is et processibus prædictis, ulterius inde hac vice
fieri faciat prout de jure ac secundum legem et consuetudines regni
nostl.i Angliæ fuerit faciendum. Teste meipso apud \Vestmonasterium 13
die l-'[aii anno regni nostri vicesÍIl10 octavo.
Et ulterius mandavit idem dOlninus Hex præfatis dilectis et fidelibus
suis J ohanni Baldewyn, Waltero Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert et vVillelmo
Shelley, n1ilitibus, justiciariis suis, unacum aliis ad quæcumque proditiones,
mesprisiones proditionUII1, rebelliones, felonias, murdra, homicidia, riotas,
routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, con-
tenlptus, concelall1enta, ignorantias et alia malefacta in comitatu Kanciæ
facta, habita, çommissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et eorum cuilibet
breve SUUIn clausunl in hæc verba:
Henricus Octavus Dei gratia Angliæ et Franciæ Rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus Hiberniæ et in terra supremunl caput Anglicanæ Ecclesiæ dilectis
et fidelibus suis Johanni Baldewyn, 'TV altero Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert et
Willelmo Shelley, nlilitibus, justiciariis suis, una cum aliis ad quæcumque
proditiones, mesprisiones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, lnurdra, hon1Ï-

BAGA DE SECUETIS, POUCH IX.

211

cìdia, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, op-
pressiones, contemptus, concelamenta, ignoranti3s et alia malefacta in
conlitatu Kanciæ facta, habita, commissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et
eorUln cuilibet, salutem. :J\Iandamus vobis quod omnia et singula indicta-
111enta, recorda et processus de quibuscnnlque proditionibus seu a1iis præ-
missis unde don1Ïna Anna regina Angliæ, uxor nostra, et Gem'gius Boleyn
miles, Dominus Rocheford, quibuscumque nOll1inibus censeantur seu eorun1
alter censeatur coram vobis in dicto comitatu Kanciæ indictati sunt ut
dicitur charissimo consanguineo nostro Thonue Duci N orfolciæ, Thesaurario
ac COll1iti l\Iarescallo Angliæ et hac vice Senescallo Angliæ liberetis indilate
una cum hoc brevi ut ipse Senescallus inspectis indictamentis, recordis, et
processihus prædictis, ulterius inde hac vice fieri faciat prout de jure ac
secundum legem et consuetudines regni nostri Angliæ fuerint faciendun1.
Teste meipso apud 'Yestmonasterium tertiodecimo die l\laii anno regni
llostri vicessimo octavo.
Ac insuper mandavit dictus don1inus Rex dilecto et fideli suo "\Villelmo
Kyngstone milit.i, constabulario Turris suæ Londoniæ seu ejus locum-
tenenti vel deputato ibidem quoddam aliud breve suum clausum in hæc
verba:
Henricus Octavus Dei gratia Angliæ et Franciæ Rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus lIiberniæ, et in terra supremum caput Anglicanæ ecclesiæ dilecto
et fideli suo 'Villelmo Kyngestone, militi, Constabulario Turris suæ
Londoniæ seu ejus locumtenenti vel deputato ibidt>m, salutem. :J\Iandamus
vobis quod dOlllinanl A nnam reginan1 ..A..ngliæ uxorem nostram et Georgium
Boleyn militem, DomiIlllln Rocheford, de alta proditione per ipsos erga
nos facta et perpetrata indictatos et in custodia vestra existentes coranl
charissin10 consanguineo nostro Thoma, duce Norfolciæ
Theasurario ac
COlnite :J\Iarescallo Angliæ et hac vice SenescaIlo ad certos diem f>t locun1
quos idenl Senescallus vobis scire faciet super præll1issis responsuros
salvo et secure venire facias. Et hoc nullatenus omittatis. Teste Ineipso
apud 'Vestmonasterium tertiod{'lcimo die l\Iaii anno regni nostri vicesilno
octavo.
Quarum quiden1 literarum don1Ïni regis p
tentium prædictarulll præfato
Senescallo Angliæ hac vice directarUll1 pretextu. Preceptum fuit per
dictum Senescallum Angliæ, scilicet tertiodecimo die :J\Iaii anno vicessimo
octavo supradicto, præfatis J ohanni Baldewyn, Iniliti, et sociis suis

212

APPENDIX.

j usticiariis, &c. in dicto comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ quoc1 indictamenta, recorda
et processus de alta proditione personæ domini regis facta et perpetrata
unde prædicta domina Anna regina Angliæ uxor dicti domini regis nunc
et Georgius Boleyn, miles, Dominus Rocheford, indictati sunt cunl omnibus
ea tangentibus adeo plene et integre prout coram eis nuper capti fuerunt
et penes eos tunc residebant quibusculnque nominibus iidem dOlnina
regina et Don1Ïnus Rocheford nUllcupabantur in eisdem coraln præfato
Senescallo sub sigillis suis aut unius eOrtllu apud Turrinl dicti domini
regis Londoniæ die Innæ quintodecimo die l\laii tunc proximo futuro
Initterent seu unus eorum mitteret ut ulterius, &c. Preceptull1 fuit
etiam per dictuln Senescallunl Angliæ scilicet dicto tcrtiodecÌIno die Maii
anno vicesimo octavo supradicto præfatis Johanni Baldewyn, 'Valtero
I..uk
, Antonio Fitz-herbert et 'Villelmo Shelley, militibus, et sociis suis
justiciariis, &c. in dicto comitatu l(anciæ quod indictament
, recorda, et
processus de alto proditione personæ dOlnini regis facta et perpetrata unde
prædicta donlina Anna regina Angliæ uxor dicti dOlnini regis nunc et
Georgius Boleyn miles, Dominus Uocheford, indictati sunt cum omnibus
ea tangentibus adeo plene et integre prout coram eis nuper capti fuerunt
et penes eos tunc residebant quibuscumque nominibus iidenl domina
regina et Dominus Rocheford nuncupabantur in eisdem coranl præfato
Scnescallo sub sigillis suis aut unius eorunl apud dictam TurrÌ1n dicti
domini regis LOhdoniæ dicto die Iunæ quintodecimo die l\Iaii tunc
proxinlo futuro n1Îtterent seu unus eorUln mitteret ut ulterius, &c.
Ac insuper per dictum Senescallum Angliæ præceptum fuit supradicto
tertiodecimo die l\Iaii àllno vicesimo octavo supradicto præfato con-
stabulario dicti Turris domini regis Londoniæ ve ejus locumtenenti vel
deputato suo ibidem quod corpora prædictorum dominæ Annæ reginæ
Angliæ uxoris dicti domini regis nunc et Georgii Boleyn, militis, Domini
Rocheford, in prisona domini regis sub custodia sua detentorum una cunl
causa detentionurn suarUlll quibuscnmque nominibus iidem domina regina
et Don1Ïnus Rocheford censeantur in eadem haberet coram præfato Senes-
callo apud Turrill} prædictanl dicto die Iunæ quintodecinlo die l\laii tunc
proximo futuro ad subjiciendlun et recipiendum ea quæ curia dOluini
regis de eis tunc ibideln ordinare contigerit. l\fandatnm fuit etiam per
prædictum Senescalhun Angliæ prædicto xiii o die l\laii anno vicesimo
octavo supradicto RaduJpho FeJmyngham servienti dicti domini regis ad

BAGA DE SEORETIS, POVOIl IX.

213

arma quod ipse summoneat tot et tales dominos, proceres et magnates
hujus regni Angliæ prædictorum dominæ Annæ reginæ Angliæ et Don1ini
Rocheford pares per quos rei veritas in hac parte melius sciri poterit quod
ipsi personaliter compareant coram præfato Senescallo apud Turrim
domini regis Londoniæ supradicto die lunæ quintodecimo die l\Iaii tunc
proximo fut.uro ad faciendulTI ea quæ eis ex parte domini regis tunc
ibidem in præmissis injungentur, &c.
Placita coranl Thoma Duce Norfolciæ Senescallo Ang1iæ hac VIce
nee non Thesaurario et Comite l\farescallo Angliæ tenta apud Turrim
domini regis Londoniæ die lunæ quintodecimo die l\Iaii anno regni Henrici
Octavi Dei gratia Angliæ et Franciæ regis, Fidei Dentènsoris, Domini
Hiberniæ et in terra supremi capitis Anglicanæ ecclesiæ vicesimo
octavo.
Johannes Baldewyn n1Ï]es, Ricardus Lyster n1iles, justiciarii, &c. in
comitatu l\iiddlesexiæ solemniter exacti comparuerunt et præsentes hic in
curia juxta vim, formam, et efftctum brevis domini regis et precepti
prædictorum eis directorum on1nia et singula indictamenta et reCOrdUll1
inde versus præfatos dominarn Annan1 reginam AngFæ et Georgium
Boleyn, militem, Dominum Rocheford de proditionibus prædictis capta
unde iiden1 domina regina et Don1Ìnus Rocheford indictati existunt cum
on1nibus illa tangentibus ad eo plene et integre prout coram eis et sociis
suis nuper capta fuerunt et penes eos tunc resident coram præfato Senes-
cal10 Angliæ prætextu brevis et præcepti prædictorum hac instanti die
Iunæ, &c. per manus suas proprias deliberaverunt tern1inandum, &c.
Ac etiam prædicti Johannes Baldewyn miles, 'Valterus Luke n1iIes,
justiciarii, &c. in comitatu Kanciæ similiter exacti comparuerunt et
præsentes hie in curia juxta vim, forman1 et effectum brevis domini regis
et precepti prædictorum eis directorunl omnia et singula indictamenta et
recordum inde versus præfatos dominam Annam reginam Angliæ et
Dominum Rocheford de proditionibus prædictis capta cum omnibus ilIa
tangentibus unde iidem domina regina et Dominus Rocheford indictati
existunt adeo plene et integre prout coram eis et sociis suis nuper capta
fuerunt et penes eos tunc resident; coram præfato SenescalIo Angliæ
prætextu brevis et præcepti prædictoruln dicto die lunæ, &c. per manus
suas proprias deliberaverunt terminandum, &c.
Et etiam Willeimus Kyngeston, miles, Constabularius Turris dicti

14

APPENDIX.

domini regis Londoniæ, juxta breve et. præceptum prædicta sin1Ïliter
exactus corpora prædictorunl dominæ Annæ reginæ Angliæ et Georgii
Buleyn militis, Don1Íni Hocheford, tunc eodem die lunæ, &c. coram
præfato Senescal10 Angliæ prætextu brevis et præcepti dOlnini regis
prædictorunl apud Turrim prædictam parata habuit prout sibi præ-
cipiebatur, &c.
..
Necnon prædictus Radulphus Felnlynghanl serviens prædicti domini
regis âd arma præfato Senescallo Angliæ pretextu mandati sui prædicti
assernit quod ipse omnes et singulos dominos, proceres et magnates regni
Angliæ prædictorum dominæ Annæ reginæ Angliæ et Georgii Buleyn
militis, Domini Rocheford, pares, per quos, &c. summoneri fecit quod ipsi
personaliter coraln præfato Senp.scallo ad præfatuln diem et locum com-
pareant ad faciendum ea quæ eis ex parte don1Íni regis tunc ibidem in
præmissis injungentur prout superius data fuit sibi in Inandatis, &c.
Super quo facta proclamatione pro don1Íno rege per nlandatum præfati
Senescalli Angliæ quod tanl omnes duces et comites quaul barones pares
prædictorum dominæ Annæ reginæ Angliæ et Georgii Bu]çyn militis,
Domini Rocheford, qui per mandatum ejusdem Senescalli Angliæ ac sunl-
monitionenl prædicti servientis ad arma eis facta ad tunc in curia præsentes
fuerint compareant et pro eorum non1Ínibus responderent, ad faciendum
ea quæ eis ex parte dicti dmnini regis tunc ibidem in præmissis inj un-
gentur, &c.
Qui quidem duces, comites et barones tunc ibidem in plena curia
existentes scilicet Charolus dux Suffolciæ, HenricHs marchio Exoniæ,
'VilJelmus comes Arundel1, Johannes conles Oxoniæ, IIenricus comes
Northunlbriæ, Hadulphus comes Westmorlandiæ, Edwardus comes Derby,
Henricus comes Wigorniæ, Thomas comes Rutlandiæ, Robertus comes
Sussexiæ, Georgius conIes Huntingdoniæ, Johannes don1Ínus Audeley,
Thomas don1Ínus 130 "\Vare, Henricus donlinus l\Iountague, Henricus
dominus l\iorley, Thomas don1Ínus Dacre, Georgius donlinus Cobham,
Henricus dominus Maltravers, Edwardus donlinus Powes, Thomas dominus
l\iount Egle, Edwardus dominus CJynton, Wil1elmus don1Ïnus Sandes,
Andreas dominus 'V yndesore, Thomas dominus Wentworth, Thonlas
dominus Burgh et Johannes don1Ínus l\lordaunt juxta vim, formam, et
effectum proclamationis prædictæ ac summonitionis prædictæ eis ut præ-
dicitur per prædictum servient em ad arma factarum ad tunc et ibidem

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX.

15

solemniter exacti conlparnernnt et per eornnl non1Ïna separatim respond-
erunt. Quorunl presencia per præfatum Senescallunl Angliæ recordata
fnit, &c.
H.ecordunl ac indictamenta et processus versus præfatam dominam
Annam reginain Angliæ et Georgium Boleyn, Dominum Rocheford de
alta proditione coranl præfatis Johanne Baldewyn n1Ìlite, H.icardo Lyster
milite et sociis suis justiciariis, &c. in comitatu l\Iiddlesexiæ capta et
per nlanus suas proprias hic in curia deliberata sequuntur in hæc verba:
l\liddlesex scilicet. lnquisitio capta apud villarn 'Vestnlonasterii in con1Î-
tatu prædicto die l\Iercurii proxinlo post tres septimanas Paschæ anno regni
regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo' octavo coranl Johanne Baldewyn milite,
Hicardo Lyster milite, Johanne PorLe milite, Johanne Spelman milite,
'Valtero Luke nÚlite, Antonio Fitzherbert milite, et Willelnlo Shelley
milite, justiciariis domini regis, per literas patentes ipsius regis eis ac aliis
directas ad inquirendum per sacrmnentunl proborurn et legalium hominum
de dicto comitatu l\lìddlesexiæ tam infra 1ibertates quam extra per quos rei
veritas melius sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, mesprisionibus
proditionum, rebellionibus, .feloniis, lnurdris, homicidiis, riotis, routls,
conventiculis illicitis, insurrectionibus, extortionibus, oppressionibus, con-
temptis, concelamentis, ignorantiis, negligentiis, offensis, mesprisionibus,
falsitatibus, deceptionibus, confederationibus, conspirationibus, necnon
accessariis eorundenl ac aliis transgressionibus et offensis quibusculllque
infra comitatum prædictum per quoscumque habitis, factis, perpetratis sive
commissis; et ad eadenl proditiones et alia præmissa secundum legem et
consuetudines regni Ang1iæ audienduln et terminandum assignatis, per
sacramentum Egidii Heron anuigeri, H.ogeri l\Iore arn1Ïgeri, Hicardi
A wnsham armigeri, Thomæ Byllyngton armigeri, Gregorii Lovell
armigeri, Johannis \V orsop armigeri, 'Villelmi Goddard gent. \Villelmi
Biakwall gent. Johannis 'Vylford gent. \Villelmi Berd gent. I-Ienrici
Hubbylthorn gent. 'Villelmi Hunyng gent. Roberti 'Valys gent. Johannis
Englond gent. Henrici Lodysnlan gent. et Johannis Averey gent. extitit
presentatunl-Quod cum don1Ïna Anna regina Angliæ uxor domini nostri
l-fenrici Octavi Dei gratia Ang1iæ et Franciæ regis, Fidei Defensoris, Domini
I-liberniæ et in terra supremi capitis ecc1esiæ Anglicauæ per tempus triuln
annorum modo plenarie elapsorum et amplius extiterit; eadenlque don1Îna
Anna nedum excellentissimum atque nobilissimu111 n1atrimoniurh inter

216

APPENDIX.

dictum donlinum nostrum regeln et ipsan1 donjnmn reginanl solenlpnizatum
vilipendens verunl etian1 nlalician1 in corde suo erga dictunl dominunl
nostrum regen1 gerens instigatione diabolica seducta, Deun1 præ occulis
non habens atque ejus fragilem et carnalmll appetitum indies insequens
et affectans, quamplures præfati domini nostri regis diurnos et familiares
servos eidenl reginæ adulteros et concubinos fore et efficere, falso proditorie
et contra legianciæ suæ debituIll, turpibus colloquiis et osculis, tactis, donis
variisque aliis nephandissimis ejus instigationibus et incitationibus de
tempore in tenlpus sicuti ejus criminis facultas abolendissima appetiit
falsissime et proditoriosissime procuravit. Adeo quod ad illud ejusdem
reginæ nequissimum et proditoriosissimuln crimen adulterii perpetr2.ndum:
nonnulli dicti don1Ïni regis servientes per dictæ reginæ vilissimam provo-
cationem et incitationem indies eidem reginæ prod.itorie erant dediti et
inclinati, hinc indeque sic ut subsequitur de factis et proditoriis verbis
insecutuln fuit; videlicet prædicta regina sexto die Octobris anno regni
prædicti dOlllini nostri regis vicesimo quinto apud villam 'Yestmonasterii
in comitatu prædicto et diversis aliis dieblls et vicibus antea et postea
quendam Henricum N oreys nu per de villa. Westmonasterii in con1Ítatu
prædicto armigerunl unllm generosorum privatæ cameræ ejusdenl donlini
regis ad ipsam reginam violandulll et carnaliter cognoscendum dulcibus
verbis, osculis, tactibus ac aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat
et incitabat, per quod idem Henricus N orreys duodecimo die Octobris anno
regni dicti domini regis vicesimo quinto occasione dictæ domiuæ reginæ
proditorie incitationis et procurationis eandem don1Ínam reginaln contra
legianciæ suæ debitum apud villam 'Yestn10nasterii prædictam in con1i-
tatu prædicto proditorie violabat, viciabat, et carnaliter cognosce bat.
Quodque idenl Henricus Noreys diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædictam in con1Ítatu prædicto,
quandoque ex procuratione ipsins Henrici propria præfatæ reginæ pro-
ditorie ibidenl facta et quandoque ex procuratione ipsillS reginæ eidem
Henrico Noreys proditorie ibidem facta præfatam reginaIll proditorie
violavit, viciavit et carnal iter cognovit. Et quod prædicta regina secundo
die N ovembris an no regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo et diversis
aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud viHan1 Westmonasterii præ-
dictam in comitatu prædicto quendam Georgium Boleyn nuper de villa
W pstmonasterii in comitatu prædicto militem, Dominum Rocheford, fratrem

UAGA. DE Sl<:CRE.TI8, I)OUCH IX.

217

naturalelll prænÜæ regillæ ac unum generoSOrtUll dictæ privatæ call1eræ
dicti don1Ïni l'egis ad ipsam regi.nam violandulll et carna1iter cognosct'llchull
ac cum lingua ipsius reginæ in ore dicti Georgii et lingua ipsius Georgii,
in ore dictæ reginæ, tanl osculis cum aperto ore ips ius reginæ et Georgii
donis et jocalibus, ac quam aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat
et incitabat, per quod idclll Georgius dominus Rocheford omnimodo
Dei omnipotclltis præcepta et singulas humanæ naturæ leges sperllens
prædictæ regiuæ illecebras et incontinencias intuens et cognoscf'ns
quinto die Novembris anno rf'gni dicti domini regis .vicesimo :;eptimo
eandcm reginam sororem SlUlnl naturaleu1 false, detestandissime, et pro-
ditoriosissime contra legianciæ sum debitum apud villam 'Vestll1onasterii
prædictam in comitatu prærlicto violabat et carnaJiter cognoscebat.
Quodque ideul Georgius diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villam 'Vestmonasterii prædictam in comitatu præùicto
quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Geol'gii propria præfiltæ. reginæ
ibidem proditorie facta et quandoque ex procuratione ips ius reginæ eidelll
Georgio ibidem proditorie facta præfataln reginaIll proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Et quod prædicta regina tertio die
Decemhl'is anno regni dicti domini nostri regis vicesilllo quinto et diversis
aliis diebu5 et vicibus alltea et postea apud villaIll 'Yestmonasterii præ-
dictam in comitatu prædicto quendaIl1 \Villelmunl Bryerton nuper de vIlla
'Vestmonasterii in cOluitatu prædicto anlligennll ac unum g
nero.;orurn
dictæ privatæ cameræ præfati domini regis ad ipsam reginanl violanùum
et carnaliter cognoscenduIll osculis, tacti bus ac aliis ùi versis viis et 1110dis
illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat. Per quoJ idem 'ViIlelnlus
Bryerton octavo die Decembris anno regui dieti domini regis vicesiulo
quinto proditorie occasione dictæ don1Ïnæ reginæ proditoriæ incitation is
et procuratiollis ealldeIll reginmn cont.ra legianciæ suæ debitlun a pud
Hampton Court in parochia de Lytel IIampton in conlitatu prædicto
proditorie violabat, viciabat ct carnaliter cognosce bat. Quodque idelll
\Villelmus Bryerton diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea. apnd
villam vVetmonasterii præùictaIIl in comitatll præclicto qUClncl('que ex
procuratioue ipsius 'Villehlli propria præfatæ rcginæ ibidem proditorie
facta et quandoque ex procuratio1H
ipsius reginæ eideul "-iIlchllo ibidelll
proùitorie facta præfatam reginam proditol'ie violabat, ,iciabat et car-
naliter cognosccbat. Et (JllOd prædida l'egina octavo die men::;is :\Iaii
CA
lD.
oc. 2
'

218

APFENDIX.

anno regni dicti domini nost1'i regis vicesimo sexto et divers is aliis diebus
et vicibus antea et postea apud vil1am 'Yestmonasterii prædictam in
conlitatu prædicto quendan1 F1'anciscum 'Yeston nuper de villa "T est-
monasterii in comitatu prædicto nÚlitell1 et unUlll generosoruln dictæ
privatæ CalTIeræ præfati domini regis, &c.
[The rest of this charge is eðsentially the SaIne as the preceding one
of Bryerton. ]
Et quod prædicta regina duodecÏ1no die nH
nsis Aprilis a11no regni dicti
domini regis vicèsin10 sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
'postea apud villam 'Vestmonastel ii prædictam in comitatu præùìcto
quendanI l\larcum Smeton nuper de villa 'Vestmonasterii in comitatl1
prædicto gentylman ac unum gromettorum dictæ privatæ calneræ dicti
domini regis, &c.
[The rest of this charge is essentiaiIy the same as the above of
Bryerton. ]
Et insuper juratores prædicti dicunt: Quod prædicti Georgius
Boleyn n1Íles, Dominus Hocheford, IIenriclls Noreys, 'Villelmus Bryerton,
Franciscus 'Veston et l\Iarcus Smeton sic carnali amore dictæ reginæ
accensi et inflammati fuerunt quod quen1 illorum dicta regina magis appetiit
et affectavit alius eorum malignabat et indignabat et in cordibus sllis invicen1
11lurmurabat alter versus alterum suspiciens et zelotypans; Et exinde
unus eonlIn versus alium lTIalitiam concipiens, præfatæ reginæ plu1'in1a
obsequia nocturni3 temporibus inordinatis diversa etian1 dona et arras
dicto prodito1"Ío vicio adulterino apta diversis transactis temporibus dunI
dictorum proditorio1'uIn criminuITl suorum ten1pOJ a agebant occuJto et
proditorie singulatÏ111 exhibuerllnt. Et quod præfata regina parifol'miter
prædictos Georgium, Henricunl et cæteros proditores prænomiuatos solos
8ibi concubinos habere tam ardenter affectavit et concnpivit (Iuod eOTunI
aliquem CUlTI alia quacunlque nluliere conversare, colloqui, ant vUltUlll
familiarem exhibere, minin1e potuit sustinere absque cahllnpnia, displi-
cencia et indignation
ipsius reginæ eis propterea fienda t't dl'mons-
tranda. Et præterea jnratores prædict.i dicunt quod præfata regina
prænominatis Georgio, IIcnrico,. 'VìJlelmo, Francisco et l\Iarco pro eo
quod ipsi em'um adulterina prædicta vi cia proditoria cum eadem regina
ad snum libitum et beneplacitulll iterarent et vicissim coutinuarent,
òiversa dona e.t mercedcs insignia tam pro sUl'raclictis corum proditoriis

RAGA DE SECRETlfo;, POUCH IX.

219

viciis in forma prædicta comn1Íssis et peractis qumn extunc cun1 eadem
regina committendis et perpetrandis apud villanI \Vestmonasterii præ-
dictam in comitatu prædicto vicesinlo septimo die Novembris anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesirno septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea proditorie contulit, dedit, et largita fnit. Quorunl præ-
textu dicta regina præfatos proditores in eorunl dictis proditionibus ad
tunc et ibidem proditorie auxiliavit et confortavit; ulteriusque præfata
regina et cæteri proditores prænominati eidem reginæ per n1cdum dictorulll
proditoriorum viciorunl divisim adherentes, videlicet, eadem regina et
singuli cæteri prænon1inati proditores cun1 eadem regina divisim et invicelll
ultimo die Inensis Octobris anno regni dicti domini reg-is vicesimo septimo
supradicto ac aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam 'Vest-
monasterii prædictanl in con1Ïtatu prædicto mortem et destructionenl
præfati domini nostri regis proditorie contra Iegianciæ suæ debitum
compassi fuerunt et ilnaginaverunt. Ita quod dicta regina sæpius dicebat
et pronlittebat se maritare ununl proditorum prædictorum quandocumque
dictus dominus rex ab hoc secuJo 111igrare contigeret affirmando quod
nunquam ipsum dominum regem in corde suo diligere voJebat. Idemque
dOlninns noster rex supradicta falsissima et abolendissima crimina, vicia
et ploditiones versus eurn taliter ut præscribuntur comn1Íssa et perpetrata
infra breve tempus nunc præteritum, summa Dei gratia n1ediante,
agnoscens et perpendens tantanl intra se con cepit cordialenl ingratìtudinerrl
et tristitiam præsertim ex
jus dictæ reginæ et consortis sibi impensa
nla1icia et adulterii proditorii procuratione atque etian1 ex dictorUll1 ejus
servorum cubicularioruln dignissimæ suæ personæ l'egiæ vicinissimorunl
acceptorum, collatis proditionibus quod nonnulla cOl'pori suo regali dampna,
gravamina et pericuJa exinde sibi accreverunt et devenerunt.
Sicque præfati juratores dicunt qnod præfata regina et cæteri proditores
prænon1inati proditiones suas præscriptas"lIt præmittitur false et proditorie
commiserunt et perpptravernnt in dicti domini nostri regis coron:.D sure
regiæ et totius regni sui Angliæ contemptllI11 manifestum et derogationem
et regalis personæ et corporis dicti domini regis pericululn ac in pro-
ditorium scandalum, pericnluln, detrimentum et derogationem exitus et
herednm dictonun domini regis et reginæ et contra pacem ejusdem domini
regis, &c.
Hecordmn ac indictanwnta et processus versus præfittos Dùl1linam

220

.A PPENDJX.

Annanl rt'ginmn Angliæ et Georgiun1 Boleyn Inilitcm, DOlninun1 Rocheford,
de alta proditione coram præfatis J ohanne Baldewyn milite, 'Yaltero
Luke 111ilite, ....\ntonio Fitzherbert n1ilite, et 'Villelmo Shelley milite,
justiciariis, &c. in comitatu l
anciæ capta et per manus snas p:roprias hi0
in curia deliberata sequuntur in hæc verba: Kancia" scilicet. lnquisitio
capta apud Depford in comitatu pJæclicto die Jovis undecimo die l\Iaii
all 110 regni rpgis Henrici Octavi vicesin10 octavo, cormll Johanne
Baldewyn nÚlite, 'Yaltero Luke nÜlite, Antonio Fitzherbert l1lilite, et
'VilJelmo Shellt'Y n1ilite, justiciariis don1ini regis per literas patentes
ipsius regis eis ac aliis directas ad. inquirendum per sacramentum pro-
borum E:t legaJium hominum de dicto comitatu K:anciæ tam infra libertates
quam extra per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit de quibuscumque
proditionibus, mesprisionibus pToditionum, rebellionibus, feloniis, nnudris,
homicidiis, riotis, routis, conventiculis ilJicitis, insurrectionibus, extortioni-
bus, oppressionibus, contemptibus, concelan1entis, ignol'anciis, negligenciis,
offensis, n1f'sprisionibus, falsitatihus, deceptionibus, confederationibus, con-
spirationibus necnon accessariis eorundem ac aliis transgressionibus et
offensis quibuscun1que infra comitatum prædictU111 per quoscnmque habitis,
factis, perpetratis sive comissis et ad eadem proditiones et alia præmissa
secundun1 lege111 et consuetudinell1 regni Angliæ audiendulu et term i-
nandum, assignatis per sacramentum Ricardi Clement nÜlitis, 'Yillelmi
Fynche nÜlitis, Edwardi Boughton militis, Antonii Seyntleger armigeri,
Johannis CrOlner armigeri, Johannis Fogg :=Lr111igf'ri, Thomæ 'Yylleford
arn1igeri, Johannis Norton armigeri, I1umfric1i Style armigeri, lloberti
Fisher gent. Thomæ Sybbell gent. Johannis Lovelas gent. WaIteri
I-Iaryndon gent. Edwardi Page gent. Thomæ Fereby gent. et Leonelli
Ansty gent. extitit præsentatum: Quod cum domina Anna regina
Angliæ, &c.
[The rest is identical with the finding of the l\Iiddlesex jury, with the
exceptions of place and date, e. g. Videlicet prædicta regina duodecimo die
Novembris anno regni prædicti domini regis vicesimo quinto apud Est
Grenewyche in comitatu prædicto ac diversis aliis diebus et vicib
s antea
et postea quendam Henricum Noreys nuper de Est Grenewyche, &c. per
quod idem Henricus N oreys decimonono die N ovem bris, &c.]
Et quod prædicta regina vicesimo secundo die Decen1bris anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesiu10 septimo ac diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea

BAGA DE
E(,RIGTIS, POUCH IX.

221

et postea apud Elth:ull in cOll1itatu prædicto quendan1 Georgium Boleyn
nuper de Est Grenewychp, &c. per qnod idem Georgius Dominus Roche-
ford omnimoda Dei on1nipotentis præcepta et singulas hun1anæ naturæ
leges spernens prædictæ reginæ illecebras et incontinentias intuens et
cognoscens vicesimo Bono die Decembris dicto anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo septimo eandem reginam, sororem suanl naturaleln, false,
detestandissilne et proditoriosissime contra legianciæ suæ debitum apud
Eltham prædictam in comitatu prædicto violabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Quodque ideln Georgius diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea
apud Est Grenewiche, &c.
Et quod prædicta regina sextodecimo die Novembris anno regni dicti
don1Ïni nostri vicesimo quinto supradicto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea apud Est Grenewyche prædictam in comitatu prædicto
quendanl "\Villelmum Bryerton, nuper de Est Grenewych, &c. per quod
idem 'Villelmus Bryerton vicesimo septimo die Novembris, &c.
Et quod prædicta regina sexto die J unii anno regni dicti domini regis
vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud Est
Grenewyche prædictam in comitatu prædicto quendmn Franciscum V,Tes-
ton, nnper de Est Grenewyche in con1Îtatu prædicto militem, &c. per quod
ideln Franciscus 'Veston, vicesimo die J unii dicto anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo sexto, &c.
Et quod prædicta regina tertiodecimo die l'vlaii supradicto anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea
et postea apud Est Grenewyche prædictam in comitatu prædicto quendam
l\Iarcum Smeton nuper de Est Grenewyche in con1Îtatu prædicto gent. :IC
unum gromettorum dictæ privatæ cameræ, &e. per quod idenl l\Iarcus
Smeton decilnonono die l\laii dicto anno regni dicti don1Îni regis vicesimo
sex to, &c.
Et insuper juratores prædicti dicunt quod prædicti Gem'gius Boleyn
n1Î]es, Dominus Hocheford, IIenricus N oreys, 'Villehnus Bryerton, Fran-
ciscus 'Veston et l\Iarcus Smeton, sic carnali amore dictæ reginæ accensi
et inflammati fuerunt quod qnem illonun dicta re.gina magis appetiit et
affectavit alius eorum malignabat et indignabat et in cordibus suis invicem
111UrU1Urabant alter versus altennn suspiciens et zelotypans, &c. QUain
ex tunc cunl eadeln regina conlmittendis et perpetrandis apud Eltham
prædictam in comitatu prædicto ultimo die Decembris anno regni dicti

222

APPENDIX.

domini regis vicesilllo septimo et divel'sis aliis diebus ct vicibus ante:l f't
postea proditorie contulit, dedit, et largita fuit. QUOl'1..nl prætextu dicta
regina, præfatos proditores in eorum dictis proditionibus adtunc et ibidem
proditorie auxiliavit et confortavit; ulteriusque præfata regina et cæteri
proditores prænominati eidem reginæ per nlodum iJictorunl proditoriorum
viciorunl divisim adherentes, videlicet, eadem regina et singuli cæteri
prænominati proditores cum eadem regina divisilll et invicenl octavo die
J anuarii anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septÏIno prædicto et aliis
diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud Est Grenewiche prædictalll in
cOlnitatu prædicto lllortenl et destructionem præfati domini nostri regis
proditorie contra legianciæ suæ debitum cOlllpassi fuerunt et imagina-
veruFlt. Ita quod dicta regina sæpius dicebat et promittebat se maritare
unum proditonun prædictoruln quandocunlque dictus dominus rex ab hoc
seculo migrare contigeret, affirmando quod nunquam ipsunl dominunl
regem in corde suo diligere volebat. Idemque dominus nos tel' rex supra-
dicta falsissima et abolendissima. crin1Ïna, vicia et proditiones versus enm
taliter ut præscribuntur commissa et perpetrata infra breve tempus nunc
præteritum, summa Dei gratia mediante, agnoscens et perpendens tan tam
intra se concepit cordialem ingratitudinem et tristitiam, præsertim ex ejus
dictæ reginæ et consort is sibi impensa Inalicia et adulterii proditorii
procuratione atque etiam ex dictorunl ej us servorum cubicularionun
dignissinlæ suæ personæ regiæ vicinissimorum acceptorum J collatis pro-
ditionibus quod nonnulla corpori suo regali dampna, gravanlina et pericuIa
exinde sibi accreverunt et devenerunt. Sicque præfati juratores dicunt
quod præfata regina et ceteri proditores prænominati proditiones suas
prædictas ut præmittuntur false et proditorie conlmiserunt et perpetra-
verunt in dicti dOlnini nostri regia coronæ suæ regiæ et totius regni sui
Angliæ contel1lptlUll manifestum et derogationem et regalis personæ et
corporis dicti domini regis pericuillm ac in proditorium scandalum, peri-
culum, detrimentum et derogationenl exitus et heredunl dictorum domini
regis et reginæ et contra pacelll ejusdem domini regis, &c.
Et postea isto eodem instanti die lllnæ quintodecimo die l\Iaii COrall1
præfato ThOllla Duce Norfolciæ hac vice Senescallo Angliæ apud prædictam
Turrim Londoniæ venit prædicta Domina Anna, Regina Angliæ, sub
custodia prædicti 'Villehni l{yngeston 111ilitis, constabularii ejusdem
Turris, in cujl.lS custodiam preantea ex causis prædictis et aliis certis de

RAGA DE
ECl{ETIS, !)OUCII IX.

223

causis per 11landatunl dicti domini regis conllnissa fuit virtute brevis ct
præcepti prædictorum ad barrmn hic ducta in propria persona sua:
t
statinl de proditionibus prædictis sibi superius impositis allocuta qualiter
se velit inde acquietare: dicit quod ipsa in nullo est illde culp!lbilis; et
inde de bono et nlalo ponit se super pares suos, &c.
Super quo prædicti Dux Suffolciæ, l\tlarchio Exoniæ, ac comites et
barones, prædictæ dOlninæ reginæ pares instanter super eorum fidelitatenl
et ligeantiam dicto domino regi debitam per præfatunl Senescallum Angliæ
d
veritate inde dicenda onerati; et postea per eundum Senescallum Angliæ
ab inferiore pare usque ad supremum pariuln illorum separatim in de
examinati. Quilibet eorum per se separatim dicit quod prædicta domina
regina de proditionibus prædictis sibi superius il11po
itis cst culpabilis
n10do et forma prout per separalia indictmnenta prædicta superius sup-
ponitur, &c.
Ob quod instanter servientes domini regis ad legenl ac ipsius domini
regis attornatus juxta debitam legis fornIan1 petunt versus eandenl
dOlllinmn reginam judicium et executionem supeánde pro dicto domino
rege habendum, &c.
Et super hoc, visis et per curianl hic intelJectis Olllnibus et singulis
præmissis, consideratum est quod prædicta regina. ducatur per præfatunl
constabularium, &c. usque prisonam dicti domini regis infra eandenl
Turrim; et deinde ad mandaturu ejusdem domini regis usque Ie Grene
infra. dictam Turrim ducatur et ibideln comburetur vel caput f:'jus am-
putetur prout superinde domino regi placuerit, &c..
Et etimn prædicto instanti die lunæ quintodecinlO die l\Iaii COralll
præfato Thoma Duce Norfolciæ, hac vice Senescallo Angliæ, apud p1'æ-
dictam TurrÏ1n Londoniæ venit prædictus Georgius Boleyn luiles, dominus
Hucheford, sub custodia præfati "\Villelmi I\:yngeston militis, constabularii,
&c., in cujus custodiam præantea ex causis prædictis et aliis certis de
causis per mandatunl dicti domini regi
commissus fuit, virtute brevis et
præcepti prædictorulll ad barram hic ductus in propria persona sua. Et
statilfi de proditionibus prædictis sibi superius impositis allocutus qual iter
se velit inde acquietare; dicit quod ipse it1 nullo est inde cu]pabili8. Et,
inde de bùno et Inalo ponit se super pares suos, &c.
Super quo prædicti Dux [Suffolciæ J, .i\larchio Exuniæ, ac Olunes comites
et barones antedicti præfato cUluite Northunlbriæ propter :,ubitanemll

10
lay,
8
Hen.8.
eM. 18.)

12 .May, 28
Hen. 8.
(:\1. 17.)

224

A})})ENDIX.

debilitateIn corporis sui tantlllllmodo excepto et absente prædicti don1Ïni
Rochefol'd pares instanter super eorunl fidelitatem et ligeancianI dicto
domino regi debitmn, per præfatull1 Senescallum Angliæ de veritate inòe
dicenda onerati et postea per eundenI Senescallum Angliæ ab inferiore pare
usque ad supren1unl parium illorum separatiIn inde exan1Ìnati. Quilibet
eorUln per se separatinI dicit quod prædictus dominus Hocheford de
proditionibus prædictis sibi superius inlPositis est culpabilis 111Odo et
forma prout per separalia indictamenta prædicta
uperius supponitur, &c.
Ob quod Ïnstanter servientes dicti domini regis ad legem ac ipsius regis
attornatus juxta debitam legis formam petunt versus eundem dominum
Rocheford judicium et executioneln superinde pro dicto domine rege
habendum, &c. Et super hoc, visis ac per curianl hic intellectis omnibus
et singulis præmissis, consenSUlfi est quod prædictus dominus Rocheford
ùucatur per præfatum constabularhuu, &c. usque prisonanl ùicti dOIuini
regis infra eandem Turrim. Et deinde per medilln1 civitatis Londoniæ
usque ad furcas de Tyburn trahatul' et ibiùem suspendatur et vivens ad
terrmn prosterllatur et interiora sua extra ventrem suunI capiantur,
ipsoque vi vente, comburentur. Et quod caput ejus anIputetur, quodque
corpus ejus in quatuor partes dividatur ac quod caput et quarteria illa
ponantur ubi dOlninus rex ea assig:
.lare yoluerit, &c. In margin, Tractus
et suspensus.
..A.. duplicate of this enrolment then follows, nunIbered :1\'18. 7-13.

In this same Pouch (IX.) are the originals of several of the documents
entered on the above enrolment; 1110st of them are considerably damaged,
and, as they contain no new information except the endorselnents, it is not
requisite here to reproduce them. They are strung on a file promiscuously
in the order indicated by the nUlllbers in the margin, but are heTe
arranged chronologically so far as each session is concerned, that. for
l\liddlesex preceding ICent.

Indictlnent found at \Y cstminster before the Justices for l\1iddlesex.
\Vednesday next after three weeks of Easter.

Original Commission appointing Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Treasurer,
and Earl l\Iarshal of England, to the office of Lord High Steward of

RAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX.

225

England, to receive the indictlnents found against Queen Anne and the
Lord Rochford, and to call them before hÏ1n for the purpose of hearing
and examining them and compelling them to answer thereto, being
identical with the Letters Patent already copied f1'0111 the enrolment.
This parchment is the fourth on the file, and has an impression of the
Great Seal appended.

'Vrit for Middlesex, addressed to Sir John Baldewyn, Sir Uichard 13
Iay, 28
Lyster, and others, the Special COlnlnissioners of Oyer and Terminer for Hen. 8.
the county ofl\Iiddlesex, commanding them to return ail indlctnlents against (1\1. 20.)
the Queen and Lord Rochford before the Lord High Steward.

',,"rit addressed to Sir 'VilliaIl1 K:yngston, knt. Constable of the 13 :l\Iay, 28
Tower, and his Lieutenant or Deputy, commanding him to bring Queen Hen. 8.
Anne and Lord Rochford before the Lord High Steward as he shall be (M. 22.)
required.

Precept addressed by the Lord High Steward to Sir John Baldewyn 13 l\fay, 28
and his fellows, commanding theln to return the indictlnent before him at Hen. 8.
the Tower on 1\Ionday, the 15th 1\Iay. (
L 19.)
Dorso. Uesponsunl J ohannis Baldewyn militis, unius justiciariorunl
inf1'ascriptorunl. Indictanlenta de alta proditione infrascripta dominam
[Annan1 regin 1 anl et Georgium Boleyn nÚlitel11, dominuln [Rochford]
adeo plene et integre prout coram me et [aliis] justiciariis infrascriptis
capta fuerunt, coram infranominat . . . . . . . '.' . . . dienl et locum infra-
contentos mitto prout interius michi [præcipitur].

Precept addressed by the Lord High Ste\yard to the Constable of the 13 l\E1Y, 28
Tower, commanding hin1 to bring the bodies of Queen Anne and the Lord Hcn. 8.
Uochford before him on l\Ionday, the 15th day of I\Iay. C
L 14.)
D01'SO. Responsum lVìllehni Kyngeston nÚlitis, Constabularii illfra-
scripti Turris Londoniæ.
. . . . . . . præceptuln infranominati Domina [Anna] Reg[ina]
Angliæ et Georgius Boleyn nlÎles, donlinus Rocheford, nlÎchi per donlinunl
regem pro quibusdam altis proditionibus comn1Ïssi fuerunt et ea de causa
sub custodia nlea detenti existunt; corpora tamen eorundem reginæ et
CA
ID. SOC. 2 G

13 l\Iay, 28
Hen. 8.
(
I. 16.)

15 ::\Iay, 28
Hen. 8.
(
I. 15.)

11
lfiY, 28
Hen. 8.
C\I. 21.)

226

APPENDIX.

Georgii coram infranominato Senescallo ad dien1 et locum infracontentos
parata habeo prout interius lllichi præcipitur.

.
Precept addressed by the Lord lIigh Stt'ward to Ralph Felnlynghanl,
Serjeant-at-Arms, commanding hill
to 8Ulll11lon such and so nlany Lords,
Proceres, and l\Iagnates of England, peers of the said Queen Anne and
Lord Rochford, by whom the truth call be better lllade to appear.
DoJ'so. Responsum Radulphi Fehnynghanl, servientis domini regis
[ ad ] arnla.

.A. portion of the orginal panel of the Peers, annexed to the preceding
Precept. In this panel the nanle of " Thomas" Lord Dacre is written in
place of 'Yilliam, which is crossed through; this was probably a mistake
of the scribe, who had confused Thonlas Lord Dacre with 'Yillianl Lord
Dacre of the North, who were both then living, but only the former sat
upon the trial. The names of the Peers are pricked off in the margin,
evidently as they canle in, and against each nanle is written the abbreviated
,vord " CuI''' twice repeated in the handwriting of the Lor
High Steward,
being evidently the answer" culpabilis " upon each arraignment. Only
17 of the names are now left, comnlencing with the Earl of Sussex, the
upper part of the strip of parchment having entirely perished.

Il1dictnlent found at Deptford before the justices for Kent against the
Queen and Lord Hochford, as printed frOl11 the enrolment.

878039

I
1

-

Wriothesley, C

A chronicle of England

DA
20
.Cl?
H3'
vol. 1